saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis qarTuli literaturis instituti goCa kuWuxiZe grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis erTi arabuli versia da qarTvelTa moqcevis sakiTxi 10.01.01 _ qarTuli literatura 10.01.06 _ maxlobeli aRmosavleTis qveynebis xalxTa literatura disertacia filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad samecniero xelmZRvanelebi: revaz baramiZe filol. mec. doqt. prof. Tina margvelaSvili filol. mec. kand. doc. Tbilisi 1999 1 oficialuri oponentebi: revaz siraZe filol. mec. doqt. prof. nestan sulava filol. mec. doqt. prof. nana furcelaZe filol. mec. doqt. prof. eqspertebi: nino maxaTaZe filol. mec. doqt. prof. rusudan gvaramia filol. mec. doqt. prof. 2 Sinaarsi Sesavali ................................................................................................................................... 5 Tavi pirveli arabuli versia da misi cnobebi qarTvelTa moqcevis Sesaxeb ............................................................................................................................................................ .23 Tavi meore `grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis~ Sedgenilobisa da arabul-berZnuli teqstebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxisaTvis ............................................................................................................................................................... 43 Tavi mesame qarTvelTa da alanTa (albanTa) mefeebis Sesaxeb arsebul cnobaTa genezisis sakiTxisaTvis arabulsa da berZnul versiebSi ...................................................................................................................................... 51 Tavi meoTxe ibirbzua (irenarxe), sofroni da Toma, _ maTi vinaobis sakiTxi.......................................................................................................................................... 85 3 Tavi mexuTe grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis teqstTa genealogiuri tabulisaTvis ............................................................................................................... 101 Tavi meeqvse qarTlis moqcevis TariRi grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis arabul-berZnuli versiebis fonze................................................... 106 Tavi meSvide qarTlisa da kavkasiis sxva qveyanaTa moqcevis istoria ganxiluli Zeglebis mixedviT................................................................. 134 daskvnebi ............................................................................................................................... 140 arabuli teqstis (sina ar #460) qarTuli Targmani................................................................................................................................142 4 S e s a v a l i grigor ganmanaTleblis ramdenimeenovanma somxuri, redaqciam ramdenime slavuri teqstebi... somxuridan cxovrebis Semogvinaxa. berZnuli da istoria SemorCenilia arabuli, siriuli, arsebobs ori qarTuli teqsti, erTi (grigolis cxovreba 1920), xolo erTi berZnulidan Targmnili (meliqseT-begi 1916). am ZeglebSi somexTa ganmanaTlebel cxovrebasTan erTad wmida grigor gadmocemulia parTelis qristeanobisaTvis devnili asulebis _ rifsime-gaianesa da maTi megobrebis martvilobis grigor ambavi. rogorc ganmanaTleblis viciT, cxovrebis tradicia wmida pirvelaRmwerad, avtorad agaTangeloss miiCnevs. amjerad Cveni interesis sagans warmoadgens wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis is arabuli versia, romelic ara mxolod lazikis, alanebisa somxeTis, da, maTTan aramed erTad, qarTlis, durZukebis moqcevasa da am qveynebSi episkoposebis dadgenas Seexeba. arabul teqstTan garitis mier erTad ganvixilavT gamoqveynebulsa da prof. Targmnil Jerar berZnul Zegls, romelic, aseve, qarTlisa da lazikis da, arabuli Zeglisagan gansxvavebiT, _ ara alanebis, aramed, _ albanebis moqcevas exeba. zogierT sxva wyarosTan erTad ZiriTadad swored zemoxsenebul arabul da Semdgom ki 5 berZnul versiebs Tanaxmadac, wmida qarTlis grigor daefuZna mosazreba, romlis moqcevaSi prioriteti ekuTvnis ganmanaTlebels da ara _ wmida nino kapadokiels; ZiriTadad swored arabuli da berZnuli versiebis safuZvelze miiCneven dRes Tanamedrove somxur istoriografiaSi, rom qarTlisa da albaneTis eklesiebi Tavdapirvelad kaTedras sakmaod grigor ganmanaTleblis eqvemdebareboda, Zlierad aqvs am mosazrebas somxur saeklesio sadReisod mecnierebaSi fexi mokidebuli (lorTqifaniZe 1988)... arabuli versia aRmoaCina akad. niko marma 1902 wels sinas mTis wmida ekaterines monastris wignTsacavSi1, manve gamoaqveyna teqsti da gamokvleva 1905 wels (mari 1905); berZnuli ,,cxovreba~ Seiswavla da gamoaqveyna prof. Jerar garitma (gariti 1946). berZnuli teqsti 1107 wels aris gadawerili (gariti 1946: 150); arabuli versiis SemorCenili teqsti akad. niko marma IX s-isaze adreulad ar miiCnia... misi azriT, versia wmida grigoris mier qarTvelTa mefeebis naTlobis Sesaxeb VII-VIII ss-Si Seiqmna (mari 1905: 182). niko maris mier moZiebul teqsts aklia dasawyisi. 1972 wels beiruTSi, aseve, sinas mTis wmida ekaterines monastris xelnawerebSi, ufro zustad ki, _ xelnawerTa mikrofilmebs Soris, prof. a. ter-Revondianma miakvlia 1 xelnaweris mikrofilmebi inaxeba giorgi wereTlis saxelobis aRmosavleTmcodneobis institutSi (Sina ar #460, xelnaweri@#112). 6 sxva arabul, sruli saxiT SemorCenil, teqsts (Sina #455). misi azriT, es teqsti da niko maris mier aRmoCenili Txzuleba erTi da igive redaqciaa. arabulma versiam gamoqveynebisTanave didi interesi da azrTa TiTqmis, sxvadasxvaoba ukritikod gamoiwvia. miiRo zogma arabuli mkvlevarma, Zeglis cnobebi, romlebic qarTvelTa moqcevas Seexeba, zogma ki imdenad tendenciurad miiCnia es nawarmoebi, rom misi Seswavla arc CaTvala saWirod da, albaT, swored amis gamoa, rom es nawarmoebi akad. niko marisa da misi Taobis mecnierTa Semdeg saqarTveloSi sakmao xans, am bolo dromde, specialuri Seswavlis sagani aRar gamxdara... arabul Sinaarsis versiaSi, rogorc gacnobisas vnaxavT, amas Semdeg grigor misi parTeli dasaxelebulia ara mxolod somexTa, aramed, _ qarTlis, lazTa da alanTa mefeebis momaqcevladac; am nawarmoebis Tanaxmad, somxeTisa da qarTvel-alanTa mefeebis monaTvlis Semdeg grigor parTels qarTlSi, lazikasa da alaniaSi saeklesio ierarqiebi gaugzavnia... akad. niko marma arabul versiaze dayrdnobiT qarTlis eklesiis dasawyisi somxeTTan daakavSira... mkvlevarma, cxadia, kargad icoda berZnul- laTinurenovani wyaroebi (gelasi kesarieli, rufinusi, Teodorite kvireli, sokrate, sozomene, gelasi kvizikeli), romlebic iberiis gaqristeanebas Seexeba da romlebSic qarTvelTa dasaxelebuli, cnobebis saWiro morigeba da, momaqcevlad iyo am qalia urTierTsawinaaRmdego ramdenadac 7 tyve arabul wyaroSi qarTli wmida warmodgenili, wmida grigorTan dakavSirebulad aris niko marma qarTlis eklesia uSualod grigoris daarsebulad ara, magram somxuri saeklesio wiaRidan aRmocenebulad miiCnia, xolo wmida nino dasavleT saqarTvelos momaqcevlad warmoadgina. amgvari Teoriis warmoSobas xeli iman Seuwyo, rom niko mari qarTlsa da iberias sxvadasxva cnebebad Tvlida, miaCnda, rom qarTvelTa moqcevis Sesaxeb arsebuli gelasi kesarieliseuli cnoba, romelic zemoxsenebul avtorebTan SemorCa, dasavleT saqarTvelos Seexeboda. niko mari Tvlida, rom sityvebi: ,,megreli~ da ,,egrisi~ momdinareobs egrisi eTnonimidan dasavleTi _ `hiber~ saqarTveloa, da, n. ramdenadac marma iberiac dasavleT saqarTvelod miiCnia. iberiaSi, misi varaudiT, cxovrobdnen TavianTi megrel-lazebi, romelTac VI-VII ss-mde enobrivi gankerZoeba hqondaT. maT, niko maris azriT, hyavdaT TavianTi momaqceveli, _ wmida nino. VII saukuneSi, n. maris TeoriiT, aRmosavleTis qarTvelebma TavianTi moZme megrel-lazebi Zalian Rrmad SeiTvises, enobrivad gardaqmnes isini kulturis moziare gaxades. da aRmosavlur-qarTuli samegrelos ganmanaTlebeli _ wmida nino aRmosavleTis qarTvelebs, n. maris azriT, SemdgomSi TavianT ganmanaTleblad miuCneviaT, iberia qarTlis sinonimad uqceviaT, xolo is, rom qarTlis eklesiis dasawyisi sruliad daviwyebiaT... Tanaxmad, iberebs somxeTTan iyo aRsaniSnavia, berZnul 8 dakavSirebuli rom, eklesiasTan n. maris hqoniaT urTierToba, xolo aRmosavleTis qarTvelebs _ asurulsomxurTan (mari 1905: 149-182). aseTi iyo akad. n. maris damokidebuleba xsenebuli sakiTxisadmi. aRsaniSnavia, rom niko maris mixedviT, grigor parTeli adreul periodSi somxeTis mxolod erTi Temis mqadageblad iyo cnobili da Semdeg gamoucxadebiaT igi qarTlis momaqcevlad (mari 1905: 57; _ sxvaTa Soris, uSualod zogjer wmida weren, grigoris (narkvevebi 1973: 75), rac rom n. marma moqceulad qarTli warmoadgina ar aris swori, _ man qarTlis eklesiis dasawyisi somxeTTan dakavSirebulad warmosaxa, magram, ramdenadac viciT, qveyana uSualod wmida arsad ar uTqvams, grigorma moaqcia. rom niko es mari miiCnevda, rom bizantiaSi grigoris popularoba mxolod patriarq fotis droidan iwyeba (mari 1905: 152-153)... 1912 wels prof. sargis kakabaZem gamoaqveyna naSromi: ,,wminda nino da misi mniSvneloba saqarTvelos istoriaSi~. mkvlevari werda: ,,Cven vxedavT, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis dasawyisi unda miekuTvnos wminda grigols _ somexTa ganmanaTlebels, rom TviT saukunemdis Tavis ganmanaTleblad qarTvelni IX aRiarebdnen wminda grigols. wminda ninos kulti ki Cndeba saqarTveloSi X saukunidan. amasTanave isic eWvs gareSea, rom wminda nino marTlac mosula iveriaSi da iq qristianoba gauvrcelebia~ (kakabaZe 1912: 6); Semdeg: ,,gamodis, rom qarTvelebs X saukunemdis araferi ninos Sesaxeb~ (kakabaZe 1912: 6). 9 scodniaT wminda prof. sargis kakabaZe Tavisi Teoriis dasabuTebas Semdegnairad cdilobda, _ misi azriT, axlandeli TrialeTi, TrialeTis gaswvriv javaxeTisa da borCalos CrdiloeTi nawilebi, somxeTis romlebic SemadgenlobaSi qarTvelebs yofila eWiraT, moqceuli. misi SexedulebiT, qarTli somxeTis samTavros vasali oyo, romelsac pitiaxSi marTavda. pitiaxSi curtavSi mjdara. qarTveli eri, mkvlevaris gancxadebiT, axalgazrda da patara eri yofila, samagierod, Zlieri. am Teoriis esazRvreboda _ sulierad mxne da mixedviT, iberiis qarTls Zlevamosili CrdiloeTiT samefo, romlis sataxtoc armazSi yofila. qarTlis CrdiloeTiT mdebare iberias, sargis kakabaZis azriT, wmida ninom qristeanoba, somxeTSi xolo qarTvelebs qristeanoba, sargis _ wmida kakabaZis uqadaga grigorma. gansazRvriT, siria-palestinis gziT Sesula. sainteresoa, Tu romel eTniur mkvlevari iberielebs. qarTvelebi maT xolo berZnebi herebs _ sargis jgufs miakuTvnebda kakabaZis uwodebdnen iberebs. varaudiT, (iber-hber-hver-her), iberielebi albanelTa monaTesaveni yofilan. albanelebi, Tavis mxriv, lekebis monaTesaveebad miaCnda mkvlevars. misi wamosulan, azriT, iberebi qarTvelebi Zveli TavianTi samosaxlodan teritoriidan gauyriaT da Tavad dauwyiaT cxovreba maT qveyanaSi. devnil iberebs, sargis kakabaZis Teoriis mixedviT, axlandeli kaxeTis teritoriisaTvis SeufarebiaT Tavi, magram X saukuneSi 10 kaxeTis mTavars, bolos ki daviT aRmaSenebels, mouRia maTTvis bolo (kakabaZe 1912: 8-12)... amrigad, prof. sargis kakabaZis azriT, qarTvelebi wmida grigors mounaTlavs, xolo wmida ninos kulti maT sruliad sxva xalxis _ iberebisagan SeuTvisebiaT.... qarTlsa da iberias sxvadasxva cnebebad miiCnevda akad. korneli kekeliZec. igi wers: ,,erTs sayuradRebo movlenas vamCnevT. qarTlis ganmanaTleblad erTsa da imave dros gamoyvanili arian grigor parTeli somexTa ganmanaTlebeli da nino. rogor SevaTanxmoT es ori cnoba: nino Tu grigoli? Semdeg mkvlevari dasZens: ,,Tu gvsurs gaverkveT sakiTxSi, unda gaviTvaliswinoT eTnografiuli da politikuri termini qarTli da swori warmodgena viqonioT mis Sesaxeb~ (kekeliZe 1952: 13). akad. korneli kekeliZes zemoxsenebul mecnierTagan odnav gansxvavebulad hqonda warmodgenili qarTlisa da iberiis eTniuri mdgomareoba. aRmosavleTis misi Semadgenloba azriT, sazRvari da politikuri eTnografiuli iyo berdujis qarTlis mdinare, dasavleTiT _ mtkvari, romelic qarTls xorZenesagan hyofda, mtkvari samxreTiT somxeTis taSiskaridan mTebi, berdujis CrdiloeTiT SesarTavamde. _ es teritoria, misi SexedulebiT, Cvens eramde IV-III ss-Si daukavebiaT qarTebs. qarTebis mosvlamde aq, mkvlevaris varaudiT, ucxovriaT svanebTan narev mesxebs, romlebsac qarTTa mosvlis Semdeg Crdilo kavkasiisaken gadauweviaT. qarTlis samefos centri yofila qarTli, romelsac Semdeg armazi uwodes. 11 mkvlevaris esazRvreboda varaudiT, Zlieri qarTebs saxelmwifo _ dasavleTidan iberia. qarTli iberiis morCili yofila. mkvlevaris azriT, Cvens eramde II saukuneSi qarTli somxebs daupyriaT. qarTli somxebis xelSi IV saukunis damdegamde darCenila. akad. korneli kekeliZe iberTa eTniur warmomavlobaze arafers ambobs, wers mxolod, rom TavianTi Tavdapirveli sacxovrisidan wamosul iberebs iberiaSi daxvedriaT ,,bunTurqebi~2 da ebraelebi... 349 wels qarTli iberias daupyria. korneli kekeliZis Tanaxmad, qarTvelebma iberebs misces TavianTi ena, mwerloba da iberia-hereTze TandaTan gavrcelebula saxelwodeba gugarqs, qarTlisa. 285-286ww-Si qristeanoba, 355-356 misi varaudiT, somxebTRan ww-Si ki qarTls, erTad iberiaSi anu miuRia wmida ninos daumyarebia axali sjuli. iberiis gaqristeanebaSi didi wvlili Seutania qarTls, romelsac 349 wlamde, e. i. iberiasTan qristeanuli SeerTebamde, istoria ukve eqneboda. ormocdaaTwliani aRsaniSnavia, rom mecnieris azriT, wmida nino `ar yofila arc berZeni da, miT umetes, arc somexi, aramed qarTveli~, mkvlevaris aRniSvniT: `is iyo qarTveli ara kapadokiidan, aramed gugarqeli... amiT aixsneba, rom es dedakaci, legendiT, CvenSi Semodis javaxeTidan da somxursac laparakobs: gugarqel qarTvelebs Tavis samSoblo enasTan somxuric ecodinebodaT, vinaidan am mxareSi maT mezoblad somxebic cxovrobdnen~ (kekeliZe 1952: 43). 2 _ `bunTurqebis~ sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ix. Cveni werili kuWuxiZe 1998 a... 12 akad. korneli kekeliZe Tvlida, rom nino saxeli ar aris _ iberTa warmarTuli panTeonis erT-erTi RmerTis saxelad _ gugarqidan aininad miaCnda. Semosuli tyve misi qali aRniSvniT, wmidanad iberebs miuCneviaT, amitom misTvis TavianTi warmarTuli RvTaebis _ aininas saxeli daurqmeviaT, _ ainina, anu _ nino. zemoxsenebuli kritikulad mecnierebis ganixila akad. Teoriebi ivane Zalzed javaxiSvilma da qarTul mecnierebaSi faqtiurad daukarga am Teoriebs sicocxlisunarianoba. akad. ivane javaxiSvils ar akmayofilebda akad. niko maris etimologia sityvisa _ `megreli~. sworic rom iyos es axsna, amiT mainc ver dadgindeba, iberia dasavleT saqarTvelos niSnavs Tu aRmosavleTso _ werda mkvlevari (javaxiSvili 1979: 243). iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavda, rom strabonidan moyolebuli yvela berZeni da romaeli avtori swored aRmosavleT saqarTvelos moixseniebs saxeliT _ iberia: `yvelas yovelTvis aRmosavleT araviTari I saukunidan saqarTvelos eWvi ar moyolebuli... saxelad SeiZleba hqonda arsebobdes, iberia miCneuli... rom berZen- romael mweralTa cnoba iberiis gaqristianebis Sesaxeb swored aRmosavleT saqarTvelos exeba~ _ werda iv. javaxiSvili (javaxiSvili 1979: 243, _ citataSi dayofa yvelgan Cvenia). hereT-iberia sargis kakabaZes da korneli kekeliZes mtkvris Crdilo mxareSi egulebodaT. ivane javaxiSvili aRniSnavda, rom hereTis geografiuli sazRvrebi droTa 13 ganmavlobaSi cvalebadi iyo. hereTi zogjer mTel kaxeTs ewodeboda, xSirad kaxeTi hereTsac Seicavda. iv. javaxiSvilma yuradReba miaqcia iakob xucesis ,,wmida SuSanikis wamebis~ im adgils, sadac hereTi qarTlis ukiduresi samxreTis Temad aris warmoCenili: ,,moiwia igi sazRvarTa qarTlisasa, adgilas queyanasa mas hereTisasa~, am naTlad Cans, rom hereTi qarTlis samxreT nawilSi yofila. irkveva, rom ivane javaxiSvili kakabaZes da saqarTvelos ukiduresi hereTi Crdilo-dasavleTis misi uqceviaT. maSasadame, werda: kekeliZes ,,amgvarad aRmosavleT samxreT-aRmosavleTis es nawilad maTi Temi da debulebac _ iberiad mcdaria~ (javaxiSvili 1979: 248). ivane javaxiSvili akritikebda sargis kakabaZisa da korneli kekeliZis mosazrebas, romlis mixedviTac, qarTli Zalian kulturuli da ganaTlebuli qveyana iyo, iberiaSi ki barbarosebi cxovrobdnen. am TeoriiT, qarTls Tavi maRali kulturis wyalobiT SeunarCunebia. qarTvelT SeuqmniaT anbani, mwerloba, Semdeg ki TavianTi kultura iberiaSic SeutaniaT. prof. sargis kakabaZis sityviT, iberebma ,,am politikurad uZluri, magram niWieri tomisagan enac da megobrobac SeiTvises~; akad. korneli kekeliZe ki werda: ,,qarTvelebma iberebs misces TavianTi ena, Tavisi damwerloba da Tavisi saxeli politikurado~. akad. iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavda, rom iberia arsad, aravis ar mouxseniebia barbarosul qveynad. mas daujereblad eCveneboda debuleba, romlis mixedviTac, 14 patara ers SeuZlia, Tavisi kulturis wyalobiT did ers daaviwyos sakuTari ena, erovneba da saxelic ki Tavisi uboZos. amis sailustraciod mkvlevars mohyavda romisa da saberZneTis magaliTi. marTalia, donisa iyo, berZnuli kultura gacilebiT maRali vidre dapyrobisda romaelebisa, miuxedavad~ _ magram werda iv. `saberZneTis javaxiSvili _ `romaelebs, rogorc cnobilia, arc TavianTi kultura daukargavT da SeuTvisebiaT, arc miT laTinuris umetes, magier arc berZnuli TavianTi ena TavisTvis berZnuli saxeli daurqmeviaT, piriqiT, rogorc viciT, swored berZnebma SeiTvises romaelebisagan TaviaanTTvis maTi erovnuli saxeli da bizantiis xanaSic ki, rogorc cnobilia, bizantiisa da bizantielebis aRsaniSnavad aseTsave saxels xmarobdnen (javaxiSvili 1979: 249). Semdeg akad. iv. javaxiSvili dasZens: `politikurad da teritoriuladac klasikuri mwerlobis `iberia~ mTel aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, anu maSindeli terminologiiT, qarTls qarTlis udrida. Temebad hereTi da gugareTi iTvlebodnen. (gujareTi?) rogorc klasikuri mwerlebs, iseve gelasi kesarielsa da rufinuss iberiis gaqristianebis ambavSi iberia saqarTvelod anu ,,yovel mTel aRmosavleT qarTlad~ aqvT nagulisxmevi~ (javaxiSvili 1979: 250). ivane javaxiSvilma rom qarTli sxvadasxva da iberia politikur sruliad erTeulebad, ar daasabuTa, iyo amis miCneuli Sesabamisad, versia ori mociqulis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb saeWvo gaxda. 15 prof. sargis kakabaZe, ZiriTadad, endoboda akad. niko maris mier napovni arabuli Zeglis cnobebs da qarTlSi wmida grigoris moRvaweobis damadasturebel erT-erT umTavres sabuTad maT miiCnevda. marTalia, akad. korneli xanebSi, kekeliZec rogorc qarTl-gugareTSi, aRniSnavda, somxeTSi, rom ise qristeanoba 290 mis ukve wlis axlo farglebSi myof oficialurad iyo miRebuli, magram aRsaniSnavia, rom wmida grigori `erT patara, umniSvnelo, provincialur misionerad~ miaCnda. k. kekeliZis TqmiT, meoTxe saukuneSi qarTlSi, gugareTsa da somxeTSi ramdenime misioneri moRvaweobda da bolos isini grigoris pirovnebaSi aisaxnen (kekeliZe 1952: 39). amasTan dakavSirebiT, iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavda, rom, Tu ki grigol ganmanaTlebels TviT mTeli somxeTis gaqristeanebasTanac ki ar iyo dakavSirebuli, mas `qarTl-gugarqis gaqristianebasTanac, rasakvirvelia, ar eqneboda kavSiri~ javaxiSvili (javaxiSvili dasZenda: 1979: ,,srulebiT 251). mcdaria Semdeg iv. debuleba, viTomc grigolis Sesaxeb Tqmuleba iberiaSi gugarqel qarTvelebs SeetanoT~ (javaxiSvili 1979: 251). ivane javaxiSvili aRniSnavda, rom arc IV da arc V saukunisTvis araviTari cnoba ar arsebobs imisi damadasturebeli, TiTqos wmida grigori am periodSi qarTlis ganmanaTleblad miiCneoda. V saukunis meore naxevramde ar arsebobs cnoba wmida grigoris TviT mTel somxeTSi moRvaweobis Sesaxebac: `V saukunis meore naxevarSi grigoli mTeli somxeTis ganmanaTlebladac ki ar iyo miCneuli da maSin jer kidev mis garda sxva 16 mqadagebelTa Sesaxeb am cnobac maSasadame, rom drosac qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblobis moipoveboda. SeuZlebelia Teoria cxadia, grigolis arsebuliyo~ _ werda iv. javaxiSvili da aRniSnavda, rom cnoba wmida grigoris saqarTveloSi moRvaweobis Taobaze mxolod VII saukuneSi kirion da abraam kaTolikosebis mimoweraSi Cndeba (javaxiSvili 1979: 251). igi yuradRebas amaxvilebda im faqtze, rom cxovrebis~ ,,moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~, Satberdul-WeliSuri ,,wmida redaqciebi, ninos wmida grigoris Sesaxeb arafers gvamcnobs (javaxiSvili 1977: 104). iv. javaxiSvils xorenacis wmida tendenciurad `somxeTis istoria~, grigoris miaCnda romelSic mowafed aris movses wmida nino warmodgenili. tendenciurad miaCnda igi frang mecniers karerersac. igi miiCnevda, rom qarTvelTa xorenacim moqcevas Tavisi Seexeba, moTxroba, sokrates romelic saeklesio istoriis somxuri Targmanidan aiRo, romelic TviTonac tendenciuri iyo. karereri azriT, mTargmneli romeliRac qarTuli wyaroTi sargeblobda (javaxiSvili 1979: 224). arabuli Teoriebis Semdeg versiis akad. iv. aRmoCenis Semdeg javaxiSvilis warmoSobili mier gakritikebis qarTul mecnierebaSi versias qarTl-iberiaSi somxeTis gamoecala saeklesio da zegavlenis CvenSi arabuli Sesaxeb Zegli safuZveli sakmao xans specialuri Seswavlis sagani aRar gamxdara. arabuli versiisadmi interesi gaRvivda mas Semdeg, rac prof. Jerar garitma 17 zemoxsenebuli berZnuli teqsti gamosca (gariti 1946). am Zeglis nawili SemdgomSi qarTulad Targmna akad. simon yauxCiSvilma (georgika 1961: 73). arabuli aRvniSneT, nawarmoebi akad. berZnulidan niko marma, Targmnilad rogorc miiCnia. amaze yvelaze ukeT im faqtma mianiSna, rom arabul teqstSi sxvadasxva brunvaSi myof berZnul saxelTa daboloebani xSirad formaucvlelad, _ pirdapir aris gadatanili. Jerar garitma erTmaneTis paralelurad dabeWda berZnuli teqsti da niko maris mier gamocemuli arabuli Zeglis laTinuri Targmani (gariti 1946: 23-116), Seadara erTmaneTs es teqstebi, ramac cxadi gaxada am ori Zeglis Zalian didi arabuli siaxlove. Zeglis berZnuli man erTi gamoTqva nawili `cxovrebis~ varaudi, espaneTSi Targmania rom moZiebuli (gariti 1946: 317), laparakia im adgilze, sadac somexTa moqcevis ambavia moTxrobili; arabuli ,,cxovrebis~ meore nawili ki mkvlevarma e.w. oqriduli ,,cxovrebis~ Targmanad miiCnia (gariti 1946: 241-242). Semdgom periodebSi arabul da berZnul versiebze ufro meti interesi ZiriTadad somxur istoriografiaSi igrZnoboda... prof. ganmanaTleblis malaqia cxovrebis ormaniani arabuli grigor versiis araerT cnobas, romlebic wmida grigoris mier sxva qveyanaTa moqcevas Seexeba, Rebulobda, _ maT miiCnevda, simarTleSi rom wmida daueWveblad grigorma 400-mde saepiskoposo daaarsa somxeTsa da mis mezobel qveynebSi, rom man, somxebis garda, qarTvelebi 18 da albanelebi moaqcia da maT mTavari saeklesio ierarqebi daudgina (ormaniani 1938: 21); malaqia ormanianis Sexedulebebi faqtiurad gabatonda somxur istoriografiaSi, _ Zlierad aris fexmokidebuli Tanaxmad, ,,grigol Sexeduleba, ganmanaTlebelma dRes romlis somxebTan erTad aRmosavleT saqarTveloSic iqadaga qristianoba da orive eri axal sarwmunoebaze moaqcia, xolo qarTul-somxuralbanur saeklesio erTobas saTaveSi somxuri eklesia Caudga~ (lorTqifaniZe 1988); dRes am mosazrebas mxars uWeren: karen iuzbaSiani, a. akopiani, viada aruTinovafidaniani, paruir muradiani (lorTqifaniZe 1988)... somxur istoriografiaSi qveyndeba amgvari somxur Tu mosazrebebi sxva enebze... Zalian xSirad ZiriTadi arsi umetesobisa is aris, rom, TiTqmis, yvela maTgani grigors miiCnevs qarTvelTa msoflioSi pirvel mociqulad da qristeanul somxeTs saxelmwifod Tvlis (aris gansxvavebuli mosazrebebic, romelTa Tanaxmad, somxeTis moqcevis TariRad 314-315 ww-ia miCneuli... am sakiTxebze ix. garsoiani 1971: 88; somexi xalxis istoria 1980: 209 da sxva); erT-erTi ZiriTadi sayrdeni amgvari msjelobebisa aris Cvengan gansaxilveli arabuli da, aseve, berZnuli Zeglebi... vnaxavT, qvemoT ra gavecnobiT daskvnebis am Zeglebis gamotanis cnobebs saSualebas da iZleva isini... interesi arabuli da aseve berZnuli versiis mimarT am bolo periodSi Tanamedrove qarTul mecnierebaSic gaZlierda. arabuli versiis istoriul cnobaTa Sesaxeb saintereso msjeloba SemogvTavaza 19 mkvlevarma marina CxartiSvilma (CxartiSvili miaqcia sakiTxs, im warmodgenili Txzuleba rom qarTlSi qarTlSi 1987: wmida moRvawe sxva 50-53). man yuradReba grigori ar misionerad misioneris da aris es moRvaweobaze migvaniSnebs (mkvlevaris am dakvirvebaze Cven qvemoTac gveqneba saubari). marina CxartiSvilis SexedulebiT, arabuli Txzuleba wmida grigors qarTlis mociqulad ar acxadebs da, amdenad, igi prof. paruir muradianis Sexedulebebisagan absoluturad gansxvavebul mosazrebebs icavs. wmida grigoris arabul, berZnul da sxva versiebTan dakavSirebiT saintereso naSromebi gamoaqveyna mkvlevarma nino afciaurma (afciauri 1987; afciauri 1989). man kompleqsurad Seiswavla wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebaTa ciklebi, avtori ganixilavs g. vinkleris mier wmida grigoris cxovrebaTa oTx jgufad dayofis faqts da `cxovrebaTa~ ciklebs TviTon or jgufad hyofs (afciauri 1987: 18). nino afciaurma warmoadgina am ciklebis genealogiuri tabula (afciauri 1987: 40), gamoTqva varaudi, rom arabuli ,,cxovrebis~ erTi nawili Targmnili unda cxovrebis~ somxuri iyos ,,grigor teqstidan ganmanaTleblis (afciauri 1987: 23). mkvlevarma imsjela wmida grigoris mier kavkasiis sxva qveynebSi gagzavnili saeklesio pirebis, episkoposebis Sesaxeb. misi aRniSvniT, wmida grigorma mxolod somxeTSi gagzavna saeklesio pirebi, magram, radgan zogierTi is teritoria, romlebic wmida grigoris dros somxeTis SemadgenlobaSi iyo (gugarqi, atiqi...), Semdgom periodSi 20 qarTlisa da albaneTis SemadgenlobaSi moeqca, arabulbernuli versiebis mflobelobaSi avtorebTan myofi es adre teritoriebi somxeTis qarTlad da albaneTad iqna moxseniebuli (afciauri 1989: 16)... `grigor Sesaswavlad mkvlevarma 1985...). ganmanaTleblis Zalzed latavra man mniSvnelovani RvalaZem Seiswavla cxovrebaTa~ cxovrebaTa~ samuSao (RvalaZe ,,grigor teqstebis 1977; ciklebis Seasrula RvalaZe ganmanaTleblis istoria da maTi urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi, erTmaneTs Seadara akad. niko maris mier aRmoCenili da sxva arabuli teqsti (Sina 399), ramac `gamoavlina cxadyo, rom maT isini ori Soris didi gansxvavebebi damoukidebeli redaqciaa da da Sesabamisad maTi berZnuli dedanic sxvadasxvaa~ (RvalaZe 1985: 104). mkvlevarma yuradReba miaqcia im faqts, rom prof. garitis mier gamocemul berZnul teqstSi ,,zogi iseTi cnobaa daculi, romelic ara Tu n. maris mier gamocemul teqstSi ar aris, aramed ucnobia ,,grigol ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis~ sxva enaze arsebul versiaTaTvis~ (RvalaZe 1985: 103). mkvlevari sxvadasxva versiis `grigol urTierTSedarebis ganmanaTleblis safuZvelze askvnis, cxovrebas~ rom droTa ganmavlobaSi cvlileba ganucdia, vidre Camoyalibdeboda im nacionaluri redaqciis saxiT, romelic amJamad gvaqvs somxurSi. grigoli, Tavdapirvelad erTi somxuri Temis mqadagebeli, iqca jer mTeli somxeTis, xolo Semdgom kavkasiis ganmanaTleblad~ (RvalaZe 1985: 105). mkvlevari iziarebs akad. korneli kekeliZis mosazrebas, rom wmida 21 grigoris cxovrebis somxuri versia safuZvlad daedo berZnul da siriul ,,cxovrebebs~, rac Semdeg sxva Targmanebis safuZveli gaxda (kekeliZe 1957: 71; _ RvalaZe 1985: 105). mkvlevarma mimoixila wmida grigoris cxovrebis XVIII-XIX ss-is xelnawerebic (RvalaZe 1977). grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis CvenTvis saintereso arabuli da aseve berZnuli versiis, saerTod im krebulebis grigoris amjerad Sesaxeb, cxovreba, Cvens sxva umTavres sadac moTavsebulia araerT avtorsac interess wmida usaubria... imsaxurebs TviTon Zeglebi, romlebic Seicavs metad sayuradRebo cnobebs kavkasiis qveynebis moqcevasTan dakavSirebiT. 22 Tavi pirveli arabuli versia da misi cnobebi qarTvelTa moqcevis Sesaxeb wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis arabuli versia, rogorc aRvniSneT, sinas mTaze, wmida ekaterines monastris wignTsacavSi krebulSi, aRmoCnda. romelSic moTavsebulia umetesad hagiografiuli nawarmoebebia Setanili (wmida Tebrones wameba, klimentiosis cxovreba, wmida qsenofontes wmida cxovreba, iovane oqropiris sityva wmida susanasadmi miZRvnili da sxva); dawerilia danomrilia romelic pergamentze, kopturi furclebi mTavari paginacia, cifrebiT, aerTianebs xelnawerebze calkeuli krebuls, qarTuli paginaciis qarTulia (arabul araerTi SemTxveva arsebobs. am sakiTxze aRniSnuli aqvT iv. javaxiSvils n. mars, Jerar garits, i. megreliZes (mari 1940: 1-2; mari 1905: 33; megreliZe 1953: 36-42...) Tanamedrove avtorTagan _ rusudan gvaramias (gvaramia 1961: 47; gvaramia 1961: 028 da 068), latavra RvalaZes (babilas wameba 1992: 76), nani waqaZes (waqaZe ,,qristianul 1983: arabul 17) da sxvebs...) samwerlobo dawerilia enaze~ (am e. w. `enis~ TaviseburebaTa Sesaxeb ix. folersi 1906: 82; kraCkovski 1955: 119; kraCkovski 1956: 345; gvaramia 1965: 54-55...), rac, rogorc miCneulia, warmoadgens 23 Sualedur safexurs klasikur da Tanamedrove arabul dialeqtebs Soris; gamoyenebulia am ,,enisaTvis~ damaxasiaTebeli sityvaTa xalxuri, e.w. vulgaruli formebi... teqsts aklia dasawyisi (krebulis ufro sruli aRwerilobis Sesaxeb ix. mari 1905: 83)... arabuli Jerar Zeglis garitis mier monacemebTan erTad Cven gamocemuli berZnuli prof. teqstis cnobebsac gavecnobiT.... prof. Jerar garitis mier Seswavlili berZnuli teqsti wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebisa, moTavsebulia krebulSi, romelSic cameti nawarmoebia Setanili _ wmidaTa cxovrebani da wamebani, homiliebi, apokalifsisi... wmida grigoris cxovreba apokalifsis Semdeg, meTerTmete adgilas, 241-262 gverdebs Soris aris moTavsebuli (gariti 1946: 151), daTariRebulia, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, 1107 wliT (gariti 1946: 150)... mokled Sinaarss gavecnoT wmida gadmocemisas cnobebze, arabul grigoris umTavres ZeglSi gadmocemul cxovrebisa. yuradRebas romlebic qarTlis, Sinaarsis gavamaxvilebT lazikis, im alanebisa da, maTTan erTad, durZukebis moqcevas Seexeba. nawarmoebis Sinaarsis gacilebiT gacnoba qvemoT gagviadvilebs. am cnobebze Sinaarsis msjelobas gadmocemisas viTvaliswinebT beiruTSi aRmoCenil teqstsac, romelic, rogorc aRvniSneT, specialistTa mier akad. niko maris aRmoCenili redaqciis identurobadaa miCneuli. berZnuli Zeglis monacemebs, romlebic 24 Zalian axloa arabuli nawarmoebebis cnobebTan, arabuli Zeglis cnobebTan erTad gavecnobiT. arabul `cxovrebaSi~ Txroba iwyeba imiT, rom somexTa mefe Trdatma Seityo Tavis qveyanaSi mcxovrebi im kacis Sesaxeb, romelic kerpebs uaryofda da qristes eTayvaneboda. es iyo grigori (grigoli). Trdats misi Sepyroba ubrZanebia. sanam mefe Trdati grigors qristeze uaris Tqmas mosTxovda, diokletianesagan Trdati, omSi mamaci dasxmareblad, anahitis mas daxmarebis meomari, gaumarjvia. taZarSi romis imperator Txovna mosvlia. wasula diokletianes samSobloSi dabrunebuls msxverpli Seuwiravs, Semdeg ki grigoris miyvana ubrZanebia... berZnuli Txzuleba omSi Trdatis monawileobisa da gamarjvebis, Sesaxeb anahitis taZarSi ambobs, Txroba arafers gadmocemiT, rom Trdatis qristeanTa devna. ganmanmanaTleblis dialogs iwyeba im ambis mefobisas somxeTSi daiwyo Semdeg ki dialogia berZnuli msxverplSewirvis Trdatisa da gadmocemuli, xelnaweri grigor oRond arabulTan am SedarebiT Zalian mokled gadmogvcems... dialogi Trdatis kamaTis mier saxiT grigoris warmarTulia, wameba erTvoda. rasac grigor ganmanaTlebeli Trdats bibliuri citatebiT ekamaTeba, eubneba, rom sixarulia. misTvis Trdati mefisgan miyenebuli dascinis satanjveli grigors, tanjavs sxvadasxvagvari satanjveliT: eqvsi dRis ganmavlobaSi iZulebuls xdis, rom Tavze 25 ferfliT savse tomaraCamocmulma narebs Soris hkidebs, ferfliani awvens, gamdnari sami tyviiT haeri dRis savse isunTqos, manZilze ormoSi rkinis Tavdayira svams... wmida grigori uZlebs satanjvels. maSin ganrisxebuli Trdati sabolood imetebs grigors da brZanebs, rom jaWviT Sekran igi da qvewarmavlebiT savse ormoSi Caagdon... Trdati qristeanTa winaaRmdeg simkacres iwyebs... amis Semdeg Txroba wmida grigoris Sesaxeb wydeba da iwyeba ambavi rifsimeanTa Sesaxeb. ZeglSi moTxrobilia, Tu rogor gadawyvita romis imperatorma diokletianem colis SerTva. mas mxatvrebisaTvis ubrZanebia, rom mTel qveyanaSi etrialaT da lamaz qalTa suraTebi daexataT. mxatvrebi romis erT-erT monasterSic misulan, sadac qalwulebi cxovrobdnen. qalwulebs Soris yofila erTi ulamazesi asuli, saxelad _ rifsime. mxatvrebs dauxatavT igi, suraTi mefisTvis uCvenebiaT da mefes misi colad SerTva gadauwyvetia. asulebs dadebuli. qalwulobis SeSinebulebi Senaxvis TavianT aRTqma iRumenia hqoniaT gaianesTan erTad romidan gaqceulan da somxeTSi Casulan, magram somxeTSi Trdats mefe Seutyvia rifsimesa da misi megobrebis Sesaxeb da axla mas mousurvebia rifsimes colad SerTva, miT umetes, rom amisi nebarTva, Tu teqstebs davujerebT, TviT usjulo imperators miucia Tavisi weriliT: _ ipove gamoqceulebi da Tu rifsime mogewonos, SenTvis daitoveo. 26 SeSinebuli qalwulebi locvas locvaze aRavlenen. arabuli nawarmoebis am adgilas Zalian Zlieri eqspresiiTa da ostatobiTaa gadmocemuli umanko asulTa locvebi: `Sen, o, ufalo, dagixsnia noe warRvnisagan, Cvenc dagvixseni maTgan, visac ara aqvT sjuli, am warRvnisagan, romelic zed mogvZalebia; Sen kidobanSi dagifaravs cxovelebi, _ velurnic da Sinaurebic, frinvelebi da qvemZromebi, _ maS ufro metad, ufro metad daifare xateba Seni, _ is, vinc Tayvans gcems, vinc gmorCilebs umankoebiT~... Trdats rifsimesaTvis sasaxleSi misvla uTxovia. roca uari miuRia, ZaliT wauyvania da qorwilis dRec dauniSnavs. rifsime locvasa da vedrebaSi iyo, SesTxovda RmerTs gadarCenas. mefe miaxlebia rifsimes, raTa pativi aexada misTvis, suliwmidiT, ar magram rifsime danebebia ganmavlobaSi ebrZoda darRvevinebis saSualeba. mefes, da ar arabuli gaZlierebula Svidi miucia saaTis aRTqmis nawarmoebi ase gvamcnobs: `is, vinc omebSi iyo gmiri, visac xalxebi erTianad wamousxia, daumonebia, visac lomi, anda daTvi xeliT dauglejia, Sen xedav, igi ymawvilma qalma viT daamarcxa qristes ZaliT. da wamovida mefe misgan damarcxebuli~... amis Semdeg mefes daxmareba iRumenia gaianesaTvis uTxovia. gaiane ki piriqiT, _ rifsimes mouwodebda, ar danebeboda Trdats, ris gamoc jariskacebs pirze qvebi daukravT misTvis. 27 ASemdeg Trdatsa gagrZelebula gvamcnobs: da brZola. ,,netarma rifsimes rogorc rifsimem iwyo Soris arabuli brZola, isev teqsti [ibrZoda] saRamos aTi saaTidan mwuxris sam saaTamdis. [asulma mefes] tansacmeli Semoaxia, suliwmidiT daamarcxa igi da mkvdariviT dasca sawolis kuTxeSi. darbazis karebi gaaRo, jariskacTa winaSe gamoiara da swrafad wavida qalaqisaken. misi daWera vervin gabeda~... rifsime Tavis megobrebTan misula venaxSi, yurZnis sawnexeloSi, sadac cxovrobdnen isini. mefis xelqveiTebi male ukan miyolian rifsimes da da locvad dayudebuli asuli mefisadmi daumorCileblobis gamo wamebiT mouklavT. dauxocavT masTan erTad myofi sxva asulebic. meore gadmosula moTqmas. dRes mefes taxtidan, Semdeg ki rifsimes Zirs sikvdili damxobila risxvisgan da Seutyvia. mohyolia gondakarguls gaianes mokvla ubrZanebia. rifsimesa da misi ocdacameti megobris mowameoba aRsrulebula arabuli versiiT, _ 26 oqtombers, xolo berZnuli versiis Tanaxmad, _ 26 seqtembers. ori dRis Semdeg mouklavT iRumenia gaiane. Trdati, Turme, Zalian ganicdida momxdars. eqvs dRes tiroda. eqvsi dRis Semdeg xelqveiTebs mouTxoviaT misgan, ekmara glova da sanadirod wasuliyo. mefe asec moqceula, magram TrdatisaTvis, masSi nadirobas Sesula veraferi avi suli, uSvelia gadmougdia unagiridan da Tavisi codvebisagan damZimebuli Trdati mxecs damsgavsebia, _ taxis msgavsi, misi saxisa gamxdara 28 da tyeSi mxecebTan sasaxleSi amgvari misi ram gavardnila. wayvana, marto magram mefes mxleblebs verafers ki ara, _ ucdiaT gamxdaran. mis mraval xelqveiTsac damarTnia. ase gasula sami dRe. Trdats, Turme, xosrovaduxti. cecxliviT mas erTi daÁ hyavda, saxelad naTelxilva hqonia, _ mbrwyinavi kaci, romelsac _ uxilavs uTqvams: _ Tu gindaT, satkivrisagan gaTavisufldeT, gagzavneT xalxi artaSatSi, naxeT iq wmida grigori, romelic ormoSia Cagdebuli, is gamcnoT wamalso. xosrovaduxtisaTvis aravis mousmenia, radgan ormoSi grigoris Cagdebidan ukve TxuTmeti weli iyo gasuli da aRaravis sjeroda misi sicocxlisa, magram mefis das xilva kidev xuTjer hqonia. maSin gaugzavniaT kaci artaSatSi da grigori marTlac cocxali daxvedriaT. mas Turme erTi qali awvdida sazrdos. grigori asulebis wauyvaniaT dasakrZalavad mefisaken. misula. igi ulocia, pirvelad xalxisTvis qristeanoba uqadagia, Semdeg ki samarxebis gamzadebas Sesdgomia. grigors xalxs ulocia misTvis da codvaTa Trdats Sendoba adamianuri uTxovia. goneba dabrunebia, oRond jer kidev damunjebuli yofila da jerac grigors taxis da, gamometyveleba rogorc Cans, hqonia. igi Jestebis miaxloebia saSualebiT Sevedrebia, eloca mis xelTa da ferxTa gamo, raTa SesZleboda mSeneblobaSi asulebis dakrZalvasa monawileobis miReba. da wmida eklesiebis grigors ulocia da Trdats xelebi da fexebi isev adamianuri 29 gaxdomia da myisve metyvelebis unaric dabrunebia: _ `ras mibrZaneb?~, _ grigors misTvis asulTa dakrZalvaSi monawileobis miReba ubrZanebia. dauwyiaT asulTa dakrZalva da eklesiebis Seneba. Trdats mTaSi didi lodebi mouWria da Tavisi xeliT Camoutania eklesiaTa asaSeneblad. mefes am dros sruli adamianuri saxe grigors da jerac ar hqonia dabrunebuli. maSin sxvebs, yvelas, dauCoqiaT, ulociaT TrdatisaTvis da Trdats dabrunebia sruli adamianuri saxe. yvela hmadlobda, Turme, RmerTs. amis Semdeg wasulan qalaq vaRarSapatSi. ukve gadawyvetili hqoniaT WeSmariti RmerTisTvis samsaxuri. arabul-berZnul versiaTa am adgilas pirvelad xdeba qarTvelTa xseneba. mogvyavs arabuli teqstis CvenTvis saintereso adgilis Targmani: ,,mefe Trdatma, roca miaRwia qalaq valarsapats, brZana, rom gamocxadebuliyvnen Tavisi samefos mwerlebi da uTxra maT, mieweraT werilebi Tavisi saxelmwifos mravali mcxovrebisTvis, mTavrebi, gamgeblebi, mmarTvelebi mefesTan raTa gamocxadebuliyvnen winamZRolebi, qalaq 3 valarsapatSi. meTaurebi, werilebi3 akad. niko mars teqstis am adgilas sityvebis _ ‫`( ال م ك ج ج‬qarTlis mefesTan~) win Caumatebia sityvebi _ ‫`( الي م ك ابح‬afxazebis mefesTan da~) (mari 1905: 89). SemdgomSi, arabuli teqstis laTinurad Targmnisas, n. mariseuli Camateba Jerar garitTanac gameorda (gariti 1946: 71). xelnawerSi ar dasturdeba sityvebi _ ‫`( الي م ك ابح‬afxazebis mefesTan da)~. aRsaniSnavia kidev erTi garemoeba: _ arabuli xelnaweris avtors sityva ‫م ك‬ 30 qarTlis mefesTan da werili alanTa mefesTan. auxsna werilebSi yovelive, rac Tavs gardaxdaT da uTxra: `amitom saswrafod unda CamoxvideT CemTan~. roca Cavida werilebi, mivida masTan sami mefe: mefe afxazTa, mefe qarTlisa, mefe alanTa, maTTan erTad jgufi mTavrebisa~. berZnul teqstSi dakavSirebiT, aseve ar werilebis aris naxsenebi gagzavnasTan afxazTa mefe (gariti 1946: 70-73), Semdeg naTqvamia, rom es mefe (berZnul xelnawerSi igi lazTa mefis saxeliT aris moxseniebuli) danarCen or mefesTan da somxeTis Teqvsmet naxararTan erTad eaxla Trdats vaRarSapatSi. Trdatma yovelive uambo, rac Tavs gardaxdaT, acnoba msmenelT, rom ganudga kerpebs da iwama WeSmariti RmerTi arabuli da RmerTisaken nawarmoebis moqceva mixedviT: maTganac ,,maSin moiTxova. mTavarni da somexTa krebulni [aRivsnen] SiSiT da amasTan sixaruliT da maSinve SesZaxes: `Cven WeSmaritad msmenelni varT grigoriusis, vendobiT mis sarwmunoebas da SeviswavliT sityvas misas, SevismenT, davmorCildebiT, viqmT, rasac wmidani gvibrZanebs, Tayvaniscemas~ _ da wmida yovelives ganveSorebiT kerpTa grigori Sesdgomia maT ganswavlas. grigors msmenelTagan kerpTa taZrebis dangreva mouTxovia; arabuli teqstiT: `mefe Tirdati upirvelesad (mefe) or adgilas teqstSi Semdeg aqvs Camatebuli, isini Tavze aweria sityvebs ‫`( ال ج ج‬qarTlSi~) da ‫ال الياين‬ (`alanebTan~); rom ara es Camateba, maSin winadadeba ase gadaiTargmneboda: _ `werilebi qarTlSi, werili alanebTan~. 