Tengiz liluaSvili valeri xrustali

Giorgi Zhuzhunashvili

One of the open questions in the historiography of the Vatican-Kremlin relations after World War II, is whether bilateral dialogue and reaching an agreement was prevented by the caution and anti-communist priciples of Pope Pius XII, or rather by the aloofness of the Soviet Union. Based on the newly opened Vatican sources, the paper examines the mission of Edward J. Flynn, an American Democrat politician, who in February-March of 1945 attempted to mediate between the two parties. After a brief review of the assessment of the Flynn mission in scolarly literature, the paper first outlines the course of events, then evaluates the goals and perspectives of the actors involved. It concludes that it was the lack of interest shown by Moscow that led tot he failure of the first postwar Vatican-Soviet approaches while the Holy See was open to dialogue. Pius the XII’s eastern policy is therefore to be interpreted not in terms of intrasigence buth rather within the paradigm of the traditional Vatican concordat policy. Nonetheless, by contrast with the later „classic”, „active” Vatikan Ospolitik under Popes John XXIII and Paul VI, Pius XII pursued what might at most be termed a „passive” Ostpolitik.

The problems of forming phonetic skills of the German language which is studied on the basis of the English language have been considered. The aim of this research is to make the comparative analysis of the phonetic aspects of the foreign languages that are taught one after another. There has been the attempt to analyze, generalize and systematize the material on the given topic which is presented in works in German, English, Ukrainian and Russian on the main theoretical questions connected with the process of teaching the second foreign language. It was shown that while forming phonetic skills in German, it is necessary to give the characteristics to the phonetic, rhythmic and intonation peculiarities of both German and English; to point out the difficulties of mastering the pronunciation system of German, to develop the introductory course and the material for phonetic warming-up and to work out the algorithm of introducing a new sound.

Tengiz liluaSvili valeri xrustali saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari miRebulia 1997 wlis 14 noembers. amoqmedda 1999 wlis 15 maisidan. (2007 wlis 1 Tebervlis mdgomareobiT) meore gadamuSavebuli da Sesworebuli gamocema gamomcemloba `samarTali~ Tbilisi 2007 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali komentari moamzades: Tengiz liluaSvilma, valeri xrustalma © Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali © gamomcemloba `samarTali~ ISBN 978-99940-807-3-1 II samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari pirveli gamocemis winaTqma saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi, romelic amoqmedda 1999 wlis 15 maisidan, agebulia dispoziciurobisa da SejibrebiTobis principebis sruli gaTvaliswinebiT da Seicavs iseT normebsac, romlebic adre moqmed samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsTan SedarebiT gansxvavebulad awesrigeben ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebas, samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT wamoWril saproceso urTierTobebs. am axali normebis WeSmariti azrisa da Sinaarsis garkvevaSi daxmarebis aRmoCenis mizniT, jer kidev kodeqsis amoqmedebis sawyis etapze gamoica Tengiz liluaSvilis praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo `samoqalaqo saqmeTa warmoeba sasamarTloSi~, aseve Tengiz liluaSvilis da valeri xrustalis praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo `saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtika udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 310-316-e muxlebis komentari~, romlebic samoqalaqo procesis calkeuli institutebis mixedviT komentars warmoadgens. miuxedavad amisa, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis gamoyenebis praqtikam gviCvena muxlobrivi komentaris SemuSavebisa da gamocemis mizanSewoniloba da aucilebloba. komentarze muSaobis dros erT-erTi yvelaze rTuli problema, romelic avtorebis winaSe idga, esaa im sakiTxebis rac SeiZleba zustad da amomwuravad gansazRvra, romlebic SeiZleba wamoiWras ama Tu im muxlis gamoyenebisas. yvelaze qmediTi daxmareba am problemis daZlevaSi SeeZlo sasamarTlo praqtikas, romlis monacemebs iTvaliswineben avtorebi. amasTan erTad, cxovrebam SeiZleba iseTi sakiTxebic wamoWras, III Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali romelTa gaTvaliswineba yovelTvis araa SesaZlebeli. yoveli SeniSvna, winadadeba Tu rekomendacia, romlebsac mkiTxveli mogvawvdis, dagvexmareba Semdgomi gamocemis momzadebisas da avtorebis mier didi madlierebiT iqneba miRebuli. wigni gaTvaliswinebulia mosamarTleebisaTvis, advokatebisaTvis, iuridiuli umaRlesi saswavleblebis studentebisaTvis, aspirantebisa da pedagogebisaTvis, agreTve, samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebiT dainteresebuli pirebisaTvis. IV samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari meore gamocemis winaTqma am komentaris pirveli gamocemidan arc ise didi droa gasuli, magram samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi Setanili iqna mravali cvlileba da damateba. es cvlilebebi da damatebebi ganpirobebuli iyo ZiriTadad calkeul saproceso moqmedebaTa Sesrulebisa da, mTlianad, samoqalaqo saqmis sasamarTloSi warmoebis gamartivebiT, xarveziT kanonmdeblobaSi, romelic gamovlinda samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis normaTa praqtikulad gamoyenebis procesSi, cvlilebebiT sasamarTlo sistemaSi, kerZod saolqo sasamarTloebis gauqmebiT da raionuli sasamarTloebis gamsxvilebiT, magistrati mosamarTlis Tanamdebobis SemoRebiT. rig SemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi Setanili iqna principuli xasiaTis cvlilebebi, rogoricaa magaliTad sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis sruliad axali wanamZRvrebis sakanonmdeblo wesiT damkvidreba, cvlilebebi kerZo saCivris ganxilvis wesebSi da a.S. cvlilebebi Seexo aramarto calkeul muxlebs da am muxlebiT damkvidrebul debulebebs. kodeqsSi Sevida axali Tavebi, rogoricaa „Tavi XLI1, dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena” da Tavi XLIV1. „warmoeba reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT”. samwuxarod unda aRiniSnos isic, rom zogierTi cvlileba da damateba ar iyo yovelmxriv da srulyofilad gaazrebuli proeqtis avtorebis mier, razec naTlad metyvelebs kanonmdeblis dausrulebeli zrunva kvlav Seitanos cvlileba da V Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali damateba iseT muxlebSi, romlebmac sul exlaxan ganicades aseTi cvlileba. am komentaris avtorebs miaCniaT, rom SeiZleba arc es komentari aRmoCndes mTlad unaklo da uxarvezo, magram darwmunebuli varT, igi garkveul daxmarebas aRmouCens sasamarTlos da sxva praqtikul dawesebulebaTa muSakebs samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis calkeuli normebisa da debulebebis azrisa da Sinaarsis sworad gagebaSi. gamovTqvamT imeds, rom mkiTxveli mogvawvdis Tavis SeniSvnebsa da winadadebebs, rac did daxmarebas gagviwevs Semdgomi gamocemis momzadebisas da madlierebiT iqneba miRebuli avtorebis mier. VI samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Sinaarsi pirveli gamocemis winaTqma ............................................... IV meore gamocemis winaTqma .................................................... VI Sinaarsi ............................................................................ VIII-XXIX wigni pirveli zogadi debulebani .................................................... 1 kari pirveli sasamarTlo ....................................................................... 1 T a v i I samarTalwarmoebis ZiriTadi debulebani ........1 muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. gamoyenebis sfero ................................................................. 1 uflebis sasamarTlo wesiT dacva ................................. 3 dispoziciurobis principi .............................................. 3 SejibrebiTobis principi .................................................. 7 marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba mxolod sasamarTlos mier moqalaqeTa Tanasworobis sawyisebze ................................................................................9 6. mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba da maTi kanonisadmi damorCileba ................................................. 10 7. kanonisa da samarTlis analogia ................................. 13 8. gadawyvetilebis gamotana saqarTvelos saxeliT 16 9. samoqalaqo procesis saqveynooba da samarTalwarmoebis ena ...................................................... 16 10. sasamrTlo gadawyvetilebaTa savaldebulooba 20 T a v i II uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba ........................................ 22 muxli 11. samoqalaqo saqmeebis uwyebrivi daqvemdebareba sasamarTloebisadmi ......................................................... 22 muxli 12. davis gadacema gansaxilvelad arbitraJisaTvis 24 T a v i III gansjadoba ..................................................................... 27 VII Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 13. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gansjadi samoqalaqo saqmeebi .......................................................... 27 muxli 14. magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi samoqalaqo saqmeebi ................................................................................... 29 muxli 15. saerTo gansjadoba ........................................................... 32 muxli 16. gansakuTrebuli gansjadoba ....................................... 36 muxli 17. sarCelis aRZvra mopasuxis mimarT, romelsac saqarTveloSi ar aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili (qonebrivi gansjadoba) ................................................... 39 muxli 18. nivTobrivi gansjadoba .................................................. 40 muxli 19. ojaxuri davebis gansjadoba ....................................... 41 muxli 20. gansjadoba mosarCelis arCeviT ................................ 42 muxli 21. SeTanxmeba gansjadobis Sesaxeb ................................. 43 muxli 22. gansjadobis wesebis dacviT miRebuli saqmis ganxilva ................................................................................. 45 muxli 23. saqmis gadacema gansjadi sasamarTlosaTvis ....... 46 muxli 24. gansjadobis Sesaxeb davis dauSvebloba ................ 48 T a v i IV sasamarTlos Semadgenloba. acileba ........... 49 muxli 25. sasamarTlos Semadgenloba .......................................... 49 muxli 26. gansakuTrebiT rTuli kategoriis saqmeTa ganxilvis wesi. .................................................................... 50 muxli 27. kolegiuri sasamarTlos mier sakiTxebis gadawyvetis wesi .................................................................. 53 muxli 28. TaTbiris saidumloeba ................................................... 55 muxli 29. saqmis ganxilvaSi mosamarTlis ganmeorebiT monawileobis dauSvebloba ........................................... 56 muxli 30. sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi axlo naTesavebis daSvebis akrZalva ............................................................... 57 muxli 31. mosamarTlis acilebis sxva safuZvlebi ................ 58 muxli 32. TviTacileba ........................................................................ 61 muxli 33. mxareTa gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb ...................... 61 muxli 34. gancxadebuli acilebis gadawyvetis wesi ............. 63 muxli 35. eqspertis, Tarjimnis, specialistis, sxdomis mdivnis acilebis safuZveli ........................................ 68 muxli 36. acilebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivreba ........................................................................... 69 T a v i V procesis xarjebi ........................................................ 70 muxli 37. cnebaTa gansazRvra .......................................................... 70 muxli 38. saxelmwifo baJi ................................................................ 71 muxli 39. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba ............................................ 72 VIII samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli 40. davis saganis Rirebuleba ............................................. 76 41. davis sagnis fasis gansazRvris wesi ......................... 78 42. davis sagnis fasis winaswar gansazRvra .................. 81 43. amoRebulia .......................................................................... 82 44. saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi ....... 82 45. mowmeebis, eqspertebis, specialistebisa da TarjimnisaTvis gadasaxdeli Tanxebi ...................... 84 46. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan gaTavisufleba ................................................................87 47. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan gaTavisufleba sasamarTlos mier .............................. 92 48. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadadeba da maTi odenobis Semcireba ........................................................... 94 49. saxelmwifo baJis odenobis Semcireba .................... 95 50. adgilze daTvalierebiT gamowveuli xarjebis anazRaureba .......................................................................... 97 51. mopasuxisa da movalis moZebna ................................... 98 52. mxaris mier sasamarTlo xarjebis winaswari Setana ...................................................................................... 99 53.sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba mxareTa Soris100 54. sasamarTlo xarjebisa da advokatis daxmarebis gamo gadasaxdeli xarjebis ganawileba sarCelze uaris Tqmisa da morigebisas ....................................... 103 55. saxelmwifosaTvis sasamarTlo xarjebis anazRaureba ....................................................................... 104 56. amoRebulia ........................................................................ 105 T a v i VI saproceso uzrunvelyofa ................................... 106 muxli 57. uzrunvelyofis garantia ........................................... 106 muxli 58. uzrunvelyofis safuZvlis moxsna .......................... 108 T a v i VII saproceso vadebi ...................................................... 110 muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis vada ............... 110 saproceso vadis gamoTvla ......................................... 112 saproceso vadis damTavreba ..................................... 114 saproceso vadis SeCereba ........................................... 115 saproceso vadis gasvlis Sedegebi .......................... 116 saproceso vadis gagrZeleba ..................................... 117 saproceso vadis aRdgena ............................................. 118 gancxadeba saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb .. 119 saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis forma da Sinaarsi ........................................................... 120 IX Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 68. saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilva .............................................................................. 120 muxli 69. saproceso vadis aRgenasTan dakavSirebuli sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdevineba ...................... 121 T a v i VIII sasamarTlo Setyobineba da dabareba ........ 122 muxli 70. sasamarTlo uwyeba ............................................................ 122 muxli 71. sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabareba ......................................... 125 muxli 72. sasamarTlo uwyebis Sinaarsi .................................... 127 muxli 73. sasamarTlo uwyebis gagzavna .................................... 128 muxli 74. Setyobineba adresatis aryofnis SemTxvevaSi ... 132 muxli 75. uwyebis miRebaze uaris Tqma ...................................... 134 muxli 76. misamarTis Secvla saqmis warmoebis dros .......... 135 muxli 77. uwyebis Cabareba TanamonawilisaTvis ................... 136 muxli 78. mopasuxis adgilsamyoflis daudgenloba ........... 137 uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis safuZvlebi da dro komentaris avtorTa rekomendaciebi ............ 138-141 kari meore mxareebi .......................................................................... 142 T a v i IX mxareTa saproceso uflebaunarianoba da qmedunarianoba ................................................... 142 muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli 79. mxareebi samoqalaqo procesSi ................................. 142 80. samoqalaqo saproceso uflebaunarianoba ......... 144 81. samoqalaqo saproceso qmedunarianoba ............... 146 811. arasrulwlovanis ufleba dacvaze ....................... 149 82. qmeduunaro mxaris saproceso warmomadgeneli procesSi (saproceso mzrunveli) ............................. 149 83. mxareTa saproceso uflebebi .................................... 152 831 mosarCelis mier sarCelis gamoxmoba ...................155 84. arasaTanado mosarCelis Secvla ............................. 157 85. arasaTanado mopasuxis Secvla ................................ 160 T a v i X saproceso Tanamonawileoba .............................. 162 muxli 86. Tanamonawileobis safuZvlebi ................................. 162 muxli 87. TanamonawileTa saproceso uflebebi ................... 166 T a v i XI mesame pirebi ................................................................ 168 X samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 88. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT ........................................................................... 168 muxli 89. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovnis gareSe ............................................................. 170 muxli 90. mesame piris Cabma saqmeSi erT-erTi mxaris iniciativiT ....................................................................... 173 muxli 91. mesame pirebis saproceso uflebebi ....................... 175 muxli 92. saproceso uflebamonacvleoba ............................... 175 T a v i XII warmomadgenloba sasamarTloSi ..................... 182 muxli 93. saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenlis meSveobiT ........ 182 muxli 94. pirebi, romlebic SeiZleba iyvnen warmomadgenlebad sasamarTloSi ............................. 184 muxli 95. pirebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba iyvnen warmomadgenlebad sasamarTloSi ............................. 186 muxli 96. warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis gaformeba .. 186 muxli 97. sasamarTlos uari im piris warmomadgenlad daSvebaze, romelic ar aris advokati .................... 190 muxli 98. warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba ........................... 191 muxli 99. warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyveta marwmuneblis mier .......................................................... 194 muxli 100. warmomadgenlis uari Tavis uflebamosilebaze .....................................................195 muxli 101. kanonieri warmomadgenlebi ..................................... 196 kari mesame sasamarTlo mtkicebulebebi .............................. 200 T a v i XIII mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Sefaseba ...... 200 muxli 102. mtkicebis tvirTi. mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba ....................................................................... 200 muxli 103. mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba ...................................... 204 muxli 104. mtkicebulebaTa miuRebloba .................................. 205 muxli 105. mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba ......................................... 207 muxli 106. faqtebi, romlebic ar saWiroeben mtkicebas ... 209 muxli 107. sasamarTlo davalebani ............................................. 211 muxli 108. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesrulebis wesi ............ 213 T a v i XIV mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa ...................... 215 muxli 109. Suamdgomloba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ............................................. 215 XI Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 110. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde ........................................................... 216 muxli 111. gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ................................................................................ 217 muxli 112. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Sinaarsi .................................................. 218 muxli 113. sasamarTlos ganCineba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ............................................ 220 muxli 114. specialistis monawileoba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis dros ............................................... 221 muxli 115. mxareTa monawileoba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaSi .......................................................... 222 muxli 116. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis wesiT Sekrebili masalebis sasamarTloSi gadagzavna 223 muxli 117. mtkicebulebaTa ganmeorebiTi an damatebiTi uzrunvelyofa .............................................................. 224 muxli 118. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad gaweuli xarjebis anazRaurebis wesi .................................... 225 muxli 119. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gamotanili ganCinebis gasaCivreba ...................... 226 T a v i XV adgilze daTvaliereba ......................................... 227 muxli 120. nivTieri da werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis adgilze daTvaliereba ............................................... 227 muxli 121. sasamarTlos ganCineba adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb .............................................. 228 muxli 122. adgilze daTvalierebis Catareba ......................... 230 muxli 123. specialistis monawileoba adgilze daTvalierebaSi .............................................................. 230 muxli 124. daTvalierebaSi monawile pirTa uflebamovaleobebi ..................................................................... 231 muxli 125. daTvalierebis oqmis Sinaarsi ................................ 232 muxli 126. daTvalierebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis dafarva .............................................................................. 233 T a v i XVI mxareTa axsna-ganmarteba ..................................... 234 muxli 127. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis miReba ......................... 234 muxli 128. mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebi ......................................... 236 muxli 129. pirebi, romlebisganac ar SeiZleba axsnaganmartebis miReba ....................................................... 238 muxli 130. axsna-ganmartebis miReba erT-erTi mxaris gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi ............................... 239 muxli 131. aRiareba ............................................................................ 240 XII samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 132. mxareTa aRiarebis forma .......................................... 242 muxli 133. aRiarebis gaqarwyleba mxaris mier ...................... 243 T a v i XVII werilobiTi mtkicebuleba .................................. 245 muxli 134. werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi da maTi wardgenis wesi ................................................................ 245 muxli 135. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis dednis wardgena .. 247 muxli 136. sasamarTlosaTvis werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis wardgenis savaldebulooba ...................................... 248 muxli 137. gancxadeba sabuTis siyalbis Sesaxeb .................. 251 muxli 138. werilobiT mtkicebulebaTa amonaweris wardgena da maTi daTvaliereba Senaxvis adgilze .............. 254 muxli 139. dedani sabuTebis Senaxva da dabruneba .............. 254 T a v i XVIII mowmeTa Gveneba .......................................................... 256 muxli 140. mowmis gamoZaxeba .......................................................... 256 muxli 141. pirebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba dakiTxul iqnen mowmed ................................................................................ 257 muxli 142. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba ................ 258 muxli 143. Cvenebis micemis valdebuleba Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebis miuxedavad ........................... 259 muxli 144. mowmis movaleoba daasabuTos uaris Tqma Cvenebis micemaze ............................................................ 261 muxli 145. mowmis movaleoba .......................................................... 262 muxli 146. mowmis ufleba ................................................................ 263 muxli 147. mowmis dakiTxva mis adgilsamyofelze ............... 264 muxli 148. mowmis dakiTxva ............................................................. 265 muxli 149. mowmis ganmeorebiT dakiTxva. mowmeTa dapirispireba .................................................................. 267 muxli 150. mowmis mier CanawerebiT sargebloba ................... 268 muxli 151. uaris Tqma mowmis dakiTxvaze ................................. 269 muxli 152. arasrulwlovani mowmis dakiTxva ......................... 269 muxli 153. mowmis mier ficis dadeba .......................................... 270 T a v i XIX nivTieri mtkicebuleba ......................................... 274 muxli 154. nivTieri mtkicebulebani, maTi gamoTxovisa da wardgenis wesi ................................................................. 274 muxli 155. sasamarTlo, romelsac unda waredginos nivTieri mtkicebuleba ................................................ 275 muxli 156. nivTieri mtkicebulebis wardgenis movaleoba 276 XIII Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 157. mxaris mier nivTieri mtkicebulebis wardgenaze uaris Tqma .................................................. 278 muxli 158. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba ...................... 279 muxli 159. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa adgilze daTvaliereba ................................................................. 280 muxli 160. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Senaxva ........................... 281 muxli 161. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa dabruneba .................... 282 T a v i XX eqspertis daskvna ..................................................... 284 muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. eqspertizis daniSvna .................................................. 284 ganCineba eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb ............ 286 ramdenime eqspertis daniSvna ................................. 288 eqspertizis Catarebis adgili ............................... 289 eqspertizis Catarebis wesi specialur saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi ....................................... 289 167. eqspertizis Catareba arasaeqsperto dawesebulebaSi ............................................................... 290 168. eqspertis uflebebi da movaleobebi ................... 291 169. eqspertizis CatarebisaTvis saWiro masalebis Segroveba ...................................................... 294 170. eqspertis daskvnis forma da Sinaarsi ................ 295 171. eqspertis daskvnis Semowmeba. eqspertisaTvis SekiTxvis micemis wesi .................................................. 297 172. eqspertis daskvnis Sefaseba .................................... 298 173. damatebiTi da ganmeorebiTi eqspertizis daniSvna .............................................................................. 299 174. eqspertizis masalebis dabruneba sasamarTlosaTvis ......................................................... 300 175. ficis dadeba eqspertis mier ................................... 301 176. eqspertis gasamrjelo ............................................... 302 wigni meore saqmeebis warmoeba pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi ............................................................. 304 kari meoTxe sasarCelo warmoeba ................................................. 304 T a v i XXI saqmeebis ganxilva pirveli instanciiT ...... 304 muxli 177. saqmis aRZvra .................................................................. 304 muxli 178. sarCelis Sinaarsi ........................................................ 305 XIV samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 179. sarCelisa da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebi .. 309 muxli 180. aRiarebiTi sarCeli ..................................................... 310 muxli 181. sarCeli valdebulebebis momavalSi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb ................................................................................ 312 muxli 182. ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovnis gaerTianeba da gamoyofa ........................................................................... 313 muxli 183. sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanis vada .............................................................. 317 muxli 184. sarCelisa da TandarTuli dokumentebis aslebis gadagzavna mopasuxisaTvis ....................... 318 muxli 185. xarvezis Sesaxeb ganCineha da sarCelis ukan dabruneba ......................................................................... 320 muxli 186. sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqma ................................ 321 muxli 187. ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ................................................................................ 326 T a v i XXII Segebebuli sarGeli ................................................. 329 muxli 188. Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra ................................... 329 muxli 189. Segebebuli sarCelis miRebis pirobebi .............. 331 muxli 190. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris gamo ................................................................... 334 T a v i XXIII sarGelis uzrunvelyofa ....................................... 335 muxli 191. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb . 335 muxli 192. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTloSi sarCelis aRZvramde ......................... 338 muxli 193. gancxadebis ganxilvis wesi ...................................... 339 muxli 194. ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ..... 340 muxli 195. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aRsruleba ........................................................................ 342 muxli 196. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis Secvla meoriT .............................................................................. 343 muxli 197. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gasaCivreba ...................................................................... 344 muxli 1971. sasamarTlos mier saCivris warmoebaSi miReba da ganxilva, saCivrisa da saqmis masalebis gadagzavna zemdgom sasamarTloSi ........................ 346 muxli 198. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi ............. 350 muxli 199. sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT gamowveuli zaralis anazRaureba .................................................................... 353 muxli 1991. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmeba ................................................... 356 XV Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XXIV saqmis momzadeba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad ...................................... 358 muxli 200. saqmis momzadebis mizani ........................................... 358 muxli 201. sasamarTlos davalebebi mopasuxisadmi ............ 360 muxli 202. mopasuxis werilobiTi pasuxis gadagzavna mosarCelisaTvis ............................................................ 362 muxli 203. moqmedeba, romelsac asrulebs mosamarTle saqmis momzadebis mizniT ........................................... 364 muxli 204. specialistis mowveva ................................................. 367 muxli 205. mosamzadebeli sxdomis daniSvna ........................... 369 muxli 206. mxareTa movaleoba ....................................................... 370 muxli 207. ganCineba saqmis sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb ........................................................... 371 muxli 208. ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb .. 373 muxli 209. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta da sarCelis (gancxadebis) ganuxilvelad datoveba saqmis momzadebis dros ............................................................ 374 T a v i XXV sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma ............................. 376 muxli 210. sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis dawyeba ................ 376 muxli 211. wesrigis dacvis mizniT mosamarTlis miTiTebaTa savaldebulooba ................................... 378 muxli 212. sasamarTloSi wesrigis darRvevisaTvis pasuxismgebloba ............................................................ 379 muxli 213. TarjimnisaTvis misi movaleobis ganmarteba .. 386 muxli 214. sasamarTlo Semadgenlobis gamocxadeba da acilebis uflebis ganmarteba ................................. 387 muxli 215. mxareTa Suamdgomlobebisa da gancxadebebis ganxilva ............................................................................ 389 muxli 216. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba da gagrZeleba .......... 393 muxli 217. saqmis ganxilvis dawyeba ........................................... 396 muxli 2171. magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilva ........................................................ 399 muxli 218. moqmedeba romelsac asrulebs mosamarTle mxareTa morigebis mizniT ......................................... 401 muxli 219. axal garemoebebze miTiTeba .................................... 402 muxli 220. axsna-ganmartebis miReba gamocxadebuli pirisagan ........................................................................... 403 muxli 221. mxareTa SekiTxvebi ....................................................... 404 muxli 222. mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebi ......................................... 405 muxli 223. mxareTa Sejibrebis xelmZRvaneloba .................. 405 XVI samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 224. mosarCelis mier sarCelis Secvlisa da mopasuxis mier Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris Sesaxeb sakiTxebis gadawyvetis wesi ........................ 407 muxli 225. warmodgenil mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba ........... 408 muxli 226. mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebis damTavreba ............ 409 muxli 227. mxareTa paeqroba .......................................................... 410 muxli 228. replika ............................................................................. 411 T a v i XXVI dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ............................ 413 muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli 229. 230. 231. 232. mosarCelis gamoucxadebloba ................................ 413 mopasuxis gamoucxadebloba .................................... 415 orive mxaris gamoucxadebloba .............................. 418 sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadebuli mxaris uari monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi ...... 419 233. sasamarTlos dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dauSvebloba .............................................. 420 234. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi ............ 422 235. gadawyvetilebis aslis gagzavna ............................ 423 236. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba ...... 423 237. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis vada ..................................................................................... 424 238. saCivris Sinaarsi .......................................................... 424 239. sasamarTlos moqmedeba saCivris miRebis Semdeg ................................................................................. 426 240. axali gadawyvetileba ................................................ 427 241. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvlebi ...................................................................... 430 242. ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ..... 431 T a v i XXVII sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba .............................. 432 muxli 243. saboloo gadawyvetileba .......................................... 432 muxli 244. sakiTxebi, romlebic unda gadawydes gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dros .......................... 433 muxli 245. nawilobrivi gadawyvetileba .................................. 434 muxli 246. winaswari (Sualeduri) gadawyvetileba ............. 436 muxli 247. gadawyvetilebis Camoyalibeba ............................... 437 muxli 248. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis farglebi ........ 438 muxli 249. gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi ......................................... 439 muxli 250. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Camoyalibeba ................................................................... 443 muxli 251. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis wesisa da vadis gansazRvra. aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa .............. 444 XVII Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 252. gadawyvetileba iuridiuli pirisagan fuladi Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb ............................. 444 muxli 253. gadawyvetileba qonebis mikuTvnebis an misi Rirebulebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb .................... 445 muxli 254. gadawyvetileba, romelic mopasuxes avalebs gansazRvruli moqmedebis Sesrulebas ................. 446 muxli 255. gadawyvetileba saxelmwifo organoebis, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis, sazogadoebrivi organizaciebisa da Tanamdebobis pirebis moqmedebebisa da gadawyvetilebebis arakanonierebis Sesaxeb ...... 447 muxli 256. gadawyvetileba ramdenime mosarCelis sasargeblod an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg 449 muxli 257. gadawyvetilebis gamotanis gadadeba ................. 450 muxli 258. amoRebulia ...................................................................... 453 muxli 259. gadawyvetilebis aslebis gagzavna mxareebisaTvis ................................................................ 453 muxli 260. gadawyvetilebaSi usworobaTa da aSkara ariTmetikuli Secdomebis gasworeba .................... 454 muxli 261. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba ..................................... 455 muxli 262. gadawyvetilebis ganmarteba .................................... 459 muxli 263. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadeba an ganawilvadeba, aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis Secvla ................................................................................ 461 T a v i XXVIII sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba ..................................................................... 464 muxli 264. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla ................................................................................ 464 muxli 265. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba an Secvla ........................................................ 466 muxli 266. gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Sedegebi ............................................................. 467 muxli 267. gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba ............ 468 muxli 2671. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis ganxilvis da gadawyvetis wesi ............................................................ 469 muxli 2672. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba ......................................................................... 470 muxli 268. dauyovnebliv aRsasrulebeli gadawyvetilebebi ......................................................... 472 muxli 269. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba ..... 475 XVIII samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 270. dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebis gasaCivreba ................................................ 476 muxli 271. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa . 476 T a v i XXIX saqmis warmoebis damTavreba gadawyvetilebis gamotanis gareSe................ 478 muxli 272. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta ......................................... 478 muxli 273. ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb .. 481 muxli 274. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gasaCivreba ...................................................................... 482 muxli 275. sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba ........................ 483 muxli 276. sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivreba ........................ 486 muxli 277. xandazmulobis vadis dadgena sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis dros ............................... 487 muxli 278. ganuxilvelad datovebuli sarCelis ganmeorebiT wardgena .................................................. 487 T a v i XXX saqmis warmoebis SeGereba .................................... 488 muxli 279. sasamarTlos movaleoba SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba ............................................................................ 488 muxli 280. sasamarTlos ufleba SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba ........................................................................ 491 muxli 281. saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis vadebi ........................ 493 muxli 282. sasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivreba ...................... 495 muxli 283. saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba ...................................... 495 T a v i XXXI sasamarTlo ganGineba ............................................ 497 muxli 284. ganCinebis gamotana ..................................................... 497 muxli 285. ganCinebis Sinaarsi ...................................................... 500 muxli 286. ganCinebis aslebis gadagzavna mxareebisaTvis 501 T a v i XXXII sasamarTlo oqmi ....................................................... 502 muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli 287. 288. 289. 290. 291. oqmis Sedgenis savaldebulooba ........................... 502 oqmis Sinaarsi ................................................................ 503 oqmis Sedgenisa da gaformebis wesi ...................... 505 magnitur firze Cawerili oqmi ............................... 507 SeniSvnebi sxdomis oqmTan dakavSirebiT ........... 507 XIX Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali kari mexuTe gamartivebuli warmoeba ....................................... 509 T a v i XXXIII Tamasuqisa da Gekis Taobaze aRZruli sarGelebis ganxilva ................................................ 509 muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli 292. 293. 294. 295. dasaSveboba ...................................................................... 509 Tamasuqis wardgena ...................................................... 510 gansjadoba ....................................................................... 511 vada uwyebis Cabarebidan sasamarTlo sxdomamde ......................................................................... 511 296. mtkicebulebebi ............................................................. 512 297. gamartivebuli wesiT saqmis ganxilvaze uaris Tqma ........................................................................ 513 298. sarCelebis SeerTebisa da Segebebuli sarCelebis aRZvris dauSvebloba ........................... 513 299. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis daTqma .............. 514 300. saqmis damatebiTi warmoeba ..................................... 515 301. Cekis Taobaze aRZruli saqmeebis warmoeba ...... 516 T a v i XXXIV davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb saqmis ganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi .......................... 518 muxli 302. dasaSveboba ...................................................................... 518 muxli 303. gancxadeba davalianebis gadaxdis valdebulebis Sesaxeb ................................................................................ 519 muxli 304. gansjadoba ....................................................................... 522 muxli 305. davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis miRebaze uaris Tqma ............................. 522 muxli 306. gadaxdis brZaneba ......................................................... 523 muxli 307. mopasuxis Sesagebeli (protesti) .......................... 525 muxli 308. saqmis ganxilva davis sasarCelo warmoebis wesiT ................................................................................... 526 muxli 309. gadaxdis brZanebis aRsruleba ............................... 528 T a v i XXXIVI lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze saqmis ganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi .......................... 529 muxli 309 1. dasaSveboba ................................................................... 529 muxli 309 2. gancxadeba lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze ............................................................................. 530 XX samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 309 3. gansjadoba .................................................................... 531 muxli 309 4. lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebis umoZraod datoveba .......................... 532 muxli 309 5. lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebis miRebaze uaris Tqma ......................... 533 muxli 309 6. lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZaneba .. 534 muxli 309 7. lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZanebis gasaCivreba ................................................. 534 kari meeqvse udavo warmoeba .......................................................... 536 T a v i XXXV zogadi debulebani .................................................. 536 muxli 310. sasamarTlos mier udavo warmoebis wesiT gansaxilveli saqmeebi .................................................. 536 muxli 311. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilva ........... 537 T a v i XXXVI iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dadgena ........................................................................... 540 muxli 312. sasamarTlos mier gansaxilveli saqmeebi iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb ............................................................ 540 muxli 313. iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dadgenisaTvis aucilebeli pirobebi .................... 544 muxli 3131. administraciuli organos pasuxismgebloba .. 547 muxli 314. gancxadebis Setana ....................................................... 548 muxli 315. gancxadebis Sinaarsi ................................................... 549 muxli 316. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb ............................................................. 550 T a v i XXXVII moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiareba da moqalaqis gardacvlilad gamocxadeba ................................................................. 553 muxli 317. gancxadebis Setana ....................................................... 553 muxli 318. gancxadebis Sinaarsi ................................................... 554 XXI Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 319. mosamarTlis moqmedeba gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg ................................................................ 555 muxli 320. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba .................................... 556 muxli 321. ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebuli an gardacvlilad gamocxadebuli moqalaqis gamoCenis an misi adgilsamyofelis aRmoCenis Sedegebi .............................................................................. 557 T a v i XXXVIII moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad da qmeduunarod aRiareba ........................................... 559 muxli 322. gancxadebis Setana ....................................................... 559 muxli 323. gancxadebis Sinaarsi ................................................... 561 muxli 324. eqspertizis daniSvna moqalaqis fsiqikuri mdgomareobis gansazRvris mizniT ........................... 562 muxli 325. gancxadebis ganxilva .................................................. 563 muxli 326. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gancxadebis gamo ..................................................................................... 565 muxli 327. SezRuduli qmedunarianobis gauqmeba da moqalaqis qmedunarianad aRiareba ........................ 566 T a v i XXXIX dakargul an ganadgurebul sawarmdgenlo fasian qaRaldsa da saordero fasian qaRaldze uflebis aRdgena ................................ 568 muxli 328. gancxadebis Setana ....................................................... 568 muxli 329. gancxadebis Sinaarsi ................................................... 570 muxli 330. mosamarTlis moqmedeba gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg ................................................................ 571 muxli 331. publikacia ...................................................................... 572 muxli 332. sabuTis xelTmqonis gancxadeba ............................. 573 muxli 333. mosamarTlis moqmedeba sabuTis xelTmqonisagan gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg ...... 573 muxli 334. saqmis daniSvna gansaxilvelad .............................. 575 muxli 335. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gancxadebis gamo ..................................................................................... 576 muxli 336. sabuTis xelTmqonis ufleba aRZras sarCeli qonebis usafuZvlod SeZenis Sesaxeb .................... 576 T a v i XLL qonebis upatronod cnoba .................................... 578 muxli 337. gancxadebis Setana ....................................................... 578 muxli 338. gancxadebis Sinaarsi ................................................... 578 muxli 339. publikacia ...................................................................... 579 XXII samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 340. qonebaze uflebis sasarCelo wesiT dacva .................................................................................. 580 muxli 341. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba .................................... 581 T a v i XLLI sawarmosa da kavSiris registracia amoRebulia muxli 342-348 amoRebulia .......................................................... 583 T a v i XLLII Svilad ayvana .............................................................. 583 muxli 349. gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb ....................... 583 muxli 350. gancxadebis Sinaarsi ................................................... 584 muxli 351. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ................................. 586 T a v i XLLII1 dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena ............ 588 muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli 3511. 3512. 3513. 3514. 3515. dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis wesi ...... 588 gancxadebis Setana gansjad sasamarTloSi ...... 588 gancxadebis Sinaarsi .................................................. 590 gancxadebis ganxilvis wesi ..................................... 592 sasamarTlos ganCineba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb ...................................... 595 muxli 3516. dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis SeuZlebloba .................................................................. 597 kari meSvide saojaxo, administraciuli, saxelmwifosamarTlebrivi urTierTobebidan warmoSobili da reketuli qonebis CamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebuli saqmeebis ganxilvis Taviseburebani ...................................... 598 T a v i XLLIII saojaxo saqmeTa ganxilvis Taviseburebani .....................................................................598 muxli 352. gamoyenebis sfero ........................................................ 598 muxli 353. erT-erTi meuRlis gardacvaleba .......................... 598 muxli 354. saqmis garemoebis dadgena sasamarTlos iniciativiT ...................................................................... 599 XXIII Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 355. sasamarTlos droebiTi gankarguleba ................. 600 muxli 356. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ganqorwinebis an qorwinebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb ...................... 602 T a v i XLLIV amoRebulia .............................................. 6 0 3 T a v i XLLIV1 warmoeba reketuli an qurduli samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT ............................... 604 muxli 3561. terminTa ganmarteba .................................................. 604 muxli 3562. sarCelis aRZvra reketulil an qurduli samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze .............................................................................. 607 muxli 3563. qonebis cnoba reketulad, qurduli samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis ukanonod da dausabuTeblad cnoba .......................................... 610 muxli 3564. qonebaze yadaRis dadeba .......................................... 614 muxli 3565. qonebis reketulad, ukanonod an dausabuTeblad cnobis iuridiuli Sedegebi ........................... 615 muxli 3566. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ................................ 618 wigni mesame sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa gasaCivreba ................................................................... 620 kari merve apelacia ......................................................................... 620 T a v i XLLV apelaciis dasaSveboba .......................................... 620 muxli 364. saapelacio saCivris Setana ..................................... 620 muxli 365. saapelacio saCivris Rirebuleba ......................... 622 muxli 366. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis dauSvebloba .............................. 624 muxli 367. sasamarTlo, romelSic SeiZleba saapelacio saCivris Setana .............................................................. 626 muxli 368. saapelacio saCivris Sinaarsi ................................ 627 XXIV samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 369. saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada ........................ 632 muxli 370. saapelacio gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma ................. 634 muxli 371. saqmis gadagzavna saapelacio sasamarTloSi .. 635 T a v i XLLVI saqmis warmoeba saapelacio sasamarTloSi ............................................................. 636 muxli 372. zogadi debulebani ....................................................... 636 muxli 373. saqmis momzadeba saapelacio sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad ............................ 636 muxli 374. saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmeba .. 640 muxli 375. saapelacio saCivris miRebis Sedegi .................... 642 muxli 376. saqmis ganxilvis daniSvna ......................................... 644 muxli 377. gadawyvetilebis Semowmebis farglebi ............... 645 muxli 378. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqma ......................... 648 muxli 379. Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari ........................... 649 muxli 380. axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi ........................ 652 muxli 381. davis sagnis Secvla da gadideba ........................... 654 muxli 382. mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva .................................... 655 muxli 383. saqmis zepiri ganxilva ............................................... 656 T a v i XLLVII saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba . 659 muxli 384. gadawyvetilebis Secvlis farglebi .................... 659 muxli 385. gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba da saqmis ukan dabruneba xelaxla gansaxilvelad ....................... 660 muxli 386. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ........ 662 muxli 387. mxareTa gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebi ................... 664 muxli 388. saqmis ukan gadagzavna ................................................ 666 muxli 389. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi ............................................................................. 667 muxli 390. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebis Sinaarsi . 670 kari mecxre kasacia ............................................................................ 673 T a v i XLLVIII kasaciis dasaSveboba .............................................. 673 muxli 391. sakasacio saCivris Setana ........................................ 673 muxli 3911. saqmis gadacema saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatisTvis ............................. 683 muxli 392. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis dauSvebloba ................................................................... 687 XXV Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli muxli 393. 394. 395. 396. 397. 398. sakasacio saCivris safuZvlebi .............................. 688 sakasacio saCivris absoluturi safuZvlebi .. 692 sakasacio saCivris Setana ........................................ 698 sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsi .................................... 699 sakasacio saCivris Setanis vada ............................ 704 saqmis gadagzavna sakasacio sasamarTloSi ...... 707 T a v i XLLIX saqmis warmoeba sakasacio sasamarTloSi ... 708 muxli 399. zogadi debulebani ....................................................... 708 muxli 400. sakasacio saCivris gadagzavna meore mxarisaTvis, pasuxi sakasacio saCivarze ............. 709 muxli 401. sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmeba ...... 710 muxli 402. sakasacio saCivris miRebis Sedegi ....................... 712 muxli 403. saqmis ganxilvis daniSvna ......................................... 713 muxli 404. gadawyvetilebis Semowmebis farglebi ............... 714 muxli 405. Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari .............................. 718 muxli 406. davis sagnis Secvla da gadideba ........................... 719 muxli 407. Semowmebis faqtobrivi safuZveli ........................ 720 muxli 408. saqmis zepiri ganxilva ............................................... 724 T a v i LL sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba .... 728 muxli muxli muxli muxli 409. 410. 411. 412. gadawyvetilebis Secvlis farglebi .................... 728 uari sakasacio saCivarze ......................................... 729 sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ............ 730 saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis dabruneba xelaxla gansaxilvelad ............................................. 731 muxli 413. saqmis ukan dabruneba ................................................. 734 kari meaTe kerZo saCivari ............................................................ 735 T a v i LLI kerZo saGivris dasaSveboba da ganxilvis wesi .................................................................................... 735 muxli muxli muxli muxli kerZo saCivris Setana ................................................. 735 kerZo saCivris forma .................................................. 736 kerZo saCivris Setanis vada .................................... 737 kerZo saCivrisa da saqmis masalebis gadagzavna zemdgom sasamarTloSi ......................... 738 muxli 418. kerZo saCivris Setanis Sedegi ................................ 738 muxli 419. gadawyvetileba kerZo saCivris Taobaze ............ 739 XXVI 414. 415. 416. 417. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 420. kerZo saCivris ganxilvis wesi ................................ 741 kari meTerTmete saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba ................................. 743 T a v i LLII gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb da misi ganxilvis wesi ........................... 743 muxli 421. saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis saxeebi .................... 743 muxli 422. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb .............................................. 745 muxli 423. gancxadeba axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb ..................... 748 muxli 424. gansjadoba ....................................................................... 751 muxli 425. gancxadebis Setanis wesi ........................................... 753 muxli 426. gancxadebis Setanis vada .......................................... 753 muxli 427. gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Sinaarsi .................................... 757 muxli 428. mosamarTlis Camocileba gancxadebis ganxilvisagan ................................................................. 759 muxli 429. gancxadebis dasaSvebobis Semowmeba .................... 760 muxli 430. gancxadebis ganxilva .................................................. 761 muxli 431. saqmis ganxilva .............................................................. 763 muxli 432. gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba .................................... 763 samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis gardamavali da daskvniTi debulebani ..................................... 765 muxli 433. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis amoqmedeba ........................................................................ 765 muxli 434. Zaladakarguli normatiuli aqtebis nusxa ...... 765 muxli 435. samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobis moqmedeba droSi ............................................................ 765 muxli 436. 1999 wlis 15 maisamde sasamarTloebSi miRebuli, jer kidev daumTavrebeli saqmeebis ganxilva ... 766 muxli 437. amoRebulia ...................................................................... 767 muxli 438. amoRebulia ...................................................................... 768 muxli 439. afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis sasamarTloTa gansjadoba ......................................... 768 XXVII Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 440. warmomadgenlis saqmianobis SezRudva samoqalaqo procesSi .................................................. 768 muxli 441. ................................................................................................ 769 muxli 442. saapelacio sasamarTlos uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebaze warmoebaSi miRebuli saqmeebis gadacema da sakasacio saCivrebis ganxilva ...... 769 muxli 443. saapelacio saCivris ganxilva erTpirovnulad...................................................................770 XXVIII saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari wigni pirveli zogadi debulebani kari pirveli sasamarTlo T a v i I samarTalwarmoebis ZiriTadi debulebani muxli 1. gamoyenebis sfero 1. saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebi samoqalaqo saqmeebs ganixilaven am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesebis mixedviT. 2. samoqalaqo saqmeebis warmoeba xorcieldeba saproceso kanonmdeblobiT, romlebic moqmedebs saqmis ganxilvis, calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis an sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis dros. 1. pirveli muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs samoqalaqo saqmeebis uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis zogad wess, romlis Tanaxmad aseT saqmeebs saerTo sasamarTloebi ganixilaven. saerTo sasamarTloebis uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis sakiTxi ufro konkretulad Camoyalibebulia me-11 muxlSi (ix. am muxlis komentari). aqve gansazRvrulia samoqalaqo saqmeTa sasamarTloSi ganxilvis wesi _ saerTo sasamarTloebma saqmeTa ganxilvis dros unda ixelmZRvanelon mxolod samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesebiT. _ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis esa Tu is wesi gansazRvros sxva romelime kanonma, maT Soris samoqalaqo kodeqsma, sagadasaxado kodeqsma, Sromis kodeqsma da a. S. Tu es wesebi ar Seesabameba an ewinaaRmdegeba samoqalaqo saproceso ko1 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali deqss, an im principebs, romlebzec es kodeqsia agebuli, maSin gamoiyeneba samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT gansazRvruli wesebi. _ sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon isic, rom saqarTvelos konstituciis me-6 muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad, Tu samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis esa Tu is norma ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas an SeTanxmebas, maSin gamoiyeneba am saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT Tu SeTanxmebiT gansazRvruli wesi. 2. pirveli muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis moqmedebas droSi. aq damkvidrebulia principi, romlis Tanaxmad samoqalaqo saproceso kanons ukuqceviTi Zala ar aqvs. es imas niSnavs, rom samoqalaqo saqmeebis warmoeba sasamarTloSi xorcieldeba im saproceso kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, romelic moqmedebs saqmis ganxilvis, calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis Tu gadawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebis dros. igive principi damkvidrebulia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis gardamavali debulebebis 435-e muxliT. _ praqtikuli daskvna, romelic am principidan gamomdinareobs, mdgomareobs SemdegSi: Tu sarCelis aRZvra moxda da saqmis warmoeba gaixsna axali samoqalaqo saproceso kanonis amoqmedebamde, xolo Semdeg miRebul iqna axali kanoni (kodeqsi), sasamarTlom unda gamoiyenos es axali kanoni (kodeqsi), damoukideblad imisa, saqmis warmoebis gaxsna da, SeiZleba, am saqmis ganxilvac daiwyo Tu ara Zveli saproceso kanonmdeblobis moqmedebis pirobebSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi is saproceso moqmedeba, romelic Sesrulda Zveli kanoniT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad, CaiTvleba marTlzomierad (Sesrulebulad) da am moqmedebis ganmeorebiT Sesruleba axali kanoniT dadgenili wesiT _ dauSvebelia. xolo iseTi saproceso moqmedebebi, romlebic axali kanonmdeblobis amoqmedebis pirobebSi unda ganxorcieldes, Sesruldeba ara 2 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Zveli, aramed am axali kanoniT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad. muxli 2. uflebis sasamarTlo wesiT dacva 1. yoveli pirisaTvis uzrunvelyofilia uflebis sasamarTlo wesiT dacva. saqmis ganxilvas sasamarTlo Seudgeba im piris gancxadebiT, romelic mimarTavs mas Tavisi uflebis an kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli interesebis dasacavad. 2. gancxadebis miRebasa da saqmis ganxilvaze uaris Tqma sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxolod am kodeqsiT dadgenili safuZvlebiTa da wesiT. 1. me-2 muxlis pirvel nawilSi damkvidrebulia piris umniSvnelovanesi ufleba mimarTos sasamarTlos Tavisi darRveuli an sadavo uflebis dacvis mizniT (sarCelis ufleba saproceso samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT). sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, namdvilad darRveulia Tu ara piris ufleba da marTla aucilebelia Tu ara am uflebis dacva _ es aris sakiTxi, romelic unda gairkves saqmis ganxilvis Sedegad _ sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT. 2. sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs uari uTxras pirs sarCelis (gancxadebis) miRebaze da ganxilvaze, e. i. uflebis dacvaze, garda kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa (180-e, 185-e da 186-e muxlebi). muxli 3. dispoziciurobis principi 1. mxareebi iwyeben saqmis warmoebas sasamarTloSi, am kodeqsSi Camoyalibebuli wesebis Sesabamisad, sarCelis an gancxadebis Setanis gziT. isini gansazRvraven davis 3 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali sagans da TviTonve iReben gadawyvetilebas sarCelis (gancxadebis) Setanis Sesaxeb. 2. mxareebs SeuZliaT saqmis warmoeba morigebiT daamTavron. mosarCeles SeuZlia uari Tqvas sarCelze, xolo mopasuxes _ cnos sarCeli. 1. dispoziciurobis principi samoqalaqo saproceso samarTalSi niSnavs mxareTa Tavisuflebas gankargon TavianTi materialuri da saproceso uflebebi. am principebzea agebuli samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba. uflebis dasacavad sasamarTloSi mimarTva TviT dainteresebuli piris neba-survilzea damokidebuli. misi nebis gareSe aravis ar aqvs ufleba mimarTos sasamarTlos. marTalia pirs SeuZlia awarmoos saqme sasamarTloSi piradad an warmomadgenlis meSveobiT, magram es arafers ar cvlis: piri TviTon iRebs gadawyvetilebas aRZras sarCeli sasamarTloSi, magram praqtikulad sarCelis aRZvra, aseve mTlianad saqmis warmoeba mas SeuZlia miandos warmomadgenels (93-e muxlis me-2 nawili). _ sarCeli (gancxadeba) Sedgenili unda iyos werilobiTi formiT da unda pasuxobdes kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs (178-e da 303-e muxlebi). _ mxareebis mier davis sagnis gansazRvra _ dispoziciurobis erT-erTi konkretuli gamovlinebaa. es imas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs gascdes sasarCelo moTxovnis farglebs, Secvalos sarCelis sagani an safuZveli, gaadidos sasarCelo moTxovnis odenoba. sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs agreTve miakuTvnos mxares Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT is, rac mas ar uTxovia, an imaze meti, vidre is moiTxovda (248-e muxli). 2. saqmis morigebiT damTavrebis SemTxvevaSi mxareTa Soris warmoSobili dava gadawydeba aramarto iuridiulad, aramed faqtobrivad, maSin, rodesac Tu dava sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT gadaiWra, es marTalia aris am davis iuridiuli gadawyveta, magram faq4 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari tobrivad dava mxareebs Soris SeiZleba gagrZeldes da kidev ufro gamwvavdes. amitom, sasamarTlom yovelTvis unda ecados, rom mxareTa Soris wamoWrili dava morigebiT daamTavros (205-e da 218-e muxlebi). _ saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis mixedviT mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma _ esaa materialursamarTlebrivi uflebis gankargvis aqti, ise rogorc, vTqvaT, sakuTari nivTis gaCuqeba. sarCelze uaris Tqma SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiTac, rom mosarCele sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis procesSi darwmundeba Tavisi moTxovnis usafuZvlobaSi da a.S. _ ra motiviTac ar unda iyos ganpirobebuli mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma, mas ukavSirdeba metad seriozuli Sedegebi _ saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta, ris Sedegadac mas samudamod erTmeva ufleba kvlav aRZras igive sarCeli sasamarTloSi imave mopasuxis mimarT (273-e muxlis me-2 nawili). ganCinebaze saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba mxareTa morigebis Tu sarCelze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi warmoebs 54-e muxlis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis komentari). _ sarCelze uaris Tqmisagan unda ganvasxvavoT sarCelis gamoxmoba anu ukan gaTxova mosarCelis mier, rasac arc ise iSviaTad aqvs adgili praqtikaSi (831-e muxli). sarCelis (gancxadebis) gamoxmobis dros mosarCele uars ki ar ambobs Tavis sarCelze, aramed mas am etapze ar surs am sarCelis sasamarTloSi ganxilva. amitom, aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta 272-e muxlis `g~ qvepunqtis safuZvelze dauSvebelia, radgan am safuZvliT saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta arTmevs mosarCeles uflebas kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos igive sarCeliT.1 _ sarCelis gamoxmobis (ukan gaTxovis) uflebas ko1 aseTi, savsebiT swori da iuridiulad dasabuTebuli pozicia Camoayaliba sakasacio sasamarTlom Tavis 24.IV.2002 wlis ganCinebaSi. ix. susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2002, #7, gv. 1139. 5 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali deqsi ar iTvaliswinebda, magram aseTi ufleba gamomdinareobda am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesidan, romlis Tanaxmad, mxareebi TviTonve iReben gadawyvetilebas sarCelis (gancxadebis) Setanis Sesaxeb da maTve unda SeeZloT miiRon gadawyvetileba Setanili sarCelis ukan gamoTxovis Sesaxeb. saproceso kodeqss daemata 831 muxli, romlis Tanaxmad sarCelis gamoxmoba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, dasaSvebia mxolod mopasuxis TanxmobiT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda ganixilos sarCeli saerTo wesiT. _ sarCelis gamoxmobis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba am sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebisa da misi mosarCelisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlo xarjebi, rac gaweuli iyo sarCelis gamoxmobamde, unda daekisros mosarCeles. cxadia, rom mosarCeles kvlav SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos igive sarCeliT 278-e muxlis safuZvelze (ix. 831 da 278-e muxlebis komentari). _ mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobac warmoadgens dispoziciurobis principis konkretul gamovlinebas, kerZod, mopasuxis mier Tavisi materialur-samarTlebrivi uflebis gankargvis aqts. _ mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb. Tu mopasuxem sarCeli cno saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, ris Sesaxebac werilobiT acnoba sasamarTlos (201-e da 205-e muxlebi), maSin sasamarTlo niSnavs mosamzadebel sxdomas da gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb (208-e muxlis me-3 nawili). mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebas. Tu mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobas adgili hqonda saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dros, am SemTxvevaSic sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb. _ sarCelis cnoba (aRiareba) unda ganvasxvavoT faqtis aRiarebisagan, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 131-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari). 6 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari sarCelis aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo aRar amowmebs da afasebs saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs. Tavis gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb igi afuZnebs mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobas. sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba unda moxdes 53-e muxlis mixedviT (ix. am muxlis komentari). muxli 4. SejibrebiTobis principi 1. samarTalwarmoeba mimdinareobs SejibrebiTobis safuZvelze. mxareebi sargebloben Tanabari uflebebiTa da SesaZleblobebiT, daasabuTon TavianTi moTxovnebi, uaryon an gaaqarwylon meore mxaris mier wamoyenebuli moTxovnebi, mosazrebebi Tu mtkicebulebebi. mxareebi TviTonve gansazRvraven, Tu romeli faqtebi unda daedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebs an romeli mtkicebulebebiT unda iqnes dadasturebuli es faqtebi. 2. saqmis garemoebaTa gasarkvevad sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT mimarTos am kodeqsSi gaTvaliswinebul RonisZiebebs. samoqalaqo procesSi cnobilia faqtebis dadgenisa da mxareTa ufleba-movaleobebis garkvevis ori ZiriTadi meTodi: pirveli _ esaa samZebro anu inkviziciuri meTodi, romlis Tanaxmad sasamarTlo ver dasjerdeba mxareTa mier warmodgenil mtkicebulebebs da TviTonaa valdebuli Tavisi iniciativiT Sekribos mtkicebulebebi, gansazRvros mtkicebis sagani, miiRos yvela zoma mxareTa uflebebisa da movaleobebis dasadgenad. es meTodi daedo safuZvlad saqarTvelos 1964 wlis samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqss. meore _ esaa SejibrebiTobis meTodi, romelic gulisxmobs mxareTa aqtiurobas da romlis mixedviT mtkicebis sagnis 7 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali gansazRvra da am saganSi Semavali faqtebis damtkicebis tvirTi mTlianad ekisreba mxareebs. sasamarTlos aqtivoba, misi iniciativiT mtkicebis procesSi Careva dasaSvebia im zomiT da farglebSi, rac gaTvaliswinebulia am kodeqsiT. am meTodzea agebuli saqarTvelos axali samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi. 1. SejibrebiToba niSnavs modave mxareTa Tanabar SesaZleblobas gankargon faqtiuri garemoebebis dadgenis saproceso saSualebebi, agreTve mxareTa uflebas, miuTiTon faqtebze TavianTi moTxovnebis Tu Sesageblis dasasabuTeblad (`faqtebis miTiTebis tvirTi~) da warmoadginon mtkicebulebebi am faqtebis dadastureba-damtkicebisaTvis (`faqtebis damtkicebis tvirTi~). sasamarTlo SeboWilia aramarto mxareTa sasarCelo moTxovnis Tu Sesageblis farglebiT (248-e muxli), aramed mxareTa miTiTebiT Tu romeli faqtebi unda daedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebs, an romeli mtkicebulebebiT unda iqnes dadasturebuli es faqtebi. 2. me-4 muxlis me-2 nawilSi laparakia sasamarTlos iniciativaze mtkicebis procesSi. magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoiCinos iniciativa im farglebSi, ra farglebSic amas samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs. magaliTad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia SesTavazos mxareebs warmoadginon damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi, gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT (103-e da 203-e muxli); sasamarTlos mixedulebazea damokidebuli romeli mtkicebuleba miiRos da romeli ar miiRos (104-e muxli); sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT SeuZlia daadginos agreTve nivTieri da werilobiTi mtkicebulebis adgilze daTvaliereba (120-e muxli), daniSnos eqspertiza (162-e muxli) da a. S. kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebis garda (magaliTad, 350-e muxlis me-3 nawili) mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba mxareTa Suamdgomlobis gareSe SeiZleba gaxdes mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos) acilebis safuZveli (31-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `d~ qvepunqti). 8 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 5. marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba mxolod sasamarTlos mier moqalaqeTa Tanasworobis sawyisebze marTlmsajulebas samoqalaqo saqmeebze axorcielebs mxolod sasamarTlo kanonisa da sasamarTlos winaSe yvela piris Tanasworobis sawyisebze. me-5 muxliT ganmtkicebulia sami erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli principi: a) marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba mxolod sasamarTlos mier; b) kanonis winaSe yvela piris Tanasworoba; g) sasamarTlos winaSe yvela piris Tanasworoba. _ saqarTvelos konstituciis 82-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo xelisufleba xorcieldeba sakonstitucio kontrolis, marTlmsajulebis da kanoniT dadgenili sxva formebis meSveobiT. amave konstituciis 83e muxlis Tanaxmad, marTlmsajulebas axorcieleben saerTo sasamarTloebi. amrigad, marTlmsajuleba ganekuTvneba gansakuTrebul saxelmwifoebriv saqmianobaTa kategorias, romelic SeiZleba ganaxorcielos mxolod saerTo sasamarTloebma. Tavis mxriv, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba samoqalaqo saqmeebze niSnavs imas, rom sasamarTlom ganuxrelad unda ixelmZRvanelos saqmeTa ganxilvis im wesebiT, romlebic dadgenilia samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT. samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilva am wesebis ugulebelyofiT an am wesebidan arsebiTi gadaxveviT aRar iqneba marTlmsajuleba. _ me-5 muxliT damkvidrebulia meore mniSvnelovani principi _ kanonis winaSe yvela piris Tanasworoba. saqarTvelos konstituciis me-14 muxlis Tanaxmad yvela adamiani kanonis winaSe Tanasworia ganurCevlad rasisa, kanis ferisa, enisa, sqesisa, religiisa, politikuri da sxva Sexedulebebisa, erovnuli, eTnikuri da 9 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali socialuri kuTvnilebisa, warmoSobisa, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobisa, sacxovrebeli adgilisa. kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis principi warmoadgens socialuri, ekonomikuri, kulturuli da politikuri cxovrebis sferoebSi saerTo Tanasworobis konkretul gamovlinebas. kanonis winaSe Tanasworoba niSnavs imas, rom kanonis esa Tu is danawesi erTnairad unda iqnes gamoyenebuli da Sefardebuli mxareebis mimarT, damoukideblad imisa, Tu vin gvevlineba mxared _ fizikuri piri, sajaro Tu kerZo iuridiuli piri. _ me-5 muxliT ganmtkicebulia kidev erTi principi _ sasamarTlos winaSe mxareTa Tanasworoba. es principi gulisxmobs, jer erTi, imas rom mxareebs samoqalaqo procesSi ufleba aqvT mousminon, Tu ras amboben maT winaaRmdeg, meore, maT ufleba aqvT TviTon iqnan mosmenilni imis Sesaxeb, risi Tqmac undaT rogorc mowinaaRmdege mxaris misamarTiT, ise Tavisi Tavis dasacavad. mxareTa sasamarTlos winaSe Tanasworobis principi niSnavs agreTve imasac, rom saqmis ganxilvis procesSi orive mxares hqondes erTnairi saproceso uflebebi TavianTi moTxovnebis Tu Sesageblis dasasabuTeblad (83-e muxli). muxli 6. mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba da maTi kanonisadmi damorCileba 1. mosamarTle Tavis saqmianobaSi damoukidebelia da emorCileba mxolod saqarTvelos konstituciasa da kanons. raime zemoqmedeba mosamarTleze an Careva mis saqmianobaSi gadawyvetilebis miRebaze zegavlenis mizniT akrZalulia da isjeba kanoniT. 2. Tu saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos azriT, kanoni, romelic am saqmisaTvis unda iqnes gamoyenebuli, ar Seesabameba an 10 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ewinaaRmdegeba konstitucias, sasamarTlo SeaCerebs saqmis ganxilvas am sakiTxze sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis miRebamde, ris Semdegac saqmis ganxilva ganaxldeba. 3. Tu saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos azriT, kanons ar Seesabameba kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti, romlis Semowmebac ar Sedis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos kompetenciaSi, sasamarTlo gamoitans gadawyvetilebas kanonis mixedviT. 1. me-6 muxlSi Camoyalibebulia ramdenime mniSvnelovani principi da debuleba, romelTa Soris aRsaniSnavia principi, romlis Tanaxmad mosamarTle damoukidebelia da emorCileba kanons. mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba sasamarTlo xelisuflebis damoukideblobis umniSvnelovanesi elementia. amitom sasamarTlos damoukidebel xelisuflebad Camoyalibebis interesebi moiTxoven mosamarTleTa damoukideblobis uzrunvelyofas. mosamarTleTa damoukideblobis garantiebs ganamtkicebs saqarTvelos konstitucia, saqarTvelos organuli kanoni `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi da sxva normatiuli aqtebi. aseTi garantiebis ricxvs ganekuTvneba magaliTad saqarTvelos konstituciiT damkvidrebuli debulebebi, romelTa Tanaxmad: a) aravis ar aqvs ufleba mosTxovos mosamarTles angariSi konkretul saqmeze; b) baTilia yvela aqti, romelic zRudavs mosamarTleTa damoukideblobas; g) sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, Secvla an SeCereba SeuZlia mxolod sasamarTlos kanoniT gansazRvruli wesiT; d) mosamarTlis Camocileba saqmis ganxilvisagan, Tanamdebobidan misi vadamde gaTavisufleba an sxva Tanamdebobaze gadayvana daiSveba mxolod kanoniT gansaz- 11 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali Rvrul SemTxvevebSi (saqarTvelos konstituciis 84e muxli). _ mosamarTlis damoukideblobisa da misi kanonisadmi damorCilebis principis dedaazri mdgomareobs imaSi, rom aravis ar aqvs ufleba Caerios sasamarTlos saqmianobaSi mis mier konkretul saqmeTa ganxilva-gadawyvetis dros. arcerT saxelmwifo organizacias, sajaro Tu kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirs, arcerT Tanamdebobis pirs ufleba ar aqvs raime miTiTeba misces sasamarTlos imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor gadawyvitos man konkretuli saqme. 2. me-6 muxlis me-2 nawilSi Camoyalibebulia konstituciis uzenaesoba sxva kanonebTan mimarTebaSi. a) sasamarTlo xelisuflebas sakonstitucio kontrolis formiT axorcielebs saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlo. mxolod sakonstitucio sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos Seesabameba Tu ara, an ufro metic, ewinaaRmdegeba Tu ara esa Tu is kanoni konstitucias. b) sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Seesabameba Tu ara kanoni konstitucias, SeiZleba wamoiWras rogorc saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, ise am saqmis Ria sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganxilvis dros. nebismier stadiaze sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros saqmis ganxilva an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba da mimarTos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos (279-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqti). g) sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis mimarTvis formas gansazRvravs saqarTvelos kanoni `saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb~. am kanonis me-19 muxlis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos kanonebis Tu sxva normatiuli aqtebis saqarTvelos konstituciasTan Sesabamisobis sakiTxs ganixilavs sakonstitucio sasamarTlo sakonstitucio sarCelis an wardginebis safuZvelze. amrigad, saerTo sasamarTloebma unda gamoitanon ganCineba saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb (282-e muxli) da mimarTon sakonstitucio sasamarTlos konstituci12 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari uri wardginebiT, mis mier gamosayenebeli kanonis konstituciasTan Sesabamisobis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad. saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi SeCerdeba sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis miRebamde. aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg saqmis warmoeba ganaxldeba (283-e muxli). 3. me-6 muxlis me-3 nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs iseTi kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti, romlis konstituciasTan Sesabamisobis Semowmeba ar Sedis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos kompetenciaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi TviTon saerTo sasamarTlo gadawyvets am sakiTxs da Tu CaTvlis, rom normatiuli aqti ar Seesabameba kanons, gamoitans gadawyvetilebas kanonis (da ara mis Seusabamo normatiuli aqtis) safuZvelze. magaliTad, saqarTvelos prezidentis, saqarTvelos samTavrobo dawesebulebis, umaRlesi saxelmwifo organos xelmZRvanelis da a. S. administraciulsamarTlebrivi aqtebis kanonierebis Semowmeba ar Sedis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gamgeblobaSi (saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis me-6 muxli). amitom, Tu aseTi aqti ar Seesabameba kanons, sasamarTlo samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilva-gadawyvetis dros ixelmZRvanelebs kanoniT. sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis mimarTva aseT SemTxvevaSi dauSvebelia. muxli 7. kanonisa da samarTlis analogia 1. Tu ar arsebobs sadavo urTierTobis momwesrigebeli kanoni, sasamarTlo iyenebs kanons, romelic awesrigebs msgavs urTierTobas (kanonis analogia), xolo Tu aseTi kanonic ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo emyareba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis zogad principebs (samarTlis analogia). 2. Tu ar arsebobs samoqalaqo saproceso norma, romelic aregulirebs sasamarTlo 13 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali warmoebis dros warmoSobil urTierTobas, sasamarTlo iyenebs saproceso samarTlis im normas, romelic awesrigebs msgavs urTierTobas (kanonis analogia), xolo Tu aseTi normac ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo emyareba samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis zogad principebs (samarTlis analogia). 1. es muxli ori nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirveli nawili gansazRvravs materialuri samarTlis analogiis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas. mxedvelobaSia materialuri samarTlis nebismieri dargi, romlis gamoyenebis aucilebloba SeiZleba warmoiSvas sasamarTlos mier samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis dros. SeiZleba mxolod sadavo iyos sakiTxi Tu ramdenad dasaSvebia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis mier materialuri samarTlisa da materialur samarTlebrivi normis (kanonis) analogiiT gamoyenebis gansazRvra, maSin rodesac saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-5 muxli iTvaliswinebs samarTlisa da kanonis analogias. mxedvelobaSia agreTve misaRebi is garemoeba, rom samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-5 muxlis me-3 nawili krZalavs specialuri urTierTobis momwesrigebeli normebis (sagamonakliso normebis) analogiiT gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.2 2. me-7 muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobisa da samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis analogiis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas. samoqalaqo saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi xorcieldeba samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT. magram ise rogorc sxva kanonebi, romlebic adamianTa urTierTobis sxvadasxva sferoebs aregulireben, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsic SeiZleba Seicavdes xarvezs. dauSvebelia 2 . 14 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni pirveli. Tb, 1999, gv.35. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari uari saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebaze, miT ufro, roca aseTi moqmedebis Sesrulebaze damokidebulia mxaris interesebis dacva, im motiviT, rom samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs aseTi moqmedebis Sesrulebas da wess. amitom sasamarTlom unda gamoiyenos kanoni (samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis norma), romelic analogiuri saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas iTvaliswinebs da daukavSiros mas is Sedegebi, romelsac analogiuri saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas ukavSirebs kanoni. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqme gveqneba kanonis analogiasTan. magram Tu kanonis analogiiT gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba ar arsebobs, imis gamo, rom aseTi kanonic ar arsebobs, maSin gamoyenebuli unda iqnes samarTlis, kerZod samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis analogia. samarTlis analogiis gamoyeneba marTalia rTulia, radgan igi gulisxmobs samarTlis zogadi principebiT xelmZRvanelobis aucileblobas, magram Zalzed sainteresoa, radgan aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gvevlineba aramarto rogorc samarTalSemfardebeli, aramed garkveulwilad, rogorc samarTalSemoqmedic, radgan qmnis saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis wess mocemul konkretul SemTxvevaSi. samarTlisa da kanonis analogia xSirad gamxdara samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi arsebuli xarvezis Sevsebis safuZveli. sakmarisia davasaxeloT mosarCelis mier sarCelis gamoxmoba, romlis Sesaxeb norma (831-e muxli) daemata samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqss agreTve sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze uarisTqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gasaCivreba (197-e muxli), rac adre kanonis analogiis gamoyenebiT xdeboda. rogorc kanonis, ise samarTlis analogiis gamoyeneba zedmiwevniT naTlad da gasagebad unda iyos motivirebuli gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi). 