jim korbeti kaciWamiebze monadire da bunebis mcveli

arCil qiqoZe jim korbetis wignSi „rudrapraiagis leopardi“ (qarTulad am wignis saTauri arasworadaa naTargmni da mas „rudrapraiagis avaza“ hqvia) aris erTi momenti, romelic xSirad maxsendeba. avtori RamiT leSTan usafrdeba kaciWamia leopards, romelsac as oc adamianze meti hyavs mokluli. es nadiri yvelaze frTxili da veragia maT Soris, viszec ki unadiria. radgan leSis garSemo xe ar aris, monadire safars miwaze awyobs, zurgiT kldezea miyudebuli da mTvariani Ramis imedi aqvs, magram mTvares Rrublebi faravs, iwyeba kokispiruli wvima da korbeti srul sibneleSi aRmoCndeba. monadire Tavad xdeba sanadiro obieqti. yovel wuTs elis, rom leopardi Caafrindeba. kunapet sibneleSi misi Tofic gamousadegari xdeba. korbeti pijaks ixdis da yelze ixvevs, radgan leopardi Tavis msxverpls mudam yelSi asobs eSvebs. xelSi bRujavs qaSmirul xanjals, romlis tarzec sami naWdevia, rac imas niSnavs, rom wina patrons amiT sami adamiani hyavs mokluli. „rodesac am naWdevebis mniSvneloba amixsnes, mivxvdi, rom gulisamrevi suveniri viyide, magram axla, am bnel RameSi, mainc bednieri viyavi, rom xelSi meWira“. riski jim korbetis cxovrebis nawili iyo. ori msoflio omis monawile oficeri da kaciWamia mtaceblebze monadire, xSirad uyurebda sikvdils TvalebSi, magram is avdriani, bneli Rame, rodesac indoeTis yvelaze saSiS mxecTan xanjlis amara darCa, mainc gamorCeulad sazareli iyo misTvis. wignis kiTxvisas amas naTlad xvdebi. jim korbetis qarTulad naTargmni wignebi bavSvobaSi Seviyvare da sul axlaxan gadavikiTxe, roca gavige, rom indoeTSi mivemgzavrebodi ukve am jadosnur qveyanaSi moxvedrili, mxolod korbetis „kumaonis kaciWamiebs“, „taZris vefxvs“, „rudrapariagis leopards“ vkiTxulobdi da mjeroda, rom es wignebi da maTi avtori damexmarebodnen vefxvi menaxa da, mgoni, damexmarnen kidec, magram amaze – cota gvian. iyo dro, rodesac didi britaneTi yvelaze Zlevamosili saxelmwifo iyo da naxevar msoflioze batonobda misi kolonia iyo indoeTic, romlis marTva sulac ar iyo advili saqme, magram ingliselebma mainc moaxerxes, rom morCilebaSi hyolodaT mravaleTnikuri da mravalreligiuri indoeTi, romelic maSinac da dResac evropisgan da mTeli msofliosgan absoluturad gansxvavebuli qveyanaa yvela ingliseli rodi uZlebda indoeTis tropikul daavadebebs, gamudmebul ajanyebebs, adgilobriv wes-Cveulebebs da Tundac garSemo gamefebul siRatakes viRacisTvis indoeTSi samxedro an sajaro samsaxuri sasjeli iyo, viRaca ki am qveyanas iyvarebda da iq samudamod rCeboda eseni gamorCeulad Zlieri adamianebi iyvnen jim korbeti 1875 wels daibada indoeTis CrdiloeTSi, kumaonis olqSi. is merve Svili iyo TeqvsmetSvilian ojaxSi, romlis ukve ramdenime Taoba cxovrobda indoeTSi jim korbetis maminacvali gadamdgari samxedro iyo da daba nainitalSi fostis ufrosad muSaobda adgili, sadac momavali monadire gaizarda, himalais mTiswineTSi mdebareobs misi bavSvobis dros ki nainitals gars gauvali tyeebi – junglebi ertya dResac ki, rodesac indoeTis mosaxleoba raodenobiT sadacaa CineTisas gauswrebs, sadac milioniani qalaqebi „patarebad“ miiCneva, xolo asi aTasiani dasaxlebebi – sof- lad, am qveyanaSi mogzaurobisas gaocebs adamianebis da gareuli nadir-frinvelis mWidro Tanacxovreba. mtacebeli frinvelebi qalaqis nagavSi iqeqebian, parkebSi, xeebze, uzarmazar Ramurebs – mfrinav meliebs aqvT koloniebi mowyobili, Sxamiani gvelebis an maTze monadire mangustis naxva qalaqis centralur ubnebSi SeiZleba, xolo imave qalaqebSi maimunebi ufro metia, vidre nainitali quCis ZaRlebi. es Tanacxovreba Zalian did STabeWdilebas axdens. xolo korbetis bavSvobasa da axalgazrdobaSi, roca tyeebs ganuzomlad didi adgili ekava, indoeTi nadir-frinveliT usazRvrod mdidari iyo. bunebaze Seyvarebuli patara biWic usasrulod daexeteboda TofiT nainitalis garSemo da nel-nela Tavisi qveynis floris da faunis ubadlo mcodne xdeboda. diax, indoeTi misi samSoblo iyo da sxva samSoblo korbets ara hqonia inglisSi mas arasodes ucxovria, mSobliuri indoeTi ki sigiJemde uyvarda misi pirveli gamyolebic da bunebis ana-banas maswavleblebic indusi brakonierebi iyvnen rogorc TviTon wers mogonebebis wignSi „Cemi indoeTi“, aTi wlisa marto iZinebda miwaze, tyeSi, romelic vefxvebiT iyo savse pirveli leopardi ki cxra wlisam mokla korbeti bavSvobidan daeufla junglis sibrZnes tyis yvela xmauris da Cqamis mniSvneloba icoda, SeeZlo kvalis kiTxva da frinvelebisa da cxovelebis mibaZva. mogvianebiT, erT-erTi kaciWamia vefxvi man amZuvnebuli dedali vefxvis xmiT miityua da ramdenime metris manZilidan mokla aseve SeeZlo vefxvis da leopardis gadaadgileba Se- etyo junglis sxva binadrebis atexili xmauriT, iqneboda es patara iremi karkeri, maimuni languri, TeTrTava bulbuli Tu sxva cxovel-frinveli, romlebic mtaceblis gamoCenaze gangaSs texen rodesac me korbetis sacxovrebeli da sanadiro adgilebidan xuTasi kilometriT daSorebul rantamboris nakrZalSi Sevedi, iq mxolod vefxvebi rodi vnaxe, Cemi TvaliT vixile korbetis wignebis sxva personaJebi – irmebi, zambarebi da Citalebi, maimuni langurebi raRacnairi momzadebuli viyavi am SexvedrisTvis es xom is arsebebi iyvnen, romelTa Sesaxeb amdeni wamekiTxa, amdeni warmomedgina da mefiqra axla ki maT vxedavdi da maTi xmebi mesmoda. TiTqos fokusi gavaswore durbindSi, fotoaparatSi andac sakuTar TvalebSi, romliTac samyaros vxedav, wigns vkiTxulob. rantamboris nakrZalSi Sevabije, korbetis aRwerili junglis binadrebi sakuTari TvaliT vnaxe da wakiTxulsa da naocnebars xorci Seesxa im dRes...