31 im taZris dangrevas Seudga, romelic qalaq artaSatSi aaSenes. aiRo oqro, vercxli, Zvirfaseuloba, saRvTismsaxuro imdeni WurWeli, rom ra aRwers~; Semdeg wasulan qalaq k-sat-n-Si4 da daungreviaT iq artemides taZari; misulan TavianT qurumTan apolonis taZarSic, saidanac auRiaT Zvirfaseuloba, rac eklesiaTa Sesamkobad SeunaxavT... berZnul nawarmoebSi qalaq k-sat-n-is Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami. am versiis Tanaxmad, artemides taZari artaSatSi daungreviaT. amis Semdeg aRwerilia, Tu rogor gamoilaSqres eSmakebma, iaraRi SeiaraRebulebma ukve SubebiT, daClungebuli isrebiT, hqoniaT. ketebiT... wmida grigors gamousaxavs jvari, Semdeg auRia grZeli Subi da ase SeWrila eSmakTa laSqris SuagulSi. eSmakebs dauwyiaT tansacmlis Semogleja da Zaxili: ,,vai Cvens Tavsa qristesgan, romelmac yoveli adgilidan gagvdevna. igi adamianis Svilis, qalwuli mariamisagan iSva. axla aqedan im adamianis gamo videvnebiT, datyvevebuli iyo. [vinc] Sekruli da WaSi mravalnairi satanjveli vawvnieT, magram veraferi gvargo. axla kavkasiis mTebSi wavideT, vicxovroT [mis] Sida mxareSi~. wmida grigorma da Trdatma daangries es taZrebi. mefem mogvebs qristesTvis Tayvaniscema, qristeanul sarwmunoebaze moqceva ubrZana; saRvTismsaxuro WurWeli, _ 4 ‫( قس طن‬q-sāṭ-n), 32 nawili brZana, rom RaribTaTvis daerigebinaT, gadaecaT... xolo amis nawili Semdeg samefo arabul xazinisTvis nawarmoebSi naTqvamia: `aseve moiqcnen, agreTve, lazebis, qarTlisa da alanebis miwaze da Seiqmna yoveli mefe erTi azrisa, rom gaxdeboda Tavmdebi Cveni uflis _ qristes sarwmunoebis [dacvisa] da gandgeboda kerpTa Tayvaniscemisagan~... rogorc vxedavT, aq Semonaxuli kavkasiis sakmaod sayuradRebo cnobebia qveynebSi momxdari movlenebis Sesaxeb. berZnul teqstSi kerpTa ngrevasTan dakavSirebiT arc iber-lazebi, arc albanelebi da, miT umetes, arc alanebi ar arian naxsenebi. amis Semdeg angrevdnen sakerpo qristeanuli arabuli naTqvamia, taZrebs, eklesiebis teqstis rom rom asaSenebel mixedviT: sxva `da mxareebSic wmida grigori adgilebs arCevda. wmida grigoriusi ubrZanebda maT, vgulisxmob mefeebs da yvela mmarTvels, rom eklesiebi eSenebinaT sakurTxevlebis gareSe, imitom, rom maT jer ar hyavdaT samRvdeloeba. ubrZanebda, rom aRemarTaT jvrebi raTa gaeyaraT vxedavT, bazrebSi, gzebze, yovel adgilas, eSmakebi im adgilebidan~... rogorc wmida grigori dangreuli kerpebis adgilas, samRvdeloebis mosvlamde, jvrebs agebda. mas igive urCevia sami mefisaTvisac. rogorc Cans, es iyo xis da agreTve qvis jvrebi, e. w. _ qvajvrebi, romlebsac qristeanobis adreul etapze agebdnen xolme... cxadia, teqstis am adgilas ,,usakurTxevlo eklesiebSi~, aseve, jvrebi igulisxmeba, oRond _ iseTi jvrebi, romlebic sxvaTagan gansxvavebiT, SenobebiT iyo 33 dafaruli, kedlebiTa da samRvdeloebis mosvlamde samRvdeloebis mosvlis saxuravebiT xalxs Semdeg iyo daculi. aq SeeZlo locva, ki jvris adgils sakurTxeveli ikavebda, jvari ki Senobis sxva adgilas gadahqondaT xolme da amgvar Senobas ukve Cveulebrivi, sakurTxevliani eklesia ewodeboda... rogorc vxedavT, wmida grigori jvrebs somxeTis mraval adgilas agebda da, nawarmoebis mixedviT, imaves qarTvelTaTaganc mouTxovia. Cans, rom gakeTeba aq SenobebiT Semofargluli jvrebis agebazea laparaki... Semdeg moTxrobilia, warmarTul taZrebs Tu rogor angrevdnen sxva adgilebSi da rogor agebdnen qristes niSebs... roca warmarTul taZarTa ngreva ZiriTadad daamTavres, gadauwyvetiaT, wmida grigorisTvis xalxis damwyemsva eTxovaT, _ eTxovaT, rom mieRo samRvdelo xeldasxma da gamxdariyo maTi mRvdelmTavari. grigors pirvelad uari uTqvams, _ uRirsad miuCnevia Tavi, magram male mas da Trdat mefes gamocxadeba hqoniaT, _ uxilavT angelosi _ moelvare cecxlis msgavsi, romelsac, aseve, wmida grigoris daTanxmebula. arqiepiskopos mwyemsoba igi ubrZanebia da gamgzavrebula leontisTan, grigoric kesariaSi, gamgzavrebula didZali amaliT, arabuli versiis Tanaxmad, 3000 mxedarTan erTad, xolo berZnuli versiiT, 30 000 cxenosani xlebia mas. wmida grigorTan erTad zemoxsenebuli yofila. 34 16 erisTavic netari leonti didi sixaruliT aRvsebula. mas, arabuli versiiT, kapadokiisa da pontos, xolo berZnuli versiiT, mxolod pontos arqiepiskoposs, da sxva wmida mamebs male grigori... marTlac didi mRvdlad sixaruli ukurTxebiaT yofila mTel im wmida mxareSi... grigorisaTvis umaspinZlia sebastiis episkopos petres. wmida grigori masTan eqvs dRes darCenila. somxeTisaken wamosvlis Turme: `sebastiidan arcTu cotani, Semdeg: wamoiyvana raTa gaexada wmida mRvdlebi grigorma da mRvdlebad berebi, somxeTis eklesiebSi. mas Tan hqonda patriaq leontiusis werili gagzavnili sebastiis wahyoloda [wmida grigoriuss], saeklesio kanonebi rogorc episkopos petrosTan, rom raTa daesva brZanebs~... igi taxtze, maSasadame, rogorc arabuli `cxovrebidan~ moyvanili am citatidan vxedavT, wmida grigors sebastiidan petre da didZali samRvdeloeba gamohyolia Tan. somxeTSi dabrunebulma grigorma naxa, rom im adgilebSi, sadac jvrebi aRmarTes, ukve aegoT eklesiebi. grigorma dadga sakurTxevlebi, xolo episkoposma petrem akurTxa wmida isini. grigori artaSatSi da Sesvlisas netari petre, etli Semdgara. romlebsac iovane naTlismcemlisa da wmida aTenogenis nawilebi hqondaT Tan, mimxvdaran, rom wmidanebs aq surdaT davaneba da wmidaTa nawilebze eklesiis ageba ubrZanebiaT... gzaze kidev daungreviaT SemorCenili sakerpoebi, mounaTlavT xalxi. 35 amis Semdeg naTqvamia, Tu rogor Seegebnen wmida grigors, wmida petres da maT TanmxlebT mefe Trdati da misi ojaxi. arabuli da berZnuli nawarmoebebis Tanaxmad, mefe Trdats grigorTan Sesagebeblad Tan wamouyvania ara mxolod Tavisi ojaxi, aramed, dRis Semdeg wmida Tan uaxlia sami mefec... ocdaaTi didZali Tanaxmad, xalxi monaTla. monaTlulTa grigorma arabul-berZnul Soris yofila Turme versiaTa sami mefec. movusminoT arabuli teqstis avtors: `maTi ricxvi iyo samasormocdaaTi aTasi, mefe Tirdati, mefe afxazTa, mefe qarTlisa, mefe alanebisa, mravali winamZRoli, xalxTa da tomTa mTavrebi, yvela, vinc mis xelTa qveS iyo, mravali msaxuri, kacebi, qalebi, ymawvilebi. mdinareze aRmarTes safarebi, raTa mefeTa colebi Casuliyvnen mosanaTlavad. am dros Teqvsmeti arxonti da maTi grigoriusis colebi, xelTagan, naTlobidan. kacebi vinc naTeliRes Rebulobdnen kacebs wmida monaTlulebs emsaxurebodnen da qalebi qalebs. da idga wmida grigoriusi mdinaris piras da sami mefe masTan erTad, da winamZRolebi, aRbeWda isini mironiTa da jvriT. aiRo mironi da zeTi da Caasxa im mdinareSi da [yovelive] aRsrulda jvris [gamosaxviT]. am dros moxda damSvidda, xeli talRebi Tavebze samjeradi saswauli: mdinarem dineba Sewyvita dawynardnen. [wmida grigoriusma] daado CaRrmavebiT da Tavisi CaaRrmava wmida isini da marjveniT wyalSi da monaTla saxeliTa mamisa da Zisa da wmidisa sulisa. 36 aseve moeqcnen mRvdlebi sxva xalxs, aseve mefeTa colebs. da mdinaris SuaSi gamoCnda cecxlis sveti da am svetze gabrwyinda jvari. mTelma xalxma dainaxa es wylis Tavze [damdgari] sveti cecxlisa da masze mbrwyinavi jvari. gaocdnen da Zalian ganumtkicdaT rwmena qristesi~... amis Semdeg Trdati da wmida grigori zrunavdnen imisTvis, rom qristeanobaze moeqciaT qurumebi. arabuli teqstis mixedviT, qurumebi `bejiTni iyvnen sjulSi da [roca] wmida grigoriusma Seaswavla sarwmunoeba, maT sxva xalxze ufro sarwmunoebisken. grigoriusma metad iswrafves qristeanuli Rirsma mamam, mowamem, keTilma mwyemsma pirvelad [swored] maT aswavla wmida wignebi, vinc kerpTa taZrebs msaxurebdnen~... Semdeg grigori moTxrobilia, episkoposTa Tu rogor sxvadasxva Seudga mxareSi wmida gagzavnas. arabuli versiiT: `wmida grigoriusma, romelic mTeli somxeTis kaTolikosi gaxda, moamzada episkoposebi da agzavnida maT somxeTis mraval miwaze da qarTlSi, durZukeTis5 qveyanaSi, alanebTan~, episkoposTa vinaobaze: vinc masTan erTad _ Semdeg `moiyvana laparakia gagzavnil erTi qarTveli sebastiidan Camovida, kaci, saxelad arabul teqstSi _ ‫ ; قي‬Tu miviCnevT, rom am sityvaSi ‫ ات‬mravlobiTi ricxvis niSania, es sityva unda iTargmnos rogorc _ durZukebi; Mmagram Cven mxars vuWerT qarTuli `eT~ sufiqsis wakiTxvas, _ imitom, rom mravlobiTi ricxvis niSnad teqstSi yovelTvis ufro gavrcelebuli sufiqsia gamoyenebuli. 5 37 ibirbzxua6, gaxada7 mitropolitad da gagzavna, raTa mas mTel qarTlSi daedgina episkoposebi. igi iyo kargi qcevis, keTili, saeklesio wignTa mcodne, iyo diakoni, momswre im drois, roca amoiRes ormoci mowamis Zvlebi, iyo Semkobili WaRariT. amitomac moaqcia am xarisxze. da afxazTa qveyanaSi gagzavna sofroni. is iyo mRvdeli kapadokiidan. gaxada8 gagzavna igi iyo episkoposad Toma, _ mxlebeli da wmida gagzavna. kaci rCeuli. grigoriusisa; alanTa igi qveyanaSi patara qalaq satalidan iyo. eseni arian, vinc masTan erTad Camovidnen. iyvnen wmida wignTa mcodneni~... berZnul versiaSi am ambis Sesaxeb asea moTxrobili: `wminda didi grigolma armeniis akurTxa mTel episkoposebi miwawyalze da da daagzavna mTel qveyanaze, agreTve moZRvrebic; da sebastielTa qveynidan irenarxe saxeliT, mRvdeli da winamZRvari; es irenarxe iyo kaci metad saTno sqemiTa da saqebi moqalaqeobiT, hqonda didi gamocdileba saRvTo werilSi, is ormoc mowameTa wmida neStTa mopovebis dros diakvnad iyo sebastiis maSindeli episkoposisa. iyo kaci Semkuli WaRariT... xolo lazTa qveyanaSi gagzavna sofroni, romelic mRvdlad iyo arabul teqstSi _ ‫’( ابي ب ح ا‬b īrbzḥw ’), es saxeli SeiZleba wavikiTxoT, agreTve, rogorc ibirbazaxua, ibirbizxua, ibirbazxua da sxva. n. mari xsenebul saxelSi megrul sityvebs xedavda (`ibereb skua~, _ iberTa Svili); am sakiTxs qvemoT SevexebiT; 7 ‫ _ صي‬о р щ ть, превр щ ть во что-л. (baranovi 1977: 452); 6 8 ‫;صي‬ 38 kapadokiaSi, xolo albaniaSi gagzavna Toma~ (georgika 1961: 73). rogorc vxedavT, xelnaweris Cvens xelT mixedviT, grigors arsebuli arabuli episkoposebi durZukebTanac gaugzavnia; am versiis Tanaxmad, gagzavnili grigors pirovneba igi erovnebiT mitropolitad alan- qarTlSi qarTveli gauxdia da yofila, gaugzavnia imisaTvis, rom mas mTel qarTlSi daedgina episkoposebi... berZnuli xelnaweris avtori qarTlSi gagzavnili pirovnebis qarTvelobaze arafers gveubneba, mas qarTli arc uxsenebia... amis Semdeg romelSic arabuli CamoTvlilia wmida grigori xelnaweris Zalian bevri episkoposebs avtori mxare, agzavnida. ganmeorebiT axsenebs afxazTa qveyanas, sadac grigors episkoposi gaugzavnia, Semdeg ki sxvadasxva wers: `aseve qveyanaSi da mravali episkoposi xalxebTan, agreTve gagzavna gagzavna moZRvrebi, _ WeSmariti sityvis swavlebis SemZlebni. da rac [Tavad] wmida grigoriuss Seexeba, man aaSena oTxi saepiskoposo araratSi, valarsapatSi, araratsa da dvinusSi da isini Tavisi taxtis qveS moaqcia. da im qveynebs, romlebic CamovTvaleT, igi mzrunvelobda9, [igi] erTi xanoba mzrunvelobda10 maT da didi Tirdats. da roca yovelive somxeTis mefe aRsrulda da yvela ‫يتع ه‬, vulg. forma ‫ ع‬zmnisa; sityva SeiZleba, agreTve, iTargmnos rogorc _ `moinaxulebda xolme~ (ix. winamdebare naSromis 208-e SeniSnva; 10 naxmaria igive sityva; 9 39 ganmtkicda qristeanul sarwmunoebaSi, mTavrad qveynisa da aseve qveynebisa da episkoposebisaTvis Tvalyuris devnebaSi daadgina wmida albiani. da ganamtkicebda maT sarwmunoebis swavlebiT, romelzedac moeqcnen. yovelive amis Semdeg wavida da cxovreba daiwyo daranalusis qveyanaSi, gamoqvabulSi, romelsac maniaraTi hqvia, raTa ganesvena amqveyniur sazrunavTagan da [mTeli] suliT miscemoda marxvas, locvasa da tirils~... arabul xelnawerSi amis Semdeg wmida grigoris Svilebis Sesaxeb aris gadmocemuli cnobebi. grigors adre coli hyolia da misgan ori Svili SesZinia: _ vrTanesi da aristaqisi. orive berad yofila dayudebuli. somxeTis mefis xalxs aristaqisi didi Txovna-vedrebis Semdeg manis dauTanxmebia da gamoqvabulSi, wamouyvania anu, manis somxeTisaken. qvabebSi, myofi Aaq, wmida grigorisTvis Trdats uTqvams: _ `Sen ar modixar CemTan, raTa ganswavlo xalxi, imitom rom martooba Segiyvarda. maSin, rogorc winamZRols, xeli daasxi aristaqiss, raTa Sens magivrad daTanxmda, gvyavdes~. iloca [wmida misTvis grigoriusi] saepiskoposo amaze locviT da gadasca maT Tavis sanacvlod, rogorc dawerilia: `Seni mamis adgilas iqnebian Zeni Senni~... roca didi yovelive sixarulis es konstantine gamomxatveli keisars werili Seutyia, gaugzavnia TrdatisaTvis: `adre Cvenc Seni msgavsni viyaviT da Cvenc gvewia gansacdeli, vgulisxmob keTrs, me rom mqonda da maSin xsna wmida naTlobiT wmida episkopos silvestrusisagan miviReT, rameTu naTlobiT ganmaaxla. 40 me Cemi madliT mosili deda, qristesmoyvare xelisufali, gavgzavne RmerTis wmida qalaqSi, raTa moeZia Zeli brwyinvale, didebuli jvrisa. amis Semdeg ki mominda, TqvenTvis momexeda da sixaruliT mimeReT Sen da wmida grigoriusi~... rogorc vxedavT, konstantine keisars Zalian gaxarebia, rom somxeTis mefe Trdati qristesken moiqca da elene dedoflis mier Zelicxovelis moZiebis Semdeg TavisTan miuwvevia Trdati da grigori. berZnuli xelnaweris avtorTan jer konstantines werilzea laparaki, Semdeg ki _ vrTanesis moZebnis Sesaxeb. wmida grigori da Trdati gamgzavrebulan konstantine keisarTan. arabuli versia ase gvamcnobs: `Semoikriba laSqari mefesTan erTad gasamgzavreblad. maTi ricxvi iyo aTi aTasi cxenosani. mas ar daunaxavs [saWirod], waeyvana amaze meti, imitom, rom iyo mSvidobiT mavali Tavisze did mefesTan, raTa yofiliyo mis xelTa qveS. [amave] dros misi mefuri RirsebisaTvis ar iqneboda kargi, rom amaze naklebiT wasuliyo. da Seudga laSqari gzas~... gzaze maT yvela didi sixaruliT xvdeboda. konstantine mefe maT qalaqgareT, aseve, didi sixaruliT Segebebia, Causvams samefo etlSi da wmida petre mociqulis taZarSi wauyvania salocavad. Semdeg wasulan sasaxleSi da uSualod mouTxriaT TavianTi ambebi. 41 erTurTisaTvis somxeTSi dabrunebis Semdeg Trdat mefe kvlavac ganagrZobda, Turme, wmida wignTa Seswavlasa da saeklesio moRvaweobas, xolo grigor ganmanaTlebeli isev manis qvabebSi ganmartoebula. amis rogor Semdeg gaimarTa gaemgzavrnen arabul nikeis versiaSi saeklesio moTxrobilia, kreba da Tu rogor iq aristaqisi da sxva episkoposni, rogor miiRes iq saeklesio kanonebi... netari aristaqisi saeklesio kanonebiT da gamarTuli sarwmunoebiT dabrunebula somxeTSi. nikeis krebis Sesaxeb berZnul xelnawerSi araferia naTqvami... Semdeg nawarmoebebSi naTqvamia, rom mTeli eri gabrwyinda qristeanuli moZRvrebiT, rom wmida grigori locvasa da marxvaSi atarebda cxovrebas manam, sanam ar aResrula am qveynidan da ar ganisvena... bolos arabuli da berZnuli versiebis avtorebs, orives, erTnairad gadaaqvT TavianT teqstebSi winare xelnawerebidan momdinare sityvebi, romlebic pirvel pirSia dawerili da romlebiTac, Tu somxuri istoriuli tradiciis mixedviT vimsjelebT, wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis pirvelaRmweri, mis Sesaxeb dawerili pirveli nawarmoebis avtori _ agaTangelosi mkiTxvelT amcnobs, rom yovelive, rac maT auwya, Tavisi TvaliT aqvs nanaxi, zogi ram ki sarwmuno xalxisagan gaugonia. Semdeg ki locavs maT da adidebs ufals. aseTia arabul-berZnuli versiebis Sinaarsi, aseTi cnobebia maTSi gadmocemuli moqcevasTan dakavSirebiT. 42 kavkasiis qveynebis Tavi meore ,,grigor ganmanaTleblis Sedgenilobisa da cxovrebis~ arabul-berZnuli teqstebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxisaTvis Nnawarmoebebi, rogorc TavianTi vxedavT, ganmanaTleblis imperator sakmaod ASedgenilobis rTulia. cxovrebis garda, diokletianesgan maTSi, grigor Sesulia devnili rifsimesa da misi megobrebis somxeTSi mxriv, romis qalwulebis, _ gaqcevisa da maTi iq martvilobis istoria. germaneli mecnieris alf fonguTSmidis azriT, grigor ganmanaTleblis redaqciebi ori erTmaneTisagan Sedegs damoukidebeli warmoadgens. erTi nawarmoebis gaerTianebis _ es aris sakuTriv wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovreba, meore _ ,,rifsimeanTa martviloba~ javaxiSvili, (gariti igi 1946: 31); qarTuli aseTive azrisaa redaqciis iv. safuZvelze msjelobs amgvarad, oRond, rogorc akad. iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavs: ,,yvela redaqciebSi qalwulTa martviloba grigolis Tavgadasavlisa da moRvaweobis ambavSi isea Caqsovili, rom maT Soris ukve ganuwyveteli logikuri kavSiri aris gabmuli da TviT moTxrobac isea SeTxzuli, rom sakmarisia erT-erTi misi nawilTaganis gamosarRvevad Zafi gamoswioT, (javaxiSvili 1935: rom 81); mTeli amas qsovilic garda, rogorc dairRves~ xsenebuli sakiTxebis mkvlevari latavra RvalaZe aRniSnavs: ,,grigol 43 ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis Cvenamde moRweuli redaqciebi isea agebuli da Txzulebisa dRes es ori nawili agaTangelosis ise organulad aris erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli, rom Zneli warmosadgenia isini erTmaneTis gareSe~ (RvalaZe 1985: 101). grigor ganmanaTleblis nawarmoebis gaerTianebis STabeWdileba, rom CaurTavT cxovreba Sedegs hgavs. ori iqmneba grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebaSi martvilologiuri baramiZe marTlac savsebiT nawarmoebi. prof. marTebulad revaz aRniSnavs: ,,martvilologiur ZeglebSi mocemulia erTi siuJeturi rkali, Txroba araa garTulebuli sxvadasxva epizodiT, Semofarglulia erTi garkveuli ambis gadmocemiT. ver vxvdebiT erTi ZiriTadi magistraluri xazidan gadaxvevas. martvilologiuri Zeglebis kompozicia metad martivia, masSi araa gadaxlarTuli ramdenime siuJeturi rkali~ (baramiZe 1954: 633-640). zemoT, aSkarad nawarmoebTa SevamCnieT dakavSirebiT is, Txroba sworxazobrivad Sinaarsis rom wmida marTlac viTardeba, _ gacnobisas, Zalzed Cven rifsimesTan martivad usjuloTagan da devnili rifsime da misi megobrebi garbian somxeTSi. iq usjuloebi asuls qristesadmi micemuli aRTqmis darRvevas sTxoven, rifsime Seudrekelia Rebulobs da mowameobas... gamokveTili Tavis megobrebTan nawarmoebSi martivi siuJeti martvilologiuri Zeglisa, originalurad dakavSirebuli aris 44 mkafiod erTad aris damoukidebeli romelic wmida Zalzed grigoris cxovrebasTan da romelsac mainc SemorCenili aqvs damoukidebeli nawarmoebis niSani. saeWvoa, Tavisi rom wmida nawarmoebi rifsimeanTa iseTi ambavs nawarmoebisaTvis gamokveTili grigoris saxiT cxovrebis daewera, damoukidebeli rom masSi martvilologiuri damaxasiaTebeli siuJeturi aRmwers aseTi xazi mkafiod hqonoda, amitom angariSgasawevia mosazreba wmida grigoris cxovrebis ori nawarmoebisagan Sedgenilobis Sesaxeb... axla rac Seexeba arabul berZnuli teqstebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxs. akad. niko marma, rogorc aRvniSneT, miiCnia, rom versia qarTvelTa mefeebis wmida grigoris mier naTlobis Sesaxeb VII-VIII ss-Si Seiqmna taoel somex qalkedonelTa wreSi (mari 1905: 181_182); misi aRniSvniT, arabul nawarmoebSi kargad Cans, rom avtori cdilobs, somxeTis eklesia qarTl-lazikis eklesiebTan dakavSirebulad warmosaxos, rac mis qalkedonelobaze metyvelebs, magram igi yovelnairad iswrafvis, rom somexTa mefe Trdati kavkasiis sxva qveynebis mefeebze aRmatebulad warmosaxos, rac mis erovnebiT somxobas warmoaCens; avtori, niko maris azriT, qarTul samyarosTan axloa, igi xSirad qarTul toponimebs xmarobs, _ n. mars qarTul samyarosTan dakavSirebuli qalkedoneli somexi taoelad esaxeboda, taoel qalkedonelad miaCnda... n. maris aRniSvniT, taoSi somxuri qalkedonuri eklesia VIII s-mde arsebobda, rac, misi azriT, imas niSnavs, rom es versia VIII s-mde 45 Seqmnila (mari 1905: 182); SemorCenili arabuli xelnaweri niko marma IX saukuneze adreulad ar miiCnia... SemorCenili mniSvnelobas xelnaweris imsaxurebs a. dasaTariReblad s. atias did katalogi. mas aRwerili aqvs krebuli, romelSic Setanilia arabuli ,,cxovreba~. Etrati, a. s. atias gansazRvriT, X saukunis pirveli naxevrisaa (97, 15). prof. Jerar garitis mier gamocemuli teqsti grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebisa, rogorc aRvniSneT, 1107 wliT aris daTariRebuli (gariti 1946: 150); zemoT aRvniSnavdiT, rom masSi moTavsebulia cameti Txzuleba, _ wmidaTa cxovrebani da wamebani, homiliebi, apokalifsisi... wmida grigoris cxovreba meTerTmete adgilas _ 241-262 gverdebs Soris aris moTavsebuli (gariti 1946: 151). prof. Jerar garitma, rogorc ukve iTqva, am berZnuli teqstis nawili arabuli `cxovrebis~ dedanad miiCnia... versia wmida grigoris mier SemdgomSi diofizituri qveynebis mefeTa monaTlvis Sesaxeb, safiqrebelia, rom, marTlac saqarTvelos samxreTSi mcxovreb qalkedonel somexTa wreSi Tanamimdevruli n. mari; iyos Seqmnili, rogorc amas msjelobis saSualebiT warmoaCens akad. cxadia, rogorc es pavle ingoroyvam adreve cxadyo, ar SeiZleba im azris gaziareba, rom saqarTvelos samxreTSi odesme somxuri sapitiaxSo arsebobda, rom taoklarjeTis mosaxleoba Tavdapirvelad somxuri iyoD(am sakiTxSi pavle ingoroyva ekamaTeboda akad.-ebs n. mars, k. kekeliZes, prof. ilia marTlac ar arsebobs abulaZes (kakabaZe damamtkicebeli 46 1928: 400-416), sabuTi imis mtkicebisaTvis, rom taoSi, an klarjeTSi, odesme somxeTis sapitiaxSo arsebobda (am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT ix. goilaZe 1991: 42-43), magram is azri ki sarwmunoa, rom samxreT saqarTvelos qalkedonur wiaRs xolme somxeTis monofizituri Tavs afarebdnen eklesiidan devnili qalkedoneli somxebi da xsenebuli versia swored maT mier unda iyos Seqmnili... tao-klarjeTSi qalkedonel somexTa arseboba marTlac VIII s-mdea sagulisxmebeli, amitom es versiac VIII s-mde unda iyos Seqmnili, rac Semdeg sxva adgilas arabulad iTargmna... arabuli Zeglis ufro dazustebiT dasaTariReblad SeiZleba dagvexmaros is faqti, rom adgilas lazikis mefes ,,erisTavTa (rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT, teqstis xelnaweris mTavari~ es erT ewodeba adgili aqamde arasworad iyo gagebuli specialur literaturaSi), _ es aris oficialuri tituli, romelic lazikis patrikiosi daaxloebiT VIII s-is bolomde atarebda, aRniSnul periodamde mas es tituli hqonda (narkvevebi 1973: 18)... davuSvaT, rom teqsti arabulad me-12 s-Si, an, ufro gvianac ki, Targmnes 1107 wliT daTariRebuli berZnuli xelnaweridan, _ gana dasajerebelia, rom am periodSi moRvawe avtors dasavleT saqarTvelos samefos mefe aseTi adreuli tituliT moexseniebina? amgvari tituli berZnul xelnawerSi ar gvxvdeba; Cveni azriT, ufro is aris safiqrebeli, rom Zegli arabulad swored im periodis axlo xanebSi iTargmna, roca lazikis patrikoss oficialurad ,,erisTavTa mTavari~ erqva, Zeglis arabulad mTargmnels im periodis mixedviT 47 miucia lazikis mefisaTvis saxeli, romelSic TviTon cxovrobda; arabuli Zegli im periodSi unda iyos Seqmnili, roca avtorisTvis jer kidev kargad aris cnobili lazikis patrikiosis oficialuri dasavleT tituli `erisTavTa saqarTvelos dasasruls dasavleT ukve mTavari~ afxazeTi saqarTveloSi da, hqvia ukve roca (VIII s-is Camoyalibda egris-afxazeTis samefo da mis suverens 80-ian ww-Si mefe ewoda), swored VIII saukuneSi, an odnav mogvianebiT unda iyos Seqmnili arabuli Txzuleba; Cveni azriT, ar aris SeuZlebeli, rom qalkedonuri versia marTlac saqarTvelos samxreTSi mosaxle diofiziti somxis mier iyos Seqmnili VII-VIII ss-Si, xolo, Tu vivaraudebT, rom arabulad teqsti, Targmnes, maSin ganwmendilis aseve, VII-VIII safiqrebeli lavraSi iyos ss-is xdeba, axlo rom Targmnili xanebSi igi da saba Semdeg _ gadatanili sinas mTaze; sabas lavra, rogorc viciT, me-5 s-Si daarsda da masSi moRvaweobdnen; aq Seiqmna arabuli literatura, sxvadasxva Zalian romelic erovnebis Zlieri SemdgomSi, berebi qristeanuli IX-X ss-Si, arabTagan Seviwrovebis gamo, sinas mTaze gadaitanes. akad. korneli kekeliZis aRniSvniT: sinas mTaze ,,werdnen ara marto qarTul arabulsac; es xelnawerebs, iqidan Cans, aramed rom berZnulsac bevr iqaur da berZnul- arabul xelnawers qarTuli paginacia aqvs. mometebuli nawili aqauri uZvelesi xelnawerebisa sabas lavridanaa gadmotanili~ (kekeliZe arsebuli, s. a. daTariRebuli, atias 1975: mier xelnaweri, 92). X dRes saukunis SesaZloa, 48 sinas Cvens I xelT naxevriT mTaze iyos gadawerili (akad. k. kekeliZis aRniSvniT, ,,aq gadaweras ufro misdevdnen~ (kekeliZe 1975: 92) im xelnaweridan, romelSic gaCenila sityvebi arabuli `erisTavTa mTavari~. sityvebze ,,erisTavTa mTavari~ Cven qvemoTac gveqneba saubari, axla ki, SemorCenili arabuli xelnaweris TariRze fiqrisas, gvinda yuradReba gavamaxviloT kidev erT garemoebaze: arabul teqstSi erT adgilas naxsenebia: `mama, Ze da suliwmida~, suliwmidis Sesaxeb weria: `gamomavali suliwmida~, ar weria ,,mamisgan gamomavali~, an ,,mamisa da Zisagan gamomavali~... Cveni azriT, es faqti imaze metyvelebs, rom Zegli me-12 saukunemdel periodSia Seqmnili, teqsti im dros unda iyos dawerili, roca qristeanul samyaroSi kamaTi mimdinareobs imis Sesaxeb, suliwmida Zisaganac gamodis, Tu _ ara da, TiTqos, arabuli teqstis avtors am kamaTisaTvis Tavi auridebiao da amitom wers mxolod aseT sityvebs: ,,gamomavali suliwmida~... es faqtic, Cveni azriT, imaze metyvelebs, rom arabuli Zegli me-12-s-isaze gacilebiT Zveli Cans, vidre, _ berZnuli, aqedan gasaziarebelia berZnulidan gamomdinare, varaudi arabuli momdinareobis vfiqrobT, teqstis Sesaxeb; Zneli garitiseuli vfiqrobT, rom arabul-berZnuli xelnawerebis naTesaoba ufro maTi erTi saTavidan momdinareobiT garemoebiT; momdinareobs ufro im is unda aris berZnuli avxsnaT, safiqrebeli, xelnaweridan, vidre sxva rom isini romelsac Cvenamde ar mouRwevia, an romelic jerjerobiT ar Cans. rogorc es zemoT `wmida grigoris cxovrebis~ arabuli da 49 berZnuli arabul versiebis Sinaarsis nawarmoebs zogi gadmocemisasac iseTi cnoba gamoCnda, Semounaxavs, garitiseul berZnul xelnawerSi rom ar moipoveba da romlebic, rogorc amas qvemoT vnaxavT, Cans, rom, _ ,,wmida grigoris cxovrebis~ uZvelesi teqstebidan gamomdinareobs (aseTia cnoba lazTa qveyanaSi sakerpoebis dangrevis Sesaxeb, cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom wmida grigors somxeTSi mxolod oTxi qarTlSi gagzavnili qarTvelobis cnobebi Sesaxeb...), _ ucnobi da momdinareobis xelnaweri cnoba `,ibirbzxuas~ arabul-berZnuli erTmaneTisagan xelnaweridan is eqvemdebareboda, pirovnebis gansxvavdeba berZnuli tovebs; saepiskoposo teqstebis isini sxva STabeWdilebas unda anaTesavebdes erTmaneTTan xsenebul teqstebs, im ucnobi xelnaweridan unda hqondes miRebuli orive Zegls dRevandeli, _ erTmaneTis msgavsi saxe. Cveni azriT, jerjerobiT safuZveli, rom gaviziaroT gamoTqmuli varaudi arabuli ar Jerar arsebobs myari garitis mier xelnaweris 1107 wliT daTariRebuli berZnuli teqstidan momdinareobis Sesaxeb. 50 Tavi mesame qarTvelTa da alan-albanTa mefeebis Sesaxeb arsebul cnobaTa geneziis sakiTxi arabulsa da berZnul versiebSi sanam uSualod teqstebs SeviswavlideT, gvinda, jer istoriografias mivmarToT da mokled gavixsenoT, Tu rogori iyo IV saukunis dasawyisSi qarT-lazikisa da somxeTis politikuri mdgomareoba. 298 w-s nizibinSi romsa da irans Soris dadebuli sazavo xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, qarTli romaelTa gavlenis qveS moeqca. romis gavlenis qveS iyo moqceuli somxeTic... ,,nizibinis mSvidobianoba zavis ar Semdeg romsa darRveula da TiTqmis irans Soris ormoci wlis ganmavlobaSi. amierkavkasiaSi politikuri viTareba ar Secvlila (narkvevebi formaluri iyo, 1973: 63)... radgan es damokidebuleba ,,romaelebs ar hqondaT saSualeba didi pretenziebiT gamosuliyvnen aRmosavleT amierkavkasiaSi. qarTlic da somxeTic faqtiurad damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebi iyvnen~ (narkvevebi 1973: 64). rac Seexeba lazikas, IV s-is pirvel naxevarSi zRvispira qalaqebSi `jer kidev bizantielTa garnizonebi mdgara~ (narkvevebi 1973: 159), cnobiT, imperatorma sagamgeblod dayo istorikos zosimes (Vs) konstantine da erT-erTs 51 I-ma imperia miaTvala oTx `mTeli zRvispireTi pamfiliidan vidre trapezuntamde, da fazisze mdebare simagrebamde~ (narkvevebi 1973: 159)... III saukuneSi roms Zlieri brZolebi mouwia guTebis tomTan, maTTan brZolaSi aqtiur monawileobas Rebulobs dasavleTi saqarTvelos mosaxleobac (narkvevebi 1973: 159); III-IV saukuneebSi imperias ukve aRar Seswevda Zala TviT gadaeWra yvela saWirboroto sakiTxi~... amierkavkasiis qveynebSi guTebis Semosevebma ,,aiZules romi Serigeboda lazeTis mmarTvelTa damoukideblobisa da gafarToebisaken miswrafebas da xeli Seewyo kidec am procesisaTvis~ (narkvevebi 1973: 163)... amrigad, qarTli rogorc da damoukidebeli vxedavT, lazika III-IV ss-Si erTmaneTisagan somxeTi, sruliad saxelmwifoebia... es faqti ukve saeWvos xdis realobas wmida grigoris arabulsa da berZnul ,,cxovrebebSi~ daxatuli suraTisa, romlis mixedviTac, qarTlisa da lazikis mefeebi faqtobrivad somxeTis mefe Trdatze daqvemdebarebul mdgomareobaSi myofebad arian warmodgenilni. axla berZnuli ki Tvali versiebis mivadevnoT CvenTvis arabuli da, aseve, saintereso cnobebs iqcevs faqti, da ganvixiloT isini. upirvelesad yuradRebas is rom, xsenebul nawarmoebTa mixedviT, roca somxeTSi grigor ganmanaTlebeli moRvaweobs, paralelurad, amavdroulad qarTlsa da lazikaSic mimdinareobs qristeanuli saxelmwifos dafuZnebis, Seqmnis procesi (nawarmoebebSi 52 moxseniebuli albanebisa da alanebis Sesaxeb qvemoT gveqneba saubari). qristeanuli saxelmwifos eklesiis mefis dafuZnebas, mier ama qristeanobis Tu im oficialur religiad gamocxadebas win, cxadia, yovelTvis uZRvis mqadageblis moRvaweoba; qveyanaSi moRvaweobs xolme esa Tu is misioneri, romelic uqadagebs samefo wreebs, Zveli sakulto taZrebis warmomadgenelT, xalxs; igi fizikurad cxovrobs, fizikurad moRvaweobs ama Tu im qveyanaSi, qadagebs axal religias, rasac moyveba xolme mefis mier am religiis WeSmarit sarwmunoebad aRiareba. vin aris is piri, vinc qarTlSi, an lazikaSi qristeanoba iqadaga, _ aris Tu ara es piri grigor ganmanaTlebeli? mkvlevari marina CxartiSvili, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, savsebiT sworad amaxvilebs yuradRebas im faqtze, rom arabul ZeglSi wmida grigori ar aris warmodgenili qarTlSi moRvawe misionerad (CxartiSvili 1987: 50-53). marTlac arc arabul da arc berZnul versiebSi arsad ar aris naTqvami, rom grigori qarTlSi, an, miTumetees, lazikaSi Casuliyos da iq qristeanoba eqadagos, arsad ar weria, rom mas qarTvelTa adgilebi daevlos, eklesiaTa asaSenebeli adgilebi ekurTxebinos iq, rom iqauri xalxisaTvis qristeanoba eqadagos; arsad ar weria, rom grigor ganmanaTlebeli iyo qarTlis, an lazikis mqadagebeli, arabul-berZnuli am qveynebSi wyaroebi moRvawe grigor qarTvelTa mqadageblad ar warmogvidgens. 53 misioneri; ganmanaTlebels maS, vin iyvnen am nawarmoebTa mixedviT qarTvelTa mqadageblebi, vin unda vigulisxmoT qarTvelTa misionerad? iqneb xsenebuli Zeglebidan is azri unda gamovitanoT, rom qarTlsa da lazikas TviT am qveynebis mefeebi moevlinnen mqadageblebad, iqneb, unda miviCnioT, rom isini jer grigorisagan ganiswavlnen, Semdeg ki wavidnen TavianT qveynebSi da iq ukve TavianTi samefoebis mcxovrebT varaudi uqadages axali religia? Magram dauSvebelia; _ mqadagebeli, amgvari sanam sxvas uqadagebdes, saWiroa, rom jer TviTon iyos ganswavluli da, sruliad monaTluli... cxadia, TviTon arabul-berZnuli unda iyos qristeani, versiebis Tanaxmad, qarTlisa da lazikis mefeebi qristeanobaSi sruliad ganuswavlelni yofilan, maT naTeli uRiaT Zalian gvian, mxolod _ maSin, roca am qveynebSi ukve episkoposTa dadginebis procesi iwyeboda, amitom gaugebaria, Tu rodis SeiZleba, rom maT moeswroT qadageba. Cven ver miviCnevT, rom qarTvelTa mqadageblebi maTi mefeebi iyvnen. arabuli versiis mixedviT, mefeTa monaTlvas win uZRoda qarTlsa da lazikaSi kerpebis ngreva da jvrebis aRmarTva, es naTelRebuli ki, sruliad mqadageblebis bunebrivia, gareSe ver qristeani, moxdeboda. yovelive aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, rom, qarTlsa da lazikas sxva misionerebi hyavda da am qveyanaTa mefeebis qarTvelTa mqadageblebad miCneva sruliad dauSvebelia. imaves Tqma SeiZleba ibirbzxuasa Tu irenarxes, an sofronis Sesaxeb, _ es pirebi qarTvelTa qveynebSi midian im dros, roca iq ukve saeklesio mSeneblobaa dawyebuli, 54 e. i., roca qarTli da lazika ukve moqceula romelime misioneris, Tu pirovnebebi misionerebis ar mier. amdenad, igulisxmebian arc es arabul-berZnul nawarmoebebSi qarTl-lazikis mqadageblebad... maSasadame, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom arabulsa da berZnul versiebSi qarTlisa da lazikis mqadageblebi moxseniebulni ar arian, aseT pirovnebebs xsenebuli Zeglebi ar icnobs. arada, versiebis avtorebi faqtiurad warmogviCenen, rom naqadagebia qristeanoba. aqedan Tavisdauneburad, am qveynebSi ukve gamomdinare, Cven SesaZleblad migvaCnia, varaudis saxiT davuSvaT, rom arsebobda arabul-berZnuli versiebis iseTi winare, Soreuli nusxebi, romlebSic aRniSnuli iyo qarTlisa da, SesaZloa, agreTve, lazikis mqadagebelTa saxelebi, rom adreul dawerilad periodSi arsebobda miCneuli iseTi agaTangelosis istoria grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebisa, romelic ixseniebda qarTlis mqadageblis saxels. is varaudi, rom agaTangelosis amgvari redaqcia marTlac arsebobda, Cveni azriT, dasturdeba somexi JamTaaRmwerlis movses xorenacis nawarmoebiT, romelsac ,,somxeTis istoria~ ewodeba. am nawarmoebis 71-e TavSi moTxrobilia qarTlis moqcevis ambavi. `somxeTis istoriidan~ Cven vxedavT, rom im dros, roca somxeTSi wmida grigor parTeli moRvaweobda, qarTls Tavisi momaqceveli hyolia, es yofila qali, saxelad, _ ,,nune~. Turme ,,nunem~ da masTan erTad am qveynis mefe mirianma 55 didad iRvawes qarTlis gasaqristeaneblad. am istoriis gadmocemisas CvenTvis umTavresi mniSvneloba aqvs im faqts, rom movses xorenaci Tavis wyarod agaTangeloss asaxelebs. mogvyavs abdalaZiseuli mociquli xorenacis Targmani: qali gaxda, naSromis ,,gavbedav man da iqadaga prof. al. vityvi, rom klarjeTidan dawyebuli, vidre alanTa da kaspiis karebamde, masquTTa sazRvrebamde, rogorc amas agaTangelosi gauwyebs Sen~ (xorenaci 1984: 172). am sityvebSi igrZnoba teqstis siZvele. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom am sityvebis avtori qarTlis gaqristeanebis axlo periodSi cxovrobs. es is periodia, roca somxeTSi jerac cnobilia agaTangelosis iseTi nawarmoebi, romelSic qarTvelTa moqcevazea saubari, es aris periodi, roca somxeTSi jer kidev kargad ver qarTlSi gaucnobierebiaT, uCveulo mociqulad, moavlina ram sxva RmerTma, magaliTic moxda, daujerebiaT, _ qveynebisagan moxda ucnobia, ver aq swored momaqcevlad, gansxvavebiT, uCveulo amitom rom gamonaklisi, ambobs qali risi xorenaci: `gavbedav da vityvi~... amrigad, rogorc aRvniSneT, am sityvebis avtori Tavis azriT, wyarod agaTangeloss sruliad cxadad asaxelebs. dasturdeba, aqedan, rom Cveni odesRac marTlac arsebobda agaTangelosis Seqmnilad cnobili istoria, romelSic grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis Sesaxeb iyo laparaki da romelSic moxseniebuli iyo, agreTve, qaTvelTa mqadagebeli `nune~, moniSnuli iyo is geografiuli areali, sadac iqadaga `nunem~ qristeanoba; 56 safiqrebelia, rom im uZveles versiaSi wmida ,,nune~, anu, cxadia, wmida nino, jer ar iyo saxeldebuli qarTvelTa mTavarmociqulad, saubari iyo misi qadagebebis Sesaxeb, magram ar iyo momaqceveli, dazustebuli, maTi mociqulia, rom igi qarTvelTa winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi xorenacis ar dasWirdeboda gansakuTrebuli gambedaoba misi mociqulobis STabeWdileba, rom gacnobierebaSi; agaTangelosi iqmneba marTlac iseTi Trdatis Tanamedrove iyo da IV saukunis dasawyisSi werda Tavis istorias, rom qarTvelTa mqadageblis Sesaxeb Zalze mokled, dazustebebisa da ganzogadebebis gareSe, awvdida cnobebs mkiTxvelT; mTavaria, sakiTxTan qarTlis am cnobebis wakiTxvam axladdafuZnebuli damokidebulebam, agreTve, da, rac eklesiis am qarTulma werilobiTma Zeglma _ `mida ninos cxovrebam~ xorenacis gaabedvina da gamoacxadebina, rom qarTlSi uCveulo ram moxda, rom aq mTavarmociqulad qali moevlina xalxs. 11 axla yuradRebiT davukvirdeT xorenacis `istoriis~ 71-e Tavis cnobebs. am TavSi moTxrobilia, Tu rogor gagzavnes wmida `nunem~ da mefe mirianma TavianTi delegacia somxeTSi wmida grigorTan Sesaxvedrad. ,,nunesa~ da mefis delegacia somxeTSi Sexvedria wmida grigors da am ukanasknels xsenebuli delegaciis, anu xorenacis `istoriiseuli~ sityvebiT Tu vityviT, `,sando kacebis~ saSualebiT, maTi 11 SuamavlobiT, `nunesTvis~ movses xorenacis naSromis 71-e Tavze aSkarad igrZnoba `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ gavlena, es, Cveni azriT, eWvs ar unda iwvevdes. am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT ix. Mmarina CxartiSvilis dasax. naSr. (67, 30-34); 57 SeuTvlia, rom mas daengria kerpebi. mogvyavs teqstis isev al. abdalaZiseuli Targmani: ,,[nunem] miiRo brZaneba, rom moespo kerpebi, rogorc es Tavad grigorma qna~. Semdeg ki naTqvamia, rom `nunem~ grigorisagan miiRo brZaneba, _ aRemarTa jvari (xorenaci 1984: 171). cxadia, aq sityva `brZaneba~ grigorisadmi pativiscemis gamoxatvisa da misi gandidebis mizniT aris naxmari, magram amjerad Cven es ar gvainteresebs, _ Cven yuradReba gvinda, gavamaxviloT agaTangelosis Cvenamde miuRweveli naSromis im Sinaarsze, romelic `somxeTis istorias~ Semounaxavs, _ Cven vxedavT, Tu ra werebula agaTangelosis uZveles nawarmoebSi, _ aq naCvenebi yofila, Tu rogor Sexvda qarTlis samefo delegacia wmida grigors, kerpebis mixedviT, rogor SeuTvala grigorma qarTvelT dangreva; xorenacisTan grigors SemorCenili qarTvelTaTvis kerpebis cnobis adgilas jvris aRmarTva SeuTvlia. axla isev cxovrebis davubrundeT arabulsa da grigor berZnul ganmanaTleblis versiebs. rogorc vnaxeT, aqac, kerZod, arabul `cxovrebaSi~, naCvenebia, rom qarTlis miwaze warmarTuli grigorTan salocavebi, SeTanxmebiT rom daangries qarTlis mefem grigorisagan miiRo brZaneba, Tavis qveyanaSi dangreuli kerpebis xalxisaTvis sanacvlod samRvdeloebis salocavad jvrebi mosvlamde aRemarTa. orive nawarmoebSi kargad aris warmoCenili, rom qarTlisa da somxeTis erTmaneTTan samefo wreebi SeTanxmebulni 58 religiur yofilan. sakiTxebSi cnobaTa es msgavseba kidev gamoTqmul ufro varauds, metad romlis ganamtkicebs mixedviTac, zemoT marTlac arsebobda agaTangelosis uZvelesi naSromi, romelSic qarTlis samefo karisa da grigor ganmanaTleblis urTierTseTanxmebis, warmarTuli taZrebis ngrevisa da qristeanuli jvrebis aRmarTvis Sesaxeb iyo saubari da romlis kvali, erTi mxriv, movses xorenacis `istoriam~, meore mxriv ki, gansakuTrebiT ki, _ arabul berZnulma arabulma Zeglma versiebma, Semoinaxa. Cven mxars vuWerT mosazrebas, romlis Tanaxmad, agaTangelosi istoriuli piria da ara _ legendaruli, gamogonili. axla yuradReba romlebic SeiniSneba nawarmoebisa da dRes mivaqcioT im gansxvavebebs, agaTangelosis SemorCenili uZvelesi arabul-berZnuli versiebis cnobaTa Soris. rogorc vxedavT xorenacisTan SemorCenili agaTangelosiseuli cnobebis mixedviT, somxeTSi wmida grigorTan mosalaparakeblad Casulan wmida `nunesa~ da qarTlis mefis `sando kacebi~, anu Casula qarTlis samefo delegacia da, erTi mxriv, wmida grigor-Trdatsa da, meore mxriv, wmida nino-mirians Soris swored maTi SuamavlobiT gamarTuila molaparakeba. dReisaTvis SemorCenili arabul-berZnuli versiebis mixedviT ki, somxeTSi Casula ara samefo delegacia, aq Casulan ara wmida `nunesa~ da mirianis `sando kacebi~, aramed, Casula Tavad mefe qarTlisa, Tanac, es sami mefe sxva or mefesTan erTad Zalian adre xlebia Trdats, _ 59 jer kidev manam, sanam somxeTSi warmarTuli taZrebis ngrevas daiwyebdnen. rogorc Sinaarsi, dRes vxedavT, romelic Cven agaTangelosis xorenacis xelT arsebul nawarmoebis `istorias~ arabul Semounaxavs, da berZnul xelnawerebSi Zalian damaxinjebuli da Secvlili saxiT aris warmodgenili. warmodgenili, am TiTqos, versiebSi somxeTSi viTareba qarTlis isea mefis delegacia ki ara, aramed, TviT qarTlis mefe Casuliyos; agaTangelosis uZvelesi nawarmoebiseuli Sinaarsis aRdgenis Semdeg ukve sruliad cxadi xdeba, rom arabulberZnuli versiebiseuli cnobebi, romelTa mixedviTac, somxeTSi qarTlis mefe Casula, yalbia da am cnobebs istoriul WeSmaritebasTan araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs; cnobebi somxeTSi Casvlis Sesaxeb qarTlis mefis agaTangelosis Trdatis brZanebiT uZvelesi istoriis damaxinjebis Sedegad Cans gaCenili. axla SevecadoT da warmovidginoT, Tu rogor unda momxdariyo es damaxinjeba. rogorc Semdgomma Cans, agaTangelosis xelnawerebma ukve aRar uZvelesi nusxis Semoinaxa wmida `nunesa~ da mirianis saxelebi, Semdgom xelnawerebSi ukve aRar SemorCa cnoba aRarc wmida ,,nunesa~ da mirianis mier somxeTSi gagzavnili `sando kacebis~ Sesaxeb, magram, rogorc safiqrebelia, mogviano drois xelnawerebma Semoinaxa cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom somxeTisa da qarTlis samefo karebs samRvdeloebis Soris moxda mosvlamde 60 SeTanxmeba warmarTuli am qveynebSi taZrebis dangrevisa da maT adgilas jvrebis aRmarTvis Taobaze; Semoinaxa is istoria, romlis mixedviTac, grigorma, mas Semdeg, rac igi somxeTSi warmarTuli taZrebis ngrevas Seudga, qarTvelT mouwoda, rom TavianT qveyanaSi maTac daengriaT warmarTuli salocavebi, samRvdeloebis mosvlamde, somexTa darad, maTac jvrebi aRemarTaT, rom qarTlSi marTlac moxda amgvari movlena... arabul- berZnuli versiebis winare romeliRac redaqciis avtorma, romelmac gaicno qarTlisa da es cnobebi, somxeTis romelmac mefeebs Seityo, Soris rom warmarTuli taZrebis dangrevisa da qristeanuli salocavebis agebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba moxda, gadawerisas teqstSi, rogorc Cans, `mcire Sesworebebi~ da `dazustebani~ Seitana, Cans, man viTareba somxeTSi ise warmoadgina, qarTlis mefis TiTqos, uSualo, Sedegad momxdariyos; mas Trdatis mier xelqveiTebis Tavisi es SeTanxmeba piradi wakiTxuli Casvlis hqonda wmida cnoba grigorTan gamoZaxebisa da maTi vaRarSapatSi Casvlis Sesaxeb da viTareba ise dagvixata, TiTqos Trdats Tavis xelqveiTebTan erTad qarTlis mefec gamoeZaxos, TiTqos es mefec xlebiyos mas Teqvsmet rom naxararTan erTad. gadamwerma, rogorc Cans, `cxovrebis~ im adgilas, sadac naxararebis gamoZaxebazea laparaki, Tavis mxriv, CarTo cnoba, naxararTan romlis erTad mixedviTac, wmida Trdats grigorTan Teqvsmet qarTlis mefec xelqveiTiviT gamouZaxia. amgvarad Seiqmna gayalbebuli istoria, _ TiTqos gadawyvetileba miuRia qarTlis ara 61 wmida mefes ninos, gaqristeanebis aramed, mefe Trdatisa da grigor ganmanaTleblis uSualo zemoqmedebis Sedegad, TiTqos qarTlis mefem Trdatis brZanebisa da grigor mosmenis safuZvelze ganmanaTleblis qadagebaTa gadawyvita gaqristeaneba da aq wmida ninos araviTari wvlili ar Seutania. rogorc Cans, grigor ganmanaTleblis redaqciaTa erT-erTma gadamwerma advilad isargebla dakargvis faqtiT agaTangelosis uZvelesi cnobebis (TavisTavad safiqrebelia, rom am cnobaTa adreul nusxebSi dakargva nel-nela Mmoxdeboda, cxadia, _ konkretuli mizniT) da Tavis teqstSi ,,mcire Sesworebebi~ da `dazustebebi~ Seitana. Zveli cnobebis dakargvis Semdeg mas gakeTebis saSualeba. ukve hqonda amgvari CanarTebis rogorc savaraudoa, ase Seiqmna yalbi cnoba somxeTSi qarTvelTa mefis Casvlis Sesaxeb, rac Semdeg grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis dRes Cvens xelT arsebulma arabul-berZnulma wyaroebma Semoinaxa. agaTanglosis uZvelesi nusxis yvelaze ufro namdvili, ufro sworad, naklebad damaxinjebuli, cnobebi movses xorenacis `istoriam~ SeinarCuna (xorenacis ,,istoriaSi~ arsebuli calkeuli cvlilebebis Sesaxeb qvemoT gveqneba saubari), arabul-berZnul versiebSi ki agaTangelosis uZvelesi istoria Zalian saxeSecvlili da gadakeTebuli Cans. `wmida grigoris cxovrebaSi~ CanarTis gakeTebam agaTangelosis nawarmoebis is adgili, romelSic Tratis mier Tavisi naxararebis gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb aris saubari, Sinaarsobrivad Trdats Tavisi gaumarTavi gaxda, xelqveiTebisaTvis 62 _ gasagebia, miemarTos rom aseTi sityvebiT: _ `saswrafod unda CamoxvideT CemTan!