mogzauroba arCil qiqoZe Tur heierdali mousvenrobis kaci

am adamianis saxeli icis yvelam, visac mogzauroba da Tavgadasavali itacebs. Tur heierdalis wignebi msoflios mraval enazea naTargmni, maT Soris, qarTulad. kaci, romelic namdvili meocnebe iyo, adamiani romelmac teqnologiur XX saukuneSi moaxerxa da yvelaze araordinaluri cxovrebiT icxovra. misi mecnieruli mignebebis umetesoba dRes ugulebelyofilia, marTalia, maT Tavis drozec eWvis TvaliT uyurebdnen, magram yvelaze did skeptikosebsac ki misi udidesi pativiscema hqondaT, radgan heierdali riskis da Tavgadasavlis kaci iyo, adamiani, romelmac Tavad gamoWeda sakuTari bedi, romelsac axalgazrdobaSi wylis panikuri SiSi hqonda da imdeni qna, rom martivi xis tiviT uzarmazari okeane gadacura. Tur heierdali iyo kaci, romelmac sakuTar patara qveyanas kidev ufro gauTqva saxeli, rogorc mogzaurTa samSoblos. dabolos, Tanamemamuleebma Tur heierdali XX saukunis yvelaze gamoCenil norvegielad aRiares!

momavali mogzauri 1 91 4 wels daibada norvegiis samxreTiT, zRvis piras mdebare arafriT gamorCeul daba lavrikSi, ludis mwarmoeblis ojaxSi. bavSvobidan itacebda zoologia da saxlSi patara zooparkic hqonda, romlis yvelaze gamorCeuli binadari Sxamiani gvelgesla iyo.

bior krepelini (1 890-1 966) – komersanti bergenidan, romelic gatacebuli iyo polineziiT. cnobilia polineziuri kulturis Sesaxeb Tavisi unikaluri biblioTekiT.

momavalma mogzaurma oslos universitetis sabunebismetyvelo fakultetze Caabara da swored iq Sexvda gamoCenil norvegiel mecniers bior krepelins, romelsac taitisa da wynari okeanis sxva kunZulebze mravali weli hqonda gatarebuli. masTan saubrebi da misi mdidari biblioTekis gacnoba heierdalis cxovrebaSi gadamwyveti aRmoCnda. universitetis damTavrebis Semdeg axladmoyvanil colTan erTad heierdali taitize gaemgzavra, iqidan ki – kunZul fatu-hivaze, sadac arc erTi TeTrkaniani adamiani ar cxovrobda. heierdalis mizani iyo civilizaciisgan Sors ecxovra, pirvelyofil samoTxeSi, Tavad moepovebina sarCo-sabadebeli da daufleboda pirvelyofil pirobebSi gadarCenis xelovnebas. faqtobrivad, is da misi meuRle pirveli hipebi iyvnen, magram maTi hipuri cxovreba sul ar iyo advili da uxifaTo. kunZulze jer kidev arsebobda kanibalizmi, garda amisa, maT win mravali saxifaTo Tavgadasavali da manamde maTTvis ucxo daavadebebi elodaT. erT-erTma avadobam kinaRam misi meuRlis, livis, sicocxle Seiwira, xolo bolos, roca adgilobrivebTanac gaufuWdaT urTierToba, wyvils saswrafod mouwia kunZulis datoveba. Tumca manamde, fatu-hivaze gatarebuli erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, heierdali marTla iqca tropikebSi gadarCenis specialistad, bevri ram Seityo adgilobrivTa wes-Cveulebebze, xolo tomis beladisgan moismina legenda uxsovar droSi didi kunZulidan navebiT mosuli adamianebis Sesaxeb. heierdalma maSinve CaTvala, rom didi kunZuli samxreT amerikis kontinenti unda yofiliyo. swored maSin gauCnda Teoria imis Sesaxeb, rom wynari okeanis kunZulebi SeiZleba samxreT amerikidan navebiT mosuli adamianebiT iyo dasaxlebuli da am Teoriis damtkicebac gadawyvita, risTvisac karga didi dro dasWirda, radgan win msoflio istoriis yvelaze sisxlismRvreli omi iyo.

