1 goCa kuWuxiZe Teimuraz bagrationis erTi cnoba da qarTuli anbanis warmoSobis sakiTxi qarTuli anbanis warmoSobis Sesaxeb arsebobs cnoba, romelic 1822 wels peterburgSi yofnisas Teimuraz bagrations anton II kaTolikosis wignSi _ `matiane SemecnebaTa~ unaxavs. am cnobis Sesaxeb Cven visaubreT werilSi _ `xeliT werili~ anbani,1 amjerad vecdebiT mokled gadmovceT xsenebul werilSi warmodgenili debulebebi da davukavSiroT isini prof. levan WilaSvilis mier nekresSi aRmoCenil gvianantikuri xanis (I-III s.s.) stelas, romelzec qarTuli anbania Semonaxuli2. Teimuraz bagrationTan Semdegi cnobaa daculi: `ara uwignoni iyvnen qarTvelni uwinaresTa JamTaca Sina, vidre farnavazamde swerdnen igini uxucesTa werilTa. ese igi qurumTa maT, romelTaca uxucesTa da xevis-berTa uxmoben, igini iyvnen kerpTa mRudelni da memsxverpleni erisani RmerTTa mimarT. farnavazman werilTa maTTagan ganhyo mxedrobisaTvis Tvisisa mxolod xeliT werili ganyofili asoni da ara sxviT raiTame. magram werilni xucesni pirvelsa Jamsa ars werilisagan ebraulisa da qaldeurisa da msgavsca arian asoTa maTTa Cuenni xucurni~.3 es cnoba, ramaz patariZis aRniSvniT, mari broses Semdeg miviwyebuli iyo, sanam mas yuradReba ar miaqcia guram SaraZem4. upirvelesad yuradRebas iqcevs is garemoeba, rom Cvens winaSea cnoba, romelic Teimurazma, SesaZloa, zustad iseTi saxiT ar gadmoiwera, rogoriTac ewera wignSi _ `matiane SemecnebaTa~, TviTon im wignSic saxeSecvlilad iqneboda bevri ram SemorCenili. magram moyvanil citataSi mainc moCans Zalze saintereso Sinaarsi im uZvelesi cnobisa. 2 Teimuraz bagrationTan SemorCenili sityvebidan, Cveni azriT, Semdegi azri gamomdinareobs: _ qarTvelni farnavazamdec ar yofilan uwignoni, maT hqondaT damwerloba, romelsac qurumebi xmarobdnen, es aris Cveni xucuri damwerloba. farnavazma maTi damwerlobebidan Tavisi mxedrobisaTvis (saero adamianebisaTvis) gamosayeneblad aiRo, romelic anbanisagan sxva gamohyo (`ganhyo~) imiT iyo is asoebi, gansxvavebuli, is anbani, imiT iyo gamoyofili, rom xeliT iwereboda da ara raime sxviT. magram es qurumTa anbani qaldeuri anbanisagan aris warmoSobili da Cveni xucuri anbani hgavs kidec mas. e. i. am citatis mixedviT, uZveles mwerlobaSi ori saxis anbani gamoiyofoda, _ erTi yofila `xeliT werili~, xolo meore _ `sxviT raiTame~ dawerili. ras niSnavs `xeliT dawerili~ anbani da riTi gansxvavdeba igi `sxviT raiTame~ dawerili niSnebisagan? Cveni azriT, teqstSi `xeliT nawer~ anbanTan aSkarad dapirispirebulia romeliRac sxva, _ `sxviT raiTame~ dawerili anbani. cxadia, aq beWdvis stambur wesze ar aris saubari, magram is ki safiqrebelia, stelaze `beWdvis~, stelaze an raime sxva saganze warweraTa amotvifrvis Sesaxeb iyos laparaki. qarTlSi, cxadia, icnobdnen pergamentze xeliT Cveulebrivi weris wess da amgvar nawers, Cans, _ `xeliT werili~ uwodes, xolo stelaze, qvaze saWreTliTa Tu sxva iaraRebiT amoqandakebuli, saerTod, nivTze amotvifruli asoebisaTvis, safiqrebelia, rom, _ `sxviT raiTame~ dawerili uwodebiaT. Teimuraz bagrationTan SemorCenilia kvali romeliRac Zveli cnobisa, qarTlis romelic warmarTul romelTagan cnobili, mkiTxvels is, mefes taZrebSi romelic saero amcnobda, rom iyenebdnen qarTuli miznebisaTvis farnazavis or `xucuris~ gamouyenebia dros damwerlobas, saxeliT da aris taZridan gamoutania. mas saero xmarebisaTvis ar dasWirvebia