~, magram gaugebaria _ ratom, an rogor mimarTavda ase, _ mefuri brZanebis kiloTi, mezobeli saxelmwifoebis mefeebs, am SemTxvevaSi, _ qarTlis mefes; rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, qalkedonuri versiis avtori somexTa mefis gandidebas cdilobs, magram es imgvarad gamosdis, rom teqstSi maSinve mJRavndeba arabunebrioba, _ aq ar aris axsnili, Tu rogor xdeboda, rom Trdati aseTi mbrZanebluri kiloTi mimarTavda, mezobeli saxelmwifos mefes, am versiis avtori ver bedavs istoriaSi Rrmad SeWras, icis, gauWirdeba imis damtkiceba, rom imxanad romis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi myof somxeTTan qarTlis mefe raimeTi daqvemdebarebul mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda, magram radgan Zlieri cdunebis qveS imyofeba, igi mainc akeTebs CanarTs da yvelaferi Zalzed arabunebriv saxes Rebulobs, _ igi viTarebas ise xatavs, TiTqos Trdati brZanebis kiloTi elaparakeboda qarTlis mefes, _ mefes im qveynisa, romelic, yvela wyaros mixedviT, kavkasiis nebismieri qveynis mimarT, im dros sruliad damoukidebel mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda, mbrZanebluri kiloTi alaparakebs Trdats, misi amgvari moqmedebis mizezs ver xsnis da amiT uxerxul mdgomareobas qmnis, teqsts Sinaarsobrivad gaumarTavs xdis da amiT CvenTvis aSkara xdeba, romelsac rom aq sakuTari iseT gadamwerTan mefis gvaqvs gandidebis saqme, survili amoZravebs... teqstis am adgils gadamweris xeli atyvia, qarTlis mefis aq moxsenieba arabunebriv STabeWdilebas axdens. 63 axla ki CamovayaliboT daskvna: arabulsa da berZnul nawarmoebebSi SemorCenili cnobebi somxeTSi qarTlis mefis Trdatis agaTangelosis etapobrivi teqstebSi yalbi uZveles Secvlis jer Casvlis cnobaTa Sedegi dakargula gaCenila, konteqstic gamoZaxebiT razec Cans; swori Sesaxeb TandaTanobiTi, safiqrebelia, cnobebi, Semdeg rom ki arabul-berZnuli versiebis agaTangelosis uZveles migvaniSnebs... nawarmoebebSi cvlilebebis Setana zogierT SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa, gadamwerTa Secdomis Sedegi iyos, umetes SemTxvevaSi ki igi ganzrax Cans gakeTebuli. Cven ueWveli gvgonia, rom cnobebi somxeTSi qarTlis mefis Casvlis Sesaxeb `wmida Semoqmedebis grigoris nayofia; agaTangelosis uZvelesi cxovrebis~ vimeorebT qronikis gadamwerTa zemoTqmuls: Tanaxmad, somxeTSi Casula mirian mefis delegacia da ara Tavad mirian mefe, am qronikis mixedviT, qarTlis mefis pirvelmqadagebeli aris wmida nino da ara wmida grigori. axla ki, sanam qarTlis moxseniebuli lazTa mefisa da, mefesTan erTad agreTve, erTi mxriv, alanTa, xolo, meore mxriv, albanTa mefeebis Sesaxeb visaubrebdeT, oriode sityviT unda SevexoT im calkeul cvlilebebs, romlebic agaTangelosis uZvelesma cnobebma movses xorenacis `istoriaSi~ ganicada; vnaxoT, ra da rogor aris saxeSecvlili xorenacisTan. xorenaci, rogorc aRvniSneT, Cveni azriT, Tavisi `istoriis~ werisas eyrdnoba or wyaros: agaTangelosis uZveles istoriasa da ,,wmida ninos cxovrebas~. 64 `wmida ninos cxovreba~ es aris, _ Tu Tanamedrove terminebiT vityviT, avtorTa koleqtivis mier, nawili zepiri, xolo nawili, werilobiTi Txrobis Sedegad Seqmnili qronika (avtorebad unda miviCnioT: Tavad wmida nino, mirian mefe, abiaTar mRvdeli, misi asuli sidonia, mRvdeli iakobi), zepirad moTxrobilis Cawera, anu teqnikuri samuSaos Sesruleba, da, SesaZloa, agreTve, nawarmoebis salome Sedgena ujarmelsa da da redaqtireba peroJavr uvaldebuliaT sivniels12. xorenaci Tavis wyarod agaTangelosTan erTad am qarTul qronikas iyenebs da, Tu mis `istoriaSi~ agaTangelosis cnobaTa damaxinjeba xdeba, es aris Sedegi am ori Zeglis cnobaTa erTmaneTSi aRrevisa. 12 `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ sworad daTariRebas didad uwyobs xels is faqti, rom am nawarmoebSi moCans warmarTobisdroindeli Sreebi (ix. revaz siraZisa da revaz baramiZis naSromebi (siraZe 1987: 80-128; 59; baramiZe 1996: 115-119). es damoukidebeli Zegli Semdeg aris Setanili `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ (iseve, rogorc, _ aseve damoukidebeli Zegli _ `farnavazis cxovreba~ (am sakiTxebze ix. ingoroyva 1954; aleqsiZe 1984; baramiZe 1991...); Tu igi IV s-Si daiwera, unda vifiqroT, rom `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-Si saboloo saxiT. e. i. pirvel nawilTan erTad, specialistTa azriT, mogvianebiT aris gaformebuli. mkvlevarebi cdiloben, zustad gansazRvron TariRi am nawarmoebis literaturuli gaformebisa (mgalobliSvili 1988: 106-115; CxartiSvili 1987: 81-89; xoStaria-brose 1996: 30). Semdgomi literaturuli gaformebisaTvis, mkvlevarTa azriT, gamouyenebiaT vrceli dednidan amokrebili cnobebi (TayaiSvili 1890: XLVIII, Jordania 1892: XXVII-XXVIII; xoStaria-brose 1996: 50); akad. giorgi meliqiSvilis azriT, is nusxa dRevandeli redaqciisagan gansxvavebuli yofila (meliqiSvili 1959: 25-27; narkvevebi 1970: 59-60); 65 vityviT konkretulad, _ agaTangelosTan, rogorc aRvniSneT, Cans, laparaki yofila imis Sesaxeb, rom wmida grigorma qarTvelebs kerpebis dangreva da jvrebis aRmarTva SemouTvala da, movses xorenacim, radgan mas, Cans, wakiTxuli hqonda `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ is adgili, sadac konkretuli sami kerpis dangrevisa da, aseve, konkretuli aRmarTvis ifiqra, salocavis Sesaxeb rom iyo wmida konkretul kerpebsa _ saubari, grigoris jvari patiosanis rogorc savaraudoa, ,,brZaneba~ swored am da jvars Seexeboda da man viTareba ise warmoadgina, TiTqos, qarTvelebma wmida grigorTan SeTanxmebiT grigorma armazi, jvari sinamdvileSi, gaci da ga patiosanis rogorc Cans, daangries, aRmarTva TiTqos SemoTvala, agaTangelosis mixedviT, wmida grigoris `brZaneba~ sul sxva kerpebsa da jvrebs Seexeboda. arabul-berZnuli Zeglebidan viciT, rom grigori mTeli somxeTis teritoriaze angrevda kerpebs da agebda jvrebs, rom, am nawarmoebTa Tanaxmad, imaves gakeTeba urCevia qarTvelTaTvisac, e. i. misi ,,brZaneba~ sul sxva kerpebsa da jvrebs Seexeboda. arabul-berZnuli Zeglebidan viciT, rom grigori mTeli somxeTis teritoriaze angrevda kerpebs da agebda jvrebs, rom, am nawarmoebTa Tanaxmad, qarTvelTaTvisac, masStabiT mcxeTis imaves gakeTeba urCevia e. i. misi `brZaneba~ mTeli qarTlis gasakeTebel samuSaos Seexeboda konkretul sam kerpsa da da jvars... ara _ e. i. agaTangeloss armazis, gacisa da gas ngrevasa da mcxeTis jvari patiosanis aRmarTvaze ki ar daweria, aramed, Cans, 66 werda sul sxva kerpebisa da jvrebis Sesaxeb, _ kerZod, im _ mravalricxovan kerpebze, romlebic mefe mirianma mTeli qarTlis masStabiT daangria romlebic maT adgilas aRmarTa, da sanam im jvrebze, sakurTxevlian eklesiebs aaSenebdnen; kerpTa mTeli qarTlis masStabiT ngreva, cxadia, armazis gacisa da gas dangrevis Semdeg daiwyo... rac Seexeba am sam kerps, isini wmida grigoris SemoTvlis Semdeg ar dangreula, isini mirian mefes ar daungrevia, es kerpebi, rogorc Tavad moTxrobilia istoriidan viciT, wmida ninos mier wmida ninos locvis Semdeg movardnili elWeqis Sedegad daingra. im dros mefe miriani jer arc iyo moqceuli, igi jer warmarTi iyo... arc jvari patiosani aRmarTula wmida grigoris `brZanebiT~, igi, cxovrebidan~ rogorc, viciT, aseve, `wmida konstantine ninos keisris mier gamogzavnili samRvdeloebis Camosvlis Semdeg aRimarTa da mis aRmarTvaSi, wmida ninos garda, am samRvdeloebam miiRo didi monawileoba. aSkaraa, rom agaTangeloss sul sxva kerpebsa da jvrebze dauweria da ara _ mcxeTis konkretul salocavebze. aSkaraa, rom movses xorenaci agaTangelosisa da `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ cnobebs erTmaneTSi urevs, es ki mis `,istoriaSi~ araerTi faqtis damaxinjebas iwvevs... xorenacisTan erTmaneTSia jvari patiosanis aqve unda areuli aRmarTvis aRiniSnos, sveticxovlisa istoriebi. igi rom da gviambobs qarTlis pirveli qristeanuli salocavis Sesaxeb, magram aRwers ara sveticxovels, aramed, _ jvari patiosans, rac, rogorc am ambebis momswre avtorTagan viciT, pirveli 67 salocavi Semdeg ar yofila, augiaT; _ jvari qarTlSi yvela daqceula, yvela igi samRvdeloebis patiosanis SemorCenili daungreviaT; mosvlis aRmarTvis Semdeg warmarTuli rogorc taZari `wmida ninos cxovreba~ gveubneba: `da viTarca aRemarTa niSi juarisaÁ queyanasa mas qarTlisasa, meyseulad mas Jamsa daecnes yovelni kerpni~ (Zeglebi 1964 1891: 154). amrigad, xorenacisTan bevri cnoba saxeSecvlili da damaxinjebuli Cans. amasTan, aq grigor ganmanaTlebeli, wmida ninosTan SedarebiT, gandidebulia, _ viTareba isea daxatuli, TiTqos wmida ninom Tavis umTavres moZRvarTan misaRebad, maSin sruliad gagzavna roca Cveulebrivi gansakuTrebuli, meoreSi wasula, _ delegacia sinamdvileSi, ram momxdara erTi qveynis rogorc amas darigebis rogorc da Cans, araferi samefo qvemoT _ delegacia vnaxavT, _ konkretuli sakiTxis gadasawyvetad... xorenacisTan wmida grigor ganmanaTlebeli gandidebulia (Cans, igi gandidebulad iqneboda warmodgenili agaTangelosTanac), magram, miuxedavad amisa, movses xorenacis cnobebi, Tu ki maT kritikulad SeviswavliT, Zalzed saintereso da mravlis momcemia. axla rac Seexeba qarTlis mefesTan erTad moxseniebuli lazTa da, agreTve, erTi mxriv, alanTa, xolo, meore mxriv, _ albanTa mefeebs. upirvelesad moxseniebuli visaubroT alanTa mefis arabul Sesaxeb. nawarmoebSi cxadia, Cven vfiqrobT, rom adreul teqstebSi albanebze iyo saubari 68 da ara _ alanebze; am SemTxvevaSi berZnul xelnawers adreuli teqstebi davaneboT im Tanamedrove ar faqts, osTa gaqristeandnen, garemoebis daumaxinjebia. rom, i. _ azris gaTvaliswinebac agaTangeloss ise kulakovskis winapari Cveni Tund, alanebi mixedviT, 912 wels gasamarTleblad erTi sakmarisia: moeTxro Tavi grigor SeuZlebelia, ganmanaTleblis istoria, rom ar exsenebina somxeTis uSualo mezobeli _ albaneTi, xolo is faqti, rom arabul versiaSi saerTod ar aris naxsenebi sityva _ albaneTi, aixsneba, rom aq adreuli Cveni azriT, imiT redaqciebis `albania~ `alaniiTaa~ Secvlili. berZnuli teqstisagan gansxvavebiT, arabul xelnawerSi sityva _ alania, rogorc es miaCnda akad. iv. javaxiSvils, albaniis sinonimad ar ixmareba, rogorc es xSirad xdeba xolme; imitom fiqrobda, vnaxeT, durZukeTia akad. rom iv. javaxiSvili teqstSi, naxsenebi. rogorc magram amgvarad zemoT sityva ukve d-r-z-qiāt, rogorc amas, Cveni azriT, savsebiT marTebulad fiqrobs prof. Jerar gariti, l-z-q-iāt-is damaxinjebuli formaa (gariti 1946: 222), da, Tu es asea, Tu winare teqstSi lazikeTze iyo saubari, maSin unda miviCnioT, rom im teqstSi sityva _ alania somxeTis uSualo mezobeli qveynis _ albaneTis sinonimad ixmareboda... arabul- berZnul ZeglebSi yovelTvis calke aris gamoyofili sami mefe, an sami qveyana, maT Soris erT-erTi yovelTvis lazTa mefea, an lazTa qveyana; 69 qveynebis xsenebisas mxolod erT adgilas, lazTa qveynis nacvlad, durZukeTia naxsenebi; ueWvelia, rom arabuli teqstis winare xelnaweris xsenebul adgilas, aseve, lazikeTi iyo naxsenebi da xelnawerSi, Cans, arabuli ara arabulenovan ‫( ل قي‬l-z-q-iāt); dRes SemorCenili ewera teqstis durZukeTi; avtorma, rogorc safiqrebelia, gadawerisas Secdoma dauSva, _ sityvis dasawyisSi aso ‫ل‬ (lām) amoikiTxa rogorc ‫( د‬dāl), Cans, ifiqra, rom teqstSi ‫قي‬ ewera gaugebari sityva _ ‫قي‬ igi (d-r-z-qiāt(-iT safiqrebelia, rom (d-z-qiāt) da gadawerisas (durZukeTi) SemorCenili arabuli Secvala; xelnaweris winare, _ aseve, arabulenovan redaqciaSi, durZukeTis nacvlad lazikeTi iyo naxsenebi da, Tu es asea, maSin cxadia isic, rom im redaqciaSi sityva `alania~ `albaniis~ sinonimi yofila... amrigad, versiebis rogorc winare arabul-berZnuli irkveva, winare redaqciebSi albanTa mefis Sesaxeb, albanTa qveyanaze unda yofiliyo saubari. axla marTalia vimsjeloT cnoba, im sakiTxze, TiTqos, qarTlis Tu ramdenad mefesTan erTad somxeTSi albaneTisa da lazikeTis mefeebic Cavidnen; SeiZleba Tu ara, miviCnioT, rom adreul teqstebSi raime ewera amis Sesaxeb? upirvelesad davukvirdeT erT garemoebas, teqstebSi, am adgilas, sadac Trdatis mier werilebis miweris Sesaxeb aris laparaki, 70 ar aris naxsenebi lazikeTis mefe, Semdeg ki naTqvamia, rom `rogorc ki Cavida werilebi, mivida masTan sami mefe~... berZnul teqstSic sami mefis Casvlazea laparaki, _ konteqstidan aSkarad Cans, rom mefesTan da avtorebi lazikis mefesac sxva or somxeTis Teqvsmet naxararTan erTad Trdatis werilis safuZvelze Casulad warmogviCenen, _ aq ar aris laparaki lazikis mefisagan gamoCenil raime pirad iniciativaze _ Casuliyo somxeTSi, piradi iniciativa rom yofiliyo, maSin amis Sesaxeb odnav mainc gamokveTilad raime iqneboda naTqvami teqstebSi, nawarmoebTa konteqsti Zalzed martivia: Trdatma miswera werilebi Tavis naxararebs da mefeebs da werilebis miRebis umal Cavida masTan es sami mefe da Teqvsmeti naxarari, _ aSkarad igrZnoba, rom teqstebSi, rogorc Cans, winare xelwerilidan gamorCenis gamo, werilebis gagzavnis adgilas gamorCenilia lazikis mefis saxeli... adre iqidanac rom lazikis Cans, rom mefe naxsenebi winadadebaSi yofila, jer es `werilebia~ naxsenebi, xolo Semdeg _ `werili~ (,,werilebi qarTlis mefesTan, werili alanebis mefesTan~); pirvel adgilas weria sityva `werilebi~ imitom, rom adreuli teqstebis am adgilas, Cans, naTqvami iyo, moxseniebuli iyo lazikis mefec da rom Trdatma `werilebi~ gaugzavna qarTlisa da lazikis mefeebs, Semdeg ki aRniSnuli iyo, rom Trdatma rogorc albanebis safiqrebelia, gamorCeniaT teqstidan werili lazikis gadmosula winare mefis teqstSi saxeli, sityva 71 mefesac magram `werilebi~, gaugzavna; gadawerisas am rac winare imaze metyvelebs, rom lazikis mefec Trdatis werilis safuZvelze Casulad iyo winare teqstebSi warmoCenili... nawarmoebTa konteqstze dakvirveba sworad amas gvafiqrebinebs. sxva SemTxvevaSi unda vifiqroT, TiTqos, avtorebs surdeT, gviTxran _ Trdatma qarTlis mefes erTi ki ara, aramed ramdenime werili gaugzavna, xolo lazikis mefe Trdats werilis miuReblad, _ piradi iniciativiT eaxlao, magram hqonodaT, yovelives amgvari ufro saTqmeli cxadad da rom gasagebad ityodnen; _ ara, am adgilebSi, erT SemTxvevaSi lazikis mefis mouxseniebloba, xolo meoreSi sityva ,,werilebis~ xmareba teqstebis naklulovanebaze metyvelebs da ara _ imaze, TiTqos pirad iniciativasa werilis avtorebs da gagzavnaze ganmanaTleblis lazikis qarTlis undodeT cxovrebas~ mefisagan gamoCenil mefesTan ramdenime saubari (`grigor gadawerisas bevrs rom aklebdnen xolme, es, Tundac, iqidan Cans, rom arabuli xelnaweris avtors sityva malik (mefe), rogorc zemoT ukve vnaxeT, gadawerisas gamorCenia da mere miumatebia). teqstebi aSkarad nakluli Cans da swored amitom akad. niko mars arabul teqstSi winadadeba ase aRudgenia: `werilebi [afxazebis mefesTan] da qarTlis mefesTan, werili alanebis mefesTan~. amrigad, Cveni azriT, xelnawerTa konteqsti aSkarad migvaniSnebs, romeliRac gagzavnasTan rom winare arabul-berZnuli teqstSi dakavSirebuli Trdatis xelnawerebis mier winadadeba werilebis swored ise JRerda, rogorc es arabul xelnawerSi akad. niko marma 72 aRadgina, _ im gansxvavebiT, rom adreul teqstebSi am adgilasac da xelisufali yvelgan lazTa dasavleTi mefis saqarTvelos saxeliT iqneboda moxseniebuli da alanTa nacvlad albanebze iqneboda saubari, rogorc es berZnul teqstSia (radgan CasulTa Soris pirvelad lazTa mefea moxseniebuli, safiqrebelia, rom, im winadadebaSi, romelSic werilebis gagzavnazea laparaki, pirvelad, aseve, lazTa mefe iqneboda naxsenebi). axla davukvirdeT Semdeg garemoebas: Cven zemoT aRvniSnavdiT, rom arabul-berZnul versiebSi arabunebriv STabeWdilebas tovebs is adgili, sadac Trdati qarTlis mefes erTgvarad `saswrafod unda mbrZanebluri CamoxvideT kiloTi CemTan!~, _ mimarTavs: igives Tqma SeiZleba albaneTis da, miT umetes, lazikis mefeebzec, _ SeuZlebelia, miemarTos. rom Cven Trdats gvgonia, istoria am SemTxvevaSic rom maTTvis aseTi kiloTi agaTangelosis uZvelesi damaxinjebulia da Semdeg aris gaCenili cnoba somxeTSi ara mxolod qarTlis, aramed, lazikis da alanebis (albanebis) mefeTa Casvlis Sesaxebac. davukvirdeT yvela im winadadebas, sadac lazikis, qarTlisa da alaniis (albaniis) mefeTa Sesaxeb aris moTxrobili; mogvyavs: citatebi `werilebi arabuli qarTlis teqstis mefesTan Targmanidan da werili alanebis mefesTan~, ,,roca Cavida werilebi, mivida masTan sami mefe: mefe afxazTa, mefe qarTlisa, mefe alanebisa, maTTan erTad jgufi mTavrebisa~, 73 ,,ubrZanebda maT, vgulisxmob mefeebsa da yvela darbaisels, eSenebinaT sakurTxevlebis gareSe~, eklesiebi `Tirdatma, roca gaigo, rom wmida grigoriusi ukve Camovida, wamoiyvana Tavisi coli asSina13, daÁ kusarudukta14, erisTavTa mTavari, mefe alanebisa, mefe qarTlisa, Tavisi `idga wmida grigoriusi mdinaris piras masTan erTad da gamgeblebi~, Txroba yvelgan moTxrobili sameulis romelime da sami mefe _ rogorc vxedavT, aq Sesaxebaa, mefeze mTavrebi~, arsad calke, ar aris arc erTi mefe arsad marto ar gvxvdeba, aq daxatulia erTi, ganuyreli sameuli, romelic momentalurad asrulebs Trdatis nebismier brZanebas... asea rogorc arabul, ise _ berZnul versiaSi; cxadia, am SemTxvevaSi Zneli ar aris erTi garemoebis gaTvaliswineba: _ rom yofiliyo teqstebSi mefeebTan dakavSirebiT istoriuli ambebi moTxrobili, gana yovelive amgvarad, aseTi ararealuri saxiT iqneboda warmodgenili? mefeebi ganuyrelad, sul erTad dadian, Trdatis brZanebisTanave es sameuli maSinve cxaddeba masTan da samiveni maSinve asruleben mis nebismier brZanebas, _ gana odnav mainc hgavs realurad momxdar ambavs, rac aq aris daxatuli? garda imisa, rom sakiTxis istoriografiuli absoluturad aspeqtidan daujerebelia, ganWvretis rom wmida SemTxvevaSi, grigoris xelTagan somxeTidan daSorebuli da da politikurad misgan absoliturad damoukidebeli qveynis _ lazikis patrikioss 13 14 mieRo naTloba, ‫( اسشي‬aSxeni), ‫( قسر قطة‬xosrovaduxti), 74 cnobaTa zRaprulobas am ganuyreli sameulis dakavSirebiT teqstebSi literaturaSi ewodos faqti da aaSkaravebs... aSkarad mwerliseuli ara ikveTeba Txzvis JamTaaRmwerlis mefesTan is, faqti mier rasac SeiZleba moTxrobili namdvili ambebi. uklebliv yvela winadadeba, romelic ki albaneTis, qarTlisa da lazikis mefeebs Seexeba, sworad oden literaturuli Txzvis faqtia da es araa istoriul garemoebaSi momxdari faqtebis realuri aradamajereblad ambebis aRwera, gadmocema amas cxadyofs; xsenebuli cnobebis avtors amoZravebs erTi umTavresi survili, _ rogorme gvacnobos, rom wmida grigorma albaneTis, qarTlisa da lazikis mefeebic monaTla da imas ki aRar ukvirdeba, damajereblad mogviTxro es ambebi Tu _ ara... am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT yuradRebas iqcevs kidev dakvirveba erTi garemoeba: cxadyofs, winadadebebTan rom teqstebis araerT mimarTebaSi stilze SemTxvevaSi gamokveTilad sxva da gamorCeulad Cans da Semdeg minaweris STabeWdilebas tovebs is Seexeba, _ enasTan winadadebebi, arabuli da dakavSirebiT berZnuli enis romlebic berZnuli Cven am specialistebs) mefeTa sameuls enisaTvis (berZnul sakiTxze gramatikuli vesaubreT normebis darRveva ar xdeba, magram stilze dakvirveba aaSkaravebs Semdeg minawer winadadebebs. kidev erTxel davukvirdeT arabuli teqstis im adgils, sadac Trdatis mier sxva mefeTa gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb aris laparaki (Targmani am SemTxvevaSi sityva-sityviTia): 75 ,,brZana, rom gamocxadebuliyvnen Tavisi samefos mwerlebi da uTxra maT, rom mieweraT werilebi Tavisi saxelmwifos mTeli xalxisaTvis, raTa gamocxadebuliyvnen darbaiselni, gamgeblebi, mmarTvelebi winamZRolebi, mefesTan qalaq valarsapatSi, werilebi qarTlis mefesTan da alanebis mefesTan. auxsna gardaxdaT da werilebSi uTxra: _ yovelive, amitom rac Tavs saswrafod unda CamoxvideT CemTan, roca Cavida werilebi, mivida masTan sami mefe: mefe afxazTa, mefe qarTlisa, mefe alanebisa, maTTan erTad jgufi mTavrebisa~... mkiTxveli dakvirvebis SemTxvevaSi advilad SeamCnevs, rom aq ara mxolod qarTlis mefis Sesaxebaa CanarTi cnoba, aramed mTeli is winadadebaa Camatebuli, romelSic mefeTa gamoZaxebazea laparaki, qarTlis _ aq aSkarad ikveTeba winadadeba: `werilebi mefesTan da werili alanebis mefesTan~ (arqetipi am winadadebisa, rogorc aRvniSneT, Cans, aseTi iyo: `werilebi qarTlis mefesTan da werili alanebis mefesTan~, _ mTliania, es winadadeba, Sekrulia, Tavis magram sxva mxriv, erTiania, winadadebebTan mimarTebaSi amovardnilia saerTo wyobidan da maTTan Txrobis Tanmimdevruli stiliT ar aris dakavSirebuli; es winadadeba teqstis am moCans, igi rom bunebriv amoviRoT saxes adgilas aSkarad zedmetad miiRebs, teqstidan, _ maSin Trdatma yovelive gadawyvita gaqristeaneba da werilebi miswera Tavis naxararebs: _ saswrafod CamodiTo; roca Cavida werilebi, yvela naxarari gamocxadda maTTan, _ aq sami mefis xseneba aSkarad zedmetia da azianebs teqsts Sinaarsobrivad da 76 stilisturad... berZnuli teqsti am SemTxvevaSi Zalian axloa arabulTan da teqstze dakvirveba igive daskvnebis gakeTebis saSualebas iZleva... amrigad, gamoZaxebul Cven gvgonia, rom Trdatis mier naxararebs Soris, qarTlis mefis msgavsad, ar yofilan arc albaneTis da arc lazikis mefeebi. cnobebi Trdatis weriliT maTi gamoZaxebis Taobaze agaTangelosis uZvelesi teqstis Semdgomi gadamwerebis Semoqmedebis nayofi unda iyos. Cveni azriT, arabul teqstze dakvirveba SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs, ufro davazustoT, Tu rogori iyo agaTangelosis uZvelesi teqsti da rogori cvlilebebi ganicada man. arabul versiaSi, mas Semdeg, rac moTxrobilia naxararebTan Trdat mefis saubris, xolo Semdeg _ somxeTSi warmarTul taZarTa ngrevis dawyebis Sesaxeb, mas Semdeg, rac naTqvamia, rom somxeTis qalaq `valarsapatSi~ warmarTuli taZrebi, da mere rogorc k-sat-n-Si vnaxeT, daangries naTqvamia, rom `aseve moiqcnen, agreTve, lazebis, qarTlisa da alanebis miwaze da Seiqmna yoveli mefe erTi azrisa~... Semdeg naCvenebia, rom grigori brZanebda jvrebis agebas, rom mefeebs ubrZanebda, maTac, sanam samRvdeloebas miiRebdnen, TavianT qveynebSi jvrebi aegoT... xorenacisTan, rogorc vnaxeT, moCans agaTangelosis uZvelesi nawarmoebis kvali; xorenancisTan Cven vxedavT, rom, roca wmida grigorma qarTvelTa delegacia miiRo, im dros somxeTSi ukve dangreuli iyo warmarTuli taZrebi, an dawyebuli iyo maTi ngrevis procesi; Tu ki 77 marTalia Cveni nawarmoebSi varaudi marTla da ewera agaTangelosis raime uZveles somex-qarTvelTa Sexvedris Sesaxeb, Tu ki marTla iyo iq moTxrobili wmida grigor-Trdatisa da qarTlis samefo delegaciis urTierTSexvedraze, maSin unda miviCnioT, rom im nawarmoebSi cnoba somex-qarTvelTa Sexvedris Sesaxeb somxeTSi warmarTuli taZrebis dangrevis cnobis Semdeg iyo motanili, Cans, jer ewera imis Sesaxeb, rom somxeTSi wmida grigorma warmarTuli taZrebi daangria da maT adgilas aago jvrebi, Semdeg ki naTqvami iyo, rom wmida `nunesa~ da `mihranis~ mier somxeTSi gagzavnil `sando kacebs~ wmida grigorma igives gakeTeba urCia, ubrZana, rom maTac daengriaT kerpebi da aegoT jvrebi... roca SemorCenil arabul xelnawers vukvirdebiT, gveCveneba, rom agaTangelosis vaRarSapatsa da uZveles Semdeg ki teqstSi swored `k-sat-n~-Si qalaq sakerpoebis dangrevis cnobis Semdeg ewera imis Sesaxeb, rom wmida grigorma da mefe Trdatma qarTlidan miiRes qarTlis mefisa da wmida `nunes~ `sando kacebi~, rom maTi SuamavlobiT wmida grigorma wmida `nunes~ SemouTvala, somexTa darad qarTlSic daengriaT warmarTuli taZrebi da samRvdeloebis mosvlamde jvrebi aegoT. amis Semdeg ki, rogorc Cans, naCvenebi iyo, rom qarTvelebma miiRes wmida grigoris Seudgnen aRasrules rCeva warmarTul grigoris da TavianT taZarTa qveyanaSi ngrevas, `brZaneba~... Cven rom marTlac saqmiT gvgonia, rom sityvebi: `aseve moiqcnen, agreTve, lazebis, qarTlisa da alanebis miwaze da Seiqmna yoveli mefe erTi azrisa~, 78 albaT, mcireodeni nawarmoebidan cvlilebebiT, momdinareobs, _ swored amaze, uZvelesi Tundac, is metyvelebs, rom arabuli teqstis am adgilas dasavleTi saqarTvelo Zveli, me-4 s-is droindeli saxelwodebiTaa moxseniebuli. teqstSi taZris Cveni azriT, swored somxeTis dangrevis cnobas samefo delegaciisa qarTvelTaTvis agaTangelosis qalaq k-sat-n-Si mohyveboda da artemides ambavi grigor-Trdatis warmarTul uZveles taZarTa qarTlis Sexvedris, ngrevisa da maT adgilas jvrebis aRmarTvis rCevis Sesaxeb da, rogorc arabuli teqsti migvaniSnebs, aq laparaki iyo ara mxolod qarTli-somxeTis, aramed, _ albaneTis, qarTlis, lazikisa da somxeTis xelisufalTa Soris momxdari SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb; moTxrobili iyo imis Taobaze, rom, sanam romelime gaxdebodnen taZrebs qveynidan qristeaneni, da aRmarTavdnen. mRvdlebs moiwvevdnen, daangrevdnen warmarTul samRvdeloebis uZvelesi teqstis mosvlamde jvrebs Semdgomi drois gadamwerebma, rogorc aRvniSneT, Cans, cnobebi nel-nela Secvales; safiqrebelia, rom, daikarga zusti cnobebi ara mxolod qarTlis mqadageblisa da maTi mefis, aramed, _ albaneTisa da lazikis mqadagebelTa Tu mefeTa Sesaxebac; SemorCa cnoba mxolod imis Taobaze, rom am qveyanaTa xelisufalni Seikribnen da SeTanxmdnen kerpTa taZrebis ngrevasa da jvrebis aRmarTvaze. Semdgom Cans, rom, erT-erTma gadamwerma, _ iman, vinc qarTlis mefe somxeTSi Casulad warmogvisaxa, somxeTSi Casulebad warmogvisaxa albaneTisa da, agreTve, lazikis mefeebic, 79 amisaTvis sakmarisi iqneboda raime cnoba imis Taobaze, rom qarTlsa da somxeTTan erTad SeTanxmebaSi lazikisa da albaneTis xelisuflebamac miiRo monawileoba, umciresi niuansic ki miscemda imis sababs, rom somxeTSi Casulebad lazikis sruliad warmoesaxa da ara albaneTis axali mxolod mefeebic. istoria qarTlis, yovelive mogvca, _ aramed, aman viTareba ki ise warmoCnda, TiTqos Trdat mefis daZaxebaze, rogorc misi qveSevrdomebi, albaneTisa da TviT lazikis mefeebic ki cxaddebodnen xolme, lazikis mefec ki Trdatze damokidebul xelisufalad warmogviCina gadamwerma, risi dajerebac sruliad SeuZlebelia misTvis, vinc IVs-is kavkasiis istorias gayalbebuli odnav mainc icnobs. istoriis aSkaraa, Semqmnelma rom naxararebis gamoZaxebis epizodSi CarTo cnoba ara mxolod qarTlis mefis, aramed albaneTisa da lazikis mefeTa Casvlis Sesaxebac. rac Seexeba sameulis Sesaxeb momdevno CanarTebis gakeTebas, es yalbi istoriis SemqmnelTaTvis ukve advili saqme iyo, _ Tu man erTxel SeZlo mkiTxvelis imaSi darwmuneba, rom samma mefem Tavis mociqulad grigor ganmanaTlebeli aRiara, rom samivem dado aRTqma, _ esmina misi qadagebebi, mtkicebasac, Semdeg rom ukve albaneTisa, advilad SeZlebda qarTlisa da imis lazikis mefeebi SemdgomSi marTla Sexvdnen wmida grigors da naTelic misgan iRes. yalbi istoriis SemqmnelTaTvis Zneli gasakeTebeli ukve aRar iyo, sameuli moexsenebina jer im adgilas, sadac somxeTSi 80 wmida grigoris dabrunebazea laparaki, viTareba ise warmoeCina, TiTqos, Trdats wmida grigorTan Sesagebeblad Tan wamoeyvanos sami mefe, _ isini, vinc, viTomc, piroba dades, _ wmida grigori eRiarebinaT TavianT umTavres moZRvrad (arabul teqstSi am adgilas, erT-erT mefed alanTa da qarTlis xelisufalTa Soris dasaxelebulia ‫ال‬ _ ‫مك‬ (malik al-r-v-s); (r-v-s) Cven gavaxmovaneT rogorc ru’ s da, rogorc zemoT vTargmneT ukve rogorc aRvniSneT, `erisTavTa sityvebi mTavari~... qarTulad n. mars es sityvebi esmoda rogorc _ rusTa mefe _ `Ца ь Ру ов~ (mari 1905: 133), javaxiSvils rac am mraval sakiTxze gaugebrobas msjelobisas badebda. `rusTa iv. mefis~ xsenebis Semdeg kiTxvis niSani dausvams (javaxiSvili 1979: 229); cxadia, aq rusebze ar aris laparaki. sityva (r-v-s)-Si, rom, _ -is Tavze, Cveni azriT, sruliad ueWvelia, igulisxmeba sityva _ rogorc _ niSani _ ‫ء‬ (hamza), amitom teqstSi (r-v-s), vfiqrobT, rom, unda gavaxmovanoT ‫ؤ‬ (ru’ s) da ara rogorc _ ‫ُو‬ (r s), rac qarTulad niSnavs `mTavrebs~, an `erisTavebs~ da ara _ rusebs. gaugebroba gamoiwvia iman, rom klasikur arabul enaSi sityva ori ‫أ‬ (mTavari) mravlobiT ricxvSi umetesad -iT gvxvdeba, magram aris SemTxvevebi, roca es sityva erTi -iT aris warmodgenili (margvelaSvili 1984: 13; wereTeli 1951: 78); Jerar garitis marTebuli SeniSvniT, arabuli xelnaweris ‫( م ك ال‬malik al-r-v-s) 81 ‫( م ك ال‬malik _ al-laz na lazTa mefe)-is damaxinjebul formas warmoadgens (gariti 1946: 222). rogorc Cans, SemorCenil arabul teqstSi sityva malik al-r-v-s adreul, aseve, arabul teqstSi arsebuli malik al-laz na arasworad wakiTxvis Sedegad aris gaCenili; imis gamo, rom arabuli SriftiT dawerili Zalian es sityvebi daemsgavsos arabuladve gadamwerma lazTa am ‫م ك ال ؤ‬ tituliT amitom mefe teqstSi mTavari~)... zogjer, SesaZloa, erTmaneTs, arabuli teqstis ‫( م ك ال‬malik al-laz na)-s nacvlad ‫( م ك ال‬malik al-r-v-s), Cans, ivarauda, SecdomiT amoikiTxa rom xelnawerSi SemTxvevaSi Tavisi oficialuri (malik al-ru’ s) iyo moxseniebuli da daamkvidra Kkavkasiis sityvebi qveyanaTa _ `erisTavTa moqcevis Sesaxeb gayalbebuli istoriis SemqmnelisaTvis zemoT teqstSi `moxerxebulad~ gakeTebuli Semdeg SesaZlebeli advilad cvlilebebis gaxdeboda, moxdenis rom wmida grigoris mowafeebad warmoCenili sami mefe naTlobis epizodSic moexsenebina: `idga wmida grigoriusi mdinaris piras da sami mefe masTan erTad da Tavisi mTavrebi~... arabuli Zeglidan moxmobil am da sxva adgilebSi sami mefis Semoyvana, rogorc zemoT ukve gamoCnda, Zalzed ararealur STabeWdilebas axdens, am mefeTa qmedebaSi, ganuyrelad erTad siarulsa da erTTavad Trdatis TanxlebaSi realurobis niSani ar Cans, amasTan, unda aRiniSnos, rom isini, rogorc pirovnebebi, Zalzed sqematurad da usicocxlod arian daxatulni, _ ufro sworad, maTi pirovnebebi saerTod ar aris warmoCenili; 82 arabul da berZnul nawarmoebSi sxva pirebi sakmaod cocxlad arian warmodgenilni, _ naCvenebia maTi xasiaTis sxvadasxva mxare, am sami mefis pirovnebebi ki saerTod ar aris daxatuli, _ aSkaraa, rom sami mefis Sesaxeb istoriis SemTxzvels Tavis winare xelnawerSi araferi aqvs wakiTxuli maTze, ar icnobs maTi xasiaTis dadebiT an uaryofiT mxareebs, saerTod ar icnobs maT pirovnebebs da ar SeuZlia maTi pirovnuli portretis daxatva, amitom wers mxolod sqematuri, ararealuri sameulis Sesaxeb da amiT kmayofildeba. amrigad CamovayaliboT winamdebare Tavis saboloo daskvnaa: cnobebi vfiqrobT, somxeTSi rom sami arabul-berZnuli mefis Casvlisa da versiebis iq wmida grigoris mier maTi naTlobis Sesaxeb ar aris swori da isini agaTangelosis uZvelesi teqstis Semdgomi drois literaturuli istoriul gadamuSavebis WeSmaritebasTan Suasaukuneebis Sedegia. araferi literaturuli am cnobebs aqvs saerTo. tradicia, rogorc es specialistebis mier ukve gamokvleulia, xSirad iyenebda erTsa da imave siuJets da moulodnelobebis efeqtisagan Tavs maqsimalurad ikavebda (lixaCovi 1963: 55...), magram imisi saSualeba ki xSirad eqmnebodaT, rom nawarmoebSi, moulodneli mxatvruli `mcire~ cvlilebebi axali `istoriis~ ganmanaTleblis efeqti moexdinaT, Seqmnis ara, magram, rac momavalSi safuZvels cxovrebis qmnida. arabul-berZnul swored am safuZvlis Seqmnis niSnebi Cans. 83 siuJetis qmnida grigor versiebSi CanarTebis gakeTebis mizezi konfesiuri xasiaTisa Cans. rogorc safiqrebelia, CanarTebis avtors surs, warmoaCinos, rom wmida grigori diofizitur qveynebTan dakavSirebuli pirovneba iyo da amiT sacnauri gaxados, rom igi swored iseT qristeanobas qadagebda, romelsac SemdgomSi qalkedonuri ewoda; CanarTebis avtori qarTvel-somexTa sarwmunoebrivi ganxeTqilebis periodSi moRvawe qalkedoneli somexi Cans; vfiqrobT, arabul da berZnul versiebSi marTlac qalkedoneli somexis moRvaweobis anarelkia Semonaxuli; Cveni azriT, savsebiT marTebulad xedavda arabul versiaSi akad. n. mari qalkedoneli somexis moRvaweobis kvals, oRond, Cveni SexedulebiT, es qalkedoneli mxolod imiT ki ar dakmayofilebula, rom Trdati, sxva mefeebTan SedarebiT, ganudidebia, CaurTavs aramed, vfiqrobT, agaTangelosis mas yalbi nawarmoebSi... am cnobebi gadamwers qalkedonelebisaTvis `sasikeTo saqme~ gaukeTebia imiT, rom wmida grigori SemdgomSi qalkedonurad wodebuli sarwmunoebis mqadageblad warmouCenia, magram, amave dros, Secdila, rom qarTuli eklesia Tavisi istoriis dasawyisSi somxurze moqmedebiT, rogorc ikmayofilebda damokidebulad Cans, da, pirad warmoeCina. am pativmoyvareobasac amavdroulad, Soreuli momavlisTvisac qmnida yalb safuZvels, raTa, Tu amisi saSualeba Seiqmneboda, somxeTi kavkasiaSi tonis mimcem qveynad warmoCeniliyo. am SemTxvevaSi es unda mizezi agaTangelosis nawarmoebis gadakeTebisa. 84 iyos Tavi meoTxe ibirbzxua (irenarxe), sofroni da Toma, _ maTi grigor berZnuli vinaobis sakiTxi ganmanaTleblis versiebis grigors kavkasiis mixedviT, sam cxovrebis rogorc qveyanaSi sami arabul- vnaxeT wmida saeklesio piri gaugzavnia (adreul teqstebSi mesame piris albaniaSi gagzavnaze rom iqneboda saubari da ara alaniaze, es albaT mtkicebas aRar saWiroebs). unda gavarkvioT, vin arian am qveynebSi gagzavnili pirovnebebi da ra evaleba maT; vin arian ibirbzxua Tu irenarxosi, sofroni da Toma? upirvelesad pirovnebis visaubroT Sesaxeb, jer qarTlSi vnaxoT, ra gagzavnili erqva mas sinamdvileSi, _ ibirbzxua Tu irenarxosi? misi saxeli, cxadia, iyo irenarxosi da ara _ ibirbzxua Tu raime _ msgavsi. Jerar gariti `ibirbzxuas~ irenarxes damaxinjebul formad miiCnevs da igi sruliad marTalia. arabuladve forma `ibirbzxua~ gadamweris aris Secdomis arabuli Sedegi. teqstis viTareba SemdegSia: arabuli grafemebi: sityvis TavSi mdgomi bā (‫)بـ‬ da yā’ (‫)يـ‬, bā (‫ )ب‬da n n (‫)ن‬, zayn (‫ )ز‬da rā’ (‫ )ر‬erTnairi moxazulobisaa (gansxvavebulia mxolod sityvis boloSi da calke mdgomi yā’...), maT erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs mxolod wertilTa raodenoba an _ ganlageba; rogorc 85 Cans, arabuli teqstis arabuladve gadamwers wertilebi erTmaneTSi aeria, amasTan, man sityvis dasawyisSi mdgomi alifis momdevno bgerad bā warmoidgina, amitom winare arabul xelnawerebSi arsebuli ‫اي ن ح ا‬ (airnarxu, airinarxua...)-s nacvlad amoikiTxa aseTi sityva _ ‫ابيربزحوا‬, romelic, sxva formebTan erTad, SeiZleba wakiTxuli iqnas formiT _ ibirbzxua da man xsenebuli sityva ase daamkvidra teqstSi. sxvadasxvagvarad imisa, rom yovelive aman ki sityvis wakiTxvis cdunebac warmoSva: garda `ibirbzxua~, SesaZloa, gavigoT rogorc iberTa Svili (`ibereb skua~) (akad. n. maris wakiTxva), aq SegviZlia, agreTve, wavikiTxoT sxvadasxva saxeli da gvari: ibir, ubir, an iber bazaxua, bazaxva, baZaxua, an Tundac _ baZaRua... asociacias iwvevs, magram ueWvelia, rom irenarxe, irenarxosi, berZnuli am saxelia `ibirbzxua~ vimeorebT, pirovnebis rac da, `iber _ namdvili sakmaod amasTan, abazxis~ sruliad saxeli iyo gavrcelebuli saeklesio pirisaTvis Sesaferisia. axla ki imis Sesaxeb, _ qarTlSi gamoagzavna wmida grigorma irenarxe, Tu _ ara da, Tu qarTlSi gamoagzavna, ra unda yofiliyo am ukanasknelis mizani? arabuli grigoriusma, versiiT, romelic rogorc mTeli vnaxeT, somxeTis _ `wminda kaTolikosi gaxda, moamzada episkoposebi da agzavnida maT somxeTis mraval miwaze, da qarTlSi, durZukeTis qveyanaSi, alanebTan. moiyvana erTi qarTveli kaci, vinc masTan 86 erTad sebastiidan Camovida, saxelad ibirbzxua, gaxada mitropolitad da gagzavna, raTa mas mTel qarTlSi daedgina episkoposebi. igi iyo kargi qcevis, keTili~... berZnuli versiiT: episkoposebi da wyalze mTel da `wminda daagzavna didi qveyanaze, grigolma armeniis agreTve akurTxa mTel miwa- moZRvrebic, da sebastielTa qveynidan irenarxe saxeliT, mRvdeli da winamZRvari. es irenarxe iyo kaci metad saTno sqemiT da saqebi moqalaqeobiT, hqonda didi gamocdileba saRvTo werilSi, is ormoc mowameTa wminda neStTa mopovebis dros diakvnad iyo sebastiis maSindeli episkoposisa, iyo kaci Semkuli WaRariT~... rogorc vnaxeT, berZnuli versia, arabulisagan gansxvavebiT, arafers ambobs imis Sesaxeb, rom irenarxe qarTlSi gaemgzavra; arc imas gvamcnobs, rom mas episkoposebis dadgena evaleboda. prof. h. barTikians berZnuli versiis es adgili, akad. s. yauxCiSvilisagan gansxvavebiT, Seucvlia da teqsti axal somxurze ase uTargmnia somxuridan grigolma (mogvyavs nino Sesrulebuli episkoposebi afciauris qarTuli daadgina mier axali Targmani): da gagzavna `wm. didi somxeTis yvela mxares, sebastielTa qveyanaSi gagzavna irenarxosi, mRvdeli da winamZRvari (afciauri 1987: 34)... e. i. h. barTikianis mier teqstSi isea gagebuli, TiTqos irenarxe sebastiaSi wasuliyos; magram teqstis amgvarad gageba, Cveni azriT, ar unda iyos swori. wmida grigorma mRvdlebi sebastiaSi sebastiidan rad Camoiyvana gagzavnida. 