veqt
ori
ვექტორი პიროვნებაზე, ვექტორი საზოგადოებაზე, ვექტორი მსოფლიოზე
N2 noemberi 2020 weli
arCevnebi- dapirispirebis axali mizezi politikur partiebs Soris saqarTveloSi proporciuli sistemiT arCevnebis Catareba demokratiis kuTxiT wingadadgmuli nabijia. miuxedavad amisa, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi da opoziciuri partiebi Tanxmdebian, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobam ver uzrunvelyo arCevnebis samarTlian da Tavisufal garemoSi Catareba.
gv. 2
fsonad dadebuli saxelmwifo biujeti
gv. 13
kibersporti 21-e saukunis profesia
gv. 25
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xelisuflebis gamoZiebuli gamouZiebeli saqmeebis seria
samarTlianobis aRdgenis dapirebiT xelisuflebaSi mosulma qarTulma ocnebam mmarTvelobis meore vada sxva bevr gamouZiebel saqmesTan erTad 10 Tvis barbare rafaliancis gardacvalebis rogor ebrZvian uxilav mters saqmis gamoZiebis gareSe baTumis respublikur saavadmyofoSi daasrula. swored barbare rafaliancis gardacvaleba baTumis respublikuri saavadmyofo adgili, sadac yvelaze meti iyo pirveli saqme, romlis inficirebuli pacienti mkurnalobs, adgili, sadac asobiT paciendroulad da obieqturad ti gamojanmrTelda da adgili, sadac am dromde yoveldRiurad gamoZiebasac opoziciidan xelisuflebaSi 200-ze meti adamiani ibrZvis sicocxlisTvis. gadabargebuli qarTuli ocnebis liderebi mosaxleobas pirdebodnen.
gv. 7
gv. 10
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RvinobisTvis miwuruli da giorgobisTvis dasawyisi
gv. 18 axali qarTuli brendi ”anapana”
“
gaicaniT 26 wlis mxatvari, dizaineri, mocekvave da brend „““anapanas““ damfuZnebeli mariam fridoniSvili. rogori iyo gza „anapanamde“ da rogoria samomavlo gegmebi.
gv. 21
ვექტორი პოლიტიკაზე
arCevnebi- dapirispirebis axali mizezi politikur partiebs Soris redaqtoris sveti
jer kidev `veqtoris” Seqmnisas, maSin rodesac pirvel nomerze vmuSaobdiT, miznad davisaxeT, rom Segveqmna iseTi gazeTi, romelic SeZlebda da daainteresebda nebismieri asakisa Tu interesis mqone pirs. aRniSnul misias `veqtoris~ pirvelma nomerma didi warmatebiT gaarTva Tavi. qarTul tradiciul mediaSi yvelaze aSkarad jansaRi kritikis nakleboba SeiniSneba, rasac ver vityviT `veqtorze~, radgan vin, Tu ara “veqtoris” gundi, afasebs, Tu ramxela mniSvneloba aqvs jansaR kritikas ganviTarebis xangrZliv da rTul procesSi. gazeTi `veqtori” meore nomerSic ar Ralatobs sakuTar standartebs da mkiTxvels mravalferovan, saintereso da masze morgebul analitikur teqstebsa Tu istoriebs sTavazobs, romlebic, bunebrivia, ar scdeba Jurnalistur standartebs. radganac `veqtoris” misiaa - iyos sazogadoebisTvis usafrTxo mediasaSualeba, romelic mudmivad simarTlis da realobis mxaresaa. `veqtoris” meore nomeri datvirTulia analitikuri statiebiT, aqcenti gakeTebulia qveyanaSi mimdinare politikur procesebze, garda amisa,Tqven ixilavT qarTuli arCevnebis istoriis mokle mimoxilvasac. `veqtori~ aseve gTavazobT saerTaSoriso movlenebis analizs; masalebs aSS-is axal prezidentze, poloneTSi mimdinare saprotesto aqciebsa da venaSi momxdar teroristul aqtze dawvrilebiT `veqtoris” Jurnalistebis mier momzadebul statiebSi gaecnobiT. gazeTis meore nomerSi asve adgili eTmoba yarabaRis omsa da regionSi mimdinare procesebs. bunebrivia, Cveni yuradRebis gareSe ar darCenila ekonomikuri sakiTxebi. yvelasaTvis mniSvnelovani erovnuli valuta da misi bedi. amasTanave, rubrikaSi mkiTxveli gaecnoba azartuli TamaSebis ekonomikur sargebels da am TemasTan dakavSirebiT sazogadeobaSi gavrcelebul miTebs. `veqtorma” dro da adgili dauTmo anakliis portsac, statiidan Tqven gaigebT Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania is saqarTvelosTvis. `veqtorisTvis~ kvlav mniSvnelovania sazogadoebisa da samarTlis problemebi. gazeTis meore nomerSi Tqven aseve waikiTxavT, statiebs avtosagzao SemTxvevebis sagangaSo statistikaze, sagrZnoblad dagrovebul gamouZiebel danaSaulebze, axalgazrdebis protestis enaze da sxv. gazeTisTvis kvlav mniSvnelovania ganaTlebis sakiTxebi. rogor iReben ganaTlebas gansakuTrebuli saWiroebis mqone pirebi pandemiisas, ra sirTuleebis winaSe aRmoCnda inkluziuri ganaTleba onlainswavlebis pirobebSi. gaecnobiT, rogor aris SesaZlebeli sasurveli profesiis daufleba umaRles saswavlebelSi Cabarebis gareSe. `veqtorisTvis” mniSvnelovania soflis meurneoba, gazeTis meore nomridan Tqven gaigebT, Tu ra sirTuleebis winaSe dgas dargi. aseve, gaecnobiT turizmisa da soflis meurneobis kolaboracias. garda amisa, ixilavT ulamazes `xurmis fardebs”. gazeTSi uxvadaa statiebi literaturaze, filmebsa Tu xelovnebaze. mkiTxveli gaecnoba axal qarTul brend `anapas~, imogzaurebs `sityvebis zardaxSaSi~ da ukeT gaicnobs cnobil qarTvel dizainers. sportis moyvarulTaTvis `veqtors~ saintereso statiebi aqvs. qarTuli ragbisa da fexburTis mimoxilvis garda, mkiTxveli gaecnoba kibersports, romelsac Tamamad SeiZleba vuwodoT 21-e saukunis profesia. ra Tqma unda, gazeTma gverdi ver auara koronaviruss, romelzedac statiebs janmrTelobisa da mecnierebis rubrikaSi ixilavT - Cvenma Jurnalistebma `SeaRwies~ kovidsaavadmyofoebSi. SeityobT, Tu rogor ebrZvian `TeTrxalaTiani angelozebi” uxvilav mters. dabolos, ixileT fotoreportaJi saCxeris samedicino centridan da baTumis respublikuri saavadmyofodan, sadac adamianebi sicocxlisTvis ibrZvian.
მარიამ ნებულიშვილი
2
2020 wlis 31 oqtombris saparlamento arCevnebi ganaxlebuli, TiTqmis proporciuli sistemiT Catarda. saqarTveloSi proporciuli sistemiT arCevnebis Catareba demokratiis kuTxiT wingadadgmuli nabijia. miuxedavad amisa, arasmTavrobo organizaciebi da opoziciuri partiebi Tanxmdebian, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobam ver uzrunvelyo arCevnebis samarTlian da Tavisufal garemoSi Catareba. opozicia moiTxovs Sedegebis baTilad cnobas da xelaxali arCevnebis daniSvnas. winaaRmde SemTxvevaSi, isini parlamentSi Sesvlaze uars ityvian da boikots gamoucxadeben arCevnebis meore turs. saerTaSoriso organizaciebi ki, naklebad kritikulebi arian. maTi TqmiT, arCevnebi konkurentul garemoSi Catarda. isini arCevnebis dRes dafiqsirebul fundamentur xarvezebzec saubroben. aseve, mmarTvel gundsa da opoziciur partiebs TanamSromlobisken mouwodeben, raTa arCevnebis meore turi mSvid, Tavisufal da samarTlian garemoSi Catardes. xelisuflebis gancxadebebiT ki, opozicia mosaxleobis SecdomaSi Seyvanas cdilobs. maTi TqmiT, arCevnebi demokratiis yvela princi pis dacviT Catarda.
saerTaSoriso organizaciebis Sefasebebi saparlamento arCevnebTan dakavSirebiT, euTo/odirma(OSCE/ODIHR) gamoaqveyna winaswari angariSi, romelic aseve ekuTvnis evrosabWos, natos saparlamento da Tavad euTos saparlamento ansambleebs. angariSSi saubaria, rogorc arCevnebis dReze, ise winasaarCevno periodze. euTo/ odiris gancxadebiT, „31 oqtombris saparlamento arCevnebi konkurentul garemoSi da zogadad, ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis dacviT Catarda“. Tumca, am angariSSi ver vxvdebiT demokratiuli arCevnebisTvis damaxasiaTebel or ZiriTad kriteriums/ sityvas „Tavisufali da samarTliani“ (Free and Fair). angariSSi xazgasmulia, rom arCevnebis dros mmarTvel partiasa da saxelmwifos Soris mkafio zRvari ar iyo, rac ewinaaRmdegeba „euTos winaSe aRebul valdebulebebsa da saerTaSoriso standartebs“. euTo/odiris (OSCE/ODIHR) angariSs aseve eTanxmebian didi britaneTi, poloneTis sagareo uwyeba da aSS-is saelCoc. amerikis saelCo mouwodebs yvela partias TanamSromlobisken da urCevs ,gaiTvaliswinos saparlamento arCevnebis dros arsebuli xarvezebi samomavlod. “Cven movuwodebT yvela partias gaiTvaliswinos aRniSnuli xarvezebi meore turisa da Semdgomi arCevnebisas. saarCevno procesis xelyofis es mcdelobebi: amomrCevlis daSineba, mosyidva, xmis micemis farulobis darRveva, partiuli da oficialuri saqmianobis aramkveTri gamijvna da saarCevno damkvirveblebsa da Jurnalistebze Zaladoba,“ - naTqvamia saelCos gancxadebaSi. evrosabWos saparlamento asambleis (PACE) delegaciis xelmZRvaneli saerTaSoriso sadamkvirveblo misiidan, Tini koqsi ambobs, rom saqarTveloSi 31 oqtomberis arCevnebi Tavisufal garemoSi Catarda, Tumca samarTlianobis sakiTxs eWqveS ayeebs ori problema: pirveli, uxilavi zRvari mmarTvel partiasa da saxelmwifos Soris, meore, mmarTveli partiis absoluturi dominireba saarCevno komisiebSi.
saqarTvelos arasamTavrobo organizaciiebis saarCevno Sefasebebi saerTaSoriso organizaciebisgan gansxvavebiT, saqarTvelos arasamTavrobo organizaciebi saparlamento arCevnebis Sefasebisas bevrad ufro kritikulebi arian. saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela gavlenianma arasamTavrobo organizaciam xeli moawera gancxadebas, romelSic saubaria, rom 2020 wlis saparlamento arCevnebi „qarTuli ocnebis“ xelisuflebis periodSi Catarebul arCevnebs Soris yvelaze naklebad Tavisufali iyo da „gamoirCeoda demokratiis dabali xarisxiT“. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis gancxadebebi TiTqmis identuria, rogorc wina saarCevno periodis, ise arCevnebis dRis Sefasebisas. maTi TqmiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom winasaarCevno periodi pluralis-
tuli iyo, mniSvnelovani xarvezebi aqac arsebobda. magaliTad: iyo Jurnalistebze, amomrCevlebze da sxvadasxva partiis warmomadgenlebze Zaladobis faqtebi, romlebze samarTaldamcvelebs myisieri reaqcia ar hqondaT. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis TqmiT, mmarTvelma partiam arCevnebisas uprecendento raodenobiT gamoiyena administraciul resursebi. isini, aseve, saparlamento arCevnebis dRes dafiqsirebul Semdeg darRvevebzec saubroben: saarCevno ubnebis gareT fizikuri dapirispirebis faqtebze, damkvirveblebsa da JurnalistebisTvis profesiul saqmianobaSi xelis SeSlis mcdelbobze, keWisyris dRes, savaraudod, amomrCevlis mosyidvis SemTxvevebze, Semajamebel oqmebSi arsebul disbalanssa da ceskos mier arCevnebis winaswari Sedegebis dagvianebiT gamocxadebaze. „Cven mier dafiqsirebuli 170 darRvevisa da 46 saCivris analizis safuZvelze, calsaxaa, rom 31 oqtombris arCevnebi, wina 2016 wlis saparlamento arCevnebTan SedarebiT, ukan gadadgmuli nabiji iyo“.saerTaSoriso gamWirvaloba- saqarTvelo „2020 wlis 31 oqtombris saparlamento arCevnebis dRem mniSvnelovani xarvezebiT Caiara kenWisyris dRis yvela etapze. dRis ganmavlobaSi arsebuli daZabuli atmosfero gavlenas axdenda, rogorc amomrCevlis qcevaze, ise Tavad procesis monitoringze. amas emateboda saubno saarCevno komisiebis araorganizebuloba, maT Soris, pandemiis Sesakaveblad gamocemuli wesebis aRsrulebis mimarTulebiT,” - acxadebs saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia (saia). „ceskosTan“ erTad, parlelur reJimSi „samarTliani arCevnebis saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba“ (ISFED) iTvlida xmebs. am organizaciis monacemebi yovelTvis emTxveva ceskos oficialur Sedegebs. gamonaklisi iyo 2003 wlis 2 noembris gayalbebuli arCevnebi. ISFED-isa da „ceskos“ monacemebi, arc 2020 wlis 31 oqtombris arCevnebis SemTxvevaSi daemTxva erTmaneTs. ceskos winaswari monacemebiT „qarTulma ocnebam“ xmebis 48,2%, xolo ISFED-is paraleluri daTvlis Sedegad ki, 45,8% miiRo. rogorc ISFED acxadebs, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom Semajamebeli oqmebis TiTqmis 8%-Si disbalansia, SesaZloa, mmarTvel partias SedarebiT kidev naklebi xma mieRo.
opoziciisa da xelisuflebis urTierT sawinaaRmdego gancxadebebi opoziciuri partiebi arCevnebs „gayalbebuls“ uwodeben Semdegi mizezebis gamo: 1) saarCevno oqmebSi arsebobs disbalansi, mag: oqmSi weria, rom 795 amomrCeveli mivida ubanze, Tumca fiqsirdeba, rom 3050 adamianma misca xma am ubanze. 2) arCevnebis periodSi amomrCevelTa daSinebisa da mosyidvis faqtebi dafiqsirda. 3) paraleluri daTvlis SedegebSi cdomileba 0.7%-ia, romelic Semajamebel oqmebSi disbalanisis gamo, kidev gaizrdeba. amitomac opozicia iTxovs xelaxali arCevnebis Catarebasa da saarCevno administraciis Secvlas. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, uars ityvis parlametSi Sesvlaze da boikots gamoucxadebs arCevnebis meore turs. opoziciam 8 noembers farTomasStabiani aqciac gamarTa, romelic xelisuflebam wylis WavliT daSala. 12 noembers, amerikisa da evrokaSiris SuamavlobiT, mTavrobasa da opozicias Soris Sexvedrac gaimarTa, Tumca mxareebma SeTanxmebas ver miaRwies. erTaderTi, razec SeTanxmdnen, momavali Sexvedris TariRia. „Cven gvaqvs Cveni mkafio moTxovnebi da es mkafio moTxovnebi gulisxmobs axal arCevnebs. Cven SegviZlia visau-
broT vadebze, Cven SegviZlia visaubroT sxvadasxva teqnikur detalebze, magram arsebiTi aris is, rom am gayalbebul arCevnebs ar iRebs sazogadoeba da politikuri opozicia.. Tu mivaRwevT arCevnebs, Ria karis mtvrevas aravin apirebs“ - ganacxada gigi ugulavam, „evropuli saqarTvelos“ erT-erTma liderma. xelisuflebis gancxadebiT ki, saparlamento arCevnebi Tavisufal da samarTlian garemoSi Catarda. „qarTuli ocneba-demokratiuli saqarTvelos” aRmasrulebeli mdivnis, irakli kobaxiZis TqmiT, opoziciis gancxadebebi saparlamento saqmianobis boikotirebis Sesaxeb arCevnebis meore turamde kapitulacias niSnavs. „meore turSi ageben yvela arCevnebs da meore marcxis gaformebas eridebian imTaviTve, ” - ganacxada irakli kobaxiZem „qarTuli ocnebis“ centralur ofisSi gamarTul brifingze.
ra moxdeba Tu opozicia parlamentSi ar Seva? eqspertebis nawilis mosazrebiT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu opozicia parlamentSi arSeva amiT mniSvnelovan politikur tribunas dakargavs da marginalizaciis safrTxec daemuqreba. konstitucionalisti levan afiSvili acxadebs, rom samarTlebrivi legitimaciis WrilSi, opoziciis boikoti xels verc parlamentis muSaobas SeuSlis da verc - „qarTul ocnebas“, Tundac sul martom imuSaos sakanonmdeblo organoSi. „erTaderTi, problema iqneba sakonstitucio cvlilebebis damtkiceba, radgan am dros 113 deputatis mxardaWeraa saWiro“. misi TqmiT opozicia realur Sedegs maSin miaRwevs, Tu quCis aqciebTan erTad samarTlebriv brZolas gaagrZelben. amis magaliTad 2003 wlis movlenebic mohyavs. xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi ki, acxadeben rom SesaZloa kanomdeblobaSi cvlileba ganxorcieldes da im partiebs, romlebic parlamentSi Sesvlaze uars ityvian dafinanseba SeuwydeT. es gancxadeba ki, opoziciaSi muqarad aRiqves. „bunebrivia, kargic iqneba kanonmdeblobaSi Sesabamisi cvlilebebis Setana, anu cvlilebebis Setana, romlis mixedviTac, Tu partia udierad epyroba sakuTari amomrCevlis nebas da uars ambobs mandatebze, am SemTxvevaSi mas uari unda eTqvas, ra Tqma unda, saxelmwifo dafinansebazec. es iqneba, bunebrivia, Zalian logikuri, amaze parlamenti albaT msjelobs“ - ganacxada irakli kobaxiZem. saqarTvelos stabilurobisTvis mniSvnelovania politikosebma molaparakebebi magidasTan gaagrZelo., gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac qveyana Rrma ekonomikur, politikur krizisSia da amas rTuli pandemiuri fonic emateba. miuxedavad qveyanaSi arsebuli krizisisa, arc xelisufleba da arc opozicia, am etapze ukan daxevas arapirebs. saparlamento arCevnebze dafiqsirebuli xarvezebisa da Semajamebeli oqmebis 8%-Si arsebuli disbalansis gamo, opozicia xelaxali arCevnebis daniSvnas moiTxovs. arasamTavrobo organizaciebi ki, moiTxoven yvela saCivris ganxilvasa da konkretuli ubnebis Sedegebis baTilad cnobas. am SemTxvevaSi, saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba naklebad kritikulia. marTalia, isinic saubroben arCevnebis periodSi arsebul xarvezebze, Tumca arCevnebis Sedegebs aRiareben da mouwodeben mxareebs TanamSromlobisken, raTa Tavisufal da samarTlian garemoSi Catardes arCevnebis meore turi. am Cixidan gamosasvlelad mniSvnelovania molaparakebebSi aqtiurad CaerTos saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba, rogorc es 8 martis SeTanxmebis SemTxvevaSi moxda.
სოფიკო ტაბატაძე
veqtori
ვექტორი პოლიტიკაზე
arCevnebisa da politikuri kulturis Tanacxovreba saqarTveloSi istoriuli mimoxilva saqarTveloSi saarCevno vnebaTaRelva jerac ar ganelebula, qveyana arCevnebis meore turisTvis emzadeba. opoziciuri speqtri 2020 wlis 31 oqtombris saparlamento arCevnebs gayalbebulad miiCnevs, mandatebs uaryofs da boikots acxadebs. demokratizaciis gzaze myofi qveynebisTvis daZabuli postsaarCevno periodi saxasiaToa, radgan swored arCevnebSi vlindeba saxelmwifos saxe. saqarTvelos saarCevno istoriaze dakvirveba sakmaod saintereso palitras iZleva - pirveli demokratiuli arCevnebi, vadamdeli arCevnebi, revolucia, xelisuflebis mSvidobiani gadacema - qveynis politikuri cxovrebis sakvanZo wertilebad iqca.
1919 wlis damfuZnebelikrebis arCevnebi arCevnebis, rogorc politikuri instrumentis da saqarTvelos, rogorc damoukidebeli saxelmwifos urTierToba 1919 wels iwyeba. damoukideblobis mopovebis dRidan droebiTi sakanonmdeblo organo progresuli saarCevno CarCos SemuSavebaze muSaobda. miRebuli iqna saarCevno kanonmdeblobac „debuleba damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebisa“, romelSic detalurad iyo gawerili politikur procesTa maregulirebeli sakiTxebi. kanonmdeblobiT arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba orive sqesis warmomadgenlebs miecaT, asakobrivi zRvrad ki 20 weli ganisazRvra. mravalpartiul arCevnebSi subieqtebi mandatebs proporciuli sistemis Sesabamisad iRebdnen. amasTanave, dawesebuli procentuli barieri moqnilobiT gamoirCeoda da xmebis dakargvis Sansi minimumamde dahyavda. gamoiyeneboda e.w. „metri“, romelic ganisazRvreboda arCevnebSi micemuli namdvili xmebis saerTo raodenobis krebis wevrTa saerTo raodenobaze – 130-ze gayofiT. konkretuli saarCevno subieqtis mier miRebuli xmebis raodenoba SemdgomSi iyofoda saerTo xmebis 1/130-ze da miiRebda konkretuli raodenobis mandats. damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebi sam
dReze - 14, 15 da 16 Tebervalze gadanawilda. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis biblioTekis saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis Semswavleli centris direqtoris, irakli iremaZis ganmartebiT, droSi gawelili arCevnebi arasaTanado komunikaciiT iyo ganpirobebuli. kerZod, iqmneboda gadaadgilebis problema, rasac emateboda xmebis daTvla da Soreul mazrebTan komunikacia. iremaZis TqmiT, 3-dRiani arCevnebi Tavad politikur partiaTa konsensusis Sedegad gadawyda. saxelmwifoebriobis Senebis procesSi myofi saqarTvelosTvis arCevnebis fenomeni ucxo iyo. miuxedavad amisa, Tanamedrove demokratiulobis standartTa gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebi maRal doneze Catarda. garkveuli TaviseburebebiT xasiaTdeboda saarCevno kampaniac. XX saukunis 20-ian wlebSi mTavari sakomunikacio saSualeba presa iyo, saqarTveloSi ki amas partiuli saxe hqonda. partiaTa umravlesoba sakuTar gazeTs gamoscemda (social-demokratebi - „erToba“, federalistebi - „saxalxo saqme“) da swored mis furclebze acnobda eleqtorats saarCevno programas, reformebs, romelTac xelisuflebaSi mosvlis Semdeg ganaxorcielebda. aqtiuri saarCevno samzadisi 1919 wlis ianvris TveSi daiwyo. partiebi amomrCevels arCevnebSi monawileobisaken mouwodebdnen. yoveli politikuri subieqti xazs usvamda, rom xalxis gada-
veqtori
sawyveti iyo qveynis momavali. „am dRes unda gadaswydes saqarTvelos bedi! Tqven TviTon unda gamosWedoT igi!“, werda oficiozuri „saqarTvelos respublika“. 1919 wlis damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebi saqarTvelos istoriaSi mravali niSniT Sevida. 15 partiis 600 kandidatidan sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis dakompleqtebis saSualeba 130-s mieca. parlamentSi yvelaze meti warmomadgeneli (102 mandati) social-demokratiul partias hyavda, federalistebma ki 9 mandatis mopoveba SeZles. yovelgvari kvotirebis gareSe sakanondeblo organoSi moxvdnen umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebi (23 deputati) da qalebi (5 deputati). aseve, qalebs pirvelad miecaT saSualeba arCevnebSi monawileobisa, rac uiSviaTesi movlena iyo im droindeli ganviTarebuli samyarosTvisac ki. istorikos dimitri silagaZis SefasebiT, pluralistuli iyo winasaarCevno garemo, arCevnebis dRe da Sedegebis daTvlis procesic. 1919 wlis damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebi iyo demokratiulobis is testi, romelic saqarTvelos axalgazrda respublikam Caabara.
1990 wlis saparlamento da 1991 wlis saprezidento arCevnebi bolSevikebis mier saqarTvelos pirveli respublikis damxobisa da sabWoTa 70-wliani batonobis Semdeg qveyanaSi saarCevno procesi 1990 wels ganaxlda. 28 oqtombers Catarebuli saparlamento arCevnebi umniSvnelovanesia saqarTvelos uaxles istoriaSi. mravalpartiul demokratiul arCevnebSi 14 politikuri partia monawileobda. uzenaesi sabWos arCevnebSi 125 mandati proporciuli siiT gaica, 125 - maJoritaruliT. deputatebi ki 5 wlis vadiT iqnen arCeuli. proporciuli siiT mandatebi mxold orma partiam, „mrgvali magida - Tavisufali saqarTvelom da komunisturma partiam miiRo. sabolood, sakanonmdeblo organo eqvsma partiam daakompleqta. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis mowveuli leqtoris, irina WumburiZis SefasebiT, es arCevnebi unikaluri iyo imiT, rom jer kidev sabWouri wyobis pirobebSi Catarda da masSi monawileobas komunisturi partiac iRebda: „saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebi ganmsWvaluli iyo erovnuli paTosiT. saerTo mizani iyo saqarTvelos damoukidebloba da Tavisufleba, am saqmes ki saTaveSi edgnen sazogadoebisTvis erovnul gmirebad Seracxuli zviad gamsaxurdia da merab kostava. swored es ganapirobebda mosaxleobis maRal CarTulobas saarCevno procesebSi“. maRali interesisa da CarTulobis damadasturebelia 1991 wlis saprezidento arCevnebi. gardamavali periodis saqarTveloSi prezidentis instituti iqna SemoRebuli, ramac politikaSi lideris roli gamokveTa. 26 maiss Catarebul arCevnebSi eleqtoratis 83%-ma miiRo monawileoba. mosaxleobam qveynis prezidentad zviad gamsaxurdia airCia. „mrgvali magida - Tavisufali saqarTvelos“ kandidatma 87,03% miiRo, rac 2 565 362 xmaa. saqarTvelos damoukideblobis istoriaSia arcerT saprezidento kandidats amxela mxardaWera ar hqonia. irina WumburiZis ganmartebiT, qarTveli xalxis ganwyoba cifrebsa da statistikaSi zustad aisaxa. amave periodis politikur garemoze dakvir-
vebiT igi sayuradRebo tendenciasac SeniSnavs: „politikaSi inteligencia CaerTo. mwerlebi Tu sxva sazogado moRvaweebi uzenaes sabWoSi partiuli siiT moxvdnen. mosaxleobis ndoba da mxardaWera maTdami maRali iyo. es tendencia 2000-iani wlebis bolomde gagrZelda, Tumca Semdgom etapze politikosis kardinalurad gansxvavebuli saxe Camoyalibda“.
saarCevno procesebi XX saukunis bolo aTwleulSi samoqalaqo gadatrialebis Sedegad saqarTveloSi legitimuri mTavroba daemxo. sigua-ioseliani-kitovanis triumviratis gadawyvetilebiT, maT mier Seqmnili „saxelmwifo sabWos“ xelmZRvanelad eduard SevardnaZe moiwvies. 1992 wlis 11 oqtombris saparlamento arCevnebiT moxda SevardnaZis legitimacia. amave arCevnebiT dakompleqtda istoriaSi yvelaze mravalpartiuli parlamenti, romelic 24 politikuri subieqtisgan Sedgeboda. es arCevnebi gamoirCeoda struqturuli TvalsazrisiTac, kerZod, Seqmnili iyo 10 mravalmandatiani saarCevno olqi. proporciuli kuTxiT, TiToeul amomrCevels sami xma hqonda, gamoiyeneboda sambaliani sistema. kvotebi da xmebi mravalmandatiani olqebis doneze dgindeboda. xmebis darCenili nawili prefenciis wesiT nawildeboda saerTo erovnul doneze. 1995 wlis 5 noembers erTdroulad Catarda saparlamento da saprezidento arCevnebi. konstituciis gardamavali debulebiT ganisazRvra Catarebis pirobebic: monawileobis ufleba hqonda im partias, romelic mxardamWerTa 50 000 xelmoweras warmoadgenda an konstituciis miRebis dRisTvis parlamentSi warmomadgeneli hyavda. 5 noembris Semdeg eduard SevardnaZis xelisufleba uSualod xalxis mier arCeuli gaxda. saparlamento arCevnebSi - „moqalaqeTa kavSirma“ gaimarjva, xolo prezidenti, xmaTa 74.04%-iT, swored SevardnaZe gaxda.
vardebis revolucia da vadamdeli arCevnebis precedenti 2003 wlis 23 noembers, eduard SevardnaZis gadadgomis Semdeg, qveyanam axal politikur realobaSi gaiRviZa. „vardebis revoluciis“ Sedegad saqarTveloSi xelisufleba Seicvala. gauqmda amave wlis 2 noembers Catarebuli arCevnebi da momdevno wlisTvis vadamdeli arCevnebis Catareba gadawyda. riggareSe saprezidento da saparlamento arCevnebisTvis ar iyo amomrCevelTa srulyofili baza, romelsac saarCevno komisia daeyrdnoboda. am mizniT, mosaxleobis registracia da saarCevno siebis formireba daiwyo. „vardebis revoluciis“ Semdeg qveynis prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili gaxda, saparlamento umravlesoba ki „erTianma nacionalurma moZraobam“ daakompleqta. 2007 wlis noemberSi, revoluciidan 4 wlis Tavze mosaxleoba kvlav quCaSi gamovida. opoziciuri speqtri xelisuflebis gadadgomas moiTxovda. 7 noembris mZime movlenebis Semdeg, situaciis ganmuxtvis mizniT, mixeil saakaSvili gadadga da vadamdeli saprezidento arCevnebis daniSvna isurva. qveyanaSi Catarebulma plebicistma ki natoSi gawevrianebasa da saparlamento arCevnebis gazafxulze Catarebas dauWira mxari. vadamdeli arCenebis Sedegad saakaSvilisa da „nacionaluri moZraobis“ xelisufleba kidev erTi vadiT gaxangrZlivda. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis mowveuli leqtoris, irina WumburiZis SefasebiT, qarTul politikur arenaze axali ti pis politikosi gamoCnda. qarizmatuli lideri, energiuli da oratoruli niWiT dajildoebuli. irina WumburiZis TqmiT, Seicvala politikuri komunikaciis xerxebi: damkvidrda musikaluri kli pebis kultura („miSa magaria“) saarCevno plakatebi da ba-
nerebi, politikuri reklama: „vardebis revoluciis“ Semdeg iwyeba politikis presonalizacia. wina planze modis lideris figura, misi warsuli, ojaxi, da iqmneba erTgvari imiji, romliTac xalxs warudgeba. mniSvnelovania, rom am stilis politikosze moTxovna Tavad sazogadoebas hqonda, amdenad dakveTis Sesabamisad Seicvala politikuri elitac“.
2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebi da mSvidobiani formiT Secvlili xelisufleba saqarTvelos istoriaSi pirvelad xelisufleba mSvidobianad Seicvala. mmarTvelobis sadaveebi „nacionalurma moZraobam“, arCevnebis gziT, „qarTul ocnebas“ gadasca. merve mowvevis parlamenti orpartiuli gaxda. aqedan daiwyo saqarTvelos politikuri sistemis polarizacia. 2016 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegad sakanonmdeblo organoSi mesame partiac moxvda „patriotTa aliansis“ saxiT. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom „alianss“ mkveTrad gamoxatuli memarjvene politikuri orientacia hqonda, saparlamento cxovreba gacilebiT saintereso gaxda. amave periodSi Seicvala saxelmwifoebrivi wyobac. saqarTvelo saprezidentodan saparlamento respublikad formirda, mTavrobis meTauri premierministri gaxda, SeizRuda prezidentis uflebamosilebebic. 2018 wels ki mosaxleobam bolojer airCia qveynis prezidenti da arCevani istoriuli aRmoCnda. salome zurabiSvili gaxda pirveli qali, romelmac es posti daikava. qveyanaSi jer kidev mimdinareobs 2020 wlis saparalamento arCevnebi. struqturuli TvalsazrisiT, igi Sereuli sistemiT tardeba. 150 mandatidan 120 proporciuli sistemiT gaicema, 30 ki - maJoritaruli olqebis safuZvelze. opozicia vadamdeli arCevnebis moTxovniT gamodis, partiebi meore turSi monawileobas ar apireben. SesaZloa qarTul saarCevno istoriaSi uprecedento SemTxveva dafiqsirdes da meaTe mowvevis parlamenti erTpartiuli iyos.