meore msoflio omma Tur heierdals kana bio daSi r k mo repe uswr lini o, sadac adgilobrivi indielebis yofas swavlobda. 1 940 wlis aprilSi germaniam norvegiis okupacia moaxdina da samSoblodan Sors myof patriot axalgazrdas erTi suli hqonda, rodis Caebmeboda brZolaSi, Tumca amisTvis didxans mouwia lodini, inglisSi samxedro kursebi gaiara da norvegiaSi diversiuli jgufis SemadgenlobiT gadavida. manamde gemi, romliTac norvegiisken miemarTeboda, germanulma wyalqveSa navma kinaRam CaZira.

rodesac evropasa da msoflioSi mSvidobam daisadgura, heierdalma Tavis cxovrebis proeqtisTvis moicala. 1947 wels, xuT TanamemamulesTan erTad, mogzauri peruSi Cavida sruliad fantastikuri ganzraxviT –xisagan agebuli martivi tiviT wynari okeane gadaecura da samxreT amerikis napirebidan polineziis kunZulebamde Casuliyo. polinezielTa miTologiaze dayrdnobiT, heierdali varaudobda, rom es kunZulebi samxreT amerikidan zRviT misuli inkebis STamomavlebiT iyo dasaxlebuli. dRes, rodesac genetikuri analizis saSualebiT mecnierebs SeuZliaT msoflioSi adamianis gansaxlebis sakmaod mkafio suraTi Seqmnan, norvegielis Teoria uaryofilia. am Teorias mecnieruli wreebi arc maSin eTanxmebodnen, xolo tiviT okeanis gadacurva mezRvaurebs gaugonar sigiJed miaCndaT.

perus mTavari portidan – kaliaodan – norvegiul eqspedicias ise acilebdnen, rogorc ueWvel sikvdilze mimaval gunds, magram heierdalma da misma Tanamoazreebma icodnen, ras akeTebdnen.

rodesac XV saukunis bolodan espanelebma samxreT amerikis nawili daipyres da sisxlis zRva daatriales, maT sakmaod kargad aRweres adgilobrivTa wes-Cveulebebi. swored espanel konkistadorTa wignebSi aRmoaCina heierdalma xseneba balsis xis

msubuqi merqnisgan damzadebuli tivebisa, romlebiTac indielebi karga Rrmad Sediodnen okeaneSi. imave wignebSi ipova am tivebis suraTebi. oRond problema is iyo, rom Zvirfasi xeebi didi xnis win gaeCexaT okeanis sanapiroze da maT mosapoveblad norvegielebs kontinentis SigniT mouwiaT SeRweva. ekvadorSi moWres cxra xe da maTi Zvirfasi merqani peruSi Caitanes.

radgan mogzaurebis mizani iyo, yvelaferSi Zveli inkebis msgavsad moqceuliyvnen, tivis agebis dros ar gamouyenebiaT rkinis arc erTi lursmani. tivis Ziri erTmaneTze TokebiT gadabmuli balsis xis cxra sqeli morisgan Sedgeboda, am Zirze zevidan perpendikularulad iyo gadakruli cxra ufro mcire zomis mori, xolo maTze damagrebuli iyo bambukisgan gakeTebuli iataki. tivis centrSi idga bambukisganve awyobili

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qoxi, romelSic mogzaurebi dRisiT Takara mzisgan afarebdnen Tavs, RamiT ki eZinaT. tivs hqonda saWe da ialqnebi. es ucnauri konstruqcia, romelsac heierdalma inkebis RmerTis saxeli „kon-tiki“ uwoda, 1 947 wlis 28 aprils wyalSi CauSves da daiwyo jer arnaxuli mogzauroba, romlis Sedegsac mTeli msoflio interesiT eloda.