87 is da irenarxoss faqti, rom isev berZnul versiaSi qarTli ar aris naxsenebi, Cveni varaudiT, bevrs arafers niSnavs. Cveni azriT, berZnuli teqsti ubralod naklulia, winare teqstebidan gamotovebulia zustad is winadadeba, romlidanac Cans, rom es pirovneba qarTlSi aris gagzavnili. arabul teqstSi, roca, `ibirbzxuas~ wmida grigoris mier gagzavnazea laparaki, iseve, rogorc berZnul xelnawerSi, araferia naTqvami imis Sesaxeb, Tu konkretulad sad gagzavna grigorma `ibirbzxua~, magram Semdgom winadadebaSi vkiTxulobT, rom igi qarTlis episkoposTa dasadgenad gaugzavnia da swored aqedan xdeba cxadi, rom es pirovneba grigors qarTlSi gaugzavnia. berZnuli teqstidan, rogorc Cans, amouRiaT is fraza, romelSic episkoposTa dadgenazea cnoba da romelic arabul teqstSi SemorCenila (Tu ratom moiqcnen ase, am sakiTxis garkvevas qvemoT vecdebiT), samagierod, gadmoutaniaT is winadadeba, romelSic wmida grigoris mier irenarxosis gagzavnaze aris saubari. episkoposTa dadginebis Sesaxeb winadadebis amoRebam ki erTbaSad, TiTqos, gaugebari gaxada, Tu sad gagzavna wmida grigorma irenarxosi. xsenebuli pirovneba rom qarTlSi gamoemgzavra, es, Cveni azriT, araviTar eWvs ar unda iwvevdes; yovelive rom marTlac amgvaradaa, es sruliad cxadi xdeba teqstebSi, rogorc araerTgzis calke, gamokveTilad Semdegi aris garemoebidanac: aRvniSneT, moxseniebuli yovelTvis sami qveyana: qarTli, lazika da albaneTi, an am sami qveynis sami mefe, nawarmoebebSi, aseve, calkea gamoyofili sami samRvdelo piri, romelic sam qveyanasTan aris dakavSirebuli; aqedan 88 oris _ sofronis da Tomas Sesaxeb sruliad cxadad aris naTqvami, gaemgzavrnen, rom cxadia, dakavSirebuli, gviCvenebs isini rom mesame qarTlSi arabuli gamomdinareobs lazikasa da piri qarTlTan gamoagzavnes. Zegli berZnuli da albaneTSi amas cxadad aseTive teqstidan. iyo azri Cveni azriT, sruliad zedmetia imaSi eWvis Setana, rom irenarxosi qarTlSi gamoagzavnes, rom mas qarTlTan dakavSirebiT hqonda Sesasrulebeli romeliRac movaleoba. axla ki SevecadoT da zustad gavarkvioT, Tu vin iyo irenarxosi, davalebuli, ra rogor mixedviTac, hqonda unda irenarxoss mas wmida gavigoT mTel grigorisagan fraza, qarTlSi romlis episkoposebis dadgineba evaleboda, unda gavigoT Tu ara yovelive Zalze martivad, _ ise, TiTqos wmida grigorma xsenebuli pirovneba qarTlis dedaqalaqis episkoposad, anu mitropolitad daniSna da Semdeg mas, Tavis mxriv, mTeli qarTlis masStabiT episkoposTa daniSvna daavala? davazustoT isic, Tu vin iyvnen lazikasa da albaneTSi gagzavnili pirovnebebi _ sofroni da Toma da ra iyo maTi movaleoba, Zeglidan imgvari unda gamovitanoT azri, TiTqos Tu ara sofroni arabuli da Toma lazikisa da albaneTis eklesiaTa episkoposebad daniSna wmida grigorma? dasmul kiTxvebze upirvelesad gavixsenoT swori is pasuxis faqti, rom gasacemad xsenebul periodSi, e. i. me-4 s-is pirvel naxevarSi, episkoposebi ki ar iniSnebodnen romelime piris neba-survliT, aramed, 89 irCeodnen (episkoposTa daniSvnis wesi 350 w-s antioqiis saeklesio krebam SemoiRo); sasuliero pirebi airCevdnen xolme Sesaferiss episkoposobas da mas avalebdnen... saydris winamZRolobas, SesaZloa, aq samefo xelisuflebis survils Seesrulebina gadamwyveti roli... saxelmwifoebSi eklesiis eklesiis struqtura gazrdis ganivrco, Semdeg ama Tu ki, im roca saydarSi moRvawe episkoposebi, Tu amis saWiroebas ukve xedavdnen, saerTo problemebidan irCevdnen, _ mas, gamomdinare, visac mTavarepiskoposs ramdenime episkoposi eqvemdebareboda, qmnidnen saepiskoposoebs. dedaqalaqSi moRvawe episkoposs mitropolitis saxeliT moixseniebdnen. arabuli Zeglidan versad ver vxedavT, rom `ibirbzxua~ episkoposad aerCioT, rom sasuliero pirebs misi winamZRvrad arCeva da kurTxeva esurvebinoT, weria mxolod is, rom wmida grigorma mitropolitad gaxada `ibirbzxua~ da gagzavna... sofronisa da Tomas Sesaxebac amgvari sityvebia naxmari: `gaxada episkoposad~... Zneli misaxvedri ar aris, rom agaTangeloss dauweria iseTi pirovnebebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac mxolod wodeba hqondaT episkoposisa, magram ar gaaCndaT araviTari xelisufleba da romlebic me-4 s-is dasawyisSi bevrni iyvnen. _ me-4 sSi eklesiam SemoiRo mitropolitis uxelisuflo wodeba (lebedevi 1905: 202), es niSnavda imas, rom pirovnebas hqonda wodeba, SeeZlo qadageba, swavleba, magram ar iyo erTi romelime kaTedris gamgebeli, mis saqmeTa warmmarTveli, magram imis gamo, rom iyo Zalian niWieri, 90 Zlieri qadagebis romelime SemZle, Zlieri damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli, moRvawisagan eniWeboda mas es wodeba, rac sapatio titulic iyo da sxvaTa ganswavlis uflebis miniWebasac romelsac SeeZlo gulisxmobda. sxvadasxva es iyo qveyanaSi misioneri, siaruli da qadageba, romelsac episkoposi erqva, magram saeklesio kaTedris episkoposi ar iyo... Cveni azriT, irenarxosi, sofroni da Toma swored aseTi, mxolod wodebis mqone, mitropolit-episkoposebi iyvnen, maT hqondaT episkoposis wodeba, magram ar gaaCndaT araviTari xelisufleba, maTi saqmianoba, ZiriTadad, qadagebebiT, misioneruli damoZRvriTa saqmianobiT, da _ swavlebebiT ganisazRvreboda. SevecadoT da ufro davakonkretoT, Tu ra mizniT unda wamosuliyo es sami pirovneba albaneTSi, qarTlsa da lazikaSi, ra unda yofiliyo maTi mizani da, rac mTavaria, gavarkvioT, ras niSnavs arabuli versiis sityvebi, romelTa mixedviTac, `ibirbzxuas~ episkoposebi unda daedgina mTel qarTlSi? yoveliveSi rom kargad gaverkveT, Cven jer Zalian mkafiod, cxadad unda gavicnobieroT erTi faqti: im dros, roca `ibirbzxua~ qarTlSi moemgzavreba, aq ukve mosulia mravalricxovani samRvdeloeba, ukve cxovroben is mRvdlebi, romlebic episkoposebad unda moevlinon mTel qveyanas, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gaugebaria, rogor, an visgan unda daadginos `ibirbzxuam~ episkoposebi mTel qarTlSi; Cven kargad unda gavicnobieroT is faqti, rom qarTlSi `ibirbzxuas~ gamomgzavrebis 91 dros, rac, am versiis Tanaxmad, sul cota, nikeis msoflio saeklesio krebamde (325 w.) xdeba, aq ukve moRvaweobs samRvdeloeba da ukve iwyeba episkoposebis dadginebis, maTi arCevisa da kurTxevis procesi. saidan aris mosuli es samRvdeloeba? erTi mxriv, Temebidan eseni arian gamosuli adgilobrivi pirovnebebi da, qristeanuli meore mxriv, sruliad cxadia, rom, eseni arian konstantine keisris mier gamogzavnili mRvdlebi da diakvnebi... konstantine keisarma, rogorc qarTlSi orjer `qarTlis gamogzavna cxovrebidan~ samRvdeloeba, viciT, pirvelad gamogzavna `mRdeli WeSmariti iovane ebiskoposi, da mis Tana mRdelni cxovreba orni 1955: cxorebisaÁ 130), da da diakonni xolo meored ficarni igi, [damsWvualnes ufalsa da, warmogzavnnes mRdelni da samni~ _ (qarTlis `nawili romelTa zeda samsWualni xuroni Zelisa ferÃni ÃelTani. friad mravalni~ (qarTlis cxovreba 1955: 131-132)... pirveli Camosvlisas, rogorc Cans, iovane (ioane) mcxeTis episkoposad (mitropolitad) akurTxes masTan erTad Camosulma orma mRvdlma da samma diakvanma, agreTve, _ adgilobrivma qristeanebma (SerCeuli igi, faqtiurad, ukve Camosvlamde iyo) (safiqrebelia, romelime `wmida didi ninos dazustebiT mTel rom saydris cxovrebam~ Semdeg qarTlSi mTavari episkoposi, ar romlis Semoinaxa. visabrebT), iwyeba xeldamsxmeli meore eklesiaTa am iyo saxeli sakiTxze Camosvlisas ki Seneba iq da gamwesebuli mRvdlebi irCeven episkoposebs... im dros, roca `ibirbzxua~ qarTlSi 92 modis, aq ukve mosulia konstantines mier samRvdeloebisa gamogzavnili da ukve meore dawyebulia nakadi mTel qarTlSi episkoposTa SerCevisa da kurTxevis procesi... ra roli unda Seesrulebina am dros qarTlSi wmida grigoris mier gamogzavnil misioner `ibirbzxuas~, anu _ irenarxoss? Tu wmida grigoris mier gamogzavnili es pirovneba safiqrebelia, momaval marTla rom, igi, episkoposTa Camovida rogorc qarTlSi, gamocdili ganswavlasa da maSin moRvawe, maT SerCevaSi miiRebda raime monawileobas, yovel SemTxvevaSi, rogorc misioneri, swored am sakiTxSi SesTavazebda qarTvelT monawileobis miRebas da, rac mTavaria, mas, rogorc Cans, gansakuTrebulad evaleboda, eklesiaTa Soris efrTxila, rom sxvadasxva kaTedras qarTlisa megobrul am da somxeTis urTierTobebze qveyanaTa eklesiebi, daeqvemdebarnen, ezruna, romlebic gansxvavebuli gzebiT ar wasuliyvnen, rom maT Soris raime gaugebroba ar momxdariyo... irenarxosi, safiqrebelia, rom, iyo is piri, visac qarTlSi episkoposTa momzadebasa da maT SerCevaSi monawileobis miReba evaleboda, visac surda, Tavisi gamocdileba ezruna qarTlisa gaeziarebina da qarTvelTaTvis somxeTis eklesiaTa da kargi urTierTobisaTvis (igi erovnebiT qarTveli yofila da TanamemamuleebisaTvis daxmareba misi movaleobac iqneboda... cxadia, rom cnoba am pirovnebis qarTvelobis Sesaxeb Zveli sxvagvarad Zneli teqstebidan asaxsnelia, unda rad momdinareobdes, dasWirda arabuli Zeglis avtors misi `gaqarTveleba~...); vimeorebT, cnobaTa 93 urTierTSedareba ar iZleva safuZvels, rom irenarxosis mTavarepiskoposobis Sesaxeb cnoba sarwmunod miviCnioT... Tund, mainc davuSvaT mTavarepiskopobis qarTlis varaudad, survili rom hqondaT xelisuflebisa da, irenarxosis qarTlSi, saerTod, rom aqauri qristeanebis garda, am qveynis eklesiaSi samoRvaweod mRvdlad xeldasxmulma adamianebma marTlac SearCies igi mTavarepiskoposad kidev manam, sanam da Semdeg qarTlisken sakurTxeblad jer gamoemgzavreboda, rom moxda amgvari ram, magram aseTi faqtis Sesaxebac cnobebi ar Semoinaxa werilobiT wyaroebma an ar dawerila msgavsi ram, Cven mainc ver SevZlebT xsenebuli varaudis safuZvlianobis damtkicebas, _ imitom, rom SeuZlebelia im faqtis uaryofa, rom irenarxosi wasula qveyanaSi, romelSic ukve naqadagebi iyo qristes sjuli, romelSic ukve cxovrobdnen mRvdlebi da, amdenad, aseTi mosazrebis uaryofa mogviwevs... konstantine keisris mier gamogzavnili iovanesa da irenarxosis Sesaxeb cnobaTa urTierTSejerebis Semdeg Cvens Tvalwin ufro iseTi suraTi ixateba, rom irenarxoss ukve gaqristeanebul qveyanaSi usaydro episkoposis statusiT wasvla daavala wmida grigorma, _ daavala wasvla im qveyanaSi, sadac konstantime keisris mier moRvaweobda mTavarepiskoposad, gamogzavnili sadac iovane ukve bevri mRvdeli cxovrobda da amjerad episkoposTa kurTxevis procesi iyo dawyebuli... erT-erTi umTavresi mizezi misi wamosvlisa, Tu ki episkoposTa SerCevaSi marTla wamovida, monawileobis 94 vimeorebT, miRebisa da, saerTod, qarTvelTaTvis Tavisi gamocdilebis gaziarebis survilis garda, is iqneboda, rom am qveyanaTa eklesiebs Soris, miuxedavad sxvadasxva kaTedraze daqvemdebarebisa, mWidro urTierTobebi yofiliyo... rac Seexeba sofronsa da Tomas, Cans, isinic msgavsi misiiT gagzavnili gamocdilebis misionerebi gaziareba upirvelesad, eklesiaTa iyvnen, hqondaT Soris maTac davalebuli keTil da, urTierTobebze zrunva evalebodaT... ar viciT, ra roli Seasrula am samma pirovnebam kavkasiis sami qveynis cxovrebaSi, magram erTi ram cxadia, _ wmida grigor parTeli, rogorc Cans, didad iRvwoda rogorc misioneri, iRvwoda imisaTvis, rom kavkasiis eklesiaTa Soris megobruli urTierToba yofiliyo, cdilobda, daxmareboda am qveynebis eklesiebs rogorc gamocdili maswavlebeli; amiTac unda aixsnas is faqti, rom wmida grigori qarTvelTaTvis sayvareli pirovneba xSirad iyo didi da qarTul pativiscemiT maswavlebladac miaCndaT; werilobiT wyaroebSi ixseniebdnen cxadia, da mas TavianT saerTod, did maswavleblad aRiarebdnen wmida grigors iseve, rogorc, vTqvaT, _ grigol RvTismetyvels, basili dids, grigol nosels, iovane oqropirs da sxvas _ mravals... CamovayaliboT zemoTqmuli daskvnis saxiT: vfiqrobT, irenarxosi, sofroni da Toma ar yofilan qarTlis, mxolod lazikisa wodebis lazikasa saqmisaTvis da da mqone albaneTis misionerebi albaneTSi, iyvnen episkoposebi, iyvnen; upirvelesad, gagzavnilni; 95 isini qarTlSi, samisionero safiqrebelia, rom cdilobdnen, kavkasiis qveyanaTa eklesiebis megobruli urTierTobisaTvis ezrunaT, rom maT mizans maswavlebluri, mqadagebluri moRvaweoba warmoadgenda... rogorc Cans, swored amas gulisxmobda agaTangelosi, roca irenarxosis, sofronisa da Tomas gagzavnis Sesaxeb saubrobda; agaTangelosis mogviano xanis gadamwerTagan, Cans, bevrs ukve pirovnebaTa aRar esmoda, Tu ras niSnavda mitropolit-episkoposoba; am berZnuli xelnaweris avtors, rogorc safiqrebelia, miuCnevia, rom aq realur saubari, mitropolitobasa yovelive moCvenebia qarTlis, da, es ki radgan, lazikisa da episkoposobaze Zalze albaT, da aradamajereblad kargad albaneTis iyo icoda, pirveli rom ierarqebi irenarxe, sofroni da Toma ki ara, aramed, _ sul sxvebi gaxdnen, amitom Tavis teqstSi mitropolit-episkoposebad amouRia winadadeba ar es sami pirovneba mouxsenebia; irenarxosis mier amasTan, episkoposTa dasadgenad gagzavnis Sesaxeb; es unda iyos mizezi imisa, rom mis teqstSi ar aris laparaki aRarc mitropolitepiskoposobaze da arc qarTlSi episkoposebis dadgenaze; berZnuli teqstis avtors hgonia, rom es pirovnebebi xelisuflebis mqone mitropolit-episkoposebad arian gamocxadebulni, amgvari ram aradamajereblad eCveneba da Tavis teqstSi aRar gadaaqvs, rogorc TviTon miaCnia, yalbi sityvebi da siyalbis Semcveli winadadeba qarTlSi episkoposTa dadginebis Sesaxeb. am winadadebis amoRebis Semdeg ki aRar Cans, rom irenarxosi qarTlSi gaemgzavra... berZnuli teqstis 96 avtors hgonia, rom irenarxosi, sofroni da Toma realur mitropolit- episkoposebad arian gamocxadebulni da amitom cvlis teqsts, magram, vimeorebT, rogorc Cans, agaTangelosTan am pirovnebebTan mxolod dakavSirebiT wodebis mqone, mxolod ararealur misionerebze, mitropolit- episkoposobaze iyo saubari da es sami pirovneba realur mitropolit-episkoposebad ar yofila gamocxadebuli. axla ki imisaTvis, rom Cvens warmodgenili msjelobis utyuaroba warmoCndes, imisaTvis, rom safuZvlianoba mier zemore ufro naTlad ukeT varaudisa, warmoCndes romlis mixedviTac, irenarxosi, sofroni da Toma ara namdvili mitropoliti da episkoposebi, aramed, sxva qveynebSi saqadageblad gagzavnili misionerebi, mxolod wodebis mqone pirebi iyvnen, damadasturebel sabuTebad movixmobT ramdensame Zvel wyaros. upirvelesad aseT JamTaaRmwerlis _ ganmanaTleblis Sesaxeb. grigorma sxvadasxva wyarod uxtanesis migvaCnia cnoba uxtanesis mxareSi sul somexi wmida grigor mixedviT, oTxasi wmida episkoposi gagzavna. misi TqmiT, am oTxasidan ocdacameti mosaydre episkoposi yofila, xolo danarCenebi iyvnen usaydro episkoposebi (adonci 1905: 324). vin arian `usaydro episkoposebi~? cxadia, _ is pirebi, visac mxolod wodeba aqvT episkoposisa da ara reluri xelisufleba, romelTa Sesaxebac Cven ukve visaubreT. Zneli saTqmelia, ramdenad realuria uxtanesis mier dasaxelebuli ricxvi, magram, rac unda gadaWarbebuli iyos igi, mainc Cans, rom 97 usaydro episkoposebi bevrni yofilan da Cven irenarxe, sofroni da Toma swored maT ricxvSi gveguleba. es pirovnebebi, rogorc Cans, TavianTi misiiT gamorCeulni yofilan da swored amitom unda iyos maTi saxelebi moxvedrili `wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebaSi~. uxtanesi, Cveni azriT, adasturebs zemoT gamoTqmul varauds, romlis Tanaxmadac, irenarxe, sofroni da Toma mxolod wodebis matarebeli, xelisuflebis armqone pirovnebebi iyvnen, romelTa movaleoba qadagebebi da qristeanTaTvis qristeanTa TavianTi ganswavla, gamocdilebis kavkasiis gaziareba, qveynebis eklesiaTa dadebiTi urTierTobisaTvis zrunva iyo. is faqti, rom grigor ganmanaTlebeli Zalian iyo dakavebuli qveynebSi mqadageblebisa gagzavniT, is, da rom maswavleblebis mas Zalian sxva uyvarda misioneruli moRvaweoba, Cans, wmida grigoris cxovrebis sxva versiebidan da es Cans romelic, rogorc aRvniSneT, enidan aris Targmnili; qarTuli versiidanac, miCneulia, rom somxuri mogvyavs citata: `ganhmzada Soris qalaqisa da ganawesna maT Sina moZRvarni da maswavlelni... da ganvides qadagni brZanebiTa grigolisaÁTaÁ, raTa yovelTagan qalaqTa moiyvanebden missa SvilTa maTTa somexni igi da aswavebden werilsa da wurTasa saRmrToTa wignTasa, esreT ukue ara xolo somxiTi gareSeicva mis mier qadagebaman, aramed sparseTi da asureTi da midni da romelTa igi unnon uwodian. amaT yovelTaganni tkbilsa mas uRelsa qristessa moiyvanna erni mravalni~ (grigolis cxovreba 1920: 43). 98 amrigad, Cveni azriT, cxadad Cans, rom wmida grigor parTels araviTari episkoposebi ar daudgenia qarTlSi, albaneTsa da, cxadia, _ arc lazikaSi. am qveynebSi man mxolod misionerebi gagzavna, romelTac saganmanaTleblo moRvaweoba, kavkasiis qveyanaTa keTil urTierTobaze zrunva, somxeTis warmomadgenloba, `elCoba~ SeuZlebeli, msgavsi gagzavnili rogorc rom pirovnebebi. safiqrebelia, eklesiis evalebodaT. misiiT irenarxe, erTgvari ar aris somxeTSic iyvnen sofroni misionerebad da Toma, gaugzavnia wmida grigors, Tumca, CvenTvis ar aris cnobili, Tu ramdenad Seasrules arabuli maT TavianTi Zeglidan ar misia SeiZleba xsenebul im qveynebSi... azris gamotana, TiTqos grigor ganmanaTlebels qarTlis, an lazikis, Tu albaneTis qveynebis saeklesio kaTedrebi eklesiebTan mas eqvemdebareboda. megobruli am urTierToba akavSirebda. im varaudis gansamtkiceblad, rom grigoris kaTedras kavkasiis sxva qveynebis saeklesio kaTedrebi ar eqvemdebareboda, arabuli Zeglidan moviyvanT kidev erT adgils, romelic Sinaarsis zemoT, gadmocemisas, wmida ukve grigoris cxovrebis warmovadgineT da romelzedac axla sagangebod gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas: arabul `cxovrebaSi~ wmida grigori, mTeli somxeTis kaTolikosad aris rogorc vnaxeT, gamocxadebuli; Semdeg, cota qvemoT, sam qveyanaSi episkoposTa gagzavnaze aris saubari, Semdeg CamoTvlilia Zalian bevri mxare, sadac wmida grigori episkoposebs agzavnida, mere ki 99 naTqvamia: `aseve mravali episkoposi gagzavna sxvadasxva qveyanaSi da xalxebTan, aseve gagzavna moZRvrebi _ WeSmariti sityvis swavlebis SemZlebelni. rac Seexeba [Tavad] wmida grigoriuss, man aaSena oTxi saepiskoposo araratSi, valarsapatSi, artasatsa da dvinusSi da isini Tavisi taxtis qveS moaqcia. da im qveynebs, romlebic CamovTvaleT, igi mzrunvelobda, [igi] erTi xanoba mzrunvelobda maT da didi somxeTis mefe Tirdats~... Semdeg naTqvamia, ganmartovda; grigors rom teqstis TviT wmida am grigori adgilis somxeTSi marto manis qvabebSi mixedviT, oTxi wmida saepiskoposo eqvemdebareboda, sxva mxareebisa da qveynebis kaTedrebTan ki mxolod megobroba akavSirebda. safiqrebelia, rom es aris adreuli romlebic teqstebidan SesaZleblobas momdinare gvaZlevs, winadadebebi, davinaxoT, Tu rogori urTierToba iyo IV saukunis dasawyisSi kavkasiis qveynebis eklesiebs Soris. aseTia Cveni Sexedulebebi wmida grigoris mier kavkasiis qveynebSi gagzavnil pirovnebaTa Sesaxeb. 100 Tavi mexuTe grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis teqstTa genealogiuri tabulisaTvis `wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis~ teqstTa urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxis garkvevisas teqstologiuri Sedarebis garda, vfiqrobT, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba unda mieniWos imas, qalkedonuria, Tu araqalkedonuri esa Tu is nawarmoebi; unda zustad ganisazRvros, ramdenad SesaZlebelia, araqalkedonur teqsts zegavlena moexdina qalkedonurze da piriqiT... rogorc zemore msjelobidan warmoCnda, Cven migvaCnia, rom arsebobda `wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis~ uZvelesi versia, romelSic somex-qarTvelTa urTierTobebze iyo saubari da romelsac Cvenamde ar mouRwevia. im versiaSi, Cans, wmida `nunes~ qadagebebze iyo saubari, Tumc, safiqrebelia, gacnobierebuli mxardasaWerad rom wmida ninos migvaCnia Zveli masSi jer ar iyo mociquloba... somxuri Cven istoriuli tradicia, romlis Tanaxmadac agaTangelosi marTla me-4 saukunis dasawyisSi cxovrobda da Tavis Tanadroul ambebs aRwerda, rom man Trdat mefis periodSi dawera Tavisi nawarmoebi (berZnulad an berZnuli asoebiT _ somxurad). is uZvelesi nawarmoebi daedo safuZvlad Semdgomi drois xelnawerebs, romelTagan dRes sakmaod bevria SemorCenili. 101 uZvelesma istoriam, cxadia, Semdgom periodebSi rogorc qalkedonel, ise antiqalkedonel gadamwerTa da mTargmnelTa xelSi gaiara. Cven mier ganxiluli arabulberZnuli versiebi, rogorc aRvniSneT, qalkedonuria; wmida ekaterines monasterSi aRmoCenili arabuli teqsti, Cveni azriT, savsebiT marTebulad miaCnda qalkedonurad akad. n. mars. xsenebul ZeglebSi, rogorc vnaxeT, mkafiod aris warmoCenili wmida qarTvelebTan, oRond, gayalbebuli saxiTaa es grigoris kavSirebi naCvenebi, kavSirebi damaxinjebulad, yovelive isea warmosaxuli, TiTqos wmida grigori qarTvelTa mefeebis uSualo momaqceveli, maTi naTlia iyo... am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT Cvens yuradRebas ipyrobs `wmida grigoris cxovrebis~ somxurenovani istoria~, romelic versia, anu qalkedonuri _ araa. `somxeTis aq wmida grigorTan dakavSirebiT aRarc qarTli da lazika, aRarc albaneTi saerTod aRara aris naxsenebi, aRaraferia naTqvami am qveynebis xelisufalTa da wmida grigoris urTierTobaze. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom am versiidan cnobebi wmida grigorisa da qarTvelTa urTierTobebis Sesaxeb sagangebod saeklesio aris amoRebuli ganxeTqilebis dros, qarTvel-somexTa an saboloo ganxeTqilebis Semdeg (SesaZloa, gadaxedvas saWiroebdes Sexeduleba, romlis Tanaxmadac somxuri versia V s-iT TariRdeba). rogorc Cans, garkveuli periodis qristeanul samyaroSi sabolood gaimarjva Sexedulebam, romlis Tanaxmadac, qarTli da lazika, aseve, albaneTi, Tavidanve qveynebi diofizituri 102 iyo da, Tu monofizituri wmida aRmsareblobis grigorisa da mimdevarni kavkasiis aseT diofizituri dros qveynebis keTil urTierTobaze ilaparakebdnen, es wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis gaxdeboda, aRaraferi diofizitad amitom uTqvamT warmoCenis tolfasi antiqalkedonelebs saerTod diofizituri qveynebisa da wmida grigoris kavSirebis Sesaxeb; maT am qveynebisa da wmida grigor Trdatis urTierTobaze saerTod aRaraferi dauweriaT; Cans, miuCneviaT, rom yovelive amas istoriul WeSmaritebasTan araferi aqvs saerTo. maSasadame, cxovrebis Cveni somxuri amoRebuli varaudiT, versiidan cnobebi wmida grigoris ganzrax unda qarTvel-somexTa iyos Zveli urTierTobebis Sesaxeb da es saeklesio ganxeTqilebis Sedegad unda iyos momxdari. somxuri versia SemdgomSi safuZvlad daedo sxva araerT versias, sadac aseve aRaraferia naTqvami wmida grigorisa da qarTvelebis Zvel kontaqtebze. amgvari cnobebis kvali Semounaxavs grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis arabul-berZnul versiebs, magram Semounaxavs Zalzed damaxinjebulad da gayalbebulad. amrigad, wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis teqstTa genealogiuri tabulis Sedgenisas, vfiqrobT, rom mTavar nawarmoebad unda warmodges `wmida grigoris cxovrebis~ mouRweveli warmomdinared berZnuli unda teqsti, arabuli teqsti; nusxa, ganvixiloT romlidanac vfiqrobT, aseve Tavis misgan mouRweveli mxriv warmodga am arabulma teqstma mogvca dReisTvis 103 cnobili arabuli xelnaweri (Cvens xelT arsebuli arabuli teqsti rom, aseve, arabuli xelnaweridan aris gadawerili es vfiqrobT, cxadad warmoCnda, Tundac, maSin, roca saxel `ibirbzxuas~ Sesaxeb vmsjelobdiT: ,,ibirbzxua~ (‫)ابي ب ح ا‬, rogorc aRvniSneT, aris arabulad dawerili sityvis `airnarxua~-s (‫ )اي ن ح ا‬saxeSecvlili forma; arabuli teqstis arabulidanve faqti warmoCnda maSinac, roca ( ‫قي‬ pirveli, aCvena, arabuli sityvebze _ d-r-z-qiāt ‫)م ك ال‬-ze vmsjelobdiT; am ) da malik al-ru’ s ( sityvebidan momdinareobis rogorc es Jerar SriftiT dawerili garitma l-z-q-iāt t~ ( ‫)م ك ال‬-s arabulad dawerili sityvebis malik al-laz na ( forma. momdinareobdes n. romelime winare berZnuli mariseuli teqsti arabuli xelnaweridan... ‫)ل قي‬-is ‫ )م ك ال‬aris damaxinjebuli formaa, xolo malik al-ru’ s ( saxeSecvlili ukve unda xelnaweris mariseul arabul teqstze, rogorc J. garitis naSromidan Cans, zegavlena mouxdenia e. w. `oqridul cxovrebas~ (gariti 1946: 182)... somxuri versia an uSualod, an Sualeduri teqstebiT, agaTangelosis uZvelesi teqstidan momdinare Cans... rogorc specialistebi miiCneven, Cven mier ganxiluli arabul-berZnuli versiebis garda, wmida grigoris cxovrebis yvela sxva teqsti somxuri xelnaweridan aris warmoSobili (afciauri 1987: 40). wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis teqstTa genialogiaSi srulad garkveva Zalzed rTuli sakiTxia 104 da Cven ar migvaCnia, rom sakiTxi bolomde Seswavlilia. amjerad specialistebs SevTavazeT, rac genealogiuri wmida tabulis mxolod ramdenime varaudi grigoris cxovrebis teqstTa Sedgenisas, Tu amas saWirod miiCneven, SeiZleba, rom gamoiyenon. wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis daaxloebiT ocamde teqstis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxis dazustebuli Seswavla samomavlo saqmea. 105 Tavi meeqvse qarTlis moqcevis ganmanaTleblis TariRi wmida grigor cxovrebis arabul-berZnuli versiebis fonze wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis arabulberZnuli versiebis analizi, maTi Sedareba sxva wyaroebTan, saSualebas gvaZlevs, vimsjeloT qarTlis moqcevis TariRze. rogorc gviCvenebs, ukve rom vnaxeT, somxeTis, arabul-berZnuli albaneTis, versiebi qarTlisa da lazikis moqceva erTdroulad momxdara, erTdroulad mouwveviaT am qveynebSi samRvdeloeba; arabuli versiis mixedviT, somxeTica da kavkasiis samive qveyanac nikeis krebis win, e.i. 325 w-mde, moqceula, nikeis krebamde miuRia wmida grigors kesariis patriarq leontisagan (kesariis patriarqi 314 w-s gaxda) samRvdelo kurTxeva. wmida grigori, rogorc vnaxeT, `cxovrebaTa~ mixedviT, 15 weli iyo dilegSi. misi pirveli dapatimreba, im periods emTxveva, roca Trdats iranis winaaRmdeg romaelebTan uomia; cxadia, aq igulisxmeba iran-roms Soris 296-297 ww-Si gamarTuli omi, romelic 298 w-s nizibinSi dadebuli zaviT dasrulda; arabul versiaSi iran-roms Soris momxdari omis anareklia SemorCenili, _ Trdats 296-297 ww-is omSi aqvs monawileoba miRebuli. Trdats somxeTSi Camosvlis 106 Semdeg, rogorc zemoT, teqstebis Sinaarsis gadmocemisas, ukve vnaxeT, jer uwamebia, xolo Semdeg dilegSi Causvams grigori, rasac somxeTSi warmarTobis qristeanTa devna gaZlierebisaTvis mohyolia. zrunva safiqrebelia, rom da wmida grigoris xangrZlivi wameba daaxloebiT 298 wlis Semdeg xdeboda. `cxovrebaTa~ mixedviT, igi dilegSi CausvamT daaxloebiT im xanebSi, roca somxeTSi qristeanTa didi devna daiwyo. `wmida grigoris cxovrebaSi~ moTxrobili istoria qristeanTa devnisa, savaraudoa, rom, 303 wlis ambebis gamoZaxilia. rogorc cnobilia, romis imperiaSi dioklitianem 303 wlis 23 Tebervals, sazRvarTa RvTaeba Terminusis xsenebis devna (sergeevi dRes, 1938: daiwyo 707...). qristeanTa diokletianes sastiki politika, rogorc Cans, somxeTsac miwvdomia daaxloebiT imave 303 wels, amitom wmida grigoris jer xangrZlivi wameba, xolo Semdeg ki dilegSi Cagdeba daaxloebiT 298-303 wlebs Soris aris sagulisxmebeli. Tu wmida grigorma dilegSi marTla gaTavisuflebas 15 umal weli mohyva gaatara, somxeTis xolo mefe mis Trdatis moqceva, maSin Trdatis moqcevis TariRi daaxloebiT 313318 wlebs Soris aris saZiebeli... wmida grigori gauTavisuflebiaT im dReebSi, roca rifsimeanebi awames, amitom rifsimeanTa daaxloebiT wyaroTa 313-318 Tanaxmad, wamebac, wlebs amave cxadia, savaraudoa, rom, Soris momxdara... xsenebul xanebSi moqceula albaneTi, qarTli da lazikac. wmida grigoris gaTavisuflebis Semdeg, _ umalve dauwyiaT somxeTSi qristeanul 107 salocavTa Seneba da warmarTul taZarTa ngreva. swored am periodSi, kerZod ki _ maSin, roca somxeTSi artemides taZari daangries, somxeTSi erTmaneTs Sexvedrian wmida grigor-Trdati da wmida ninosa da axalmoqceuli mirian mefis delegacia, rogorc es wyaroTa analiziT irkveva. cxadia, qarTlis mefe am dros ukve moqceuli iyo. teqstebis analizi cxadyofs, rom am droisTvis ukve moqceulebi yofilan albaneTisa da lazikis xelisufalnic, romlebsac, savaraudoa, rom, aseve, miuRiaT xsenebul molaparakebaSi monawileoba. `mefeTa cxovrebis~ mixedviT, mefe mirians daaxloebiT im dros, roca wmida nino mcxeTaSi ukve sami wlis mosuli iyo, omi hqonia konstantine keisarTan (306337), romelSic qarTvelTa mefe damarcxebula. am ambidan axlo periodSi moqceula dedofali nana, xolo erTi wlis Semdeg TxoTis mTaze yofnisas qristesken mefe mirianic Semoqceula... unda dazustebiT gairkves, Tu romel omzea teqstSi laparaki. roca `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ warmoCenili omis peripetiebs davukvirdebiT, vnaxavT, rom aq mTlianad 296297 ww-is ambebia warmoCenili. es araerTi specialistis mier ukve aRniSnulia... `mefeTa cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, mefe miriani sparsTa mefesTan erTad saomrad Sesula somxeTSi. iranis Sahsa da mirians daumarcxebiaT Trdati da Semdeg amarcxebdnen, keisari keisars magram gaZlierebula SebrZolebian. Semdeg da yovelive daumarcxebia Turme masac Secvlila, mirianica _ da iranis Sahic. es ukanaskneli sparseTSi gaqceula. keisars 108 Seurigebia Trdati da miriani. mirianis Zis _ revisadmi colad miucia Trdatis asuli salome, xolo misi meore Ze _ baqari mZevlad wauyvania. rogorc aRvniSneT, aq Cven 296-297 ww-is omis peripetiebs vxedavT. 296 w-s iranis Sahi nersehi Sevida romis teritoriaze, maT Soris _ somxeTSic. man warmatebas miaRwia keisar galerius maqsimianesTan (293311ww) brZolaSi da am ukanasknelis dasaxmareblad rom ar mosuliyo dioklitiane, igi, albaT, damarcxdeboda. galeriusi daamarcxa 25 000-iani jariT Sevida somxeTSi, sadac iranelebi. Sahma nersehma gaqceviT uSvela Tavs. maSasadame, `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ gadmocemulia iranroms Soris momxdari omis ambebi. am omSi, `mefeTa cxovrebis~ monacemebs Tu daveyrdnobiT, unda vifiqroT, rom qarTvelebsac miuRiaT monawileoba _ iranis mxareze myofebs. qarTul ZeglSi mTlianad 296-297 ww-is omia gadmocemuli, oRond, moxseniebulia ara yuradRebas romelic iqcevs rogorc galeriusi, `mefeTa konstantines vnaxeT, aramed _ cxovrebis~ mier aq keisrad konstantine; erTi qristeanobis cnoba, aRiarebas Seexeba. am wyaros mixedviT, konstantine keisars, roca igi damarcxebis piras iyo, qristeanTa rCeviT qristeanoba uRiarebia da mxolod amis Semdeg mouxerxebia iranis Sahsa da mirian mefeze gamarjveba, mxolod qristes cnobis Semdeg gaumarjvia maTze. rogorc Cans, `mefeTa cxovrebas~ erTmaneTSi aurevia, erTmaneTTan gauigivebia ori sruliad sxvadasxva 109 ambavi, sxvadasxva istoria, _ erTdroulad, rogorc erTsa da imave movlenaze, mouTxria 296-297 ww-is omsa da romeliRac sxva brZolaze, romelic konstantine keisars gaumarTavs da romlis axlo periodSi momxdara mis mier qristes aRiareba. rogorc aRvniSneT, arabul-berZnuli wyaroebis mixedviT, kavkasiis qveynebi: somxeTi, albaneTi, qarTli da lazika daaxloebiT erTdroulad moqceula; analizi cxadyofs, rom es movlena daaxloebiT 313-318 ww-s Soris unda iyos momxdari. romeli omi hqonda konstantine keisars am periodSi, romeli unda iyos is brZola, risi mogebac konstantinesagan qristes aRiarebasTan daakavSires? rogorc safiqrebelia, `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ gamouyenebiaT wyaro, romelSic konstantines cxovreba iyo moTxrobili da romelSic ewera, rom konstantinem omSi gamarjvebas qristeanoba mxolod icno da mas aRiara. Semdeg miaRwia, konstantine rac keisarma qristeanoba oficialurad pirvelad 313 wels aRiara, roca likiniusTan (308-324ww) erTad milanis ediqti gamosca (ori wliT adre _ 311 wels galeriusma gamosca qristeanobis maRiarebeli ediqti). es ar iyo qristeanobis saxelmwifo religiad qristeanoba aRiares gamocxadeba, rogorc magram religia, am dros qriste scnes RmerTad, rac imis momaswavebeli iyo, rom qristeanoba male umTavres konstantine religiad keisarma qriste gaxdeboda aRiarebuli. oficialurad 313 wels aRiara. romeli omi hqonda am periodis axlo xanebSi 110 konstantine keisars? gavixsenoT mis mier 312 wlis 28 oqtombers etruriaSi, wiTel qvebTan maqsenciusis (307312ww) winaaRmdeg gamarTuli omi, romelSic konstantine keisarma gaimarjva. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom konstantinem qriste pirvelad 313 wels aRiara, maSin unda vivaraudoT, rom `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ gamouyenebiaT iseTi wyaro, romelSic konstantinesa da maqsenciusis brZolaze iyo saubari da romelSic aRniSnuli iyo, rom konstantinem qriste aRiara da mxolod amis Semdeg SeZlo omSi gamarjveba. viTareba ase warmodgeba: cxovrebis~ damweri _ winamorbedi romelime rogorc leonti avtori, Cans, mroveli, qarTuli `mefeTa an qronikis misi am adgilis werisas ZiriTadad iyenebda or wyaros: erTSi saubari iyo iran-roms Soris 296-297 ww-Si gamarTul omze, xolo meoreSi _ konstantine keisarsa da maqsenciuss Soris 312 wels momxdari omis Sesaxeb; am ukanasknelSi, rogorc Cans, naTqvami iyo, rom konstantinem omSi gamarjveba mxolod mas Semdeg SeZlo, rac qriste romelsac scno. `mefeTa savaraudoa, cxovrebis~ rom im avtori, nawarmoebSi, an misi winamorbedi, iyenebda, bevri ram ukve dakarguli iyo; rogorc Cans, im wyaroSi, romelic 296-297 ww-is omze mogviTxrobda, veRar SemorCa keisar galeriusis saxeli, magram masSi naTqvami iyo, rom qarTvelTa mefem iranTan erTad keisris winaaRmdeg ioma, xolo konstantines istoriaSi dakarguli iyo saxeli maqsenciusisa, aRar iyo dazustebuli, rom es omi etruriaSi gaimarTa, magram 111 samagierod, rogorc Cans, SemorCenili iyo cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom gamarjvebas konstantinem amis qriste SemweobiT aRiara da miaRwia. omSi qarTvel JamTaaRmwerels es ori istoria erTmaneTSi aurevia, _ mas galeriusis pirovneba konstantinesTan gauigivebia da viTareba ise warmousaxavs, TiTqos qarTvelTa mefem iranTan erTad konstantines winaaRmdeg ioma; amasTan, mas konstantines istoriidan gadmoutania cnoba konstantines mier qristes aRiarebisa da amis Semdeg omSi gamarjvebis Sesaxeb da mis nawarmoebSi istoriul cnobebs Zalze damaxinjebuli saxe miuRia, _ viTareba ise warmoCenila, TiTqos konstantines iranis SahTan hqonda omi, TiTqos man Sahi da, masTan erTad, qarTvelTa mefe somxeTSi daamarcxa. cxadia, amgvar cnobebs istoriul WeSmaritebasTan araferi aqvs saerTo. maSasadame, `mefeTa cxovrebas~ erTmaneTSi aurevia, erTi mxriv, Sah nersehsa da galeriuss, xolo, meore mxriv, konstantinesa brZolebi; SeiZleba da maqsenciuss miviCnioT, rom Soris momxdari qarTvelTa mefem galeriusis winaaRmdeg omSi miiRo monawileoba, magram cnoba konstantinesTan misi omis Sesaxeb ar Seesabameba simarTles. amrigad, rogorc safiqrebelia, `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ SemorCenilia anarekli konstantinesa da maqsenciuss Soris 312 wels momxdari omisa. am omSi konstantines gamarjveba, Cans, dakavSirebuli iqna mis mier qristes aRiarebasTan da swored am movlenis kvali unda iyos Semonaxuli leonti mrovelTan. 112 saerTod, qarTuli wyaroebi faqtebis qronologiis dasazus-teblad aTvlis wertilad omSi konstantines gamarjvebisa da am omis Semdeg misi gaqristianebis ambavs iyeneben xolme da `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ am movlenis kvali Cans SemorCenili; leonti mrovelTan konstantinesagan naTlisRebazea laparaki, magram, radgan viciT, rom konstantinem naTeli Zalian gvian iRo, cxadia, eWvi ar unda Segveparos, rom adreul wyaroebSi konstantines moqcevaze, mis mier qristes aRiarebaze iyo saubari da ara _ naTlisRebaze. leonti mrovelis mixedviT, wmida nino im dros, roca konstantine keisarma qristes saxeliT omi moigo, mcxeTaSi ukve sami wlis mosuli iyo: `mas Jamsa mosrul iyo wmida da netari deda da embazi Cveni nino da daeyo mcxeTas Sina sjulisa da xmamaRlad sami weli iqmoda iwyo da ganecxada kurnebaTa qebad sjulsa qeba Tvinier qristes wamlisa, WeSmaritsa da qristes RmrTisa Cvenisa~... cota qvemoT weria: `da esreT iqceoda mcxeTas qalaqsa Sina sam wel oden, da maT Jamsa Sina iyo Sesvla mirian mefisa da Zmis wulisa misisa, didsa sparsTa mefisa, saberZneTad, odes konstantine berZenTa mefeman ZaliTa qristesiTa da winamZRvrebiTa jvarisaTa iotna mefeni da spani maTni uricxvni~... `mefeTa cxovrebis~ mixedviT, wmida nino konstantines gamarjvebis dros, e. i. 312 wlis 28 oqtombrisaTvis, mcxeTaSi ukve sami wlis SemTxvevaSi, mosuli yofila. SesaZloa, cxadia, ramdenime Tvis sami weli am met-naklebobas gulisxmobdes, amitom wmida ninos mcxeTaSi Semosvlis 113 TariRad jerjerobiT, dazustebis gareSe, 309, an 310 weli vivaraudoT... `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ mixedviT, wmida ninom dedofal nanas qriste qarTlSi mosvlidan meeqvse, xolo mirian mefes _ meSvide wels arwmuna. aq sworad unda gavicnobieroT erTi faqti: qarTul wyaroebSi wmida ninos qarTlSi Semosvlad mis mcxeTaSi Semosvlas miiCneven, SemosvlasTan aris qarTlSi Semosvla gaigivebuli; es mcxeTaSi kargad moCans `moqcevaÁSi~; masSi moTxrobilia, Tu rogor wamovida wmida nino faravnis tbidan qarTlisken, igi modis urbnisSi, magram urbnisi qarTlad ki ara, _ qarTlis sanaxebad aris wodebuli, rac imas niSnavs, rom qarTlad TviT mcxeTaa saxeldebuli; wmida nino gviambobs, rom man Zalian Zneli gza gamoiara faravnis tbidan, Semdeg ki moiwia `sanaxebsa qarTlisasa, qalaqsa urbnisisasa~ da amieridan siZnele cota gauadvilda... `wmida ninos cxovrebaSi~ wmida ninos qarTlSi mosvlas mis mcxeTaSi mosvlasTan aigiveben (aRsaniSnavia, rom pavle ingoroyvas TqmiT, Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi mcxeTa moxseniebulia saxeliT _ qarTli (ingoroyva 1930: 548). `moqcevais~ mixedviT, rogorc aRvniSneT, wmida ninom nana dedofals xolo mirian qriste mefes _ qarTlSi meSvide Semosvlidan wels arwmuna; meeqvse, aqedan gamomdinare, nana dedoflis moqceva 315, an 316, xolo qristesken mirian mefis Semoqceva 316, an 317 wels aris savaraudo... SevecadoT da davazustoT, romeli unda iyos am ori weliwadidan qarTlis moqcevis TariRi... 114 vaxuSti batoniSvili, rogorc moqcevis TariRad 317 wels Semdeg dimitri gaiziares viciT, asaxelebda baqraZem qarTlis (misi (baqraZe TariRi 1880: 24; baqraZe 1889: 147), sulxan baraTaSvilma (baraTiSvili 1895: 20-21, _ sqolio), iv. gvaramaZem... Tanamedrove avtorTagan ist. mec. doqt. v. goilaZe miiCnevs, rom qarTli 317, an 318 w-s moiqca (goilaZe yuradRebas 1991: amaxvilebda 83-84); im vaxuSti faqtze, rom bagrationi mirian mefe TxoTis mTaze yofnisas 20 ivliss, SabaT dRes moqceula da radgan, misi TqmiT, 20 ivlisi SabaT dReze 317 wels modis, man swored es weliwadi gamoacxada qarTlis moqcevis TariRad; 20 ivlisi SabaT dReze marTlac 317 wels modis (bikermani 1975: 56), aqedan gamomdinare, roca 316 da 317 wlebs Soris gvaqvs gamosarkvevi qarTlis moqcevis TariRi, Cven swored 317 wels vuWerT mxars; vfiqrobT, rom mirian mefes TxoTis mTaze 317 wlis 20 ivliss daubnelda mze da gamoecxada qriste sulieri mzis saxiT (`wmida ninos cxovrebaSi~ rom sulier movlenazea laparaki da ara _ mzis fizikur dabnelebaze, es albaT dakavSirebiT eWvs ix. ar unda siraZe iwvevdes 1975: 171-181; (am sakiTxTan siraZe aRsaniSnavia, rom XVIII s-is moRvawe patriarqi 1987...). makariusi mzis dabnelebaze, an burusze ki ara, aramed mirian mefis dabrmavebaze laparakobs, cxadyofs, rom mirianis fsiqikaSi moxda sulieri movlena da mzis fizikuri dabneleba ar momxdara (Juze 1905...), am sakiTxze imitom vamaxvilebT yuradRebas, rom, rogorc cnobilia, qarTul mecnierebaSi iyo mcdeloba (akad. k. kekeliZe), qarTlis 115 moqcevis zusti TariRi observatoriis monacemebiT gansazRvruliyo, _ yuradReba miqceoda imas, Tu romel wels moxda movlena _ me-4 saukunis mzis dasawyisSi dabneleba... astronomiuli sulieri da fizikuri movlenebi Zvel mwerlobaSi SeiZleba erT prizmaSi iqnas ganxiluli da, amdenad, astronomiuli movlenis drois kvleva gamarTlebulia, Tumca, cxadia, rom, ZiriTadad, am monacemebs ver daveyrdnobiT); rac Seexeba nana dedoflis moqcevas, es movlena, rogorc Cans, 316 wels aris savaraudo... SesaZlebeli yovelive xdeba zemoTqmulis mcxeTaSi wmida Semdeg ninos ukve Semosvlis TariRze msjeloba, _ SesaZloa, es momxdara 310 wels; Tu miviCnevT, rom qarTlis mTavari RvTaebebis: armazis, gacis da gas dReobebi gazafxulobiT imarTeboda, maSin unda vivaraudoT, rom wmida nino mcxeTaSi 310 wlis gazafxulze mosula; `moqcevaÁs~ mixedviT, wmida ninos qadageba qarTlSi mosvlidan meoTxe wels daiwyo, e. i. SegviZlia, vivaraudoT, rom es 314 wels moxda. amrigad, Cven mxars vuWerT vaxuSti batoniSvilis mier gamocxadebul da Semdeg sulxan baraTaSvilis da dimitri baqraZis mier gaziarebul TariRs: qarTlis moqcevis TariRad 317 weli, ufro dazustebiT ki 317 wlis 20 ivlisi gvesaxeba; xolo qarTlis samefo ojaxis moqceva, rogorc dawyebula igi Cans, wmida erTi ninos wliT mier adre qalis dawyebula, _ qarTlis dedoflis _ nanas gankurnebiTa da moqceviT... rodis dacilda wmida nino rifsimeanebs, rodis gamoeqcnen isini dioklitianes? 