მარიამ ფრანგიშვილი
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ვექტორი საზოგადოებაზე
gamocxadebuli sikvdilis qronika saqarTveloSi bolo wlebSi avtoavariebis Sedegad daRupul adamianTa raodenoba 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi yvela stiqiis Sedegad daRupul adamianTa raodenobas aRemateba. dRes, msoflio rukaze, sagzao usafrTxoebis statistikis mixedviT, saqarTvelo e.w. „Sav wertilad“ aris moniSnuli. evropis masStabiT Cveni qveyana, avtosagzao SemTxvevebis raodenobiTa da gardacvlil adamianTa ricxviT pirvel adgils ikavebs. es problema saqarTvelos dRis wesrigSi wlebis manZilze dgas. saxelmwifosTvis sagangaSo statistikuri maCveneblebi maniSnebeli signali unda iyos da mTavar gamowvevad da prioritetul amocanad transportis politika, gansakuTrebiT ki, transportis usafrTxoebis komponenti unda gaxados. Sinagan saqmeTa saministros statistikis Tanaxmad, avtoavariis Sedegad, 2020 wlis ianvridan seqtembris CaTvliT saqarTveloSi 337 adamiani daiRupa. bolo sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi 1437 avtosagzao SemTxveva moxda, romlebzec sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 276-e muxliT gamoZieba daiwyo. qveyanaSi bolo sam TveSi avtoavariis Sedegad daSavda 2022 da daiRupa 134 adamiani. sapatrulo policiis departamentis samoqmedo teritoriaze avtoavariiT daRupulTagan 37 adamiani qveiTi iyo. avtoavariebma bolo sam TveSi imsxverpla 7 bavSvis sicocxle, xolo 2020 wlis ianvridan seqtembris CaTvliT – 17 bavSvis. sagangaSoa is, rom Sesabamisi organoebi da maTi warmomadgenlebi pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan aridebis mizniT, problemis mTavar mizezad moqalaqeebis dabal TviTSegnebasa da Zvel avtoparks asaxeleben. sinamdvileSi, aRniSnuli problemebi kanonmdeblobis farglebSia mosagvarebeli. civilizebul msoflioSi moqalaqeebis dabali TviTSegnebis amaRlebis erTaderT qmediT zomad Sesabamisi kanonebis miReba da maTi aRsrulebaa miCneuli. moqalaqis TviTSegnebis imedad sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacva arcerT qveyanaSi ar xdeba. dasavleTis sazogadoebam maRal yofiT kulturas swori kanonebisa da maTi efeqturi aRsrulebis Sedegad miaRwia. es arc saqarTvelosTvis ar aris Seusrulebeli misia. amis naTel magaliTs warmoadgens Cvens sazogadoebaSi ukve yovledRiur Cvevad qceuli Rvedis Sekvra. es arc sainformacio kampaniebis da arc moqalaqeebis TviTSegnebis asamaRlebeli saSualebebis Sedegia. es Sedegi kanonisa da jarimebis amoqmedebis Sedegad dadga. qarTveli kanonmdeblebi ki gzebze arsebul viTarebaze saubrisas xels ZiriTadad sazogadoebisken iSveren da acxadeben, rom avtoavariebis raodenobas verc policia da verc gamkacrebuli kanonmdebloba ver Seamcirebs manam, sanam moqalaqeebis cnobiereba ar amaRldeba.
kanonmdeblebis gancxadeba SesaZloa garkveulwilad marTebuladac miviCnioT. sazogadoebis sakmaod did nawilSi, gansakuTrebiT ki axalgazrdebSi, TiTqos, adrenalinis da eqstremaluri situaciebis mimarT ltolvis tendencia Camoyalibda. aseTi situaciebis gacnobierebulad Seqmna ki xSir SemTxvevaSi sakuTarTan erTad, sxvisi sicocxlis mospobiT sruldeba. amis magaliTad, samwuxarod, araerTi SemTxveva SegviZlia ganvixiloT. Tundac axlaxan, TeTriwyaros sofel axbulaxTan momxdari avtoavaria, romelsac 32 wlis qali emsxverpla. sikvdilamde erTi kviriT adre sakuTar socialur qselSi gamoqveynebuli statusi, samwuxarod realobad eqca. mis postSi 180 km/ sT siCqariT moZravi avtomobilis spidometris fotoa ganTavsebuli, Semdegi warweriT: „Tu am dros movkvdi, ar itiroT, me am dros vicini, vcekvav da magar xasiaTze var...“ avtomobilSi masTan erTad kidev sami adamiani imyofeboda, maT Soris ori mcirewlovani. Tuki saxelmwifos warmomadgeneli pirebi, aseTi ti pis ubedur SeTxvevebSi uSualod moqalaqeebs adanaSauleben, ra xdeba maSin, rodesac saqme gvaqvs avtokatastrofasTan. visi braleuloba ikveTeba am dros?! saqarTvelos bolo periodis yvelaze Semzaravi avtokatastrofa 23 agvistos, Satilis gzaze moxda. avtosagzao SemTxvevas 17 adamianis sicocxle emsxverpla, 3 ki mZimed daSavda. tragediidan ramdenime dRis Semdeg, ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis ministrma, naTia Turnavam meSaxteebis dRis milocvisas wiTeli xazi axsena. es xazi usafrTxoebis normebis dacvasTanaa gavlebuli da saxelmwifo mis gadakveTas ar apirebs, metic isini yvelafers gaakeTeben, rom meSaxteebis usafrTxoeba gazardon. ismis kiTxva, saxelmwifos mier dadgenili wiTeli xazi, romlis dacvac absoluturad yvelas evaleba, arsebobs Tu ara turizmis sferoSi?! faqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT am kiTxvaze pasuxi jerjerobiT bundovania. Satilis tragediis mTavar maprovocirebel mizezad mikroavtobusis gaumarTaoba saxeldeba. unda aRiniSnos, rom oficialur statistikaSi arcerT avtosagzao SemTxvevis gamomwvev mizezad avtomobilis teqnikuri gaumarTaoba ar dasaxelebula. rogorc wesi, xSirad mTeli pasuxismgebloba mZRolze gadadis xolme. am SemTxvevaSic aris imis varaudi, rom mTeli pasuxismgebloba mZRols daekisros, Tumca am saqmeSi bevri sxva garemoebaa gasaTvaliswinebeli. aRniSnul teritoriaze araniari damcavi, Semakavebeli barieri, jebiris saxiT, ar arsebobda. roca saqme gvaqvs momatebuli safrTxis mqone saavtomobilo gzasTan, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca iq saremonto-sareabilitacio samuSaoebi mimdinareobs, saxelmwifo valdebulia usafrTxoebis standartebi Tavad akontrolos. swored is unda uzrunvelyofdes yvela satransporto saSualebis mZRolis informirebas, imis Taobaze, rom aRniSnul adgilebSi minimumade Seamciron siCqare da adamianuri resursis gamoyenebiT maqsimalurad daicvan usafrTxoeba. aris Tu ara aseTi ti pis avtosagzao SemTxvevebSi konkretuli turistuli saagentoebi damnaSave? Tuki Tqven
sakmarisi dro ar gaqvT dasvenebisTvis da mcire drois farglebSi gsurT sakuTar Tavs minimogzauroba mouwyoT, aseT Sanss araerTi turistuli saagento mogcemT. nebismieri adamiani, vinc socialur qselSi romelime kompaniis SemoTavazebebs gadaxedavs, martivad aRmoaCens misTvis sasurvel erTdRian turs. rasakvirvelia, zogadad erTdRiani eqskursiebis mowinaaRmdege aravinaa da mis akrZalvasac aravin iTxovs, Tumca ramdenad marTebulia iseTi marSrutebis ganxorcieleba, romlebic sakmaod grZel, damRlel da rTul gzebs moicavs? TiToeulma turistulma kompaniam aseTi marSrutebis dasagegmad uamravi faqtori unda gaiTvaliswinos. gasaTvaliswinebelia dro, ra drosac mZRoli da mgzavrebi erTmaneTs xvdebian. xSir SemTxvevaSi es aris dilis saaTebi, rac imas niSnavs, rom mZRoli srulfasovnad gamoZinebuli ar aris. da Tuki mainc aseTi turebi aris erTdRiani, nebismier SemTxvevaSi, transportis samarTavad minimum ori mZRoli unda iyos gaTvlili. sakiTxSi ukeT gasarkvevad Cvens kiTxvebs saqarTvelos „transportisa da gzebis asociaciis“ xelmZRvanelma, daviT mesxiSvilma, upasuxa.
- rogor fiqrobT, ra aris saWiro imisaTvis, rom es problema aRmoifxvras? -amisTvis saWiroa swori, efeqtiani struqtura da sistemis sruli reorganizacia. jer kidev 2014-2015 wlebSi saqarTvelos msoflio bankis eqspertis, jin grinis, rekomendaciebi unda gaeTvaliswinebina. isini gvirCevdnen, saxelmwifos sagzao usafrTxoebaze gamoeyo struqtura, romelic statistikazec da Teoriul nawilzec imuSavebda, dagegmavda prevenciul da saganmanaTleblo RonisZiebebs. warmoidgineT, rom gvaqvs teqinspeqtireba da cnobierebis asamaRlebeli kampania ki ara. mosaxleoba ar aris informirebuli Tu ratom aris teqinspeqtireba saWiro. amiT imis Tqma minda, rom procesi sazogadoebis CarTulobis gareSe mimdinareobs. manam, sanam prevenciamde mivalT, prob-
- sad aris avtoavariis didi safrTxe da moxazulia Tu ara saqarTvelos satransporto rukaze e.w „Savi wertilebi“?
- saqarTveloSi Savi wertilebis uricxvi raodenoba gvaqvs. 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi Cveni moTxovniT kanonSi ganimarta, Tu ras niSnavs es termini. saqarTvelos mTagoriani reliefidan gamomdinare, Sss-s mier problematur monakveTebad iTvleba TiTqmis yvela maRlmTiani adgili, aseve kaxeTis gzatkecili, konkretulad, gza aeroportisken. aq aris uswormasworo gza da am teritoriaze araerTi avtomobili amobrunebula. e.w. „Savi wertilebis“ aRiareba aucilebelia. auditis samsaxuris daskvniT, amiT Cven SegviZlia 38%iT SevamciroT avtosagzao SemTxvevebis ricxvi.
- aqvs Tu ara moZvelebul avtomobilebs avtoavariebis mzrdad statistikaze gavlena? - Cveni avtoparki dResdReobiT 1 230 000-mde avtomobiliT aris warmodgenili da yovelwliurad misi raodenoba 8%-iT izrdeba. Cveni avtoparkis 91%-ze meti 10 welze ufro asakovani avtomobilebisgan Sedgeba. saerTaSoriso gamocdilebac aCvenebs, rom avtoavariebSi teqnikurad gaumarTavi avtomobilebis wili 20%-s Seadgens. Cvens realobaSi me ufro maRal procents vvaraudob. samwuxarod, amis zusti statistika ar arsebobs.
- vin aris am yvelaferze pasuxismgebeli da vis evaleba aRniSnuli sakiTxebis mogvareba? - dRes sagzao usafrTxoebaze politikis nawilSi, maT Soris saqalaqTaSoriso gadayvanebze, pasuxismgebelia ekonomikis saministro da masze daqve-
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mdebarebuli struqturebi, maT Soris saxmeleTo transportis saagento. saqarTvelos 2020 wels avtosagzao SemTxvevebi da maTSi gardacvlili moqalaqeebis raodenoba unda gaenaxevrebina, magram rogorc vxedavT, es piriqiT moxda. dRes moqmedi struqturebi am sferoSi gamowvevebs veRar pasuxoben.
lemis aRmosafxvrelad aucilebelia mis saTaves davubrundeT. yoveli ubeduri SemTxveva unda iyos gamafrTxilebeli signali, rom meored aRar ganmeoredes. es aris erTaderTi gamosavali. mxolod statistikaSi miTvlili ricxvebiT araferi ar Seicvleba. saxelmwifo valdebulia iseTi infrastruqtura Seqmnas, rom satransporto saSualebis teqnikuri gaumarTaobiT gamowveuli avtosagzao SemTxvevis Sedegebi minimumade davides. es iTvaliswinebs Semakavebli barierebis da sxvadasxva damcavi saSualebis e.w. „Sav wertilebSi“ ganlagebas. ra Tqma unda, avtosagzao SemTxvevebis raodenobas ver SevamcirebT, radgan es aris garkveuli mocemuloba da msoflios masStabiT avtosagzao SemTxvevebi xdeba, magram sagangaSo sikvdilianobis maCveneblia. Tuki amas ar SevcvliT, saqarTvelos gzebze moZraoba gamocxadebul sikvdilis qronikas sul ufro metad daemsgavseba.
სალომე შატბერაშვილი
veqtori
ვექტორი საზოგადოებაზე
aqtivizmi - rogorc axalgazrdobis xma aqtivizmi - maRali samoqalaqo pasuxismgebloba Tu ubralod moCvenebiTi swrafva wesrigisaken? rodesac Cven vsaubrobT aqtiur moqalaqeze, vsaubrobaT adamianze, romelsac sruliad miukerZoebladac gaazrebuli aqvs, ramxela mniSvnelobisaa misi, rogorc individis CarTuloba sazogadoebriv sakiTxebSi. aseTi adamianebi qmnidnen, qmnian da Seqmnian iseT sazogadoebriv jgufebs, romlebic CarTulni arian sakuTari da, aqedan gamomdinare, saxelmwifos realobis SecvlaSi, TavianTi elementaruli TviTgamoxatvis formebiT. aqtiur moqalaqeze saubrisas TavisTavad unda aRiniSnos isic, rom adamiani dabadebidanve irCevs da uCndeba survili, iyos an aqtiuri an pasiuri mTeli cxovrebis manZilze. Sesabamisad, aqtiur moqalaqeebTan erTad, Tanacxovroben iseTi pasiuri adamianebic, romlebsac naklebad uCndebaT survili, CarTulni iyvnen sazogadoebriv procesebSi da Tavs arideben am pasuxismgeblobas. aseve SesaZlebelia saxelmwifo aiZulebdes maT, rom ar dasvan zedmeti kiTxvebi. mTavari ganaxvaveba am or cnebas Soris aris is, rom erTis SemTxvevaSi adamiani elodeba, Tu rodis Seicvleba saxelmwifo mis gareSe, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi is yvelanairad cdilobs CarTuli iyos saxelmwifo mowyobis sakiTxebsa da cvlilebebSi. aqtivizmi iRviZebs maSin, rodesac odnavi protesti gviCndeba raimes mimarT, magram igi araferia, Tu aqtiurad ara iqna gamoxatuli. saqarTvelo aris saxelmwifo, romelSic dRemde arsebobs mentaluri, politikuri da socialuri barierebi, romelic mniSvnelovnad xelisSemSlelia maRali samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis mqone sazogadoebisTvis. amis miuxedavad, istoriaSi bevri faqtia imisa, rodesac adamianTa msgavsma gaerTianebam realoba sakuTari interesebisken moabruna da Secvala. Cvens qveyanaSi aqtivizmi ZiriTadad gaigivebulia politikasTan, rac iwvevs protests, quCaSi aqciebs da moqalaqeTa reaqcias saxelmwifos mier Seqmnil da ignorirebul problemze. sabolood, is mainc erTianobis, demokratiuli procesebis ganviTarebis da winsvlis aucilebeli winapirobaa. 1989 wlis 10 aprils maSin, rodesac aqciebi ZaladobaSi gadaizarda, daiRupa 16 samoqalaqo piri. analitikuri moxsenebis erT-erTi avtori komentaris saxiT aRniSnavda, rom miuxedavad samxedro Zalis gamoyenebisa, es tragedia did gavlenas iqoniebda qarTvelTa miswrafebebze da irgvliv ufro meti mxardamWeris Semokrebaze. am periodSi saqarTvelos istoriaSi axali furceli gadaiSala da, marTlac, didi cvlilebebi ganxorcielda protestis gamoxatvis kuTxiT. iuri meCiTovis cnobili kadri - axalgazrda qali droSiT 9 aprilis erTgvari saxe-xatia, romelic erT-erTi yvelaze dramatuli da emociuri kadria dRemde qarTveli xalxisTvis. uyureb da TiTqos xedav anTebul gulebs, es momenti ki yvelanairad epo-
dRiani patimrobiT grZeldeba. giorgi JorJoliani - 20 wlis, samoqalaqo aqtivisti.
- Tqveni azriT, ras gulisxmobs samoqalaqo aqtivizmi? სამოქალაქო აქტივიზმი არის, დააფიქსირო შენი აზრი ყველგან და არ მოგერიდოს ამის, რა თემაზეც არ უნდა იყოს საუბარი. სწორად გამოხატო შენი პროტესტი სხვადასხვა საკითხის მიმართ.
- saqarTveloSi rogoria misi ganviTareba? ra xerxebiT cdilobs samoqalaqo sazogadoeba yoveldRiuri realobis Secvlas? - saqarTveloSi samoqalaqo aqtivizmis pirveli niSnebi maxsendeba sabWoTa kavSiris dros, roca adamianebis sityvas fasi ar hqonda, ar gvqonda damoukidebloba, ufro sworad ver viyaviT damoukideblebi da am periodSi adamianebi cdilobenen samoqalaqo aqtivizmis popularizacias miwisqveSeTidan, iqneboda es publikaciebi, gazeTebi Tu xalxSi TavianTi SesaZleblobebiT msgavsi cxovrebis stilisgavrceleba. დღეს სამოქალაქო აქტივიზმი, ალბათ საქართველოს ისტორიაში ყველაზე კარგ მდგომარეობაშია, რადგან ყველაზე დიდი თავისუფლება და ძალა დღეს სიტყვას აქვს. Cemi azriT, es faqtori gadamwyvetia, rom aqtivizmi nel-nela ufro mZlavrad imkvidrebs Tavs Cvens sazogadoebaSi.
- rogorc samoqalaqo aqtivists, ra zogad daTmobebze SegiZliaT wasvla?
qaluri mniSvnelobis aRmoCnda. msgavs procesebSi gansakuTrebiT wina flangze iweven axalgazrdebi, studentebi, romelTa aqtivizms ZiriTadad politikuri da socialuri kritikis saxe aqvs. „sircxvilia“- samoqalaqo moZraobaa, romelic Tavisuflebisa da adamianis uflebebisTvis ibrZvis. maTi mTavari bolo erTwliani uwyveti protesti qarTuli ocnebis winaaRmdeg 2019 wlis 20-21 ivnisis Rames daiwyo, rodesac saqarTvelos ruseTis dumis komunisturi partiis deputati, sergei gavrilovi ewvia. isini dRemde agrZeleben protests sxvadasxva RonisZiebis saxiT. magaliTad, fotogamofena da stendi parlamentTan - „#rom ara putini me cocxali viqnebodi“, „7 agvisto - 11 weli rusuli agresiidan“. maT 412 adamianis xsovnis pativsacemad saqarTvelos droSis ferebSi 412 buSti gauSves. isini dRemde agrZeleben am da sxva saxis gamosvlebs rac xSirad maTi dakavebiT, administraciuli wesiT dasjiT an ramdenime
veqtori
- saqarTveloSi iyo aqtiuri moqalaqe da Seexo mwvave Temebs, albaT udris imas, rom qarTuli xelisufleba mogiqsevs trolebs, botebs da SeiZleba saerTod gagaSavon, Tavmoyvareoba Segilaxon, rasac, marTalia, bevri ver uZlebs, magram, Cemi azriT,, zustad esaa daTmoba, rom unda aitano msgavsi saxis sruliad uazro Semotevebi, imitom rom azri ar aqvs gamoekido maT. თუ გინდა, იყო ნამდვილი ადამიანი, რომელიც რაღაცას ცვლის, ბოლომდე უნდა „მიაწვე” და არ დანებდე.
- ras iTxovs yvelaze metad dRes qarTveli axalgazroba? rogorc viciT, am sivrceSi axalgazrdebi da studentTa jgufebi metadaa CarTuli.
qveyanaSi sadac iyo 9 aprili, iyvnen iunkerebi da a.S., romlebic TavisuflebisTvis ibrZodnen, damoukideblobisTvis.
ქვეყანაში ყველაზე მთავარი და მნიშვნელოვანია, რომ შევინარჩუნოთ თავისუფლება რადაც არ უნდა დაგვიჯდეს.
- aqtiur moqalaqeebs Tu aqvT realuri Sansebi raimes Secvlis? - marto msgavsi adamianebis CarTulobam ara mgonia didad rame Secvalos, ar vambob, rom gadamwyveti araa. მაგრამ საბოლოოდ მაინც ერთ აზრამდე მისვლაა მთავარი, ყველა პოლიტიკოსი, მშრომელი, გლეხი უნდა იყოს ერთიანი. მხოლოდ ერთიანობით შევძლებთ, რომ დღევანდელი რეალობა შევცვალოთ.
- magaliTis moyvana Tu SegiZliaT, roca Tqvenma CarTulobam, ra Tqma unda, bevr sxva adamianTan erTad, raime Sedegi mainc gamoiRo? - wina wels qarTveli xalxis erTad dgomiT mivediT im azramde, rom yvelas erTi da igive ram gvindoda. msgavsi erTianobiT mivaRwieT imas, rom arCevnebis Catarebis wesSi cvlileba Sevida. rogorc ukve mravaljer aRiniSna, mTavaria aqtiuroba, rac gamoxatuli iqneba konkretuli adamianebis mier. rac ufro farTo masStabebiT gavyvebiT sxvadasxva sakiTxs, miT ufro vizrunebT jansaR garemoSi cxovrebaze. Cven mier gadadgmul nabijs, energias da gamoyofil dros, SesaZlebelia, momavalSi iseTi cvlilebebi moyves, rac gadamwyvetic aRmoCndes Semdegi TaobebisTvis. es qveyana yvelasia da rac ufro metad gaviTavisebT pasuxismgeblobas, rom saxelmwifo Sendeba TiToeuli individis CarTulobiT da arcerTis gamoklebiT, miT metad axlos viqnebiT sasurvel realobasTan. moqalaqe aris RirebulebaTa sistema da ara ubralod mocemuloba, romelsac valdebulebad akisria raimeSi CaerTos. win kidev Sori da xangrZlivi gzaa, gza romelic sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg nel-nela metad xilvadi xdeba da arcaa gasakviri, dRes Tu yvelaferi mowodebis doneze araa. yvelafers sWirdeba garkveuli dro Cven ki swori gziT mivdivarT.
მარიამ კვიკვინია
- diax da es yvelaferi ganapirobebs imas, ra realobaSic dRes varT, rogorc ukve aRvniSne, axla aqtivizmi istoriis pikSia da, Cemi azriT, yvelaze kargi periodi udgas, radgan sityvis Tavisufleba axla yvelaze metad aris moTxovnadi. samwuxaroa, rom Sedareba gviwevs, magram sityvis Tavisufleba bolomde daculi ar aris, viRac-viRacebi cudad da borotad axSoben mas. ai, bolos, maxsovs dijeis daWera, romelic aqciaze ukravda, es iyo udidesi sircxvili. sxva ra vuwodo, ar vici, magram mainc ver vityvi, rom gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis mxriv, rTulad gvaqvs saqme.
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ვექტორი საზოგადოებაზე
ratom ori da ara aTi?! adamiani dabadebidan sicocxlis bolomde gadis TviTganviTarebis gzas da cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba TiToeul Cvenganze efeqtur gavlenas axdens. amboben, adamiani erTxel ibadebao, amitomac samarTliani iqneba, rom yvelas iseTi garemoeba hqondes, Tavi srulfasovan individad igrZnos. arseboben jgufebi, romlebsac TiTqos genetikurad dasdevT socialuri gariyva anu is, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania srulfasovani cxovrebisTvis. bunebaSi yvelas sWirdeba gverdiT myofi, vinme an rame, gansakuTrebiT ki adamians, radgan is socialuri arsebaa. msoflioSi oTxi adamianidan erTs fsiqikuri janmrTelobis problema aqvs. arc Cveni qveyanaa gamonaklisi. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetSi, jandacvaze gamoyofil danaxarjebSi, fsiqiatriaze saxelmwifo danaxarjebis wili, 2009 wlis monacemebiT, 3,5%-ia. gegma pirveli: 2019 wels mediaSi gavrcelda informacia, rom igegmeboda ori farToprofiluri fsiqiatriuli saavadmyofos aSeneba, Tumca niusi niusad darCa. STabeWdileba rCeba, rom moqalaqeTa umravlesoba da maT Soris xelisuflebac, amas arcTu ise mniSvnelovan problemad miiCnevs. ararsebuli fsiqiatriuli saavadmyofoebis gamo, adamianebi, romlebsac aqvT fsiqikuri janmrTelobis problema, Zalian rTul gzas gadian. stigmatizirebul pirTa ricxvi yoveldRe izrdeba da es araa umniSvnelo ram. Tamamad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom stigmis warmoSobis ZiriTadi mizezi ganaTlebis nakleboba, arainformirebulobaa. SesaZloa adamians problemad ara sakuTari janmrTelobis mdgomareoba, aramed yoveldRiuri cxovreba moeCvenos da aman iseT le-
talur Sedegebamde miiyvanos, rogorebicaa: suicidi, sxeulis TviTdazianeba da a.S. gavixsenoT pekinze momxdari ubeduri SemTxveva, rodesac fsiqikuri problemis mqone qalbatonma mcirewlovan bavSvs saxe dausaxiCra. ra Tqma unda, Zaladobas yvelanairad vemijnebi da am faqtma CemSic sibrazisa da dauokebeli dasjis survili gamoiwvia, Tumca ambavs sxva kuTxiTac SevxedoT: saxelmwifoSi, sadac normaluri pirobebis mqone fsiqiatriuli dawesebuleba ar arsebobs, sadac ombudsmeni gancxadebebSi Sesabamis uwyebebs mouwodebs, rom am dargs yuradReba mieqces, sadac fsiqikuri problema did sircxvilad iTvleba da sazogadoebisgan gariyvasTan aris kavSirSi, SeiZleba Tu ara es adamiani damnaSaveze metad msxverplad CaiTvalos? gaumarTavi sistemis msxverplad. im sistemis, romelic xalxze, ganurCevlad sqesisa, rasisa Tu fsiqikuri mdgomareobisa, unda zrunavdes da maT saarsebo minimums akmayofilebdes. gegma meore: imave niusSi vkiTxulobT, rom ,,fsiqikuri aSlilobis mqone pacientebis mimarT arsebuli stigmis problemis mosagvareblad igegmeba aqtiuri kampaniis Catareba, rom sazogadoeba maT mimarT tolerantuli gaxdes.’’ aseTi saxis kampania misasalmebelia, radgan sazogadoebas am sakiTxis mimarT cnobiereba aumaRldes, rac, rogorc ukve aRvniSne, gamoiwvevs stigmatizirebul adamianTa naklebobas. vfiqrob, am adamianTa socialuri sikvdili gamowveulia sazogadoebaSi Canergili usafuZvlo SiSisgan, TiTqos isini damnaSaveebi arian an yvelasTvis safrTxes warmoadgenen. vfiqrob, am azris CamoyalibebaSi mediasac miuZRvis wvlili. rodesac gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT Cadenili danaSaulebebis gaSuqebisas Jurnalistebis umravlesobas aqvs kiTxva: ,,hqonda Tu ara damnaSaves fisiqikuri problemebi?“ faqtebi amtkicebs, rom fsiqikuri
problemebis mqone pirebi ZiriTadad TviTdazianebisken arian midrekilni. rogorc yvelanair janmrTelobis problemas, ise fsiqikur janmrTelobasac aqvs stadiebi, etapebi da Sesabamisi gamovlinebebi. amitomac aucilebelia ,,profesionalTa palata’’, rom moxdes diagnozis sworad dasma da Sesabamisad mkurnaloba. Tumca, amis saSualeba saqarTveloSi, samwuxarod, jer-jerobiT ar arsebobs. saqarTvelos biujetidan gamoyofili Tanxis Sesabamisad, gasakviri araa, rom Cven ar gvaqvs normaluri adgilebi, sadac msgavsi problemebis mqone adamianebi reabilitacias gaivlian. bevr msgavs dawesebulebaSi adgilebi aRaraa. maT umravlesobaSi beneficiarebi upatronod arian mibarebulni. zogan ki fsiqikuri problemebis mqone adamianebTan erTad, usaxlkaroebs uwevT cxovreba. mkurnalobis meTodebi ZiriTadad gulisxmobs preparatiuls, iSviaTad SexvdebiT Terapiuls. saxelmwifo dafinansebis qveS myof dawesebulebebSi mdgomareoba metad mZimea, vidre kerZo seqtoris dawesebulebebSi, Tumca es did saxsrebTanaa dakavSirebuli da rigiTi adamianebisTvis miuwvdomelia. jandacvis saministros oficialur vebgverdze naTlad weria, rom moxucebulTa TavSesafrebSic ki iseT adamianebs ver miiReben, visac fsiqikuri problemebi aqvs. es da kidev sxva mravali darRveva qmnis suraTs, rom TiTqos mgavsi problemebis mqone adamianebi saxelmwifosgan mitovebulni arian. msoflios ganviTarebuli qveynebis liderebi da medikosebi erTxmad aRiareben, rom fsiqikuri problemebi ganaCeni ar aris. swori midgomebiTa da saWiro dawesebulebebiT SesaZlebelia am problemis mogvareba, Tumca, rogorc Cans, ganviTarebuli samyaros xma Cvens xelisuflebasTan gvian an ,,ver“ modis. mediis uaxles istorias Tu gadavxedavT, SevxvdebiT araerT gadacemas, siuJets Tu dokumentur masalas, romlebic
am problemebis mqonde adamianTa dRevandel mdgomareobas asaxavs. Cem mier ganxiluli ,,niusi’’ pirveli ar iyo da vimedovneb, rom ukanaskneli namdvilad iqneba. yovelwliurad qarTul gazeTebsa Tu onlaingamocemebSi Cndeba statia Semdegi saTauriT: ,,saqarTveloSi fsiqiatriuli saavadmyofo Sendeba“, Tumca Sedegi aravis unaxavs. es aris problema, romelic yuradRebas namdvilad imsaxurebs. aucilebelia raime saxis kampania Catardes, rac sazogadoebas faqtebis sworad aRqmaSi daexmareba. Cemi azriT, es stigmaze gavlenas iqoniebs. ,,ratom ori da ara aTi?“ aseT komentars wavawydi aRniSnuli niusis komentarebSi da, vfiqrob, aqcenti sworad aris dasmuli. aucilebelia, rom mTavrobis mier dagegmili moqmedebebi adamianTa droebiT sixaruls ar emsaxurebodes da realurad iqnas realizebuli.
ლაშა ვანიშვილი
silamaze, rogorc aucilebloba silamazis standartebs versad gaveqceviT, isini Cven irgvlivaa mimofantuli, banerebze, ekranebze, Jurnalebis garekansa da maT furclebze. isini arseboben da qmnian garemos, sadac warmodgenil idealTan SejibrebaSi Cveni sxeuli unda davamarcxoT da gvZuldes. garegnobis Sesaxeb stereotipebs SesaZloa imaze didi gavlena hqondes Cvens cxovrebaze, vidre es erTi SexedviT Cans. rogoria silamazis standartebi qalebisTvis da ra moTxovnebs uwesebs sazogadoeba maT sxeulebs?! ra mniSvnelobis matarebeli SeiZleba iyos stereotipebi garegnobis Sesaxeb?! pirvel rigSi, saWiroa ganvsazRvroT, Tu rogor iqmneba silamazis standartebi da ratom ganzogaddeba igi qalTa mTel jgufze. zogadad silamazis aRqmisa da mowonebis asaxsnelad, fsiqologebi miiCnevdnen, rom adamianTaTvis mimzidvelia is, rac misi TvalisTvisaa nacnobi. am mosazrebis gansamtkiceblad, erT-erT klasikur eqsperimentSi monawile pirebs sTxoves, SeefasebinaT maTi pirdapiri da sarkisebuli gamosaxuleba. Sedegad, monawileTa statistikurad mniSvnelovanma umravlesobam CaTvala, rom ukeTesad sarkisebul gamosaxulebaSi gamoiyurebodnen. savaraudod amis mizezi swored is iyo, rom sakuTar Tavs yvelaze xSirad isini sarkeSi xedavdnen. albaT, standartebi garegnobaze msgavsad formulirdeba. silamazis industriaSi damkvidrebuli qalis sxeulis xati yvelgan gvxvdeba, TvalisaTvis swored es gamosaxulebaa nacnobic, misaRebic
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da mSvenieric. ase yalibdeba silamazis erTgvarovani gageba, romelsac Tavisdauneburad yvela cdilobs moergos. swored am mcdelobis Sedegia nebismier mocemulobaSi sakuTari sxeuliT ukmayofilebis SegrZneba. amitomaa, rom gamxdaria Tu „putkuna“ Cveni sxeuli, didia Tu ptara Cveni cxviri, yvelas gvZuls sakuTari garegnoba. am mosazrebas exmianeba Jurnal „vogis“ mier ramdenjerme gameorebuli socialuri eqsperimentic, sadac sxvadasxvanairi sxeulis mqone qali irgebda erTsa da imave kabas da saubrobda, Tu rogor grZnobda Tavs am samosSi. yvela sxvadasxvanairi sxeulis mqone monawilesTvis misi sxeulis erTi nawili mainc miuRebeli aRmoCnda, akompleqsebdaT zedmetad gamxdari fexebi, an piriqiT, Warbi wona, wvrili, andac ganieri weli da ase Semdeg. rogorc Cans, „WeSmaritad lamazi“ Zalian konkretuli cnebaa, yovlismomcvel parametrebze dafuZnebuli.
bolo dros gansakuTrebiT aqtiur ganxilvis sagnad qalis sxeulidan Tmis moSorebis tendencia iqca. faqtia, am standartze morgebisaTvis qalebi Zlisxmevas ar iSureben. amis mizezi, albaT, isaa, rom xSirad arasasurveli Tmis moSoreba gasaRebulia, rogorc higienuri aucilebloba, sisufTavis gamoxatuleba. gamocemam “CNN style” 2020 wlis 4 marts gamoqveyvebuli statia mTlianad am Temas miuZRvna, saTauriT „Why women feel pressured to shave”. statiis mTavari mizania „saukuneebis siRrmeSi“ saTaurSive dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxi i povos da daamtkicos, rom sxeulis Tmis moSorebis aucilebloba higienurze metad, socialurad damkvidrebuli normaa. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa koreis magaliTi, romelic statiaSia moyvanili: „koreaSi ki, boqvenis Tma didi xnis manZilze qalis reproduqciuli da seqsualuri sijansaRis dasturad miiCneoda. es warmodgena imdenad fesvgadgmuli iyo,
rom 2010-iani wlebis Sua periodSic ki, zogierTi koreeli qali boqvenis Tmas damatebiT inergavda kidec“ (Marianna Cerini, CNN). am faqtma gviCvena, rom orive SemTxvevaSi qalTa qceva swored saerTo azrs daeqvemdebara. qalTa garegnobis irgvliv arsebul stereoti pebs sakmarisia davupirispiroT kacebis mRelvareba sxeulTan mimarTebaSi da calsaxa gaxdeba, rom arsebuli standartebi, Tavis mxriv, aZlierebs qalebis jgufis irgvliv arsebul sxva kliSeebsac. uamravi mamakaci ganicdis, rom ar arian sakmarisad dakunTulebi da standartebTan SedarebiT moculobiT patarani arian. maSin, roca qalebisTvis silamazis Tanamedrove standartebi „dramatul sigamxdres“ moiazrebs. anu, orive mxare Relavs sxeulis qalurobisa da mamakacurobis im aspeqtebze, romlebic mianiSnebs da
xazs usvams bunebriv, biologiur gansxvavebebs sqesTa Soris da miakuTvnebT maT winaswar gansazRvrul rolebs. mamakacebs Zlier, gavlenian, xolo qalebs sust, damorCilebul obieqtebad. aRmoCnda, rom rac ufro Tanaswori gaxda sajaro sferoSi kacebisa da qalebis moRvaweoba, miT ufro gaizarda moTxovna silamazis standartebis im aspeqtebze, romlebic xazs usvams sqesTa Soris biologiur gansxvavebebs. maS, vaRiaroT, rom silamazis standartebi sociumis mier damkvidrebuli normebia, romlebic miznad isaxavs qalis universaluri xati Seqmnas da silamazis mxolod erTgvari gageba daamkvidros. amis sapirispirod ki gviyvardes sakuTari sxeuli da garegnoba iseTi, rogoric aris. მაგდა კოპალეიშვილი
veqtori
ვექტორი ჯანმრთელობაზე
rogor ebrZvian uxilav mters baTumis respublikur saavadmyofoSi baTumis respublikuri saavadmyofo - mTavari kovidmimRebi centri aWaraSi. adgili, sadac yvelaze meti inficirebuli pacienti mkurnalobs, adgili, sadac asobiT pacienti gamojanmrTelda da adgili, sadac am dromde yoveldRiurad 200-ze meti adamiani ibrZvis sicocxlisTvis. Soridan yvelaferi imaze gacilebiT martivi Cans, vidre realuradaa. 1 saaTis gatareba reanimaciul ganyofilebaSi sakmarisia imisTvis, rom daafaso sicocxle, daafaso eqimebi da mixvde, Tu raoden mniSvnelovania TiToeuli Cvenganis pasuxismgebloba da TviTSegneba, raTa virusi ar gavrceldes, vinaidan erTma daukvirveblobam da minimalurma upasuxismgeblobam, iseTi rogoricaa, magaliTad, pirbadis arasworad gakeTeba, SesaZloa, sxvisi sicocxle Seiwiros. giyvebiT 3-saaTiani mogzaurobis Sesaxeb, romelmac Cemi virusisadmi da medikosebisadmi damokidebuleba radikalurad Secvala. giyvebiT Tu ra xdeba boqsirebul palatebsa da kovidreanimaciebSi, rogor muSaoben eqimebi da rogoria uxilav mterTan xiluli brZola. vidre medikosebi ,,frontis xazisken’’ kovid-19-is winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad gaeSurebian, aucilebelia momzadeba. pirbade, xelTaTmanebi, saTvale da e.w skafandrebi - es aucilebeli pirobaa, rom eqimebi maqsimalurad daculebi iyvnen. respublikuri saavadmyofos 5 sarTulze 100-ze meti boqsirebuli palataa, pirvel da meore sarTulze ki kovidreanimaciaa ganTavsebuli, sadac yvelaze mZime pacientebi mkurnaloben. ras niSnavs „mZime pacienti“? mZime pacientebad movixseniebT maT, visac virusi SedarebiT rTul formebSi aqvT. garTulebul simptomebSi ki sunTqvis mwvave ukmarisoba, maRalprocentiani pnevmonia, maRali temperatura, Zlieri xvela da Zlieri saerTo sisuste moiazreba. am yvelafers SesaZloa Tanmdevi qronikuli daavadebebic daematos, rac pacientis mdgomareobas kidev ufro sayuradRebos xdis. amJamad respublikuri saavadmyofos reanimaciul ganyofilebaSi 50-mde pacienti mkurnalobs, maT Soris arian rogorc asakovani, ise axalgazrda pacientebi. reanimaciul ganyofilebaSi inficirebulTa umravlesoba marTviT sunTqvazea. maT gansakuTrebuli yuradReba esaWiroebaT, Sesabamisad, medikosebic 24-saaTian reJimSi muSa-
veqtori
oben. eqimebs, maT TanaSemwe umcros eqimebs, romelTa umetesobac studentebi arian, Tumca profesionalurad muSaoben, arc daRla etyobaT, arc sevda, maTi Tvalebidan mxolod sicocxlis naperwkali moCans. aucileblad aRsaniSnavia, pacientebisa da eqimebis urTierToba, erT-erTma inficirebulma, romelic ukve or kviraze metia, rac reanimaciul ganyofilebaSia, eqimebs „RmerTebi“ uwoda. rTulia, roca xedav, Tu rogor itanjeba adamiani da verafers Sveli. rTulia, daamtkico virusis Zala, romelic uxilavia. amis miuxedavad, „TeTrxalaTiani angelozebi“ mainc bolomde agrZeleben brZolas, bolomde ebrZvian uxilav mters, rom adamianis sicocxle gadaarCinon. maTTvis yvelaze rTuli pacientis gardacvalebaa, yvelaze didi bedniereba ki - reanimaciuli ganyofilebidan pacientis gawera - pacienti, romelic ver sunTqavda, ver laparakobda da ver Wamda, uceb SesaZloa isev ,,gacocxldes’’. eqimebi amboben, rom es ara marto maTi, aramed uflis wyalobacaa. ar vici, zogs ar sjera RmerTis da es misi uflebaa, magram faqtia, rom arsebobs raRac zebunebrivi Zala, romelic maT uSret energiasa da gamZleobas aZlevs, SesaZloa es Zala
profesiis siyvarulia, vinaidan SeuZlebelia siyvarulis gareSe akeTo is, rasac boqsirebul palatebsa da reanimaciebSi akeTeben. pacients mxolod mkurnaloba ara, movlac sWirdeba, yoveldRiurad wmenda, davarcxna, Cacma, gamocvla da ase Semdeg. amas yvela ver SeZlebs. vaxsene studentebi, romlebic mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi pacientebs Tavs dastrialeben, yvelas saxeli da gvari ician da erTi SexedviT xvdebian, ra uWirT da ra undaT maT ,,bavSvebs’’. ar minda avadmyofebi vuwodo maT, reanimaciaSi pacientebi bavSvebiviT arian, romlebsac damoukideblad arseboba ar SeuZliaT. ucnauri sanaxavia, roca 80 wlis bebos an babus 20 wlis patara, jer kidev gamoucdeli gogona an biWi nemss ukeTebs an efereba. ekiTxeba- ,,aba, bebo, xom xar kargad?’’- da maTi Tvalebic TiTqos ufro naTdeba, laparaki ar SeuZliaT, TvalebiT amboben yvelafers. am TvalebiT naTqvami sityvebis amokiTxva ki mxolod maT ,,RmerTebs’’, am SemTxvevaSi „patara“ eqimebs SeuZliaT. mas Semdeg, rac yvela pacients moinaxuleben, onlain leqcias eswrebian-iqve, kovid reanimaciaSi, Tan Soridan akvirdebian pacientebs, Tan leqciebs usmenen. yvelaze mZime ki maTTvis damarcxebaa. albaT, zog adamians hgonia, rom eqimebi amdeni sikvdilis naxvis Semdeg mas eCvevian, Tumca ase araa-yoveli momdevno pacientis dakargva analogiur tkivils iwvevs. amis miuxedavad brZola grZeldeba, dRemde, am wuTebSic ibrZvian da mTavari is aris, rom yvelas gamarjvebis imedi aqvs. aseTi ambebia respublikuri saavadmyofos reanimaciul ganyofilebaSi. arsebobs Terapiuli ganyofilebac, sadac SedarebiT ufro msubuqi simptomatikis pacientebi mkurnaloben. aseulobiT pacienti danomril boqsirebul palatebSi 8 an 14 dRes atarebs. temperatura, xvela, saerTo sisuste-simptomebi igivea, Tumca gansxvavebuli simZimis. respublikuri saavadmyofos Terapiul ganyofilebaSi amJamad 200-mde inficirebuli pacienti mkurnalobs, adgilebi, faqtobrivad, aRar aris, rodesac erTi pacienti tovebs klinikas, erT wamSi mis adgils meore pacienti ikavebs. TiTo sarTuls 1 mTavari da 3 damxmare eqimi kurirebs. yoveldRiurad Camouvlian TiToeul pacients da Sesabamisad mkurnaloben, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ki pacienti Tavad eZaxis eqims oTaxSi arsebuli Rilakis saSualebiT. boqsirebul palataSi xan 1, xanac ki 2 pacientia moTavsebuli. yvela maTgans erTi mizani aqvs-droulad datovos palata da ukan arasdros dabrundes. baTumis respublikuri saavadmyofo 1-li ivnisidan CaerTo kovid-19- is winaaRmdeg brZolaSi, yvela palata amJamad savsea. bolo erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi erTi dRec ki ar gasula romelime pacientis gardacvalebis gareSe, rac imas niSnavs, rom viTareba sakmaod
daZabulia, aris medikosebis deficitic, vinaidan klinikaSi, rogorc ukve aRvniSne, sakmaod bevri studentia da inficirebulTa rigebSi bevr eqimsac i poviT. aseTi viTareba SeiniSneba ara mxolod baTumis respublikur saavadmyofoSi, aramed zogadad qveyanaSic. medikosebisa da sawolebis deficiti SesaZloa jer ar iyos, Tumca faqtia, rom nel-nela uxilav mterTan brZola kidev ufro rTuldeba. amas amtkicebs isic, rom qveyana e.w „lokdaunisTvis“ emzadeba, Tumca saxelmwifo maqsimalurad Tavs aridebs amas, vinaidan qveynis ekonomika morig „lokdauns“ ver gauZlebs. amitomac moqmedebs wertilovani SezRudvebi, romelsac umetesoba ar icavs, imis miuxedavad, rom qveyanaSi dReSi 3000-ze meti inficirebuli gvyavs, adamianebi mainc ar icaven im wertilovan SezRudvebs, romlebic ukve TiTqmis 1 Tvea moqmedebs, aseTia Tundac komendantis saaTi. aqciebi mniSvnelovania da yvela valdebulia, rom sakuTari xma da ufleba daicvas, Tumca janmrTeloba yvelaze mniSvnelovani unda iyos TiToeuli adamianisTvis. amaSi mas Semdeg davrwmundi, rac Tavad vixile reanimaciuli ganyofileba. mxolod 3 saaTiT, gansazRvruli droiT movxvdi iq da es sakmarisi aRmoCnda imisTvis, rom kidev ufro damefasebina, rogorc Cemi, ise sxvisi janmrTeloba, radgan qveyana axla kritikul mdgomareobaSi da pikur periodSia, mniSvnelovania TiToeuli adamianis TviTSegneba. swored axlaa is dro, roca Cvenc unda CaverToT uxilav mterTan brZolaSi. marTalia, vaqcina ar arsebobs, magram unda vibrZoloT imiT, rac gagvaCnia. es aris pirbade - erTaderTi ,,fari’’, romelic viruss CvenSi SemoRwevis saSualebas ar miscems da socialuri distancia erTaderTi ,,iaraRi’’, romelic kovid-19iT dainficirebisgan dagvicavs.