15 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 8. gadawyvetilebis gamotana saqarTvelos saxeliT sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gamoaqvs saqarTvelos saxeliT. sasamarTloebs gamoaqvT ori saxis dadgenileba: gadawyvetileba da ganCineba. sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac arsebiTad wydeba saqme, gamodis gadawyvetilebis saxiT (243-e muxlis pirveli nawili), xolo sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac saqme arsebiTad ar wydeba, miiReba ganCinebis formiT (284-e muxli). _ sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba marTlmsajulebis umniSvnelovanesi aqtia, romelmac unda daicvas darRveuli an sadavod gamxdari ufleba, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli interesi. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT xdeba saqmeze dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebis saboloo Sefaseba kanonebis safuZvelze. swored amitom, gadawyvetileba gamodis saqarTvelos saxeliT, romelic TviTon iZens kanonis Zalas da Tu nebayoflobiT ar iqneba Sesrulebuli, aRsruldeba iZulebis ZaliT. _ praqtikaSi am muxlis Sinaarsi gagebulia farTod da gadawyvetilebaSi gulisxmoben ganCinebebsac, amitom, ganCinebebic, gansakuTrebiT roca isini gamoaqvT zemdgom sasamarTloebs, gamodis saqarTvelos saxeliT. garda gadawyvetilebebisa da ganCinebebisa, sasamarTloebs gamoaqvT gadaxdis brZaneba (306-e muxli), droebiTi gankarguleba (355-e muxli). samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba ar moiTxovs am dokumentebis gamotanas sasamarTlos mier saqarTvelos saxeliT. muxli 9. samoqalaqo procesis saqveynooba da samarTalwarmoebis ena 1. sasamarTloSi yvela saqme ganixileba Ria sxdomaze, Tu es ar ewinaaRmdegeba 16 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari saxelmwifo saidumloebis dacvis interesebs. daxurul sxdomaze saqmis ganxilva dasaSvebia agreTve kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul sxva SemTxvevebSi, mxaris motivirebuli Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze. 2. daxurul sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileoben mxareebi da maTi warmomadgenlebi, xolo aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi -_ mowmeebi, eqspertebi, specialistebi da Tarjimnebi. 3. saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba. 4. samarTalwarmoeba xorcieldeba saxelmwifo enaze. saxelmwifo enis armcodne pirs mieCineba Tarjimani. 1. saqarTvelos konstituciis 85-e muxlisa da `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-12 muxlis Sesabamisad samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-9 muxlma daamkvidra saqmis ganxilvis saqveynoobis principi. _ saqveynoobis principi niSnavs konkretul samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvas sasamarTlos Ria sxdomebze mxareebisa da sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi myof pirTa daswrebiT; _ `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-12 muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo sxdomaze kino da foto gadaRebis, audio da video Canaweris akrZalva daiSveba mxolod sasamarTlos motivirebuli ganCinebiT. aseTi akrZalva SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiT; _ sajaroobis principis darRveva aris gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi safuZveli (ix. 394-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqtis komentari). sajaroobis principis darRvevasTan gveqneba saqme, rodesac sasamarTlos ar 17 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali daudgenia saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilva, magram moqalaqeebs, romlebsac surdaT daswrebodnen am saqmis ganxilvas, ar uSvebdnen sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi. amrigad, Tu sasamarTlos ar miuRia gadawyvetileba daxurul sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis Sesaxeb, magram faqtobrivad sxdoma daxurulad mimdinareobda _ es sajaroobis principis darRvevis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli SemTxvevaa, romelic gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas iwvevs; _ kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs sajaroobis principis SezRudvis SesaZleblobas, magaliTad, me-9 muxlis Tanaxmad, saqme daxurul sxdomaze unda iqnes ganxiluli, Tu es aucilebelia saxelmwifo saidumloebis dacvis interesebisaTvis. 351-e muxlis Tanaxmad gadawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb sajarod ar gamocxaddeba. TviTon Svilad ayvanis sakiTxic SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes daxurul sasamarTlo sxdomaze (350e muxlis mesame nawili ); sasamarTlom SeiZleba daadginos daxurul sxdomaze saqmis ganxilva Tu es aucilebelia mxareTa intimuri cxovrebis Sesaxeb cnobebis gavrcelebis Tavidan acilebisaTvis. saqarTvelos konstituciis me-20 muxlis Sesabamisad, yoveli adamianis piradi cxovreba, piradi Canaweri, mimowera, saubari satelefono da sxva saxis teqnikuri saSualebiT, agreTve teqnikuri saSualebiT miRebuli Setyobinebani xelSeuxebelia. es imas niSnavs, rom daxuruli sasamarTlo sxdoma SeiZleba gaimarTos aseTi mimowerisa Tu Canawerebis saidumloebis dacvis mizniT, Tu Sesabamisi mxare Suamdgomlobs amis Sesaxeb. 2. saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daxuros sxdoma mTlianad an nawilobriv. sasamarTlos aseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba. rac Seexeba sasamarTlos ganCinebas mxaris SuamdgomlobiT sxdomis daxurvaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, arc 18 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari aseTi ganCinebis gamotanas da, bunebrivia, arc mis gasaCivrebas samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs. Tu miuxedavad amisa, aseTi ganCineba iqneba gamotanili, arc aseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba. 3. saqarTvelos konstituciis 85-e muxlisa da `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-12-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba cxaddeba saqveynod. am muxlebis azri ar SeiZleba gavigoT ise, TiTqos sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, miRebuli saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilvis Sedegad, yovelTvis unda gamocxaddes saqveynod. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba daxurul sxdomaze unda gamocxaddes, Tu misi sajarod gamocxadebiT saqveynod gaxdeba cnobili yovelive, ris gamoc saqmis ganxilva daixura, agreTve, roca amas kanoni iTvaliswinebs (351-e muxlis pirveli nawili ). 4. me-9 muxlis me-4 nawili, saqarTvelos konstituciis me-8 muxlis Sesabamisad, amkvidrebs princips, romlis Tanaxmad, samarTalwarmoeba xorcieldeba saxelmwifo enaze. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ena aris qarTuli, xolo afxazeTSi agreTve afxazuri. es imas niSnavs, rom afxazeTSi samarTalwarmoeba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc qarTul, ise afxazur enaze. samarTalwarmoebis enis armcodne pirs mieCineba Tarjimani, romlis meSveobiT mas SeuZlia srulad ganaxorcielos yvela is ufleba, rac mas aqvs miniWebuli samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT. Tarjimnis funqcia ar SeiZleba SeiTavsos mosamarTlem, sxdomis mdivanma an saqmeSi monawile romelime sxva pirma. 19 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 10. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa savaldebulooba kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi (ganCinebebi, dadgenilebebi), agreTve Tavisi uflebamosilebis gansaxorcieleblad sasamarTlos mier aRZruli moTxovnebi da gankargulebebi savaldebuloa saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze yvela saxelmwifo, sazogadoebrivi Tu kerZo sawarmosaTvis, dawesebulebisaTvis, organizaciisaTvis, Tanamdebobis pirisa Tu moqalaqisaTvis da isini unda Sesruldes. _ sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa savaldebulooba gamomdinareobs saqarTvelos konstituciis 52-e da `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-4 muxlebidan. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa (ganCinebaTa) savaldebulooba efuZneba kanonis savaldebuloobas, romlis safuZvelzec es gadawyvetilebaa gamotanili. gadawyvetilebis savaldebulooba niSnavs imas, rom: a) es gadawyvetileba ar SeiZleba gauqmdes an Seicvalos romelime saxelmwifo organos, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organos, sajaro Tu kerZo iuridiuli piris da nebismieri Tanamdebobis piris mier. am organoebsa da pirebs ufleba ara aqvT sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebisagan gansxvavebuli gadawyvetileba miiRon saqmeze. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa gauqmeba, Secvla an maTi aRsrulebis, SeCereba SeuZlia mxolod sasamarTlos kanoniT gansazRvruli safuZvlebiTa da wesiT (saqarTvelos konstituciis 84-e muxli); b) saxelmwifo Tu nebismieri sxva organo da Tanamdebobis piri valdebuli arian yovelnairad Seuwyon 20 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari xeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebas, sasamarTlo aRmasruleblis moTxovnebi, mimarTuli kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisaken, savaldebuloa yvelasaTvis; g) saxelmwifo Tu sxva organoebi da Tanamdebobis pirebi valdebuli arian Seasrulon Sesabamisi moqmedebani im uflebaTa gaformebis Tu registraciis mizniT, romlebic dadgenilia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT; d) sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa kanonieri Zala da maTi savaldebulooba SeiZleba gavrceldes mxolod im pirebze, romlebic monawileobdnen ganxilvaSi, an ufro zustad, romlebic mowveuli iyvnen am saqmis ganxilvaSi. amitom, gadawyvetilebis gamotana im mxaris mimarT, romelsac ar miuRia Setyobineba saqmis ganxilvis Sesaxeb, an romelic saerTod ar iyo CarTuli am saqmeSi, aris gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi safuZveli (394-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti ). _ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoeba, rom aseT pirebs SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba zemdgom sasamarTlo instanciebSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom isini saerTod ar iyvnen Cabmuli procesSi mxareebad an Tumca iyvnen Cabmuli, magram ar iyvnen mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaSi. Tu aseTi gadawyvetileba Sevida kanonier ZalaSi, maSin maT SeuZliaT mimarTon sasamarTlos gancxadebiT saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb (422-e muxlis `b~ da „g“ qvepunqtebi). 21 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i II uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba muxli 11. samoqalaqo saqmeebis uwyebrivi daqvemdebareba sasamarTloebisadmi 1. samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT sasamarTlo ganixilavs saqmeebs darRveuli Tu sadavod qceuli uflebis, agreTve kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli interesebis dacvis Sesaxeb, kerZod: a) samoqalaqo, saojaxo, Sromis, saadgilmamulo, bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebisa da garemos dacvis urTierTobebidan warmoSobil davebs moqalaqeebs, moqalaqeebsa da iuridiul pirebs, agreTve iuridiul pirebs Soris; b) (amoRebulia) g) (amoRebulia) d) (amoRebulia) e) saqmeebs sazogadoebriv da religiur organizaciebs Soris davis Sesaxeb; v) udavo warmoebis saqmeebs. z) saqmeebs reketuli qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT. 2. kanoniT, sasamarTloebs SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros sxva kategoriis saqmeTa ganxilvac. 3. zemoT CamoTvlil saqmeebs sasamarTloebi ganixilaven, Tu maTi ganxilva, kanonis Tanaxmad, sxva organos kompetenciaSi ar Sedis. 4. sasamarTloebi ganixilaven saqmeebs, romlebic saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebidan 22 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari gamomdinareobs, agreTve im saqmeebs, romlebSic monawileoben ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebi, moqalaqeobis armqone pirebi, sawarmoebi da organizaciebi. nebismieri organo, romelic Seiqmna da arsebobs ama Tu im saxelmwifoSi, valdebulia imoqmedos Tavisi uflebamosilebis farglebSi da ar gascdes am farglebs. rogorc ki romelime organo gascdeba Tavisi uflebamosilebis farglebs, igi iWreba sxva organos kompetenciaSi, e. i. iRebs Tavis Tavze iseTi sakiTxis gadaWris uflebamosilebas, romelic mas ki ara, sxva organos aqvs mikuTvnebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba _ esaa im uflebamosilebaTa erToblioba da farglebi, romelic ama Tu im organos aqvs gansazRvruli. 1. sasamarTlos, iseve rogorc nebismier sxva organos, zustad aqvs gansazRvruli uflebamosilebaTa sfero da farglebi da igi bunebrivia ar SeiZleba gascdes am sferosa da farglebs. am mosazrebiTaa ganpirobebuli 272-e muxlis moTxovna, romlis Tanaxmad sasamarTlom unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba, Tu saqme ar unda iqnes ganxiluli sasamarTloSi imis gamo, rom kanonis Tanaxmad misi ganxilva sxva uwyebis kompetenciaSi Sedis. 2. amrigad, sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba (kompetencia, iurisdiqcia) kanoniT gansazRvrul im uflebamosilebaTa erTobliobaa, romelTa farglebSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos da ganixilos saqmeebi; _ sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis Semowmeba SeuZliaT saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloebs Tavisi iniciativiT (377-e muxlis me-4 nawili da 404-e muxlis me-3 nawili). mxedvelobaSia misaRebi isic, rom gadawyvetilebis gamotana saqmeze, romelic sasamarTlos uwyebrivad ar eqvemdebareba, aris am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis 23 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali absoluturi (udavo) safuZveli (394-e muxlis `g~ qvepunqti). 3. me-11 muxli Seicavs im urTierTobebis mxolod sanimuSo CamonaTvals, romlebidanac warmoSobil davebs ganixilavs sasamarTlo. aseT CamonaTvals Seicavs agreTve saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis me-2 muxli.3 es CamonaTvali marTalia farToa, magram araa amomwuravi. kriteriumi unda iyos erTi _ yovel dainteresebul pirs unda hqondes SesaZlebloba mimarTos sasamarTlos Tavisi uflebis dasacavad, Tu es ufleba samarTliT regulirebuli urTierTobidan gamomdinareobs, damoukideblad imisa, samarTlis romeli dargiT regulirdeba urTierToba, saidanac es sadavo ufleba warmoiSva. eWvs gareSea, rom es kriteriumi damkvidrebulia konstituciis 42-e muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad, `yovel adamians ufleba aqvs Tavis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dasacavad mimarTos sasamarTlos~ da rom `dacvis ufleba garantirebulia~. 4. me-11 muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad, sasamarTloebi ganixilaven saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlebrivi urTierTobebidan warmoSobil davebs. saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis saerTaSoriso kompetenciis (gansjadobis) SemTxvevebs, agreTve saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis gansakuTrebul saerTaSoriso kompetencias gansazRvravs saqarTvelos kanoni `saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ (me-8-20 muxlebi). muxli 12. davis gadacema gansaxilvelad arbitraJisaTvis qonebrivi dava, mxareTa SeTanxmebiT, SeiZleba gadaeces gansaxilvelad arbitraJs. 3. maia vaCaZe, inga Todria, paata turava, naTia wkeplaZe. saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis komentari, Tb. 2005, gv 15. 24 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 1997 wlis 17 aprils miRebul iqna saqarTvelos kanoni `kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~. am kanonis pirveli muxlis Tanaxmad, pirebs Soris wamoWrili samoqalaqo dava maTive SeTanxmebiT SeiZleba gansaxilvelad gadaeces mudmivmoqmed an am davisaTvis sagangebod Seqmnil droebiT kerZo arbitraJs. aseTi SeTanaxmeba ideba werilobiTi formiT. `kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis pirveli muxli ar Seesabameba samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-12 muxls, romlis Tanaxmad kerZo arbitraJs SeiZleba gansaxilvelad gadaeces mxolod `qonebrivi dava~. samoqalaqo dava ufro farToa, vidre qonebrivi dava. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis pirveli muxlis Tanaxmad, `es kodeqsi awesrigebs pirTa Tanasworobaze damyarebul kerZo xasiaTis qonebriv, saojaxo da pirad urTierTobebs~. amrigad, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-12 muxlis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT SeTanxmdnen mxolod qonebrivi xasiaTis davebisa da ara mTlianad yovelgvari samoqalaqo davis kerZo arbitraJSi ganxilvis Sesaxeb. _ kolizia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqssa da `kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanons Soris unda gadawydes samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis sasargeblod, vinaidan igi aris specialuri kanoni, romelic gansazRvravs samoqalaqo davebis gansjadobasa da ganxilvis wesebs. aqedan gamomdinare, mxareTa SeTanxmebas araqonebrivi xasiaTis davebis arbitraJSi ganxilvis Sesaxeb, ar aqvs sasamarTlosaTvis savaldebulo Zala da aseTi dava SeiZleba ganixilos sasamarTlom, miuxedavad imisa, arsebobs Tu ara mxareTa saarbitraJo SeTanxmeba. sxva mxriv, mxareTa saarbitraJo SeTanxmeba qonebrivi davebis arbitraJis mier ganxilvis Sesaxeb, savaldebuloa sasamarTlosaTvis da man ar unda miiRos sarCeli gansaxilvelad Tu aseTi SeTanxmeba arsebobs (186- 25 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali e muxlis `d~ qvepunqti), xolo Tu igi SecdomiTaa miRebuli _ Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba (272 -e muxlis `v~ qvepunqti). _ Tu mxareTa werilobiTi SeTanxmeba qonebrivi davis kerZo arbitraJSi ganxilvis Sesaxeb dadebulia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-12 muxlis farglebSi, am SeTanxmebis calmxrivad moSla dauSvebelia. mxareebs SeuZliaT mxolod aseve urTierTSeTanxmebiT Secvalon TavianTi pirvandeli SeTanxmeba da davis gansaxilvelad mimarTon sasamarTlos, rac agreTve werilobiT unda gaformdes; aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda miiRos sarCeli gansaxilvelad (`kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 30-e muxli). _ saarbitraJo sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba savaldebuloa mxareebisaTvis da igi SeiZleba aRsruldes iZulebiTi wesiT (`saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-2 muxlis pirveli punqtis `z~ qvepunqti). _ saarbitraJo gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gaasaCivron sasamarTloSi mxareebma (`kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 43-e da 44-e muxlebi). 26 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari T a v i III gansjadoba muxli 13. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gansjadi samoqalaqo saqmeebi 1. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo pirveli instanciiT ganixilavs sasamarTlosadmi uwyebrivad daqvemdebarebul samoqalaqo saqmeebs. 2. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi SeiZleba Sediodes magistrati mosamarTle, romelic ganixilavs am kodeqsis me-14 muxliT gaTvaliswinebul saqmeebs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos samoqmedo teritoriaze arsebul administraciul-teritoriul erTeulebSi. 3. im administraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi, sadac ar moqmedebs magistrati mosamarTle, agreTve misi aryofnis SemTxvevaSi, am kodeqsis me-14 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli saqmeebi SeiZleba ganixilos raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlem. 4. Tu arsebobs erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovna, romelTagan erT-erTi ar ganekuTvneba magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmes, saqmes ganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTle. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs sasamarTlos uwyebriv qvemdebareobas (saqveuwyebobas) da gansjadobas. sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba pasuxobs kiTx27 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali vaze: ganekuTvneba Tu ara saqme saerTo sasamarTloebs, Sedis Tu ara am saqmis ganxilva saerTo sasamarTloebis kompetenciaSi (iurisdiqciaSi). mas Semdeg, rac es sakiTxi dadebiTad gadawydeba, wamoiWreba meore sakiTxi: romelma sasamarTlom unda ganixilos uwyebrivad saerTo sasamarTloebisadmi daqvemdebarebuli konkretuli samoqalaqo saqme. am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad arsebobs samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis meore instituti, romelsac gansjadoba ewodeba. 1. me-13 muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad sasamarTloebisadmi uwyebrivad qvemdebare saqmeebs pirveli instanciiT ganixilaven raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebi. Sesabamisad gansjadoba awesrigebs saqmeebis ganawilebis sakiTxs calkeuli raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebis mixedviT (me-15-24-e muxlebi). Tu sasamarTlom ganixila aragansjadi saqme, am saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba yovelTvis araa dasaSvebi. magaliTad, Tu ar aris kanoniT dadgenili erTmniSvnelovnad gansjadi sasamarTlo, maSin mxareebs SeuZliaT daadginon urTierTSeTanxmebiT sasamarTlos gansjadoba (21-e muxli). aragansjadi sasamarTlo SeiZleba gansjadi gaxdes im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac mopasuxe amis winaaRmdegi ar aris da Tanaxmaa monawileoba miiRos aragansjadi sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvaSi (21-e muxli). 2. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi SeiZleba Sediodes magistrati mosamarTle, romelic moqmedebs am raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos teritoriaze misTvis gankuTvnil administraciulteritoriul erTeulSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi magistrati mosamarTle ganixilavs me-14 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli kategoriis saqmeebs. 3. magistrati mosamarTlis gansjadi saqme (me-14 muxli) SeiZleba ganixilos raionuli (saqalaqo) 28 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlem mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos administraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi ar moqmedebs magistrati mosamarTle, an ama Tu im mizezis gamo (Svebuleba, avadmyofoba) igi ar imyofeba Tavis samoqmedo teritoriaze. 4. mosarCeles SeuZlia erT sarCelSi gaaerTianos am sasamarTlos gansjadi ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovna. garda amisa Tu sasamarTlos warmoebaSia ramdenime erTgvarovani da erTmaneTTan samarTlebrivad dakavSirebuli saqme, sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT, an mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gaaerTianos es saqmeebi (182-e muxli). me-13 muxlis me-4 nawili krZalavs magistrati mosamarTlis mier saqmis ganxilvas, Tu am gaerTianebuli moTxovnebidan erT-erTi mainc ar ganekuTvneba mis gansjadobas. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqme mTlianad unda ganixilos raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlem. muxli 14. magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi samoqalaqo saqmeebi magistrati mosamarTleebi pirveli instanciiT ganixilaven Semdeg saqmeebs: a) qonebriv davebs, Tu sarCelis fasi ar aRemateba 2000 lars; b) udavo da gamartivebuli warmoebis saqmeebs, garda Svilad ayvanis, agreTve gamartivebuli wesiT gadaxdis da qonebis upatronod cnobis saqmeebisa, Tu moTxovnis an qonebis Rirebuleba aRemateba 2000 larsK; g) saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare davebs, garda Svilad ayvanis, mSoblis uflebis CamorTmevis, mamobis dadgenis da ganqorwinebis saqmeebisa, Tu 29 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali meuRleebs Soris arsebobs dava bavSvis mikuTvnebis Taobaze d) amoRebulia (13.07.2006 #3435) me-14 muxli amomwuravad gansazRvravs magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjad saqmeebs. es imas niSnavs, rom garda am muxlSi miTiTebuli saqmeebisa, maT ar SeuZliaT ganixilon sxva saqmeebi. magistrat mosamarTles ufleba ara aqvs gaafarTovos an Sewyvitos kanoniT gansazRvruli misTvis gansjadi saqmeebis wre. magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadia: a) sasarCelo warmoebis wesiT aRZruli nebismieri qonebrivi dava, Tu sarCelis fasi ar aRemateba 2000 lars. sarCelis fass anu davis sagnis fass miuTiTebs mosarCele. mosamarTles mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia gansazRvros davis sagnis Rirebuleba, Tu mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli fasi aSkarad ar Seesabameba sadavo qonebis realur Rirebulebas. davis sagnis fasis gansazRvra xdeba me-40 da 41-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. araqonebrivi davebi, Tu isini ar gamomdinareoben am muxlis „b“ da „g“ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebuli urTierTobebidan, magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi araa. b) me-14 muxlis „b” qvepunqtis azrisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadia: 1. udavo warmoebis wesiT gansaxilveli nebismieri saqme, romlebic CamoTvlilia ssk meeqvse karSi (310-e muxli), garda Svilad ayvanisa (349-e-351-e muxlebi da qonebis upatronod cnobisa (337-e-341-e muxlebi), Tu am qonebis Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 2000 lars. 2. gamartivebuli wesiT gansaxilveli nebismieri saqme, romlebic CamoTvlilia ssk mexuTe karSi (292-e3097-e muxlebi) garda davalianebis gadaxdevinebis 30 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Sesaxeb saqmeebisa, Tu gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb moTxovnis Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 2000 lars. g) magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadia saojaxo samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare nebismieri dava, garda saqmeebisa: 1. Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb. rogorc vxedavT arc udavo warmoebis wesiT (ix. zemoT „b” qvepunqtis komentari) da arc sadavo anu sasarCelo warmoebis wesiT Svilad ayvanis saqmis ganxilva ar Sedis magistrat mosamarTleTa kompetenciaSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom Svilad ayvana kidev erTxelaa moxseniebuli 312-e muxlis „g” qvepunqtSi, magram aq mxedvelobaSia ara Svilad ayvanis saqmis ganxilva, aramed Svilad ayvanis registraciis faqtis dadgena, anu iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac Svilad ayvanas hqonda adgili, magram am faqtis registraciis dadgena sxva gziT SeuZlebelia, radgan aseTi registraciis masalebi ama Tu im mizeziT ganadgurebulia. Svilad ayvanis registraciis faqtis dadgena magistrat mosamarTlis mier kanoniT pirdapir araa akrZaluli, rac imas niSnavs, rom magistrat mosamarTles SeuZlia am faqtis dadgena. 2. mSoblis uflebis CamorTmevis Sesaxeb, rasac iTvaliswinebs samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1205-e muxli4. 3. mamobis dadgenis Sesaxeb. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1190-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad Svilis warmoSoba dauqorwinebeli mSoblebisagan dgindeba samoqalaqo reestris saagentos teritoriul samsaxurSi mSoblebis mier erToblivi gancxadebis SetaniT. amave muxlis me-2 nawilis mixedviT, Tu arsebobs mSobelTa erToblivi gancxadeba mamoba SeiZleba dadgindes sasamarTlos wesiT, romelsac ganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo. ________________________ 4 ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari. wigni mexuTe. t. I. 31 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 4. ganqorwinebis Sesaxeb saqmeebs, romlebsac ganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo. ganqorwinebis saqmeebs ganixilavs magistrati mosamarTle mxolod erTi pirobiT Tu gansaqorwinebel meuRleebs Soris ar arsebobs dava bavSvis mikuTvnebis Taobaze. rac Seexeba saqmeebs qorwinebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb, isini SeiZleba ganixilos mxolod raionulma (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebma. muxli 15. saerTo gansjadoba 1. sasamarTlos sarCeli waredgineba mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. sarCeli iuridiuli piris mimarT sasamarTlos waredgineba iuridiuli piris adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. arasasarCelo warmoebis dros gansjadoba ganisazRvreba im piris sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, romlis winaaRmdegac mimarTulia gancxadeba (saCivari). 11 . sarCelebi (gancxadebebi) am kodeqsis me-14 muxliT gaTvaliswinebul saqmeebze sasamarTloSi Seitaneba magistrati mosamarTlis samoqmedo teritoriis mixedviT, xolo im administraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi, sadac ar moqmedebs magistrati mosamarTle - raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi. 2. Tu mopasuxes ar aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili, sarCeli ganixileba sasamarTloSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze misi adgilsamyoflis mixedviT, xolo Tu mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia, maSin sarCeli Se- 32 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari iZleba aRiZras misi ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. 1. me-15 muxli gansazRvravs teritoriuli gansjadobis saerTo wess. am saerTo wesis mixedviT xdeba nebismieri sarCelis (gancxadebis) aRZvra sasamarTloSi, Tu kanonmdeblobiT sxva ram araa dadgenili. gamonaklisebs am saerTo wesidan samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-16-24-e muxlebi warmoadgenen, romlebic gansjadobis sakiTxebs awesrigeben. a) fizikur pirebs SeiZleba hqondeT ramdenime sacxovrebeli bina Tu saxli, xolo aqedan gamomdinare ramdenime sacxovrebeli adgili. amitom SeiZleba wamoiWras sakiTxi: romeli adgili iTvleba mopasuxis sacxovrebel adgilad? samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, `fizikuri piris sacxovrebel adgilad miiCneva adgili, romelsac igi Cveulebriv sacxovrebel adgilad irCevs. pirs SeiZleba hqondes ramdenime sacxovrebeli adgili~. amJamad saqarTveloSi Caweris nacvlad SemoRebulia registracia. es imas niSnavs, rom fizikuri piris mimarT sarCeli aRiZvreba sasamarTloSi mopasuxis saregistracio aRricxvis adgilis mixedviT. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom sasamarTlo ar axdens mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis dadgenas. mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis miTiTebis movaleoba ekisreba TviTon mosarCeles (ix. 178-e muxlis komentari). sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras arasrulwlovnebis mimarTac. `arasrulwlovanis sacxovrebel adgilad iTvleba mSoblis uflebis mqone mSoblebis sacxovrebeli adgili~ (samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-20 muxlis me-2 nawili). es imas niSnavs, rom sarCelebi arasrulwlovnebis mimarT unda aRiZras sasamarTloSi kanonieri warmomadgenlebis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, Tundac arasrulwlovnebi sxvagan cxovrobdnen. rac Seexeba araqmedunarianad an SezRudulqmedunarianad 33 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali aRiarebul pirebs, sarCelebi SeiZleba aRiZras maTi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. rac Seexeba iseT pirebs, romlebic ixdian sasjels an imyofebian sagamoZiebo izolaciaSi, sarCelebi maT mimarT aRiZvris maTi ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT an qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT; b) sarCelebi iuridiuli pirebis mimarT sasamarTlos waredgineba am iuridiuli pirebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. gansjadobis am wesebzea agebuli samoqalaqo kodeqsisa da `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis Sesabamisi normebi. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 31-e muxlis me-3 nawilis Tanaxmad, kavSiris registraciisaTvis aucilebeli masalebi waredgineba kavSiris adgilsamyoflis mixedviT arsebul sasamarTlos. amave kodeqsis 32-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `g~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, kavSiris Sesaxeb wesdeba unda Seicavdes adgilsamyofels (iuridiul misamarTs). es imas niSnavs, rom sarCelebi kavSiris (fondis) mimarT waredgineba sasamarTlos maTive wesdebaSi miTiTebuli misamarTis mixedviT.5 igive wesia damkvidrebuli `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-5 muxliT. am muxlis Tanaxmad gancxadeba reestrSi registraciis Sesaxeb Seitaneba sazogadoebis iuridiuli misamarTis mixedviT, romelic aucileblad unda iyos miTiTebuli sazogadoebis wesdebaSi;6 g) sasarCelo warmoebis gverdiT samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi awesrigebs udavo warmoebas da gamartivebul warmoebas. udavo warmoebis wesiT sasamarTlo ganixilavs saqmeebs saerTo wesebiT (ix. 311-e muxli). amasTan erTad, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi adgens gamonaklisebs am saerTo wesebidan. magaliTad, gancxadeba iuridiuli mniSvnelobis faqtebis dadgenis SesaqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni pirveli, Tb., 1999, gv. 72. 6 . l. Wanturia, T.niniZe, mewarmeTa Sesaxeb kanonis komentari, g-ba „samarTali“, Tb., 2002, gv.81. 5. 34 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari saxeb Seitaneba sasamarTloSi ganmcxadeblis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, xolo gancxadeba moqalaqis SezRudulqmedunarianad an qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb Seitaneba sasamarTloSi am moqalaqis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT (322-e muxli). 2. me-15 muxlis 11 nawili gansazRvravs magistrat mosamarTleTa teritoriuli gansjadobis sakiTxs: magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjad saqmeebze sarCelebi da gancxadebebi Seitaneba magistrat mosamarTlis samoqmedo teritoriis mixedviT. magaliTad, magistrat mosamarTlis samoqmedo teritoriaa vanis raioni, xolo mosarCele (ganmcxadebeli) cxovrobs am raionis teritoriaze. man sarCeli unda Seitanos magistrat mosamarTlis saxelze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu vanis administraciul teritoriul erTeulSi ar moqmedebs magistrati mosamarTle - sarCeli (gancxadeba) Setanili unda iqnes samtrediis raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, romelsac ganixilavs am sasamarTlos mosamarTle. saqmis gadacema gansaxilvelad im administraciul teritoriuli erTeulidan, sadac ar moqmedebs magistrati mosamarTle am raionis (qalaqis) sxva administraciul teritoriul erTeulSi moqmedi magistrati mosamarTlisaTvis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli araa. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmeebs ganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos mosamarTle. 3. me-15 muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs gansjadobas iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mopasuxes ara aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili. amasTan, erTmaneTisagan ansxvavebs mopasuxis `sacxovrebel adgils~ da mis `adgilsamyofels~. sacxovrebel adgilad miCneul unda iqnes mopasuxis registraciis adgili, magram Tu aseTi adgili cnobili araa, maSin sarCeli SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi mopasuxis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. cxadia, mxedvelobaSia ara misi moklevadiani yofna ama Tu im adgilas, aramed sakmaod xangrZlivi droiT misi yofna am adgilas, rac SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos ama Tu im samuSaos SesrulebiT, xangrZlivi mivlinebiT, mkur35 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali nalobiT da a. S. sakiTxi, Tu drois ra monakveTia sakmarisi, rom sasamarTlom miiRos da ganixilos sarCeli _ damokidebulia TviTon sasamarTlos mixedulebaze. yvela SemTxvevaSi, es vada ar unda iyos samoqalaqo saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis orTvian vadaze meti. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sasamarTloSi gansjadobis wesebis dacviT saqmis warmoebis gaxsnis Semdeg mopasuxem Seicvalos sacxovrebeli adgili, magram es ver gaxdeba gansjadobis Secvlisa da sxva sasamarTlosaTvis am saqmis gadacemis safuZveli ( 22-e muxli). muxli 16. gansakuTrebuli gansjadoba 1. sarCeli ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT sasamarTlos waredgineba erT-erTi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. 2. xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare sarCelebi sasamarTlos waredgineba xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis adgilis an im adgilis mixedviT, sadac xelSekruleba unda Sesrulebuliyo. 3. sarCeli, romelic gamomdinareobs iuridiuli piris filialis saqmianobidan, sasamarTlos waredgineba filialis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT. 4. sarCelebi kanonismier an anderZismier memkvidreobasTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlos waredgineba mamkvidreblis gardacvalebamde misi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. Tu mamkvidrebeli saqarTvelos moqalaqea, magram gardacvalebis momentisTvis igi sazRvargareT cxovrobda, sasamarTloSi sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras saqarTveloSi misi 36 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli adgilis an samkvidro qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. 1. me-16 muxlis pirveli nawili, uwinares yovlisa, iTvaliswinebs mosarCelis interesebs _ uadvilebs mas saqmis warmoebas sasamarTloSi, roca aRZravs sarCels ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT. ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT sarCelis aRZvra ki SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos sxvadasxva mizeziT, magaliTad, mosarCelis qonebas an janmrTelobas erTad miayena ziani ramdenime pirma, romlebic sxvadasxva raionis (qalaqis) teritoriaze cxovroben. aseT da sxva analogiur SemTxvevebSi mosarCeles SeuZlia airCios sasamarTlo erT-erTi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. _ gansjadoba erT-erTi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT gansxvavdeba alternatiuli gansjadobisagan. alternatiuli gansjadobis dros mosarCeles SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis, misi adgilmdebareobis an misi qonebis mdebareobis mixedviT, xolo gansjadoba me16 muxlis pirveli nawilis mixedviT uflebas aZlevs mosarCeles airCios sasamarTlo mxolod erT-erTi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, rac ar cvlis teritoriuli gansjadobis zogad princips. 2. xelSekrulebis an am xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare valdebulebis Sesrulebis adgilad iTvleba is adgili, romelic am xelSekrulebiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 362-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu Sesrulebis adgili ar aris gansazRvruli, maSin unda vixelmZRvaneloT valdebulebaTa urTierTobis arsiT. magaliTad, nagebobis remontis valdebulebis Sesrulebis adgili iqneba is adgili, sadac es nageboba mdebareobs. Tu Sesrulebis adgili arc TviTon xelSekrulebidan da arc misi Sesrulebis arsidan ar gamomdinareobs, maSin xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis adgili individualurad gansazRvruli sagnis SemTxvevaSi iqneba is adgili, sadac es sagani imyofeboda xelSekru37 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali lebis dadebis momentisaTvis, gvareobiT gansazRvruli sagnis SemTxvevaSi _ adgili, sadac imyofeba movalis sawarmo, xolo Tu aseTi ar aris, maSin misi sacxovrebeli adgili (iuridiuli misamarTi).7 magaliTad, agaris Saqris sawarmos warmomadgenlobam dado xelSekruleba q. foTSi Saqris garkveuli raodenobis miwodebis Sesaxeb. xelSekrulebiTi valdebulebis Sesrulebis adgilad, Tu es ar aris gansazRvruli TviTon xelSekrulebaSi, unda CaiTvalos adgili, sadac mdebareobs agaris Saqris sawarmo. es imas niSnavs, rom sarCeli unda aRiZras im sasamarTloSi, romlis teritoriaze mdebareobs movale sawarmo, anu agaris Saqris sawarmo. 3. me-16 muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs gansjadobas iuridiuli piris filialis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT. iuridiuli piris filiali gancalkevebuli qvedanayofia, romelic mdebareobs iuridiuli piris adgilsamyoflis gareT da axorcielebs im iuridiuli piris funqciebs, romlis qvedanayofic is aris (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 28-e muxli). _ imisaTvis, rom sarCeli aRiZras iuridiuli piris filialis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT, savaldebuloa erTi piroba: sarCeli unda gamomdinareobdes iuridiuli piris filialis (da ara TviTon iuridiuli piris) saqmianobidan. 4. nebismieri sarCeli, romelic gamomdinareobs kanonismieri an anderZismieri memkvidreobidan, waredgineba sasamarTlos im sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, sadac cxovrobda mamkvidrebeli gardacvalebamde. me-16 muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs gansjadobas im SemTxvevaSic, roca mamkvidrebeli saqarTvelos moqalaqe iyo da gardacvalebis momentisaTvis igi sazRvargareT cxovrobda. aseT SemTxvevaSi kanoni uSvebs 7. z. axvlediani, valdebulebiTi samarTali, meore gamocema, Tb., 1999, gv. 46-47. 38 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari alternatiul gansjadobas: sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras sasamarTloSi mamkvidreblis ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli adgilis, an samkvidro qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. muxli 17. sarCelis aRZvra mopasuxis mimarT, romelsac saqarTveloSi ar aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili (qonebrivi gansjadoba) sarCeli im mopasuxis mimarT, romelsac saqarTveloSi ara aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili, sasamarTlos SeiZleba waredginos mopasuxis qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT, xolo Tu moTxovna uzrunvelyofilia raime nivTiT, sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras am nivTis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. _ me-17 muxli gansazRvravs gansjadobas im SemTxvevisaTvis, rodesac mopasuxes saqarTveloSi ar aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili. aq igulisxmeba mopasuxe, romelic saqarTvelos moqalaqea, Tumca ar aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili. amrigad, sarCeli mopasuxis mimarT, romelic saqarTvelos moqalaqea, magram saqarTveloSi ar aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili, SeiZleba aRiZras aseTi mopasuxis qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT, xolo Tu moTxovna uzrunvelyofilia raime nivTiT _ am nivTis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. _ moTxovnis raime nivTiT uzrunvelyofaSi aq uwinares yovlisa igulisxmeba materialur-samarTlebrivi uzrunvelyofis saSualebebi, magaliTad, girao da ipoTeka,8 magram ar aris gamoricxuli jer araRZruli 8. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meore, Tb., 1999, gv.193. 39 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali sarCelis uzrunvelyofa da Sesabamisad sarCelis aRvZra aseTi mopasuxis yadaRadadebuli qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT (192-e muxli). muxli 18. nivTobrivi gansjadoba 1. sarCeli sakuTrebis uflebis, qonebis uflebrivi datvirTvis an aseTi datvirTvisagan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, agreTve qonebis gayofasTan, ganawilebasa da flobasTan dakavSirebuli sarCeli, Tu dava exeba uZrav nivTebze, maT Soris, miwis nakveTze uflebas, SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi nivTebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. 2. nivTobriv gansjadobas ganekuTvneba sarCeli, romelic mimarTulia uZravi nivTis mesakuTris an mflobelis winaaRmdeg, agreTve sarCeli, romelic aRZrulia uZravi nivTis dazianebis an zaralis anazRaurebis gamo. me-18 muxli Seicavs im sarCelebis amomwurav CamonaTvals, romlebic SeiZleba aRiZras nivTebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. amasTan erTad, mxedvelobaSia mxolod uZravi nivTebi, maT Soris miwis nakveTi. 1. me-18 muxlis pirveli nawili amkvidrebs aq CamoTvlili sarCelebis nivTebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT aRZvris SesaZleblobas. es imas niSnavs, rom es sarCelebi SeiZleba aRiZras agreTve saerTo gansjadobis, e. i. mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis (adgilsamyoflis) mixedviT, mosarCelis arCeviT. 2. nivTobrivi gansjadobis wesiT, e. i. nivTebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT, SeiZleba aRiZras sarCeli uZravi nivTis mesakuTris an mflobelis winaaRmdeg, magaliTad, sarCeli sxvisi ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, sarCeli mesakuTris mier uf40 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari lebis borotad gamoyenebis aRkveTis Sesaxeb, sarCeli uZravi nivTis dazianebis an zaralis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb. muxli 19. ojaxuri davebis gansjadoba 1. sarCeli qorwinebis Sewyvetis, qorwinebis baTilad cnobis, agreTve qorwinebis arsebobisa Tu ararsebobis dadgenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi meuRleebis erToblivi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. Tu sarCelis Setanis droisaTvis aseTi adgili ar arsebobs, maSin sarCeli SeiZleba Setanil iqnes mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, xolo Tu mas ar gaaCnia sacxovrebeli adgili saqarTveloSi, maSin saqmes ganixilavs sasamarTlo mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. 2. Tu mosarCelesTan cxovroben arasrulwlovani Svilebi, rac aZnelebs mis gamocxadebas sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, saqme SeiZleba mosarCelis TxovniT gairCes sasamarTloSi misi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. 3. amoRebulia 4. sarCeli mamobis dadgenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes sasamarTloSi bavSvis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. 5. sarCeli alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes sasamarTloSi mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. 1. me-19 muxli uflebas aZlevs mosarCeles gadauxvios me-15 muxliT gansazRvrul saerTo gansjadobis 41 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali wess, romlis Tanaxmad sarCeli sasamarTlos waredgineba mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. saerTo gansjadobis wesidan aseTi gadaxvevis SesaZlebloba zogjer gamowveulia mosarCelisaTvis SeRavaTiani pirobebis SeqmniT, bavSvis interesebiT, sxva raionSi an qalaqSi gamgzavrebis siZneleebiT da a. S. 2. swored am mosazrebebiTaa nakarnaxevi me-19 muxlis meore nawilSi Camoyalibebuli wesi, romlis Tanaxmad sarCeli qorwinebis Sewyvetis, baTilad cnobis, agreTve qorwinebis arsebobisa Tu ararsebobis dadgenis Sesaxeb, Setanil unda iqnes sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, magram Tu mosarCelesTan cxovroben arasrulwlovani Svilebi, saqme SeiZleba mosarCelis TxovniT gairCes sasamarTloSi misi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. amrigad, imisaTvis, rom aseTi saqme gairCes sasamarTloSi mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, unda arsebobdes mosarCelis werilobiTi Txovna sasamarTlosadmi imis Sesaxeb, rom masTan cxovroben arasrulwlovani Svilebi, rac aZnelebs mis gamocxadebas sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, ris gamoc iTxovs saqmis ganxilvas sasamarTloSi Tavisi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. 3. aseTive mosazrebebiTaa ganpirobebuli me-19 muxlis me-3 da me-4 nawilebiT gaTvaliswinebuli mamobis dadgenisa da alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb sarCelebis aRZvris SesaZlebloba, Sesabamisad bavSvisa da mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, rac ar arTmevs uflebas mosarCeles aRZras sarCeli saerTo gansjadobis mixedviT, e. i. mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. muxli 20. gansjadoba mosarCelis arCeviT sasamarTlos arCevis ufleba, Tu saqme 42 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ramdenime sasamarTlos gansjadia, ekuTvnis mosarCeles. _ yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs sarCelis aRZvris SesaZleblobas ramdenime sasamarTloSi, maSin mosarCeles SeuZlia TviTon airCios aseTi sasamarTlo. magaliTad, sarCeli alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes sasamarTloSi, rogorc mopasuxis, ise mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. romel sasamarTlos mimarTos mosarCelem, damokidebulia mis arCevanze. muxli 21. SeTanxmeba gansjadobis Sesaxeb 1. Tu ar aris dadgenili erTmniSvnelovnad gansjadi sasamarTlo, maSin mxareebs SeuZliaT SeTanxmebis gziT daadginon sasamarTlos gansjadoba. SeTanxmeba formdeba werilobiT. 2. aragansjadi sasamarTlo SeiZleba gansjadi gaxdes im SemTxvevaSic, Tu mopasuxe winaaRmdegi ar aris, rom saqme ganixilos aragansjadma sasamarTlom da Tanaxmaa monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, amasTan, Tu mopasuxe warmodgenili iqneba advokatiT an miecema ganmarteba sasamarTlos aragansjadobisa da misi Sedegebis, agreTve imis Sesaxeb, rom mas ufleba aqvs wamoayenos Sesagebeli aragansjadobis winaaRmdeg. sasamarTlos mier mopasuxisaTvis aseTi ganmartebis micemis Sesaxeb unda aRiniSnos sasamarTlo oqmSi. 1. gansjadobis ori saxis Secvla ar SeiZleba mxareTa SeTanxmebiT. esaa gansakuTrebuli gansjadoba da 43 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali gvareobiTi gansjadoba. gansakuTrebuli gansjadoba Camoyalibebulia me-16 muxlSi, xolo gvareobiTi gansjadoba me-13 da me-14 muxlebSi, agreTve saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis me-5 da me-6 muxlebSi. gvareobiTi gansjadoba _ esaa samoqalaqo da administraciul saqmeTa ganawileba sxvadasxva donis (rgolis) sasamarTloebs Soris: magaliTad, raionuli sasamarTlos gansjad saqmeebs ver ganixilavs magistrati mosamarTle (me-13 da me-14 muxlebi) mxareTa SeTanxmeba gansjadobis Sesaxeb werilobiT unda Camoyalibdes an TviTon mxareTa mier dadebul werilobiT garigebaSi (magaliTad, werilobiT gaformebuli qiravnobis xelSekrulebaSi), an specialurad gansjadobis Sesaxeb dadebul SeTanxmebaSi. Tu mxareTa werilobiTi SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad, samoqalaqo saqme ganixila aragansjadma sasamarTlom, maSin mxares erTmeva ufleba daasabuTos Tavisi saCivari zemdgom sasamarTloSi aragansjadobis meSveobiT da moiTxovos gadawvetilebis (ganCinebis) gauqmeba im motiviT, rom saqme aragansjadma sasamarTlom ganixila. 2. 21-e muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, aragansjadi sasamarTlo SeiZleba gansjadi gaxdes mxareTa winaswari werilobiTi SeTanxmebis gareSec, oRond amisaTvis aucilebelia ramdenime pirobis arseboba. es pirobebia: a) mopasuxe Tanaxmaa monawileoba miiRos aragansjadi sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvaSi da aseTi misi Tanxmoba Setanil unda iqnes oqmSi; b) mopasuxe warmodgenilia advokatiT, xolo, Tu mas ar yavs advokati, maSin mieca ganmarteba imis Sesaxeb, rom aragansjadobis motiviT gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba ar iqneba gaziarebuli zemdgomi sasamarTlos mier, Tu is ar gamoiyenebs Tavis uflebas ganucxados protesti aragansjad sasamarTlos saqmis ganxilvis winaaRmdeg; g) mopasuxisaTvis aseTi ganmartebis micemis Sesaxeb unda aRiniSnos sasamarTlos oqmSi. 44 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari _ amrigad, imisaTvis, rom aragansjadma sasamarTlom ganixilos saqme, aucilebelia mxareTa winaswari werilobiTi SeTanxmeba, rac sarCelis aRZvras unda uswrebdes win da aseTi SeTanxmeba unda daerTos sarCels. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ar miiRebs mis aragansjad sarCels (186-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqti). magram Tu aragansjadobis sakiTxi gairkveva mogvianebiT, e. i. saqmis momzadebis Tu misi arsebiTad ganxilvis etapze, maSin sasamarTlom unda imsjelos 21-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis dacviT saqmis ganxilvis SesaZleblobaze. Tu aseTi pirobebi ar arsebobs da amitom saqmis ganxilva dauSvebelia, sasamarTlom saqme gansjad sasamarTlos unda gadasces (23-e muxli). muxli 22. gansjadobis wesebis dacviT miRebuli saqmis ganxilva sasamarTlom gansjadobis wesebis dacviT Tavis warmoebaSi miRebuli saqme unda ganixilos da arsebiTad gadawyvitos, Tundac es saqme SemdgomSi sxva sasamarTlos gansjadi gaxdes. _ 22-e muxlis ZiriTadi azri imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mTavaria sarCeli miRebul iqnes sasamarTlos mier gansjadobis wesebis dacviT. sarCelis warmoebaSi sworad miRebis Semdeg SeiZleba Seicvalos pirobebi da igi ukve sxva sasamarTlos gansjadi gaxdes, magram es ar SeiZleba gaxdes am sxva sasamarTlosaTvis saqmis gadacemis safuZveli. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saqmis ganxilva Zlier gaWianurdeboda imisda mixedviT, Tu ramdenjer Seicvleba gansjadobis pirobebi da saWiro gaxdeba erTidan meoreSi, meoredan mesameSi da a. S. dausruleblad saqmis sxvadasxva sasamarTloSi gadacema. radgan sarCeli Tavdapirvelad miRebuli iyo gans- 45 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali jadobis wesebis dacviT, sasamarTlom igi TviTonve unda ganixilos. muxli 23. saqmis gadacema gansjadi sasamarTlosaTvis 1. sasamarTlo saqmes gansaxilvelad sxva sasamarTlos gadascems, Tu: a) mopasuxe, romlis sacxovrebeli adgilic winaT ar iyo cnobili, moiTxovs, rom saqme gadaeces sasamarTlos Tavisi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT; b) erTi an ramdenime mosamarTlis acilebis gamo amave sasamarTloSi SeuZlebelia maTi Secvla. 2. Tu saqme ramdenime sasamarTlos gansjadia, igi gadaecema sasamarTlos mosarCelis arCeviT. 3. saqmis sxva sasamarTloSi gadacemis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba. 1. 23-e muxlis pirveli nawili Seicavs iseTi SemTxvevebis CamonaTvals, rodesac sasamarTlos SeuZlia saqme gansaxilvelad sxva sasamarTlos gadasces. magaliTad, imis gamo, rom ar iyo cnobili mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli, sarCeli aRiZra misi ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, rogorc amas iTvaliswinebs me-15 muxlis meore nawili (ix. am muxlis komentari). Semdeg, rodesac mopasuxisaTvis cnobili gaxda, rom mis winaaRmdeg sarCelia aRZruli misi ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, moiTxova saqmis gadacema sasamarTlosaTvis Tavisi amJamindeli sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. sasamarTlom unda daakmayofilos es moTxovna, magram, Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs saqmis gadacemas _ sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos saqme da gamoitanos ga46 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari dawyvetileba, rac ver gaxdeba am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli. 23-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom saqme gadasces sxva sasamarTlos mopasuxis amJamindeli sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, saWiroa TviT am mopasuxis Txovna amis Sesaxeb. _ 23-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti iTvaliswinebs saqmis sasamarTlosaTvis gadacemis iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac saqme gansjadobis wesebis sruli dacviTaa miRebuli, magram mosamarTlis (mosamarTleebis) acilebis gamo, SeuZlebelia maTi Secvla amave sasamarTloSi. saqmis ganxilva acilebuli mosamarTlis monawileobiT unda Sefasdes rogorc saqmis ganxilva sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenlobis mier (394-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqti), rac am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi (udavo) safuZvelia, amitom, saqme unda gadaeces sxva sasamarTlos im wesebis dacviT, romlebic gansazRvrulia 34-e muxlis me-3 da me-5 nawilebiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari). 2. 23-e muxlis me-2 nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs alternatiuli gansjadobis SemTxvevebi, e. i. SemTxvevebi, rodesac saqme ramdenime sasamarTlos gansjadia. me20 muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu saqme ramdenime sasamarTlos gansjadia, sasamarTlos arCevis ufleba aqvs mosarCeles. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu saqme, romelic 23-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT sxva sasamarTlos unda gadaeces, ramdenime sasamarTlos gansjadia, maSin gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes mosarCelis survili. nebismier sxva SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxs Tu romel sasamarTlos gadaeces saqme _ wyvets sasamrTlos Tavmjdomare (34-e muxlis me-3 da me-5 nawilebi). 3. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqmis sxva sasamarTloze gansaxilvelad gadacema xdeba 23-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvliT, maSin TviTon am sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba amis Sesaxeb. magram, Tu saqmis sxva sasamarTloze gadacema xdeba am muxlis `b~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZ47 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali vliT, maSin ganCineba aseTi gadacemis Sesaxeb, 34-e muxlis me-3 da me-5 nawilebis Tanaxmad, gamoaqvs Sesabamisi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares (ix. am muxlis komentari). aq miTiTebul ganCinebebze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba. muxli 24. gansjadobis Sesaxeb davis dauSvebloba erTi sasamarTlodan meoreSi gadagzavnil saqmes warmoebaSi gansaxilvelad iRebs is sasamarTlo, romelsac igi gadaegzavna. dava sasamarTloebs Soris gansjadobis Sesaxeb ar daiSveba. _ es muxli, uwinares yovlisa, mimarTulia saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis Tavidan acilebisaken, erTi sasamarTlodan meoreSi dausruleblad saqmeTa gadagzavnis winaaRmdeg. amitom, sasamarTlom, romelsac gadaegzavna saqme, unda miiRos da ganixilos igi, miuxedavad imisa, sworad moxda saqmis gadagzavna Tu ara. amasTan erTad, kanoni ar gamoricxavs SesaZleblobas, rom sasamarTlom acnobos zemdgom sasamarTlos daSvebuli Secdomebisa Tu saqmeTa gadagzavnis aramarTlzomierebaze, raTa miRebul iqnes zomebi momavalSi analogiuri Secdomebis aRmofxvrisaTvis. 48 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari T a v i IV sasamarTlos Semadgenloba. acileba muxli 25. sasamarTlos Semadgenloba 1. samoqalaqo saqmeebi pirveli instanciiT raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, aseve magistrati mosamarTleebis mier ganixileba erTpirovnulad. 2. amoRebulia 3. samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilva saapelacio wesiT xorcieldeba sami mosamarTlis mier. 4. samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilva sakasacio wesiT xorcieldeba sami mosamarTlis mier, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca saqmes ganixilavs uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palata. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sasamarTlos Semadgenlobas raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebisa da magistrati mosamarTleebis mier saqmeTa ganxilvis dros. rogorc wesi es sasamarTloebi saqmeebs ganixilaven erTpirovnulad - erTi mosamarTlis magistrati (mosamarTlis) SemadgenlobiT. gamonakliss am TvalsazrisiT warmoadgens 26-e muxlis pirveli nawili, romelic garkveuli pirobebis arsebobisas iTvaliswinebs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos mier saqmis pirveli instanciT ganxilvis SesaZleblobas sasamarTlos kolegiuri (sami mosamarTlis) SemadgenlobiT (ix. 26-e muxlis komentari). 2. am muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs saapelacio wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvas sasamarTlos kolegiuri - sami mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT. 49 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali gamonaklisi am saerTo wesidan dadgenilia 443-e muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad 2008 wlis 1 ianvramde Setanil saapelacio saCivars me-14 muxliT gansazRvrul saqmeebze, qonebriv samarTlebriv davaze, romlis Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 10 000 lars, aseve, SromiT davebze erTpirovnulad ganixilavs saapelacio sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatis mosamarTle. amrigad, am muxlis me-3 nawiliT dadgenili gamonaklisi moqmedebs 2008 wlis 1 ianvramde. amis Semdeg yvela saqmes saapelacio sasamarTlo ganixilavs sami mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT. 3. am muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs sakasacio sasamarTlos mier saqmeTa ganxilvas sasamarTlos kolegiuri - sami mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT. gamonaklisi am mxriv dadgenilia saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatis mimarT. didi palata warmoadgens sakasacio sasamarTlos, romelic saqmeebs ganixilavs samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT da „saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos organuli kanonis Sesabamisad (ix. 3911-e muxlis komentari), 9 mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT. muxli 26. gansakuTrebiT rTuli kategoriis saqmeTa ganxilvis wesi 1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi aris mosamarTleTa sakmarisi raodenoba kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis, erTpirovnulad saqmis ganmxilvel mosamarTles SeuZlia daadginos saqmis kolegiuri ganxilva sami mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT, Tu: a) saqmis ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs sasamarTlo praqtikisaTvis; b) saqme faqtobrivi an samarTlebrivi 50 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli sirTuliT xasiaTdeba. 2. motivirebuli ganCineba saqmis sasamarTlos kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb mosamarTles gamoaqvs mTavar sxdomaze am saqmis ganxilvis dawyebamde. ganCineba gadaecema sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romelic gansazRvravs kolegiur Semadgenlobas am saqmis ganmxilveli Tavdapirveli mosamarTlis aucilebeli monawileobiT. 3. amoRebulia 4. amoRebulia 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili uSvebs gamonakliss saerTo wesidan, romelic dadgenilia `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me15 punqtiT da am kodeqsis 25-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT, romelTa Tanaxmad, samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilva raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebSi xorcieldeba erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier. _ gamonaklisi am saerTo wesidan dasaSvebia mxolod am muxlis pirveli nawiliT zustad gansazRvruli pirobis arsebobisas. a) gansakuTrebuli praqtikuli mniSvneloba SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos sxvadasxva garemoebiT, magaliTad, analogiuri saqme jer ar yofila ganxiluli sasamarTloebSi, anu ar arsebobs araviTari praqtika aseTi saqmeebis ganxilvisa, an kidev, sxvanairi iuridiuli Sefaseba unda mieces saqmis garemoebebs, vidre es dRemde iyo miRebuli da a. S. b) saqmis gansakuTrebuli sirTule SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos sxvadasxva garemoebiT, magaliTad, sasamarTlos mier gamosayenebeli norma axleburad da sruliad gansxvavebulad awesrigebs sadavo urTierTobas, vidre adre moqmedi kanonmdebloba, an kidev, kanonis azrisa da Sinaarsis sworad da amomwuravad 51 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali amoxsna da gageba rTulia da moiTxovs samarTlis sxvadasxva institutebis codnas da sxva. _ Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT, rom kolegiurad saqmis ganxilvas aqvs ara formaluri, aramed arsebiTi mniSvneloba, rac mosamarTlis maRali profesionalobiTa da misi specializaciiT ganisazRvreba, maSin unda gavakeToT daskvna, rom kolegia unda Sedges im mosamarTleebisagan, romlebsac aqvT samoqalaqo saqmeTa (farTo gagebiT) ganxilvis gamocdileba, kargad icnoben Sesabamis kanonmdeblobasa da misi gamoyenebis praqtikas. amitom, Tu es piroba ar arsebobs, umjobesia saqme ganixilos erTpirovnulad mosamarTlem. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili, jer-erTi, gansazRvravs Tu romel etapze SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes ganCineba saqmis kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb. es etapia saqmis momzadebis stadia, e. i. mTavar sasamarTlo sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis daniSvnamde. Tu mosamarTlem daniSna mTavari sxdoma, daiwyo saqmis ganxilva, man kidec unda ganixilos da gadawyvitos igi. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba an SeCereba im motiviT, rom igi ganixilos sasamarTlos kolegiurma Semadgenlobam, kanoniT araa gaTvaliswinebuli. meore, mosamarTlis ganCineba saqmis kolegiuri sasamarTlos SemadgenlobiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb motivirebuli (dasabuTebuli) unda iyos, e. i. masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu ratom eniWeba am saqmis ganxilvas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba an ra faqtorebiTaa ganpirobebuli misi sirTule. _ sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares SeuZlia uari Tqvas kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT saqmis ganxilvaze imis gamo, rom mosamarTlis ganCineba araa dasabuTebuli da damajerebeli an imis gamo, rom am sasamarTloSi araa Sesabamisi gamocdilebis mqone mosamarTleTa sakmarisi raodenoba kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT saqmis ganxilvisaTvis. mosamarTlis ganCinebis miRebaze uaris Tqmisa da saqmis erTpirovnulad ganxilvisaTvis ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares SeuZlia 52 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari gamoitanos ganCineba an Semoifarglos Sesabamisi warweriT (rezoluciiT) ganCinebaze. muxli 27. kolegiuri sasamarTlos mier sakiTxebis gadawyvetis wesi 1. Tu saqmis ganxilvas sasamarTlo axorcielebs kolegiurad, am saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT wamoWrili yvela sakiTxi unda gadawydes xmebis umravlesobiT. arc erT mosamarTles ufleba ar aqvs Tavi Seikavos romelime sakiTxis gadawyvetisagan. 2. mosamarTles, romelic pirveli instanciis, saapelacio instanciisa da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloebis mier gadawyvetilebis, ganCinebisa Tu dadgenilebis gamotanisas ar eTanxmeba umravlesobas, SeuZlia werilobiT Camoayalibos Tavisi gansxvavebuli azri, ris Sesaxebac ecnobebaT mxareebs gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis dros. 3. gansxvavebuli azri daerTvis saqmes, magram sasamarTlos sxdomis darbazSi misi Sinaarsi ar gamocxaddeba. 1. 27-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi Camoyalibebulia ori fundamenturi debuleba: pirveli _ mosamarTleTa sruli damoukidebloba da Tavisufleba, hqondes Tavisi sakuTari azri saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT wamoWril yvela sakiTxze da meore _ arcerT mosamarTles, romelic Tanamdebobrivad mowodebulia ganaxorcielos marTlmsajuleba, ufleba ara aqvs uari Tqvas an Tavi Seikavos im saqmeze gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi, romlis ganxilvaSic monawileobda. gadawyvetilebis miRebisagan Tavis Sekaveba unda Sefasdes, rogorc marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaze uaris Tqma, rogorc mosamarTlis mier Ta53 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali visi Tanamdebobrivi funqciis Sesrulebaze uaris Tqma, aqedan gamomdinare yvela SedegebiT, maT Soris Tanamdebobidan ganTavisuflebiT. imisaTvis, rom miRebul iqnes gadawyvetileba (ganCineba), ar aris aucilebeli, rom am gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi monawile yvela mosamarTles erTnairi mosazreba hqondes. es SezRudavda mosamarTlis fundamentur uflebas, iqonios Tavisi mixeduleba saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT wamoWril ama Tu im sakiTxze. amitom sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis miReba xdeba xmebis umravlesobiT. _ sasamarTlo praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo, rodesac saqmis ganmxilvel samive mosamarTles gansxvavebuli azri aqvs. aseTi viTareba Teoriulad araa gamoricxuli, Tumca praqtikulad Znelad warmosadgenia. gadawyvetilebis miRebaze uaris Tqmas im motiviT, rom saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTleebi ver SeTanxmdnen ama Tu im sakiTxze, romelsac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs gadawyvetilebis gamotanisaTvis _ kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs. gamosavali aseTi viTarebidan SeiZleba erTi iyos: kolegiis Tavmjdomare, rogorc wesi, xmas aZlevs bolos da is unda miemxros im mosamarTles, romlis Sexedulebac ufro axlosaa mis poziciasTan. es SesaZleblobas miscems sasamarTlos miiRos gadawyvetileba xmebis umravlesobiT. 2. 27-e muxlis me-2 nawili naTlad da garkveulad miuTiTebs, jer-erTi, imaze, rom gansxvavebuli azri SeiZleba Camoayalibos mosamarTlem, rogorc pirveli instanciiT saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis, ise mosamarTlem saapelacio da sakasacio wesiT saqmis ganxilva-gadawyvetis dros. meorec, werilobiTi formiT gansxvavebuli azris Camoyalibeba dasaSvebia aramarto gadawyvetilebis, aramed ganCinebis gamotanis drosac. _ gansxvavebuli azri unda gaformdes werilobiT araugvianes motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis Camoya54 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari libebisa. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi ver Sesruldeba 27e muxlis me-2 nawilis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom gansxvavebuli azris Sesaxeb unda ecnobos mxareebs `gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis dros~. mxedvelobaSia motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadeba, magram araa gamoricxuli gansxvavebuli azri gaformdes werilobiT da ecnobos amis Sesaxeb mxareebs gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebis drosac. sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon is, rom gansxvavebuli azri arsebobs imdenad, ramdenadac igi werilobiTaa Camoyalibebuli. 3. mxareebs ecnobebaT mxolod imis Sesaxeb, rom arsebobs gansxvavebuli azri. misi Sinaarsi ar SeiZleba gamocxaddes (wakiTxul iqnes) sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi. igi unda Caidos konvertSi da daerTos saqmes. cxadia, rom mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs ufleba aqvT gaecnon gansxvavebul azrs. es ufleba pirdapir gamomdinareobs 83-e da 98-e muxlebis analizidan, romelTa Tanaxmad mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs ufleba aqvT gaecnon saqmis masalebs, e.i. masalebs, romlebic saqmeSia (ix. am muxlebis komentari), maT Soris gansxvavebul azrs. muxli 28. TaTbiris saidumloeba mosamarTleebs ufleba ar aqvT gaaxmauron msjeloba, romelic maT hqondaT TaTbiris dros. TaTbiris saidumloeba uzrunvelyofs mosamarTlis Tavisuflebas mSvidad da yovelgvari SeboWilobis gareSe gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazreba, rogorc calkeuli sakiTxebis, ise gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) Sesaxeb saerTod. saqme isaa, rom gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) sasamarTlom unda warmoadginos, rogorc mosamarTleTa erTsulovani mixeduleba, rasac didi mniS- 55 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali vneloba aqvs am gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) avtoritetis ganmtkicebisaTvis. muxli 29. saqmis ganxilvaSi mosamarTlis ganmeorebiT monawileobis dauSvebloba 1. mosamarTle, romelic monawileobda saqmis pirveli instanciiT ganxilvaSi, ver miiRebs monawileobas am saqmis ganxilvaSi saapelacio instanciis an/da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi. 2. mosamarTle, romelic monawileobda saqmis ganxilvaSi saapelacio instanciis sasamarTloSi, ver miiRebs monawileobas am saqmis ganxilvaSi pirveli instanciis an/da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi. 3. mosamarTle, romelic monawileobda saqmis ganxilvaSi sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi, ver miiRebs monawileobas am saqmis ganxilvaSi saapelacio instanciis sasamarTloSi an/da pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi. 1. 29-e muxli emyareba erT metad gonivrul princips: gadawyvetilebis kanonierebis Tu dasabuTebulobis Semowmeba ar SeiZleba miendos im mosamarTles, romelmac es gadawyvetileba gamoitana. am muxlis analizis, misi azrisa da Sinaarsis safuZvelze SeiZleba CamovayaliboT Semdegi Sinaarsis praqtikuli wesi: erTi da igive mosamarTle ver miiRebs monawileobas erTi da igive saqmis sxvadasxva instanciis sasamarTloSi ganxilvisas. aseT ganmartebas aZlevs am muxls sakasacio sasamarTlo, romelmac Tavis erT-erT ganCinebaSi miuTiTa, rom `mosamarTles ekrZaleba saqmis ganxilvaSi mo- 56 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari nawileoba, Tu igi am saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobda sxva instanciis da ara imave instanciis sasamarTloSi.9 2. amasTan erTad, 29-e muxli ar gamoricxavs da, maSasadame, uSvebs saqmis ganxilvaSi mosamarTlis ganmeorebiT monawileobas Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: a) Tu saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad dabrunda pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi, igi SeiZleba ganixilos imave mosamarTlem an imave sasamarTlos kolegiurma Semadgenlobam, romlis gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) gauqmda; b) Tu saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad dabrunda saapelacio sasamarTloSi sakasacio sasamarTlos mier, igi SeiZleba ganixilos imave saapelacio palatam (mosamarTleTa igive Semadgenlobam), romlis gadawyvetilebac am saqmeze gauqmda; g) Tu saapelacio palatis gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) kvlav gasaCivrda sakasacio wesiT, saqme SeiZleba kvlav ganixilos imave sakasacio palatam, romelmac adre es saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad daabruna saapelacio sasamarTloSi. muxli 30. sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi axlo naTesavebis daSvebis akrZalva samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi ar SeiZleba Sediodnen pirebi, romlebic erTmaneTis axlo naTesavebi arian, xolo Tu maT Soris aseTi naTesavebi mainc aRmoCndnen, isini unda Camoacilon saqmis ganxilvas. _ sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi ar SeiZleba iyvnen mosamarTleebi, romlebic erTmaneTis axlo naTesavebi arian. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi aseTi naTesavebi mainc aRmoCndnen, isini Ca9 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #1, gv. 53. 57 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali mocilebuli unda iqnen saqmis ganxilvidan. es SeiZleba moxdes TviTacilebiT an mxaris gancxadebiT acilebis Sesaxeb. _ 30-e muxli ar Seicavs miTiTebas imaze, Tu rogori naTesaoba SeiZleba CaiTvalos axlo naTesaur urTierTobad. amitom, SeiZleba gamoviyenoT 31-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebuli naTesavebis CamonaTvali (ix. am muxlis komentari). _ Tu miuxedavad kanonismieri akrZalvisa, sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi, romelmac ganixila da gadawyvita saqme, aRmoCndnen axlo naTesavebi, es SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli 394-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis komentari), radgan saqme ganixila sasamarTlos arakanonierma Semadgenlobam. muxli 31. mosamarTlis acilebis sxva safuZvlebi 1. mosamarTlem ar SeiZleba ganixilos saqme an monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, Tu is: a) am saqmeSi TviTon warmoadgens mxares, an mas ama Tu im mxaresTan saerTo uflebebi an valdebulebebi akavSirebs; b) am saqmis adrindel ganxilvaSi monawileobda mowmed, eqspertad, specialistad, Tarjimnad, warmomadgenlad an sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnad; g) mxaris an misi warmomadgenlis naTesavia; d) piradad, pirdapir an arapirdapir dainteresebulia saqmis SedegiT, an Tu aris sxva iseTi garemoeba, romelic eWvs iwvevs mis miukerZoeblobaSi. 2. am muxlis pirveli nawilis `g~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, naTesavebad iTvlebian: 58 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari a) meuRle; b) daniSnuli; g) pirdapiri xazis naTesavebi; d) da-Zma; e) disSvilebi da ZmisSvilebi; v) mSoblebis da-Zmebi; z) danaTesavebulebi (moyvrebi); T) pirebi, romlebic xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi ojaxuri urTierTobiT arian dakavSirebulni. 1. 31-e muxlSi CamoTvlili acilebis safuZvlebi saqmis miukerZoeblad ganxilvis interesebiTaa nakarnaxevi. amitom, Tu arsebobs mosamarTlis acilebis erTerTi safuZveli, romelic am muxlSia miTiTebuli, mosamarTles ekrZaleba ganixilos saqme an monawileoba miiRos mis ganxilvaSi da acilebul unda iqnes. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gauqmebis safuZveli. a) mosamarTles ekrZaleba SeiTavsos mxarisa da mosamarTlis funqcia, e. i. mas ar SeuZlia iyos mosamarTle sakuTar saqmeze, romlis erT-erT mxaresTan mas akavSirebs saerTo uflebebi an valdebulebebi. magaliTad, sadavo qoneba (davis sagani) aris saerTo (Tanaziari an wiladi) sakuTrebis obieqti, xolo mosamarTle misi erT-erTi TanamesakuTrea, an kidev igi solidaruli valdebulebis erT-erTi subieqtia da a. S. b) mosamarTlem ar SeiZleba SeiTavsos mowmis, eqspertis, specialistis, Tarjimnis, warmomadgenlis an sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnis funqcia. amitom, mosamarTle acilebul unda iqnes, Tu igi adre am saqmeSi monawileobda am saxiT, an saqmis ganxilvis procesSi unda miiRos monawileoba aq CamoTvlili romelime subieqtis saxiT. ufro metic, mosamarTle acilebul unda iqnes im SemTxvevaSic, roca ar aris ganzraxuli, rom igi mowmed daikiTxos, magram man uSualod dainaxa mopasuxis mier mosarCelis qonebisaTvis zianis miyene59 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali bis faqti, an kidev, eswreboda mxareTa mier garigebis dadebis faqts da a. S., e. i. nebiT Tu uneblieT gaxda iseTi faqtis mowme, romelsac am saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis aqvs mniSvneloba; g) mosamarTlis acilebis erT-erTi safuZvelia misi naTesaoba mxaresTan an mis warmomadgenelTan. naTesavebis CamonaTvals Seicavs am muxlis me-2 nawili. Tu mosamarTlis naTesaoba mxaris an misi warmomadgenlis mimarT am CamonaTvalidan erT-erTs Seesabameba, maSin igi Camocilebul unda iqnes saqmis ganxilvidan; d) zogad SefasebiT msjelobaTa kategorias ganekuTvneba `d~ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli acilebis safuZveli. amitom, am safuZvliT acilebis gancxadebisas mxare valdebulia miuTiTos iseT konkretul faqtobriv garemoebebze, romlebic miuTiTeben imaze, rom mosamarTle marTla dainteresebulia saqmis SedegiT. cxadia, rom mosamarTlem yvelaze ukeT icis, marTla dainteresebulia Tu ara igi saqmis SedegiT. amas aqvs mniSvneloba, magram ar aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba acilebis sakiTxis gadawyvetisaTvis. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu mxare iseT konkretul faqtebze miuTiTebs, romlebic TavisTavad badeben eWvs mosamarTlis miukerZoeblobaSi, mosamarTle unda Camocildes saqmis ganxilvas, Tumca igi Sinaganad sulac ar fiqrobs saqmis mikerZoebulad gadawyvetas. mosamarTlis ganwyobas, mis Sinagan fsiqologiur mdgomareobas ar aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba. 2. 31-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi CamoTvlili naTesavebis wre sakmaod farToa, xolo `z~ da `T~ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebuli pirebis naTesaoba moiTxovs mosamarTlis mxriv dakonkretebas. magaliTad, SeiZleba Tu ara mosamarTlis acilebas safuZvlad daedos is faqti, rom misi Svili, meuRle Tu mSobeli aris erT-erTi mxaris naTlia? am da sxva analogiur SemTxvevaSi mosamarTlem unda ixelmZRvanelos moyvrobis tradiciuli gagebiT da ise miiRos gadawyvetileba acilebis Taobaze. 60 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 32. TviTacileba acilebis safuZvlebis arsebobisas mosamarTle valdebulia ganacxados TviTacileba. TviTacilebis Sesaxeb mosamarTles (sasamarTlos) gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic unda mieTiTos TviTacilebis safuZveli. _ unda ganvasxvavoT acilebis ori saxe: TviTacileba da acileba mxareTa gancxadebiT. gansxvaveba isaa, rom TviTacileba xdeba TviTon mosamarTlis iniciativiT, xolo acileba mxareTa gancxadebiT _ es iqneba acileba mxareTa iniciativiT. saerTo am ori saxis acilebas Soris isaa, rom rogorc TviTacileba, ise acileba mxareTa gancxadebiT, unda emyarebodes im safuZvlebs, romlebsac iTvaliswinebs kanoni, kerZod, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis Sesabamisi normebi (29-31-e muxlebi). _ TviTacileba, ise rogorc mxareTa gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb motivirebuli unda iyos. dausabuTebeli TviTacileba SeiZleba TviTon gaxdes sxvadasxvagvari eWvebis sababi, rogorc mxareebis, ise am saqmis ganxilviT dainteresebuli pirebisa da zemdgomi sasamarTlo instanciebisaTvis. _ Tu TviTacileba ganacxada kolegiuri Semadgenlobis erT-erTma mosamarTlem, misi acilebis sakiTxs gadawyveten sxva mosamarTleebi (ix. 34-e muxlis me-4 nawilis komentari). _ erTpirovnulad saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTlis TviTacilebis SemTxvevaSi acilebis sakiTxs wyvets TviT es mosamarTle (34-e muxlis me-3 nawili). muxli 33. mxareTa gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb mxareebs SeuZliaT werilobiT ganacxa61 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali don acileba. gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb motivirebul unda iqnes da gakeTdes saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis dros. acilebis Taobaze Semdgomi gancxadeba daiSveba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu acilebis safuZveli im pirisaTvis, romelic acilebas moiTxovs, cnobili gaxda an warmoiSva mTavari sxdomis dawyebis Semdeg. aseT SemTxvevaSi gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb dasaSvebia mxareTa paeqrobamde. _ 33-e muxli calsaxad miuTiTebs, rom gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb wardgenil unda iqnes werilobiTi formiT. mxedvelobaSia acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setana saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. magram, Tu am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi acilebis gancxadeba gakeTda saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros, maSin aseTi gancxadeba SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi. _ gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb unda iyos motivirebuli. es imas niSnavs, rom gancxadebaSi, sul erTia, werilobiT iqneba es gakeTebuli Tu zepirad, miTiTebuli unda iyos safuZvelze, romelic kanonis Tanaxmad iwvevs acilebas (29-31-e muxlebi). aramotivirebuli gancxadeba ar SeiZleba dakmayofilebul iqnes. _ 33-e muxlSi laparakia mxareebis uflebaze ganacxadon acileba, magram mxedvelobaSia ara marto uSualod mxareebi, aramed mesame pirebi damoukidebeli moTxovniT, agreTve mesame pirebi damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe (91-e muxli). _ 33-e muxli Seicavs saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mcdelobis winaaRmdeg erT metad efeqtur meqanizms: acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba Setanil unda iqnes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze anu saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros acilebis Taobaze gancxadeba daiSveba mxolod erTi pirobiT _ 62 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Tu acilebis safuZveli cnobili gaxda ganmcxadeblisaTvis mTavari sxdomis dawyebis Semdeg. am pirobas sasamarTloebma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaqcion da ganuxrelad gaataron cxovrebaSi kanonis es moTxovna, radgan igi jer-erTi, emsaxureba moqalaqeTa aRzrdas kanonisadmi da sasamarTlosadmi pativiscemis suliskveTebiT da meore, Tavidan icilebs saqmis ganxilvis usafuZvlod gaWianurebas. amitom, acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Semomtanma pirma unda warudginos sasamarTlos damajerebeli mtkicebuleba imis Sesaxeb, rom acilebis safuZveli misTvis cnobili gaxda an warmoiSva saqmis zepir ganxilvaze mTavari sxdomis dawyebis Semdeg. mxolod am faqtis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia sasamarTlos `dauSvas gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb~ da ganixilos igi. cxadia, rom acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis daSveba jer kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom gancxadebuli acileba dakmayofildeba. Tu gansaxilvelad daSvebuli gancxadebis ganxilvis dros aRmoCndeba, rom ar arsebobs acilebis safuZveli _ sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas acilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. muxli 34. gancxadebuli acilebis gadawyvetis wesi 1. acilebis gancxadebis Semdeg sasamarTlom (mosamarTlem) SeiZleba mousminos mxareebs, agreTve im pirs, romlis mimarTac ganacxades acileba. 2. acilebis sakiTxs sasamarTlo wyvets adgilze moTaTbirebiT an saTaTbiro oTaxSi. 3. Tu acileba ganucxades mosamarTles, romelic erTpirovnulad ganixilavs saqmes, acilebis sakiTxs wyvets TviT es mosamarTle. acilebis miRebis an TviTacilebis SemTxvevaSi mosamarTle saqmes gadascems 63 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romelic mas gansaxilvelad gadascems sxva mosamarTles. Tu raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi ar aris samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilveli sxva mosamarTle, maSin sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare saqmes ugzavnis saapelacio sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares sxva raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlosaTvis gadasacemad. 4. Tu acileba ganucxades kolegiuri Semadgenlobis erT-erT mosamarTles, am mosamarTlis acilebis sakiTxs gadawyveten sxva darCenili mosamarTleebi asacilebeli mosamarTlis dauswreblad. mosamarTlis acilebis winaaRmdeg an aseTi acilebis mxardasaWerad xmebis Tanabari raodenobis dros mosamarTle acilebulad iTvleba. aseT SemTxvevaSi igi unda Seicvalos sxva mosamarTliT. 5. Tu acileba ganucxades kolegiuri sasamarTlos mTel Semdagenlobas an mis umravlesobas, acilebis sakiTxs wyvets amave sasamarTlos sruli Semadgenloba xmebis umravlesobiT. kolegiuri sasamarTlos mTeli Semadgenlobis an misi umravlesobis acilebis SemTxvevaSi saqme gadaecema amave sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romelic saqmes gansaxilvelad gadascems kolegiuri sasamarTlos sxva Semadgenlobas. 6. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos palatis an saapelacio sasamarTlos palatis mTeli Semadgenlobis acilebis SemTxvevaSi saqme gadaecema Sesabamisi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romelic mas kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gansaxilvelad gadascems sxva Semadgenlobas. Tu saapelacio sasamarTloSi acilebis miRebisas an am kodeqsis 29-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxveveb64 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Si SeuZlebelia mosamarTleTa axali Semadgenlobis Seqmna, saqme egzavneba saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares sxva saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis gadasacemad. 1. gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes sasamarTloSi saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, xolo kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobis arsebobisas _ sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomazec (ix. 33-e muxlis komentari). Tu aseTi piroba ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo saerTod ar ganixilavs saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdgom gancxadebul acilebas. rodesac gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb Setanilia saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos mousminos Tu ara mxareebs, anu TviTon ganmcxadebels da mowinaaRmdege mxares. Tu sasamarTlo an saqmis erTpirovnulad ganmxilveli mosamarTle Tvlis, rom mxareTa mosmena saWiroa, is niSnavs mosamzadebel sxdomas da moismens mxareTa mosazrebebs. mxareTa gamoucxdebloba mosamzadebel sxdomaze ver daabrkolebs sakiTxis gadawyvetas. nebismier SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba acilebis Sesaxeb an acilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. Tu acileba gancxadebulia mTavar sxdomaze da igi dasaSvebia 33-e muxlis Tanaxmad, maSin sasamarTlom unda mousminos mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs, romlebic eswrebian am sxdomas. piri, romelsac ganucxades acileba, ar aris valdebuli misces raime ganmarteba mis mimarT gancxadebuli acilebis Taobaze, magram Tu aseTi survili aqvs, sasamarTlom unda mousminos mas. mxedvelobaSia iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac acileba ganucxades kolegiuri sasamarTlos mosamarTles an sxva pirs (eqsperts, Tarjimans, sxdomis mdivans, specialists). Tu acileba ganucxades erTpirovnulad saqmis gamrCev mosamarTles, maSin is araviTar ganmartebas acilebis Sesaxeb 65 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali aravis ar aZlevs. misi pozicia aisaxeba ganCinebaSi, romelsac igi miiRebs gancxadebuli acilebis Taobaze. 2. acilebis sakiTxi, damoukideblad imisagan, Tu vis mimarT ganacxades acileba, SeiZleba gadawyvitos sasamarTlom rogorc adgilze moTaTbirebiT, ise saTaTbiro oTaxSi. igive unda iTqvas erTpirovnulad saqmis gamrCev mosamarTleze. masac SeuZlia saTaTbiro oTaxSi gausvlelad gamoitanos ganCineba acilebis Taobaze, rac Seitaneba oqmSi (ix. 284-e muxlis komentari), Tu es sakiTxi sasamarTlo sxdomaze iyo ganxiluli. 3. 34-e muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs erTpirovnulad saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTlis acilebis an TviTacilebis wess, romlis Tanaxmad, gadawyvetilebas TviTacilebis Sesaxeb iRebs TviTon mosamarTle. sanam am sakiTxs gadawyvetdes, mosamarTles, Tu es mas saWirod miaCnia, SeuZlia moiwvios mxareebi da mousminos maT, roca acilebis sakiTxi dasmulia saqmis winaswari momzadebis stadiaze, magram Tu es sakiTxi daisva mosamzadebel an mTavar sxdomaze, maSin mosamarTles SeuZlia mousminos am sxdomaze gamocxadebul mxareebs. amrigad, acilebis sakiTxebze mxareTa mosmena da maTi mosazrebebis gageba araa aucilebeli da savaldebulo. yvelaferi damokidebulia mosamarTlis mixedulebaze. yvela SemTxvevaSi, roca mosamarTlem miiRo acileba (TviTacileba), igi saqmes warudgens am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romelic am saqmes gansaxilvelad gadascems samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilvel sxva mosamarTles. aq mxedvelobaSia mosamarTleTa specializacia, romelic damkvidrebulia `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-151 muxliT. 4. kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos erT-erTi mosamarTlis acilebis SemTxvevaSi, rac xorcieldeba am muxlis me-4 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT, igi am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris meS66 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari veobiT unda Seicvalos amave sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTliT. kolegiuri sasamarTlos erT-erTi mosamarTlis acilebis sakiTxs gadawyveten danarCeni mosamarTleebi, asacilebeli mosamarTlis gareSe, magram winaswar, e. i. acilebis sakiTxis gadawyvetamde, SeiZleba mousminon, rogorc am asacilebel mosamarTles, ise mxareebs. 5. kolegiuri sasamarTlos Semadgenlobis umravlesobis an mTeli Semadgenlobis acilebis SemTxvevaSi, saqme gadaecema im sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romelic saqmes gansaxilvelad sxva Semadgenlobas gadascems. magram, Tu am sasamarTloSi SeuZlebelia mosamarTleTa axali Semadgenlobis Seqmna, an imis gamo, rom ar aris mosamarTleTa sakmarisi raodenoba, an kidev, 29-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli mizezis gamo (ix. am muxlis komentari), maSin saqme unda gadaegzavnos Sesabamis saapelacio sasamarTlos saqmis sxva sasamarTlosaTvis gadasacemad. 6. 34-e muxlis me-6 nawili iTvaliswinebs Sesabamisi sasamarTloebis palatebis, e. i. saapelacio sasamarTloebis mTeli Semadgenlobis acilebis SemTxvevaSi am sasamarTloebis TavmjdomareTa meSveobiT palatis sxva SemadgenlobisaTvis saqmis gadacemis wess. magram Tu es SeuZlebelia, maSin saqme unda gadaeces saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlos, romelic am saqmes gansaxilvelad sxva Sesabamis sasamarTlos gadascems. magaliTad, Tu acilebul iqna quTaisis saapelacio palatis mTeli Semadgenloba, maSin am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare saqmes gansaxilvelad gadascems saapelacio palatis sxva Semadgenlobas, magram Tu es SeuZlebelia, saqme unda gadaegzavnos saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlos. uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare am saqmes gansaxilvelad gadaugzavnis sxva saapelacio sasamarTlos. saqmis gadacema erTi sasamarTlos Semadgenlobi67 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali dan amave sasamarTlos sxva SemadgenlobisaTvis, an erTi sasamarTlodan meore sasamarTloSi, warmoebs ganCinebis safuZvelze, romelsac iRebs erTpirovnulad sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare. 7. sasamarTlo praqtikaSi iyo SemTxveva, roca acileba ganucxades mTlianad sasamarTlos (magaliTad, Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos, quTaisis saapelacio sasamarTlos). saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs mosamarTleTa acilebas da ara ama Tu im raionuli (saqalaqo), saapelacio Tu saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos acilebas. amitom, saqarTvelos sasamarTlo sistemis romelime rgolis mimarT gancxadebuli acileba dauSvebelia da ar unda iqnes ganxiluli. muxli 35. eqspertis, Tarjimnis, specialistis, sxdomis mdivnis acilebis safuZveli eqspertis, Tarjimnis, specialistis, sxdomis mdivnis acileba dasaSvebia 31-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvliT. _ eqspertebi, Tarjimnebi, specialistebi da sxdomis mdivnebi, marTalia, asruleben sxvadasxva rols, magram isini yvelani mowodebuli arian xeli Seuwyon saqmis sworad ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas. swored imitom, rom isini asruleben mniSvnelovan rols, kanoni iTvaliswinebs maTi acilebis SesaZleblobas. _ maTi acilebis safuZveli igivea, rac mosamarTlis acilebis safuZveli (31-e muxli), magram SeiZleba miTiTebul iqnes sxva safuZvelic. magaliTad, Tu mxare acxadebs, rom eqsperti arakompetenturia da amas saTanadod da damajereblad adasturebs, SeiZleba igi acilebul iqnes am safuZvliTac. 