116 movses xorenacis mixedviT, wmida nino rifsimeanebs somxeTis sazRvrebTan dacilda; xorenacis Tanaxmad, wmida nino somxeTSi arc Sesula (xorenaci 1984: 172). qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT ki, wmida nino somxeTidan maSin gamoiqca, roca usjuloebma asulebi awames. rogorc zemoTac aRvniSnavdiT, safiqrebelia, rom, Tavisi `istoriis~ werisas xorenaci erT-erT wyarod `wmida ninos cxovrebas~ iyenebda da ramdenadac igi wmida ninos ar warmogvidgens somxeTSi rifsimeanebTan erTad Sesulad da dasaxlebulad, ramdenadac igi ar wers, rom wmida nino somxeTidan maSin gamoiqca, roca asulebi sikvdiliT dasajes, safiqrebelixdeba isic, rom `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ adreul, Cvenamde mouRwevel, nusxaSi qarTvelTa mociquli rifsimeanTagan, aseve, somxeTis sazRvrebTan yofnisas Camocilebulad iyo warmodgenili. SesaZloa, rifsimeanTa devna somxeTSi ramdenjerme moxda da erT-erTi sazRvrebTan anarekli aseTi devna yofnisasac unda iyos rifsimeanTa momxdara. SemorCenili swored dRes somxeTis am ambis Cvens xelT arsebul `wmida ninos cxovrebaSi~, romelSic naTqvamia, rom wmida nino vardis buCqSi daemala asulTa mkvlelebs, SesaZloa, igi sxva devnis dros gamoeqca usjuloebs da ara maincdamainc _ maSin, roca rifsimeanebi moakvdines. rodis SeiZleba, CamoSoreboda wmida nino rifsimeanebs? savaraudoa, rom es yovelive 305 wels moxda... rogorc viciT, `wmida grigoris cxovrebaTa~ nusxebSi moTxrobilia, Tu rogor gaugzavna imperatorma diokletianem werili Trdats da rogor 117 acnoba somxeTSi dioklitiane 305 gaqceuli wels asulebis gadadga, Sesaxeb; savaraudoa, rom rifsimeanebi, daaxloebiT, am periodSi Sevidnen somxeTSi da dasaxldnen SedarebiT iq... maT erT mSvidad imperatorobidan miscemda. erTi dasaxlebis diokletianes `moqcevaÁs~ adgilas mixedviT, saSualebas gadadgomis wmida xniT nino faqti 30 marts, paraskevs gamoqcevia usjuloebs; xsenebul wyaros Tu verwmunebiT, swored am dRes dauxocavT rifsimeanebi. rogorc aRvniSneT, vfiqrobT, rom wmida nino rifsimeanTa daxocvis dros ki ara, rac arabul-berZnuli wyaroebis mixedviT, Semodgomaze momxdara, aramed sul sxva devnis dros gamoeqca urjuloebs... arabul-berZnuli versiebis mixedviT, rifsimeanebi Semodgomaze daxoces (arabuli versiiT _ 26 seqtembers, berZnuliT _ 26 oqtombers), amitom 30 anarekli martis unda moxsenieba iyos. sruliad rogorc sxva aRvniSneT, 30 devnis marts paraskevi yofila. 30 marti paraskevze marTlac 305 wels modis (bikermani 1975: 56), amitom vfiqrobT, rom wmida nino rifsimeanebs somxeTis sazRvarTan yofnisas, 305wlis 30 marts, paraskevs, erT-erTi devnisas CamoSorda. rifsimeanTagan CamoSorebis Semdeg wmida ninos somxeTis sazRvrebTan mdebare orbanTSi gamouzamTria (`moqcevais~ mixedviT, _ `uloporeSi~, gamosazamTreblad misvlamde igi jer, orbanTSi albaT, sxvagan cxovrobda) da Semdeg wamosula qarTlisken. faravnis tbidan wamosuli wmida ninos, rogorc viciT, gzaze bevri siZnele unaxavs. vfiqrobT, 118 daueWveblad ar unda miviCnioT, rom mgzavrobaSi, ojaxSi wmida gamoiara es gaCerdeboda gamoricxuli, rom ninom Zalian gza. igi gzaze sacxovreblad es upovari, swrafad, sxvadasxva da ucxo erT ar asuli, aris vTqvaT, zamTarSi, TiToeul ojaxSi ramdenime Tvesac atarebda. Cveni azriT, safiqrebelia, rom 305 wlis 30 martidan manam, sanam igi jer somxeTis sazRvrebTan cxovrobs, xolo Semdeg faravnis tbidan urbnisamde moaRwevdes, 5 weli gadis. ar aris gasakviri, rom amdeni dro gasuliyo rifsimeanTagan misi dacilebidan urbnisSi da Semdeg mcxeTaSi Semosvlamde... rodis unda diokletianes? Tu gamoqceodnen miviCnevsT, rom rifsimeanebi isini somxeTis sazRvrebs 305 wels miadgnen, maSin, cxadia, safiqrebelia, rom asulebi diokletianes 303 wels gamoeqcnen. rogorc aRvniSneT, 303 wlis 23 Tebervals, sazRvarTa RvTaebis dRes, diokletianem rifsimeanebi swored daiwyo am qristeanTa dros unda devna iyon da misgan gamoqceulebi (rifsimeanTa devnas 303 welTan akavSirebs ist. mec. doqt. vaxtang goilaZe (goilaZe 1986: 153); isini, rogorc Cans, daaxlovebiT or wels mosdomnian somxeTamde misvlas. oriode sityva gvinda vTqvaT somxeTis moqcevis TariRTan dakavSirebiTac. rogorc aRvniSneT, mcxeTaSi wmida nino, Cveni varaudiT, 310 wels Semosula da mas 316 wels mouqcevia dedofali nana, xolo 317 zafxulSi _ mirian mefe; arabul-berZnuli mixedviT, qarTli da somxeTi, 119 rogorc wlis versiebis vnaxeT, daaxloebiT erT dros Cans moqceulebi, amitom rifsimeanTa wamebac da Trdatis moqcevac daaxloebiT am periodSia savaraudo. msjelobisagan Tavs TariRebze vikavebT da kategoriuli somxeTis moqcevis TariRTan dakavSirebiTac mxolod varauds gamovTqvamT: Tu miviCnevT, rom wmida grigori Trdatma imave 303 wels Casva dilegSi da, Tu grigorma iq marTla 15 weli gaatara, maSin Trdatis moqcevis wlad, aseve, 317 weli unda vigulisxoT (es im SemTxvevaSi, Tu 15 weliwadSi 303 welsac aTvlidnen da, albaT, asec moiqceodnen, srulad warmoCeniliyo wmida grigoris arabul-berZnuli versiebis mixedviT, da Trdatis moqceva Semodgomaze raTa mowameoba). rifsimeanTa wameba momxdara, aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba, davuSvaT varaudad, rom Trdati 317 wlis Semodgomaze moiqca, ris Semdeg axlo xanebSi somxeTSi, rogorc Cans, erTmaneTs Sexvedrilan, erTi mxriv, wmida grigor-Trdati da, meore mxriv, wmida ninosa da mirian mefis delegacia, rogorc es movses xorenacis `stiriisa~ da, aseve, arabul-berZnul `cxovrebaTa~ teqstebis analizma cxadyo; arabul teqstze dakvirveba gvaraudebinebs, rom wmida grigori xangrZlivi wamebis Semdeg, SesaZloa, swored 303 wels Casves dilegSi. am versiaSi, rogorc aRvniSneT, naTqvamia, rom Trdatma wmida grigori artaSatSi gagzavna da ormoSi Caagdebina, Semdeg avtori gvacnobs, rom wmida grigorma ormoSi 15 weli gaatara, Semdeg ki isev grZeldeba Txroba Trdatis Sesaxeb, naTqvamia, Cagdebis mere rom igi ormoSi gamosazamTreblad 120 wmida TviTonac grigoris artaSatSi wavida... Semdeg avtori gveubneba, rom Trdatma qristeanTa devna daiwyo, kerpebisTvis; rom mere diokletianem yvelas ki aiZulebda, naTqvamia, colis Tayvani rom SerTva ecaT ,,im wels gadawyvita~ da moTxrobilia, Tu rogor gamoiqca romidan dioklitianes mowonebuli rifsime Tavis megobrebTan erTad. rogorc aRvniSneT, diokletianem qristeanebis devna 303 wels daiwyo da Cans, rom rifsimeanebic swored 303 wels arian romidan gamodevnilebi; arabuli versiis mixedviT, rifsimeanTa devna im wels momxdara, romelSic Trdats somxeTSi qristeanTa dauwyia, xolo somxeTis qristeanTa devna uSualod wmida grigoris saboloo datusaRebas mohyolia; arabul versiaSi aSkarad igrZnoba avtoris survili, movlenebi droSi mimdinareobis TvalsazrisiT zustad warmogviCinos, dagvikonkretos, drois ra momentSi ra movlenebi moxda, _ igi xazgasmiT gviCvenebs, rom diokletianem colis SerTva im wels gadawyvita, roca somxeTSi qristeanTa devna daiwyes... am nawarmoebSi wmida grigoris datusaRebisa da somxeTSi qristeanTa devnis ambavi isea naCvenebi, rogorc drois erT monakveTSi momxdari movlenebi, _ naCvenebia, rom Trdatma dilegSi dasaRupavad Caagdo wmida grigori, xolo Semdeg naTqvamia, rom qristeanTa devna daiwyo, rom igi qristeanT emuqreboda, _ me TviT Cemi sayvareli grigori Cavagde ormoSi da Tqvenc dagsjiTo... avtori aq ar cdilobs, am or movlenas Soris mkveTri droiTi zRvari warmogviCinos, ara da es is avtoria, vinc, rogorc iTqva, nawarmoebis am adgilebSi cdilobs, movlenebi droSi 121 mimdinareobis TvalsazrisiT zustad warmogviCinos... iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom wmida grigoris dilegSi Casma da somxeTSi qristeanTa devna avtors gadmocemuli aqvs rogorc uSualod Tanmimdevruli, rogorc drois erT monakveTSi momxdari ori movlena, es ki badebs varauds, rom dilegSi wmida grigoris Cagdeba, somxeTSi qristeanTa devna da romidan rifsimeanTa gamoqceva erT weliwads, _ kerZod, 303 wels xdeba... Tu wmida grigori sabolood 303 wels daatusaRes da misi tyveoba marTla 15 weliwads grZeldeboda, maSin rifsimeanTa wameba, wmida grigoris gaTavisufleba da Trdatis moqceva imave 317 wels aris sagulisxmebeli; Tu rifsimeanebi marTla Semodgomaze awames, maSin unda vivaraudoT, rom Trdati 317 wlis Semodgomaze moqceula... Trdatis moqcevis TariRTan dakavSirebiT, rogorc aRvniSneT, Cven specialistebs mxolod sakiTxze muSaobaSi ganmanaTleblis amjerad varauds vTavazobT, albaT CaerTvebian cxovrebis isini, yvela visac teqstze am grigor miuwvdeba xeli... davubrundeT qarTlis Sesaxeb saubars... qarTuli wyaroebi saSualebas gvaZlevs, kidev ramdenime TariRis Sesaxeb visaubroT: Satberduli `ninos cxovrebis~ mixedviT, wmida nino qarTlSi mosvlidan Tanaxmad, me-14 me-15, wels xolo leonti gardacvlila mrovelis (WeliSuri `cxovrebaSi~ 15 wlis nacvlad 35 welia dasaxelebuli, wmida amitom, nino konstantine cxadia, rom keisarze WeliSuri adre gardaicvala, `cxovrebis~ cnoba gadamweris Secdomis Sedegadaa gaCenili), e. i. SegviZlia, 122 varaudad davuSvaT, rom wmida nino 324, an 325 wels gardacvlila... es momxdara jvari patiosnis aRmarTvidan arcTu didi drois gasvlis Semdeg... xe jvrisTvis 25 marts, paraskevs mokveTes... 25 marti paraskevze 320 wels modis, amitom, safiqrebeli xdeba, rom jvari swored 320 wlis gazafxulze aRumarTavT... Cven saSualeba gveZleva, vimsjeloT mirian mefisa da misi Zis _ revis gardacvalebis TariRzec... revi `mefeTa cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, mirian mefis moqcevidan 25-e wels gardaicvala, `mefeTa cxovrebis~ mixedviT, imave wels gardacvlila Tavad mirian mefec; amdenad, am wyaros monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT, revisa da mirianis gardacvalebis TariRad 342 wels vRebulobT... rac Seexeba am sakiTxze `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ cnobebs... `moqcevaÁSi~, rogorc aRvniSneT, aris cnoba wmida ninos misi qarTlSi mosvlidan me-15 wels gardacvalebis Sesaxeb, Semdeg naTqvamia, gardaicvala mirian gadawerisas Secdomaa nacvlad ocdameoTxe, rom mefe... vfiqrobT, daSvebuli anu, `meoTxesa da welsa~ `moqcevaÁSi~ meoTxe imdroindeli welis stiliT Tu vityviT, ,,meocdaoTxe~ weli unda eweros; rogorc Cans, mirianis gardacvalebis TariRis gadmosacemad `moqcevaÁSi~ aTvlis wertilad mirianis moqcevis faqti auRiaT; safiqrebelia rom `moqcevaÁs~ `mefeTa cxovrebis~TariRTan iqneboda dasaxelebuli, iq 123 Zvel nusxaSi miaxloebuli wlebi mirianis moqcevidan 24-e welze iqneboda saubari, aqedan gamomdinare, mirianis gardacvalebis TariRad, `moqcevaÁs~ mixedviT, 341 wels vRebulobT (`qarTlis cxovrebis~ zogierT variantSi mirianis gardacvalebis TariRad, erT SemTxvevaSi 34-e, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi, 35-e welia dasaxelebuli, magram es TariRebi simarTles rom ar Seesabameba, sruliad cxadia, _ qarTul wyaroebSi naTlad aris naCvenebi, rom mirian mefe konstantines mier baqaris qarTlSi gamogzavnis Semdeg axlo xanebSi gardacvlila; aSkaraa, rom mirianis gardacvalebis daSorebuli); gardacvalebis TariRs revi, TariRi (337w) Zalian `moqcevaÁs~ konstantines ar mixedviT, aris jvari patiosanis aRmarTvidan 23-e wels gardacvlila, rac 342 wels udris (radgan jvari patiosani 320 wlis gazafxulze aRmarTes, 23-e wlis gamoangariSebis erT wlad TviTon 320 welic unda mivaTvaloT). zemoT 317, welze 25 wlis mimatebiT revis gardacvalebis TariRad aseve, 342 miviReT, _ monacemebi erTmaneTs emTxveva, _ vvaraudobT, rom revi gardaicvala 342 wels, mirianis gardacvalebis TariRad 341, an 342 welia savaraudo... davubrundeT qarTlis moqcevis TariRze saubars. maSasadame, Cveni azriT, mirian mefe TxoTis mTaze 317 wlis 20 ivliss, SabaT dRes moiqca. rac Seexeba qarTlSi samRvdeloebis jer pirveli, xolo Semdeg meore nakadis Semosvlas, saeklesio aRmSeneblobebs, mirian mefisa da misi ojaxis, samefo karis, mravalricxovani xalxis naTlobebs, es, cxadia, cota mogvianebiT moxdeboda. 317 wlis 20 ivliss, TxoTis mTaze moqcevis Semdeg, wmida 124 ninosa da mirian mefes sveticxoveli augiaT. Teodorite kvirelis cnobaze dayrdnobiT CvenTvis cnobili xdeba, rom am dros qarTvelebs samRvdeloebis mowvevis sakiTxi jerac ar hqoniaT gadawyvetili (georgika 1961: ); rogorc zemoTac iTqva, arsebobs mosazreba, rom berZnul- laTinuri wyaroebi, romlebic qarTlis moqcevas Seexeba, `wmida ninos CxartiSvili...), cxovrebis~ amitom, cnobebs vfiqrobT, emyareba swored (marina Teodorites cnobaa simarTled misaCnevi da ara _ cnoba `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ romelTa dRes Cvens Tanaxmadac, xelT mefe arsebuli mirians redaqciebisa, TxoTis mTidan Camosvlis umalve, _ jer kidev manam, sanam sveticxovlis Senebas daiwyebdnen, konstantine keisrisTvis gaugzavnia elCebi samRvdeloebis saTxovnelad. rogorc vnaxeT, wyaroebis analizi cxadyofs, rom mirianis moqcevis Semdeg qarTlidan somxeTSi wasula qarTlis samefo delegacia. Zneli misaxvedri ar aris, Tu ra sakiTxze unda momxdariyo es Sexvedra, _ qarTvelebsa da somxebs _ orives am dros erTi sakiTxi hqondaT gadasawyveti, samRvdeloeba, kerZod is, Tu romel eklesiaze saidan aeRoT moewviaT orientacia, _ Cans, im Sexvedraze saboloo gadawvetilebebis miReba ver moxerxda, TavianT magram SeTanxmebulan erT qveynebSi eklesiaTa Senebis SeeCerebinaT, qveynebSi rom samRvdeloebis salocavebad aegoT sakiTxSi, procesi mosvlamde jvrebi... es rom ar TavianT Sexvedra, safiqrebelia, rom _ 317 wlis zamTarSi, an 318 wlis dasawyisSi moxdeboda... amis 125 Semdeg axlo periodSi somxeTis ganmanaTlebel _ grigol parTels kesariis patriarq leontisagan samRvdelo xeldasxma miuRia (rogorc aRvniSneT, leonti kesariis patriarqi 314 wels gaxda, marto es faqtic adasturebs, Tu raoden saeWvoa debuleba, TiTqos, somxeTi 301 wels, Tu am periodis axlo xanebSi, moiqca. am sakiTxze vaxtang giolaZes aqvs yuradReba gamaxvilebuli...), xolo mcxeTis episkoposad konstantines mier gamogzavnili iovane ukurTxebiaT da Semdeg ki wmida ninos xelTaqveS mounaTlavT mirian mefe da misi ojaxi. iovane episkoposad, rogorc Cans, evstaTim akurTxa, _ patriarqi pirovnebam, vinc Semdeg gaxda (iovanes evstaTis miiCnevs vaxtang giolaZe (xsenebul goilaZe 1986)... es, daaxloebiT (324w) mier antioqiis kurTxeulad sakiTxebze 318 wels ix. unda _ iyos momxdari (SesaZloa, Semogvedaon da gviTxran, rom am dros evstaTi antioqeli jer ar iyo patriarqi antioqiisa, magram Cven arc gvgonia, rom im dros, roca evstaTi mcxeTaSi somxeTSi leonti Camovida, TviTon is ar ukve patriarqi Casula, aramed, iyo, petre gaugzavnia, raTa igi gamxdariyo wmida grigoris mTavari xeldamsxmeli; evstaTis safiqrebelia, SemTxvevaSi. patriarqi, aramed rom qarTlSi patriarqisa aseve momxdeboda Camosvlisas da igi konstantines ara mier warmogzavnili iqneboda), SemdgomSi ki ukve, albaT, mTel qarTlSi daiwyes naTlobebi. augiaT sakmaod 320 jvari saeklesio wels, patiosani. aqtiurad rogorc aRmSeneblobebi aRvniSneT, SemdegSi, ganugrZia 126 Cans, vfiqrobT, mirian qarTvelTa da mefes naTloba. safiqrebelia, rom es procesi gansakuTrebiT aqtiuri gaxda 324 wels, _ maSin, roca konstantinem qristeanTa uflebebis Sesaxeb kidev erTi ediqti gamosca... xelisuflebis mier romSi qristeanobis aRiarebis Semdeg saxelmwifoSi qristeanTa (harnaki 618), 1924: ricxvi cxadia, orjer igive gaizarda movlenebi moxda qarTlSic, _ nanasa da mirianis gaqristeanebis Semdeg, Cans, rom qarTlSi erTbaSad iwyo am religiam gaZliereba... ai, is TariRebi, romlebsac savaraudod vTavazobT am sakiTxebiT dainteresebulT. bolos, xsenebul Tematikaze msjelobisas, cxadia, pasuxs iTxovs kiTxva: ratom, an rogor moxda, rom qarTuli wyaroebis zogi monacemis mixedviT, qarTli gvian aris mowameobis moqceuli? Semdeg wmida dabadebulad nino wmida giorgis Cans, xolo qarTlSi qarTvelTa mociquli nikeis krebis (325w) Semdeg mosulad aris warmoCenili. sayuradRebo am sakiTxebTan mosazrebebi aqvs dakavSirebiT gamoTqmuli guram narsiZe.s, mas yuradReba im faqtze aqvs gamaxvilebuli, rom V s-mde, wmida giorgis wamebis TariRad 270-iani ww. iyo miCneuli da ara _ 303, miaCnia, rom `wmida ninos cxovrebaSi~ wmida giorgis cxovrebis im adreuli versiis anareklia SemorCenili... am SexedulebiT, nikeis krebis dadgenilebaSi ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli qalisaTvis mociqulobis nebis micema da, Tu qarTuli wyaroebi wmida ninos qarTlSi nikeis krebis Semdeg mosulad acxadebs, es imis brali unda iyos, rom `wmida 127 ninos cxovrebis~ saeklesio Semdgenelni krebis SiSobdnen, gadawvetilebaTa vinmes darRvevad ar gamoecxadebina is faqti, rom qarTlis mociquli qali gaxda da amitom wmida nino qarTlSi warmouCeniaT iqnas `cxovrebaSi~ nikeis (ZeglSi miCneuli krebis mogviano ramdenime faqtebi SeucvliaT, Semdeg drois winadadeba _ mosulad CanarTad nikeis unda krebis Sesaxeb...); Tu umetesobas ise ecodineboda, rom wmida nino qarTlSi nikeis krebis Semdeg movida saqadageblad, maSin imis CxrekiTac naklebad dainteresdebodnen, _ yovelive am krebis Sesabamisad moxda Tu _ ara qarTlSi, darwmunebulni iqnebodnen, rom qarTvelni krebis Semdeg yovelgvar wess Seumcdarad daicavdnen... saerTod, `wmida ninos cxovrebaSi~ araerTi faqti SemdgomSi aris gadakeTebuli da qarTlSi wmida ninos nikeis krebis Semdeg mosvlis cnobasac redaqtoris xeli marTlac atyvia... (am nawarmoebSi `wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebidan~ gadmoRebuls hgavs agreTve ambavi Trdatis `eSvad~ Secvalebis Sesaxeb. es jer kidev akad. eqvT. TayaiSvils aqvs aRniSnuli (axali varianti 1891: 24, sqolio), SeniSnulia agreTve, rom `wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebaSi~ cxovrebidan~ gadmowerili aris Sinaarsi `wmida ninos dioklitianes werilisa, romelic rifsimeanebs exeba. SesaZloa, swored faqtebis `gaaxalgazrdavebis~ mizniT xdeba, rom `wmida ninos cxovrebaSi~ diokletianes saxeli ar naxsenebi da mxolod keisaria moxseniebuli...) warmodgenili azri angariSgasawevad mogvCnia. 128 aris xolo am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, aqvs Tu ara qals mociqulobis ufleba, Zalian mokled vityviT, radgan wmida nino eCveneboda, Cvengan rom dacvas qals ar saWiroebs. mociqulobis neba is, visac ara aqvs, ZiriTadad eyrdnoboda wmida pavle mociqulis sityvebs: `moZRurebad dedaTa ara ubrZaneb, arca mTavrobad qmrisa, aramed raÁTa iyos igi myudroebiT. rameTu adam pirvelad daibada da mere eva. da adam ara scTa, xolo dedakaci igi scTa da sjulsa gardahda~ (I timoTe, 2,12-14); magram iqve, me-15 muxlSi, wmida pavle mociquli qalis Sesaxeb ambobs: `aramed cxondebis SvilTsxmisagan, ukeTu egnen sarwmunoebiT zeda~... da `SvilT fizikuri, siyuaruliT sxmaSi~ ise da siwmidiT igulisxmeba sulieri Rirsebasa qalis mSobloba, rogorc saerTod, _ aRmzrdeloba ara mxolod Tavisi fizikuri Svilebis, aramed _ sxvebisac. aRzardos, aRmzrdelma cxadia, qristesmieri kargi Svili rom moZRvrebiT unda damoZRvros igi, swavlebis gareSe, rogor aRzrdis karg Svils... amdenad, swavlebis ufleba, qals amgvari, cxadia, aqvs. dedobrivi, wmida pavle keTili qalis mxolod fuWmetyvelebas da sikeTis vermomtan laparaks ebrZvis da ara _ saerTod mis maswavleblobas. wmida ninos imitom ewodeba `dedaÁ Cueni~, rom man Tavisi wynari qadagebebiT qarTvelni qristean adamianebad, Tavis sulier Svilebad aRzarda; monazon qalebs imitom ewodebaT dedani, rom TavianTi swavlebiT, rac Zalian xSirad yovelgvari sityvieri qadagebebis gareSe, Cumad yofniT, samagaliTo, sufTa, keTili cxovrebiT xdeba, 129 did qristeanebs, karg adamianebs zrdian. qals amgvari, umaRlesi simSvidiT savse swavlebis ufleba aqvs da, cxadia, es ufleba hqonda wmida ninosac, iseve, rogorc, bunebrivia, hqonda RvTismSobels (nikoloz gulaberisZis aRniSvniT, wmida nino qarTlSi swored imitom movida, rom es qveyana RvTismSoblis wilxvedri iyo. es azri SemdgomSi Zalian Rrmad ganmtkicda qarTvel xalxSi), magram, SesaZloa, `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ Semdgomi drois redaqtorebi qristeanobis adreul etapze mainc moeridnen mokamaTeebs da amis gamo `wmida ninos cxovrebaSi~ zogi cnoba Secvales... ar aris gamoricxuli, rom adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTlSi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sakmaod mZime viTarebac iyo Seqmnili, ris Sesaxebac dRes Bbevri ram aRar viciT... wmida nino, rogorc aRvniSneT, Cans, 324 Tu 325 wels gardacvlila... 325 wels gaimarTa nikeis kreba, romelzedac qalis mociqulobis uflebaze araferi iTqva; SesaZloa, qarTlSi adreve icodnen, amjerad qalis mociqulobis ufleba rom ar unda gacxadebuliyo da gaugebrobebisa da mokamaTeebTan uTanxmoebisgan Tavis aridebis mizniT qarTlidan nikeis krebaze aravin wasula, maSin, roca dasavleTi saqarTvelos eklesiis warmomadgeneli _ stratofile, rogorc viciT, eswreba krebas... Tu am periodSi ver moxerxda imis cxadyofa, rom qals mociqulobis ufleba aqvs, aseT viTarebaSi qarTvelni mokamaTeTagan imis SiSis gamo, rom qarTuli eklesias mokamaTeebi ar gamosCenoda, iZulebulni gaxdebodnen, TavianTi mociqulis saxeli xmamaRla ar 130 exsenebinaT da ZiriTadad pirvelmociqulebze gaemaxvilenaT yuradReba... `wmida ninos cxovrebac~, iqneb, amitom ar Cans saqveynod me-10 saukunemde... SesaZloa, am viTarebiT sargebloben qarTlis eklesiis mokamaTeni da qarTvelebs wmida grigoris Sesaxeb uwyeben kamaTs, _ grigorma yvelas monofizitoba gvaswavlao, _ ician, rom qarTvelebs wmida grigori marTlac miaCniaT ara marto somxebis, aramed, sxva qveynebisa da, maT Soris, TavianTTvis mzrunvel adamianad da, mravalTa Soris, erT-erT sayvareli maswavleblad (vimeorebT, _ iseTive maswavleblad, rogorebic iyvnen basili didi, grigol noseli, sxvani mravalni...), xolo wmida ninos saxelis xmamaRla xsenebas uaryofen, rom eridebian... wmida grigori qarTvelebi maTi araTu ar maswavlebelicaa, aramed, piriqiT, _ cdiloben, daumtkicon mokamaTeebs, rom es marTlac asea, rom ara marto somxebma, aramed, maTac mSvenivrad uwyian, Tu ras qadagebda wmida grigori da umtkiceben, rom igi qalkedonelobis maswavlebeli iyo... SesaZloa, maTi mokamaTeebi am viTarebiT gaTamamebulebic cdiloben, gaazviadon wmida grigoris mier qarTvelTTaTvis Sesrulebuli maswavlebluri roli... qarTvelebi ki cdiloben, daumtkicon mokamaTeebs, rom TviTonac kargad ician, risi maswavlebeli iyo wmida grigori... qarTvelTa es ganwyobileba moCans kirion da abraam kaTolikosebis mimoweraSi, _ `epistoleTa wignSi~... ra mizeziTac ar unda yofiliyvnen gamowveuli qarTvelTa mokamaTeebis aqtiuroba, erTi ram faqtia, _ konfesiur kamaTSi nel-nela iqmneboda saSiSroeba, rom 131 dabadebuliyo yalbi azri, legenda, TiTqos wmida grigori, _ is, vinc, SesaZloa, misionerebi gamogzavna qarTlSi (msoflios sxvadasxva qveynidan Camosuli aseTi misionerebiT, albaT, savse iqneboda maSindeli qarTli), TiTqos, qarTlis mociquli iyo... qarTvelTa mokamaTeebs, SesaZloa, imedi hqondaT, rom qarTvelni didxans ver gabedavdnen wmida ninos saxelis xsenebas da SesaZlo iyo, damdgariyo dro, roca isini, gatacebulni imis mtkicebiT, rom TviTonac ician, Tu risi maswavlebeli iyo wmida grigori, mas TavianT mociquladac gamoacxadebdnen... SeiZleba davuSvaT varaudi: qarTvelni wmida ninos saxels xmamaRla didi xnis ganmavlobaSi imitom ar axseneben, rom mokamaTeebs SebrZolebis saSualeba ar misces... ZiriTadi yuradReba, SesaZloa, pirvelmociqulTa qadagebis Sesaxeb adreve gadaaqvT... isini sabednierod yalbi istoriis gavlenaSi srulebiT ar eqcevian da wmida grigori TavianT da sxva xalxebis mxolod erTerT did maswavleblad miaCniaT da ara _ momaqcevlad... garkveuli periodis qristeanuli saxelmwifo gasvlis Semdeg Zlierdeba, qarTuli msoflioSi ukve cnobili xdeba, rom qarTlSi qristeanuli dogmatika ar darRveula da, amdenad, ar darRveula arc saeklesio krebis dadgenileba... acnobiereben, rom qarTli gamonaklisi qveyanaa da aq qalis mociquloba Tavidanve iyo gansazRvruli... wilxvdomilebaze nikoloz yovladwmida RvTismmSoblis amaxvileben yuradRebas... gulaberisZe SemorCenil 132 aseT dros mokamaTeebs ukve xmamaRla mimarTavs: `daiyavn piri borotad da amaod damkninebeli qadagebisa da moqcevisa CuenisaTÂs bunebisa mier dedobrivisa. aramed ufroÁsad da umetesad vmoxarulobdeTca da vmoqalaqobdeT mayuedrebelTa maT CuenTa mimarT ugunurebis momzraxTa~ (kekeliZe 1975: 320). _ amieridan wmida ninos saxeli ukve Tamamad cxaddeba qristeanuli msoflios winaSe... aseTia Cveni Sexeduleba qarTlis moqcevis TariRebTan da moqcevis Semdgom momxdar movlenebTan dakavSirebiT. 133 Tavi meSvide qarTlisa da moqcevis kavkasiis istoria sxva qveyanaTa ganxiluli Zeglebis mixedviT axla ki, gavecaniT naSromis dasasruls, arabul-berZnul Zeglebs mas Semdeg, rac da warmovaCineT maTze Cveni Sexeduleba, gvinda, mokled warmovadginoT is istoriuli Strixebi, romlebic xsenebuli versiebis gacnobis Sedegad moixaza. qarTlSi rom adridanve iyo qristeanobis gamarjvebis winapirobebi, es azri dRes siaxles aRar warmoadgens. amas qristeanuli Temebis xels uwyobda arseboba, adgilobrivi warmarTul religiaSi momxdari cvlilebebi; qristeanTa interess iberiisadmi aZlierebda aq arsebuli legendebi elias xalenisa, Tu uflis kvarTis qristeanTaTvis Zlieri Sesaxeb, Zneli impulsi romlebic gasacnobi ar sxva iqneboda. qristeanobis qveynebis es iyo SemosvlisaTvis winareqristeanul xanaSi (kiknaZe 1994: 54). kavkasiis qveynebSi qristeanoba saxelmwifos doneze, rogorc ganxiluli teqstebis analizidan irkveva, erTdroulad, _ me-4 saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi Semodis. am ZeglTa mixedviT, somxeTis, albaneTis, qarTlisa da lazikis qveynebi daaxloebiT erTdroulad qristeandeba da erTdroulad fuZndeba maTi 134 eklesiebi. qarTlSi, sadac tradiciis Tanaxmad, qristeanoba pirvelad andria da mataTa mociqulebma iqadages, rogorc miCneulia, meored, axla ukve samefo karisa da, aqedan gamomdinare, mTeli qveynis somxeTSi, doneze, sadac qadagebs wmida pirvelqadageba nino, tradiciis xolo Tanaxmad, aseve, pirvelmociqulebTan kavSirdeba, _ wmida grigor parTeli ganmanaTlebeli... wmida aris nino devnili rifsimeanTa romis amxanagia, omperator maTTan erTad dioklitianes mier, rogorc savaraudoa, _ 303 wels... devnili rifsimeanebi 305 wlis axlo xanebSi Sedian somxeTSi, iq saxldebian da xelsaqmiT gaaqvT Tavi. dioklitiane 305 wlis 1 maiss gadadga da, rogorc Cans, es maT saSualebas aZlevs, erTxans mSvidad dioklitianesagan icxovron. Trdatma, marTlac icis rogorc somxeTSi Cans, devnili asulebis Sesaxeb, magram ar asrulebs mis survils da ar agzavnis asulebs gadadgomis faqtiT ukan (vfiqrobT, unda aixsnas is, dioklitianes rom Trdatma rifsimeanebi maTi somxeTSi Casvlis SetyobinebisTanave ar Seipyro); wmida nino, rogorc Cans, somxeTSi rifsimeanebTan erTad ar saxldeba, aramed, adre, jer kidev somxeTis sazRvrebTan yofnisas, cildeba megobrebs (savaraudoa, rom erT-erTi devnis dros), rogorc Cans, _ 305 wlis sazRvrebTan qarTlisken gazafxulze. igi erTi xani cxovrobs, Semdeg ki faravnis moemarTeba. safiqrebelia, rom somxeTis am tbidan grZel gzaze igi sxvadasxva ojaxSi didxans cxovrobs. wmida ninos mizani, rogorc Cans, qadagebebis, anu `CrdiloeTis 135 qveynis~ ganaTlebis garda (,,CrdiloeTis qveynis~ simbolikis Sesaxeb ix. alibegaSvili 1994: 53), uflis kvarTis moZebna iyo... rogorc savaraudoa, 310 wels wmida nino mcxeTaSi Semodis, eswreba aqaur warmarTTa dReobas da naxulobs, Tu rogor ingreva Zlieri stiqiis Sedegad mcxeTelebis kerpebi... wmida nino saxldeba mcxeTaSi da nel-nela iZens mowafeebs. mas mcxeTis iudaur diasporasTanac aqvs kavSiri. 311 wels galeriusi, xolo 313 wels konstantine da likinius imperatorebi aqveyneben qristeanTa Semawynarebel ediqtebs, rac, cxadia, mTel msoflioSi cvlis qristeanobisadmi damokidebulebas, Tumca, es ar aris qristeanobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis faqti da amitom romis imperiaSi da sxva qveynebSic warmarTTa mxridan qristeanTa devna jerac isev Zlieria... 316 wels dedofali nana inkurneba wmida ninos mier, rac xels uwyobs am religiiT dedoflis dainteresebas da qristesken nel-nela Semoqcevas. mefe miriani am periodSi warmarTobas jer ar Tmobs, Tumca,AA dainteresebulia wmida ninos religiiT; rogorc `qarTlis cxovreba~ gvauwyebs, dedoflis moqcevis Semdeg iyo mirian mefe `weliwadsa erTsa orgulebasa Sina~ (qarTlis cxovreba 1955:)... rac Seexeba somxeTs, am droisaTvis rifsimeanebi iq erTxans mSvidad cxovrobdnen da xelsaqmiT gaaqvT Tavi. wmida grigori, romelic, rogorc vvaraudobT, 303 wels daatusaRes, jerac dilegSia datyvevebuli... mefe miriani 317 wlis 20 ivliss, _ TxoTis mTaze yofnisas iwamebs 136 qristes da wmida ninosTan erTad iwyebs saeklesio moRvaweobas, _ aSeneben sveticxovels... Cveni varaudiT, cota mogvianebiT, _ 317 wlis Semodgomaze (seqtemberSi, an oqtomberSi) Trdat mefe wamebiT akvdinebs rifsimeanebs, rac mis fsiqikas Zalian cvlis da Trdati, rogorc Cans, fsiqikurad avaddeba. mohyavT wmida grigori, romelTan urTierToba Trdats kurnavs da isic eqceva qristesken. somxeTSi iwyeben qristeanul salocavTa Senebas da warmarTuli taZrebis ngrevas... somxeTisa da qarTlis eklesiebs gadasawyveti aqvT umTavresi problema, kerZod _ is, Tu saidan moiwvion samRvdeloeba... rogorc Cans 317 wels, an 318 wlis dasawyisSi somxeTSi erTmaneTs xvdebian qarTlis samefos mier gagzavnili delegacia da wmida grigorTrdati. savaraudoa, rom Sexvedra swored samRvdeloebis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad xdeba, _ Cans, am Sexvedraze saboloo gadawvetilebas ver Rebuloben da Tanxmdebian mxolod imaze, rom samRvdeloebis mowvevamde warmarTul taZarTa ngrevisa da qristeanul salocavTa Senebis procesi ar SeaCeron... radgan mRvdlebi jer ar hyavT, amitom eklesiebs am sakiTxis ar aSeneben arabul-berZnuli gadawyvetamde da salocavad versiebi sakurTxevlian jvrebs safuZvels ageben... gvaZlevs, gamovTqvaT varaudi, rom xsenebul Sexvedraze albaneTisa da lazikis xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebic Rebuloben monawileobas. somxeTs gezi, am wyaroTa mixedviT, kesariaze auRia, _ wmida grigors samRvdelo kurTxeva kesariis patriarqad 314 wels xeldasxmuli leontisagan 137 miuRia da somxeTSi samRvdeloeba kesariidan mouwveviaT; qarTlSi ki Semosulan gamogzavnili mRvdlebi, konstantine mcxeTis keisris mitropoliti mier iovane gamxdara. safiqrebelia, rom mas xeli daasxa evstaTi antioqielma, SemdgomSi _ antioqiis patriarqma. rogorc Cans, es 318wels momxdara. qarTlis samefo kars wmida ninos xelTa qveS iovane episkoposisgan miuRia naTloba... somxeTis samefo kari da didZali xalxi ki wmida grigol parTels mounaTlavs... SemdgomSi qarTlSi konstantine keisars samRvdeloebis meore nakadi gamougzavnia da dawyebula aq episkoposTa dadginebis procesi. rogorc Cans, 320 wlis gazafxulze mcxeTaSi aRumarTavT jvari patiosani... samRvdeloebis meore nakadis mosvlisa da mTel qarTlSi episkoposTa dadginebis ganmanaTlebels, romelic, somxebs, aramed sxva periodSi rogorc Cans, qveynebsac grigor ara mxolod sTavazobda xolme misionerul moRvaweobas, qarTlSi gamougzavnia aqamde sebastiaSi diakvnad moRvawe misioneri, erovnebiT qarTveli kaci, saxelad irenarxe, gamougzavnia, rogorc Cans, imisaTvis, rom am ukanasknels Tavisi gamocdilebis gaziareba dakavebul safiqrebelia, SeeTavazebina episkoposTa qarTvelTaTvis... rom, amgvarive albaneTsa da dadginebiT mizniT, lazikaSic gamgzavrebula ori pirovneba: sofroni da Toma. rogorc Cans, axladdaarsebuli eklesiebi erTmaneTTan Zalzed megobrul damokidebulebaSi yofilan... 138 rogorc vfiqrobT, 324 an 325 wels gardacvila wmida nino. amis Semdeg ramdenime xans, rogorc Cans, iseTi viTareba Seqmnila, rom qarTvelni wmida ninos Sesaxeb cxadad aRar laparakobdnen, radgan zogierT wreSi, etyoba, miaCndaT, rom qals mociqulobis ufleba ara aqvs; am periodSi aRar Cans iseTi Zegli, rogoricaa `wmida ninos cxovreba~, magram daaxloebiT me-10 s-dan wmida ninos saxelis xseneba isev Tamamad xdeba, radgan ukve yvelasTvis cnobilia, rom qals mociqulobis ufleba aqvs, miT umetes, _ qarTlSi, sadac qalis kulti, Cans, ZvelTaganvea gabatonebuli... wmida ninom qarTlSi imoRvawa, magram gaxda ara qarTlis, aramed qarTvelTa mociquli, radgan erovnuli saxe qristeanobas swored wmida ninom misca... rogorc akad. n. berZeniSvili aRniSnavda, _ wmida nino da qarTli mTeli saqarTvelos ganmanaTleblad esaxebodaT (berZeniSvili 1975: 624). amrigad, grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis arabulberZnuli versiebis monacemebis gaTvaliswineba da maTi kritikuli Seswavla saSualebas gvaZlevs, ukeT gavaSuqoT qarTlis da kavkasiis me-4 saukunis pirveli meoTxedis istoria. 139 daskvnebi: ZiriTadi daskvnebi Semdeg saxes Rebulobs: 1. wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis arabuli da, aseve, berZnuli versiebi ar iZleva safuZvels, rom grigor parTeli kavkasiis sxva momaqcevelad qveynebisa iqnas Tu maTi miCneuli. kavkasiis qarTvelTa, an mefeebis cnobebi sami wmida grigoris mier qveynis mefeTa moqcevisa da naTlobis Sesaxeb grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis uZvelesi nusxis literaturuli gadamuSavebis Sedegia. 2. arabuli versiebi ar iZleva safuZvels, rom wmida grigoris mier kavkasiis sam qveyanaSi gagzavnili sasuliero pirebi am qveynebis saeklesio pirebad miviCnioT. 3. arabuli literaturuli iZleva, versiis Zeglebis gamovTqvaT da, aseve, Seswavla qarTlis sxva saSualebas moqcevis savaraudo TariRi, Cveni azriT, es aris 317 weli. 4. wmida gansaxilveli warmoCnda grigor ganmanaTleblis versiebis ramodenime Seswavlis detali 140 kavkasiis cxovrebis Sedegad qveynebis qristeanizaciasTan dakavSirebiT. cxadi xdeba, rom am qveynebis warmomadgenelni samRvdeloebis mowvevis win somxeTSi erTmaneTs Sexvedrian; cxadi xdeba, rom wmida grigori mezobel qveynebSi Tavis misionerebs agzavnida xolme... 5. ar aris misaRebi varaudi arabuli teqstis berZnuli teqstidan Targmnis daTariReba ar safuZvels. arabuli siaxlove iZleva erTi am da Sesaxeb, varaudis teqstebis gamoTqmis berZnuli teqstebis winare teqstidan saerTo momdinareobiT unda aixsnas. 6. grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis uZvelesi versia, savaraudoa, marTlac agaTangelosis mier. im moxseniebuli yofila IV uZveles s-Sia Seqmnili versiaSi, qarTvelTa Cans, mqadagebeli `nune~... grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis somxuri teqstidan cnobebi urTierTobebis Sesaxeb, qarTvel-somexTa rogorc ganxeTqilebis Semdeg amouRiaT. 141 Cans, Zveli saeklesio arabuli teqstis (sina ar #460) qarTuli Targmani upasuxa mas netarma, uTxra: ,,diaR, es aris Cemi RmerTis uxilavi qmnileba, _ [igi] iTeseba uZlurebiT da aRdgeba ZaliT, iTeseba xrwnilebiT da aRdgeba uxrwnelebiT15, tiriliT itireben, romelnic Tesaven, rac niSnavs gansacdelT, dardebs da tkivilT. da Cven daviTmenT RmerTis gamo, da roca mova Jami sTvelisa, maSin movimkiT Znebs sixarulis, mxiarulebis da netarebis. mefem Tqva: ,,daartyiT magas TavSi~, _ mere uTxra netars: ,,es aris Seni sixaruli, amaze melaparakebi?~. wmidanma miugo: ,,diaR, es aris Cemi sixaruli, Tu ar gaoflianda mxvneli, Tu ver aitana mzis mxurvaleba, ise ver SeZlebs, iamayos Tavisi mosavliT16~ mefem miugo: ,,maSasadame, saWiro yofila, rom Sen axla gaofliande da daiqanco”. brZana, rom moetanaT Zmari da natriumi, wmidani zurgze daegdoT, Tavi marwuxebSi moeqciaT da miemagrebinaT, moetanaT milebi da cxvirSi mariliani da natriumiani Zmari CaesxaT. da aRsrulda es. 15 Sead. pavle, korinT., I, 15, 43; bibliuri paralelebi naCvenebia akad. n. maris mier dadgenil teqstSi (mari 1905)... 16 ‫يتع بغ ته‬, 142 [Semdeg] brZana, moetanaT tomara da igi Rumelis ferfliT aevsoT. Camoacves tomara Tavze, kiserTan piri moukres, raTa ver esunTqa; roca sunTqavda, ferfls SeisunTqavda xolme. am tanjvaSi cxviriT eqvs dRes datova. [Semdeg] brZana, moeyvanaT mis winaSe da moexsnaT tomara kisridan. uTxra mas mefem: _ ,,es saidan mosulxar, me ase mgonia, Sen axla im sasufevlidan moxvedi, romelzedac gviambobdi xolme~. grigoriusma miugo: ,,diaR, im sasufevlidan movedi, romelzedac giambobdi xolme. me Cemi RmerTi axla Tavisi saxelis gamo tanjviT marCevs; man marTla ukve ganmimzada sasufeveli, romelic ar ixrwneba. am ferflis sanacvlod maradiuli yvavilebi ganmimzada, Zmris sanacvlod ki _ sixaruli dauleveli~. da maSin mefe aRivso ukeTurebiT; brZana, CamoekidaT igi da gverdebze rkinis samurveli SemoertyaT. im adgilas, sadac netars tanjavdnen, Rrmulebi sisxliT aivso. uTxra wmidans: _ ,,dammorCildi axla da gaakeTe, rac meameba, he, grigorius!~ miugo netarma: _ ,,me Cemi RmerTis mcnebas vicav, siymawvilidanve yovelgvari WeSmaritad, viswavle siavisa rom Sen igi; da ar mbrZaneblob da Tanac mxsnelisadmi samsaxursa RmerTs Cemi gansacdelisagan icnob mas, memuqrebi, da 143 daxsna ZaluZs; amitomacaa, raTa siyvaruls da rom ganmaSoro maradiul tanjvaSi davrCe~. miugo mefem: _ ,,sad aris Seni RmerTi, maS, movides da gixsnas Cemi xelisgan.~ da brZana mefem, moetanaT rkinis narebi da sasaxlis ezoSi ise daelagebinaT, rom erTi meores dayrdnoboda17 brZana, samoselisagan ganZarcvuli wmidani zed daegdoT da zemodan dawolodnen manam, sanam [narebi] sxeulTan ar gauerTiandeboda. da saqmiT aRsrulda es. meore dRes moaZaxa mas mefem, uTxra: _ ,,gaocebas var, fiqri momeZala, _ jerac cocxali xar! _ da ar gawuxebs mravali satanjveli, rasac gimzadeb. is ki ara da jiutad ambob: _ sikvdils veswrafio. ukve ramdeni xania, itanjebi~. wmida grigoriusma miugo: _ ,,me Cemi ZaliT rodi vuZleb Sengan [mogvril] satanjvels, _ Cemi RmerTi mexmareba _ ieso qriste. igi mamxnevebs misken swrafvaSi, raTa Seigno, rom aravis ZaluZs Cemi da, aseve, masze mindobilebis misi siyvarulisgan CamoSoreba. WeSmaritad, rom igia, vinc Zalas iZleva da exmareba mis gamo tanjvis atanaSi. visac sjuli18 ar gaaCnia, Sennairi TvalTmaqcebi, Seicnoben TavianT ususurobas da Sercxvenilni iqnebian meored mosvlis dRes~. amaze Zalian [grigoriusisaTvis] miemagrebinaT, [daeyenebinaT] gabrazda rkinis filisaTvis da [wmidani] Tirdat fila amoedoT SuaSi sami mefe, rkinis dRis brZana da zed naWeri ganmavlobaSi Tavdayira Camokidebuli hyolodaT. da aRsrulda es. 17 18 ‫ق‬ ‫ت‬..., _ vulgar., swori formaa _ ‫ تس ق‬... ‫ن م‬, 144 mesame dRis bolos brZana, moegvaraT igi, uTxra: _ ,,xom xedav, grigorius, ver giSvela Senma fuWma rwmenam, romelzedac saubrob xolme, ver dagixsna Cemi xelisgan~. grigoriusma miugo: ,,me aqedan imas vxedav, Se, mtarvalo, rom ususuri xar, ar gZalgiZs, CamomaSoro Cemi RmerTisadmi siyvaruls. mag mwikvlovani eniT ver axerxeb, rom misdami siyvarulisagan ganmidriko goneba. ar maSinebs Sengan mogvrili satanjveli imitom, rom Cemi RmerTis _ ieso qristes meoxebiT Sevebi mters, vinc Seni meoxebiT WeSmaritebas ebrZvis. sxeuli tkivilebisa da tanjvisaTvis imitom gavimete, rom vici, minda es, Tu ar minda, uciloblad ganqardeba es warmavali sxeuli. xams, rom warmavali adamiani gadaegos manam, sanam movidodes yovlis Semqmneli da Semoqmedi da ganaaxlebdes daberebul adamianebs, imaT, visac amqveynad simdabliT keTilsulierebiT ucxovriaT, [vinc] wmidebi [arian da RmerTis] madidebelni, [vinc] samarTlianobiT [cxovroben] da RmerTis moSiSni gaamSvenierebs da [arian], swored ganacxovelebs. ganmdgarT da winaaRmdgomT, eSiniaT da cecxlSi kerpebs gagzavnis, ganaaxlebs, xolo [RvTisagan] maT, visac RmerTis ar eTayvanebian, miuzRavs maT marad TavianTi Cauqrobel codvebisamebr, gansakuTrebiT maT, vinc SensaviT kerpebs emonebian~. mefem, roca moismina es, Zalian gabrazda da uTxra grigoriuss: ,,me ar maRelvebs Seni ukanasknel dRes gangaaxlebso, damasevdiana, rom, Turme, iseT romelic ar qreba. [ai], naTqvami, _ RmerTi im sityvebma ki cecxlSi unda gamgzavnos, me ki Sen axlave amqveynad moganiWeb 145 im cecxls, romelic qreba, erTi vnaxo, rogor mova Seni RmerTi da rogor dagixsnis~. da brZana mefem, rkinis qvabSi tyvia daednoT da [grigoriusi] Sig CaeSvaT. da aRsrulda es. roca CauSves, zed Semoawva mTeli mxurvaleba. [magram] wmidani srul gonebaze darCa da pasuxobda mis sityvebs. misma moTminebam mefe Zalian gaakvirva, uTxra: _ ,,axla rogorRa muSaobs Seni suli da Seni sxeuli, ukve ramdeni xania, sxvadasxvagvari satanjveliT itanjebi Cemgan~. wmida grigoriusma upasuxa, ,,gana ar Tqva: _ giTxari _ gamocdas dagviwyeb Cven _ WeSmariti RmerTis msaxurebs meTqi? WeSmaritad, rom igi gvaZlevs Zalasa da moTminebas, raTa SevarcxvinoT mterni misni da Sennairi winaaRmdgomni. amieridan daculni varT mcnebaTa mier, im madliT vifarviT, romelic yvela mis mosiyvarules mogvmadla Tvisi saxeliT, raTa [sicocxliT] aRgvavsos meored mosvlisas. Cven axla misi SemweobiT vuZlebT mware satanjvels, Cveni uflis _ ieso qristes saxeliT~. maSin brZana mefem, wmida grigoriusisaTvis fexi SeekraT, kiserze jaWvi CamoekidaT, artasatSi19, xel- waeyvanaT qalaq CaegdoT gvelebiTa da morielebiT savse, Rrma ormoSi, raTa SeeWamaT im qvemZromebs. da saqmiT aRsrulda es. cotaxnis Semdeg mefe Tirdatic gaemgzavra im qalaqSi gamosazamTreblad. 