Cemi statiis gmirma ki 19 wlisam daaneba swavlas Tavi da rkinigzaze daiwyo muSaoba, jer – rogorc sawvavis inspeqtorma da mere – rogorc mtvirTavebis xelmZRvanelma, mdinare gangis sanapiroze, biharis StatSi arsebul mokama xatis rkinigzis sadgurze cxovrebis es periodi korbets iseve eamayeboda, rogorc kaciWamia vefxvebis da leopardebis ganadgureba, es mis wignebSi kargad Cans mtvirTavebad mas, ra Tqma unda, indoelebi hyavda – indusebi (induizmis mimdevrebi) da muslimebi induistebi maSinac da dResac warmoSobis mixedviT dayofilia kastebad, romelTa Soris umaRlesi – brahmanebi (orjer dabadebulebi), umdablesi ki xelSeuxeblebi arian. kastaTa Soris ar arsebobs qorwineba, zogjer ar arsebobs aranairi kontaqti, radgan erTT keTilSobiluri warmoSobisad miaCniaT Tavi, meoreebs ki – umdablesad, indoelebisTvis Cveuli fatalizmiT Seguebuli arian sakuTar beds da imis imedad arian, rom reinkarnaciis (meored dabadebis) Semdeg SeiZleba sxva sxeulSi dabadebuli maTi suli sazogadoebrivi ierarqiis ufro maRal safexurze aRmoCndes. es Zalian rTuli sazogadoebaa, romelsac dResac uWirs erToblivi ZalisxmeviT saxelmwifos Seneba. am xalxis marTva Wirs dResac da Wirda maSinac, miT ufro – ingliselisTvis. korbetma SeZlo kastaTa Soris lavireba, moaxerxa, rom is, rogorc ufrosi da xelmZRvaneli, yvela qveSevrdomma Seiyvara, radgan Tavad kargad icnobda am xalxs da iTvaliswinebda maT saWiroebebs da religiur Taviseburebebs. korbeti uyvardaT, samarTlianad miaCndaT. yvela gaWirvebuls