68 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari _ eqspertis, Tarjimnis, specialistis, sxdomis mdivnis acilebis wesi ZiriTadad ar gansxvavdeba mosamarTleTa acilebis wesisagan. acilebis sakiTxs wyvets sasamarTlo (mosamarTle) asacilebeli pirisa da mxareTa mosmenis Semdeg an uamisod. muxli 36. acilebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivreba acilebis Taobaze sasamarTlo ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebasTan erTad, 377-e da 404-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. acilebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos SeuZlia ori gansxvavebuli Sinaarsis ganCinebis gamotana: acilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb da acilebis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb. arcerTi es ganCineba ar SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT, e. i. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebisagan damoukideblad (ix. 377-e muxlis me-3 nawilisa da 404-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari). 69 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i V procesis xarjebi muxli 37. cnebaTa gansazRvra 1. procesis xarjebs Seadgens sasamarTlo xarjebi da sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebi. 2. sasamarTlo xarjebs Seadgens saxelmwifo baJi da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi. saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis gaangariSebis wesi da maTi odenoba ganisazRvreba saqarTvelos prezidentis brZanebulebiT. 3. sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebs warmoadgens advokatisaTvis gaweuli xarjebi, dakarguli xelfasi (ganacduri), mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad gaweuli xarjebi, agreTve mxareTa sxva aucilebeli xarjebi. 1. procesis xarjebis cnebis Sinaarsi moicavs sasamarTlo xarjebs da sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebs. 2. sasamarTlo xarjebi, Tavis mxriv, Sedgeba saxelmwifo baJisagan da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebisagan. _ saxelmwifo baJi _ esaa saqarTvelos biujetSi savaldebulo Senatani, romelsac ixdian fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebi saxelmwifos mier maTi interesebis Sesabamisi iuridiuli moqmedebebis SesrulebisaTvis da saTanado sabuTebis gacemisaTvis (`saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb~ kanonis pirveli muxli). am ganmartebis Sesabamisad saxelmwifo baJi sasamarTloSi _ esaa mxareebis, mesame pirebis damoukidebeli moTxovniT, ganmcxadeblebis Senatanebi, rasac isini ixdian sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisaTvis, kanoniT gansazRvruli odenobiTa da wesiT (39-e muxli). _ saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi _ es aris xarjebi, romlebic gadaxdil unda iqnes calke70 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari uli saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis, agreTve im pirebisaTvis, romlebic exmarebian sasamarTlos marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi (44-e muxli). gansxvaveba saxelmwifo baJsa da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebul xarjebs Soris mdgomareobs imaSi, rom, saxelmwifo baJi _ es aris savaldebulo gadasaxadi sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisaTvis an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis, rac winaswar gansazRvrulia kanoniT (38-39-e muxlebi). saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi _ esaa xarjebi, romlebic unda aunazRauron im pirebs, romlebic daxmarebas uweven sasamarTlos marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi _ mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs da a. S. (44-e muxli). 3. rogorc wesi, sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebis odenoba ganisazRvreba faqtobrivad gaweuli danaxarjebiT, amitom dainteresebulma mxarem sasamarTlos unda warudginos faqtobrivad gaweuli xarjebis odenobis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ver SeZlebs daakisros Sesabamis mxares am xarjebis anazRaurebis movaleoba. muxli 38. saxelmwifo baJi saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdevineba warmoebs saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoniT dadgenili wesiT: a) sarCelze, agreTve gancxadebaze gamartivebuli wesiT gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb da gancxadebaze lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze; b) Segebebul sarCelze; g) mesame piris sarCelebze, romelic damoukidebel moTxovnebs acxadebs davis saganze; d) gancxadebaze udavo warmoebis saqmeTa aRZvris Sesaxeb: e) sarCelze saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivi da 71 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali administraciul-samarTlebrivi urTierTobebidan warmoSobili davebis Sesaxeb; v) saapelacio saCivarze; z) sakasacio saCivarze; T) kerZo saCivarze. i) gancxadebaze sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb; k) gancxadebaze axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis an gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb. 38-e muxli Seicavs im moqmedebaTa amomwurav CamonaTvals, romlebisTvisac gadaixdevineba saxelmwifo baJi. `saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-6 muxlis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo baJi gadaixdeba erovnuli valutiT bankebSi dadgenili formis qviTris gacemiT; baJi da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi gadaxdil unda iqnes winaswar _ ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebamde (sarCelis an gancxadebis Setanamde, saCivris Setanamde da a. S.), Tu mxare kanoniT (46-e muxli) an sasamarTlos mier (47-e muxli) ganTavisuflebuli ar aris sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan (ix. am muxlebis komentari). muxli 39. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba 1. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Seadgens: a) am kodeqsis 38-e muxlis `a~, `b~, `g~ da `e~,„ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi - davis sagnis Rirebulebis 3 procents, magram aranakleb 100 larisa; b) saapelacio saCivrisaTvis, maT Soris, saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaze (ganCinebaze) - davis sagnis Rirebulebis 4 procents, magram aranakleb 150 larisaK;_ 72 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari g) sakasacio saCivrisaTvis, maT Soris, saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaze (ganCinebaze) - davis sagnis Rirebulebis 5 procents, magram aranakleb 300 larisa; d) kerZo saCivarze - 50 lars; e) sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebaze, agreTve saCivarze - Tu ganmcxadebeli fizikuri piria - 50 lars, xolo Tu gamcxadebeli iuridiuli piria - 150 lars; v) axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebaze - Tu ganmcxadebeli fizikuri piria - 100 lars, xolo Tu ganmcxadebeli iuridiuli piria - 300 lars; z) gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb gancxadebaze - 50 lars; T) araqonebriv davaze - 100 lars, saapelacio da sakasacio saCivrebze - Sesabamisad 150 da 300 lars; i) dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenasTan dakavSirebiT warmoSobil davaze, roca saqmis masalebi mxaris braliT daikarga 100 lars; k) Tamasuqis an Cekis Taobaze sarCelze 100 lars, saapelacio da sakasacio saCivrebze - Sesabamisad 150 da 300 lars; l) udavo warmoebis saqmeze - 50 lars, saapelacio da sakasacio saCivrebze - Sesabamisad 100 da 300 lars. 2. magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmeze saxelmwifo baJis odenoba yvela instanciis sasamarTloSi Seadgens am muxlis pirveli nawiliT dadgenili odenobis naxevars. 3. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba ar unda aRematebodes 50 000 lars. 73 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali I. saxelmwifo baJis odenobis gansazRvrisas kanonmdebeli xelmZRvanelobs ori erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli kriteriumiT. erT-erTi aseTi kriteriumia procentuli Tanafardoba sarCelis (davis sagnis) fasTan mimarTebaSi. 1. am kriteriumis Tanaxmad saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Seadgens davis sagnis Rirebulebis 3 - procents, magram Tu es sami procenti 100 larze naklebia, maSin mosarCele valdebulia gadaixados 100 lari. saxelmwifo baJis odenobis gansazRvris aseTi wesi gaTvaliswinebulia Semdegi kategoriis saqmeebze: 1) nebismier sarCelze, romelic aRZrulia qonebriv samarTlebrivi davis Taobaze; 2) gancxadebaze gamartivebuli wesiT gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb; 3) gancxadebaze lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze; 4) Segebebul sarCelze; 5) mesame piris sarCelze, romelic damoukidebel moTxovnas acxadebs davis saganze; 6) sarCelze saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivi da administraciul-samarTlebrivi urTierTobebidan warmoSobili davebis Sesaxeb. 2. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Seadgens davis sagnis Rirebulebis 4-procents, magram Tu es oTxi procenti 150 larze naklebia maSin 150 lars: nebismieri saapelacio saCivrisaTvis, maT Soris saapelacio saCivrisaTvis raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos ganCinebaze, romliTac uari eTqva mxares saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebaze (ix. 430-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari). sasamarTloebma mxedvelobidan ar unda gauSvan is garemoeba, rom saapelacio saCivarze davis sagnis Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu 74 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT Secvlaze Seaqvs saCivari mxares (ix. 365-e muxlis komentari). 3. saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Seadgens davis sagnis Rirebulebis 5-procents, magram aranakleb 300 lars: nebismieri sakasacio saCivrisaTvis, maT Soris sakasacio saCivrisaTvis saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebaze saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (ix. 430-e muxlis komentari). sasamarTloebma mxedvelobidan ar unda gauSvan is, rom sakasacio saCivarze davis sagnis Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT Secvlaze Seaqvs saCivari mxares (ix. 391-e muxlis me-3 nawilis komentari). I I. meore kriteriumi, romliTac xelmZRvanelobs kanonmdebeli saxelmwifo baJis odenobis gansazRvrisas - esaa myarad gansazRvruli Tanxis odenoba, romelic unda gadaixados mxarem ama Tu im kategoriis saqmeze. aRsaniSnavia, rom baJis odenoba sxvadasxva kategoriis saqmeze sxvadasxvanairia. magaliTad, nebismier kerZo saCivarze es Tanxa Seadgens 50 lars, araqonebriv davaze - 100 lars, xolo, Tu araqonebriv davaze gamotanil gadawyvetilebaze Setanili iqneba saapelacio an sakasacio saCivari, maSin baJis odenoba Seadgens Sesabamisad 150 da 300 lars, udavo warmoebis saqmeze - 50 lars, magram Tu udavo warmoebis saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebaze Setanili iqneba saapelacio an sakasacio saCivari, maSin baJis odenoba Seadgens Sesabamisad 100 da 300 lars da a.S. (ix. am muxlis „d-l” qvepunqtebi). I I I. 39-e muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs saxelmwifo baJis odenobas magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmeebze. magistrati mosamarTlis gansjadi saqmeebi CamoTvlilia me-14 muxlSi (ix. am muxlis komentari). imis mixedviT, Tu saqmeTa romel kategorias ganekuTvneba es saqme saxelmwifo baJis odenoba Seadgens im Tanxis naxevars, rasac gadaixdida mxare es saqme rom raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gansjadi yofiliyo. igive wesiT 75 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ganisazRvreba baJis odenoba Tu mxares Seaqvs saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivari magistrati mosamarTlis mier gamotanil gadawyvetilebaze. amasTan, magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmeTa ganxilvisas saxelmwifo baJis odenoba naxevrdeba im SemTxvevaSic, Tu saqmes ixilavs aramagistrati (raionuli sasamarTlos sxva) mosamarTle. magaliTad, Tu raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi aRZrul sarCelzed baJis odenoba Seadgens sarCelis sagnis Rirebulebis 3-procents, magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad sarCelze baJis odenoba Seadgens am sarCelis sagnis Rirebulebis mxolod 1,5 procents. aseve, Tu raionuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaze Setanili saapelacio saCivarze baJis odenoba udris davis sagnis 4-procents, magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmeze Setanil saapelacio saCivarze baJis odenoba udris davis sagnis Rirebulebis mxolod 2 procents da a.S. I V. 39-e muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs saxelmwifo baJis maqsimalur odenobas - 50 000 lars. es imas niSnavs, rom SeiZleba davis sagnis RirebulebasTan procentuli gaangariSebis mixedviT baJis odenoba 100,000 da metic iyos, magram 50 000 larze mets mxare ar gadaixdis. muxli 40. davis saganis Rirebuleba 1. davis sagnis fass miuTiTebs mosarCele. Tu mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli fasi aSkarad ar Seesabameba sadavo qonebis realur Rirebulebas, davis sagnis fass gansazRvravs mosamarTle sadavo qonebis sabazro Rirebulebis mixedviT. 2. Tu erT sarCelSi ramdenime sxvadasxva moTxovnaa Camoyalibebuli, maSin es moTxovnebi unda Sejamdes da amis Semdeg ganisazRvros sadavo sagnis Rirebuleba. 3. sadavo sagnis Sefasebisas mxedveloba76 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Si miiReba im dros arsebuli fasebi, rodesac Setanil iqna sarCeli, xolo gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebisas - _ saCivris Setanis droisaTvis arsebuli fasebi. 1. davis sagnis (sarCelis sagnis) Rirebulebis gansazRvris movaleoba ekisreba mosarCeles. es imas niSnavs, rom mosarCelem Tavis sarCelSi unda miuTiTos davis sagnis fasze. es pirdapiraa gaTvaliswinebuli agreTve 178-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `T~ qvepunqtiT (ix. am muxlis komentari). im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mosarCele ar Seasrulebs am movaleobas, e. i. ar miuTiTebs davis sagnis fasze, maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia datovos sarCeli umoZraod (185-e muxli). _ mosamarTles, romelmac unda gadawyvitos sakiTxi sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb, ufleba aqvs Seamowmos, Seesabameba Tu ara mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli sarCelis fasi mis namdvil Rirebulebas. Tu mosamarTle miva im daskvnamde, rom mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli fasi ar Seesabameba sadavo qonebis namdvil sabazro Rirebulebas, maSin es fasi TviTon mosamarTlem unda gansazRvros. Tu davis sagnis (sadavo qonebis) namdvili Rirebulebis gansazRvra mosamarTlisTvisac Znelia, mas SeuZlia moiwvios specialisti (204-e muxli). 2. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi uSvebs erT sarCelSi ramdenime sxvadasxva moTxovnis gaerTianebas (182-e muxli). es sxvadasxva moTxovnebi cal-calke ki ar unda Sefasdes, aramed unda ganisazRvros gaerTianebuli moTxovnebis fasi, e. i. unda Sejamdes ara calcalke Sefasebuli moTxovnebis fasi, aramed Sejamebuli moTxovnebis fasi, ris Sedegad miviRebT am moTxovnebis saerTo fass. es wesi ar gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTloSi Semosulia ramdenime erTgvarovani saqme da sasamarTlom mizanSewonilad cno maTi gaerTianeba erT warmoebad (182-e muxlis me-4 nawili). aseT SemTx- 77 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali vevaSi gaerTianebuli sarCelebis Sefaseba cal-calke unda moxdes. 3. me-40 muxlis me-3 nawili calsaxad miuTiTebs, rom sadavo sagnis Rirebulebis gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba fasebi, romlebic arsebobs sarCelis (kerZo saapelacio da sakasacio saCivris) Setanisas. muxli 41. davis sagnis fasis gansazRvris wesi davis sagnis fasi ganisazRvreba: a) fuladi gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb sarCelisa _- gadasaxdeli TanxiT; b) nivTis (qonebis) gadacemis an miwodebis Sesaxeb sarCelisa - am nivTis (qonebis) sabazro RirebulebiT; g) alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb sarCelisa _- erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobiT; d) vadiani gasacemisa da gadasaxdelis Sesaxeb sarCelisa -_ araumetes sami wlis ganmavlobaSi gasacemi an gadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobiT; e) uvado an samudamo (gardacvalebamde) gasacemis an gadasaxdelis Sesaxeb sarCelisa - sami wlis ganmavlobaSi gasacemi an gadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobiT; v) gasacemis an gadasaxdelis Semcirebis anda gadidebis Sesaxeb sarCelisa - im TanxiT, romliTac mcirdeba anda diddeba gasacemi an gadasaxdeli, magram ara umetes erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi; z) qonebis qiravnobis xelSekrulebis vadamde moSlis Sesaxeb sarCelisa - _ darCenili vadiT, magram ara umetes sami wlis ganmavlobaSi gadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobiT; T) gasacemis an gadasaxdelis Sewyvetis 78 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Sesaxeb sarCelisa -_ ara umetes sami wlis ganmavlobaSi darCenili gasacemi an gadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobiT; i) uZrav nivTze sakuTrebis uflebis cnobis Sesaxeb sarCelisa - uZravi nivTis sabazro RirebulebiT; k) 4 000 lariT, Tu qonebriv-samarTlebriv davaSi (sakuTrebis xelyofa an sxvagvari xelSeSla, samezoblo dava da sxva) SeuZlebelia davis sagnis fasis gansazRvra. 2. Tu araqonebriv davasTan erTad ganixileba misgan warmoSobili qonebriv-samarTlebrivi dava, davis sagnis fasi ganisazRvreba ufro maRali Rirebulebis moTxovnis mixedviT. 1. 41-e muxli Seicavs davis sagnis fasis gansazRvris zogad wess, romlis Tanaxmad qonebriv davebSi davis sagnis fasi ganisazRvreba gadasaxdeli TanxiT, roca mosarCele garkveuli Tanxis gadaxdas moiTxovs mopasuxisagan, an nivTis RirebulebiT, roca mosarCele Tavisi sarCeliT nivTis gadacemas an miwodebas moiTxovs. 2. am zogadi wesidan daSvebulia garkveuli gamonaklisebi. magaliTad, Tu aRZrulia sarCeli alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb TveSi 20 laris odenobiT, magram es 20 lari unda gadamravldes 12 Tveze da miviRebT 240 lars (wlis ganmavlobaSi gadasaxdeli Tanxebis erTobliobas). am 240 laridan unda moxdes baJis odenobis gansazRvra, analogiuri wesiT xdeba sarCelis fasis gansazRvra zogierT sxva SemTxvevaSi (ix. am muxlis „e” qvepunqti). 3. yuradReba unda mieqces im garemoebas, rom sarCelis sagnis fasis gansazRvrisas unda Sefasdes mxolod sadavo qoneba, e.i. davis sagani. magaliTad, Tu sarCeli aRZrulia qonebidan wilis gamoyofis Sesaxeb unda ganisazRvros am wilis fasi da amis mixedviT 79 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ganisazRvros saxelmwifo baJis odenoba. aseve, Tu saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivari moiTxovs mikuTvnebuli Tanxis gazrdas, sarCelis fasi iqneba im Tanxis odenoba, ra odenobiTac is moiTxovs gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebiT mikuTvnebuli Tanxis gazrdas. magaliTad, Tu sasamarTlom nawilobriv daakmayofila sarCeli 10,000 laris odenobiT, xolo nawilobriv uari uTxra mis dakmayofilebaze 20,000 laris odenobiT, rac mxarem gaasaCivra, maSin saapelacio saCivris fasi iqneba 20 000 lari. 3. dava SeiZleba gamoiwvios 41-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „k” qvepunqtiT ganmtkicebulma debulebam, romlis Tanaxmad davis sagnis fasi ganisazRvreba 4 000 lariT, Tu qonebriv davaSi (sakuTrebis xelyofa an sxvagvari xelSeSla, samezoblo dava da sxva) SeuZlebelia davis sagnis fasis gansazRvra. saqme isaa, rom davis sagnis fasis miTiTeba mosarCelis movaleobaa. es movaleoba pirdapiraa gaTvaliswinebuli 178-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „v” qvepunqtiT, Tu mosarCele ar Seavsebs am xarvezs mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmisa da misi mosarCelisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. (ix. 178-e da 185-e muxlebis komentari). mosamarTles mxolod erTi ram SeuZlia: Tu mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli davis sagnis fasi ar Seesabameba sadavo qonebis namdvil sabazro Rirebulebas, maSin es fasi TviTon mosamarTlem unda gansazRvros, Tu saWiroa, specialistis monawileobiT (ix. me-40 muxlis komentari). magram, Tu mosamarTlem ver SeZlo davis sagnis fasis gansazRvra, man unda ixelmZRvanelos davis sagnis im fasiT, romelzec miuTiTebs mosarCele Tavis sarCelSi. 4. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsSi 2006 wlis 13 ivliss Setanili cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Sedegad amoRebul iqna 43-e muxli, romelic araqonebriv davebSi sarCelis (davis sagnis) fasis gansazRvris wess adgenda. amis nacvlad SemoRebul 80 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari iqna araqonebriv davebSi saxelmwifo baJis (da ara davis sagnis) mtkiced gansazRvruli odenoba (ix. 39-e muxlis „T” qvepunqti). amitom, kolizia araqonebriv davis sagnis Rirebulebasa da qonebrivi davis Rirebulebas Soris aRar unda warmoiSvas . muxli 42. davis sagnis fasis winaswar gansazRvra Tu sarCelis aRZvris momentSi SeuZlebelia davis sagnis Rirebulebis zustad gansazRvra, saxelmwifo baJis odenobas winaswar gansazRvravs mosamarTle, Semdeg ki xdeba damatebiT gadaxdevineba an zedmetad gadaxdilis ukan dabruneba saqmis gadawyvetisas dadgenili sarCelis fasis Sesabamisad. _ sarCelis aRZvris dros yovelTvis ar aris SesaZlebeli davis sagnis Rirebulebis zustad gansazRvra, amitom kanonmdebeli uSvebs SesaZleblobas winaswar, daaxloebiT mainc ganisazRvros baJis odenoba (da ara sagnis Rirebuleba), xolo Semdeg ki SeiZleba moxdes damatebiT gadaxdevineba an zedmetad gadaxdilis ukan dabruneba imis mixedviT, Tu rogor ganisazRvra sarCelis fasi sabolood. _ mosarCeles SeuZlia, mas Semdeg rac man aRZra sarCeli, gaadidos Tavisi sasarCelo moTxovna an Secvalos sarCelis sagani (83-e muxlis me-2 nawili). sasarCelo moTxovnis gadidebis SemTxvevaSi Sesabamisad unda moxdes damatebiTi gadaxdevineba, xolo Tu sarCelis sagnis Secvla iwvevs davis sagnis gadidebas, am SemTxvevaSic unda moxdes damatebiTi gadaxdevineba. magram Tu moxda sasarCelo moTxovnis Semcireba an Tu sarCelis sagnis Secvlam gamoiwvia aseTi Semcireba, maSin Sesabamisad unda moxdes baJis Semcirebac, e. i. zedmetad gadaxdilis ukan dabruneba. damatebiTi gadax- 81 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali devineba an zedmetad gadaxdilis ukan dabruneba SeiZleba moxdes sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT. muxli 43. amoRebulia muxli 44. saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebia: a) mowmeebis, specialistebisa da eqspertebisaTvis misacemi Tanxebi; b) Tarjimnad mowveuli pirebisaTvis misacemi Tanxebi; g) adgilobriv daTvalierebaze gaweuli xarjebi; d) mopasuxis moZebnis xarjebi; e) sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi; v) advokatisaTvis saxelmwifo salarodan gadaxdili Tanxebi. z) specialur saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi sasamarTlo eqspertizis Catarebis xarjebi 1. 44-e muxli Seicavs saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis amomwurav CamonaTvals. saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi saxelmwifo baJTan erTad Seadgens maT erTobliobaSi sasamarTlo xarjebs. yvela sxva xarjebi aris sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebi (37-e muxlis me-3 naw.) 2. xarjebi, romlebic unda mieceT mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs da Tarjimnebs gaTvaliswinebulia 45-e muxliT. rac Seexeba adgilze daTvalierebas, sasamarTlom unda gansazRvros am xarjebis odenoba da daakisros misi gadaxda erT-erT an orive mxares, imisda mixedviT 82 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari erT-erTi mxaris Tu sasamarTlos iniciativiT warmoebs daTvaliereba (ix. 126-e muxlis komentari). 3. mopasuxis Zebnis gamocxadebas iTvaliswinebs 3566-e muxlis pirveli nawili (ix. am muxlis komentari). garda amisa, „saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis 30-e muxli iTvaliswinebs movalis Zebnas saqmeebze alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb, sxeulis dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxvagvari dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis sikvdiliT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, rodesac movalis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia an roca igi specialurad aridebs Tavs movaleobis Sesrulebas. aseT SemTxvevebSi mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba policiis organoebis meSveobiT movalis Zebnis Sesaxeb. 4. gadawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebac dakavSirebulia garkveul xarjebTan, es xarjebi gaTvaliswinebulia „saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis 39-e muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebul xarjebs miekuTvneba: 1. im pirebisaTvis asanazRaurebeli Tanxebi, romelTa mowvevac aucilebeli iyo karebis an sacavis gaxsnisaTvis; 2. nivTebis Sesanaxad gadasaxdeli Tanxebi; 3. xarjebi, romlebic warmoiSva sajaro vaWrobis gamocxadebisas; 4. xarjebi, romlebic warmoiSva movalis dakavebiT; 5. auqcionis Catarebis xarjebi. mopasuxis moZebnisa da gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis anazRaureba warmoebs am kodeqsis 51-e muxliT, agreTve „saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis 38-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. 51-e muxlis komentari). 5. saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebul xarjebs miekuTvneba advokatisaTvis saxelmwifo salarodan gadaxdili Tanxebi, rasac iTvaliswinebs 47-e muxlis me-2 nawili (ix. am muxlis komentari). 6. specialur saeqsperto dawesebulebaTa kategorias miekuTvnebian kerZo specialuri saeqsperto dawesebulebebi da saxelmwifo specialuri saeqsperto dawesebulebebi. am dawesebulebaTa 83 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali eqspertebis mier gaweuli SromisaTvis da sasamarTloSi gamocxadebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis anazRaurebis wess gansazRvravs 45-e muxlis pirveli da me-2 nawilebi (ix. am muxlis komentari). muxli 45. mowmeebis, eqspertebis, specialistebisa da TarjimnisaTvis gadasaxdeli Tanxebi 1. mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs, Tarjimnebs aunazRaurdebaT sasamarTloSi gamocxadebisaTvis gaweuli mgzavrobisa da sacxovrebeli sadgomis daqiravebis xarjebi da miecemaT dRiuri Tanxa. amasTan, kerZo specialuri saeqsperto dawesebulebebi (damoukidebeli eqspertebi), specialistebi, Tarjimnebi iReben gasamrjelos dadebuli SeTanxmebis safuZvelze sasamarTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSaosaTvis. anazRaurebis odenobis gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba dro, romelic maT unda moaxmaron sasamarTlos davalebis Sesrulebas, masalebi, romlebic saWiro iqneba am movaleobis saTanadod SesrulebisaTvis da sxva. 2. saxelmwifo specialuri saeqsperto dawesebulebisaTvis sasamarTlo-saeqperto momsaxurebis (specialistis, Tarjimnis) anazRaurebas axorcielebs eqspertizis damniSvneli organo (Tanamdebobis piri), saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier dadgenili normebisa da tarifebis Sesabamisad, im SemTxvevebis garda, rodesac aRniSnuli momsaxurebis gaweva warmoebs saxelmwifo an sxva saxsrebidan gamoyofili programuli dafinansebis farglebSi. 3. muSakebs, romlebic mowmeebad arian 84 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari dabarebulni sasamarTloSi, samuSao adgilze unarCundebaT saSualo xelfasi. mowmeebs, romlebic ar arian SromiT urTierTobaSi, samuSaodan an Cveulebrivi saqmianobidan mocdenisaTvis eZlevaT gasamrjelo faqtobrivad daxarjuli droisa da Sromis anazRaurebis minimaluri odenobis gaTvaliswinebiT. 1. am muxlSi CamoTvlil yvela pirs, mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs da Tarjimnebs, romlebic mowodebuli arian daexmaron sasamarTlos marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi, ekuTvniT anazRaureba mgzavrobisaTvis, sacxovrebeli sadgomis daqiravebisaTvis da kvebisaTvis im odenobiT, rac gansazRvrulia TiToeuli am miznisaTvis Sesabamisi tarifebiT qveynis SigniT mivlinebisaTvis, xolo Tu aseTi tarifebi ar arsebobs maSin faqtiurad gaweuli xarjebisaTvis, rac unda dadasturdes Sesabamisi dokumentebiT sasamarTlosaTvis wardgeniT. 2. garda am xarjebisa eqspertebi, Tarjimnebi da specialistebi damatebiT iReben gasamrjelos sasamarTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSaosaTvis. am gasamrjelos miRebis odenoba, safuZveli da wesi gansxvavebulia imis mixedviT, Tu romeli saeqsperto dawesebulebis TanamSromelia eqsperti (Tarjimani, specialisti). 3. Tu eqsperti (Tarjimani, specialisti) kerZo specialuri saeqsperto dawesebulebis TanamSromelia, romelsac am muxlis me-2 nawili „damoukidebel eqsperts” uwodebs, maSin isini gasamrjelos iReben im odenobiT, rac gansazRvrulia maTsa da sasamarTlos Soris dadebuli SeTanxmebiT. 45-e muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs zogad kriteriums, romlis safuZvelze sasamarTlom unda gansazRvros im gasamrjelos odenoba, romelic unda mieces eqsperts, specialists, Tarjimans. am kriteriumis Tanaxmad 85 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali eqspertis gasamrjelos odenobis gansazRvrisas sasamarTlom mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos dro, romelic man, agreTve Tarjimanma, specialistma unda moaxmaron sasamarTlos davalebis Sesrulebas, masalebi, romlebic saWiro iqneba am movaleobis Sesasruleblad an romlebic unda gaanalizos eqspertma da a.S. 4. sxva wesiT iRebs gasamrjelos eqsperti, (Tarjimani, specialisti), romelic saxelmwifo specialuri saeqsperto dawesebulebis TanamSromelia. anazRaurebas axorcielebs eqspertizis damniSvneli organo an am organos Sesabamisi Tanamdebobis piri, magaliTad, sasamarTlo (mosamarTle), prokuratura (prokurori, gamomZiebeli) da a.S. aseT SemTxvevaSi anazRaurebis odenobis gansazRvra warmoebs saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier dadgenili normebisa da tarifebis Sesabamisad.10 im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saxelmwifo specialuri saeqsperto dawesebuleba saeqsperto an sxvagvar momsaxurebas axorcielebs saxelmwifo an sxva saxsrebidan gamoyofili programuli dafinansebis farglebSi, maSin eqspertizis damniSvneli organo Tavisufldeba yovelgvari anazRaurebisagan, ris Sesaxebac unda ecnobos am organos (Tanamdebobis pirs). 45-e muxlis me-2 nawilis azrisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT saxelmwifo saeqsperto dawesebulebis eqsperti (Tarjimani, specialisti) gasamrjelos iRebs ara uSualod eqspertizis damniSnavi organosagan, aramed saxelmwifo saeqsperto dawesebulebisagan, romelsac Sesabamisi tarifebis mixedviT gadaericxeba Tanxa. 5. Tu mowmeebad gamosaZaxebeli pirebi umuSevrebi arian, maT garda am muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebuli Tanxebisa, eZlevaT agreTve gasamrjelo faqtobrivad daxarjuli droisa da Sromis anazRaurebis im minimaluri odenobis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac dadgenilia oficialurad mTeli qveynis masStabiT. 10 ix. saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2005 wlis 11 martis dadgenileba „sasamarTlo-saeqsperto momsaxurebis tarifebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb“ 86 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 46. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan gaTavisufleba 1. saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian: a) mosarCeleebi - alimentis gadaxdevinebis sarCelebze; b) mosarCeleebi _- dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxva dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis sikvdiliT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis sarCelebze; g) mosarCeleebi -_ danaSauliT miyenebuli materialuri zaralis anazRaurebis sarCelebze; d) mxareebi - ukanono msjavrdebis, sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi ukanonod micemis, aRkveTis RonisZiebad dapatimrebis ukanonod gamoyenebis an gamasworebel samuSaoTa saxiT administraciuli saxdelis ukanonod dadebis Sedegad moqalaqisaTvis miyenebuli zaralis anazRaurebasTan dakavSirebul sarCelebze; e) mosarCeleebi - arasrulwlovanTa uflebebis darRvevasTan dakavSirebul sarCelebze; v) mxareebi, romlebic arian socialurad daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa erTian bazaSi registrirebuli pirebi, rac dasturdeba socialurad daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa erTian bazaSi registraciis mowmobiT; z) mxareebi - winaswari (Sualeduri) gadwyvetilebis saapelacio da sakasacio wesebiT gasaCivrebisas. 2. kanoniT SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebul iqnes saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan mxareTa gaTavisuflebis sxva SemTxvevebic. 87 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 1. im SemTxvevaTa CamonaTvali, romlebsac Seicavs 46-e muxli, ar aris amomwuravi, radgan am muxlis mier meore nawilis Tanaxmad, kanonmdeblobiT SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebul iqnes saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan gaTavisuflebis sxva SemTxvevebic. 2. „saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis me-5 muxli afarTovebs im pirTa wres, romlebic Tavisufldebian saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdisagan. amitom, mizanSewonilad vcaniT mTlianad gadmogvetana Sesabamisi amonaridi „saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonidan: 1. saerTo sasamarTloebSi gansaxilvel saqmeebze saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian: a) fizikuri pirebi - sarCelebze xelfasis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb da sxva moTxovnebze Sromis anazRaurebis Taobaze, romlebic gamomdinareobs Sromis samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan; b) mosarCeleni - sarCelebze, romlebic gamomdinareobs saavtoro, agreTve aRmoCenis, gamogonebis, racionalizatoruli winadadebebisa da samrewvelo nimuSebis uflebebidan; g) mosarCeleni - sarCelebze alimentebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb; d) fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebi - maTze im dokumentebis gacemisaTvis, romlebic dakavSirebulia sisxlis samarTlisa da alimentis saqmeebTan; e) mosarCeleni - sarCelebze zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, romelic miyenebulia dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxva dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis sikvdiliT; v) fizikuri pirebi - sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebTan dakavSirebul sakasacio saCivrebze danaSaulis Sedegad miyenebuli materialuri zaralis amoRebis sisworis Sesaxeb; z) socialuri dazRvevis organoebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofis organoebi regresul sarCelebze zianis mimyeneblis mier dazaralebulze gacemuli daxmarebis 88 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari an pensiis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb, xolo socialuri uzrunvelyofis organoebi - agreTve sarCelebze arasworad miRebuli daxmarebebisa da pensiebis Sesaxeb; T) mosarCele - danaSauliT miyenebuli materialuri zaralis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb sarCelze; i) mxareebi - sakasacio saCivrebze ganqorwinebis saqmeebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb; k) Sinagan saqmeTa organoebi, rogorc mosarCeleebi sarCelebze im pirebis ZebnasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, romlebic Tavs arideben alimentebisa da sxva msgavsi Tanxebis gadaxdas; l) saxelmwifo safinanso-sakredito, sagadasaxado, sabaJo da sxva makontrolebeli organoebi, rogorc mosarCeleebi an mopasuxeebi - sarCelebze gadasaxadebis, mosakreblebis, saxelmwifo baJisa da sxva aucilebeli gadasaxdelebis biujetSi gadaxdisa da biujetidan Tanxebis dabrunebis Sesaxeb, agreTve gansakuTrebuli warmoebis saqmeebze; m) invalidebi, invalidTa sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi, maTi dawesebulebebi, saswavlo-sawarmoo organizaciebi da gaerTianebebi - yvela sarCelze; m1) socialurad daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa erTian bazaSi registrirebuli piri, rac dasturdeba socialurad daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa erTian bazaSi, registraciis mowmobiT; n) mosarCeleni - sarCelebze istoriuli, mxatvruli da sxva faseulobis ukanono mflobelobidan gamoTxovis Sesaxeb; o) mxareebi - sarCelebze materialuri zaralis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, romelic miyenebulia fizikuri piris ukanonod gasamarTlebis, misi sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi ukanonod micemis, aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT ukanonod dapatimrebis an dapatimrebis saxiT administraciuli saxdelis ukanonod dadebis Sedegad; p) iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi da ltolvilebi - saCivrebze maTi iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirad da ltolvilad arcnobis Sesaxeb; 89 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali J) saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro, rogorc mosarCele an mopasuxe sarCelebze garemos gaWuWyianebisa da garemos dacvis kanonmdeblobis sxva darRvevebis Sedegad saxelmwifosaTvis miyenebuli zaralis asanazRaureblad biujetSi Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb; r) veteranebi, romlebmac „omisa da SeiaraRebuli Zalebis veteranebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis moTxovnaTa dasacavad mimarTes sasamarTlos; s) saqarTvelos ekonomikis, mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis saministro - saxelmwifo qonebis privatizebasTan dakavSirebul sadavo sakiTxebze; t) sajaro reestris erovnuli saagento, rogorc mosarCele an mopasuxe - sarCelze miwis dacvis wesebis Seusruleblobisa da miwis kanonmdeblobis sxva darRvevebis Sedegad saxelmwifosaTvis miyenebuli zianis asanazRaureblad biujetSi Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb; u) dawesebulebebi (organizaciebi) romelTa xarjebi finansdeba mxolod saxelmwifo biujetidan - yvela saqmeze; f) arqiteqturul-samSeneblo inspeqciebi, rogorc mosarCeleebi an mopasuxeebi, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT maT kompetencias mikuTvnebul sakiTxebze; q) mSobeli an arasrulwlovanis kanonieri warmomadgeneli, rogorc mosarCele - sarCelze arasrulwlovnis uflebebis darRvevis an misTvis miyenebuli qonebrivi Tu moraluri zianis anazRaurebis Taobaze; R) saqarTvelos erovnuli banki - yvela sarCelze. y) likvidaciaSi myofi komerciuli bankebi da arasabanko sadepozito dawesebulebebi-sakredito kavSirebi - komerciuli bankebisa da arasabanko sadepozito dawesebulebebis - sakredito kavSirebisaTvis daufaravi sesxebis, sesxebis 90 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari procentebisa da sxva debitoruli davalianebebis dabrunebaze aRZrul yvela sarCelze; S) saqarTvelos fasiani qaRaldebis erovnuli komisia - „fasiani qaRaldebis bazris Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi; C) mosarCele - ukanono da dausabuTebeli qonebis saxelmwifosTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb aRZrul sarCelebze; c) mosarCele - Tanamdebobis pirTa ukanono da dausabuTebeli qonebisa da reketuli qonebis saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze aRZrul sarCelebze; Z) saqarTvelos Tavisufali vaWrobisa da konkurenciis saagento, rogorc mosarCele an mopasuxe - sarCelze Tavisufali vaWrobisa da konkurenciis kanonmdeblobis moTxovnaTa darRvevebis Taobaze; w) saqarTvelos iusticiis saministro, rogorc mosarCele - normatiul aqtebTan dakavSirebul sadavo sakiTxebze. 2. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi saerTo sasamarTloebis mier Setanil konstituciur wardginebaze saxelmwifo baJi ar gadaixdevineba”. 3. 46-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „a” qvepunqtisa da „saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis me-5 muxlis „g” punqtis Tanaxmad sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian mosarCeleebi alimentis gadaxdevinebis sarCelebze. es imas niSnavs, rom, Tu mosarCele moiTxovs alimentis moculobis Semcirebas, aseTi mosarCeleebi gadaixdian saxelmwifo baJs, magram Tu isini moiTxoven alimentis gadaxdevinebas an misi moculobis gazrdas - aseTi mosarCeleni gaTavisuflebulni arian baJis gadaxdisagan. 46-e muxlis „g” qvepunqtisa da „saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis pirveli nawilis „T” qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian mosarCeleebi danaSauliT miyenebuli 91 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali zaralis anazRaurebis sarCelebze, magram aq mxedvelobaSia danaSauli, romelic dadasturebulia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCeniT, romliTac mopasuxe aRiarebulia damnaSaved. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan Tavisufldebian mosarCeleebi, magram ara mopasuxeebi, romlebic aRiarebuli arian damnaSaveebad. analogiurad, 46-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „d” qvepunqtis gamoyenebisas saWiroa, rom arsebobdes Sesabamisi kompetenturi organos, kerZod sasamarTlos dadgenileba (ganaCeni, ganCineba), romliTac piri cnobilia ukanonod msjavrdebulad, sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi ukanonod micemulad, administraciuli sasjelis ukanonod dadebulad da a.S. 4. 46-e muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesidan gamomdinare mosarCeleebi am muxlSi CamoTvlil SemTxvevebSi Tavisufldebian ara sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan saerTod, aramed sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan saxelmwifo biujetSi. es imas niSnavs, rom isini ar arian gaTavisuflebuli iseTi xarjebisagan, romlebic maT unda gadaixadon erT-erTi mxaris sasargeblod. muxli 47. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan gaTavisufleba sasamarTlos mier 1. sasamarTlos, moqalaqis qonebrivi mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT SeuZlia mTlianad an nawilobriv gaaTavisuflos igi saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan. 2. Tu mxares ar SeuZlia advokatis xarjebis anazRaureba, sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs am mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze moiwvios advokati saxelmwifos xarjze, Tu gansaxilveli saqmis mniSvnelobisa da sirTulis gamo advokatis monawileoba am saq92 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari mis ganxilvaSi mizanSewonilia. aseT SemTxvevaSi advokati miiRebs anazRaurebas saxelmwifo biujetidan davis sagnis Rirebulebis 4 procentamde odenobiT. araqonebrivi davis dros gansaxilveli saqmis mniSvnelobisa da sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiT advokati miiRebs anazRaurebas saxelmwifo biujetidan 2000 laramde odenobiT. 3. erTi mxaris gaTavisufleba sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan meore mxaris sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis valdebulebebze gavlenas ar axdens. 1. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan sasamarTlom SeiZleba gaaTavisuflos mxolod fizikuri da ara iuridiuli piri. iuridiuli piris mimarT dasaSvebia mxolod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadadeba an maTi odenobis Semcireba (48-49-e muxlebi). fizikuri piris sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas sasamarTlom mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos ori garemoeba: pirveli _ moqalaqis qonebrivi mdgomareoba, ris gamoc mas ar aqvs saSualeba gadaixados sasamarTlo xarjebi. am garemoebis dadasturebis tvirTi ekisreba TviTon am fizikur pirs, da meore, gaTavisufleba SeiZleba mxolod iseTi sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, romlebic saxelmwifo biujetSi unda Cairicxos. amitom, mxare ar SeiZleba gaTavisufldes iseTi sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, romlebic erT-erTi mxaris sasargeblod unda gadaixados. 2. saxelmwifos xarjze advokatis mowvevisaTvis saWiroa Semdegi pirobebis erTdroulad arseboba: a) saqmis masalebidan unda Candes, rom mas ar SeuZlia misi qonebrivi mdgomareobis gamo advokatis xarjebis anazRaureba. b) gansaxilveli saqme imdenad mniSvnelovani da rTulia, rom Zneli iqneba daicvas mxarem Tavisi uflebebi. 93 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 3. Tu sasamarTlom sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan gaaTavisufla erT-erTi mxare, es cxadia ar aTavisuflebs meore mxares aseTi xarjebis gadaxdisagan. meore mxare valdebulia gaiRos yvela is xarji, rasac is gaiRebda, rom erT-erTi mxare ar yofiliyo gaTavisuflebuli xarjebis gadaxdisagan (ix. 53-e muxlis komentari). muxli 48. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadadeba da maTi odenobis Semcireba sasamarTlos, mxareTa qonebrivi mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeuZlia erT an orive mxares gadaudos saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxda, anda Seamciros am xarjebis odenoba. _ sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gaTavisuflebasTan erTad (47-e muxli) samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs: a) sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadadebas; da b) sasamarTlo xarjebis odenobis Semcirebas. ra Tqma unda, sasamarTlos SeuZlia erTdroulad Seamciros sasamarTlo xarjebis odenoba da gadaudos mxares am Semcirebuli xarjebis gadaxda. TiToeuli am sakiTxis gadawyvetisas sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs erTi kriteriumiT _ mxareTa qonebrivi mdgomareobiT. _ sasamarTlo xarjebis odenobis Semcireba yovelTvis ar aris damokidebuli sasamarTlos mixedulebaze. arsebobs kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli konkretuli safuZvlebi, romelTa arsebobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo valdebulia Seamciros sasamarTlo xarjebis odenoba (49-e muxli). _ sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadadebis, Tu maTi odenobis Semcirebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic ar saCivrdeba. 94 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 49. saxelmwifo baJis odenobis Semcireba 1. Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze mosarCele uars ityvis sarCelze, mopasuxe cnobs sarCels an mxareebi morigdebian, saxelmwifo baJis odenoba naxevrdeba. 2. Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomamde mosarCele uars ityvis sarCelze, mopasuxe cnobs sarCels an mxareebi morigdebian, mxareebi mTlianad Tavisufldebian saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdisagan. 3. Tu sarCelze uaris Tqma an sarCelis cnoba davis sagnis mxolod nawils Seexeba, saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdis valdebuleba ganisazRvreba darCenili nawilis Sesabamisad. 4. saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloebSi saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdisagan mTlianad gaTavisufleba an saxelmwifo baJis odenobis ganaxevreba xdeba am muxliT dadgenili wesiT, mxolod am instanciebisaTvis gansazRvruli saxelmwifo baJis odenobis farglebSi. 1. mosarCelis mier sarCelze uarisTqma, mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnoba, mxareTa morigeba warmoadgens dispoziciurobis principis konkretul gamovlinebas, am principis praqtikul realizacias. kanonmdebeli yovelnairad cdilobs waaxalisos mxareTa aseTi moqmedeba, radgan igi xels uwyobs procesis ekonomiis principis moTxovnaTa ganxorcielebas, saqmis gadawyvetis daCqarebas, procesis xarjebis Semcirebas da a.S. swored aRniSnuli mosazrebiTaa ganpirobebuli am muxlis pirveli nawiliT damkvidrebuli debuleba, romlis Tanaxmad saxelmwifo baJis odenoba 95 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali naxevrdeba, Tu mosarCele uars ityvis sarCelze mopasuxe cnobs sarCels, an mxareebi morigdebian. magram romeli mxare ixdis im ganaxevrebul saxelmwifo baJs? es sakiTxi mowesrigebulia 54-e muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad Tu mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze baJis naxevars gadaixdis TviT es mosarCele, xolo, Tu mopasuxem cno sarCeli baJis am naxevars mopasuxe gadaixdis. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxareebi morigdebian baJis naxevris gadaxda ganawildeba orive mxares Soris, magram Tu mxareebma TviTon gaiTvaliswines baJis gadaxdis ganawilebis wesi, sasamarTlo am sakiTxs gadawyvets maTi SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad (54-e muxlis me-2 naw.) 2. mxareebi mTlianad Tavisufldebian saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdisagan, Tu sarCelze uaris Tqma, sarCelis cnoba an mxareTa morigeba ganxorcielda sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomamde. 3. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sarCelze uaris Tqma an sarCelis cnoba davis sagnis mxolod nawils Seexos. aseT SemTxvevaSi baJis odenoba ganisazRvreba davis sagnis im nawilis fasis mixedviT, romelzec uars ar ambobs mosarCele, an ar cnobs mopasuxe. 5. mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, agreTve mxareTa morigebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (ix. 272-e muxlis komentari), romelzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. am ganCinebaSi unda aRiniSnos saxelmwifo baJis ganaxevrebis, Tu misgan mTlianad gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, imis mixedviT, Tu romel etapze Tqva mosarCelem uari sarCelze an romel etapze morigdnen mxareebi. mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayoflebis Sesaxeb (ix. 208-e muxlis me-3 nawilis komentari). 96 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 6) sarCelze uaris Tqma, sarCelis cnoba an mxareTa morigeba dasaSvebia saapelacio da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloebSic. magram saxelmwifo baJis ganaxevreba an misi gadaxdisagan mTlianad gaTavisufleba SeiZleba Seexos mxolod saapelacio saCivrisaTvis an sakasacio saCivrisaTvis Setanil saxelmwifo baJs. es imas niSnavs, rom saxelmwifo baJis odenoba, romelic Setanilia pirveli instanciiT saqmis ganxilvisaTvis ucvleli rCeba. muxli 50. adgilze daTvalierebiT gamowveuli xarjebis anazRaureba Tu adgilze daTvaliereba xdeba am sasamarTlos teritoriuli gansjadobis farglebs gareT, sasamarTlos an mosamarTles, romelic aseT daTvalierebas awarmoebs, aunazRaurdeba mgzavrobasTan, binis daqiravebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi, agreTve miecema dRiuri Tanxa. _ 50-e muxli iTvaliswinebs adgilze daTvalierebiT gamowveuli xarjebis anazRaurebis dasaSvebobas, Tu aseTi daTvaliereba xdeba `sasamarTlos teritoriuli gansjadobis farglebs gareT.~ aq igulisxmeba iseTi viTareba, rodesac teritoriuli gansjadobis gareTa farglebi, sadac unda moxdes adgilze daTvaliereba, imdenad daSorebulia daTvalierebis Camtarebeli sasamarTlos gansjadobis teritoriidan, rom saWiro xdeba damatebiTi xarjebis gaReba mgzavrobisaTvis, binis daqiravebisaTvis da kvebisaTvis. _ adgilze daTvalierebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis dafarvis wesi Camoyalibebulia 126-e muxlSi. mgzavrobisaTvis, binis daqiravebisa da kvebisaTvis anazRaurebis odenoba unda ganisazRvros saqarTvelos teritoriaze samivlinebo xarjebisaTvis dad- 97 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali genili tarifebis mixedviT, xolo Tu aseTi ar arsebobs _ faqtobrivad gaweuli xarjebis mixedviT. muxli 51. mopasuxisa da movalis moZebna mopasuxis moZebna, roca es gaTvaliswinebulia kanoniT, warmoebs saxelmwifo biujetis xarjze da gadaxdeba, Sesabamisad, mopasuxes _- saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg, xolo movales -_ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis dros. movales gadaxdeba agreTve sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi. mopasuxis Zebnis gamocxadeba gaTvaliswinebulia 3566 muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad reketiris, qurduli samyaros wevris, maTi ojaxis wevrisa da maTTan dakavSirebul pirTa mimarT SesaZlebelia gamocxaddes Zebna. rac Seexeba movalis Zebnas _ es gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos kanoniT `saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~. am kanonis 30-e muxlis Tanaxmad, saqmeebze alimentis gadaxdevinebis, sxeulis dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxvagvari dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis sikvdiliT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, rodesac movalis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia, an roca igi specialurad aridebs Tavs movaleobis Sesrulebas, mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba policiis organoebis meSveobiT movalis Zebnis Sesaxeb. amrigad, movalis Zebnis Sesaxeb ganCineba gamoaqvs mosamarTles (sasamarTlos) aRmasruleblis an kreditoris Suamdgomlobis (gancxadebis) safuZvelze. _ Zebna warmoebs saxelmwifo biujetis xarjze, magram ZebnisaTvis gaweuli xarjebi, mas Semdeg, rac warmodgenili iqneba Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Sesabamisi ganyofilebis angariSi (gancxadeba) movalis Zeb98 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari naze gaweuli xarjebis Sesaxeb, daekisreba movales gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis dros. ZebnasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis movalisaTvis dakisrebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. sasamarTlo xarjebis gamo gamotanil yovelgvar ganCinebaze, maT Soris ganCinebaze movalisaTvis Zebnis xarjebis dakisrebis gamo SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (56-e muxli). muxli 52. mxaris mier sasamarTlo xarjebis winaswari Setana sasamarTlo xarjebi (saxelmwifo baJi da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi), kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebis garda, winaswar Seaqvs mxares, romelmac Sesabamisi saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba moiTxova. Tu aseTi moqmedebis Sesruleba sasamarTlos iniciativiT xdeba, maSin es Tanxa orive mxares Seaqvs Tanabarwilad. _ saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis saxeebs gansazRvravs 44-e muxli, xolo saxelmwifo baJis odenobas _ 39-e muxli. iseT sasamarTlo xarjebs, rogoricaa mowmeebisaTvis, specialistebisa da eqspertebisaTvis misacemi Tanxebi, agreTve adgilze daTvalierebis xarjebs winaswar ixdis mxare, romelmac Sesabamisi SuamdgomlobiT mimarTa sasamarTlos. Tu aseTi SuamdgomlobiT orive mxarem mimarTa an Tu aseTi saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba sasamarTlos iniciativiT xdeba, maSin xarjebs orive mxare ixdis Tanabarwilad. gamonakliss am mxriv warmoadgens mopasuxis da movalis moZebnis xarjebi, romelic mxares Seaqvs mas Semdeg, roca Zebna Catarda da ganisazRvra danaxarjebis odenoba, rac daixarja am mizniT. _ rogorc saxelmwifo baJis, ise sxva saxis sasamar99 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali Tlo xarjebis winaswar Setanisagan mxare Tavisufldeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi kanonis Tanaxmad an sasamarTlos mier gaTavisuflebulia aseTi xarjebis gadaxdisagan (46-47-e muxlebi), an Tu mxares sasamarTlom gadaudo xarjebis gadaxda (48-e muxli). muxli 53. sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba mxareTa Soris 1. im mxaris mier gaRebuli xarjebis gadaxda, romlis sasargeblodac iqna gamotanili gadawyvetileba, ekisreba meore mxares, Tundac es mxare gaTavisuflebuli iyos saxelmwifo biujetSi sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan. Tu sarCeli dakmayofilebulia nawilobriv, maSin mosarCeles am muxlSi aRniSnuli Tanxa miekuTvneba sarCelis im moTxovnis proporciulad, rac sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT iqna dakmayofilebuli, xolo - mopasuxes _ sarCelis moTxovnaTa im nawilis proporciulad, romelzedac mosarCeles uari eTqva. im mxaris warmomadgenlis daxmarebisaTvis gaweul xarjebs, romlis sasargeblodac iqna gamotanili gadawyvetileba, sasamarTlo daakisrebs meore mxares gonivrul farglebSi, magram ara umetes am kodeqsis 47-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli odenobisa. 2. am muxlSi aRniSnuli wesebi Seexeba agreTve sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebas, romlebic gaswies mxareebma saqmis saapelacio da sakasacio instanciebSi warmoebisas. 3. Tu saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarTlo Secvlis gadawyvetilebas an gamoitans axal gadawyvetilebas, igi Sesabamisad Secvlis sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebasac. 4. Tu saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarT100 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari lo daabrunebs saqmes xelaxla gansaxilvelad, mTeli sasamarTlo xarjebi, rac gaweulia am saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT, sarCelis aRZvridan dawyebuli, unda Sejamdes da Semdeg ganawildes mxareTa Soris am muxlis mixedviT. 1. 53-e muxlis pirveli nawili kidev erTxel azustebs wess, romlis Tanaxmad esa Tu is mxare SeiZleba gaTavisufldes mxolod im sasamarTlo xarjebidan, romlebic saxelmwifo biujetSi unda iqnes Setanili. magram mxare ar SeiZleba gaTavisufldes xarjebisagan, romlebic mowinaaRmdege mxaris sasargeblod unda iqnes gadaxdili. amrigad, Tu mosarCelem Seitana saxelmwifo baJi da sasamarTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba misi sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb, maSin am xarjebis gadaxda im odenobiT, rac mosarCelem Seitana saxelmwifo baJis saxiT (agreTve sxva xarjebi), daekisreba mopasuxes mosarCelis sasargeblod, miuxedavad imisa, gaTavisuflebulia Tu ara igi saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan. TavisTavad cxadia, rom mxareTa Soris sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba, erTi mxaris mier gaweuli xarjebis meore mxareze gadakisreba unda moxdes sarCelis im moTxovnis proporciulad, romelic daakmayofila an romelzec uari uTxra sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT. 53-e muxlis pirveli nawilis bolo abzaci gansazRvravs warmomadgenlis daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis anazRaurebas, roca gadawyvetileba gamotanilia im mxaris sasargeblod, romelmac aseTi xarjebi gawia. am SemTxvevaSac moqmedebs wesi, romlis Tanaxmad, Tu sarCeli mTlianad ki ara, nawilobriv iqna dakmayofilebuli, maSin warmomadgenlis daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebi daekisreba meore mxares im moTxovnis proporciulad, rac sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT iqna dakmayofilebuli. kanoni gansazRvravs mxaris mier warmomadgenlis 101 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis im odenobis maqsimums, romelic SeiZleba gadaekisros meore mxares: davis sagnis Rirebulebis 4% (47 muxlis me-2 nawili). am maqsimumis farglebSi sasamarTlos TviTon SeuZlia Tavisi SexedulebiT, gonivrul farglebSi gansazRvros daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis odenoba, romelic meore mxares unda daekisros. warmomadgenlis daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis odenobis gansazRvris aseTi wesi qmnis am odenobis xelovnurad gazrdis dabrkolebas, rac saboloo angariSSi icavs im mxaris interesebs, romelsac am xarjebis anazRaureba unda gadaekisros. 2. sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis igive wesebi gamoiyeneba saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloSi im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarTlo Secvlis gadawyvetilebas an gamoitans axal gadawyvetilebas. maSin mas evaleba TviTonve Secvalos sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebac. mxedvelobaSia ara marto saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivrisaTvis gadaxdili baJi, aramed xarjebi, romlebic gaiRes mxareebma qvemdgom instanciebSi saqmeTa ganxilvisas. 4. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da saqmes abrunebs xelaxla gansaxilvelad, maSin sasamarTlo, romelsac saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad daubrunda, xelaxla gaanawilebs sasamarTlo xarjebs, imis Sesabamisad, Tu rogor gadawyvetilebas gamoitans saqmis xelaxla ganxilvis Sedegad. xelaxla gadanawileba moicavs sasamarTlo xarjebs mTlianad, rac gaweulia sarCelis aRZvridan saqmis xelaxla ganxilvis Sedegad miRebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde. 102 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 54. sasamarTlo xarjebisa da advokatis daxmarebis gamo gadasaxdeli xarjebis ganawileba sarCelze uaris Tqmisa da morigebisas 1. Tu mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze, mis mier gaweul xarjebs mopasuxe ar aanazRaurebs, magram Tu mosarCelem mxari ar dauWira Tavis moTxovnas imis gamo, rom mopasuxem nebayoflobiT daakmayofila igi sarCelis aRZvris Semdeg, maSin mosarCelis TxovniT sasamarTlo mopasuxes daakisrebs mosarCelis mier gaweuli xarjebisa da advokatis daxmarebis gamo gaweuli yvela xarjis anazRaurebas. 2. Tu mxareebma morigebis dros TviTon gaiTvaliswines sasamarTlo xarjebisa da advokatis daxmarebis gamo gaweuli xarjebis ganawilebis wesi, sasamarTlo am sakiTxs wyvets maTi SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad. 1. sarCelze uaris Tqma SeiZleba sxvadasxva motiviT iyos ganpirobebuli. yvela SemTxvevaSi aseTi uaris Sedegad mopasuxes ar ekisreba im xarjebis anazRaureba, romelic mosarCelem gaswia. erTaderTi SemTxveva, rodesac mopasuxes SeiZleba daekisros mosarCelis mier gaweuli xarjebis anazRaureba, esaa mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma im motiviT, rom mopasuxem nebayoflobiT daakmayofila igi sarCelis aRZvris Semdeg. magram aq aucilebelia erTi piroba _ mosarCelis Txovna, rom es xarjebi da advokatis daxmarebis gamo gaweuli xarjebis anazRaureba daekisros mopasuxes. Tu aseTi Txovna ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo Tavisi iniciativiT amas ver gaakeTebs. 2. mxareTa morigebis SemTxvevaSi, maT SeuZliaT erTmaneTSi SeTanxmdnen sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawile103 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali bis wesze, rac savaldebuloa sasamarTlosaTvis. Tu mxareebi ar SeTanxmebulan, maSin sasamarTlom TviTon Tavisi iniciativiT unda gaanawilos mxareTa Soris sasamarTlo xarjebi. amasTan, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli 49-e muxlis danawesi (ix. am muxlis komentari). _ 54-e muxlSi laparakia advokatis daxmarebis gamo gaweul xarjebze, magram aucileblad unda vigulisxmoT ara marto advokati, aramed sxva warmomadgenlebic, romlebic mindobilobis safuZvelze fasian daxmarebas uweven mxares. 3. sarCelze uaris Tqmisa Tu mxareTa morigebis gamo, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba (272-e da 273-e muxlebi), romelSic unda Caiweros, Tu romel mxares ra xarjebi da ra odenobiT unda daekisros. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mxarem mimarTos sasamarTlos xarjebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb mas Semdeg, roca sasamarTlom ukve gamoitana ganCineba, romelSic araferia naTqvami xarjebis ganawilebis Taobaze. maSin sxva gza ar aris, sasamarTlom 261-e muxlis analogiiT unda gamoitanos damatebiTi ganCineba da gansazRvros Tu romelma mxarem ra xarjebi unda gaswios. muxli 55. saxelmwifosaTvis sasamarTlo xarjebis anazRaureba 1. sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT gaweuli xarjebi da saxelmwifo baJi, romelTa gadaxdisagan gaTavisuflebuli iyo mosarCele, gadaxdeba mopasuxes biujetis Semosavlis sasargeblod, moTxovnaTa im nawilis proporciulad, romelic dakmayofilebulia. 2. sarCelze uaris Tqmisas sasamarTlos mier gaweuli xarjebi gadaxdeba mosarCeles saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod. Tu sarCeli dakmayofilebulia nawilobriv, xolo mopasuxe gaTavisuflebulia sasamarT104 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari lo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT gaweuli xarjebi saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod gadaxdeba mosarCeles, romelic ar aris gaTavisuflebuli sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, sasarCelo moTxovnaTa im nawilis proporciulad, romlis dakmayofilebazec mas uari eTqva. 3. Tu orive mxare gaTavisuflebulia sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, maSin sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT gaweul xarjebs gaiRebs saxelmwifo. 1. 55-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi kanonmdebeli gulisxmobs ori saxis xarjebs: pirveli _ esaa sasamarTlos mier uSualod gaweuli xarji, rac dakavSirebulia saqmis ganxilvasTan da rac gaiRo sasamarTlom imis gamo, rom mxare, romelsac igi unda gaeRo, gaTavisuflebuli iyo aseTi xarjebisagan da meore _ saxelmwifo baJi, romlis gadaxdisagan gaTavisuflebuli iyo mosarCele. am xarjebis gadaxda daekisreba mopasuxes mxolod moTxovnaTa im nawilis proporciulad, romelic dakmayofilebulia. 2. 55-e muxlis me-2 nawili ar SeiZleba miviCnioT rogorc gamonaklisi saerTo wesidan, rac imas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlos mier gaweuli xarjebi mosarCeles gadaxdeba saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi araa gaTavisuflebuli xarjebis gadaxdisagan. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan orive mxaris gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi am xarjebs saxelmwifo gaiRebs. muxli 56. amoRebulia 105 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i VI saproceso uzrunvelyofa muxli 57. uzrunvelyofis garantia 1. Tu am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi mxares daekisra im zaralis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa, romelic SeiZleba ganicados mowinaaRmdege mxarem Sesabamisi saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebiT, Tu mxareebi sxva rameze ar SeTanxmebulan, man aseTi uzrunvelyofa unda ganaxorcielos fuladi Tanxis an fasiani qaRaldebis saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sadepozito angariSze Setanis gziT, rac saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis mixedviT misaRebia garantiis uzrunvelsayofad. 2. sasamarTlom SeiZleba SeRavaTiani pirobebiT dauSvas uzrunvelyofis sxva saSualeba, kerZod, romelime sakredito dawesebulebis mier gacemuli Tavdeboba. 1. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi agebulia mxareTa Tanasworobis principze. am principis erT-erTi gamovlinebaa orive urTierTdapirispirebuli mxaris interesebis Tanabrad gaTvaliswineba ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros. magaliTad, mosarCelis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos ganCineba sarCelis da maT Soris, jer kidev araRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 191-e da 192-e muxlebi), agreTve gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 271-e muxli). sskis 199-e muxli iTvaliswinebs im zaralis anazRaurebas, rac mxarem ganicada uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gatarebiT. 106 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari _ amave dros, 57-e muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs mowinaaRmdege mxaris interesebs da mxares, romelmac aseTi uzrunvelyofa moiTxova, Tavis mxriv, SeiZleba daekisros im zaralis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa, romelic SeiZleba ganicados mowinaaRmdege mxarem. uzrunvelyofis saproceso saSualebad miCneulia fuladi an fasiani qaRaldebis dadeba, rac unda ganxorcieldes saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sadepozito angariSze S etaniT. 2. 57-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, piri, romlis TxovniTac Sesrulda esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba, magaliTad, sarCelis uzrunvelyofa, gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadeba da a. S., SeiZleba gaaTavisuflos sasamarTlom fuladi Tanxebis Tu fasiani qaRaldebis dadebis movaleobisagan, Tu mis mier warmodgenili iqneba uzrunvelyofis sxva saSualeba. ssk-is 57-e muxlis meore nawilSi miTiTebulia aseT `sxva saSualebaze~, kerZod, romelime sakredito dawesebulebis mier gacemul Tavdebobaze, magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia uzrunvelyofis garantiad gamoiyenos samoqalaqo kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva saSualebebic. aq erTi ramaa misaRebi mxedvelobaSi _ uzrunvelyofis ra saSualebac ar unda gamoiyenos sasamarTlom, man es unda gaaformos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 892-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tavdebobis namdvilobisaTvis saWiroa Tavdebis werilobiTi gancxadeba da Tavdebis pasuxismgeblobis raodenobrivad gansazRvruli maqsimaluri Tanxis miTiTeba. _ SeuZlia Tu ara sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT (mxaris Suamdgomlobis gareSe) ganaxorcielos uzrunvelyofis garantia? 57-e muxlis pirveli nawili calsaxad miuTiTebs, rom mxare, romelic Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe iseTi saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis Taobaze, romliTac mowinaaRmdege mxares SeiZleba miadges 107 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ziani, _ ar SeuZlia Semoifarglos mxolod aseTi moTxovniT. man imavdroulad unda SesTavazos sasamarTlos garantia, romelic Tavis mxriv uzrunvelyofs im zaralis anazRaurebas, rac mowinaaRmdege mxarem SeiZleba ganicados am saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebiT, vTqvaT _ sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT. amrigad, aq sasamarTlos iniciativis sakiTxi ar dgas. mxare, romelic moiTxovs magaliTad, sarCelis uzrunvelyofas, valdebulia miuTiTos Tu ras sTavazobs igi sasamarTlos da cxadia _ mowinaaRmdege mxares im zaralis uzrunvelsayofad, romelic am mowinaaRmdege mxarem SeiZleba ganicados. ra Tqma unda, Tu mxare am movaleobas ar asrulebs _ sasamarTlom unda Seaxsenos mas Seasrulos es movaleoba, magram Tu mxare amas ar akeTebs, sasamarTlom ar unda daakmayofilos misi Txovna saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebaze. saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebaze Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli mxaris aseTi movaleoba moixsneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxareebi TviTon `SeTanxmdnen sxva rameze~. muxli 58. uzrunvelyofis safuZvlis moxsna Tu moixsneba safuZveli, romlis gamoc ganxorcielda uzrunvelyofa, maSin is mxare, romlis sasargeblodac moxda aseTi uzrunvelyofa, valdebulia daabrunos uzrunvelyofis garantia. _ uzrunvelyofis safuZvlis moxsna gulisxmobs im garemoebebis aRmofxvras, ris gamoc sasamarTlom miiRo ganCineba uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, sarCelis uzrunvelyofis safuZvelia am sarCelze momavalSi misaRebi gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis garTuleba an aseTi aRsrulebis SeuZlebloba (191-e mux108 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari li). aqedan gamomdinare, Tu miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba im piris winaaRmdeg, vinc moiTxova sarCelis uzrunvelyofa, an kidev, Tu miRebul iqna misTvis xelsayreli gadawyvetileba, romelic ukve aRsrulda, maSin moixsneba kidec uzrunvelyofis garantiis aucilebloba (safuZveli). aseve, Tu mxarem moiTxova mis winaaRmdeg gamotanili gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadeba (SeCereba), ris gamoc meore mxarem moiTxova gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadebiT gamowveuli zaralis anazRaurebisaTvis uzrunvelyofis garantia da es moTxovna daakmayofila sasamarTlom, maSin Tu gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadeba gauqmdeba, moixsneba kidec uzrunvelyofis garantiis safuZveli. igive iTqmis gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis daSvebisas am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi misi aRsrulebis Sebrunebis uzrunvelsayofad miRebul garantiaze (268-e muxlis me-2 nawili). _ yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac moixsneba safuZveli, ris gamoc ganxorcielda uzrunvelyofa, mxarem, Tu mas hqonda gadacemuli uzrunvelyofis garantia (magaliTad, raime nivTi), an sasamarTlom, Tu aseTi garantia imyofeboda saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sadepozito angariSze - unda daabrunos igi. uzrunvelyofis garantiis dabruneba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiT, ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba. 109 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i VII saproceso vadebi muxli 59. saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis vada 1. saproceso moqmedeba sruldeba kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi. 2. Tu saproceso vada kanoniT ar aris dadgenili, mas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo. saproceso vadis xangrZlivobis gansazRvrisas sasamarTlom unda gaiTvaliswinos im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis SesaZlebloba, risTvisac es vada dainiSna. 3. samoqalaqo saqmeebs sasamarTloebi ganixilaven gancxadebis miRebis dRidan ara ugvianes 2 Tvisa, xolo gansakuTrebiT rTuli kategoriis saqmeebze, ganmxilveli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT es vada SeiZleba gagrZeldes ara umetes 5 Tvisa, garda alimentis gadaxdevinebis, dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxva dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis sikvdiliT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis, SromiTi urTierTobebidan da „sacxovrebeli sadgomiT sargeblobisas warmoSobili urTierTobebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonidan gamomdinare moTxovnis Sesaxeb saqmeebisa, romlebic ganxilul unda iqnes araugvianes 1 Tvisa. 1. saproceso vadebi ori saxisaa: kanonismieri vadebi da sasamarTlo vadebi. a) kanonismieri vadebi _ vadebi, romlebic kanoniTaa dadgenili. es imas niSnavs, rom saproceso moqmedeba am kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi unda Sesruldes. magaliTad, saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada aris erTi 110 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Tve ( 369-e muxli). es imas niSnavs, rom saapelacio saCivari erT TveSi unda iqnes Setanili. b) sasamarTlosmieri vadebi _ esaa vadebi, romlebic sasamarTlos mieraa gansazRvruli. sasamarTlos SeuZlia gansazRvros ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis vada mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aseTi vada araa dadgenili kanoniT. magaliTad, Tu sarCeli xarveziania, sasamarTlo miscems vadas mosarCeles am xarvezis Sesavsebad (185-e muxli). cxadia, rom am vadas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo. vadis gansazRvrisas sasamarTlom TviTon unda gaiangariSos Tu ramdeni dro dasWirdeba saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas da amis mixedviT daniSnos vada. 2. 59-e muxlis mesame nawili gansazRvravs pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebSi saqmeTa ganxilvis vadebs. samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis vada am sasamarTloebSi aris 2 Tve. mxolod gansakuTrebiT rTul saqmeebze es vada SeiZleba gagrZeldes 5 Tvemde. konkretuli saqmis ganxilvis orTviani vadis gagrZelebis sakiTxs wyvets TviTon am saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlo (mosamarTle), romelsac amis Sesaxeb gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu raSi gamoixateba gansaxilveli saqmis gansakuTrebuli sirTule da ra droiT gagrZelda misi ganxilva. am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba. _ aseTi ganCineba mosamarTles gamoaqvs saqmis momzadebis stadiaze da ara mas Semdeg, roca gavida sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebidan ori an xuTi Tve, rogorc amas zogjer praqtikaSi aqvs adgili e.i. roca ukve gadis an gavida saqmis ganxilvis kanoniT dadgenili vadebi. _ saqmis sirTule SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiT, rom masSi monawileoben an monawileoba unda miiRon TanamosarCeleebma, Tanamopasuxeebma, mesame pirebma damoukidebeli moTxovniT an mis gareSe, Semotanilia Segebebuli sarCeli da a. S. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom 111 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali saqmeSi ar iyos monawile pirTa simravle, magram igi rTulia faqtobrivi an samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT (magaliTad, misaRebia dokumentebi ucxo qveynidan, dasakiTxia mowme, romelic sxva qalaqSi an sxva qveyanaSi cxovrobs, samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT gasaanalizebelia kanonis Tu samarTlis analogiis gamoyenebis sakiTxi da a. S.). 59-e muxlis azri mdgomareobs imaSi, rom dauSvebelia gansakuTrebiT rTuli saqmeebis kategorias mivakuTvnoT saqmeebi mxolod imitom, rom ar dagverRves saqmeTa ganxilvis vadebi. 3. 59-e muxlis mesame nawili Seicavs im kategoriis saqmeTa CamonaTvals, romlebic ganxilul unda iqnen araugvianes 1 Tvisa. es aris kanonis kategoriuli moTxovna da am vadebis darRveva dauSvebelia. muxli 60. saproceso vadis gamoTvla 1. saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis vada ganisazRvreba zusti kalendaruli TariRiT, im garemoebaze miTiTebiT, romelic aucileblad unda dadges, an drois monakveTiT. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi moqmedeba SeiZleba Sesruldes drois mTeli monakveTis ganmavlobaSi. 2. wlebiT, TveebiT an dReebiT gamosaTvleli saproceso vadis dena iwyeba im kalendaruli TariRis an im movlenis dadgomis momdevno dRidan, romliTac gansazRvrulia misi dasawyisi. 1. saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis vada SeiZleba ganisazRvros: a) zusti kalendaruli TariRiT. magaliTad, Tu sasamarTlom miiRo gadawyvetileba gadaudos mxares sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxda (48-e muxli), maSin sasamarTlom Tavis ganCinebaSi unda miuTiTos zusti kalen112 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari daruli TariRi (mag., 2004 wlis 5 seqtembramde), rodemdec gadaedo am xarjebis gadaxda. b) im garemoebaze miTiTebiT, romelic unda dadges. magaliTad, Tu saqmis warmoeba SeCerebulia imis gamo, rom jer unda gadawydes sxva saqme, romelic sxva sasamarTloSi ganixileba, maSin am saqmis warmoeba SeiZleba ganaxldes mxolod mas Semdeg, roca kanonier ZalaSi Seva sxva sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (279-e da 281-e muxlebi). g) drois monakveTiT. magaliTad, gancxadebis Setana axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 5 wlis gasvlis Semdeg (426-e muxlis me-4 nawili). 2. Zalian didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs imis zustad gansazRvras, Tu saidan iwyeba saproceso vadis dena. magaliTad, kerZo saCivris Setanis vada aris 12 dRe. magram saidan daiwyeba am 12 dRiani vadis gamoTvla? am 12 dRiani vadis dasawyisia ganCinebis gadacemis momenti, xolo Tu am ganCinebis gamocxadebas eswreboda kerZo saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piri, maSin vadis dasawyisia misi gamocxadebis momenti (416-e muxli). am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, kerZo saCivris Setanis 12 dRiani vadis gamoTvla unda daiwyos Sesabamisad ganCinebis gadacemis meore (Semdgomi) dRidan an am ganCinebis gamocxadebis meore dRidan. e. i. Tu ganCineba gadaeca mxares 10 noembers, am ganCinebis gasaCivrebis vadis dena daiwyeba 11 noembridan da damTavrdeba 22 noembers. am wesiT unda moxdes vadebis gamoTvla, roca vadebi ganisazRvreba wlebiT, TveebiT, an dReebiT. 113 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 61. saproceso vadis damTavreba 1. wlebiT gamosaTvleli vada damTavrdeba vadis ukanaskneli wlis Sesabamis Tvesa da ricxvSi. TveebiT gamosaTvleli vada gasulad CaiTvleba vadis ukanaskneli Tvis Sesabamis Tvesa da ricxvSi. Tu TveebiT gamosaTvleli vadis ukanasknel Tves saTanado ricxvi ara aqvs, maSin vada damTavrebulad CaiTvleba am Tvis ukanasknel dRes. 2. Tu vadis ukanaskneli dRe emTxveva uqme da dasvenebis dRes, vadis damTavrebis dRed CaiTvleba misi momdevno pirveli samuSao dRe. 3. saproceso moqmedeba, romlis Sesasrulebladac dadgenilia vada, SeiZleba Sesruldes vadis ukanaskneli dRis ocdaoTx saaTamde. Tu saCivari, sabuTebi an fuladi Tanxa fostas an telegrafs Cahbarda vadis ukanaskneli dRis ocdaoTx saaTamde, vada gasulad ar CaiTvleba. 1. 61-e muxli gansazRvravs wlebiTa da TveebiT gamosaTvleli vadis damTavrebis erTian wess. am wesis Tanaxmad, saproceso vada mTvardeba wlis an Tvis bolo dRes. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setana dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 5 wlis Semdeg ( 426-e muxlis me-4 nawili). 2. saproceso vadis dena ganuwyvetliv mimdinareobs. es imas niSnavs, rom arasamuSao dReebisa Tu dResaswaulebis gamokleba ar xdeba. garda amisa, Tu vada iwyeba arasamuSao dRes, vadis denac am dRidan iwyeba, magram Tu vada gadis arasamuSao dRes, maSin vadis damTvarebis dRed iTvleba am arasamuSao Tu sadResaswaulo dRis Semdgomi momdevno samuSao dRe. 114 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 3. vadis ukanaskneli dRe gasulad iTvleba am bolo dRis 24-saaTis Semdeg. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu saproceso moqmedeba Sesrulda saproceso vadis ukanaskneli dRis 24 saaTamde, saproceso moqmedeba vadaSi Sesrulebulad iTvleba. magaliTad, saapelacio saCivari Cabarda fostas vadis ukanaskneli dRis 24 saaTze. saCivari iTvleba vadaSi Setanilad. muxli 62. saproceso vadis SeCereba yvela daumTavrebeli saproceso vada SeCerdeba saqmis warmoebis SeCerebiT. vadebis SeCereba daiwyeba im garemoebaTa warmoSobis dRidan, romlebic safuZvlad daedo warmoebis SeCerebas. warmoebis ganaxlebis dRidan saproceso vadis dena ganaxldeba. _ saqmis warmoebis SeCereba dasaSvebia kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi. magaliTad, 279-e da 280e muxlebi iTvaliswineben saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis safuZvlebs. _ Tu sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb, am muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli erT-erTi safuZvliT, maSin SeCerdeba daumTavrebeli saproceso vadis denac, magram am vadis dena SeCerdeba ara im dRidan, roca sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba, aramed im dRidan, roca warmoiSva warmoebis SeCerebis safuZveli. _ rodis ganaxldeba saproceso vadis dena? saproceso vadis dena kvlav ganaxldeba mxolod mas Semdeg, roca aRmoifxvreba garemoeba, romelic safuZvlad daedo warmoebis SeCerebas. magaliTad, sasamarTlom SeaCera saqmis warmoeba imis gamo, rom mxare imyofeba xangrZliv samsaxurebriv mivlinebaSi. rogorc ki es mxare dabrundeba mivlinebidan, saproceso vadis dena daiwyeba, oRond amisaTvis sasamarTlom un115 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali da miiRos ganCineba SeCerebuli saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb. swored am ganCinebis miRebidan ganaxldeba saproceso vadis denac. _ amrigad, saproceso vadis dena SeCerdeba im droidan, roca warmoiSva saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis safuZveli, da ara saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebis miRebidan, xolo saproceso vadis dena ganaxldeba ara im droidan, roca warmoiSva warmoebis ganaxlebis safuZveli, aramed im droidan, roca sasamarTlom miiRo ganCineba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb. muxli 63. saproceso vadis gasvlis Sedegebi saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis ufleba gaqarwyldeba kanoniT dadgenili an sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli vadis gasvlis Semdeg. saCivari an sabuTebi, romlebic Setanilia saproceso vadis gasvlis Semdeg, ganuxilvelad darCeba. _ ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis vadebi dadgenilia aramarto mxareebisaTvis, aramed sasamarTlosTvisac. vadebi SeiZleba gansazRvros sasamarTlom saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebisaTvis, magaliTad, werilobiTi Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis warmodgenisaTvis im piris mier, visTanac isini inaxeba. imis mixedviT, Tu vin gauSva saproceso vada, am vadis gaSvebis Sedegebic sxvadasxvanairia. magaliTad, Tu sasamarTlom gauSva samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvis vada, igi mainc valdebulia ganixilos es saqme, Tu pirma sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi ar warmoadgina werilobiTi Tu nivTieri masalebi, romlebic masTan inaxeba, igi mainc valdebulia es gaakeTos da a. S. _ magram, Tu mxarem kanoniT an sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi ar Seasrula saproceso moqmedeba, 116 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari maSin igi kargavs am moqmedebis Sesrulebis uflebas. magaliTad, Tu mxarem kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi ar gaasaCivra sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, igi kargavs am uflebas da gadawyvetileba Sedis kanonier ZalaSi. _ saproceso vadebis gagrZeleba (ssk 64-e muxli) an aRdgena (ssk 65-e muxli) dasaSvebia, oRond kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi da wesiT. _ 63-e muxli Seicavs erT metad mniSvnelovan debulebas, romlis Tanaxmad saCivari an sabuTebi, romlebic Setanilia saproceso vadis gasvlis Semdeg, ganuxilvelad darCeba. kanonis es danawesi mniSvnelovania im TvalsazrisiTac, rom xels uwyobs mxareebSi Tu saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebSi kanonisadmi da sasamarTlosadmi pativiscemis ganwyobis Camoyalibebas, maTSi disciplinisa da organizebulobis aRzrdas. muxli 64. saproceso vadis gagrZeleba sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli vada sasamarTlom SeiZleba gaagrZelos mxareTa TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT. _ 64-e muxls mxedvelobaSi aqvs im samoqalaqo saproceso vadis gagrZelebis SesaZlebloba, romelic sasamarTlos mieraa daniSnuli. kanonismieri saproceso vadebis aRdgenas awesrigebs ssk 65-e muxli. _ sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli vadis gagrZeleba dasaSvebia rogorc dainteresebuli mxaris TxovniT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiTac. mxaris Suamdgomloba, saproceso vadis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb dasabuTebuli unda iyos, kerZod, miTiTebuli unda iyos mizezi, ris gamoc saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba ver xerxdeba daniSnul vadaSi. _ sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli vadis gagrZelebis dros ar unda gamoviyenoT kanonismieri vadis aRdge- 117 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali nisaTvis dadgenili wesi (ssk 66-e muxli), rogorc amas zogjer aqvs adgili sasamarTlo praqtikaSi.11 _ sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli saproceso vadis gagrZelebis an aseT gagrZelebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. Tu aseTi ganCineba ar arsebobs, vada ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos gagrZelebulad. saproceso vadis gagrZelebisa Tu aseTis gagrZelebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba. muxli 65. saproceso vadis aRdgena saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis kanoniT gansazRvruli vada, Tu kanoniT sxva ram ar aris dadgenili, SeiZleba aRadginos sasamarTlom, Tu cnobs, rom saproceso moqmedebis Seusrulebloba sapatio mizeziT moxda. sapatio mizezad CaiTvleba am kodeqsis 215-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi. _ saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli vadebis mimarT ssk iyenebs termins `vadis gagrZeleba~, xolo kanonismieri saproceso vadebis mimarT _ termins `vadis aRdgena~. marTalia, vadis gagrZelebis Tu vadis aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi erTsa da igive Sedegs vaRwevT, kerZod, saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis vada gadaiweva ufro Sors, magram aseT terminologiur gansxvavebas aqvs garkveuli safuZveli: sasamarTlo ver Secvlis an ver gaagrZelebs kanonismier vadebs, mas SeuZlia mxolod aRadginos es vada (66-e muxli). _ kanonismieri saproceso vadis aRdgena sasamarTlos iniciativiT dauSvebelia. kanonismieri saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos SeiZleba mi11 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, #2, 2003, gv. 273-274.. 118 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari marTon mxareebma (66-e da 67-e muxlebi). uari kanonismieri saproceso vadis aRdgenaze SeiZleba gaasaCivron mxareebma (68-e muxli). _ kanonismieri vadis aRdgena dauSvebelia, Tu kanoni TviTon krZalavs amas (magaliTad, ssk 369-e, 397-e da 416-e muxlebi), magram, Tu es akrZaluli araa sasamarTlos SeuZlia aRadginos vada, Tu am vadis gaSveba sapatio mizeziT moxda (ix. 215-e muxlis komentari). muxli 66. gancxadeba saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb 1. gancxadeba saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb Seitaneba im sasamarTloSi, romelSic unda Sesrulebuliyo saproceso moqmedeba. sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs am gancxadebas, Tu cnobs, rom saproceso vadis gaSveba sapatio mizeziT moxda. sapatio mizezad CaiTvleba am kodeqsis 215-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi. mxare, romelic moiTxovs kanonismieri saproceso vadis aRdgenas, valdebulia miuTiTos da daadasturos garemoebebi, romelTa mizeziT ver Seasrula saproceso moqmedeba. mizezi, ris gamoc mxarem droulad ver Seasrula esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba, SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvari iyos: xangrZlivi samsaxurebrivi mivlineba, avadmyofoba, Setyobinebis dagvianebiT miReba da a.S. (ix. 67-e da 215-e muxlebis komentari) kanonismieri vadis aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo niSnavs axal vadas saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis. 119 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 67. saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis forma da Sinaarsi gancxadeba saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos waredgineba werilobiT. masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos mizezebi, romlebmac ganapirobes saproceso moqmedebis vadaze Seusrulebloba, agreTve maTi damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi. _ gansxvavebiT sasamarTlosmieri saproceso vadebis gagrZelebisa, kanonismieri saproceso vadebis aRdgenis sakiTxis ganxilva-gadawyveta sakmaod detalurad wesrigdeba kanoniT. am wesis dacva savaldebuloa. gasaTvaliswinebelia is, rom mxaris werilobiT gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos aramarto im mizezebze, romlebmac ganapirobes saproceso moqmedebis Seusrulebloba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul vadebSi, aramed mtkicebulebebze, romlebic adastureben am mizezebs. magaliTad, Tu mxare miuTiTebs iseT mizezze, rogoricaa avadmyofoba an mivlineba, man unda warmoadginos amis dasadastureblad Sesabamisi cnobebi. sapatio mizezis damtkicebis tvirTi (movaleoba) mTlianad ekisreba ganmcxadebels, e. i. pirs, vinc moiTxovs vadis aRdgenas. sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, CaiTvalos Tu ara ganmcxadeblis mier dadasturebuli mizezi sapatiod, damokidebulia mosamarTlis mixedulebaze. muxli 68. saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilva 1. gancxadebas vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb ganixilavs sasamarTlo mxareTaTvis Seutyobineblad. 2. gadacilebuli saproceso vadis aRdge- 120 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari naze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. 1. 68-e muxlis pirveli nawili uSvebs vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilvis SesaZleblobas mxareTaTvis Seutyobineblad, magram ar krZalavs, rom am gancxadebis ganxilva moxdes mxareTa SetyobinebiT, Tu es sasamarTlos mizanSewonilad miaCnia. 2. gadacilebuli saproceso vadis aRdgenisa Tu aseTis aRdgenaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba mxolod sasamarTlos im ganCinebaze, romliTac uari eTqva ganmcxadebels saproceso vadis aRdgenaze. muxli 69. saproceso vadis aRgenasTan dakavSirebuli sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdevineba saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebul xarjebs gaiRebs mxare, romelmac droulad ver Seasrula saproceso moqmedeba. garda iseTi SemTxvevebisa, rodesac aseTi Seusrulebloba mowinaaRmdege mxaris mizeziT moxda. _ 69-e muxli naTlad da kategoriulad miuTiTebs, rom xarjebs, rac dakavSirebulia saproceso vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilvasTan, gaiRebs ganmcxadebeli, e. i. mxare, romelmac kanoniT an sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi ver Seasrula esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba. am xarjebis gadaxdis gadakisreba mowinaaRmdege mxareze dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saproceso moqmedebis Seusrulebloba am mowinaaRmdege mxaris mizeziT moxda. am mizezis damtkicebis tvirTi swored ganmcxadebels, e. i. im mxares ekisreba, romelic saproceso vadis aRdgenas moiTxovs. 121 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i VIII sasamarTlo Setyobineba da dabareba muxli 70. sasamarTlo uwyeba 1. mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs sasamarTlo uwyebiT ecnobebaT sasamarTlo sxdomis an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dro da adgili. uwyeba mxarisaTvis da misi warmomadgenlisaTvis Cabarebulad CaiTvleba, Tu igi Cabardeba erT-erT maTgans an am kodeqsis 74-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul subieqtebs. warmomadgeneli valdebulia uwyebis Cabarebis Sesaxeb acnobos mxares. sasamarTlo uwyebiT sasamarTloSi ibareben agreTve mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebsa da Tarjimnebs. 2. mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs sasamarTlo uwyeba unda CabardeT im varaudiT, rom maT\ hqondeT sasamarTloSi droulad gamocxadebisa da saqmis momzadebisaTvis gonivruli vada. 3. mxareebi, maTi warmomadgenlebi, agreTve mowmeebi, eqspertebi, specialistebi da Tarjimnebi SeiZleba daibaron telefonogramiT, depeSiT, eleqtronuli fostiT, faqsiT an sxva saSualebiT. teqnikuri saSualebebiT dabarebisas mieTiTeba am kodeqsis 72-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sakiTxebi. teqnikuri saSualebebiT dabarebis Sesaxeb dgeba aqti. aqts adgens sasamarTlos Sesabamisi moxele. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad sasamarTlo uwyeba aris is ZiriTadi saproceso dokumenti, romlis 122 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari meSveobiTac mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs ecnobebaT aramarto sasamarTlo sxdomis, aramed, agreTve, calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis (magaliTad, adgilze daTvalierebis, mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis da sxva) Sesrulebis dro da adgili.uwyeba egzavneba rogorc mxares, ise mis warmomadgenels. 70-e muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs agreTve Tu rodis CaiTvleba uwyeba Cabarebulad mxareebisaTvis da maTi warmomadgenlebisaTvis. am muxlis azrisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT mxarisaTvis da misi warmomadgenlisaTvis uwyeba Cabarebulad CaiTvleba: a) Tu uwyeba gaegzavna, rogorc mxares, aseve warmomadgenels da es uwyeba Cabarda erT-erT maTgans, e.i. an mxares uSualod, an mis warmomadgenels. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu uwyeba Cabarda mxares, man amis Sesaxeb unda acnobos mis warmomadgenels, xolo Tu uwyeba Cabarda warmomadgenels, man amis Sesaxeb unda acnobos Tavis warmomdgens (mxares). aRsaniSnavia, rom warmomadgenlis mimarT 70-e muxli akeTebs specialur daTqmas, romlis Tanaxmad „warmomadgeneli valdebulia uwyebis Cabarebis Sesaxeb acnobos mxares”, Tumca aseTi valdebuleba nagulisxmevia mxaris mimarTac. b) mxarisaTvis da misi warmomadgenlisaTvis uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba agreTve, Tu igi Cabarda im pirebs, romlebic CamoTvlilia 74-e muxlSi, kerZod, mxaris an misi warmomadgenlis ojaxis srulwlovan wevrs an samuSao adgilis administracias (ix. am muxlis komentari). sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabarebis aseTi wesis SemoRebasTan dakavSirebiT gansakuTrebul praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens sasarCelo gancxadebaSi, agreTve mopasuxis mier sarCelze gamogzavnil werilobiT pasuxSi (SesagebelSi) zusti miTiTeba warmomadgenlis vinaobisa da misi misamarTis 123 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali Sesaxeb, Tu ra Tqma unda, mxares yavs warmomadgeneli (ix. 178-e da 201-e muxlebis komentari). - mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs sasamarTlo acnobebs (atyobinebs) sasamarTlo sxdomis an saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros da adgils. es imas niSnavs, rom isini ar arian iuridiulad valdebulni gamocxaddnen sasamarTlo sxdomaze, an monawileoba miiRon saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebaSi. amasTan erTad, maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas an saqmis ganxilvas, Tu maT uwyeba gaegzavnaT kanoniT dadgenili wesiT. mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis gamoucxadeblobas SeiZleba moyves mxolod araxelsayreli Sedegebi maTTvis. swored amitom, gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebze miTiTebuli unda iyos uwyebaSi (72-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „z” qvepunqti). - rac Seexeba mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs, Tarjimnebs, maT sasamarTlo ubralod ki ar acnobebs (atyobinebs), aramed ibarebs, rac imas niSnavs, rom isini valdebulni arian gamocxaddnen, xolo gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi maT daekisrebaT kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgebloba (ix. 145-e da 168-e muxlebis komentari). - rac Seexeba sasamarTlos, mas evaleba Seatyobinos mxares da mis warmomadgenels sasamarTlos sxdomis Tu calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dro da adgili. aseTi Setyobinebis gareSe sasamarTlo ver Caatarebs da gamoitans gadawyvetilebas - es iqneba am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi (udavo) safuZveli. 2. 70-e muxlis me-2 nawili ar gansazRvravs drois im zust monakveTs, romlis ganmavlobaSic mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs unda CabardeT uwyeba. am sakiTxis gadawyveta mindobili aqvs sasamarTlos, oRond man unda ixelmZRvanelos im zogadi kriteriumiT, romelic aqaa Camoyalibebuli, kerZod: uwyeba maT unda CabardeT im varaudiT, rom sakmao 124 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari dro hqondeT sasamarTloSi droulad gamocxadebisaTvis da saqmisaTvis mosamzadeblad. rogorc Cans, sasamarTlom unda gaiTvaliswinos saidan unda Camovides mxare, misi warmomadgeneli, ramdeni dro dasWirdeba imisaTvis, rom moemzados sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamosasvlelad, saqmeSi damatebiTi masalebis gasacnobad, romlebsac igi adre, anu am saqmis momzadebis stadiaze ar gacnobia da a.S. 3. 70-e muxlis me-3 nawili uSvebs mxareTa, maT warmomadgenelTa, mowmeebis, eqspertebis, specialistebis, Tarjimnebis Setyobinebasa da gamoZaxebas telefonogramiT, depeSiT, eleqtronuli fostiT, faqsiT an sxva saSualebiT, romlebic Tavisi SinaarsiT unda pasuxobdnen 72-e muxlis moTxovnebs. teqnikuri saSualebiT gagzvnili sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabareba unda dadasturdes 73-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari)12. muxli 71. sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabareba sasamarTlo uwyeba dasabarebel pirs unda Cabardes mxaris mier miTiTebuli misamarTis mixedviT. Tu moqalaqe ar cxovrobs am misamarTze, uwyeba gaigzavneba alternatiuli misamarTis an misi samuSao adgilis mixedviT. _ mopasuxis dasaxeleba, agreTve misi misamarTis miTiTeba aris mosarCelis movaleoba (178-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqti). mxareebs evalebaT agreTve miuTiTon im pirTa misamarTebi, romelTa gamoZaxebaze Suamdgomloben sasamarTlos winaSe (magaliTad, ssk 140-e muxli). aseTi misamarTis miTiTebis gareSe sasamarTlo umoZraod datovebs sarCels (ssk 185-e muxli) an ki12 „uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis safuZvlebisa da drois Sesaxeb“ - ix. am Tavis danarTi, gv. 139. 125 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali dev, ar daakmayofilebs mxaris Suamdgomlobas mowmisa Tu sxva piris gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb. _ Tu aRmoCndeba, rom sasamarTloSi dasabarebeli piri ar cxovrobs faqtobrivad miTiTebul misamarTze, gamosavali erTia, uwyeba gaigzavneba alternatiuli misamarTis an misi samuSao adgilis mixedviT. aseTi misamarTisa Tu samuSao adgilis Sesaxebac sasamarTlos unda acnobos mxarem. _ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT iseTi cnebebi, rogoricaa `faqtobrivad arcxovreba~ da ` saerTod arcxovreba~. faqtobrivad arcxovrebaSi unda vigulisxmoT is, rom piri cxovrobda aq, magram sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo faqtobrivad aq aRar cxovrobs. magram Tu piri arasdros aq ar cxovrobda, iTvleba, rom arc faqtobrivad da arc iuridiulad igi mxaris mier miTiTebul misamarTze ar cxovrobs da arc ucxovria. aseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac es exeba mopasuxes, sakiTxi Semdegnairad SeiZleba gadawydes: mopasuxis dasaxelebis da misi misamarTis miTiTebis movaleoba ekisreba mosarCeles (178-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti). sarCelis miRebis dros sasamarTlo ar amowmebs, marTla cxovrobs Tu ara mopasuxe am sarCelSi miTiTebul misamarTze. sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg SeiZleba gairkves, rom sinamdvileSi mopasuxe aramarto ar cxovrobs faqtobrivad, aramed arc arasdros ar ucxovria am misamarTze. amasTan erTad, arc misi amJamindeli Tu yofili samuSao adgilia cnobili, romlis mixedviTac SeiZleboda uwyebis gagzavna. sxva sityvebiT, Tu mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia sasamarTlo ugzavnis Sesabamis organos anda gamoitans ganCinebas sajaro Setyobinebis Sesaxeb publikaciis meSveobiT (78-e muxlis pirveli nawili ). ufro martivad gadawydeba es sakiTxi mowmeebis, mxaris mier dasaxelebuli eqspertebis, specialistebis mimarT. Tu mxareebis mier miTiTebul misamarTze es pirebi ar cxovroben _ isini ver iqnebian gamoZaxebuli da dakiTxuli, xolo saqme gadawydeba mopovebuli da am saqmeSi arsebuli masalebiT. 126 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 72. sasamarTlo uwyebis Sinaarsi 1. uwyeba unda Seicavdes: a) sasamarTlos saxelwodebasa da zust misamarTs; b) miTiTebas droisa da adgilis Sesaxeb, xolo Tu uwyeba egzavneba warmomadgenels, - agreTve miTiTebas imis Taobaze, rom igi valdebulia acnobos amis Sesaxeb mxares, romlis warmomadgenelic aris; g) saqmis dasaxelebas, romlis gamoc ibareben ama Tu im pirs, da miTiTebas davis sagnis Sesaxeb; d) sasamarTloSi dasabarebeli piris vinaobas, agreTve imas, Tu ra statusiT aris igi dabarebuli, da miTiTebas arasapatio mizeziT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi mis mimarT gamosayenebeli zomebis Sesaxeb; e) winadadebas mxareebis mimarT, warmoadginon maTTan arsebuli yvela mtkicebuleba; v) miTiTebas imis Taobaze, rom adresatis aryofnisas uwyebis mimRebi piri valdebulia pirveli SesaZleblobisTanave Caabaros uwyeba adresats; z) miTiTebas gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebze da valdebulebas, acnobos sasamarTlos gamoucxadeblobis mizezebi. 2. sasamarTlo uwyebasTan erTad mosamarTle mopasuxes ugzavnis sasarCelo gancxadebasa da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebs. uwyebasTan erTad mosamarTle mosarCeles ugzavnis mopasuxis werilobiTi gancxadebis asls, Tu aseTi Semovida sasamarTloSi uwyebis gagzavnis droisaTvis. sasamarTloSi Semosuli yvela werilobiTi dokumentis asli SeiZleba gaegzavnos mxareebs mas Semdegac, roca uwyeba ukve gagzavnilia. 127 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 1. mxareebs _ mosarCelesa da mopasuxes uwyeba unda gaegzavnoT dadgenili formis mixedviT, romelic zustad asaxavs 72-e muxlis Sinaarss. aseve, dadgenili formis mixedviT unda gaegzavnoT uwyeba procesis sxva monawileebs, rogoricaa mowmeebi, eqspertebi, specialistebi da a. S. didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs sizustes anu uwyebaSi imis garkveviT miTiTebas, Tu ra saxiTaa (statusiTaa) dabarebuli sasamarTloSi adresati. amitom, sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos, Tu ramdenad sworadaa Sevsebuli sasamarTlo uwyebis formulari sasamarTlo Sesabamisi moxelis mier (sxdomis mdivani an mosamarTlis TanaSemwe). 2. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi sagangebo mniSvnelobas aniWebs saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebas. swored saqmis momzadebis mizniT sasamarTlom jer kidev mTvari sxdomis daniSvnamde unda gaugzavnos mopasuxes sarCelisa da masze TandarTuli dokumentebis aslebi, xolo mosarCeles mopasuxis mier warmodgenili Sesageblisa Tu sxva werilobiTi masalebis aslebi (201-e da 202-e muxlebi). mxolod mas Semdeg, roca Segrovilia yvela werilobiTi masala, roca werilobiTi Sejibreba damTavrebulia, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos mTavari sxdoma, anu zepiri sxdoma, zepiri Sejibreba (207-e muxli). aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, rom sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis droisa da adgilis Setyobinebis mizniT uwyebis gagzavnisas aRar iqneba imis aucilebloba, mxareebs gaegzavnoT werilobiTi masalebis aslebi. maT SeiZleba gaegzavnoT uwyebasTan erTad mxolod im masalis aslebi, romlebic ver iqna gadagzavnili adre. muxli 73. sasamarTlo uwyebis gagzavna 1. sasamarTlo uwyeba igzavneba fostiT an kurieris meSveobiT, agreTve am kodeqsis 70-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswineb128 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari uli teqnikuri saSualebebiT. 2. teqnikuri saSualebebiT gagzavnili sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabareba dasturdeba: a) telefonogramis SemTxvevaSi - telefonogramis gadacemis Sesaxeb Sedgenili aqtiT, romelSic mieTiTeba telefonogramis gadacemis dawyebisa da dasrulebis dro; b) depeSis SemTxvevaSi - depeSis Cabarebis Sesaxeb miRebuli SetyobinebiT; g) eleqtronuli fostis an faqsis SemTxvevaSi - Sesabamisi teqnikuri saSualebiT mowodebuli dadasturebiT. 3. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi uwyeba igzavneba aseve fostiT an kurieris meSveobiT. 4. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT dadasturebisas sasamarTlo uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba. 5. adresatisaTvis sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabarebis dro aRiniSneba mis meore egzemplarze, romelic sasamarTlos unda daubrundes. teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebisas uwyebis gadacemis dro aRiniSneba am kodeqsis 70-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul aqtSi. 6. mosamarTles SeuZlia mxaris TanxmobiT xelze misces mas sasamarTlo uwyeba Sesatyobinebeli an gamosaZaxebeli pirisaTvis Casabareblad. piri, romelsac mosamarTlem daavala uwyebis mitana, valdebulia sasamarTlos daubrunos misi meore egzemplari uwyebis miRebaze adresatis xelmoweriT. 7. Tu mxareebs, maT warmomadgenlebs, agreTve mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebsa da Tarjimnebs am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT ver ecnobaT sasamarTlo sxdomis an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis 129 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali dro da adgili, mosamarTles SeuZlia aRniSnuli pirebisaTvis sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabareba ganCinebiT daavalos adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos an saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros teritoriuli organoebis saubno samsaxurebs (ubnis inspeqtorebs). adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organo anda ubnis inspeqtorebi valdebuli arian ganCinebiT dadgenil vadaSi uzrunvelyon mxareebisaTvis, maTi warmomdagenlebisaTvis, agreTve mowmeebisaTvis, eqspertebisaTvis, specialistebisa da TarjimnebisaTvis sasamarTlo uwyebis Cabareba da misi Cabarebis, Cabarebis SeuZleblobis mizezebis an Cabarebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb acnobon mosamarTles. 8. fostiT an kurieris meSveobiT moqalaqisaTvis gagzavnili sasamarTlo uwyeba mas unda Cahbardes piradad, xolo moqalaqis samuSao adgilze, aseve organizaciisaTvis gagzavnili uwyeba unda Cahbardes kancelarias an aseTive daniSnulebis struqturul erTeuls anda pirs, xolo aseTis aryofnis SemTxvevaSi - organizaciis Sesabamis uflebamosil pirs, romelic uwyebas adresats gadascems. am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi uwyebis Cabareba dasturdeba uwyebis meore egzemplarze uwyebis mimRebis xelmoweriT. 1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac uwyeba gaigzavna fostiT an kurieris meSveobiT, uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba Tu am uwyebis meore egzemplarze, romelzec xels awers adresati, aRniSnulia misi Cabarebis dro, igi dabrunda sasamarTloSi da Cakerebulia saqmeSi. uwyebis meore egzemplars, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul 130 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba xels awerdes sxva piric (ix. 74-e muxlis komentari). aseT SemTxvevaSic uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba. 2. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac uwyeba gaigzavna teqnikuri saSualebis gamoyenebiT, uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba, Tu arsebobs Sesabamisad telefonogramis gadacemis Sesaxeb aqti, depeSis Cabarebis Sesaxeb miRebuli Setyobineba, eleqtronuli fostiT an faqsiT miwodebulis dadastureba (ix. am muxlis me-4 nawili). amasTan erTad, ar SeiZleba mxedvelobidan gauSvaT am muxlis me-5 nawilis moTxovna, romlis Tanaxmad teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebisas uwyebis gadacemis dro aRiniSneba am kodeqsis 70-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul aqtSi, romelsac adgens sasamarTlos Sesabamisi moxele, romelmac es aqti unda gadasces mosamarTles (TanaSemwes), romelic amzadebs saqmes da romelmac unda ganixilos es saqme. rogorc vxedavT, erT SemTxvevaSi uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba, rodesac igi Cabardeba uSualod adresats an 74-e muxlSi dasaxelebul pirs, xolo sxva SemTxvevaSi, kerZod teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebisas gadacemis drois dadasturebiT. am sakiTxis aseTnairad gadawyvetam praqtikaSi SeiZleba warmoSvas problemebi, kerZod sasamarTloSi gamosaZaxebelma pirma SeiZleba ganacxados, rom misTvis ar gadauciaT arc telefonograma, arc depeSa da arc faqsiT Setyobineba. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom faqsis an eleqtronuli fostis meSveobiT mxareTa gamoZaxeba unda moxdes im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare TviTon afiqsirebs, rom mas gaaCnia sacxovrebel binaSi an samuSao adgilze dasaxelebuli teqnikuri saSualebebi, uTiTebs Sesabamis misamarTs da gamoxatavs mzadyofnas aseTi saxis urTierTobaze. mizanSewonili SeiZleba iyos, rom praqtikam SeimuSaos wesi, romlis Tanaxmad damoukideblad imisa, Tu ra saSualebiT gaigzavna uwyeba (Setyobineba), igi Cabarebulad CaiTvleba, Tu 131 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali Cabarda uSualod adresats an, misi aryofnis SemTxvevaSi, ojaxis srulwlovan wevrs an samuSao adgilis administracias. Tu uwyeba igzavneba moqalaqis samuSao adgilze an egzavneba organizacias, igi unda Cabardes kancelarias an aseTive daniSnulebis struqturul erTeuls an kidev Sesabamis uflebamosil pirs, romelic uwyebas adresats gadascems (73-e muxlis me-8 nawili). 3. uwyebis gagzavna SeiZleba mxaris meSveobiTac, Tu sasamarTloSi gamocxadebuli mxare Tanaxmaa meore mxares an sasamarTloSi gamosaZaxebel nebismier pirs wauRos da Caabaros uwyeba. sasamarTlom aseT SemTxvevaSi unda gaafrTxilos mxare, rom igi valdebulia daabrunos uwyebis meore egzemplari adresatis xelmoweriT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi uwyeba Cabarebulad ar CaiTvleba. 4. 73-e muxlis me-7 nawili uSvebs SesaZleblobas, rom uwyebis Cabareba sasamarTlom daavalos adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos, anda ubnis inspeqtors, aseTi davaleba dasaSvebia iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxareebs mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs, Tarjimnebs „am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT ver ecnobaT sasamarTlo sxdomis an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dro da adgili”. aRniSnuli organoebisaTvis da Sss ubnis inspeqtorebisaTvis uwyebis Cabarebis davalebis misacemad sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. muxli 74. Setyobineba adresatis aryofnis SemTxvevaSi 1. Tu sasamarTlo uwyebis Cambarebelma sasamarTloSi gamosaZaxebeli moqalaqe ver naxa sacxovrebel an samuSao adgilze, igi uwyebas abarebs masTan mcxovreb ojaxis romelime srulwlovan wevrs an samuSao adgilis administracias am kodeqsis 73-e 132 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxlis me-8 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT. uwyebis mimRebi valdebulia uwyebis meore egzemplarze aRniSnos Tavisi saxeli, gvari, adresatTan damokidebuleba an dakavebuli Tanamdeboba. uwyebis mimRebi valdebulia uwyeba dauyovnebliv Caabaros adresats. Cabarebad CaiTvleba rogorc uwyebis piradad gadacema, aseve uwyebis mimRebis mier adresatisTvis uwyebis Sinaarsis cnobeba. 2. adresatis aryofnis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo uwyebis Cambarebelma uwyebis meore egzemplarze unda aRniSnos, sad aris wasuli adresati da rodis varaudoben mis dabrunebas. 1. 74-e muxlis pirveli nawili gulisxmobs adresatis moklevadian gasvlas sacxovrebeli an samuSao adgilidan, rac SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos sxvadasxva mizezebiT. aseTi moklevadiani aryofnis SemTxvevisTvisaa gaTvaliswinebuli 74-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli uwyebis Cabarebis wesi. am wesis dacviT Cabarebuli uwyeba iTvleba Cabarebulad, Tumca araa gamoricxuli, rom adresatma ver miiRos uwyeba im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom am uwyebis mimReb pirs gadaaviwyda an sxva mizeziT ver moaxerxa misi gadacema adresatisaTvis. cxadia, rom adresatma unda daadasturos sasamarTlos winaSe, rom misTvis uwyeba ar gadauciaT. 2. 74-e muxlis me-2 nawili awesrigebs iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac adresati marTalia droebiT, magram wasulia im dasaxlebuli punqtidan (qalaqidan, raionidan, soflidan), sadac igi mudmivad cxovrobs an muSaobs. aseT SemTxvevaSi uwyebis meore (sasamarTloSi dasabrunebel) egzemplarze unda aRiniSnos, sad aris wasuli adresati da rodis moelian mis dabrunebas.. _ sakasacio sasamarTlom savsebiT samarTlianad miaqcia yuradReba im garemoebas, rom adresatis droe133 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali biT wasvla sacxovrebeli adgilidan ar niSnavs mis mier sacxovrebeli adgilis gamocvlas; amitom, sasamarTlo movale iyo adresatisaTvis uwyeba gaegzavna ara ssk 76-e muxlis, aramed `amave kodeqsis 74-e muxlis moTxovnaTa dacviT, rac ar gaakeTa da riTac dairRva miTiTebuli norma. aRniSnuli darRveva ki, amave kodeqsis 394-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqtiT ganCinebis gauqmebis absoluturi safuZvelia~.13 muxli 75. uwyebis miRebaze uaris Tqma Tu adresatma uari ganacxada uwyebis miRebaze, misi mimtani piri saTanado aRniSvnas akeTebs uwyebaze, romelic sasamarTlos ubrundeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba da sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos saqme. _ marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba ar SeiZleba damokidebuli iyos mxaris da, miT umetes, saqmeSi monawile nebismieri sxva piris neba-survilze. amitom, Tu adresati marTalia imyofeba adgilze, magram uars ambobs uwyebis miRebaze, rac unda aRiniSnos am uwyebis meore egzemplarze, es ver SeuSlis xels marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebas, sasamarTlo sxdomis Catarebas, ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas. aseT SemTxvevaSi uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba aqedan gamomdinare yvela Tavisi SedegiT. es Sedegebi ki sxvadasxvaa imis mixedviT, Tu vin aris adresati: mxare, mowme, eqsperti, specialisti Tu Tarjimani. magaliTad, Tu mopasuxem uari Tqva uwyebis miRebaze da arc mTavar sxdomaze gamocxadda, mis mimarT SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba (ssk 230e muxli), Tu mowmed dabarebulma pirma uari ganacxada uwyebis miRebaze da arc gamocxadda sasamarTlo13 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, #3, 2000, gv. 102-103 134 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Si, mas daekisreba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgebloba (ssk 145-e muxli) da a.S. muxli 76. misamarTis Secvla saqmis warmoebis dros mxareebi da maTi warmomadgenlebi movaleni arian acnobon sasamarTlos saqmis warmoebis ganmavlobaSi TavianTi misamarTis Secvlis Sesaxeb. aseTi cnobis uqonlobisas uwyeba gaigzavneba sasamarTlosaTvis cnobil ukanasknel misamarTze da Cabarebulad iTvleba, Tundac adresati am misamarTze aRar cxovrobdes. _ Tu mxareebma da maTma warmomdgenlebma ar acnobes sasamarTlos TavianTi misamarTis Secvlisa da axali misamarTis Sesaxeb, amas SeiZleba moyves maTTvis araxelsayreli Sedegi. saqme isaa, rom sasamarTlo uwyebas gaagzavnis misTvis cnobil ukanasknel misamarTze da igi Cabarebulad CaiTvleba, Tundac adresati am misamarTze aRar cxovrobdes. radgan uwyeba Cabarebulad CaiTvleba, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos saqme da gamoitanos im mxarisaTvis araxelsayreli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, romelic ar gamocxadda. is garemoeba, rom mas uwyeba ar Cabarebia, radgan igi gaigzavna Zvel misamarTze, xolo man ki Seicvala misamarTi, ver CaiTvleba gamoucxadeblobis sapatio mizezad da dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvlad. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palata ganuxrelad icavs am muxlis danawess.14 76-e muxlSi laparakia mxareebze da maT warmomadgenlebze, magram analogiiT es wesi SeiZleba gavavrceloT procesis sxva monawileebzec, kerZod, mowmeebze. mxare, romlis SuamdgomlobiTac isini procesSi monawileoben, valdebulia acnobos sasamarTlos maT 14 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2000, #2, gv. 244 135 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali mier misamarTis Secvlis Sesaxeb (140-e muxlis me-3 nawili). winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saqme gadawydeba maTi Cvenebis (daskvnis) gareSe saqmeSi arsebuli masalebiT. muxli 77. uwyebis Cabareba TanamonawilisaTvis Tu saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi mindobili aqvs erT-erT Tanamonawiles, uwyeba Cahbardeba mas, romelic valdebulia amis Taobaze acnobos sxva Tanamonawileebs. uwyebis Cabareba im TanamonawilisaTvis, romelsac mindobili aqvs saqmis warmoeba, niSnavs uwyebis Cabarebas yvela TanamonawilisaTvis. _ Tanamonawileebs SeuZliaT saqmis warmoeba erTerT Tanamonawiles miandon, rac unda gaformdes kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (87-e muxli). Tu Tanamonawileebma gamoiyenes es ufleba da saqmis warmoeba dadgenili wesiT miandes erT-erT Tanamonawiles, maSin uwyeba unda gaegzavnos mxolod mas. aseT SemTxvevaSi uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba yvela TanamonawilisaTvis. _ saqmis warmoebis mindoba erT-erTi TanamonawilisaTvis ar arTmevs uflebas sxva Tanamonawileebs miiRon monawileoba saqmis ganxilvaSi, magram saqmis ganxilvisa Tu saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis droisa da adgilis Sesaxeb am sxva Tanamonawileebs unda acnobos im Tanamonawilem, romelsac miandes saqmis warmoeba. _ Tu `mindobilma~ Tanamonawilem ar Seasrula Tavisi movaleoba da ar acnoba sxva Tanamonawileebs ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebisa da, maT Soris, saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb, es ver gaxdeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gauqmebis safuZveli, radgan uwyebis Cabareba `mindobili~ TanamonawilisaTvis `niSnavs uwyebis Cabarebas yvela TanamonawilisaTvis~. 136 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 78. mopasuxis adgilsamyoflis daudgenloba 1. Tu mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia, sasamarTlo uwyebas abarebs adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos anda gamoaqvs ganCineba sajaro Setyobinebis Sesaxeb publikaciis meSveobiT. 2. werilobiTi formiT Sedgenili sajaro Setyobineba unda gaikras sasamarTlos gancxadebebis dafaze. igi unda Seicavdes im dokumentebis ZiriTad monacemebze miTiTebas, romlebsac unda gaecnos mopasuxe. 3>. mosarCele uflebamosilia sasamarTlos ganCinebis safuZvelze Tavisi xarjebiT ganaxorcielos sajaro Setyobineba publikaciis meSveobiT. 4. sasamarTlo uwyeba mopasuxisaTvis Cabarebulad iTvleba adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organosTvis misi gadacemidan anda publikaciidan erTi Tvis vadaSi. es vada sasamarTlom SeiZleba gaagrZelos ara umetes erTi Tvis vadiT. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis praqtikuli gamoyenebis sirTule mdgomareobs imaSi, rom Tu mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia romel adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos SeiZleba Cabardes uwyeba aseTi mopasuxisaTvis gadasacemad. amave muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad SemoRebulia Cveni procesisaTvis sruliad axali, magram uaRresad mniSvnelovani wesi „sajaro Setyobineba publikaciis meSveobiT”. 2. sajaro Setyobineba unda Sedges werilobiTi formiT da gaikras sasamarTlo gancxadebebis dafaze. 137 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali werilobiT Sedgenil sajaro SetyobinebaSi, garda 78e muxlis me-2 nawiliT miTiTebuli monacemebisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom mopasuxis winaaRmdeg aRZrulia sarCeli, rogoria sasarCelo moTxovnis Sinaarsi da imis Sesaxeb, rom ver moxerxda mopasuxis faqtiuri adgilsamyofelis dadgena. aqve unda mieTiTos agreTve imis Sesaxeb, rom Tu mopasuxe ar gamocxaddeba gancxadebaSi miTiTebul vadaze an ar acnobebs sasamarTlos Tavis adgilsamyofels, saqme ganxiluli iqneba mis dauswreblad. 3. sasamarTlom mosarCelis SuamdgomlobiT SeiZleba daadginos Tavisi ganCinebiT, rom sajaro Setyobineba ganaxorcielos publikaciis meSveobiT. xarjebis gadaxda unda daekisros mosarCeles. garda zemoT miTiTebuli monacemebisa sajaro publikaciaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom Tu mopasuxe ar gamocxaddeba sasamarTloSi da ar acnobebs mas Tavis adgilsamyofels publikaciidan erTi Tvis vadaSi, mis winaaRmdeg gamotanili iqneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. sajaro publikaciebTan dakavSirebiT mizanSewonilad unda CaiTvalos erT-erTi romelime gazeTis SerCeva, romelSic gamoqveyndeba saqmeTa ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli yovelgvari informacia, romelic saWirod miaCnia saqarTvelos sasamarTloebs. uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis safuZvlebi da dro mxarebisaTvis da saqmeSi monawile sxva dainteresebuli pirebisaTvis uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis mniSvnelobis gansamartavad sakmarisi iqneba mxolod mis erT aspeqtze miTiTeba: sasamarTlo ver ganixilavs saqmes Tu mxares ar Cabarda uwyeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, xolo Tu mainc ganixilavs - es iqneba gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis udavo safuZveli. 138 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari uwyebis gagzavna warmoebs aramarto iseTi tradiciuli saSualebebiT, rogoricaa fosta da kurieri, aramed Tanamedrove teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiTac. amitom, uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis safuZvlebi da dro (momenti) gansxvavebulia imis mixedviT, Tu ra saSualebiT gaigzavna es uwyeba. amas isic emateba, rom es gansxvavebuloba Camoyalibebulia sxvadasxva muxlebSi. yovelive amis gamo, uwyebis adresatisaTvis Cabarebulad CaTvlis zustad da Seucdomlad gansazRvra dakavSirebulia garkveul sirTuleebTan. es danarTi Sedgenilia 73-e, 74-e da 75-e muxlebis analizis safuZvelze da misi mizania gauadvilos mosamarTleebs am rTuli da praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT udidesi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebSi garkveva. uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba dasturdeba 1. Tu uwyeba Cabarda erTerTs: an mxares an mis warmomadgenels ( mxarem unda acnobos Tavis warmomadgenels, warmomadgenelma unda acnobos mxares). dasturdeba: mxaris an warmomadgenlis xelmoweriT uwyebis meore egzemplarze romelic Caekereba saqmeSi (70-e muxli). 2. Tu uwyeba Cabarda warmomadgenels (romelic valdebulia amis Sesaxeb acnobos mxares an Tavis warmomdgens) 70-e muxlis pirveli nawili. dasturdeba: warmomadgenlis xelmoweriT uwyebis me-2 egzemplarze, romelic Caekereba saqmeSi (70-e muxlis pirveli nawili) 3. Tu uwyeba Cabarda adresatis ojaxis srul-wlovan wevrs, roca adre-sati ar imyofeba adgilze, 74-e muxlis pirveli nawili. dasturdeba: ojaxis srulwlovani wevris xelmoweriT uwyebis me-2 egzemplarze, romelicCaekerebasaqmeSi. (74e muxli spirveli nawili ). 139 4. Tu uwyeba (Setyobineba) telefonogramiT gadaica, misi gadacemis dawyebisa da dasrulebis droidan.( 73-e muxlis, me-2 nawilis, „a“ qvepunqti). dasturdeba: telefonogramis gadacemis Sesaxeb Sedgenili aqtiT, romelSic mieTiTeba telefonogramis gadacemis dawyebisa da dasrulebis dro (73-e muxlis „a“ qvepunqti ). es aqti Caekereba saqmeSi. 5. Tu depeSa Cabarda adresats an misi ojaxis srulwlovan wevrs. (73-e muxlis me-2 nawilis, „b“ qvepunqti). dasturdeba: depeSis Cabarebis Sesaxeb miRebuli SetyobinebiT (73-e muxlis me-2 nawilis „b“ qvepunqti). 6. Tu uwyeba (Setyobineba) eleqtronuli fostiT an faqsiT gadaica. (73-e muxlis me-2 nawilis „g“ qvepunqti). dasturdeba: uwyebis (Setyobinebis) Cabarebis Sesaxeb eleqtronuli fostiT an faqsiT mowodebuli informaciiT, rac Caekereba saqmeSi (73-e muxlis me-2 nawilis „g“ qvepunqti). 7. Tu erT-erTma mxarem, romelmac ikisra movaleoba Caabaros uwyeba meore mxares, gadasca es uwyeba am meore mxares (73-e muxlis me-6 nawili). dasturdeba: am uwyebis me2 egzemplarze adresatis xelmoweriT, romelic unda daubrundes sasamarTlos da Caekeros saqmeSi (73-e muxlis me-6 nawili). 8. Tu fostiT an kurieris meSveobiT gagzavnili uwyeba Cabarda moqalaqes (adresats) (73-e muxlis me-8 nawili). dasturdeba: adresatis xelmoweriTuwyebisme-2egzemplarze,romelic CaekerebasaqmeSi (73-e muxlis me-8 nawili). 9. Tu uwyeba Cabarda kancelarias, sxva aseTive struqturul erTeuls an organizaciis Sesabamis uflebamosil pirs,romlebic uwyebas adresats gadascemen. (73-e muxlis me-8 nawili). dasturdeba: am uwyebis me-2 egzempliariT, romelsac xels awers kancelariis an aseTive daniSnulebis struqturuli erTeulis an kidev am organizaciis Sesabamisi uflebamosili piri, romelic Caekereba saqmeSi (73-emuxlisme-8nawili). 140 10. Tu adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organom, an kidev ubnis inspeqtorebma uwyeba Caabares adresats (73-e muxlis me-7 nawili). 11. Tu adresatis aryofnis SemTxvevaSi uwyeba Cabarda ojaxis srulwlovan wevrs an samuSao adgilis administracias (74-e muxlis pirveli nawili). dasturdeba: adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos Sesabamisi Tanamdebobis piris, an kidev, ubnis inspeqtoris mier xelmowerili uwyebis me-2 egzemplariT, romelic Caekereba saqmeSi (73-e muxlis me-7 nawili). dasturdeba: uwyebis me-2 egzemplarze, uwyebis mimRebis xelmoweriTa da vinaobis aRniSvniT (74-e muxlis nawili pirveli). 12. Tu publikaciidan gavida erTi Tve, roca mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli daudgenelia, (78-e muxlis me-4 nawili). dasturdeba: Sesabamisi publikaciiT, romelic Caekereba saqmeSi (78-e muxlis me4 nawili). 13. Tu adresatma uari ganacxada uwyebis miRebaze (75-e muxli). dasturdeba: uwyebaze Sesabamisi aRniSvniT, romelic unda dabrundes sasamarTloSi da Caekeros saqmeSi (75-e muxli). 14.Tu uwyeba Cabarda erT-erT Tanamonawiles, romelsac mindolbili aqvs saqmis warmoeba, uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba yvela TanamonawilisaTvis (77e muxli). dasturdeba: im uwyebis me2 egzemplarze xelmoweriT, romelic Cabarda Tanamonawiles (77-e muxli). 141 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali kari meore mxareebi T a v i IX mxareTa saproceso uflebaunarianoba da qmedunarianoba muxli 79. mxareebi samoqalaqo procesSi 1. sasamarTlo saqmis ganxilvas Seudgeba dainteresebuli pirebis gancxadebiT. mxareebad sasamarTloSi SeiZleba gamovidnen fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebi. 2. kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi mxareebad SeiZleba iyvnen organizaciebi, romlebic ar arian iuridiuli pirebi. 1. 79-e muxlis pirveli nawili gulisxmobs rogorc ganmcxadeblebs, romlebsac aqvT iuridiuli interesi daadasturon sasamarTlos meSveobiT raime, magaliTad, iuridiuli faqti (ssk 310-e da 312-e muxlebi), ise modave mxareebs sasarCelo warmoebis dros. udavo warmoebis dros, xolo zogierT SemTxvevaSi, saqmis gamartivebuli warmoebis dros, yovelTvis gvyavs erTi mxare _ ganmcxadebeli, sasarCelo warmoebis dros gvyavs ori, Tavisi interesebiT urTierTdapirispirebuli mxareebi _ mosarCele da mopasuxe. mosarCele aris piri, romelmac aRZra sarCeli Tavisi darRveuli an sadavo uflebis dasacavad. aqedan gamomdinare, mosarCeled ver CaiTvleba piri, ro142 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari melmac aRZra sarCeli sxva piris dasacavad. amitom, mosarCeled ver CaiTvleba warmomadgeneli, romelic mimarTavs sasamarTlos sarCeliT, sxva pirTa uflebebis dasacavad. mopasuxe aris piri, romelmac mosarCelis gancxadebiT daarRvia an sadavo gaxada misi ufleba. mosarCelem unda daasaxelos mopasuxe _ es misi movaleobaa (ssk 178-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti). sxva sakiTxia, marTla unda agos Tu ara mosarCelis mier mopasuxed dasaxelebulma pirma pasuxi, e. i. marTla aris Tu ara es piri is, vinc daarRvia mosarCelis ufleba. es gairkveva procesis bolos _ sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT. magram Tavdapirvelad mosarCelis mier mopasuxis dasaxeleba aris saWiro da aucilebeli, raTa sasamarTlom miiRos da ganixilos sarCeli. 2. mxareebad sasamarTloSi _ mosarCeled da mopasuxed, SeiZleba gamovidnen fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebi. swored esenia samarTlis saerTod da kerZod, saproceso samarTlis subieqtebi. SeiZleba Tu ara mxareebad (mosarCeled da mopasuxed) mogvevlinon organizaciebi, romlebic ar arian iuridiuli pirebi? 79-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, organizaciebi, romlebic ar arian iuridiuli pirebi, SeiZleba gamovidnen samoqalaqo procesSi mxareebad, oRond erTi pirobiT, Tu amas iTvaliswinebs, uSvebs kanoni ama Tu im konkretuli organizaciis mimarT. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 45-e muxlis Tanaxmad, araregistrirebuli kavSiri ar aris iuridiuli piri, magram igi SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos sasamarTloSi da sasamarTlosgareSe urTierTobebSi Tavisi wevrebiT an saamisod uflebamosili pirebiT. igive SeiZleba iTqvas `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 25-e muxlis meore nawilis Sesaxeb, romlis Tanaxmad, `Tu registraciamde sazogadoebis saxeliT raime moqmedeba ganxorcielda, am moqmedebis Semsruleblebi da damfuZneblebi pasuxs ageben per143 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali sonalurad, rogorc solidaruli movaleebi am moqmedebidan warmoSobili yvela valdebulebisaTvis. es pasuxismgebloba ZalaSi rCeba sazogadoebis registraciis Semdegac~. did praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens im sawarmoebisa da sazogadoebebis mdgomareoba, romlebic adre iyvnen registrirebuli, magram Semdgom, kanonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, unda gaevloT xelaxali registracia, xolo Tu kanoniT daTqmul vadaSi isini ar gaivlian registracias, maSin maTi registracia gauqmebulad iTvleba. registraciis gauqmeba ki niSnavs imas, rom es sawarmo (sazogadoeba) aRaraa iuridiuli piri. magram niSnavs Tu ara es imas, rom am sawarmos (sazogadoebis) mimarT ar SeiZleba aRiZras sarCeli an es sawarmo TviTon ver gamova mosarCeled? ara, ar niSnavs! saqme isaa, rom aseT sawarmoebs (sazogadoebebs) ar SeiZleba ar hqondeT mravalgvari iuridiuli kavSirebi samarTlis sxva subieqtebTanac. am kavSirurTierTobebis safuZvelze SeiZleba warmoiSvas sxvadasxva xasiaTis davebi, romlebic sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos. amitom isini SeiZleba mogvevlinon mxareebad procesSi, Tumca aRar SeiZleba CaiTvalon iuridiul pirebad, radgan ar gauvliaT xelaxali registracia. sxva sakiTxia, rom aseTi organizaciebisa da maTi wevrebis pasuxismgebloba gansxvavdeba im iuridiuli pirebis pasuxismgeblobisagan, romlebic mxolod Tavisi qonebiT ageben pasuxs, magram miuxedavad amisa, isini SeiZleba gamovidnen mxareebad procesSi. muxli 80. samoqalaqo saproceso uflebaunarianoba 1. saqarTvelos yvela fizikuri da iuridiuli piri aRWurvilia unariT, hqondes samoqalaqo saproceso uflebebi da movaleobebi (saproceso uflebaunarianoba). 144 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 2. fizikuri piris saproceso uflebaunarianoba warmoiSoba dabadebis momentidan da Sewydeba misi gardacvalebiT. 3. iuridiuli piris uflebaunarianoba warmoiSoba registraciis momentidan da Sewydeba misi likvidaciis registraciis momentidan. 1. samoqalaqo saproceso uflebaunarianoba _ aris piris (fizikuri da iuridiuli piris) unari hqondes samoqalaqo saproceso uflebebi da movaleobebi. 2. samoqalaqo saproceso uflebaunarianoba dakavSirebulia samoqalaqo materialur uflebaunarianobasTan, magram Tavisi SinaarsiTa da warmoSobis momentiT SeiZleba ar daemTxvnen zogjer erTmaneTs, magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-11 muxlis Tanaxmad, `memkvidred yofnis ufleba warmoiSoba CasaxvisTanave; am uflebis ganxorcieleba damokidebulia dabadebaze~. amrigad, memkvidreobis materialur-samarTlebrivi ufleba warmoiSoba CasaxvisTanave, magram samoqalaqo saproceso uflebebi da movaleobebi, rac dakavSirebulia memkvidreobasTan, SeiZleba warmoiSvas mxolod dabadebis momentidan. ramdenadac fizikuri pirebis saproceso uflebaunarianoba warmoiSoba dabadebis momentidan da arc am uflebaunarianobis SezRudva daiSveba, sasamarTlos ar sWirdeba imis Semowmeba, aRWurvilia Tu ara mxare _ fizikuri piri saproceso uflebaunarianobiT. 3. rac Seexeba iuridiul pirebs, maT saproceso uflebaunarianobas da qmedunarianobas erTmaneTisagan arc ki ansxvaveben im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom isini warmoiSoba da Sewydeba erTdroulad _ registraciis momentidan da am registraciis gauqmebis momentidan. amitom, sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos iuridiuli piris uflebaunarianoba, rac imavdroulad iuridiuli 145 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali piris qmedunarianobis Semowmebasac niSnavs. Tu aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom iuridiuli piri araa registrirebuli, sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras mas sarCelis miRebaze (ssk 186-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqti), garda iseTi SemTxvevebisa, roca kanoni uSvebs araiuridiuli piris samoqalaqo procesSi mxared monawileobis SesaZleblobas (ssk 79-e muxlis me-2 nawili). muxli 81. samoqalaqo saproceso qmedunarianoba 1. yvela srulwlovani fizikuri piri da iuridiuli piri aRWurvilia unariT, Tavisi moqmedebiT ganaxorcielos sasamarTloSi saproceso uflebebi da Seasrulos saproceso movaleobebi, agreTve daavalos saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenels (saproceso qmedunarianoba). 2. fizikur pirTa sruli saproceso qmedunarianoba warmoiSoba 18 wlis asakidan (srulwlovanebidan), xolo iuridiuli piris qmedunarianoba _ misi registraciis momentidan. qmedunarianad iTvleba agreTve piri, romelic iqorwinebs 18 wlis asakis miRwevamde. 3. 7-dan 18 wlamde arasrulwlovanTa, agreTve SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebul moqalaqeTa uflebebsa da kanoniT dacul interesebs sasamarTloSi icaven maTi mSoblebi, mSvileblebi an mzrunvelebi, amasTanave, sasamarTlo valdebulia aseT saqmeebSi Caabas TviT arasrulwlovnebic. 4. Tu arasrulwlovans kanoniT miniWebuli aqvs ufleba, TviTon, damoukideblad gankargos Tavisi qoneba, dados wvrilmani sayofacxovrebo garigebebi da a.S., 146 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari mas ufleba aqvs sasamarTloSi piradad daicvas Tavisi uflebebi da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli interesebi, iyos mosarCele, mopasuxe an mesame piri. sasamarTlos SeuZlia arasrulwlovanis SuamdgomlobiT an Tavisi iniciativiT, saqmeSi Caabas misi kanonieri warmomadgenelic. 5. mcirewlovanTa uflebebs, agreTve qmeduunarod cnobil moqalaqeTa uflebebsa da kanoniT dacul interesebs sasamarTloSi icaven maTi kanonieri warmomadgenlebi _ mSoblebi, mSvileblebi an meurveebi. kanonieri warmomadgenlis SuamdgomlobiT sasamarTlos SeuZlia saqmeSi Caabas mcirewlovanic. 6. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebi uflebamosilni arian mimarTon sasamarTlos arasrulwlovnis uflebebis dacvis mizniT. 1. samoqalaqo saproceso qmedunarianoba _ esaa piris (fizikuri da iuridiuli piris) unari Tavisi moqmedebiT ganaxorcielos sasamarTloSi saproceso uflebebi da Seasrulos saproceso movaleobebi, agreTve daavalos saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenels. 2. gansxvavebiT fizikur pirTa saproceso uflebaunarianobisagan, maTi saproceso qmedunarianoba warmoiSoba srulwlovanebidan (18 wlis asakidan), xolo iuridiul pirTa qmedunarianoba _ registraciis momentidan, e. i. iuridiuli piris saproceso uflebaunarianobisa da qmedunarianobis warmoSobis momenti emTxveva erTmaneTs. ufro adre fizikuri piri SeiZleba gaxdes procesualurad qmedunariani, Tu igi iqorwinebs kanoniT dadgenili wesiT 18 wlis asakis miRwevamde. amrigad, sasamarTlom, Tu arsebobs eWvis safuZ147 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali veli, SeiZleba mosTxovos fizikur pirs misi asakis damadasturebeli dokumentebis wardgena, xolo iuridiul pirs _ misi registraciis damadasturebeli dokumentis wardgena. 3. arasrulwlovnebi (7-dan 18 wlamde), agreTve SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebuli moqalaqeebi saproceso qmedunarianobis TvalasazrisiT gaTanabrebulebi arian: maT uflebebs icaven maTi kanonieri warmomadgenlebi _ mSoblebi, mSvileblebi an mzrunvelebi. SeuZlia Tu ara arasrulwlovans piradad daicvas sasamarTloSi Tavisi ufleba, iyos mosarCele da mopasuxe? diax, SeuZlia, Tu arasrulwlovans kanoniT miniWebuli aqvs ufleba TviTon damoukideblad gankargos Tavisi qoneba, dados wvrilmani sayofacxovrebo garigebani, miniWebuli aqvs sawarmos damoukideblad gaZRolis ufleba da a. S. (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 65-e muxli). 4. saproceso qmedunarianobis TvalsazrisiT gaTanabrebulebi arian mcirewlovnebi da qmeduunarod aRiarebuli moqalaqeebi _ maT ar gaaCniaT saproceso qmedunarianoba. amitom, maT uflebebs sasamarTloSi mxolod maTi kanonieri warmomadgenlebi, e. i. mSoblebi, mSvileblebi, meurveebi icaven. magram Tu maT ar hyavT kanonieri warmomadgeneli? maSin sasamarTlom unda gamoiyenos ssk 82-e muxli da dauniSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli (ix. am muxlis komentari). 5. praqtikaSi arc ise iSviaTia SemTxveva, rodesac srulwlovani piri (rogorc wesi, mopasuxe) araa sasamarTlos mier aRiarebuli qmeduunarod (ssk 322-e muxli), magram aSkaraa, rom igi ver uwevs angariSs Tavis moqmedebas fsiqikuri mdgomareobis an Wkuasustobis gamo. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda moiwvios am piris mSobeli, Svili, meuRle da CarTos igi saqmeSi, rogorc kanonieri warmomadgeneli, xolo Tu mas ar hyavs aseTi warmomadgeneli _ dauniSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli (ssk 82-e muxli). 148 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 811. arasrulwlovanis ufleba dacvaze saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi arasrulwlovans 14 wlis asakidan ufleba aqvs mimarTos sasamarTlos Tavisi uflebebis da kanonieri interesebis dasacavad. am SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo niSnavs saproceso warmomadgenels da ganixilavs saqmes. arasrulwlovan mosarCeles ufleba aqvs ar daeTanxmos Tavis saproceso warmomadgenels da TviTon daicvas sakuTari Tavi. sasamarTlo valdebulia aseT saqmeebze Caabas meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebi. _ Tu kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi sasamarTlos mimarTavs arasrulwlovani, maT Soris 14 wlis asaks miRweuli, (ix. 81-e muxlis me-4 nawili). aseT pirebs sasamarTlo dauniSnavs saproceso warmomadgenlebs Tu maT ar yavT kanonieri warmomadgenlebi (mSoblebi, mSvileblebi, mzrunvelebi ix. 82-e muxlis komentari). yvela SemTxvevaSi es muxli iTvaliswinebs meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebis Cabmas saqmeSi. muxli 82. qmeduunaro mxaris saproceso warmomadgeneli procesSi (saproceso mzrunveli) 1. Tu sarCeli Setanilia qmeduunaro mxaris winaaRmdeg, romelsac ara hyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlom mosarCelis gancxadebis safuZvelze unda daniSnos saproceso warmomadgeneli da ganixilos saqme, Tu misi ganuxilveloba zianiT emuqreba mosarCeles. 2. Tu saqmis warmoebis dros gairkveva, 149 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali rom sarCeli aRZrulia qmeduunaro mosarCelis mier, romelsac ara hyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli, maSin saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis Tavidan asacileblad, kanonieri warmomadgenlis daniSvnamde SeiZleba mosarCeles dauniSnon saproceso warmomadgeneli. 82-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom dauniSnos qmeduunaro mxares saproceso warmomadgeneli (saproceso mzrunveli) da ganixilos saqme, saWiroa sami pirobis erTdroulad arseboba: pirveli _ piri unda iyos qmeduunaro. qmeduunarod iTvleba piri 7-dan 18 wlamde (garda kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli gamonaklisebisa) asakis, agreTve qmeduunarod sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT aRiarebuli srulwlovani piri. meore _ mosarCelis Suamdgomloba mopasuxisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvnis Sesaxeb da mesame _ am saqmis ganuxilvelobam SeiZleba ziani miayenos mosarCeles. Tu yvela es piroba arsebobs, sasamarTlo daniSnavs saproceso warmomadgenels, raTa daculi iqnes qmeduunaro mopasuxis uflebebi da kanonieri interesebi. _ amasTan erTad, praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, SeiZleba Tu ara saproceso warmomadgeneli daeniSnos iseT pirs, romelic srulwlovania, araa aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, e. i. iuridiulad qmedunariania, magram aSkarad ver uwevs angariSs Tavis moqmedebas fsiqikuri mdgomareobis an Wkuasustobis gamo, e. i. faqtobrivad qmeduunaroa. aseT pirs SeiZleba daeniSnos saproceso warmomadgeneli misi mSoblis, srulwlovani Svilis, meuRlis saxiT, an Tu aseTi ar hyavs, sxva iseTi piris saxiT, romelsac SeuZlia daicvas am faqtobrivad qmeduunaro piris interesebi sasamarTloSi. _ arasrulwlovans mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZle- 150 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ba daeniSnos saproceso warmomadgeneli, roca mas ar hyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli. 1. mopasuxisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvnis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba, romelzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. Tu saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvnis pirobebi ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas mis daniSvnaze uaris Tqmisa da sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb 275-e muxlis analogiiT, romelzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. 2. Tu sarCeli aRZrulia qmeduunaro mosarCelis mier, romelsac ar hyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli, maSin mas SeiZleba daeniSnos saproceso warmomadgeneli. magram am SemTxvevaSic SeiZleba wamoiWras sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo, rodesac mosarCele srulwlovania, araa aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, e. i. iuridiulad qmedunariania, magram faqtobrivad aSkarad ver uwevs angariSs Tavis moqmedebas fsiqikuri mdgomareobis gamo, e. i. faqtobrivad qmeduunaroa. _ aseT pirs SeiZleba daeniSnos saproceso warmomadgeneli misi mSoblis, srulwlovani Svilis, meuRlis saxiT, an Tu aseTi ar hyavs, sxva nebismieri iseTi piris saxiT, romelsac SeuZlia daicvas am faqtobrivad qmeduunaro piris interesebi. _ saproceso warmomadgenels, ise rogorc kanonier warmomadgenels, SeuZlia saqme awarmoos sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlis (advokatis) meSveobiT. _ mosarCelisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvnis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. mosarCelisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvnaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb 275-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis komentari). 151 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 83. mxareTa saproceso uflebebi 1. mxareebi sargebloben Tanabari saproceso uflebebiT. maT ufleba aqvT gaecnon saqmis masalebs, gaakeTon amonawerebi am masalebidan, gadaiRon aslebi, ganacxadon acilebani, waradginon mtkicebulebani, monawileoba miiRon mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevaSi, SekiTxvebi dausvan mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs, ganacxadon sasamarTlos winaSe Suamdgomlobebi, miscen sasamarTlos zepiri da werilobiTi axsnaganmarteba, waradginon TavianTi daskvnebi da gamoTqvan mosazrebebi saqmis ganxilvis dros wamoWril yvela sakiTxze, uaryon meore mxaris Suamdgomlobebi, daskvnebi da mosazrebebi, gaasaCivron sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi da ganCinebebi, isargeblon am kodeqsiT maTTvis miniWebuli sxva uflebebiT. 2. mosarCeles ufleba aqvs saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis damTavrebamde Secvalos sarCelis safuZveli an sagani, gaadidos an Seamciros sasarCelo moTxovnebis odenoba, ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlo valdebulia acnobos mopasuxes. 3. saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis Semdeg sarCelis safuZvlis an sagnis Secvla dasaSvebia mxolod mopasuxis winaswari TanxmobiT. aseTi Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi mopasuxes SeuZlia moiTxovos sasamarTlo sxdomis gadadeba sxva droisaTvis. 4. sarCelis Secvlad ar CaiTvleba mosarCelis mier sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebis dazusteba, dakonkreteba da da152 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari mateba, agreTve sasarCelo moTxovnebis odenobis Semcireba, an erTi nivTis nacvlad meore nivTis mikuTvneba misTvis, anda am nivTis Rirebulebis anazRaureba. 1. 83-e muxlis pirveli nawili warmoadgens samoqalaqo procesis fundamenturi principebis _ SejibrebiTobisa da mxareTa Tanasworuflebianobis konkretul gamovlinebas. cxadia, rom sasamarTloebma sagangebo yuradReba unda miaqcion mxareTa aq CamoTvlili uflebebis dacvas, imas, rom mxareebma SeZlon am uflebaTa realizacia procesis ama Tu im stadiaze. 2. 83-e muxlis me-2 nawili warmoadgens dispoziciurobis principis konkretul gamovlinebas, romlis Tanaxmad, mosarCeles ufleba aqvs Secvalos sarCelis safuZveli an sagani, gaadidos an Seamciros sasarCelo moTxovnis odenoba. _ sarCelis safuZveli esaa im faqtebis erToblioba, romlebic asabuTeben, amarTleben faqtobrivad mosarCelis sasarCelo moTxovnas. aqedan gamomdinare, sarCelis safuZvlis Secvla niSnavs im faqtobrivi garemoebebis Secvlas, romlebic miTiTebuli iyo Tavdapirvelad mosarCelis mier Tavis sarCelSi. magaliTad, mosarCele moiTxovda mopasuxis (damqiraveblis) binidan gamosaxlebas im safuZvliT, rom bina sWirdeboda mas Tavisi axlo naTesavebisaTvis. Semdgom mosarCelem Secvala sarCelis safuZveli da moiTxova gamosaxleba im safuZvliT, rom mopasuxe ukve sam Tveze metia ar ixdis binis qiras. _ sarCelis sagani _ esaa mosarClis moTxovnis Sinaarsi, is Tu ra moqmedebis Sesrulebas moiTxovs mosarCele mopasuxisagan (binis gaTavisuflebas, raime nivTis gadacemas, valis dabrunebas, zianis anazRaurebas, ama Tu im uflebis an samarTlebrivi urTierTobis aRiarebas da a. S.). _ sarCelis sagnis Secvlam, ise rogorc sasarCelo moTxovnis gadidebam, SeiZleba gamoiwvios davis sag153 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali nis gazrda, romelzec damokidebulia saxelmwifo baJis odenoba (39-e muxli). sarCelis sagnis Secvlas an moTxovnis gadidebas kanoni ar ukavSirebs davis sagnis fasis gazrdis gamo baJis damatebiT winaswar gadaxdas. mosarCeles unda daevalos baJis damatebiT gadaxda, magram gadauxdeloba ver daabrkolebs saqmis ganxilvas. sasamarTlo xarjebis da maT Soris damatebiT saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdis mxareTa Soris ganawilebis sakiTxi sasamarTlom unda gansazRvros Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi (249-e muxlis me-5 nawili). am gadawyvetilebiT unda moxdes damatebiT gadaxdevineba an zedmetad gadaxdilis ukan dabruneba, Tu mosarCele amcirebs Tavis sasarCelo moTxovnas (42-e muxli). _ mopasuxe, romelsac egzavneba sarCelis asli, yovelTvis emzadeba am sarCelisagan TavdacvisaTvis. amitom, mas unda ecnobos droulad Tu mosarCele cvlis sarCelis safuZvels an sagans, raTa mopasuxem SeZlos moemzados am Secvlili sarCelisagan TavdacvisaTvis. kanonis am danawesis Seusrulebloba sasamarTlos mxriv iqneboda mopasuxis mniSvnelovani saproceso uflebis darRveva, rac yovlad dauSvebelia. 3. 83-e muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs, Tu procesis romel stadiaze SeuZlia mosarCeles sarCelis safuZvlis an sagnis Secvla _ esaa saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis stadia. am stadiaze mosarCeles SeuZlia Secvalos sarCelis safuZveli an sagani ise, rom winaswar ar miiRos Tanxmoba mopasuxisagan. Tu sarCelis Secvlas mosarCele apirebs saqmis mTavar (zepir) sxdomaze ganxilvis dros, maSin saWiroa mopasuxis Tanxmoba aseT Secvlaze, ris Sesaxebac miTiTebulia agreTve ssk 224-e muxlSi. Tu mopasuxe Tanaxma iqneba aseT Secvlaze, maSin mas SeuZlia moiTxovos sasamarTlo sxdomis gadadeba sxva droisaTvis, raTa moemzados Secvlili sarCelisagan TavdacvisaTvis. magram Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs sxdomis gadadebas, saqmis ganxilva gagrZeldeba. 154 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 4. rac Seeexeba mosarCelis uflebas gaadidos an Seamciros sasarCelo moTxovnis odenoba, magaliTad, 10000 laris nacvlad moiTxovos 20000 lari, an piriqiT, 5000 lari, agreTve moiTxovos erTi nivTis nacvlad meore nivTis mikuTvneba an am nivTis Rirebulebis anazRaureba (magaliTad, moiTxovda avtomanqanis mikuTvnebas da SemdgomSi avtomanqana Secvala roialiT, an avtomanqanis Rirebulebis mikuTvnebiT) _ es ar iqneba sarCelis sagnis Secvla. amitom, mosarCeles es SeuZlia gaakeTos procesis nebismier stadiaze da mopasuxis Tanxmoba amisaTvis saWiro araa. sarCelis, kerZod, misi safuZvlis Secvlad ar CaiTvleba agreTve sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebis dazusteba, dakonkreteba, damateba. es imas niSnavs, rom sarCelis faqtobrivi safuZveli ucvleli rCeba, xdeba mxolod am faqtobrivi safuZvlis dazustebadakonkreteba an damateba axali faqtebiT, ise rom ar icvleba sarCelis Tavdapirveli faqtobrivi safuZvlis azri da Sinaarsi. muxli 831. mosarCelis mier sarCelis gamoxmoba 1. mosarCeles ufleba aqvs gamoixmos sarCeli ise, rom uari ar Tqvas Tavis moTx ovnaze. sarCelis gamoxmoba saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dros dasaSvebia mopasuxis TanxmobiT. Tu mopasuxe ar aris Tanaxma, sasamarTlom unda ganixilos da gadawyvitos saqme 2. Tu sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs sarCelis gamoxmobis Sesaxeb mosarCelis gancxa debas, mas gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis ganux ilvelad datovebisa da misi mosarCelisaTvis dabrunebis Taobaze, amasTanave, mosarCeles daubrundeba mis mier gadaxdili saxelmwifo baJi.„ 155 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 1. 831 muxlis pirvelil nawili naTlad da garkveviT ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisagan mosarCelis mier sarCelze uarisTqmas, romelsac ukavSirdeba seriozuli praqtikuli Sedegebi (ix.272-e muxlis „g“ qvepunqtis komentari) da mosarCelis mier sarCelis gamoxmobas. sarCelis gamoxmoba niSnavs imas, rom mosarCele uars ki ar ambobs Tavis sarCelze (sasarCelo moTxovnaze), aramed mas aRar surs am etapze mis mier Semotanili sarCelis ganxilva. kanoni ar moiTxovs mosarCelisagan imis dasabuTebas (motivivrebas) Tu ratom gadaifiqra mosarCelem sarCelis amJamad ganxilva. maSasadame, sasamarTlom ar unda moTxovos mas aseTi dasabuTeba: ise rogorc sarCelis aRZvra sasamarTloSi, sarCelis gamoxmobac, anu ukan gamotana, dispoziciurobis principis konkretuli gamovlinebaa. amasTan erTad, ise rogorc yovelTvis, kanoni icavs mopasuxis interesebs, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom Tu sarCelis gamoxmoba xdeba saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, mopasuxis Tanxmoba araa saWiro, magram, Tu sarCelis gamoxmobis Sesaxeb gancxadeba keTdeba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, maSin aucilebelia mopasuxis Tanxmoba. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu mopasuxes surs erTxel da samudamod gadawydes mis winaaRmdeg aRZruli sarCelis bedi da amitom araa Tanaxma ukan gaiTxovos sarCeli mosarCelem, romelsac SeuZlia SemdgomSi kvlav aRZras igive sarCeli, sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras mosarCeles sarCelis gamoxmobaze da ganixilos da gadawyvitos es sarCeli arsebiTad. sarCelis gamoxmobaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba. 2. ganCineba sasamarTlos gamoaqvs im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac igi akmayofilebs mosarCelis gancxadebas gamoxmobis Sesaxeb. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo sarCels ganuxilvelad tovebs da ukan ubrunebs mas am sarCels, masze darTul dokumentebs, agreTve mosarCelis mier gadaxdil saxelmwifo baJs. 156 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (276e muxli). sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba imis gamo, rom mosarCelem ukan gaiTxova sarCeli, uflebas ar arTmevs mas kvlav aRZras igive sarCeli. muxli 84. arasaTanado mosarCelis Secvla 1. sasamarTlo, romelic saqmis ganxilvis dros daadgens, rom sarCeli aRZrulia ara im piris mier, romelsac moTxovnis ufleba aqvs, SeuZlia mosarCelis TanxmobiT saqmis Seuwyvetlad Secvalos Tavdapirveli mosarCele saTanado mosarCeliT. 2. Tu aseTi Tanxmobis miuxedavad, saTanado mosarCele ar aris Tanaxma Secvalos arasaTanado mosarCele, sasamarTlo saqmis warmoebas Sewyvets im motiviT, rom arasaTanado mxarem uari Tqva mis mier aRZrul sarCelze. 3. Tu arasaTanado mosarCele ar aris Tanaxma Seicvalos saTanado mosarCeliT, es ukanaskneli SeiZleba Caebas saqmeSi mesame pirad, romelic ganacxadebs damoukidebel moTxovnas davis saganze, ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlo acnobebs am pirs. Tu es piri Tanaxmaa Caebas saqmeSi mesame pirad, sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT uars etyvis arasaTanado mosarCeles sarCelze misi dausabuTeblobis gamo, xolo mesame pirad saqmeSi Cabmuli saTanado mosarCelis mimarT sarCels daakmayofilebs saerTo safuZvelze. 4. Tu mesame pirad saqmeSi Casabmelad navaraudevi saTanado mosarCele uars ityvis Caebas am saqmeSi, sasamarTlo Tavisi 157 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali gadawyvetilebiT uars etyvis arasaTanado mosarCeles sarCelis dakmayofilebaze. 1. es danawesi efuZneba saproceso ekonomiis princips. arasaTanado mosarCeled iTvleba iseTi piri, romelsac ar aqvs moTxovnis ufleba. imis gasarkvevad, aqvs Tu ara pirs, romelmac sarCeli aRZra, moTxovnis ufleba, unda mivmarToT materialur samarTals. magaliTad, nivTis ukan dabruneba mflobels SeiZleba mosTxovos mesakuTrem (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 172-e muxli). aqedan gamomdinare, Tu vindikaciuri sarCeli, e. i. sarCeli ukanono mflobelobidan nivTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, aRZra ara am nivTis mesakuTrem, aramed misma ojaxis wevrma, vTqvaT Svilma, maSin es Svili iqneba arasaTanado mosarCele, radgan samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobiT aseTi moTxovnis ufleba mesakuTres aqvs. igive SeiZleba iTqvas garigebis baTilad cnobis moTxovnis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 81-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, `Tu piri garigebis dadebis mizniT moatyues, igi uflebamosilia moiTxovos am garigebis baTiloba~. cxadia, rom saTanado mosarCele iqneba am SemTxvevaSi is piri, romelic moatyues, e. i. visTanac motyuebiT dades garigeba. amrigad, aris Tu ara sarCelis aRmZvreli piri saTanado mosarCele, ganisazRvreba materialur-samarTlebrivi normebis safuZvelze. _ arasaTanado mosarCelisagan unda ganvasxvavoT sarCelis aRZvraze arauflebamosili piri. ssk 93-e muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT saqme awarmoon sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlis meSveobiT. warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba unda gaformdes kanoniT gansazRvruli wesiT. Tu piri aRZravs sarCels sxva piris uflebis dasacavad, magram misi warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosileba ar iqneba gaformebuli kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ssk 96-e muxli), maSin Cven saqme gvaqvs arauflebamosil pirTan. amrigad, arasaTanado mosarCele _ esaa piri, romel158 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari mac aRZra sarCeli Tavisi uflebis dasacavad, Tumca ar aqvs am sarCeliT wamoyenebuli moTxovnis ufleba, anu ar aqvs materialur-samarTlebrivi interesi am saqmeSi. arauflebamosili piri _ esaa piri, romelmac aRZra sarCeli sxvisi uflebis dasacavad, magram ar aqvs am sxva piris mier saTanado wesiT gaformebuli uflebamosileba. Tu sarCeli dainteresebuli piris saxeliT Seitana iseTma pirma, romelsac ar aqvs uflebamosileba saqmis warmoebaze, maSin sasamarTlo ar miiRebs sarCels (ssk 186-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `z~ qvepunqti). _ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sarCeli aRZrulia arasaTanado mosarCelis mier, sasamarTlo uars ver etyvis mas sarCelis miRebaze. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxolod daayenos Tavisi iniciativiT sakiTxi arasaTanado mosarCelis saTanadoTi Secvlis Sesaxeb. 2. Tu arasaTanado mosarCele Tanaxmaa Seicvalos saTanadoTi, es imas niSnavs, rom man uari Tqva mis mier aRZrul sarCelze. amitom, Tu saTanado mosarCele ar aris Tanaxma Secvalos arasaTanado mosarCele _ sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (ssk 272-e muxlis `g~ qvepunqti). magram Tu saTanado mosarCele Tanaxmaa Secvalos arasaTanado mosarCele, maSin saqmis warmoeba ar Sewydeba da sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas arasaTanado mosarCelis saTanado mosarCeliT Secvlis Sesaxeb, ganixilavs saqmes saTanado mosarCelis mimarT da gamoitans gadawyvetilebas mis mimarT. 3. Tu arasaTanado mosarCele ar aris Tanaxma Seicvalos saTanado mosarCeliT, maSin am saTanado mosarCeles SeuZlia Caebas saqmeSi mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovniT. saTanado mosarCelis mesame pirad saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb, am ukanasknelis Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. mesame pirad saqmeSi Cabmul saTanado mosarCeles ar sWirdeba sarCelis aRZvra, rogorc amas ssk 88-e muxli iTvaliswinebs, radgan arasaTanado mosarCelis mier aRZruli 159 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali sarCeli ganixileba mesame pirad saqmeSi Cabmuli saTanado mosarCelis mimarTebidanac. sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT uars etyvis arasaTanado mosarCeles sarCelis dakmayofilebaze im motiviT, rom mas ar aqvs moTxovnis ufleba, xolo mesame pirad saqmeSi Cabmuli saTanado mosarCelis mimarT sarCels daakmayofilebs saerTo safuZvelze. muxli 85. arasaTanado mopasuxis Secvla Tu saqmis ganxilvisas sasamarTlo daadgens, rom sarCeli aRZrulia ara im piris winaaRmdeg, romelmac pasuxi unda agos sarCelze, mas SeuZlia mosarCelis TanxmobiT Secvalos Tavdapirveli mopasuxe saTanado mopasuxiT. Tu mosarCele ar aris Tanaxma Tavdapirveli mopasuxis saTanado mopasuxiT Secvlaze, sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT uars etyvis mosarCeles sarCelis dakmayofilebaze. _ mopasuxe aris piri, romelmac mosarCelis gancxadebiT daarRvia an sadavo gaxada misi ufleba. mopasuxis dasaxelebis uflebamosileba da movaleobac mosarCeles aqvs. es kargad Cans ssk 178-e muxlis Sinaarsidanac. am muxlis pirveli nawilis `b~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, sarCelSi aRniSnuli unda iyos mopasuxis gvari, saxeli (saxelwodeba) da misamarTi, telefoni, faqsi da a.S. praqtikaSi zogjer adgili aqvs SemTxvevebs, rodesac sarCeli aRZrulia ara im piris winaaRmdeg, romelmac pasuxi unda agos sarCelze. magaliTad, sarCeli valis dabrunebis Sesaxeb aRZrulia ara im piris winaaRmdeg, romelsac mosarCelem sesxis saxiT gadasca garkveuli Tanxa, aramed am msesxeblis mamis mimarT, sarCeli arasrulwlovani SviliSvilis rCenisaTvis aRZru160 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari lia papis (babuis) mimarT, maSin, rodesac mas SeuZlia sarCo miiRos Tavisi mSoblebisagan, kerZod, mamisagan, romelsac sakmao saxsrebi da kargi xelfasi aqvs da a. S. _ sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs ar miiRos sarCeli im motiviT, rom igi aRZrulia arasaTanado mopasuxis mimarT. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxolod daayenos sakiTxi arasaTanado mopasuxis saTanado mopasuxiT Secvlis Sesaxeb. aseTi Secvla SeiZleba moxdes mxolod mosarCelis TanxmobiT. _ Tu mosarCele araa Tanaxma arasaTanado mopasuxis saTanado mopasuxiT Secvlaze, sasamarTlo ganixilavs saqmes da uars etyvis mosarCeles sarCelis dakmayofilebaze Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT. _ arasaTanado mxaris (mosarCelis, mopasuxis) Secvla mizanSewonilia moxdes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, kerZod, mosamzadebel sxdomaze. magram, Tu arasaTanado mxaris Secvlis sakiTxi wamoiWra sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, maSin aseTi Secvla aq unda moxdes, rasac SeiZleba saqmis ganxilvis sxva droisaTvis gadadeba moyves . erT-erT saqmeze sakasacio sasamarTlom gaauqma gadawyvetileba im motiviT, rom zianis anazRaureba daekisra pirs, romelic arc mosarCelis mier iyo dasaxelebuli mopasuxed da arc sasamarTlos mier yofila daSvebuli rogorc saTanado mopasuxe, nacvlad mosarCelis mier dasaxelebuli arasaTanado mopasuxisa. sakasacio sasamarTlom savsebiT sworad miiCnia, rom uxeSadaa darRveuli ssk 85-e muxlis moTxovnebi, radgan dauSvebelia saqmeSi damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pirad Cabmul pirs daekisros zianis anazRaureba, ise rom igi ar iyo CarTuli procesSi 85-e muxlis Sesabamisad.15 15 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2000, #10, gv.479 161 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i X saproceso Tanamonawileoba muxli 86. Tanamonawileobis safuZvlebi 1. sarCeli SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes erTad ramdenime mosarCelis mier an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, Tu: a) sarCelis sagans warmoadgens saerTo ufleba; b) sasarCelo moTxovnebi gamomdinareobs erTi da imave safuZvlebidan; g) sasarCelo moTxovnebi erTgvarovania, miuxedavad imisa, erTgvarovania Tu ara maTi safuZveli da sagani. 2. TiToeuli mosarCele an mopasuxe meore mxaris mimarT procesSi gamodis damoukideblad. 1. Tanamonawileoba gvaqvs maSin, rodesac erTi mosarCele aRZravs sarCels ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, ramdenime mosarCele aRZravs sarCels erTi mopasuxis winaaRmdeg da ramdenime mosarCele aRZravs sarCels ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg. erT mxareze monawile Tanamonawileebis interesebi ar SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes erTmaneTs, e. i. TanamosarCeleebis interesebi, iseve rogorc Tanamopasuxeebis interesebi, ar SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes erTmaneTs. amiT Tanamonawileoba gansxvavdeba mesame pirisagan, romelic aRZravs sarCels damoukidebeli moTxovniT davis saganze. _ Tanamonawileobis mizania saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis daCqareba, xarjebis Semcireba, erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego an Seusabamo gadawyvetilebaTa gamotanis Tavidan acileba. 162 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari am mizniT Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes momzadebis stadiaze. kerZod, 182-e muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu sasamarTlos warmoebaSia ramdenime erTgvarovani da samarTlebrivad erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli saqme, romlebSic erTi da igive an sxvadasxva mxareebi monawileoben, sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gaaerTianos es saqmeebi calke warmoebad, Tu amas moyveba davis ufro swrafad da sworad ganxilva. saqmeTa erT warmoebad gaerTianebis iniciativiT SeiZleba gamovides mosamarTlec (sasamarTloc) im TvalsazrisiT, rom urCios mxares daTanxmdes aseT gaerTianebaze. _ Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba iyos savaldebulo da fakultaturi (ara aucilebeli). _ Tanamonawileoba savaldebuloa, Tu materialur-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare, SeuZlebelia am urTierTobis yvela subieqtis monawileobis gareSe saqmis ganxilva. magaliTad, saerTo sakuTrebis uflebis („a“ qvepunqti) erT-erTma monawilem moiTxova wilis gamoyofa. saqmeSi Cabmuli unda iqnes yvela mesakuTre: yovelTvis, roca dava exeba saziaro sagans, saqmeSi Cabmuli unda iqnes saziaro uflebis yvela mesakuTre; Tu saqme exeba binidan gamosaxlebas (binis gaTavisuflebas), maSin am saqmeSi Cabmuli unda iqnen am binaSi mcxovrebi yvela piri da a. S. savaldebulo Tanamonawileobisas, Tu yvela Tanamonawile ar iqneba Cabmuli saqmeSi da sasamarTlo ise gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, maSin am gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba ver moxerxdeba, radgan misi kanonieri Zala vrceldeba mxolod im pirebze, romlebic monawileobdnen saqmeSi. amitom, Tu sarCeli araa aRZruli saerTo uflebis yvela Tanamonawilis an saerTo valdebulebis mqone yvela piris mimarT, maSin sasamarTlom unda Caabas isini saqmeSi Tavisi iniciativiT. _ praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, SeuZlia Tu ara sasamarTlos savaldebulo Tanamonawileobis 163 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali dros gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, roca ar gamocxadda arcerTi Tanamonawile (TanamosarCele an Tanamopasuxe), an gamocxadda ara yvela, aramed erT-erTi maTgani. Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxadda arcerTi Tanamonawile (TanamosarCele an Tanamopasuxe), romlebsac gaegzavnaT Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas (229-e da 230-e muxlebi). Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadda erT-erTi Tanamonawile, vTqvaT TanamosarCele, sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba saqmis masalebis mixedviT. savaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros erT-erTi Tanamonawilis gamocxadeba niSnavs yvela Tanamonawilis gamocxadebas, Tu yvela Tanamonawiles gaegzavna Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT. _ Tu arcerTi mxare, e. i. arcerTi TanamosarCele da arcerTi Tanamopasuxe ar gamocxadda sasamarTlos SeuZlia sarCeli ganuxilvelad datovos (231-e muxli). _ arasavaldebulo (fakultaturi) Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos imiT, rom `sasarCelo moTxovnebi gamomdinareobs erTi da imave safuZvlebidan~ („b“ qvepunqti ), an kidev imiT, rom `sasarCelo moTxovnebi erTgvarovania, miuxedavad imisa, erTgvarovania Tu ara maTi safuZveli da sagani“ („g“ qvepunqti). magaliTad, Tu piris qonebas ziani miayena ramdenime pirma, dazaralebuls SeuZlia sarCeli aRZras rogorc calkeuli zianis mimyeneblis, ise yvelas mimarT erTad. aseve, TiToeul muSa-mosamsaxures SeuZlia cal-calke aRZras sarCeli administraciis mimarT xelfasis miRebis Taobaze, magram maT SeuZliaT gaaerTianon TavianTi erTgvarovani moTxovnebi erT sarCelSi. Tanamonawileoba aseT SemTxvevebSi gamarTlebulia saqmis sworad da swrafad gadawyvetis interesebiT, agreTve, saproceso ekonomiis principis moTxovnebiT. 164 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ama Tu im konkretul SemTxvevaSi es mizani SeiZleba ver iqnes realizebuli. maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia ramdenime mosarCelis an ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT wardgenili moTxovnebidan calke warmoebad gamoyos erTi an ramdenime moTxovna (ssk 182-e muxlis me-3 nawili). _ Tanamonawileobisagan unda ganvasxvavoT ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovnis erT sarCelSi gaerTianeba erTi da imave mopasuxis mimarT. Tanamonawileoba _ es aris sarCelebis subieqturi gaerTianeba, xolo ramdenime moTxovnis erT sarCelSi gaerTianeba erTsa da imave mopasuxis mimarT _ sarCelebis obieqturi gaerTianeba. sasamarTlos SeuZlia gaerTianebuli moTxovnebidan calke warmoebad gamoyos erTi an ramdenime moTxovna (ssk 182-e muxlis me-2 nawili). _ praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi SeuZlia Tu ara sasamarTlos arasavaldebulo (fakultaturi) Tanamonawileobis dros gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, Tu ar gamocxadda arcerTi an gamocxadda mxolod erT-erTi Tanamonawile. aseTi Tanamonawileobis dros, Tu ar gamocxadda erT mxareze monawile arcerTi Tanamonawile, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba yvela gamoucxadebel mxareTa sawinaaRmdegod (ssk 229-230-e muxlebi). magram, Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadda erT mxareze monawile mxolod erTi an ramdenime Tanamonawile, maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba mxolod gamocxadebuli Tanamonawilis mimarT da dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba gamoucxadebel TanamonawileTa mimarT. _ arasavaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros TiToeul Tanamonawiles SeeZlo aReZra damoukidebeli sarCeli calke aRebuli mopasuxis mimarT. aqedan gamomdinare, arasavaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros erTerTi Tanamonawilis gamocxadeba ar niSnavs yvela Tanamonawilis gamocxadebas. amitom, aseT SemTxvevaSi gamoucxadeblobas unda moyves is Sedegi, rasac kanoni ukavSirebs mxaris gamoucxadeblobas saerTod. 165 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 2. procesSi TiToeuli Tanamonawilis damoukideblad gamosvla imas niSnavs, rom mis mier ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Seusruleblobas ar SeuZlia raime ziani miayenos sxva Tanamonawiles an zegavlena moaxdinos sxva Tanamonawileebze. magaliTad, erTi Tanamonawilis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma, an sarCelis cnoba ar niSnavs sarCelze uaris Tqmas an sarCelis cnobas sxva Tanamonawileebis mier. sasamarTlo Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas im mosarCelis mimarT, romelmac uari Tqva sarCelze da sxvebis mimarT gaagrZelebs saqmis ganxilvas. aseve sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs sarCels im mopasuxis mimarT, romelmac cno sarCeli, xolo sxvebis mimarT gaagrZelebs saqmis ganxilvas. muxli 87. TanamonawileTa saproceso uflebebi 1. Tanamonawileni sargebloben yvela im saproceso uflebiT, romlebic am kodeqsis Tanaxmad miniWebuli aqvT mxareebs. 2. Tanamonawileebs SeuZliaT saqmis warmoeba erT-erT Tanamonawiles miandon, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac Tanamonawile arasrulwlovania, anda mas hyavs meurve an mzrunveli. 3. saqmis warmoebis mindoba erT-erTi TanamonawilisaTvis unda gaformdes 96-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT. 1. Tanamonawileebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopasuxeebi) arian mxareebi, romlebic icaven TavianT uflebebs da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul interesebs. amitom, isini sargebloben yvela im uflebiT, ra uflebebic aqvT mxareebs (ssk 83-e muxli). 2. Tanamonawileebs SeuZliaT saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi erT-erT Tanamonawiles miandon. aseT Sem166 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari TxvevaSi Tanamonawile or funqcias asrulebs: is aris mxare, romelic icavs Tavis uflebebs da, imavdroulad is aris warmomadgeneli sxva Tanamonawileebisa. am ori funqciis (mxare, warmomadgeneli) SeTavseba dasaSvebia mxolod Tanamonawileobis dros. 3. saqmis warmoebis mindoba erT-erTi TanamonawilisaTvis aucileblad unda gaformdes kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ssk 96-e muxli). magaliTad, moqalaqeTa mier gacemuli mindobiloba unda damowmdes sanotaro wesiT an im organizaciis mier, sadac muSaobs an swavlobs marwmunebeli. Tanamonawiles, romelsac mindobili aqvs saqmis warmoeba sxva Tanamonawileebis mier, Tavis mxriv, ar ekrZaleba aiyvanos advokati. _ mcdaria da ar Seesabameba kanons iseTi praqtika, rodesac TanamonawileTa warmomadgenlad daSvebis sakiTxs am warmomadgenlis sityvieri gancxadebis safuZvelze wyvets sasamarTlo. 167 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XI mesame pirebi muxli 88. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT 1. TiToeul dainteresebul pirs, romelic acxadebs damoukidebel moTxovnas davis saganze an mis nawilze, SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli orive an erT-erTi mxaris mimarT mxareTa paeqrobis dawyebamde (mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT). mesame piris sarCelis miReba da ganxilva warmoebs saerTo wesebis dacviT. mesame pirisa da Tavdapirveli mosarCelis sarCelis gadawyveta xdeba erTdroulad. 2. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT sargebloben mosarCelis yvela uflebiT da maT ekisrebaT misi yvela movaleoba. 1. zogjer samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvis procesi rTuldeba imis gamo rom procesSi Semodis piri, romlis interesebi ar emTxveva arc mosarCelisa da arc mopasuxis interesebs. amrigad, mesame piri es iseTi piria, romelic Semodis mxareTa Soris ukve dawyebul procesSi Tavisi sakuTari uflebebisa da interesebis dasacavad, romlebic aramarto ar emTxveva, aramed piriqiT, ewinaaRmdegeba kidec mxareebis (mosarCelis, mopasuxis) interesebs. swored amitom, isini ar SeiZleba Caeban procesSi Tanamonawileebad (ssk 86-e muxli). _ mesame pirebma damoukidebeli moTxovniT sasamarTlos unda mimarTon sarCeliT. imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom miiRos da ganixilos es sarCeli, is unda 168 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari akmayofilebdes yvela im moTxovnas, rac waeyeneba sarCelebs saerTod (ssk 178-e muxli). amave dros, mesame piris sarCels waeyeneba damatebiTi moTxovnebi, kerZod, igi mimarTuli unda iyos davis saganze an mis nawilze. _ mesame piris sarCelis aRZvra da miReba warmoebs im wesebis dacviT, romlebiTac gaTvaliswinebulia saerTod sarCelebis miReba (ssk177-187-e muxlebi). gamonaklisi am wesebidan SeiZleba iyos gansjadoba: mesame pirs SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli damoukidebeli moTxovniT davis saganze im sasamarTloSi, sadac es dava ganixileba. aqedan gamomdinare, mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovniT ver CaiTvleba iseTi piri, romelic sasamarTlom CaTvala aseTad am piris zepiri Tu werilobiTi Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze da am piris mier sarCelis aRZvris gareSe. _ mesame pirebs damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT SeuZliaT aRZran sarCeli mxareTa paeqrobis dawyebamde. cxadia, mesame piris mier sarCelis aRZvra gamoiwvevs saqmis ganxilvis gadadebasa da mis gaWianurebas, magram aseTi wesi ganpirobebulia imiT, rom mesame pirma SeiZleba dagvianebiT Seityos sasamarTloSi mimdinare davisa da am davis sagnis Sesaxeb, magram, Tu piri ama Tu im statusiT (vTqvaT, mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe), monawileobs saqmis ganxilvaSi, romelic isedac TveobiT Wianurdeba da bolos, maSin rodesac saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilva mTavrdeba da sasamarTlo unda gavides gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad, Tu igi warudgens sasamarTlos sarCels damoukidebeli moTxovniT davis saganze, unda miiRos Tu ara sasamarTlom sarCeli aseTi mesame pirisgan? sasamarTlo mowodebulia ebrZolos arakeTilsindisierebas da saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mcdelobas, _ visganac ar unda momdinareobdes igi, 169 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali miT umetes, rom mesame pirs SeuZlia aRZras damoukidebeli sarCeli sxva dros da wina procesSi monawile nebismieri mxaris winaaRmdeg.. _ saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloebi mowodebulni arian ganixilon saCivrebi. amasTan erTad, isini amowmeben gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebebs, Sesabamisad, saapelacio da sakasacio saCivris farglebSi (ssk 377-e da 404-e muxlebi). amrigad, aRniSnuli sasamarTloebi ganixilaven saCivrebs gadawyvetilebebze, romlebic gamotanilia qvemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloebis mier iq aRZrul sarCelebze (ssk 364-e da 391-e muxlebi) da ara sarCelebs. mesame piris sarCeli damoukidebeli moTxovniT aris Cveulebrivi sarCeli da aseTi sarCeliT saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciaSi mimarTva dauSvebelia. 2. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT arian igive mosarCeleebi da isini sargebloben yvela im uflebebiT, ra uflebiTac sargebloben mosarCeleebi saerTod (ssk 83-e muxli). muxli 89. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovnis gareSe yovel dainteresebul pirs, romelic ar acxadebs damoukidebel moTxovnas davis saganze an mis nawilze, SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT, raTa dauSvas igi saqmeSi mesame pirad mosarCelis an mopasuxis mxareze, radgan sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas am saqmeze SeuZlia SemdgomSi gavlena moaxdinos mis uflebebsa da movaleobebze erT-erTi mxaris mimarT. mesame pirad daSvebis sakiTxs mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT wyvets sasamarTlo. 170 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari sasamarTlo praqtikaSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis organoebis, meriebis, gamgeobebis, sxvadasxva inspeqciebis, notariusebis da a. S. samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvaSi damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pirebad Cabma. xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac sasamarTloebis mier ar aris dasabuTebuli da motivirebuli, is Tu romeli mxaris dasaxmareblad Caebnen aRniSnuli subieqtebi procesSi an ra mosazrebiT da romeli kanoniT xelmZRvanelobda sasamarTlo, maTi saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanisas _ damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pirebad saqmeSi Cabmis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos ssk 89-e muxlis moTxovnebiT, romlis Tanaxmad, aseTi mesame pirebis Cabma saqmeSi dasaSvebia, Tu maT gaaCniaT iuridiuli interesi, e. i. Tu `sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas am saqmeze SeuZlia SemdgomSi gavlena moaxdinos mis uflebebsa da movaleobebze erT-erTi mxaris mimarT~. _ sasamarTlom TviTon unda ganWvritos, aqvs Tu ara aseT mesame pirs iuridiuli interesi, e. i. moaxdens Tu ara am saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetileba gavlenas mis uflebebsa da movaleobebze `erT-erTi mxaris mimarT~. am saqmeSi sasamarTlos daexmareba kanonic. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 706-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu tvirTis dakargvis an dazianebis gamo zianis anazRaureba daekisra erT-erT gadamzidvels, maSin mas SeuZlia aRZras regresuli (ukumoTxovnis) sarCeli sxva gadamzidvelebis mimarT. rogorc vxedavT, aseT saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebas, romliTac zianis anazRaureba daekisra erT-erT gadamzidvels, SeuZlia gavlena moaxdinos sxva gadamzidvelis movaleobebze, kerZod, aunazRauros wagebul gadamzidvels is, rac mas daekisra mosarCelis sasargeblod, amitom, es `sxva gadamzidveli~ dainteresebulia Caebas procesSi mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe, raTa da171 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali exmaros gadamzidvels moigos procesi, riTac Tavidan aicdens mis winaaRmdeg regresuli sarCelis aRZvras. _ sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis preiudiciuli (winaswargadamwyveti) Zala sxva sarCelebis ganxilvisas ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Cabmuli iyo Tu ara mesame piri saqmis ganxilvaSi. amitom, damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saqmeSi CabmiT dainteresebuli unda iyos rogorc uSualod mxare, ise mis mxareze monawile mesame piri. _ regresuli moTxovnis wayenebis saSiSroeba, marTalia, mesame pirisaTvis aris iuridiuli interesis warmoSobis ZiriTadi, magram ara erTaderTi safuZveli. magaliTad, praqtika dasaSvebad Tvlis da vfiqrobT gamarTlebulia saqmeSi mesame pirad im bavSvis mSoblis Cabma, romelic adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze iRebs aliments, radgan am mSoblis sxva qorwinebaSi dabadebuli bavSvis sasargeblod alimentis gadaxdevinebis dakisrebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios pirveli gadawyvetilebiT gansazRvruli alimentis odenobis Semcireba. _ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT mesame pirebi damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe da Tanamonawileebi. Tanamonawileobis kanoniT gansazRvruli safuZvlebi iseTia, rom Tanamonawileebi yovelTvis upirispirdebian erTmaneTs _ TanamosarCleebi Tanamopasuxeebs da piriqiT. rac SeexebaT mesame pirebs damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe, isini materialur-samarTlebriv urTierTobaSi arian mxolod im pirTan, romlis mxarezec gamodian procesSi da aranairi samarTlebrivi urTierToba mowinaaRmdege mxaresTan ar akavSirebT. _ mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe SeiZleba iyos rogorc fizikuri, ise iuridiuli piri. 172 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 90. mesame piris Cabma saqmeSi erT-erTi mxaris iniciativiT 1. mesame piri damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovnis gareSe SeiZleba Cabmul iqnes erT-erTi mxaris iniciativiT, risTvisac igi mimarTavs sasamarTlos motivirebuli gancxadebiT. aseTi gancxadeba sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde SeiZleba gakeTdes rogorc werilobiTi, ise zepiri formiT. zepiri gancxadeba Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi. mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas mesame piris saqmeSi monawileobisaTvis Cabmis an aseT Cabmaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. 2. mesame piris saqmeSi Cabmaze uaris Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCineba gasaCivrdeba gadawyvetilebasTan erTad. 1. mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe SeiZleba Cabmuli iqnes saqmeSi rogorc uSualod am mesame piris (ssk 89-e muxli), ise mosarCelis, mopasuxis, damoukidebeli moTxovnis mqone mesame piris iniciativiT. _ sasamarTlos iniciativiT aseTi mesame pirebis saqmeSi Cabmas moqmedi ssk ar iTvaliswinebs, magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia jer kidev saqmis momzadebis stadiaze winadadeba misces mxareebs droulad ganacxadon Tu vin SeiZleba Caebas saqmeSi mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe (ssk 201-e da 203-e muxlebi). _ gancxadeba damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb, imis da miuxedavad werilobiTi Tu zepiri formiTaa igi wardgenili, unda iyos motivirebuli, e. i. miTiTebuli unda iyos safuZveli, ris gamoc ganmcxadebeli moiTxovs mesame piris saqmeSi Cabmas. es imas niSnavs, rom masSi miTiTebuli 173 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali unda iyos Tu konkretulad ra gavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos mesame piris uflebebze da movaleobebze am saqmeze gamotanilma gadawyvetilebam (ssk 89-e muxli). sasamarTlom ar unda dauSvas mesame piris procesSi Cabma saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT. _ damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saqmeSi Cabmis sakiTxze sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas iRebs mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswineba SeiZleba moxdes Semdegnairad: Tu gancxadeba mesame piris saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb Semotanilia am saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, maSin es gancxadeba gadaegzavneba mxares (mxareebs), romelsac daeniSneba Sesabamisi vada am sakiTxze misi werilobiTi mosazrebis wardgenisaTvis. mxaris mier am vadaSi werilobiTi mosazrebis warudgenloba ver daabrkolebs sasamarTlos mier konkretul sakiTxis gadawyvetas. Tu gancxadeba Semotanilia sasamarTlo sxdomaze, maSin mxareTa mosazrebebis mosmena xdeba imave sxdomaze. 2. damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos, agreTve, Tu vis (mosarCelisa Tu mopasuxis) mxareze xdeba mesame piris saqmeSi Cabma. aseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba. _ damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saqmeSi Cabmaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes gadawyvetilebasTan erTad. damoukideblad imisa, mosarCelisa Tu mopasuxis mxareze xdeba damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saqmeSi Cabma, yovlad dauSvebelia gadawyvetileba mosarCelis nacvlad am mesame piris sasargeblod iqnes gamotanili, an mas daekisros pasuxismgebloba mopasuxis nacvlad. amitom, principuli mniSvneloba aqvs sakasacio sasamarTlos miTiTebas erTerT saqmeze imis Sesaxeb, rom piri ar yofila Cabmuli 174 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari saqmeSi mopasuxed, xolo gadawyvetilebiT igi mopasuxed iqna miCneuli riTac uxeSad dairRva am piris uflebebi, ris gamoc gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes.16 muxli 91. mesame pirebis saproceso uflebebi mesame pirebi, romlebic ar acxadeben damoukidebel moTxovnebs davis saganze, sargebloben mxareTa saproceso uflebebiT da maT ekisrebaT mxareTa saproceso movaleobebi, garda uflebisa, gaadidon an Seamciron sasarCelo moTxovnis odenoba, Secvalon sarCelis safuZveli an sagani, cnon sarCeli, uari Tqvan sarCelze an morigdnen, aRZran Segebebuli sarCeli, moiTxovon sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe sargebloben mxareTa saproceso uflebebiT, romlebic CamoTvlilia ssk 83-e muxlSi (ix. am muxlis komentari). amasTan erTad, ssk 91-e muxli Seicavs mxaris im uflebamosilebaTa CamonaTvals, romlebiTac ver isargeblebs mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe. aseT mesame pirs ar SeuZlia, agreTve, gaasaCivros sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi saapelacio an sakasacio wesiT (ssk 364-e da 391-e muxlebi). agreTve Seitanos kerZo saCivari (ssk 414-e muxli). muxli 92. saproceso uflebamonacvleoba 1. sadavo an sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili samarTlebrivi urTierTo- 16 ix.susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, #10, 2000, gv. 478-479. 175 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali bidan erT-erTi mxaris gasvlis SemTxvevaSi (moqalaqis gardacvaleba, iuridiuli piris reorganizacia, moTxovnis daTmoba, valis gadacema da sxva) sasamarTlo dauSvebs am mxaris Secvlas misi uflebamonacvliT. uflebamonacvleoba SesaZlebelia procesis yovel stadiaze. 2. uflebamonacvlisaTvis procesSi mis daSvebamde Sesasrulebeli yvela moqmedeba savaldebuloa im odenobiT, rac savaldebulo iqneboda im pirisaTvis, romelic man Secvala. 3. uflebamonacvleobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo SeaCerebs saqmis warmoebas 279-e muxlis Sesabamisad. 4. uflebamonacvliT Secvlis an aseT Secvlaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. 1. uflebamonacvleobis safuZvelia ara saqmidan erT-erTi mxaris gasvla (magaliTad, arasaTanado mxare gavida saqmidan da mis nacvlad Semovida saTanado mxare), aramed samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan erTerTi mxaris gasvla. _ saproceso uflebamonacvleobis safuZvlebi (anu sadavo samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gasvlis SemTxvevebi) miTiTebulia ssk 92-e muxlSi. aseTi safuZvlebia: a) moqalaqis gardacvaleba. magaliTad, sk 1306-e muxlis Tanaxmad, gardacvlili piris qonebis gadasvla sxva pirebze xorcieldeba kanoniT an anderZiT. b) iuridiuli piris reorganizacia. iuridiuli piris reorganizacia (SeerTeba, mierTeba, gayofa, gamoyofa, gardaqmna) gaTvaliswinebulia `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ kanonis me-14 muxliTa da sk 39-e muxliT. g) moTxovnis daTmoba. gaTvaliswinebulia sk 199-e muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad, garkveuli pirobebis arse176 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari bobisas moTxovnis mflobels (kreditors) SeuZlia moTxovna mesame pirs dauTmos. aseT SemTxvevaSi Tavdapirveli mflobelis adgils ikavebs is piri, romelsac moTxovna dauTmes. Sesabamisad, saproceso uflebamonacvlis adgils, nacvlad Tavdapirveli mflobel-mosarClisa, daikavebs piri, romelsac am Tavdapirvelma mflobel-mosarClem dauTmo moTxovna. d) valis gadacema. valis gadacema (gadakisreba) gaTvaliswinebulia sk 203-e muxliT, romlis Tanaxmad, moTxovnis mflobelTan dadebuli xelSekrulebiT vali SeiZleba Tavis Tavze aiRos mesame pirmac. aseT SemTxvevaSi piri, romelmac Tavis Tavze aiRo vali, daikavebs Tavdapirveli movalis adgils. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu Tavdapirveli movale gvevlineba saqmeSi mopasuxed, valis gadakisrebis SemTxvevaSi mis saproceso uflebamonacvled mogvevlineba piri, romelsac gadaeca (gadaekisra) vali. es CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi. magaliTad, uflebamonacvleobis aucilebloba SeiZleba warmoiSvas sadavo nivTis gasxvisebis (gayidvis) SemTxvevaSi. _ uflebamonacvleoba gansxvavdeba procesSi arasaTanado mxaris Secvlisagan: arasaTanado mxare _ es iseTi piria, romelic ar aris sadavo samarTlebrivi urTierTobis subieqti. amitom, mas ara aqvs moTxovnis ufleba, agreTve man ar unda agos pasuxi mis mimarT aRZrul moTxovnaze. uflebamonacvleobis dros ki piriqiT xdeba: Tavdapirveli mxare iyo saTanado mxare, radgan igi iyo samarTlebrivi urTierTobis subieqti da mxolod imis Sedegad, rom misi adgili am samarTlebriv urTierTobaSi daikava (kanoniT dadgenili safuZvlebiTa da wesiT) sxva pirma, Sesabamisad, es sxva piri ikavebs mis adgils samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebaSi (saproceso uflebamonacvleoba). _ saproceso uflebamonacvleobis safuZvelia uflebamonacvleoba materialur samarTalSi, rodesac materialuri samarTlis normebis mixedviT, dasaS177 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali vebia samarTlebriv urTierTobaSi uflebebisa da movaleobebis subieqtebis Secvla, rodesac axali subieqti mTlianad an nawilobriv iRebs Tavis Tavze Tavisi winamorbedis uflebebs an movaleobebs. Tu uflebamonacvleoba materialuri samarTlis mixedviT dauSvebelia, maSin dauSvebelia saproceso uflebamonacvleobac. magaliTad, Tu gardaicvala piri, romelic samuSaoze aRdgenas moiTxovda, saqmis warmoeba Sewydeba, radgan dauSvebelia am uflebis sxva pirze gadasvla. aseve, dauSvebelia alimentis gadaxdevinebis uflebis gadasvla sxva pirze da a. S. magaliTad, sk 453-e muxlis Tanaxmad, movalis gardacvaleba iwvevs valdebulebis Sewyvetas, Tu Sesruleba SeuZlebelia misi piradi monawileobis gareSe. aseve, kreditoris gardacvalebac iwvevs valdebulebis Sewyvetas, Tu Sesruleba gaTvaliswinebuli iyo piradad kreditorisaTvis. _ saproceso uflebamonacvleoba dasaSvebia procesis nebismier stadiaze, kerZod: a) sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebidan gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde; b) gadawyvetilebis gamotanidan mis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde; g) gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan mis aRsrulebamde. 2. uflebamonacvles ar SeuZlia moiTxovos im saproceso moqmedebis xelmeored (ganmeorebiT) Sesruleba, romelic misma winamorbedma Seasrula. magaliTad, mas ar SeuZlia moiTxovos mowmeTa ganmeorebiT gamoZaxeba da dakiTxva, agreTve, saproceso vadis Tavidan aTvla, Tu es vada gaSvebuli iyo jer kidev misi winamorbedis sicocxleSi an iuridiuli piris reorganizaciamde. magaliTad, Tu uflebamonacvleoba warmoiSva gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, e. i. winamorbedis gardacvalebamde an iuridiuli piris reorganizaciamde, maSin uflebamonacvles ar SeuZlia gaasaCivros es gadawyvetileba, magram, Tu uf178 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari lebamonacvleoba warmoiSva gadawyvetilebis gamotanisTanave, magram mis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde, uflebamonacvles SeuZlia gaasaCivros es gadawyvetileba (ganCineba). _ uflebamonacvlis winamorbedis mier Sesrulebuli yvela saproceso moqmedeba iTvleba Sesrulebulad uflebamonacvlis mier. magaliTad, Tu misma winamorbedma Secvala sarCelis sagani da nacvlad mopasuxis binidan gamosaxlebisa, misgan moiTxova binis qiris gadaxda, uflebamonacvle ver ityvis uars aseT Secvlaze, magram, Tu mis winamorbeds aqvs ufleba uari Tqvas mis mier Sesrulebul saproceso moqmedebaze, maSin aseTive ufleba aqvs uflebamonacvlesac. magaliTad, uflebamonacvles SeuZlia uari Tqvas winamorbedis mier Setanil saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivarze, radgan winamorbedsac hqonda aseTi ufleba (ssk 378-e muxli). 3. Tu uflebamonacvleobis aucilebloba warmoiSva gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde(saqmis pirvel, saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciaSi ganxilvis dros), maSin sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba (ssk 279-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqti), ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. am ganCinebaSi sasamarTlom unda miuTiTos, rom saqmis warmoeba SeCerebulia uflebamonacvlis dadgenamde, magram uflebamonacvlis dadgeniT yovelTvis ver moxdeba SeCerebuli saqmis ganaxleba. _ kerZod, Tu sakiTxi Seexeba mosarCelis uflebamonacvles, maSin man unda mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT, raTa dauSvas igi saqmeSi rogorc mosarCelis uflebamonacvle. manve unda warudginos sasamarTlos uflebamonacvleobis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi (samkvidro mowmoba, moTxovnis daTmobis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba, valis gadakisrebis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba, iuridiuli piris reorganizaciis damadasturebeli dokumentebi da a. S). _ Tu sakiTxi Seexeba mopasuxes, maSin mosarCelem 179 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali an TviTon mopasuxis uflebamonacvlem unda mimarTos sasamarTlos Sesabamisi gancxadebiT. maT sasamarTlos unda warudginon uflebamonacvleobis damadasturebeli sabuTebi. Tu mosarCelis mier dasaxelebuli mopasuxis uflebamonacvle uaryofs Tavis uflebamonacvleobas, man es uaryofa unda daadasturos. _ apelantis Tu kasatoris uflebamonacvlis dasaxelebiT da SeCerebuli saapelacio Tu sakasacio warmoebis ganaxlebiT SeiZleba dainteresebuli iyos mowinaaRmdege (saapelacio Tu sakasacio mopasuxe) mxarec. magaliTad, mosarCelem moigo procesi da mas miekuTvna is sikeTe, rasac moiTxovda (raime nivTi, fuladi Tanxa, binaSi Sesaxleba da a. S.). mopasuxem Seitana saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivari, magram sanam sasamarTlo am saCivars ganixilavda, apelanti (kasatori) gardaicvala. imis gamo, rom am SemTxvevaSi saCivari aris faqtobrivad da iuridiulad sruliad uperspeqtivo, apelantis (kasatoris) uflebamonacvle saerTod ar aris dainteresebuli ganaxldes saqmis ganxilva. is mxolod cdilobs, rom gaWianurdes am saqmis saboloo gadawyveta. mowinaaRmdege mxare ki piriqiT _ dainteresebulia am saqmis ganxilviTa da gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi SesvliT. amitom, apelantis Tu kasatoris mowinaaRmdege mxare TviTon atyobinebs saapelacio (sakasacio) sasamarTlos, rom man ganaaxlos SeCerebuli saapelacio (sakasacio) warmoeba, vinaidan ukve gamovlinda uflebamonacvle. _ Tu uflebamonacvled gvevlineba ramdenime piri, maSin yoveli maTgani unda iqnen saqmeSi Cabmuli. _ uflebamonacvlis dadgenis Semdeg, sasamarTlom unda ganaaxlos saqme, ris Sesaxebac gamoaqvs ganCineba. man unda acnobos uflebamonacvles saqmis ganxilvis Sesaxeb da miuTiTos im Sedegebze, rac SeiZleba moyves mis gamoucxadeblobas. _ SeCerebuli saqmis ganaxlebis Semdeg, saqmis ganxilva Tavidan ar daiwyeba, aramed gagrZeldeba im etapidan, romel etapzec SeCerda misi warmoeba. 180 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari _ gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala vrceldeba uflebamonacvleze, magram Tu uflebamonacvleoba warmoiSva am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg _ aRsrulebis stadiaze, maSin es sakiTxi SeiZleba mogvardes gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis wesiT (ssk 262-e muxli). _ uflebamonacvleobis dadgenamde saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (ssk 282-e muxli). _ uflebamonacvlis dadgenis gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba. rac Seexeba sasamarTlos ganCinebas ulebamonacvliT mxaris Secvlaze an aseT Secvlaze uarisTqmis Sesaxeb - masze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. 181 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XII warmomadgenloba sasamarTloSi muxli 93. saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenlis meSveobiT 1. moqalaqeebs SeuZliaT saqme awarmoon sasamarTloSi piradad, xolo iuridiul pirebs an sxva organizaciebs _ im Tanamdebobis piris meSveobiT, romelsac wesdebiT an debulebiT SeuZlia am iuridiuli pirisa Tu organizaciis saxeliT imoqmedos. 2. mxareebs SeuZliaT agreTve saqme awarmoon sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlis meSveobiT. saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenlis meSveobiT ar arTmevs uflebas mxareebs TviTonac piradad miiRon monawileoba saqmeSi. 1. ssk 93-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi damkvidrebulia principi, romlis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT saqme awarmoon sasamarTloSi piradad anu warmomadgenlis gareSe. es imas niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs warmomadgenlis meSveobiT saqmis warmoebis savaldebulobas. fizikuri piri piradad awarmoebs saqmes, Tu mas ar hyavs warmomadgeneli. aseve, iuridiuli piri piradad awarmoebs saqmes, rodesac saqmes awarmoebs kanoniT an wesdebiT am iuridiuli piris warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili Tanamdebobis piri. magaliTad, mewarmeTa Sesaxeb kanonis 56.3-e muxlis Tanaxmad, `saaqcio sazogadoebas sasamarTloSi da sxva urTierTobebSi warmoadgenen direqtorebi~. aseT da sxva analogiur SemTxvevebSi iTvleba, rom iuridiuli pirebi (kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi sxva organizaciebic) sa182 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari samarTloSi saqmes awarmoeben piradad warmomadgenlis gareSe. 2. ssk 93-e muxlis meore nawiliT ganmtkicebulia principi, romlis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT saqme awarmoon sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlis meSveobiT. _ warmomadgeneli _ es aris piri, romelic marwmuneblis saxeliT da misi interesebis Sesabamisad asrulebs sasamarTloSi yvela im saproceso moqmedebas, rac gaTvaliswinebulia kanoniT da marwmuneblis mier gacemuli mindobilobiT. _ warmomadgenloba daiSveba uklebliv yvela saqmeze, romelic sasamarTlos eqvemdebareba uwyebrivad, agreTve, yvela saxis (sasarCelo, gamartivebuli, udavo) samarTalwarmoebis da administraciul-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSobili saqmeebis ganxilvisas. _ warmomadgenlis meSveobiT saqmis warmoeba SeuZliaT mxareebs _ mosarCeles, mopasuxes, mesame pirs damoukidebeli moTxovniT, agreTve, mesame pirs damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe. mxareebSi igulisxmeba ara marto fizikuri, aramed iuridiuli pirebi da organizaciebi, romlebic Tumca ar arian iuridiuli pirebi, magram kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi SeuZliaT gamovidnen mxareebad procesSi (ssk 79-e muxli). aqedan gamomdinare, iTvleba, rom iuridiuli piri mxolod maSin awarmoebs saqmes warmomadgenlis meSveobiT, rodesac am iuridiuli piris mindobilobiT saqmis warmoeba mindobili aqvs advokats an sxva pirs (magaliTad, organizaciis TanamSromels), romelsac SeuZlia ssk 94-e muxlis Tanaxmad awarmoos sxvisi saqme sasamarTloSi (ssk 94-e muxli). 183 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 94. pirebi, romlebic SeiZleba iyvnen warmomadgenlebad sasamarTloSi sasamarTloSi mxareebis warmomadgenlebad SeiZleba iyvnen: a) advokatebi; b) saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organos, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos, organizaciebis TanamSromlebi - am organoebisa da organizaciebis saqmeebze; g) erT-erTi Tanamonawile danarCen TanamonawileTa davalebiT; d) sxva qmedunariani pirebi - mxolod pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi. 1. ssk 94-e muxli Seicavs im pirTa CamonaTvals, romlebic SeiZleba gamovidnen warmomadgenlebad sasamarTloSi. aqedan gamomdinare, yvelaferi, rac warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis moculobas gansazRvravs, mTlianad vrceldeba am muxlSi CamoTvlil nebismier warmomadgenelze (ssk 98-e muxli). _ advokatebad iwodebian pirebi, romlebic gawevrianebuli arian advokatTa asociaciaSi, Seyvanili arian advokatTa erTian siaSi, dadebuli aqvT fici advokatTa asociaciis aRmasrulebeli sabWos winaSe da miRebuli aqvT saadvokato saqmianobis uflebis damadasturebeli mowmoba (`advokatTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-13 muxli). _ organizaciebis warmomadgenlebad xSirad gamodian am organizaciebis iuristebi, Tumca aseT warmomadgenlad SeiZleba gamovides organizaciis nebismieri TanamSromeli. organizaciis warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili Tanamdebobis pirisgan gansxvavebiT, rogoricaa, magaliTad, direqtori an erT-erTi damfuZnebeli partniori da a. S. (ssk 93-e mux184 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari li), organizaciis TanamSromlebs sWirdebaT mindobiloba, romelic damowmebuli unda iyos am organizaciis warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili piris an organos mier (ssk 96-e muxli). _ Tanamonawile SeiZleba iyos sxva TanamonawileTa warmomadgeneli mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs am sxva (danarCen) TanamonawileTa Tanxmoba amis Sesaxeb (ssk 86-e muxli), rac gaformebuli da dadasturebulia kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ssk 96-e muxli). _ fizikuri Tu iuridiuli piris warmomadgenlad pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi SeiZleba gamovides nebismieri qmedunariani piri. garda qmedunarianobisa, aq raime sxva moTxovnebi gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris es imas niSnavs, rom ar moiTxoveba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebac ki, rac esoden aucilebelia marwmuneblis kanonieri interesebis warmatebulad dacvisaTvis. qmedunarianad iTvleba yoveli piri, romelic kanoniT dadgenili wesiT aRiarebuli ar aris qmeduunarod sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT (ssk 322 da 326-e muxlebi). _ amasTan erTad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar dauSvas piri warmomadgenlad, Tu miiCnevs, rom mas ar gaaCnia sakmarisi monacemebi imisaTvis, rom daicvas mxaris uflebebi (ssk 97-e muxli). aseT `sakmaris monacemebSi,~ sxvadasxva garemoebebTan erTad, igulisxmeba, agreTve, warmomadgenlad arCeuli piris fsiqikuri mdgomareoba, romelic marTalia ar aris aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, magram aSkaraa, rom igi ver uwevs angariSs Tavis moqmedebas da ar Seswevs unari gaiTvaliswinos am moqmedebis SesaZlo Sedegebi. 185 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 95. pirebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba iyvnen warmomadgenlebad sasamarTloSi sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlebad ar SeiZleba iyvnen mosamarTle, gamomZiebeli da prokurori, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac isini procesSi gamodian mSoblebad (mSvileblebad), meurveebad, mzrunvelebad an Sesabamisi organos warmomadgenlebad. _ es muxli Seicavs im pirTa amomwurav CamonaTvals, romlebic ar SeiZleba gamovidnen warmomadgenlebad sasamarTloSi. es imas niSnavs, rom warmomadgenlisa da mosamarTlis, warmomadgenlisa da prokuroris, agreTve, warmomadgenlisa da gamomZieblis funqciebis SeTavseba ar SeiZleba. _ es muxli aseve amomwuravad gansazRvravs iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac masSi CamoTvlili pirebi SeiZleba, rogorc gamonaklisi, gamovidnen warmomadgenlebad. kerZod, mosamarTle SeiZleba gamovides Tavisi sasamarTlos warmomadgenlad, roca es sasamarTlo procesSi gamodis mxared, prokurori an gamomZiebeli SeiZleba gamovides Tavisi prokuraturis an momkvlevi organos warmomadgenlad, roca es prokuratura an momkvlevi organo procesSi gamodis mxared. _ kanonier warmomadgenlebad, e. i. mSoblebad (mSvileblebad), meurveebad, mzrunvelebad, aRniSnuli pirebi SeiZleba gamovidnen nebismier SemTxvevaSi. _ mosamarTlis, prokuroris, gamomZieblis warmomadgenlad ardaSvebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba. muxli 96. warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis gaformeba 1. warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba unda 186 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Camoyalibdes kanonis Sesabamisad gacemul da gaformebul mindobilobaSi. moqalaqeTa mier gacemuli mindobilobebi unda damowmdes sanotaro wesiT an im organizaciis mier, sadac muSaobs an swavlobs marwmunebeli, stacionaruli samkurnalo dawesebulebis administraciis mier, sadac moqalaqe samkurnalod imyofeba, Sesabamisi samxedro nawilis mier, Tu mindobilobas samxedro mosamsaxure gascems. sapatimroSi myofi piris mier gacemul mindobilobas daamowmebs Sesabamisi sapatimro adgilis administracia. 2. mindobilobas organizaciis saxeliT gascems Sesabamisi organizaciis xelmZRvaneli an sxva uflebamosili piri. 3. advokatis uflebamosileba dasturdeba „advokatTa Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoniT dadgenili wesiT. ssk 96-e muxli kategoriulad moiTxovs warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gaformebas. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba ar aris gaformebuli am wesis dacviT, sasamarTlo ar dauSvebs mas warmomadgenlad. 1. ssk 96-e muxlis pirveli nawili amomwuravad gansazRvravs, Tu romel organos da ra pirobebis arsebobisas SeuZlia daamowmos mindobiloba sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebaze. cxadia, es ar arTmevs mxares uflebas sanotaro wesiT daamowmos mindobiloba nebismier pirobebsa da SemTxvevaSi. mindobiloba sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebaze SeuZlia gasces rogorc kerZo, ise sajaro iuridiul pirsa da organizacias. mindobilobaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos im piris Tanamdeboba, saxeli da gvari, romelmac daamowma mindobiloba, agreTve, misi xelmowera da min- 187 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali dobilobaze dasmuli unda iyos Sesabamisi organizaciis beWedi. 2. mxareebad procesSi SeiZleba gamovidnen rogorc fizikuri, ise iuridiuli pirebi (organizaciebi). ssk 96-e muxlis me-2 nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac mxared gvevlineba organizacia da igi mindobilobas gascems swored am organizaciis saxeliT da misi saqmis sawarmoeblad sasamarTloSi. _ mindobilobis gareSe sasamarTloSi SeiZleba gamovides organizaciis Tanamdebobis piri, romelic kanoniT Tu wesdebiT aRWurvilia warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT. magaliTad, `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ kanonis 56.3 muxlis Tanaxmad, saaqcio sazogadoebas sasamarTloSi warmoadgenen direqtorebi. es imas niSnavs, rom, Tu mxared sasamarTloSi gvevlineba saaqcio sazogadoeba, maSin mis direqtors ar sWirdeba specialuri mindobiloba. sakmarisia man sasamarTlos warudginos misi direqtorobis damadasturebeli dokumenti. Tu iuridiul pirs hyavs ara erTi, aramed ramdenime direqtori an xelmZRvaneli, romlebic aRWurvili arian erTnairi da Tanabari warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT da maT Soris ar aris gamijnuli uflebamosilebebi, maSin isini valdebulni arian gascen specialuri uflebamosileba erT-erT maTganze, Tu surT, rom warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosileba am erT-erTma maTganma ganaxorcielos sasamarTloSi. _ Tu iuridiuli piris wesdebis Tanaxmad, warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWurvilia erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli piri (erT-erTi partniori, erT-erTi direqtori, roca ramdenime direqtoria), sasamarTlos unda waredginos dokumenti, romelic adasturebs am piris uflebamosilebas sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlobaze. aseT dokumentad SeiZleba gamodges wesdebidan amonaweri. _ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT kanoniT an wesdebiT warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWur- 188 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari vili pirisa da iuridiuli piris (organizaciis) TanamSromlis warmomadgenloba sasamarTloSi. iuridiuli piris (organizaciis) uflebebis dasacavad sasamarTloSi xSirad gamodian am organizaciebis iuristebi da sxva TanamSromlebi. maT unda warudginon sasamarTlos mindobiloba am organizaciis saxeliT, romelsac gascems warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili Tanamdebobis piri, xolo misi ararsebobisas _ kolegiuri organo, romelic aseTi uflebamosilebiTaa aRWurvili kanoniT an wesdebiT. 3. rac Seexeba advokatis, e. i. im piris uflebamosilebas, romelsac `advokatTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni uwodebs advokats, igi SeiZleba gaformdes im wesiT, romelsac iTvaliswinebs es kanoni. aRniSnuli kanonis me-19 muxlis Tanaxmad, advokatma sasamarTlos unda warudginos saadvokato saqmianobis uflebis damadasturebeli mowmoba, agreTve, klientis mier masze gacemuli dokumenti _ mindobiloba an orderi. _ sasamarTlo praqtikaSi wamoiWra Semdegi sakiTxi: SeuZlia Tu ara mxares sasamarTlos winaSe Tavisi zepiri gancxadebiTa da sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi misi SetaniT daadasturos warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba? am kiTxvaze uaryofiTad unda vupasuxoT. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba yvela SemTxvevaSi moiTxovs saTanadod gaformebul mindobilobas. _ sasamarTlom yovelTvis yuradRebiT unda Seamowmos, ramdenad sworad da kanonis moTxovnaTa dacviTaa Sedgenili da gaformebuli mindobiloba. arasworad Sedgenili mindobiloba SeiZleba gaxdes calkeul saproceso moqmedebaTa da gadawyvetilebaTa gauqmebis safuZveli. 189 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 97. sasamarTlos uari im piris warmomadgenlad daSvebaze, romelic ar aris advokati 1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia uari Tqvas im piris procesSi warmomadgenlad daSvebaze, romelic ar aris advokati, Tu miiCnevs, rom am ukanasknels ar gaaCnia sakmarisi monacemebi imisaTvis, rom warmoadginos mxare da daicvas misi uflebebi. 2. is moqmedebebi, romlebic saproceso warmomadgenelma gadayenebamde awarmova, ZalaSi rCeba. 3. sasamarTlos ganCinebaze im piris warmomadgenlad daSvebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, romelic ar aris advokati, SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. 1. am muxliT dadgenili wesi emsaxureba mxaris uflebis realurad dacvis interesebs: Tu sasamarTlosaTvis aSkaraa, rom mxaris mier warmomadgenlad SerCeuli piri ver daicavs mis uflebebs, mas SeuZlia uari Tqvas am piris warmomadgenlad daSvebaze. aseTi uaris Tqma SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiT, rom warmomadgenels ar gaaCnia sakmarisi codna da gamocdileba sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebisaTvis, an kidev imiT, rom igi, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT, gamoyvanilia advokatTa erTiani siidan mis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanis gamo, an imis gamo, rom igi ar akmayofilebs Sesabamis moTxovnebs, rac gaTvaliswinebulia `advokatTa Sesaxeb~ kanonis me-10 da me-14 muxlebiT. ssk 97-e muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi hyavs mxolod iseTi pirebi, romlebic ar arian advokatebi, radgan igulisxmeba, rom advokatebs gaaCniaT sakmarisi monacemebi awarmoon saqme sasamarTloSi da daicvan mxaris uflebebi. 190 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 2. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac warmomadgenlis arakompetenturoba gairkva mas Semdeg, roca man ukve Seasrula garkveuli saproceso moqmedebebi, es Sesrulebuli moqmedebebi ZalaSi rCeba am warmomadgenlis daSvebaze uarisTqmis Semdegac. 3. aseTi ganCineba sasamarTlom SeiZleba miiRos maSinve, rogorc ki mas waredgineba piris warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebis damadasturebeli dokumenti, agreTve saqmis warmoebis nebismier stadiaze. aRniSnuli ganCineba SeiZleba miRebul iqnes mxareTa Setyobinebis gareSe, xolo Tu aseTi ganCineba miRebulia sasamarTlo sxdomaze maSin igi unda aisaxos sxdomis oqmSi. aseTi ganCinebis Sesaxeb unda ecnobos mxares, visi uflebamosilebiTac gamodioda gadayenebuli warmomadgeneli, agreTve, TviT gadayenebul warmomadgenelsac. amave ganCinebiT mxares unda ganemartos, rom mas SeuZlia TviTon awarmoos saqme, an miandos saqmis warmoeba sxva warmomadgenels, risTvisac sasamarTlo uniSnavs mas vadas da afrTxilebs, rom Tu am vadaSi ar iqneba mis mier SerCeuli warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlo gaagrZelebs saqmis ganxilvas.17 piris warmomadgenlad daSvebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana muxli 98. warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba 1. uflebamosileba sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoebis Sesaxeb uflebas aZlevs warmomadgenels marwmuneblis saxeliT Seasrulos yvela saproceso moqmedeba, garda 17 ix. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2004 wlis 16 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba. 191 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali sarCelis aRZvrisa, arbitraJisaTvis saqmis gadacemisa, sasarCelo moTxovnaze mTlianad an nawilobriv uaris Tqmisa, sarCelis cnobisa, sarCelis sagnis Secvlisa, morigebisa, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebisa, saaRsrulebo furclis gadasaxdevineblad wardgenisa, mikuTvnebuli qonebis an fulis miRebisa, warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba am muxlSi aRniSnuli TiToeuli moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis specialurad unda iqnes aRniSnuli marwmuneblis mier gacemul mindobilobaSi. 2. mxaris mier uflebamosil pirs SeuZlia calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba miandos sxva advokats an mis TanaSemwes. 1. ssk 98-e muxli Seicavs im saproceso moqmedebaTa amomwurav CamonaTvals, romelTa Sesrulebis uflebac ara aqvs warmomadgenels specialuri mindobilobis gareSe. es imas niSnavs, rom warmomadgenels mindobilobaSi specialuri miTiTebis gareSe SeuZlia Seasrulos yvela sxva saproceso moqmedeba, romelTa Sesruleba SeuZlia TviTon marwmunebels (ssk 83-e muxlis pirveli nawili). maSasadame, warmomadgenloba avtomaturad, e. i. specialuri miTiTebis gareSe, aniWebs uflebas warmomadgenels Seasrulos yvela saproceso moqmedeba, garda am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlili moqmedebebisa, romelebic ukavSirdeba marwmuneblis mier misi materialur-samarTlebrivi uflebis gankargvas (dispoziciurobis principi) da amitom, maT Sesaxeb specialurad unda iyos aRniSnuli mindobilobaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu warmomadgenelma specialuri mindobilobis gareSe Seasrula iseTi saproceso moqmedeba, romelic amgvar mindobilobas moiTxovs, aseTi moqmedeba araviTar samarlebriv Sedegs ar war192 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari moSobs. magaliTad, Tu warmomadgenelma cno sarCeli, an uari Tqva masze, an kidev Tu saqme daamTavra morigebiT da a. S. misi aseTi moqmedeba ar warmoSobs raime Sedegs, xolo Tu sasamarTlom mas aseTi Sedegi daukavSira, aseTi sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) usaTuod unda gauqmdes dainteresebuli piris moTxovniT. praqtikaSi zogjer gvxvdeba SemTxveva, rodesac warmomadgeneli saapelacio an sakasacio wesiT asaCivrebs gadawyvetilebas, Tumca mindobilobaSi ar aris miTiTebuli misi aseTi uflebamosilebis Sesaxeb. aseTi saCivari, rogorc dauSvebeli, ganuxilvelad unda datovos Sesabamisma sasamarTlom, Tu warmomadgenels ar mieca vada xarvezis Sesavsebad. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom aseTi arauflebamosili piris mier saCivris Setana avtomaturad ver SeaCerebs gasaCivrebis vadis denas. nebismieri instanciis sasamarTlom zedmiwevniT yuradRebiT unda Seamowmos warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis farglebi. 2. ssk 98-e muxlis meore nawili uflebas aniWebs warmomadgenels calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba miandos sxva advokats an mis TanaSemwes. am uflebis ganxorcielebis mizniT, warmomadgenelma aucileblad unda misces mindobiloba sxva advokats im saproceso moqmedebaze miTiTebiT, romelic man unda Seasrulos. aseTi mindobiloba iqneba safuZveli sasamarTlosaTvis, raTa dauSvas igi aRniSnuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesasruleblad. ssk 98-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi laparakia calkeul saproceso moqmedebaze da ara saqmis warmoebaze mTlianad. es imas niSnavs, rom warmomadgenels SeuZlia miandos sxva advokats calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba gonivrul farglebSi da saamisod Sesabamisi safuZvlis (magaliTad, avadmyofoba, mivlineba, sxva saqmeze gadaudebeli saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba da a. S.) arsebobisas. advokatis TanaSemweze calkeuli saproceso moq193 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali medebis Sesrulebis gadandoba dasaSvebia mxolod im pirobiT, Tu realurad iqneba SemoRebuli aseTi Tanamdeboba. muxli 99. warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyveta marwmuneblis mier marwmunebels ufleba aqvs saqmis warmoebis yvela stadiaze gaauqmos Tavis mier gacemuli mindobiloba da Sewyvitos warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba, ris Sesaxebac igi werilobiT acnobebs sasamarTlosa da warmomadgenels. mxaris winadadebiT warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyveta ar warmoadgens saqmis warmoebis SeCerebisa Tu saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZvels. uflebamosilebaSewyvetili warmomadgenlis mier kanonis Sesabamisad Sesrulebuli yvela saproceso moqmedeba inarCunebs mniSvnelobas. 1. marwmunebels SeuZlia motivirebis gareSe gaauqmos mis mier gacemuli mindobiloba da Sewyvitos warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba. marwmunebels aseT SemTxvevaSi evaleba erTaderTi ram _ werilobiT acnobos amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos da warmomadgenels. im momentidan, roca sasamarTlos werilobiT ecnoba warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlo aRar dauSvebs mas saproceso moqmedebaTa Sesasruleblad. Tu aseTi gancxadeba mxarem gaakeTa saqmis sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganxilvis dros, maSin es gancxadeba Seitaneba sxdomis oqmSi, razec xeli unda moaweros ganmcxadebelma. amrigad, warmomadgenlis uflebamosileba Sewyvetilad iTvleba, roca mxare werilobiT mimarTavs 194 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari sasamarTlos, an roca aseTi gancxadeba gakeTdeba sasamarTlos mosamzadebel an mTavar sxdomaze. _ aRniSnul uflebas mxare ver gamoiyenebs saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT. swored am mosazrebiT xelmZRvanelobs kanonmdebeli, rodesac miuTiTebs, rom mxaris iniciativiT warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyveta ver gaxdeba saqmis warmoebis SeCerebisa Tu saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli, e. i. saqmis warmoeba da misi ganxilva unda gagrZeldes da sasamarTlom ar unda daakmayofilos mxaris Suamdgomloba SeCerebisa Tu gadadebis Sesaxeb (Tu aRiZvreba aseTi Suamdgomloba ). Tu mxares surs aiyvanos sxva warmomadgeneli, man droulad da yovelgvari gaWianurebis gareSe unda gaakeTos es. _ marwmuneblis mier warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyveta (iseve rogorc saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenlis meSveobiT) aris mxaris sruli ufleba da sasamarTlom yovelTvis unda daakmayofilos misi gancxadeba amis Taobaze. warmomadgenels ara aqvs ufleba gaaprotestos marwmuneblis aseTi moqmedeba. muxli 100. warmomadgenlis uari Tavis uflebamosilebaze warmomadgenels ufleba aqvs saqmis warmoebis yvela stadiaze uari Tqvas Tavis uflebamosilebaze, ris Sesaxebac droulad unda acnobos rogorc sasamarTlos, ise mis marwmunebels, raTa am ukanasknelma SeZlos TviTon miiRos monawileoba procesSi da aiyvanos axali warmomadgeneli. amis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlo daniSnavs dros, roca warmomadgenels ufleba aqvs Sewyvitos procesSi monawileoba. warmomadgenels iseve rogorc marwmunebels, ufleba aqvs calmxrivad da motivirebis gareSe mimar195 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali Tos sasamarTlos da marwmunebels werilobiTi gancxadebiT Tavis uflebamosilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. aseTi uari mas SeuZlia ganacxados sasamarTlos sxdomazec, rac Seitaneba sxdomis oqmSi. _ Tavis uflebamosilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setana, an sasamarTlos mosamzadebel Tu mTavar sxdomaze aseTi gancxadebis gakeTeba jer kidev ar niSnavs warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyvetas. marTalia, aseTi gancxadeba yovelTvis unda daakmayofilos sasamarTlom, radgan ar SeiZleba vaiZuloT piri gaswios warmomadgenloba, magram dros, roca warmomadgenels ufleba aqvs Sewyvitos procesSi monawileoba,niSnavs sasamarTlo. dros sasamrTlo niSnavs im varaudiT, rom marwmunebelma TviTon miiRos monawileoba procesSi an aiyvanos axali warmomadgeneli. iseTi SemTxvevisagan gansxvavebiT, roca marwmunebeli uars ambobs warmomadgenelze, rac ver gaxdeba saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli, Tu warmomadgenlis mier uflebamosilebaze uaris Tqmas adgili aqvs sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes aRniSnuli sxdomis gadadeba im droiT, rac saWiro iqneba axali warmomadgenlis asayvanad, Tu amis Sesaxeb survils gamoTqvams marwmunebeli da Tu am drois manZilze igi ar aiyvans axal warmomadgenels, sasamarTlos SeuZlia CaTvalos, rom marwmunebeli (mxare) TviTon, piradad awarmoebs saqmes warmomadgenlis gareSe da ganixilos saqme saerTo wesiT. muxli 101. kanonieri warmomadgenlebi 1. qmeduunaro moqalaqis, agreTve SezRuduli qmedunarianobis mqone moqalaqis uflebebsa da kanoniT dacul interesebs sasamarTloSi icaven maTi mSoblebi, mSvileblebi, meurveebi da mzrunvelebi, rom196 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari lebic warudgenen sasamarTlos TavianTi uflebamosilebis damadasturebel dokumentebs. 2. kanonieri warmomadgenlebi warmosadgen pirTa saxeliT asruleben yvela saproceso moqmedebas, romelTa Sesrulebis uflebac mikuTvnebuli aqvT warmomdgenT kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SezRudvebiT. 3. saqmeSi, romelSic unda monawileobdes kanoniT dadgenili wesiT ugzoukvlod dakargulad cnobili moqalaqe, mis warmomadgenlad monawileobs piri, romelsac gadaeca samarTavad ugzoukvlod dakarguli piris qoneba. 4. saqmeSi, romelSic unda monawileobdes gardacvlilis an kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gardacvlilad cnobili piris memkvidre, Tu memkvidreoba aravis miuRia, memkvidris warmomadgenlad gamodis samkvidro qonebis dacvisa da marTvisaTvis daniSnuli piri. 5. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi kanonier warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT sasamarTloSi saqmis warmoeba miandon advokats, rac ar arTmevs uflebas kanonier warmomadgenels TviTonac miiRos monawileoba saqmeSi. yvela fizikuri da iuridiuli piri aRWurvilia saproceso uflebaunarianobiT, e. i. unariT hqondes saproceso uflebebi da movaleobebi. magram yvela pirs ar gaaCnia unari, Tavisi moqmedebiT ganaxorcielos sasamarTloSi Tavisi uflebebi, maT Soris, daavalos saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenels, e. i. yvela pirs ar gaaCnia saproceso qmedunarianoba. imis Taobaze, Tu vis SeuZlia gamovides sasamarTloSi aseTi pirebis warmomadgenlebad, izruna TviTon 197 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali kanonmdebelma. swored amitom ewodeba aseT warmomadgenlebs kanonieri, kanonismieri warmomadgenlebi. 1. romeli pirebi ganekuTvnebian qmeduunaro, agreTve, SezRuduli qmedunarianobis mqone pirebs? am kiTxvaze pasuxs Seicavs ssk 81-e muxli (ix. am muxlis komentari). kanonieri warmomadgenlebis uflebamosilebis specialuri gaformeba ar aris saWiro. maT sasamarTlos unda warudginon imis damadasturebeli dokumenti, rom isini arian kanonieri warmomadgenlebi, kerZod, pasporti, romelSic aris Sesabamisi Canaweri Svilebis Sesaxeb, mcirewlovanis Tu arasrulwlovanis dabadebis mowmoba, Svilad ayvanis mowmoba, meurveobis Tu mzrunvelobis damadasturebeli sabuTi. araregistrirebul qorwinebaSi dabadebuli bavSvis kanonieri warmomadgeneli iqneba bavSvis deda, Tu mamoba araa dadgenili, magram Tu mamoba dadgenilia, maSin kanonier warmomadgenlad SeiZleba gamovides erT-erTi mSobeli. 2. kanonieri warmomadgenlebi sargebloben farTo saproceso uflebebiT. kanonieri warmomadgenloba, avtomaturad, specialuri uflebamosilebis gareSe, aniWebs maT uflebas cnon sarCeli, uari Tqvan sarCelze, daamTavron saqme morigebiT, gaasaCivron sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, moiTxovon gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba da a. S. amasTan erTad, kanoni Seicavs SezRudvebsac. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1294-e muxlis Tanaxmad, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos winaswari Tanxmobis gareSe meurves ufleba ara aqvs sameurveo piris saxeliT dados garigeba, xolo mzrunvels _ samzrunvelo piris saxeliT daTanxmdes garigebis dadebaze, romelic Seexeba qonebis gasxvisebas, dagiravebas, Txovebas, sameurveo an samzrunvelo piris kuTvnil uflebebze uaris Tqmas da a. S. am mxriv, mTel rig SezRudvebs Seicavs samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1296-e da 1297-e muxlebi. 198 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari aq miTiTebuli muxlebis analizidan SeiZleba gavakeToT daskvna, rom sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos meurvisa da mzrunvelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma, sarCelis cnoba an saqmis morigebiT damTavreba, Tu amis Sesaxeb ar arsebobs meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebis winaswari Tanxmoba, gamoxatuli werilobiTi formiT. kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SezRudvebis farglebs gareT, rac qmeduunaro da SezRudulqmedunariani pirebis interesebis dacvisTvisaa gaTvaliswinebuli, kanonier warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT Seasrulon yvela saproceso moqmedeba, romelTa Sesrulebis ufleba aqvT maT warmomdgenT. 3. ssk 101-e muxlis me-3 da me-4 nawilebiT gansazRvrulia, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi SeuZliaT warmomadgenlebad monawileobdnen procesSi pirebi, romlebsac samarTavad gadaecaT ugzo-ukvlod dakarguli pirebis qoneba (ssk 320-e muxlis pirveli nawili), agreTve, samkvidro qonebis dacvisa da marTvisaTvis daniSnuli pirebi. 4. marTalia, ssk 101-e muxlis me-5 nawilis mixedviT, kanonier warmomadgenels SeuZlia saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi miandos advokats, magram am muxliT dadgenili wesi unda gavigoT ufro farTod da aRvniSnoT, rom mas SeuZlia saqmis warmoeba, garda advokatisa, miandos nebismier pirs, romelic SeiZleba gamovides procesSi warmomadgenlad (ssk 94-e muxli). _ sasamarTlo praqtikaSi adgili aqvs SemTxvevebs, rodesac sarCeli aRiZvris qmeduunaro piris winaaRmdeg an qmeduunaro piris mier, romelsac ara hyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos TviTon SeuZlia daniSnos droebiTi saproceso warmomadgeneli (ssk 82-e muxli). 199 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali kari mesame sasamarTlo mtkicebulebebi T a v i XIII mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Sefaseba muxli 102. mtkicebis tvirTi. mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba 1. TiToeulma mxarem unda daamtkicos garemoebani, romlebzedac igi amyarebs Tavis moTxovnebsa da Sesagebels. 2. am garemoebaTa damtkiceba SeiZleba TviT mxareTa (mesame pirTa) axsna-ganmartebiT, mowmeTa CvenebiT, werilobiTi Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebiTa da eqspertTa daskvnebiT. 3. saqmis garemoebebi, romlebic kanonis Tanaxmad unda dadasturdes garkveuli saxis mtkicebulebebiT, ar SeiZleba dadasturdes sxva saxis mtkicebulebebiT. 1. ssk 102-e muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs, Tu romeli garemoebebi unda damtkicdes samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis mizniT (mtkicebis sagani) da vin, e. i. romelma mxarem unda daamtkicos es garemoebebi (mtkicebis tvirTi). _ mtkicebis sagnis gansazRvrisaTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs sarCels da mopasuxis Sesagebels: mtkicebis sagans Seadgenen faqtebi, romlebzec mosarCele da mopasuxe amyareben TavianT sasarCelo moTxovnebsa da sarCelis winaaRmdeg mimarTul Sesagebels. kidev ufro mkafiod es pozicia gamokveTilia 200 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ssk me-4 muxlis pirvel nawilSi romlis Tanaxmad, mxareebi TviTonve gansazRvraven, Tu romeli faqtebi unda daedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebs an romeli mtkicebulebebiT unda dadasturdes es faqtebi (ix. am muxlis komentari). ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mxareebma TavianTi moTxovnebisa Tu Sesageblis dasabuTebisaTvis miuTiTon iseT faqtebsa da garemoebebze, romlebsac sinamdvileSi araviTari mniSvneloba ar gaaCniaT maTi dasabuTebisaTvis. magaliTad, mosarCele, romelic moiTxovs mopasuxisagan sesxis saxiT gacemuli Tanxis ukan dabrunebas, am moTxovnas asabuTebs aramarto imiT, rom man sesxis saxiT namdvilad gadasca garkveuli Tanxa mopasuxes, romlis dabrunebis vada ukve dadga, aramed imiTac, rom am sesxis dabrunebas misTvis aqvs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba, radgan aRmoCnda mZime ekonomikur mdgomareobaSi, ris dasadasturebladac igi Suamdgomlobs sasamrTlos winaSe dakiTxon mowmeebi. valdebulebis Sesruleba ar aris damokidebuli kreditoris ekonomikur mdgomareobaze. valdebuleba unda Sesruldes, Tu igi namdvilad arsebobs, miuxedavad kreditoris ekonomikuri mdgomareobisa. amitom, aseTi faqtis damtkicebas ara aqvs mniSvneloba. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba gavakeToT daskvna: sasamarTlom konkretul saqmeze mtkicebis sagnis gansazRvris dros unda ixelmZRvanelos mxareTa mier sarCelisa da Sesageblis dasabuTebisaTvis miTiTebuli faqtebiT, magram Tu am faqtebs Soris aris iseTi faqtebi, romlebsac kanonis Tanaxmad ara aqvT raime mniSvneloba am moTxovnebisa da Sesageblis dasabuTebisaTvis, e. i. iuridiulad ver amarTleben am moTxovnebs, sasamarTlom ar unda Seitanos aseTi faqtebi mtkicebis saganSi da ar unda miiRos mtkicebulebebi maT dasadastureblad. _ ssk 102-e muxlis pirveli nawili Seicavs mxareTa Soris mtkicebis tvirTis (movaleobis) ganawilebis zogad wess: mosarCelem unda daamtkicos garemoebe201 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali bi, romlebzec igi amyarebs Tavis moTxovnas, xolo mopasuxem _ garemoebebi, romlebzec igi amyarebs Tavis Sesagebels. amrigad, mtkicebis tvirTi erTnairad ekisreba mxareebs da es tvirTi Tanabrad nawildeba maT Soris. xSirad, miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu romelma mxarem romeli faqtebi unda daamtkicos, gansazRvravs materialur-samarTlebrivi normebi. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 158-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, ivaraudeba, rom nivTis mflobeli aris misi mesakuTre. Tu aramflobelma mesakuTrem aRZra vindikaciuri sarCeli mflobelis mimarT nivTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, maSin man unda daamtkicos, rom igi aris sadavo nivTis mesakuTre, e. i. am faqtis mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba mosarCeles, radgan mopasuxe ivaraudeba mesakuTred. magram, Tu mosarCelem daamtkica Tavisi sakuTreba sadavo nivTze, maSin mopasuxem unda daamtkicos, rom igi flobs sadavo nivTs kanonis safuZvelze. samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli prezumfciis (varaudis) saproceso mniSvneloba mTlianad amoiwureba mxareTa Soris mtkicebis tvirTis ganawilebiT. mtkicebis tvirTis mxareTa Soris ganawileba materialuri samarTlis sxvadasxva institutebidan gamomdinare sarCelebSi, pirdapir an arapirdapir regulirdeba kanoniT, rac saSualebas miscems sasamarTlos zustad gansazRvros, Tu romeli faqtebi ganekuTvneba sarCelis safuZvelSi Semaval faqtebs, romlebic mosarCelem unda daamtkicos da romeli faqtebi ganekuTvneba Sesageblis safuZvels, romlebic mopasuxem unda daamtkicos. magaliTad, mosarCele mopasuxisagan moiTxovs garkveuli Tanxis dakisrebas im safuZvliT, rom man sesxad gadasca mas es Tanxa da dadga misi dabrunebis dro, magram mopasuxe ar abrunebs Tanxas. mosarCelem unda daamtkicos sesxis micemis faqti, sesxis dabrunebis vadis dadgomis faqti, magram igi ar aris valdebuli, daadasturos mtkicebulebebiT (daamtkicos), rom mo202 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari pasuxes ar daubrunebia vali. valis dabrunebis faqti, Tu mopasuxe am faqtze amyarebs Tavis Sesagebels, unda daadasturos mopasuxem. mas ekisreba am faqtis, an sxva iseTi faqtebis dadasturebis tvirTi, romlebsac SeuZliaT gaaqarwylon mosarCelis moTxovnis safuZvlianoba. es imas niSnavs, rom faqtebis miTiTebis tvirTi da am faqtebis mtkicebis tvirTi SeiZleba ar daemTxves erTmaneTs. 2. ssk 102-e muxlis me-2 nawili amomwuravad gansazRvravs mtkicebis saSualebaTa (mtkicebulebaTa) wres. saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dasadastureblad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes aq miTiTebuli mtkicebis nebismieri saSualeba, garda kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli gamonaklisi SemTxvevebisa. 3. ssk 102-e muxlis me-3 nawili amkvidrebs mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis princips, romlis Tanaxmad, kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi, ama Tu im faqtis dasadastureblad daiSveba ara nebismieri mtkicebuleba, romelic miTiTebulia ssk 102-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi, aramed mxolod zogierTi maTgani. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 183-e muxlis Tanaxmad, uZravi nivTis SesaZenad aucilebelia sanotaro wesiT damowmebuli sabuTi da SemZenis registracia sajaro reestrSi. aqedan gamomdinare, uZravi nivTis SeZenis faqtis dadasturebisaTvis SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes mxolod werilobiTi mtkicebuleba. amave kodeqsis 593-e muxlis Tanaxmad, miwis ijaris xelSekruleba unda daidos werilobiTi formiT. Tu es forma ar aris daculi, maSin ivaraudeba, rom xelSekruleba dadebulia ganusazRvreli vadiT. aqedan gamomdinare, mxarem, romelic miuTiTebs, rom xelSekruleba dadebulia garkveuli vadiT, sasamarTlos unda warudginos werilobiTi xelSekruleba. sxva saxis mtkicebulebebiT am faqtis dadastureba dauSvebelia. 203 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 103. mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba 1. mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlos warudgenen mxareebi. sasamarTlos SeuZlia SesTavazos mxareebs warmoadginon damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi. 2. Tu mxareebma ama Tu im mizeziT ver SeZles mtkicebulebebis uSualod miReba da sasamarTloSi wardgena, mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT sasamarTlos SeuZlia TviTon gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi, visTanac unda iyos isini. 3. kanonis darRveviT mopovebul mtkicebulebebs iuridiuli Zala ara aqvT. 1. faqtebis mtkicebis tvirTi (movaleoba) ekisrebaT mxareebs. am tvirTisagan gasaTavisufleblad mxareebma sasamarTlos unda warudginon mtkicebulebebi, romelTa safuZvelzec SesaZlebeli iqneba faqtis dadastureba da romlebsac sasamarTlo utyuarad da sarwmunod miiCnevs. ssk 103-e muxlis pirveli nawili Seicavs metad mniSvnelovan debulebas, romlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia SesTavazos mxareebs warmoadginon damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi, ra Tqma unda, Tu maT aseTi mtkicebulebebi gaaCniaT. sasamarTlos mxridan aseTi SeTavazeba unda emsaxurebodes simarTlis garkvevas da ar unda keTdebodes romelime mxarisaTvis daxmarebis aRmoCenis mizniT (ssk 203-e muxlis pirveli nawili). 2. imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom TviTon gamoiTxovos mtkicebuleba, aucilebelia ori pirobis erTdroulad arseboba: a) mxareebma TviTon ver SeZles mtkicebulebis miReba ama Tu im pirisagan, sul erTia, fizikuri piri iqneba is Tu iuridiuli. magaliTad, miuxedavad araerTgzis mcdelobisa, mxarem ver miiRo werilobi204 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Ti masalebi ama Tu im saministrodan; b) mxareebma mimarTes sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT, rom man gamoiyenos Tavisi avtoriteti da TviTon gamoiTxovos es mtkicebulebebi. cxadia, rom mxare, romelic aseTi SuamdgomlobiT mimarTavs sasamarTlos, valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu konkretulad romeli faqtis dadasturebisaTvis sWirdeba mas es mtkicebuleba (ssk104-e muxli). 3. ssk 102-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi CamoTvlili mtkicebulebebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli da mtkicebis damoukidebeli saSualebebia. kanoni zustad da amomwuravad gansazRvravs maTi miRebis, Segrovebisa da Semowmebis wesebs. sasamarTlo valdebulia zustad daicvas es wesebi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, mtkicebulebas ar SeiZleba raime mniSvneloba mieniWos _ igi ver iqneba gamoyenebuli rogorc mtkicebuleba. magaliTad, mowme unda gamoiZaxos da dakiTxos saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom (ssk 145-e muxli), magram Tu mowme dakiTxa TviTon dainteresebulma mxarem an misma warmomadgenelma da dakiTxvis masalebi warudgines sasamarTlos, es iqneba kanonis darRveviT mopovebuli mtkicebuleba, romelic ar unda miiRos da Seafasos sasamarTlom. muxli 104. mtkicebulebaTa miuRebloba 1. sasamarTlo ar miiRebs, ar gamoiTxovs an saqmidan amoiRebs mtkicebulebebs, romlebsac saqmisaTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvT. 2. mtkicebulebaTa miuReblobis, gamoTxovaze uaris Tqmis an saqmidan maTi amoRebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba, romelic calke ar gasaCivrdeba. magram SeiZleba gasaCivrdes gadawyvetilebasTan erTad. 205 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 1. sasamarTlo praqtikaSi xSirad SevxvdebiT saqmeebs, romlebic gadatvirTulia iseTi masalebiT, romlebsac am saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvT. es drois unayofod xarjvaa da sakmaod arTulebs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa dasabuTebulobis Semowmebis SesaZleblobas zemdgomi sasamarTlo instanciebis mier. sasamarTlom unda miiRos mxolod iseTi mtkicebuleba, romelic saqmes exeba da romelsac SeuZlia daadasturos saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoeba. _ mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadobis principis konkretuli gamovlinebaa wesi, romlis Tanaxmad, werilobiTi sabuTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu romeli garemoebis dadgena SeiZleba am mtkicebulebiT (ssk 134-e muxlis me-3 nawili). igive wesia Camoyalibebuli sxva saxis mtkicebulebaTa mimarT (140-e muxlis me-3 nawili). _ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadoba da mtkicebulebaTa utyaroba (sarwmunooba). mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadoba uzrunvelyofs saWiro da saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone mtkicebulebebis Segrovebas, zedmeti da gamousadegari mtkicebulebebis Segrovebaze da Semowmebaze drois fuWad xarjvis Tavidan acilebas. gankuTvnadia mxolod iseTi mtkicebuleba, romelic mimarTulia saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone ama Tu im garemoebis dadasturebisaken. sxva sakiTxia, rom gankuTvnadi da sworad miRebuli mtkicebuleba SemdgomSi Semowmebisa da Sefasebis Sedegad ar aRmoCnda utyuari da sarwmuno. aseT mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlo ver daeyrdnoba ara imitom, rom isini ar aris gankuTvnadi, aramed imitom, rom isini ar aris sarwmuno da utyuari. _ sasamarTlos SeuZlia saqmidan amoiRos SecdomiT miRebuli aragankuTvnadi mtkicebuleba, magram is ver amoiRebs saqmidan iseT mtkicebulebas, romelic gankuTvnadia, magram ar aris sarwmuno. 2. sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi mtkicebulebis miReba206 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ze an gamoTxovaze uaris Tqmis an kidev, SecdomiT miRebuli mtkicebulebis saqmidan amoRebis Sesaxeb, miTiTebuli unda iyos faqtze (faqtebze), romlis dasadasturebladac es mtkicebulebaa wardgenili da romelsac am saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis aranairi mniSvneloba ara aqvs. magaliTad, sasamarTlom ar miiRo an saqmidan amoiRo mravalricxovani cnobebi, rekomendaciebi da daxasiaTebebi, romlebic marTalia dadebiTad axasiaTeben mxaris pirovnebas, magram araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvT im sakiTxis gadasawyvetad, unda daekisros Tu ara am mxares valis gadaxda, zianis anazRaureba da a. S. mowinaaRmdege mxaris sasargeblod. muxli 105. mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba 1. sasamarTlosaTvis araviTar mtkicebulebas ara aqvs winaswar dadgenili Zala. 2. sasamarTlo afasebs mtkicebulebebs Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT, romelic unda emyarebodes sasamarTlo sxdomaze maT yovelmxriv, srul da obieqtur ganxilvas, ris Sedegadac mas gamoaqvs daskvna saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis arsebobis an ararsebobis Sesaxeb. 3. mosazrebebi, romlebic safuZvlad udevs sasamarTlos Sinagan rwmenas, unda aisaxos gadawyvetilebaSi. 1. mtkicebis saSualebaTa (mtkicebulebaTa) saxeebi, romlebic SeiZleba gamoiyenos sasamarTlom saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis dasadgenad, amomwuravadaa gansazRvruli kanoniT (ssk 102-e muxlis me-2 nawili). arcerT mtkicebulebas ar gaaCnia raime upiratesoba sxva mtkicebulebasTan SedarebiT. arcerT mtkicebulebas ara aqvs, agreTve, winaswar dadgenili Zala sasamarTlosaTvis. erTmaneTisagan unda 207 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ganvasxvavoT mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba da maTi winaswar dadgenili Zala. dasaSveboba niSnavs mxolod imas, rom ama Tu im faqtis dasadastureblad daiSveba ara yvela, aramed mxolod zogierTi mtkicebuleba (ssk 104-e muxlis pirveli nawili). winaswar dadgenili Zala ki niSnavs imas, rom ama Tu im mtkicebulebis mniSvneloba winaswaraa gansazRvruli da misi Zala da mniSvneloba sasamarTlos Sefasebaze ar aris damokidebuli. cxadia, aseTi ram dauSvebelia, radgan igi mTlianad SeuTavsebelia mtkicebulebaTa Tavisufali Sefasebis sayovelTaod aRiarebul principTan. aqedan gamomdinare, dasaSvebi mtkicebuleba SeiZleba uaryos sasamarTlom, rogorc arasarwmuno. 2. mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlo afasebs Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT, magram es imas rodi niSnavs, rom saqmeSi monawile pirebs ar SeuZliaT gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi maT Sesaxeb. samarTalwarmoeba mimdinareobs SejibrebiTobis safuZvelze da aqedan gamomdinare, mxareebs ufleba aqvT uaryon an gaaqarwylon meore mxaris mier wamoyenebuli moTxovnebi, mosazrebebi Tu mtkicebulebebi (ssk me-4 muxli). saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebis sarwmunoobisa Tu arasarwmunoobis, maTi utyuarobisa Tu siyalbis Sesaxeb mosazrebebi SeiZleba gamoTqvan aramarto mxareebma, aramed mesame pirebmac damoukidebeli moTxovniT an aseTi moTxovnis gareSe, agreTve, warmomadgenlebma, specialistebma da eqspertebma, Tu isini monawileoben procesSi. saqmeSi monawile pirTa mosazrebebi, mniSvnelovania sasamarTlosaTvis, romelic sabolood afasebs warmodgenil mtkicebulebebs. _ mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebas sasamarTlo axdens ori TvalsazrisiT: _ maTi sarwmunoobisa Tu arasarwmunoobis TvalsazrisiT da imisda mixedviT Tu saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone romel faqts adasturebs es mtkicebuleba. mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba mosamarTlis Sinagani rwmeniT ar niSnavs sruliad uangariSgebo daskvne208 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari bis gakeTebis uflebas. sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi unda miuTiTos mosazrebaze, ris gamoc man zogierTi mtkicebuleba cno utyuarad, xolo sxvebi _ arasarwmunod (ssk 249-e muxlis me-4 nawili). sakasacio sasamarTlo, rogorc wesi, yovelTvis auqmebs gadawyvetilebas, Tu masSi ar aris miTiTebuli ra mosazrebiT xelmZRvanelobda sasamarTlo, roca saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebuleba Seafasa ase da ara sxvanairad.18 muxli 106. faqtebi, romlebic ar saWiroeben mtkicebas mxareebi Tavisufldebian mtkicebulebaTa warmodgenisagan iseTi faqtebis dasadastureblad, romlebsac Tumca emyareba maTi moTxovnebi, Tu Sesagebeli, magram damtkicebas ar saWiroeben. esenia: a) faqtebi, romlebsac sasamarTlo sayovelTaod cnobilad miiCnevs; b) faqtebi, romlebic dadgenilia erT samoqalaqo saqmeze sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT, Tu sxva samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilvisas igive mxareebi monawileoben; g) faqtebi imis Sesaxeb, hqonda Tu ara moqmedebas adgili da Caidina Tu ara es moqmedeba am pirma, rac dadgenilia sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze gamotanili, kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlos ganaCeniT, roca saqmes ixilavs sasamarTlo im piris moqmedebis samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi Sedegebis Sesaxeb, vis mimarTac gamotanilia ganaCeni. 18 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2002, #8, gv.358, agreTve, gv.365 209 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 1. mtkicebis saganSi Semavali yoveli faqti, e. i. faqtebi, romlebic asabuTeben mosarCelis moTxovnas da mopasuxis Sesagebels, unda damtkicdes, dadasturdes. gamonakliss am mxriv warmoadgens zogierTi faqti, romelic Tumca Sedis mtkicebis saganSi, radgan asabuTebs, amarTlebs faqtobrivad mosarCelis moTxovnas an mopasuxis Sesagebels, magram garkveuli mosazrebebis gamo ar saWiroebs damtkicebas da amitom, mxareebi Tavisufldebian mtkicebulebaTa wardgenisagan. aseTi faqtebis wres ganekuTvneba: a) sayovelTaod cnobili faqtebi. ar aris aucilebeli, rom faqtis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb mTelma kacobriobam icodes. faqti SeiZleba cnobili iyos mTeli qveynis, qalaqis an raionis masStabiT, magaliTad, miwisZvra, wyaldidoba, omi da a. S. mTavaria, rom faqtis Sesaxeb icodes aramarto saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom, aramed adamianTa farTo wremac, raTa zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlos SeeZlos faqtis sayovelTaod cnobilad aRiarebis sisworis Semowmeba. faqti SeiZleba sayovelTaod cnobilad da maSasadame, dadgenilad CaTvalos zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlomac, romelic ganixilavs saCivars qvemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaze, romelic emyareba sayovelTaod cnobil faqts. b) preiudiciulad dadgenili faqtebi iseTi faqtebia, romlebic dadgenilia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT, oRond erTi aucilebeli pirobiT _ sxva samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvaSi igive pirebi, e. i. igive mosarCele, igive mopasuxe, an igive mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovniT monawileobs. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu erT-erTi mxare mainc sxva piria, gadawyvetilebas ar SeiZleba hqondes preiudiciuli Zala da am gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili faqtebi ver daedeba safuZvlad sxva saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebas. es imas niSnavs, rom, aseT SemTxvevaSi, igive faqtebi, rac dadgenilia sxva saqmeze adre gamota- 210 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari nili gadawyvetilebiT, xelmeored unda dadgindes da dadasturdes. gadawyvetilebis preiudiciuli Zalis Sesaxeb pirdapiraa miTiTebuli ssk 246-e da 266-e muxlebSi. sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis auqmebs gadawyvetilebas, Tu sasamarTlom ssk 106-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqtis moTxovnaTa sawinaaRmdegod damtkicebulad ar CaTvala faqtebi, romlebic kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiTaa dadgenili sxva saqmeze, romelSic igive mxareebi monawileobdnen.19 g) damtkicebas ar saWiroebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze gamotanili ganaCeniT dadgenili Semdegi faqtebi: 1. hqonda Tu ara moqmedebas adgili, magaliTad, xanZars da 2. Caidina Tu ara es moqmedeba im pirma, romlis mimarT aRZrulia samoqalaqo saqme (magaliTad, xanZriT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb) da vis mimarTac gamotanili iyo ganaCeni. faqtebs, romlebic dadgenilia ara ganaCeniT, aramed sagamoZiebo organoebis Tu administraciuli aqtebiT, ara aqvT preiudiciuli Zala da isini samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvis dros dadgenili unda iqnes saerTo wesiT. muxli 107. sasamarTlo davalebani 1. Tu mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT sasamarTlos mier gamosaTxovi an Sesamowmebeli mtkicebulebebi sxva qalaqSi an raionSia da maTi warmodgena Tu Semowmeba saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTloSi SeuZlebeli an Znelia, sasamarTlos SeuZlia dasabuTebuli ganCinebiT mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba (Semowmeba) daavalos im sasamarTlos, romlisTvisac teritoriulad es ufro mosaxerxebelia. 19 ix.susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003,#10,gv.1718 211 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 2. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebaSi mokled unda Camoyalibdes gansaxilveli saqmis Sinaarsi, dasadgeni garemoeba da mtkicebulebani, romlebic unda Seagrovos (Seamowmos) davalebis Semsrulebelma sasamarTlom, agreTve davalebis Sesrulebis vada. 3. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis Sesruleba savaldebuloa da igi unda Sesruldes daniSnul vadaSi. 1. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb ganCineba SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes mxolod ori pirobis erTdroulad arsebobisas: a) mtkicebuleba, romlis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobs mxare, sxva qalaqSi an raionSia da b) misi warmodgena (gadmogzavna) Znelia an SeuZlebelia. sasamarTlo davalebiT SeiZleba moxdes: a) mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlosaTvis maTi Semdgomi gadmogzavnis mizniT (magaliTad, mowmis dakiTxva, mxareebisgan an mesame pirebisagan axsna-ganmartebis miReba da a. S.); b) mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba, kerZod, maTi adgilze daTvaliereba. 2. ssk 107-e muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs davalebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebis Sinaarss, magram imisda mixedviT, Tu rogoria davalebis xasiaTi, ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos sxva damatebiTi garemoebebic. magaliTad, Tu mxarisagan misaRebia axsnaganmarteba, sasamarTlom Tavis ganCinebaSi unda miuTiTos misi misamarTi, Tu mowmea dasakiTxi, miTiTebuli unda iqnes misi misamarTi, xolo Tu Casatarebelia adgilze daTvaliereba, ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos mxareTa misamarTebi da a. S. amrigad, ganCineba sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb unda Seicavdes yvela im monacems, rac SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes davalebis Sesasruleblad. mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoeba, rom sasamarTlo davalebis dros saproceso moqmedebas asrulebs ara is sasamarTlo, 212 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari romelic ixilavs saqmes, aramed sxva sasamarTlo. sxvagvarad, rom vTqvaT, saproceso moqmedeba, Tu arsebobs amis realuri SesaZlebloba, unda Sesruldes iseve, rogorc mas Seasrulebda saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlo (ssk 108-e muxli). sasamarTlo davalebiT Sesasrulebeli saproceso moqmedeba unda Sesruldes davalebis mimcemi sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi. vada ki unda iyos gonivrulad gansazRvruli _ imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra xasiaTisaa Sesasrulebeli saproceso moqmedeba. 3. marTalia, davalebis Sesruleba savaldebuloa, magram ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sasamarTlo ama Tu im mizezis gamo ver Seasrulebs am davalebas, an Seasrulebs, magram ara im vadaSi, romelic dauniSna mas davalebis mimcemma sasamarTlom. Tu sasamarTlo daniSnul droSi an saerTod ver asrulebs davalebas, amis Sesaxeb man droulad unda acnobos davalebis mimcem sasamarTlos, romelic an sxva sasamarTlos daavalebs saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas, an TviTon Seasrulebs mas. muxli 108. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesrulebis wesi 1. sasamarTlo davalebas mosamarTle asrulebs erTpirovnulad. 2. davalebis Sesrulebis dros Sekrebili yvela masala dauyovnebliv unda gaegzavnos saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos. Tu sasamarTlo davalebiT unda moxdes adgilze daTvaliereba, davalebis Semsrulebeli mosamarTle acnobebs mxareebs adgilze daTvalierebis drosa da adgils, magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs daTvalierebis Catarebas. 3. Tu mxareebi an mowmeebi, romlebmac axsna-ganmartebebi an Cvenebebi misces da213 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali valebis Semsrulebel mosamarTles, gamocxaddebian saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTloSi, isini axsna-ganmartebebsa da Cvenebebs miscemen saerTo wesiT. 1. ssk 108-e muxliT gansazRvrulia sasamarTlo davalebis Sesrulebis wesi. mxolod adgilze daTvalierebis dros evaleba davalebis Semsrulebel mosamarTles acnobos amis Sesaxeb mxareebs. sxva saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros, magaliTad, mowmis dakiTxvisas, ssk 108-e muxli ar iTvaliswinebs mxareTa Setyobinebas. miuxedavad amisa, sasurvelia, rom davalebis Semsrulebelma sasamarTlom yvela saproceso moqmedeba Seasrulos saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT, ra Tqma unda, Tu amis realuri SesaZlebloba arsebobs. davalebis Semsrulebelma sasamarTlom mxareebis, mowmeebis, mesame pirebis, specialistebis Tu eqspertebis gamoZaxeba unda awarmoos sasamarTlo uwyebiT, ssk 70-78-e muxlebis Sesabamisad. 2. davalebis mimcemma, anu saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb kanoniT dadgenili wesiT unda acnobos im pirebsac, romlebmac ukve misces Cveneba Tu axsna-ganmarteba davalebis Semsrulebel sasamarTlos. amis aucilebloba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom maT SeuZliaT axsna-ganmarteba da Cveneba miscen ganmeorebiT da saerTo wesis dacviT. 3. sasamarTlo davalebis micema sazRvargareTis qveynebis sasamarTloebisaTvis wesrigdeba `saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 62-64-e muxlebiT. 214 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari T a v i XIV mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa muxli 109. Suamdgomloba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb 1. im pirs, romelsac safuZveli aqvs ifiqros, rom misTvis saWiro mtkicebulebaTa wardgena SemdgomSi SeuZlebeli an Zneli gaxdeba, SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos am mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa. 2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa dasaSvebia sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramdec. 1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda ganvasxvavoT sarCelis uzrunvelyofisagan. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis mizania momavali gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa (ssk 191-e muxli), mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizani ki saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis dadgenis uzrunvelyofaa. _ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis aucilebloba SeiZleba sxvadasxva mizezebiT iyos ganpirobebuli (mag. mowmis xangrZlivi vadiT wasvla mivlinebaSi an samuSaod sxva qveyanaSi), romlebic miTiTebuli unda iyos dainteresebuli mxaris gancxadebaSi (ssk 112-e muxlis `g~ qvepunqti). _ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa gansxvavdeba sasamarTlo davalebisagan. sasamarTlo davalebiT xdeba mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Semowmeba im SemTxvevaSi, roca maTi wardgena da Semowmeba saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTloSi Znelia an SeuZlebelia (ssk 107e muxli). sasamarTlo davalebis wesiT SeiZleba moxdes mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofac. 215 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali _ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. saqmis mTavar sxdomaze arsebiTad ganxilvis dros sasamarTlo isedac valdebulia Seamowmos da Seafasos mtkicebulebebi, Tumca ar aris gamoricxuli mTavar sxdomazec daisvas es sakiTxi (ssk 111-e muxli), rac sasamarTlom unda ganixilos da gadawyvitos ssk 215-e muxlis moTxovnaTa dacviT (ix. am muxlis komentari). 2. Tu mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde, maSin dainteresebul pirs SeuZlia gancxadebiT mimarTos im sasamarTlos, romlis teritoriazec unda Sesruldes saproceso moqmedeba uzrunvelyofis mizniT, anu im sasamarTlos, romlis teritoriazec imyofeba uzrunvelsayofi mtkicebuleba (ssk 110-e muxli). muxli 110. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofas sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde axdens im raionis (qalaqis) mosamarTle an magistrati mosamarTle, romlis teritoriazedac unda Sesruldes saproceso moqmedeba uzrunvelyofis mizniT (mowmis dakiTxva, nivTier mtkicebulebaTa daTaliereba da a.S.) Tu sarCeli aRZrulia sasamarTloSi, maSin dainteresebulma pirma mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb SuamdgomlobiT unda mimarTos saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos, romelic TviTon Seasrulebs Sesabamis saproceso moqmedebas, an kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi da wesiT daavalebs sxva sasamarTlos Seasrulos aseTi moqmedeba (ssk 107-e muxli). magram, Tu mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde, maSin dainte216 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari resebul pirs SeuZlia mimarTos im raionis (qalaqis)sasamarTlos an am raionis (qalaqis) magistrat mosamarTles, romlis samoqmedo teritoriazec unda moxdes saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba (mag. mowmis dakiTxva, adgilze daTvaliereba da a. S.). sarCelis aRZvris Semdeg mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sekrebili masalebi gadaegzavneba saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos (ssk 116-e muxli). gadagzavna SeiZleba moxdes rogorc mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiTac. muxli 111. gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb 1. gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos waredgineba werilobiTi formiT. aseTi gancxadebis zepiri formiT wardgena dasaSvebia sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros. 2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb zepiri gancxadebiT aRZruli Suamdgomloba Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi. 1. Tu dainteresebuli piri Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Taobaze jer kidev sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde, cxadia, rom man unda mimarTos sasamarTlos werilobiTi gancxadebiT. man werilobiTi gancxadebiT unda mimarTos sasamarTlos maSinac, rodesac uzrunvelyofis Taobaze sakiTxi aRiZvris saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. _ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebiT mxarem unda mimarTos sasamarTlos saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dros sasamarTlo isedac valdebulia Seamowmos mxaris mier wardgenili da sasamarTlos mier Sekrebili 217 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali yvela mtkicebuleba, Tumca ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mTavar sxdomazec daisvas es sakiTxi. 2. sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda iqonion, rom mxareebma mtkicebulebebi unda warudginon sasamarTlos jer kidev saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (ssk 200203-e muxlebi). dagvianebiT wardgenili mtkicebulebebi da aRZruli Suamdgomlobebi sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar miiRos da ar daakmayofilos. aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze mxaris mier zepirad gancxadebuli Suamdgomloba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, marTalia, Seitaneba sxdomis oqmSi, magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar daakmayofilos es Suamdgomloba (ssk 215-e muxli). sasamarTlos mosamzadebel sxdomaze mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebuli zepiri Suamdgomlobac Seitaneba am sxdomis oqmSi. muxli 112. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Sinaarsi mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb rogorc werilobiTi, ise zepiri formiT gancxadebul SuamdgomlobaSi unda aisaxos: a) mtkicebulebani, romelTa uzrunvelyofac aucilebelia; b) garemoebani, romelTa dasadasturebladac saWiroa es mtkicebulebani; g) mizezebi, romlebmac aiZula ganmcxadebeli miemarTa SuamdgomlobiT mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb; d) mowinaaRmdege mxaris gvari, saxeli da misamarTi, Tu gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb Setanilia sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde da ganmcxadebelma 218 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari icis, Tu vin SeiZleba iyos mowinaaRmdege mxare. 1. garda yvela im monacemisa, romelsac unda Seicavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTuli nebismieri gancxadeba (Suamdgomloba), gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, ra formiTac ar unda iyos igi gakeTebuli, motivirebuli unda iyos, raTa sasamarTlos SeeZlos gadawyvitos uzrunvelsayofi mtkicebulebis dasaSvebobisa da gankuTvnadobis sakiTxi (ssk 102-e muxlis me-3 nawili da 104-e muxli). kerZod, ganmcxadebelma unda miuTiTos: ara marto mtkicebulebaze, romlis uzrunvelyofasac igi moiTxovs aramed sad imyofeba an mdebareobs es mtkicebuleba. mtkicebulebaTa gamoTxova saerTod da miT ufro, mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa dasaSvebia mxolod im pirobiT, Tu am mtkicebulebiT SeiZleba dadasturdes saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone raime garemoeba, e. i. garemoeba, romelic asabuTebs mosarCelis moTxovnas an mopasuxis Sesagebels. aqedan gamomdinare, im garemoebaze miTiTeba, romlis dasadastureblad saWiroa uzrunvelyofa, warmoadgens gancxadebis ganxilvis winapirobas. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesasrulebeli RonisZiebebis gasatareblad ar kmara mxolod is, rom mtkicebulebas mniSvneloba aqvs saqmisaTvis. aucilebelia, agreTve, arsebobdes realuri saSiSroeba imisa, rom am mtkicebulebis mogvianebiT wardgena an gamoyeneba Zneli an SeuZlebeli gaxdeba. Tu aseTi saSiSroeba ar arsebobs, sasamarTlom uari unda Tqvas mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaze. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesasrulebeli saproceso moqmedeba unda ganxorcieldes samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT (ssk 113-e muxlis me-2 nawili). zogjer, ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesaxeb sa219 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali samarTlom unda Seatyobinos mxareebs. swored amitomaa, rom gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos mxareebi da maTi misamarTebi, magram Tu uzrunvelyofa sarCelis aRZvramde unda ganxorcieldes, maSin gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos Sesabamisi mxare da misi misamarTi, romlis winaaRmdegac mosarCele apirebs sarCelis aRZvras. _ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT sasamarTlom SeiZleba Seasrulos sxvadasxva moqmedeba, kerZod, dakiTxos mowme, daaTvalieros nivTieri mtkicebuleba, daniSnos eqsperti da sxva. yvela es saproceso moqmedeba unda Sesruldes kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia mowmis dakiTxvisaTvis, adgilze daTvalierebisaTvis, eqspertis daniSvnisaTvis da a. S. (ssk 113-e muxli), garda im gamonaklisebisa, rac gaTvaliswinebulia ssk 116-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari). _ xarjebi, rac aucilebelia mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad, winaswar Seaqvs mxares, romelic amas moiTxovs (ssk 52-e da 118-e muxlebi). _ Tu gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ar pasuxobs am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ssk 185-e muxlis analogiiT misces vada ganmcxadebels xarvezis Sesavsebad. cxadia, rom sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar gamoiyenos kanonis analogia da gamoitanos ganCineba mtkicebulebis uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (ssk 119-e muxli). muxli 113. sasamarTlos ganCineba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb 1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic miuTiTebs misi warmoebis wessa da saSualebebze. 220 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 2. saproceso moqmedeba, rac saWiroa mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad, unda Sesruldes am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT. 1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebaSi konkretulad unda mieTiTos im saproceso moqmedebaze, romelic unda Sesruldes. magaliTad, daikiTxos mowme, miRebuli iqnes axsna-ganmarteba mopasuxisagan, dainiSnos eqspertiza, Catardes daTvaliereba, mowveul iqnes specialisti (ssk 123-e muxli) da a. S. 2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli moqmedeba, magaliTad, mowmis dakiTxva, eqspertizis daniSvna, werilobiTi Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis daTvaliereba unda Sesruldes ise, rogorc amas iTvaliswinebs ssk-is Sesabamisi muxlebi gamonaklisebis garda, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 114-e 116-e muxlebiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari). muxli 114. specialistis monawileoba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis dros mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiwvios specialisti 204-e muxliT dadgenili wesiTa da safuZvlebiT. _ imisda mixedviT, Tu konkretulad romeli saproceso moqmedeba unda Sesruldes, sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiwvios specialisti. _ specialisti ver Secvlis sasamarTlos (mosamarTles). igi damoukideblad araviTar saproceso moqmedebas ar asrulebs. mas SeuZlia mxolod monawileoba miiRos mosamarTlis mier Catarebul saproceso moqmedebaSi _ misces mas konsultaciebi Tavisi specialu221 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ri codnis Sesabamisad da aRmouCinos mas daxmareba saproceso moqmedebis srulyofilad CatarebaSi (ix. ssk 204-e muxlis komentari). muxli 115. mxareTa monawileoba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaSi 1. mxareebs ecnobebaT mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis dro da adgili, magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesabamisi saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas. 2. gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa SesaZlebelia mxareTaTvis Seutyobinebladac. 1. damoukideblad imisa, Tu romeli konkretuli saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebiT xdeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa (ssk 113-e muxli), mxareebs unda ecnoboT aseTi moqmedebis Sesrulebis dro da adgili. Setyobineba unda moxdes uwyebiT, romelic mxareebs egzavnebaT ssk 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT da masSi unda aRiniSnos saproceso moqmedebis xasiaTi da mizani. 2. mxareTaTvis Setyobinebis valdebuleba aRar arsebobs, Tu mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa gadaudebelia, ris Sesaxebac miTiTebuli unda iyos mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebaSi. _ gadaudebeli SeiZleba iyos iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac uzrunvelyofas moiTxovs malfuWebadi nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, mowmis mZime daavadebiT gamowveuli krizisuli mdgomareoba da sxva. 222 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 116. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis wesiT Sekrebili masalebis sasamarTloSi gadagzavna 1. oqmebi da mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis wesiT Sekrebili yvela masala gaegzavneba saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos. 2. Tu mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa moxda sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde, uzrunvelyofis dros Sedgenili oqmi da sxva masalebi Seinaxeba sasamarTloSi, romlebic Semdgom, mxareTa TxovniT an TviT sasamarTlos iniciativiT, gadaegzavneba im sasamarTlos, romelic ganixilavs saqmes. 1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesrulebuli saproceso moqmedebis xasiaTi da Sinaarsi, agreTve, miRebuli Sedegebi unda aisaxos Sesabamis oqmSi. uzrunvelyofis dros SeiZleba Sedges naxazebi, moxdes fotografireba, amoRebul iqnes nimuSebi da a. S. yvela es masala da maT Soris oqmi, unda gadaeces saqmis ganmxilvel mosamarTles (sasamarTlos). aseTi gadacema (gadagzavna) SeiZleba moxdes mxaris SuamdgomlobiT an TviT mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos) iniciativiT. 2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa SeiZleba moxdes sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde (ssk 109-e muxlis me-2 nawili). saqmis aRZvramde mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofas axdens is sasamarTlo, romlis teritoriazec imyofeba (mdebareobs) uzrunvelsayofi werilobiTi Tu nivTieri mtkicebuleba. am dros Sedgenili oqmebi da sxva masalebi dainteresebul mxares ki ar unda gadaeces, aramed Senaxuli unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romelmac uzrunvelyofa moaxdina. _ sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras sxva sasamarTloSi gansjadobis wesebis dacviT. aseT SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlom, romelmac uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi gaatara 223 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali da romelTanac inaxeba Sesabamisi oqmebi da sxva masalebi, unda gadaugzavnos (gadasces) isini saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos. aseTi gadagzavna SeiZleba moxdes dainteresebuli mxaris SuamdgomlobiT, agreTve. TviT saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos iniciativiT. muxli 117. mtkicebulebaTa ganmeorebiTi an damatebiTi uzrunvelyofa 1. mxareebs, imisgan damoukideblad, monawileobdnen Tu ara isini mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaSi, ufleba aqvT gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi da miuTiTon im xarvezebze, romlebsac, maTi azriT, adgili hqonda uzrunvelyofis dros. 2. saqmis ganxilvis dros sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi an ganmeorebiTi uzrunvelyofa. 1. mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs ufleba aqvT procesis nebismier stadiaze gaecnon mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sekrebil masalebs da gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi am masalebisa da saerTod, uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesrulebuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesaxeb. 2. mxareTa dasabuTebuli SeniSvnebi im xarvezebis Sesaxeb, romlebic Tan axlda uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sesrulebul saproceso moqmedebas (magaliTad, mowmes ar dausves SekiTxva, romlis garkvevasac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs saqmisaTvis) SeiZleba gaxdes mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi uzrunvelyofis safuZveli. _ sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi an ganmeorebiTi uzrunvelyofa Tavisi iniciativiTac. _ mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi an ganmeorebiTi uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCine224 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos Tu ra sakiTxebia damatebiT gasarkvevi, an ra mizeziTaa ganpirobebuli mtkicebulebaTa ganmeorebiTi uzrunvelyofa. _ am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba. muxli 118. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad gaweuli xarjebis anazRaurebis wesi mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad gaweul xarjebs gadaixdis piri, romelmac iSuamdgomla sasamarTlos winaSe aseTi uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. mowinaaRmdege mxares ufleba aqvs moiTxovos mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaSi monawileobisaTvis mis mier gaweuli xarjebis anazRaureba. sabolood am xarjebis ganawileba moxdeba sasamarTlos mier saqmis arsebiTad gadawyvetisas. 1. rogorc wesi, mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa dakavSirebulia garkveul xarjebTan. xarjebis odenoba SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva imisda mixedviT, Tu ra xasiaTis saproceso moqmedebaa Sesasrulebeli. aq igulisxmeba mgzavrobis xarjebi, fotogadaRebebisa da naxazebis Sedgenis xarjebi, specialistisaTvis misacemi Tanxebi da sxva. mowinaaRmdege mxares aunazRaurdeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaSi monawileobasTan dakavSirebiT gaweuli xarjebi, Tu igi amas moiTxovs. _ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad gaweuli xarjebis odenobas winaswar gansazRvravs sasamarTlo, romelic SeiZleba ar aRmoCndes zusti. sabolood dazustebuli xarjebi ganisazRvreba uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebis Catarebis Semdeg. am xarjebis da, saerTod, sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba mxareTa Soris unda moxdes ssk 53-e muxlis Sesabamisad _ saqmis arsebiTad gadawyvetisas. 225 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 119. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gamotanili ganCinebis gasaCivreba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebis gasaCivreba ar daiSveba. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. mxolod mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, romelic ganxiluli unda iqnes ssk 414-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. 226 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari T a v i XV adgilze daTvaliereba muxli 120. nivTieri da werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis adgilze daTvaliereba sasamarTlos, mxareTa moTxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia daadginos im nivTieri da werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis adgilze daTvaliereba da gamokvleva, romelTa wardgenac sasamarTloSi ama Tu im mizezis gamo SeuZlebelia. _ SeiZleba moxdes mxolod nivTieri an werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis adgilze daTvaliereba da mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca maTi sasamarTloSi wardgena Znelia an SeuZlebeli (ssk 138-e da 159-e muxlebi). sasamarTloSi mtkicebulebaTa wardgenis SeuZlebloba an siZnele SeiZleba sxvadasxva mizezebiT iyos ganpirobebuli. magaliTad, Tu aRZrulia sarCeli naTesebis dazianebiT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb. cxadia, rom sasamarTloSi miwis nakveTis wardgena, romelzec ganlagebulia naTesebi, SeuZlebelia. an kidev, Tu dasadgenia didi odenobiT tvirTis dazianebis faqti, romlis sasamarTloSi wardgena Znelia da dakavSirebulia did xarjebTan. igive SeiZleba iTqvas werilobiT mtkicebulebebzec, Tu maTi raodenoba Zalian didia, maTi sasamarTloSi wardgena gamoiwvevs sawarmos muSaobis CaSlas, magaliTad, rodesac Sesamowmebelia sabuRaltro wignebi da a. S. _ adgilze daTvaliereba SeiZleba moxdes rogorc mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiT. _ mxareTa Suamdgomloba (gancxadeba) adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb motivirebuli unda iyos, e. i. masSi 227 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali miTiTebuli unda iyos Tu ra mizezebiTaa ganpirobebuli adgilze daTvalierebis aucilebloba. _ saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebisa da am saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, adgilze daTvaliereba unda moxdes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (ssk 203-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `e~ qvepunqti). mxareTa mier dagvianebiT aRZruli Suamdgomlobebi adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlom ar unda daakmayofilos, Tu ar arsebobs sapatio mizezi, ris gamoc droulad ar iqna aseTi Suamdgomloba aRZruli (ssk 215-e muxli). _ adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis Tu mis Catarebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba (121-e muxli). muxli 121. sasamarTlos ganCineba adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb 1. adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos daTvalierebisa da gamokvlevis sagani, agreTve daTvalierebis dro da adgili. am ganCinebis gasaCivreba ar daiSveba. 2. mxareebsa da maTs warmomadgenlebs ecnobebaT adgilze daTvalierebis dro da adgili, magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs daTvalierebis Catarebas. 3. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi adgilze daTvalierebaSi monawileobis misaRebad SeiZleba gamoiZaxon mowmeebi. 1. adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb, damoukideblad imisa, mxareTa TxovniT Tu sasamarTlos iniciativiT xdeba es, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romlis Sinaarsi gansazRvrulia am muxlis pirveli nawiliT. _ ganCineba adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb miRe228 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari buli unda iqnes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli saqmis ganxilvis gaWianureba (ssk 203-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `e~ qvepunqti). adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb mxareTa mier dagvianebiT aRZrul Suamdgomlobas sasamarTlo ar daakmayofilebs, Tu ar arsebobs aseTi dagvianebis sapatio mizezi (ssk 215-e muxli). _ adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos mier mTavar sxdomaze gamotanili ganCineba imaze miuTiTebs, rom saqme Tavis droze ar iyo srulyofilad momzadebuli. 2. mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis monawileobas mtkicebulebaTa adgilze daTvalierebaSi udavod aqvs garkveuli mniSvneloba: maT SeuZliaT mosamarTlis yuradReba miaqcion dasaTvalierebeli nivTebis Tu werilobiTi masalebis ama Tu im mxaresa da Tvisebaze. maT monawileobas mniSvneloba aqvs, agreTve adgilze daTvalierebis srulyofilad Catarebis damajereblobisaTvis. amitom, kanoniT dadgenili wesiT Setyobinebis gagzavna saWiroa. daTvaliereba aucilebelia Sedges da igi ar unda gadaidos, Tu aseTi Setyobinebis miuxedavad, mxareebi da maTi warmomadgenlebi ar gamocxaddnen daTvalierebaSi monawileobis misaRebad. 3. mowmeebis gamoZaxeba daTvalierebaSi monawileobis misaRebad SeiZleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maT SeuZliaT raime daxmareba gauwion mosamarTles daTvalierebis srulyofilad CatarebaSi. magaliTad, mowmeebad dasaxelebul pirebs, romlebic eswrebodnen an TviTon uSualod monawileobdnen avtotransportiT gadmogzavnili tvirTis gadmozidvaSi, SeuZliaT mosamarTlis yuradReba miaqcion imas, Tu rogor iyo ganlagebuli es tvirTi da saidan SeiZleboda momxdariyo maTi dazianeba. 4. adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze kerZo saCivari ar daiSveba. adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb 229 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, romelic ganxiluli unda iqnes ssk 414-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. muxli 122. adgilze daTvalierebis Catareba adgilze daTvalierebas awarmoebs saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTle. Tu saqmes sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgenloba ixilavs, adgilze daTvalierebis movaleoba, am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris gadawyvetilebiT, SeiZleba daekisros mis erT-erT wevrs. Tu saqmes sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgenloba ixilavs, adgilze daTvalierebis Catareba SeiZleba daevalos kolegiis erT-erT mosamarTles, am kolegiis Tavmjdomaris davalebiT, romelic mxedvelobaSi iRebs kolegiis mosazrebas. aseTi davaleba SeiZleba momdinareobdes kolegiidanac. sakiTxebi, romlebic SeiZleba gadawydes mosamarTlis (am SemTxvevaSi _ kolegiis Tavmjdomaris) mier erTpirovnulad, SeiZleba gadawydes, agreTve, sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgenlobis mierac. muxli 123. specialistis monawileoba adgilze daTvalierebaSi 1. adgilze daTvalierebaSi monawileobis misaRebad sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiwvios specialisti 204-e muxliT gansazRvruli safuZvlebiTa da wesiT. 2. specialistis mowvevis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romlis gasaCivreba ar daiSveba. 230 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 1. specialisti ar aris eqsperti (ssk 163-e muxli) da igi ar atarebs eqspertizas, ar wers daskvnas, romelsac eqneboda mtkicebulebis mniSvneloba. specialistis ZiriTadi da mTavari funqciaa daxmareba aRmouCinos mosamarTles daTvalierebis srulyofilad CatarebaSi, mosamarTlis yuradReba miapyros ama Tu im garemoebaze, Seadginos naxazebi, moaxdinos fotogadaRebebi da a. S. (ssk 204-e muxli). misi rCevebi da konsultaciebi Seitaneba daTvalierebis oqmSi, romelic gamoyenebuli iqneba saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dros rogorc mtkicebuleba. 2. ganCineba specialistis mowvevis Sesaxeb SeiZleba gamoitanos erTpirovnulad im mosamarTlem, romelic atarebs, an romelsac mindobili aqvs daTvalierebis Catareba. mxareebs ar erTmevaT ufleba iSuamdgomlon specialistis mowvevis Sesaxeb, magram am sakiTxs sabolood wyvets mosamarTle, romelmac TviTon unda gansazRvros sWirdeba specialistis daxmareba Tu ara. _ aqedan gamomdinare, specialistis mowvevis Tu aseT mowvevaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba. _ specialistis mowveva dakavSirebulia garkveul xarjebTan (ssk 45-e muxli), romlebic unda aanazRauros orive mxarem, Tu igi sasamarTlos iniciativiT iyo mowveuli, an im mxarem, visi iniciativiTac iyo specialisti mowveuli (ssk52-e muxli). muxli 124. daTvalierebaSi monawile pirTa ufleba-movaleobebi daTvalierebaSi monawile mxareebs, mowmeebsa da specialistebs ufleba aqvT mosamarTlis yuradReba miaqcion ama Tu im garemoebas, romelsac, maTi azriT, aqvs mniSvneloba daTvalierebis srulyofilad Ca- 231 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali satareblad, saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebaTa dasadgenad. _ daTvalierebaSi monawileoba SeiZleba miiRon mxolod im pirebma, romlebic mowveuli arian sasamarTlos mier kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ssk 70-78-e muxlebi). sasamarTlo uwyebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos daTvalierebis adgili, sadac unda gamocxaddes mowveuli piri da gamocxadebis dro (dRe, Tve, ricxvi da saaTi). _ daTvalierebis dawyebis win sasamarTlom unda ganumartos mowveul pirebs mizani, risTvisac isini arian mowveuli, agreTve, maTi uflebebi. muxli 125. daTvalierebis oqmis Sinaarsi 1. daTvalierebis dros unda Sedges oqmi (daTvalierebis oqmi), romelSic unda aRiniSnos: a) daTvalierebis adgili da obieqtebi; b) daTvalierebaSi monawile mxareebi, mowmeebi, specialistebi; g) daTvalierebaSi monawile pirebis mosazrebebi, maTi SeniSvnebi; d) daTvalierebisa da gamokvlevis Sedegebi. 