19 ‫ا ط ص ط‬, 146 da darCa netari im ormoSi TxuTmet weliwads. da igi RmerTis madliT Wamda, svamda da inaxeboda. xolo qvemZromebi axlosac ar gakarebian. amis Semdeg mefe Tirdatma brZaneba gasca da yvela olqSi, romelic ki mas emorCileboda, gagzavna mTavrebi da xelisufalni da ubrZana xalxs, RmerTebisadmi msxverpli daeklaT da Tayvani ecaT. yvela is, vinc ar dauklavda [RmerTebs] msxverpls da ar scemda Tayvans, xel_fexSeborkili [unda] wamoeyvanaT mefesTan. qristes morwmuneebisadmi sibraze gauZlierda, gaiZaxoda: _,,egeni arian, xels rom uSlian xalxs RmerTebis msaxurebaSi~. didZal saCuqars hpirdeboda yvela imas, vinc qriteanis kvals miagnebda, [xolo] imaT vinc maT Seifarebda, Zlieri satanjveliTa da mware sikvdiliT emuqreboda: ,,me ase [TviT] Cem sayvarel grigoriuss moveqeci, romelic ar damyabulda, sxvadasxvagvari satanjvelis [miyenebis] Semdeg ormoSi Cavagde, raTa qvemZromTagan daRupuliyo. RmerTebis SiSiT ar Sevinaxe misi siyvaruli. Tqvenc swored RmerTebis SiSiT gadarCebiT~. da moisurva, im weliwads mefe diokletianusma qali raTa daqorwinebuliyo masze. Tavis mraval samTavroSi mravali mxatvari daagzavna da ubrZana maT, mTel saxelmwifoSi etrialaT, sadac ki keTilSobil qalwuls naxavdnen, daexataT igi da moetanaT misi suraTi. isini monasterSi, romSic sadac daeSvnen qalwuli da qalebi gaemarTnen cxovrobdnen. erT [im] qalwulebs erTi winamZRvari hyavdaT, mas saxelad gaiane 147 erqva. pureuls arafers Wamdnen, mxolod dalbobili parkosani mcenareebiTa da mwvanileuliT gahqondaT Tavi. erTavad locvebs aRavlendnen Cveni uflis _ ieso qristes mimarT. am monasterSi erTi qalwuli iyo, mas rifsime erqva. igi morwmune mefeTa STamomavali iyo. roca [im] TvalTmaqcis wargzavnilebma da mxatvrebma naxes igi, [ixiles] mSveniereba qalwulisa, aman Zalian gaaoca isini. daxates misi saxe, mSveniereba da waiRes mefesTan. da roca mefem naxa es saxe, Zalze moixibla da gagzavna xalxi, daqorwinebuliyo arxonts, rom masze. mmarTvels, moeyvanaT da ubrZana rom qalwuli, mraval saqorwilo raTa mTavars, zeimze gamocxadebuliuvnen. Dda, roca ixiles wmidanebma maT winaaRmdeg mtris gamolaSqreba da sabrZolvelad ukve alesili maxvilebi, locvad daeyudnen, moTqmiTa da tiriliT SesTxovdnen RmerTs gamxnevebasa da gansacdelisagan daxsnas. TiTqos erTi Ppiri aqvTo, ise ambobdnen: `ufalTa ufalo,ARmerTTaARmerTo, Sen xar meufe ukuniTi ukunisamde, RmerTi zecisa, vinc sityviT dabade naTeli,zeca da qveyana, Seamke igi; vinc miwisagan dabade kaci, miec mas sibrZne, pativi, zedaadgine yoveliveze, Sen xar Zali Senze mindobilTaTvis! gvasxure [Seni madli], Cven isev brZolaSiQvarT, gvixsen sazari gansacdelisgan, eSmakeuli cdunebisagan, raTa gandiddes saxeli Seni, [raTa] eklisia, raTa ar Cagviqres lamprebSi 148 amaRldes Seni zeTi, raTa ar Caqres lampari gzisQnaTels Cveni sibnele rwmenisa, Ramis, ar ar moewios agvicdes fexi Cveni Seni sinaTlis gzidan, ar dagvibneldes Tvalni, ucxoni ar gavxdeT Seni QWeSmariti naTlis mTovarisTvis, ar waritacos mkvlelma arwivma Teslebi, romelnic CvenSi daTesa Zem Senma mxolodSobilma, Cvenma ufalma ieso qristem, ar wabilwos mxecma mtacebelma siwmide Seni samwyosi, mparavma mgelma ar imZlavros Sensa kravebze, ar ganabnios cxvrebi Seni eklesiisa. Sen, o, ufalo, Cveno RmerTo, Ze Seni mxolodSobili qveynierebis saxsnelad warmogzavne, roca movida sixaruliT aRivso samyaro. yvelas saxeldebiT uwode israeli. Cven SevinaxeT mcneba Seni, Sen ase gvamcne; `Tu gagdevnian am qalaqidan, sxvaSi wadiT, ver daasrulebT qalaqebs israelisa, rom mova Ze kacis~, gvexsen, ufalo, sulebi Senze mondobilebi, raTa ar wagvbilwon TvalTmaqcebma, ver daeuflon siwmides Sensa es ZaRlebi, [ver daeuflon] margalits Cveni ubiwoebis isini, vinac Rorebs mimsgavsebulan; codvis mdinare safuZvels Seni de, nu Searyevs wmida eklesiisa, Sens mociqulTa mtkice rwmeniT is daeSena kldes Seuryevels, is daemyara safuZvels mTavars _ ufalsa Cvensa ieso qristes, da gadmoixede; Sen, maS, ufalo, gangvamtkice zecidan Seni saxarebis siwmidisa WeSmaritebiT, wargvmarTe ise, rom viaroT Seni nebiT, raTa miviRoT 149 sazRauri danapirebi Seni naTlis wiaRSi20 myofebis; da dagvifare Sens frTaTa qveSe; da, Tu vewieT nebasa Sensa, maS, veRirsebiT SevsvaT Tasi mowameobis, miviRebT gvirgvins umankoebis, Seni brwyinvaled mosvlisa dResa~. Dda, roca locva daasrules, qalwulebi: netari rifsime, winamZRvari gaiane, monazonTa mTeli krebuli, Seudgnen TavianTi siqalwulis gaiqcnen, gaemarTnen romelsac ararati 21 somxeTis dacvas Seryvnisgan. qveyanaSi, adgilisaken, hqvia. sanam qalaqSi Sevidodnen, jer erT venaxSi mividnen, sadac FsawnexeloSi iyo da iq daimalnen. Tavi xelsaqmiT gahqondaT, xolme vinmes, visac maTi naSromiT _ gagzavnidnen qalaqidan saWmeli mohqonda. romSi, romis mraval qveyanasa da xalxSi, maT gamo aurzauri atyda. mefe diokletianusma Sikriks somxeTis mefe TirdatTan wmidaTa Sesaxeb dawerili werili gamoatana. [Tirdatma] miiRo werili da gaixara. werilSi ase iyo: `yovlismpyrobel keisar diokletianusisagan, Cems sayvarel Zmas _ Tirdats! mokiTxva Cveni mefobisagan! gacnobebT, Tu ra moxda CvenSi qristeanTa mizeziT. isini jvarcmul kacs emonebian, xis naWers scemen Tayvans da mkvdari adamianis Zvlebs adideben. roca TavianTi sjulis gamo sikvdili ewevaT xolme, amboben: _ ,,es ‫ _ ح‬vulg., swori formaa _ pirdapiri mniSvnelobaa _ К 20 21 ‫ا اط‬, 150 ‫ح‬. am sityvis _ baranovi 1977: 157; CvenTvis dideba da pativiao.~ Cveni sjulisagan gandgnen. ukve dagviblagvda xmlebi [maTi xocviT], isini ki mainc ar uSindebian sikvdils; erTi iudeveli kacisadmi rwmenisagan sul gadavidnen zRvars, yovlismpyrobelebs ganagdeben, did RmerTebs uaryofen. ori didi vgulisxmob, `egeni mnaTobis maTTvis jvarcmulma qveynierebis xalxs Zala, arafers Seqmnao~. mzesa da warmoadgens, da RmerTTa mswraflad mTvares amboben: _ gandreken Tayvaniscemisgan, kacebs TavianT qalTagan aSoreben da qalebs TavianT qmarTagan. mZlavr satanjvelTa ase bevri moTminebiTa da ataniT, [TavianTi rwmenis] erTgulebiT TavianTi sisxlis RvriT ganumtkicdaT [ufro] [ufro] gaZlierdnen, gamravldnen da sarwmunoeba. me maTSi, am sjulis xalxSi, erTi Zalian kargi asuli momewona. gadavwyvite, meqorwina, magram gamtaces, Tvalsa da xels Sua gameqcnen, Cems xelmwifebas ar SeuSindnen, Cems muqaras da Cems aranair mZlavrebas ar Seudrknen da gamtaces asuli. masTan erTad mTeli jgufia, _ Turme Sens samflobeloSi mosulan. aba, Sen ici, gaisarje maT mosaZebnad, vinc asulTan erTad arian, daxoce, qalwuli ki gamomigzavne. Tu mogewonos, daitove SenTvis. egeTi lamazi mTeli romis qveyanaSi aravin minaxavs. mSvidoba Senda!~ roca mefe Tirdatma waikiTxa mefis werili, brZana, yvela olqSi eZebnaT es qalwuli gogona; vinc mouyvanda, didZal saCuqars Sepirda. 151 didi mRelvareba atyda qalwulis gamo somxeTis qveyanaSi. wmidanebi, samwyso qristesi, qalaq valarsapatTan axlos _ sawnexeloSi iyvnen damalulebi. da im dReebSi ipoves asulebi. SeuZlebelia, daimalos WeSmariti saunje, arc naTeli lamprisa ar iqneba qveSe WurWlisa, aramed xams, rom sruliad gamocxaddes qveynad siwmide misi naTlisa, rogorc amcno es ufalma Tavisi mowafeT: ,,ase gamoCndes naTeli Tqveni Tqvenni keTilni winaSe da xalxis, raTa ganadidon mama ixilon Tqveni, saqmeni romelic caSia~. erTma [kacma] sawnexeloSi naxa isini, daabezRa. movidnen maTTan, daatyveves wavida da da sam dRes darajobdnen. roca TavianTi Tvalebi wmidanebma modarajeni, ixiles eSmakis mociqulebi, ewiaT gansacdeli, mixvdnen, tiriliT aRapres zecisaken, xelebic zecisaken hqondaT SemarTuli, moTqvamdnen da tirodnen, [Svelas] SesTxovdnen imas, vinc ixsna pirveli gansacdelisgan. sami dRis Semdeg am ambavma mefis yuramde miaRwia. diliT [mefem] brZana, rom gaiane da yvela monazoni im adgilas daculni daetovebinaT, netar rifsimes ki gaugzavna Tavisi cxeni da mravali xeli Zvirfasi tanisamosi, raTa igi pativiT Sesuliyo qalaqSi didi silamazis Sesaxeb imitom, rom, roca misi Seityo, ganizraxa colad SeerTo. roca netarma gaianem dainaxa, rac xdeboda, uTxra rifsimes: `Svilo, gaxsovdes, rom Sen ukve miatove Seni 152 mamis memkvidreoba da Seiyvare WeSmariti naTeli Cveni meufis _ ieso qristesi, romelmac aRuwereli sikeTeni gangvimzada mis moyvarulebs; gaxsovdes, rom Sen ukve moiZule sawuTro22 da airCie zeciuri sameufeo Cveni uflisa _ ieso qristesi; nu Caugdeb Sens qalwulur umankoebas am ZaRlebs, anu am borot TvalTmaqcT, Sens wmida taZars nu wabilwav, Svilo, aramed iyos igi taZrad Cveni uflisa, vinc gvamcno WeSmaritebis gza, [romelsac] siymawvilidan [misi] diadi meufebis dRisken [mivyavarT]~. roca rifsimem ixila aurzauri, rac maT garSemo sufevda, da, roca gaianes sityvebic moismina, ganmtkicda suliwmidiTa da im rwmeniT, rac siymawvilidanve hqonda, daisaxa pirjvari da warmoTqva: `ufalo Cemo da RmerTo Cemo, yovlis mpyrobelo, Sen, vinc Sehqmeni is, rac ar yofila, xiluli da uxilavi, visi brZanebiTac sufevs qveyniereba, Sen, vinc merve Jams borotsa da TvalTmaqc xalxs warRvna mouvline, xolo sayvareli Seni noe23 ixseni kidobansa Sigan, rac saxe aris jvarisa, Sen, vinc ixseni abraami, TvalTmaqc qananelTa Soris moqceuli, [xolo] mxevali Seni sara Tavisi siwmidis gamo sasikvdilo sasmisisagan gadaarCine, Sen, vinc Seiwyale mona Seni isaki, Sen, vinc mxevali Seni rebeka filistimelebs ganaride, Cvenc dagvifare Senadmi WeSmariti rwmenis ZaliT, nu gadagvcem [mters], 22 23 ufalo, [dagvifare] Seni saxeliT, ‫ _ م ك الف ن‬Seni warmavali samefo (sameufo), ‫( ن‬n ḥ), 153 romelic gvamcne, [gadagvarCine] Seni sityvebiT, romelnic Cvens bageebSi danerge, raTa dagvixsna mtris maxeTagan; Sen [ukve] moaqcie CvenSi saxeli Seni, Segvqmeni taZrebad Seni RmerTobisaTvis, [Sen ukve] gvamcne [saxeli Seni], raTa Seni wmida saxeli kurTxeul iyos Cvens gulebSi, da gangvimtkicdes gonebaSi Seni mcnebebi. ager, Sekrebilan borotni, raTa Seuracxyon saxeli Seni wmida, romelic CvenSia gamoxatuli, raTa wabilwon wminda taZari Seni; Cven uZlurni varT, uRirsebi, Sen daifare Cveni suli didi wyalobiT borotTa mier wabilwvisagan. mxsnelo, kacTmoyvarev, mogvec gamarjveba, Seni wminda saxeliT gagvamarjvebine gansacdelze, gars rom mogvxvevia; daifare Cveni siqalwulis umankoeba, raTa, ros movalT Sekrebaze SenTa wmidaTa, Cvenc miviRoT sazRauri, rasac miiRebs yoveli igi, vinc moiTmina SiSiT, vinac daicva mcnebebi Seni. Sen, o, ufalo, dagixsnia noe warRvnisgan, Cvenc dagvixseni maTgan, visac ara aqvT sjuli, am warRvnisgan, romelic zed mogvZalebia; Sen kidobanSi dagifaravs cxovelebi, velurnic da Sinaurebic, frinvelebi da qvemZromebi. maS, ufro metad, ufro metad daifare xateba Seni, is, vinc Tayvans gcems, vinc gmorCilebs umankoebiT~. da, roca locva aRasrula, gars winamZRolni, warCinebulni, gadaewyvitaT Semoertynen mefisaTvis misi migvra pativdadebiT, raTa [mefes] colad SeerTo. da wmidanebma, roca naxes, rom jari ukve gars Semoertya, xelebi aRapyres, moTqmiT SehRaRades zecas. 154 yovlismpyrobel RmerTs Svelas SesTxovdnen, raTa daexsna mtris siavisagn, moTqmiT iZaxdnen, ambobdnen: `ufalo, CvenTan avxorcoba ar damkvidrdeba, Cvens gulT ver acdunebs simdride iqneba siyvaruli misi warmavali, CvenTan ver damcinavi gemoTmoyvarebis, ver Segvaorgulebs SiSi, tanjva, dagvtanjon, Tundac, aTi aTasjer, mainc ara SevdrkebiT, [mainc] ar gavcvliT cxovrebas maradiuls, sikeTeT aRuwerels am warmavalsa dasaZulvel wuTisofelze; marTlac rom, verc siRrme, verc simaRle, verca mZlavreba verca tajva, verca muqara, verc dayvaveba, veraviTari tajva, verc cecxli, verc wyali, verc gancxromisa, maxvili, verc verca simdidre, dRevandeli, verc verca momavali, siuxve verca sicocxle, verca sikvdili ver SeZlebs, CamogvaSoros Cveni ufalis _ ieso qristes siyvarulisgan. da amitomac misTvis SevinaxavT siwmides Cveni gvaqvs Cven sasoeba siqalwulisa. misadmi da mis siyvaruls veswarafviT, raTa madlobiT, didebiT wavrdgeT mis winaSe~. da roca locva daasrules, xma igi ambobda: Soris var, `gaZlierdiT da CamoesmaT zecidan, ganmtkicdiT, me Tqvens me, vinc gfaravdiT siwmidis gamo, mogviyvaneT am qveyanaSi, raTa ididos saxeli Cemi aqauri xalxSi. gixarodeT da nu SeZrwundebiT, sixarulis da netarebis radgan wiaRamde, rac Tqven da Cemi saxelis yovel moyvaruls!~ 155 amaRldebiT gangimzadeT da quxili gagrZelda didxans. gamgeblebs, meTaurT esmodaT igi. vardebodnen isini eswrafodnen24, qalwulebs cxenebidan, mkvdrebs amsgsvsebdnen. xocavdnen da cxenebi kacni sisxli qelavdnen maT SiSisgan moiRvreboda. vinc magram da erTurTs gadarCnen, daimaxsovres yovelive, rac moxda, is locvac [romelic warmoTqves]25 qalwulebma. wavidnen da acnobes mefes. roca mefem es gaigona, Zalian gabrazda da Tqva: `radgan pativiT ara surs mosvla, damcirebulad wamoiyvaneT!~ wavidnen wargzavnilni da wamoiyvanes netari rifsime. mohyavdaT ZaliT manam, sanam ar mohgvares mefes. xmamaRla yviroda da gaiZaxoda: `ufalo, ieso qriste, Seewie Sens mxevals.~ male miiyvanes sasxleSi da [mefes] darbazSi warudgines, netari ki RmerTs SehRaRadebda iZaxoda: `Zliero ufalo, RmerTo WeSmarito, Sen, vinc ganape wiTeli zRva da ixseni eri Seni, Sen, vinc unayofoebidan, ese igi kldidan, wyali aRmoacene da daarwyule eri Seni mwyurvali, [Sen, vinc] mona Seni, iona, zRvis siRrmeSi gadauSvi da iq daifare dauzianeblad, raTa Seecno Zali Seni, [Sen], vinc danieli ixseni, mtrebi, romlebic ferxTa 24 qveS moaqcie, mZvinvare lomebis basrsityvaobdnen26 Sen, vinc ‫ت ا قع ا‬, sam pirTagan masze, mis WabukTan erTad sityvebi _ ‫ _ ك ن يط‬teqstSi akad. n. maris mier aris aRdgenili... 26 ‫ _ مح ا‬vulg. swori formaa _ ‫ مح ا‬, 25 156 cecxlovan RumelSi iyavi da daixseni uvneblad maTi Sendami erTgulebisa da siyvarulis gamo, Sen mZlavri mefe babilonisa, sjulis damrRvevi, pirutyvis msgsvsebad gadaaqcie27, da iyo Zrwiali udabnoSi mxecebTan erTad, Sen mas ubrZane, rogorc saqonels, balaxi eZova, rameTu naxa Seni saswaulebi da WeSmariti RmerTis dideba ki ar moisurva, Sen, gardauvali sjulisa, vinc mxevali sikvdilisagan, moswyvidne, Seni mterni [xolo susana misni susana] daixseni gadamxlavani Senadmi sasoebis gamo ucodvelobis gvirgviniT Seamke, Sen, o, ufalo, xar igi RmerTi ukuniTi ukunisadmi, didebas Sensa sxvas ar gadascem, Sen is xar, vinac qveynierebis kideT-kidemde gandidebula. dae, nu Seryvnis es xalxi Sens saxels, Sena xar SemZle Cemi gamoxsnis, nu Semexeba kaci, nu Seuracxmyofs, gamxade Rirsi Seni siwmidis, rom Sevinaxo ubiwoeba Seni gulisTvis da ise movkvde~. [rifsimem] aRasrula es locva, mefe [ki] Tavis saZinebelSi wavida. da waiyvanes igi masTan. sasaxlis ezosa Tu bazrebSi myofi mTeli xalxi stvirebiTa da barbiTebiT, siTarebiTa da CangebiT, winwilebiT mefis qorwilSi wavida. ufalma Seismina xma misi locvisa, gadmoxeda dasacavad, raTa ar daRupuliyo ubiwoeba misi siqalwulisa. rebeka, ganamtkica, rogorc esTeri, rogorc raTa biwisagan. 27 28 ‫ته‬ ‫ا يل‬, _ vulg., 157 iulia28, daexsna rogorc usjuloTa Dda, roca miuaxlovda mefe, raTa warexada pativi, wmida rifsime suliwmidis ZaliT ganmtkicda da mohyva brZolas samidan meaTe saaTamdis, viT SeboWili daamarcxa is qristes ZaliT. is, vinc omebSi igi gmiri, visac xalxebi lomi, anda ymawvilma erTianad daTvi qalma wamousxia, daumonebia, visac dauglejia viT xeliT, daamarcxa Sen xedav, qristes ZaliT. igi da wamovida mefe misgan damarcxebuli. amis Semdeg [mefem] brZana, moeyvanaT netari gaiane, jaWviT Seborkili darbazis karTan daeyenebinaT, raTa mas gaemxnevebina [asuli] da daeyoliebina mefis survilze. roca suliwmidiT [rifsime] mohgvares aRivso, dadga [mefes], maSin darbazis [gaiane] karTan, misi sawolis pirdapir da romaul enaze alaparakda, uTxra: ,,hoi, rifsime, Svilo Cemo, qristem ubiwoeba, man dagixsnas yoveli Zali da Rone, raTa ar uaryo29 roca mouwodebda, kbilebi gaiges, rom aiRes qvebi Caumtvries. igi da Zalas daifaros Seni biwisagan, man mogces misi memkvidreoba. rwmenis pirze atandnen, simtkicisaken dahkres raTa ise, rom ebrZanebina asulisaTvis pativiscema30 mefis Jinisa. magram is ufro ganamtkicebda: `gamxnevdi, gaZlierdi, Svilo, Sen axla ixilav qristes, ase rom 29 30 ‫ _ ت ل‬vulg., swori formaa ‫ت‬, ‫ _ ت يم‬vulg., swori formaa _ ‫( ت ييم‬dafaseba); 158 giyvars31; gaxsovdes, me Sen suliwmidiT gmoZRvravdi; gaxsovdes Cemi mcnebebi, _ me gamcne, rom qristes rwmena siwmidesTan erTad Segenaxa; gaxsovdes devna, _ Cven gvdevnes da mainc viTmendiT misi gulisTvis; gaxsovdes sikvdilis Tasi, romelic unda aRdgoma mTeli qveynierebis; gamocxaddeba dafaruli; Cauqrobelis; Seisvas; gaxsovdes gaxsovdes dRe gaxsovdes gaxsovdes igi, mdinare madli ros cecxlis, ganuqrobeli, ganmzadebuli misTvis, vinc Seinaxavs siwmides, umankoebas Tvissa; gaxsovdes sityvebi, cidan rom Cagvesma, man mogvca Zali dRes Senca gvirgvinisa da SeyvarebulT; da gansvenebis, man davemkvidroT Cvenc, rac dagvifaros RmrTis rom gavxdeT Rirsni gangvimzada Senca naTelis da Tvis Cvenc, rom samkvidrebelSi samaradJamod; ufalma Cvenma da meufem _ ieso qristem gaaadvilos gza Seni da Cveni; igia, vinac Tavi daimdabla, itvirTa damcireba CvenTvis, ar gagvimeta, Segviyvara, marTlac dagvifara32, viTarca mxsnelma, Tvis sityvaT JReris mosasmenad warmogvaCina da dagvifara Zlieri marjveniT, da marad gvicavs. ar ganveridebiT Cven mis siyvaruls, gvicxadebs RmerTisTvis, [de] iyos ise, rom misma Zalma gvixsnas; igi Tavis saxes, gvifaravs, radgan Cveni Cveni uflisTvis yvelafers vitanT. ‫ _ اح ته‬vulg. swori formaa _ ‫ اح ت‬an _ ‫تح ت‬, Oakad. niko mari aq sityva _ ‫اح‬-s Semdeg mraval wertils wers (mari 1905: ); teqstSi ikiTxeba _ ‫( ليعي‬7 b, zemodan me-5 xazi), vfiqrobT aq unda gvqondes zmna _ ‫عي‬ 31 32 ( , _ baranovi 1977: 899), romelic teqstSi damaxinjebuli formiTaa mocemuli; 159 gaxsovdes ufali, romelic damdablda imisaTvis, raTa avemaRlebineT, Tavisi sisxli daRvara imisaTvis, raTa adamianT Svilebi exsna, Cvens gadasarCenad iwvnia saxeze cema. Sens gulSi iyos igi axla, misken iswrafe mTeli Seni guliT da suliT, raTa movides Sens gadasarCenad da xeli ise gangimtkicos, rogorc daviTi [ganamtkica], vinac lomi da daTvi TxasaviT daxoca. igi gadagarCens borotebisa da mtanjvelisagan momdinare siavisagan da Cvensa SenTan erTad33, raTa gangadidebs Sen da mamas warvudgeT mas sircxvilis gareSe~. am sityvebs moZRvravda asuls. ambobda mefe gaiane, karis win ki [rifsimes] gamo mdgari, Sinaganad aRgznebuliyo. ramdenime jariskacma icoda romauli ena, isini karidan eZgernen da pirze qvebi dahkres [gaianes], 33 akad. Nn. mars es adgili ase aqvs dadgenili _ ‫نفق‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ بغي‬... ‫ الظا‬...‫( ه يح ك من‬mari 1905: 84). xelnawerSi (7 b, zemodan me-12 xazi) sityva ‫ظا‬-is win weria, TiTqos, gaurkveveli sityva, romelic, Cveni azriT, ase ikiTxeba: ‫ ;س تي ش‬vfiqrobT, winadadebis pirvel nawilSi gadamwers damaxinjebuli formiT, erTmaneTisagan ganucalkeveblad da gaumarTavi kaligrafiiT dauweria sami sityva: ‫ ( س ء‬, _ baranovi 1977: 80), ‫( تي‬ , _ baranovi 1977: 107), ‫( ش‬ , _ baranovi 1977: 397), xolo sityva ‫س ء‬-is Semdeg gamorCenilia sityvebi: ‫ ; من‬Semdeg ki, Cveni azriT, winadadebis am nawilSi gvaqvs zmna ‫ هل‬da arsebiTi saxeli ‫ ;ا‬vfiqrobT, arabuli teqsti amgvarad unda aRdges: ‫يح ك اب ن معك‬ ‫( ه يح ك من س ء من تي الظا‬igi gadagarCens borotebisa da mtanjvelisagan momdinare siavisagan da gangadidebs Sen da mamas Cvensa SenTan erTad), ‫ق امه‬ 160 ase ganagrZes da Zirfesvianad Caumsxvries kbilebi. is ki ar dawynarebula da moZRvravda asuls, raTa Seenaxa mas siqalwule. da netarma rifsimem iwyo brZola. [ibrZoda] saRamos aTi saaTidan mwuxris34 sam tansacmeli Semoaxia, saaTamdis. [asulma mefes] suliwmidiT daamarcxa igi da mkvdariviT dasca sawolis kuTxeSi. [Semdeg] darbazis karebi gaaRo, gamoiara jariskacTa winaSe da swrafad wavida qalaqisaken, misi daWera vervin gabeda. gavida qalaqis aRmosavleTi karidan da gaemarTa sawnaxelosken, sadac iyvnen adre qalwulebi damalulebi, gaagebina maT,35 rom daicva Tavisi siqalwule, uTxra: `gamovaRwie mefis sasaxlidan~, igi avida maRal adgilas, daiCoqa da warmoTqva: `Cemo Semoqmedo da yovlis RmerTo, vis ZaluZs mogiZRvnas magieri im sikeTeTa gamo, romliTac gvwyalob? radgan Sevinaxe rwmena Sendami, rogorc maRalma da yru36 kldem; SeniT gadavurCiT avi xalxis kbilebs da im WuWys, romliTac swaddaT Cemi Seryvna da ... mogvaqvs SenTan suli Cveni im sikeTeTaTvis, romelnic CvenSi gamoacxade; Sen gamoaCine CvenTvis, yvelasaTvis,37 34 35 ‫( االيل اا‬pirveli Ramis), ‫ _ بش ت م‬vulg. mesame piris mdedrobiTi nacvalsaxelis nacvlad naxmaria mamrobiTi sqesis nacvalsaxeli. nacvalsaxelTa xmarebisas aseTi SemTxveva xSiria da maTze aRar gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas; 36 ‫_ص ء‬ , _ baranovi 1977: 444, 37 xelnawerSi naxmaria sityva ‫( ج ا‬7 b, 8a; zemodan me-6 xazi, rac n. mars, Cveni azriT, savsebiT marTebulad gausworebia rogorc _ ‫;ل ع‬ 161 Seni saxeli wmida, romlisa gamoc gadagvarCine; Sens garda, ufalo, sxva [RmerTs] ar vicnobT; [SenTvis] varCieT sikvdili moTminebaSi, Sens garda, sxva RmerTs Cven xels ar vuwvdiT. isini RmerTebi ar arian, visac es xalxni emonebian, rameTu Sen xar RmerTi WeSmariti da Ze Seni erTaderTi38, romlisa mier iqmna39 yoveli, Tvinier misa ara qmnila40 araferi; da suliwmida Seni rCeuli, romelic Tanarsia41.... da [romelic] gvadgens WeSmaritebis gzaze da maradiul cxovrebamde Sercxvenis gareSe marjvena erTaderTs, romelic migvaRwevinebs, mxridan bolos mova warvudgeT imisaTvis, raTa Zes raTa msoflio ganikiTxos; Sen, o, ufalo, romelmac Sehqmen Cveni gulebi da Cvens saqmeTagan Segvicani, rom varT msaxurebi Seni da Seni samwysos cxovarni; gamogvaCine, o, ufalo im sasufevelSi, Sens moyvarulebs rom ganumzade, rameTu veliT am sxeulidan gasvlas da Sesvlas Sens wmidaT dasSi; da miveTvlebiT Seni Zisgan Seyvarebulebs, [mivegebebiT] uflis Cvenis ieso qristes meored mosvlas, 38 vfiqrobT, n. mars am adgilas xelnawerSi yvela sityva wakiTxuli aqvs, miuxedavad amisa, mas mainc mravalwertili dauweria (mari 5091: 86). rogor Cans, mkvevarma adre dasva aq mravalwertili, sanam teqsts bolomde daadgenda, Semdeg ki nabeWd teqstSi meqanikurad gadavida es niSani; 39 ‫( ك‬iyo), 40 ‫( ا ي ين‬ar aris), 41 Yn. mars aq ramdenime sityva ar aqvs wakiTxuli (mari 1905: 86). vfiqrobT, am adgilas erTi sityvis amokiTxva SesaZlebelia. es unda iyos zmna _ ‫( س‬ , _ baranovi 1977: 384). teqstSi vulgaruli formaa naxmari _ ‫س‬ ‫;ال‬ 162 Sen uwyi, o, ufalo erTaderTo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . da gamgeblebi CiraRdnebiTa da maSxalebiT im adgilas, sadac asuli locvad iyo dayudebuli. aiyvanes, xelebi dauWires da surdaT enis amogleja. netarma TviTon gamouyo ena. usjuloebma miwaSi oTxi palo CaarWves, wmidani svetebze gadaawvines, aiRes CiraRdnebi da gverdiT moudes [ise] didi xnis ganmavlobaSi, rom daewva mTeli sxeuli. xelebSi basri qvebi hqondaT, misiT neknebi gauerTianes. roca naxes, rom qalwuli qristes [ZaliT] ganmtkicdeboda, Tvalebi daTxares. is [jer] cocxali iyo. da amis Semdeg daWres nakuwebad, ambobdnen: `esaa sazRauri [imisaTvis], vinc ar damorCildeba mefes~. da ase, Cveni uflis, ieso qristesadmi rwmeniT dasrulda misi sicocxle. roca megobrebma Seityes, rom ukve aRsrulda misi mowameoba, wavidnen, raTa aeRoT gvami. borotebma rom dainaxes, xmlebi ocdaTormeti ixelTes monazoni. da xocavdnen, mohkles isini maTgan ki mainc loculobdnen: ,,WeSmaritad rom SegiyvareT, ufalo, radgan ismine xma Cveni locvisa da yuri mogvapyar gamo, radgan saxierebis siuxvis gvwadixar, RmerTo didebulo; ar uargvyavi, [Tumc] ar varT Rirsni, o, ufalo, Sens sikeTeTa, mainc gvixseni, [mainc] viT Cini dagvifare Tvalisa, borotTa Sens frTaTa jgrosagan da 163 CrdilebSi Seni wmida saxelisaTvis sikvdilSi gamogvarCie~, _ da mowameoba aRsrulda netarTa. erTi moxele sirbiliT wavida sawnaxelosken, naxa, erTi qalwulTagani darCeniliyo. da dakla igi, rogorc kravi. [qalwuli] ganadidebda ufals, ambobda: `ufalo Cemo da RmerTo Cemo, gmadlob Sen, rameTu viyavi susti, Sen ki Cems megobrebTan erTad mowameoba ar uarmiyavi. ufalo, miiRe suli Cemi, Sens wmida asulebs mimaTvale~ _ da mowameoba aRsrulda misi. da mefem, vinac omSi iyo gmiri Zalovani, vinac Tavisi xeliT daanakuwa lomi daimorCila sparsTa qveyana, da daTvi, vinc erTianad Seicno sircxvili Tvisi imiT, rom RmerTisa ZaliT damarcxda erTi asulisagan. mohyva oxvras da tirils, ambobda: `erTi SexedeT qristeanebis jados, rogor Rupaven sulebs sikvdili xalxisa, RmerTTa [magaTac] sZulT, samsaxurisgan [magram mainc] ganayeneben, wamgvares rifsime, romlis [msgavsi] silamaze arasodes arsebula qalTa modgmaSi. qalaq romSiac vyofilvar, xalxTa bevr qalaqSic da ar minaxavs misi msgavsi, arc mTel somxeTSi ar minaxavs misi msgavseba. magram maTma jadom Cvenamdec moaRwia da wamgvares~. meore dRes masTan yasabi mivida da uTxra: `batono, momeci neba gaiane movklao~. roca gaigona misi sityvebi, mefem ifiqra _ rifsime cocxali yofilao da uTxra, _ `Tu Sen cocxals momgvri mas, _ dagawinaureb~, yasabma miugo, ase uTxra: _ `[ise] gaTavisufldes mtrebisagan mefe, rogorc gavanadgureT 164 yvela, vinc ganagdebda RmerTebs da sZulda Seni brZaneba, axla is jadoqariRaa cocxali, vinc acduna Tavisi moZRvrebiT ymawvili asuli. egaa, vinc waarTva mas sicocxle, masTan erTad aris sxva samic~. roca mefem Seityo, wamodga netari rifsimes sikvdilis Sesaxeb taxtidan, miwaze daemxo da mohyva moTqmas. wmida [gaianeze] brZaneba gasca, Tqva: _ `pirveli, rac mas unda uyoT, ena amoglijeT piridan42, Semdeg ki sikvdils mianebeT, radgan eg ubrZanebda qalwuls Cemdami winaaRmdegobasa da siZulvils RmerTebisa, romlebmac aseTi silamaze uboZes~. da, roca yasbebis mTavars maTi daxocvis neba darTo, [yasabi] sixaruliT wavida, wmidani da masTan qalaqgareT, erTad samni jaWvebiT dabmulebi gaiyvana maTTan erTad gaemarTa mdinarisaken, [iq], sadac xidi [iyo gadebuli da sadac] adamianebs xocavdnen xolme da brZana, miwaSi yoveli maTganisTvis [gankuTvnili] oTxi palo CaerWoT. isini amis keTebaSi iyvnen, netari gaiane da masTan erTad samni ki damdgarni [iyvnen] locvad, ambobdnen: `madloba Senda, ufalo Cveno da RmerTo Cveno, rameTu Seni wminda saxelisaTvis sakvdilSi gamogvarCie, gagvxade ziari Sens wmidebTan [erTad] sikvdilisa, Cven43, [vinc] veswrafviT, Cqara mivewioT Sens moyvarulebs. me didad vxarob Cemi Svilis _ rifrimesa da sxva debis 42 43 ‫( من قف‬kefidan), ‫ _ نحن‬vulg. pirveli piris nacvalsaxeli saxelobiT brunvaSia. Mmsgavs SemTxvevebze aseve aRar gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas; 165 gamo, Seni saxeliT eziarnen isini sikvdils. axla Cven gagvixsene, ufalo Cveno da RmerTo Cveno, radgan SenTvis vkvdebiT am dRes. Cven WeSmaritad cxovarT mivemsgavseT, nu mogviZuleb, simarjve Seni aramed, gvixsen gviwyalobe, Seni saxeliT, raTa Sercxvnen sruli sjulis damrRveni~. roca aRsrulda [asulebi], maTi locva, moxeleebma waiyvanes ganZarcves paloebze, myesebi gauyares da samoselisgan, gauglijes, [isini] jerac Sig gaawvines lerwmis cocxlebi iyvnen, am milebi [roca] qvemodan mkerdamdis Caberes. gaeberaT kani, rogorc amas cxovari yasabs ukeTebs, roca misi gatyaveba unda. uknidan kisrebi gadaumtvries da enebi amoglijes. amis Semdeg basri qvebi aiRes, mkerdze urtyamdnen, isini ki [jerac] cocxlebi iyvnen, Semdeg kisrebze urtyamdnen. rifsimesa da misi ocdacameti megobris mowameoba aRsrulda oqtombris Tvis ocdameeqvse dRes, [xolo] netari gaianesi da sami qalwulisa amave Tvis ocdamerve [dRes]. roca wmidaTa mowameoba aRsrulda, mefe netar rifsimes gamo eqvs dRes tiroda. eqvsi dRis Semdeg gamgeblebma mosTxoves, ekmara tirili. [maSin] man jaris Seyra brZana, raTa sanadirod wasuliyo. Sesrulda. [roca] cxeni mohgvares da samefo unagirze amxedrda, im dros uecrad uflisagan sasjeli ewia, masSi avi suli Sevida, unagiridan gadmoagdo da [mefem] Tavisi xorcis Wama daiwyo. rac mouvida mefe nabugodonosors, romelicNgacofda da udabnoebSi gaiWra, [raTa] mxecebTan 166 erTad evlo, ase daemarTa mefe Tirdatsac, is taxad 44 iqca da tyeSi erTad evlo. mxleblebma aiyvanes igi, radgan ewadaT qalaqSi [misi wayvana] gamo, magram gavarda, ver raTa SeZles taxebTan eSmakis mZlavrebis romelic masSi Sevida da simxece gaumZlavra. marto mas ar damarTnia es, aramed bevri gamgebeli da winamZRoli, mravali misi megobari Zrwoda da iglejda sxeuls. mefis sasaxlidan amgvari ram mravals daemarTa da didi SiSi Camovarda somxeTis miwaze. ase gavida sami dRe. mefe Tirdats erTi daÁ hyavda, mas fursaxkutas45 eZaxodnen. man uflisagan Cveneba ixila da gaumJRavna es zogierT mTavars da winamZRols, uTxra: ,,vixile am Rames sizmrad erTi kaci, romelic cecxliviT brwyinavda~, man miTxra: `im satkivrisagan gaTavisuflebas, romelic ewiaT mefes, _Sens Zmas da mis megobrebs, ver SeZleben, Tu ar gagzavniT xalxs qalaq artasatSi da [ar] moiyvanT wmida grigoriuss, romelic SeborkeT da Rrma ormoSi CaagdeT, is gamcnobT wamals, romelic gargebT. roca gaigones misi sityva, aRar usmendnen, ambobdnen: ,,marTlac rom, rac maT daemarTa, Senc is mogsvlia, imitom, rom arc ki ici, ras ambob. janmrTeli rom iyo, gecodineboda, rom dReisTvis grigoriusi ukve wylian, TxuTmeti welia gvelebian, [gasuli], iqedneebian rac da ‫خ ي‬, ‫( ق سح ط‬xeln. 10 a; n. maris gamocemul teqstSi _ ‫( قس قط‬mari 1905: 92); n. mari yvelgan aseTi formiT 44 45 beWdavs. am pirovnebis saxeli aris xosrovaduxti, 167 morielebian Rrma ormoSi Caagdes. albaT, misi Zvelebic ki aRar iqneba~. maSin gaumeorda Cveneba. uTxra, magram ar daujeres. maSin Cveneba xuTjer warmouCnda. emuqreboda, eubneboda: `Tu ar etyvi gamgeblebs, samefos xalxsa da warCinebulT, maSin ubedureba mogeliT Senc mefesac, da Tqveni qveynis yvelamcxovrebs~. maSin didma SiSma aitana kursaxkuta46. isev mTavrebisaken da gaemarTa amcno mefis yoveli, megobrebisa rac samefos da mTeli xalxis safrTxeze eTqva. roca moismines misi sityva safrTxis Sesaxeb, rac moeloda maT da samefos mTel xalxs, Tu ki netar grigoriuss SearCies ar erTi gaaTavisuflebdnen warCinebulTagani, ormodan, saxelad maSinve avtai 47 da gaagzavnes igi qalaq artasatSi, raTa amoeyvana netari grigoriusi Rrma ormodan. roca avtaim qalaq artasats miaRwia, mis Sesaxvedrad gamoemarTnen gamgeblebi, raTa gaegoT mizezi misi Casvlisa. avtaim miugo: `ormoSi datyvevebuli grigoriusisaTvis movedi~. es sityva rom gaigones, gancvifrdnen da miuges: _ `vin daijerebs, rom cocxalia, roca ukve amdeni welia, rac ormoSi Caagdes, Cven 46 viciT, rom ver gauZlebda iq myofi gvelebis xelnaweris am adgilas, Tu sworad varCevT, ikiTxeba _ ‫ق سح ط‬, ‫ا ط ي‬, 47 168 sunTqvas48. ram gaTqmevina, _ `ormoSi datyvevebuli grigoriusisaTvis Camovedio?~ avtaim acnoba im Cvenebis Sesaxeb, romelic mefis dam kursaxkutam ixila. maSin yvelani SeSindnen. maT Tokebi Tokebze gadaabes da CauSves Toki im ormoSi, sadac netari grigoriusi imyofeboda. wargzavnilma avtaim maRali xmiT CasZaxa: _ ,,grigori49, Tu cocxali xar, amodi ormodan, imitom, rom ufalma RmerTma Senma, romelsac eTayvanebi, swored man brZana Seni amoyvana~. netarma grigoriusma imwuTsave aiRo Toki da Searxia, raTa yvelasTvis gaegebinebina, rom cocxalia. Semoixvia Toki da amoswies igi. Sexedes wlebisagan Secvlil mis sxeuls da veraviTari kvali ver naxes. maSin mSvidoba usurva mas avtaim, Caacva Sesamoseli, imitom, rom SiSvlad Caagdes ormoSi da qalaq artasatidan didi sixaruliT wamoiyvanes qalaq valarsapatisaken50. roca ormoSi iyo, misTvis erT qvriv qals mihqonda cota puri da wyali. roca wmidani miuaxlovda qalaqs, eSmakebma mefe, romelic maSin taxi iyo, wmidanisaken wamoiyvanes. roca sasaxlis mkvidrebma, winamZRolebma Seityes, rom ukve movida wmidani, gamoeSurnen qalaqgareT mis Sesaxvedrad da, roca ixiles igi avtaisTan da im didZal xalxTan erTad 48 ‫فه‬ miaxloebuli, ّ‫مع نفح الحيل ال‬ romlebic 50 artasatidan ‫( ليس ي‬ver darCeboda iq myofi gvelebis sunTqvaSi); 49 qalaq ‫اغ يغ ي‬, ‫( ل ص ط‬vaRarSapati), 169 mosdevdnen, daewyoT eSmakTagan devna, _ xorcebs iWamdnen, tanisamoss iglejdnen da [ise] modiodnen Sesagebeblad. netari grigoriusi daemxo RmrTis winaSe da iloca maTTvis. maSinve gaTavisufldnen eSmakTagan. ubrZana, rom Semosiliyvnen da maSinac yvela, vinc eSmakTagan ganiwminda, vinc sasaxlidan iyo, mTeli xalxi mis winaSe muxlebze daemxo, ambobdnen: `gevedrebiT51, gvapatio yvela boroteba, rac gagikeTeT~. netarma Tqvennairi kaci var, magram iwameT52 miugo maT: `mec RmerTi, Semoqmedi cisa da qveynis, mzis da mTvaris, varskvlavebisa, miwisa da zRvis da me SevTxov mas, rom SegiwyaloT~. oRond [jer] mamcneT, sadaa sxeulebi... wmida asulebis, maTi nawilebi?53 uTxres: `romel mowameebs iTxov?~ miugo: `maT, romelTac RmrTis gulisaTvis Tqvengan sikvdili miiRes rogorc qalwulebma~. waiyvanes, raTa eCvenebinaT adgili. mivida [iq], sadac ewamnen, moagrova nawilebi. RmrTis ZaliT wmidaTa sxeulebi Senaxul iqna. ukve cxra dRes da cxra Rames eyarnen, magram ar mikareboda arc gareuli cxoveli, arc ZaRli, arc TavianTi [araviTari] pirutyvi da arc frinveli. sinorCiT Rvinis smiT drois matarebel adamianebs hgavdnen. da [maSin] moitanes sapativsacemo, ZviradRirebuli grigoriusma kabebi, raTa ukuagdo maT SeemosaT mier isini. mefisagan netarma da mis warCinebulTagan mirTmeuli kabebi, arcerTi ar isurva ‫ _ تس ك‬vulgaruli forma ‫ )ص ي( ص‬zmnisa, ‫( اع فه‬SeicaniT), 53 ‫( عظ‬Zvlebi), 170 51 52 maTTvis. aramed, Semoafares is dafleTili kabebi, rac zed emosaT. sawnaxeloSi, yovelis sxeuli sadac Sekriba pirvelad da gadaasvena Seikribnen. netari im adgils ar moscilebia, sanam ar daamzada xis kuboebi da ar amoTxara maTTvis samarxebi, raTa yvelani erTad daekrZala da mTel am Rames loculobda mefisa da xalxis gadasarCenad... raTa monaniebis ZaliT RvTismosavni gamxdariyvnen. meore dRes wmidanTan sasaxlis mTeli xalxi mivida: warCinebulni, mTavrebi, qalaqis sxva xalxi jgufad, muxli moiyares misi da wmida asulebis sxeulTa winaSe da uTxres: _ ,,gvapatie, rac vcodeT Sensa da qalwulTa winaSe, sTxove grigoriusma Sens ufals, miugo maT: `is, rom vizec ar daviRupoT~. ambobT, rom Cemi RmerTia, igi Semoqmedia yovelivesi, mfarveli misi, igi sicocxles aniWebs Seqmnils, rameTu Tvalis daxamxamebasaviT swrafad Seqmna yoveli. Seiqmna is, rac ar yofila: yovlisa, qveyana icaniT, da raTa is, rac hpovoT maszea; igia ufali mosveneba tkivilTagan, romelnic gewiaT; [igia], vinc Tqvendami TanagrZnobisa da lmobierebis gamo gzrdiT, radgan, rogorc wignSia naTqvami: `ufali yvelas, vinc uyvars, sjis~54, [igi] scems Tavis Svilebs da izidavs Tavisken, TiTqos didi TanagrZnobis gamo geZaxiT, rom misi Svilebi gaxdeT~. xolo Ze RmrTisa, _ igi ar Takilobs, Tavis Zmebad mogvixsenios, 54 visac swams ‫( ي به‬zrdis, aswavlis), 171 igi, movuwodebT, muxli mouyaron, raTa gardmouvlinos suliwmida, rogorc niSani55 Tavisi siyvarulisa. da gaanaTebs gulTa TqvenTa maradiuli sixaruliT, raTa, Tu daubrundebiT da ivliT misi nebisamebr, maSin mogiZRvniT waruval sicocxles. rogorc miTxari, igi marTlac Cemi RmerTia, diaxac rom, WeSmariteba Tqvi, [radgan] yvelas, vinc icnobs, igi Tavis RmerTad gauxdeba; da yoveli igi, vinc ar iwamebs, Tumc, misgan qmnila, ganSorebula mis siyvaruls da mowyalebas. [RmerTTan] axloa igi yoveli, vinc moSiSari, moimedea misi. Dda, Tuki ityviT: ,,ara, rogor icavs masze mindobilT, roca yvela is, vinc Cvens xelT moxvda, tanjviT mokvda, nebiTo~, maSin adamianis da vimoqmedeT icodeT gansveneba, mizezi, raTa maTze rameTu gaixaros Cveni mZlavri RmerTma ineba [adamianma] misi mosvlisas. da gamouCens Tavis sikeTeT, rac ganumzada Tvis SeyvarebulT, mis saameblad moRvaweebs~. roca daasrula sityva, dauwyo ganswavla, eubneboda, Tu ra weria wmida wignebSi, rom kacma unda moiZulos wuTisofeli56 da goneba zeciurisken [unda] mimarTos57; [eubneboda]: _ `roca ganewmideba mas goneba, Seicnobs zeciursa da qveyniurs, satanasTan brZolisagan sulis gadarCeniT sanacvlod RvTaebriobas miiRebs, radgan WeSmaritia sityva Cveni. Cven veZebT am siRrmes da Tqven gaswavliT. RmerTi ganamtkicebs Cvens uZlurebas, radgan mravalmowyale ufals uyvars, [roca] ‫( ميع‬piroba, dapireba, aRTqma...), ‫( ه اا ضي‬es qveyana), 57 ‫( ي قع‬aamaRlos), 172 55 56 Tavisadmi rwmeniT kerpTa monobisagan gangibiZgebT. igi STamagonebs Tavis sityvas da moZRvrebas, raTa gaswavloT WeSmariteba, romelmac gamaTavisufla am mZlavrTagan da mravali tanjvisgan. dakbenisagan im qvemZromebisa, weliwads mexvivnen iq igia, rom ormoSi gars58. dagafuZnoT [yofnisas] damifara romelnic TxuTmet [da] damajildova. jildo qristeanul rwmenaze da gangdrikoT msaxurebisagan kerpebisa, romelnic aqamde sicruiT gmZlavrobdnen. Tqveni rwmeniT maT endobodiT, Tumc, aras grgebdnen. da me gaswavleT, Tu CveniT [rogor unda] gadarCeT, radgan isini iRupebian. Cven RmerTis rwmeniT tanjvaSi SevediT da [tanjvidan] gamovediT mSvidobianad. rac me Semexeba, me imitom gadavrCi, rom gamcnoT WeSmaritebis gavidnen ama maxvilTagan, gza. soflidan, ukve im qalwulebma, [romelnic] daimkvidres romelnic moiklnen waruvali Tqvens cxovreba im erTi RmerTisa mier, romelic iyo uwinares saukuneTa. igia mpyrobeli yovlisa, rogorc wigni ambobs: `uflisa ari qveyana da savseba misi~, mama, _ igi RmerTia sityva misi pirveliTgan _ Ze RmerTi, RmerTi da masSi usasrulodaa, pirveliTgan aris igi masSi. mis mier iqmna yoveli59, Tvinier misa ara qmnila ra60. rogorc Tqva iovane RmrTismetyvelma: `pirveliTgan iyo sityva da sityva iyo RmerTTan da RmerTi _ es aris sityva, Tvinier 58 ‫فه ح س عش س‬ weli), 59 60 ‫به ك ال ل‬ ‫ش ء لم ي ن‬ ‫ك‬ ‫( ال‬romelnic iyvnen iq TxuTmeti ‫( ال‬romlis mierac iyo yoveli), ‫( غي‬mis gareSe araferi ar yofila), 173 misa ara qmnila ra~61. mas vcemT Tayvans da mas vadidebT, mamas, Zes da suliwmidas. erTia RmerTi da erTia sjuli, srulqmnili sam hipostazSi62, mas vqadageb da gaswavliT Tqven; vloculob rwmena. Tayvani eciT yovlis Semoqmedi vinc TqvenTvis, samebas, RmerTisa63, wuTisofelSia, raTa ganiwmidos romelic aris Tqveni erTarsi nu miandobT gonebas imas, RmerTi erTia, _ Semoqmedi da Semqmneli yovelivesi Tavisi Zisa da Tavisi sityvis mier, suliwmidiT sityvis acocxlebs mociquls, yovels. usmineT RmerTis didebis brZens da mxilvels, vgulisxmob moses, [Tu] rogor ambobs: `dasabamad Seqmna RmerTma ca da miwa64 da miwa iyo uxilveli65 da ca ara Cndeboda66 da suli RmrTisa iqceoda67 wyalTa zeda~. da RmerTma Seqmna Tavisi sityviT da RmrTobiT [yovelive] da suli acxovelebs brwyinviT. man Seqmna zeca da ori didi mnaTobi, morTo varskvlavebiT, raTa momziralT unaTebdnen dReTa da RameT, [Seqmna isini] saswaulad saukuneTa, weliwadTa, zafxulisa da zamTrisa, gazasfxulis da Semodgomisa. da daaarsa is zeca. brZana Tavisi ZaliT mTavarangelosni, siwmidiT da Seqmna qerubimni adidebdnen da Tavisi serafimni, RmerTobas missa. angelosebi, romelnic gadaSala ‫( بغي ش ء لم ي ن‬mis gareSe araferi ar yofila), ‫اق تيم‬, 63 ‫( جوه ه اه اه ل ل الا‬erTi arsi yovelives RmerTisa), 64 ‫مس ن‬, _ , (baranovi 1977: 365), 65 ‫ك نت م ت ا‬ ‫( اا‬miwa ar ixilveboda), 66 ‫( الس ء م تت ين‬ca ar mJRavndeboda), 67 ‫( ي ف‬qroda), 174 61 62 qveyniereba da Seamko igi mTebiT, borcvebiT, mdeloebiT, qvebiTa da didi xeebiT, _ nayofieriT da unayofoTi, mindvrebiTa da yvela mcenariT, sxvadasxvafer yvavilTa jiSebiT, ese yoveli Seqmna adamianis dasasveneblad. amgvarad Seqmna zRva yovelgvari wylebiT, uwoda mas zRva da ubrZana, ar gadavides Tavis zRvars. [Seqmna] yoveli Tavisi sibrZniT da misca sibrZne adamians, raTa agebdes xomaldebs zogierTebs zRvebze [unda] evloT xalxis gadasayvanad. indoeTis miwaze, raTa moezidaT iqidan mravali umaRlesi ram yvela imisTvis, visac siuxve surs; zogierTebs [unda] evloT egvipteSi, ase, sanam aivseboda xalxi. ese yoveli miuZRvna adamians, raTa misi sibrZnidan yvelas eswavla, radgan RmerTma rogorc Seqmna kaci, [aseve] ganadida gaxada, rom Tavisi samsaxuriT RmerTobas. axla ki... igi da iseTad miaxloeboda mis codvisa da gavemarToT wmida asulTa sxeulebisaken, davkrZaloT isini da avaSenoT maTTvis eklesiebi. es imitom, rom RamiT iseTi Cveneba vixile, [ramac] SemaSina: vixile zeca, igi gadaixsna, rogorc TaRi da misi wylebi maRla zecidan qveyanaze wvimad modioda. qalaq artasatis centrSi oqros samefo karavi idga, karavis Tavze [aRmarTuliyo] sveti msgavsi cecxlisa, da yovel mxares manaTobeli sxivebi ifrqveoda; mis Tavze [iyo] Rrubeli, am [romelic] brwyinavda qalaqis karavi, Rrublis centrSi. elvasaviT; sxva Sesaxedaoba Tavze _ adgilas msgavsi 175 ki _ da xateba ese [vixile] cecxlisa. jvrisa, yoveli iyo mefeTa sami cecxlovani svetebi ara hgavda [miwaze] agebul svetebs; da erTi _ aRmosavleTidan, meore dasavleTidan, mesame ki samxreTidan, samive Segrovda erTad da gamoixata jvari sam svetze, _ manaTobeli da mbrwyinavi; vixile erTi axovani kaci, aravis ZaluZs aRweros silamaze da axovaneba misi; xelSi eWira oqros kverTxi, romelsac urtyamda miwas, WurWeliviT mTebs, borcvebs, zanzarebdnen da _ isini miwasTan Tixis swordebodnen; vixile ramdenime alagebuli magida oqrosi. am magidebma aavso mindoriviT gadasworebuli miwa. da yovel magidaze jvari [iyo] aRmarTuli. amis Semdeg vixile mravalricxovani fara, Savi ferisa, _ midiodnen im wylis qveS, romelic zecidan gadmodioda68 da im wuTSive xdebodnen msgavsni cecxliviT manaTobel cxovarTa da kravTa, _ matyli TovliviT [spetaki] uxdebodaT. da jgufs gamoeyo Tavdapirvel erTi saqmianobas nawili. da isini iseTive am daubrundnen Savebi gaxdnen, rogorebic adre iyvnen da iqcnen mglebad. [es jgufi] itacebda spetaki farisagan arcTu cotas. da maTac [ubrundebodaT] Zveleburi Sexeduleba. is acduebda maT, raTa Tanamonawileebad gaexada da aswavlida [ise], rom Tavisken gadaebirebina. roca, vixile es Cveneba, bevri viloce RmerTisadmi da maSin vixile erTi kaci, 68 SesaxedaobiT _ msgavsi yuradRebas iqcevs is faqti, rom xelnaweris am gverdze pergaments qvemo kide CamoWrili aqvs (13 a), teqsti ar aris defeqtiani, e. i. samuSaod amgvari, _ dazianebuli furceli gamouyenebiaT, safiqrebelia, rom _ ekonomiis mizniT; 176 cecxlisa. mas ori cecxlovani frTa hqonda; xmamaRla mommarTa, miTxra: gangimatro is, `nu rac SiSob, ixile. grigori, Cveneba, amaod, romelic raTa ixile qalaqis centrSi, ese igi sveti cecxlisa [imas niSnavs, rom] am adgilas aSendeba eklesia Sesakrebeli da [masSi] wmida jvriT dadgeba mwyemsi, romelic ganswavlis xalxs da samebis rwmeniT ganamtkicebs adamianebs; rac Seexeba im sam svets, romlebic sisxlis msgavsebi iyo, _ eseni arian wmida qalwulebi: rifsime, giane da danarCenebi, romlebmac TavianTi sisxliT daamowmes, miiRes gvirgvini da sikvdiliT sicocxles eziarnen. da is, rac ixile SeerTebuli svetebis saxiT, es aris samebisadmi rwmena maTi, romelnic Rirs iqmnen da monawileoba miiRes qriste RmerTis tkivilebSi; is sami aRmarTuli jvari msgavsia im jvrisa, romelzec or avazaks69 Soris ecva qriste kacobriobis gamosaxsnelad, raTa adamianebma aitanon tkivilebi qristes saxeliT, monawileoba miiRon mis tanjvaSi da [amqveyniuri] cxovrebisas gaxdnen memkvidrdni da Rirsni zecaSi gamzadebuli sixarulisa da saukuno meufebisa. rac Seexeba im wyals, cidan rom mowvimda, es iyo saxe naTlobisa, romliTac naTldeba mravali adamiani, da [romelic] winaaRmdgomT WuWyTagan ganwmends. xolo im wminda jgufSi, romelTac spetaki matyli hqondaT, isini arian, vinc TavianT moZRvarTa xelTa, qveS naTlobisa da suliwmidis ZaliT brwyinaven. xolo 69 vinac gabrundnen simarTlisgan ‫لص‬, 177 da dabneulni gaxdnen, [vinc] Seicvalnen da mglebad iqcnen, is winaaRmdgomebi arian, romelnic ukuqceulan, Tavianken sxvebs ewevian, TavianTi nebismier eqcevian maT. xolo Sen mier xiluli oqros magidebi zed aRmarTuli jvrebiT70, es [imas niSnavs], rom somxeTis mraval miwaze eklesiebi da jvrebi aRimarTeba, [romelnic] gaabrwyineben mTel qveyanas; da gandiddeba sameba jvris gamarjvebiT da gauqmdeba yoveli kerpi. [xolo] is axovani kaci, romelic ixile, igia Zali yovlismflobelis; kverTxi rom ixile mis xelSi, romelsac urtyamda mTebs, borcvebs, lodebs da [miwasTan] asworebda, es [imas niSnavs], rom igi daaqcevs adamianis xeliT gakeTebul yvela RmerTs, da misi sityviT gaZlierdeba RmerTisadmi _ mamisa, msaxureba erTi WeSmariti misi Zisa erTisa da wmida sulisadmi. da aw daimarxe Sen es sityva, he, grigori, ganmtkicdes igi ganswavlaSi, Sens gonebaSi. WeSmaritebis iyav gzisken momTmeni ubiZge, maT midi, ganaZliere samebis rwmenaSi.