taZridan im meore anbanis gamotana, romelic `sxviT raiTame~ iwereboda, anu, 3 rogorc Cans, ara mxolod pergamentze sawerad, aramed, aseve, stelaze an raime sxva nivTze amosakveTad iyo gankuTvnili... mas qarTvelebi saero cxovrebaSi, SesaZloa, farnavazamde ukve iyenebdnen... yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg, roca gavixsenebT, rom mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi warmarTobisdroindeli qarTlis stelebsa Tu sxva nivTebze amotvifrul mxolod warwerebs arameul, ebraul poulobdnen, da xolo berZnul qarTuls enebze _ vera, TavisTavad ibadeba varaudi, _ xom ar gamomdinareobs teqstidan is azri, rom qarTuli anbani iyo iseTi, romelic ZiriTadad mxolod pergamentze sawerad, mxolod `samwignobrod~ gamoiyeneboda, stelaze an sxva nivTze ki arameuls, ebrauls, berZnuls Tu sxva anbans iyenebdnen? warmarTuli ar aris kultmsaxureba gamoricxuli, erTmaneTSi rom ganarCevda, qarTvelTa erTi mxriv, mxolod pergamentze, xolo meore mxriv, ara mxolod pergamentze, aramed, aseve, stelaze Tu sxva nivTze sawer anbanebs, rom es kultmsaxureba stelaze da sxva nivTze amosatvifravad qarTuli anbanis gamoyenebis uflebas ar iZleoda (amotvifruli, amoqandakebuli anbaniT adamianis saxelis `saukuno~ Senaxva xdeba, es aris `saukunod~ Senaxuli sityvebi da ar aris gamoricxuli, warmarTul kultmsaxurebas sityvaTa `dabeWdvisaTvis~ yvela anbanis gamoyeneba rom ar daeSva. stelaze amotvifruli warwera `imqveyniuri sagzalia~, miCneulia, rom suli sulieri samyarodan am anbanis saSualebiT mimarTavs amqveyniurT, anbanSi yoveli asos saxeli da misi grafikuli moxazuloba simbolurad romelime sulieri wiaRis an RvTaebis ganmasaxierebelia, amitom ar aris gasakviri, rom stelaze, romlis garSemo locva aRevlineboda da rasac, cxadia, sakulto daniSnuleba hqonda, yvela anbanze ar yofiliyo nebadarTuli asoebis amotvifrva. marTalia, mizezebi sruliad sxva aris, magram gavixsenoT, rom qristes jvarze warwera _ `iudevelTa mefe~ mxolod gansazRvrul enebze da gansazRvruli anbaniT SeiZleba gakeTdes...). 4 da, Tu Teimuraz bagrationTan amgvar movlenaze mimaniSnebeli kvalia SemorCenili, arqeologiaSi maSin Zneldeba gasakviri ar qarTulenovani unda iyos, stelebis rom aRmoCena (warmarTobisdroindeli pergamentis aRmoCena ki, cxadia, gacilebiT ufro Znelia. ara Tu warmarTobisdroindeli, aramed, qristeanobis adreuli periodis teqstTagan xelnawerebic Semogvenaxa mxolod ki is, aRar rasac SemogvrCa. Semdeg Zvel gadawerdnen xolme adreul pergamentTagan. cxadia, momdevno periodebSi iseTs aRarafers gadaiwerdnen, rac eklesiis araerTi moRvawisaTvis, sakulto daniSnulebis albaT, miuRebeli iyo). stelebze da calkeul, ZiriTadad, sagnebze sityvebs, SesaZloa, ara, an iSviaTad, magram calkeul qarTul asoebs ki tvifravdnen. mkiTxvelTagan, albaT, bevri mixvda, rom Cven pavle ingoroyvas is naSromi gvaqvs mxedvelobaSi, romelSic mkvlevari gvianantikuri xanis fialaze qarTul asoebs `b~-s, `p~-s da `q~-s kiTxulobda.5 am fialaze berZnulad bercum pitiaxSis saxeli weria, xolo iqve aSkarad ikiTxeba qarTuli asoebi: `b~, `p~ da `q~, rasac pavle ingoroyva berZnul teqstSi moxseniebuli bercum pitiaxSis inicialebad miiCnevda (bercum pitiaxSi qarZamis Ze). 