2. oqms SeiZleba daerTos daTvalierebis dros Sedgenili an Semowmebuli gegmebi, naxazebi, suraTebi da a. S. 1. daTvalierebis oqmi aris mtkicebis saSualeba (mtkicebuleba). amitom, oqmis srulyofilad Sedgenas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces. misi Sinaarsi zustad unda Seesabamebodes ssk 125-e muxlis moTxovnebs. _ daTvalierebis SedegebSi igulisxmeba faqtebi da garemoebebi, romlebsac mniSvneloba aqvs mocemuli 232 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari konkretuli saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis da romlebic dadgenilad (dadasturebulad) CaTvala sasamarTlom adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis safuZvelze. _ daTvalierebis Sedegad dadgenili faqtebi, iseve rogorc nebismieri mtkicebulebiT dadgenili faqtebi, SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas. 2. daTvalierebis dros Sedgenili an Semowmebuli gegmebis, naxazebis, fotosuraTebis da a. S. oqmze darTvas didi mniSvneloba aqvs am oqmiT dadgenili faqtebis utyuarobisa da damajereblobisaTvis. muxli 126. daTvalierebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis dafarva Tu daTvaliereba dakavSirebulia xarjebTan, mxarem, romelic Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe daTvalierebis Sesaxeb, winaswar unda Seitanos Sesabamisi Tanxa. Tu adgilze daTvaliereba sasamarTlos iniciativiT xdeba, es xarjebi orive mxarem unda dafaros. _ mtkicebis tvirTi (movaleoba) ekisrebaT mxareebs. am movaleobis Sesasruleblad maT unda warudginon sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi. mxareTa mier wardgenil mtkicebulebaTa daTvaliereba, Semowmeba da Sefaseba evaleba sasamarTlos. _ aqedan gamomdinare, Tu mxare miuTiTebs mtkicebulebebze, romelTa sasamarTloSi wardgena SeuZlebeli an Znelia, sasamarTlom adgilze unda daaTvalieros da Seamowmos isini. Tu mxare winaswar ver ixdis saamiso xarjebs, sasamarTlom mainc unda daaTvalieros mtkicebulebebi da Semdeg gadawyvitos xarjebis ganawilebis sakiTxi. 233 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XVI mxareTa axsna-ganmarteba muxli 127. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis miReba 1. saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis dadgenis procesi iwyeba mxareTa (mesame pirTa, TanamonawileTa, kanonismier warmomadgenelTa) axsna-ganmartebis miRebiT: mxareebi iZlevian axsna-ganmartebebs maTTvis cnobili da saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebaTa Sesaxeb. 2. sasamarTlos nebarTviT TiToeul mxares SeuZlia SekiTxva misces mowinaaRmdege mxares da mis warmomadgenels. Tu SekiTxva uadgiloa an Seuferebelia da ar emsaxureba saqmis garemoebebis gamokvlevasa da dadgenas, sasamarTlos, mxaris TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia moxsnas aseTi SekiTxva. SekiTxvis CaTvla Seusabamod an uadgilod da misi moxsna SeuZlia mosamarTles erTpirovnulad, xolo roca saqmes kolegiuri sasamarTlo ixilavs, maSin _ sxdomis Tavmjdomares. 1. mxare _ es aris piri, romelic sadavo samarTlebrivi urTierTobis uSualo monawilea. amitom, man yvelaze kargad unda icodes im garemoebaTa Sesaxeb, romlebsac mniSvneloba aqvT saqmisaTvis. am mosazrebiT xelmZRvanelobs kanonmdebeli, rodesac mxareTa axsna-ganmartebas Tvlis mtkicebis erT-erT damoukidebel da mniSvnelovan wyarod (ssk 102-e muxlis me _ 2 nawili). _ erTmaneTisagan unda gavmijnoT mxareTa axsnaganmartebis is nawili, romelic moTxovnis Camoyalibebas, dazustebas, Tu dakonkretebas emsaxureba da 234 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari axsna-ganmartebis is nawili, romelic saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebs Seexeba. mtkicebulebas warmoadgens mxaris axsna-ganmartebis mxolod is nawili, romelic saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis arseboba _ ararsebobas adasturebs. imisda miuxedavad, Tu ra formiTaa warmodgenili mxareTa axsna-ganmarteba _ werilobiTi Tu zepiri formiT, mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs axsna-ganmartebis mxolod im nawils, romelic Seicavs miTiTebebs faqtebis Sesaxeb. _ mxare aris dainteresebuli piri da misi Cveneba faqtebis Sesaxeb am interesiT iqneba ganpirobebuli. aseTi viTareba sasamarTlos avalebs gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT Seafasos mxaris axsna _ ganmarteba. mxaris yoveli ganmarteba faqtebis Sesaxeb, romelic gakeTebulia mis sasargeblod, magaliTad, mopasuxis ganmarteba imis Sesaxeb, rom man Seasrula valdebuleba mosarCelis winaSe, marTalia, aris mtkicebuleba, magram igi arasakmarisi mtkicebulebaa, romelic moiTxovs dadasturebas sxva mtkicebulebebis meSveobiT. rac Seexeba mxaris axsna _ ganmartebas faqtis Sesaxeb, romelic gakeTebulia mis sazianod da mowinaRmdege mxaris sasargeblod (aRiareba) _ is ukve aris sakmarisi mtkicebuleba da SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas (ssk 131-e muxli). zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, sasamarTloebSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli praqtika, romlis mixedviT, axsna _ ganmartebas saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesaxeb iZleva ara uSualod mxare, romelic eswreba saqmis ganxilvas, aramed misi warmomadgeneli, rac ar Seesabameba kanons. warmomadgenels aqvs farTo saproceso uflebebi, mas SeuZlia gaanalizos saqmis masalebi, gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazrebebi saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebis utyuarobis Sesaxeb, agreTve, imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli kanoni unda iqnes gamoyenebuli da rogori gadawyvetileba unda iqnes gamotanili da a. S. (ssk 98-e muxli). magram, mas ar 235 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali SeuZlia Seasrulos mxaris, rogorc mtkicebulebis wyaros funqcia, iseve rogorc ar SeuZlia Seasrulos mowmis funqcia. ufro metic, igi ar SeiZleba daikiTxos rogorc mowme iseTi garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misTvis cnobili gaxda warmomadgenelis movaleobis SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT (ssk 141-e muxli). 2. mxaris mier axsna _ ganmartebis micemis Semdeg, mas SeiZleba SekiTxvebi misces mowinaaRmdege mxarem. SekiTxvis micema dasaSvebia mxolod sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis an sasamarTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomaris) nebarTviT. amasTan erTad, sasamarTlos evaleba ganuxrelad daicvas SekiTxvebis micemis ssk 127 _ e muxlis meore nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesi, kerZod, ar dauSvas SekiTxvebis micema misi nebarTvis gareSe da moxsnas nebismieri SekiTxva, Tu igi ar emsaxureba saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebis garkvevas. am wesis daucveloba zogjer iwvevs dausrulebel SekiTxvebs, saqmis ganxilvis uzomod gaWianurebas da arcTu iSviaTad, urTierTSeuracxyofas. sasamarTlom unda uxelmZRvanelos sxdomas da misi nebarTvis gareSe ar unda dauSvas SekiTxvebis micema, xolo Tu aseTi SekiTxva mainc misces mxareebma erTmaneTs, sasamarTlom dauyovnebliv unda aRkveTos maTi aseTi moqmedeba. muxli 128. mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebi mosamarTles ufleba aqvs SekiTxvebi misces mxareebs, romlebic xels Seuwyoben saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis srulad da zustad gansazRvras, maTs dasadastureblad mtkicebulebaTa gamovlenas da sasamarTloSi wardgenas, maTi utyuarobis gamorkvevas. 1. ssk 128-e muxli Seicavs sakmaod naTel kriteriumebs imis Taobaze, Tu ra sakiTxebis gasarkvevad unda mieces SekiTxvebi mxareebs. es sakiTxebia: a) mtkice236 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari bis sagnis anu im garemoebebis srulad da zustad gansazRvra, romlebzec mosarCele da mopasuxe amyareben TavianT moTxovnebsa da Sesagebels. marTalia, mxareebi TviTonve gansazRvraven, Tu romeli faqtebi unda daedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebsa da Sesagebels, magram, Tu mxareebi miuTiTeben iseT garemoebebze, romlebic iuridiulad ver amarTleben am moTxovnebs (Sesagebels), sasamarTlom dro ar unda dakargos aseTi garemoebebis dadgenisaTvis. mtkicebis sagani sabolood unda dazustdes da dakonkretdes mxareTa axsna-ganmartebebisa da maTTvis SekiTxvebis micemis meSveobiT; b) yvela im mtkicebulebis gamovlena, romlebic, marTalia ar aris wardgenili sasamarTloSi, magram romlebic SeiZleba gaaCndeT mxareebs, agreTve, wardgenil mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobisa da gankuTvnadobis (mniSvnelobis) sakiTxebis garkveva, aseve is, aris Tu ara mtkicebis saganSi Semavali yvela garemoebis dasadastureblad wardgenili Sesabamisi mtkicebuleba da romeli mxarea valdebuli aseTi mtkicebuleba waradginos; g) ramdenad sarwmuno da utyuaria wardgenili mtkicebulebebi. sasamarTlom mxareTa winaSe SeiZleba dasvas sxva sakiTxebic, romlebsac mniSvneloba aqvT saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis (ssk 218-e muxli). _ saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palata did mniSvnelobas aniWebs sasamarTloebis mier am muxliT miniWebuli uflebis efeqtianad gamoyenebis aucileblobas da auqmebs gadawyvetilebas dausabuTeblobis motiviT, rac gamowveuli iyo imiT, rom sasamarTloebma ar dausves Sesabamisi SekiTxvebi mxareebs, romlebic xels Seuwyobdnen rogorc saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis (mtkicebis sagnis) srulad da zustad gansazRvras, ise Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebis gamovlenas20. 20 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #2, gv.321 237 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 129. pirebi, romlebisganac ar SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebis miReba ar SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebis miReba: a) iseTi pirisagan, romelsac Tavisi fizikuri naklis an fsiqikuri aSlilobis gamo ar SeuZlia sworad aRiqvas faqtebi da misces maT Sesaxeb swori Cveneba; b) sasuliero pirisagan iseTi garemoebaTa Sesaxeb, romlebic mas gaandves aRsarebis dros; g) Tanamdebobis pirisagan iseT garemoebebze, romelTa Sesaxeb saidumloebis dacvac mis samsaxurebriv movaleobaSi Sedis, Tu igi ganTavisuflebuli ar aris aseTi saidumloebis dacvisagan. a) sasamarTlo mtkicebulebebs afasebs Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT, maTi utyuarobisa da sarwmunoobis TvalsazrisiT. amitom, drois unayofod xarjva iqneboda mxarisagan axsna-ganmartebis miReba iseTi faqtis Sesaxeb, romelsac mniSvneloba aqvs saqmisaTvis, magram romlis swored aRqma da swori Cvenebis micema mas ar SeuZlia. magaliTad, Tu mxare aris brma, mas ar SeeZlo swored aReqva iseTi faqti, romlis aRqma mxolod mxedvelobiT SeiZleboda. aseve, Tu mxare aris yrumunji, ar SeiZleba misgan miviRoT Cveneba iseTi faqtis Sesaxeb, romlis aRqma smenas moiTxovs da a. S. b) mxaris mier aRsarebis dros ama Tu im faqtis gandoba da misi monanieba dakargavda yovelgvar azrs, Tu SesaZlebeli da dasaSvebi iqneboda misi gaxmaureba. amitom, sasuliero pirisagan ar SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebis miReba iseTi faqtebis Sesaxeb, romlebic mas gaandves aRsarebis dros, Tu es piri gvevlineba mxared. igi ar SeiZleba aseTi faqtebis Sesaxeb mowmedac daikiTxos (ssk 141-e muxli). sxva mxriv, am mimarTebiT araviTari SezRudva ar arsebobs da sasuliero pirisagan, 238 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari iseve rogorc nebismieri sxva pirisagan, SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebis miReba, roca igi mxared gvevlineba saqmeSi. saidumloebis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT, pirvel rigSi, gasaTvaliswinebelia moTxovnebi, romlebsac Seicavs saqarTvelos kanoni `saxelmwifo saidumloebis Sesaxeb~, romelic aregulirebs informaciis saxelmwifo saidumloebad miCnevasTan, mis gasaidumloebasa da dacvasTan dakavSirebul samarTlebriv urTierTobebs Tavdacvis, ekonomikis, sagareo urTierTobebis, dazvervis, saxelmwifo uSiSroebisa da marTlwesrigis dacvis sferoebSi. es kanoni gansazRvravs, Tu ra xasiaTis informacia ganekuTvneba saxelmwifo saidumloebas da ra xasiaTis informacia ar miiCneva saxelmwifo saidumloebad (am kanonis me-7 da me-8 muxlebi). saidumloebis dacvis valdebulebebs Seicavs sxva kanonebic. magaliTad, `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-18.2 muxlis Tanaxmad, `sazogadoebis organoebis sxdomaTa Sinaarsi da Sedegebi konfidencialuria, Tu ki es Sedegebi ar eqvemdebareba gamoqveynebas, an Tu sazogadoebis wesdeba sxva rames ar iTvaliswinebs~. `notariatis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-9 muxlis 1 punqtis Tanaxmad, `notariusi movalea saidumlod Seinaxos cnobebi, romelic misTvis cnobili gaxda samsaxurebriv saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT. es movaleoba ZalaSi rCeba notariusis samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis Semdegac~. saidumloebis dacvis valdebuleba SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebuli iyos sxva kanonebiTac. muxli 130. axsna-ganmartebis miReba erT-erTi mxaris gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo sxdomaze erT-erTi mxaris gamoucxadebloba an gamocxadebuli mxa239 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ris uari, misces sasamarTlos axsna-ganmarteba, ver daabrkolebs meore mxarisgan aseTi axsna-ganmartebis miRebis SesaZleblobas. _ mxare ar aris valdebuli sasamarTlos misces axsna-ganmarteba. mas SeuZlia saerTod ar gamocxaddes sasamarTlo sxdomaze, an gamocxaddes, magram uari ganacxados rogorc axsna-ganmartebis micemaze, ise saerTod, saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobaze (ssk 232-e muxli). erT-erTi mxaris aseTi umoqmedeba araviTar gavlenas ar axdens meore mxaris saproceso uflebebze, romelsac sruli ufleba aqvs sasamarTlos aseT pirobebSic misces axsna-ganmarteba da Seasrulos nebismieri saproceso moqmedeba _ aRZras sasamarTlos winaSe sxvadasxva xasiaTis Suamdgomlobebi, maT Soris, dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Sesaxeb im mxaris winaaRmdeg, romelic ar gamocxadda, an gamocxadda, magram monawileobas ar iRebs saqmis ganxilvaSi (ssk 232-e muxli). muxli 131. aRiareba erTi mxaris mier iseTi garemoebis arsebobis an ararsebobis dadastureba (aRiareba), romelzedac meore mxare amyarebs Tavis moTxovnebsa Tu Sesagebels, sasamarTlom SeiZleba sakmaris mtkicebulebad CaTvalos da safuZvlad daudos sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas. 1. faqtis aRiareba _ es aris mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis erT-erTi saxesxvaoba _ mtkicebuleba, romelsac zogjer mtkicebulebaTa mefesac ki uwodeben. aRiarebis, rogorc mtkicebulebis Tavisebureba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom am mtkicebulebiT xdeba iseTi faqtis dadastureba, romelzec meore (mowinaaRmdege) 240 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari mxare amyarebs Tavis moTxovnas an Sesagebels. maSasadame, faqts, romelic unda daedasturebina erT mxares, adasturebs misi mowinaaRmdege mxare. swored amitom, aRiareba, rogorc mtkicebuleba, iTvleba utyuar mtkicebulebad, radgan igi gakeTebulia mowinaaRmdege mxaris sasargeblod da amRiareblis interesebis sawinaaRmdegod. _ `rac Seexeba valis odenobis sakiTxs _ naTqvamia sakasacio sasamarTlos erT-erT ganCinebaSi _ m.z-ianis mier 7000 amerikuli dolaris sesxebis faqts, aRniSnuli dadasturebulia mis mier micemuli axsna-ganmartebiT. ssk 131-e muxlis Tanaxmad ki, erTi mxaris mier iseTi garemoebis arsebobis an ararsebobis dadastureba (aRiareba), romelzedac meore mxare amyarebs Tavis moTxovnas da Sesagebels, sasamarTlom SeiZleba sakmao mtkicebulebad CaTvalos da safuZvlad daudos gadawyvetilebas~.21 _ faqtis aRiareba unda ganvasxvavoT sarCelis aRiarebisagan (me 3-e da 208-e muxlebi). sarCelis aRiareba _ es aris mxaris mier Tavisi uflebis gankargvis aqti. sarCelis aRiarebis dros, amRiarebeli mxare cnobs sasarCelo moTxovnis marTlzomierebas da aseT SemTxvevaSi mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba, Semowmeba da Sefaseba aRar aris saWiro. mopasuxe acxadebs, rom cnobs sarCels da valdebulia daakmayofilos mosarCelis moTxovnebi. faqtis aRiarebis dros ki mxare cnobs mxolod romelime faqtobriv garemoebas, magram ara sarCels. magaliTad, mopasuxem cno, rom man marTlac aiRo sesxi mosarCelisagan, magram daabruna vali, an Seasrula mosarCelis sasargeblod samuSao, romlis Rirebuleba unda CaiTvalos valSi da a.S. 21 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2000, #3, gv.100 241 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 132. mxareTa aRiarebis forma saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebis arsebobis an ararsebobis aRiareba mxares SeuZlia rogorc zepiri, ise werilobiTi formiT, saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis an am saqmis sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganxilvis dros. Tu aRiareba warmodgenilia werilobiTi formiT, igi daerTvis saqmes. zepirad gakeTebuli aRiareba Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi. _ ssk 132-e muxliT gansazRvrulia aRiarebis, rogorc mtkicebulebis, forma. aseTi aRiareba mxares SeuZlia gaakeTos werilobiTi an zepiri formiT. faqtis aRiarebis Sesaxeb mxarem SeiZleba werilobiT Camoayalibos Tavis SesagebelSi (ssk 201-e muxli), an kidev, mopasuxis Sesagebelze mosarCelis werilobiT pasuxSi (ssk 202-e muxli). cxadia, rom mxares aseTi werilobiTi aRiareba SeuZlia gaakeTos calke werilobiT gancxadebaSi. _ zepiri formiT mxaris mier faqtis aRiareba SeiZleba gakeTdes mosamzadebel an mTavar sxdomaze, imave sxdomis oqmSi misi SetaniT. _ faqtis aRiarebis, rogorc mtkicebulebis erTerTi mniSvnelovani saSualebis, wyaro SeiZleba iyos uSualod mxare. amitom, warmomadgenels (advokats) ar SeuZlia faqtis aRiareba. warmomadgenelma SeiZleba gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazreba saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebaTa sarwmunoobisa da utyuarobis Sesaxeb, magram Caenacvlos mxares, rogorc mtkicebis saSualebaTa wyaros _ mas ar SeuZlia. marwmunebels, Tu amis survili da neba aqvs, TviTon SeuZlia cnos, aRiaros saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis esa Tu is garemoeba, im formiT, rac am muxliTaa gansazRvruli. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu mxares ar surs, an ar SeuZlia monawileoba miiRos saqmis 242 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari zepir ganxilvaSi, mas SeuZlia werilobiTi formiT warudginos sasamarTlos Tavisi aRiareba faqtis Sesaxeb. muxli 133. aRiarebis gaqarwyleba mxaris mier 1. mxares SeuZlia sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde gaaqarwylos (uaryos) Tavisi aRiareba, Tu daamtkicebs, rom es aRiareba iyo Secdomis Sedegi da ganpirobebuli iyo iseTi garemoebiT, romelic cnobili gaxda misTvis aRiarebis Semdeg, anda masze fsiqikuri Tu fizikuri zemoqmedebiT, romelic gamoricxavda mis Tavisufal nebas. 2. aRiarebis uaryofa sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi. 1. mxares, romelmac aRiara saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone esa Tu is faqti (garemoeba), ufleba aqvs Semdgom gaaqarwylos (uaryos) es aRiareba oRond kanoni gansazRvravs amisaTvis aucilebel pirobebs. es pirobebia: a) aRiarebis gaqarwyleba gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde. gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg sasamarTlo, bunebrivia, veRarc ganixilavs aRiarebis gaqarwylebis sakiTxs da veRarc Secvlis Tavis gadawyvetilebas. es imas ar niSnavs, rom saapelacio sasamarTloSi aRar SeiZleba aRiarebis gaqarwylebis sakiTxi daisvas. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos es sakiTxi, Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde iqneba dayenebuli mxaris mier 380e muxlis moTxovnaTa dacviT. b) mxarem, romelic moiTxovs mis mier gakeTebuli aRiarebis gaqarwylebas, unda daamtkicos (damtkicebis tvirTi) Semdegi faqtebi: 1) aRiareba iyo Secdomis Sedegi; magaliTad, gamnaTxovrebelma aRZra sarCeli mopasuxis mimarT naTxovari nivTis ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb. mopasuxem 243 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali (monaTxovrem) aRiara, rom man marTla inaTxovra sadavo nivTi, magram uvadod da amitom araa valdebuli daubrunos igi mosarCeles. Semdeg mopasuxem ganacxada, rom faqtis aseTi aRiareba iyo Secdoma, radgan man nivTi saCuqrad momca da ara naTxovrobiT. Secdoma gamowveuli iyo misi iuridiuli gaunaTleblobiT; 2) mas daemuqra mowinaaRmdege mxare samsaxuridan daTxovniT an mis Sesaxeb iseTi cnobebis gavrcelebiT, romelic laxavs mis pativsa da Rirsebas (fsiqikuri zemoqmedeba); 3) mas scemes da daemuqrnen fizikuri ganadgurebiT (fizikuri zemoqmedeba). amrigad, faqtis aRiareba unda gamoxatavdes amRiareblis Tavisufal nebas da Tu amRiarebeli daamtkicebs, rom aseTi neba sinamdvileSi gamoricxuli iyo _ aRiareba gaqarwyldeba. 2. sasamarTlo ver Semoifargleba mxolod imaze miTiTebiT, rom mxarem uaryo Tavisi aRiareba. man Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi unda miuTiTos, Tu ratom, am muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebuli romeli garemoebis safuZvelze uaryo mxaris aRiareba. 244 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari T a v i XVII werilobiTi mtkicebuleba muxli 134. werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi da maTi wardgenis wesi 1. werilobiT mtkicebulebebs warmoadgens aqtebi, sabuTebi, saqmiani da piradi xasiaTis werilebi, romlebic Seicavs cnobebs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovan garemoebaTa Sesaxeb. 2. werilobiT mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlos warudgenen mxareebi. Tu mxarem ver SeZlo werilobiTi mtkicebulebaTa miReba im pirisagan, visTanac es mtkicebulebebi imyofeba, mas SeuZlia iSuamdgomlos sasamarTlos winaSe, raTa sasamarTlom gamoiTxovos isini. 3. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Taobaze Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu saqmis ra mniSvnelovani garemoebis dadgena SeiZleba am mtkicebulebiT da ras efuZneba misi varaudi, rom mtkicebuleba mis mier miTiTebuli piris xelTaa. 4. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze uaris Tqma sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos Tavis ganCinebaSi, romelic calke ar gasaCivrdeba. 1. werilobiTia mtkicebuleba, romelic werilobiTi niSnebis gamoyenebiT Seicavs cnobebs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis Sesaxeb. amiT igi gansxvavdeba nivTieri mtkicebulebebisagan, romlebic Tavisi TvisebiT an xarisxiT Seicaven aseT cnobebs (154-e muxli). 245 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali werilobiTi mtkicebuleba sxvadasxva saxisa da sxvadasxva formis SeiZleba iyos, magaliTad: a) saqmiani Tu piradi werilebi, xelwerilebi da ubralo werilobiTi formiT Sedgenili dokumentebi; b) oficialuri formisa da Sinaarsis aqtebi (magaliTad, dabadebis mowmoba, qorwinebis mowmoba da a. S.); g) notarialurad damowmebuli xelSekrulebebi da a.S. 2. damtkicebis tvirTi ekisrebaT mxareebs (102-e muxli). am zogadi principidan gamomdinare, werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi TviTon mxareebma unda warudginos sasamarTlos. mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxarem ver miiRo werilobiTi masalebi fizikuri Tu iuridiuli pirisagan, an ama Tu im saministrosagan, mas SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT (gancxadebiT), rom gamoiTxovos es werilobiTi masalebi. aseT SuamdgomlobebSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom miuxedavad araerTgzis mcdelobisa man ver miiRo es werilobiTi masalebi. _ Suamdgomloba werilobiTi masalebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb unda aRiZras saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, radgan momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, sasamarTlom SeiZleba ar daakmayofilos igi (215-e muxli). 3. 134-e muxlis me-3 nawili warmoadgens 104-e muxliT damkvidrebul mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadobis principis dakonkretebas, romlis Tanaxmad sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos da ar unda gamoiTxovos iseTi mtkicebuleba, romelsac ar aqvs mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis. mtkicebulebas ar SeiZleba hqondes mniSvneloba Tu igi araa mimarTuli saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebis dadasturebisaken. amitom evaleba Suamdgomlobis aRmZvrel pirs miuTiTos, Tu romeli garemoebis dadgena SeiZleba gamosaTxovi werilobiTi mtkicebulebiT. _ werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) organo an piri, romelic valdebulia warmoadginos werilobiTi masalebi; b) am werilobiTi ma246 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari salebis individualuri (ganmasxvavebeli) niSnebi; g) gadmogzavnis vada. es ganCineba SeiZleba xelze mieces dainteresebul mxares, rac daaCqarebda am masalebis gadmogzavnas. werilobiTi masalebi sasamarTlom unda moiTxovos dednis saxiT (135-e muxli). 4. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze uaris Tqmis ganCineba SeiZleba dasabuTdes imiT, rom garemoebas, romlis dadasturebac unda Suamdgomlobis aRmZvrel pirs, ar aqvs raime mniSvneloba saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis, an kidev, Suamdgomloba werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sapatio mizezis gareSe aRZrulia saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg mTavar sxdomaze an uSualod am sxdomis dawyebis win (215-e muxli). muxli 135. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis dednis wardgena werilobiTi mtkicebuleba, rogorc wesi, wardgenil unda iqnes dednis saxiT. Tu wardgenilia sabuTis asli, sasamarTlos, mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT an Tavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia moiTxovos dednis wardgena. piri SeiZleba ganTavisufldes dednis wardgenisagan mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu daamtkicebs, rom aseTi sabuTis wardgena garkveuli mizeziT, romelsac sasamarTlo safuZvlianad miiCnevs, SeuZlebelia. sabuTis aslisaTvis mtkicebulebiTi mniSvnelobis miniWeba damokidebulia sasamarTlos Sexedulebaze. 1. iseT pirobebSi, rodesac teqnikis ganviTarebam miaRwia arnaxul masStabebs da dokumentis gayalbeba TiTqmis araviTar siZneles ar warmoadgens. werilobiTi sabuTebis dednis saxiT warmodgenas sasamarTloSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba unda mieniWos. 247 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali _ imisaTvis, rom mxare dedani sabuTis wardgenis movaleobisagan ganTavisufldes, man unda daamtkicos, rom dedani sabuTi ganadgurda xanZrisagan, raime stiqiuri movlenisagan da sxva. _ yvela SemTxvevaSi, mieniWos Tu ara sabuTis aslebs mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba damokidebulia sasamarTlos mixedulebaze, romelmac am sakiTxis gadawyvetis dros mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos mxareTa mosazrebebi. amrigad, sabuTis aslis mtkicebulebad gamoyeneba ar ikrZaleba, magram rogorc sworad miuTiTa saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didma palatam `sasamarTlos mixeduleba, romlis safuZvelzec sabuTis asls eniWeba mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba, unda iyos dasabuTebuli, xolo mosazrebebi, romlebic safuZvlad udevs sasamarTlos mixedulebas, unda iyos asaxuli gadawyvetilebaSi.22 _ werilobiTi mtkicebulebis aslisaTvis mtkicebulebiTi mniSvnelobis miniWeba jer kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone esa Tu is faqti dadasturebulad (damtkicebulad) CaiTvalos. sasamarTlo afasebs warmodgenil mtkicebulebebs maT erTobliobaSi da Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT. ise rogorc dednis saxiT warmodgenili werilobiTi masalebi, maTi aslebic sasamarTlom SeiZleba uaryos, rogorc arasarwmuno, romlebic ewinaaRmdegeba saqmeSi arsebul sxva mtkicebulebebs. muxli 136. sasamarTlosaTvis werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis wardgenis savaldebulooba 1. gamoTxovil werilobiT mtkicebulebebs moqalaqeebi da iuridiuli pirebi ga- 22 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #9, gv.2338 248 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari daugzavnian sasamarTlos daniSnul vadaSi. Tu maT ar SeuZliaT am vadaSi waradginon es sabuTebi, isini valdebulni arian acnobon sasamarTlos amis Sesaxeb mizezebis miTiTebiT. 2. Seutyobineblobis, agreTve im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac werilobiTi mtkicebulebis wardgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos moTxovna arasapatio mizeziT ar Sesrulda, sasamarTlo moqalaqes an sawarmos, dawesebulebis, organizaciis xelmZRvanels anda Sesabamis Tanamdebobis pirs ajarimebs 50 lariT. 3. dajarimeba ar aTavisuflebs moqalaqes an Sesabamis Tanamdebobis pirs sasamarTlos mier gamoTxovili werilobiTi mtkicebulebis wardgenis movaleobisagan. 4. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis ganmeorebiT warudgenlobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ajarimebs Sesabamis pirebs pirveli jarimis xuTmagi odenobiT. 5. Tu werilobiTi mtkicebulebis wardgenaze arasapatio mizeziT uars ambobs erT-erTi mxare, romelic ar uaryofs, rom mtkicebuleba mis xelTaa, sasamarTlos SeuZlia mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri gaaTavisuflos im faqtis mtkicebis tvirTisagan, romelic am mtkicebulebiT unda daedasturebina da aseTi tvirTi gadaakisros mxares, romelic uars ambobs werilobiTi mtkicebulebis wardgenaze. 1. nebismieri fizikuri Tu iuridiuli piri, nebismieri Tanamdebobis piri, valdebulia gadaugzavnos sasamarTlos mis mier gamoTxovili werilobiTi sabuTebi Tu sxva masalebi amave sasamarTlos mier dadgenil vadaSi. 249 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili iTvaliswinebs sanqcias aRniSnuli movaleobis SeusruleblobisaTvis. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis wardgenis movaleoba ar iTvleba Sesrulebulad da am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sanqcia SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: a) Tu pirma, romlisganac sasamarTlom gamoiTxova mtkicebuleba, ar gadaugzavna daniSnul vadaSi Seatyobina sasamarTlos am vadaSi werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis gadaugzavnelobis mizezebis Sesaxeb; b) Tu Setyobineba marTalia gadaugzavna sasamarTlos, magram sasamarTlom arasapatiod miiCnia aseTi masalebis warudgenloba (mizezebi ris gamoc isini ar iqnen wardgenilni). 3. dajarimeba SeiZleba moqalaqis (fizikuri piris), an im Tanamdebobis piris, visi braliTac ar gadaegzavna sasamarTlos gamoTxovili werilobiTi masalebi, amitom, sasamarTlom Tavisi iniciativiT unda gaarkvios Sesabamisi organizaciis romeli Tanamdebobis pirs miuZRvis brali gamoTxovili masalebis gadaugzavnelobaSi. amis garkvevisaTvis unda gaugzavnos SekiTxva organizaciis xelmZRvanels. Tu am xelmZRvanelisaganac ar movida pasuxi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba uSualod am xelmZRvanelis dajarimebis Sesaxeb. _ ganCineba unda Seicavdes miTiTebas, rom ganmeorebiT werilobiTi masalebis warudgenlobis SemTxvevaSi piri dajarimdeba xuTmagi odenobiT. 4. am muxlis me-5 nawils mxedvelobaSi yavs mxolod mxare _ mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovniT. Tu aseTi piri, sul erTia fizikuri, Tu iuridiuli piria igi, ar uaryofs, rom mtkicebuleba masTan inaxeba, magram uars ambobs arasapatio mizeziT mis wardgenaze sasamarTloSi, sasamarTlos, romelmac gamoiTxova es werilobiTi mtkicebuleba, SeuZlia ivaraudos faqti damtkicebulad werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piris sasargeblod da am varaudis gaqarwyle250 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari bis mizniT mtkicebis tvirTi gadaakisros mxares, romelic uars ambobs mis wardgenaze sasamarTloSi. muxli 137. gancxadeba sabuTis siyalbis Sesaxeb 1. mxares ufleba aqvs saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis stadiaze ganacxados, rom wardgenili sabuTi yalbia. aseTi gancxadeba mas SeuZlia gaakeTos agreTve saqmis sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganxilvis drosac, Tu es sabuTi wardgenil iqna am sasamarTlo sxdomaze, an adre wardgenili sabuTis siyalbe misTvis cnobili gaxda sasamarTlo sxdomaze. 2. mtkicebulebis warmdgen mxares SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebidan sadavo sabuTis amoricxva da saqmis gadawyveta saqmeSi arsebuli sxva mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze. aseTi Txovnis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo Seamowmebs sabuTis namdvilobas, risTvisac SeuZlia daniSnos eqspertiza, moiTxovos damatebiTi mtkicebulebebis warmodgena an gamoiTxovos sxva mtkicebulebebi. 3. Tu sasamarTlo miva im daskvnamde, rom wardgenili sabuTi yalbia, mas mtkicebulebidan gamoricxavs. 4. wardgenil werilobiT mtkicebulebaTa namdvilobis Semowmeba SeiZleba sasamarTlos iniciativiT. 5. Tu dadasturebulia wardgenili sabuTis siyalbe, sasamarTlo gamoitans dasabuTebul ganCinebas da am dokuments misi siyalbis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebiT gadascems sagamoZiebo organoebs. 251 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 1. sabuTis siyalbis Sesaxeb gancxadebis gakeTeba dasaSvebia mxolod saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. mxolod or SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia mxares siyalbis Sesaxeb gancxadeba gaakeTos sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze pirveli, roca werilobiTi sabuTi wardgenili iqna mTavar sxdomaze da, cxadia, amitom gamoricxuli iyo am sabuTis siyalbis Sesaxeb gancxadebis gakeTeba momzadebis stadiaze da meore, roca sabuTis siyalbe misTvis cnobili gaxda swored am sxdomaze, rac man unda daudasturos sasamarTlos. Tu arcerT SemTxvevas ar aqvs adgili, maSin sasamarTlo ar ganixilavs sabuTis siyalbis Sesaxeb gancxadebas, ris Sesaxebac gamoitans ganCinebas, romelzec saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba. 2. sabuTis siyalbis damtkicebis tvirTi ar ekisreba mxares, romelmac gaakeTa gancxadeba aseTi siyalbis Sesaxeb. piriqiT, mxarem, romelmac es sabuTi warmoadgina, mas ekisreba am sabuTis namdvilobis damtkicebis tvirTi. es imas niSnavs, rom werilobiTi sabuTis namdvilobis varaudi (prezumfcia) gaqarwyldeba mowinaaRmdege mxaris ubralo gancxadebiT, rom igi yalbia. _ sabuTis namdvilobis damtkicebis tvirTi moixsneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare moiTxovs mis amoricxvas saqmis masalebidan aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda amoricxos es sabuTi mtkicebulebebidan. mowinaaRmdege mxaris Tanxmoba aseT amoricxvaze saWiro araa. magram, Tu mxare ar moiTxovs amas maSin sabuTis namdvilobis damtkicebis tvirTi ar moixsneba da unda Semowmdes da dadasturdes es namdviloba am muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT. 3. sabuTi unda amoiricxos mtkicebulebidan im SemTxvevaSic, roca misi namdviloba ver dadasturda da sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom igi yalbia. 4. sasamarTlo afasebs saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs uwinares yovlisa im TvalsazrisiT, ramdenad sarwmuno da utyuaria es mtkicebulebebi. ra Tqma un252 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari da, mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi am TvalsazrisiT. magram mtkicebulebaTa saboloo Sefaseba sasamarTlos prerogativaa. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu sasamarTlos eWvi epareba romelime mtkicebulebis namdvilobaSi, mas SeuZlia kanoniT dadgenili wesiT da saSualebebiT, maT Soris eqspertizis saSualebiT, Tavisi iniciativiT Seamowmos mtkicebuleba. 5. me-5 nawili Seicavs kategoriul moTxovnas imis Sesaxeb, rom sadavo sabuTis siyalbis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom gamoitanos motivirebuli ganCineba da dokumenti, misi siyalbis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebiT gadasces sagamoZiebo organoebs. _ sasamarTlos ganCineba aris mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvris safuZveli. am ganCinebas ar aqvs preiudiciuli Zala sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlosaTvis da arc sagamoZiebo organoebisaTvis. es imas niSnavs, rom sagamoZiebo organoebma da sisxlis samarTlis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom SeiZleba sul sxva gadawyvetileba miiRon, vidre samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos ganCinebiTaa gansazRvruli. _ erTmaneTisagan unda gavmijnoT mtkicebulebis saxiT warmodgenili dokumentis siyalbis sakiTxis ganxilva-gadawyveta, rac mimarTulia am dokumentis mtkicebulebiTi mniSvnelobis gaqarwylebisaken da sarCelebi dokumentebis siyalbis dadgenis Sesaxeb, romelTa ganxilvis Sedegad sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ara ganCineba, aramed gadawyvetileba (180-e muxli). 253 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 138. werilobiT mtkicebulebaTa amonaweris wardgena da maTi daTvaliereba Senaxvis adgilze sasamarTloSi sabuTebis wardgenis siZnelisas sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiTxovos saTanado wesiT Semowmebuli amonawerebis wardgena an moaxdinos werilobiT mtkicebulebaTa daTvaliereba da gamokvleva maTi Senaxvis adgilze. 1. damtkicebis tvirTi (movaleoba) ekisreba mxareebs. am movaleobis Sesasruleblad maT unda warudginon mtkicebulebebi sasamarTlos, magram Tu sabuTebis simravlisa da gadatanis TvalsazrisiT es Znelia, sasamarTlo saqmis momzadebis stadiaze SeiZleba dakmayofildes am sabuTebis saTanadod damowmebuli aslebis warmodgeniT. Tu aseTi amonawerebis gakeTeba da damowmeba dakavSirebulia xarjebTan _ es xarjebi unda gaiRos mxareebma, Tu damowmebuli amonawerebis gakeTeba sasamarTlos iniciativiT xdeba. magram, Tu aseTi amonawerebis gakeTeba romelime mxaris iniciativiT xdeba, maSin xarjebi winaswar unda gaiRos am mxarem. _ werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis daTvaliereba da gamokvleva maTi Senaxvis adgilze xdeba 120-126-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. muxli 139. dedani sabuTebis Senaxva da dabruneba saqmeSi arsebuli dedani sabuTebi sasamarTloSi erTad inaxeba. aseTi sabuTebi, maTi warmdgenis TxovniT, SeiZleba daubrundes masve, magram saqmeSi unda darCes 254 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari mosamarTlis mier Semowmebuli dedani sabuTebis aslebi. - am muxlSi laparakia mxolod dedani sabuTebis dabrunebaze, romlebic SeiZleba daubrundes am sabuTebis warmdgens mxolod gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg. - aseTi sabuTebi SeiZleba daubrundes maT warmomdgen pirs gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde an mis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamdec, Tu maTi dabrunebiT ziani ar miadgeba saqmis ganxilvisa da miRebuli gadawyvetilebis zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloebis mier Semowmebis interesebs. _ Tu dedani sabuTebi ubrundeba maT warmdgens, sasamarTlo valdebulia gadaiRos aslebi, daamowmos isini mosamarTlem da Seinaxos sasamarTloSi (daurTos saqmes). dedani sabuTebis dabrunebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba, romelzec kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba. 255 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XVIII mowmeTa Gveneba muxli 140. mowmis gamoZaxeba 1. mowmed SeiZleba iyos yoveli piri, romlisTvisac cnobilia raime garemoeba saqmis Sesaxeb. 2. mowme SeiZleba gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi dainteresebuli mxaris meSveobiT. 3. mxare, romelic Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe ama Tu im piris mowmed daSvebisa da dakiTxvis, agreTve misi sasamarTlos meSveobiT gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb, valdebulia miuTiTos misi saxeli, gvari da sacxovrebeli adgili, agreTve is, Tu saqmisTvis mniSvnelobis mqone ra garemoebis dadastureba SeuZlia mowmes. 4. sasamarTlos SeuZlia uari Tqvas gamoZaxebuli mowmis dakiTxvaze an ar gamoiZaxos igi, Tu cnobs, rom garemoebebs, romelTa dasadasturebladac iZaxeben mowmes, ara aqvT raime mniSvneloba saqmis arsebiTad gadawyvetisaTvis. 1. zogadi principis Tanaxmad mowmed SeiZleba iyos nebismieri piri, romelsac SeuZlia miawodos sasamarTlos cnobebi saqmis garemoebebis Sesaxeb. gamonaklisebs am zogadi wesidan gansazRvravs kanoni, romlis Tanaxmad pirma SeiZleba icodes saqmis garemoebis Sesaxeb, magram miuxedavad amisa ar SeiZleba, gamoZaxebuli da dakiTxuli iqnes mowmis saxiT (141-e muxli). 2. mowme SeiZleba daasaxelos mxarem. sasamarTlos (mosamarTles) ar SeuZlia TviTon daasaxelos mowme, gamouZaxos da dakiTxos igi. 256 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari mowmis dasaxeleba mxares SeuZlia saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (201-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `v~ qvepunqti). _ saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, kerZod sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze an uSualod misi dawyebis win, mowmis dasaxeleba da Suamdgomloba misi gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb dauSvebelia, Tu mxares ar hqonda sapatio mizezi, ris gamoc ver SeZlo misi droulad dasaxeleba (215-e muxli). 3. mowmis dasaxelebis droisaTvis sasamarTlom unda icodes mxareTa sasarCelo moTxovnebisa da Sesageblis faqtobrivi safuZvlebi, aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlom gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaqcios imas, Tu romeli faqtis dadasturebis mizniT Suamdgomlobs mxare mowmis gamoZaxebisa da dakiTxvis Sesaxeb. Tu aRmoCndeba, rom am faqts ara aqvs saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis raime mniSvneloba, sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras mxares mowmis gamoZaxebaze. _ mowmis gamoZaxebaze da dakiTxvaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (104-e muxli). _ mowmis gamoZaxeba warmoebs 70-e -78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. muxli 141. pirebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba dakiTxul iqnen mowmed mowmed yvela SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba gamoZaxebul da dakiTxul iqnes: a) piri, romelsac Tavisi fizikuri an fsiqikuri naklis gamo ar SeuZlia swored aRiqvas faqtebi da misces maT Sesaxeb swori Cveneba; b) sasuliero piri _ im garemoebaTa Sesaxeb, romlebic mas gaandves aRsarebis dros; g) warmomadgenlebi samoqalaqo saqmeebsa da damcvelebi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze _ iseT garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT, rom257 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali lebic maTTvis cnobili gaxda maT mier warmomadgenlis an damcvelis movaleobis Sesrulebisas. 141-e muxlis `a~ da `b~qvepunqtebis mimarT unda iTqvas igive, rac ukve iTqva 129-e muxlis komentirebisas. g) warmomadgenlebi, maT Soris advokatebi (damcvelebi), damoukideblad imisa, sisxlis Tu samoqalaqo saqmeebze gamodiodnen isini, ar SeiZleba mowmed iqnen dakiTxuli mxolod iseTi garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic cnobili gaxda maTTvis TavianTi profesiuli saqmianobis Sesrulebis wyalobiT. rac Seexeba sxva faqtebs da garemoebebs, isini SeiZleba dakiTxul iqnen rogorc mowmeebi, magram aseT SemTxvevaSi ver gamovlen mxaris warmomadgenlad procesSi. mowmisa da warmomadgenlis (advokatis) funqciis SeTavseba ar SeiZleba. muxli 142. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba 1. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba aqvT: a) mxareTa meuRleebs; b) axlo naTesavebs _ Svilebs, SviliSvilebs, Zmebs, debs, mSoblebs, mSvileblebs, Svilobilebs, mzrunvelebs, meurveebs, bebiebs, papebs; g) pirebs, romlebic TavianTi samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamo valdebulni arian daicvan saidumloeba, Tu isini ganTavisuflebulni ar arian am movaleobisagan. 2. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqma dasaSvebia, Tu Cvenebis micema gamoiwvevs mowmis an misi axlo naTesavis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebas an miayenebs maT qonebriv zians 258 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 1. mowmed dabarebuli piri valdebulia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi da misces swori Cveneba. am valdebulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis gaTvaliswinebulia pasuxismgebloba (145-e muxli). aseTi valdebulebisagan Tavisufldebian pirebi, romlebisTvisac Tumca cnobilia saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebi, magram ganekuTvnebian im pirTa kategorias, romlebic CamoTvlilia am muxlis pirvel nawilSi, maT Soris pirebi, romlebic valdebuli arian daicvan saidumloeba (ix. 129-e muxlis `g~ qvepunqtis komentari). 2. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlil pirebs ufleba aqvT uari Tqvan Cvenebis micemaze mxolod im pirobiT, Tu es gamoiwvevs mis an axlo naTesavis mimarT sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvras, an miayenebs maT qonebriv zians. magaliTad, axlo naTesav mowmes ufleba aqvs ar misces Cveneba imis Sesaxeb, rom xanZari gamowveuli iyo misi mSoblis uxeSi gaufrTxileblobiT, rasac moyva mosarCelis qonebis ganadgureba da a. S. magram Tu mowmes SeuZlia daadasturos nasyidobis, qiravnobis, sesxis da a. S. xelSekruleba _ es ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc qonebrivi zianis miyeneba misi axlo naTesavisaTvis, amitom, aseTi garemoebebis Sesaxeb mowme valdebulia misces Cveneba (143-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqti). _ Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqma damajereblad unda daasabuTos mowmem (144-e muxli). muxli 143. Cvenebis micemis valdebuleba Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebis miuxedavad Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebis miuxedavad piri valdebulia misces Cveneba, Tu: a) saWiroa dadasturdes garigeba, rom259 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali lis dadebisas igi miwveuli iyo mowmed; b) gasarkvevia ojaxis wevris dabadebis, daqorwinebis an gardacvalebis sakiTxebi; g) ama Tu im samarTlebrivi urTierTobebis damyarebisas igi moqmedebda, rogorc erT-erTi mxaris warmomadgeneli. 1. es muxli Seicavs iseTi SemTxvevebis amomwurav CamonaTvals, rodesac Tumca arsebobs Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 142e muxliT, magram miuxedavad amisa piri valdebulia misces Cveneba. aseTi SemTxvevebia: a) roca saWiroa dadasturdes iseTi garigeba, romlis dadebisas piri miwveuli iyo mowmed. `sanotaro moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis wesis Sesaxeb~ instruqciis me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, mowmeTa daswreba savaldebuloa, Tu dasamowmebelia aqti, romlis erTerTi monawile aris yru-munji, yru, brma, werakiTxvis armcodne. mowmeTa daswreba savaldebuloa im SemTxvevaSic, roca daswrebas moiTxovs notariusi an sanotaro aqtis romelime monawile. imave muxliT gansazRvrulia, Tu vin ar SeiZleba iyos mowme. instruqciis 25-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `d~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, sanotaro aqtSi aucileblad unda iyos miTiTebuli `sanotaro aqtis yvela monawilis (maT Soris mowmis, Tarjimnis) saxeli, gvari, dabadebis adgili da TariRi, sacxovrebeli adgili da sxva~. _ amrigad, sasamarTloSi dasadasturebeli garigeba unda Seicavdes cnobebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu vin eswreboda am garigebis dadebisas mowmed. es pirebi valdebuli arian gamocxaddnen sasamarTloSi da miscen Cveneba im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca aqvT ufleba ar miscen Cveneba sasamarTlos (142-e muxli). _ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebis mqone piri marTalia nebiT Tu uneblieT eswreboda garigebis dadebas, magram ara rogorc 260 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari mowme da, amitom, igi arcaa moxseniebuli am garigebaSi rogorc mowme. aseT SemTxvevaSi es piri, romelic sargeblobs Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebiT, araa valdebuli misces Cveneba, radgan igi ar iyo mowveuli rogorc mowme. amitom, sasamarTlosaTvis Cvenebis micema am piris neba-survilzea damokidebuli. b) roca saWiroa gairkves ojaxis wevris dabadebis, daqorwinebis an gardacvalebis sakiTxebi. es qvepunqti Seicavs im faqtiuri garemoebebis amomwurav CamonaTvals, romelTa arseboba-ararsebobis dadasturebis mizniT SeiZleba daikiTxos Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebis mqone piri (142-e muxli). g) roca piri moqmedebda rogorc warmomadgeneli. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 103-e muxlis Tanaxmad `garigeba SeiZleba daidos warmomadgenlis meSveobiTac, anda warmoiSoba davalebis (mindobiloba) safuZvelze~. kanonieri warmomadgenlis mowmed dakiTxvis sakiTxi ar dgas maSin, roca isini qmeduunaro an SezRudul qmedunarianobis mqone piris uflebebs TviTon icaven. aseT SemTxvevaSi isini gvevlineba mxareebad da maTgan SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebis miReba (101-e muxli). magram, roca garigebas debs warmomadgeneli davalebis (mindobilobis) safuZvelze, maSin es warmomadgeneli kidec rom sargeblobdes Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebiT, mainc valdebulia misces Cveneba sasamarTlos am garigebis dadebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. muxli 144. mowmis movaleoba daasabuTos uaris Tqma Cvenebis micemaze mowmem, romelic uars ambobs Cvenebis micemaze, unda daasabuTos es uari. sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, aqvs Tu ara mowmes ufleba, uari Tqvas Cvenebis micemaze, sabolood gadawydeba sasamarTlos mier. 261 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 1. piris gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom mas ufleba aqvs ar misces Cveneba ar kmara. man unda daasabuTos (daadasturos), rom aseTi ufleba aqvs. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis uflebis dadastureba- damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba pirs, romelic aseT uflebaze akeTebs gancxadebas. magaliTad, Tu mowmed dasaxelebuli piri acxadebs, rom igi romelime mxaris axlo naTesavia, unda warmoudginos sasamarTlos amis damadasturebeli dokumenti (142-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `b~ qvepunqti), an kidev, daasabuTos, rom Cvenebis micema konkretuli faqtis mimarT gamoiwvevs uSualod mis an misi axlo naTesavi mxaris mimarT sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas da a. S. (142-e muxlis me-2 nawili). 2. Tu ramdenad SeZlo mowmed dasaxelebulma pirma daemtkicebina da damajereblad daedasturebina Tavisi ufleba uari Tqvas Cvenebis micemaze, sabolood afasebs da wyvets sasamarTlo. mowmed dasaxelebuli piris Cvenebis micemisagan gaTavisuflebis, an aseT gaTavisuflebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. muxli 145. mowmis movaleoba 1. mowmed dabarebuli piri valdebulia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi da misces swori Cveneba. mowmis sasamarTloSi arasapatio mizeziT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi igi dajarimdeba 50 lariT. sasamarTlom SeiZleba daadginos mowmis iZulebiTi moyvana. 2. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmisa da ganzrax araswori Cvenebis micemisaTvis mowmes SeiZleba daekisros sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba. 262 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 1. mowmed dabarebul pirs, agreTve mowmed dasaxelebul pirs, romelsac sasamarTlos ganCinebiT ar aqvs ufleba uari Tqvas Cvenebis micemaze (144-e muxli), ekisreba ori saxis movaleoba: a) gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi daniSnul dros da b) misces swori Cveneba. 2. am movaleobaTa Sesruleba uzrunvelyofilia ara marto samoqalaqo saproceso sanqciiT, aramed sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobiT, rac gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 370-e da 371-e muxlebiT. muxli 146. mowmis ufleba 1. mowmes ufleba aqvs moiTxovos sasamarTloSi gamoZaxebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis anazRaureba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT. 2. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daavalos mxares, romlis SuamdgomlobiTac gamoZaxebulia mowme, winaswar gadaixados mowmis sasamarTloSi gamoZaxebasa da dakiTxvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi. aseT SemTxvevaSi mowmes gamoiZaxebs sasamarTlo mas Semdeg, rac mxare Seasrulebs aRniSnuli xarjebis gadaxdis movaleobas. 1. mowmis gamoZaxebasTan da mis sasamarTloSi gamocxadebasTan dakavSirebiT gaweuli xarjebis anazRaurebas iTvaliswinebs 45-e muxlis pirveli da me-3 nawilebi (ix. am muxlis komentari). 2. Tu mowme mimarTavs sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT, rom mas es xarjebi winaswar gadauxadon da sasamarTlo amas mizanSewonilad CaTvlis, maSin mas gamoaqvs ganCineba aseTi xarjebis im mxarisagan winaswari gadaxdis Sesaxeb, romelmac iSuamdgomla sasamarTlos winaSe am mowmis gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb. Tu mxarem ar gadaixada ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli xar263 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali jebi daniSnul vadaSi, maSin sasamarTlo ar gamoiZaxebs mowmes an gamoiZaxebs, oRond im pirobiT, Tu es ar gamoiwvevs saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebas da mTavari sxdomis sxva droisaTvis gadadebas. mowmis gamoZaxebasTan da dakiTxvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis dagvianebiT gadaxda ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT. muxli 147. mowmis dakiTxva mis adgilsamyofelze mowmis dakiTxva warmoebs Ria sasamarTlo sxdomaze. mowme SeiZleba daikiTxos mis adgilsamyofelze, Tu: a) avadmyofobis, moxucebulobis, invalidobis an sxva sapatio mizeziT mas ar SeuZlia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi; b) saqmis garemoebaTa mixedviT misi adgilze dakiTxva ufro mizanSewonilia. g) dakiTxul unda iqnes ramdenime mowme, romlebic erT adgilas cxovroben da maTi sasamarTloSi gamoZaxeba da dakiTxva dakavSirebuli iqneboda did xarjebTan; d) sxva SemTxvevebSi _ sasamarTlos Sexedulebisamebr. _ es muxli gansazRvravs mowmis dakiTxvis or adgilmdebareobas: pirveli _ mowme unda daikiTxos sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze. es imas niSnavs, rom mowme ar SeiZleba daikiTxos saqmis winaswari momzadebis wesiT da meore _ mowme SeiZleba daikiTxos misi faqtobrivi adgilsamyofelis mixedviT am muxlis `a~, `b~ da `g~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi. am SemTxvevebis CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi da sasamarTlos SeuZlia mowmis dakiTxva misi adgilsamyofelis mixedviT, Tu es ufro mizanSewonilia. _ mowmis misi adgilsamyofelis mixedviT dakiTx264 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari vis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic garda Cveulebrivi rekvizitebisa, miTiTebuli unda iyos misi dakiTxvis adgili (misamarTi) da dro. _ mowmis dakiTxva unda moxdes kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (148-e muxli), romelic kerZod, iTvaliswinebs mxareebis mier mowmisaTvis SekiTxvebis micemis uflebas. amitom, mowmis adgilze dakiTxvis Sesaxeb aucileblad unda ecnobos mxareebs. maTi gamoucxadebloba mowmis dakiTxvas ver daabrkolebs. _ ganCineba mowmis adgilsamyofelis mixedviT dakiTxvis Sesaxeb ar gasaCivrdeba. muxli 148. mowmis dakiTxva 1. yoveli mowme calke unda daikiTxos. mowmeebi, romlebsac jer ar miuciaT Cveneba, ar unda iyvnen sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi. dakiTxuli mowmeebi rCebian sasamarTlo sxdomaTa darbazSi saqmis ganxilvis damTavrebamde da ar SeuZliaT gavidnen darbazidan sasamarTlos nebarTvis gareSe. 2. mowmis dakiTxva iwyeba misi pirovnebis garkveviT (saxeli, gvari, sacxovrebeli da saqmianobis adgili da a. S.). amis Semdeg sasamarTlo arkvevs mowmis damokidebulebas saqmeSi monawile pirebTan da winadadebiT mimarTavs mas acnobos sasamarTlos yvelaferi, rac misTvis piradad cnobilia saqmis garemoebaTa Sesaxeb. 3. mowme Tavisufali TxrobiT gadmoscems yovelives, rac man icis am garemoebaTa Sesaxeb. mxolod amis Semdeg SeiZleba mieces mas SekiTxvebi. 4. pirvelad SekiTxvas aZlevs mxare, romlis iniciativiTac daibares mowme an mxaris warmomadgeneli, Semdeg _ mowinaaRmde265 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ge mxare an misi warmomadgeneli, konkretuli SekiTxvis micemis mizanSewonilobis sakiTxs wyvets sasamarTlo. 5. mosamarTles SeuZlia SekiTxva misces mowmes dakiTxvis yvela momentSi. 1. mowmeTa calke dakiTxvis mniSvneloba SeiZleba mdgomareobdes imaSi, rom ar moaxdinon gavlena erTmaneTze Cvenebis micemisas. dakiTxuli mowmis sxdomis damTavrebamde darbazSi yofnas ki SeiZleba is mniSvneloba hqondes, rom SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes misi ganmeorebiT dakiTxva an sxva mowmeebTan dapirispireba (149-e muxli). 2. mowmis pirovnebis garkveva aucilebelia ara mxolod imisaTvis, rom icodes sasamarTlom da mxareebma vis dakiTxvas apireben, aramed SeimuSaos am mowmis dakiTxvis taqtika. mowmis damokidebulebis garkvevas mxareebTan (megobroba, daintereseba saqmis SedegiT da a. S.) aqvs sasamarTlosaTvis mniSvneloba misi Cvenebis Sefasebis dros. dakiTxvis dawyebis win sasamarTlo afrTxilebs mowmes araswori Cvenebis micemisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. aseTi gafrTxileba Sedis oqmSi, razec xels awers mowme. 3. mowmis dakiTxvis dawyeba SekiTxvebis micemiT dauSvebelia. SekiTxvebi mowmes SeiZleba mieces mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac Tavisufali TxrobiT gadmoscems yvelafers, rac icis saqmis garemoebebis Sesaxeb. SekiTxvebis micemis aucilebloba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom Tavisufali TxrobiT gadmocemuli Cveneba, rogorc wesi, araa yovelTvis sruli. am xarvezis Sevsebas da Cvenebis dakonkretebas emsaxureba SekiTxvebis micema. sasamarTlom araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda dauSvas SekiTxvebis micema mowmisaTvis, sanam igi ar daamTavrebs Txrobas. 4. sasamarTlom ganuxrelad unda daicvas SekiTxvebis micemis rigiToba, romelic dadgenilia am muxlis me-4 nawiliT. amasTan erTad, Tu mxaris mier mowmi266 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari saTvis dasmuli SekiTxva ar emsaxureba saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebis garkvevas, sasamarTlom unda moxsnas aseTi SekiTxva (221-e muxli). 5. SekiTxvebis micemis rigiToba ar vrceldeba mosamarTleze. mas SeuZlia SekiTxva misces mowmes nebismier dros, maT Soris pirvelma. muxli 149. mowmis ganmeorebiT dakiTxva. mowmeTa dapirispireba sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT an Tavisi iniciativiT meored dakiTxos mowme, agreTve moaxdinos mowmeTa dapirispireba maTs CvenebaSi winaaRmdegobaTa gasarkvevad. 1. ganmeorebiT dakiTxvis aucilebloba xSirad ganpirobebulia imiT, rom mowmis Cveneba SeusabamobaSia an ewinaaRmdegeba sxva mowmeTa Cvenebas an, saerTod, saqmeSi arsebul masalebs. sasamarTlo am Seusabamobis moxsnis mizniT iRebs ganCinebas mowmis ganmeorebiT dakiTxvis Sesaxeb. igive garemoebiTaa ganpirobebuli mowmeTa dapirispirebac, ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlo iRebs agreTve ganCinebas. mowmeTa ganmeorebiT dakiTxvisa da dapirispirebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba iSuamdgomlos mxareebmac. ise rogorc mowmis dakiTxva, ganmeorebiT dakiTxva da mowmeTa dapirispireba SeiZleba moxdes (Tu amis aucileblobaa) erT-erTi mowmis adgilsamyofelis mixedviT. 2. ganmeorebiT dakiTxvisa da dapirispirebis miznidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlom winaswar unda gansazRvros aseTi dakiTxvisa da dapirispirebis taqtika da wesi. mowmeebs mizanSewonilia winaswar ganemartos ganmeorebiT dakiTxvisa da dapirispirebis mizani. mowmeebs unda mieces winadadeba miscen Cveneba im erTi da igive garemoebis Sesaxeb, romlis mimarT maTi pirvel267 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali dawyebiTi Cveneba ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs. amis Semdeg maT SeiZleba dausvan SekiTxvebi im rigis mixedviT, romelic gansazRvrulia 148-e muxliT. 3. sasamarTlos ganCineba mowmis ganmeorebiT dakiTxvisa Tu dapirispirebis Sesaxeb, an aseT saproceso moqmedebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ar gasaCivrdeba. muxli 150. mowmis mier CanawerebiT sargebloba mowme Cvenebas aZlevs zepirad, magram mas SeuZlia isargeblos CanawerebiT, Tu misi Cveneba dakavSirebulia raime cifrobriv an sxva Znelad dasamaxsovrebel cnobebTan. es Canawerebi mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT an sasamarTlos iniciativiT SeiZleba daerTos saqmes. _ damoukideblad imisa, mowmis dakiTxva warmoebs sasamarTlo davalebis wesiT, misi adgilsamyofelis mixedviT, Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze _ mowme yovelTvis aZlevs Cvenebas zepirad. mas SeuZlia mxolod isargeblos CanawerebiT da im pirobiT, Tu es Canawerebi dakavSirebulia cifrobriv an sxva Znelad dasamaxsovrebel cnobebTan (magaliTad, man unda misces cnobebi, Tu konkretulad vin monawileobda an eswreboda sazogadoebis krebas da am krebis romelma monawilem sinamdvileSi ra mosazreba gamoTqva da a. S.). _ CanawerebiT sargebloba ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc gamonaklisi saerTo wesidan, romlis Tanaxmad mowme yovelTvis aZlevs Cvenebas zepiri formiT. CanawerebiT sargebloba ar niSnavs Cvenebis werilobiTi formiT gadmocemas. sasamarTlom unda aRkveTos werilobiTi CanawerebiT sargebloba Tu es Canawerebi ar Seesabameba 150-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul pirobebs, e.i. ar ganekuTvneba cifrobriv an sxva Znelad dasamaxsovrebel gaangariSebebsa da cnobebs. 268 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari mowmis mier Cvenebis zepirad micema qmnis STabeWdilebas, rom mowme iZleva faqtis Sesaxeb iseT informacias, rac man uSualod aRiqva da ara iseT Cvenebas, romelic mxaris SegonebiTaa nakarnaxevi. muxli 151. uaris Tqma mowmis dakiTxvaze mxares SeuZlia uari Tqvas im mowmis dakiTxvaze, romlis gamoZaxebasa da dakiTxvaze TviTon iSuamdgomla sasamarTlos winaSe. meore mxares SeuZlia iSuamdgomlos sasamarTlos winaSe, rom gamocxadebuli mowme dakiTxul iqnes, xolo Tu dakiTxva dawyebulia _ gagrZeldes. aseT SemTxvevaSi mowme unda daikiTxos. 1. sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs mxaris Suamdgomlobas mis mier dasaxelebuli mowmis dakiTxvaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb mxolod erTi pirobiT _ Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare Tanaxma iqneba amaze. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mowme unda daikiTxos. muxli 152. arasrulwlovani mowmis dakiTxva 1. 14 wlis asakamde mowmis dakiTxvisas, xolo sasamarTlos SexedulebiT _ 14-dan 18 wlis asakamde mowmis dakiTxvis drosac, SeiZleba mowveul iqnes pedagogi, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba moiwvion agreTve mSoblebi, mSvileblebi, meurveebi an mzrunvelebi. aRniSnul pirebs, sasamarTlos nebarTviT, SeuZliaT miscen mowmes SekiTxvebi. 2. gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, Tu es aucilebelia swori da gulwrfeli Cvenebis misa269 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali Rebad, arasrulwlovani mowmis dakiTxvis dros sasamarTlos winadadebiT sxdomis darbazidan SeiZleba romelime mxaris gayvana. sxdomis darbazSi am mxaris dabrunebis Semdeg mas unda ecnobos arasrulwlovani mowmis Cveneba da mieces SesaZlebloba dausvas mowmes SekiTxvebi. 3. mowme, romelsac 16 weli ar Sesrulebia, dakiTxvis Semdeg tovebs sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazs, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac sasamarTlo aucileblad miiCnevs am mowmis darCenas sxdomis darbazSi. 1. 152-e muxliT gansazRvruli wesebis dacva arasrulwlovani mowmeebis dakiTxvis dros, rogoricaa pedagogis mowveva (rogorc savaldebulo), agreTve aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi kanonieri warmomadgenlis (mSoblebis, mSvileblebis, meurveebis, mzrunvelebis) mowveva, sxdomis darbazidan romelime mxaris gayvana da a. S. ganpirobebulia erTi umTavresi mizniT _ arasrulwlovani mowmisagan Tavisufali, swori da gulwrfeli Cvenebis miRebiT. amitom, am muxliT dadgenili wesebi ganuxrelad unda Sesruldes sasamarTlos mier. muxli 153. mowmis mier ficis dadeba 1. mowmis mier ficis dadeba SeiZleba moxdes mxolod maSin, Tu mis Cvenebas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs mxareTa Soris wamoWrili davis gadawyvetisaTvis da sasamarTlo amas mizanSewonilad CaTvlis. 2. ficis dadeba xdeba dakiTxvis Semdeg. 3. fics ar deben 16 wels miuRweveli pirebi. 4. ficis dadebis win sasamarTlom unda auxsnas mowmes ficis mniSvnelobisa da wi270 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari naswarganzraxulad daficebis gziT yalbi Cvenebis micemiT gamowveuli sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. 5. religiuri mniSvnelobis mqone ficis dadebis dros mosamarTle Semdegnairad mimarTavs mowmes: `daificeT yovlisSemZle da yovlismcodne RmerTis winaSe, rom Tqven mTeli SegnebiT TqviT mxolod simarTle da araferi dagimalavT~. amaze mowme upasuxebs: `vficav, RmerTi iyos Cemi mfarveli!~ 6. arareligiuri mniSvnelobis mqone fici daideba Semdegnairad: mosamarTle mimarTavs mowmes: `daificeT, rom Tqven mTeli SegnebiT TqviT mxolod simarTle da araferi dagimalavT~. mowme upasuxebs: `vficav~. 7. Tu mowme acxadebs, rom igi Tavisi rwmenisa Tu sxva mosazrebaTa gamo uars ambobs ficis dadebaze, maSin man Tavisi Cveneba unda misces ficis Semcvleli dadasturebiT. aseTi dadastureba Semdegnairad xorcieldeba: mosamarTle mimarTavs mowmes: `adasturebT Tu ara sasamarTlos winaSe pasuxismgeblobis mTeli SegnebiT, rom Tqven TqviT mxolod simarTle da araferi dagimalavT?~. mowme upasuxebs: `diax, vadastureb~. 1. ficis dadeba mowmis mier SeiZleba moxdes rogorc TviT mowmis iniciativiT, ise mxaris SuamdgomlobiT da sasamarTlos iniciativiT. _ yvela SemTxvevaSi, imisaTvis rom mowmes mieces 271 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ficis dadebis SesaZlebloba ori garemoebis erTdroulad arsebobaa aucilebeli: erTi _ mowmis Cvenebas unda hqondes gadamwyveti mniSvneloba davis gadawyvetisaTvis, magaliTad, mowmis Cvenebazea damokidebuli sarCelis dakmayofileba, an mis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqma da meore _ ficis dadebas sasamarTlo mizanSewonilad CaTvlis. magaliTad, mowmis Cvenebas imis Sesaxeb, rom misi TandaswrebiT mopasuxem miuTvala sesxad aRebuli Tanxa mosarCeles, aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis. amitom, Tu sasamarTlos es mizanSewonilad miaCnia, am mowmes SeiZleba mosTxovos ficis dadeba. 2. fsiqologiis mecnierebis monacemebiT TviTon faqti piris mowmis saxiT sasamarTloSi gamoZaxebisa STamagonebel zegavlenas axdens am pirze. miT umetes aseTi zegavlena Zlierdeba, roca mowmes afrTxileben sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. magram, roca mas RmerTis winaSec aficeben, ar aris gamoricxuli aseTma pirma saerTod ganacxados, rom araferi saqmis garemoebebis Sesaxeb ar icis da amitom verc miscems maT Sesaxeb raime Cvenebas. amitom, ficis dadebis momenti, Tu amas sasamarTlo mizanSewonilad CaTvlis, unda moxdes mxolod Cvenebis micemis Semdeg da im wesiT, rogorc es am muxlis me-5 nawilSia Camoyalibebuli. 3. religiuri, Tu arareligiuri ficis dadeba (me-5 da me-6 punqtebi) an kidev Tavisi rwmenis gamo, ficis dadebaze uarisTqma (me-7 nawili), ar aTavisuflebs sasamarTlos Seafasos mowmis Cveneba Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT. ficiT dadasturebuli mowmis Cveneba sasamarTlom SeiZleba sarwmunod miiCnios. swored am mosazrebiT SeiZleboda exelmZRvanela kanonmdebels, rodesac am muxlis me-4 nawiliT miuTiTa imis Sesaxeb, rom sasamarTlom unda auxsnas mowmes ficis dadebis win `winaswar ganzraxulad daficebis gziT yalbi Cvenebis micemiT gamowveuli sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb~. 272 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari amrigad, kanonmdebeli ar gamoricxavs yalbi Cvenebis ficis meSveobiT dadasturebis SesaZleblobas. es imas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlom unda Seafasos mowmis Cveneba misi utyuarobis TvalsazrisiT yvela SemTxvevaSi, gamonaklisis gareSe. 273 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XIX nivTieri mtkicebuleba muxli 154. nivTieri mtkicebulebani, maTi gamoTxovisa da wardgenis wesi 1. nivTieri mtkicebulebebia is nivTebi, romlebic Tavisi xarisxiT, TvisebiT an Tavisi arsebobiT warmoadgenen saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis dadgenis saSualebas. 2. nivTier mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlos warudgenen mxareebi. Tu mxarem ver SeZlo nivTieri mtkicebulebis miReba im pirisagan, visac xelTa aqvs igi, mxares SeuZlia iSuamdgomlos sasamarTlos winaSe misi gamoTxovis Sesaxeb. 3. nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri valdebulia aRniSnos, saqmis ra mniSvnelovani garemoebis dadgena SeiZleba am mtkicebulebiT, aRweros es nivTi da miuTiTos, ras efuZneba misi varaudi, rom mtkicebuleba mis mier miTiTebuli piris xelTaa. 4. nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze uaris Tqma sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos Tavis ganCinebaSi, romelic calke ar gasaCivrdeba. 1. 154-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi mocemulia nivTieri mtkicebulebis cnebis gansazRvreba. Tu werilobiTi mtkicebuleba werilobiTi niSnebisa da cifrebis gamoyenebiT gvawvdis cnobebs (maTi amokiTxvis saSualebiT) faqtebis Sesaxeb (134-e muxli), nivTieri mtkicebulebebi aseT cnobebs gvawvdis Tavisi xarisxiT, TvisebiT an Tavisi arsebobiT. magaliTad, sadavoa gada274 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari cemuli nivTis xarisxi (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 488-e muxli). am SemTxvevaSi es nivTi aris nivTieri mtkicebuleba. an kidev, romelime dokumentze amoSlilia (gadafxekilia) xelmowera. am SemTxvevaSi nivTieri mtkicebuleba iqneba es dokumenti da a. S. 2. saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba mxareebs. am movaleobis Sesasruleblad mxareebma unda waradginon mtkicebulebebi. aqedan gamomdinare, nivTieri mtkicebulebebis wardgenis tvirTi ekisrebaT mxareebs. mxarem SeiZleba sTxovos sasamarTlos TviTon gamoiTxovos nivTieri mtkicebuleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu man uSualod ver SeZlo misi miReba im pirisagan, romelTanac es mtkicebulebebi inaxeba. 3. ise rogorc yvela sxva saxis mtkicebulebaTa sasamarTloSi wardgenis dros, mxare romelic Txovs sasamarTlos miiRos misgan nivTieri mtkicebuleba, an gamoiTxovos igi, valdebulia miuTiTos Tu saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis romeli garemoebis dadastureba SeiZleba am mtkicebulebiT. es aris mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadobis (104-e muxli) principis erT-erTi konkretuli gamovlineba. Tu garemoebas (faqts), romlis dasadasturebladac mxare Suamdgomlobs nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze, ar aqvs mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis, sasamarTlom uari unda Tqvas mis gamoTxovaze. 4. nivTieri mtkicebulebis miRebaze Tu gamoTxovaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba (104-e muxli). muxli 155. sasamarTlo, romelsac unda waredginos nivTieri mtkicebuleba gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebuleba fizikurma da iuridiulma pirebma unda ga275 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali daugzavnon uSualod sasamarTlos daniSnul vadaSi. sasamarTlos SeuZlia agreTve nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze Suamdgomlobis aRmZvrel pirs misces ufleba miiRos sabuTi sasamarTloSi warsadgenad. _ nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos nivTebis dasaxeleba da misi sasamarTloSi wardgenis vada. mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebuleba unda gadaegzavnos uSualod im sasamarTlos, romelmac igi gamoiTxova. Tu es SesaZlebelia da sasamarTlos dasaSvebad miaCnia, mas SeuZlia gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebulebis miRebis ufleba misces mis gamoTxovaze Suamdgomlobis aRmZvrel pirs am mtkicebulebis sasamarTloSi Semdgomi warmodgenis mizniT. _ Tu fizikuri an iuridiuli piri sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi ver asrulebs davalebas, man unda Seatyobinos amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ajarimebs Sesabamis fizikur pirs an iuridiuli piris Sesabamis Tanamdebobis pirs, visi braliTac ar gadaigzavna gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebuleba. dajarimeba arc pirveladi da arc ganmeorebiTi ar aTavisuflebs pirs nivTieri mtkicebulebis sasamarTloSi wardgenisagan. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda mimarTos iuridiuli piris zemdgom organos an TviTon iZulebiTi wesiT (policiis daxmarebiT) amoiRos es mtkicebulebebi. (ix. 156-e muxlis komentari muxli 156. nivTieri mtkicebulebis wardgenis movaleoba 1. fizikuri Tu iuridiuli pirebi valdebulni arian sasamarTlos acnobon imis 276 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Sesaxeb, rom ara aqvT saSualeba waradginon gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebuleba an waradginon igi sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi. 2. Seutyobineblobis, agreTve im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac nivTieri mtkicebulebis wardgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos moTxovna arasapatio mizeziT ar Sesrulda, sasamarTlo Sesabamis fizikur an iuridiuli piris Tanamdebobis pirs ajarimebs 50 lariT. 3. dajarimeba ar aTavisuflebs moqalaqes an saTanado Tanamdebobis pirs sasamarTlos mier gamoTxovili nivTis wardgenis movaleobisagan. 4. nivTieri mtkicebulebis ganmeorebiT warudgenlobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ajarimebs Sesabamis pirebs pirveli jarimis xuTmagi odenobiT. 1. nebismieri fizikuri Tu iuridiuli piri, nebismieri Tanamdebobis piri valdebulia gadaugzavnos sasamarTlos mis mier gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebuleba amave sasamarTlos mier dadgenil vadaSi. _ nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic unda aRiniSnos gamosaTxovi nivTieri mtkicebulebis ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi, agreTve dro, romlis ganmavlobaSiac isini wardgenili unda iqnes sasamarTloSi, gafrTxileba imis Sesaxeb, rom droulad acnobon sasamarTlos maTi warudgenlobis mizezebis Sesaxeb da sasamarTlos miTiTeba, rom Tu sasamarTlos moTxovna nivTis wardgenis Sesaxeb ar Sesruldeba iseTi mizeziT, romelsac sasamarTlo arasapatiod miiCnevs _ Sesabamisi piri dajarimdeba 50 lariT, xolo am mtkicebulebis ganmeorebiT warudgenlobisaTvis _ pirveli jarimis xuTmagi odenobiT. 277 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 2. dajarimeba SeiZleba moqalaqis (fizikuri piris) an im Tanamdebobis piris, visi braliTac ar gadaegzavna sasamarTlos gamoTxovili nivTieri mtkicebuleba. _ sasamarTlom jer kidev dajarimebamde Tavisi iniciativiT unda gaarkvios Sesabamisi organizaciis romeli Tanamdebobis pirs miuZRvis brali gamoTxovili masalebis gadaugzavnelobaSi. amisaTvis is gadaugzavnis SekiTxvas organizaciis xelmZRvanels. Tu am xelmZRvanelidanac ar movida pasuxi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba uSualod am xelmZRvanelis dajarimebis Sesaxeb. 3. Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebi ganmeorebiT dajarimebis Semdegac ar iqneba gadmogzavnili, maSin sasamarTlo amoiRebs maT policiis meSveobiT, an moaxdens maT daTvalierebas adgilze (159-e muxli). muxli 157. mxaris mier nivTieri mtkicebulebis wardgenaze uaris Tqma Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebis wardgenaze arasapatio mizeziT uars ambobs erT-erTi mxare, romelic ar uaryofs, rom mtkicebuleba mis xelTaa, sasamarTlos SeuZlia mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri gaaTavisuflos im faqtis mtkicebis tvirTisagan, romelic am mtkicebulebiT unda daedasturebina, da aseTi tvirTi gadaakisros mxares, romelic uars ambobs mis xelT arsebuli nivTieri mtkicebulebis wardgenaze. _ 157-e muxls mxedvelobaSi yavs mxare _ mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovniT. Tu aseTi fizikuri an iuridiuli piri ar uaryofs, rom nivTieri mtkicebuleba masTan inaxeba, magram arasapatio mizeziT uars ambobs warudginos igi sasamarTlos, 278 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia ivaraudos damtkicebulad is faqti, romlis dasadasturebladac mxare Suamdgomlobda mis gamoTxovas da am varaudis gasaqarwyleblad mtkicebis tvirTi gadaakisros mxares, romelic uars ambobs am nivTieri mtkicebulebis sasamarTloSi wardgenaze. muxli 158. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba 1. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi waredgineba mxareebs (warmomadgenlebs). maT SeuZliaT gaecnon daTvalierebis oqmebs. mxareebs SeuZliaT gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi am nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Tu maTi daTvalierebis oqmebis Sesaxeb. 2. mxareebs mTavar sxdomaze SeuZliaT iSuamdgomlon sasamarTlos winaSe, nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebis mizniT daniSnos eqspertiza, Tu aseTi Suamdgomloba sapatio mizeziT ar iyo maT mier aRZruli saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. sapatio mizezad CaiTvleba am kodeqsis 215-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi. 3. eqspertizis daniSvna nivTier mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevis mizniT sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiTac. 1. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, Tu isini ar erTvis saqmes, rac xSirad SeuZlebelia am mtkicebulebebis xasiaTis, Sinaarsis Tu moculobis gamo, SeiZleba uSualod daaTvalieros mxarem maTi Senaxvis mdebareobis adgilze, Tu igi ar monawileobda maT daTvalierebaSi, roca amas sasamarTlo awarmoebda, agreTve gaecnos daTvalierebis oqmebs da gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi. 2. yovelgvari Suamdgomloba da maT Soris mxareTa 279 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali Suamdgomloba nivTieri mtkicebulebis Semowmebis mizniT eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb SeiZleba aRiZras sasamarTlos winaSe saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. mogvianebiT aseTi Suamdgomloba SeiZleba ganixilos sasamarTlom mxolod sapatio mizezis arsebobisas (215-e muxli). 3. mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba sasamarTlos prerogativaa. cxadia, rom Tu Semowmeba specialur codnas moiTxovs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos eqspertiza (162-e muxli). muxli 159. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa adgilze daTvaliereba Tu nivTier mtkicebulebaTa sasamarTloSi wardgena Zneli an SeuZlebelia, sasamarTlos SeuZlia, mxareTa TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT, daadginos maTi adgilze daTvaliereba, ris Sesaxebac gamoaqvs ganCineba. Tu saqmes kolegiuri sasamarTlo ixilavs, adgilze daTvaliereba SeiZleba miendos erT-erT mosamarTles. adgilze daTvaliereba xdeba XV TavSi dadgenili wesebiT. _ adgilze nivTieri mtkicebulebebis daTvaliereba mimdinareobs ssk 120-126-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari). damatebiT aq SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom malfuWebadi produqtebis daTvaliereba dauyovnebliv warmoebs, ris Semdeg isini ubrundeba mis mflobels. maTi dabrunebis Sesaxeb unda Sedges aqti, romelic rCeba saqmeSi. Tu maTi dabruneba mflobelisaTvis an im pirisaTvis, visganac isini amoiRo sasamarTlom, ama Tu im mizeziT SeuZlebelia, maSin unda moxdes maTi realizacia sasamarTlo aRmasruleblis meSveobiT. rea- 280 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari lizaciiT miRebuli Tanxebi Cairicxeba sasamarTlos sadepozito angariSze. _ daTvalierebis Sedegad Sedgenili oqmi warmoadgens mtkicebulebas, romelSiac aisaxeba daTvalierebis Sedegad sasamarTlos mier miRebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi, maTi xarisxi, Tvisebebi da a. S. oqms Tan erTvis mosamarTlis an daTvalierebaSi monawile specialistis mier Sedgenili sqemebi, naxazebi, fotoebi da sxva. muxli 160. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Senaxva 1. nivTieri mtkicebulebebi inaxeba saqmeSi an sagangebo aRweris siiT Cabardeba sasamarTlos nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Sesanax kameraSi. 2. nivTebi, romelTa sasamarTloSi mitana SeuZlebelia, adgilze inaxeba. isini dawvrilebiT unda iqnes aRwerili, xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi _ fotografirebulic. 3. sasamarTlo iRebs RonisZiebebs nivTebis ucvlel mdgomareobaSi Sesanaxad. 1. saqmeSi SeiZleba Senaxul iqnes mcire moculobis nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, romlebic Caideba konvertSi an paketSi da Caekereba saqmeSi. Tu maTi moculoba amis saSualebas ar iZleva, isini Cabardeba sasamarTlos Sesanax kameras, risTvisac praqtikulad gamoiyeneba seifebi, karadebi da a. S. Sesanaxad Cabarebuli nivTebis sia daerTvis saqmes. 2. Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis ara marto moculoba, aramed maTi raodenobac ar iZleva, maTi sasamarTloSi motanisa da Senaxvis saSualebas isini unda aRiweros da Seinaxos maTi mdebareobis adgilze. maTi aRwerilobiTi dokumentebi, xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, fotoebic daerTvis saqmes. 281 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 3. sasamarTlom unda miiRos zomebi maT Sesanaxad, xolo Tu es SeuZlebelia moaxdens maT realizacias da Semosul Tanxas Caricxavs sasamarTlos sadepozito angariSze. Tu sasamarTlos SexedulebiT es mizanSewonilia, nivTebis daTvalirebis Semdeg isini SeiZleba daubrundes mis mflobels. muxli 161. nivTier mtkicebulebaTa dabruneba 1. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, nivTieri mtkicebuleba daubrundeba mis warmdgen pirs an gadaecema im pirs, romelsac sasamarTlom miakuTvna ufleba am nivTze. 2. nivTebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba iyos moqalaqeTa mflobelobaSi, gadaecema saTanado saxelmwifo sawarmos, dawesebulebas an organizacias. 3. calkeul SemTxvevaSi nivTieri mtkicebulebebi sasamarTlos mier maTi Semowmebisa da gamokvlevis Semdeg SeiZleba saqmis damTavrebamde daubrundes mis warmdgen pirs, Tu ukanaskneli amas Suamdgomlobs da Tu am Suamdgomlobis dakmayofileba SeiZleba saqmis ganxilvisaTvis zianis miuyeneblad. 1. rogorc wesi, nivTieri mtkicebulebebis dabruneba xdeba mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac gadawyvetileba Seva kanonier ZalaSi. cxadia, mxedvelobaSia iseTi nivTebi, romlebic SeiZleba iyos moqalaqeTa mflobelobaSi. Tu iseTi nivTebia, romlebic ar SeiZleba iyos maT mflobelobaSi, an SeiZleba, magram amisaTvis specialuri nebarTvaa saWiro, maSin es nivTebi gadaecema Sesabamis organoebs. magaliTad, Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis saxiT warmodgenili iyo sanadi282 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ro Tofi, romelzec specialuri nebarTva mxares ar gaaCnda, igi gadaecema policiis organoebs. _ rogorc gamonaklisi, nivTebi SeiZleba daubrundes mis warmomdgen pirs gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde ori pirobis erTdroulad arsebobisas: pirveli _ Tu aris nivTieri mtkicebulebebis mflobelis an warmomadgenlis Suamdgomloba da meore _ Tu sasamarTlos azriT nivTebis dabruneba ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqmis ganxilvis interess. 283 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XX eqspertis daskvna muxli 162. eqspertizis daniSvna 1. Tu saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT wamoiWra sakiTxi, romlis ganmartebac moiTxovs specialur codnas, sasamarTlos mxareTa TxovniT SeuZlia daniSnos eqspertiza saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze, xolo saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvisas eqspertiza SeiZleba dainiSnos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze mxarisaTvis aseTi garemoeba obieqturi mizezebiT ver iqneboda cnobili da aseTi safuZveli warmoiSva am sxdomaze, an Tu mxarem sapatio mizeziT ver uzrunvelyo Sesabamisi gancxadebebisa da Suamdgomlobebis warmodgena saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. 2. sasamarTlos saqmis ganxilvis nebismier stadiaze SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT daniSnos eqspertiza. 1. sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros SeiZleba wamoiWras iseTi sakiTxebi da Segvxvdes iseTi garemoebebi, romelTa garkveva da dadgena Cveulebrivi meTodebiT da cnobili saSualebebiT SeuZlebeli aRmoCndes. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlosaTvis didi daxmarebis gaweva SeuZlia sasamarTlo eqspertizas. samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis TvalsazrisiT, specialuri codna - es iseTi codnaa, romelic scildeba samarTlebrivi codnis, im wesebisa da normebis farglebs, romlebic asaxaven sazogadoebis moralur Tu sxva Sexedulebas da rwmenas. aqedan gamomdinare, ar SeiZleba eqspertiza dainiSnos samarTlis sakiTxebze 284 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari an iseT sakiTxebze, romlebic moralur Sefasebas moiTxoven. eqspertiza SeiZleba dainiSnos rogorc mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiTac. mxareTa Suamdgomloba cxadia, araa savaldeblo sasamarTlosaTvis, mas SeuZlia daniSnos eqspertiza, Tu sakiTxis garkveva, faqtis dadgena marTlac specialur codnas moiTxovs. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom uari unda Tqvas eqspertizis daniSvnaze. eqspertizis daniSvna iseTi sakiTxis gasarkvevad, romelic ar moiTxovs specialur codnas, aris kanonis azrisa da Sinaarsis uxeSi darRveva, principulad dauSvebelia da faqtiurad warmoadgens sasamarTlo funqciis eqspertze delegirebis SeniRbul formas. 162-e muxli gansazRvravs eqspertizis daniSvnis stadias, anu saqmis warmoebis etaps, roca SeiZleba eqspertizis daniSvna. es etapia saqmis momzadebis stadia. es imas niSnavs, rom Suamdgomlobebi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb mxareebs SeuZliaT aRZran saqmis momzadebis stadiis damTavrebamde (ix.207-e muxlis komentari).mxaris Suamdgomloba da eqspertizis daniSvna sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze dasaSvebia mxolod or SemTxvevaSi a) Tu iseTi garemoebis Sesaxeb, romlis dadgena specialur codnas moiTxovs, dainteresebuli mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda mTavar sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvisas, magaliTad, mowinaaRmdege mxarem konkretuli garemoebis Sesaxeb (vTqvaT, misi saxeliT dokumentze Sesrulebuli xelmowera sinamdvileSi mas ar ekuTvnis) sakiTxi wamoWra mTavar sxdomaze, an aseTi garemoebis Sesaxeb, misTvis cnobili iyo saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, magram avadmyofobis, xangrZlivi mivlinebis Tu sxva obieqturi mizezebis gamo man ver SeZlo Sesabamisi Suamdgomlobis aRZvra sasamarTlos winaSe. unda aRiniSnos, rom eqspertizis daniSvnis aseTi wesi emsaxureba saqmis droulad ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas, warmoadgens saqmis ganxilvis gaWia285 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali nurebis winaaRmdeg brZolis efeqtian saSualebas da sasamarTloebma ganuxrelad unda Seasrulon am muxlis moTxovnebi. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili uflebas aniWebs sasamarTlos procesis nebismier stadiaze daniSnos eqspertiza Tavisi iniciativiT. muxli 163. ganCineba eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb 1. eqpertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic unda aRiniSnos, Tu ra sakiTxebzea saWiro eqspertis daskvna, vin dainiSna eqspertad da ra masalebi waredgina eqsperts gamosakvlevad. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi eqspertizis Casatareblad sasamarTlo niSnavs ramdenime eqsperts. 2. eqspertebis SerCevis dros sasamarTlo iTvaliswinebs mxareTa mosazrebebs. mxareebs ufleba aqvT SesTavazon sasamarTlos eqspertad dasaniSni piris kandidaturebi. sabolood sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu vis miendos eqspertizis Catareba, wyvets sasamarTlo. mxareebs ufleba aqvT acileba miscen eqsperts 35-e muxliT dadgenili safuZvliT. 3. mxareebs ufleba aqvT agreTve warudginon sasamarTlos kiTxvebi, romlebic unda ganmartos eqspertma. sabolood im sakiTxTa wres, romlebzedac saWiroa eqspertis daskvna, gansazRvravs sasamarTlo. es ukanaskneli valdebulia daasabuTos mxareTa mier wamoyenebuli sakiTxebis uaryofa. 1. ganCinebaSi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, garda 285-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli rekvizitebisa unda 286 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari aRiniSnos: a) specialuri saeqsperto dawesebuleba, romelsac miendo eqspertizis Catareba (166-e muxli); b) eqspertad daniSnuli piris vinaoba, Tu eqspertiza tardeba araspecialur sasamarTlo saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi (167-e muxli); g) im faqtebis zusti da sruli CamonaTvali, romelTa arsebobis Tu ararsebobis Sesaxeb saWiroa eqspertis daskvna. es faqtebi SeiZleba iyos mtkicebis saganSi Semavali faqtebi, anu iuridiuli faqtebi, romlebzec mxareebi amyareben TavianT moTxovnebs da Sesagebels, agreTve mtkicebulebiTi faqtebi; d) im masalebis CamonaTvali, romlebic waredgina eqsperts gamosarkvevad. eqspertizis CatarebisaTvis saWiro masalebis Segrovebisas sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs 169-e muxlis moTxovnebiT. 2. eqspertiza unda dainiSnos saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (103-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqti). mogvianebiT, e. i. saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, roca ukve daniSnulia sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma, am mTavar sxdomaze mxareTa Suamdgomlobas eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganixilavs mxolod im pirobiT, Tu aseTi Suamdgomlobis droulad aRZvra maT ver SeZles sapatio mizeziT. mxareTa Suamdgomlobis ufleba mimarTon sasamarTlos eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT. miuxedavad imisa, saqmis warmoebis romel stadiaze iniSneba eqspertiza, sasamarTlo yovelTvis atyobinebs mxareebs amis Sesaxeb, raTa maT SeZlon im uflebaTa realizacia, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia am muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawiliT. maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs eqspertizis daniSvnas. 3. am muxlis mesame nawili iTvaliswinebs sasamarTlos valdebulebas gamoitanos motivirebuli ganCineba, rodesac igi uaryofs mxareTa mier SemoTavazebul sakiTxebs. aseTive ganCineba sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos maSinac, roca igi uars eubneba mxares daniSnos eqspertiza. 287 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali orive SemTxvevaSi ganCineba SeiZleba dasabuTdes imiT, rom sakiTxebi, romelTa garkvevas eqspertizis meSveobiT moiTxoven mxareebi, sinamdvileSi ar saWiroeben specialur codnas, an kidev, es sakiTxebi garkveulia saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebiT. _ ganCinebaSi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb sasamarTlom SeiZleba daniSnos dro, romlis ganmavlobaSic eqspertma unda warmoadginos daskvna. Tu aseTi drois daniSvna eqspertizis sirTulis gamo SeuZlebelia, sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba eqspertis daskvnis miRebamde (281-e muxli). muxli 164. ramdenime eqspertis daniSvna ramdenime eqspertis daniSvnisas maT ufleba aqvT erTmaneTTan iTaTbiron. Tu eqspertebi daadgebian saerTo azrs, yvelani xels aweren erT daskvnas. eqsperti, romelic ar eTanxmeba danarCen eqspertebs, adgens calke daskvnas. Tu sasamarTlos SexedulebiT im sakiTxebis garkveva, romlebic dasmulia ganCinebaSi, saWiroebs specialur codnas mecnierebis sxvadasxva sferoSi, igi niSnavs ramdenime eqsperts (kompleqsuri eqspertiza). es eqspertebi iZlevian saerTo daskvnas, Tu isini erTnairad fiqroben am sakiTxze. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, maT SeuZliaT miscen TavianTi (calke) daskvna, romlebic mtkicebis damoukidebeli saSualebebia (mtkicebulebebia), sasamarTlo afasebs am daskvnebs rogorc damoukidebel mtkicebulebebs Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT, magram SeuZlia daniSnos ganmeorebiTi eqspertiza (173-e muxlis me-2 nawili). 288 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 165. eqspertizis Catarebis adgili eqspertiza tardeba sasamarTloSi an mis gareT, Tu es aucilebelia gamokvlevis xasiaTis an imis gamo, rom gamokvlevis sagnis wardgena sasamarTloSi SeuZlebeli an Znelia. rogorc wesi, eqspertiza tardeba sasamarTlos gareT, magram es gamowveulia ara marto imiT, rom gamokvlevis sagnis wardgena sasamarTloSi SeuZlebeli an Znelia, aramed umetesad imis gamo, rom gamokvlevisaTvis saWiro mowyobilobebisa da nivTierebebis gamoyeneba sasamarTlos SenobaSi rTulia an SeuZlebelia. muxli 166. eqspertizis Catarebis wesi specialur saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi 1. Tu eqspertizis warmoeba mindobili aqvs specialur sasamarTlo-saeqsperto dawesebulebis eqsperts, sasamarTlo ugzavnis am dawesebulebas Tavis ganCinebas eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, agreTve eqspertizis CatarebisaTvis aucilebel masalebs. 2. sasamarTlos ganCinebis miRebis Semdeg saeqsperto dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli eqspertizis Catarebas miandobs am dawesebulebis erT an ramdenime TanamSromels. 