#8 / 2018
ili imis Taobaze, Tu rogor nadgurdeboda aTwleulze meti xnis manZilze saxelmwifos mier dafinansebuli urbanuli ganaxlebis programebiT da kerZo komerciuli developeruli proeqtebiT, amerikuli qalaqebis arqiteqturuli memkvidreobis didi nawili. „dakarguli niu-iorkis“ Sesaxeb mowyobil fotografiul gamofenaze (1963 w.) da am Temaze daweril wignSi (1967 w.) dokumentirebulia qvisa da Tujis nagebobebi, romlebic amSvenebdnen manhetenis centrs „oqros eridan“ meore msoflio omamde. am Senobebis umravlesoba Seewira momdevno periodis ganaxlebebs, romelTa paraleluradac, centraluri qalaqis komerciulma zonebma kidev ufro CrdiloeTiT gadainacvla. didi xnis manZilze, ngreva asocirdeboda gaumjobesebasTan, magram 1960iani wlebis dasawyisSi, sadgur pensilvaniis, oqros eris sarkinigzo terminalis ganadgurebam, romlis maRali SuSis gumbaTi Cveulebrivi saofise SenobiT Caanacvles, gaamZafra warsulis dakargvis koleqtiuri SegrZneba. „dakarguli bostonis“, „dakarguli Cikagosa“ da „dakarguli londonis“ Sesaxeb gamarTuli foto-gamofenebi TiTqmis universalur ukmayofilebas gamoxatavdnen urbanuli ganaxlebebis damangreveli strategiebis mimarT. kritika igrZnoboda sxvadasxva sferoebSi, dawyebuli esTetikiT da damTavrebuli sociologiiT. Jurnalisti jein jeikobsi, romlis ojaxic Greenwich Village-is Zveli nawilis Sereul, naxevrad sacxovrebel da naxevrad industriul zonaSi gadavida sacxovreblad, moiTxovda Zveli Senobebis SenarCunebas, im argumentiT, rom isini xels uwyobdnen socialur mravalferovnebas. jeikobsi amtkicebda, rom erTmaneTTan pirdapir kavSirSi iyo, erTi mxriv, patara, Zveli Senobebis arseboba da dabali qira, xolo meore mxriv, aqtiuri quCis cxovreba da specializirebuli, iafiani maRaziebisa da axali, saintereso ekonomikuri aqtivobebis gaCena. erTi sityviT, is miiCnevda, rom pirveli maTgani iwvevda qalaqis centris socialuri Rirebulebebis warmoSobas. aseve, sociologebis, herbert gansisa da mark fridis kvlevebma aCvena, rom fizikurad dauZlurebul qalaqis centris Temsac ki gaaCnia gajansaRebis xelSemwyobi socialuri Rirebuleba.
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am axali mgrZnobelobebis gaCenas daemata isic, rom qalaqis centrSi axali sacxovrisis fasebi gaizarda; maTi xelmisawvdomoba garTulda. amasobaSi, sqesTa Soris Tanasworobisa da ojaxis damoukideblobis axalma formebma gaaqro sacxovreblis karg skolebTan, supermarketebTan da ubnis maRaziebTan axlos yofnis saWiroeba; yovel SemTxvevaSi, ase moxda uSvilo an iseTi ojaxebisTvis, visac ar gaaCndaT Svilis kerZo skolaSi gagzavnis saxsrebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom Park Avenue-ze dasaxleba maTTvis zedmetad Zviri iyo da Upper East Side-ze Tavisi nebiT arasdros icxovrebdnen, umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone zeda saSualo fenis warmomadgenlebisTvis centri Seicavda socialur da esTetikur Rirebulebas. rac Seexeba dabalSemosavlian mosaxleobas, romelTac aseve kargi ganaTleba qondaT, maT umravlesobas qalebi da geebi Seadgendnen. isini misdevdnen karieras kulturis sferoSi da ZiriTadad, saxldebodnen erTsulian ojaxebad. maTTvis qalaqis centris mTavari Rirebuleba iyo is, rom mas SeeZlo xeli Seewyo klasterulobisTvis. qalaqis centris „moZvelebul“ ubnebSi mdebare, SedarebiT „iafiani“ Senobebi am jgufis kacebsa da qalebs aZlevdaT axali tipis kulturuli moxmarebis SesaZleblobas. axali saSualo fenis mosaxleoba, ZiriTadad, mecxramete saukuneSi aSenebul saxlebs yidulobda. isini sruli sizustiT aRadgendnen saRebavebis fenebiT gadafarul arqiteqturul detalebs, romlebsac bevri remontisa da rekonstruirebis Sedegad ieri hqondaT dakarguli. adreul 1960-ian wlebSi, britaneli sociologi ruT glasi iyo pirveli, vinc daafiqsira maTi yofna da aRwera es procesi, rogorc „jentris“ Semodineba londonis centralur ubnebSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom axal mosaxleobas ar hqonda maRali Semosavali, isini calsaxad ufro SeZlebulebi da ganaTlebulebi iyvnen, vidre maTi muSaTa klasis mezoblebi. am mezoblebs naklebad esmodaT, Tu ra izidavdaT maT qalaqis centrTan axlos mdebare mouvleli ubnebis Zvel saxlebSi. am periodidan moyolebuli, industrializebuli samyaros Zvel qalaqebSi imdenad gamravlden jentrifikaciis agentebi, rom maT kulturul moTxovnebs ukve ubnebis ganaxlebisa da qa-