ra Tqma unda, heierdals Tavgadasavali brmad ar wamouwyia, mas Seswavlili hqonda okeanis dinebebi da qaris mimarTuleba, romelic perus sanapirodan mudmivad dasavleTisken uberavda. am qaris da dinebis wyalobiT `kon-tikim~ maSinve iseTi tempi aiRo, rom pirvelive cdaze, rodesac jgufis operatori rezinis navSi gadajda, raTa „kontiki“ gverdidan gadaeRo, aRmoCnda, rom niCbebis mosmiTac ki ver daeweoda tivs. maSin, ukanasknel wams, jgufis sxva wevrma

welze Toki moiba, wyalSi gadaeSva da ase moaxerxa navamde miRweva da operatoris tivze dabruneba. am SemTxvevis mere eqspediciis wevrebi mxolod TokiT dabmulebi Tu tovebdnen tivs da isic Sors verc micuravdnen, radgan wynari okeane zvigenebiT iyo savse. norvegielebs dabmulebsve eZinaT, rom morig talRas zRvaSi ar gadaeyara.

mogzaurebs Tan hqondaT erTi tona mtknari wyali, romelsac ekonomiis mizniT okeanis wyalTan azavebdnen da ise svamdnen. erTi-erTze gazavebuli mariliani da mtknari wyali sasmelad vargisi iyo da wyurvilsac klavda. norvegielebi svamdnen daWerili Tevzis limfur siTxesac, risTvisac Tevzs xvretdnen da naxvretidan naJur siTxes agrovebdnen. aRmoCnda, rom am gziTac SeiZleboda wyurvilis mokvla.

`kon-tikis~ ekipaJi. marcxnidan: knut hauglandi, bengt danielsoni, Tur heierdali, erik heselbergi, torsten rebi, herman vacingeri

mogzaurTa sakveb racionSi mTavari maT mier primitiuli meTodebiT mopovebuli Tevzi iyo. norvegielebi Zalian advilad iWerdnen gaumaZRar zvigenebsac. sakmarisi iyo kauWiT daboloebuli joxis wyalSi Cayofa, rom mtacebeli maSinve datakeboda kauWze wamocmul xorcis naWers. mTavari samuSao maSin iwyeboda, rodesac zvigens tivze aaTrevdnen da iq misi mokvla Subebis da xelketebis saSualebiT uwevdaT.

aqve unda iTqvas, rom zvigenebi, romlebzec isini nadirobdnen, patara zomisa iyvnen, magram heierdalis eqspediciis wevrebma kameriT gadaiRes scena, rodesac maT tivs uzarmazari vefxvisebri zvigeni mosdevda. es unikaluri kadrebia, pirdafCenili zRvis urCxuli lamis tivze amoxtes, barjebmomarjvebuli norvegielebi ki daZabulebi ucqeren mis yovel moZraobas. bolos erT-erTs nervebi umtyunebs da barjs mTeli ZaliT Caasobs zvigens. mtacebelma dayvinTa, Toki, romliTac barji mobmuli hqonda tivs, daiWima da gawyda, magram zvigeni meti aRar gamoCenila.

mogzaurebisTvis usiamovno iyo veSapebis gundTan Sexvedrac. okeanis goliaTebma TiTqos alya Semoartyes tivs, romlis gadabruneba kudis erTi dartymiT SeeZloT, mis qveS curavdnen, ise axlos iyvnen, rom amoyvinTvisas maTgan gaSvebuli wylis Wavli mogzaurebs wuwavda, magram yvelaferma mSvidobiT Caiara.

„kon-tiki“ dReSi saSualod 80 kilometrs gadioda, rekordi ki dReSi 1 20 kilometri iyo. mTlianobaSi norvegielebs amindSi gaumarTlaT, mxolod orjer moxvdnen saSinel qariSxalSi, romlis merec tivs seriozuli SekeTeba dasWirda, oRond saremonto samuSaoebic gzadagza tardeboda, radgan gaCerebis saSualeba ubralod ar iyo.

mogzaurobis 99-e dRes atexilma qariSxalma Seiwira perudan wamoyvanili yvelasTvis sayvareli TuTiyuSis sicocxle. es molaparake frTosani Zalian axalisebda ekipaJis yofas. marTalia, TuTiyuSma espanuri sityvebi icoda, magram Tavis wignSi heierdali werda, rom sul male frinveli norvegiu

li aqcentiT alaparakda. im didi Stormis dros ki TuTiyuSi ubralod gaqra, etyoba, talRam zRvaSi gadaagdo.