~ am sityvebis dasrulebisTanave, igi mesityve daifara Cemgan da did SiSSi damtova. da maSin gamexsna goneba. amieridan icaniT mogixmoT, rac igi, vinc Tavis sakvirvel naTelSi mis RmerTobas [Tan aaxlavs], raTa wardgeT winaSe misi madlis taxtisa da miiRoT misgan Sewyaleba. ganagdeT Tqvengan... yoveli codva da yoveli biwi. 70 ‫عي م‬ ganiwmideT goneba sicocxlis ‫( مغ‬maTze aRmarTuli), 178 wyliT, raTa gamoCndeT71 naTlis samosSi, [maS,] ganamzadeT Tavni Tqvenni. Tqven uwyiT gzani wmida rifsimesi, rogor daifara igi ufalma da aarida Tqvens xelT, usjuloebis biwsa da Tqveni mefe Tirdatis mZlavrebas. gandidebulia igi xalxs Soris. Tqven ukve uwyiT, [rom] RmerTis ZaliT martomyofma ymawvilma asulma daamarcxa igi. aseve ukve uwyiT gza Cemi, [is, rom] me, agreTve, Cemi mxriv, TxuTmeti weli gavatare iqedneebsa da bnelsa da morielebs Rrma Soris, ormoSi maT gvelebs, Tanamcxovrebad viqeci. RmerTebisadmi Cemi SiSis gamo ver moaxerxes am qvemZromebma da vera damakles ra. me arc mSinebia maTi, maTgan guli ar SemkrTomia, imitom, rom ziarebuli 72 viyavi Cems ufalTan da RmerTTan, yovlis SemoqmedTan. magram me mtkiced vici, rom yvelaferi, rac Cvens mimarT CaidineT, ucodinrobiT mogividaT. amieridan daubrundiT da icaniT ufali, raTa SegiwyaloT da gixsnaT; maT, vinc daxoceT, TavianTi raTa evedreT, sikvdiliT ilocon ganiSoreT oqros, ise rogorc RmerTis TqvenTvis, Tqvengan vercxlis, biwi, cocxlebs, winaSe rameTu cocxlebi RmerTi vgulisxmob spilenZis da radgan mowyalea. qvebis, yovelgvari arian, xeebis, sakerpo sagnisadmi Tayvaniscemas, radgan cruni da fuWni arian. am sicrueTa Sesaxeb me adre ukve damomiZRvixarT, [miTqvams,] ‫ _ تست هل‬vulg. klasikuri arabulis SemTxvevaSi aq zmna _ ‫ هل‬X TemaSi ar iqneboda; 72 ‫ _ مت ل‬vulg. swori formaa _ ‫ت ل ;مت ل‬-s pirdapiri mniSvnelobebia _ , (baranovi 1977: 684); 71 179 sanam amis gamo Tqvens Tvalebze veeba bindi sufevs, ver icnobT-meTqi vxedavdi, Semoqmeds, rogor yovlismpyrobels... SordebodiT WeSmariti radgan RmerTis samsaxurs. me mware da metad mZime tanjvaSi viyavi da ar Semiwyvetia RamiT da dRisiT RmerTisadmi locva, raTa gamoexsna Tqveni mravalmowyalebisa sulebi. da didsulovnebiT adamiani Tavisufali nebis mqone73. adamianisadmi siyvarulis gamo Tavisi dasabamidan Seqmna rogorc amieridan igi Tavis didebasa da maradiul sicocxleSi mogiwodebT. imitom gamogigzavnaT Tavisi wmidanebi, raTa daemowmebina, rom igia RmerTi yovelivesi, meufe saukuneTa, rom ar Sewydeba meufeba misi; [gamogigzavnaT sikvdili msgavsi wmidanebi], jvarcmisa74 romelTac da rwmena airCies WeSmariti RmerTisadmi. wmidaTa locvis meoxebiT icaniT RmerTi da sikvdiliT miemsgavseT RmerTis Zes erTaderTs, ufals Cvensa ieso qristes, romelic mokvda adamianisaTvis, romelmac Seqmna igi Tavisi xeliT, raTa acocxlos. ara imitom [mokvda], rom ar SeeZlo, adamianis gamoxsna Tavisi sikvdilis gareSe, aramed [imitom], rom Tavisi tkivilebiT aemaRlebina Zeni kacTani. igi, cxadia, SemZle iyo, wmidaTa ‫ف ال ت ا ء ي ش ب ض ته‬ ‫ح ق اا نس‬, _ `Seqmna adamiani dasabamSi, [raTa] evlo Tavisi survilebiT~; ramdenadac Targmani samecnieroa da ara _ mxatvruli, cxadia, vcdilobT, sityva-sityviTi Targmnis principi yovelTvis davicvaT ZiriTad teqstSi, iSviaT SemTxvebSi ki sqolioSi gamogvaqvs sityva-sityviT Targmnili winadadebebi... 74 ‫( م ل ال يب‬msgavsi jvrisa), 73 180 mowameobis gareSe gaexada cxadi, rom RmerTia, magram ase gaakeTa imitom, rom didi damsaxurebisaTvis daegvirgvinebina isini, visac siyvarulis gamo sikvdilic SeuZliaT misTvis75. axla xom xedavT, ramdeni dartyma, sxvadasxvagvari tanjva mawvnieT, mere ormoSi CamagdeT, sadac magram gvelebTan da morielebTan erTad vcxovrobdi, Cemi romelic moZRvris yovel wiaRidan76 _ gonebas ieso qristes aRemateba, mowyalebam, gamomixsna maTi da gamxada Rirsi, rom viyo... raTa mogceT wamali sulTa da sxeulTa ganmakurnebeli, rom gadarCeT da icnoT RmerTi WeSmariti. amieridan, dae, ismendeT marTal sityvas yovlis Semoqmedisa, da gadairCineT Tavi saukunod da ganiwmidebiT Rirs da iqmeniT moiZulebT zecis sameufosi. sicrueT, maSin Tu miiRebT sikeTeT kacTmoyvare RmrTisagan. is wmidanebi, romelnic mware tanjviT daxoceT, madlierni iqnebian da iloceben Tqveni xsnisaTvis. Cemi mqadagebloba da swavleba didad sasargeblo iqneba TqvenTvis, gadRegrZeldeba Tqveni sicocxle, aRivsebiT qveyniur sikeTeTagan da yovelive amis Semdeg gaxdebiT mkvidrni zecis sameufosi. Dda, Tu ar miiRebT Cems qadagebas da Cems swavlebas, maSin pirvelze ufro saSineli sasjeli gewevaT; maSin [RmerTi] pasuxs 75 76 mogTxovT wmidaTa sisxlis ‫( يح ه ال ال‬uyvarT igi sikvdilamde), ‫( من ا س ط م‬maTi Suagulidan), 181 gamo, romelic usamarTlod daRvareT77, ucxo mtris xelT gadagcemT da yvelani mware sikvdiliT daixocebiT~. Zlierad mowadinebuli netari ganswavlida da [am dros] yvelani fexze wamovardnen, xelebi sayeloebze waivles da tanisamosi Semoiglijes, mTavrebma da gamgeblebma mkerdze xelebi gadaijvaredines, daemxnen da miuges netars: `nuTu miviRebT RmrTis winaSe xsnas, Cven xom Cveni dReni mZlavrebas SevwireT, Cven sibnelis gzas mivuyvebodiT, nuTu grigoriusma miugo mowyalea, gvapatiebs maT: kacTmoyvare, [ase] bevr ,,WeSmaritad sulgrZeli da Secodebas?~ rom RmerTi Sembralebeli, Semwyalebelia yvela imisa, vinc WeSmaritebiT moiqceva 78 misken; da yvelas, vinac mTeli guliT ilocebs, Seundobs codvas~. maT tiriliT Tqves: ,,gvaswavle da gangvimtkice goneba, raTa SevicnoT Cveni Semoqmedi RmerTi. Tu is kacTmoyvarea, maSin migviRebs monaniebiT [misulT], brals ar dagvdebs imis gamo, rom Cvens cxovrebaze viyaviT mindobilebi, ar gagvixsenebs Zvel codvebs. Dda, Tu ar [Segviwyala], maSin dagvRupavs codvaTa gamo; magram ara, _ [igi] gvixsnis Tavisi uxvi mowyalebiT; Senc aseve gvapatie da gvaswavle sikeTe da dagvayene WeSmaritebis gzaze~. am sityviT elaparakebodnen wmidans, xmas tiriliT imaRlebdnen, ferxTa qveS uvardebodnen da eSmakTa [mier miyenebuli] Wrilobebisa da tkivilebis gamo, romelic mterma awvnia maT, ver axerxebdnen misgan erTi nabijiT 77 78 ‫ _ اه قت‬vulg., ‫( من ي فع اليه بحق‬vinc WeSmaritebiT brundeba misken), 182 dacilebasac ki. rogorc ki cotas moSordebodnen, maTSi Sediodnen eSmakebi da [ise] cvlidnen, [rom] TavianT xorcs aglejinebdnen. roca wmida grigoriusma moismina misadmi mimarTuli sityva, atirda da miugo maT: ,,xom ukve iciT, rac me miyaviT, rogor mtanjeT sxvadasxvagvari satanjveliT, TiTqos mkvleli [vyofiliyavi], maSin, roca ara damiSavebia ra arcerTi TqvenTaganisaTvis. kacTagan Sobils [aravis] ZaluZs, erT saaTs [mainc] gauZlos im qvemZromebs, meki maTTan TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi viyavi Cagdebuli. magram Cemi uflis _ ieso qristes wyalobiT gadavrCi gansacdelisagan. am saswauliT SeicaniT Zali RmerTisa, [SeicaniT], rom igi Semoqmedia, igi SemZlea, ganagdos [Tqvengan avi] fiqrebi, rogorc ganagdo Cemgan is qvemZromebi, romelnic iyvnen Rrma ormoSi _ mis monasTan miCveulebi. WeSmaritad rom, me ara var Rirsi misi uxvi mowyalebisa, magram gadavrCi Tqvens gadasarCenad, raTa [RmerTi] CemiT SegecnoT, [raTa] Cemi mqadageblobiT SegecnoT siuxve SeuZlebelia, ar gangicxadoT, Tu ormoSi rom viyavi, sul [aseT] saswaulebis. ra mibrZana ufalma. sizmars vxedavdi, _ vxedavdi mis angelosebs, [romelnic] mamxnevebdnen. ase amJamadac yovelTvis vxedav angelosebs, meubnebian: _ ,,gamxnevdi, ganmtkicdi, rameTu ufalma RmerTma gixsna da gagxada Rirsi misi sityvis qadagebisa, mogvca swavleba mis sadideblad, raTa gaxde Tanaziari maTi, vinac RmerTs adideben~. am Cemi sityviT rodi vampartavnob, me mxolod is ar ZalmiZs, rom davfaro uflis saswaulebi, 183 unda SegagnebinoT, rom man mixsna sikvdilisagan. me Tqvens winaSe viyavi, rogorc mkvdari. Tqven damemowmebiT amaSi, da, radgan Tqven mkvdari xarT codvebiT, CemiT, vinc Tqvens winaSe mkvdari viyavi, gacocxldebiT. radgan mibrZana ufalma, rom yvelas didi saswauli gamcnoT, raTa gangaSoroT fuWi kerpebis Tayvaniscemisagan da WeSmaritebis gzaze misi wyalobisaken gataroT, [raTa wagiyvanoT] RmerTTan, _ SemoqmedTan cisa da qveynis da yovelivesi, rac maTSia, ZesTan erTaderTTan da wmida sulTan _ yovelives gamacocxlebelTan, raTa monaniebiT Rirs iqmneT ganmzadebul sikeTeTaTvis. amieridan uyureT did mqadagebels _ iovanes, rogor mimarTavs maRali xmiT abraamis xalxs, am sityviT esaubreba: ,,hqmeniT nayofi Rirsi sinanulisa, nu ambobT, abraami Cveni mamaao. me getyviT: RmerTi Seuqmnas~. pativs, SemZlea, abraams Svilebi qvebisagan es imitom ki ar Tqva, rom abraams ar sdebda aramed imitom, rom monaniebisaken ebiZgebina maTTvis. igi eZiebda maT, undoda, rom keTil saqmeTa keTebis wyalobiT WeSmaritad, vinc abraamis Svilebad sikeTis nayofs gamxdariyvnen. iZleva, [RmerTi] ganadidebs, didad miagebs jildos. da yovels, romelic ar gamoiRebs sikeTis nayofs, ar miecema jildo, aramed ganaxmobs da aqcevs cecxlis sakvebad. rogorc esaia winaswarmetyvels uTqvams: ,,daemsgavsebian codvilni ekalT, romelTac cecxlSi yrian da wvaven~. yvelas, vinc sikeTis nayofs gamoiRebs, Tavis saufloSi ganaxarebs, meored mosvlisas ganabrwyinvebs. Yvelas, vinc marTla gamoiRebs nayofs, erTis sanacvlod, rogorc uTqvams, 184 miagebs ocdaaTs, samocs da ass. saqmeTa gamo misagebeli TiToeul maTgans miecema Tavisi rwmenis Sesabamisad. amieridan, Zmano, yvela CvenTaganma, viswrafoT xsnisaken, raTa igrZnoT Sveba Tqvenze moweuli sasjelisagan, [raTa] eSmakTagan, romelTac ase gagtanjes, simSvideSi gaaRwioT, [raTa] gadasarCenad kvlav dagibrundeT wagvrili goneba. xolo me rac Semexeba, me ukve gamcneT misi RmerTobis mcnebebi, Tavidan bolomde yvelaferi gagimJRavneT, rac aris masSi TqvenTvis sasargeblo. axla ki adeqiT, SevagrovoT wmida sulTa sxeulebi, raTa maT mier mogeceT patieba, avaSenoT maTze eklesiebi, raTa maTi locviT gagiqreT gborkavT; maS, moinanieT, gqondeT... Tavmdabloba; tkivilebi, aRiareT marTali SfoTva, Tqveni rwmena, rac codvebi, [daicaviT] marxva, raTa gulebSi misi rwmena dageTesoT da SeicnoT Zali da sidiade ugunurebaa, xolo jvrisa, romelic CvenTvis, vinc mokvdavTaTvis samsaxuri da xsna vpoveT, Zalia RmrTisa, rac RirsgyofT, gaxdeT RmerTis Svilebi, saqmeni; ganiwmindoT Tavis codvaTagan, wmidebTan erTad gagiqreT gagxdiT cudi Rirsebad gvirgvinisa da Tqvenc warggzavniT Tavis madideblebTan, raTa gangadidoT da RirsgyoT Tavisi saidumlosi. maS, ase, ganibaneniT satanis mravali biwisagan, raTa mteri Tqveni _ satana ferxTa qveS daTrgunoT da, roca mixvalT misi RmerTobis wiaRamde, gaxdebiT monawile wmidaTa sixarulisa, romelTac miuRiaT xorci kravisa, _ Zisa erTaderTisa, da SeusvamT 185 sisxli misi umanko, Rirseulad ziarebian 79 qristes, raTa moeqceT misiT wmida sulTan~. ase da amgvarad moZRvravda ganswavlida. da netarma iloca maTTvis WeSmaritad da uTxra: `wadiT uSiSrad Tqven-Tqvens saxlebSi~. da es [yovelive] saRamospirs moxda, uTxra maT: ,,roca gaTendeba, modiT CemTan, wmida asulTa eklesiebi sxeulebisaTvis qveyanaze Senebis avaSenoT, wyalobiT caSi raTa am agiSendeT sacxovrebelni, romelTac Cven kurTxeul wmida asulTa locviT miviRebT samkvidrod da RirsviqmnebiT qristes sauflosi, mas aqvs dideba da Zali ukunisamde, amin!~ da, roca daamTavra sityva, gauSva xalxi. rac mefesa da mis winamZRolebs Seexeba, isini erTi saaTiTac ki ver axerxebdnen, jerac gancalkevebuliyvnen tkivilebSi iyvnen. misgan, aramed, imitom, dRedaRam rom masTan imyofebodnen im sawnexeloSi, romelic venaxebs Soris iyo: isxdnen, marxulobdnen. rogorc netari tyveebi grigoriusi kviridan kviramde, samocdaxuTi dRis ganmavlobaSi ganswavlida maT, afrTxilebda, moZRvravda yvelas, afuZnebda WeSmarit, mtkice rwmenaze, es aris rwmena Cveni uflis ieso qristesi. Semdeg, masTan es iyo winamZRolebi, samocdameeqvse mTavrebi, dRes, gamgeblebi, mogrovdnen [mogrovda] sxva xalxi colebTan da SvilebTan erTad da sTxoves wmida grigoriuss, eloca maTTvis, [raTa] epovaT Sveba, 79 ‫( تش اك ا‬monawileoba miuRiaT), aqac naxmaria vulg. forma; 186 rac aRar hqondaT; TavianT sulTa Svebamde, SesTxovdnen mefis SvebisaTvis, imitom, rom misi garegnoba jerac taxis saxisa iyo. netari grigoriusi, mowame RmrTisa, ormodan amosvlis sxeulebisaken. Segroviliyo es am umalve ufalma gaemarTa waiyvana adgilas da wmida maTTan. asulTa xalxi gaSmagebulni ki xorcs iWamdnen. xolo eSmakTagan devnili mefe taxis saxisa iyo manam, sanam ar mivida im adgilas. da netarma grigoriusma SesTxova kacTmoyvare RmerTs, rom mefisaTvis adamianuri goneba da, amasTan, yurTasmena daebrunebina, raTa [mefes] sityvis Zala Seecno. samocdaeqvsi dRe gaatara taxis garegnobaSi. isini isev sTxovdnen wmida grigoriuss mefisaTvis, raTa mas adamianis saxe dabruneboda. miugo maT netarma grigoriusma: ,,mec [Cveulebrivi] adamiani var, rogorc erTi TqvenTagani. mec xom viwvnie Tqvengan tkivilebi, magram, amis miuxedavad, Tqvenc, aseve, SevTxov mTeli RmerTs guliT yvelas SeTxoveT gamoxsnas. Sveba, rameTu RmerTi kacTmoyvarea da SegiwyalebT. amieridan nuRar geSiniaT, aramed gixarodeT, radgan igi mecnieria gulTa da TirkmelTa, icis, ras imalavT da mogcemT xsnas. oRond aCqardiT da aaSeneT eklesiebi RmerTis wmida asulTa sxeulebis dasatireblad, raTa male ilocon TqvenTvis da gaTavisufldeT 187 SfoTisaan, raTa Tavi daaRwioT misi samsjavros mware saSiSroebas da sikvdilSi Cvens patrons, _ ieso qristes miemsgavsoT80. maT Seismines da miuges: `yvelafers, rasac gvibrZaneb, dagijerebT da davemorCilebiT, oRond Cqara gvibrZane, _ ra gavakeToT!~ uTxra netarma: `adeqiT, yvelani [eklesiaTa] asaSeneblad, raTa davitiroT wmida asulTa sxeulebi~. mefe imave saxiT, oRond adamianuri gonebiTa da smeniT, miuaxlovda netar grigoriuss da SesTxova, rom eloca mis xelTa monawileobis da ferxTa gamo, miReba raTa [mSeneblobaSi] SeZleboda yvela [imasTan erTad], visac SeeZlo asulTa taZrebis Seneba. netarma grigoriusma daiCoqa miwaze da iloca. locvaSi SesTxovda Zlier RmerTs, mieZRvna misTvis [e. i. mefisTvis] sijansaRe. male cidan xma Camoesma, eubneboda: `grigorius, bolomde; gamxnevdi aSene da taZrebi, gaZlierdi, amaRldes me maTi SenTan rto. var xolo Txovnis gamo getyvi, rom Seviwynare locva Seni da rac mTxove, ukve ganmtkicda Segisrule~. igi, roca mobrunda mefis wmidanma mxares, es gaigona, xelebze da fexebze Cveni uflis _ ieso qristes saxeliT Seexo, gadasaxa maTze jvari da isini maSinve isev adamianuri gauxda. da daiwyo mefem netarTan laparaki: `ras mibrZaneb?~ _ wmidanma mas misca sarkofagebis zomebi, raTa amoeTxara [samareebi] wmida asulTa sxeulebisTvis; da uTxra mefem ‫سي ن يس ال سيح‬ ‫( يستح م‬daimsaxuroT Cveni batonis [patronis] _ ieso qristes sikvdili), 80 188 wmidans: `mibrZane, moviyvano coli Cemi asSani81, da daÁ _ kursuxkuta82, raTa imsaxuron wmida asulTa adgilebis mSeneblobaSi. netarma darTo neba. maSin mefem aiRo da amoTxara [miwa] sarkofagebisTvis, raSic Caawvines wmida asulTa sxeulebi. Txrisas masTan erTad iyvnen coli da daÁ. nacvlad kalaTebisa miwa kabebiT mihqondaT. amis Semdeg miitanes wmida asulTa sxeulebi, _ netari rifsimesi da masTan erTad wamebuli ocdaTormetisa, _ im adgilas sadac ewamnen netari gaiane da masTan erTad ocdaaTi qalwuli. sxeulebi im adgilas miitanes, sadac mokles [qalwulebi]. sxva eklesia aaSenes sawnexeloSi, sadac mokles is asuli, iq rom imaleboda. roca eklesiaTa Seneba daamTavres da gadaasvenes maTSi wmida asulTa sxeulebi, mefem wmida grigoriuss sTxova, daerTo ararati83 neba im mTaze wasvlisa, romelsac masisi84 hqvia, raTa hqvia, im mxareSi romelsac iqidan mxrebiT eklesiaTa karebisaTvis zRurblebi da Zelebi Camoetana, rom taxis garegnoba moSoreboda. da manac ubrZana ase moqceva. da gaemarTa masisis maRla [mdebare] mTisken. iq Tormeti didi lodi moWra [im] sami wmida eklesiisaTvis, sadac qalwulTa sxeulebi gadaasvenes. yoveli taZrisaTvis TiTo kari [daamzades], yoveli karisaTvis oTxi lodi, romlebic Tavisi mxrebiT 81 82 ‫( اسش ين‬aSxeni), am SemTxvevaSi xosrovaduxtis arabizebuli saxeli ‫ ق صح ط‬gaxmovanebuli saxiTaa mocemuli _ (19 a, zemodan me-6 xazi), 83 84 ‫اا اط‬, ‫م س‬, 189 mozida, radgan is Zlieri goliaTi iyo, da rwmenam [ufro] Zalian gaudida Zala. roca daasrules es sami wmida eklesia, aRmarTa maTSi, aRmosavleTis mxares, sami jvari, [oRond] ar daudgams iq sakurTxevlebi imitom, rom igi mRvdeli ar iyo. maSin daiCoqa netarma grigoriusma da yvelas ubrZana, daeCoqaT da elocaT tiriliTa da vedrebiT mefisa gamo, raTa mxecis garegnoba pirveli, adamianuri bunebiT Secvloda. da roca netarma iloca xalxTan erTad da mefemac maTTan erTad [iloca], mefis tanidan raRac tyavis msgavsi Camovarda. da mxecis Sesaxedaoba moSorda mas, aseve _ balani da WuWyi, moisvena da daubrunda adamianuri buneba. maSin hmadlobdnen ufals, romelmac ixsna da aRzarda Tavisi uxvi wyalobisamebr. adides sameba da gaecalnen wmida asulebs; wmida grigoriusic, is, vinc qristesTvis ewama, maTTan erTad [wavida]; vinc somxeTis miwaze [iyo], yvela moaqcia WeSmariti RmerTis rwenaze; maT aRuTqves wmida grigoriuss, uTxres: _ `roca yvela eklesiaSi dadgebian SegveZleba, mRvdlebi, SevamkobT maT~. yvelafriT, maSin netarma rac ki ubrZana darajebsa da msaxurebs, daecvaT eklesiebi, emsaxuraT maTTvis, [raTa] mefis sasaxlidan sarCo Semosuliyo. mefe qalaq mowame valarsapatSi wavida, masTan da maTTan grigoriusi winamZRolebisa. isini ukve 190 erTad _ qristes erTad jgufi ganwmediliyvnen yoveli satanjvelisa da kerpTa Tayvaniscemisagan. amieridan sikeTisa da simarTlis saqmeebisaken Semoiqcnen85. mefe Tirdatma, roca miaRwia qalaq valarsapats, brZana, rom gamocxadebuliyvnen Tavisi samefos mwerlebi da ubrZana maT, saxelmwifos rom mieweraT mravali werilebi mcxovrebisaTvis, Tavisi raTa gamocxadebuliyvnen mTavrebi, gamgeblebi, winamZRolebi, meTaurebi qarTlis auxsna mefesTan mefesTan86 werilebSi qalaq da valarsapatSi. werili yovelive, rac alanebis Tavs werilebi mefesTan87, gardaxdaT da uTxra: ,,amitom saswrafod unda CamoxvideT CemTan!~ roca Cavida werilebi, mivida masTan sami mefe: mefe afxazTa88, mefe qarTlisa, mefe alanebisa, maTTan erTad jgufi mTavrebisa: pirveli gipsisa,89 meore mTavari artanujisa,90 85 86 87 ‫( جع‬dabrundnen), ‫ _ م ك ج ج‬20 a, maRlidan me-4 xazi, ‫ _ الي اين‬20 a, maRlidan me-4 xazi; rogorc zemoT iTqva, akad. n. mars arabuli teqstis am adgilas Camatebuli aqvs sityvebi ‫`( الي م ك ابح‬afxazebis mefesTan da~), xsenebuli sityvebi xelnawerSi ar dasturdeba; am sakiTxebis Sesaxeb ix. winamdebare naSromis _ SeniSvna #3; 88 ‫ _ م ك ابح‬20 a, maRlidan me-6 xazi; 89 xelnawerSi ikiTxeba ‫( الح سي‬20 a, maRlidan me-7 xazi), rac n. mars savsebiT marTebulad Seusworebia rogorc ‫( مس ط ل ي س‬gipsis mTavari, _ mari 1905: 114), 90 ‫ _ ا ط‬teqstSi ikiTxeba `artanuji~. Nn. adoncis azriT, adreul teqstebSi unda `azrianeni~ werebuliyo (adonci: 93). berZnul teqstSi marTlac `arzianenzea~ saubari (gariti 1946: 72). arabuli teqstis `artanuji~ rom `arzianenis~ damaxinjebuli formaa, amas savsebiT marTebulad mxars uWers n. afciauri (afciauri 1987: 24). 191 romelsac didi bdexSi 91 mTavari; meoTxe _ ospetosi erqva da mutazinebis95 mTavari iyo mTaTa _ armasanis92 ospitebisa93, romelsac erqva; mesame kusebisa94 gamgebeli dacvisa, mexuTe _ da mTavari mamikoniani96, mas sparapetosi erqva, is iyo patroni mTeli somxeTis jarisa _ cxenosnebisa da qveiTebisa da ar Sordeboda somxeTis mTavarTagan vaxseneT did da emorCilebodnen, mxolod mefes; visac yvelani, vaxsenebT, kumurdulis97 vinc omebSi mas mTavari, romelic aris maxloblad [mcxovrebi] Zlieri kurditebisa98 ar iyo mis xelTa qveS; meSvide99 _ mflobeli didi sofeniosisa100, igi iyo mdinareTa qveynis101 qveynis maxloblad savaraudoa, rom `arzianenis~ `artanujad~ gadakeTebac ganzrax moxda, raTa amiT artanuji somxeTis politikur olqad warmoeCinaT; ‫بيت ش‬ ‫( ا م‬merdebi [mardapetebi], afciauri 1987: 24), 93 ‫( اس يتي‬ospitianebi, _ afciauri 1987: 24), 94 ‫ _ ق سي‬J. garitis azriT, aq kavkasiis mTebze unda iyos 91 92 saubari (gariti 1946: 219), 95 ‫ _ مط ني‬berZnul teqstSi Wanabzea saubari (gariti 1946: 72), am garemoebaze yuradRebas amaxvilebs n. afciauri, 96 97 98 99 ‫م ني‬, ‫ق‬, ‫( ق يط‬androikorditebi, _ afciauri 1987: 25), rogorc vxedavT, CamoTvlisas `mexuTes~ Semdeg `meSvide~ mTavaria naxsenebi, TrdatTan Casul `meeqvse mTavrad~ `kumurdulis mTavari~ igulisxmeba. Nn. maris azriT, aq saubaria `korWaiqebze~ (mari 1905: 206),A 100 101 ‫ص في س‬, ‫( م ي اان‬mdinareTa qalaqi, _ mesopotamia), 192 mcxovrebi; merve _ RarRarTa102 qveynis mTavari; mecxre _ rusTinTa103 mTavari, meTerTmete _ meTormete _ desbudTa106 meaTe siunielTa105 _ mafsunTa104 mTavari da mTavari, damcveli; mTavari; mecamete _ mTavari utielebisa107; meToTxmete _ zavaridebis108 mTavari, igi iyo kurditebis maxloblad mcxovrebi; meTxuTmete _ mmarTveli xorxoruniusebisa109, romelic iyo mpyrobeli malxazunebisa110; da meTeqvsmete _ Tazruniusis111 arqonti; _ da mTeli xalxi Seikriba Tavisi Tanamdebobis Sesabamisad. ai, is Teqvsmeti mTavari, romelnic CamoTvala mefem da romelTac gaugzavna [werilebi], raTa pativi daedo maTTvis. moilaparakes erTmaneTSi da ganizraxes mefesTan wasvla. da aRsrulda es. Dda, roca Cavidnen masTan, uTxra maT mefe Tirdatma: `samefos kacno, mxareTa da samefos jarTa winamZRolno, 102 103 104 105 106 ‫( غ غ‬gugarqi), ‫( ال ست‬rStuniqi), ‫( مف‬20 a, qvemodan me-4 xazi; n. maris gamocemaSi _ ‫ _ مف‬mari 1905: 114, _ mokebi (afciauri 1987: 27), ‫( س ي‬siuniqebi, _ afciauri 1987: 27), ‫( سي ا‬despotia, n. adoncis azriT, aq gvaqvs wavdeelTa qveynis damaxinjebuli forma, _ adonci 1905: 293, am azrs iziarebs n. afciauri, _ afciauri 1987: 27), 107 ‫( اتي‬utiqelebi), 108 ‫ي‬ (zarevandelebi), 109 ‫( خ خ ني‬xorxoruniqelebi), 110 111 _ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬, ‫( ت ني‬20 a, zemodan pirveli xazi, n. maris gamocemaSi ‫ _ )ت ني‬mari 1905: 114, arwruni, _ afciauri 1987: 28), 193 meTaurebo da dagvemarTa; mmarTvelebo, iciT, Tu iciT, ara, Tu rom ara, ra waiwymida ambavi qurumTa sarwmunoeba, [Tu] ra gavukeTeT am wmida kacsa da ubiwo asulebs? radgan kerpTa da maTi msaxuri qurumebis gamo cdomilebasa da sikvdilSi viyaviT, Cven vtanjavdiT cocxali RmerTis moyvarulebs. da RmerTma ineba, rom davetanjeT eSmakTagan, romelTac vemonebiT da vasxamdiT xotbas da vadidebdiT, swored maTgan davitanjeT; xolo visac vtanjavdiT, man ixsna igi yvela satanjvelisa da [aseve] sikvdilisagan, romliskenac Cven vubiZgebdiT, _ raTa Segvecno WeSmaritebis gza~, _ da man mouTxro yovelive, rac Tavs gardaxdaT, _ eubneboda mTavrebs: `Tqven rogor uyurebT amas?~ maSin mTavarni krebuli maSinve [aRivsnen] SesZaxes: grigoriusis, SiSiT ,,Cven vendobiT da amasTan WeSmaritad mis da somexTa sixaruliT msmenelni da varT sarwmunoebas112 da SeviswavliT sityvas misas; SevismenT, davmorCildebiT, yovelives viqmT, rasac wmidani gvibrZanebs, ganveSorebiT kerpTa Tayvaniscemas~, _ da yovelma maTganma marTlac Sexeda wmidans da [grigoriusi] Seudga maT ganswavlas, [qadagebda yuradRebas ise], rogorc amaxvilebda adre da RmerTis ukeTesadac; wmida maT wignTa ganmartebaze. da yovelni gankurna samebis rwmeniT da daafuZna erTi RmerTis, yovlismpyrobeli mamis da misi erTaderTi Zis, _ WeSmariti RmrTisagan Sobili da ara 112 ‫ام ن‬, 194 qmnili WeSmariti RmerTis da gamomavali suliwmidis rwmenaze113. da moiTxova, daesabuTebinaT TavianTi rwmena imiT, rom daengriaT kerpTa taZrebi. mefe Tirdati upirvelesad im taZris dangrevas Seudga, romelic qalaq artasatSi aaSenes. aiRo oqro, vercxli, Zvirfaseuliba, RmerTis samosamsaxuro imdeni WurWeli, rom ra aRwers. gamovida mefe Tirdati, masTan erTad netari grigoriusi da mravali mTavari da wavidnen qalaq k-sa-t-n-Si114. man brZana artimuSis115 taZris dangreva. amis Semdeg TavianT qurumisken116, vgulisxmob, [rom wavidnen] oqro, vercxli ablunis117 da taZrisaken yvela da samosamsaxuro aiRes iqidan WurWeli da Caabares xazinas, raTa SeenaxaT eklesiaTa Sesamkobad, romelTa asaSenebladac undodaT. Dda, roca eSmakebma ixiles, Tu ra xdeboda, [roca ixiles] mefisa da misi winamZRolebis qmedeba, Tu rogor waiRes maT Zvirfaseuloba, warmodga maT winaSe eSmaki 113 sainteresoa, rom aq ar aris aRniSnuli, Tu visgan gamodis suliwmida, _ teqsti iwereba im periodSi, roca qristeanul samyaroSi kamaTia imis Sesaxeb, Zisganac gamodis suliwmida, Tu _ ara; teqstis avtori, Cans, Tavs aridebs kamaTs... am sakiTxze ukve vsaubrobdiT meore TavSi... 114 115 ‫( قس طن‬q-sāṭ-n), ‫( ا طي ش‬21 a, zemodan me-8 xazi), n. marTan _ ‫( ا طي س‬mari 1905: 116; artemide), 116 ‫ _ ع اف‬1. , 2. (baranovi 1977: 510), 117 ‫( اب ن‬21 a, zemodan me-8 xazi, _ iblun, _ apoloni, teqstSi es saxeli gaxmovanebulia, 195 cxenze amxedrebul da qveiT, _ kargad SeiaraRebul jarTan erTad, [SeiaraRebulni iyvnen] SubebiT, isrebiT, ketebiT, qvebiT, amas isrodnen taZrebidan, magram iaraRi uZlurad vardeboda da veras aklebda adamians. imaT, visac RmerTi jer mtkiced ar swamdaT, SiSi daecaT. xolo wmida grigiriuss rac Seexeba, man gamosaxa jvari patiosani, aiRo grZeli Subi da SeiWra eSmakTa laSqris SuagulSi, romelTac misi gamoCenisTanave adgilzeve [daiwyes] tanisamosis Semoxeva da [Semdeg] miwynardnen, TiTqosda arc ki moismoda, _ romelmac yoveli yofiliyvnen. iZaxdnen: ,,vai, adgilidan mxolod Cvens maTi Tavsa gagvdevna. xmaRa qristesgan, igi adamianis Svilis _ qalwuli mariamisagan iSva. axla aqedan im adamianis gamo datyvevebuli videvnebiT, iyo. [vinc] mravalnairi Sekruli satanjveli da WaSi vawvnieT, magram veraferi gvargo. axla kavkasiis mTebSi wavideT, vicxovriT mis Sida mxareSi118. da wmida grigiriusma daangria yvela is taZari. mefe Tirdatma gadmosuliyvnen taZarTa qristeanul 118 msaxurebs ubrZana, sarwmunoebaze. akad. mars es adgili ise aqvs gagebuli, TiTqos eSmakebi CrdiloeTis mxareSi apireben wasvlas (mari 1905: 117). SeniSvnebSi sityva _ ‫ ج ف‬ganmartebuli aqvs rogorc _ (mari 1905: 192); `wmida grigoris cxovrebis~ berZnul xelnawers aqvs Sesabamisi adgili, romelSic `CrdiloeTi~ naxsenebi ar aris. sityva _ ‫ج ف‬, rogorc Cans, ar unda iTargmnos rogorc _ `Crdilo~, x. k. baranovis leqsikonis mixedviT, misi mniSvnelobebia: , (baranovi 1977: 149), 196 samosamsaxuro WurWelze ki brZana, rom nawili RaribTaTvis, nawili ki _ samefo xazinisaTvis gadaecaT. aseve alanebis moiqcnen, miwaze119 agreTve, lazebis, qarTlisa da da Seiqmna yvela mefe erTi azrisa, rom gaxdeboda Tavmdebi Cveni uflis _ qristes sarwmunoebis [dacvisa] da gandgeboda kerpTa Tayvaniscemisagan. da mefe iCqaroda zevsis120 taZris dangrevas, masSi mdebare oqrosa da vercxlis wamoRebasa da xazinisaTvis gadacemas. da aRsrulda es. igi brZanebda, rom yovel qalaqSi daengriaT taZrebi da maTi qoneba SeenaxaT manam, sanam dadgeboda maTze meTauri, [romelic yovelives ise] moawesrigebda, rogorc inebebda. da wmida grigiriusi ubrZanebda maT, rom aRemarTaT jvrebi da [kerpTa] taZrebis garSemo zRudeebi SemoevloT; ubrZanebda maT, rom eklesiebi eSenebinaT, vgulisxmob mefeebsa da yvela mmarTvels, sakurTxevlebis gareSe, _ imitom, rom maT jer ar hyavdaT samRvdeloeba; ubrZanebda, rom aRemarTaT jvrebi bazrebSi, gzebze, yovel adgilas, raTa gaeyaraT eSmakebi im adgilebidan. gandidebuli swavlebiT; iyo da igi yvela RmerTis iyo adgilas sityviTa masTan da suliwmida, qadagebda, yovelgvari [romelic] exmareboda misi ganzraxvisda Sesabamisad. amis Semdeg gaemarTnen qalaq daranalusisaken 121, da masTan erTad mefeebic, da daeSvnen sofelSi, romelsac 119 120 121 21 b, zemodan me-8 xazi, ‫ي‬, ‫( ا ان‬22 a), 197 miTrodani122 hqvia, am adgilas zevsis123 taZari iyo da daangries es taZari da aiRo yvelaferi, rac ki iq iyo da gaanawila gaWirvebulTa Soris; brZana, rom eklesiebisaTvis, romlebic qristes saxeliT unda aegoT, SeenaxaT oqros, vercxlisa da Zvirfasi qvebis kerpebi da aRmarTa iq jvrebi. da gaemarTnen mxned sxva soflebisken. mefe Zlieri mondomebiTa da RvwiT xalxs _ yvelas ganayenebda kerpTa Tayvaniscemisagan da maT wmida grigoriusis swavlebiT qriste RmerTTan aaxloebda. da gaemarTnen qalaq afruxiaSi124. am adgilas idga cixe da masSi Zvel mefeTa saflavebi iyo. iq marxavdnen [xolme] somxeTis mefes. iq, _ mefeTa gverdiT zevsis125 taZari iyo. vercxlisa pirveli da taZris Zvirfasi msgavsad, qvebisa. mas [isic] iseve oqros, moeqcnen, rogorc pirvels da aRmarTes iq qristes niSi. da gaemarTnen sxva taZarSi, sadac iyo artemisis didi taZari. roca miaRwies artemisis taZars [im] did qalaqSi, romelsac arzuni126 erqva da [romelSic] mefeebi 122 123 124 ‫( مت ا‬Tordani), , ‫( اف حي‬22 a, zemodan me-10 xazi), n. marTan _ ‫( اف جي‬mari 1905: 89), mkvlevaris aRniSvniT, winare teqstebSi orive formis arsebobaa savaraudo (mari 1905: 202-203)... Mmisi azriT, am adgilas qalaq anis Sesaxeb unda yofiliyo saubari. Semdeg, Cans, gadamwerebs teqsti `SeusworebiaT~ da anis nacvlad ‫ اف حي‬an ‫( اف جي‬frigia) CauweriaT... ANAN 125 126 , ‫ا ا‬, 198 ikribebodnen grigoriusma xolme sadResaswaulod, borkilebiTa da sadac sxvadasxva wmida satanjveliT mowameoba daiwyo, roca mefe, netari da mTeli laSqari [im adgils] miuaxlovdnen, isev gamoCndnen eSmakebi mravalricxovani jarebiT da dauwyes SeSineba, magram wmida grigoriusma jvris gamosaxviT gandevna isini. roca ixila jarma, rom mteri jvris gamosaxviT gayara, xalxs cocxali RmerTis siyvaruliT rwmenisaTvis guli gaexsna. im taZris kedlebi marTlac rom TavisiT daiqca da xalxma naxa es. da maSin netari iqiTken jvriT gaemarTa. amis mere mefe, grigoriusi da mTeli laSqari wavidnen, gadaiares evfrati127 da gaemarTnen qalaqisaken, Tilusi128 romelsac hqvia. amis Semdeg daangries aTinusis129 taZari, rom yvela WurWeli qalaq TilusSi eklesiisaTvis SeenaxaT, romelic unda agebuliyo. ase amrigad, mbrZaneblobdnen. yvela adgilas, sadac ganamtkicebdnen mividodnen, qristeanul sarwmunoebas da Tesavdnen maTSi RmerTis sityvas. mTeli xalxi meoreni iswrafvoda ki im [maTken], erTni, saswaulisaTvis, raTa mefe enaxaT, romelTac wmida grigoriusi iqmoda. misi sityviTa da, amasTan, locviT taZrebi zRudeebiTurT ingreoda da TavisiT ecemoda. igi mraval satkivars kurnavda, _ Zvelsa da axals. mefe Tirdati ki ar isvenebda da yvela qalaqSi qadagebda, rom maTi Zveli sarwmunoeba dabali da damRupvelia; uambobda ‫الف‬, ‫ثي‬, 129 ‫( اثي س‬aTina), 127 128 199 im satkivarze, patrikiosebs; rac da daemarTaT [uambobda] TviTon mowyalebaze, da Tavis romelic RmerTma uboZa saxeliT wmida grigoriusisa, vinc RmerTma sxvadasxvagvari satkivrisagan ixsna da [gaaTavisufla] ormodan, romelSic qvemZromebi iyvnen. da gaemarTnen qalaqSi, romelsac darzanuni130 hqvia. aq iyo zevsis131 taZari. da wmidanis meoxebiT daangria igi da saswrafod Seudga maT Semoqcevas RmerTis rwmenaze. amis Semdeg mefe Tirdati wavida qalaq araratSi, raTa moeTaTbira colTan, dasTan da yvela mTavarTan, rom daeyenebina maT Tavze meTauri, daewyo naTloba, gamxdariyvnen misi Rirsi. masTan erTad qalaq artasatSi, _ araratis mxareSi grigoriusic gaemarTa. da moelaparaka yvelas, Tqva: `modiT axla da moviyvanoT [igi] vinc gvaswavla gza WeSmaritebisa, vinc Segvacnobina WeSmariti mze da gangvdrika sibnelisa da sibilwis samsaxurisgan, wamogviyvana maTgan, _ axla ki vTxovoT grigors, damwyemsos qristes samwyso, raTa naTlobis ufleba miiRos da Seudges wmida ziarebas; netaris swavlebiT daiwveba Cveni [avi] fiqrebi, radganac [jer] ar migviRia sruli niWi; da Cven amis gamo aRfrTovanebuli varT. wmida grigoriusma miugo mefes da yvela meTaurs: `me ara var am tvirTis Rirsi, _ ar SemiZlia, viyo Suamavali cocxal RmerTsa da xalxs Soris~. uTxres: `Sen 130 131 igi ‫ن‬ xar, vinc es didi , , 200 saswaulebi moimoqmede, gangvamtkice marTali sarwmunoebiT, Seni swavlebiT, sibrZniTa da tkbili sityviT. aba, rogor ara xar Rirsi, iyo Suamavali RmerTsa da xalxs Soris? Cven ukve gamovcadeT, rom yvelaferi, rasac cocxal RmerTs sTxov, gveZRvneba~. da sanam amaze fiqrobda, saRamoc da mefis vaxSmobis dromac moawia. xalxi Tav-Tavisi adgilebisken wavida. im RamiT RmerTis angelosi gamoecxada mefes, _ moelvare cecxlis msgavsi da uTxra mas: `Tirdat, Sen rCeuli da mtkice gziT midixar, maS, aCqardi, Seasrule, rac gangizraxavs, radgan vinc gadgafuZnaT [rwmenaze], igi is aris, visac [SeuZlia], maS, swrafad saidumlo. srulyos daayeneT TqvenSi samebis grigori Tqvens meTaurad, waiyvaneT qalaq kesariaSi, sadac Seiswavla WeSmariti sityva da mTeli moZRvreba, _ iq miecema mRvdloba. me masac veCvenebi, raTa ar SegvewinaaRmdegos~. mefem is Rame locvasa da morCilebaSi gaatara. meore dRes movida mTeli xalxi. im Rames grigoriussac gamoecxada RmerTis angelosi da uTxra mas: `grigori, nu cdilob win aRudge Tirdats, is gevedreba, daumwyemso xalxi, romelmac Seni saxeliT miiRo xsna~. diliT yvela Seikriba mefesTan da [mefem] grigoriusis saTxovnelad [kaci] gagzavna. mefem xalxis winaSe moyva, rac ixila: `me WeSmaritad Rirsi gavxdi, angelosi mexila~. da iyo sixaruli masSi SiSTan erTad. uTxra maT: _ `angelosma miTxra, _ vubrZaneb grigors, ar SegewinaaRmdegos~. 201 igi Cqarobda xalxis Segrovebas, raTa daesrulebinaT is, rac Caifiqres da WeSmaritad rom grigoriusmac aaRelva isini Tavis xilviT, _ daadastura mefis naTqvami, uTxra maT: _ `rogorc mibrZana RmerTma da Tqvenma survilma, ise gavakeTeb~. arxontebi, yvela, momzadebuliyvnen, raTa grigoriusTan erTad wasuliyvnen kesariaSi, romelsac Tu somxurad vTargmniT, mazaka132 hqvia. mefe Tirdatma maT gaatana mravali saCuqrebs saCuqari Seexeba, isini da gasca sagzaod sarCo. patriarqis, rac eklesiaTa msaxurebisa da qveyanaTa meTaurebisaTvis, _ saxarjo da saWmeli maT [sWirdebodaT] kesariaSi da [ukan] wamosasvlelad. amasTan, winamZRolebmac sagzlad waiRes didZali saCuqari, [raTa] esiamovnebinaT xalxisaTvis. grigoriusi samefo etlze oqroTi dasves. da Zvirfasi winamZRolebi qvebiT Semkul didi pativiT misdevdnen kesariisaken. mTeli jarebis winamZRoloba iyo xelTa qveS artavazdusisa 133, _ mamikonianTa mTavrisa da sparapetosisa, romlis xelTa qveS mTeli somxeTi iyo. es orni iyvnen mefis sando pirni, romelTac evaleboda mTeli jarebis mowesrigeba. isini agzavnidnen xolme winmaval [razms], raTa gaemzadebina maTTvis [yvelaferi] saWiro, iqneboda es qalaqad Tu soflad; maTi ricxvi iyo sami aTasi cxenosani, garda msaxurTa da mxleblebisa, maT Tan hqondaT, agreTve, mefe Tirdatis [mier] episkopos 132 133 ‫م ق‬, ‫اط اس‬, 202 leontiusTan [gagzavnili] werili. yvela qalaqsa Tu sofelSi, roca gaigebdnen qristes mowame grigoriusi qalaq kesariaSi somxeTis midis, mkvidrebs, cnobisaken, sanTlebiTa raTa uwinamZRvros romlebic moaqcia da kelaptrebiT xalxs, RmerTis gamodiodnen kacni da qalni, ymawvilni da sixaruliT egebebodnen wmidans, [raTa] dalocviliyvnen misgan, da adidebdnen RmerTs qristes sjulze am xalxis wmida grigoriusis saxeliT moqcevis gamo. sebastiis episkoposma mTel mrevlTan erTad sTxova wmidans, ramdenime dRes darCeniliyo maTTan. netarma upasuxa, uTxra: `roca davbrundebiT, viqmT amas, magram dRes ara.