ნანა გოგატაძე
7
ვექტორი ჯანმრთელობაზე
koronavirusis gavlena adamianTa fsiqikaze arsebobs TariRebi,romlebic garkveul mniSvnelobas atarebs adamianebis cxovrebaSi da arsebobs wlebi TavianTi movlenebiT, romlebic did kvals tovebs ara marto konkretul sazogadoebriv wreSi, aramed msoflioSi. swored aseT wels SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT 2020 weli, romelmac Tavi sakmaod arasasiamovno virusiT daamaxsovra planeta dedamiwas. Covid-19 axali virusia da is ukavSirdeba virusebis imave jgufs, romelsac aqvs „mZime respiratoruli sindromi” ( SARS ) da gaciebis zogierTi forma. igi pirvelad CineTis qalaq uxanSi gamovlinda da mas oficialurad ewoda „koronavirusiT daavadeba - 2019 “. ( Co - Semoklebuli „Corona - korona”, „Vi– Virus virusi” da D – „Disease - daavadeba” ). igi msoflio jandacvis organizaciis mier pandemiad gamocxadda. CineTSi gamoCenis Semdeg koronavirusi sakmaod swrafad gavrcelda msoflioSi. ris gamoc qveynebi iZulebuli gaxdnen, mieRoT zomebi da efiqraT garkveuli saxis SezRudvebze. aucilebeli gaxda iseTi regulaciebis daweseba, rogorebicaa kafe-restornebis daxurva, frenebis Sewyveta, qveynis Sida transportis gaCereba, sakarantine zonebis gamoyofa da a.S. pirbadeebi ki TiToeuli adamianisTvis aucilebeli aqsesuari gaxda. aRniSnulma SezRudvebma didi gavnlena iqonia ara mxolod kompaniebze, aramed adamianebis fsiqologiur mdgomareobazec. uamravi adamiani samsaxuris gareSe darCa, rasac daemata saxlSi, TviTizolaciaSi yofnis aucilebloba. aman ki uaryofiTad imoqmeda adamianTa fsiqikaze. aRsaniSnavia, rom mravlad dafiqsirda adamianebis mxridan sxvadasxva saxis regulaciis darRveva. dafiqsirda sakarantine zonidan gaqcevis SemTxvevebic. erT-erTia ojaxuri gaqceva. oTxi Tineijeri dedasTan erTad mamis dakrZalvaze imyofeboda axal zelandiaSi, qveyanaSi dabrunebis Semdeg ki hamiltonis marTuli izolatoridan gaiqcnen. maTi saqme sasamarTloSic ganixiles, Tumca sasamarTlos gadawyevtileba ar Seexo yvelaze umcross, romelic 12 wlis iyo. msgavsi gaqcevis mcdelobebi aWarasac ar aklda. baTumSi erT-erTi sastumrodan gaqceva mas Semdeg scades, rac testebis pasuxebma daigviana. adgilze mobilizebuli iyo policia. garda amisa, dafiqsirda sakarantine sivrceSi TviTmkvlelobis mcdelobis SemTxvevebic.
saqarTveloSi virusis gavrcelebis sawyis etapze globalurma kvleviTma sakonsultacio kompaniam „eisiTi” (ACT) satelefono gamokiTxvis saxiT Caatara kvleva, Tu „rogor Secvala Covid-19-ma Tbiliselebis cxovreba“. gamokiTxva Catarda SemTxveviTi SerCevisprinci piT 426 zrdasrul Tbilisis mosaxles Soris, 2020 wlis 14-16 martis SualedSi. monacemTa statistikuri cdomileba ar aRemateba 4,9%-s. inficirebis prevenciis mizniT, umetesoba mimarTavs piradi higienis dacvis rekomendebul rCevebs – ibans xelebs regularulad an iyenebs antibaqteriul xsnars. magram am etapze, mxolod yoveli mexuTe erideba saxlidan gasvlas. sainteresoa, rom mkveTrad Seicvla molodini qveynis gareT mgzavrobasTan dakavSirebiT. COVID-19 virusis gavrcelebamde respondentebis 15% gegmavda uaxloes TveebSi sazRvargareT mogzaurobas, Tumca, virusis gavrcelebasTan erTad savaraudo mgzavrTa 69%-ma uvadod gadado mgzavrobis gegmebi. yvelaze didi negatiuri gavlena arsebulma situaciam kulturul, gasarTob da sportul/gamajansaRebel aqtivobebze iqonia. kulturul RonisZiebebze, kafeebsa da barebSi da savarjiSo darbazebSi siaruli srulad Sewyvita gamokiTxulTa or mesamedze metma. rac Seexeba uaxloesi periodis finansur xarjebs, axlo warsulis gegmebTan SedarebiT mxolod naxevari gegmavs uaxloes 6 TveSi tansacmlis, fexsacmlis an aqsesuaris SeZenas, uaxlos gegmebTan SedarebiT msxvili saojaxo teqnikaSi investirebas gamokiTxulTa mxolod mesamedi apirebs. amis miuxedavad, sazogadoebaSi SfoTvis done ar aris maRali, 10 balian skalaze SfoTva respondentebma saSualod 4.9 qulaze Seafases.
aRsaniSnavia Elsevier_is mier gamoqveynebuli kvleva, romelic afasebs Covid-19_iT gamowveul fsiqologiur aSlilobas. igi aerTianebs 62 kvlevas, 162 639 monawiliT 17 qveynidan. aRniSnuli kvlevis mixedviT, SfoTvisa da depresiis gaerTianebulma prevalenciam Seadgina 33% (ndobis intervali: 28%-38%) da 28% (23%-32%). sul Catarebulma 41-ma kvlevam gazoma SfoTva, rogorc fsiqologiuri zemoqmedebis maCvenebeli. aqedan 4 maTgani uSualod pacientebs Soris Catarda. 37-ma kvlevam daadastura SfoTva, xolo 4 kvleva zomieridan mwvave SfoTis proporciis Sesaxeb miuTiTebs. aseve 41-ma kvlevam gazoma depresia, rogorc fsiqologiuri aSlilobis maCvenebeli. maT Soris 14 samedicino personals Soris Catarda, 14 farTo sazogadoebaSi, xolo 3 pacientebSi. 37-ma kvlevam daadastura depresiis prevalentoba, 4 kvlevaSi ki naTqvamia saSualo da mZime depresiis proporciis Sesaxeb. SfoTisa da depresiis garda, sxva iSviaTad dafiqsirebul maCveneblebs moicavda fsiqologiuri aSliloba, stresi, uZiloba da post-tramvuli stresis simptomebi/darRvevebi. da bolos, unda iTqvas, rom sxvadasxva saxis regulaciam uaryofiTTan erTad mcire raodenobis, Tumca sakmaod sasiamovno siaxlec moutana adamianebs. maT miecaT saSualeba ufro meti dro daeTmoT erTmaneTisTvis an Tundac sakuTari TavebisTvis. zogierT maTganSi gaiRviZa xelovnebis niWma da misi saSualebiT umklavdeba koronavirusiT gamowveuli sirTuleebs, zogierTi iumoriT Tu sxvadasxva saxis aplikaciis daxmarebiT cdilobs gaerTos da gaamxiarulos sxvebic. adamianebi varT da yvelafris miuxedavad, TviTgadarCenisTvis cxovrebas vagrZelebT.
ნინო ლელაძე
pandemiiT gamowveuli SezRudvebi 2020 wlis martidan, msoflioSi koronavirusis pandemia gamocxadda. msoflios qveynebis umetesoba warmoudgeneli realobis winaSe aRmoCnda. Caketili qveynebi, qalaqebi, SeCerebuli samsaxurebi da sxva. uamravi inficirebuli da msxverpli, romelTa raodenobac yoveldRe izrdeba. zafxulSi koronavirusma, TiTqos mosaxleobas amosunTqvis saSualeba misca da raRac periodi, minimaluri SezRudvebiT gagrZelda cxovreba. Tumca, Semodgomis sezonze, rogorc daanonsebuli iyo, meore talRa daiwyo da
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nel-nela axali SezRudvebis dawesebis aucileblobac gaCnda. dResdReobiT, inficirebulTa ricxviT lideroben aSS, ruseTi, indoeTi, brazilia, maT mohyveba evropis qveynebi, italia, germania, didi britaneTi da sxva. saxelmwifoebi yoveldRiurad amkacreben SezRudvebs, acxadeben karantins, ketaven sazRvrebs. rogorc aRmoCnda, msoflio jandacvis sistemam zafxulSi, meore talRisTvis srulfasovnad momzadeba mainc ver SeZlo. msoflios sxvadasxva wertilSi sxvadasxvanairi SezRudvaa dawesebuli: ruseTSi 28 oqtombridan pirbadis tareba savaldebulo gaxda yvelgan, maT Soris Ria sivrceSic. italiis ramdenime qalaqSi karantin-
ia gamocxadebuli. qveynis masStabiT kinoTeatrebi, Teatrebi, sportdarbazebi sam dekembramde daxurulia. medikosebi sayovelTao karantinis gamocxadebas moiTxoven. didi britaneTSi xuTi noembridan erTi TviT sayovelTao karantini amoqmedda. saxlidan gasvla mxolod porduqtisa da medikamentebis SesaZenad da Ria sivrceSi saseirnod aris SesaZlebeli. saberZneTSi karantini Svidi nomebridan ocdaaTi noembris CaTvliT gamocxadda. avstriaSi sami noembridan Tvis bolomde sagangebo mdgomareoba gamocxadda. kulturuli da sportuli RonisZiebebi gauqmda, restornebi da sastumroebi daixura. qveynis masStabiT komendantis saaTi 20:00 saaTidan 06:00 saaTamde moqmedebs. safrangeTSi ocdaaTi oqtombridan or dekembramde sagangebo mdgomareoba gamocxadda. masobrivi RoniZiebebi gauqmda, TavSeyris adgilebi, restronebi, barebi daixura. germaniaSi ori noembridan ocdaaTi noembris CaTvliT daixura yvela restorani, gasarTobi centri, sakoncerto darbazi, Teatri da fitens klubi. maRaziebi mkacri socialuri distanciis dacvis reJimSi ganagrZoben muSaobas.
Semodgomis sezoneze karantini yvelaze adre somxeTma, TerTmet seqtembers, gamoacxada, romelic 2021 wlis TerTmet ianvramde gagrZeldeba. rac Seexeba saqarTvelos, qveyanaSi komendantis saaTia gamocxadebuli 22:00 saaTidan 05:00 saaTamde. saswavleblebi da samsaxurebis umetesoba onlainreJimzea gadasuli. Ria da daxurul sivrceSi pirbadis tareba savaldebuloa. SezRudvebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi moqmedebs jarimebi. mecnierebi TiTqmis erTi welia koronavirusis sawinaaRmdego vaqcinis Seqmnas cdiloben. Pfizer-is da BioNTech-is vaqcinis Semowmebis mesame fazis SedegebiT, vaqcina 90%-iT efeqturia da SeuZlia koronavirusis prevencia. vaqcinis Semowmeba jer kidev mimdinareobs da rogorc gveubnebian, gazafxulidan ukve SegveZleba misi gamoyeneba. manamde ki unda gavagrZeloT aqamde kargad cnobili rekomendaciebis dacva, xelebis xSiri dabana da dezinfeqcia, xalxmraval adgilebSi pirbadiT gadaadgileba, socialuri distanciis dacva.
ნინო მირიანაშვილი
veqtori
ვექტორი განათლებაზე
inkluziuri ganaTleba kompiuterebis kamerebis imedad Cveni qveyana araerTxel damdgara inkluziuri ganaTlebis ganviTarebis aucileblobis winaSe. es Tema gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri mas Semdeg gaxda, rac koronavirusis pandemiis pirobebSi saswavleblebma onlainswavlebis meTods mimarTes. msgavsi formiT swavlebisas garkveuli problemebis winaSe aRmoCnda inkluziuri ganaTlebis sakiTxi, romelic specialuri maswavleblisa da gansakuTrebuli saWiroebis mqone moswavlis uSualo CarTulobasa da pirdapir kontaqts saWiroebs, Tumca inkluziuri ganaTleba sxva mniSvnelovani problemebis winaSec dgas. aqamde saqarTveloSi inkluziuri ganaTlebis procesi nabij–nabij warmatebiT viTardeboda da Cveni qveynisTvis igi erT–erT umTavres prioritetad iqca. ramdenime wlis win specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone pirebs ar hqondaT imis SesaZlebloba, rom zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi eswavlaT. inkluziuri ganaTlebis misaRebad arsebobda specskolebi. swored amitom SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebi saTanadod ar iyvnen integrirebuli sazogadoebaSi. amasTanave, mSoblebic uamrav problemas awydebodnen. dReisaTvis inkluziuri ganaTleba mimdinareobs rogorc skolebSi, sadac amis saWiroeba arsebobs, ise profesiul kolejebSic. aRniSnul saganmanaTleblo procesSi CarTulia interdisci plinaruli gundi, romelic klasis damrigeblis, spec maswavleblis, socialuri muSakisa da fsiqologisgan Sedgeba. inkluziuri ganaTlebis umTavres mizans SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone moswavleebis TanatolebTan erTad saswavlo procesSi CarTva warmoadgens. amasTanave, inkluziuri ganaTleba gulisxmobs specialuri saganmanaTleb-
lo saWiroebis mqone moswavleebisTvis individualuri an modificirebuli saswavlo gegmiT swavlebas. sagulisxmoa, rom inkluziuri ganaTlebis cneba emyareba iseT fundamentur princi pebs, romelTa praqtikaSi ganxorcielebac xSir SemTxvevaSi mTel rig sirTuleebTan aris dakavSirebuli- rogor unda iyos mowyobili saklaso oTaxi, ramdenma moswavlem unda iswavlos erT saklaso sivrceSi, ra princi piT unda ixelmZRvanelos pedagogma, es im sakiTxebis arasruli CamonaTvalia, romelTa organizebac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania. imisaTvis, rom SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebi maqsimalurad iyvnen integrirebuli sazogadoebaSi, aucilebelia, saTanado komunikacia davamyaroT im bavSvebTanac, romlebic ganaTlebas SSm pirebTan erTad iReben. mniSvnelovania, maswavleblebis, mSoblebisa da fsiqologebis erToblivi ZalisxmeviT moxerxdes specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone bavSvebis Tanatolebis bulingisgan dacva. irma rostomaSvili ramdenime wlis win Tbilisis 29–e sajaro skolaSi specmaswavleblad, xolo 72–e sajaro skolaSi integrirebuli klasis fsiqologad muSaobda. igi CvenTan interviuSi ambobs, rom maSin, rodesac man am mimarTulebiT daiwyo muSaoba, bevr sirTules awydebodnen rogorc specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone pirebi, aseve maTi mSoblebi da maswavleblebi. „im faqtidan gamomdinare, rom inkluziuri ganaTleba bevrisTvis ucxo termini iyo da ar icodnen Tu ras gulisxmobda is, specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone bavSvebis sagakveTilo procesSi CarTva seriozul gamowvevas warmoadgenda bevri maswavleblisTvis. sagulisxmoa, rom maT am kuTxiT ar hqondaT Sesabamisi gamocdileba. swored amitom, daiwyo pedagogebis sistematuri momzadeba, tardeboda treningebi, sadac ganixileboda swavlebis procesis Tanmdevi sxvadasxva darRveva, maTi maxasiaTe-
blebi, midgomebi, rTuli qcevis marTvis strategiebi da ase Semdeg“. irma rostomaSvili aRniSnavs, rom dReisaTvis maswavleblebi sakmarisad informirebuli arian da aqvT Sesabamisi gamocdileba, Tu rogor unda CarTon specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleebi saklaso aqtivobebSi. „amisTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania, mSoblebis, fsiqologis, maswavleblebisa da specmaswavleblebis TanamSromloba. specialuri pedagogebi ZiriTadad awydebian Semdeg problemas- zogjer sagnis maswavleblebi cdiloben specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone bavSvebi, ase vTqvaT, „gadaabaron“ specmaswavleblebs, ramdenadac Tvlian, rom maT ar exebaT am konkretuli moswavlis ganaTlebaze zrunva. sabednierod, nel–nela es damokidebuleba icvleba, Zalian didi progresi SeiniSneba am kuTxiT saklaso oTaxebSic“,- ambobs irma rostomaSvili. Cven mier dasmul kiTxvaze - yofila Tu ara iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac sssm pirebi Tanatolebis mxridan bulingis msxverpli gamxdaran, irmam ase gvi pasuxa: „arasodes mqonia msgavsi SemTxveva. bavSvebi yovelTvis saocari siyvaruliT epyrobian specialuri saWiroebis mqone Tanatolebs. xSirad ufrosebs hgoniaT, rom aucileblad bulingis msxverpli arian aseTi moswavleebi. realurad, Tu sworad mivawvdiT bavSvebs informacias, bulings Tavidan aviridebT. piriqiT, Tan-
atolebi sssm megobrebis mimarT mzrunvelobasac iCenen, xandaxan zedmetadac ki zrunaven - daatareben maT CanTebs, aTxoveben nivTebs, adgils uTmoben. Cven yovelTvis vcdilobT am urTierTdamokidebulebis dabalansebasac, vinaidan amiT maT gansxvavebulobas ar gavusvaT xazi.“ elene iremaSvili kaspis raionis erT– erTi skolis specpedagogia. igi CvenTan interviuSi saubrobs sworad dagegmili saswavlo procesis aucileblobaze, rac gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleebis saswavlo procesSi CarTulobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT. amisTvis ki, Tavis mxriv, mniSvnelovania moswavlis Zlieri mxaris gamoyeneba axali masalis asaTviseblad. „koronavirusis pandemiiT gamowveuli onlainswavlebis pirobebSi kiTxvis niSnis qveS dadga rogorc ti puri, ise sssm moswavleebis ganaTlebis miRebis sakiTxi, gaaTmagda mSoblebis pasuxismgebloba, maT itvirTes asistentireba“,- ambobs specpedagogi. aseve igi aRniSnavs, rom profesiuli TvalsazrisiTac maswavlebeli mudmivad cdilobs ganviTarebs da miRebuli Sedegebis gaumjobesebas. elene aRniSnavs, rom sasurvelia adreuli asakidanve mivceT bavSvs saSualeba, aRmoaCinos samyaro grZnobebis damyarebiT. amisaTvis saWiroa sensoruli davalebebis micema. swored msgavsi kategorizaciiT bavSvebi swavloben, rom nivTebi erTmaneTs hgvanan, Tumca amavdroulad raRaciT kidec gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan. SeiZleba ramdenime wlis win termini „inkluziuri ganaTleba“ bevrisTvis ucxo da gaugebari iyo, Tumca dRes es ase namdvilad ar aris. saqarTveloSi specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone bavSvebs eZlevaT saSualeba, miiRon srulfasovani ganaTleba da maqsimalurad integrirebuli iyvnen sazogadoebaSi.
მარიამ ჩუთლაშვილი
TviTSemecneba - wiTeli diplomis alternativa gasakviri ar aris, rom drosTan erTad samyaro bevrad informaciuli xdeba da viTardeba, interneti ki adamianebis cxovrebis erT-erT mTavar adgils ikavebs. bolo ramdenime welia, sulac araa aucilebeli umaRles saswavlebelSi iaro an raime kolejis diplomi gqondes, imisTvis, rom SenTvis sasurveli codna miiRo da amiT Tavi daikmayofilo. internetSi uamravi platforma da saganmanaTleblo sivrce arsebobs, sadac saWiro ganaTlebas miiReb. TviTSemecnebis es meTodi evropasa da amerikaSi, cxadia, saqarTveloze adre dainerga da nebismieri asakis adamians SeuZlia onlanprogramebiTa da kursebiT saintereso gakveTilebisa da leqciebis mosmena, Tumca TviTSemecnebis msgavsi gza bolo periodSi saqarTveloSic popularobiT sargeblobs. savaraudoa, rom am yvelafris safuZveli erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili socialuri qseli „youtube”-ia. jer kidev 10-15 wlis win, iuTubze iqmneboda iseTi videoebi, romelTa mizanic sxvadasxva codnis gaziareba iyo, Tundac ufasod. nebismier momxarebls saSualeba aqvs dRemde e.w tutorialebiT, anu mcire instruqciebiT damoukideblad iswavlos da Seimecnos sasurveli ram. iuTub sivrce namdvilad mniSvnelovania, axali da saintereso informaciis misaRebad, Tumca mxolod diletantur doneze. samwuxarod, iuTubze rTulia iseTi ganaTlebis miReba, romelic Semdgom profesiul zrdaSi dagexmareba an karierul ganviTarebas Seuwyobs xels. swored, amitom, sazRvargareT ufro adre da CvenTan mogvianebiT, Seiqmna onlainkursebi, onlainprogramebi da akademiebi, romelic saxlidan gausvlelad, gaZleven Sesabamis codnas. am ti pis kursebi dakompleqtebulia akreditebuli leqtorebiTa da maswavleblebiT. iqmneba ramdenime kaciani jgufebi. am mcire jgufebSi ki leqtori cdilobs, yvela students maqsimalurad gadasces codna da individua-
lurad imuSaos masTan. dainteresebul students SesaZlebloba aqvs airCios leqciis sasurveli dro, sagani, romelsac Seiswavlis da a.S. raRa Tqma unda, es yvelaferi umravles SemTxvevaSi gadasaxadis sanacvlod. axali koronavirusis pandemiis sapasuxod, karantinisa da izolaciis Sesamsubuqeblad, araerTma organizaciam, msoflios masStabiT xelmisawvdomi gaxada momsaxureba, avtoritatulma onlain platformebma adamianebs SesTavazes ufaso onlainkursebi. magaliTad, class central-i saSualebas aZlevs nebismier msurvels, wamyvani universitetebis, - harvardis, ielis, prinstonisa da sxv. ufaso leqciebi moisminon biznesis, monacemTa bazebis, programirebis Sesaxeb. amasTan Nikon-i gvTavazobs ufaso fotografiis kursebs, aseve Duolingo-s ucxo enebis Semswavleli onlainplatformasac igive daniSnuleba aqvs. rogorc ukve aRvniSne, saqarTveloSi es Tema axalia. Tumca arc ise axali, rom swavliT dainteresebuli adamiani ver gaerkves. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, ra Seicvla pandemiis pirobebSi am mxriv. ra Tqma unda, gasakviri arcaa, rom on-
veqtori
lainkursebisa da internetiT ganaTlebis miRebis mcdelobebma moimata da kidev ufro saWiro gaxda zemoT aRniSnuli TviTganaTlebis meTodi. swored pandemiis periodSi Seiqmna arakomerciuli organizacia xanis akademia (Khan Academy, vebmis. Khanacademy.org), romlis mizanic aris gaavrcelos ufaso, msoflio donis ganaTleba yvelasTvis da yvelgan. xanis akademia moswavleebsa da maswavleblebs sTavazobs: individualur swavlas, sando masalas, romelic eqspertebis mier Seqmnili biblioTekiTaa gamorCeuli da aseve maswavleblebsac aZleven Sans, aRmoaCinon „Cavardnebi“ moswavleebis codnaSi da miudgnen maT individualurad. rogorc maTi saitidan irkveva, aq 2 wlidan 18 wlis bavSvebisTvis gamoyofilia sxvadasxva aucilebeli sagani, magaliTad: maTematika, mecniereba, xelovneba da humanitaruli mecnierebebi, ekonomika da finansebi. kideve erTi aseTi organizacia aris „nebula“ (veb. mis. Nebula.ge). es saiti kovid pandemiamdec arsebobda da moicavs sxvadasxva kurss. gansakuTrebiT ki orientirebulebi arian erTian erovnul gamocdebze. aswavlian rogorc zogad unarebs, aseve qarTuls, fizikas, qimias, maTematikas, ucxo enebs. aqve studentebs utardebaT onlaingamocda, rac imitaciaa namdvili gamocdebis da kidev ufro uadvildebaT mniSvnelovani gamocdebis Cabareba. videogakveTilebis daxmarebiT, moswavleebs saSualeba aqvT Seiswavlon da gaiRrmavon codna sxvadasxva saganSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos araerTma universitetmac SesTavaza studentebs msgavsi platformebi. maT Soris, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetma da ilias saxelmwifo universitet-
ma magistrantebisTvis gamoyo onlainkursebi, sadac studentebi Seiswavlian biznes administrirebas, programirebas da sxva sasurvel profesiebs. sainteresoa im studentis azric, visac es SesaZlebloba erTxel mainc gamouyenebia. Cven gavesaubreT erT-erT students, nino manCxaSvils, romelsac surs magistraturis gagrZeleba sazRvargareT da saqarTveloSi emzadeba inglisuri enis testis Casabareblad. - nino mogviyeviT Tqveni gamocdilebis Sesaxeb, onlain swavlebisa da TviTganaTlebis kuTxiT. - diax, rogorc ukve iciT, imisaTvis rom sazRvargareT universitetSi gaagrZelo swavla, garkveuli donis enis serTifikatia saWiro. ra Tqma unda, daviwye am serTifikatisTvis mzadeba kerZo repetitorTan, Tumca daemTxva koronavirusis pandemia da momixda saxlSi, TviTizolaciaSi yofna. drois dakargva ar mindoda da gadavwyvite, onlain gamevlo is enis kursebi, rac SemdgomSi damexmareboda testis warmatebiT CabarebaSi. movZebne internetSi erT-erTi onlain sivrce, sadac garkveuli instruqciebiT SemeZlo momesmi-
na, wamekiTxa, damewera sxvadasxva savarjiSo, rac sakmaod kargi iyo da Zalian damexmara. Tumca unda aRvniSno, rom radgan es leqciebi da videogakveTilebi winaswar iyo Cawerili, ar mqonda pirdapiri kavSiri leqtorTan. raime kiTxvis SemTxvevaSi pasuxis miReba ar SemeZlo da es namdvilad arakomfortuli iyo CemTvis. kerZo repetitorTan siarulis dros, ra Tqma unda, es problema ar iqneboda. Tumca aq aris kidev erTi faqtori, es kursebi aris ufaso da sruliad gasagebia, rom maqsimaluri codnis miReba arc unda moiTxovos studentma. namdvilad SesaniSnavi sivrcea msgavsi ti pis platformebi, imisTvis, rom TviTizolaciaSi dro ar dakargo da raRac mxriv mainc ganviTarde adamiani. rogorc Cans, dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxare yvelafers aqvs, maT Soris onlain TviTSemecnebasac. Tumca, Tu adamians swavla da codnis donis gaRrmaveba surs, amas TviTizolaciaSi, msgavsi saSualebebiT aucileblad moaxerxebs. 21-e saukune da internet epoqa ki am yvelaferSi namdvilad daexmareba.
თამარ პერანიძე
9
ვექტორი სამართალზე
xelisuflebis gamoZiebuli gamouZiebeli saqmeebis seria „“`”~moipoves xmebi, gaimarjves, movidnen sisxliani xmebiT da mfarveloben mkvlelebs~“, - swored ase afasebs barbare rafaliancis deda TaTia meqeriSvili zustad 8 wlis win ganviTarebul movlenebs. 30 seqtebers 10 Tvis barbare rafaliancis tragikuli gardacvalebidan 8 weli gavida. zustad 8 wlis Tavze am saqmeSi yvela kiTxva kvlav pasuxgaucemelia. 2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Rames qveyana SeZra udidesi tragediis Sesaxeb mediidan opozicioneri politikosebis mier gaJRerebulma informaciam imis Sesaxeb, rom kaxeTSi, gurjaanis municipalitetis sofel kolagSi qvevrSi 10 Tvis bavSvi gardacvlili ipoves. maSin „qarTuli ocnebis“ maJoritarobis kandidatma manana berikaSvilma Tavisi oponenti partia „nacionaluri moZraobidan“ giorgi RviniaSvili pirdapir eTerSi jer bavSvis gatacebaSi, Semdeg ki mkvlelobaSi daadanaSaula. samarTlianobis aRdgenis dapirebiT xelisuflebaSi mosulma qarTulma ocnebam mmarTvelobis meore vada, sxva bevr gamouZiebel saqmesTan erTad, 10 Tvis barbare rafaliancis gardacvalebis saqmis gamoZiebis gareSe daasrula. swored barbare rafaliancis gardacvaleba iyo pirveli saqme, romlis droulad da obieqturad gamoZiebasac opoziciidan xelisuflebaSi gadabargebuli qarTuli ocnebis liderebi mosaxleobas pirdebodnen. momxdaridan 8 wlis Semdeg barbare rafaliancis deda yveba, rom misi Svilis gardacvalebis saqme moqmedma xelisuflebam spekulaciisTvis gamoiyena. TaTia meqeriSvili ambobs, rom 2012 wels braldebebi emociur fonze gaaJRera da rac uTxres, is daijera. misi TqmiT, xelisufleba mkvlels xels afarebs. „gavida erTi weli, gavida ori weli da mere me mivxvdi, rom es aRar iyo
imJamindeli xelisuflebis gakeTebuli mkvleloba. faqti saxezea, ar awyobda axlandel xelisuflebas, rom es saqme gamoZiebuli yofiliyo da gagrZelda asec. ukve gaxda 8 weli da Cemi Svilis saqmidan araferi vici, ra moxda ar vici, ar vici, rogor mokvda Cemi 10 Tvis Svili“. Svilmkvar dedas saqmis gamoZiebis imedi aRar aqvs, ambobs, rom arc ki icis, sad da vis unda dausvas kiTxva saqmis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb.