sabednierod, TuTiyuSi maSin erTaderTi danakargi aRmoCnda. ramdenime dReSi mogzaurebma jer wylis Tavze frinveli SeniSnes, rac miwis siaxlovis utyuari niSani iyo da mere – polineziis erT-erTi kunZuli, romliskenac tivis mibruneba ver SeZles, radgan qari maT win miaqanebda. kidev ramdenime kunZuls gascdnen da bolos erTerTisken moaxerxes tivis mitrialeba, magram xmeleTamde ramdenime aseuli metriT dacilebuli `kon-tiki~ marjnis rifze Sejda. im momentSi, rodesac marjnis rifTan Sejaxeba gardauvali gaxda, eqspediciis radisti morzes anbaniT elaparakeboda radiomoyvaruls axali zelandiidan, romlis signalis daWerac SemTxveviT SeZlo. mogzaurebma axalzelandiels sTxoves, rom 35 saaTi moecada da Tuki maTgan aranairi signali aRar iqneboda, msoflio gangaSi aetexa. rifTan Sejaxeba mogzaurobis finaluri da yvelaze dramatuli momenti iyo. tivi gadarCa, ubralod, rifze SerCa da gaiWeda. misi iqidan daZvra SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda, napiramde ki sul orasiode metri iyo darCenili. male daiwyo okeanis miqceva. wylis do

nem daiwia da muxlamde wyalSi mogzaurebi fexiT mividnen kunZulamde. es moxda mogzaurobis dawyebidan 1 03-e dRes. xis tivi, romelmac Ria zRvaSi 8 000 kilometri gaiara, rifze darCa. norvegielebma ki amdeni xnis manZilze pirvelad gaiares xmeleTze, gadaitanes gadarCenili bargi, gaaSres da aawyves dasvelebuli da dazianebuli racia da im dros auwyes msoflios eqspediciis warmatebiT dasruleba, rodesac daTqmuli 35 saaTidan, mxolod 5 iyo darCenili.

„kon-tikis“ mogzaurobis mere Tur heierdali msoflioSi erT-erT yvelaze popularul adamianad iqca. ra Tqma unda, igi miRweuls ar dasjerda da Cveuli cxovreba gaagrZela – qmnida absoluturad aramecnierul, magram popularul Teoriebs da mere piradi magaliTiT cdilobda maT damtkicebas. mas arasodes ainteresebda profesionali mecnierebis azri, misi wignebi samecniero wreebze metad farTo mkiTxvelisTvis iyo gankuTvnili, magram es kaci, romelic arafrad agdebda dabrkolebebs da faTeraks, Tavisebur msoflio keTili nebis elCad iqca.

xolo rodesac heierdalma atlantis okeanis gadacurva ganizraxa, transportad ki lerwmisgan agebuli navi airCia, iseTi, rogoriTac nilosze dacuravdnen Zveli egviptelebi, man norvegiuli ekipaJis nacvlad, navze msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxidan sxvadasxva aRmsareblobisa da rasis xalxi miiwvia. amiT heierdals undoda eCvnebina, rom msoflio yvelasia.

navs egvipturi RmerTis saxeli „ra“ uwodes. amjerad mousvenar norvegiels undoda sakuTari magaliTiT eCvenebina,

xomaldi `ra-2~ rom amgvari transportiT Zvel egviptelebs SeeZloT mieRwiaT amerikis napirebamde da egvipturi da samxreTamerikuli piramidebis msgavseba mxolod imis niSani iyo, rom isini erTma da imave xalxma aago. dRes misi es Teoriac ugulebelyofilia, magram Tavgadasavali dResac yvelas aRafrTovanebs.