1940 wels aRmoCenil stelaze Sesrulebul arameul warweraze ki weria saxeli `zevax~. am stelaze pavle ingoroyva kiTxulobda qarTul asoebs `W~-s da `s~-s, rac, misi azriT, warmoadgens qaragmas saxelisa Wevaxos (igive _ `zevax~, _ es aris adrindeli forma saxelisa `javax~, `javaxos~6. pavle ingoroyvas am wakiTxvas xSirad eWvis TvaliT uyureben, rac, vfiqrobT, savsebiT arcTu marTebulad gamarTlebulia. aRniSnavs, rom prof. pavle revaz TvaraZe ingoroyvas bevri debuleba, romelic saeWvod iyo miCneuli, Semdeg gamarTlda7). maSasadame, rogorc ganxiluli teqsti gvafiqrebinebs, warmarTul xanaSi farnavazamde ukve arsebobda qarTuli anbani da 5 mas, ZiriTadad, mxolod pergamentze sawerad iyenebdnen, xolo stelaze da nivTebze am anbaniT an mxolod daqaragmebulad, an Zalze iSviaTad werdnen qarTul sityvebs. prof. levan WilaSvilis mier aRmoCenil, I-III ss-iT daTariRebul stelebze Sesrulebuli warwerebi, vfiqrobT, swored am iSviaT gamonakliss warmoadgens (gvianantikur xanaSi armazuli religia ukve Zalian aris saxeSecvlili da SesaZloa, maSin Seiqmna stelebze qarTuli anbanis amokveTis meti saSualeba8). 1999 wels aRmoCenili fila, romelic, levan WilaSvilis TqmiT, azatis saflavis qvas warmoadgens, napovnia ara Tavis adgilas, aramed, saurme gzaze, gamoCenilia wylis dinebis Sedegad. Tuki warmarTul warwerebis gasakviri epoqaSi Sesruleba ar unda stelebze siZneleebTan iyos, rom iyo qarTuli anbaniT dakavSirebuli, samarovnebze Zneldeba maSin qarTul- warweriani filebis mravalricxovnad aRmoCena. Tu miviCnevT, ZiriTadad, rom pergamentze warmarTul sawerad xanaSi qarTuli gamoiyeneboda, maSin anbani, gasakviri aRaraferi unda iyos da qarTul mwerlobaSi SeiZleba veZioT kvali im warmarTuli Zeglebisa, romlebsac Semdgomi periodis moRvaweebi zogjer, Cans, mainc iwerdnen. aseT SemTxvevaSi sruliad dasajerebeli xdeba, rom mag. `farnavaziani~ marTlac qristeanobamdel xanaSia dawerili (revaz baramiZe); sruliad sarwmuno xdeba, agreTve, rom `wm. ninos cxovrebac~ me-4 s-is Zeglia (revaz siraZe, marina CxartiSvili...). amrigad, Teimuraz bagrationTan SemorCenil teqstSi, Cveni azriT, Semonaxulia kvali romeliRac Zveli gadmocemisa, romlis Tanaxmad, qarTul warmarTul taZarSi ori anbani gamoiyeneboda, _ erTi is, rasac qarTuli `xucuri~ ewodeba, pergamentze sawerad iyo gankuTvnili, meores ki, araqarTuls, pergamentis garda, stelebze da sxva sagnebze amosatvifravad saubari Teimuraziseul teqstSi. xmarobdnen. vfiqrobT, amazea 6 magram, rogorc pavle ingoroyvas naSromi, aseve, levan WilaSvilis aRmoCena, cxadyofs, warmarTul epoqaSi gamonaklisi araerT SemTxvevaSi zogjer romelime xdeboda azatis _ zogjer saflavze, daqaragmebulad, qarTul sityvebs xolo mainc tvifravdnen. damowmebuli literatura: 1. ix. Jurn. burji erovnebisa, 2000, #12. 2. levan WilaSvili, winaqristianuli xanis qarTuli warwera nekresidan, kreb. qarTvelologia, VII, 2000. 3. ramaz patariZe, qarTuli asomTavruli, Tb., 1980, gv. 17. 4. guram SaraZe, Teimuraz bagrationi, cxovreba, Tb., 1972, gv. 122-127. 5. pavle ingoroyva, Txzulebani, IV, 1978, gv. 487-494. 6. pavle ingoroyva, dasax. naSr., gv. 494-501. 7. revaz TvaraZe, eriskacis sadidebeli, _ wignSi `gadasaxedi~, Tb., 1997, gv. 223-228. 8. am sakiTxebis Sesaxeb ix. Cveni werili `qarTveli armazianebi qristeanuli epoqis zRurblze~, Jurn. `religia~, 2000, # 1-2-3. kreb. ,,literaturuli meditaciebis samyaroSi”, SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis qarTuli 2001. literaturis instituti, Tb.