„“„აღარც გვიკავშირდებიან, არ ვიცი ან ადვოკატი ვინ გვყავს, ან პროკურორი. საქმე ჩაიფარცხა”. maSin Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma irakli RaribaSvilma xelisuflebaSi mosvlidan ramdenime dReSi saqme pirad kontrolze aiyvana da dapireba gasca, rom 3 kviraSi saqmeze realuri suraTi gamoCndeboda. Tumca arcerT kiTxvaze pasuxi arc gardacvlilis ojaxs da arc xalxs ar miuRia. swored am saqmidan iwyeba „qarTuli ocnebis politikuri gamoZieba“ anu „gamoZiebuli gamouZiebeli saqmeebis seria“. mmarTveli partiis xelisuflebaSi yofnis merve wels, anu rogorc amave partiis Tavmjdomare ityoda, “qveyanaSi
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gasaocari demokratiis damkvidrebidan mesame wels,” saqarTveloSi kriminogenuli situacia ase gamoiyureba: 2020 wlis ianvridan seqtembramde Sinagan saqmeTa saministros informaciiT, registrirebulia 44 038 danaSauli, aqedan mxolod 15 280 saqmis gaxsna SeZlo samarTaldamcavma uwyebam, rac procentulad 34,7%. Tumca gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa 2020 wels sicocxlis winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSaulis raodenoba. Sinagan saqmeTa saministros mier gamoqveynebuli monacemebiT, ianvridan seqtembris CaTvliT anu 9 Tvis ganmavlobaSi registrirebulia 2058 danaSauli sicocxlis winaaRmdeg. aqedan ki gamoZiebam mxolod 157 saqmis gaxsna SeZlo, anu mxolod 7,63%-is. statistikaSi gansakuTrebiT TvalSisacemia TviTmkvelobamde miyvanis muxliT dawyebuli saqmeebi. aseTi bolo 9 Tvis ganamvlobaSi 1679 ia, saidanac Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom mxolod
da mxolod 8 saqmis gaxsna moaxerxa. es statistika ki mosaxleobaSi samarTaldamcavi uwyebis mimarT undoblobis mizezi gaxda. maT Soris, ndobis xidi ukve ramdenime Tvea Catyda prokuraturasa da gardacvlili programistis, Tamar baCaliaSvilis ojaxs Soris. „majerebdnen, rom viTom obieqturad iZiebdnen, majerebdnen, rom mkvlelobis versiaze muSaobdnen. ramdeni mtkicebuleba mivitaneT da gveubnebian, rom cru mtkicebulebebia. CemTvis gamoZiebis versia sarwmuno im SemTxvevaSi iqneba, Tuki, sapirispiro fotomasalas damideben satelitidan da fotoze iqneba Tamaris manqana. maSin xelebs avwev, sajarod vaRiareb, rom Cemma Svilma Tavi moikla da vigloveb Svils“. bolo drois yvelaze burusiTmoculi saqmis gamoZieba prokuraturam ukve daasrula. mTavarma sagamoZiebo uwyebam progrmisitis gardacvalebis saqmis gamoZieba mas Semdeg daiwyo, rac gardacvlilis ojaxma Sss-s sruli undobloba gamoucxada, imis gamo rom gamoZieba mxolod TviTmkvelobis versiaze muSaobda. Tumca mas Semdeg, rac saqme irakli SoTaZes xelSi Cauvarda, yvela qmedeba mTavari sagamoZiebo uwyebis mxridan mxolod da mxolod erTs emsaxureboda-gaemyarebina TviTmkvelobis versia. programistis ojaxi darwmunebulia, rom Tamari TeTriwyaros munici pal-
itetSi gaityues, sadac TviTmkvlelobis inscenireba moaxdines. gardacvlilis dedis, Teona TamazaSvilis TqmiT, saqmes maRali Tanamdebobis pirebi xels afareben da swored amitom muSaobs gamoZieba mxolod erT - TviTmkvelobis versiaze. is patara ndoba ki, romelic Tamar baCaliaSvilis ojaxs mTavari prokuroris mimarT hqonda, axla srulad daikarga: „meored Cavarda erTi da igive ormoSi SoTaZe, piradadac TvalebSi Cavxedav, ar SemeSindeba da vetyvi. meored Cavarda da sakmarisia.
„ერთი და იგივე ორმოში ორჯერ რომ ვარდები ან ბრმა ხარ, ან ამას შეგენბულად აკეთებ”. 23 wlis Tamar baCaliaSvilis dedis TqmiT, mas arc pasuxi aqvs kiTxvaze, rogor gardaicvala misi qaliSvili da aRarc gamoZiebis ndoba. gamoZiebis mimarT ndoba ukve didi xania dakarga Svilmoklulma mamam, malxaz maCalikaSvilma. Temirlan maCalikaSvilis mkvleloba qarTuli ocnebis mmarTvelobis pirobebSi gamouZiebeli kidev erTi saqmea. am saqmeze sagamoZiebo uwyebam saboloo „ganaCeni“ ukve gamoitana. wesiT da rigiT, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros da prokuraturas am saqmeSi arsebul yvela kiTxvaze pasuxi gacemuli unda hqondes, Tumca gardacvlilis ojaxisTvis bundovaneba dRidan dRemde izrdeba. 2017 wlis 26 dekembers pankisis xeobaSi Catarebuli antiteroristuli operaciis dros 19 wlis Temirlan maCalikaSvili sasikvdilod daiWra. saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis samsaxurma igi cnobil terorist ahmed CataevTan kavSirSi eWvmitanilad cno. rogorc sus-Si ganmartes, specrazmelma cecxli mas Semdeg gaxsna, rac SeniSna, rom igi xelyumbaris afeTqebas apirebda. daWrili maCalikaSvili ori kviris Semdeg saavadmyofoSi gardaicvala. 124 mowmis gamokiTxvisa da 10-ze meti eqspertizis Catarebis Sedegad prokuraturis TanamSromlebma daadgines, rom sus-is versia sinamdviles Seesabameba. maCalikaSvilis ojaxi mTeli am xnis manZilze Temirlanis udanaSaulobas amtkicebda da acxadebda, rom Temirlans xelSi ara xelyumbara, aramed telefoni eWira, xelyumbara ki specdaniSnulebis razmis TanamSrom-
lebma ukve srolis Semdeg daudes. garda amisa, Temirlanis mama malxaz maCalikaSvili amtkicebda, rom mis Svils teroristebTan kavSiri ar hqonda. momxdaridan TiTqmis 3 wlis Semdeg gamoZiebas gardacvlilis ojaxisTvis ar upasuxia mTavar kiTxvaze: ratom mokles 19 wlis Temirlan maCalikaSvili. prokuraturis mimarT ndoba malxaz maCalikaSvilma ukve didi xania dakarga:
„ყველა საგამოძიებო უწყებასთან ჩემი ყველა კითხვა უპასუხო დარჩა. ხალხმა დაინახა, რომ ყველა საფეხური გამოვიარე, გადავაბიჯე ჩემს თავს”. „yvelaferi gavakeTe imisTvis, rom gaecaT CemTvis pasuxi, ratom momikles udanaSaulo mZinare bavSvi, magram ukve sami weli xdeba, dRemde pasuxi ar mimiRia“. zemoT CamoTvlili saqmeebis garda, 2012 wlidan dRemde, saqarTveloSi ramdenime gaxmaurebuli danaSauli moxda, romelTa gamoZieba am dromde araa dasrulebuli, an maTi Sedegebi mxareebs mraval kiTxvis niSans utovebs. am saqmeebis nawili pirad kontrolzec ki hqondaT ayvanili yofil Tu moqmed premierebs. maT Sorisaa: afgan muxTarlis, e.w cianidis, besik xarZianis, ia kerzaias, givi TargamaZis manqanis afeTebisa Tu piradi cxovrebis amsxveli faruli Canawerebis gavrcelebis saqmeebi. miuxedavad kritikisa, xelisufleba miiCnevs, rom am saqmeebis gamoZieba obieqturad da samarTlianad moxda. qveyanaSi arsebuli kriminogenuli viTareba ki maTTvis problemas ar warmoadgens, an rogorc yofili Sinagan saqmeTa ministri ityoda: „kriminali SesaniSnav mdgomareobaSia“. Tumca, rodesac xelisuflebis maRalCinosnebi kriminalur viTarebas ase afaseben, ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom swored am dros Tavisuflad gadaadgildeba adamiani, romelmac ramdenime kviris win, zugdidSi erT-erT bankSi 43 adamiani mZevlad aiyvana, sabolood ki naxevari milioni dolari ise waiRo, rom gamoZieba mis kvals am dromde ver poulobs.
რატი წვერავა
veqtori
ვექტორი ეკონომიკაზე
politizirebuli ekonomika, romelic sabazro meqanizmebiT naklebad moqmedebs pandemiis, gansakuTrebiT arCevnebis periodSi sxvadsxva politikuri Zalis mier aqtiurad xdeboda saxelmwifos mxridan ekonomikaSi Carevis meqanizmebis gakritikeba. opoziciuri Zalebis SefasebiT saxelmwifos intervenciebi ekonomikaSi araefeqturi da gadametebulia. maTi TqmiT xelisufleba ekonomikas, rogorc politikuri iaraRi ise iyenebs. opoziciuri Zalebis SefasebiT saxelmwifos mxridan wina saarCevno periodSi mosaxleobis daxmareba sxvadasxva socialurekonomikuri meqanizmebiT (magaliTad: 200 laris darigeba yvela arasrulwlovanisTvis) iyo politikuri PR-kampaniis nawili, romelSic xelisuflebam gamoiyena qveynis ekonomikuri resursebi. sazogadoebis erTi nawili Tvlis, rom xelisufleba sagareo vals miznobrivad ar iyenebs, rac momavalSi mosaxleobas mZime socialur-ekonomikur tvirTad daawveba. xelisuflebis gancxadebiT, ki saxelmwifos mxridan ekonomikaSi TiToeuli Careva iyo miznobrivi da efeqtiani. irakli makalaTia, ekonomikis doqtori, saxelmwifos mxridan ekonomikaSi Carevis meqanizmebze da maT efeqturobaze gazeT „veqtorTan“ saubrobs. - ra saxis meqanizmebi arsebobs saxelmwifos mxridan ekonomikaSi Carevis da saqarTvelo ramdenad iyenebs am meqanizmebs ekonomikis stimulirebisTvis? - saxelmwifo ekonomikaSi ZiriTadad ori meqanizmiT ereva. pirveli esaa, intervenciebi, rac gulisxmobs bazarze dolaris gayidvas. meore meqanizmi ki, gulisxmobs refinansirebas. am dros, saxelmwifo zrdis refinansirebis ganakveTsa, riTac bazarze fulze moTxovnas amcirebs. saqarTvelo orive meTods iyenebs, Tumca maTi gamoyenebis miznobrioba dgeba eWvqveS.
როდესაც ეკონომიკაში ლარის მასას ზრდი საჭიროზე მეტად, ვერც ეკონომიკა, ვერც ინტერვენციები და მათ შორის, ვერც რეფერენსირება ვალუტის გაუფასურებას ვერ შეაჩერებს. am sakiTxis ukeT gasagebad mniSvnelovania, ganvixiloT laris gaufasurebis mizezebi. zogadad, laris kurss dolarTan mimarTebaSi ganszRvravs ekonomikaSi larisa da dolaris masis Tanafardoba. amitomac, arsebobs erovnuli valutis gaufasurebis sami mizezi. pirveli, roca gaizarda laris masa, Tumca dolaris masa igive darCa. meore, laris masa ar icvleba, Tumca mcirdeba dolaris masa. mesame, bazarze laris masa gaizarda, dolaris masa ki, Semcirda. ra Tqma unda, laris masa ekonomikas sWireba, Tumca igi TanafardobaSi unda iyos ekonomikur zrdasTan. swored amis gamo, gvaqvs 2020 wels inflaciis maRali maCvenebeli, radgan lari masam maqsimalur niSnuls miaRwia. realurad, erovnuli banki imaze met lars beWdavs vidre es ekonomikas sWirdeba. saxelmwifosa da erovnuli bankis politika orientirebuli unda iyos imaze, rom laris masa ekonomikaSi daastabiluros da mkacrad akontrolos. sanam amas ar gaakeTebs, vercerTi meqanizmiT ver SeZlebs laris dastabilurebasa da gamyarebas. msgavs meqanizmebs magaliTad evropis ganviTarebuli qveynebi arc iyeneben, radgan maT bevrad ufro Zlieri ekonomika aqvT da ZiriTadad saerTaSoriso valutaa qveynis mTavari fulis erTeuli. maTi ekonomikebi pirdapir bmaSi arian globalur ekonomikasTan. saqarTvelos msgavs qveynebSi ki, sadac adgilobrivi valuta moqmedebs, saxelmwifom da erovnulma bankma ori mTavri sakiTxis, dolarisa da laris masis gaTvaliswinebiT unda imoqmedos.
stimuls aZleven bazarze laris kidev ufro meti masis Tavmoyras. meore mxriv, erovnuli banki imaze met fuls beWdavs vidre ekonomikas sWirdeba. maTi es nabijebi lars kidev ufro aufasurebs. am SemTxvevaSi, ukeTesi iqneboda, rom bankTa Soris savaWro birJa gvqondes, im SemTxvevaSi Tu komerciul bankebs larze, an dolarze moTxovna gauCndebaT, erTmaneTTan damoukideblad SeeZloT garigebis dadeba. arsebuli sistemiT ki, rodesac komerciul bankebs larze, an dolarze moTxovna uCndebaT mas erovnuli banki awvdis, rac sabolood xels uwyob inflacias.
- ra zegavlena moaxdina arCevnebis periodma ekonomikaze? - ekonomikaze, rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise mis gareT mimdinare movlenebi Tavis wil gavlenas axdens, arc arCevnebia gamonaklisi. Tumca mTavri aqtori aris erovnuli banki da mis politika. samwuxarod, saqarTvelos ekonomika politizirebulia da naklebad moqmedebs sabazro principebiT. amaze miuTiTebs isic, rom arCevnebis periodSi investorebi Tavs ikaveben investiciebis ganxorcielebisgan da elodebian Tundac xelisuflebis cvlilebas, anu maT vinc mova mTavrobaSi da visTanac eqnebaT uSualo kontaqti garigebebis dadebisas. investori, rodesac Camodi garigebas politikosTan debs da ara kerZo biznes mesakuTresTan. arCevnebis periodSi mimdinare ryevebi xels uSlis ucxouri investiciebisa da valutis Semodinebas. isini elodebian politikuri situaciis dastabilurebas. am periodSi aseve, gadaidga sakmaod mavnebluri nabiji da aRadgines yurZnis subsidireba. am dros ekonomikis jansaRi sferodan fuli gadaaqvT SedarebiT ganuviTarebel sferoSi.
მართალია, სოფლის მეურნეობას სჭირდება დახმარება, მაგრამ სუბსიდირება ერთჯერადია და ეს ეფექტური ვერ იქნება. soflis meurneobaSi mTavri problema isaa, rom saxelmwifos sakuTrebaSi sameurneo miwebis 60% da
- ramdenad SeTanxmebulad moqmedebs erovnuli banki da saxelmwifo? - saqarTveloSi es ori instituti SeTanxmebulad namdvilad moqmedebs, Tumca uaryofiT konteqstSi. orive maTganis politika mimarTulia ekonomikaSi laris masis zrdisken. erTi mxriv, finansTa saministros obligaciebi da fasiani qaRaldebi gamoaqvs gasayidad. amiT
veqtori
maTi fasic dabalia, Sesabamisad, masze warmoebuli produqciac iafia.
- socialuri da ekonomikur krizisTan gasamklaveblad saxelmwifo aiRo sagareo vali, romelmac mSp-is 60%-s ukv miaRwia. ramdenad miznobrivad xdeba am Tanxis gamoyeneba da ra safrTxeebi axlavs mas? - sagareo vali, erovnul valutis gaufasurebasTan erTad dRiTidRe izrdeba.
სახელმწიფომ საგარეო ვალის აღებისას და მისი გამოყენების დროს მაქსიმალურად ეფექტიანად უნდა იმუშაოს. სამწუხაროდ საქართველოში ამ ვალის ეფექტური გამოყენება არ ხდება. es Tanxebi iseT programebSi daixarja, romelebmac Sedegi ver gamoiRo. magaliTad aseTi iyo pandemiis dasawyisSi cxra produqtis subsidireba. am produqtebze fasi mainc gaizarda da maTi Rirebuleba imaze meti gaxda vidre Tavdapirvelad iyo. aseve, arasworad iyo gaTvlili ipoTekuri sesxebis subsidirebac. aucilebelia, sagareo vali moxmardes im sferos, romelic ekonomikisTvis momgebiani iqneba.
- xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi xSirad acxadeben, rom post-kovidur periodSi saqarTvelos aqvs potenciali, rom evropis mowinave qveynebs ekonomikuri zrdiT ar Camouvardes. ramdenad realuria es mosazreba? - am SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania ganvmartoT, Tu ras niSnavs ekonomikuri zrda. ekonomikur ganviTarebas ganapirobebs kerZo seqtori da mis mier warmoebuli produqciis raodenoba/Rirebuleba. ganviTarebul qveynebs maqsimalurad aqvT qveynis ekonomika da resursebi aTvisebuli, Sesabamisad ekonomikuri zrda aqvT dabali. ganviTarebad qveynebs ki, didi ekonomikuri zrda aqvT, radgan maT resursebi maqsimalurad ar aqvT aTvisebuli. Tumca imis Tqma, rom Cven evropis mowinave qveynebze magari ekonomika gveqneba arasworia. magaliaTad: afrikis qveynebsac ki, imaze maRal ekonomikuri zrda aqvT, vidre ganviTarebul qveynebs.
- ra SeiZleba gakeTdes rTuli ekonomikuri krizisis Tavidan asacileblad? - pirveli, ekonomikis Caketva ver gviSvelis. Cven, rom vicodeT es virusi 2, an 3 TveSi dasruldeba marTla, gaviWirvebT da yvelani CaviketebiT. Tumca aravin icis pandemia , rodis dasruldeba. pirveli Caketvis Sedegad orniSna ekonomikuri vardna miviReT, 100000-mde adamianma samsaxuri dakarga, Tu Crdilovan ekonomikaSi dasaqmebulebsac gaviTvaliswinebT, es maCvenebeli kidev ufro gaizrdeba.
ახალი შეზღუდვები მოსახლეობას კიდევ უფრო გააღატაკებსა და ისინი შიმშილის ზღვარზე აღმოჩნდებიან. aq erTgvari dilemuri mdgomareoba iqmneba romeli sjobs, neli Tu swrafi sikvdili. meore, saxelmwifo bizness unda daexmaros da sagdasaxado kuTxiT maqsimaluri SeRavaTebi misces. mesame, socialurad yvelaze mowyvlad jgufebs daexmaros sxvadasxva meqanizmebiT Tundac fuladi saxiT, raTa ekonomikuri krizisi gadaitanos. naklebi regulacia, meti gaxsniloba ekonomikis, raTa man imuSaos da daasaqmos adamianebi. es mosaxleobas Tavis rCenis SesaZleblobas miscems. ekonomiks Caketva da mosaxleobis sax-
lebSi gamoketva ver muSaobs, amas magaliTia pandemiis pirvel etapze saqarTveloSi gatarebuli zomebi, romlis Semdeg epidemiuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareoba mainc gauaresda.
პანდემიის პერიოდში სახელმწიფოს მხრიდან ეკონომიკაში ჩარევის დონე დიდად არ გაზრდილა,რადგან აქამდეც მაქსიმალურად პოლიტიზებული ეკონომიკაგვქონდა. Sesabamisad gasakviri arcaa, rodesac saxelmwifo ekonomikis resursebis gamoyeneba xdeba politikuri miznebisTvis. aucilebelia, rom saxelmwifo vali efeqturad ganawildes iseT, sferoze romelic mogebas moutans saxelmwifos. rogorc eqspertebi acxadeben qveynaSi Rrma socialur ekonomikuri krizisis dasaZlevad mniSvnelovania, ar CavketoT ekonomika, radgan igi damatebiT mkacr SezRudvebs veRar gadaitans. ekonomikis gasaZliereblad aucilebelia, saxelmwifo kerZo seqtors sxvadasxva wertilovani nabijebiT daexmaros. aseve ar unda dagvaviwydes socialurad mowyvladi jgufebis daxmareba. saxelmwifom da erovnulma bankma ki, SeTanxmebuli muSaobiT unda daastabiluron bazarze fulis masa.
- saqarTveloSi pandemiis dros saxelmwifos roli ekonomikaSi, xom ar Seicvala? - nebismieri qveynis ekonomikaSi saxelmwifos garkveuli roli aqvs. Tumca, aq saxelmwifoebis mxridan ekonomikaSi Carevis masStabebi gansxvavebulia. magaliTad germaniis mTavroba, imitomaa naklebad „mavnebluri“, rom ekonomika mTlianad kerZo seqtoris xelSia. saxelmwifo ki, ver ereva ekonomikaSi da misi roli mxolod regulaciebis dawesebiT Semoifargleba. ganviTarebad qveynebSi ki, ekonomikis didi wili saxelmwifos sakuTrebaSia, amitomac es sfero metad politizirebulia. am mxriv, saqarTveloSi didad araferi Secvlila, saxelmwifo ekonomikaSi aqamdec maqsimalurad ereoda.
სოფიკო ტაბატაძე
11
ვექტორი ეკონომიკაზე
anakliis Rrmawylovani porti- xelidan gamoclili SesaZlebloba saukunis proeqtad wodebuli anakliis Rrmawylovani portis mSeneblobis bedi am dromde gaurkvevelia. gegmis mixedviT, Sav zRvaze saqarTvelos pirvel Rrmawylovan ports panamaqsis tipis gemebi 2020 wlisTvis unda mieRo. am etapisTvis niderlandur samSeneblo kompanias, romelic anakliis portze iyo pasuxismgebeli, zRvis fskeris daRrmavebis nacvlad, saqarTvelos teritoriidan darCenili teqnika gaaqvs. anakliis ganviTarebis konsorciumi ki - portis mSeneblobis SeCerebaze pasuxismgeblobas saqarTvelos mTavrobas akisrebs. ,,Tibisi holdingi“ (saqarTvelo), regionuli sainvesticio da developeruli kompania, portis mSeneblobis farglebSi, konsorciumis damfuZvnebelia. mTavrobasTan uTanxmoeba da ,,Tibisi bankis“ liderebis politikaSi mosvla sakiTxis mniSvnelobas kidev ufro sainteresos xdis. anakliis navsadguris pirveli fazis samuSaoebi 2017 wels daiwyo da 2021 wlisTvis srulad unda dasrulebuliyo. 110 heqtari farTobis teritoriaze gaSenebuli porti saqarTvelos SesaZleblobas miscemda mieRo 10,000-konteineriani (TEU) panamaqsis da postpanamaqsis ti pis gemebi, romelTac dResdReobiT saqaTveloSi arsebuli sxva portebi ver emsaxureba. anakliaSi portis mSeneblobis saWiroebaze jer kidev me-20 saukunis dasawyisSi saubrobdnen. 60-ian wlebSi portis aSenebisTvis pirveli nabijebi gadaidga, moewyo sanapiros pirsi, samwuxarod, idea am etaps ver gascda. ramdenime wliani mcdelobebis miuxedavad, mSeneblobis ganaxlebis sakiTxi mxolod 2000-2001 wlebSi dadga, Tumca afxazeTTan gamwvavebulma mdgomareobam ideis xorcSesxmis mcdeloba kidev erTxel CaSala. portis mSeneblobisTvis nabijebi win 2010 wels gadaidga. sakiTxi mas Semdeg gacocxlda, rac proeqts ,,lazikas“ didi gamoxmaureba mohyva. 2014 wels saxelmwifom saerTaSoriso tenderi gamoacxada. tenderSi gamarjvebuli „anakliis ganviTarebis kosorciumis” mier momzadebuli proeqti winamorbedebs masStabiT, inovaciurobiT da efeqturobiT aRemateba. es iyo pirveli mcdeloba, romelic realur saqmed iqca. unda aRiniSnos, rom gamarjvebuli kosorciumi saerTaSoriso standartebis mqone iapanuri kompaniis kvlevebs eyrdnoboda, rac mis ideas kidev ufro sandos xdida. 2016 wlis 3 oqtombers ,,anakliis ganviTarebis kosorciumma“ mTavrobasTan SeTanxmebas xeli moawera. kosorciumma anakliaSi 75 milioni dolari daxarja, aqedan 35 milioni dolari portisTvis teritoriis momzadeba da zRvis fskeris gaRrmaveba dajda. saxelmwifo biujetSi gadasaxadebis saxiT 7 milioni Seitana, Tumca, mTavrobis versiiT, ver SeZlo mTavari - ver miaRwia bankebTan SeTanxmebas 400 milioni dolaris sesxze. mTavroba kosorciumisgan aseve moiTxovda, 120 milioni dolaris kapitalis Sevsebis mavaldebulebeli SeTanxmebis wardgenas, ramac kidev erTi problema Seqmna. infrastruqturis ministris, maia cqitiSvilis gancxadebiT, axali tenderi gamocxadda, daiwyo moiZieba axali investorisa, romelsac ,,anakliis ganviTarebis kosorciumi“ unda Caenacvlebina, am gadawyvetilebam sazogadoebaSi skepticizmi gamoiwvia. mTavrobis pozicia am dromde erTgvarovania, portis mSeneblobis CaSlis gamo mTeli pasuxismgebloba kosorciumze gadaitanos, Tumca faqtia, rom 2016 wels kosorciumi amave xelisuflebam SearCia. 2018 wels ki, roca portis mSenebloba mniSvnelovan fazaSi Sevida, Tarodan 10 wlis win miviwyebuli saqme CamoiRo da kosorciumis damfuZvneblebis winaamRdeg sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna daiwyo. qarTveli da ucxoeli eqspertebis azriT, aseTma winaamRdegobam da Savi zRvis auzSi rusuli tamanis portis swrafma ganviTarebam, anakliis portis mSeneblobis sakiTxi kidev ufro bundovani gaxada.
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,,logikuri dasasruli?!“ saqarTvelos prokuraturam gamoZieba ,,Tibisi bankis“ damfuZneblebisa da kosorciumis xelmZRvanebis winaaRmdeg 2018 wlis agvistoSi daiwyo. maSin analitikosebi saubrobdnen, rom es saqme aucileblad daazaralebda portis mSeneblobas. saqme exeboda investorebis dafrTxobas, ris Sedegadac kosorciumi veRar moaxerxebda valdebulebebis Sesrulebas da xelisufleba am mizeziT gawevda gvedze kosorciumis Tavdapirvel damfuZvnebels - mamuka xazaraZes, romelsac fulis gaTeTrebis saqmeze jer kidev edavebodnen. ,,anakliis ganviTarebis kosorciumi“ portis mSeneblobas saTaveSi premier giorgi kvirikaSvilis dros Caudga. 2018 wels kvirikaSvili Tanamdebobidan gadagda, mizezad ki xelisuflebasTan SeuTanxmebloba daasaxela. gazafxulze politikas daubrunda biZina ivaniSvili, romlis dabrunebis pirveli Tveebi mkafiod kritikuli iyo giorgi kvirikaSvilisa da anakliis kosorciiumisadmi. politikaSi mosuli da partia ,,lelos“ damfuZvnebeli mamuka
gadaamuSavebda. saqarTvelos, rogorc savaWro derefnis funqcias anakliis porti kidev ufro gaanamtkicebda. baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis proeqts Rrmawylovani porti kidev ufro gaaZlierebda. miTumetes, rom yarabaRis omis dasrulebis Semdeg, analitikosTa erTi nawili am savaWro gzas did safrTxes uwianswarmetyveleben. portis mSeneblobas mohqonda usafrTxoebis didi garantiac, erTi mxriv imitom, rom aq ideboda investiciebi aSS-dan da meore mxriv, ports mravali qveyana gamoiyenebda, rac saqarTvelos usafrTxoebas dRis wesrigSi daayenebda. ekenomika da usafrTxoeba mWdrodaa dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan. swored usafrTxo garemo aZlevT investorebs kapitaldabandebis survils.
os samxedro lojistikur rukaze stabilurobis niSnad gaCnda. 2014 wels yirimis dakavebis Semdeg ruseTma Sav zRvaSi ZalTa balansi Secvala, risi sapirispirod mobrunebac anakliis ports SeeZlo. anakliis porti iyo saSuleba, romliTac Cveni strategiuli mniSvneloba ,,natosTvis“ kidev ufro gaizrdeboda. anakliis porti ruseTis gavlenebs Sav zRvaze SezRudavda. mas SeeZlo ukeTesi da ufro iafi momsaxureba gaewia saerTaSoriso vaWrobisTvis. ruseTs Sav zRvaze aqvs ,,novorovskis porti’’, anakliis paralelurad daiwyes ,,tamanis portis“ mSeneblobac. tamanis portis teritoria okupirebul yirimTan, qerCis srutis teritoriazea, iq sadac Savi da azovis zRvebi erTmaneTs ukavSirdebian. ori azri ar aris, rom ruseTi Sav zRvaze gabatonebas politikuri miznebisTvis gamoiyenebs, amitomac SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom anakliis portis mSeneblobis SeferxebiT mxolod Cveni Crdiloeli mezobelia mogebul mdgomareobaSi.
anakliia dRes
xazaraZe acxadebs, rom nebismier fasad daicavs ucxoeli investorebis interesebs, portis mSeneblobas ki xelisuflebis cvlilebis Semdeg gaagrZelebs. faqtia, rom 2020 wlis daZabuli arCevnebis Semdeg, qveyanaSi politikuri viTareba kidev ufro meryevia, rac pasuxia im kiTxvaze, Tu ratom arsad Canan mTavrobis mier gamocxadebuli ,,axali investorebi ‘’ .
anakliis portis geopolitikuri mniSvneloba saqarTvelo Savi zRvis qveynebs Soris erTaderTia, romelsac dRemde ar aqvs Rrmawylovani porti. Rrmawylovan ports sxva navsadgurebisgan, strategiuli mdebareoba da zRvis fskeris siRrme ganasxvavebs, rac SesaZleblobas iZleva, qveyanam didi zomisa da mZimed datvirTuli gemebi miiRos. 2021 wlisTvis, roca portis mSenebloba mTlianad dasruldeboda, zRvis fskeris siRrme 16 metri iqneboda, rac gacilebiT metia, vidre baTumisa da foTis portebis. analiis portis strategiuloba xangrZlivi interesebis msaxurebas niSnavs. foTis porti weliwadSi saSualod 6,6-idan 7 milion tonamde tvirTs amuSavebs. anakliis porti mSeneblobis 9-ve fazis dasrulebis Semdeg weliwadSi saSualod 100 mln tonamde tvirTs
axla, roca qveyanaSi Sida araeulobaa, strategiuli kursi ara aris mkafiod gamoxatuli da regionSi saomari mdgomareoba met-naklebad isev SenarCunebulia, rTulia viwinaswarmetyveloT, rogor dasruldeba anakliis portis mSeneblobis sakiTxi.
,,CrdiloeTis qari“ anakliaSi anakliis porti ara mxolod savaWro, aramed samxedro mniSvnelobis obieqticaa. iq,sadac samxedro interesebi ikveTeba, SeuZlebelia saqme ruseTis gavlenisa da saTaviso interesebis gatarebis politikiT ar warimarTos. avRaneTSi ,,saerTaSoriso uSiSroebis daxmarebis Zalebis“ misiis mimdinareobisas, natosa da ruseTs Soris urTierTobebi kidev ufro daiZaba. mas Semdeg, rac ruseTma avRaneTisken mimavali samxedro tvirTis gatarebis SezRudva daiwyo, ,,nato“ iZulebuli gaxda gadaadgilebis alternatiuli gzebi moeZebna. marTalia, strategiuli mniSvnelobis tvirTi saaviacio gziT gadadis, Tumca darCenili 80%-is gadatanaSi mTavar rols sazRvao gza asrulebs. urTierTobebis kidev ufro daZabvamde, xazi iwyeboda rigis portSi, sarkinigzo gziT ruseTis teritoriamde Cadioda, Semdeg yazaxeT-uzbekeTis sazRvars kveTda da ase aRwevda avRaneTis CrdiloeT sazRvars. amis Semdeg, SemuSavebuli iyo axali gza, romelzedac saqarTvelo msofli-
anakliis porti saqarTvelosTvis erovnuli mniSvnelobisaa. mimdinare wlis 15 Tebervlidan kosorciumis damfuZvneblebze orkestrirebuli Setevebi daiwyo, rac dRemde grZeldeba. imis gasarkvevad, Tu ra viTarebaa dRes anakliaSi, Cven kosorciumis pressamsaxurs davukavSirdiT. ,,im mocemulobam, romelic dRes anakliaSi dgas, samwuxarod portis mSeneblobas xeli SeuSala. zarali miadga ara mxolod kosorciumis jgufs, aramed mTlianad qveyanasa da yvela dainteresebul pirs“, - gvicxadeben ,,anakliis ganviTarebis kosorciumis“ mediasTan urTierTobis samsaxurSi. 2019 wels ekonomikisa da mdgardi ganviTarebis saministrom, „korporacia foTis sazRvao navsadguris“ 2018 wlis 11 oqtombris gancxadebis safuZvelze, qalaq foTSi axali Rrmawylovani navsadguris miwis nakveTis samSeneblod gamoyenebis pirobebi daamtkica. kosorciumis warmoamdgenlebi gvicxadeben, rom es gadawyvetleba saxelisuflebo mxarem molaparakebebis gareSe miRo. maTi azriT, es gadawyvetileba ,,Tibisi bankis“ damaarseblebis sisxlis samarTlebriv devnasTan erTad, safrTxes uqmnis anakliis ganviTarebas. miuxedavad imisa, rom 30 maiss ministrma, naTia Turnavam dokumenti gaauqma, kosorciumSi saubroben rom am dromde zewolis qveS uxdebaT muSaoba. kosorciumis warmomadgenlebTan Cven mkafiod davsviT sakiTxi imis Taobaze, aqvT Tu ara investorebs mSeneblobis gagrZlebis raime saxis imedi, razec gvi pasuxes, rom am xelisuflebis mmarTvelobis pirobebSi kosorciums raime saxis molaparakebebis an mSeneblobis gagrZelebis iluzia aRar aqvs.
ქრისტინა კვაჭანტირაძე
veqtori
ვექტორი ეკონომიკაზე
fsonad dadebuli saxelmwifo biujeti 90-iani wlebSi, saqarTveloSi, mosaxleobisTvis sruliad axali da ucnobi biznesi gaCnda. qveyanaSi arsebuli socialuri fonidan gamomdianre, gaRatakebuli mosaxleoba, fulis Sovnis “martivi” meTodiT, azartuli TamaSiT dainteresda. xelisuflebis uyuradRebobiTa da azartuli TamaSebis biznesis arasaTanado SefasebiT, saTamaSo biznesi ufro da ufro gafarTovda. sazogadoebaSi gamyarebulia miTi, rom Tu xelisufleba azartuli TamaSebis regulaciebsa da raime zomiT mis akrZalvas dauSvebs, qveynis biujeti sagrZnoblad Semcirdeba da mosaxleoba dazaraldeba. magram aris Tu ara saTamaSo biznesisgan miRebuli Tanxa im raodenobis, rasac azartuli TamaSebis damcvelebi amboben da marTlac iqneba Tu ara regulaciebis daweseba qveynis biujetisTvis damazianebeli sakiTxavia. rogorc ukve aRvniSne, saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs azartuli TamaSebis mkacri regulaciebi, romlebic azartuli TamaSebis biznesze garkveul zegavlenas iqoniebs. saxelmwifos saTamaSo biznesnis mimarT liberaluri, lmobieri politika aqvs, rac kidev ufro zrdis biznesis aqtiurobasa da mogebis Tanxas da Sesabamisad, mocemuli ukontrolo sistema kidev ufro azianebs mosaxleobis socialur garemos. magaliTisTvis, azartuli TamaSebisgan aRebuli mosakrebelisa da yvela saxis gadasaxadis Tanxa ufro naklebia, vidre Tambaqos biznesis aqcizidan miRebuli Tanxa. unda gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom Tambaqos biznesis brunva bevrad dabalia azartuli TamaSebis kompaniebis brunvisgan.