„ras“ ekipaJis Svidive wevri sxvadasxva qveynidan iyo. heierdalma eqimad rusi mogzauri iuri senkeviCi miiwvia, rac im droisTvis sakmaod uCveulo ram iyo, radgan sabWoTa kavSiri dasavluri samyaros dauZinebel mtrad ganixileboda, magram norvegieli mogzauri am yvelaferze maRla idga. eqspediciis operatori da fotografi iyo gamoCenili italieli mTamsvleli da mogzauri karlo mouri, romelic msoflios araerT urTules mwvervalze iyo asuli da fexiT hqonda gavlili marko polos gza italiidan CineTamde. im dros ukve dawyebuli iyo jerac dausrulebeli konfliqti israelsa da arabul samyaros Soris, heierdalma isic moaxerxa, rom ekipaJSi erTi arabi da erTic ebraeli wevri hyoloda. saerTodac, eqspediciis arc erTi wevri ar iyo ubralo adamiani, yvelaze saintereso ki isaa, rom erTaderTi profesionali mezRvauri navze iyo mesaWe – amerikeli norman beikeri.

aqve vityviT, rom pirveli cdiT atlantis okeanis gadacurva ver moxerxda, radgan „ras“ konstruqcia ar aRmoCnda srulyofili – navi cal mxares ixreboda da wyals xapavda. heierdali da misi xalxi warmoudgeneli Seupovrobis da sijiutis xarjze ganagrZobda gzas. yoveli morigi qariSxali CaZirviT emuqreboda sifrifana navs, romelic mogzaurobis 51 -e dRes ubralod Suaze gadatyda da ekipaJs misi mitoveba mouwia. heierdalma Semdeg wels imave masaliT aago

xomaldi `ra~

ukeTesi navi – „ra-2“ da imave ekipaJiT marokodan wasulma, mSvidobiT CaaRwia barbadosamde. wynari okeanis kvaldakval boboqari atlantis okeanec damorCilda jiuti norvegielis nebas.

„kon-tikis“ da „ras“ mogzaurobebs Soris 22 welia. am xnis ganmavlobaSi heierdali wamiT ar gaCerebula, awarmoebda arqeologiur gaTxrebs aRdgomis kunZulze, qmnida axal-axal Teoriebs da werda wignebs. misi erT-erTi Teoriis mixedviT, dRevandeli skandinavielebis istoriuli samSoblo dRevandeli azerbaijanis teritoriaze mdebareobda, xolo uZvelesi kavkasieli xalxis – udebis saxeli vikingebis warmarTuli RmerTis saxels, odins, daukavSira. heierdalma ramdenjerme imogzaura azerbaijanSi da baqos samxreTiT, gobustanSi, kedlebze amotvifruli Zveli naxatebi Zvel skandinaviur simboloebTan daakavSira.

1 977 wels heierdalma kidev erTi lerwmis navi aago, man mdinare tigrosiT, erayidan, sparseTis yuris gavliT indoeTis okeaneSi Secura, Semdeg arabeTis naxevarkunZuls Semouara, magram wiTel zRvaSi aRar Sesula. aRmosavleT afrikis patara qveynis, jibutis, sanapirosTan mogzaurebma navi dawves, riTac regionSi warmoebuli omebis winaaRmdeg protesti gamoxates.

Tur heierdali imiT aris unikaluri, rom misi arseboba ufro mniSvnelovani iyo, vidre misi sruliad fantastikuri da daumtkicebeli Teoriebi. es unikaluri adamiani uyvardaT yvelgan, sadac ar unda Casuliyo. albaT, iSviaTad moiZebneba vinme sxva, romelic amdeni sxvadasxva saxelmwifos jildoebis mflobeli iyos. ra Tqma unda, is gansakuTrebiT mSobliur norvegiaSi uyvarT, radgan patara, xuTmilioniani erisTvis TiToeuli saxelganTqmuli Svili gansakuTrebiT Zvirfasia.

1 994 wels msaxiob liv ulmanTan erTad swored 70 wlis Tur heierdals ergo pativi lilehameris zamTris olimpiuri TamaSebi gaexsna. mogzaurs arasodes hyolia amxela auditoria, im dRes is miliardze meti telemayureblis winaSe wardga.

87 wlis Tur heierdali 2002 wlis 1 8 aprils ojaxis wevrebis garemocvaSi, italiis patara qalaq alasioSi gardaicvala.