~ or dReze mets ar darCenila maTTan. am or dRes [episkoposi] saukeTesod maspinZlobda maT. da gaemarTnen kesariisken. maT Sesaxeb cnoba yvelgan win uswrebda msaxurTa Casvlas, romelTac unda moemzadebinaT saWiroebani. qalaqTa da sofelTa mTeli mcxovrebni gamodiodnen Sesaxvedrad, aRfrTovandebodnen maTiT, adidebdnen da xotbas asxamdnen RmerTs, romelmac ixsna isini kerpebisadmi msaxurebisagan. roca qalaq kesarias miuaxlovdnen, wmida leontiusTan [kaci] gagzavnes, raTa ecnobebinaT misTvis [wmida grigoriusis] Casvla, agreTve qalaqis TavTan, raTa ebrZanebina [mas], Tu romel adgilas Camomsxdariyvnen da mowyobiliyvnen. patriarq leontiussa da qalaqis Tavs didZali oqro gaugzavnes. roca wmida mamam, patriarqma, Seityo es dasaZaxeblad [ambavi], da gagzavna moumzada 203 maT [kaci] qalaqis adgilebi, Tavis romlebic sacxovreblad mosaxerxebeli saxlebSi daasaxla, masTan iyo. mTavrebi saukeTeso xolo wmida grigoriuss ubrZana, saepiskoposoSi damdgariyo. qalaqis xalxi _ yvela: kacebic, qalebic da ymawvilebic qalaqis TavTan erTad qalaqgareT _ oTxi milis134 [daSorebiT] daxvdnen da mSvidobas usurvebdnen wmidans. roca [qalaqis Tavma] dainaxa [igi], Camovida samefo etlidan da didi sixaruliTa da aRfrTovanebiT fexiT misdevda, sanam ar Sevidnen qalaqSi. roca eklesiis maxloblad miaRwies, maT Sexvda mRvdlebTan arqiepiskoposi da RmerTis mTel wmida Tavis eklesiis mrevlTan, msaxurebTan erTad da mSvidoba usurva netar grigoriussa da im Teqvsmet locva mmarTvels. aRavlines. yvelani eklesiaSi [mTavarepiskoposma] Sevidnen uTxra da maT, sacxovreblad saepiskoposoSi damdgariyvnen. yvela maTi ambavi Seityo da Seudga RmerTis WeSmariti gzis Secnobis swavlebas. amis Semdeg grigoriussa da Teqvsmet xelisufals, romlebic misgan, sWirdebodaT. rac masTan da iyvnen, ubrZana, waeRo mTeli qalaqi aRivso sixaruliTa da xalisiT im xalxis gamo, romlebic misi saxeliT gadarCa; aRinTo kelaptrebi. arqiepiskoposma leontiusma [kaci] gagzavna episkoposebisa da mitropolitTa mosayvanad, romelnic mis xelTa qveS iyvnen, raTa Semokrebiliyvnen masTan. roca yvelani movidnen, warmouCina maT mefe Tirdatis werili; werilSi ase iyo: 134 ‫امي‬, 204 `didi somxeTis dedofal mefe asSenasagan, Tirdatisagan, misi dis misi colis, kursuxkutasagan135, _ somxeTis yvela mcxovrebisagan! Cvens batons, TavTa Tavs kapadokiisa da mTavrebsa da pontoisa, mTel didebulebs, mis kesariaSi samwysos, mcxovreb mis yvela qristeans! o, netarno, saWiroa, sruli siyvaruliT, simdabliTa da aRsarebiT vaRiaroT da gagagebinoT Tqven, vinc cocxali RmerTis ZaliT kurnavT sneulebs, Cvens pirvel WrilobaTa Sesaxeb; gacnobebT kacTmoyvare RmerTis uxvi TanagrZnobisa da im aRmzrdeli sasjelis Sesaxeb, Cven rom gvawvnia. uwin Cven bneli Rrublis qveS viyaviT dabnelebulni, ZalgviZda qufri WeSmariti gvifaravda RmerTis Tvalebs Secnoba; ar da ar SegveZlo WeSmaritebis mzis _ qristes danaxva imitom, rom fuW kerpTa mZlavrebis [qveS] viyaviT; aseve iyvnen mamani Cvenni; yvelas, vinc ki Cveni fuWi rwmenisa ar iyo, vaZagebdiT da vtanjavdiT. Semoqceva da am kacTmoyvare WeSmariti gzisken, RmerTma _ ineba gamogvigzavna Cveni Tavisi mowmeebi. maT Cvengan siave miiRes da qristes wmidebad Seiqmnen. Secnoba Cven ar gvindoda erTi WeSmariti RmerTis da es grigoriusi, romelsac ar eneba monawileobis miReba Cvens bilwsityvaobasa da CvenTan erTad kerpTa satanjveliT gvajoba. 135 TayvaniscemaSi, davtanjeT. bolos man vbrZaneT, ki rom sxvadasxvagvari Tavisi moTminebiT gadaegdoT mware mefis dis saxeli amjerad aseTi formiTaa mocemuli ‫( ق سح ط‬25 a, qvemodan me-3 xazi); 205 sikvdilSi, [ese igi] ormos fskerze _ sadac vyridiT xolme qvewarmavlebTan sikvdilmisjilebs, [romelnic] fskerze davardnamde, im qvewarmavalTa gamonasunTqisagan ixocebodnen, gaSeSdebodnen xolme im saaTSive. rac am netars Seexeba, man, daculma, iq TxuTmeti weli gaatara. da Cven gveniSna amiT, rom masTan iyo madli da Semweoba RmrTisa, raTa misi qalebi, asulebi, swavlebiT gamoeqcnen gadavrCeniliyaviT. qalaq romidan da mefe dioklitianuss da Cvens qveyanaSi Semovidnen. mefisagan werili miviReT, sadac am ambavs gvatyobinebda. Cven SevipyariT isini, magram ver gadavibireT usjuloebaSi. maSin sxvadasxvagvari satanjveliT vtanjeT da bolos davxoceT. qristem ineba Cveni [mkacrad] aRzrda Cveni borotebis gamo da gvzarda Tavisi uxvi wyalobiT. Mme, mefe, taxis saxisad maqcia da gadamca im eSmakebs, romelTac vadidebdiT. rac Cems mTavrebsa da didebulebs Seexeba, [isini] xorcs iWamdnen da tansacmels ixevdnen. Cemi ambavs. warmogzavnilebi xilvis amoviyvaneT Segvexeba, gacnobeben meoxebiT, wmidani movisveneT wmida romelic gvelebiani grigoriusis Cems das ormodan. SfoTvisagan, rac misi hqonda, rac Cven locviT mogvexsna. da man Segvacnobina marTali sarwmunoeba, raTa gvcodnoda cocxali RmerTi, Ze misi da suliwmida. da igi avirCieT, raTa Seqmniliyo winamZRvrad, magram ver daviTanxmeT Rirsi ara [imaze], var, rasac vTxovdiT. elvasaviT [maSin] brwyinvale me, vinc angelosi gamomecxada da mibrZana aRmesrulebina es, miTxra: `me masac gamovecxadebi, raTa ar [SegewinaaRmdegos] amaze, 206 rasac Sen ubrZaneb, [ese igi] winamZRvrobis miRebaze. adeqiT [da iRvaweT], raTa Seiqmnas Tqvenda mwyemsad. da [im] adgilas waiyvaneT, sadac wignebiSeiswavlao~. da [axla] Cven Sen gTxovT, Seni wmida xeliT uboZo niSani mRvdlobisa, gagvixde mwyemsad da gaaxare amiT warmogzavnilni. Cven didi mondomebiT Cemi davamsxvrieT kerpebi, davangrieT [Zveli] taZrebi da yovel adgilas jvrebi aRvmarTeT136. [wmida] mowame grigoriusma eklesiaTa aSeneba gvibrZana. amieridan Cveni TxovniT [dae] aRasrulos man [es saqme] SewevniT Seni siwmidisa. iloce CvenTvis yvela mRvdelTan da qristesmier ZmasTan erTad, raTa SevudgeT [Cveni] mxsnelis _ ieso qristes sruli naTlobisa da madlis miRebas da miveTvaloT Tqvens samwyos, Sens winamZRolebs, didebulebsa da Seni qveynis mTel xalxs~. netari leontiusi da kesariis mravali mcxovrebi sixaruliT aRivsnen. da brZana, daekmayofilebinaT wmida grigoriusis da masTan erTad mis winamZRolTa Txovna, romlebmac eklesiisaTvis oqrosa da vercxlis WurWeli moitanes. da wmida grigoriusi akurTxes137 mRvdlad, rogorac roca brZana somxeTis qveynis mefem. es aRsrulda, Teqvsmetma mTavarma aiRes, rac wamoimZRvanies da sixaruliT dauriges ara mxolod eklesiebs, aramed qalaqis winamZRolebsa sapativsacemo 136 137 da tanisamosi, xalxs: Cinebuli patiosani qvebi ‫ _ طحطح‬vulg. forma ‫ طحن‬zmnisa, ‫( س‬aRniSnes), 207 cxenebi, da misi msgavsni; kesariis mcxovrebni xalisiTa da sixaruliT aRivsnen wmida mowamisa da qveynis yvela warCinebuli mTavrisa da [sixaruliT winamZRolebis aRivsnen] [kesariaSi] wmida miRebis eklesiaSi maTi gamo, erTad Semokrebis, wmida naTlobisa da RmerTisaken Semoqcevis, im fuWi, damRupveli Zaladobisagan gaTavisuflebis gamo, [rac aRsrulda] netaris, ese igi wmida grigoriusis moTminebiT, romelic maT qalaqSi aRizarda, ganaTlda da ganiswavla. da Seikribnen episkoposni patriarq leontiusTan, wavidnen miiyvanes wmida Sesakrebel netari, eklesiaSi, gauxsnes wmida sakurTxevelTan evangeleebi da gadauSales wmida mowame grigoriuss, _ [wmida wignTa] maRiarebels. netarma leontiusma da yvela episkoposma daasxes mas xelni, warmoTqves masze locva, romelic yvelasaTvis saWiroa, visac winamZRvrobasTan miaxloeba surs da Semoses striqoniT. mTeli xalxi iZaxda: `Rirsia, Rirsia, Rirsia!~ aRasrules wirva. [erTi] adgili evangeleTagan gadauxsnes [im] diakons, romelsac im dRes evaleboda evangeles kiTxva, da im adgilas, romelic unda waekiTxa, ese iyo: ,me var mwyemsi keTili, romelsac davdeb sulsa Cemsa Cemi samwysosaTvis~_ da rac mosdevs Semdeg. wirvis aRsrulebis Semdeg mTelma xalxma mSvidoba usurva didi somxeTis wmida mitropolits _ grigoriuss da ramdenime dRes datova TavisTan igi da masTan myofni. da qalaqgareT galobiT, sakmevlis kmeviTa da locviT miacilebdnen mravalni episkoposni, kesariis mTavarni da 208 gamgebelni, saerTod, _ mcxovrebni: kacebi, qalebi, ymawvilebi. wmida leontiusma da mTavarepiskoposma mas wmida Zali139, rogorc sTxova [es] netarma grigoriusma. da [wmida iovane nawilebi 138 misces leontiusma] naTlismcemlis weriliT upasuxa mefis [da] werils. gamoemSvidoba [wmida grigoriusi] mas da aseve yvela episkoposs. aiyvanes samefo etlze wmida nawilebTan erTad, romlebic mas [Tan] hqonda. da gabrundnen TavianT qalaq kesariaSi, gaocebulni iyvnen imiT, rac naxes im xalxSi, wmidans rom axlda. da [iyvnen] gaxarebulni imiT, rom moiqcnen romelic wmida isini erTiani leontiusma eklesiisken. miwera mefes, werilSi es iyo: `Tirdats, mefes didi somxeTisa, dedofal asSens, mis das kursuxkatas140, mTel xalxs! mSvidoba Tqvenda cocxali RmerTisagan, erTi RmerTis Zis _ ieso qristesa da wmida sulisagan; didi qalaqis _ kesariis karibWeTa mravalepiskoposis _ leontiusisagan! mSvidoba moqceulxarT Tqvenda, [RmerTis] vinac cnobisken, aRzrdilxarT, rameTu iyaviT gzasacdenilni da moZiebul iqmeniT, mkvdarni [iyaviT] da sicocxle moipoveT; gixarodeT da imxiaruleT samaradJamod, imitom, rom Zveli siaviT, romelic awvnieT wmidanebs da WrilobebiT, romlebiTac aRavseT isini, ‫عظ‬, ‫( م‬27 a, zemodan me-9 xazi), n. mari am sityvas beWdavs rogorc ‫( م‬mari 1905: 128; vfiqrobT, aq unda gvqondes vulg. forma arsebiTi saxelisa _ ‫( م‬ , , baranovi 138 139 1977: 748), 140 ‫ق سح ط‬, 209 Tqven marTali Semecnebisaken SemobrundiT. rac [mogvwere] da rac Senma warmogzavnilebma aRgviweres, gavigeT da gaganaTlaT vadideT Tqven [im] qristes qalwulTa madli, romelmac meoxebiT, romelnic mokaliT imitom, rom jerac Zaladobis [monobaSi] iyaviT. rac maT Seexeba, miiRes maradiuli cxovreba Cvens RmerT ieso qristesTan erTad; [ganaTldiT] agreTve meoxebiT wmida grigoriusisa, SemecnebiT, romelic pataraobidanve sikeTeTa iRzrdeboda. [igi] swavliTa da wamovida RmerTis wmida TqvenTan, wignebiT SeinarCuna qristesadmi Tavisi rwmena da aRasrula Tavisi Rvawli, rogorc uTqvams mociquls da miiRo gvirgvini; man swavlebiT gadmogcaT Tqven madli RmrTisa da moeqca qristes rCeulebTan Sesabamisad, erTad. mivuaxlove igi, zeciur Tqveni niWs. man Txovnis Cvengan, _ uRirsTagan miiRo xarisxi da gaxda samwysos mwyemsad igi, vinc Tavidanve ganemtkicebineT. aRasrula da Tqvenze. airCia rogorc amieridan suliwmida, winamZRvarma miiReT raTa yovelive wmida keTil mwyemsad da brZen maswavleblad da pirvel gamriged. Cven ki mudam mtkice rwmeniT vilocebT TqvenTvis meoxebiT RmerTisadmi Tqveni siyvarulisa da morCilebisa keTili mwyemsisadmi, romelic mogeZRvnaT qristes madliT. da roca amas aRasrulebT, CvenTan iqnebiT WeSmaritad rom sxeulebrivad gancalkevebiT, magram sulierad erTad viqnebiT. keTili mama RmerTi da misi erTaderTi Ze _ qriste RmerTi gfaravdeT suliwmidis meoxebiT, gixsnaT 210 SfoTvisagan da mogicvaT Tavisi siyvaruliT. mSvidoba Tqvenda, [Tqvens] sulTa da sxeulTa!~ da gaemarTnen sixaruliT da sebastias. Camoxdnen qalaqSi, romelsac miaRwies sameba141 qalaq hqvia, iq gauSales TavianTi karvebi. aravis arafers gamorCenian arc qalaqsa da arc sofelSi, aramed TavianTi sagzlidan [vaWrobdnen], TanamSromlobdnen xalxTan. sebastielebma TavianTi episkopos, misma wmida xelisufalmac petrosTan gaixara da erTad didi gaixares. kmayofilebiT datova isini sebastiaSi eqvs dRes. amis Semdeg gauSva da gaemarTnen TavianTi qveynisaken. sebastiidan wamoiyvana wmida mRvdlebi da grigoriusma berebi _ arcTu cotani, raTa gaexada mRvdlebad somxeTis eklesiebSi. mas Tan hqonda patriarq leontiusis werili [gagzavnili] sebastiis episkopos [grigoriuss], rom petrosTan, daesva raTa taxtze, igi wahyoloda rogorc saeklesio kanonebi brZanebs. roca miaRwies did somxeTs, maT Sesaxvedrad yoveli mxridan gamoemarTa xalxi. [grigoriusma] naxa, rom yvela dabrunebamde grigoriusi, isini 141 im qalaqSi, ukve aago meufem,142 sadac jvrebi aRmarTa, mis aeSenebinaT eklesiebi. roca Cavida maTSi sakurTxevlebi. da akurTxa... _ episkoposma petrosma wesisamebr. da ‫م‬, am SemTxvevaSi teqstSi marTlac ‫ م‬weria (27a, qvemodan me-2 xazi), aseve beWdavs n. mari (mari 1905: 130). Cans, am sityvis gavleniT Seucvlia mas 27a gv.-ze sityva 142 211 daadgines mRvdlebi qalaq taronSi143, wamovidnen iqidan da miaRwies aStiSats144. qalaq am qalaqis erT-erT adgilas Sedga samefo etli, romelSic wmida grigoriusi ijda. masTan erTad iq ijda netari petrosic. maT Tan hqondaT nawili145 mociqul146 aTenogenusisa147. agreTve, wmida iovane naTlismcemlisa, mixvdnen oriveni, rom am adgilas surdaT yofna wmidanebs; TavisTan myof mTavrebs ubrZanes, rom am adgilas aeSenebinaT eklesia... iovanes saxelze. es wmidanma WeSmaritad rom suliwmidisagan Seityo. [mTavrebma] spetaki daiwyes. [isini ki am aStaSatSi mociqulis eklesiis Seneba dros] TavianTi etlidan qalaq gadavidnen. erT amaRlebul adgilas iyo kerpis taZari, romelsac afroditusi erqva. da ubrZanes mTavrebs, TavianT yma msaxurTa xeliT daengriaT igi. maT aiRes najaxebi da gaemarTnen dasangrevad, magram masTan misadgomi gza ar icodnen da ver SeZles, daerRviaT raimeTi kedlebi. dabrundnen da gaagebines es wmidans. da man aiRo jvari da wavida misiT, dadga [afroditusis] taZris maxloblad, daiCoqa da iloca. da ‫( م‬ix. 139-e SeniSvna); sityva rogorc (mari 1905: 131), 143 144 ‫ط‬, ‫شطش ط‬, ‫ م‬n. mars ganmartavs aqac naxmaria sityva ‫( م‬28b, zemodan me-3 xazi). n. mars es sityva dadgenili aqvs rogorc _ ‫( م‬mari 1905: 130), 146 xelnawerSi amjerad isev weria _ ‫ م‬28b, aseve _ n. marTan (mari 1905: 130), 145 147 ‫اثي ج‬, 212 maSin amovarda Zlieri qariSxali, Camoiqca kedlebi, mimoiyara Zelebi, WurWeli da taZris mravali msaxuri Sors, Rrma xeobaSi gadayara. grigoriusTan erTad myofi wmida petrosi, gaocda. roca mTavrebi gamobrundnen ki masTan man es didi saswauli naxa, Zalian da SiSiT sTxoves wmida sixaruliTa erTad da grigoriuss, am adgilas moenaTla isini. roca daasrules spetaki iovanesa da mowame nawilze 148 aTenogenosis taZris Seneba, akurTxes eklesia, moiyvanes netari da wesisamebr dasves igi mowafeTa taxtze. da monaTla yvela mTavari, romelnic kesariaSi masTan erTad iyvnen da yvela misi msaxuri. mogrovda mravalricxovani xalxi: kacebi, gaixara, qalebi, ymawvilebi Cqarobdnen, rom da monaTla gamxdariyvnen isini. yvelam daculni, _ gansakuTrebiT im saswaulTa Semdeg, rac ixiles. roca mefe Tirdatma gaigo, rom wmida grigoriusi ukve Camovida, kursaxkata149, wamoiyvana mefe Tavisi qarTlisa150, coli asSina, erisTavTa daÁ mTavari151 Tavisi mTavrebi, winamZRolebi, xalxTa mpyrobelebi da gaemarTnen wmida grigoriusis Sesaxvedrad. da miegebnen mas da wmida episkopos petross. miiRo yvela winamZRoli, vinc masTan iyo, yoveli maTgani Tavisi Tanamdebobis Sesabamisad. aiRo werili wmida patriarq leontiusisa da ‫( م‬28a, qvemodan pirveli xazi; vfiqrobT, rom aqac gvaqvs ‫( م‬ )-is damaxinjebuli forma... 149 ‫ق سح ط‬, 150 ‫م ك ج ا‬, 151 ‫ م ك ال‬rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, es sityvebi 148 gagebuli iyo rogorc _ rusTa mefe (mari 1905: 132-133); 213 waikiTxa igi. mefe marTlac rom kargi mcodne iyo romauli enisa. imitom rom aRzrda sasaxleSi patrikios linikiusTan152 erTad [miiRo]. da maSinve dauwyo xalxs ganmarteba werilisa, romelic patriarq leontiusisagan miiRo. da Targmnida mas elinuridan153 romaulad da romaulidan somxurze. yvelas, visac esmoda, xarobda da mxiarulebda. Cqarobdnen gamxdariyvnen Rirsni grigoriusma ubrZana naTlobis wmida xorcis mefes, miRebas, miRebisa. uxvad raTa netarma daesaCuqrebina episkoposi petrosi da gaeSva Tavisi adgilisaken. da saqmiT aRsrulda es. wmida grigoriusma suliwmidis meoxebiT daiwyo maTi ganswavla. marTali rwmeniT. ubrZana, emarxulaT ocdaaTi dRe. aswavlida sarwmunoebas da daTanxmda, rom, roca dReebi gavidoda, moenaTla isini. mTavrebi ise moiqcnen, rogorc ubrZana. aravin iyo maT Soris iseTi, vinc raime amqveyniuri miswrafebiT moqmedebda, aramed xalxs, hqonda. _ yvelas: mTavars Tu ubralos, wmida aeSenebina. igi grigors undoda ganmartovda erTi kanoni baRavanusSi locvis, eklesia tirilisa da vedrebisaTvis, raTa SeenaxaT rwmena, romelic miiRes; aseve [iloca maszed, rom SeenaxaT rwmena im] mRvdlebs, romelnic masTan erTad iyvnen da im berebs, romelnic undoda, rom eklesiebSi mRvdlebad gaexada. da Seudga ‫( ل ي ي‬n.Mmari beWdavs Sesworebuli formiT _ ‫_ ل ي ي‬ likiniusi), 153 ‫من ااني‬, es sityva SeiZleba gagebul iqnas, agreTve, rogorc _ `alanuridan~; 152 214 eklesiaTa kurTxevas da adgenda maTSi mRvdlebs, vinc wmida wignebi icoda. zogi gagzavna qarTlSi154, zogi _ afxazTa qveyanaSi155, zogi _ alanebTan156. roca Sesrulda ocdaaTi dRe da mrevli Seikriba masTan, wamoiyvana gaemarTa mTeli mdinare xalxi evfratisaken, da _ maTTan samefo erTad qalaqis maxloblad, romelsac baRavani hqvia. maTi ricxvi iyo samas samocdaaTi aTasi, mefe Tirdati, mefe afxazTa157, mefe qarTlisa158, mefe alanebisa159, mravali winamZRoli, xalxTa da tomTa mTavrebi, yvela vinc mis xelTa qveS iyo, mravali mdinareze msaxuri, aRmarTes kacebi, safarebi, qalebi, raTa ymawvilebi. mefeTa colebi Casuliyvnen mosanaTlavad. Teqvsmeti arxonti da maTi colebi, romelnic moinaTlnen, naTlobidan, am wmida dros kacebi grigoriusis Rebulobdnen kacebs xelTagan monaTlulebs emsaxurebodnen da qalebi qalebs. da ubrZana, gaexadaT tanisamosi, pirvelad mefe Tirdats. da idga wmida grigoriusi da sami mefe masTan erTad da winamZRolebi, da aRbeWda isini mironiTa da jvriT, _ aiRo mironi da zeTi da Caasxa im mdinareSi da [yovelive] aRsrulda jvris [gamosaxviT]. da Sewyvita am da dros moxda damSvidda, saswauli. talRebi ‫ج ج‬, ‫با ابح‬, 156 ‫اانين‬, 157 ‫م ك ابح‬, 158 ‫م ك ج ج‬, 159 ‫م ك اا‬, 154 155 215 mdinarem dineba dawynardnen. [wmida grigoriusma] xeli Tavebze daado da Tavisi wmida marjveniT samjeradi CaRrmavebiT CaaRrmava isini wyalSi da monaTla saxeliTa mamisa da Zisa aseve moeqcnen mRvdlebi sxva da wmidisa sulisa. xalxs, aseve mefeTa colebs; da mdinaris SuaSi gamoCnda cecxlis sveti da am svetebze gabrwyinda jvari. mTelma xalxma dainaxa es wylis Tavze [damdgari] sveti cecxlisa da masze brwyinavi jvari, gaocdnen da gancvifrdnen da Zalian ganumtkicdaT rwmena qristesi. roca wylidan gaxarebulni amovidnen, wamovidnen. gamxiarulebulni erTmaneTs uambobdnen da im saswaulTa Sesaxeb, rac wyalSi ixiles. wmidans mohyavda isini mTel mrevlTan erTad, locviT, sanTlebiTa da sakmevlis kmeviT, sanam ar movidnen eklesiaSi, romelic baRavanusSi aaSenes, aRavlines Seudgnen msaxurebas. da aziara160 saRamos locva da mefe, mTavrebi da mTeli xalxi da gauSva TavTavianT adgilebSi. [da wavidnen] gamxiarulebulni, gaxarebulni, radganac Tavi daaRwies bneli sicruis gzas da daadgnen sicocxlis naTeliT savse gzas. mefe Tirdati da masTan erTad wmida grigoriusi wavidnen, raTa sarwmunoebaze kerpTa moeqciaT. msaxurebi mosulni iyvnen qristeanul eladis 161 qveynidan, raTa emsaxuraT kerpTa taZrebisaTvis. isini 160 ‫ق‬, ‫اا ي‬ ‫ _ ب‬sityva swori gaxmovanebiT waikiTxa prof. Jerar garitma (gariti 1946: 212), mas amis saSualeba `wmida grigoris cxovrebis~ berZnulma teqstma misca; 161 216 bejiTni iyvnen sjulSi da [roca] wmida grigoriusma Seaswavla sarwmunoeba, maT sxva xalxebze ufro metad iswrafes qristeanuli mowamem, keTilma sarwmunoebisaken, mwyemsma, Rirsma grigoriusma, mamam, pirvelad [swored] maT aswavla wmida wignebi, vinc [kerpTa] taZrebs msaxurebdnen. da wmida grigoriusma, romelic mTeli somxeTis kaTolikosi gaxda, moamzada episkoposebi da agzavnida maT somxeTis mraval miwaze, da qarTlSi162, durZukeTis qveyanaSi163, alanebTan164; moiyvana erTi qarTveli kaci, vinc masTan erTad sebastiidan Camovida, saxelad ibirbzxua165, gaxada166 mitropolitad da gagzavna, raTa mas mTel qarTlSi167 daedgina episkoposebi; igi iyo kargi qcevis, keTili, saeklesio wignTa mcodne, iyo diakoni, momswre im drois, roca amoiRes ormoci mowamis nawilebi; iyo Semkobili WaRariT; amitomac moaqcia am xarisxze. da afxazTa qveyanaSi gagzavna sofroni168, is iyo 162 mRvdeli kabadokiidan, igi iyo mxlebeli wmida ‫ج ج‬, ‫قي‬ ‫ _ ب‬rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, es sityvebi SeiZleba agreTve iTargmnos rogorc _ `durZukTebis qveyana~; zemoT iTqva, rom J. garitis swori SeniSvniT, winare teqstSi lazTa qveyanaze unda yofiliyo saubari; 163 164 165 ‫اانين‬, ‫’( ابي ب ح ا‬b īrbzḥw ’), , akad. n. mari axmovanebs rogorc _ И - - (mari 1905: 137); am pirovnebis saxeli, rogorc aRvniSneT, aris _ irenarxe; 166 ‫ _ صي‬о р щ ть, превр щ ть во что-л. (baranovi 1977: 452); 167 168 ‫كه‬ ‫ع ي ج ج‬, ‫سف‬, 217 grigoriusisa, gaxada169 episkoposad da gagzavna; alanTa qveyanaSi gagzavna Toma170, kaci rCeuli, igi patara qalaq satalidan171 iyo. eseni arian, vinc masTan erTad Camovidnen, iyvnen wmida wignTa mcodneni. rogorc pirvelad gaakeTa, ase gagzavna gilanTa qveyanaSi172, sofeniaSi, afxazebTan173, astianebTan175, sofeniaSi174, did siunusebTan176, patara moqsoenaSi177, mardapetakanSi178; aseve yvela [im] adgilas, sadac mTavari keTilad iyo ganwyobili; da igi episkoposebs mTavrebTan erTad agzavnida qveynebSi. es mTavrebi, winamZRolebi maTze dadgenil xelisufalni, episkoposebTan da mRvdlebTan erTad didi sixaruliT midiodnen TavianT qveynebSi, raTa eklesiebi aRemarTaT mowameTa saxelze. Cqarobda, rom somxeTis sxva qalaqebSic gaegzavna episkoposebi. man albiani179 gagzavna qalaq baRrevandsa da evfratis mosazRvre yvela [im] mcxovrebTan, romelnic adre kerpebs emsaxurebodnen. Tavisi swavlebiT man yvelani Semoaqcia RmerTis Secnobisaken, radgan Rirsi 169 ‫;صي‬ ‫ث م‬, ‫ص طا‬, 172 ‫ب الحي ين‬, 173 ‫ابح‬, 174 ‫ف نيس‬ ‫ال ي‬, 175 ‫الي ااستي نيس‬, 176 ‫الي س ني‬, 177 ‫م س‬, 178 ‫م ظ ط ق‬, 179 ‫ال ن‬, 170 171 218 iyo mociqulTa180 taxtze jdomisa; evtalioni181 basianTa qalaqSi182 gagzavna episkoposad episkoposad, mose185 gagzavna, derZanebis187 episkoposad gagzavna, gagzavna episkoposad, episkoposad, da evseviosi188 _ _ kuanitebis qveyanaSi189 xabibi [igi] bikulTa184 qveynisa186 ibaklirTa daranalusis qveyanaSi; iovane gagzavna basi 183 qveyanaSi 190 susbarTa wavida qveynis mTavarTan erTad, romelsac sparapeti hqvia; albiani episkoposad gagzavna sparapetelTa191 romelnic TavianT da mTavarTan mamikonianTa erTad, qveyanaSi, patriks192 rom eZaxian, mefis gansakuTrebuli pirni _ sparapetebi iyvnen; netarma grigoriusma ubrZana episkoposs albians, uTxra mas: `ar mocilde patrikioss da aRavse qveyana qadagebiT~. ase imitom sxvadasxva [moiqca], romauli rom da episkoposi aRzrdili sarwmunoebrivi sibrZniT iyo da SeeZlo wmida wignTa ganmarteba. mis xelTa qveS iyo ‫تامي‬, ‫ا ث لي‬, 182 ‫م ي الس نين‬, 183 ‫ب‬, 184 ‫بي غ‬, 185 ‫م س‬, 186 ‫ب ابي ك ي تين‬, 187 ‫تين‬ ‫ب‬, 188 ‫ا س بي‬, 189 ‫ب ق انيتين‬, 190 ‫س س تين‬, 191 ‫اص اب ت‬, 192 ‫بط يق‬, 180 181 219 Taroni193 da bsuni194; da episkoposad gaxada artisi195 da TavianT winamZRol genaraTTan196 erTad malxazTa197 qveyanaSi gagzavna; da arsuki198 [aseve] gaxada episkoposad da gagzavna siragTa199 qalaqSi; antioqec200 episkoposad gaxada da gagzavna kardalaTis qveyanaSi201; Tirikoni202 aseve episkoposad gaxada da gagzavna qveyana artapatakanSi203; aseve kiriakosic204 gaxada episkoposad da gagzavna arsamoniusSi 205; gagzavna sxvadasxva qveyanaSi aseve da mravali episkoposi xalxebTan, agreTve gagzavna moZRvrebic206, _ WeSmariti sityvis swavlebis SemZlebelni; rac Seexeba wmida grigoriuss, man aaSena oTxi saepiskoposo araratSi, valarsapatSi, artasatsa da dvinusSi207 da isini Tavis taxtis qveS moaqcia; da im qveynebs, romlebic CamovTvaleT, igi mzrunvelobda208, igi ‫ط‬, ‫بس‬, 195 ‫ا طي‬, 196 ‫ج ن ا ثي‬, 197 ‫ب م ح‬, 198 ‫ا ص ق‬, 199 ‫س ا‬, 200 ‫انيي خن‬, 201 ‫ب ق لت‬, 202 ‫ت ي ي‬, 203 ‫اط اب ت قن‬, 204 ‫ق ي قس‬, 205 ‫ا ص ني‬, 206 ‫_ اعظ( اعظ‬ , _ baranovi 1977: 899), 207 ‫بي‬ 208 ‫ _ يتع ه‬vulg. klasikuri arabuli enis normebidan gadaxveviT aris naxmari ‫ ع‬zmnis VI Tema; unda iyos V 220 193 194 erTi mzrunvelobda209 xanoba Tirdats. da roca maT yovelive da somxeTis aRsrulda da mefe yvela ganmtkicda qristenul sarwmunoebaSi, qveynisa da aseve qveynebisa da episkoposebisaTvis Tvalyuris yovel dros devnebaSi mTavrad daadgina wmida albiani da ganamtkicebda maT sarwmunoebis swavlebiT, romelzedac moeqcnen. yovelive amis Semdeg wavida da cxovreba daiwyo daranalusis210 qveyanaSi, mRvimeSi, romelsac maniaraTi 211 hqvia, raTa ganesvena amqveyniuri sazrunavTagan da [mTeli] suliT miscemoda marxvas, locvasa da tirils. da zogierT grigoriusze, _ xalxs [ambavi] mouvida wmida igi Zvelad coliani iyo da ori Svili SeeZinao. mefe Tirdatmac Seityo, _ [Turme,] roca is axalgazrda iyo da xelisufals emsaxureboda, coli SeurTavs da SesZenia ori vaJi, _ ufross varTanisi 212 hqviebia, _ maszec [ase] iyo cnobili, _ agreTve coli SeurTavso; xolo pataraobidanve meores beroba erqva hqonia aristaqisi213. gadawyvetili, [mas] miuRia morCileba da evangeles mcnebebi marxviTa da wyurviliT Seunaxavs. misi sazrdo mxolod mxali yofila. [Turme gamoketili iyo erT adgilas, [sadac] cecxls ar anTebda Tema, romlis mniSvnelobebia 1. ... 2. , (за е -че - ,), ... 3. ... (baranovi 5011:546) rogorc aRvniSneT, sityva SeiZleboda gveTargmna, agreTve, rogorc _ `moinaxulebda xolme~; ‫يتع ه‬, ‫ ا ان ا‬, 211 ‫م ني ط‬, 212 ‫( ب ث نس‬vrTanesi), 213 ‫ا سط كيس‬, 209 210 221 da [scmia] mwiris samosi; sul miwaze sZinebia _ ara mcire xans. amis Semdeg misula masTan xalxi, auyvania isini moswavleebad da wmida evangele da mterTan brZola sixaruliT, sulieri sikeTiTa da rwmenis ZaliT uswavlebia. gabrwyinebulan da gandidebulan RmerTisa da xalxis winaSe. roca mefe Tirdatma es Seityo, sami rCeuli kaci gagzavna, [gaatana] maT werili, raTa saswrafod moeyvanaT grigoriusis Svilebi. gagzavnil winamZRolTa saxelebia: pirvelis artavazdi, is somxeTis yvela qalaqSi Tasatisi214, patrikiosTa Tavi iyo; meorisa _ [is iyo] asonis215 Tavi; mesamisa _ daTiasi216, igi mefis veziri iyo. roca qalaq kesarias miaRwies, wamoiyvanes misi ufrosi vaJi. is [ese igi] varTanisi qalaqSi iyo. rac Seexeba wmida aristaqiss, igi marto cxovrobda mTaSi. mefis werili wmida mTavarepiskopos leontiuss gadasces da [man] maTTan erTad gaagzavna wargzavnilebi wmidanis mosaZebnad. roca varTanisi217 moZebnes, hkiTxes Zmebma misi Zmis aristaqisis218 _ Sesaxeb. man miugo: `is ganmartoebuli beria, mTebSi mcxovrebi~. roca im adgilas miaRwies [aristaqisi] ar daTanxmda maTTan Camosvlaze. esaubrebodnen patriarqis gulTbilad, ‫ط ص تيس‬, ‫اص‬, 216 ‫ اتي‬, 217 ‫ب ث تين‬, 218 ‫ا سط كين‬, 214 215 222 wargzavnilebi sTxovdnen bevrs Camosvlas, eubnebodnen: `SenTvis sjobs, rom Camoxvide, raTa aswavlo RmerTis sityva, [es] ukeTesia, vidre am udabnoSi ganmartoebiT jdoma~. maSin daeSva maTTan da gamoaciles Tavis qveyanaSi. roca Camovidnen, warudgines isini, wmida grigoriusis Svilebs vgulisxmob, mefes. mefem wamoiyvana isini da maTTan erTad gaemarTa mTisken, romelsac manuasi219 hqvia. [mefe] wmida grigoriusTan [gaemarTa], igi mRvimeSi cxovrobda. grigoriuss, uTxra: mefe `Sen Tirdatma ar sTxova modixar CemTan, wmida raTa ganswavlo xalxi, imitom, rom martooba Segiyvarda. maSin, rogorc Sens winamZRols, magivrad xeli gvyavdes. daasxi [wmida aristaqiss220, raTa grigoriusi] amaze daTanxmda, iloca misTvis saepiskopo locviT da gadasca maT Tavis sanacvlod, rogorc dawerilia: ,`Seni mamis adgilas iqnebian Senni Zeni~, _ da misi swavleba ufro ukeTesi gamoCnda, vidre swavleba Tavisi mamisa. wmida grigoriusi [mTeli] Tavisi sicocxle [sul] naxulobda xolme Svils, roca igi didi somxeTis qveynis taxtze ijda. dadioda miedevnebina netari maTTvis, qveynebSi, visac raTa Tvalyuri uqadagebda, rom ganemtkicebina rwmenaSi RmerTis kac, _ mefe TirdatTan erTad, raTa gaZlierebuliyvnen qristes rwmenaSi. da maSin, roca es [ambavi] didi romis xalxma da misma mefem konstantinem Seityes, [roca Seityes] yvela is sakvirveleba, rac mefe Tirdats ewia, [da] romelic qristes wmida mowame grigoriusma moimoqmeda, saswrafod 219 220 ‫( م ن ا‬mani), ‫ا س ك‬, 223 gamogzavna masaTan mRvdlebi, raTa misuliyvnen masTan episkoposTa Tavi, wmida grigoriusi da maTTan erTad mefe Tirdati. man sTxova es, [raTa] yofiliyo maT Soris sikeTe, gaego marTali ambavi, raTa miego misTvis misagebeli. da ase miswera mas: `yovlismpyrobeli gamarjvebuli keisar konstantinesagan! avgustusis, didi rwmeniT somxeTis mefe Tirdats! mSvidoba Senda! Cvenamde moaRwia [im ambavma, Tu rogori] sikeTe uyavi Cvens megobrebs, Zmebsa da Cvens xalxs, Zalian gagvaxara aman da im saCuqrebma, romlebic [Sengan] miuRiaT. simdabliTa da sixaruliT gavixsenebT amas yovelTvis. gavige, rom madliT cxebuli qalwulebi, romlebic Cveni dioklitianuss qalaqidan SenTan winaaRmdgom gamoeqcnen, daxoce; mefe Sen maSin usamarTlo iyavi da wmida grigoriusic awame. amis Semdeg Seicvale da adamianuri gadagigvarda, gaxdi grigoriusis daRupva misi buneba msgavsi brZane. da taxis imitom, mis mier bunebaze rom Sen iswavle warmarTuli rwmenisa da fuWi kerpebis Tayvaniscemisagan moqceva. misiT gadarCi da gahyevi WeSmarit RmerTs. wmida mowame Tavisi moTminebis wyalobiT Rirs iqmna [imis], rom Sen igi gamogzavne kesariaSi sulier leontiusTan, masTan, vinc gvacnoba Tavis werilSi yvela Seni saqmis Sesaxeb. Cven SiSTan erTad gavixareT, imitom, rom Zvelad Cvenc Seni msgavsni viyaviT da Cvenc gvewia gansacdeli, vgulisxmob keTrs, me rom mqonda. da maSin xsna wmida 224 naTlobiT wmida episkopos silvestrusisagan221 miviReT, rameTu deda, naTlobiT ganmaaxla. me qristesmoyvare Cemi xelisufali madliT gavgzavne mosili RmerTis wmida qalaqSi, raTa moeZebna Zeli brwyinvale, didebuli jvrisa. amis Semdeg ki mominda TqvenTvis momexeda da sixaruliT mimeReT Sen da wmida grigoriusi. da msurs, rom Sen, Zmao Cemo, swrafad gaakeTo es, raTa saqmiT aRsruldes Cveni survili Seni siyvarulis Sesabamisad. iyos SenTan erTad aTasobiT mTavari, patrikiosi, winamZRoli da yvela is, visac surs Seni morCileba. [dae] swrafad moxdes Seni CvenTan mosvla. me ukve davagzavne [xalxi] yvela olqSi, romlebic ki Semogxvdeba gzaze, [raTa] dagakmayofilon yvela saWiroebiTa da saqmiT. mSvidoba Senda, Cemo sayvarelo Zmao!~ da miiRo mefis werili didi sixaruliTa da pativiT, aseve, misi wargzavnilni. im saaTSive brZana, moemzadebinaT [yvelaferi], rac Tan unda waeRo. da Tavis Semcvlelad datova sparapeti, olqi daecva. da iswrafa mefe raTa somxeTis yvela Tirdatma konstantine mefis warmogzavnilebTan erTad qalaq daranalusSi _ wmida grigoriusTan. gasZaxa mas mRvimeSi da daanaxa konstantine mefis werili [konstantinesagan gamogzavnil] xalxTan erTad. wmidans ar hqonda survili mRvimidan gamosvlisa. mefis wargzavnilebi, romlebic romidan Camovidnen, da mefe Tirdati, exvewebodnen mas da [maSin] daTanxmda maTTan da mefe TirdatTan gamosvlaze. 221 ‫س يط‬, 225 da gaaswores samefo droSebi, gaamzades winamZRolebi da mTavarni, Caberes bukebsa da dahkres dafdafebs. Semokrba laSqari mefesTan erTad gasamgzavreblad. maTi ricxvi iyo aTi aTasi cxenosani. mas ar daunaxavs [saWirod], waeyvana amaze metni, imitom rom iyo mSvidobiT mavali Tavisze did mefesTan, raTa yofiliyo mis xelTa qveS, [amave dros] misi mefuri RirsebisaTvis ar iqneboda kargi, amaTze naklebiT rom wasuliyo. da Seudga laSqari gzas. yvela axlomdebare qveyanaSi egebeboda xalxi, raTa yovelgvari saWiroeba mieca. roca kesarias miaRwies, kmayofilebiT aRivsnen, TiTqosda misulano. TavianTi dauCoqes mgzavrobis sixaruliTa TavianT wmida leontiuss mizezi, magram es da saxlSi da acnobes misTvisac ar yofila ucnobi. kesariaSi misi yvelanairi Txovnis Semdeg sam dRes darCnen. konstantinesTan, italiis _ qalaqs, amis Semdeg romis gaemarTnen mefesTan. gamovidnen maT roca keisar miaRwies Sesaxvedrad romis patrikebi da winamZRolebi da didi sixaruliT Seiyvanes did qalaq romSi. konstantine mefe maT qalaqgareT Seegeba, miiRo, mSvidoba usurva wmida grigoriussa da mefe Tirdats da ubrZana, damsxdariyvnen samefo etlSi. upirvelesad Camoxdnen wmida mociqul petres222 eklesiaSi, raTa iq elocaT. romis Tavi patrikiosi223 iyo, ‫بط‬, _ mociqulis saxeli berZnuli `os~ sufiqsiani formiT aris gadmocemuli, _ petrosi, 222 223 ‫بط ي‬, 226 romelsac evseviosi224 erqva. sasaxleSi da is Tirdatma miarTves izeimes amis dRe. saCuqrebi, Semdeg gaemarTnen grigoriusma rac ki da Tan mefe hqondaT: mravali cxeni, Zvirfaseuloba, patiosani qvebi da sxva amgvari; Zvirfasi abreSumi, ara mxolod mefes, aramed patrikiosebs, winamZRolebs da mraval mTavars, yvelasaTvis Sesabamisad. bolos mefe konstantinem sTxova mefe Tirdats, moeTxro yovelive, rac daemarTaT. da mefe Tirdatma daiwyo Txroba romaul enaze. daiwyo patrikiosidan225, romelsac likiniusi226 rqva [da] romelic aRzrdida mas romSi, [Tu] rogor wamoiyvana mefem romidan da gamoiyvana sparselebTan omSi Sesaxvedrad, [rogor] daamarcxa misi daxmarebiT mefem sparselebi, [rogor] gaemarTa romidan da gamefda somxeTis qveyanaSi, [Tu rogor] swiravda msxvreplT cru RmerTebs ar da monawileobis [Tu] ramdenjer miReba biwier isurva grigoriusma msxverplTa [SewirvaSi] rogor aitana mware tkivilebi qristeanebis saxeliT, `da rogor vubrZane misi [mokvla] sastiki sikvdiliT [im] ormoSi, romelSic maT yridnen, visac sikvdils miusjidnen, jer fskeramde davardnilni arc iyvnen, rom gaSeSdebodnen xolme iq myofi gvelebis gamonasunTqisagan, erT saaTsac ki veravin ver rCeboda cocxali. am grogoriusma, Sen rom uyureb, TxuTmeti weli gaatara im ormoSi da daifara igi iq qristem, raTa ‫ا س ي‬, ‫بط يق‬, 226 ‫لي ي ي‬, 224 225 227 misi saxeliT Cven gadavrCeniliyavi, da aseve romelTac erqvaT qalwulni maTTan rifsime, gaiane, erTad mravalni gamoeqcnen qalebi, monazoni romis keisar diokletianuss da Cems ucodinrad Semovidnen somxeTis qveyanaSi. keisarma dioklitianusma gamomigzavna [werili, sadac] maTi ambavi gamagebina. wamoviyvaneT isini. magram ver SevZeliT maT SexedulebaTa ukugdeba da davxoceT. amis Semdeg gadavedi eSmakebiT adamianuri dagvtanjes. bunebidan da rac me Rors Semexeba, davemsgavse velurs, vimwyemsebodi lerwmebSi, gaviqeci Cemi samefodan, Cemi megobrebi ki tansacmels iglejdnen da TviTon iWamdnen xorcs. da ufalma RmerTma WeSmaritebisam, roca SevicaniT igi, ar gagvwira samudamod, aramed gvixsna Tavis xelTa qmnilni. Cems das ZilSi gamoecxada cecxlis msgavsi angelosi da uTxra: `ar geqnebaT mosveneba, arc mefes, arc mis mraval megobars, Tu wminda grigoriuss ar amoiyvanT ormodano~. winamZRolebma ar miiRes misi sityva da es Cveneba kidev bevrjer gamoecxada. amis Semdeg wavidnen, amoiyvanes igi ormodan da wamoiyvanes qveyanaSi. misi marxvis, locvisa da tirilis meoxebiT, Segviwyala ufalma samebam da gzasacdenilobidan RmerTis Secnobisaken mogvaqcia. da [maSin] davangrieT kerpTa taZrebi da mravali saswauli gamogvecxada maSin wmida grigoriusis saxeliT. roca taZrebs vangrevdiT eSmakebi gamogvecxadebodnen gvimarTavdnen. da es wmidani xolme maT da brZolas uZlurebas jvris gamosaxviT amarcxebda. da mas vinc mogvaqcia RmerTis cnobisaken, vTxoveT, gamxdariyo Cvens mwyemsad. magram ar 228 surda es. maSin me _ uRirss gamomecxada cecxlis angelosi da miTxra: `nu ganudgebi im ganzraxvas, rac Caifiqre~; aseve masac gamoecxada da uTxra: `nu ewinaaRmdegebi Tirdats!~ da es [ yovelive] ise aRsrulda rogorc gvindoda~ _ da didi mefe konstantine mraval mTavarTan erTad Zalian gaocda. da didma mefem konstantinem daiwyo Txroba, Tu ra gardaxda Tavs TviTon, uambo im Cvenebaze, romelic zecaze gamoCnda, roca daamarcxa mteri. da sixaruliT miiRo wmida grigoriusi da Tirdati, ramdenime dRe gaatares masTan. [konstantinem] didZali saCuqari: da uboZa mas Zalian bevri WurWeli oqrosi eklesiebisaTvis; mefe Tirdats uboZa ZowiTa da oqroTi Semkuli samosi, aseve mTavrebs miarTva vercxlis WurWeli da wiTeli samosi, daado maT xaraja da gauSva winaaRmdeg Tavisi survilisa, [xalxi] rameTu gagzavna Tavisi qveynebSi, pirvelad, [axlac] moemzadebinaT Seuyvarda; raTa, da rogorc maTTvis [yovelgvari] saWiroebani. roca gadalaxes didi zRva, Cavidnen pontos qveyanaSi [da] Sevidnen somxeTis olqebSi. yvela eklesiaSi dResaswaulobdnen. moexsenebinaT qristes brZana, mefe moyvare RvTismsaxurebis konstantine elene, rom da [rom] aseve saidumlos227 yvela misi olqSi mSibeli, moexsenebinaT [aRsrulebisas] _ igi yvela qalaqSi, sadac dResaswauls gamarTavdnen. roca miaRwies 227 ‫س ال ا‬, 229 qalaq valarsapats, eklesiebze gaanawiles is, rac romidan Camoitanes. mefe Tirdati ki ara cxreboda da ikvlevda wmida wignebs da swavlobda grigoriusisagan 228. wmida loculobda xolme, rom WeSmaritebis gziT evlo. man did qalaqSi xuTi suli gagzavna. patara qalaqebSi ki _ sami, raTa yuradReba Tvalyuri mieqciaT edevnebinaT eklesiebsa mTavrebisaTvis, da mis msaxurTa saWiroebisaTvis. Dda, roca wmida grigoriusma Seityo, rom mefe Tirdati didi somxeTis eklesiaTa saqmeebs yuradRebas uTmobs, darwmunda rom [isini] ukve ganmtkicdnen qristeanul sarwmunoebaSi, wavida mRvimeSi da mSvidad daeyuda iq. da mefe konstantine keisrisagan werilebi wamovida yvela episkoposTan, raTa Semokrebuliyvnen isini qalaq nikeaSi. wmida grigoriusma Tirdat mefesTan erTad gagzavna episkoposebi, maT Soris netari aristaqisi229, Ze wmida grigoriusisa. gaemarTen qalaq nikeaSi, sadac didi sinodi iyo [Sekrebili] mraval episkoposTan erTad, iq gamarTes da daweres erTiani eklesiis kanonebi ZaliTa RmrTisa, romlisa konstantinec simaRle gamocxadda, ver aRiwereba. Seiqmna [iq] mefe maRiareblad sarwmunoebisa, wmidaTa krebulisagan miiRo gvirgvini da datova qveynad madliani kvali. da mieca xalxs zecis sameufo. 228 229 ‫ال يس‬ ‫مع تع يم غ يغ ي‬, ‫ا سط كين‬ 230 netari aristaqisi dabrunda brwyinvale saeklesio kanonebiTa da gamarTuli sarwmunoebiT, romelic didi krebisagan miiRo. da roca somxeTs miaRwia, miutana isini mefes da wmida grigoriuss da gaacno maT. RmerTis eklesias abrwyinebdnen kanonebiT. da gaabrwyina isini. [dakavebulni] wmida igi mTeli da anaTlebdnen grigoriusma da mefe Tavisi gamarTuli mTel erTi somxeTSi saqmiT sicocxlis iyvnen manZilze brwyinavda igi marxviT, locvebiT sTxovda [RmerTs], rom keTili xseneba darCeniliyo masze. pirveli dReebidan Tavisi sicocxlis marxulobda xolme, bolomde sanam ar ormoc-ormoc aRasrula dRes qristem am qveynidan da ganisvena [netarma grigoriusma]. me simarTle davwere, zogs TviTon viyav momswre da Tanmxlebi, zogi sarwmuno xalxisagan Sevitye, raTa miiRoT misi sikeTeni da akeToT [saqmeni] msgavsi mis didebul saqmeTa, raTa gaxdeT memkvidreni qristes nebiT mcxovrebTaTvis sasixarulo qveynisa, dideba mas da mamas missa da sulsa wmidas ukuniTi ukunisamde, amin. 231 l i t e r a t u r a abulaZe 1960: abulaZe ilia, agaTangelosis `rifsimeanTa martvilobis~ Zveli qarTuli Targmani, xelnawerTa institutis moambe, II Tb. 1960. adonci 1905: Ю . aleqsiZe 1984: aleqsiZe , zaza, , 1905. `cxovreba farnavazisa,~GJurn. `mnaTobi,~ Tb., 1984, N#2. alibegaSvili 1994: alibegaSvili giorgi, wminda `ninos cxovrebis~ ramdenime paradigmuli modeli, konferecia `qristianuli civilizacia da saqarTvelo, moxsenebaTa mokle Sinaarsebi, saq, mec, akad., arqeologiuri kvlevis centri, Tb., 1984. atia 1955: Atiya Aziz Suryal, The Arabic Manusetipts of Mount Sinai, Baltimore, 1955. afciauri 1987: afciauri nino, kavkasiaSi qristianobis gavrcelebis wyaroTmcodneobiTi sakiTxebi (grigol ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis ciklebi~), Tb 1987. afciauri К 1989: И , Х К ( . Ж . ), . . . . . 1989. axali varianti 1891: axali varianti wm. ninos cxovrebisa, gamoc. wina-sityvaobiT e. 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Agathangelus, 2. Die Akten Gregors von Armenien, Jottingische Jeslehrte Anzeiger. XXXV, 1887. lebedevi 1905: ., lixaCovi 1963: ., .“ , X, ., 1905. , ”, 9, 1963. lafonteni 1973: Guy Lafontaine, La version grecgue ancienne du livre armОnТО Н ‘AgatСanНО, LouvaТn-la-neuve, 1973. lominaZe 1968: lominaZe b., qristianoba saqarTveloSi, Tb., 1968. lomouri 1968: lomouri nodar, egrisis samefos istoria, Tb., 1968. lorTqifaniZe 1988: lorTqifaniZe mariam., `religiuri moqceva~, _ legenda Tu sinamdvile, gaz. `literaturuli saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1988 #31. ., mari 1905: , . , , 1905. mari 1940: ., ,И ., mari 1891: . X., И. . . , - ., 1940. . , . . . I, 1891. margvelaSvili 1984: leqsikuri_gramatikuli margvelaSvili ganmartebani arabuli qrestomatiisaTvis~, Tb., 1984. 237 giorgi Tina, wereTlis mgalobliSvili 1988: mgalobliSvili Tamila, qristianuli qarTli IV_V ss_Si (ZiriTadi debulebebi), _ macne, enisa da literaturis seria, #1, 1988. megreliZe ., 1953: , meliqseT-begi - . , VIII,1953. 1916: ., . , , . IV, . 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Die Mission und Ausbreitung des Christentums, II, 1924. 240 SemoklebaTa ganmarteba s m a m _ saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis moambe RA _ Revue Armenica ZDMG _ Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen gesellschaft _ . .– . . .– – 241