2018 wlis monacemebiT, saqarTvelos biujetSi azartuli TamaSebidan Semosuli gadasaxadi Seadgens 136.5 mln lars (biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebis 1,4%), rac saTamaSo biznesis wliuri Semosavlisa da brunvis Zalian mcire raodenoba, daaxloebiT 1%-ia. sxva qveynebSi ki kompaniebs ufro maRali gadasaxadis gadaxda uwevT. saqarTvelo, evropuli kompaniebisTvis, kazinoebis samoTxed rCeba, rac gamowveulia dabali gadasaxadebisa da minimaluri dabegvriT. rac ar unda gasakviri iyos saqarTvelo ufro moTxovnadi biznes adgilia, vidre las vegasi andac monako. Tu azartuli TamaSebis wliuri brunvis moculoba saqarTveloSi 2018 wels 13 miliard lars Seadgenda, 2019 wels 25 miliardamde miaRwia, magram biujetSi gadaxdili Tanxa bevrad mcirea. Tbilisis masStabiT 561 saTamaSo obieqtia registrirebuli, aqedan saxmeleTo samorine aris mxolod 6, danarCeni ki onlainkazinoebia. rac Seexeba saqarTveloSi azartuli TamaSebis meore qalaqs baTums,
96 registrirebuli obieqtidan mxolod 8 saxmeleTo samorinea. rac ar unda gasakviri iyos, qveyanaSi sruli dabegvriT mxolod da mxolod saxmeleTo samorinoebi ibegreba, Sesabamisad ramdenime aseuli onlainkazino saxelmwifos gadasaxadebs ar uxdis. onlaintotalizatorebi mogebis gadasaxadebidanac, sruliad Tavisufldebian. ekonomisti giorgi TabulaSvilis TqmiT, „saqarTvelos biujeti onlainkazinoebis daubegraobiT, Zalian did Tanxas kargaven, samwuxarod ar arsebobs monacemebi, romlis daxmarebiTac Cven SevZlebT im Tanxis konkretuli raodenobis gagebas, rasac onlainkazinoebi gamoimuSaveben, es ki qveynis sagadasaxado sistemis Zalian didi xarvezia.“ kanoni mniSvnelovan SeRavaTs aZlevs samorines mflobelebsac. magalTad, saqarTvelos kanoni salicenzio da sanebarTvo mosakrebleblis Sesaxeb, azartuli da momgebiani TamaSebis mowyobis sanebarTvo mosakreblebi geografiuli mdebareobiT ganisazRvreba da radikalurad gasxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan. Tu saxmeleTo samorines mowyobisTvis qalaq TbilisSi mosakrebelis raodenoba 5 milon lars Seadgens, baTumSi Tanxa 20-jer naklebia da mxolod 250 000 lars Seadgens. baTumSi samorineebis mflobelebs SeuZliaT mosakreblisgan gaTavisufldnen, Tu samorines axladaSenebul sastumroebSi gaxsnian. Tbilisis samorineebs sxva SeRavaTebi aqvT, maT SeuZliaT gaxsnan araumetes sami samorine, yovelgvari mosakreblis gadaxdis gareSe. TbilisSi samorineSi saTamaSo magidebis ganTavseba, kvartalSi 40000 lars Seadgens, xolo baTumSi 24000 lars. baTumis biujetis 20%-s azartuli TamaSebidan Semosuli mosakrebeli Seadgens, Sesabamisad Cndeba kiTxva, aris Tu ara baTumis biujetis azartuli TamaSebidan miRebuli gadasaxadebze damokidebuleba xelovnurad Seqmnili, raTa xelisuflebam am mxriv, mosaxleobis ukmayofilebas argumentirebuli pasuxis gasces. 2019 wels parlamentarma levan gogiCaiSvilma SeimuSava kanonproeqti, romelic azartuli TamaSebis reklamebze regulaciebis dawesebas moicavda, magram saqarTvelos parlamentma mocemuli kanoni Caagdo. levan gogiCaiSvilma CvenTan saubrisas kideve erTxel ganacxada, rom saxelmwifo azartuli TamaSebis biznes farulad lobirebs.
„azartuli iTamaSebis kanonproeqtis paketi ukve ori welia Taroze devs, rogorc administrirebis aseve momxmareblebis Semcirebis kuTxiT seriozul garRvevas moaxdenda, Seamcirebda am qveyanaSi fulis realuri gaTeTrebis riskebs da arasrulwlovnebs davicavdiT azartuli TamaSebis servisebis miRebisagan, ’CavxsnidiT’’ sajaro biurokratebs da realurad movagvarebdiT problemebs. or welze metia vercerTma premier ministrma am sakiTxs xeli ver axlo. es segmenti, romelic ukve mravalmiliardiania, absoluturad ukontroloa. Zalian martivi sqemaa fulis gasaTeTreblad, adamianebs ki es am qveyanaSi awyobT“, - ambobs gogiCaiSvili. saTamaSo biznesis mflobelebis identificireba SeuZlebelia, radgan umetesoba registirebulia ucxoeTSi an ofSorul zonaSi. azartuli TamaSis kompaniebi sxvadasxva saxelebzea registrirebuli, raTa maTi registraciisa an mflobelebis Sesaxeb
informaciis mopoveba gagvirTuldes. ucxoeTidan Semosuli kompaniebis winaaRmdeg saxelmwifo, finansur davebSi sruliad uZluria, radgan maT evropuli kanonmdebloba icavs, saqarTvelos ki mkacri, xisti regulaciebi ar gaaCnia. saqarTveloSi regulaciebisa da finansebis garda azartul TamaSebis arsebobas, sxva uamravi problemac axlavs. azartul TamaSebze wvdoma aqvT arasrulwlovanebsac, onlainkazinoebze daregistrireba SeuZlia nebismier pirs, ar arsebobs raime sistema rac gaakontrolebs registraciis pirobebs, Tundac registraciisas piradobis damadasturebeli mowmobis aslis foto, an piris “selfi”. bavSvTa uflebaTa kodeqsSi azartuli TamaSebi mavneblobis mxriv gaigivebulia alkoholTan, TambaqosTan, narkotikTan da pornografiasTan. rac ar unda ucnauri iyos, saqarTveloSi arsebuli monacemebiT (kvleva „dedebis gaerTianeba azartuli TamaSebiw winaaRmdeg“) azartuli TamaSebis moTamaSeTa asakis qveda zRvari 14 welia. qveyanas ar aqvs sajaro centri, sadac azartul TamaSebze damokidebul pirebs mkuranloba SeeZlebaT, aris kerZo centrebi, romlebic msgavsi problemebis mqone adamianebs uweven daxmarebas, sakuTari xarjebiT, ar aqvT raime saxelmwifo daxmareba. daavadebul adamians saqarTvelos jandacvis sfero daxmarebas ver uwevs. piri damokidebulia sakuTar Tavze, SesaZleblobebsa da finansebze. saTamaSo biznesis mimarT regulaciebis daweswebaze saubari ar ganaxlebula. saqarTveloSi saTamaSo biznes uamravi mowimaaRdege hyavs, magram am yvelafers Sedegi dRemde ar moutania, radgan xelisufleba sazogadoebas jer kidev umtkicebs imas, rom msgavsi biznesis regulaciebiT SezRudva saxelmwifo biujets didad daazaralebs.
თორნიკე ჭიტაძე
veqtori
13
ვექტორი მსოფლიოზე
saarCveno cieb-cxeleba dasrulda! oficialurad, amerikas axali prezidenti hyavs 2020 wlis 3 noembers amerikis mosaxleobam kidev erTxel gaakeTa mniSvnelovani arCevani. ramdenime Tviani saarCevno kampaniisa da xmebis 4 dRiani daTvlis Semdeg qveynis pirveli piris Tanamdeboba jo baidenma daikava. misi inauguracia momdevno wlis 20 ianvrisTvisaa dagegmili. Sedegebis gamocxadebis gaWianureba, pandemiis gamo, fostis saSulebiT xmis micemis uprecedentod maRalma maCvenebelma ganapiroba, ris gamoc, eqscesebis Tavidan asacileblad saWiro gaxda xmebis daTvlis dros gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis gamoCena. arCevnebis mimdinareobisa da Sedegebis garSemo, aSS-is momavali sagareo Tu saSinao politikisa da amerika-saqarTvelos urTierTobebis Sesaxeb gazeTi „veqtori“ saerTaSoriso sakiTxebSi prezidentis yofil mrCevels, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis specialists, Tengiz fxalaZes esaubra.
- rogor mimdinareobda saarCevno procesi StatebSi da raime iseT darRvevas xom ar hqonda adgili, romelic arCevnebis legitimurobas eWvqveS ayenebs?
- naklebad mosalodnelia amerikis arCevnebSi iseTi darRveva moxdes, rac mis legitimurobas kiTxvis niSnis qveS daayenebs. Cven Tu visaubrebT imaze, SesaZlebelia Tu ara, iyos sasamarTlo ganxilvebi calkeuli darRvevebis garSemo, ki aris, radgan esaa demokratiuli arCevnebis Tanmxlebi nawili. miT umetes, amerikis SemTxvevaSi, sadac xmebis gadaTvla SeiZleba moiTxovos nebismierma mxarem, mcireodeni uzustobis drosac ki. rogorc cnobili gaxda, jorjiis StatSi gadaiTvleba saarCevno xmebi. aSS-Si es procesi, rogorc wesi, eleqtronulad mimdinareobs, magram am SemTxvevaSi daTvla xeliT moxdeba. aseTi precendenti iyo aseve 2000 wels buSisa da al goris saarCevno dapirispirebis dros. imis Tqma minda, rom aseTi faqtebi xdeboda da moxdeba, magram rac Seexeba arCevnebis legitimurobaSi eWvis Setanas, es Zalian Sorsaa im realobisagan, romelic dRes aris amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi.
- kolumbiis olqSi baidenma xmebis 92,6% daagrova, trampma vuaiomingSi 70%. ra iwvevs amomrCevlis aseT azrTa
sxvadasxvaobas erTi qveynis or StatSi? - Cven gvaqvs amaze moqmedi sxvadasxva faqtori. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi bevri ramiTaa mravalferovani qveyana, maT Soris amomrCevlis ganwyobiT. erTi mxarea, rom arseboben tradiciuli olqebi, sadac demokratebsac da respublikelebsac hyavT stabiluri mxardamWerebi. meorea is, Tu rogori socialuri jgufi Warbobs StatSi. did qalaqebSi, rogorebicaa niu-orki da los-anjelesi, trampis mimarT meti skepticimzi iyo, xolo mcire qalaqebSi ufro meti mxardamWeri hyavda. sabolood yvelaferi damokidebulia imaze, Tu eleqtoratis ra nawilze muSaobs esa Tu is kandidati. kolumbiis olqSi da Tavad dedaqalaq vaSingtonSic trampma xmebis mcire maCvenebeli daagrova, rac sruliad logikuria da kargad asaxavs im ganwyobas, romelic am StatSi iyo zemoTnaxsenebi mizezebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
- baidenma trampi kolegiis xmebis TiTqmis rekorduli maCvenebliT daamarcxa. iyo Tu ara es mosalodneli da ram gamoiwvia is, rom moqmedma prezidentma ver moaxerxa Tanamdebobis meore vadiT SenarCuneba? - unikaluroba imaSi, rom trampma ver moaxerxa meore vadiT mosvla, araferi araa, radgan aseTi SemTxvevebi ukve yofila amerikis istoriaSi. Tumca, ra Tqma unda, amas bevri subieqturi Tu obieqturi mizezi aqvs. es aris, erTi mxriv baidenis, rogorc qarizmatuli lideris, meore mxriv, ki misi saarCevno kampaniis, maRali profesionalizmiT gamorCeuli gundis damsaxureba. amasTanave arCevnebis aseTi Sedegi ganapiroba im problemebma, romlebis winaSec dadga donald trampi da misi administracia. magaliTad, kovid-19 da “black lives matter” kampania. baidenis xmebi, romelmac misi gamarjveba gamoiwvia, aris, erTi mxriv, misi mxardamWerebis, xolo ,meore mxriv, trampis mowinaaRmdegeTa xmebi.
- ra Zireuli cvlilebebi SeiZleba moxdes qveynis Sida politikaSi baidenis inauguraciis Semdeg? - pirveli, rac mniSvnelovani da gasaTvaliswinebelia, aris is, rom baideni Tavisi politikuri msoflmxedvelobiT aris iseTi ti pis adamiani, romelic ecdeba, rom iyos gamaerTianebeli. man Tqva kidec, rom is iqneba sruliad amerikis, da ara mxolod demokratebis prezidenti. es niSnavs, rom misi erovnuli interesebi dgas yvelaze maRla da unda moxdes TanamSromloba im miznebis misaRwevad, rasac qveyana daisaxavs.
sxvaTaSoris, es aris erT-erTi iseTi ram, rac mas ganasxvavebs trampisagan, vinaidan is ZiriTadad muSaobda Tavis amomrCevelze da es kargadac gamosdioda, Tumca amis gamo, amavdroulad is moqalaqeTa meore nawilSi anti paTias iwvevda, Tundac maT mimarT misi damaxasiaTebeli uxeSi gamoTqmebis gamo. vfiqrob, rom socialur sferoSi Seicvleba bevri ram. unda velodoT obamas administraciis socialuri politikis gagrZelebas, Tumca ufro zustad am cvlilebebis Sesaxeb uaxloes momavalSi SevityobT.
- unda velodoT Tu ara cvlilebebs qveynis farglebs gareT, sagareo politikaSi? - rac Seexeba sagareo politikas. zogadad demokratebi yovelTvis gamoirCevian saerTaSoriso organizaciebSi aqtiurobiT, Sesabamisad unda velodoT uaxloes momavalSi maT dabrunebas iseT saerTaSoriso formatebSi, saidanac bolo periodSi moxda an amerikis gamosvla, an misi rolisa da poziciis Sesusteba. magaliTisTvis, es iqneba parizis klimatis cvlilebis qartiasTan xelaxali mierTeba, jandacvis msoflio organizaciaSi dabruneba. amasTan erTad, mimaCnia, rom misi roli gaizrdeba natosa da gaeroSi. is winaaRmdegobebi, rac iyo evrokavSirsa da SeerTebul Statebs Soris, Tundac savaWro sferoSi, gadaixedeba da gamoswordeba.
li mxardaWera, miuxedavad imisa, Tu vin aris aSSs saTaveSi, demokrati Tu respublikeli mmarTveli. ratomRac, saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia miTi, rom, roca amerikis saTaveSi respublikeli prezidentia, meti yuradReba eqceva mas. ar vici, saidan modis es mosazreba, arsebobs mTeli rigi magaliTebisa, roca demokrati mmarTvelis pirobebSi bevri CvenTvis sasargeblo gadawyvetileba iqna miRebuli. magaliTad SegviZlia aviRoT klintonis administraciis roli saqarTvelodan rusuli samxedro bazebis gayvanis sakiTxSi. jo baideni aris adamiani, romelic Zalian kargad icnobs saqarTvelos da araerTxel yofila aq, maSin, rodesac es gvWirdeboda. masTan erTad, misi profesionali da kvalificiuri jgufic garkveulia ruseTis im sagareo politikaSi, romelsac is am regionSi atarebs. kidev erTi mniSvnelovani ram, rac ar unda gamovtovoT aris is, rom swored baidenis vice-prezidentobis dros gaJRerda azri saqarTvelosTvis Tavisufali vaWrobis uflebis miniWebaze. sabolood imis winaswar Tqma, Tu ra moxdeba am qveynebs Soris, SeuZlebelia, magram molodinebi aris kargi da imedismomcemi.
- bolos, ramdenad gamarTlda Tqveni molodinebi aSS-is 2020 wlis arCevnebis mimdinareobisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb? - prognozebis gakeTeba arCevnebis Sesaxeb arc Tu ise saxarbielo ramaa. imaze, rom baidens hqonda gamarjvebis seriozuli SesaZlebloba bevri faqtori miuTiTebda da moulodnelobas ar hqonia adgili. aseTi Sedegis dadgoma ar yofila warmoudgeneli, metic, es iyo logikuri, miuxedavad imisa, rom trampsa da mas Soris saarCevno kampaniis dros ar yofila mniSvnelovani sxvaoba. aw ukve amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis axalma prezidentma gamarjvebisaTvis warmatebiT gamoiyena yvela mis xelT arsebuli Sansi.
ლუიზა თედორაძე
- jo baidenis prezidentoba rogor imoqmedebs amerika-saqarTvelos urTierTobebze? Seicvleba Tu ara is politika, romelsac dasavleli megobari atarebda Cvens qveyanaSi? - aranairi winapiroba imisa, rom saqarTvelosa da amerikas Soris arsebuli urTierToba mniSvnelovnad Seicvleba, gansakuTrebiT uaresisaken, ar arsebobs. Cvens Soris di plomatiuri kavSiris damyarebis Semdeg, Cvens qveyanas Statebis mxridan aqvs orpartiu-
aborti - poloneTis xangrZlivi protestis istoria poloneTi bolo drois erT-erTi yvelaze masStaburi saprotesto gamosvlebis mTavari kera gaxda. centralur evropaSi mdebare es qveyana erT-erTia im saxelmwifoTagan, sadac mravali mizeziT, sxvadasxva dros gamovlenili protestis mxilveli mTeli msoflio gamxdara. maT Soris abortis akrZalvis sakiTxs vxvdebiT, Temas, romlis garSemoc araerTxel gaerTianebula poloneTis sazogadoeba. abortis akrZalvis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli saprotesto gamosvlebi, sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mier, poloneTis mTel rig qalaqebSi abortis akrZalvas mohyva. protesti abortis gakeTebis uflebis kidev ufro SezRudvam gamoiwvia, Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom poloneTis mTavroba am sakiTxis mimarT humanuri arasdros yofila. Tuki aqamde abortTan dakavSirebuli kanonmdeblobiT misi ufleba izRudeboda, rogorc incestis, gaupatiurebis, orsulobis Tanmdevi, janmrTelobasTan da sicocxlesTan dakavSirebuli riske-
14
bis SemTxvevaSi da nayofis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani Seferxebisas, 2020 wlis 22 oqtombers poloneTis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos uflebamosilebiT es ukanaskneli - nayofis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani SezRudva, ugulebelyofili iqna da Sesabamisad, aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi qals abortis gakeTebis ufleba aekrZala. poloneTis mTavrobis am gadawyvetilebas qveyanaSi yvelaze didi, TiTqmis analogis armqone protesti mohyva. protestma moicva poloneTis sxvadasxva qalaqi, SeaRwia eklesiaSi, erTdroulad gan-
viTarebuli da ganviTarebadi msoflios yuradRebis epicentrSi aRmoCnda. mSvidobiani moqalaqeebi varSavaSi sakonstitucio sasamarTlos SenobasTan ikribebodnen. saprotesto aqciebma poloneTis 50 qalaqi moicva, maT Soris- krakovi, loZi, SCecini. aqciebis mexuTe dRes protestma gansakuTrebiT farTo saxe miiRo, saprotesto talRam samanqano gzebi gadaketa, ris Sedegadac satransporto moZraoba erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi poloneTis sxvadasxva qalaqSi Seferxda. policielebis mxirdan Zalis gamoyenebamac ar daayovna, samarTaldamcavebma momitingeebis SeCerebis mizniT cremlsadeni gazi gamoiyenes. Setakebebis epicentrma iaroslav kaCinskis, mmarTveli partiis lideris, saxlTan gadainacvla. sagulisxmoa, rom 2019 wlis monacemebiT poloneTSi kanonieri abortebis 98%
swored nayofis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani Seferxebis gamo gakeTda, aq ki mTavrobisa da sazogadoebis dapirispirebis mTavari motivi naTlad ikveTeba. mniSvnelovania, rom poloneTis aqtiuri samoqalaqo sazogadoeba gasuli saukunis 30-iani wlebidan aSkara protests gamoxatavs. istoriul mdgomareobas, sabWour da na-
cistur zegavlenas protestis gaRvivebaSi gansakuTrebuli wvlili miuZRvis. aSkaraa, rom poloneTis mosaxleoba am Temis mimarT sensitiurad aris ganwyobili. swored es SeiZleba CavTvaloT maTi dausrulebeli, dauRalavi protestis mizezad, romelic saukunesac iTvlis. Gგაგრძელება მე-15 გვერდზე
veqtori
ვექტორი მსოფლიოზე
terorizmis safrTxe evropaSi 2020 wlis 2 noembers avstriis dedaqalaq venaSi sazareli teraqti moxda, romelsac 4 adamianis sicocxle emsxverpla. venis teraqtze pasuxismgebloba teroristulma dajgufebam¬¬„islamurma saxelmwifom“ aiRo. „es namdvilad teraqtia,“ Tqva avstriis kanclerma sebastian kurcma. venis quCebSi xalxmravlobaa, saRamos rva saaTi, sul cotac da pandemiasTan sabrZolveli axali regulaciebi ZalaSi Seva. moqalaqeebi SedarebiT Tavisufal bolo dRes kafe-barebSi atareben. SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxma daaxloebiT 20:00 saaTze venis SuagulSi iwyeba, swored maSin, rodesac sul cota droa darCenili komendantis saaTis gamocxadebamde. „cecxlsasroli iaraRiT SeiaraRebulia ramdenime adamiani“ - ganacxada venis policiam. qalaqis mosaxleoba panikaSia, TiTqmis SuaRamea, „Cven amazrzeni teroristuli aqtis mowmeni varT, romelic axlac mimdinareobs,“ - pirdapir eTerSi acxadebs kancleri. sul cota dro iyo gasuli kancleris gancxadebidan, rodesac kidev erTi msrolelis Sesaxeb vrceldeba informacia, Tumca gaugebaria, es igive adamiania Tu ara, vinc Tavdapirvelad ganaxorciela Tavdasxma, radgan am droisTvis xelisuflebas warmodgena ar aqvs, ramdeni Tavdamsxmeli moqmedebs qalaqis masStabiT. saswrafo daxmarebis manqanebma savali gza gadaketes. kurci acxadebs, rom man samxedro Zala gamoiZaxa oficialuri uwyebebis Senobebis usafrTxoebisTvis. teroristuli Tavdasxmis dawyebidan ramdenime saaTSi situacia dawynarda, specdaniSnulebis razmebma usafrTxoebis deref-
nebis gamoyenebiT daiwyes kafeebsa da barebSi CarCenili moqalaqeebis gamoyvana. policiam mTeli Zalebi qalaqis centrisken mimarTa, sadac maTi informaciiT, kidev erTi Tavdamsxmeli unda yofiliyo. qalaqSi TiTqmis sagangebo mdgomareoba cxaddeba. qveynis liderebi moqalaqeebs Sin darCenisken da qalaqis centrSi gadaadgilebisgan Tavis Sekavebisken mouwodeben. mogvianebiT gavrcelda kadrebi im adgilisa, sadac pirveli Tavdasxma ganxorcielda. esaa quCebis mWidro qseli, romelic datvirTulia kafeebiT, barebiTa da sxvadasxva gasarTobi dawesebulebebiT, am quCazeve mdebareobs sinagoga. adgilobrivebi am adgils „bermudis samkuTxedsac“ uwodeben, samarTaldamcvelebma ganacxades, rom maTTvis gaurkvevelia ra an vin iyo Tavdamsxmelebis samizne. avstriis ebrauli religiuri sazogadoebis prezidenti oskar doiCi „TviTs“ aqveynebs, sadac wers, rom srola Tavdapirvelad taZris siaxloves daiwyo, magram taZari am droisTvis daketili iyo. „CemTvis gaugebaria iyo Tu ara samizne taZari“- wers igi. doiCis garda, sinagogasTan srolis Sesaxeb informacias policiac avrcelebs - „Tavdasxma eqvs adgilas ganxorcielda, maT Soris sinagogasTan, qalaqis centrSi“. gamTenias sagangebo mdgomareoba cxaddeba, sebastian kurci iuwyeba, rom Tavdasxmam oTxi adamianis sicocxle imsxverpla, daSavebulia ocze meti samoqalaqo piri, teroristi ki likvidirebulia. kancleri gancxadebaSi uaryofs gavrcelebul informacias imis Sesaxeb, rom TavdamsxmelTa raodenoba erTze metia. misi TqmiT, teroristi identificirebulia da misi vinaoba dadgenilia. „kaci, romelmac venis centrSi cecxli gaxsna, 20 wlis avstriis moqalaqea, igi SeiaraRebuli iyo avtomaturi SaSxaniT, pistoletiTa da maCetiT, misi likvidireba policiam 20:09 saaTze SeZlo, cecxlis gaxsnidan 9 wuTis Semdeg“ - ganacxada avstriis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma-karl nehamerma. policias TiTqmis ori dRe da aTasobiT videoCanaweris naxva
dasWirda imis dasadgenad, rom teroristi marto moqmedebda. rogorc Semdeg irkveva, jihadisti 20 wlis kujtim feizulaia, romelsac 2019 wlis 25 aprils miesaja Tavisuflebis aRvkveTa 22 TviT, teroristuli dajgufebasTan SesaZlo kavSiris gamo. Tumca misi mcire asakidan gamomdinare, avstriis xelisuflebam dekemberSi gaaTavisufla. savaraudod, feizulaim garkveuli dro gaatara venis otakringis raionis meCeTSi. gardacvlili SeiaraRebuli piris Tavdapirvelma advokatma- nikolaus rastma avstriul medias ganucxda, rom feizulai sakmaod normaluri ojaxidanaa, magram „cudi“ megobrebi hyavda. „is iyo axalgazrda kaci, romelic eZebda Tavis adgils sazogadoebaSi, romelic aSkarad „araswor meCeTSi“ wavida. verasdros warmovidgendi, rom is SeiZleboda mkvleli gamxdariyo.“ - Tqva nikolaus rastma. teraqtze pasuxismgebloba teroristulma dajgufebam- „islamurma saxelmwifom“ aiRo.
es iyo venaSi, 2020 wlis 2 noembers. bolo ramdenime welia, evropis qveynebSi teroristuli Tavdasxmebis raodenoba imatebs, amaze metyvelebs statistikac. ucxour mediaSi vrceldeba informacia, rom evropis qveynebis uSiSroebis samsaxurebi, venis Tavdasxmis Semdeg, „jihadistebis teroristuli Tavdasxmebis momavali talRisTvis“ emzadebian. ramdenad realuria safrTxe? ratom ver SeZlo avstriis xelisuflebam venis teraqtis SeCereba? rogor ebrZvis evropa terorizms? sad aris an sad ar aris saqarTvelo am „omSi“? am kiTxvebze pasuxis misaRebad politologs, eqsperts saerTaSoriso da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi nika CitaZes mivmarTeT.
- SeeZlo Tu ara avstriis xelisuflebas 2 noembris teraqtis Tavidan acileba?
- zogadad teraqtis Tavidan acileba Zalian Znelia. msoflios uZlieres saxelmwifoebsac uWirT xolme, winaswar gansazRvron mosalodneli Tavdasxmebi, sakmarisia gavixsenoT yvelaze cnobili 11 seqtembris teraqti
amerikaSi, 1990 wels afeTqeba oklahomaSi. alqaidam 2004 wels ganaxorciela kidev erTi teroristuli aqti londonSi, 2005 wels madridSi. eraySi amerikis jarebis Sesvlis Semdeg Zalian bevri teraqti ganxorcielda msoflios masStabiT. aqedan gamomdinare SeiZleba iTqvas, rom is, rac moxda venaSi, misi Tavidan acileba da winaswar gansazRvra Zalian rTuli iyo, miuxedavad imisa, rom avstrias Sesabamisi resurebi aqvs. samxedro TvalsazrisiT avstriaze bevrad Zlieri qveynebic ki ver umklavdebian teroristul aqtebs.
- Sky News-s miawodes cnoba, rom evropis qveynebis uSiSroebis samsaxurebi, venis Tavdasxmis Semdeg, „jihadistebis teroristuli Tavdasxmebis momavali talRisTvis“ emzadebian. rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad realuria safrTxe da SesaZlebelia Tu ara uSiSroebis samsaxurebis eWvebi gamarTldes? - safrTxe, ra Tqma unda, arsebobs da is realuria. evropaSi 70 milionze meti migrantia, romelTa sakmaod didi nawili islamis mimdevaria. „islamuri saxelmwifo“ 2014 wlis monacemebiT akontrolebda erayis 16 provincias, mas Semdeg, rac dakarga kontroli teritoriebze, dajgufebam Secvala taqtika, amJamad maT evropis sxvadasxva qveynebSi aqvT e.w „filialebi“, romelTa meSveobiT teroristuli organizacia cdilobs ganaxorcielos teraqtebi evropis kontinentze. safrTxe realuria, gamklaveba SesaZlebeli, magram sakmaod rTuli.
- Tu statistikas Tvals gadavavlebT aSkaraa, rom 2014 wlis
Semdeg evropaSi ganxorcielebuli teroristuli aqtebis raodenoba mkveTrad gazrdilia. ra ganapirobebs am ricxvebis zrdas da unda velodoT Tu ara, rom kidev ufro moimatebs Tavdasxmebis ricxvi? - mas Semdeg rac „islamurma saxelmwifom“ mniSvnelovan regionebze dakarga kontroli, dajgufebam Secvala taqtika. mogexsenebaT, teroristuli dajgufebis mTavari mizani islamuri saxelmwifos Camoyalibeba iyo, Tumca teritoriebis dakargvis Semdeg ukve daiwyes teraqtebis ganxorcieleba evropis qveynebSi. aqac moqmedebs imigrantTa ricxvi. „islamuri saxelmwifos“ 7000 mebrZoli swored evrokavSiris wevri qveynebidan iyo. bevri maTgani kvlav daubrunda evropas. bevri faqtoriTaa ganpirobebuli Tavdasxmebis ricxvis zrda.
aris Tu ara terorizmis safrTxe saqarTveloSi da SesaZlebelia Tu ara saqarTvelo momavalSi gaxdes teroristebis samizne? - safrTxe aris. saqarTvelo esazRvreba CrdiloeT kavkasias da swored am regionSi moqmedebs sxvadasxva teroristuli dajgufeba. meores mxriv, „islamuri saxelmwifos“ warmomadgenlebisTvis miuRebelia saqarTvelos sagareo politikuri orientacia. Tumca vfiqrob, rom ufro didi safrTxe momdinareobs ruseTidan ara mxolod okupaciis saxiT, aramed saxelmwifo terorizmis kuTxiTac.
რატი სარდანაძე
aborti - poloneTis xangrZlivi protestis istoria მე-14 გვერდიდან
1932 wlamde aborti ubralod akrZaluli iyo, yovelgvari gamonaklisis gareSe. amave wels, axali sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis regulaciiT, aborti nebadarTuli gaxda im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobda samedicino mizezi an orsuloba damdgari iyo danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Sedegad. meore msoflio omis dros, maSin rodesac poloneTi nacisturi germaniis mier iyo okupirebuli, aRniSnuli kanoni ZalaSi rCeboda. amis Semdeg sagulisxmoa 1956 weli, rodesac poloneTis parlamentma aborti legalurad scno im SemTxvevaSi Tu qals cxovreba rTul pirobebSi, srulyofilad cxovrebisTvis SeuTavsebel garemoebaSi uwevda. 60-iani, 70-iani wlebisTvis poloneTi met-naklebad xelmisawvdom qveyanad iTvleba, sadac abortis gakeTebis mizniT, mezobeli saxelmwifoebidan Cadiodnen. aRsaniSnavia, rom amis Semdeg abortis legaluri mopovebisTvis saWiro proceduruli moTxovnebi ramdenjerme 1956, 1959, 1969, 1981 da 1990 wlebSi Seicvala. mas Semdeg, rac sabWoTa kavSiris mmarTveloba poloneTSi dasrulda qalebs abortis ufleba mxolod gaupatiurebis an incestis SemTxvevaSi miecaT, aseve maSin, Tuki maTi sicocxle safrTxis qveS iyo an Canasaxs ganviTarebis paTologiebi hqonda. qronologiurad swored aq, me-20 saukunis bolosa da 21-e saukunis dasawyisSi TandaTan niadagi myardeba abortis akrZalvis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli farTomasStabiani aqciebisTvis, romlebsac ufro mogvianebiT sasurveli dasasrulic mohyva - mas Semdeg, rac 2016 wels 6 milionamde poloneli qali quCaSi gamovida da erTxmad gaaprotesta
veqtori
poloneTis mmarTveli mTavrobis mier mxardaWerili kanoni abortis wesebis gamkacrebasTan dakavSirebiT. mniSvnelovania, rom aRniSnuli kanonproeqti kontraceptivebis akrZalvas gulisxmobda, Tumca aqtiuri da erT-erTi yvelaze masobrivi protestis talRis Sedegad kanonproeqti ukan gaiwvies.
saubroben. maTi TqmiT, masobrivi saprotesto gamosvlebi dRiurad 5000 axali dadasturebuli koronavirusis SemTxvevis momtani SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rac noembris bolosTvis 31 000 kovidinficirebuls udris. miuxedavad mosalodneli statistikebisa, sakmaod rTuli epidviTarebisa da pandemiis gaaqtiurebuli
aSkaraa, rom 2020 weli mravali mizezis gamo poloneTisTvis mTavar gamowvevad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. Covid19-is gavrcelebis paralelurad mimdinare saprotesto gamosvlebi qveynis epidviTarebaze uaryofiTad aisaxeba, amis Sesaxeb, poloneTis adgilobrivi presis gamocemebi aqtiurad
gavrcelebisa mTeli msoflios masStabiT, aqciis monawileebs ukan ar dauxeviaT da winaaRmdegobis gawevas isev cdiloben. abortis legitimaciis sakiTxi sxvadasxva dros araerTi saxelmwifos mTavari sakamaTo Tema gamxdara, niSandoblivia, rom saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis
mxridan poloneTSi mimdinare aqciebs gamoxmaureba mohyva. saerTaSoriso dawesebulebebisa da organizaciebis yuradRebas aRniSnuli sakiTxi bolo drosac i pyrobs, saerTaSoriso amnistia, reproduqciuli janmrTelobis centrisa da HRW(Human Rights Watch)-is iniciativiT damoukidebeli eqspert-damkvireblebis gagzavna, poloneTis sakonstitucio tribunalis uaxloes mosmenaze igegmeba. samive organizaciam werilobiT mimarTa sakonstitucio tribunals, sasamarTloSi oficialurad adgilebis moTxovniT, raTa damkvirveblebma procesebze Tvalis midevneba SeZlon. sasamarTlo dakvirveba, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis, aseve samoqalaqo saqmeebSi da sxva saxis sasamarTlo procesebze xdeba, sadac adamianis uflebebis kritikuli xasiaTis problemebia. amdenad, calsaxaa, rom poloneTSi mimdinare procesebi ar aris monotonuri bunebis. savsebiT samarTlianad SeiZleba Tqma, rom protesti, romelic dRes Riad mimdinareobs saTaves gasuli saukunidan iRebs, jer kidev im droidan, rodesac saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb mxolod Teoriuli cnobebis miReba iyo SesaZlebeli, ramdenadac centralur evropaSi mdebare poloneTi momwyvdeuli iyo erTis mxriv, sabWoTa, xolo meores mxriv, nacisturi germaniis mier dawesebul CarCoebSi da ver axerxebda araTu Tavisufali nebis gamoxatvas, aramed damoukidebeli TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebas.