SeeZlo misgan fulis sesxeba is maT ganaTlebazec zrunavda, sakuTari muSebis SvilebisTvis xsnida ufaso skolebs da sjeroda indoeTis da misi xalxis sidiadis Tavad ingliseli pirdapir werda, rom mova dro da indoeTi gaTavisufldeba da Rirseul, damoukidebel saxelmwifos Seqmniso rkinigzaze muSaobisas daiwyo korbetma kaciWamia vefxvebze nadiroba. Tuki dRes indoeTSi sami aTasi vefxvic aRar aris darCenili, XX saukunis dasawyisSi maTi raodenoba asi aTass aRwevda es uzarmazari mtacebeli da adamiani gverdigverd cxovrobdnen da maT Soris konfliqti gardauvali iyo sxvaTa Soris, es konfliqti dRemde arsebobs da indoeTSi yovelwliurad aTi adamiani mainc iRupeba vefxvis klanWebSi (leopardebisgan, romlebic pirdapir qalaqebis gareubnebSi cxovroben, mokluli adamianebis ricxvi gacilebiT didia), maSin ki situacia bevrad mZime iyo korbeti bavSvobidan icnobda vefxvebs da esmoda, rom Cveulebriv, nadiri adamians gaurbis, Tavs arasodes esxmis, magram ama Tu im mizeziT dasaxiCrebuli mtacebeli, romelic gareuli nadiris, irmebis Tu sxva Cliqosnebis monadirebis unars kargavs, msxverplad ufro susts, adamians, irCevs erTxel gaigebs mis gemos, gadaabijebs orfexis mimarT instinqtur SiSs, mixvdeba, ra advili mosanadirebeli yofila adamiani, kaciWamia xdeba da maSin indoeTis soflebs namdvili ubedureba atydeba Tavs. da mainc, aRwerili aTasi ubedurebis miuxedavad, korbetis wignebi advili da kargi sakiTxavia maTTvis, visac buneba uyvars da ainteresebs es bunebis ubadlo mcodnis, namdvili profesionalis naweria, Tanac iseTis, literaturuli niWic rom aqvs msgavsi literatura axalgazrdobaSi bevri maqvs wakiTxuli, magram korbetisTana sxva avtori ar Semxvedria kaciWamia nadirs is mudam marto udgeboda kvalSi, radgan mxolod sakuTari Tavis imedad erCivna yofna. vefxvebis da leopardebis saqcieli winaswar SeeZlo ganeWvrita magaliTad, vefxma ar icis, rom adamians susti ynosva aqvs da masac ise epareba, rogorc irems an gareul Rors miepareboda, qaris mimarTulebas iTvaliswinebs da Tavdasasxmelad iseT kuTxes irCevs, rom niavi adamianisgan misken qrodes da ara – piriqiT amitomac vefxvze monadire korbeti arasodes moZraobda qaris sapirispiro mimarTulebiT, raTa zurgi daculi hqonoda junglSi siarulisas imnair zigzagebs akeTebda, rom safrTxe mudam mis win an gverdiT yofiliyo am kacisTvis araferi iyo xis totze Ramis Teneba da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Zilic miuxedavad imisa, rom kaciWamiebis ganadgureba saWiro da aucilebel saqmed miaCnda da did kmayofilebas hgvrida, arasodes ezizReboda nadiri, romelsac kvalSi edga. icoda, rom vefxvi kaciWamia ubeduri SemTxvevis gamo gaxda da ara sakuTari surviliT da yovel jerze amis dasturs mokluli nadiris sxeulSi poulobda – rogorc wesi, es iyo an bedovlaTi monadiris nasroli tyvia, romelmac vefxvi daasaxiCra da Cveuli siswrafe daakargvina an maCvzRarbas ekali, romelic am cxovelze Tavdasxmisas nadirs TaTSi esoba da samudamod akoWlebs. korbeti wers, rom leopardebis kaciWamiebad qcevis mizezi sxva iyo indoeTSi micvalebulebs wvaven da maT ferfls mdinares atanen aseTia am qveynis mosaxleobis induisturi nawilis dakrZalvis ceremonia, magram saSineli epidemiebis dros, roca saxlidan gamosvla da sxvebTan kontaqti TiTqmis SeuZlebeli iyo, micvalebuls ubralod nakverCxals udebdnen pirSi da xramSi agdebdnen, leopardebi ki leSiT ikvebebodnen da adamianis xorcs eCveodnen. swored didi epidemiis Semdeg gamoCnda rudrapraiagis leopardi, yvelaze eSmaki cxoveli, romelze nadirobac korbets Tveebis ganmavlobaSi mouwia da am nadirobas mTeli wigni miuZRvna. unda iTqvas, rom ufro adre korbets mokluli hyavda sxva kaciWamia leopardic, romelmac oTxasi adamiani imsxverpla, magram es nadiri Zalian miyruebul provinciaSi moqmedebda da mis Sesaxeb bevrma ar icoda. rudrapraiagis kaciWamia ki adamianebze nadirobda mlocvelTa gzaze, romelzec induisturi siwmindeebis mosanaxuleblad yovel wels aTi aTasobiT adamiani mimodioda. vefxvisgan gansxvavebiT, leopardi mxolod RamiT nadirobs, es nadiri ki pirdapir saxlebidan da momlocvelTa sadgomebidan korbeti aSenebs samalav qoxs leopardze sanadirod