მარიამ კვეტენაძე
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ვექტორი თავდაცვაზე
kavkasia kvlav ruseTis „klanWebSi” - yarabaRis omis gakveTili „teqsti, romelic ukve gamoqveynda, aris daujereblad mtkivneuli CemTvis da Cveni xalxisTvis“, -aseTi Sinaarsis gancxadeba gaavrcela soxeTis premier-ministrma nikol paSinianma socialur qsel „fesbuqSi“, mas Semdeg rac, 10 nomebers azerbaijanis prezident ilham alievTan da ruseTis prezident vladimer putinTan erTad, xeli moawera mTian yarabaRSi omis Sewyvetis gadawyvetilebas. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am SeTanxmebiT mTiani yarabaRis „mesame omi“ axali gadanawilebiTa da regionSi seriozuli geopolitikuri ZvrebiT dasruda. SeTanxmebis gaformebidan maleve rusma samSvidoboebma yarabaRis teritoria daikaves, paralelurad areuloba iyo erevanSi.
ra weria somxeTazerbaijanis SeTanxmebaSi nikol faSinianis gancxadebidan maleve gamoqveynda qveynebs Soris gaformebuli 9-punqtiani SeTanxmebis sruli teqsti. sadac vkiTxulobT, rom aRdamis regioni da gazaRis regionis somxeTis mier kontrolirebadi teritoria ubrundeba azerbaijans. garda amisa, rusi samSvidoboebi ganTavsdebia e.w.kontaqtis xazis gaswvriv da laCinis koridorSi. mSvidobismyofelebi aRiWurvebian mcire raodenobis iaraRiT. amasTanave, rusi samSvidoboebis kontigenti kofliqtis zonas somxuri Zalebis gasvlisTanave daikavebs. rac Seexeba maT konfliqtis zonaSi muSaobis vadas, is ganisazRvra avtonmaturi gaxangrZlivebis pirobiTa da xuTi wliT, im SemTxvevaSi Tu arcerTi mxare ar iqneba amis winaaRmdegi. 9-punqtian SeTanxmebaSi naTqvamia, rom rusi samSvidoboebi yarabaRis teritoriaze cecxlis Sewyvetis SeTanxmebis dacvis kontrolisTvis ganTavsdebian SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, somxeTis republika azerbaijans aseve ubrunebs kalbajaris da laCinis regionebs. aseve darCeba laCinis derefani, romelic mTian yarabaRs somxeTTan akavSirebs. somxeTi kargavs gavlenas qalaq SuSaze. SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, momdevno 3 weliwadSi axali gegma unda SemuSavdes, romelic uzrunvelyofs stefanakertsa da somxeTs Soris komunikacias. azerbaijani uzrunvelyofs sagzao moZraobis usafrTxoebas laCinis derefnis gaswvriv. mxareebi aseve SeTanxmdnen samxedro tyveebis, patimrebis da daRupulTa sxeulebis gacvlis sakiTxze, SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, devnilebi da iZulebiT gadaadglebuli pirebi daubrundebian mTian yarabaRsa da mimdebare teriotoriebs gaeros devnilTa umaRlesi komisriskontrolis qveS.
erevanSi ganviTarebuli movlenebi premier-ministr paSinianis gancxadebas erevanSi masobrivi areuloba da protesti mohyva. demonstrantebi danarCen mosaxleobas quCaSi gamosvlisken mouwodebda. isini ambobdnen, rom yarabaRis teriotorias ar daTmobdnen. mogvianebiT demontrantebi mTavrobis sasaxleSi SeiWrnen da daarbies. garda amisa, ini fizikurad gauswordnen somxeTis parlamentis spikeris, ararat mirzoians, romelic manqanidan gadmoaTries da sastikad scemes. mirzoians operacia gaukeTda da misi mdgomareoba damakmayofilebelia. am yvelafris Semdeg demontrantebi parlamentis Senobisken daiZrnen, miuxedavad dacvis winaaRmdegobisa maT sxdomaTa darbazi daikaves da tribunidan moiTxovdnen yarabaRSi samxedro moqmedebebis ganaxlebas. aqcia erevanSi mTeli Ramis ganmav-
16
lobaSi mimdinareba, premieri paSiniani ki mosaxleobas daSlisa da mSvidobiken mouwodebda. erevanSi protesti am dromde mimdinareobs, demonstrantebi premier-ministrisa da mTavrobis gadadgomas iTxoven. amasTanave Tanamdeboba datova mmarTveli partiis 4-ma deputatma, romelTa gancxadebiT, nikol faSinianis gancxadeba, sadac igi jariskacebs mxardaWeras sTxovs, samoqalaqo omisadmi mowodebaa. aseve dakavebuli Tanamdebobidan gadadga qveynis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma – zohrab mnacakaniani. nikol faSinianis gancxadebiT, igi xelisuflebidan wasvlas ar apirebs. somxeTis prezidenti ki ambobs, rom Seqmnil mdgomareobaSi, krizisidan gamosvlis saukeTeso saSualeba mTavrobis gadadgomaa. armen sarqisianma nikol paSinians mouwoda axali samoqmedo gegma waredgina. „vfiqrob, erTaderTi sapasuxismgeblo midgoma aRniSnul momentSi iqneba is, rom mTavrobam da mmarTvelma Zalam sworad Seafasos sakuTari potenciali da warmoadginos samomavlo politikuri procesebis gegma mokle vadebSi, rac amavdroulad droSi iqneba gawerili”, - ambobda sarqisiani. 18 noembers nikol paSinianma marTlac warmoadgina gegma, romlis mixedviTac, is gegmavs molaparakebis procesi gaagrZelos euTos minskis jgufis farglebSi. faSinians gegmebs Sorisaa aseve daRupul samxedroTa ojaxebis socialuri garantiebis uzrunvelyofa, daWrili
samxedroebis problemebis mogvareba da tyveebis dabruneba. samoqmedo gegma aseve iTvaliswinebs reformebs qveynis politikur, socialur da ekonomikur sferoebSi. istorikosi beqa kobaxiZe nikol paSinianis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis Sefasebisas ambobs, rom paSiniani sworad moiqca 9 noembers, rodesac SeTanxmebas xeli moawera, Tumca man bevri Secdoma dauSva manamde. „paSinianma Tavidan bolomde gaiucxova ruseTi, rac ramdenime faqtorma ganapiroba, erTi - rom is xelisuflebaSi revoluciiT movida, rac ruseTs ar uyvars. amis Semdeg paSinianma dasva kiTxvebi „odekabes“ (koleqtiuri Tavdacvis oraganizacia) mimarTulebiT, Tu raSi sWirdeba somxeTs „odekabe“, garda amisa, Seamcira rusulenovani gadacemebis dro somxur televiziaSi da a.S. „Tu Sen gadawyvite, rom modernizacia gaukeTo saxelmwifos, daSorde ruseTs da dasavleTisken waxvide, aucileblad unda ecado azerbaijanTan urTierTobebis dalagebas. „paSinianamde euTos minskis jgufis farglebSi iyo SemuSavebuli madridis formula, rac iTavliswinebda am xuTi raionis deokupacias somxeTis mxridan da 30 wlis Semdeg mTiani yarabaRis statusis referendumze gatanas. paSinianma am yvelaferze mkacri uari ganacxada. Cemi azriT, paSiniani swored am mimarTukebiT unda wasuliyo. grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi is Seakavebda azerbaijanis agresias, rac lavirebis saSualebas miscemda ruseTTan urTierTobaSi”, - Tqva man.
ერთდროულად რუსეთისა და აზერბაიჯანის წინააღმდეგ წასვლა დამღუპველი აღმოჩნდა სომხეთისთვის..
ra aris yarabaRis statusi amis Semdeg? uSualod SeTanmxebis teqstSi araa gansazRvruli, Tu ra statusi eqneba mTian yarabaRs. azerbaijanis prezidenti ilham alievi ambobs, rom sanam is prezidentia, yarabaRis statusTan dakavSirebiT araferi iqneba naTqvami. „roca me maT avtonomia SevTavaze, maT uari ganacxades. „es damoukidebeli saxelmwifoa“, - miTxres somxebma. SeTanxmebaSi arcerTi sityva araa statusis Sesaxeb. ra moxda? arcerTi sityva ar aris amis Sesaxeb da arc iqneba, sanam me prezidenti var”, – ganacxada alievma.
vin gamovida gamarjvebuli omSi? SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, yarabaRis teritoria rusma samSvidoboebma daikaves. SesaZlebelia erTi SexedviT Candes,rom am SedegiT omSi TurqeT-azerbaijanis aliansma gaimarjva, magram realurad erTaderTi saxelmwifo, romelic am dapirispirebaSi gamarjvebuli gamovida ruseTia. aqamde azerbaijani iyo erTaderTi saxelmwifo samxreT kavkasiaSi, romelSic ruseTs ar hyavda samxedro baza. beqa kobaxiZis TqmiT, ruseTma am omis Sedegad gaaZliera regionze sakuTari kontrolis meqanizmi. „ruseTisTvis sulerTia, romeli qveyana gaakontrolebs SuSas raions, misTvis mTavaria, rom azerbaijansa da somxeTze gaaZlieros sakuTari zegavlena. axali gadaTamaSebis Sedegad, ruseTma gaaZliera kontrolis meqanizmi. garda amisa, radganac konfliqti jer kidev araa bolomde dasrulebuli, arcerTi mxare araa bolomde kmayofili, azerbaijanis teritoriuli mTlianoba bolomde ar aRdgenila da somxeTma dakarga teritoriebi, Sesabamisad, orive mxares aqvs survili, rom daibrunos warTmeuli, Sesabamisad, aseT viTarebaSi, romelic albaT aTwleulebs ganstans, ruseTi aris arbitri, mas hyavs samSvidoboebi da mis nebazea damokidebuli Tu ramdenad Rrmad CaerTvebian situaciaSi mxareebi. „im SemTxvevaSi Tu azerbaijanSi odesme Seicvleba mTavroba da iqneba prodasavlurad ganwyobili, maSin ruseTi gzas gauxsnis somxeTs, raTa daibrunos dakarguli teritoriebi da piriqiT”, - aRniSna man.
ეს არის თამაში არბიტრის სასარგებლოდ და რუსეთმა ამ ომში ადგილი დაიმკვიდრა, როგორც ერთადერთმა არბიტრმა. naxiCevanis derefani 9 noembers gaformebul SeTanxmebaSi, gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa me-9 punqti, romlis Tanaxmadac, somxeTma unda uzrunvelyos satransporto kavSirebi azerbaijanis dasavleT regionebsa da naxiCevanis avtonomiur respublikas Soris. imisaTvis, rom xeli ar SeeSalos moqalaqeebisa da tvirTis gadaadgilebas orive mimarTulebiT. SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, axali satransporto komunikaciebis mSenebloba daiwyeba, romlic daakavSirebs naxiCevanis
avtonomiur respublikas azerbaijanis dasavleT regionebTan. aRniSnuli saqarTvelosTvis mniSvnelovania ramdenime kuTxiT, Tumca pirveli da umTavresi mainc isaa, emuqreba Tu ara safrTxe am gadawyvetilebiT saqarTveloze gamaval satranzito-satransporto kvanZebs da dakargavs Tu ara qveyana seriozul ekonomikur dividends. beqa kobaxiZis TqmiT, saqarTvelosTvis naxiCevanis koridori raime gansakuTrebuli cvlilebis momtani ver iqneba, Tumca safrTxes warmoadgens geopolitikuri TvalsazrisiT. „regionisTvis geopolitikurad es aris uaRresad saSiSi punqti. aqamde es koridori ar muSaobda axla ukve somxeTs am xelSekrulebT suverenuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis ufleba veRar eqneba, imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom sakuTari sazRavri dauketos azerbaijans. somxeTSi momaval wlebSi aucileblad iqneba revanSisturi ganwyobebi, da cduneba, rom azerbaijans ar misces naxiCevanze gasasvleli, xolo es azerbaijans miscems garkveul legitimacias, rom moi povos es koridori.
ესაა ახალი ფეთქებადსაშიში წერტილი კავკასიის რუკაზე. es derefani konfliqtis Semdgomi eskalaciis saSualebas iZleva. „rac Seexeba saqrTvelos satranzito funqcias, Tu rukas SevxedavT naxiCevansa da TurqeTs Soris sazRvari aris mxolod 8 kilometri, am teritoriaze gazsadeni, naTobsadeni, rkinigza, eleqtro da satransporto saSualebebi ver Caeteva. axla mSvidoba ar isadgurebs kavkasiaSi, piriqiT, es konfliqti ufro mwvavea da revanSisturi ganwyobebi mwifdeba. Sesabamisad, azerbaijani ar dauSvebs, rom aseTi infrastruqtura somxeTis gavliT iyos. Sesabamisad, es komunikaciebi kvlav saqarTvelos teritoriaze gaivlis, Teoriulad erTaderTi Sansi aris is, rom am derefniT moxdes satranzito moZraoba. Tumca aqac Cndeba kiTxvis niSnebi. erTia, rom am xelSekrulebaSi es punqti weria da meorea, Tu rogor moxdeba misi inplementacia. ukve 30 welia es gza arsebobs, romelic arasdros aravis gamouyenebia, Sesabamisad, aris amortizebuli, unda SekeTeba, rac ormxriv CarTulobas saWiroebs, da am sakiTxSi mxareebs Soris mediatori ar Cans“, - ambobs kobaxiZe.
ერთადერთი, რაც შეიძლება ამ დერეფნით საქაღთველომ დაკარგოს, არის სატვირთოებით გადატანილი ტვირთების ნაწილი. mTian yarabaRSi konfliqti 27 seqtembers daiwyo. azerbaijanis gancxadebiT, somxurma mxarem ieriSi miitana mSvidobian mosaxleobaze, rasac msxverplic mohyva, ris Semdegac azerbaijanma sapasuxo cecxli gaxsna. omis ganmavlobaSi sami humanitaruli zavi gaformda, orjer ruseTis, xolo erTxel aSS-s SuamavlobiT, Tumca samive SemTxvevaSi mxareebi acxadebdnen, rom mowinaaRmdege zavis pirobebs ar icavda. jerjerobiT ucnobia omis Sedegad daRupulTa da dazaralebulTa zusti raodenoba.
მარიამ ნებულიშვილი
veqtori
ვექტორი მეურნეობაზე
qarTuli ekonomikis xerxemali dargi, romelic aerTianebs mecxoveleobas, mefrinveleobasa da memcenareobas. maT moSenebasa da maTgan miRebuli produqciis warmoeba/ realizacias. anu yvelafer imas, rac aseTi mniSvnelovania nayofieri miwis resursis mqone saxelmwifosTvis. soflis meurneoba yvelasTvis kargad nacnobi sityvaTSeTanxmebaa, magram Tu ramdenad sworad viciT misi arsi da daniSnuleba, sxva sakiTxia. soflis meurneoba aris materialuri warmoebis dargi, romelic sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis, frinvelebisa da cxovelebis moSenebisa da maTgan produqciis miRebis mizniT aris Seqmnili. klimati, adgilmdebareoba, sezoni da niadagis nayofiereba aris is komponentebi, razec es dargi dgas. saqarTvelo odiTganve miwaTmoqmedebis qveyana iyo. amaze saxelwodeba „georgiac“ metyvelebs, rom araferi vTqvaT sxvadasxva arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenil uZveles sasoflo-sameuneo iaraRebsa da istoriul nagebobebze.
mecxoveleoba soflis meurneobis erT-erTi mTavari dargia. saqarTveloSi, fermerebs ZiriTadad moSenebuli hyavT msxvilfexa rqosani pirutyvi, Txa, cxvari, Rori da ase Semdeg. 2019 wlis monacemebiT, raodenobrivad yvelaze meti cxvari da Txaa registrirebuli (891.6 {aTasi suli}) mas suladobiT, mcirediT CamorCeba msxvilfexa rqosani saqoneli (869.5) da bolos Rori (155.5). es dargi mecxoveleobis produqtis (rZe, xorci) warmoebasa da mosaxleobis cxoveluri produqciiT momaragebas emsaxureba. imas, rom mecxoveleoba saqarTveloSi uZvelesi droidan yofila damkvidrebuli, ukve adgilobrivi jiSebis gamoyvanac adasturebs. magaliTad, megruli: Zroxa, Txa, cxeni. TuSuri cxvari, kaxuri Rori da ase Semdeg. am dargSivea gaerTianebuli mefrinveleobac, romelic analogiurad frinvelTa moSenebasa da maTgan miRebuli produqciiT mosaxleobis uzrunvelyofas emsaxureba.
pirdapiri valia, regionebis gaZliereba. Zlieri regioni Zlieri soflis meurneobaa, am ukanasknelis gamarTuloba ki qveynis ekonomikisTvis sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania, rac sabolood Zlieri saxelmwifos sawindaria.
ra RonisZiebebi tardeba saxelmwifos mxridan, soflis meurneobis seqtoris gasaumjobeseblad? es ar aris martivi kiTxva da mraval komponents Seicavs. albaT, erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani da saWiro proeqti agrodazRvevaa. agrodazRvevis programa 2014 wlis seqtembridan amoqmedda da miznad agroseqtorSi sadazRvevo bazris ganviTarebas, sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobis xelSewyobas, aRniSnuli saqmianobiT dakavebuli pirebisTvis Semosavlis SenarCunebasa da riskebis Semcirebas isaxavs. programa a(a)i p “soflis ganviTarebis saagentom” ganaviTara. misi ganxorcielebis mizniT, saagento xelSekrulebebs aformebs saqarTveloSi licenzirebul sadazRvevo kompaniebTan. es kompaniebi aRniSnuli xelSekrulebebis safuZvelze sadazRvevo premiis subsidirebasa da maT monitorings uzrunvelyofen. sadazRvevo polisi Semdeg sadazRvevo riskebs faravs: setyva, wyaldidoba, qariSxali, saSemodgomo yinva (cit-
tumroebis, kafeebis, skolebis, sxvadasxva dawesebulebebis, festivlebisa da RonisZebebis daxurvis/gauqmebis gamo, logikuria, rom sursaTze moTxovna daeca da zogan fermerebs winaswar moweuli mosavlis ganadgurebac mouxdaT. msgavsi SemTxveva saqarTveloSi, konkretulad qvemo qarTlSic iyo. mas Semdeg , rac 2020 wlis 23 marts, premierministris gadawyvetilebiT, bolnisi da marneuli mkacr sakarantino zonad gamocxadda da es ori qalaqi
memcenareoba saqarTveloSi aqtiurad misdeven memcenareobasac. miuxedavad imisa, rom didi teritoriuli SesaZleblobebi ar gagvaCnia, CvenTan mohyavT: simindi, xorbali, sxvadasxva bostneuli, xili da citrusic ki. dasavleT saqarTvelo, konkretulad zRvis pira zoli, mdidaria mandariniTa da CaiT. samegrelo - simindi da TxiliT. samcxe-javaxeTi - kartofiliT, stafiloTi. qvemo qarTli - pomidvriTa da sxva bostneuliT. gori - vaSliT. saqarTveloSi aseve mohyavT qeri, Svria da xorbalic, magram ara im raodenobiT, rom am marcvlovani kulturiT mTliani mosaxleoba uzrunvelyon. vinaidan, soflis meurneobas ZiriTadad regionebSi misdeven, saxelmwifos
veqtori
rusovani kulturebisaTvis) - mxolod 1 seqtembridan 30 noembris CaTvliT periodSi. moweuli mosavlis SenarCunebis Semdeg, fermerisTvis mniSvnelovani misi realizebaa. miuxedavad qarTuli soflis meurneobis didi potencialisa samomxmareblo kalaTis 80% importirebulia. am arasaxarbielo fons, 2020 wels axali koronavirusi - COVID-19 daemata, ramac yvela sferos problemebi Seuqmna. koronavirusis gamo restornebis, sas-
Caiketa, adgilobrivi glexebi didi problemis winaSe dadgnen. maT mier moweuli mosavlis gatana faqtobrivad SeuZlebeli iyo, da isini iZulebulebi gaxdnen ukve gafuWebuli mosavali gadaeyaraT. droTa ganmavlobaSi garkveuli wesebis dacviT, satvirTo avtomobilebs gadaadgilebis ufleba miecaT da problemac garkveulwilad mogvarda. marTalia, qvemo qarTlSi moweuli mosavali gavida saqarTvelos masStabiT, magram Semdeg Tavi sxva problemebma iCines. saxeldobr is, rom faqtobrivad, produqciis gasaRebis areali (bazrobebi) daxuruli iyo. xalxmravlobisa da virusis gavrcelebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT. miuxedavad saerTaSoriso frenebis Sewyvetisa, ar SeCerebula satranzito mimosvla, ramac qarTul produqcia Cawolisgan gadaarCina. vinaidan pandemiam, saqarTveloSi sofelsa da ufro konkretulad soflis-meurneobas garkveuli problemebi Seuqmna, mTavrobam antikrizisuli gegma SeimuSava, romlis daxmarebiTac soflisa da soflis-meurneobis daxmarebis paketis farglebSi fermerebs mosavlis dazRvevis, agrokreditebisa da sxvadasxva sabanko operaciebis ganxorcielebisas, ufro meti SeRavaTi eqnebodaT: a) „SeRavaTiani agrokreditis“ ZiriTadi saSualebebis Tanadafinanseb-
is procenti gaizarda 8%-dan 11%-mde, xolo agrolizingis Tanadafinansebis procenti 9%-dan 12%-mde; b) „SeRavaTiani agrokredits“ daemata erTwliani kulturebis Tanadafinansebis komponenti, sesxis Ziri Tanxis dabruneba ki fermerebs SeuZliaT miRebuli mosavlis realizaciis Semdeg; g) soflis meurneobis gadamuSavebis kuTxiT (sasursaTo mrewveloba) axali qve-komponenti daemata, rac iTvaliswinebs sesxis saprocento ganakveTis Tanadafinansebas 10%-iT, 24 Tvis ganmavlobaSi. aseve, agrolizingi sasursaTo mrewvelobis kuTxiT, sesxis procentis 12%-is dafinanseba 24 Tvis ganmavlobaSi; d) mexorculi mimarTulebis mecxoveleobisaTvis sabrunav saSualebebze gacemul sesxebze meorad uzrunvelyofas moaxdens saxelmwifo. (informacia saqarTvelos fermerTa asociaciis mier gamoqveynebuli statiis mixedviTaa momzadebuli). saxelmwifos mxridan fermerebis daxmarebasTan dakavSirebiT erT-erT inteviuSi „saqarTvelos fermerTa asociaciis“ Tavmjdomare - nino zambaxiZe ambobs, rom fermerTa asociacia fermerebsa da saxelmwifos Soris erTgvari mediatorebis rols asruleben. misi TqmiT asociaciis wevrebma premierministrs mimarTes TxovniT, rom fermerebi, romelTa wliuri Semosavali 200 000 larze naklebia, saSemosavlo gadasaxadebisgan gaTavisuflebuliyvnen. mTavrobis mxridan ki jerjerobiT mxolod mzaoba da dapirebaa gamoTqmuli. „SevxvdiT premierministrs da mas yvela moTxovna gavacaniT. viTxoveT, rom pirvel rigSi mcire bizness gadasaxadebis vada gaxangrZliveboda. sagadasaxado kodeqsSi SeRavaTis saxiT Caiwera, rom soflis meurneobaSi moRvawe piri, romlis Semosavali ar aRemateba 200 000 lars, gaTavisufldes saSemosavlo gadasaxadisgan; mogvianebiT, amave punqtSi Seicvala sityva „piri“, „fizikuri piriT“, rac sagadasaxado inspeqciis Sesvlis SemTxvevaSi, im mewarmeebis dajarimebas gamoiwvevs, visac cvlilebis Sesaxeb informacia ar hqonda.“ amrigad, kargia, roca saxelmwifo misi ekonomikis xerxemlis, soflis meurneobis sferoSi arsebuli problemebis mosagvareblad garkveul programebsa da SeRavaTebs awesebs, magram es jer kidev ar aris sakmarisi. Cven unda viswavloT sakuTaris dafaseba da mxolod importze damokidebulebi ar viyoT.
გიორგი წულაია
17
ვექტორი მეურნეობაზე
turizmisa da soflis meurneobis kolaboracia - koncefcia „fermidan magidamde” „fermidan magidamde“ - es aris koncefcia, romelic gulisxmobs adgilobrivi sakvebi produqtebis, restornebsa Tu skolebSi, uSualod fermidan Semotanas. misi mTavari maxasiaTebeli isaa, rom rasac ar unda miirTmevde, yovelTvis ici misi ingredientebi saidan aris mopovebuli, Sesabamisad darwmunebuli xar mis xarisxSic. amas ganapirobebs is, rom dawesebulebebs aqvT pirdapiri kavSiri adgilobriv fermerebTan, romlebic am adgilebs maT mier moyvanili jansaRi produqtebiT amarageben. es ki niSnavs, rom momxmareblebsa da restornebs Soris ufro meti ndoba yalibdeba, rac ufro sasiamovnos xdis aseTi adgilebis stumrobas. idea „fermidan magidamde“ misvlisa jer kidev wina saukuneSi gaCnda. kaliforniel elis voTerss surda Tavis megobrebTan erTad iseT adgilas wasuliyo, sadac gemriel kerZebsac miirTmevdnen, Tan Rvinosac daagemovnebdnen da amavdroulad karg drosac gaatarebdnen. amitomac, sabolood, daskvnamde mivida, rom sakuTari restorani „Chez Panisse” gaexsna da msgavsi garemo Tavadve Seeqmna. Tavdapirvelad produqtebsa da saWro ingredientebs sxvadasxva fermerisa da zogierTi qarxnisgan imaragebda, Tumca gemoebi Zalian gansxvavdeboda im produqtebis gemosgan, romlebsac igi Tavisi mSoblebis mier moSenebul baRSi iRebda. Semdeg adgilobriv fermerebs miakvlia da es zustad is iyo, rasac eZebda. swored aq Caeyara safuZveli koncefcias „fermidan magidamde”. dResdReobiT ki msgavsi koncefcia restornebSi ukve mTel msoflioSia gavrcelebuli da sakmaod didi popularobiTac sargeblobs. magaliTad, erT-erTi cnobili, koncefcia „fermidan magidamde” restorania „de kas”, romelic amsterdamSi mdebareobs, da romelsac dResdReobiT sxvadasxva
qveynidan uamravi momxmarebeli stumrobs. igive „From Plant to Plate” idea 2001 wels gert ian hegments gauCnda, romelmac am warmatebul proeqts safuZveli Cauyara. dRes ukve sakmaod did masStabze ganlagebuli baRebi aqvT, sadac uamravi saxis bostneuli da xili mohyavT. „de kasSi“ sjeraT, rom saWmeli ufro gemrielia maSin, roca misi ingredientebi iseT baRSia moyvanili, romelsac mTeli guliT uvlian. amitomac am yvelafers Zalian did dros uTmoben da yovelTvis zrunaven imaze, rom maTi produqtebi sijansaRiTa da gemoTi gamoirCeodes. stumrebs yovel kvira sxvadasxva menius sTavazoben, rac „de kass“ ufro gansxvavebulsa da gamorCeuls xdis. koncefciis mTavari idea mdgomareobs imaSi, rom restornebi sakveb produqtebs uSualod adgilobrivi fermebidan iReben an Tavadve qmnian iseT sivcres, sadac yvela saWiro produqti iqneba moyvanili. Se-
sabamisad, maT fermerebTan aqvT kavSiri da ara qarxnebTan. amis mizezi ki isev da isev is gemo da xarisxia, romelic fermaSi moyvanil bostneulsa Tu xils aqvs. aRsaniSnavi faqtia, rom am ideis Semotana nel-nela saqarTveloSic daiwyes. aWara jgufi erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gegmavda proeqts da 2020 wels ukve ramdenime sastumroSi am midgomas vxvdebiT. magaliTisTvis: „stamba“, „rumsi“ da „holidei in“. aWara jgufis warmomadgenlis TqmiT, isini „fermidan magidamde“ koncefciis menius Sedgenas Zalian did dros uTmoben da individualurad argeben konkretuli RonisZiebebis saWiroebebs. stumrebs adgilobrivi ingredientebisa da cocxali, sezonuri produqtebis gamoyenebiT gemriel da jansaR kerZebs sTavazoben. garda amisa, aWara jgufma proeqti „udabno“ wamoi-
wyo, romlis Sedegad kaxeTSi 5000 heqtar miwaze daiwyes sasoflo-sameurneo centris Camoyalibeba. aqedan 2000 heqtar miwaze nuSis baRebia gaSenebuli, danarCenze ki kenkris baRebi da endemuri vazis venaxebi ganlagdeba. rac Seexeba proeqti „udabnos“ samomavlo gegmebs, aWara jgufi apirebs, rom TandaTan am adgilas merZeuli ferma da sxvadasxva jiSis bostneuli Tu xili gaSendes. msgavs koncefcias aseve vxvdebiT sastumro „lopotaSic“, sadac sxvadasxva saxis bostneuli da xilia gaSenebuli, romlebsac masiurad TavianT restoranSic iyeneben. Tumca gansxvaveba isaa, rom aWara jgufma Tavis ideas oficialurad „fermidan magidamde“ uwoda, lopotas rac Seexeba, es idea amave saxeliT ar aris warmodgenili. isini ubralod Tavisdauneburad iyeneben am ideas. miuxedavad imisa, rom es yvelaferi jer kidev Zalian minimaluria, mainc unda iTqvas, rom aseTi ideebis saqarTveloSi Semotana sakmaod kargad aisaxeba aramarto soflis meurneobaze, aramed qveynis ekonomikasa da turizmis ganviTarebazec. Sesabamisad, am koncefciis dadebiT mxareSi mxolod jansaRi da axali produqtebis miReba ar igulisxmeba. Tundac aWara jgufis mier Seqmnili proeqti „udabno“ sasoflo-sameurneo centris garda, turistul centradac SeiZleba moviazroT, rac, ra Tqma unda, saxelmwifos ekonomikazec kargad aisaxeba. „fermidan magidamde“ iseTi koncefciaa, romelic Zalian mimzidvelsa da sainteresos xdis im adgils, sadac igi gamoiyeneba. amas swored is mravali dadebiTi faqtori ganapirobebs, romlebic mas gaaCnia. imis fonze, rom mTel msoflioSi gabatonebulia e.w. „swrafi kveba“, sakmaod naTeli wertilia koncefcia „fermidan magidamde“. statistikebidan gamomdinare ki naTlad vxedavT, rom stumrebs gemrieli da Tanac jansaRi sakvebis idea namdvilad xiblavT, rac arc Tu ise xSiria dRevandel realobaSi.
ანა ლუკავა
martvilis narinjisferi fardebi xurma, albaT, erTaderTia, romlis saboloo dabinavebamde (daCirebamde) mas saTiTaod, minimum oTxjer unda Seexo. pirvelad mowyvetisas, Semdeg gafcqvnisas, gaTlisas da bolos akinZvisas. es yvelaferi ki sakmao drosa da nebisyofas moiTxovs. RvinobisTvis miwuruli da giorgobisTvis dasawyisi, albaT, saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi Taviseburad lamazi da mimzidvelia, magram samegrelos erT-erT uZveles da gansakuTrebul raionSi - martvilSi Semodgomis yvela simdidres erTi gansakuTrebuli komponenti emateba - xurmis fardebi. weliwadis am dros, martvilis saxlebi, romlebic narinjisferi fardebiTaa Semosili, uCveulo sanaxavia da yvela, vinc amas eziareba, aucileblad sasiamovnod gakvirvebuli darCeba. xurmis sezoni samegreloSi da ara marto aq, ukve tradiciul saqmianobadaa qceuli da ojaxebis Semosavlis erT-erT mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgens.
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xurmis Ciri albaT, yvelas uyvars da nawilobriv mis sasargeblo Tvisebebsac icnoben, Tumca sanam is xis totebidan maRaziis daxlebze moxvdeba, mas sakmaod didi da Sromatevadi gzis gavla uwevs. marTalia, xurma daCirebamde sakmaod usiamovno gemovnuri Tvisebebis matarebelia, magram arsebobs sxvadaxva jiSebi, romlebic Tavian statuss amarTleben. aseTebia haCia da xiakumu. haCia - igive iaponuri xurma, sakmaod nayofieri jiSia. misi nayofi msxvili da konusuri formisaa. erTi cali haCia xurma daaxloebiT 300 gramamde iwonis, SeferilobiT muqi narinjisferia da nayofi xeze gvianobamde rCeba. imdenad, rom Tavisuflad SeiZleba zamTarSi, TeTrad Semosili samoTxe, xurmis xeebidan naTurebiviT anTebulma nayofma gaaferados. haCia xurmis nayofi gamoiyeneba, rogorc xilad, aseve dasaCirebladac. sasiamovno, tkbli gemoTi gamoirCeva xiakumus jiSis xurmac. saxelwodeba nu dagabnevT, es CvenTvis kargad nacnobi karaliokia. karaliokis xe uxmosavlianobiT xasiaTdeba da gansakuTfrebiT subtropikul regionebSia gaSenebuli. nayofi momrgvalo formisaa da SeferilobiT Ria narinjisferia, romelic simwifis xarisxis paralelurad muqdeba. nayofi, msgavsad haCiasi gamoiyeneba, rogorc nedl xilad, aseve dasaCirebladac. ikrifeba oqtombris bolo - noembris dasawyisSi. pirvel rigSi, nayofis mokrefis Semdeg, is sufTavdeba, ifrcqvneba da gasaTlelad mzaddeba. gaTlis Semdge Zafze saTiTaod ikinZeba da gasaSrobad Ria sivrceSi ekideba, sadac wvimisgan daculi iqneba da haeris moZraobac moxerxdeba. Tumca, Ciris misaRebad mxolod nakinZebis dakideba, rodi kmara. gasaSrobad gakidul xurmas, yoveldRiuri yuradReba da xelis Sewyoba sWirdeba. imisaTvis, rom Ciri lazaTianad gamoSres, mTavari noembris civi Rameebi da odnavi niavia. xurma albaT erTaderTi xilia, romlis saboloo dabinavebamde (daCirebamde) mas saTiTaod, minimum oTxjer unda Seexo. pirvelad mowyvetisas, Semdeg
gafrcqvnisas, gaTlisas da bolos akinZvisas. es yvelaferi ki sakmao drosa da nebisyofas moiTxovs. moaruli xmebi, rom xurmis Ciri maRalkaloriulia - miTia. is Seicavs: natriums, kaliums, kalciums da rkinas. misi miReba nervul sistemas amSvidebs da nawlavuri problemebis mogvarebasac aZlevs xels. aseve maT, visac organizmSi iodis nakleboba aqvT, xurmis Ciri am deficitsac Seavsebs. am egzotikuri xilis, pozitiur mxareebze kidev bevri ramis Tqma SeiZleba. is Seicavs vitaminebs A, C da P, romlebic kans elastikurobas unarCuneben. xurmis mirTmeva aseve aZlierebs imunitets da vitamini A- s daxmarebiT gvicavs simsivnis gaCenisgan. amrigad, maSin, roca kaxeTSi kaxelebs rTvelis saxiT oqros Semodgoma aqvT, aWaraSi ki mandarinis oqrosferi rTvelia. martvilSi xurmis fardebi ekideba da saxlebi narinJisfrad imoseba.
გიორგი წულაია
veqtori
ვექტორი მეცნიერებაზე
ramdenad saSiSia koronavirusis mutacia rva Tveze metia msoflios koronavirusis pandemia utevs, romelTanac brZolis saukeTeso saSualebad izolacia da higienuri rekomendaciebis dacva iTvleba. samyaro cdilobs pandemiis kvaldakval Seiswavlos axali virusi, romelic msoflios axal-axali „siurprizebiT“ „anebivrebs“. „SARS-CoV-2-is axali StamiT daniaSi orasamde adamiani dainficirda, magram cnobili ar aris, mutacia viruss ufro saSiSs xdis Tu ara“, - es iyo axali ambavi, romelmac dasavluri presisa da medikosebis gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daimsaxura, rogorc Cans, ramdenime SemTxvevaSi koronavirusma mutacia ganicada. virusis mutacia sainteresoa misi vaqcinis kuTxiTac, daniis xelisufleba varaudobs, rom es SemTxveva imoqmedebs vaqcinis efeqturobaze, romlis Seqmnazec msoflios mravali qveyana muSaobs. sainteresoa, rogor moqmedebs rekombinacia virusTa mutaciis dros? mutacia aris mudmivi cvlileba virusis genetikur masalaSi. mutacia xdeba maSin, Tuki raRac arasworad moxda virusis dnm-isa Tu rnm-is kopirebisas. ramdenime kviris win daniaSi dafiqsirda SemTxveva, rodesac koronavirusma mRrRnelebSi, kerZod waulebSi mutacia ganicada, ris Sedegadac koronavirusis axali Stami Seiqmna. rogorc cnobilia, waulebSi virusi adamianidan gavrcelda. msoflios mraval qveyanaSi yovelwliurad daaxloebiT 50 milionze meti waulis gamravleba xdeba. mogexsenebaT, waulis bewvi sakmaod Zvirad fasobs. waulebis bewvs ZiriTadad CineTSi, daniaSi, niderlandebsa da poloneTSi awarmoeben. koronavirusiT inficirebuli waulis realuri safrTxe ki am qveynebidan pirvelad daniaSi Seiqmna.
დანიაdania daniis xelisuflebam qveyanaSi arsebul asobiT fermaSi mobinadre 17 milionamde waulis daxocvis gankarguleba gasca. Crdiloevropuli saxelmwifos mTavrobam msgavsi nabijis gadadgma mas Semdeg gadawyvita, rac kvernisebrTa ojaxis warmomadgenel am ZuZumwovrebs Soris koronavirusis saxecvlili Stami gavrcelda, romliTac ukve 200 adamiani dainficirda. qveynis nawili Caketes mas Semdeg, rac daniis xelisuflebam daadgina virusuli mutacia, ramac maTi azriT, SeiZleba imoqmedos momavali vaqcinis efeqturobaze. dania waulebis tyavis yvelaze msxvili mwarmobelia, qveyanaSi 1 139 ferma muSaobs, sadac 15-17 milioni cxoveli cxovrobs. koronavirusis SemTxveva ukve 200-ze met fermaSi dafiqsirda, 67 maTganSi cxovelebi daxoces. rogorc „bi-bi-si“ iuwyeba, SARS-CoV-2-is mutirebuli formiT inficirebis SemTxvevebis aRmoCenis Semdeg, daniis mTavrobam qveyanaSi fermebSi yvela waulis daxocvis gadawyvetileba miiRo. gamocemis informaciiT, am cxovelebSi aRmoCenili mutirebuli virusi adamianebzec gadadis da antisxeulebis gamo-
muSavebis unars amcirebs. am etapze virusis mutirebuli versia CrdiloeT iutlandiaSi 12 adamians gamouvlinda. daniis mTavarobaSi aRniSnaven, rom es forma SesaZloa mTels msoflioSi gavrceldes. cxovelebis daxocva ki swored amis prevencias isaxavs miznad. fermebidan janmrTeli cxovelebis moSorebas, savaraudod, kidev ramdenime kvira dasWirdeba. fermerebis TqmiT, es didi dartymaa maTTvis. „Cven 65000 cxoveli gvyavs, momdevno kviraSi ki yvela ganadgurdeba. es udidesi biznesis dasasrulia da mis xelaxla wamowyebas ver SevZlebT. “ - ambobs fiunis fermeri, martin fromi da miuTiTebs grZeli qoxebis rigebze, sadac aTasobiT waula saxlobda. dania ar aris erTaderTi qveyana, sadac bewvis meurneobaSi daiwyo virusis afeTqeba. msgavsi SemTxveveb-
is Sedegad aseve dazaralda espaneTi, niderlandebi, SvedeTi, italia da aSS.
aSS agvistos Semdeg aSS-Si koronavirusiT 15 000ze meti waula daixoca, ris gamoc aTobiT fermaSi karantinia gamocxadebuli. aSS-is im StatebSi, sadac waulebis Covid-19-iT dainficirebis faqtebi gamovlinda, acxadeben, rom isini cxovelebis daxocvas ar apireben da daniaSi arsebul situacias akvirdebian.
espaneTi amerikis garda espaneTis fermebSic virusuli afeTqebaa. infeqciam mas Semdeg ifeTqa, rac aragonis regionis fermis erT-erTi TanamSromlis meuRles koronavirusi daudasturda. adgilobrivi xelisuflebis gadawyvetilebiT, espaneTis Crdilo-dasavleTiT mdebare erT-erT fermaSi, 100 000-mde waulas daxocaven. madridTan da kataloniasTan erTad, aragoni, virusis gavrcelebis mxriv, erT–erTi cxeli wertilia espaneTSi. aq inficirebis 250 000-ze meti SemTxveva dafiqsirda da 28 000-mde adamiani gardaicvala.
niderlandebi msgavsi situaciaa niderlandebSic. erT-erT fermaSi 41 inficirebuli cxovelis gamo 2021 wlis martisTvis yvela ferma daixureba. saintereso faqtia is, rom 2020 wlis aprilSi niderlandeli ori fermeri irwmuneba, rom virusi fermaSi muSaobis periodSi gadaedoT cxovelisgan, Tumca maSin am faqtisTvis yuradReba ar miuqceviaT. qveyanaSi araerTxel damdgara waulebis bewviT vaWrobis akrZalvis sakiTxic, bolodroindeli SemTxvevebis Sedegad es Tema kidev ufro aqtualuria. „es aris avadmyofuri industria rogorc pirdapir, ise gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT. arasodes yofila Sesabamisi da ufro mniSvnelovani dro niderlandebisTvis , rom samudamod Camocildes am industrias. “ - ganacxada HSI / evropis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis ufrosma, joana svebma. ramdenad saSiSia koronavirusis mutaciis Sedegad miRebuli axali Stami jerjerobiT ucnobia, aseve araa cnobili Tu ramdenad gansxvavdeba is virusis ukve arsebuli formebisgan. Tumca erTi ram cxadia, saqme arc ise martivadaa, rogorc es Cven SeiZleba warmogvedginos.