Campavatis kaciWamiis saxeliT cnobili pirveli kaciWamia vefxvi 31 wlis korbetma 1907 wels mokla es iyo mxeci, romelsac adamianTa ganadgurebis absoluturi rekordi – 436 sicocxle ekuTvnis pirveli orasi adamiani vefxvma nepalSi mokla da mas mere, rac iqidan mTeli nepaluri armiis ZalisxmeviT gamoaZeves, mezobel kumaonSi daido bina da iq gaagrZela „moRvaweoba“. kumaoneli indusebi mas „SaiTans“ (eSmaks) eZaxdnen. rodesac korbetis tyviam vefxvi gangmira, mis nakuwebad daglejas asobiT adgilobrivi glexi Seecada. arc aris gasakviri – raionebi, sadac wlebis manZilze esa Tu is kaciWamia boginebda, namdvili teroris qveS imyofeboda. vefxvebis da leopardebis SiSiT mTliani soflebi icleboda da sacxovreblad sxva, ufro usafrTxo adgilas gadadioda. andac, vefxvi dRisiT, mzisiT mTeli soflis Tvalwin itacebda qalsa Tu kacs da veravin bedavda mis gamodevnebas, imdenad didi iyo es pirvelyofili SiSi.

jim korbeti

itacebda msxverpls masze werdnen gazeTebi, misi mokvlisTvis dawesebuli iyo premiebi, magram leopardi mudam gamarjvebuli rCeboda korbetTan dapirispirebaSic man araerTi raundi moigo, magram mravalTviani nadirobis Semdeg monadirem mainc ajoba da mokla qalaq rudrapraigis gareubanSi xidan umTvaro RamiT marjved nasroli tyviiT. Txis Savi cikani, romliTac korbetma kaciWamia miityua da romelic leopardis Tavdasxmas gadaurCa, patronis movlis sagani da Semosavlis wyaro gaxda. mTel indoeTSi is yvelaze cnobili Txa iyo da Rrma siberemde uzrunvelad icocxla. mangos xec, romelzec korbets safari hqonda mowyobili, Tayvaniscemis Tavisebur adgilad iqca da, ra Tqma unda, monadireze didxans icocxla. internetSi am xis fotoebic arsebobs. Zvel suraTebze is marto dgas, mere mis garSemo qalaqi Sendeba, xe berdeba... axla ukve isic aRar arsebobs.

pirveli kaciWamia vefxvi korbetma 31 wlisam mokla, ukanaskneli ki – 60 wels gadacilebulma. mTeli 30 weli es adamiani erTaderTi imedi iyo SiSisgan paralizebuli mosaxleobisTvis. mas RmerTiviT eTayvanebodnen, masSi mxsnels xedavdnen da elodnen.

oRond es adamiani meti iyo, vidre ubralod monadire. man pirvelma ganWvrita, rom indoeTis bunebas da mis mSvenebas – vefxvs –dacva sWirdeboda mas ekuTvnis mSobliur kumaonSi erovnuli parkis Seqmnis idea amisTvis Zala ar dauSurebia sibereSi Tofs foto da kinoaparati amjobina. iRebda vefxvebs bunebaSi da cdilobda maT gadarCenas. es ki sul ar iyo advili saqme inglisuri koloniuri mTavrobis warmomadgenlebi da indusi feodalebi vefxvebze uzarmazar nadirobebs awyobdnen. am nadirobebis masStabi rom agixsnaT, mxolod erT faqts moviyvan. jaipuris rajis mTavari Sikari (monadire), polkovniki kesri singxi, Tavis wignSi „rajastanis vefxvebi“ wers, rom mxolod mas aTasi vefxvi hyavs mokluli. misnairebi ki bevrni iyvnen. korbeti amas yvelafers xedavda da icoda, rom vefxvTan erTad indoeTi Zvirfas ganZs dakargavda Zalisxmevam Sedegi gamoiRo da misi mSobliuri nainitalis midamoebSi marTla Seiqmna pirveli daculi teritoria, romelsac dRes misi saxeli –korbetis erovnuli parki hqvia da SigniT, sxva mraval nadirTan erTad, 260-mde vefxvic binadrobs indoeTSi rom mivdiodi, guli, ra Tqma unda, korbetis erovnuli parkisken miwevda, im adgilisken, sadac odesRac es kaci daiareboda jer TofiT da mere fotoaparatiT SeiaraRebuli, magram bolos mainc rajastanSi arsebuli rantamboris nakrZali varCie, radgan naTeli tyis da naxevarudabnos landSaftis wyalobiT masSi ufro advilia vefxvis naxva, korbetis parki ki uzarmazaria da iqauri tyeebi – uRrani me vnaxe vefxvebi – es sanaxaoba Cemi cxovrebis erT-erT mTavar ambad iqca da, marTalia, rajastanidan kumaonamde Soria, magram korbetis da misi wignebis wyaloba iyo, rom iq aRmovCndi da am didebul nadirs velur bunebaSi vucqire dRes vefxvi indoeTSi mxolod qveynis simbolo rodia, is aTasobiT adamianis Semosavlis wyaroa vefxvis sanaxavad indoeTis dacul teritoriebs milionobiT adamiani stumrobs. rom ara vefxvi, am tyeebsac aRaravin mouvlis, ar gaufrTxildeba, maTac sasoflo savargulebad an axali qalaqebisTvis adgilis mosaclelad gaCexaven da aRar iarsebebs mravali sxva cxoveli, romelzec es didebuli mxeci nadirobs. indoeTSi vefxvi daculia da am dacvis saTaveebTan maTze yvelaze ganTqmuli monadire dgas. jim korbeti korbetma mSobliuri indoeTi 1947 wels datova, im wels, rodesac qveyanam britaneTisgan damoukidebloba moipova korbeti afrikaSi, keniaSi, gadasaxlda oficialurad, indoeTidan wasvlis mizezi misi malariiT Seryeuli janmrTeloba iyo, Tavad Cveni moTxrobis gmirs arasodes uTqvams augi indoel xalxze, magram SesaZloa manac sxva ingliselebiviT ganicada Seviwroeba da usafrTxoebis mizniT mouwia axlad Seqmnili saxelmwifos datoveba SeiZleba misTvisac ar moinaxa axal indoeTSi adgili, romlis damoukideblobas mudam winaswarmetyvelebda da am gzaze indoelebs mudam usurvebda warmatebas afrikaSi dawera wignebi, romlebmac msoflio aRiareba moutana da romlebic sxva bevr enasTan erTad, qarTuladac iTargmna me didi imedi maqvs, rom am statiis wamkiTxvelebs misi wignebis gacnobac moundebaT da vici, es did sixaruls moutanT, TvalTaxedvas gaufarToebT moxucebulobaSi korbeti erTi istoriuli faqtis mowme gaxda: afrikas stumrobda britaneTis princesa elisabedi, romelmac ganTqmuli monadiris da mwerlis gacnoba moindoma. maTi Sexvedra gaimarTa egzotikur sastumroSi, romelic giganturi fikusis xis totebSi iyo aSenebuli 1952 wlis 5-6 Tebervlis Rame iyo ise moxda, rom im Rames inglisSi princesis mama, britaneTis mefe georg VI gardaicvala diliT jim korbetma sastumros STabeWdilebebis wignSi aseTi Canaweri datova:

„msoflios istoriaSi pirvelad moxda, rom axalgazrda gogona xeze princesad avida da ukan dedofali Camovida RmerTi hfaravdes!“ diax, is princesa yvelasaTvis cnobili elisabed II iyo jim korbeti ki, romelsac arasodes hyolia col-Svili, 1955 wlis 19 aprils gardaicvala keniis dedaqalaq nairobiSi, Tavis meeqvse da ukanaskneli wignis dasrulebidan ramdenime dReSi sastumro xeze