ლიკა კიკნაძე
veqtori
19
ვექტორი ხელოვნებაზე
“faberi” – cifruli platforma „socialuri SopingisTvis” saerTaSoriso bazarze sakmaod popularulia “socialuri Sopingi”. es aris onlain platforma, sadac momxmareblebs SeuZliaT iyidon da gayidon tansacmeli. aseTi aplikaciebia, magaliTad, Vestiaire Collective - safrangeTSi, Depop - britaneTSi, Poshmark amerikaSi. marketeri anano dolaberiZe meore kursze iyo, rodesac Depop-is Sesaxeb gaigo da msgavsi qarTuli aplikaciis Seqmnis survili gauCnda. Tumca, survili ver ganaxorciela, sanam didi xnis Semdeg, 2018 wels, megobarma, giorgi CugoSvilma ar daureka da msgavsi platformis Seqmna ar SesTavaza. ase daiwyo Phubber-ze muSaoba – mobilur aplikaciaze, sadac tansacmlis, fexsacmlisa da aqsesuarebis yidva-gayidvaa SesaZlebeli. ,,faberi’’, es aris cifruli platforma, romelic saSualebas iZleva sxvisTvis gamouyenebeli nivTi, CvenTvis gamosayenebeli gavxadoT. es aris marketfleisi, sadac nebismier adamians SeuZlia gayidos da iyidos sasurveli nivTi. aplikaciis idea aris is, rom adamianma SeZlos gayidos is samosi, romelSic didi Tanxa gadaixada da aRar sWirdeba, meore mxriv ki, SeZlos aseTive nivTebis SeZena. Tumca ,,faberis’’ gundi mxolod yidva-gayidviT ar Semoifargla, maT aseve Seqmnes specialuri departamentebi. esenia: qarTveli dizainerebis departamenti - saqarTveloSi qarTveli dizainere-
bis koleqciebi sakmaod moTxovnadia, magram ara yvelasTvis xelmisawvdomi. dizainerebi eqskluziurad ,,faberisTvis’’ TavianT koleqciebs 50-70%-iani fasdaklebiT warmoadgenen. qarTuli brendebis departamenti, sadac saqarTveloSi warmoebuli maRaziebisa da startapebis koleqciebia warmodgenili, droTa ganmavlobaSi kidev daemateba da momxmarebels saintereso produqcias SesTavazebs. vintaJi sazRvargareT, erT-erTi yvelaze moTxovnadi mimarTuleba, romelic saqarTveloSi naklebad popularulia, Tumca, vfiqrobT, TandaTan moTxovna Cndeba, ,,faberis’’ platforma ki momxmarebels unikalur vintaJur nivTebs sTavazobs. gansakuTrebulia luxury mimarTuleba: auTenturi brendebi, sadac legendarul brendebsa da modelebs didi fasdaklebebiT aRmoaCenT. Concept Stores departamenti, sadac aRmoaCenT saqarTveloSi cnobili qonsefT maRaziebis auTletebs, maT Soris Moreislove, Ieri, Dots, Buyers da a.S. da bolos pre-owned departamenti, sadac avtorizebuli momxmareblebi da influenserebi TavianT nivTebs deben. aplikacias socialuri mediis funqciac aqvs, rac niSnavs imas, rom SesaZlebelia saintereso moxmareblebi gamoiweroT, rogorc departamentebidan, ise departamentebis gareT. aseve moniSnoT saintereso brendebi da Tvali adevnoT yvela moniSnuli brendis produqcias. aplikaciis kontents Tavidan bolomde momxmarebeli marTavs da im produqcias naxulobs, rac mas ainteresebs. momxmarebels aqvs saSualeba moiwonos, daakomentaros da favoritebSi moniSnos misTvis saintereso produqcia. aplikacia Tavidan bolomde momxare-
blis komfortzea morgebuli. ,,faberi’’ uzrunvelyofs mitanis serviss, xarisxis kontrolsa da brendis auTentikacias, SefuTvas da usafrTxo gadaxdis sistemas. Phubber-is warmomadgenlebis TqmiT, maT qarTul bazarze sakmaod Zlieri poziciebi aqvT, magram startapis mizani saerTaSoriso kompaniad Camoyalibebaa. maTi TqmiT, mTavari amocana, axla, regionis qveynebisa da aRmosavleT evropis bazris aTvisebaa, sadac daaxloebiT, 25 milioni registrirebuli
momxmareblis moZiebas gegmaven. „faberi“, aseve, msoflios umsxvilesi aqseleratoris 500 startapis top 5 saukeTeso kompaniaSi moxvda. es ki maTi TqmiT, niSnavs, rom „saqarTvelos banki“ kompaniaSi investicias gazrdis da noembris bolomde cnobili gaxdeba, aris Tu ara „faberi“ is startapi, romelic momaval wels, aqseleratoris farglebSi, ukve meored, „silikon velis“ ewveva.
თინათინ რეხვიაშვილი
Netflix- კარანტინის საუკეთესო გასართობი 2020 welia, karantinis grZelvadiani periodi msoflioSi yvela adamianma gaiara da zogisTvis dRemde ase grZeldeba. am periodSi yvelasTvis sayvareli saqmianoba filmebisa Tu serialebis yureba iyo. netfliqsi mravali CvenTvis sayvareli filmisa Tu serialis sulis Camdgmelia da albaT misi madlierni yvelaze metad swored wels viyaviT. modiT, gadavxedoT mis istorias. amerikuli kompania 1997 wlis 29 agvistos daaarses rid hastingzma da mark randolfma kaliforniaSi, kerZod skots-veliSi. is iyo videos an media produqtis mimwodebeli kompania da DVD-ze Caweril filmebs aqiravebda. 2013 wels netfliqss daemata kino da tele warmoebis filialebic, aseve internet distribucia. misi pirveli produqti iyo seriali saxelad „house of cards”, romelic 2013 wlis 1 Tebervals gaxda xelmisawvdomi mayureblisTvis. saintereso faqtebi: 1. Netflix-s Tavdapirvelad sxva saxeli hqonda SerCeuli. es iyo Kibble, romelic satesto saitis saxeli iyo Tumca is maleve Secvales. 2. Netflix-ma erTi wliT daaswro Google-s saZiebo sistemis gamogoneba. 3. Blockbuster Video-s 2000 wels 50 milion dolarad Netflix-is Sesyidvis Sansi hqonda. Tumca man uari Tqva SemoTavazebaze, axla ki is saerTod aRar arsebobs. 4. 90- ian wlebSi skots-velis mosaxleobas saxlis telefonze urekavdnen da sTavazobdnen ufasod daetestaT Netflix-is programa da raime filmi enaxaT. mosaxleobis umravlesoba Tanaxma iyo da Netflix-is
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TanamSromlebi maTTan midiodnen yaviT xelSi madlobis niSnad. 5. amerikaSi viRacas Zalian uyvars „karibis zRvis mekobreebi“ (Cemze metadac ki). erTma pirovnebam 2017 wels 365-jer naxa „karibis zRvis mekobreebi: margalitis wyevla“. man mTeli msoflios masStabiT daamyara rekordi. amerikaSi yvelasTvis cnobili frazaa „Netflix and Chill”. misi Tanamedrove mniSvneloba Zalian gansxvavdeba originali Sinaarsisgan. 2007 wels erT-erTma Twitter-is momxmarebelma dawera, rom is apirebda mTeli RamiT Netflix-is yurebas da garTobas/dasvenebas. “I’m about to log into Netflix and chill for the rest of the night”. 2009 wels misi mniSvneloba isev Twitter-is meSveobiT Seicvala da gulisxmobs seqsualuri xasiaTis aqtivobiT dakavebas.
2013 wlidan 2020 wlamde saerTo kvlevebi gviCvenebs Netflix-is mier warmoebuli serialebis statistikas maTi popularulobidan gamomdinare: 1. Orange Is The New Black. es seriali 2013 wels daiwyo da misi bolo sezoni 2019 wels gamovida. IMDb – 8.1 2. Stranger Things. misi premiera 2016 wels Sedga da gadaRebebi dRemde grZeldeba. IMDb – 8.8 3. House of Cards. premiera Sedga 2013 wels, rogorc ukve vTqvi es iyo Netflix-is pirveli proeqti. bolo sezoni ki gamovida 2018 wels. IMDb – 8.7 4. 13 Reasons Why. 2017 wels pirveli sezonis premiera iyo xolo 2020 wels vixileT finaluri sezonic. IMDb - 7.6 5. Narcos. 2015 wlidan 2017 wlamde mimdinareobda sami sezonis gadaRebebi. IMDb - 8.8. 2020 wlis monacemebi Semdegia: 1. Stranger Things - ucnauri ambebi
2. The Witcher - jadoqari. 3. The Stranger - ucxo 4. Adventures of Sabrina - sabrinas Tavgadasavali 5. Narcos - narkozi 6. Narcos Mexico - narkozi meqsika. 7. Messiah - mesia. 8. The Crown - gvirgvini. 9. 13 Reasons Why – 13 mizezi ratom. rac Seexeba filmebs 1. Exstraction – mopoveba. 2. Spenser Confidential - spenseris saidumlo. 3. 6 Underground - 6 miwisqveSa (Tumca qarTulad iZebneba, rogorc 6 kanondamrRvevi). 4. Murder Mistery - mistiuri mkvleloba. 5. Bird Box - Citis yuTi. netfliqsis minimaluri paketis fasi 8 evroa, Tumca ufro ekonomiuri gzac arsebobs. SegiZliaT, premium paketi aiRoT (11.99 evro) da sam megobarTan erTad gainawiloT. amgvarad, TiToeul Tqvengans TveSi 3 evros, anu 10 laris gadaxda mouwevs. pirveli Tve ufasoa, sacdeli vadis gasvlis Semdeg ki Tavad SegiZliaT gadawyvitoT, giRirT Tu ara am servisSi Tanxis gadaxda. kidev erTi sasiamovno ambavi isaa, rom paketis yidvis Semdeg avtomaturad Cndeba angariSi „bavSvebi“, sadac mxolod mcirewlovnebisTvis Sesaferisi animaciebi, filmebi Tu gadacemebi devs. enis barieris gaTvaliswinebiT, es, SesaZloa, mosaxerxebeli ar iyos, Tumca SegviZlia sxvagvaradac SevxedoT: skolis asakis bavSvebs inglisurenovani subtitrebiani filmebis naxva enis SeswavlaSi daexmareba. netfliqsma popularuloba mTel msoflioSi moipova, radgan is yvelanairad cdilobs mosaxerxebeli gaxados momxmareblisTvis maTTan urTierToba. rac mTavaria, produqciis Semotavazebisas is iTvaliswinebs sazogadoebis yvela wevris interesebs anu misi nawarmi universaluria.
ნანა სვანიძე
veqtori
ვექტორი პიროვნებაზე
axali qarTuli brendi „anapana” Tanamedrove msoflio savsea saintereso adamianebiT da am kuTxiT gamonaklsi arc saqarTveloa. minda gagacnoT 26 wlis, mxatvari, dizaineri, mocekvave da brend „anapanas“ damfuZnebeli mariam fridoniSvili. rogori iyo gza „anapanamde“ da rogoria samomavlo gegmebi. manam, sanam mocemul kiTxvebs gaecema pasuxi, sainteresoa, misi pirveli nabijebi am industriaSi. mariami mocekvaveebis ojaxSi daibada da bavSvoba scenasa da kulisebSi aqvs gatarebuli.
ra iyo misi pirveli Sexeba xelovnebasTan? „babuaCemi modernis mocekvavea. maxsovs, patara rom viyavi, oTaxSi Semiyvana. Tavad musikas usmenda da miTxra „mariam icekve“. iqidan gamomdinare, rom
Caabara. Tavad yovelTvis xazs usvams, rom profesiiT mxatvaria, arc mocekvave da arc dizaineri. bavSvobidan itacebda mxatvroba. rodesac, mamamisi inglisSi wavida, 6 wlis iyo da ori wlis ganmavlobaSi masTan ar usaubria. amitom patara mariamma gadawyvita mamisTvis saTqmeli, furclebze gadaetana. Semdeg iyo „sizmrebis albomebi“, Rame nanax sizmrebs ixatvda da erT dRes didi gamofenis gakeTebasac gegmavs. mariami aseve, TanamSrolobs nino suxiSvilTan, rogorc kostiumebis mxatvari. mariamma nacionalur ansambl „suxiSvilebSi“ daaxloebiT 6 weli icekva, Tumca misi saxeli kidev didxans iqneba „suxiSvilTan“ asocirebuli. „Zalian didi dro damWirda am iarliyis mosaSoreblad. mindoda mariami vyofiliyavi, ubralod Cemi Tavi da ara suxiSvilebis mocekvave. am yvelaferSi „anapana“ Zalian damexmara. saerTod, vfiqrob, rom „anapana“ nebismiers exmareba sakuTari Tavis povnaSi da xazs usvams maT individualizms“. anapana, rogorc Tavdapirveli eskizi, ar asrebobda. “konretuli idea am
da mainc, ratom „anapana“. arsebos legenda qalRmerTze, romelmac Tavisi Svili uboZa rainds, romlis toli da swori dedamiwaze ar daiareboda. maT STamomavlobas RvTiuri Saravandedi mohyvebodaT, romlis naTeba imdenad Zlieri iyo, rom qalRmerTma anapanam Seqmna Tavsaburavebi, raTa adamianebs ar tkenodaT Tvalebi.
sainteresoa, rogoria mariamis samomavlo gegmebi? „axali Tavsaburavebis gakeTeba daviwyeT, romelic sxva formiT aris da qarTul qudTan vizualurad axlosaa. koleqcia „arganis“ saxeliT ukve gayidvaSia. am etapze, molaparakebebi gvaqvs da male Cveni produqcia erTerT cnobil konceptualur maRaziaSi gaiyideba, sadac qarTveli dizainerebis koleqciebia ganTavsebuli. dagegmilia, gamofenis gakeTeba usinaTlo adamianebisTvis, romelic iqneba mravalprofiliani da ganTavsdeba Cemi namuSevrebic, magram ra formiT iqneba amas jer ver vityvi.
სამომავლო გეგმაში მაქვს კონცეპტ მაღაზიის გახსნა,სადაც, ანაპანების გარდა, იქნება ჩემი ნახატები, კოსტიუმები და სხვადასხვა ნამუშევრები, თუმცა პანდემიის გამო დეტალებზე საუბარი ჯერ ადრეა – aRniSnavs „anapanas“ damfuZnebeli. mariami qarTvelia, saqarTveloSi mravali misnairi niWieri axalgazrdaa. umravlesoba saqarTvelodan wasvlasa da misi niWis realizebas sxva, ufro keTilmowyobil qveyanaSi cdilobs.
dedac da mamac qarTul nacionalur cekvebs cekvavdnen, megona, rom Cakvrebi unda gamekeTebina.
ბაბუამ გამაჩერა და მითხრა, დატოვე მუსიკა, დაივიწყე ყველაფერი და უბრალოდ იმოძრავე. axla rom vufiqrdebi, Cemi pirveli Sexeba xelovnebasTan swored es iyo“, - ambobs is. vaxtang Wabukianis saxelobis, Tbilisis sabaleto skolis damTavrebis Semdeg, mariamma samxatvro akademiaSi
iq, sadac met perspeqtivasa da naTel momavals xedavs. mariamic ocnebobda dabadebuliyo msoflios sxva wertilSi, sxva epoqasa da droSi. ver xvdeboda, Tu ratom iyo kargi, qarTvelad yofna. rogorc Tavad ambobs, ver xvdeboda am yvelafers, manam sanam, Tavad ar Seexo saqarTvelos. sanam ar daiwyo mogzauroba da saqarTvelos fexiT Semovla. maramma karantinis dros sazafxulo sivrce Tavis saxelosnod gadaakeTa da mSvid garemoSi muSaobda. misi TqmiT, es daexmara daefasebina saqarTvelo. mariami axla, bednieria, rom daibada saqarTveloSi, mocemul drosa da sivrceSi.
ახლა ვხვდები, თუ რამდენი მარგალიტი მიჭირავს ხელში, იმიტომ, რომ ქართველი ვარ.
ირინა შანიძე
Tavsaburavebis ar dambadebia,“ - ambobs mariami. rogorc Tavad aRniSnavs, Sekrul Tmasa da daxveul kosaze metad komfortulad Tavs bendenebsa da Tavwakrul mdgomareobaSi grZnobda. “vcdilobdi, gamexalisebina sakuTari Tavi da erT Tavsaburavs meores vumatebdi, meti sixalisisTvis feradi lentebic davamate. rodesac egvi pteSi viyavi, nefertitze fiqrisas Cemi „anapanebis“ perspeqtiva davinaxe, xolo indoeTSi gasaocar naWrebTan Sexebam, sabolood, gadamawyvetina, rom dawyebuli saqme unda damemTavrebina“, - Tqva mariamma. „anapanebi“ farTo auditoriam, pirvelad, suxiSvilebis axal proeqtSi „transformaciaSi“ ixila. „es erTgvari reklama iyo, romelmac kritika da popularoba erTdroulad momitana“ - ambobs mariami. igi aRniSnavs, rom ar surda misi qudebi, rogorc kostiumis nawili ise darCeniliyo da gadawyvita brendad eqcia. Semdeg iyo didi daintereseba da ai, ukve erTi welia, gayidvaSia Tavsaburavebi.
საკმაოდ რთული კონსტრუქციაა, რომელიც უშუალოდ თავზე ეწყობა. გამოჩნდა ადამიანი, რომელიც მეხმარება ამის გაკეთებაში. თითოეულის შექმნას საშუალოდ 2 დღე სჭირდება და ყველას თავისი ლეგენდა მოჰყვება.
veqtori
21
ვექტორი პიროვნებაზე
podiumidan moyolili saqarTvelos istoria radikaluri xedva, quCis stilis maRal modaSi Semotana da individualuri xedvis win wamoweva aris is, rac demna gvasalias modis Tvaluwvdenel samyaroSi gamorCeuls xdis. soxumeli xelovani farTo sazogadoebam mas Semdeg gaicno, rac 2015 wels, mravalwliani istoriis mqone modis saxls, balensiagas, SeuerTda. demna sabWoTa saqarTveloSi 1980 wels daibada, is bneli periodi gamoiara, rac 90-iani wlebis postsabWoTa qveynis mosaxleobisTvis ucxo araa. es yvelaferi misi mexsierebis Rrma SreebSi aRibeWda da dizainerze didi kvali datova. is tragikulad ixsenebs soxumis datovebis moments, Tu rogor mouwia bebiasTan erTad, cxedrebs Soris, sicivesa da SimSilSi, ramdenime dRis gatareba. agreTve, masze didi kvali datova bulingis faqtmac. rogorc Tavad aRniSnavs, garSemomyofebis mxridan, xSirad gamxdara Cagvris obieqti. 20 wlis demnam mSoblebTan erTad saqarTvelo datova, sacxovreblad germaniaSi gadavida da ekonomikis swavla daiwyo. Tumca, rogorc demna ambobs, Tu momavalSi muSaobas am kuTxiT gaagrZelebda ,,msoflioSi yvelaze ubeduri adamiani iqneboda“. swored amitom, man radikalurad Secvala gegmebi da modis sferos erTerT yvelaze legendarul antverpenis akademiaSi modis dizainis Seswavlas Seudga. sabWoTa saqarTveloSi gatarebulma wlebma xelovanze, erTi mxriv, uaryofiTad imoqmeda, Tumca, meore mxriv, misi warmatebis sawindari gaxda. qarTul socialur qselebSi xSirad SevxvdebiT dizaineris mimarT braldebebs, rom is Tavisi warsulis komercializacias eweva da cdilobs am tragikuli istoriebis CvenebiT xalxis yuradReba miiqcios. am Temaze demna gvasalia radio “Tavisuflebis” Jurnalists, gogi gvaxarias esaubra da aRniSna, rom is ar cdilobs warsulis komercializacias, aramed aCvenebs imas, rac realurad iyo da ra kvalic masze warsulma datova. ,,me am qveynidan var, es Cemi warsulia. yvavilebi, peplebi da bednieri bavSvoba ar mqonia, omi iyo. Zalian sastiki da bneli periodi.“ demna 2014 wlidan 2019 wlamde misi da misi Zmis, guram gvasalias, mier Seqmnil brend Vetements-Si moRvaweobda. gurami am brendis finansur mxares ganagebs. parizis modis kvireulis farglebSi brend Vetements-is 2019 wlis gazafxuli-zafxulis sezonis koleqcia demnam mTlianad saqarTvelos miuZRvna. Tu manamde vcdilobdiT saqarTvelos gavlena mis SemoqmdebaSi farulad amogvekiTxa, am koleqciiT yvelaferi naTlad davinaxeT. dizainerma metaforebisa da simbolizaciis gareSe, ganmarta rom es koleqcia uSualod misi istoriuli warsulis Cvenebas emsaxureboda. isic cnobilia, rom am CvenebisTvis gansakuTrebuli mzadeba mimdinareobda, yvelaferi winaswar
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filmis scenariviT daigegma da modelebic ramdenime TviT adre, TbilisSi, SeirCa. demnas mier wargzavnilma samma agentma gansakuTrebuli, am TematikisTvis auTenturi saxeebis Zieba daiwyes da rogorc aRmoCnda, moaxerxes kidec. dizaineri interviuebSi aRniSnavs, rom is modelebTan sakuTari Tavis identificirebas axdenda, saubris stils, Cacmulobasa Tu vizualur mxareSi msgavsebas xedavda. es koleqcia misTvis, rogorc dizainerisTvis, Zalian mniSvnelovani aRmoCda, radgan farTo sazogadoebas Tavisi istoria daanaxa. modis kritikosebs da ara marto maT, kidev erTxel ganumarta, rom jorjia ara amerikis Stati, aramed damoukidebeli qveyanaa da Tanac sakmaod saintereso istoriuli warsuliT. am Cvenebaze bevri iseTi detali vixileT, rac qarTvelebisTvis 90-iani wlebis saqarTvelosTan da zogadad qveyanasTan asocirdeba. magaliTad, maisuri gulze ori varskvalvis gamosaxulebiT, rac qurdul avtoritetebTan da 90-ianebis cixis esTetikasTan asocirdeba, bolo zaris TeTri perangebi feradi warweriT Tu ubralod saqarTvelos droSis gamosaxulebiani hudebi. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba ki mainc erT-erTma ubralo
mosacmelma miiqcia, romelsac didi qarTveli mwerlebis saxelebiT - SoTa, vaJa, galaktioni warwerebi hqonda. gansxvavebuli iyo podiumis dagegmarebac, dizaineris ganmartebiT scenis dizaini qarTuli qorwiliTa da misTvis damaxasiaTebeli grZeli sufriT iyo STagonebuli. demnas koleqciebs xalxi maxinjs, araesTetiursa da modisgan acdenils uwodebs. Tavad dizainerisTvis ki es, rogorc aRmoCda komplimentia. vogisTvis micemul interviuSi demna am sakiTxs exeba da ambobs, rom mas swored simaxinjis definicia ainteresebs. ,,sainteresoa im sazRvris povna, sadac maxinji mSvenieri xdeba da mSvenieri ki maxinji. es is gamowvevaa, rac me mxiblavs,“ - ganmartavs dizaineri. misi azriT, moda swored am koncefciis irgvliv unda trialebdes da swored amitom, Tu mis koleqciebs vinme maxinjs uwodebs, es misTvis erTgvari komplimentia. moda Cveni yoveldRiurobis nawilia da is realobas unda asaxavdes. modis saxlebi ki ZiriTadad ocnebas qmnian, xalxs realobas wyveten.
,,da mere, Tu maT fonze rame ufro namdvils, xelSesaxebs Sevqmni, amas radikalurs arqmeven, rac ucnauria.“ ambobs dizaineri. misTvis gaugebaria. ratomaa radikalizmi, yoveldRiurobis saaS-
karaoze gamotana, da piriqiT, ararealuris realobad warmoCenis tendencia Cveulebrivi. demnas koleqciebs ZiriTadad gamoxatavs germanuli termini WELTCHMERZ - rac melanqolias, samyaros satkivars aRniSnavs. misi Semoqmedeba rom namdvilia da ararealuri standartebis damkvidrebas ar cdilobs, amas isic adasturebs, rom dizaineri masobrivi kulturis bevr simbolos misi Semoqmedebis nawilad aqcevs. ikeas Tu gadamzidi kompaniis DHL-is warweriani maisurebi, masiuri zomis supermarketis CanTebis analogi Tu yvavilebiani, bebiis stilis kabebi. es is erTi SexedviT martivi da arafrismTqmeli detalebia, riTac misi gayidvebi rekordul zRvars aRwevs. faqtia, rom xalxs xelSesaxebi, realuri xiblavs da maTTvis mxolod siyalbe araa mimzidveli. am yvelaferTan erTad demna gvasalia aqtualur politikur da socialur procesebsac ar uvlis gverds. Tavisi SemoqmedebiT is cdilobs sazogadoebas sargebeli moutanos. magaliTad, 2018 wlis balensiagas Semodgoma-zamTris sezonze, ,,msoflio kvebis organizaciasTan“ kolaboraciis Sedegad
Seiqmna maisurebi, maisurebze gamosaxuli iyo kvebis organizaciis logo da slogani. agreTve aRniSnuli nivTis momavali mflobeli organizaciis saqmianobaze dawvrilebiT informacias iRebda. gayidvebiT Semosuli Tanxis 20% organizaciis saqvelmoqmedo fondSi gadairicxa. maTi TanamSromloba mxolod am proeqtiT ar Semoifargla da saqvelmoqmedo xasiaTis kampaniebs kidev agrZeleben. agreTve, balensiagas 2020 wlis Semodgoma-zamTris Cvenebaze bevr sxva TemasTan erTad globaluri daTbobis sakiTxic wamoWra. maRali modis podiumi araordinalur sivrced gardaisaxa. iataki wyliT iyo dafaruli, modelebi am wyalSi fexebiT eflobodnen, maT Tavze damagrebul ekranebze ki TiTqos ca iwvoda. am yvelafriT dizainers klimatis cvlilebis sakiTxze surda yuradRebis gamaxvileba. sainteresoa isic, rom 2020 wlis martSi gamarTuli Cvenebidan Zalian male koronavirusis pandemiam ifeTqa, Caiketa qalaqebi, aikrZala frenebi, dacarielda quCebi da TiTqos mTeli samyaro am Cvenebis anareklad iqca. presis nawili werda, rom demnam am koleqciiT erTgvarad pandemiis dasawyisi iwinaswarmetyvela. sabolood, unda iTqvas, rom ar aqvs mniSvneloba imas, gvainteresebs Tu ara modis sfero an mogvwons Tu ara demnas Semoqmedeba. faqtia, demna gvasalias saxeli dResdReobiT Zalian bevrisTvisaa cnobili. isic unda vaRiaroT, rom am cnobadobas didi datvirTva aqvs. rameTu, demna iyo post-sabWoTa qveynebidan pirveli dizaineri, romelmac modis oskarad wodebuli CFDA-s jildo miiRo. misi warmatebebis CamoTvliT ar davwvrilmandebi, Tumca vityvi imas, rom mis Semoqmedebas didi mniSvneloba aqvs Tanamedrove kulturisTvis, amasTanave demna modis sferos liberalizaciis kuTxiTac mniSvnelovani nabijebis iniciatoria. yvelaferTan erTad isic faqtia, rom ucxo qveynis warmomadgenlebisTvis Cveni qveyana aRar aris mxolod amerikis Stati da Cven Sesaxeb ukve meti ician, rac, garkveulwilad, demnas damsaxurebaa.
თეონა კარანაია
veqtori
ვექტორული ნააზრევი
mwerali, romelic kliSeebs amsxvrevs
albaT bevri adamiani mdgara cxovrebis wamrosaxviT kidesTan, rodesac verc win midis da verc ukan, dadis am kidis gaswvriv da Svelas eldoeba, sibneleSi dakarguls xma, sityvebi gaiZulebs ukan miixedo, Senc trialdebi da xedav erT wertils, gesmis erTi sityva da im sityvas mihyvebi.
yvelam, visac odnav mainc ainteresebs britanuli kultura, SeuZlebelia ar icodes, Tu vin iyo jein ostini , meTvramete saukunis erT-erTi saukeTeso qali romanisti. jeini ostini 1775 wels hemfsiris sagrafoSi, aznauris ojaxSi daibada. ganaTleba man ZiriTadad saxlSi, mamis da Zmebis daxmarebiT miiRo. ojaxSi Ria, inteleqtualuri atmosfero iyo, ramac didwilad ganapiroba jeinis mwerlad Camoyalibeba. misi mama, jorj ostini ar hyofda Svilebs sqesis mixedviT, amitomac jeini Zmebis wignebidanac bevrs swavlobda. is iyenebda rogorc mamis, aseve ojaxis megobrebis biblioTekebs. meTvramete saukunis inglisSi qalis ganaTlebaze zrunva arc ise xSiri SemTxveva iyo. jeinis bavSvobaSi misi ojaxi da sanaTesao xSirad awyobda Teatralur warmogdenebs saxlSi, romelTa umetesoba komediur Janrs ganekuTvneba. swored amiT xsnian jeinis weris maneras da mis novelebSi gamoyenebul iumors, ironiasa Tu satiras. yvelaferi amis Sedegia rom sami saukunis Semdegac ki jein ostins moixsenieben, rogorc sentimentalizmis skolis ubadlo warmomadgenlad, aseve inglisuri realizmis winamorbeds. imisaTvis, rom kargad gavicnoT ostinis pirovneba, aucilebelia vicodeT im Taobis Rirebebulebi, romelsac is warmoadgenda. britaneTma 1707 wlis gaerTianebis aqti gamosca, romlis mixedviTac unda yofiliyo erTi mmarTveli da erTi saerTo parlamenti. meTvramete saukune britaneTis saintereso istoriis erT-erTi gansakuTrebuli periodia. im periodis britaneli sazogadoeba gansakuTrebiT dainteresebuli iyo pirovnebis statusiTa da klasiT. qalaqebi savse iyo vaWrebisa da xelosnebiT, romlebic diferencirdebodnen fenebad. es fenebi dafuZnebuli iyo xalxis samuSaos ti psa da jamagirze. yvelaze bolo safexurze imyofebodnen arakvalificiuri mSromelebi, mtvirTavebi da quCis gamyidvelebi. maTze dawinaurebulni iyvnen kvalificiuri muSebi da xelosnebi. mdidrebi ki sakuTar saxlebSi muSaobdnen. jein ostins Zalian itacebda xalxis Secnoba, mis memuarebSi vkiTxulobT kidec, rom igi xSirad marto dadioda wvimian quCebSi da tkbeboda xalxis TvalierebiT, romlebic ase gansxvavdebodnen erTmaneTisgan. 18-20 wlis ostinma dawera epistolaruli novela ,,ledi suzani’’, romelsac xSirad axasiaTeben, rogorc ambiciur nawarmoebs, romelic ostinis sxva nawarmoebebs ar hgavs. novelis mTavari gmiria qali, romelic Tavis inteleqtiT, momxibvlelobiT, megobrebiT, ojaxiTa da TayvanismcemlebiT mani pulirebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom jein ostinis nawarmoebaTa umravlesobis mTavari gmiri qalia. literatorebi am faqts xSirad usvamen xazs. Znelia isaubro jein ostinze da gverdi auaro mis Semoqmedebas, romelSic avtoris individualizmi marTlac rom SesaniSnavad ikiTxeba. ostinis samwerlobo stilze didi gavlena iqonia ojaxma, gansakuTrebiT ki mamam, rogorc misTvis misabaZma pirovnebam. mogvianebiT mis nawerebze SeiniSneba revolucis gavlenac. Zalian iSviaTia ostinis stilis mimarT kritika, albaT es imitom, rom misi yvela romani sasiamovno wasakiTxi da cxovrebiseuli siuJetebis gamo, SinaarsiTac Zalian axloa mkiTvelisTvis. zogs miaCnia, rom Zalian didi gansxvavebaa weris ostiniseul meTodsa da imdroindeli britaneli mwerlebis weris stils Soris. SeiZleba jein ostinis siRrme ar iyo iseTi, rogoric Tundac meTiu gregori luisis nawarmoebebSia, magram masSi sxva gac-
veqtori
sityvebis zardaxSa
ilebiT saintereso wiaRsvlebia. TiTqos is impresionistia, romelsac ar SeuZlia siaxleebis gareSe, akvirdeba xalxs, esaubreba maT da Semdeg yvela es istoria furclebze gadaaqvs. mniSvnelovani faqtia, rom jeini didi yuradRebas aqcevda, Tu ras fiqrobdnen ojaxis wevrebi mis Semoqmedebaze, amitomac igi yovelTvis ukiTxavda maT sakuTar nawarmoebebs. rodesac jeinis mamam moismina dResdReobiT ukve mravalgzis bestseleri romani „siamaye da mcdari azri“, gadawyvita mis daukiTxavad waeRo redaqciaSi da daebeWda. am mcdelobam ar gaamarTla da jeinis mamas redaqciidan romanis dabeWdvaze, romelic dResac erT-erTi yvelaze gayidvadi wignis adgils damsaxurebulad ikavebs, uari uTxres. jeinma SeZlo da misi pirovnebis mravalferovneba Taobebs Semounaxa furclebze. imisaTvis, rom es Tavisebureba SeigrZno, sakmarisia gadaSalo da waikiTxo misi nebismieri romani, Tundac „grZnoba da goneba“. es nawarmoebi SesaniSnavad asaxavs mwerlis pirovnebas. wignis personaJebSi igrZnoba Tavisuflebisken swrafvis is survili, romelic jeins erT-erT yvelaze didebul mwerlad aqvs dasaxuli. man uaryo yvelanairi kliSe, rac sazogadoebas Zvelmodurs xdida. swored masTan asocirdeba qalebis, rogorc „susti sqesis“ warmomadgenlebis warmatebis pirveli nabijebi. CemTvis igi novatoria, radgan, miuxedavad misi sqesisa, SeZlo sruli TavdajerebulebiT ewera, da amiT sakmaod did warmatebas mieRwia sicocxleSive. romanSi „goneba da grZnoba“ ambavi viTardeba eliniorsa da merienis, mister deSvudis qaliSvilebis garSemo. merieni, novelis saTauridan, mgrZnobelobas warmoadgens Tavisi dis elonoris „gonebis“ sapirispirod. merienis saxe wignSi warmodgenilia, rogorc am Taobis yvelaze TvalsaCino magaliTi, gonebiT marTuli adamianis ti pur
saxed. es axalgazrda adamianebi cxovrobdnen erT epoqaSi, erT qveyanaSi, metic erTi ojaxis wevrebi iyvnen da mainc radikalurad gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi hqondaT. ostinis xelwerisaTvis antagonisturi personaJebia damaxasiaTebeli. man SeZlo da gaaqro yvelanairi socialuri barieri da Tavisi romanebiT mkiTxvels daanaxa, rom bednierebis misaRwevad socialuri statusi gadamwyveti mniSvnelobis ar aris. wignSi arc erTi personaJisTvis am socialur mdgomareobas mniSvneloba ar aqvs, radgan isini ufro meti, adamianuri SegrZnebebiT erTiandebian. misi wignebi aris, upirveles yovlisa, ambebi, romlebic marTlac xSiri iyo meTvramete saukunis britaneTSi. Tavis TiToeul personaJTan mas Zlieri emociuri kavSiri hqonda. literatorebi ostinis nawarmoebebSi xSirad amCnevdnen zedmetad primitiul ambebs. es ki kritikosebs Zalian aRizianebdaT, maTi azriT, jeini seriozuli romanebis werisTvis sakmaod axalgazrda iyo. mokled, es aris marTlac SesaniSnavi epoqis SesaniSnavi mwerali, Zalian saxasiaTo stiliT. is gaxldaT mwerali, romlis nawarmoebebSic marTlac igrZnoba Tavisufali qalis arseboba. jein ostini nawarmoebebSi TaobaTa cvalebadobazec saubrobs, Tumca ganze ar rCeba politika, ekonomika Tu kultura. am yovelives Serwymas igi imdenad ostaturad axerxebs, rom naSromebi mainc martiv, iolad gasageb sasiamovno romanebad rCeba. jeini iyo da aris mwerali, romelic gacnobs, giTrevs da interess aRviZebs SenSi. warmoudgenelia, Seixedo benetebis ojaxSi anda gaecno Carlz binglis portrets da samudamod ar Segiyvardes es unikaluri romani.
ლიზა მოსიძე
„dasabamidan iyo sityva, da sityva iyo RmerTTan da RmerTi iyo sityva“ rom mkiTxon, yvelaze Zlieri iaraRi adamainis gadasarCenad an mis mosaklavad ra ariso vetyodi - sityva-meTqi, radgan arsad meguleba samyaroSi iaraRi, romelis gamoyenebac da ar gamoyenebac Tanabrad saziano iyos. xoda, amxela Zalis patronebi varT adamaianebi mas Semdeg, rac 1 weli Segvisrudleba (zogi ufro adre an gvian) Cveni sityvis Zalis gacnobierebas rodis viwyebT, ar vici, an vacnobierebT ki saerTod?! magram faqti faqtad rCeba, am magiis marTvas didi dro, Wkua da moxerxeba sWirdeba. uxsovar droSi sityvis sworad Tqmis xelovnebas aswavlidnen. antikur sabrZneTSi oratoroba did upiratesobad iTvleboda, homerosisis „odiseaSi“ telemaqem mefe menelaosi Tavisi oratorobiT moxibla da misi pativiscemac daimsaxura. CvenSic, SoTas araerTgzis mouyolia ambavi avTandilisa da tarielis tkbilsityvaobaze, Tavad SoTamve, sityvis gamoyenebis uzustesi formula mogvca „gvelsa xvreliT amoiyvans ena tbilad moubario“ anu sworad SearCie sityva da yvelaze saSiS mtersac daamrcxebo, magram sworad SerCeuli sityva mxolod mters ki ar dagmarcxebinebs, moyvaresac gapovninebs. sworaad SerCeul sityvebs SeuZlia warmosaxviTi realurad aqcios, Segacbunos, gagrZnobinos sisvelec da silurjec: „mdumarebis gareSe da sicivis TareSSi, samudamo mxareSi mxolod simwuxarea! cecxli ar krTis TvalebSi, wevxar civ samareSi, wevxar civ samareSi da arc suls uxaria“ gadmosces Seni molodini, imedi: „ar daiviwyo, rom rodesRac guli sabralo Sensave mkerdSi Sevinaxe Sengan wasvlisas. Seni mkerdia Cemi grZnobis TavSesafari, Sin dabruneba icis Turme CemisTanamac.“ xelSesaxebi gaxados Seni sevda, daRla da sasowarkveTa „dRisiT Sen odnav isminebi, Tumc Seni ltolva mainc igrZnoba, yvelas irgvliv Cumad saubrob; Sen xar saaTis rekvis Semdeg dumilis TrTolva, TandaTanobiT rom ixSoba ufro da ufro.“ araerTgzis aRtacebulebs, gvimogzauria am sityvebis labirinTebSi, davkargulvarT da ukan ver gamogvignia. sityvis ostatebs SeuZliaT gibiZgon fiqrisken, metisken, zemoT, gardasaxvisken. SesaSuria adamiani, romelic zustad poulobs sityvas imis aRsawerad, rasac ganicdis da Seswevs Zala es gacda, Cvenc iseve cxadad gangvacdevinos. omis sisastike, sayvareli adamianis dakargvis sevda, gvamogzauros sxvadasxva planetaze, gagvaseirnos parizis quCebSi, gvaiZulos gaqceva, agviCqaros guli WeSmariti siyvarulis axsnisas, bageze simxurvale, civ wyalSi curva, sikvdilis SiSi, daxvretis moldoinSi, gadedoflebis sidiade, sowred sityva gitacebs da gamogzaurebs drosa da sivrceSi Tumca yvela adamiani ostati araa, ar SueZlia sityviT gamoxatos gancda, tkivili Tu sixaruli. es normaluria, magram aRweris, danaxulis erTi sityviT gadmocemis unari yvelas aqvs. rodesac xedav rom lamazia, Tqvi rom lamazia, rodesac xdav rom uxdeba, Tqvi rom uxdeba, rodesac xedv rom uWirs, hkiTxe riTi dagexmaro, rodesac nugeSi sWirdeba, anugeSe. adamianebis didi nawili sityvebs aufasurebs, maSin, rodesac mas mofrTxileba sWirdeba, radgan yvelaze did sinanuls swored sityva gagrZnobinebs gamouTqmelic da gamoTqmelic. Tu ver gamoTqvam, iyavi filomela, dawere (Tu gsurs amoqarge), radgan Seni gamouTqmeli sityvebi sadRac grovdeba, sityvebis sanagveze, iq Zveldeba, ixrwneba da qreba. xolo roca mogindeba maTi gamoyeneba da sityvis ukan aReba, xelSi mxolod dumiliviT uferuli kvali dagxvdeba.
ნინო აბულაძე
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ვექტორი სპორტზე
„gasrulda maTi ambavi, viTa sizmari Ramisa“ 2020 wlis 12 noemberi qarTuli sportis istoriaSi oqros asoebiT unda Caweriliyo. aravisTvis gasakviri ar iqneba Tu vityviT, rom aseTi realuri Sansi saqarTvelos erovnul nakrebs evropis Cempionatze mosaxvedrad arasdros hqonia, amitomac gulSematkivari warmatebas mTeli guliT eloda. miznis miRwevamde, marTlac, cota dagvaklda da matCis bedi erTma momentma gadawyvita, Sexvedris 56-e wuTze nestovskis gadacemis Semdeg Crdilo makedonielTa legendarulma kapitanma goran pandevma giorgi lorias kari aiRo da Cvens metoqes nanatri gamarjvebac moutana. samwuxarod, qarTvelma fexburTelebma veraferi moaxerxes. golis Semdeg Setevebis organizeba kidev ufro gauWirdaT, burTi win ver migvqonda da metoqis sajarimosTan axals da kreatiuls verafers vqmnidiT, samarTlianobisTvis unda aRiniSnos, rom arc Crdilo makedonielebi gvaZlevdnen bevris saSualebas. maT mier SemoTavazebuli presingi, meore taimSi, bevr maRali donis gunds SeSurdeboda, brZoliT toli arcerT momentSi ar daudiaT CvenTvis. sabolood, Sexvedram winaswari Sefasebebi gaamarTla da misi bedi marTlac erTma Secdomam gadawyvita.
vaisis faqtori vladimer vaisis faqtori aseT SexvedraSi gansakuTrebuli iyo. aravin ukargavs mas im damsaxurebas, romelic slovakelma specialistma am xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos erovnul nakrebSi muSaobis dros daagrova. arc mis profesionalizmSi epareba vinmes eWvi da marTla rTulia ar daafaso is Sroma, romelic am adamianma Cveni nakrebisTvis gaswia, Tumca am konkretul SexvedraSi gulSematkivari misi gadawyvetilebebiT ukmayofilo iyo. gasagebia, sakadro problemebi marTlac Zalian mZime iyo, aseve arc didi arCevani hqonda saTadarigo skamze, Tumca rodesac aseT SexvedraSi gols 56-e wuTze uSveb, xolo SetevaSi Zalian giWirs, gunds axali sisxli namdvilad sWirdeba. vaisis gadawyvetilebiT ki pirveli moedanze giorgi papunaSvili gamovida, is SexvedraSi me-80 wuTze gamoCnda. mis talantSi eWvi aravis Seaqvs, magram, Cvenda saubedurod, bolo rva Tvenaxevris ganmavlobaSi man mxolod 57 wuTi iTamaSa. zuriko daviTaSvilis SesaZleblobebi ki marTlac kargad ician qarTvelma gulSematkivrebma, Tumca 92-e wuTamde, vaisis azriT, misi adgili moedanze ar iyo. aseve gaugebari iyo, Tu ratom ver moxvda sastarto SemadgenlobaSi Zalian karg formaSi myofi daTi xoWolava, romlis warmatebiTac bolo erTi Tvea qarTveli gulSematkivari namdvilad amayobs. xoWolavas doneckis „Saxtarma“ jer espaneTSi madridis „reals“ sZlia, Semdeg ki ukraina-
24
Si iTamaSa milanis „interTan“ fre. aRsaniSnavia, rom orive SexvedraSi daTi moedanze erT-erTi saukeTeso iyo, amitomac vaisis gadawyvetileba am SemTxvevaSic rTuli gasagebia. Tumca, faqtia, noembris sanakrebo pauziT saqarTvelos erovnul nakrebSi asparezoba daasrula, gulSematkivrebs amdeni xnis ganmavlobaSi gverdSi dgomisTvis madloba gadauxada da warumateblobisTvis bodiSic moixada. momaval mwvrTnelTan dakavSirebiT ki sakuTari azric ar damala da ganacxada, rom misi Semcvleli Temur qecbaiasa da vladimer vaisis miqsirebuli varianti unda yofiliyo.
gulSematkivari samwuxarod, qarTveli gulSematkivrebi msgavsi mniSvnelobis SexvedrebiT ganebivrebuli ar varT, Sesabamisad, molodini marTlac gansakuTrebuli iyo. socmedia ramdenime saaTi mTlianad fexburTma gaitaca. Tavisi sityva Tqva dinamo arenasTan Sekrebilma ramdenime aseulma gulSematkivarma, romlebmac saocari daxvedra mouwyves erovnul nakrebs, gansakuTrebuli piroSouTiTa da gamamxneveli SeZaxilebiT fexburTelebi stadionamde miaciles. albaT, am momentSi aravis warmoedgina, rom matCis dasrulebis Semdeg stadionze Crdilo makedonielebi izeimebdnen gamarjvebas, magram realoba sakmaod mware aRmoCnda. saubaric ki zedmetia im Temaze, Tu raoden motivaciis mimcemi iqneboda is
problemebi am Sexvedris Semdeg uamravma problemam gaiJRera qarTuli fexburTis irgvliv, magram pirvel rigSi, xviCa kvaracxelias, giorgi CakvetaZis, oTo kiteiSvilisa da levan Sengelias danakliss unda gavusvaT xazi. eseni is fexburTelebi arian, romlebmac saqarTvelos erovnuli nakrebi finalamde miiyvanes, Tumca 12 noembers stadionze
vladimer vaisis mimarT aseve bevri kritika gaisma imis gamo, Tu rato ar gamoiZaxa am SexvedrebisTvis budu zivzivaZe da giorgi xaraiSvili. vinc am ori fexburTelis TamaSi icis, mixvdeba, rom am azrs arsebobis ufleba namdvilad aqvs.
Sefaseba sakmaod mZime marcxis Semdeg am matCisa da vladimer vaisis saqmianobis Sefaseba saCxeris „Cixuras“ mTavar mwvrTnels vaxtang TurmaniZes vTxoveT.
- saqarTvelos erovnulma nakrebma qarTuli fexburTis istoriaSi erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi Sexvedris mogeba ver moaxerxa, Tqveni azriT, ra iyo upirvelesyovlisa am warumateblobis mizezi? - am SexvedraSi gadamwveti mondomebis naklebloba iyo, ufro meti unda mogvendomebina da meti brZolisunarianoba gamogvemJRavnebina, aseT SemTxvevaSi ki, Cemi azriT, gamarjveba swored Cven dagvrCeboda.
- ramdenime sityviT rom SeafasoT vladimer vaisis moRvaweoba saqarTvelos erovnul nakrebSi da Tqveni azriT, ramdenad iqonia Crdilo makedoniasTan gamarTul SexvedraSi dagvianebulma clilebebma gavlena?
gulSematkivari, romelic fexburTelebs tribunidan gaamxnevebda, Tumca epidemiologiuri situaciidan gamomdinare, mTavrobis gadawyvetilebiT, es sakmaod saxifaTo iqneboda, amitomac SezRudva arc am konkretul matCze ar moixsna. rogorc naTqvamia, gza urmis gadabrunebis Semdeg gamoCndebao, Sexvedris Semdeg am problemis aqtualurobaze bevrma gaamaxvila yuradReba.
gamosvla ver moaxerxes. giorgisa da oTos SemTxvevaSi yvelaferi sanakrebo Sekrebamde gairkva, Tumca xviCasa da levanis saqme kidev ufro mZimedaa- maT TamaSamde 1 dRiT adre daudasturdaT kovid-19. aseT momentSi Znelia fortunaze isaubro. faqtia, maTi yofnis SemTxvevaSi Cven sul sxva nakrebs vixilavdiT, amitomac Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am konkretul aspeqtSi namdvilad ar gagvimarTla. qveyanaSi uTamaSebeli Camovidnen guram kaSia da vako yazaiSvili. guramma wina TveSi belarusiis nakrebTan gamarjvebis Semdeg sanakrebo Sekreba naadrevad datova da, aSS-Si arsebuli regulaciebis gamo, gadawyvita, rom misi gamgzavreba san-xoseSi umjobesi iqneboda, Tumca sul tyuilad, erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi mas arcerTi wuTi ar gautarebia moedanze. rac Seexeba vako yazaiSvils, qarTvelma Semtevma wina TveSi samive SexvedraSi miiRo monawileoba, Tumca amis Semdeg MLS-Si mxolod 9 wuTi iTamaSa. aseTi mniSvnelobis TamaSis win rom gundis ori lideri praqtikis gareSe rCeba, namdilad didi problemaa. aseve, versad gaveqceviT im realobasac, rom laSa dvali marcxena mcveli namdilad ar aris da am poziciaze erovnul nakrebSi problemaa. laSa sakmaod kargi axalgazrda centraluri mcvelia, romelic Tavis safexburTo ostatobas kidev araerTxel daumtkicebs gulSematkivars, Tumca misi plusi flangis mcveloba namdilad ar aris.
- zogadad, vladimer vaisis moRvaweoba saqarTvelos nakrebSi warmatebulad CaiTvleba, mwvrTneli misi miRweuli SedegebiT unda Sefasdes. rac Seexeba dagvianebul cvlilebas, es yovelTvis mwvrTnelis prerogativaa da man ukeT icis gundis Sida samzareulo, razec vaisma matCis Semdeg gamarTul preskonferenciazec isaubra.
- C divizionSi saqarTvelos nakrebma asparezoba warumateblad daasrula. jgufidan gasvlis SemTxvevaSi, ramdenad SeZlebda nakrebi reabilitacias qarTveli gulSematkivris winaSe?
- ra Tqma unda, jgufSi gamarjveba da B divizionSi gadasvla saqarTvelos nakrebisTvis warmateba iqneboda da amiT isini gulSematkivris TvalSic daibrunebdnen ndobas, Tumca iseTi Sexvedris wagebis Semdeg, rogoric es Crdilo makedoniasTan iyo, Znelia sakuTar TavSi i povo Zala gamarjvebisTvis.
ცოტნე შაორშაძე
veqtori
ვექტორი სპორტზე
kibersporti - 21-e saukunis profesia erT dros jer kidev uazro, bavSvebis saqmed miCneuli gasarTobi dRes ukve seriozul biznesindustriad iqca. bavSvebi, romlebic Tavisufal dros kompiuterul TamaSebs uTmobdnen profesionali aTletebi gaxdnen da TveSi aTasobiT dolars gamoimuSaveben. bavSvobaSi, roca internetTamaSebis garda araferi gvainteresebda, kompiuterebTan saaTobiT visxediT da mSoblebi usaqmurebs gveZaxdnen, verafriT warmovidgendiT, rom sul ramdenime weliwadSi Cveni sayvareli gasarTobi seriozuli saqmianoba gaxdeboda, sadac Zalian didi kapitali itrialebda. maSin aravis sjeroda, rom uamrav qveyanaSi internetTamaSebi oficialur sportad gardaiqmneboda. xalxi im dros ver xvdeboda, rom Cven usaqmurebi ki ara, Turme, kibersportsmenebi vyofilvarT. eleqtronul sports SeuCerebeli kulturuli Zvrebi mohyva da zrdas kidev ufro swrafi tempiT ganagrZobs. es procesi ukve didi xania Seuqcevadi gaxda da am kulturis globalur fenomenad qceva praqtikulad gardauvalia. pirdapir eTerSi gaSvebulma TamaSebma geimerebsa da mayureblebSi gansakuTrebuli popularoba 2000-iani wlebis bolos moi pova. 2010 wels kibersporti videoTamaSebis industriis mniSvnelovani faqtori gaxda da TamaSebis uamravma mwarmoebelma aqtiurad daiwyo ganviTareba profesionaluri kibersportuli subkulturis mimarTulebiT. 2020 weli kibersportSi bevr saintereso siaxles gvpirdeba. WEPC-is analizis mixedviT, ianvridan martamde kibersportis mayurebelTa raodenoba 17%-iT gaizarda. sponsorebi nel-nela xvdebian, rom yvela gasarTobi Tu sportuli RonisZiebis gauqmebis Semdeg kibersporti maTi erTaderTi Sansia. varaudoben, rom es ricxvebi 2020 wels kidev ufro gaizrdeba. Cven qveyanaSi 2002 wlidan funqcionirebs saqarTvelos kompiuteruli sportis federacia, romelsac sxvadasxva TamaSebSi araerTi turniri aqvs Catarebuli. maT daarsebidan rva msoflio olimpiadis SesarCevi turniri, oTxi msoflio Cempionatis SesarCevi turniri, ori evropis pirvelobis SesarCevi turniri, cxra saqarTvelos Cempionati, sami saskolo olimpiada da asamde saklubo Cempionati Caatares. amave federaciis organizebiT 2004 wlidan qarTuli kibersportsmenebi 11-jer gavidnen saerTaSoriso olimpiadaze.
qarTuli reitingebi. SeuZlebelia talanti arsebobdes da vinmem mis Sesaxeb ar icodes.
12 მილიონი ადამიანიდან ჩვენი გუნდის ყველა მოთამაშე საუკეთესო 500-ში შედის. საქართველოში ბოლო სტატისტიკით 100 000მდე მოთამაშეა. Cveni saqmianobidan gamomdinare xeli SevuwyveT imas, rom amis zrda xdeba,
iseTive popularuli, rogorc kalaTburTi, ragbi, fexburTi an sxva.
- rogor xdeba moTamaSeebis dafinanseba da ramdenad rTuli iyo sponsorebis moZieba? - Tavidan marTla aravis sjeroda, rom saqarTveloSi amaSi vinme xelfass gadaixdida. rodesac pirvelad vnaxe informacia amis Sesaxeb, mec skeptikurad viyavi ganwyobili, Tumca Semdeg es yvelaferi realoba aRmoCnda. dRes Cven
- irakli, ras warmoadgens kibersporti da rogor xdeba moTamaSeebis SerCeva? - arsebobs msoflio reitingebi, aseve
- pirobiTad ra Tanxas gamoimuSaveben kibersportsmenebi? - Cveni gundis wevrebis Semosavali saqarTveloSi arsebul saSualo Semosavalze sakmaod maRalia. axla vTamaSobT erT-erTi turniris SesarCevs, romlis saprizo fondic 3 milion dolaramde meryeobs. Semdegi mizani ukve msoflio Cempionati, anu 40 milion dolariani turniria.
ტარდება ბევრი საკმაოდ მაღალბიუჯეტიანი ტურნირი,დოტა 2-ის მსოფლიო ჩემპიონატის საპრიზო ფონდი 40 მილიონ დოლარს შეადგენს, რომლის 56%-ს ერთი გუნდი, 20-დან 25 წლამდე 5 მოთამაშე იღებს.
monaspa garda kibersportuli federaciisa, Cvens qveyanaSi 2019 wels pirveli kerZo kibersportuli organizacia „monaspa“ daarsda. gazeTi „veqtori“ „monaspas“ direqtors, irakli yavelaSvils esaubra.
moTamaSeebis umravlesoba aris Zalian gonebagaxsnili, progresuli adamiani.
ufro meti adamiani emateba da interesic izrdeba. kibersporti aris sportis saxeoba, romelic dafuZnebulia SejibrebiTi ti pis onlainTamaSebze. ZiriTadad gvaqvs sami disci plina. am yvelaferma bolo aTwleulSi ganicada ararealuri tempiT zrda da SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom Cveni sporti aris
gavdivarT im nabijebs, romelic wlebis win gaiares SvedeTma, CineTma, amerikam da sxva wamyvanma qveynebma. miuxedavad imisa, rom Zalian didi siZneleebia am TematikaSi warmatebis misaRwevad, Cven mainc karg doneze varT. Tavidan 6-7 Tve xelfasebis gasacemad, kompiuterebis SesaZenad Cveni jibidan vixdidiT da saqarTveloSi praqtikulad yvela kompaniasTan gvqonda kontaqti. vuxsnidiT, rom es momavlis profesiaa, maTi daTanxmeba Zalian rTuli aRmoCnda. sabednierod, erT-erTi kompania gvendo da xelfasebTan erTad yvelafers afinansebs.
- saqarTveloSi moTamaSeebis mimarT sakmaod skeptikurad arian ganwyobili. SegiZlia gviTxra rogori arian cxovrebaSi kibersportsmenebi?
TiToeul moTamaSes pirobiTad 2 500 000 dolari rCeba da weliwadSi erTxel 5 moTamaSe xdeba milioneri. amerikulma organizaciam pakistanidan waiyvana 15 wlis bavSvi, romelmac am asakSi milioneri gaxda. amitom, Tu Tqveni Svili xSirad TamaSobs kompiuterul TamaSebs, amis gamo Zalianac nu dasjiT. dauweseT Tqvens Svilebs garkveuli SezRudvebi, ra periodSic igi „ivarjiSebs“ xolme. ar SeiZleba dRe da Rame TamaSi. rac ar unda gasakviri iyos, evropis ramdenime qveyanaSi arsebobs kibersportsmenebis skola, sadac mSoblebs gamiznulad SehyavT Svilebi, raTa sworad TamaSi iswavlon. aq bavSvebi TamaSis specifikis aTvisebasTan erTad, drois gadanawilebasac eCvevian. ase rom ra iciT, SesaZloa momaval kiberaTlets zrdideT.
ნიკა ღარიბაშვილი
- arsebobs mosazreba, rom kompiuteris moTamaSeebi asocialurebi, introvertebi da Caketilebi arian. es Tavidan bolomde tyuilia. Cveni moTamaSeebi pirad cxovrebaSic warmatebulebi arian. Cveni erT-erTi moTamaSe, mixeil gucaevi amerikaSi kompiuteruli programirebis fakultetze 70%-iani dafinansebiT swavlobda, Camovida saqarTveloSi da axla Cvens gundSi TamaSobs. mas SeuZlia nebismieri sxva samsaxuri arCios, Tumca is endoba Cveni gundis ganviTarebas.
შეუძლებელია კიბერსპორტსმენი არ იყოს განათლებული და ითამაშოს, ყველაფერი დამოკიდებულია გონებრივ შესაძლებლობებზე.
veqtori
25
ვექტორი სპორტზე
ფეხბურთის ჩემპიონატების himnebis istoria sportuli samyaro aramarto Tavisi Sejibrebebisa da RonisZiebebis wyalobiT inarCunebs imijs, aramed musikaluri performansebis daxmarebiTac mayurebels dauviwyar sanaxaobas sTavazobs. musika yovelTvis xelovnebis ganuyofeli nawili iyo da iqneba. aqedan gamomdinare ar aris gasakviri, rom uamravma sportulma organizaciam, maT Soris safexburTomac (fifa, uefa), sakuTari turnirebis musikaluri kompoziciebis fonze Catareba gadawyvita.
toni briteni CempionTa ligis himnis teqstis avtori CempionTa liga aris erT-erTi yvelaze prestiJuli evropuli saklubo Sejibreba. maRali donis sportul festivals Sesabamisi musikaluri gaformeba sWirdeba, romlis popularoba mxolod saTamaSo moedniT ar Semoifargleba, igi socialur sivrcesa da
internetmediaSic aqtualuri produqti unda iyos. swored CempionTa ligis himns aqvs aseTi reputacia. is ulamazes musikalur kompoziciad iTvleba. misi sawyisi notebis mosmenisas fexburTis moyvaruls survili uCndeba uyuros am turniris matCs da am procesisgan maqsimaluri siamovneba miiRos. ase rom am musikaluri Sedevris avtori pativiscemas imsaxurebs. britenma samefo musikaluri koleji daamTavra, studentobis Semdeg ki Teatris direqtori gaxda. momavali kompozitori garkveuli periodi erT-erTi prodiuseris - kemeron makintoSis asistenti iyo. 1992 wels uefam britens daavala specialuri kompoziciis Seqmna, romelic momavalSi CempionTa ligis oficialuri himni gaxdeboda. tonim davaleba brwyinvaled Seasrula. dawerili musika maleve safexburTo hiti gaxda. iuTubze CempionTa ligis himnis sxvadasxvanair versias milionze meti naxva aqvs. himnis teqstis misamReri Sedgeba sami enis: frangulis, germanulisa da inglisuris nazavisgan. CempionTa ligis matCis dawyebamde orive gundis fexburTelebi, TamaSis msajebTan erTad, moednis centrSi turniris ulamazesi da qarizmatuli melodiis fonze dgebian. melodiis daxmarebiT Sexvedris monawileebi da gulSematkivrebi damatebiT muxts iReben. 30 wlis win dawerili musikaluri kompozicia dRemde aqtualobas ar kargavs da didi albaTobiT, Semdeg saukuneSic misi hangebis mosmenisas fexburTis gulSematkivari Tavis sxeulSi Jruantels igrZnobs.
iohan cvaigi evropis ligis pirveli himnis avtori CempionTa liga ar aris erTaderTi evroTasi, romelic yuradRebas imsax-
urebs. evropis ligac, bevri safexburTo koleqtivisTvis, sakmaod prestiJuli Sejibrebaa. ufrosi Zamikos msgavsad evropis ligac ar CamorCa dros da Seqmna musikaluri gaformeba, romelic iohan cvaigis daxmarebiT turniris oficialuri himni gaxda. 2009 wels uefam evropis ligis himnze konkursi gamoacxada. iohan cvaigi 22 konkursant Soris saukeTeso aRmoCnda. 2009-dan 2015 wlamde cvaigis mier dawerili kompozicia turniris oficialuri himni iyo. melodias erqva fantasy football. am musikis Sesaqmnelad iohans parizuli operis 60 musikosi dasWirda. cvaigma evropis ligis oTxi finalis gaxsnis ceremonialSi monawileoba miiRo, rogorc dijeim. 2010 - hamburgi, 2011 - dublini, 2012 - buqaresti, 2013 amsterdami. im periodSi frangi artisti solo
karieriT aqtiurad iyo dakavebuli. iohanis fsevdonimi gaxldaT - zveig. 2010 wels mReroda koncertze festival generation resorvire. imave wlis ianvarSi gamovida misi pirveli albomi (Boburst / Sony). musika aris popkulturis umniSvnelovanesi elementi da dasvenebis efeqturi saSualeba. adamians Tavisi sayvareli simReris mosmeniT cxovrebiseuli problemebidan droebiT yuradReba gadaaqvs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom musikam didi wvlili Seitana sportis popkulturad CamoyalibebaSi. es upirveles yovlisa ori kompozitoris toni britenisa da iohan cvaigis damsaxurebaa, romlebmac musikaluri SedevrebiT sportul samyaroSi TavianTi Tavi samudamod oqros asoebiT Caweres.
კონსტანტინე გოგინაშვილი
da mainc - „ragbi Cveni TamaSia” 2020 wlis 10 seqtembers qarTuli ragbis istoriisaTvis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani da saamayo faqti dadasturda. cnobili gaxda, rom saqarTvelo Semodgomis „erTa Tasze” iTamaSebda. evropis 6 uZlieres gunds am gaTamaSebaSi Cvens erovnul nakrebTan erTad fijic daemata. qarTuli ragbis istoriis ganmavlobaSi, „borjRalosnebi” nel-nela, etapobrivad miiwevdnen dasaxuli miznisaken da es mizani swored 6 erSi TamaSi iyo, iseT nakrebebTan erTad, rogorebica inglisis, safrangeTis, italiis, uelsis, irlandiisa da Sotlandiis „titanebi”. es Sansia momavalSi ufro didi gamarjvebebisa radgan gamocdilebas da im saTamaSo dones swored aseTi nakrebebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi miviRebT. „borjRalosnebs” londonSi, Semodgomis erTa Tasis A-jgufis pirveli turSi, inglisis nakrebi daupirispirda. sad Tuara londonSi gulSematkivrebma kargad ician sportis fasi zogadad qveynisaTvis. swored amitoma amitomaa britanetSi sporti ase ganviTarebuli. gulmSematkivrebi mudmivad avsebdnen stadionebsa da yovelTvis SesaSurad qomagodnen erovnul gundebs. pandemiis gamo uCveulo da cotaTi cudi sanaxavia
26
mayureblis gareSe Catarebuli yvelanairi sportuli RinisZieba. dameTanxmebiT stadionze gulSematkivari brwyinvale atmosferos qmnis. legendarul „Tviqenhemze” gamarTuli dapirispireba, rogorc eqspertebi Tu ubralod, orive qveynis gulSematkivrebi varaudobdnen maspinZelTa gamarjvebiT (40:0) dasrulda. damarcxebis miuxedavad, msoflios araerTi gavleniani saragbo portali miiCnevs, rom saqarTvelos moragbeTa erovnulma nakrebma sakmaod kargad warmoaCina Tavi da gamocda Caabara. qarTveli moragbeebisaTvis es pirveli jaxi iyo ingliselTaTvis sakulto cixesimagreSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom inglisis nakrebTan TamaSisas „borjRalosnebma” SotlandiasTan gamarTul amxnagur matCSi daSvebuli Secdomebi sagrZnoblad gamoaswores da gacilebiT ufro maRali donis TamaSi aCvenes. swored amitom daimsaxures, uqulod Catarebuli TamaSis miuxedavad, evropuli sportuli gamocemebis pativiscema. 40 quliani sxvaobiT damarcxebisa da daSvebuli Secdomebis miuxedavad – saqarTvelos moragbeTa erovnuli nakrebis gamosvla dadebiTad Sefasda. gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCino iyo komponenti, romliTac qarTuli ragbi sakmaod kargadaa cnobili. am matCis win ingliselebi gansakuTrebulad varjiSobdnen Serkinebaze, radgan „borjRalosanTa” Serkinebis siZliereze edi jonss araerTxel usaubria. matCis Semdeg ingliselTa Tavkacma qarTuli Serkinebis siZlires kidev erTxel gausva xazi. am dapirispirebas gavleniani saragbo portali – planetrugby-c gamoexmaura. sakmaod vrcel statiaSi xazi ZiriTadad Serkinebaze iyo gasmuli. Serkinebis Semkvreli beqa gorgaZe, romelmac Zalian kargad iTamaSa, gamocemam dadebiad Seafasa. planetrugby-s „mowonebulTa siaSi” gela afrasiZe da Tedo abJandaZec aRmoCndnen, aRsaRniSnavia rom biWebs marTlac didi momavali aqvT. „qarTvelebi SerkinebaSi Seupovrad idgnen da yoveli santimetrisTvis gmirulad ibrZodnen. fizikurad sakmaod Zlier “borjRalosnebs”, TavianTi dacvis saxiT, namdvilad saamayo aqvT. qarTvelTa fizikuri simyare moedanze mTliani matCis ganmavlobaSi igrZnoboda. „ingliselebTan jaxis Semdeg, saqarTvelo mniSvnelovnad gaizrdeba. „borjRalosnebi” moednis yvela monakveTSi gaitestnen da aqedan gamomdinare mxolod erTi ramis Tqma SeiZleba: sadebiuto Sexve-
draSi “Tviqenhemze”, saqarTvelom Tavi saamayod warmoaCina”, – vkiTxulobT planetrugby-s statiaSi. kidev erTi cnobili saragbo portali – rugby.co.uk koki TxilaiSvilisa da beqa gigaSvilis performansiT moixibla. gamocemam orive maTganis TamaSi 7-7 quliT Seafasa da qarTvel moragbeebs Soris, yvelaze maRali qula dauwera. saqarTvelos moragbeTa erovnuli nakrebi saqebari sityvebiT edi jonsmac daajildova, man Zlier qarTul Serkinebas kidev erTxel gausva xazi, ingliselTa Tavkacma aRniSna, rom ingliselTa erT-erT mTavar mizans Serkinebis ar daTmoba warmoadgenda.
ირაკლი ბლიაძე
veqtori
ფოტორეპორტაჟი
“
“
axali samyaros axali wesebibrZola gadarCenisTvis
1 weli axali koronavirusis gamoCenidan. pandemia msoflioSi. pandemia saqarTveloSi. pandemia baTumsa da saCxereSi. kovidTan brZola klinikebis reanimaciul palatebSi.
kovidinficirebulebi, eqimebi, Jurnalistebi. erTi mizani, sicocxlisTvis brZola. mZime viTareba, romelsac TiToeuli Cvengani profesionaluri SesaZleblobebiTa Tu maRali sazogadoebrivi pasuxismgeblobis wyalobiT, winaaRmdegobas uwevs. Cven vxedavT, Tu ra pirobebSi da rogor muSaoben eqimebi, ra mZime fsiqologiuri wnexis qveS arian pacientebi.
veqtori
27
ფოტორეპორტაჟი
“
“
axali samyaros axali wesebibrZola gadarCenisTvis
maT yvelas gansxvavebuli istoria aqvT. maswavlebeli, iuristi, mSenebeli da Tavad eqimic ki, yvelani reanimaciul ganyofilebaSi axal korona viruss ebrZvian. yvela qveyanas koronavirusis Tavisi istoria aqvs. pandemiam aSkarad dagvanaxa moqmedi jandacvis sistemebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi... faqtia, dResdReobiT mTel msoflios erTi da igive mizani aqvs - koronavirusis pandemiis damarcxeba.
fotoreportaJze muSaobdnen:
ხxelmZRvaneli: asocirebuli proofesori maia toraZe
nana gogataZe cotne SaorSaZe
redaqcia Jurnalistebi:
mTavari redaqtori:
mariam frangiSvili, laSa vaniSvili, luiza TedoraZe, mariam CuTlaSvili, salome SatberaSvili, nino abulaZe, irakli bliaZe, rati wverava, konstantine goginaSvili, ana lukava, nino lelaZe, mariam kvikvinia, magda kopaleiSvili, giorgi wulaia, irina SaniZe, nana svaniZe, liza mosiZe, nika RaribaSvili, TinaTin rexviaSvili, qristina kvaWantiraZe, lika kiknaZe
Tornike WitaZe
nomris redaqtori: mariam nebuliSvili
teqnikuri redaqtori: cotne SaorSaZe
damkabadoneblebi: mariam nebuliSvili, rati sardanaZe
stilistebi: nino mirianaSvili, Teona karanaia, mariam kvetenaZe
koreqtorebi: Tamar peraniZe, sofiko tabataZe
fotokorespondentebi:
ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის, სოციალურ და პოლიტიკურ მეცნიერებათა ფაკულტეტის, ჟურნალისტიკისა და მასობრივი კომუნიკაციების მიმართულების სტუდენტური სასწავლო გაზეთი
მისამართი: ი. ჭავჭავაძის გამზ. 8 ელ.ფოსტა: vectornewspaper@gmail. გაზეთში გამოყენებული ფოტოები არის გუგლის არქივიდან
nana gogataZe, cotne SaorSaZe
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