3. sasamarTlos davalebiT saeqsperto dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli ganumartavs TanamSromlebs, romlebsac miendoT eqspertizis Catareba, eqspertis ufleba-movaleobebs, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 168-e muxliT, agreTve daskvnis micemaze uaris Tqmi289 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali saTvis Tavis aridebisa Tu Segnebulad yalbi daskvnis micemisaTvis pasuxismgeblobas, rac gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT. amis Sesaxeb maT CamoerTmevaT xelwerili, romelic eqspertis daskvnasTan erTad gadaegzavneba sasamarTlos. 1. rodesac eqspertiza unda Catardes specialur sasamarTlo saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi, eqsperts niSnavs ara sasamarTlo, aramed am specialuri saeqsperto dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli. amitom, sasamarTlo Tavis ganCinebas eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, yvela masalebTan erTad ugzavnis am dawesebulebis xelmZRvanels, romelic Tavis mxriv eqspertizis Catarebas miandobs Tavisi dawesebulebis erT-erT an ramdenime eqsperts. 2. sasamarTlo-saeqsperto dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli Tavis mxriv asrulebs yvela im moqmedebas, rasac Seasrulebda mosamarTle, mas rom eqsperti daeniSna uSualod, kerZod, afrTxilebs pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb Segnebulad yalbi daskvnis micemisaTvis, ganumartavs mas eqspertis ufleba-movaleobebs (168e muxli) da a. S. 3. mxares, mas Semdeg, rac misTvis cnobili gaxda Tu vis miendo eqspertizis Catareba, SeuZlia sasamarTlos meSveobiT ganucxados acileba am eqsperts. acilebis sakiTxs ganixilavs sasamarTlo (34-e da 35-e muxlebi). muxli 167. eqspertizis Catareba arasaeqsperto dawesebulebaSi Tu eqspertiza tardeba araspecialur sasamarTlo-saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi, Sesabamis pirs eqspertad niSnavs TviTon sasamarTlo. ganCineba eqspertizis daniSvnis 290 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Sesaxeb da yvela masala, rac aucilebelia eqspertizis Casatareblad, eqspertad daniSnul pirs uSualod sasamarTlom unda gadasces. ganCinebis gadacemisas sasamarTlo amowmebs eqspertis pirovnebas, mis specialobasa da kompetenturobas, ganumartavs eqsperts mis ufleba-movaleobebs, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 168-e muxliT, da afrTxilebs eqsperts daskvnis micemaze uaris TqmisaTvis, Tavis aridebisa Tu Segnebulad yalbi daskvnis micemisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb, rac gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT. yovelive es aRiniSneba sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, rac damowmdeba eqspertis xelmoweriT. 1. Tu eqspertiza ar tardeba specialur sasamarTlo saeqsperto dawesebulebaSi, maSin eqsperts uSualod sasamarTlo niSnavs (162-163-e muxlebi) da saWiro masalebsac ganCinebasTan erTad uSualod sasamarTlo gadascems eqsperts. ganCinebisa da masze darTuli sabuTebis uSualod eqpertisaTvis gadacemasTan erTad mosamarTle kidev erTxel amowmebs mis pirovnebas, specialobas da kompetenturobas, ganumartavs mas uflebebsa da movaleobebs da afrTxilebs pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb, rac unda aRiniSnos ganCinebaSi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb da xeli moaweros eqspertad daniSnulma pirma. muxli 168. eqspertis uflebebi da movaleobebi 1. eqspertad daniSnuli piri valdebulia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi gamoZaxebisTanave da misces obieqturi daskvna mis winaSe dasmul kiTxvebze. 291 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 2. Tu eqsperti arasapatio mizeziT ar gamocxaddeba sasamarTloSi, Tavs aaridebs daskvnis micemas an Segnebulad miscems yalb daskvnas, mis mimarT gamoiyeneba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebi. 3. eqsperts ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas daskvnis micemaze, Tu misTvis gadacemuli masalebi sakmarisi ar aris, an Tu mas ara aqvs saTanado codna dakisrebuli movaleobis Sesasruleblad. eqsperti movalea aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT daskvnis micemaze uari dawvrilebiT daasabuTos. 4. Tu eqspertizis Catarebisas eqsperti gamoarkvevs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone iseT garemoebebs, romelTa Sesaxebac mas kiTxvebi ar hqonda dasmuli, eqsperts ufleba aqvs daskvnaSi miuTiTos am garemoebebze. 5. eqspertizasTan dakavSirebuli garemoebebis gamosakvlevad eqsperts ufleba aqvs gaecnos saqmis masalebs, monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, dausvas mxareebs da mowmeebs SekiTxvebi, miiRos monawileoba mtkicebulebaTa daTvalierebasa da SemowmebaSi, agreTve sTxovos sasamarTlos misTvis damatebiTi masalebis wardgena. 1. eqsperti valdebulia ara marto werilobiTi daskvna misces, aramed gamocxaddes sasamarTlo sxdomaze, Tu es sasamarTlos saWirod miaCnia da pasuxi gasces mis winaSe dasmul sakiTxebze. kiTxvebi eqsperts sasamarTlo sxdomaze SeiZleba dausvas aramarto mosamarTlem, aramed mxareebma da maTma warmomadgenlebma. am movaleobebis Sesruleba uzrunvelyofilia pasuxismgeblobis RonisZiebebiT, rac miTiTebulia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi. 292 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili iTvaliswinebs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis safuZvlebs, romelTa mixedviT eqsperts SeiZleba daekisros aseTi pasuxismgebloba, magram saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 370-e muxli iTvaliswinebs eqspertis pasuxismgeblobas yalbi daskvnis an Cvenebis micemisaTvis. 3. piris eqspertad daniSvnamde sasamarTlo arkvevs am piris specialobas da kompetenturobas, magram SeiZleba misi arakompetenturoba gamovlindes mogvianebiT _ eqspertizis Catarebis procesSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi mas ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas daskvnis micemaze. daskvnis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba mas aqvs maSinac, roca misTvis gadacemuli masalebi araa sakmarisi amisaTvis. _ orive aseT SemTxvevaSi pasuxismgebloba daskvnis micemaze uaris TqmisaTvis gamoricxulia, magram eqspertma werilobiT unda Seadginos uari da dawvrilebiT daasabuTos am uaris Tqma. eqspertis werilobiT Sedgenili uari daskvnis micemaze droulad unda gadaeces sasamarTlos. 4. faqtiuri garemoebebis an sakiTxebis wres, romelTa Sesaxeb daskvna unda misces eqspertma _ gansazRvravs sasamarTlo Tavis ganCinebaSi eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (163-e muxli). eqsperti valdebulia misces daskvna am faqtebisa da sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, magram eqsperts SeuZlia gascdes sasamarTlos mier ganCinebaSi dasmuli sakiTxebis wres da misces Tavisi daskvna iseT faqtebze da sakiTxebze, romelTa Sesaxeb mas ar hqonda kiTxvebi dasmuli, magram gamokvlevis Sedegebi iZleva am sakiTxebze pasuxis gacemis saSualebas, rasac SeiZleba hqondes misi azriT mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis. 5. eqspertizis CatarebisaTvis saWiro masalebs agrovebs sasamarTlo (169-e muxli). magram sasamarTlom SeiZleba ar mianiWos mniSvneloba da ar gadaugzavnos eqsperts yvela is masala, romelic saWiroa misTvis. amitom, eqsperts eniWeba farTo uflebebi, romlebic 293 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali miTiTebulia am muxlis me-5 nawilSi. Tu is aRmoaCens masalebs, romlebic saWiroa srulyofili daskvnisaTvis, man unda sTxovos sasamarTlos gadasces es masalebi. mxolod sasamarTlos meSveobiT SeuZlia eqsperts miiRos misTvis saWiro masalebi. muxli 169. eqspertizis CatarebisaTvis saWiro masalebis Segroveba 1. eqspertizis CatarebisaTvis saWiro masalebs sasamarTlos warudgenen mxareebi. eqspertizis Casatareblad saWiro masalebis wres gansazRvravs sasamarTlo, romelic iTvaliswinebs rogorc mxareebis, ise eqspertad daniSnuli piris mosazrebebs. 2. Tu eqspertizis Casatareblad saWiro masalebis miRebisaTvis aucilebelia mowmis dakiTxva, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoiZaxos da dakiTxos igi eqspertis monawileobiT. mxareebs ecnobebaT amis Sesaxeb, magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs mowmis dakiTxvas. am wesiT dakiTxuli mowme ar Tavisufldeba sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadebisagan da saqmis ganxilvis dros ganmeorebiTi dakiTxvisagan. 3. mowmis dakiTxvis Sesaxeb Sedgeba oqmi, romelic daerTvis saqmes. 1. eqspertizis masalebs agrovebs sasamarTlo. am masalebis xasiaTsa da moculobas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo, romelsac SuZlia gaiTvaliswinos mxareebisa da TviT eqspertis mosazrebebi. Tu es masalebi ar aRmoCnda sakmarisi, eqsperts SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos damatebiTi masalebis wardgena da miuTiTos kidec am damatebiTi masalebis xasiaTze. eqsperts SeuZlia mii- 294 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Ros damatebiTi masalebi mxolod da mxolod sasamarTlos meSveobiT da daxmarebiT. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs uSualobis principidan gadaxvevis erT-erT gamonaklis SemTxvevas da igi ganpirobebulia eqspertizis droulad Catarebis interesebiT. am interesebidan gamomdinare, kanonmdebelma dasaSvebad CaTvala mowmis dakiTxva ara sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, aramed manamde da eqspertizisaTvis masalebis Segrovebis daCqarebisaTvis. amasTan erTad, igive mowme SeiZleba gamoZaxebuli da dakiTxuli iqnes sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, Cvenebis ganmeorebiT micemis mizniT. 3. eqspertizisaTvis yvela saWiro masalebis Segrovebis mizniT mowmis dakiTxva mimdinareobs dakiTxvis wesebis dacviT, xolo dakiTxvis oqmi daerTvis saqmes. muxli 170. eqspertis daskvnis forma da Sinaarsi 1. eqsperti daskvnas iZleva werilobiTi formiT. sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs misces eqsperts winadadeba, rom man zepiri ganmarteba misces sasamarTlos Tavisi daskvnis Sesaxeb. zepiri ganmarteba Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi, waekiTxeba eqsperts romelic, xels awers mas. 2. eqspertis daskvna unda Seicavdes warmoebuli gamokvlevis werilobiT aRweras, gamokvlevis Sedegad miRebul daskvnebsa da dasabuTebul pasuxebs sasamarTlos mier dasmul kiTxvebze. 1. eqspertis daskvna _ specialuri codniT aRWurvili piris mier Catarebuli gamokvlevis (eqspertizis) Sedegia. amitom, savsebiT bunebrivia, rom sasamarTlos, romelmac es daskvna unda Seafasos, SeiZleba dasWirdes misi ganmarteba. eqsperti Tavis daskvnas 295 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali yovelTvis ayalibebs werilobiTi formiT, magram am daskvnis ganmarteba man unda misces sasamarTlos zepiri formiT, sasamarTlos mosamzadebel an mTavar sxdomaze. zepiri ganmartebis dros eqsperts SeiZleba SekiTxvebi dausvan mxareebma da maTma warmomadgenlebma (83-e da 171-e muxlebi). 2. samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba ar gansazRvravs amomwuravad yvela im rekvizits, romelsac unda Seicavdes eqspertis werilobiTi daskvna. specialurma sasamarTlo-saeqsperto dawesebulebebma SeimuSava aseTi rekvizitebi. eqspertis daskvna, yvela SemTxvevaSi unda Sedgebodes Sesavali, gamokvleviTi da daskvniTi nawilebisagan. SesavalSi unda mieTiTos sasamarTlo, romelmac daniSna eqspertiza, cnobebi eqspertizis Sesaxeb, saeqsperto masalebis Semosvlis TariRi da am masalebis dasaxeleba, im faqtebis da sakiTxebis wre, romlebic unda gadawyvitos eqspertma. gamokvleviT nawilSi unda mieTiTos gamokvlevis meTodi (eqsperimenti, SedarebiTi, qimiuri da a. S.) da teqnikuri saSualebebi, romlebic gamoiyena eqspertma gamokvlevis Catarebis mizniT. daskvniTi nawili, unda Seicavdes pasuxebs mis winaSe dasmuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, im faqtebis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb, romlebic ainteresebs sasamarTlos. daskvniTi nawili SeiZleba Seicavdes pasuxebs iseT sakiTxebzec, romlebic ar iyo sasamarTlos mier dasmuli eqspertis winaSe, magram eqspertis SexedulebiT maT SeiZleba hqondeT mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis. eqspertis daskvna SeiZleba iyos kategoriuli, roca eqsperti erTmniSvnelovnad (calsaxad) pasuxobs mis winaSe dasmul sakiTxze, savaraudo, roca eqsperti ar gamoricxavs sakiTxis sxvanairad gadawyvetis SesaZleblobas da, bolos, sakiTxis gadawyvetis SeuZleblobis Sesaxeb. 296 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 171. eqspertis daskvnis Semowmeba. eqspertisaTvis SekiTxvis micemis wesi 1. mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT gaecnon eqspertis daskvnas. maTive TxovniT eqspertis daskvna gamoqveyndeba sasamarTlos sxdomaze. mxareebs SeuZliaT gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazreba, xolo daskvnis ganmartebisa da Sevsebis mizniT eqsperts SeiZleba mieces SekiTxvebi. 2. eqsperts pirvelad ekiTxeba is piri, romlis TxovniTac dainiSna eqsperti, da misi warmomadgeneli. sasamarTlos iniciativiT daniSnul eqsperts pirvelad ekiTxeba mosamarTle. mosamarTles SeuZlia SekiTxvebi dausvas eqsperts misi dakiTxvis yovel momentSi. 1. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom eqspertis daskvnis SemowmebiT iwyeba eqspertis daskvnis Sefaseba. mxareebi da maTi warmomadgenlebi eqspertis daskvnis Semowmebis mizniT jer mas adareben saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs. aseTi Sedarebis mizania imis garkveva, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba da ra TanafardobaSia eqspertis daskvna saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebTan. Tu eqspertis daskvna upirispirdeba sxva mtkicebulebebs, gansakuTrebiT ki iseT mtkicebulebebs, romlis utyuaroba ar unda iwvevdes eWvs, maSin ukve wamoiWreba mravali sakiTxi, romelic SeiZleba gairkves eqspertisaTvis SekiTxvebis micemiT. eqspertis winaSe SeiZleba daisvas sakiTxi misi daskvnis ganmartebis Sesaxeb da imis Taobaze, Tu ra meTodis gamoyenebiT gaakeTa man aseTi daskvna. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs eqspertisaTvis SekiTxvebis micemis rigiTobas. es rigiToba unda 297 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali daicvas sasamarTlom, romelsac SeuZlia SekiTxvebi misces eqsperts misi dakiTxvis nebismier etapze. muxli 172. eqspertis daskvnis Sefaseba eqspertis daskvna sasamarTlosaTvis savaldebulo ar aris da misi Sefaseba xdeba 105-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT, magram sasamarTlos uari daskvnis miRebaze dasabuTebul unda iqnes saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebaSi an ganCinebaSi. 1. eqspertis daskvna warmoadgens damoukidebel mtkicebis saSualebas (mtkicebulebas). maSasadame, igi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis dasadgenad, magram vidre am mizniT iqnebodes gamoyenebuli, eqspertis daskvna unda Seafasos sasamarTlom Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT (105-e muxli). _ eqspertis daskvnis sisworisa da dasabuTebulobis mniSvnelovani garantiaa eqspertis daniSvnisa da Catarebis saproceso formis (wesis) dacva. amitom, sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos xom ar iyo es forma darRveuli. _ eqspertis daskvnis sisworis mniSvnelovani garantiaa eqspertis mecnieruli kompetenturoba. amitom sasamarTlom kidev erTxel unda Seamowmos misi kompetenturoba. _ xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom eqspertis daskvnis uaryofis sababi SeiZleba gaxdes saproceso formis ara yovelgvari darRveva, aramed misi iseTi darRveva, romelsac SeeZlo gavlena moexdina eqspertis daskvnis sisworeze da dasabuTebulobaze. magaliTad, Tu aRmoCndeba, rom daskvna Seadgina eqspertma, romelic dainteresebulia saqmis SedegiT, an arakompetenturma pirma, romelsac ar gaaCnia saTanado speci298 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari aluri codna da gamocdileba, an kidev, eqspertma gamoikvlia arasaTanado da uxarisxo obieqti da a. S. maSin eqspertis daskvna ar SeiZleba miviCnioT rogorc swori da dasabuTebuli. 2. eqspertis daniSvna da Catarebis saproceso formis (wesis) dacva jer kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom eqspertis daskvna dasabuTebulia. eqspertis daskvnis SefasebisaTvis sasamarTlom unda Seafasos is wanamZRvrebi, faqtobrivi da mecnieruli monacemebi, romlebic safuZvlad udevs am daskvnas. aseTi Sefaseba sakmaod rTulia mosamarTlisaTvis, vinaidan igi araa aRWurvili im specialuri codniT, romliTac aRWurvilia Sesafasebeli daskvnis avtori _ eqsperti. amitom, Tu eqspertis daskvna winaaRmdegobaSia saqmeSi arsebul sxva mtkicebulebebTan da am winaaRmdegobis moxsna sasamarTlos (mosamarTles) ar ZaluZs, maSin mas SeuZlia daniSnos ganmeorebiTi eqspertiza (173-e muxli). _ iseve, rogorc saqmeSi arsebuli nebismieri mtkicebulebis uaryofis SemTxvevaSi (249-e muxlis me-4 nawili), eqspertis daskvnis uaryofis drosac sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos Tu ratom uaryo igi. muxli 173. damatebiTi da ganmeorebiTi eqspertizis daniSvna 1. Tu eqspertizis daskvna ar aris sruli an gaurkvevelia, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos damatebiTi eqspertiza. 2. Tu sasamarTlo ar eTanxmeba eqspertis daskvnas dausabuTeblobis motiviT, agreTve, Tu ramdenime eqspertis daskvna ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos ganmeorebiTi eqspertiza da misi Catareba daavalos sxva eqsperts an eqspertebs. 299 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 1. damatebiTi eqspertiza unda ganvasxvavoT ganmeorebiTi eqspertizisagan: damatebiTi eqspertiza dainiSneba Tu eqspertma ar upasuxa yvela kiTxvaze, romelic mis winaSe iyo dasmuli, agreTve Tu daskvna gaurkvevelia da am gaurkvevlobis moxsna eqspertis daxmarebiT ver moxerxda. _ gansxvavebiT, ganmeorebiTi eqspertizisa, damatebiTi eqspertiza unda miendos im eqsperts, romelmac Seadgina da gadmougzavna sasamarTlos daskvna. 2. ganmeorebiTi eqspertiza, romlis Catareba unda miendos sxva eqsperts, SeiZleba dainiSnos or SemTxvevaSi, pirveli, roca sasamarTlos azriT eqspertis daskvna araa dasabuTebuli da meore, roca eqspertebis daskvna ewinaaRmdegebian erTmaneTs, mxedvelobaSia iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac eqspertizis daskvna mindobili hqonda ramdenime eqsperts, romlebic ar eTanxmebian erTmaneTs da amitom Seadgines cal-calke daskvnebi (164-e muxli), an kidev, miRebuli iqna ganmeorebiT daniSnuli eqspertis daskvna, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba pirveladi eqspertis daskvnas. muxli 174. eqspertizis masalebis dabruneba sasamarTlosaTvis eqsperti movalea daubrunos sasamarTlos eqspertizisaTvis gamoyenebuli yvela masala da dokumenti, Tu sasamarTlo amas moiTxovs. kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi nivTieri Tu werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi ubrundeba mis warmomdgens (139-e da 161-e muxlebi). amdenad, masalebi, romlebic gamoiyena eqspertma, da romlebic unda daubrundes mxareebs, eqsperti valdebulia daubrunos sasamarTlos. 300 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 175. ficis dadeba eqspertis mier eqspertizis Catarebamde an mis Semdeg eqsperti debs fics. ficis Sinaarsi ganisazRvreba imiT, rom eqsperti atarebs eqspertizas sakuTari codnisa da sindisis Sesabamisad. Tu eqsperts dadebuli aqvs saerTo fici analogiuri eqspertizis CatarebasTan dakavSirebiT, maSin sakmarisia miTiTeba am ficze. masze SeiZleba mieTiTos eqspertis daskvnaSic. _ eqspertis mier ficis dadebis dros, e. i. rodis dados eqspertma fici _ eqspertizis Catarebamde Tu mis Semdeg _ gansazRvravs sasamarTlo. sasamarTlom SeiZleba gamoiyenos mowmis mier ficis dadebis praqtika da SeiZleba eqspertma fici dados daskvnis micemis Semdeg (153-emuxlis me-2 nawili). _ amave muxliT gansazRvrulia eqspertis ficis Sinaarsi, romlis mixedviT eqspertis fici ase gamoiyureba: `vficav, Cavatare (an Cavataro) eqspertiza Cemi codnisa da sindisis Sesabamisad~. _ specialuri sasamarTlo saeqsperto dawesebulebis eqspertebs SeiZleba micemuli hqondeT saerTo fici, ris gamoc aRaraa saWiro yoveli calkeuli eqspertizis Catarebisas dadon fici; _ Tu eqspertizis Catareba miendo arasaeqsperto dawesebulebis TanamSromels, maSin man SeiZleba dados fici mowmis analogiurad (153-e muxlis me-4- 7 nawilebi). Tu am muxlis analogiiT vixelmZRvanelebT, maSin eqspertis mier religiuri mniSvnelobis ficis dadebis dros mosamarTle Semdegnairad mimarTavs eqsperts: `daificeT yovlisSemZle RmerTis winaSe, rom Tqven Tqveni codnisa da sindisis safuZvelze miscemT sasamarTlos daskvnas~. 301 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali amaze eqsperti upasuxebs: `vficav, RmerTi iyos Cemi mfarveli~. _ arareligiuri ficis dadebis dros mosamarTle mimarTavs eqsperts: `daificeT, rom Tqven mTeli SegnebiT, codniTa da sindisiT mieciT daskvna~. eqsperti pasuxobs: `vficav~. Tu eqsperti uars ambobs ficis dadebaze, maSin mosamarTle mimarTavs eqsperts: `adasturebT Tu ara sasamarTlos winaSe pasuxismgeblobis mTeli SegnebiT, rom Tqven mieciT daskvna Tqveni codnisa da rwmenis mixedviT~. eqsperti pasuxobs: `diax, vadastureb~. muxli 176. eqspertis gasamrjelo 1. sasamarTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSaosaTvis, agreTve sasamarTloSi gamocxadebisaTvis mgzavrobisa da sacxovrebeli sadgomis daqiravebis xarjebi da dRiuri Tanxa miecemaT eqspertebs 45-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT. 2. Tu eqspertis azriT, sasamarTlos mier winaswar gansazRvruli xarjebi sagrZnoblad gaizrdeba davis sagnis RirebulebasTan SedarebiT, an didad gadaaWarbebs winaswar ganasazRvrul xarjebs, eqsperti valdebulia droulad acnobos amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs eqspertisaTvis ori saxis anazRaurebas: pirveli _ sasamarTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSaosaTvis da meore _ mgzavrobis, sacxovrebeli sadgomis daqiravebis xarjebi da dRiuri Tanxa. _ sasamarTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSaosaTvis eqsperti miiRebs anazRaurebas, Tu igi araa specialuri sasamarTlo saeqsperto dawesebulebis Ta302 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari namSromeli. anazRaurebis odenoba aseT SemTxvevaSi ganisazRvreba 45-e muxlis mixedviT (ix. am muxlis komentari), e. i. Sesasrulebeli samuSaos xasiaTis da sirTulis mixedviT, romelic sabolood, mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlosa da eqsperts Soris dadebuli SeTanxmebiT unda ganisazRvros. _ rac Seexeba meore saxis xarjebs, rac eqspertis sasamarTloSi gamocxadebisTvisaa gaTvaliswinebuli, isini yovelTvis unda aunazRaurdes eqsperts im tarifebis mixedviT, romlebic Sesabamisi normatiuli masaliTaa gansazRvruli. 2. winaswar zustad imis gansazRvra, Tu ra xarjebTan iqneba dakavSirebuli eqspertizis Catareba, miT umetes Tu saqme gvaqvs rTul bioqimiur gamokvlevebTan da rTuli da ZviradRirebuli masalebisa da teqnikis gamoyenebasTan, SeuZlebelia. amitom, eqsperts evaleba droulad acnobos sasamarTlos amis Sesaxeb. saqme isaa, rom eqspertizis xarjebs ixdis mxare, romelmac iSuamdgomla eqspertizis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, an orive mxare, Tu misi daniSvna sasamarTlos iniciativiT moxda (52-e muxli). igulisxmeba, rom Tu aseTi xarjebi didad gadaaWarbebs winaswar gansazRvruls da davis sagnis RirebulebasTan mimarTebaSi aRarc ki Rirs misi Catareba, sasamarTlom mxareebTan SeTanxmebiT SeiZleba uari Tqvas mis Catarebaze. 303 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali wigni meore saqmeebis warmoeba pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi kari meoTxe sasarCelo warmoeba T a v i XXI saqmeebis ganxilva pirveli instanciiT muxli 177. saqmis aRZvra 1. saqme pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi aRiZvreba sarCeliT, xolo am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi -_ gancxadebiT. 2. sarCeli (gancxadeba) Sedgenili unda iyos werilobiTi formiT da upasuxebdes am kodeqsiT dadgenil moTxovnebs. pirs, romelsac miaCnia, rom misi ufleba darRveulia an sadavodaa gamxdari, SeuZlia moiTxovos am uflebis dacva sasamarTlos meSveobiT. samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs sxvadasxva saxis samarTalwarmoebas, rogoricaa: a) sasarCelo warmoeba; b) udavo warmoeba; g) gamartivebuli warmoeba. 1. 177-e muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs am samarTalwarmoebaTa aRZvras, anu darRveuli (sadavo) uflebis dacvis formebs, rogoricaa sarCeli da gancxadeba. sarCelis meSveobiT aRiZvris sasarCelo warmoeba (kari meoTxe 177-291-e muxlebi), gancxadebis meSveobiT aRiZvris udavo warmoeba (kari meeqvse, 310-356-e muxlebi) da gamartivebuli warmoeba (302-3097-e muxlebi). 2. samarTalwarmoebis aRZvrisa da uflebis dacvis 304 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari am formebs (sarCels, gancxadebas) aqvT bevri saerTo, magram maT aqvT Tavisi specifikac. saerTo ki maT Soris isaa, rom rogorc sarCeli, ise gancxadeba Sedgenili unda iyos werilobiTi formiT da pasuxobdnen kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs, romlebic bevr rameSi erTmaneTs emTxveva. muxli 178. sarCelis Sinaarsi 1. sarCelSi unda aRiniSnos: a) sasamarTlos dasaxeleba, romelSic SeaqvT sarCeli; b) mosarCelis warmomadgenlis (Tu sarCeli Seaqvs warmomadgenels), mopasuxis, mowmis, aseve sxdomaze mosawvevi sxva piris saxeli, gvari (saxelwodeba), misamarTi, aseve, arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, samuSao adgilis misamarTi, telefoni, maT Soris, mobiluri, eleqtronuli fosta, faqsi; g) mosarCelis moTxovna; d) garemoebebi, romlebzedac mosarCele amyarebs Tavis moTxovnebs; e) mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adasturebs am garemoebebs; v) sarCelis fasi; z) sarCelisTvis darTuli sabuTebis nusxa; T) am kodeqsis 180-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli iuridiuli interesi, Tu aRZrulia aRiarebiTi sarCeli. 2. sarCelSi SeiZleba Camoyalibdes agreTve mosarCelis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom: a) sasamarTlom daavalos mopasuxes im mtkicebulebaTa warmodgena, romlebic masTan inaxeba da romlebzedac mosarCele amyarebs Tavis sasarCelo moTxovnebs; b) sasamarTlom misces miTiTeba Sesabamis 305 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali dawesebulebebs, raTa maT warudginon sasamarTlos yvela is werilobiTi Tu nivTieri sabuTi da masala, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturon sarCelSi aRniSnuli garemoebebi da romelTa gacemaze aramarTlzomierad uTxres uari mosarCeles; g) sasamarTlom droulad Seatyobinos da sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoiZaxos mowmeebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturon sarCelSi aRniSnuli garemoebebi. 3. sarCels xels awers mosarCele an misi uflebamosili warmomadgeneli. es muxli sami nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlilia moTxovnebi, romlebsac unda pasuxobdes sarCeli (sarCelis savaldebulo rekvizitebi), meore nawilSi miTiTebulia moTxovnebze, romlebsac sarCeli SeiZleba arc ki pasuxobdes (arasavaldebulo rekvizitebi), xolo mesame nawili gansazRvravs Tu vis SeuZlia moaweros xeli sarCels, rac agreTve savaldebuloa. 1. im moTxovnebze, romlebic saerToa sasamarTloSi yoveli formiT mimarTvisaTvis, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs am muxlis pirveli nawilis `b~, `g~, `d~ da `e~ qvepunqtebi. _ `b~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sarCelSi miTiTebuli unda iyos ara marto mosarCelisa da mopasuxis vinaoba da misamarTebi, aramed sasamarTloSi mosawvevi nebismieri piris vinaoba da misamarTebi, agreTve maTi telefoni (mobiluri), eleqtronuli fosta, faqsi. am punqtis Tanaxmad mosarCelis warmomadgenlis vinaoba da misamarTi miTiTebuli unda iyos sarCelSi, Tu mas Seaqvs es sarCeli, magram 70-e muxlis pirveli nawilis analizi (ix. am muxlis komentari) safuZvels gvaZlevs gavakeToT daskvna, rom warmomadgenlis vinaobisa da misamarTis miTiTeba sarCelSi yovelTvis aucilebe- 306 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari lia, Tu, ra Tqma unda, mosarCeles am droisaTvis yavs warmomadgeneli. „g“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sarCelSi miTiTebuli unda iyos mosarCelis moTxovna, anu sarCelis sagani. es uaRresad mniSvnelovani da principuli xasiaTis moTxovnaa. saqme isaa, rom sasamarTlo ixilavs sarCels da gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba swored am sasarCelo moTxovnis farglebSi, romlebsac sasamarTlo verc Secvlis da verc gaafarTovebs. dispoziciurobis principidan gamomdinare sasarCelo moTxovnebis Secvlis an gafarToebis ufleba mxolod mosarCeles aqvs. aqedan gamomdinare, sarCelSi naTlad, garkveviT da amomwuravad unda iyos miTiTebuli, Tu ras moiTxovs mosarCele mopasuxisagan. Tu es moTxovna araa srulyofilad Camoyalibebuli, maSin sasamarTlom unda misces mosarCeles vada xarvezis Sesavsebad. „d“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sarCelSi miTiTebuli unda iyos garemoebebi, romlebzec mosarCele amyarebs Tavis moTxovnas. es garemoebebi TavianT erTobliobaSi Seadgenen mtkicebis sagans. sasamarTlo aqac SeboWilia. SejibrebiTobis principidan gamomdinare mxareebma TviTon unda gansazRvron Tu romeli faqtebi daudon safuZvlad TavianT moTxovnebs da Sesagebels (ix. me-4 muxlis komentari). sasarCelo moTxovnis dasasabuTeblad sarCelSi miTiTebuli faqtebi warmoadgenen im iuridiul faqtebs, romlebic qmnian sarCelis safuZvels. mtkicebulebaTa Sekreba, Semowmeba da Sefaseba sasamarTlom unda awarmoos sarCelSi miTiTebuli faqtiuri garemoebebis mimarT. sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar Sekribos mtkicebulebebi iseTi faqtebis mimarT, romlebzec marTalia miuTiTebs mosarCele, magram maT ar aqvT mniSvneloba saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis (ix. 104-e muxlis komentari). aqedan gamomdinare, sarCelSi naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos miTiTebuli garemoebebze, romlebzec mosarCele afuZnebs Tavis moTxovnebs, winaaRmdeg 307 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali SemTxvevaSi mas unda mieces vada xarvezis Sesavsebad (185-e muxli). „e“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sarCelSi miTiTebuli unda iyos mtkicebulebebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturon mosarCelis mier sarCelis safuZvelSi miTiTebuli faqtebi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda misces vada mosarCeles xarvezis Sesavsebad 185-e muxlis Sesabamisad. xarvezad ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos is, rom sarCels ar erTvis mtkicebulebebi, mtkicebulebebis TandarTva sarCelze sasurvelia, magram araa savaldebulo, damtkicebis movaleoba (mtkicebis tvirTi)warmoiSveba sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg. amiT sasarCelo warmoeba gansxvavdeba udavo da gamartivebuli warmoebisagan, romlis dros gancxadebas Tan unda erTvodes mtkicebulebebi (ix. 303-e, 313-e da 315-e muxlebis komentari). mosarCeles ar evaleba sadavo samarTlebrivi urTierTobis iuridiuli kvalifikacia, es imas niSnavs, rom mosarCele araa valdebuli miuTiTos sarCelSi kanonebze da iuridiulad daasabuTos Tavisi sasarCelo moTxovna. am muxlis „v“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad mosarCele valdebulia miuTiTos sarCelis fasi anu davis sagnis Rirebuleba. mosarCeles aseTi movaleoba ganmtkicebulia agreTve me-40 muxliT. Tu mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli fasis odenoba saeWvoa, mosamarTle gansazRvravs mis odenobas. davis sagnis Rirebulebis gansazRvris wesebi Camoyalibebulia me-40-41-e muxlebSi (ix. am muxlebis komentari). am muxlis „z“ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul movaleobas zogjer ar asruleben mosarCeleebi, e.i. sarCelSi ar uTiTeben TandarTuli sabuTebis nusxas, rac zogjer seriozuli gaugebrobis mizezi xdeba, kerZod zogjer mosarCele acxadebs rom man sarCelTan erTad warmoadgina sabuTi, romelic ratomRac araa saqmeSi. aseTi da sxva gaugebrobis Tavidan acilebis mizniT 308 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari sarCelSi yovelTvis unda mieTiTos im sabuTebze, romlebic mas erTvis. es saSualebas miscems mosamarTles Seamowmos nusxis sisrule da siswore, xolo Tu es saWiroa misces vada mosarCeles Seavsos an daazustos es nusxa. iuridiuli interesi aRiarebiTi sarCelis aRZvris winapirobaa. sasamarTlo ar miiRebs sarCels, Tu mosarCeles ar aqvs aseTi sarCelis aRZvris interesi. amitom, „T“ qvepunqti avaldebulebs mosarCeles miuTiTos mis mier aRZrul aRiarebiT sarCelSi aseT iuridiul interesze. Tumca, rogorc aRvniSneT, iuridiuli interesi aris ara sarCelis Sinaarsis sakiTxi, aramed am sarCelis aRZvris, misi gansaxilvelad miRebis winapiroba. iuridiuli interesis raobis Sesaxeb ix. 180-e muxlis komentari. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebuli moTxovnebis sarCelSi Camoyalibeba marTalia Zalze sasurvelia da udavod Seuwyobs xels saqmis droulad ganxilvas, magram araa savaldebulo. amitom, mas Semdeg, rac sarCeli iqneba miRebuli warmoebaSi, sasamarTlom unda daavalos mosarCeles jer kidev momzadebis stadiaze, droulad aRZras sasamarTlos winaSe Sesabamisi Suamdgomlobebi (203-e da 206-e muxlebi). 3. sasamarTloSi sarCeli mosarCelis saxeliT SeiZleba Seitanos misma warmomadgenelma, magram erTi savaldebulo pirobiT, Tu am warmomadgenels gaaCnia specialuri uflebamosileba amisaTvis (ix. 98-e muxlis komentari). muxli 179. sarCelisa da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebi sarCeli da TandarTuli sabuTebi sasamarTlos unda waredginos imdeni asliT, ramdenic mopasuxea. sarCels unda erTodes agreTve saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdis damadasturebeli dokumentebi. 309 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali _ sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebisaTvis igi unda pasuxobdes ara marto im moTxovnebs, romlebic Camoyalibebulia 178-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi, aramed warmodgenili iyos imdeni asliT, ramdenic mopasuxea da erTvodes baJis gadaxdis damadasturebeli dokumenti. _ sasamarTlos ufleba ara aqvs miiRos sarCeli warmoebaSi baJis winaswari gadaxdis gareSe (185-e muxli), magram mas SeuZlia gaaTavisuflos gadaxdisagan, gadauvados, ganuwilvados gadaxda, Seumciros baJis odenoba (46-e-49-e muxlebi). amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos motivirebuli ganCineba. muxli 180. aRiarebiTi sarCeli sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras uflebisa Tu samarTlebrivi urTierTobebis arsebobaararsebobis dadgenis, dokumentebis namdvilobis aRiarebis an dokumentebis siyalbis dadgenis Sesaxeb, Tu mosarCeles aqvs imis iuridiuli interesi, rom aseTi aRiareba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT moxdes. _ sarCeli sami saxisaa: mikuTvnebiTi anu aRsrulebiTi sarCelebi, gardaqmniTi sarCelebi da aRiarebiTi anu dadgeniTi sarCelebi. aRiarebiTi sarCeli SeiZleba iyos rogorc dadebiTi (magaliTad, sarCeli qiravnobiTi urTierTobis arsebobis dadgenis Sesaxeb), ise uaryofiTi (magaliTad, nasyidobis xelSekrulebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb). aRiarebiTi sarCeli SeiZleba mxolod im moTxovnaTa arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb, romlebic miTiTebulia am muxlSi. _ aRiarebiTi sarCelebi yovelTvis gulisxmoben modave mxareebs. amitom, aseT sarCelebSi yovelTvis gvyavs ori modave mxare _ mosarCele da mopasuxe, riTac igi gansxvavdeba udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli faqtis dadgenisagan. 310 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari _ aRiarebiTi sarCelis miRebisaTvis saWiroa yvela is dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi winapirobebi, romlebic miTiTebulia 178-e muxlSi (ix. am muxlis komentari). _ amasTan erTad, aRiarebiT sarCels waeyeneba kidev erTi damatebiTi winapiroba _ iuridiuli interesi. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu arsebobs sarCelis aRZvris yvela winapiroba, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia 178-e muxliT, magram ar arsebobs iuridiuli interesi, mosarCeles uari unda eTqvas aRiarebiTi sarCelis miRebaze da ganxilvaze. gansxvavebiT mikuTvnebiTi (aRsrulebiTi) sarCelebisa, romlebic mimarTulia darRveuli uflebis dacvisaken, aRiarebiTi sarCelebis dros mosarCelis ufleba jer kidev araa darRveuli, magram arsebobs misi momavalSi darRvevis saSiSroeba, radgan viRaca edaveba mas am uflebaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, iuridiuli interesis arsebobisaTvis, romelic warmoadgens aRiarebiTi sarCelis miRebisa da ganxilvis winapirobas _ saWiroa: 1. arsebobdes dava mxareTa Soris uflebisa Tu samarTlebrivi urTierTobis Sesaxeb, e.i. mopasuxe unda ecilebodes (edavebodes) mosarCeles uflebaSi (magaliTad, sakuTrebis uflebaSi, moTxovnis uflebaSi da a.S.); 2. aseTi dava unda qmnides am uflebis momavalSi darRvevis realur saSiSroebas; 3. aRiarebiTi sarCelis gadawyveta, davis gadawyvetis saukeTeso saSualeba unda iyos, anu am gadawyvetilebas sruliad garkveuli sargebloba unda mohqondes mosarCelisaTvis; is unda qmnides uflebis Tu urTierTobis gansazRvrulobas, rac dairRva mxareTa Soris wamoWrili davis gamo; 4. aRiarebiTi sarCeli dauSvebelia, Tu ukve SesaZlebelia sarCeli TviT valdebulebis Sesrulebis Taobaze, e.i. Tu SesaZlebelia aRiZras mikuTvnebiTi (aRsrulebiTi) sarCeli. 311 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 181. sarCeli valdebulebebis momavalSi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb sarCeli valdebulebebis momavalSi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb dasaSvebia, Tu: a) sasarCelo moTxovna ar aris damokidebuli valdebulebis sapasuxo Sesrulebaze da misi Sesrulebis TariRi dakavSirebulia kalendaruli dRis dadgomasTan; b) viTarebis mixedviT gamarTlebulia SiSi imis Taobaze, rom movale Tavs aaridebs valdebulebis droulad Sesrulebas. _ valdebulebis momavalSi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb sarCelebis miRebis winapirobebi, garda 178-e muxlSi miTiTebuli sarCelis uflebis winapirobebisa, damatebiT gaTvaliswinebulia am muxlis `a~ da `b~ qvepunqtebiT. sakiTxi exeba sarCels iseTi valdebulebis Sesaxeb, romlis Sesrulebis vada jer ar damdgara da maSasadame ar arsebobs sarCelis ufleba anu sarCelis dakmayofilebis ufleba materialur samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT. _ imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom miiRos aseTi sarCeli warmoebaSi, masSi, garda 178-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli rekvizitebisa, miTiTebuli unda iyos damatebiT, jer erTi _ imis Sesaxeb, rom moTxovna ar aris damokidebuli valdebulebis sapasuxo Sesrulebaze, magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 369-e muxlis Tanaxmad `im pirs, romelsac valdebuleba akisria ... SeuZlia uari Tqvas valdebulebis Sesrulebaze sapasuxo moqmedebis ganxorcielebamde ...~ meore _ valdebulebis Sesrulebis TariRi dakavSirebulia kalendaruli dRis dadgomasTan. saqme isaa, rom Tu valdebulebis SesrulebisaTvis araa gansazRvruli dro, maSin kreditors nebismier dros SeuZlia moiTxovos misi Sesruleba (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 365-e muxli) da aqedan gamomdinare, valdebulebis momavalSi Sesrule312 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari bis Sesaxeb sarCelis aRZvris saWiroeba ar arsebobs. mesame _ adgili aqvs iseT garemoebebs (viTarebas), romlebic iZlevian imis varaudis safuZvels, rom movale Tavs aaridebs an saerTod ver SeZlebs valdebulebis Tavis droze Sesrulebas. _ mxedvelobaSi misaRebia is mdgomareoba, rom valdebulebis vadamde Sesrulebis moTxovna saerTod dauSvebelia (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 366-e muxli). kreditors SeuZlia moiTxovos valdebulebis dauyovnebliv Sesruleba im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca misi SesrulebisaTvis dadgenilia dro da es dro jer ar damdgara `Tu movale gadaxdisuunaro gaxda, an Sepirebuli uzrunvelyofa Seamcira, anda igi saerTod ver warmoadgina (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 367-e muxli). ssk 181-e muxli ar iTvaliswinebs arc valdebulebis vadamde Sesrulebas da arc valdebulebis dauyovnebliv Sesrulebas. es muxli garkveuli pirobebis arsebobisas dasaSvebad Tvlis mxolod sarCelebs valdebulebis momavalSi Sesrulebis Sesaxeb. muxli 182. ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovnis gaerTianeba da gamoyofa 1. mosarCeles SeuZlia erT sarCelSi gaaerTianos am sasamarTlos gansjadi ramdenime moTxovna erTi da imave mopasuxis mimarT, imisgan damoukideblad, erTsa da imave safuZvlebs emyareba es moTxovnebi, Tu _- ara. 2. sasarCelo gancxadebis mimReb mosamarTles SeuZlia gaerTianebuli moTxovnebidan calke warmoebad gamoyos erTi an ramdenime moTxovna, Tu cnobs, rom moTxovnaTa gancalkevebuli garCeva ufro mizanSewonilia. 3. ramdenime mosarCelis mier an ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT wardgenili moTxovne313 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali bis miRebisas, sasarCelo gancxadebis mimReb mosamarTles SeuZlia calke warmoebad gamoyos erTi an ramdenime moTxovna, Tu cnobs, rom moTxovnaTa gancalkevebuli ganxilva ufro mizanSewonilia. 4. Tu sasamarTlos warmoebaSia ramdenime erTgvarovani da samarTlebrivad erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli saqme, romlebSic erTi da igive an sxvadasxva mxare monawileobs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT an mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gaaerTianos es saqmeebi erT warmoebad erTad ganxilvisaTvis, Tu aseT gaerTianebas Sedegad mohyveba davis ufro swrafad da sworad ganxilva. mosamarTle, romelsac mimarTes saqmeTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb SuamdgomlobiT, Tavis warmoebaSi arsebul saqmesTan aerTianebs Tavis warmoebaSive an sxva mosamarTlis warmoebaSi arsebul saqmes, ris Taobazedac gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba. 1. gansxvavebiT sarCelebis subieqturi gaerTianebisa, romelic warmoSobs Tanamonawileobas, am muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs sarCelebis obieqturi gaerTianebis SesaZleblobas e. i. ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovnis gaerTianebas erTi da imave mopasuxis mimarT. am uflebis realizacia, e.i. ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovnvis gaerTianeba dasaSvebia: a) Tu yvela moTxovna cal-calke aRebuli am sasamarTlos gansjadia. es imas niSnavs, rom ar SeiZleba iseTi moTxovnebis gaerTianeba, romlebic sxvadasxva sasamarTlos gansjadia. (magaliTad, erTi moTxovna quTaisis sasamarTlos gansjadia, xolo sxvebi samtrediis sasamarTlos gansjadia da a.S.) es wesi ar vrceldeba magistrati mosamarTlis gan314 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari sjad saqmeebze, romelic am raionis (qalaqis) administraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi moqmedebs. amis safuZvels gvaZlevs me-13 muxlis me-4 nawili, romlis Tanaxmad Tu arsebobs erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime moTxovna, romelTagan erT-erTi ar ganekuTvneba magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmes, am saqmes ganixilavs raionuli sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTle; b) Tu sarCeli aRZrulia erTi da imave mopasuxis mimarT. Tu sarCeli aRiZvris ramdenime mosarCelis mier, an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, maSin gveqneba sarCelebis subieqturi gaerTianeba, anu Tanamonawileoba da aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos 86-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari). ar aris aucilebeli, rom es gaerTianebuli sxvadasxva moTxovna erTsa da imave safuZvels, anu erTsa da imave faqtobriv garemoebebs emyarebodes. magaliTad, erT sarCelSi S eiZleba iseTi moTxovnebis gaerTianeba, rogoricaa sesxad micemuli Tanxis dabruneba, binis qiris gadaxdevineba, ijaris xelSekrulebis baTilad cnoba, zianis anazRaureba da a.S. yvela es moTxovna sxvadasxva faqtobriv da samarTlebriv safuZvlebs emyareba, magram maTi gaerTianeba dasaSvebia zemoT miTiTebuli pirobebis dacviT. 2. Cveni ssk-si upiratesobas aniWebs mxareTa uflebebis realur dacvas, saqmis sworad da swrafad gadawyvetis interesebs. am interesebiTaa ganpirobebuli am muxlis me-2 nawilis danawesi imis Sesaxeb, rom sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT gamoyos gaerTianebuli moTxovnebidan erTi an ramdenime moTxovna, Tu es misi azriT xels Seuwyobs am moTxovnebis sworad da swrafad ganxilvas. moTxovnebis calke warmoebad (calke warmoebebad) gamoyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. 3. 86-e muxli uflebas aZlevs pirebs gaerTiandnen am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis arsebobisas da 315 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ise aRZran sarCeli erTi an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg (sarCelebis subieqturi SeerTeba). 182-e muxlis me-3 nawili uflebas aZlevs sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT, mxareebTan winaswari SeTanxmebis gareSe calke warmoebad gamoyos erTi an ramdenime moTxovna. gamoyofis safuZveli aqac saproceso samarTlebrivi xasiaTisaa: saqmeTa ufro swrafi da swori ganxilva -gadawyveta. moTxovnaTa calke warmoebad gamoyofis SemTxvevaSic sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. 4. am muxlis me-4 nawili ki piriqiT iTvaliswinebs am sasamarTloSi aRZruli sxvadasxva sarCelebis erT warmoebad gaerTianebas. mniSvneloba ar aqvs erTi da igive mxareebi monawileoben Tu ara am saqmeSi. sasamarTloSi ukve aRZruli sxvadasxva sarCelis gaerTianeba erT warmoebad SesaZlebelia ori pirobis erTdroulad arsebobisas: a) Tu gasaerTianebeli saqmeebi erTgvarovani da samarTlebrivad erTmaneTTan dakavSirebulia. magaliTad, aRZrulia ramdenime sxvadasxva sarCeli warmoebaSi momxdari avariis Sedegad miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb; b) saqmeTa gaerTianebas moyveba davis ufro swrafad da sworad ganxilva. erTgvarovania samarTlebrivad saqmeebi Tu ara - es obieqturi niSania da damokidebulia gaerTianebuli saqmeebis xasiaTze da Sinaarsze, magaliTad, Tu ramdenime muSa-mosamsaxurem aRZra sarCeli samuSaoze aRdgenis Sesaxeb, romlebic Statebis Semcirebis gamo daiTxova sawarmos administraciam - es sarCelebi erTgvarovania da maTi gaerTianebac mizanSewonili iqneba. magram, Tu amave administracias sxva muSa-mosamsaxureTa mimarT aRZruli aqvs sarCeli miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb yvela am sarCelis erTad gaerTianeba dauSvebelia, radgan isini araa erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli samarTlebrivad da araa erTgvarovani. mosamarTles SeuZlia gaaerTianos (Tavisi inicia316 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari tiviT an mxaris SuamdgomlobiT) mxolod mis warmoebaSi arsebuli, agreTve amave sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlesTan arsebuli saqmeebi, ris Sesaxebac mas gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba. sxva mosamarTlesTan arsebuli saqmeebis gaerTianebisas mizanSewonili iqneba mosamarTlem saqmeTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanamde winaswar moeTaTbiros sxva mosamarTles, xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares. saqmeTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba. muxli 183. sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanis vada mosamarTle valdebulia sarCelis Cabarebidan xuTi dRis ganmavlobaSi gamoitanos ganCineba am sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb. sarCeli miRebulad miiCneva misi miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanis dRidan, xolo, Tu aRniSnul vadaSi ganCineba gamotanili ar iqneba, maSin -_ am vadis gasvlis Semdeg. _ xuTdRiani vadis aTvla iwyeba im dRidan, roca mosamarTles Cabarda (gadaeca) sarCeli. xuTi dRe aris vada, romlis ganmavlobaSi mosamarTlem an unda miiRos ganCineba misTvis gadacemuli sarCelis xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, Tu aseTi xarvezi gaaCnia mas (185-e muxli), an miiRos ganCineba sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb. _ Tu arcerTi es ganCineba miRebuli araa mosamarTlis mier, maSin sarCeli iTvleba miRebulad da unda daiwyos misi ganxilvisaTvis winaswari momzadeba ise, rogorc es ganxorcildeboda am sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb ganCineba rom yofiliyo gamotanili. _ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom aseT sarCels aRmoaCn317 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali des xarvezi. sasamarTlom unda miiRos zomebi mis gamosasworeblad, magram Tu mosarCele amas ar akeTebs, magaliTad, ar ixdis saxelmwifo baJs, sasamarTlom mainc unda moamzados da ganixilos sarCeli, radgan igi miRebulad iTvleba. is, risi gamosworebac mosamarTlem ver SeZlo momzadebis stadiaze, SeiZleba gamoswordes am sarCelis mimarT sasamarTlos mier gamotanili gadawyvetilebiT (magaliTad, daakisros Sesabamis mxares baJis gadaxda). _ 183-e muxlis umTavresi mizani da daniSnuleba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom sasamarTloebi gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT moeqcnen da droulad Seiswavlon, Seamowmon da gadawyviton sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis sakiTxi. muxli 184. sarCelisa da TandarTuli dokumentebis aslebis gadagzavna mopasuxisaTvis 1. sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebis gamotanis Semdeg an aseTi ganCinebis gamotanis vadis gasvlis Semdeg (am kodeqsis 183-e muxli) mosamarTle valdebulia gasces gankarguleba am sarCelisa da TandarTuli dokumentebis aslebis mopasuxisaTvis am kodeqsis 201-emuxliT dadgenili wesiT gadagzavnis Sesaxeb. 2. sarCelis sasamarTlo warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg mxareTa Soris wamoWrili dava ar SeiZleba romelime sxva sasamarTlom an organom ganixilos. amasTan, mxareebs ar erTmevaT ufleba gayidon an sxva gziT gaasxvison davis sagani, anda daTmon TavianTi moTxovna. 3. amoRebulia. 318 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 1. sarCeli warmoebaSi miRebulad iTvleba mosamarTlis mier Sesabamisi ganCinebis miRebis Semdeg, risTvisac mas eZleva xuTi dRis vada, xolo Tu man am vadaSi ganCineba ar miiRo _ xuTi dRis vadis gasvlis Semdeg (183-e muxli). _ sarCelis da masze darTuli dokumentebis aslebis mopasuxisaTvis gadagzavnas sasamarTlo awarmoebs 201-e muxlis moTxovnaTa dacviT (ix. am muxlis komentari). gankarguleba gadagzavnis Sesaxeb unda aisaxos ganCinebaSi sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb. _ sarCelis da masze TandarTuli dokumentebis mopasuxisaTvis gadagzavna unda moxdes dauyovnebliv sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg. 2. me-2 nawilSi xazgasmulia marTlmsajulebis wesiT saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis upiratesoba sxva wesiT saqmis ganxilvasTan SedarebiT. amitom, Tu sarCeli miRebulia warmoebaSi sasamarTlos mier, sxva arasasamarTlo organos am saqmis ganxilva da gadawyveta ar SeuZlia, xolo Tu mainc moxdeba es, maSin saqme, e. i. dava mxareTa Soris gadawyvetilad CaiTvleba ise, rogorc es sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiTaa gansazRvruli. _ rac Seexeba am davis sxva sasamarTlos mier ganxilvas, roca sarCeli erTdrouladaa Sesuli or an met sasamarTloSi, rac alternatiuli gansjadobis dros SeiZleba moxdes, kolizia gadaWrilia imis mixedviT, Tu romel sasamarTloSi ufro adre Sevida es sarCeli. vadis gamoTvla unda moxdes imis mixedviT, Tu romel sasamarTloSi ufro adre miiRes ganCineba sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb, an romeli dRidan iTvleba igi miRebulad, roca aseTi ganCineba ratomRac ar iyo gamotanili (183-e muxli). 3. yovelTvis, roca araa gatarebuli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi, mxareebs ufleba aqvT gayidon, gaaCuqon davis sagani, an daTmon moTxovna. aseT SemTxvevaSi am mxaris nacvlad saqmeSi Caebmeba uflebamonacvle (ix. 92-e muxlis komentari). 319 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 185. xarvezis Sesaxeb ganCineba da sarCelis ukan dabruneba Tu mosamarTle gamoarkvevs, rom sarCeli Setanilia am kodeqsis 178-e da 179-e muxlebSi miTiTebuli pirobebis darRveviT an/ da saxelmwifo baJi ar aris gadaxdili an/ da saqmeSi ar aris warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis damadasturebeli sabuTi, igi gamoitans xarvezis Sesaxeb ganCinebas da mosarCeles dauniSnavs vadas mis Sesavsebad. Tu mosarCele daniSnul vadaSi Seavsebs ganCinebaSi miTiTebul xarvezs, mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb; winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmisa da misi mosarCelisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb, razedac SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifo baJi eqvemdebareba mTlianad dabrunebas. _ mosamarTle, sarCelis misTvis Cabarebidan xuTi dRis ganmavlobaSi, yuradRebiT unda gaecnos sarCels im TvalsazrisiT, pasuxobs Tu ara igi 178-e da 179-e muxlebis moTxovnebs (ix. am muxlebis komentari). Tu aRmoCndeba, rom igi ar pasuxobs romelime am moTxovnas, mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, romelSic amomwuravad unda iyos miTiTebuli Tu ra xarvezi (xarvezebi) gaaCnia am sarCels da ra vadaSi unda aRmoifxvras es xarvezi. xarvezis SevsebisaTvis vadas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo imis mixedviT, Tu ra xasiaTis moqmedeba unda Seasrulos mosarCelem da ra vada iqneba amisaTvis saWiro. - ganCineba xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb mosamarTles gamoaqvs im SemTxvevaSic, roca sarCeli Seaqvs da masze 320 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari xels awers mosarCelis warmomadgeneli, Tumca mas ar gaaCnia amisaTvis specialuri uflebamosileba (ix.98-e da 178-e muxlebis komentari). _ ganCineba xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb unda Cabardes mosarCeles 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. _ rogorc ki xarvezis Sevsebis vada amoiwureba, Tu xarvezi am vadaSi ar iyo Sevsebuli, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmisa (186-e muxlis „T“ qvepunqti) da misi mosarCelisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. es ganCineba, sarCeli da masze TandarTuli masalebi unda Cabardes da daubrundes mosarCeles 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. _ am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana 416e muxliT dadgenil vadebSi (ix. am muxlis komentari). _ mosarCeles SeuZlia Seitanos kerZo saCivari am ganCinebaze, magram mas ar SeuZlia moiTxovos saqmis ganaxleba, rogorc zogjer amas adgili aqvs praqtikaSi. Tu ganCineba sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uarisTqmis Sesaxeb gauqmdeba, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis (da ara saqmis ganaxlebis) Sesaxeb. _ sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi, mosarCeles ubrundeba saxelmwifo baJic, Tu igi Setanili iyo. muxli 186. sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqma 1. mosamarTle ar miiRebs sarCels, Tu: a) sarCeli ar eqvemdebareba sasamarTlo uwyebas; b) arsebobs sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba an ganCineba mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqmis, mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobis an mxareTa morigebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb; g) am an sxva sasamarTlos warmoebaSia saqme davaze imave mxareebs Soris, imave 321 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali saganze da imave safuZvliT; d) mxareebs dadebuli aqvT xelSekruleba, rom maT Soris dava gadasawyvetad gadaeces kerZo arbitraJs; e) saqme am sasamarTlos gansjadi ar aris; v) sarCeli Seitana qmeduunaro pirma; z) dainteresebuli piris saxeliT gancxadeba Seitana pirma, romelsac ara aqvs uflebamosileba saqmis warmoebaze. T) mosarCelem ar Seavso sasamarTlos mier miTiTebuli sarCelis xarvezi (am kodeqsis 185-e muxli). 2. am muxlis pirveli nawilis „e“, „z“„ da „T“ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT mosamarTlis uari gancxadebis miRebaze xels ar uSlis, ganmeorebiT mimarTon sasamarTlos imave sarCeliT, Tu acilebeli iqneba daSvebuli darRveva. 1. sarCeli SeiZleba pasuxobdes yvela moTxovnas, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 178-e, 179-e da 185-e muxlebiT, magram igi SeiZleba mainc ar miiRos sasamarTlom, radgan ar arsebobs sarCelis uflebis wanamZRvrebi. es wanamZRvrebi miTiTebulia am muxlSi. a) saerTo sasamarTloebis uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba (sasamarTlo saqveuwyeboba) zogadad gansazRvrulia me-11 muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari). sasamarTlo ver ganixilavs sarCels, Tu misi ganxilva ar Sedis sasamarTloebis kompetenciaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, im motiviT, rom misi ganxilva ar eqvemdebareba sasamarTlos uwyebrivad. Tu sasamarTlom SecdomiT miiRo aseTi sarCeli, magram SemdgomSi aRmoCnda, rom ar unda mieRo arasaqveuwyebobis gamo, maSin igive sasamarTlo gamoitans meore ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (272- 322 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari e muxli), ise rom arc ki gaauqmebs Tavis Tavdapirvel ganCinebas sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb. b) am qvepunqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, romelic gamotanilia imave sarCelze, e. i. davaze imave mxareebs Soris, imave saganze da imave safuZvliT. igi efuZneba akrZalvas, romlis mixedviT gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg mxareebs ar SeuZliaT xelaxla ganacxadon sasamarTloSi igive sarCeli (266-e muxli). _ igive Sedegebi ukavSirdeba sasamarTlo ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, imis gamo, rom mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze, mopasuxem cno sarCeli, an kidev, mxareebi morigdnen. Tu es sakiTxi gairkva mas Semdeg, rac sasamarTlom miiRo sarCeli warmoebaSi, mosamarTle Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas ssk 272-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis komentari). g) ar SeiZleba erTi da igive sarCeli erTdroulad ganixilebodes imave sasamarTloSi sxva mosamarTlis an sxva Semadgenlobis mier, an sxva sasamarTloSi. erTi da igive sarCelis sxvadasxva sasamarTloSi ganxilvis SesaZleblobis daSveba niSnavs erTsa da imave saqmeze sxvadasxva Sinaarsis sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis arsebobis daSvebas: erTma sasamarTlom SeiZleba gamoitanos gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb, xolo meorem _ sarCelze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. cxadia, rom am gadawyvetilebaTa aRsruleba SeuZlebeli iqneba. _ Tu or an met sasamarTloSi Setanilia erTi da igive sarCeli, saqme unda ganixilos im sasamarTlom, romelmac yvelaze adre miiRo ganCineba sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb, an romelSic igi ufro adre miRebulad iTvleba (183-e muxli). Tu sasamarTlom yovelive amis Sesaxeb Seityo ara sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis etapze, aramed misi miRebis Semdeg, maSin gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis ga- 323 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali nuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb 275-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad (ix. am muxlis komentari). d) mxareTa Soris dadebul SeTanxmebas davis kerZo arbitraJisaTvis (samediatoro sasamarTlosaTvis) gadacemis Sesaxeb, aqvs iuridiuli Zala, rogorc TviTon mxareebisaTvis, ise sasamarTlosaTvis. amitom, aseTi SeTanxmebis (xelSekrulebis) arsebobisas sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs miiRos da ganixilos sarCeli, xolo Tu SecdomiT miiRo _ Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba (272-e muxlis `v~ qvepunqti). _ mxareebs, cxadia, SeuZliaT gaauqmon TavianTi SeTanxmeba axali SeTanxmebiT, uari Tqvan davis kerZo arbitraJSi ganxilvaze da am davis ganxilva kvlav saerTo sasamarTlos dauqvemdebaron, magram yovelive es mxareebma werilobiT unda gaaformon da ise warudginon sasamarTlos. e) gansjadoba gvaZlevs pasuxs kiTxvaze: romeli sasamarTlos gansaxilvelia sarCeli. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-13-24-e muxlebi awesrigeben gansjadobas. principi aseTia: saqme unda ganixilos gansjadma sasamarTlom. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu sarCeli aRZrulia aragansjad sasamarTloSi, am sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar miiRos igi gansaxilvelad. _ amasTan erTad, gansjadobis darRveva ar warmoadgens gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvels. garkveuli pirobebis arsebobisas aragansjadi sasamarTlo SeiZleba gansjadi gaxdes Tu arsebobs amis Taobaze mxareTa SeTanxmeba, an Tu mopasuxe winaaRmdegi araa, rom saqme ganixilos aragansjadma sasamarTlom (21-e muxli). gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos gansjadoba ara Tavisi iniciativiT, aramed mxaris TxovniT da im pirobiT, Tu gansjadobis Semowmebis sakiTxi jer kidev pirvel instanciaSi saqmis ganxilvisas iyo mopasuxis mier dayenebuli (377-e muxli). v) qmeduunarod iTvleba piri, romelic sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT aRiarebulia aseTad (322-e mux324 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari li). Tu sasamarTlom aseTi pirisagan miiRo sarCeli, mas SeuZlia datovos igi ganuxilvelad, magram SeuZlia ganixilos igi da saqmeSi Caabas misi kanonieri warmomadgeneli, xolo Tu aseTi ar yavs dauniSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli (82-e da 275-e muxlebi). z) mxareebs SeuZliaT saqme awarmoon sasamarTloSi piradad an warmomadgenlis meSveobiT (93-e muxli). _ dainteresebul pirad iTvleba is piri, romlis uflebis dasacavadac warmomadgenels Seaqvs sarCeli. gadawyvetilebas sasamarTloSi sarCelis Setanis Sesaxeb iReben TviTon dainteresebuli pirebi (mxareebi). es maTi fundamenturi uflebaa. aqedan gamomdinare, pirs, romelsac Seaqvs sarCeli sxva piris uflebis dasacavad (warmomadgeneli) saTanadod, e. i. kanonis moTxovnaTa dacviT unda hqondes gaformebuli specialuri uflebamosileba amisaTvis (ix. 98-e muxlis komentari). _ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT `piri, romelsac ar aqvs uflebamosileba sxva piris uflebis dasacavad sarCelis aRZvraze da arasaTanado mxare, kerZod, arasaTanado mosarCele. arasaTanado mosarCele _ es iseTi piria, romelic mimarTavs sasamarTlos sarCeliT Tavisi uflebis dasacavad, Tumca ufleba, romlis dacvasac igi moiTxovs, sinamdvileSi ekuTvnis ara mas, aramed sxvas. es is SemTxvevaa, romelsac SeiZleba vuwodoT Secdoma uflebaSi. rac Seexeba arauflebamosil pirs _ es iseTi piria, romelic aRZravs sarCels ara Tavisi, aramed sxva piris uflebis dasacavad. kanons es savsebiT dasaSvebad miaCnia, magram moiTxovs aseTi uflebamosilebis saTanadod gaformebas (98-e muxli). T) sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac mosarCele ar Seavsebs sasamarTlos mier miTiTebul xarvezs daniSnul vadaSi (ix. 185-e muxlis komentari). 2. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlili sarCelis uflebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi wanamZRvrebis arsebobis Tu ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi mosamarTles gamo325 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali aqvs ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. Tu sarCelis miRebaze uari eTqva am muxlis `a~, `b~ da `d~ punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT, maSin mosarCeles ar SeuZlia kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos igive sarCeliT. uaris Tqma sarCelis miRebaze am muxliT gaTvalisiwinebuli nebismieri sxva safuZvliT xels ar uSlis mosarCeles kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos igive sarCeliT, Tu isini acilebuli iqneba. _ sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (187-e muxli). _ Tu sasamarTlom SecdomiT miiRo sarCeli, romelic ar unda mieRo da sarCelis uflebis wanamZRvrebis arseboba-ararseboba gamovlinda mas Semdeg, roca sarCeli warmoebaSi iqna miRebuli, kanoni TviTon gansazRvravs am Secdomis gamosworebis saSualebebs: imis mixedviT, Tu romeli winamZRvari arsebobs, mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, an sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (ix. 187-e muxlis komentari). sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi mosarCeles ubrundeba mis mier Setanili saxelmwifo baJi. muxli 187. ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb 1. sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb mosamarTle gamoitans dasabuTebul ganCinebas. Tu sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqma motivirebulia imiT, rom es sarCeli am sasamarTlos gansjadi ar aris, mosamarTle valdebulia miuTiTos Tavis ganCinebaSi, Tu romel sasamarTlos mimarTos mosarCelem. ganCinebaSi unda mieTiTos agreTve, Tu rogor unda iqnes acilebuli saqmis aRZvris damabrkolebeli garemoebani. 2. sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb 326 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari mosamarTlis ganCineba Cabardeba mosarCeles, romelsac imavdroulad ubrundeba mis mier Setanili sabuTebi. Tu sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis safuZvlebi gamovlindeba am sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg, maSin imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria es safuZveli, sasamarTlo Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas an sarCels ganuxilvelad datovebs (am kodeqsis 272-e da 275-e muxlebi). 3. sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqma niSnavs uflebis dacvaze da saerTod, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaze uaris Tqmas. aseT SemTxvevaSi piri rCeba samarTlebrivi dacvis miRma. cxadia, rom sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmas sasamarTlo gansakuTrebuli sifrTxiliT unda moekidos. 1. SemTxveviTi araa is, rom am muxlis pirveli nawili moiTxovs sarCelze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebis motivirebas (dasabuTebas). am ganCinebis motivireba ki SesaZlebelia 186-e muxlSi miTiTebuli sarCelis uflebis wanamZRvrebis arsebobiT an ararsebobiT, rac naTlad da zustad unda iyos Camoyalibebuli ganCinebaSi. _ sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ganCinebaSi imaze miTiTeba, Tu rogor iqnes acilebuli is winamZRvrebi, ris gamoc aseTi ganCineba iqna gamotanili, am muxlis kategoriuli moTxovnaa, Tumca zogjer es SeuZlebelia. magaliTad, Tu ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb motivirebulia imiT, rom es sarCeli ar eqvemdebareba sasamarTlos uwyebrivad, an kidev, arsebobs am sarCelze gamotanili gadawyvetileba imave mxareebs Soris, maSin wanamZRvrebis Tavidan acileba SeuZlebelia. magram, Tu ganCineba motivirebulia imiT, rom sarCeli Seitana arauflebamosilma pirma, an araqmedunarianma pirma da a. S. maSin sasamar327 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali Tlom unda miuTiTos, rom uflebamosilebis saTanadod gaformebis Semdeg warmomadgenels kvlav SeuZlia Seitanos igive sarCeli, an kidev, qmeduunaros kanonier warmomadgenels, an TviTon mas, Tu sasamarTlos mier is qmedunarianad iqneba kvlav aRiarebuli (327-e muxli). 2. ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb mosarCeles unda Cabardes 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. _ mas ubrundeba agreTve sabuTebi, romlebic Tan erTvoda sarCels, magram ara sasarCelo gancxadeba, romelic ganCinebasTan erTad rCeba saqmeSi. gamonakliss am mxriv warmoadgens sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uarisTqma xarvezis Seuvseblobis gamo. aseT SemTxvevaSi mosarCeles ubrundeba sarCelic (ix. 185e muxli). masve ubrundeba mis mier Setanili saxelmwifo baJic. mniSvnelovania aqve aRiniSnos, rom Tu sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis safuZvlebi gamovlindeba am sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg, maSin imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria es safuZveli, sasamarTlo Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas an sarCels ganuxilvelad datovebs (ix. am kodeqsis 272-e da 275-e muxlebi.) 3. am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana da ganxilva xdeba 414-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. 328 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari T a v i XXII Segebebuli sarGeli muxli 188. Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra 1. mopasuxes ufleba aqvs misTvis sarCelis aslis Cabarebis dRidan saqmis zepiri ganxilvisaTvis winaswari momzadebis damTavrebamde aRZras mosarCelis mimarT Segebebuli sarCeli pirvandel sarCelTan erTad gansaxilvelad. 2. am vadis gaSvebis Semdeg mopasuxes SeuZlia aRZras Segebebuli sarCeli sasamarTlo paeqrobis dawyebamde, Tu saqmis zepiri ganxilvisaTvis winaswari momzadebis damTavrebamde Segebebuli sarCelis wardgena ver moxda sapatio mizeziT. sapatio mizezad CaiTvleba am kodeqsis 215-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi. Segebuli sarCeli SesagebelTan (SepasuxebasTan) erTad mopasuxis sarCelisagan Tavdacvis erT-erTi saSualebaa. Segebebuli sarCeli gansxvavdeba Sesageblisagan: mopasuxis Sesagebeli (Sepasuxeba) yovelTvis mimarTulia sarCelis faqtobrivi an iuridiuli dasabuTebulobis gaqarwylebisaken. Segebebuli sarCelic zogjer igive mizansac SeiZleba isaxavdes, magram zogjer piriqiT, igi pirdapir Tu arapirdapir ZiriTadi sarCelis aRiarebasac niSnavs. magaliTad, rodesac Segebebuli sarCeli mimarTulia ZiriTadi sasarCelo moTxovnis CasaTvlelad, mopasuxe ar uaryofs am moTxovnis dasabuTebulobas; misi mizania mxolod is, rom sasamarTlom es Segebebuli moTxovna CauTvalos mosarCeles mis ZiriTad moTxovnaSi. garda amisa, Segebe329 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali buli sarCeliT mopasuxe ara marto icavs Tavs ZiriTadi sarCelisagan, aramed imavdroulad icavs Tavis pirad uflebasac. praqtikaSi arc ise iSviaTia SemTxveva, roca yovelgvari dasabuTebis gareSe gadawyvetilebiT uari eTqva mopasuxes Segebebuli sarCelis dakmayofilebaze, sakasacio sasamarTlom araerTgzis miuTiTa, rom sasamarTlom unda imsjelos am sarCelebis safuZvlianobis Sesaxeb da gamoitanos maT mimarT motivirebuli gadawyvetileba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es iqneba ssk 394-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqtis safuZvelze misi gauqmebis absoluturi safuZveli.23 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs vadas, romlis ganmavlobaSic mopasuxes SeuZlia aRZras Segebebuli sarCeli. es vada emTxveva saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis vadas. _ saqmis momzadeba damTavrebulad iTvleba im momentidan, roca mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (207e muxli). 2. am ganCinebis gamotanis Semdeg mopasuxes SeuZlia aRZras Segebebuli sarCeli sasamarTlo paeqrobis dawyebamde, Tu daamtkicebs, rom Tavis droze (ix. am muxlis pirveli nawili) igi ver aRiZra sapatio mizeziT. mizezis sapatioba, amrigad, aris ara Segebebuli sarCelis miRebis (189-e muxli), aramed misi aRZvris winapiroba. aris Tu ara Segebebuli sarCelis droulad aRuZvrelobis mizezi sapatio _ gadawyvets sasamarTlo. (ix. 215-e muxlis me-3 nawilis komentari). paeqrobis dawyebis Semdeg Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra dauSvebelia. 23 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze,2001,#6,gv. 564. 330 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 189. Segebebuli sarCelis miRebis pirobebi 1. Segebebuli sarCelis wardgena SeiZleba sarCelis wardgenis Sesaxeb arsebuli wesebis dacviT. 2. miiRebs Segebebul sarCels, Tu: a) Segebebuli sarCelis moTxovna mimarTulia pirvandeli moTxovnis CasaTvlelad; b) Segebebuli sarCelis dakmayofileba mTlianad an nawilobriv gamoricxavs pirvandeli sarCelis dakmayofilebis SesaZleblobas; g) Segebebul sarCelsa da pirvandel sarCels Soris aris urTierTkavSiri da maTi erTad ganxilvis Sedegad aRZruli dava ufro swrafad da sworad gadawydeba. 3. pirvandeli da Segebebuli sarCelis erTad ganxilvis Sedegad sasamarTlos gamoaqvs erToblivi gadawyvetileba, garda 245-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswnebuli SemTxvevebisa. 1. Segebebuli sarCeli _ Cveulebrivi sarCelia. Segebebuli mas imitom ewodeba, rom igi aRiZvris sxva ZiriTadi (Tavdapirveli) sarCelis gamo, Tumca rom ara es ZiriTadi sarCeli, igi SeiZleba aRZruliyo rogorc damoukidebeli da ZiriTadi sarCeli. _ amitom, Segebebul sarCels waeyeneba igive moTxovnebi, rac nebismier sxva sarCels. kerZod, misi Sinaarsi unda Seesabamebodes 178-e da 179-e muxlis moTxovnebs, agreTve unda pasuxobdes 186-e muxlis moTxovnebs, garda am muxlis `e~ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli pirobisa gansjadobis Sesaxeb, radgan Segebebuli sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras im sasamarTloSi, romelic ixilavs Tavdapirvel sarCels. 2. garda sarCelis dasaSvebobisa da sarCelis miRe331 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali bis saerTo pirobebisa, Segebebuli sarCeli unda pasuxobdes am muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebul specialur (damatebiT) pirobebs. es pirobebia: a) Segebebuli sarCelis moTxovna mimarTulia pirvandeli sasarCelo moTxovnis CasaTvlelad. _ magaliTad, aRZrulia sarCeli zaralis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb 1000 laris odenobiT. mopasuxem aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli da moiTxova mosarCelisagan 800 laris gadaxdevineba, rac mas sesxis saxiT hqonda gacemuli mosarCelisaTvis. amasTan erTad, mopasuxem sTxova sasamarTlos CauTvalos aRniSnuli 800 lari zaralis anazRaurebaSi da daakisros mas 200 laris mosarCelis sasargeblod gadaxda. valdebulebis Sewyveta CaTvliT gaTvaliswinebulia samoqalaqo kodeqsis 442-e muxliT.24 b) Segebebuli sarCelis dakmayofileba mTlianad an nawilobriv gamoricxavs pirvandeli sarCelis dakmayofilebis SesaZleblobas. magaliTad, aRZrulia sarCeli binis damqiraveblis binidan gamosaxlebis Sesaxeb, im motiviT, rom igi uars ambobs gadaixados qira. mopasuxem aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli, raTa igi cnon sadavo binis mesakuTred (an TanamesakuTred). cxadia, rom Tu Segebebuli sarCeli dakmayofildeba da mopasuxe cnobili iqneba binis mesakuTred, maSin gamoiricxeba pirvandeli sarCelis dakmayofileba. g) Segebebul da pirvandel sarCelebs Soris aris urTierTkavSiri. _ magaliTad, nivTis mimbarebelma aRZra sarCeli am nivTis Semnaxvelis mimarT Sesanaxad mibarebuli nivTis ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb. Semnaxvelma Tavis mxriv aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli SenaxvisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis 1000 laris odenobiT nivTis mimbarebelze dakisrebis Sesaxeb (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 776-e muxli). aq urTierTkavSiri pirvandel sarCelsa da Segebebuli sarCels Soris aSkaraa. 24 ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mesame, Tb.,2001,gv.544 332 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari _ sasamarTlos ganCinebaze Segebebuli sarCelis umoZraod datovebis Sesaxeb, an kidev, ganCinebaze Segebebuli sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Setanil iqnes kerZo saCivari. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aRniSnuli ganCinebebi gamotanilia dagvianebiT aRZruli Segebebuli sarCelebis mimarT (magaliTad, saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dros) _ es ver gaxdeba saqmis ganxilvis, anu sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis gadadebis sababi. sasamarTlom unda gaagrZelos saqmis ganxilva da gamoitanos gadawyvetileba, xolo Tu Semotanili iyo kerZo saCivari, igi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes gasaCivrebul sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebasTan erTad. sasamarTloebma ar unda dauSvan, rom Segebebuli sarCelebi gamoyenebul iqnes saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT. _ rac Seexeba saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, e. i. droulad aRZrul Segebebul sarCelebze gamotanil ganCinebebze Semotanil kerZo saCivrebs, isini ganxilul unda iqnes kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (414-420-e muxlebi). 3. Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris erT-erTi mTavari mizania maTi erTad ganxilva da erToblivad gadawyveta. magram SeiZleba ise moxdes, rom, yvelaferi garkveulia erT-erTis mimarT, magram araa garkveuli meoris mimarT. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos ara erToblivi, aramed gadawyvetileba erT-erTis mimarT romelic mzadaa gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad (245-e muxli), ris Sesaxebac man unda miuTiTos Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi. erT-erT saqmeze sakasacio sasamarTlom gaauqma gadawyvetileba im motiviT, rom `sasamarTlom miiRo gadawyvetileba mxolod ZiriTadi sarCelis mimarT da araferi Tqva Segebebul sarCelze, riTac daarRvia ssk 189-e muxli~.25 25 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001, #6, gv.564. 333 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 190. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris gamo 1. Tu Segebebuli sarCeli aRZruli da miRebulia saqmis winaswari momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, mosarCelis TxovniT an sasamarTlos iniciativiT SeiZleba am saqmis ganxilvis sxva droisaTvis gadadeba. 2. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebiT gamowveuli xarjebi daekisreba mopasuxes, romelmac dagvianebiT aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli. 1. Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra dasaSvebia saqmis winaswari momzadebis damTavrebamde, e. i, saqmis mTavar sxdomaze daniSvnis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanamde. am vadis gasvlis Semdeg Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra dasaSvebia mxolod im pirobiT Tu es vada sapatio mizeziT iyo gaSvebuli (188-e muxli). Tu am moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlom miiRo Segebebuli sarCeli saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, e. i. mas Semdeg, roca miRebulia ganCineba saqmis mTavar sxdomaze daniSvnis Sesaxeb, an saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dros, sasamarTlom SeiZleba gadados am saqmis ganxilva sxva droisaTvis. gadadeba SeiZleba moxdes im motiviT, rom saWiroa Segebebuli sarCelis gansaxilvelad momzadeba, magram Tu Tavdapirveli mosarCele ar moiTxovs gadadebas da arc sasamarTlos miaCnia aucileblad _ saqmis ganxilva SeiZleba ar gadaidos. 2. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba SeiZleba dakavSirebuli iyos garkveul xarjebTan, romlebic gamowveulia mowmeTa ganmeorebiT gamoZaxebiT, axali mowmeebis mowveviT, axali mtkicebulebebis gamoTxoviT, Tarjimnis ganmeorebiT mowveviT da a. S. yvela am xarjis dafarvis movaleoba daekisreba mopasuxes, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu man dagvianebiT aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli. 334 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari T a v i XXIII sarGelis uzrunvelyofa muxli 191. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb 1. mosarCeles SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebiT, romelic unda Seicavdes miTiTebas im garemoebebze, romelTa gamoc uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa miuRebloba gaaZnelebs an SeuZlebels gaxdis gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas da Sesabamis dasabuTebas, Tu uzrunvelyofis romeli RonisZiebis gatareba miaCnia mosarCeles aucileblad. Tu sasamarTlos gauCndeba dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa miuRebloba gaaZnelebs an SeuZlebels gaxdis gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas, mas gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. 2. gancxadebas, romliTac piri iTxovs uZrav qonebaze yadaRis dadebas, unda daerTos cnoba sajaro reestridan an Sesabamisi dokumenti, romliTac dasturdeba uZrav qonebaze mopasuxis sakuTrebis ufleba. 3. Tu sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebas ar axlavs am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli cnoba sajaro reestridan an Sesabamisi dokumenti, anda saxelmwifo baJi ar aris gadaxdili, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba xarvezis Taobaze da ganmcxadebels aZlevs vadas mis Sesavsebad. daniSnul vadaSi xarvezis Seuvseblobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT gancxadebas ganuxilvelad datovebs, rac gasaCivrdeba saCivriT. 335 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 1. sarCelis uzrunvelyofa esaa gadawyvetilebis realurad aRsrulebisaTvis mosalodneli dabrkolebis Tavidan acileba, mopasuxis mier Tavisi qonebis an fuladi saxsrebis gankargvis uflebis SezRudvis gziT. sarCelis uzrunvelyofa sasamarTlos iniciativiT dauSvebelia. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Seitanos ara marto mosarCelem, aramed mesame pirma damoukidebeli moTxovniT, agreTve mopasuxem , Tu man aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli da moiTxovs mis uzrunvelyofas. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, garda yvela sxva saxis gancxadebisaTvis saWiro rekvizitebisa, unda Seicavdes miTiTebas: a) im faqtobriv garemoebebze, romelTa gamo uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebis miuRebloba gaarTulebs an SeuZlebels gaxdis gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas; b) miTiTebas mowinaaRmdege mxaris im qonebaze an fulad saxsrebze (angariSebze bankSi da sxva), romelTa mimarT unda moxdes uzrunvelyofa ; g) miTiTebas uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebze, romlis gatarebac ganmcxadebels miaCnia aucileblad. sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu sarCelis uzrunvelyofis romeli RonisZieba unda iqnes gamoyenebuli, wyvets sasamarTlo mosarCelis gancxadebis Sesabamisad (ix. 198-e muxlis pirveli nawili). aqedan gamomdinare, mosamarTlem unda ganixilos mxolod mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. Tu aseTi ganxilvis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom es RonisZieba ver uzrunvelyofs gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas, gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ar kmayofildeba. 2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofa SeiZleba gatardes im qonebaze, romelic ekuTvnis mopasuxes. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs mtkicebulebebs, romelTa meSveobiT SeiZleba mopasuxis sakuTrebis uflebis dadas336 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari tureba mxolod mis uZrav qonebaze. mopasuxis sxva qonebaze sakuTrebis uflebis dadasturebisaTvis mtkicebulebaTa saxeebi winaswar gansazRvruli araa, rac imas niSnavs, rom SeiZleba nebismieri mtkicebulebis gamoyeneba. sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon is garemoeba, rom „uZrav nivTebze uflebaTa registraciis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis me-10 muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad „amonaweri sajaro reestridan ZalaSia gacemis momentidan 10 kalendaruli dRis vadaSi“. am vadiT unda ganisazRvros sajaro reestris mier gacemuli cnobis Zalac, Tu aseTi cnoba iyo warmodgenili. 3. am muxlis me-3 nawili moiTxovs, rom Tu sakiTxi exeba mopasuxis uZrav qonebaze uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gatarebas, maSin gancxadebas aucileblad unda daerTos am muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebuli mtkicebulebebi, Tu es mtkicebulebebi ar erTvis gancxadebas, an Tu saxelmwifo baJi araa gadaxdili, sasamarTlo uniSnavs vadas ganmcxadebels Seavsos xarvezi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gancxadebas ganuxilvelad datovebs. SeiZleba wamoiWras sakiTxi ra saxelmwifo baJi igulisxmeba aq: saxelmwifo baJi, romelsac mosarCele ixdis winaswar sarCelis ganxilvisaTvis (38-e muxlis „a“ qvepunqti), Tu damatebiT kidev gancxadebisaTvis sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. SeiZleboda gvefiqra da ufro swori iqneboda Tu praqtika am gziT wavidoda, rom aq mxedvelobaSia jer ar aRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze baJis gadaxda (192-e muxli), romlis odenoba Seadgens 50 lars (39-e muxlis „e“ qvepunqti). saqme isaa, rom Tu sarCeli aRZrulia da warmoebaSia miRebuli, amisaTvis mosarCele winaswar ixdis baJs. am sarCelis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT calkeuli saproceso moqmedebebis SesrulebisaTvis, maT Soris sarCelis uzrunvelyofisaTvis, mosarCele baJs aRar unda ixdides. 337 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 191-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi, agreTve momdevno muxlebSi miTiTebulia sasamarTlo ganCinebaTa „saCivriT gasaCivrebaze“, an „saCivris Setanaze“. ra aris es saCivris axali saxe Tu igive kerZo saCivari? amis Sesaxeb ixileT 197-e da 1971 muxlebis komentari. muxli 192. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTloSi sarCelis aRZvramde 1. gancxadeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi sarCelis aRZvramde. 2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli gancxadebis sasamarTlos mier dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo sarCelis SetanisaTvis daniSnavs gonivrul vadas, magram aranakleb 5 da ara umetes 10 dRisa ganCinebis mxarisTvis Cabarebis momentidan. Tu sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Semtani piri ar aRZravs sarCels, sasamarTlo Tavisi iniciativiT an mowinaaRmdege mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad mis mier miRebuli RonisZiebebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. 1. jer ar aRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadeba SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi mxolod `gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi~. _ gadaudebeli SemTxveva SeiZleba sxvadasxva garemoebiT iyos gamowveuli (qonebis mosalodneli gayidva, gaCuqeba, xSirad fiqtiuri gasxviseba, gadamalva da a. S.), magram ra garemoebiTac ar unda iyos gamow- 338 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari veuli, ganmcxadebelma unda daamtkicos jer ar aRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis gadaudebloba. 2. jer araRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofisas Tavisi iniciativiT sasamarTlo daniSnavs gonivrul vadas, romlis ganmavlobaSic, Tu ganmcxadebeli ar aRZravs sarCels, gamotanili iqneba ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. aRsaniSnavia, rom gonivruli vadis farglebi gansazRvra TviTon kanonmdebelma (aranakleb 5 da araumetes 10 dRisa). sasamarTlos SeuZlia am farglebSi gansazRvros im sarCelis Setanis vada, romelic mis aRZvramde iyo uzrunvelyofili. _ ganCinebaSi jer araRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb unda aRiniSnos ara marto imis Sesaxeb, rom uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba gauqmdeba, Tu am ganCinebiT daniSnul vadaSi sarCeli ar iqneba aRZruli, aramed imis Sesaxebac, rom ganmcxadebels daevaleba im zaralis anazRaureba, rac miadga mowinaaRmdege mxares uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebis gatarebiT (199-e muxlis me-2 nawili). muxli 193. gancxadebis ganxilvis wesi gancxadebas sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gadawyvets am sarCelis ganmxilveli sasamarTlo gancxadebis Setanidan erTi dRis vadaSi, mopasuxisTvis Seutyobineblad. sarCelis uzrunvelyofa, SeiZleba iTqvas, swrafi (daCqarebuli) procesia. mosamarTles, mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowvevisa da monawileobis gareSe gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. aseve swrafad da dauyovnebliv, e. i. misi gamotanisTanave ganCineba, Tu am ganCinebiT dadginda sarCelis uzrunvelyofa, unda Cabardes (gaegzavnos) mowinaaRmdege mxares, raTa man SeZlos gaasaCivros igi, an moiTxovos sxva saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba. 339 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 194. ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb 1. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic unda upasuxebdes ganCinebisaTvis 285-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs da romelSic unda mieTiTos, uzrunvelyofis romeli konkretuli RonisZieba SearCia sasamarTlom. 2. sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad gamotanil ganCinebaze mopasuxes SeuZlia Seitanos saCivari, romelic unda Seicavdes: a) sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad gamotanili ganCinebis zust dasaxelebas; b) miTiTebas, Tu ra zomiT unda gauqmdes an Seicvalos ganCineba uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb; g) garemoebebs, romelTa gamoc unda gauqmdes an Seicvalos ganCineba uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. 3. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivrebis vada Seadgens xuT dRes. am vadis gagrZeleba ar SeiZleba da misi dena iwyeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis mopasuxisaTvis gadacemis momentidan. 4. saCivris Setana ver SeaCerebs uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aRsrulebas, magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia garkveuli droiT SeaCeros aRsruleba an gaauqmos uzrunvelyofisaTvis ukve miRebuli RonisZiebebi. 5. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebis daukmayofileblobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis Taobaze. sasamarTlosTvis imave saganze da imave safuZvliT 340 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari xelmeored mimarTvis SemTxvevaSi miiReba ganCineba gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, rac gasaCivrdeba saCivriT. 1. garda saerTo monacemebisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes ganCineba (285-e muxli), ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb unda Seicavdes: a) uzrunvelyofis romeli konkretuli RonisZieba gaatara sasamarTlom (198-e muxli); b) im qonebis adgilmdebareobas da individualur niSnebs, romelTa mimarTac gatarda RonisZieba; g) TiToeuli nivTis srul da zust saxelwodebas, maT wonas, parametrebs da a. S. _ ganCinebis sarezolucio nawili unda Seicavdes miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom igi dauyonebliv unda aRsruldes, agreTve gasaCivrebis vadas (195-e muxli). 2. saCivari uzrunvelyofis Taobaze sasamarTlo ganCinebis gauqmebis Tu Secvlis Sesaxeb, garda yvela aseTi saCivris saerTo rekvizitebisa, unda Seicavdes im garemoebebze miTiTebas, romelTa safuZvelzec unda gauqmdes an Seicvalos ganCineba. am garemoebaTa damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba momCivans. 3. vinaidan, sarCelis uzrunvelyofis mizniT saqmis warmoeba daCqarebuli warmoebaa (193-e muxli), am muxlis me-3 nawilic iTvaliswinebs saCivris Setanis Semoklebul xuTdRian vadas, maSin rodesac kerZo saCivris Setanis saerTo vadaa 12 dRe (416-e muxli). es vada iwyeba ganCinebis gamocxadebis momentidan, Tu eswreboda mowinaaRmdege mxare, an im droidan, roca mopasuxes (mowinaaRmdege mxares) Cabarda ganCineba 7078-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. 4. saCivris Setana avtomaturad ar aCerebs uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gatarebas. sasamarTlos momCivanis gancxadebiT SeuZlia gamoitanos ganCineba uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmebis an misi gatarebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb. Tavis mxriv am ganCinebazec SeiZleba saCivris Setana (197-e muxli). uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmebis (moxsnis) Se341 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali saxeb ganCineba sasamarTlom mxareTa TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT unda gadaugzavnos Sesabamis maregistrirebel organoebs im SezRudvebis moxsnis mizniT, rac uzrunvelyofis gauqmebuli RonisZiebiT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. 5. sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebis gamotanis Semdeg mxares ufleba ar aqvs kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos imave saganze da imave safuZvliT, xolo Tu mimarTavs sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, romelzec SeiZleba saCivris Setana. muxli 195. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aRsruleba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebis aRsruleba dauyovnebliv xorcieldeba, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisaTvis dadgenili wesiT. _ ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb marTalia dauyovnebliv unda aRsruldes, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom igi dauyovnebliv Sedis kanonier ZalaSi. miuxedavad am ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebuli uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebisa, misi gasaCivreba SeiZleba 5 dReSi mopasuxisaTvis am ganCinebis gadacemis dRidan, rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia 194-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT (ix. am muxlis komentari). _ radgan uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aRsruleba warmoebs gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisaTvis dadgenili wesiT, sasamarTlom unda gasces saaRsrulebo furceli misi gamotanisTanave. saaRsrulebo furceli ganCinebasTan erTad gadaecema mxares saaRsrulebo biuroSi warsadgenad. 342 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 196. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis Secvla meoriT 1. mxareTa TxovniT dasaSvebia sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoriT Secvla. 2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoriT Secvlis sakiTxis ganxilva dasaSvebia saqmis yvela stadiaze, ris Sesaxebac ecnobebaT mxareebs, magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs am sakiTxis gadawyvetas. 3. fuladi Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb sarCelis uzrunvelyofisas mopasuxes SeuZlia miRebul uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa nacvlad mosarCelis mier moTxovnili Tanxa Seitanos sasamarTlos sadepozito angariSze. 1. gancxadebiT sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoreTi Secvlis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos SeuZlia mimarTos rogorc mosarCelem, ise mopasuxem. magaliTad, sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebad sasamarTlom gamoiyena yadaRa. dainteresebulma mxarem moiTxova misi Secvla garkveuli moqmedebis Sesrulebis akrZalviT (magaliTad, binis gaqiravebis) am binaSi saremonto samuSaoebis Catarebis akrZalva da a. S.). 2. gancxadeba uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoreTi Secvlis Sesaxeb dasaSvebia procesis nebismier stadiaze, magram es srulebiTac ar niSnavs imas, rom es wesi gamoyenebul iqnes saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT. amitom, sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos gansaxilvelad aseTi gancxadebebi, Tu isini sapatio mizezis gareSe ar iyo aRZruli saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (215-e muxli). 3. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mopasuxe mxare Seitans sasamarTlos sadepozito angariSze Tanxas im odenobiT, ra odenobiTac aRZrulia sarCeli (an jer araRZ- 343 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ruli sarCeli), sasamarTlom unda Secvalos uzrunvelyofis mis mier miRebuli RonisZieba. muxli 197. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gasaCivreba 1. sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis, sarCelis uzrunvelyfois gauqmebis an sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoriT Secvlis Sesaxeb gamotanil ganCinebaze SeiZleba saCivris Setana. ganCinebis gasaCivrebis vada Seadgens xuT dRes. am vadis gagrZeleba ar SeiZleba da misi dena iwyeba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis mxarisTvis gadacemis momentidan. 2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis an sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoriT Secvlis Sesaxeb gamotanil ganCinebaze saCivris Setana SeaCerebs am ganCinebis aRsrulebas. 1. 197-e muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs im ganCinebaTa wres, romlebzec SeiZleba saCivris Setana, vadas romlis ganmavlobaSiac SeiZleba am saCivris Setana da moments, saidanac iwyeba gasaCivrebis vada. gasaCivrebis vada am muxlis Tanaxmad iwyeba im momentidan, rodesac mxares gadaeca ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis an ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis erTi saxis meoriT Secvlis Sesaxeb. marTalia 197-e muxlSi amis Sesaxeb araa miTiTebuli, magram rogorc es dadgenilia sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa gasaCivrebisa (369-e muxlis me-2 nawili) da kerZo saCivris Setanis vadebis mimarT (416-e muxli), Tu zemoT miTiTebuli ganCinebebis gamocxadebas eswreboda gasaCivrebis uflebis mqone piri, maSin maTi gasaCivrebis vada (da ara am vadis dena ix. me-60 muxli) iwyeba am ganCinebebis gamocxadebis dRidan. 344 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gasaCivreba avtomaturad ver SeaCerebs am ganCinebis aRsrulebas (194-e muxlis me-4 nawili), magram sarCelis uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis an erTi saxis meoriT Secvlis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze saCivris Setana avtomaturad SeaCerebs am ganCinebis aRsrulebas, ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba („ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis (Secvlis) Taobaze gamotanili ganCinebis aRsrulebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb“), rac dauyonebliv unda ecnobos saaRsrulebo oganoebs, Tu isini ukve Seudgnen gauqmebuli (Secvlili) ganCinebis aRsrulebas. es imas niSnavs, rom ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis (Secvlis) Sesaxeb SeiZleba aRsruldes mis kanonieri ZalaSi Sesvlis an saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Semdeg. XXIII Tavi, romelic sarCelis uzrunvelyofas eZRvneba, kerZod 191-e muxlis me-3 nawili, 194-e muxlis me-2, me-4 da me-5 nawilebi, 197-e muxli, 1971 muxli iTvaliswinebs Sesabamisi ganCinebebis gasaCivrebas ara kerZo saCivriT, aramed am ganCinebebis „saCivriT gasaCivrebas“, „saCivris Setanas“ da a.S. aseTma siaxlem ar unda gamoiwvios raime praqtikuli gaugebroba: saCivars mxolod imitom ewodeboda da ewodeba „kerZo“, rom sasamarTlos mier ganCinebis formiT gamotanili dadgenileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis formiT miRebuli dadgenilebisagan gancalkevebiT da misgan damoukideblad. sxva aranairi datvirTva sityva „kerZos“, romelic win uswrebs sityva „saCivars“ (kerZo saCivari) - ar aqvs. magram am SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRebi da praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania is, rom sarCelis uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebiT miRebul ganCinebebze Setanili saCivrebis ganxilvisaTvis kanonmdebelma mTlianad SeinarCuna is wesi, romelic arsebobda kerZo saCivrebis ganxilvisaTvis, xolo kerZo saCivrebis ganxilvis wesebSi Seitana cvlilebebi. 345 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali amJamad, kerZo saCivars veRar ganixilavs gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtani sasamarTlo da igi saqmesTan erTad dauyonebliv unda gadaegzavnos zemdgom sasamarTlos (ix. 1971-e da 417-e muxlebis komentari). muxli 1971. sasamarTlos mier saCivris warmoebaSi miReba da ganxilva, saCivrisa da saqmis masalebis gadagzavna zemdgom sasamarTloSi 1. sasamarTlo saCivars warmoebaSi iRebs Sesabamisi instanciis sasamarTlosaTvis am kodeqsiT gaTaliswinebuli wesebis Tanaxmad. 2. Tu sasamarTlo saCivars dasaSvebad da dasabuTebulad miiCnevs, igi akmayofilebs mas. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saCivari saqmis masalebTan erTad sasamarTlo ganCinebis safuZvelze gaegzavneba zemdgom sasamarTlos ganCinebis miRebidan 5 dRis vadaSi. 3. saCivris ganxilvis vada ar unda aRematebodes misi warmoebaSi miRebidan 20 dRes. 4. zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloSi saCivari ganixileba am kodeqsis 419-e da 420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesebiT. 1. am muxlSi pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sarCelis uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebiT gamotanil ganCinebebze Setanili saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis wess: Tu aseTi saCivari Sedis pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi, maSin es sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs im wesebiT, rac am sasamarTlosaTvis aris dadgenili, Tu saCivari Sedis saapelacio an sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi, maSin es sasamarTloebi am saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis dros xelmZRvaneloben im wesebiT, romlebic am sasamarTloebisaTvis aris gansazRvruli. amasTan erTad, unda aRiniSnos, rom saapelacio da 346 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari sakasacio instanciebSi saCivrebis warmoebaSi miRebis pirobebi da wesebi gacilebiT ufro metsa da rTul moTxovnebs Seicavs, vidre es moeTxoveba ganCinebebze Setanil saCivrebs. amitom, aseTi saCivrebis dasaSvebobisa da w armoebaSi miRebisas sasamarTloebma unda Seamowmon: a) pasuxobs Tu ara saCivris Sinaarsi 194-e muxlis me-2 nawilis moTxovnebs; b) Seitana Tu ara saCivari uflebamosilma pirma (414-e muxlis me-2 naw.) g)daculia Tu ara saCivris Setanis vada (194-e muxlis me-3 nawili); d) iTvaliswinebs Tu ara kanoni gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gasaCivrebas (197-e muxli); e) gadaxdilia Tu ara saxelmwifo baJi (38-e muxlis „T“ punqti da 39-e muxlis „d“ punqti). saCivris dasaSvebobisa da warmoebaSi miRebis is pirobebi, romlebic Seuferebeli da Seusabamoa aseTi saCivrisaTvis, magaliTad, 391-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli kasaciis dasaSvebobis pirobebi, ar SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes saCivrebis warmoebaSi miRebisaTvis. am muxlis me-2 nawili sityva-sityviT gadmotanili iqna 417-e muxlidan, rasac aqvs principuli mniSvneloba, saqme isaa, rom 2006 wlis 13 ivlisamde 417-e muxliT damkvidrebuli da Cveni Rrma rwmeniT praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT metad moxerxebuli da mosawoni wesi vrceldeboda yvela kerZo saCivarze. amJamad ki es wesi SeiZleba gavrceldes mxolod sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Taobaze gamotanil ganCinebebze saCivrebis ganxilvis dros. SeuZlebelia avxsnaT am uaRresad mniSvnelovani praqtikuli sakiTxisadmi aseTi midgomis logika. igi ar SeiZleba emsaxurebodes kerZo saCivrebis daCqarebulad ganxilvis interesebs. sxva sakiTxia, rom am normatiul debulebas praqtikaSi ar an ver iyenebdnen. magram amis gamo misi erTi adgilidan meoreSi gadatana da moqmedebis sferos Sekveca (mxolod sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Taobaze 347 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali gamotanil ganCinebebze Setanil saCivrebze gavrceleba), cxadia arafers ar mogvcems.26 rogoria am debulebis arsi? 2. saCivari Setanili unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romlis ganCineba@ saCivrdeba. gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos mxolod erTi uflebamosileba aqvs - daakmayofilos saCivari. magram, Tu saCivari ar daiSveba, vTqvaT imis gamo, rom igi Semotanilia vadis darRvviT an kidev, imis gamo, rom Setanilia araflebamosili piris mier da a.S. an, Tumca dasaSvebia, magram araa dasabuTebuli - maSin sasamarTlo valdebulia gamoitanos ganCineba „saCivris saqmesTan erTad zemdgom sasamarTloSi gadagzavnis Sesaxeb“, romelSic aRniSnuli iqneba, rom sasamarTlom (mosamarTlem) ganixila es saCivari da uari uTxra mis dakmayofilebaze dauSveblobis an dausabuTeblobis gamo. aseTi ganCineba sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom zemdgomma sasamarTlom TviTon ganixilos rogorc am saCivris dasaSvebobis, ise misi dasabuTebulobis sakiTxi da miiRos Tavisi saboloo gadawyvetileba. rac Seexeba qvemdgomi sasamarTlos ganCinebas saCivris zemdgom sasamarTloSi gadagzavnis Sesaxeb, am ganCinebis arc gauqmebisa da arc ZalaSi datovebis aucilebloba ar arsebobs. zemdgomi sasamarTlo ixilavs mxolod saCivars, romlis dakmayofilebazec dauSveblobis an dausabuTeblobis gamo uari Tqva qvemdgomma sasamarTlom. 26 imis gamo, rom samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT damkvidrebuli esa Tu is wesi ar gamoiyeneba praqtikaSi, dauSvebelia am wesis gauqmeba. Tu saqmeTa ganxilvis wesebi gonivrulia, miRebul unda iqnas zomebi, rom es wesebi dainergos. saqarTvelos pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebSi samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis praqtikis analizma gviCvena, rom samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis is modeli, romelic ssk-iT aris damkvi drebuli, ver dainerga, magram amis safuZvelze aravis ar mouTxovia am kodeqsis gauqmeba. ix. T.liluaSvili. samoqalaqo procesis sakiTxebi saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis praqtikaSi. naw. I. Tb. 2002 w. gv.12 348 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 3. 1971-e muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs saCivris ganxilvis vadas (20 dRe). es vada iwyeba saCivris warmoebaSi miRebidan. romeli sasamarTlo iRebs saCivars warmoebaSi? gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos ori saxis gadawyvetileba: erTi - daakmayofilos saCivari, Tu igi dasaSvebi da dasabuTebulia da meore - gadaagzavnos saCivari zemdgom sasamarTloSi, Tu igi araa dasaSvebi an dasabuTebuli. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu saCivari araa dasaSvebi da amitom warmoebaSi misaRebi, man saCivari unda gadaagzavnos zemdgom sasamarTloSi, romelic am sakiTxze iRebs Tavis gadawyvetilebas. amrigad, SeiZleba davaskvnaT: saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis sakiTxs wyvets ara gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlo, aramed zemdgomi sasamarTlo. saCivris ganxilvis 20 dRiani vadac aqedan, e.i. zemdgomi sasamarTlos mier saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis dRidan unda daiwyos. saCivris ganxilvis 20 dRiani vada imaze migvaniSnebs, rom gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtanma sasamarTloebma rac SeiZleba swrafad unda miiRon ganCineba am saCivris dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb an misi zemdgom sasamarTloSi gadagzavnis Sesaxeb. 4. am muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs zemdgom sasamarTlo instanciaSi saCivris ganxilvis wess. kerZod, ganCinebas saCivris Taobaze iRebs zemdgomi sasamarTlo. es ganCineba miiReba saqmis zepiri ganxilvis gareSe, magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos saCivris zepiri ganxilvac (ix. 419-e muxlis komentari). zemdgomi sasamarTlos mier saCivris ganxilvis Sedegad miRebuli ganCineba ar gasaCivrdeba. 349 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 198. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi 1. sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu sarCelis uzrunvelyofis romeli RonisZieba unda iqnes gamoyenebuli, wyvets sasamarTlo mosarCelis gancxadebis Sesabamisad 2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi SeiZleba iyos: a) yadaRis dadeba qonebaze, fasian qaRaldebsa Tu fulad saxsrebze, romlebic mopasuxes ekuTvnis da aris masTan an sxva pirTan; b) mopasuxisaTvis garkveuli moqmedebis Sesrulebis akrZalva; g) mopasuxis davaldebuleba gadasces mis mflobelobaSi arsebuli nivTi sasamarTlo aRmasrulebels sekvestris (qonebis iZulebiTi marTva) saxiT; d) sxva pirebisaTvis akrZalva imisa, rom mopasuxes gadascen qoneba an Seasrulon mis mimarT raime valdebuleba; e) yadaRisagan qonebis gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb sarCelis aRZvris SemTxvevaSi qonebis realizaciis SeCereba; v) saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organos, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTvelobis organos, organizaciis an Tanamdebobis piris sadavo aqtis moqmedebis SeCereba; z) amoRebulia T) amoRebulia 3. sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoiyenos sxva RonisZiebebic, Tu es aucilebelia sarCelis uzrunvelyofisaTvis. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba daSvebul iqnes sarCelis uzrunvelyofis ramdenime saxe. 1. am muxlSi CamoTvlilia sarCelis uzrunvelyo350 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari fis RonisZiebaTa saxeebi, romelic araa amomwuravi. kanonmdebels ar SeeZlo mieTiTebina Tu romel konkretul SemTxvevaSi romeli RonisZieba unda gamoeyenebina sasamarTlos. es sakiTxi TviTon sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria sasarCelo moTxovnis xasiaTi da Sinaarsi an TviTon mosarCelis winadadeba. (ix. 191-e muxlis pirveli nawilis komentari). magaliTad, Tu aRZrulia sarCeli nivTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, am sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad sasamarTlom SeiZleba gamoiyenos yadaRa, romelic SeuzRudavs mopasuxes misi gankargvis (gayidvis, gaCuqebis, gaqiravebis da a. S.) uflebamosilebas. magram, Tu sarCeli aRZrulia raime nawarmoebis (gamogonebis) Tanaavtorad cnobis Sesaxeb, uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebad sasamarTlom SeiZleba gamoiyenos am nawarmoebis gamoqveynebis (danergvis) akrZalva. 2. praqtikaSi yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneben yadaRas. yadaRa _ esaa qonebis aRwera da am qonebis gankargvis (gayidvis, gaCuqebis, gaqiravebis, ijariT gacemis da a. S.) akrZalva. _ yadaRa SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes ara marto qonebriv, aramed araqonebriv davebSic. magaliTad, moraluri zianis anazRaurebis dros, romelic ar ganekuTvneba qonebriv davebs, mopasuxes SeiZleba daekisros fuladi Tanxis gadaxdevineba mosarCelis sasargeblod, ris uzrunvelsayofodac mis qonebas SeiZleba daedos yadaRa. b) es qvepunqti ar Seicavs konkretul miTiTebas Tu raSi SeiZleba gamoixatos moqmedebis akrZalva. praqtikaSi yvelaze gavrcelebulia SemTxveva, rodesac mopasuxes ekrZaleba Seasrulos, xolo Tu dawyebulia gaagrZelos mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli samuSaoebi, raime produqciis gamoSveba da sxva. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis am saxis (moqmedebis akrZalvis) gamoyeneba mTlianad damokidebulia sarCelis xasiaTze, imaze Tu ras moiTxovs mosarCele. g) sekvestri anu qonebis iZulebiTi marTva gaT351 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali valiswinebulia samoqalaqo kodeqsis 310-e muxliT. am muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos nivTis iZulebiTi marTva (sekvestri) mosarCelis gancxadebis safuZvelze.27 `saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 79-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, `mmarTveli ar SeiZleba iyos sasamarTlo aRmasrulebeli, kreditori an gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlos wevri, an am pirebis naTesavi~. aqedan gamomdinare, am muxlis `g~ qvepunqtis miTiTeba, rom mopasuxem gadasces mis mflobelobaSi arsebuli nivTi, `sasamarTlo aRmasrulebels sekvestris (qonebis iZulebiTi marTvis) saxiT~ unda gavigoT ara rogorc am qonebis samarTavad gadacema, aramed rogorc gadacema imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyos (organizacia gaukeTos) am qonebis gadacema (Cabareba) im pirisaTvis, romelic sasamarTlom daniSna mmarTvelad. d) Tu aRmoCndeba, rom mopasuxis qoneba imyofeba sxva pirTan an am sxva pirs ekisreba romelime kanonieri safuZvliT (xelSekrulebiT, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT da sxva) qonebis an fuladi Tanxebis gadacema mopasuxisaTvis, mas SeiZleba aekrZalos mopasuxis sasargeblod Sesabamisi moqmedebis Sesruleba, sanam ar gairkveva sarCelis bedi. e) `saaRsrulebo warmoebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 32-e muxli iTvaliswinebs yadaRisagan qonebis ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb sarCelis aRZvris SesaZleblobas. am sarCelis uzrunvelyofis mizniT sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos sadavo qonebis realizaciis SeCereba. v) am qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli sadavo aqtis moqmedebis SeCereba warmoebs administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis 29-30-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.28 27 28 ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meore, Tb., 1999, gv.318 ix. saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis komentari, gv.158-170 352 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis aq CamoTvlili RonisZiebebis wre sakmaod farToa, magram araa amomwuravi da sasamarTlos SeuZlia sxva RonisZiebebis gamoyenebac an erTdroulad ramdenime RonisZiebis gatareba. muxli 199. sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT gamowveuli zaralis anazRaureba 1. Tu sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gamoyenebiT mopasuxes SeiZleba miadges zarali, mas SeuZlia gamoiyenos sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba da imavdroulad mosTxovos pirs, romelmac mimarTa sasamarTlos sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, meore mxarisaTvis mosalodneli zaralis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa. uzrunvelyofis garantia sasamarTlom SeiZleba aseve gamoiyenos mowinaaRmdege mxaris gancxadebis safuZvelze. 2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi piri, romelmac mimarTa sasamarTlos sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, valdebulia 7 dRis vadaSi ganaxorcielos mopasuxisaTvis mosalodneli zaralis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo dauyovnebliv gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb, rac gasaCivrdeba saCivriT. 3. Tu sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad gamoyenebuli RonisZiebebi gaumarTlebeli gamodga imis gamo, rom mosarCeles uari eTqva sarCelze da gadawyvetileba Sevida kanonier ZalaSi, anda imis gamo, rom sasamarTlom 192-e muxlis meore nawilis Sesabamisad gaauqma sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Ro353 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali nisZieba, maSin is mxare, romlis sasargeblodac moxda uzrunvelyofa, valdebulia aunazRauros meore mxares zarali, romelic mas miadga sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad gamoyenebuli RonisZiebis Sedegad. 1. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gatarebam SeiZleba garkveuli ziani miayenos mopasuxes, kanoni icavs aramarto mosarCelis, aramed mopasuxis interesebsac. amitom, pirs, romelic sarCelis uzrunvelyofas moiTxovs, SeiZleba daekisros im mosalodneli zianis (zaralis) anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa, rac SeiZleba miadges mopasuxes sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT. mopasuxisaTvis mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc mopasuxis SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiTac. amasTan, mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa unda gatardes „imavdroulad“ sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gatarebasTan erTad. es imas niSnavs, rom ganCinebaSi sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iyos agreTve imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra moqmedebis Sesruleba daekisra mosarCeles (magaliTad, fuladi Tanxis dadeba da sxva) mopasuxisaTvis mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelsayofad. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb sakiTxi ganxiluli da gadawyvetili iqnes mogvianebiT, maSin saWiro iqneba amis Sesaxeb calke ganCinebis miReba. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi laparakia mosalodnel zianze. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad SerCeulia iseTi RonisZieba, romelic ar miayenebs zians mopasuxes, maSin, cxadia, moixsneba sakiTxi zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxebac (magaliTad, mopasuxes ar ekrZaleba isargeblos nivTiT, gaaqiraos da miiRos sargebeli amisaTvis, magram mas ekrZaleba mxolod gaasxvisos es nivTi saqmis sasamarTloSi gadawyvetamde). 354 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs vadas (7 dRe), romlis ganmavlobaSic mosarCelem unda ganaxorcielos mopasuxisaTvis mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa. aseTi uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes 57-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT fuladi Tanxis an fasiani qaRaldebis saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sadepozito angariSze Setanis gziT, an, kidev TavdebobiT. (ix. 57-e muxlis komentari). mosarCelis mier uzrunvelyofis ganuxorcieleblobas 7 dRian vadaSi, ukavSirdeba seriozuli Sedegi, kerZod: sasamarTlom dauyonebliv unda gamoitanos ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. aseTi gauqmeba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sasamarTlos iniciativiT, an dainteresebuli mxaris SuamdgomlobiT. 3. Tu mosarCeles uari eTqva uzrunvelyofil sarCelze, an gauqmda jer araRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofa imis gamo, rom pirma ar aRZra sarCeli sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi (ix. 192-e muxlis komentari), an, kidev, mas uari eTqva sarCelze da gadawyvetileba Sevida kanonier ZalaSi, maSin mosarCelem unda aunazRauros ziani mopasuxes, Tu igi amas moiTxovs. sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Taobaze mopasuxem unda mimarTos sasamarTlos sarCeliT. masve ekisreba damdgari zianis da misi odenobis damtkicebis tvirTi. faqtiurad, mopasuxisaTvis mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa - esaa im sarCelis uzrunvelyofa, romelic SeiZleba aRZras mopasuxem mosarCelis winaaRmdeg, romlis sarCelis uzrunvelyofis gamo mas miadga ziani. Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs zianis anazRaurebas, an moiTxovs, magram ver daamtkicebs zianis faqts da mis odenobas, ris gamoc sasamarTlo uars etyvis mas sarCelis dakmayofilebaze, maSin Tavdapirvel mosarCeles daubrundeba is Tanxa (fasiani qaRaldebi), rac man Seitana uzrunvelyofis garantiis saxiT, an gauqm355 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali deba sakredito dawesebulebis Tavdeboba, Tu aseTi iyo daSvebuli. muxli 1991. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmeba sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis, sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis an saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT (ganCinebiT) auqmebs am sarCelTan dakavSirebiT gamoyenebul uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebas, rac saCivrdeba am gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gasaCivrebisaTvis kanoniT dadgenili wesiT. am muxlSi laparakia sam sasamarTlo dadgenilebaze, romlebiTac, Tu isini iqneba miRebuli, sasamarTlom imavdroulad, e.i. ise, rom ar daelodos maT kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas, unda gaauqmos sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba. es dadgenilebebia sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uarisTqmis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb da sasamarTlos ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb. esaa kanonis kategoriuli moTxovna, romelic unda ganaxorcielos sasamarTlom Tavisi iniciativiT. mopasuxis gancxadeba amis Sesaxeb araa saWiro. praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania is garemoebac, rom gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, agreTve zemod dasaxelebuli ganCinebebi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes am gadawyvetilebisa da ganCinebebis gasaCivrebisaTvis kanoniT dadgenili wesiT. es imas niSnavs, rom gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, romliTac agreTve 356 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari gauqmda am sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba - SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT; aseve sasamarTlos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (272-e muxli), romliTac agreTve gauqmda sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba, SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT (274-e muxli), xolo sasamarTlos ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (275-e muxli), romliTac gauqmda sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba, SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT (276-e muxli). rogorc vxedavT, Tu uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmeba xdeba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT an ganCinebiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis an sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, maSin es gadawyvetileba da ganCinebebi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes Sesabamisad saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivriT da kerZo saCivriT, magram Tu uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmeba xdeba mopasuxis gancxadebis safuZvelze da sasamarTlos ganCinebiT, maSin es ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saCivriT (197-e muxli). uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba gauqmebulad CaiTvleba mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac kanonier ZalaSi Seva gadawyvetileba (ganCineba), romliTac igi gauqmda. 357 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XXIV saqmis momzadeba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad muxli 200. saqmis momzadebis mizani 1. Tu sarCelis (gancxadebis) miRebis Semdeg saqme mosamarTlis gansaxilvelia, saqmes amzadebs mosamarTle, xolo Tu am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saqme kolegiurma sasamarTlom unda ganixilos, maSin saqmes am sasamarTlos erT-erTi wevri amzadebs, raTa daCqardes misi ganxilva da SesaZlebeli gaxdes erT sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganxilvis damTavreba da saqmis sworad gadawyveta. 2. mosamarTlis davalebiT saqme sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis SeiZleba moamzados mosamarTlis TanaSemwem. 1. saqmis momzadeba SeiZleba daiwyos sarCelis (gancxadebis) warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg (183-e muxli) dauyovnebliv. saqmis momzadebis dawyebis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iyos ganCinebaSi sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb. _ saqmes yovelTvis amzadebs mosamarTle erTpirovnulad, damoukideblad imisa, kolegiuri sasamarTlo ganixilavs am saqmes, Tu mosamarTle erTpirovnulad. _ samoqalaqo saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi SeiZleba or mTavar etapad davyoT. pirveli etapi _ saqmis momzadeba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad, romelsac sxvanairad SeiZleba ewodos mxareTa werilobiTi Sejibreba. meore etapi _ saqmis ganxilva mTavar sxdomaze, romelsac SeiZleba ewodos mxareTa zepiri Sejibreba. 358 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari _ momzadebis etapi unda gaiaros uklebliv yvela saqmem, damoukideblad imisa, rTulia Tu martivi es saqme, xolo momzadebis mizniT unda Sesruldes yvela saproceso moqmedeba, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia am TaviT. _ sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze im saproceso moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis gadatana, romelic unda Sesrulebuliyo saqmis momzadebis etapze dauSvebelia, garda kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa da pirobebisa. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu mTavar sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba xdeba iseTi saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis motiviT (magaliTad, damatebiTi mtkicebulebebis wardgena, Segebebuli sarCelis miReba, mesame pirebisa Tu Tanamonawileebis Cabma, adgilze daTvaliereba da a. S.), romlebic SeiZleboda da unda Sesrulebuliyo momzadebis etapze _ es imas niSnavs, rom saqme ar iyo saTanadod momzadebuli. momzadebis etapze sasamarTlom sabolood unda daazustos da gansazRvros garemoebebi, romlebzec mxareebi amyareben TavianT moTxovnebsa da Sesagebels (mtkicebis sagani), mtkicebulebebi, romelTa saSualebiT mxareebs surT am garemoebebis damtkiceba (dadastureba), materialur-samarTlebirvi norma (kanoni), romlis gamoyenebiTac unda moxdes dadasturebuli garemoebebis iuridiuli Sefaseba (kvalifikacia) da bolos, am saqmeze gadawyvetilebis winaswari (arasaboloo) proeqti. yovelive es SeiZleba warmatebiT ganxorcieldes, Tu sasamarTlo ganuxrelad ixelmZRvanelebs im normebis danawesiT, romlebic saqmis momzadebas awesrigebs. 2. `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis 73-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad `mosamarTlis TanaSemwe ... amzadebs saqmeebs sasamarTlos sxdomaze gansaxilvelad, mosamarTlis davalebiT asrulebs saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebul sxva movaleobebs~. 359 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali mosamarTlis TanaSemwes SeuZlia mniSvnelovani roli Seasrulos saqmis momzadebaSi, yvela im saproceso moqmedebaTa SesrulebaSi, romlebic xels Seuwyoben am saqmis sworad da droulad gadawyvetas. _ mosamarTlis TanaSemwes, Tu mas daevaleba saqmis momzadeba, SeuZlia miiRos zomebi mxareTa morigebisaTvis, daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma, miiRos ganCinebebi, romelTa gamotana dasaSvebia am sxdomaze (208209-e muxlebi) da a. S. _ TanaSemwis saqmianobas xelmZRvanelobs mosamarTle. muxli 201. sasamarTlos davalebebi mopasuxisadmi 1. saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis mizniT mosamarTle: a) gadaugzavnis mopasuxes sarCelisa (gancxadebis) da am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli sabuTebis aslebs; b) dauniSnavs mopasuxes vadas werilobiT Seadginos Tavisi pasuxi (Sesagebeli) sarCelsa da masSi dasmul sakiTxebze, agreTve Tavisi mosazrebebi sarCelze darTuli sabuTebis Sesaxeb da warudginos isini sasamarTlos. 2. mopasuxis werilobiT pasuxSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) cnobs Tu ara mopasuxe sarCels; b) Tu sarCels ara cnobs, ra konkretul garemoebebs emyareba misi Sesagebeli sarCelis winaaRmdeg; g) ra mtkicebulebebiT SeiZleba damtkicdes es garemoebebi; d) ra saproceso saSualebebiT apirebs mopasuxe sarCelisagan Tavis dacvas, kerZod, xom ar apirebs Segebebuli sarCelis 360 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari aRZvras, xom ar uaryofs sarCelis dasaSvebobas, xom ar eqneba acileba sasamarTlos an mosamarTlis mimarT da a. S.; e) vin SeiZleba Caebas procesSi Tanamonawileebad an mesame pirebad; v) romeli mowme unda iqnes gamoZaxebuli sasamarTlo sxdomaze. a) sasamarTlom sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebisTanave unda daiwyos misi momzadeba, risTvisac igi iRebs ganCinebas sarCelisa da masze darTuli sabuTebis aslebis mopasuxisaTvis gadagzavnis Sesaxeb. mopasuxes unda gadaegzavnos yvela metnaklebad mniSvnelovani werilobiTi masala, romelic Semovida sasamarTloSi mogvianebiT, e.i mas Semdeg, rac miRebuli da gadagzavnili iqna aRniSnuli ganCineba. b) mopasuxis mier werilobiTi pasuxis Sedgenisa da misi sasamarTloSi wardgenis vadas niSnavs mosamarTle. am vadis gansazRvrisas mosamarTlem mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos samoqalaqo saqmeTa sasamarTloSi ganxilvis saerTo vada (59-e muxli) da sarCelis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, dro, romelic saWiro iqneba masze pasuxis gasacemad (werilobiTi Sesageblis Sesadgenad). 2. am muxlis meore nawili Seicavs im sakiTxebis CamonaTvals, romlebzec pasuxis gacema savaldebuloa mopasuxisaTvis. cxadia, mopasuxes SeuZlia ar Semoifarglos am sakiTxebiT da Tavisi iniciativiT dasvas da pasuxi gasces iseT sakiTxebzec, romlebic ar iyo sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi dasmuli. Tavis mxriv, sasamarTloc araa SeboWili 201-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebuli sakiTxebiT da SeuZlia gaafarTovos im sakiTxTa wre, romlebzec mizanSewonilia pasuxi gasces mopasuxem. _ im ukiduresad iSviaT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqmis masalebidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos es mizanSewonilad miaCnia, mopasuxes SeiZleba mieces damatebiTi, magram Semoklebuli vada mis mier arasrulyofi361 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali lad Sedgenili werilobiTi Sesageblis xarvezis Sesavsebad, rac SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiT, rom masSi araa pasuxi sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi dasmul yvela kiTxvaze, an es pasuxebi bundovania ( 203-e muxlis pirveli nawili). _ mopasuxis mier werilobiTi Sesageblis sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi warudgenloba arTmevs mas uflebas Seasrulos es moqmedeba dagvianebiT _ saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg (206-e da 215-e muxlebi), ris Sesaxebac gafrTxilebas unda Seicavdes ganCineba. magaliTad, Tu mopasuxem ar warmoadgina Sesagebeli, an warmoadgina magram ar gasca pasuxi kiTxvaze, xom ar apirebs Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvras, xom ar eqneba acileba mosamarTlis mimarT, an kidev, romeli mowme unda iqnes gamoZaxebuli sasamarTloSi da a. S. maSin saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar daakmayofilos misi Suamdgomlobebi am sakiTxebze (33-e, 188-e 215-e muxlebi). muxli 202. mopasuxis werilobiTi pasuxis gadagzavna mosarCelisaTvis 1. mopasuxis werilobiTi pasuxisa da masze darTuli sabuTebis aslebi unda gadaegzavnos mosarCeles. 2. mosarCeles ufleba aqvs warudginos mosamarTles damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi, agreTve werilobiT acnobos mas Tavisi mosazrebebi mopasuxis werilobiTi pasuxis Taobaze misi miRebidan 5 dRis vadaSi. 1. sarCelisa da masze darTuli sabuTebis aslebis gadagzavna mopasuxisaTvis saSualebas aZlevs mopasuxes icodes ras moiTxovs misgan mosarCele, ra konkretul garemoebebs emyareba misi moTxovna da romeli mtkicebulebebiT apirebs am garemoebebis dadasture- 362 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari bas. amrigad, mopasuxes eZleva sruli SesaZlebloba sarCelisagan TavdacvisaTvis. _ mxareTa Tanasworobis principidan gamomdinare, mosarCelesac aqvs sruli ufleba icodes, Tu romeli saproceso meqanizmebiT apirebs Tavdacvas mopasuxe. swored am mosazrebiTaa nakarnaxevi am muxlis pirveli nawilis kategoriuli moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom mopasuxis werilobiTi pasuxi (Sesagebeli) da masze darTuli sabuTebis aslebi gadaegzavnos mosarCeles. _ mopasuxis mier werilobiTi Sesageblis warudgenloba sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi arRvevs mxareTa Tanasworobis princips, kerZod, araTanabar mdgomareobaSi ayenebs mosarCeles: mopasuxem Seityo yvelaferi da aqvs sruli SesaZlebloba kargad moemzados TavdacvisaTvis, mosarCelem ki ar icis ras apirebs an ra saSualebebis gamoyenebiT apirebs Tavdacvas mopasuxe. _ swored mxareTa aseTi araTanasworobis damkvidrebis Tavidan acilebas emsaxureba danawesebi, romlebic ganmtkicebulia 206-e, 215-e da 219-e muxlebiT da romelTa saerTo azri mdgomareobs imaSi, rom dagvianebiT aRZruli Suamdgomlobebi, an warmodgenili faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi sasamarTlos SeuZlia saerTod ar gaiziaros da ar miiRos. 2. am muxlis meore nawili gansazRvravs vadas, romlis ganmavlobaSic mosarCeles SeuZlia, Tu amas is saWirod Tvlis, warudginos sasamarTlos Tavisi werilobiTi formiT Sedgenili mosazrebebi mopasuxis werilobiT Sesagebelze da im sabuTebze, romlebic erTvis am Sesagebels. am vadaSi mas SeuZlia warudginos sasamarTlos damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi. ise rogorc mopasuxes, am SesaZleblobaTa gamouyenebloba mosarCelesac arTmevs uflebas dagvianebiT, e. i. saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, warudginos sasamarTlos axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi (206-e muxli). 363 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 203. moqmedeba, romelsac asrulebs mosamarTle saqmis momzadebis mizniT 1. sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvisaTvis saqmis mosamzadeblad mosamarTles SeuZlia: a) daavalos mxareebs Seavson, xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ganmarton maT mier warmodgenili werilobiTi masalebi, winadadeba misces maT warmoadginon saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone nivTebi Tu dokumentebi; b) gamoiTxovos mxareTa TxovniT mtkicebulebani sxvadasxva dawesebulebebidan Tu moqalaqeebisagan, romelTa miRebac Tavad mxareebma ver SeZles; g) gadawyvitos sasamarTlo procesSi mesame pirebisa da Tanamonawileebis daSvebis sakiTxi; d) Seamowmos mtkicebulebebi, Tu es sasamarTloSi saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisas Zneli iqneba an gaaWianurebs saqmis ganxilvas; e) Caataros adgilze daTvaliereba; v) misces sasamarTlo davalebebi; z) moaxdinos sarCelis uzrunvelyofa; T) daniSnos eqspertiza, gadawyvitos eqspertis mowvevis sakiTxi; i) gadawyvitos specialistis mowvevis sakiTxi; k) daibaros mowmeebi, agreTve eqspertebi da specialistebi sasamarTlo sxdomis dRisaTvis. 2. mosamarTles SeuZlia sxva moqmedebebis Sesrulebac, romlebic xels Seuwyoben sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad saqmis momzadebas. 364 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 1. es muxli Seicavs im saproceso moqmedebaTa araamomwurav CamonaTvals, romelTa Sesruleba, saqmis xasiaTisa da Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonili da aucilebelia am saqmis saTanadod momzadebis mizniT. _ 203-e muxlis adresatia mosamarTle. aq CamoTvlili saproceso moqmedebebi mosamarTlem unda Seasrulos. saqme isaa, rom samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi marTalia agebulia SejibrebiTobis principze, magram igi Seicavs samZebro principis elementebsac, oRond imis sruli gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ar Seilaxos romelime mxaris interesebi. sasamarTlos iniciativa mxolod kanonis farglebSia dasaSvebi (me-4 muxli). a) mxareebis mier warmodgenili werilobiTi masalebi, magaliTad, mopasuxis werilobiTi Sesagebeli, mosarCelis werilobiTi mosazrebebi am Sesagebelze (202-e muxli), nivTieri Tu werilobiTi sabuTebi, gancxadebebi, Suadgomlobebi da a. S. SeiZleba ar iyos srulyofilad Sedgenili an, saerTod, ar iyos warmodgenili. sasamarTlos SeuZlia winadadeba misces mxareebs Seavson yvela naklovanebebi da xarvezebi, risTvisac daniSnavs vadas. b) mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlos warudgenen mxareebi (103-e muxli). sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia TviTon, Tavisi iniciativiT, daiwyos mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba. mas SeuZlia gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi fizikuri Tu iuridiuli pirebidan mxolod mxareTa TxovniT, romlebmac TviTon, uSualod es ver SeZles ama Tu im mizezis gamo (134-e muxlis me-2 nawili 154-e muxlis me2 nawili); g) saqmis droulad gadawyvetis mizniT sasurvelia, rom damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pirebisa da Tanamonawileebis daSvebis sakiTxi sasamarTlos winaSe daisvas da momzadebis stadiaze gadawydes. am sakiTxebis gadawyvetis dros sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos 86-e da 89-e muxlebiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari). 365 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali d) momzadebis stadiaze mosamarTles SeuZlia miiRos garkveuli zomebi mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebis mizniT, kerZod daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma, raTa gamokiTxos mxareebi saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeb, daniSnos adgilze daTvaliereba, daniSnos eqspertiza, daadginos mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa da a.S. e) adgilze daTvaliereba, roca igi momzadebis stadiaze xdeba da roca amis aucilebloba arsebobs (120-e muxli), saSualebas miscems sasamarTlos Tavidan aicilos saqmis ganxilvis sxva droisaTvis gadadeba da misi gadawyvetis gaWianureba. adgilze daTvaliereba unda ganxorcieldes ssk 120-126-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari). v) garkveuli, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis arsebobisas (ix. 107-e muxlis komentari) mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba SeiZleba daevalos sxva raionis (qalaqis) sasamarTlos, ris Sesaxebac mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba. sasamarTlo davalebebis micema yvelaze ufro mizanSewonilia saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, radgan mTavar sxdomaze aseTi davalebebis micema ueWvelad gamoiwvevs am sxdomis gadadebas da saboloo angariSSi saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebas. z) ise, rogorc nebismieri sxva Suamdgomlobebi, sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobac (gancxadeba) unda aRiZras sasamarTlos winaSe saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. dagvianebiT, e. i. saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg (207-e muxli) sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb Suamdgomloba dasaSvebia, Tu igi ar iyo aRZruli Tavis droze sapatio mizeziT (215-e muxli). sarCelis uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes ssk 191-199-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari). T) eqspertizis daniSvna saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dros yovelTvis iwvevs am saqmis ganxilvis sxva droisaTvis gadadebas da saboloo angariSSi saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebas. amitom, Tu saqmis masalebidan ga366 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari momdinare, saWiroa eqspertizis Catareba, igi unda dainiSnos momzadebis stadiaze. _ eqspertiza SeiZleba dainiSnos rogorc mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiTac, oRond ssk 162-176-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. i) specialisti araa eqsperti da igi ar wers daskvnas. misi mosazrebebi, romlebic SeiZleba aisaxos oqmSi, ar warmoadgens damoukidebel mtkicebulebas. mas iwvevs sasamarTlo mxolod daxmarebis aRmosaCenad (204-e muxli). k) mowmeebis, eqspertebis, specialistebis dabareba SeiZleba mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac mosamarTle saqmes momzadebulad cnobs da daniSnavs mTavar sxdomas (207-e muxli). maTi dabareba SeiZleba moxdes kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (140-e, 168-e da 204-e muxlebi). mowmis dakiTxva momzadebis stadiaze dasaSvebia mxolod ssk147-e, 107-e da 109-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi (ix. am muxlebis komentari). 2. saqmis xasiaTidan da Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, SeuZlebelia yvela im saproceso moqmedebis CamoTvla, romelTa Sesruleba SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes am saqmis momzadebisaTvis. amitom, am muxlis CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi da sasamarTlos sruli ufleba aqvs Seasrulos sxva saproceso moqmedebac, Tu es misi azriT, saWiro da aucilebelia. muxli 204. specialistis mowveva 1. ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebisas (adgilze daTvaliereba, mowmeTa dakiTxva, mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa, gegmebisa da gaangariSebebis Sedgena da a. S.) sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiwvios specialisti. 2. specialistad mowveuli piri valdebulia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi, gauwios mas konsultacia, aRmouCinos teqnikuri daxmareba. 367 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 3. specialistis zepiri konsultacia Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi, xolo misi werilobiTi pasuxebi daerTvis saqmes. specialisti Tavisi saproceso mdgomareobiTa da procesSi monawileobis miznebiT gansxvavdeba eqspertisagan (162-e muxli). eqsperti damoukideblad atarebs eqspertizas (gamokvlevas), wers daskvnas sasamarTlosaTvis saintereso sakiTxebze, romelTa ganmarteba specialur codnas moiTxovs da es daskvna warmoadgens mtkicebis damoukidebel saSualebas (mtkicebulebas), romelsac sasamarTlo Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT afasebs. specialisti ar atarebs eqspertizas, ar adgens daskvnas da ar warmoadgens mtkicebulebis wyaros. misi mizania daxmareba aRmouCinos mosamarTles ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis srulyofilad CatarebaSi. 1. 204-e muxlis pirveli nawili ar Seicavs im saproceso moqmedebaTa amomwurav CamonaTvals, romelTa Sesrulebisas SeiZleba specialistis mowveva. igi SeiZleba mowveul iqnes sxva saproceso moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis drosac, rogoricaa magaliTad eqsperimentis Catareba, nivTier mtkicebulebaTa Senaxva, nimuSebis aReba SedarebiTi gamokvlevebisaTvis da sxva. 2. specialisti valdebulia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi da monawileoba miiRos saproceso moqmedebaTa SesrulebaSi, gamoiyenos Tavisi specialuri codna mtkicebulebaTa gamovlenasa da damagrebaSi, Seadginos, Tu es saWiroa, naxazebi da gegmebi, moaxdinos fotogadaRebebi da a. S. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saWiroa arasrulwlovani mowmis dakiTxva, specialistad SeiZleba mowveuli iqnes pedagogi, romelsac SeuZlia Tavisi rCevebiT daexmaros sasamarTlos aseTi mowmisagan gulwrfeli Cvenebis miRebaSi (152-e muxli). 3. specialistis zepiri konsultaciebi Seitaneba oqmSi, xolo mis mier Sedgenili naxazebi, gaangariSebebi, fotoebi da sxva daerTvis saqmes da warmoadgens 368 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari oqmis ganuyofel nawils, romelTa mniSvneloba mTlianad amoiwureba oqmis mniSvnelobiT (287-e muxli). specialists ufleba aqvs gaecnos im saproceso moqmedebis oqms, romelSic igi monawileobda, warmoadginos Tavisi SeniSvnebi oqmis mimarT, miuTiTos mis usworobaze Tu usrulobaze. muxli 205. mosamzadebeli sxdomis daniSvna 1. Tu warmodgenili werilobiTi masalebi mosamarTles aZlevs varaudis safuZvels, rom mxareebma SeiZleba saqme morigebiT daamTavron, mopasuxem cnos sarCeli, an mosarCelem uari Tqvas sarCelze, agreTve, Tu, mosamarTlis azriT, sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis saqmis saTanadod momzadebis interesebi amas moiTxovs, mxareTa werilobiTi masalebis miRebis Semdeg mas SeuZlia daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma. 2. mxareTa SeTanxmebiT mosamzadebeli sxdoma SeiZleba gadaizardos mTavar sxdomaSi 1. mosamzadebeli sxdoma araa saqmis momzadebis stadiis savaldebulo da aucilebeli elementi, magram saqmis damTavreba mxareTa morigebis, mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqmis an mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobis safuZvelze dasaSvebia mxolod mosamzadebel sxdomaze, Tu yovelive es momzadebis stadiaze moxda (208-e muxli). mosamzadebeli sxdoma SeiZleba dainiSnos kidev erTi mizniT _ Tu amas `saqmis saTanadod momzadebis interesebi moiTxoven~. _ magram ra mizniTac ar unda dainiSnos, mosamzadebel sxdomaze sabolood unda iqnes ganxiluli saqmis momzadebasTan dakavSirebuli yvela sakiTxi, rogori369 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali caa mxareebis mier damatebiTi mtkicebulebebis warmodgena, sasamarTlos mier mxareTa TxovniT am mtkicebulebebis gamoTxova, mesame pirebisa da Tanamonawileebis procesSi Cabma, adgilze daTvalierebis Catareba, eqspertizis daniSvna, specialistis mowveva da a. S. _ kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs da ar gulisxmobs mosamzadebeli sxdomis gadadebas, ganmeorebiT daniSvnas Tu mravaljer Catarebis SesaZleblobas. Tu mosamzadebel sxdomaze mxareebs ganesazRvraT raime saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba, es moqmedeba unda Sesruldes sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi. ukidures SemTxvevaSi mosamzadebeli sxdoma SeiZleba meored dainiSnos, Tu es aucilebelia, magaliTad, Tu mxareebs miecaT maTive SuamdgomlobiT dro morigebisaTvis. _ mosamzadebeli sxdomis gadadeba im motiviT, rom erT-erTi an orive mxare ar gamocxadda, dauSvebelia. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos mTavari sxdoma im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca saqme faqtiurad ar aris momzadebuli mxareTa pasiurobis gamo (ix. 207-e muxlis komentari). 2. mosamzadebeli sxdomis „gadazrda“ mTavar sxdomaSi SeiZleba dasaSvebi da gamarTlebuli iyos, Tu am sxdomaze gamocxadda orive mxare da isini Suamdgomloben sasamarTlos winaSe, rom man ganixilos da gadawyvitos es saqme saqmeSi arsebuli masalebis mixedviT (ix. 209-e muxlis komentari). muxli 206. mxareTa movaleoba mxareebi movaleni arian saqmis momzadebis mizniT Seasrulon mosamarTlis miTiTebebi. arasapatio mizeziT werilobiTi masalebis warudgenloba an sxva moqmedebis Seusrulebloba arTmevs mxares ufle- 370 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari bas, Seasrulos aseTi moqmedeba am saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvis dros. _ samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba Seicavs saqmis ganxilivis gaWianurebis winaaRmdeg brZolis metad efeqtur saSualebebs (meqanizmebs). sasamarTloebma gonivrulad, mtkiced da ganuxrelad unda gamoiyenos es meqanizmebi. _ erT-erTi aseTi saSualebaa am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sanqcia, romlis mixedviT Tu mxare saqmis momzadebis stadiaze ar Seasrulebs Sesabamis saproceso moqmedebebs, ar aRZravs sasamarTlos winaSe Sesabamis Suamdgomlobebs da a. S. maSin is kargavs uflebas Seasrulos aseTi moqmedebebi saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg (207-e muxli), Tu maTi droulad Seusrulebloba ar iyo gamowveuli sapatio mizeziT, romelic sarwmunod unda iyos dadasturebuli Sesabamisi mxaris mier (215-e muxli). _ mxaris gafrTxilebas am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sanqciis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb unda Seicavdes sasamarTlos ganCineba ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb. muxli 207. ganCineba saqmis sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb mosamarTles, mas Semdeg, rac cnobs saqmes sakmaod momzadebulad, gamoaqvs ganCineba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze misi arsebiTad ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis dRes sasamarTlo niSnavs im varaudiT, rom mxareebs SesaZlebloba hqondeT moemzadon zepiri SejibrebisaTvis. 371 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali _ saqmis momzadeba ar SeiZleba dausruleblad gagrZeldes, igi unda damTavrdes gonivrul vadaSi, e. i. iseT vadaSi, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes am saqmis ganxilva da gadawyveta kanoniT gansazRvrul vadaSi (59-e muxlis me-3 nawili). mTavari sxdoma SeiZleba dainiSnos Tu saqme momzadebulia. _ magram rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxareebi, an erT-erTi mxare (xSirad mopasuxe) ar aqtiurobs, ufro metic, Segnebulad cdilobs saqmis momzadebis, saboloo angariSSi ki, saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebas, ris gamoc saqme faqtiurad moumzadebelia, xolo saqmis ganxilvis vadebi iwureba? SeiZleba Tu ara aseT pirobebSi mTavari sxdomis daniSvna? _ samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis TvalsazrisiT, `saqmis sakmaod momzadebuloba~ ar niSnavs aucileblad am saqmis realurad momzadebas. igi SeiZleba ar iyos momzadebuli imis gamo, rom mxareebi ar iCenen sakmao interess am saqmisadmi, ar asruleben saWiro saproceso moqmedebas, magram saqme mainc momzadebulad unda CaiTvalos, Tu sasamarTlom TviTon Seasrula yvela is saproceso moqmedeba, rac mas samsaxurebrivad evaleboda da droulad gaafrTxila mxareebi saproceso moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis aucileblobaze da maTi Seusruleblobis Sedegebze. _ aseT pirobebSi sasamarTlos ara marto ar SeuZlia, aramed uflebac ar aqvs daelodos Tu rodis inebebs mxare Seasrulos esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba. amitom mas gamoaqvs ganCineba saqmis momzadebis dasrulebisa da am saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb. _ sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT mTavrdeba momzadebis etapi (werilobiTi Sejibreba) da iwyeba axali etapi _ saqmis mTavar sxdomaze zepiri ganxilvis (zepiri Sejibrebis) etapi (210-e muxli). 372 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 208. ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb 1. Tu mosamzadebel sxdomaze mosarCele uars ityvis sarCelze, an mxareebi morigdebian, mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. morigebis SemTxvevaSi amave ganCinebiT sasamarTlo daamtkicebs morigebis pirobebs. igive wesi gavrceldeba sasamarTlo ganxilvis nebismier stadiaze. 2. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT iwvevs Sedegebs, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 273-e muxliT. 3. Tu mosamzadebel sxdomaze mopasuxe cnobs sarCels, mosamarTle gamoitans gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gulisxmobs mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqmas da mxareTa morigebas mosamzadebel sxdomaze. magram sarCelze uaris Tqma an mxareTa morigeba SeiZleba moxdes jer kidev mosamzadebeli sxdomis daniSvnamde, ris Sesaxebac mxareebma werilobiT acnobes mosamarTles. aseT SemTxvevaSi mosamarTles SeuZlia daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma, daibaros mxareebi da gamoitanos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs ganCinebis miRebas. mTavari sxdomis daniSvna saWiro araa. mxareTa morigeba - esaa urTierTdaTmobis gziT mxareTa Soris dadebuli garigeba, romelic axleburad gansazRvravs maT uflebebsa da movaleobebs. morigebis pirobebi ganisazRvreba TviT mxareebis mier. cxadia, rom saqmis xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT es pirobebi gansxvavebuli iqneba. morigebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic detalurad da 373 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali amomwuravad gansazRvravs morigebis pirobebs, e.i. imas, Tu romelma mxarem ra moqmedeba unda Seasrulos meore mxaris sasargeblod. 2. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi igive sarCeliT sasamarTloSi mimarTva dauSvebelia (273-e muxlis me-2 nawili). 3. saqmis momzadebis etapze (mosamzadebel sxdomaze an manamde) mopasuxem SeiZleba cnos sarCeli. aseT SemTxvevaSi mosamzadebel sxdomaze mosamarTles gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis daniSvna aseT SemTxvevaSiac saWiro araa. _ Tu sarCelze uaris Tqma, mxareTa morigeba an sarCelis cnoba moxda momzadebis etapis damTavrebis Semdeg, e. i. mas Semdeg, rac sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (207-e muxli), maSin Sesabamisi ganCinebebi da gadawyvetileba sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos mTavar sxdomaze. muxli 209. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta da sarCelis (gancxadebis) ganuxilvelad datoveba saqmis momzadebis dros 272-e da 275-e muxlebis Sesabamisi qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebis arsebobisas sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze saqmis gansaxilvelad momzadebis dros saqmis warmoeba mosamarTlem SeiZleba Sewyvitos an sarCeli (gancxadeba) ganuxilvelad datovos, ris Sesaxebac mas gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba. _ 272-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebis arsebobisas mosamarTlem ar unda miiRos sarCeli (186-e muxli), magram Tu SecdomiT miiRo sarCeli warmoebaSi, rac saqmis momzadebis stadiaze gamovlinda, mas Se374 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari uZlia miiRos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (ix. 272-e muxlis komentari). saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis mizniT mosamarTles, Tu igi amas mizanSewonilad CaTvlis, SeuZlia moiwvios mosamzadebeli sxdoma, magram mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs sakiTxis gadawyvetas. _ ganCinebaze saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (274-e muxli). _ ssk 275-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebis arsebobisas, garda am muxlis `g~ da `d~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebisa, mosamarTlem ar unda miiRos sarCeli, magram Tu SecdomiT miiRo sarCeli warmoebaSi, rac gamovlinda saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, mas SeuZlia ganuxilvelad datovos sarCeli. mosamzadebeli sxdomis mowveva am SemTxvevaSic araa aucilebeli, magram Tu mosamarTles mizanSewonilad miaCnia, SeuZlia moiwvios igi. mxareTa gamoucxadebloba sakiTxis gadawyvetas ver daabrkolebs. _ mosamzadebeli sxdoma araa saqmis momzadebis stadiis savaldebulo elementi. aqedan gamomdinare, arc am sxdomaze mxareTa gamocxadeba SeiZleba CavTvaloT savaldebulod da davukavSiroT mas is Sedegebi, romlebic sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobas ukavSirdeba, kerZod, ar SeiZleba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana, sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba, roca ar cxaddeba mosamzadebel sxdomaze mosarCele da sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba, roca orive mxare ar cxaddeba. amitom, mosamzadebel stadiaze an mosamzadebel sxdomaze sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba ssk 275-e muxlis `g~ da `d~ qvepunqtebis safuZvelze, romelic sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomas gulisxmobs, dauSvebelia, garda iseTi SemTxvevebisa, roca Sesabamisi pirobebis arsebobisas mosamzadebeli sxdoma „gadaizarda“ mTavar sxdomaSi (ix. 205-e muxlis komentari). 375 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XXV sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma muxli 210. sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis dawyeba 1. saqmis ganxilvisaTvis daniSnul dros sasamarTlo Semodis sxdomis darbazSi. mosamarTle, xolo Tu saqmes arCevs kolegiuri sasamarTlo, _ am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare, xsnis sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomas da acxadebs, Tu romeli saqme iqneba ganxiluli. 2. sasamarTlos sxdomis mdivani moaxsenebs sasamarTlos, Tu gansaxilvel saqmeze mowveul pirTagan vin gamocxadda, CabardaT Tu ara gamoucxadebel pirebs uwyebebi 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT da ra cnobebi arsebobs maTi gamoucxadeblobis mizezebis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlo adgens gamocxadebulTa vinaobas, amowmebs warmomadgenelTa uflebamosilebas, agreTve afrTxilebs procesis monawileebs da sxdomaze damswre pirebs wesrigis dacvis mizniT mosamarTlis miTiTebis savaldebulobisa da sasamarTlos sxdomaze wesrigis damrRvevis mimarT SesaZlo RonisZiebebis Taobaze. amis Semdeg mowmeebi toveben sxdomis darbazs. samoqalaqo saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis mniSvneloba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igi aris samoqalaqo saqmis gadawyvetis aucilebeli da savaldebuli piroba. saqmeze gadawyvetilebis miReba ar SeiZleba am saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis, mxareTa zepiri Sejibrebis gareSe, garda erTaderTi gamonaklisisa, rodesac mosamzadebel sxdomaze mopasuxe cnobs sarCels (208-e 376 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli). sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis aseTi mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi sakmaod detalurad gansazRvravs misi Catarebis wesebs. _ saqmis ganxilva mTavar sxdomaze Tanmimdevrulad mimdinare ramdenime etapisagan Sedgeba. pirveli etapia_ sxdomis gaxsna. 1. Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom sasamarTlom zustad daicvas mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Sesaxeb mxareTa da sxva pirTa gamoZaxebis uwyebaSi miTiTebuli dro (dRe, saaTi). sxdoma unda daiwyos im dRes da im saaTze, rac uwyebaSi iyo miTiTebuli, xolo Tu es ver xerxdeba, maSin mosamarTle an misi TanaSemwe zustad am droisaTvis acnobebs mxareebs da sxva pirebs Tu ra mizeziT ar iwyeba procesi daniSnul dros da ramdeni SeiZleba daagviandes sxdomis gaxsnas. 2. jer kidev sxdomis dawyebis win (sanam sasamarTlo (mosamarTle) Semova sxdomis darbazSi), sxdomis mdivanma unda Seamowmos gamosaZaxebel pirTagan vin gamocxadda da arkvevs gamoucxadeblobis mizezebs, kerZod, CabardaT Tu ara maT uwyeba da aris Tu ara saqmeSi cnoba amis Sesaxeb, xom ar aris warmodgenili raime cnoba (magaliTad, avadmyofobis Sesaxeb) gamoucxadeblobis mizezebis Sesaxeb da a. S. _ gamocxadebulTa vinaobas adgens uSualod mosamarTle. mxareTa da sxva pirTa (mowmis, eqspertis, Tarjimnis) vinaobis dadgenis mizniT, Tu es aucilebelia, mosamarTles SeuZlia moiTxovos piradobis damadasturebeli sabuTi. Tu saqmeSi monawileobs warmomadgeneli, misi uflebamosilebisa da am uflebamosilebaTa farglebis dadgenis mizniT mosamarTle unda gaecnos mindobilobas, Seamowmos misi gacemis wesi. _ sasamarTlo sxdomaze wesrigis uzrunvelyofisaTvis didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba eniWeba procesis monawileebisa da sxdomaze damswre pirebis gafrTxilebas. amisaTvis mosamarTlem unda gaacnos maT kanonis danawesi, kerZod 211-e da 212-e muxlebis Sinaarsi (ix. am muxlebis komentari). 377 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 211. wesrigis dacvis mizniT mosamarTlis miTiTebaTa savaldebulooba mxareebi, warmomadgenlebi, mowmeebi, specialistebi, Tarjimnebi agreTve sasamarTlos sxdomis darbazSi myofi yvela moqalaqe valdebulia daicvas dadgenili wesi da usityvod daemorCilos mosamarTlis gankargulebas. _ sasamarTlo sxdomas (sasamarTlo process) xelmZRvanelobs mosamarTle (kolegiuri sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare). TavisTavad cxadia, rom wesrigi marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis am damagvirgvinebel etapze unda iyos sanimuSo, miT umetes, rom sxdomis mimdinareobas da gansaxilveli sakiTxebis Tanmimdevrobas gansazRvravs kodeqsi. sasamarTlom sagangebod unda gaafrTxilos mxareebi, saqmeSi monawile pirebi da, saerTod, yvela, vinc eswreba sxdomas, rom isini valdebulni arian usityvod da SekamaTebis gareSe daemorCilon mosamarTlis gankargulebas. _ `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-12 muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad sasamarTlo sxdomaze kino da foto gadaReba, audio da videoCanaweris gakeTeba daSvebulia. magram Tu yovelive es xels uSlis sxdomis muSaobas, procesis normalur warmarTvas, sasamarTlos, mxareTa TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT SeuZlia akrZalos es Tavisi motivirebuli ganCinebiT. _ valdebuleba daicvas dadgenili wesi da usityvod daemorCilos mosamarTlis gankargulebas, exeba sasamarTlos sxdomis darbazSi myof yvela pirs _ gamonaklisis gareSe. 378 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 212. sasamarTloSi wesrigis darRvevisaTvis pasuxismgebloba 1. sasamarTloSi wesrigis dacvas uzrunvelyofs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare, xolo saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi - uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris moadgile. sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi wesrigis dacvas uzrunvelyofs sxdomis Tavmjdomare (mosamarTle), romelic uflebamosilia sxdomis darbazSi damswre pirTa adgilebis gaTvaliswinebiT SezRudos sxdomaze damswreTa raodenoba. 2. sasamarTlo afrTxilebs mxareebs, rom Tu isini TviTneburad miatoveben sxdomas, maT mimarT gamotanili iqneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. 3. sasamarTlo sxdomaze wesrigis darRvevis, sxdomis Tavmjdomaris (mosamarTlis) gankargulebisadmi daumorCileblobis an sasamarTlos mimarT upativcemulobis SemTxvevaSi sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamarTles) adgilze TaTbiriT gamoaqvs gankarguleba procesis monawilis an/da sxdomaze damswris dajarimebis an/da sxdomis darbazidan gaZevebis Sesaxeb. Tu gaZevebuli piri kvlav ganagrZobs wesrigis darRvevas, sasamarTlos mandaturi uzrunvelyofs mis gayvanas sasamarTlodan, amasTanave, mis mimarT SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli jarima an patimroba. 4. Tu sxdomis Tavmjdomaris (mosamarTlis) gankarguleba gaZevebis Sesaxeb exeba warmomadgenels, saqmis mosmena gadaideba, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca saqmes Tavidanve awarmoebda ramdenime warmomadgeneli. advokatis arasaTanado qcevis Sesaxeb sasa379 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali marTlos gamoaqvs Sesabamisi ganCineba, romelic egzavneba advokatTa gaerTianebas. 5. piri sxdomis darbazidan gaZevebulad iTvleba imave instanciis sasamarTloSi am saqmesTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo ganxilvis dasrulebamde. mxaris motivirebuli Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze sasamarTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomare (mosamarTle) uflebamosilia gaZevebul pirs misces sxdomaze dabrunebis SesaZlebloba. 6. sasamarTlo sxdomaze wesrigis damrRvev pirs, maT Soris, gaZevebul pirs, sxdomis Tavmjdomaris (mosamarTlis) gankargulebiT SeiZleba daekisros jarima 50dan 500 laramde odenobiT, razedac gaicema saaRsrulebo furceli. Tu dajarimebuli piri kvlav ganagrZobs wesrigis darRvevas, sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamarTles) SeuZlia dauyovnebliv gazardos jarimis odenoba am nawiliT gansazRvrul farglebSi. 7. Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze piris qmedeba mimarTulia procesis CaSlisaken an igi gamoxatavs aSkara an/da uxeS upativcemulobas sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis), procesis monawilis an mxaris mimarT, sxdomis Tavmjdomaris (mosamarTlis) miTiTebiT sasamarTlos mandaturi uzrunvelyofs piris dakavebas da dakavebis oqmis Sedgenas, amasTanave, sxdomis Tavmjdomare (mosamarTle) adgens mimarTvas, romelSic aRwers darRvevas da ugzavnis gankargulebis gamocemaze uflebamosil sasamarTlos (mosamarTles). dakavebuli piri dauyonebliv, magram araugvianes 24 saaTisa, unda waredginos im sasamarTlos (mosamarTles), romelsac gaegzavna mimarTva da romelic uflebamosilia gam380 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari oitanos gankarguleba am piris 30 dReRamemde vadiT patimrobis Sesaxeb. raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, sadac ori da orze meti mosamarTlea, gankarguleba gamoaqvs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, xolo Tu darRveva moxda sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris monawileobiT gamarTul sxdomaze, gankarguleba gamoaqvs mis mier gansazRvrul sxva mosamarTles. raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, sadac erTi mosamarTlea, gankarguleba gamoaqvs uaxloesi raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares. Tu am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli darRveva moxda saqmis magistrati mosamarTlis mier ganxilvisas, gankarguleba gamoaqvs im raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romlis SemadgenlobaSicaa es magistrati mosamarTle. saapelacio sasamarTloSi gankarguleba gamoaqvs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, xolo Tu darRveva moxda misi monawileobiT gamarTul sxdomaze, gankarguleba gamoaqvs saapelacio sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris moadgiles an mis mier gansazRvrul sxva mosamarTles. saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi, garda didi palatisa, gankarguleba gamoaqvs erT-erTi palatis Tavmjdomares. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos did palataSi saqmis ganxilvisas gankarguleba gamoaqvs im mosamarTles, romelic ar monawileobda saqmis ganxilvaSi. dakavebuli piri, Tu amis aucilebloba arsebobs, SeiZleba gadaeces policias. Tu dapatimrebis Sesaxeb gankarguleba gamotanil iqna procesis monawilis mimarT. sasamarTlo sxdoma SeiZleba gadaidos aRniSnuli vadiT. gankarguleba miiReba zepiri mosmenis safuZ- 381 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali velze, dakavebuli piris wardgenidan dauyonebliv, magram ara ugvianes 24 saaTisa. 8. sasamarTloSi wesrigis darRvevis, sasamarTlos mimarT upativcemulobis an sasamarTlos normaluri funqcionirebisaTvis xelis SeSlis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos mandaturi uflebamosilia daakavos wesrigis damrRvevi piri, ris Sesaxebac adgens dakavebis oqms. sasamarTlos mandaturi valdebulia dakavebuli piri dauyovnebliv, magram ara ugvianes 24 saaTisa, warudginos imave sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, xolo saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi - uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris moadgiles. sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare, xolo saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi - uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris moadgile dakavebuli piris wardgenidan dauyovnebliv, magram ara ugvianes 24 saaTisa, uflebamosilia damrRvevi piris mimarT gamoiyenos am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebamosilebani. 9. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli dajarimebis an/da sxdomis darbazidan gaZevebis Sesaxeb gankarguleba miiReba zepiri mosmenis gareSe da ar saCivrdeba. 10. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli patimrobis Sesaxeb saqmis ganxilvisas sasamarTlo dakavebul pirs acnobebs saqmis ganxilvis drosa da adgils. mxaris gamoucxadebloba ar iwvevs sxdomis gadadebas. saqmis ganxilva iwyeba sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris (mosamarTlis) moxsenebiT, romelic acxadebs, vis mimarT SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli patimroba, saqmis ganxilvis monawile pirebs ganumartavs maT uflebebsa da movaleobebs, sajarod kiTxulobs wesrigis darRvevis Taobaze Sedgenil mimarTvas da us382 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari mens saqmis ganxilvaSi monawile pirebs. zepiri mosmenisas damrRvev pirs/mis damcvels saSualeba eZleva, sasamarTlos warudginos sakuTari mosazrebebi da misces ganmartebebi dakavebis kanonierebisa da pasuxismgeblobis zomis Taobaze. mxareTa mosmenis Semdeg sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares (mosamarTles) adgilze TaTbiriT gamoaqvs gankarguleba patimrobis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. gankargulebis gamomtani sasamarTlo (mosamarTle) gankargulebis asls dauyovnebliv gadascems damrRvev pirs, aseve gankargulebis asls aRsasruleblad ugzavnis saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa organoebs. dakavebis vada CaiTvleba patimrobis saerTo vadaSi. 11. patimrobis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb gankarguleba dauyovnebliv Sedis ZalaSi da igi SeiZleba gaasaCivros pirma, romlis mimarTac gamoyenebul iqna patimroba, saTanado wesiT misTvis gankargulebis aslis Cabarebidan 48 saaTis vadaSi. Semosul saCivars sasamarTlo dauyovnebliv ugzavnis Sesabamis sasamarTlos (mosamarTles). pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris an mosamarTlis gankarguleba erTjeradad saCivrdeba saapelacio sasamarTlos TavmjdomaresTan. saapelacio sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris, Tavmjdomaris moadgilis an mosamarTlis gankarguleba erTjeradad saCivrdeba saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlos administraciuli da sxva kategoriis saqmeTa palatis TavmjdomaresTan. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris moadgilis an palatis, garda didi palatisa, Tavmjdomaris gankarguleba erTjeradad saCivrdeba saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos TavmjdomaresTan. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarT383 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali los did palataSi wesrigis darRvevis Sesaxeb mosamarTlis gankarguleba erTjeradad saCivrdeba im mosamarTlesTan, romelic ar monawileobda saqmis ganxilvaSi. saCivari ganixileba zepiri mosmenis gareSe da misi ganxilvis vada saCivris Setanidan 24 saaTs ar unda aRematebodes. SeniSvna: jarimis nebayoflobiTi aRsrulebisaTvis saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili vadis gasvlis Semdeg, am muxlis safuZvelze dajarimebul pirs jarimasTan erTad daericxeba sauravi: a) 150 laris odenobiT - 50-dan 250 laramde dajarimebis SemTxvevaSi; b) 300 laris odenobiT - 250-dan 500 laramde dajarimebis SemTxvevaSi„. ssk 212-e muxli ganekuTvneba im muxlebis kategorias, romlebSic yvelaze xSirad Sedis cvlilebebi da damatebebi. sakmarisia iTqvas, rom 2006 wlis ivlisSi da dakemberSi orjer Sevida am muxlSi aseTi cvlileba. kanonmdeblis mxriv am muxlisadmi aseTi didi interesi SeiZleba ori garemoebiT aixsnas: an es norma, miuxedavad masSi Setanili mravalricxovani cvlilebisa, mainc ar aris srulyofili da amitom ver iZleva sasurvel efeqts, an sasamarTloebi jerovnad ver iyeneben mas. rogorc Cans, aucilebelia gairkves am normis araefeqtianobis namdvili mizezebi, risTvisac saWiro iqneba ganzogaddes rogorc misi, ise masTan dakavSirebuli sxva muxlebis sasamarTloebis mier gamoyenebis praqtika. amitom, komentaris avtorebma miiRes gadawyvetileba gaanalizon am TvalsazrisiT sasamarTlo praqtika da miRebuli Sedegebi, Sesabamisi rekomendaciebiTa da winadadebebiT gamoaqveynon calke naSromis saxiT, 384 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari rogorc es Tavis droze gakeTda iuridiuli faqtebis udavo warmoebis wesiT dadgenis praqtikis mimarT29. amjerad ki, 212-e muxlTan dakavSirebiT mizanSewonilad migvaCnia sasamarTloebis yuradReba mivaqcioT Semdeg garemoebaze: 1. 212-e muxlis pirveli nawili erTmaneTisagan mijnavs sasamarTloSi wesrigs da sxdomis darbazSi wesrigs. aqve miTiTebulia, Tu romel mosamarTles (Tavmjdomares, moadgiles) evaleba wesrigis uzrunvelyofa sasamarTloSi anu sasamarTlos SenobaSi saerTod da romels sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi. 2. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes mxolod iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare TviTneburad, e.i. sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis) nebarTvis gareSe miatovebs sxdomas (me-2 nawili) magram ara im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare gaZevebuli iqna sxdomis darbazidan wesrigis darRvevis gamo. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos gadawyvetileba saqmis masalebis mixedviT. 3. gankarguleba procesis monawilis an sxdomaze damswre piris dajarimebis an sxdomidan gaZevebis Sesaxeb gamoaqvs sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamarTles). (me-3 nawili). 4. Tu sxdomidan gaaZeves mxaris warmomadgeneli (advokati), sxdoma unda gadaidos, Tu Sesabamisi mxaris interesebs erTdroulad ramdenime warmomadgeneli ar awarmoebda. (me-4 nawili). 5. am muxlis me-7 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebis arsebobisas, piri SeiZleba dapatimrebuli iqnes 30 dRe-Ramemde vadiT. dapatimrebis Sesaxeb gankarguleba gamoaqvs ara im sasamarTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomares (mosamarTles), romelmac Seadgina mimarTva, aramed im sasamarTlos (mosamarTles), romelsac gaegzavna mimarTva. gankar29 T.liluaSvili, v. xrustali, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtika udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb. g-ba „sani“, Tb. 2003. 385 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali guleba dapatimrebis Sesaxeb SeuZlia gamoitanos amave raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlem, xolo, im raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, sadac erTi mosamarTlea, gankarguleba gamoaqvs uaxloesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares (me-7 nawili). 6. am muxlis me-8 nawili gulisxmobs wesrigis darRvevas ara sasamarTlo sxdomaze (me-7 nawili), aramed sasamarTloSi. es imas niSnavs, rom sxdomis gareTac sasamarTlos SenobaSi, pirma SeiZleba Caidinos iseTi moqmedeba, romelic gamoxatavs sasamarTlos mimarT upativcemulobas an xels uSlis sasamarTlos normalur funqcionirebas. aseTi piris mimarTac SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes patimroba 30 dRe-Ramemde vadiT. 7. patimrobis Sesaxeb saqmis ganxilvisas daculi unda iqnes am muxlis me-10 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesebi. 8. gankarguleba patimrobis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb dauyovnebliv Sedis ZalaSi, magram igi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes im wesiT, rac dadgenilia 212-e muxlis me-11 nawiliT. muxli 213. TarjimnisaTvis misi movaleobis ganmarteba 1. sasamarTlo ganumartavs Tarjimans mis movaleobas, Targmnos im pirTa ganmartebebi, Cvenebebi, gancxadebebi, romlebic ar floben samarTalwarmoebis enas, xolo am pirebs uTargmnos ganmartebaTa, CvenebaTa, gancxadebaTa, sasamarTloSi gamoqveynebul dokumentTa Sinaarsi, agreTve sasamarTlos gankargulebebi, ganCinebebi da gadawyvetilebebi. 2. sasamarTlo afrTxilebs Tarjimans, rom Segnebulad araswori TargmanisaTvis igi pasuxs agebs sisxlis samarTlis wesiT. 3. Tu Tarjimani ar gamocxaddeba sasa386 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari marTloSi arasapatio mizeziT, an Tavs aaridebs movaleobis Sesrulebas, igi SeiZleba dajarimdes 50 lariT. 1. samarTalwarmoeba xorcieldeba saxelmwifo enaze, xolo Tu mxarem ar icis saxelmwifo ena, mas mieCineba Tarjimani (me-9 muxli). Tarjimani monawileobs saqmis ganxilvaSi sasamarTlo sxdomis sawyisi etapidan, radgan mxarem unda icodes yvelaferi, rac xdeba sxdomaze misi dawyebidan damTavrebamde. _ mosamarTle ver Secvlis Tarjimans, e. i. man kidec rom icodes is ena, romelic icis mxarem, Tarjimani mainc unda iqnes mowveuli. _ piris Tarjimnad mowvevis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 2. mosamarTle yovelTvis valdebulia gaafrTxilos Tarjimani, rom Segnebulad araswori TargmnisaTvis igi pasuxs agebs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 370-e muxlis mixedviT. 3. Tarjimnis sasamarTloSi gamoucxadeblobisaTvis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba araa gaTvaliswinebuli, magram masze SeiZleba sazogadoebrivi zemoqmedebis RonisZiebis gatareba da dajarimeba 50 lariT. _ TarjimnisaTvis gadasaxdeli Tanxis odenobis gansazRvra xdeba 45-e muxlis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis komentari). am Tanxis anazRaureba ki xdeba saxelmwifo biujetis xarjze (`saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ kanonis me-10 muxli). muxli 214. sasamarTlo Semadgenlobis gamocxadeba da acilebis uflebis ganmarteba Tavmjdomare (mosamarTle) acxadebs sasamarTlo Semadgenlobas, agreTve imas, Tu vin monawileobs eqspertad, specialistad, 387 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali Tarjimnad, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnad da ganumartavs mxareebs, rom maT SeuZliaT ganacxadon acileba, Tu aseTi acileba sapatiod cnobili mizeziT ar iyo gancxadebuli saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze, an Tu saqmes ixilavs sxva mosamarTle anda sxva sasamarTlo Semadgenloba da ara is, romelic cnobili iyo am saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis dros. _ acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba dasaSvebia mxolod saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dros acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba SeiZleba Tu: a) arsebobs sapatio mizezi, ris gamoc acileba ar iyo gancxadebuli saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, an b) saqmes ixilavs sxva mosamarTle an sxva sasamarTlo Semadgenloba. _ mas Semdeg, rac gansazRvruli iqneba mosamarTle, romelmac erTpirovnulad unda ganixilos, an kolegiis Semadgenloba, romelmac kolegiurad unda ganixilos saqme, isini valdebulni arian awarmoon saqme samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT. es imas niSnavs, rom mosamarTles SeuZlia ganacxados TviTacileba. SeiZleba mxareebma ganacxadon acileba, magram Tu acileba an TviTacileba ar iqneba dakmayofilebuli an, saerTod, gancxadebuli, saqme swored im mosamarTlem Tu sasamarTlos Semadgenlobam unda ganixilos da gadawyvitos, visac es saqme gadaeca. _ aravis aqvs ufleba, garda TviTacilebisa da acilebisa, sxva gziT Camoacilos mosamarTle saqmis ganxilvas da Secvalos igi sxva mosamarTliT, Tu ara iseTi obieqturi garemoeba, rogoricaa misi avadmyofoba, gardacvaleba an sxva iseTi garemoeba, romelic ar aZlevs mosamarTles saSualebas Seasrulos Tavisi samsaxurebrivi movaleoba. 388 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 215. mxareTa Suamdgomlobebisa da gancxadebebis ganxilva 1. sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas Suamdgomloba sasamarTlos waredgineba werilobiTi formiT, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac mxare axali arsebiTi garemoebis safuvelze Suamdgomlobas daayenebs sasamarTlo sxdomaze. Suamdgomloba unda iyos dasabuTebuli, masSi konkretulad unda mieTiTos moTxovna da misi argumentacia, romelic unda Seexebodes mxolod im garmoebebs, romlebsac uSualo kavSiri aqvs SuamdgomlobaSi dasmul moTxovnasTan. erTgvarovani Suamdgomlobebi sasamarTlos erTad waredgineba. Tu mosamarTle miiCnevs, rom Suamdgomlobis dayeneba emsaxureba procesis gaWianurebas, igi xsnis am Suamdgomlobas. Tu mosamarTle miiCnevs, rom mxare procesis gaWianurebis mizniT ayenebs Suamdgomlobebs, igi mxareebs arTmevs Suamdgomlobebis dayenebis uflebas da gadadis saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg stadiaze. 2. mxareTa da maT warmomadgenelTa Suamdgomlobebi da gancxadebebi axal mtkicebulebaTa warmodgenis an gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sasamarTlom SeiZleba ganixilos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze mxares ar SeeZlo maTi warmodgena, agreTve Tu maT Sesaxeb misTvis obieqturi mizezebiT ver iqneboda cnobili da maTi warmodgenis safuZveliwarmoiSva mTavar sxdomaze, an Tu mxarem sapatio mizeziT ver uzrunvelyo Sesabamisi Suamdgomlobebisa da gancxadebebis warmodgena saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmis ganxilva mxareTa 389 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali TxovniT an sasamarTlos iniciativiT SeiZleba gadaidos. 3. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul sapatio mizezad CaiTvleba mxaris mier Suamdgomlobisa da gancxadebis warmodgenis SeuZlebloba, rac gamowveulia avadmyofobiT, axlo nTesavis gardacvalebiT an sxva gansakuTrebuli obieqturi garemoebiT, rac misgan damokidebeli mizeziT SeuZlebels xdis Suamdgomlobisa da gancxadebis warmodgenas. avadmyofoba dadasturebuli unda iqnes samedicino dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelis mier xelmowerili dokumentiT, romelic pirdapir miuTiTebs sasamarTlo procesze gamocxadebis SeuZleblobaze. 1. 215-e muxlis pirveli nawili ramdenime praqtikuli sakiTxis gadawyvetas emsaxureba: pirveli - Suamdgomlobebi sasamarTlos waredgineba werilobiTi formiT; meore - Tu Suamdgomlobebi aRiZvris sasamarTlo sxdomaze maSin isini SeiZleba waredginos sasamarTlos zepiri formiT, rac Seitaneba sxdomis oqmSi; mesame - erTgvarovani Suamdgomlobebi SeiZleba erTad waredginos sasamarTlos (rac ar gamoricxavs maT gancalkevebiT wardgenasac). erTgvarovnad SeiZleba CaiTvalos Suamdgomlobebi, romlebic erTgvarovan faqtobriv an samarTlebriv safuZvlebs emyareba. magaliTad, Suamdgomlobebi, romlebic mosamarTlisa da eqspertis acilebas moiTxovs; meoTxe - Suamdgomloba, damoukideblad imisa zepiri Tu werilobiTi formiTaa igi warmodgenili - dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) unda iyos. masSi naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos miTiTebuli ras moiTxovs da ris safuZvelze moiTxovs. magaliTad, Tu mxare Tavisi SuamdgomlobiT moiTx390 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ovs mosamarTlis acilebas, man unda miuTiTos faqtobrivi garemoebebi, romlebsac kanoni ukavSirebs acilebas (29-e, 31-e muxlebi), Tu mxare Suamdgomlobs mowmis gamoZaxebaze da dakiTxvaze, man unda miuTiTos Tu ra garemoebis dadastureba SeuZlia mas (140-e muxli) da a.S. mexuTe - sasamarTlom yovelTvis mtkiced da ganuxrelad unda ebZrolos saqmis ganxilva-gadawyvetis gaWianurebis mcdelobas. amitom, mxaris yovelgvari Suamdgomloba, romelic mimarTulia saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebisaken, sasamarTlom arc unda ganixilos. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad sasamarTlos saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlis win mxare Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe, rom gadados saqmis ganxilva, raTa aiyvanos advokati (an mowmis saxiT gamouZaxos ama Tu im pirs, an daniSnos eqspertiza da a.S.). aseTi Suamdgomlobebi aSkarad mimarTulia saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebisaken, radgan aranairi axali garemoebebi ar warmoSobila da aseTi Suamdgomlobebis dayeneba mas SeeZlo jer kidev momzadebis stadiaze da, miT ufro, sasamarTlo sxdomis gaxsnis stadiaze. 2. 215-e muxlis me-2 nawili azrisa da Sinaarsis Tanaxmad sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze dauSvebelia raime werilobiTi Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis wardgena, raime Suamdgomlobebisa Tu gancxadebebis aRZvra, sarCelis Secvla an sasarCelo moTxovnis gadideba, mowmis dasaxeleba da a.S. magram, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, aseTi SuamdgomlobebiT Tu gancxadebebiT mimarTva dasaSvebia mTavari sxdomis gaxsnis etapze (stadiaze), e.i. sanam sasamarTlo gadavidodes saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvaze, sanam daiwyebodes sxdomis meore etapi - saqmis ganxilva (217-e muxli). sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon is garemoebac, rom am etapzec, e.i. mTavari sxdomis gaxsnis etapzec, raime axali mtkicebulebebi, Suamdgomlobebi, gancxadebebi, SeiZleba miiRos da ganixilos sasa391 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali marTlom mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini warmodgenili da aRZruli ar iyo am saqmis momzadebis stadiaze sapatio mizeziT, romlis damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba axali mtkicebulebebis warmomdgens Tu Suamdgomlobebis aRmZvrel mxares; Tu es mxare ver daamtkicebs sapatio mizezis arsebobas, sasamarTlo saerTod ar miiRebs da ar ganixilavs am mxaris Suamdrgomlobebs. axali mtkicebulebebis miRebaze Tu gamoTxovaze, an gancxadebebisa da Suamdgomlobebis miRebaze, ganxilvaze an dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmas ar SeiZleba moyves saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba. sasamarTlom unda gaagrZelos saqmis ganxilva da gamoitanos gadawyvetileba. mxares SeuZlia aseTi uaris Tqmis aramarTlzomierebis Sesaxeb miuTiTos Tavis saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivarSi (377-e da 407-e muxlebi). saqmis ganxilva SeiZleba gadaidos mxolod erT SemTxvevaSi Tu mxares hqonda sapatio mizezi, ris gamoc droulad ver warmoadgina axali mtkicebulebebi da ver aRZra Sesabamisi Suamdgomlobebi. 3. am muxlis me-3 nawili Seicavs sapatio mizezebis sanimuSo da imavdroulad araamomwurav CamonaTvals, romlebsac SeeZloT dabrkoleba SeeqmnaT mxarisaTvis gancxadebebisa da Suamdgomlobebis sasamarTlosaTvis droulad wardgenisaTvis. es mizezebia: a) mxaris avadmyofoba, rac unda dadasturdes samedicino dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelis xelmowerili dokumentiT da b) axlo naTesavis gardacvalebiT. aq miTiTebulia agreTve sxva obieqtur garemoebebzec, romlebsac SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT cnobili stiqiuri movlenebi, xangrZlivi mivlineba, sasamarTlos reorganizacia da sxva, romlebsac SeeZloT xeli SeeSalaT mxarisaTvis droulad waredgina sasamarTloSi Suamdgomlobebi, mtkicebulebebi, gancxadebebi. 392 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 216. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba da gagrZeleba 1. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba dasaSvebia mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi. saqmis ganxilva misi gadadebis SemTxvevaSi grZeldeba im stadiidan, romelzedac igi gadaido. sasamarTlo agreTve uflebamosilia saqmis ganxilva gaagrZelos im stadiidan, romelsac mizanSewonilad miiCnevs. 2. Tu mowme, eqsperti da specialisti ar gamocxaddnen, sasamarTlos mxareTa azris mosmenis Semdeg gamoaqvs ganCineba sasamarTlo ganxilvis gagrZelebisa da gamoucxadebel pirTa mimarT zomebis miRebis an sasamarTlo ganxilvis gadadebis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlo ganxilva grZeldeba, Tu aRniSnul pirTa gamoucxadebloba xels ar uSlis saqmis garemoebaTa yovelmxriv, srul da obieqtur gamokvlevas. 3. sasamarTlo saqmis ganxilvis gadadebisas daniSnavs axali sasamarTlo sxdomis dRes da amis Sesaxeb acnobebs sasamarTlo procesze gamocxadebul pirebs, rasac isini adastureben xelis moweriT. gamoucxadebel da saqmeSi axalCabmul pirebs axali sasamarTlo sxdomis dRe ecnobebaT am kodeqsis 70-e-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesebiT. 4. mxareTa Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi mosamarTles SeZlia ganixilos saqme an/da miiRos gadawyvetileba arasamuSao dros, maT Soris, dasvenebisa da uqme dReebSi. 1. saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis stadia arsebobs imisaTvis, rom ar gaxdes saWiro saqmis ganxilvis, anu sasamarTlos mTvari sx393 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali domis sxva droisaTvis gadadeba da saqme ganxilul iqnes erT sxdomaze da, Tu SesaZlebelia, Sesvenebis gareSe. miuxedavad amisa, zogjer saWiro da mizanSewonili xdeba saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba, roca amas iTvaliswinebs kanoni. - am muxlis pirveli nawili erTmaneTisagan mijnavs saqmis ganxilvis gadadebas da saqmis ganxilvis gagrZelebas. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba - esaa am saqmis ganxilvisaTvis axali sxdomis sxva droisaTvis daniSvna. aqedan gamomdinare, arasworia uwodoT saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba (rogorc amas zogjer SevxvdebiT praqtikaSi) iseT SemTxvevas, rodesac saqmis ganxilva erT dRes (erT sxdomaze) ver mTavrdeba da amitom grZeldeba momdevno an sxva dRes. sinamdvileSi, es iqneba ara gadadeba, aramed saqmis ganxilvis gagrZeleba sxva dRes, an kidev Sesvenebis gamocxadeba sxva dromde. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba dasaSvebia mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi (190-e, 229-e, 233-e da sxva muxlebi), magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom sxva SemTxvevaSi gadadeba dauSvebelia. magaliTad, Tu mowmed dabarebuli piri ar gamocxadda sxdomaze, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos misi iZulebiTi moyvana (145-e muxli). cxadia, rom Tu sasamarTlom aseTi gadawyvetileba miiRo, man unda gadados saqmis ganxilva sxva droisaTvis. aseve, Tu mesame pirma damoukidebeli moTxovniT aRZra sarCeli davis saganze, mxareTa paeqrobis dawyebis win (188-e muxli) da sasamarTlom miiRo warmoebaSi sarCeli, es SeiZleba gaxdes saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli da a.S. _saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba dasaSvebia rogorc mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiT. cxadia, sasamarTlom ar unda dauSvas saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba, Tu amas miznad aqvs saqmis ganxilvis gaWianureba. - am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesis mixedviT gada394 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari debis Semdeg saqmis ganxilva gagrZeldeba im stadiidan, romelzec igi gadaido, magram sasamarTlos ufleba eniWeba gadauxvios am wess da TviTon gansazRvros Tu romeli stadiidan gaagrZelos saqmis ganxilva. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad mowmis, eqspertis, specialistis gamoucxadeblobis miuxedavad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar gadados am saqmis ganxilva da gamoitanos gadawyvetileba mxolod erTi pirobiT: Tu maTi gamoucxadebloba, xels ar uSlis saqmis garemoebaTa yovelmxriv, srul da obieqtur gamokvlevas“. sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Tu ara „saqmis garemoebaTa yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi gamokvleva“ mowmis, eqspertisa da specialistis gareSe - gadawyvets sasamarTlo mxareTa mosazrebebis mosmenis Semdeg. 3. Tu sasamarTlom daadgina saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba, igi valdebulia daniSnos dRe axali sxdomisaTvis imave ganCinebiT, romliTac am saqmis ganxilva gadaido. amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlom maSinve unda acnobos sasamarTloze gamocxadebul pirebs da afrTxilebs maT axal daniSvnul sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb danarCenebs ki acnobebs axali sxdomis dRis Sesaxeb 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. 4. arasamuSao dros da, miT ufro, dasvenebisa da uqme dReebSi raime saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba principulad dauSvebelia, magram rogorc gamonaklisi es dasaSvebia mxolod orive mxaris TanxmobiT. 5. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic SeiZleba Setanil iqnes oqmSi (284-e muxli). am saoqmo ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli, axali sxdomis Catarebis dRe da saaTi, axali saproceso moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis dro, im pirTa xelmowerebi, romlebic eswrebian sxdomas da maTi gafrTxilebis Sesaxeb gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Taobaze. am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba. 395 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 217. saqmis ganxilvis dawyeba 1. saqmis arsebiTad ganxilva iwyeba mosamarTlis mier saqmeze moxsenebiT, romelic unda emyarebodes mxareTa mier warmodgenil masalebs, xolo Tu am saqmeze Catarda mosamzadebeli sxdoma agreTve am sxdomis masalebsa da oqms. mosamarTlem unda Camoayalibos mosarCelis (ganmcxadeblis) moTxovnis arsi, faqtebi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo am moTxovnas, mopasuxis Sesagebeli, faqtebi, romlebzedac ar davoben mxareebi, da is faqtebic, romlebic sadavoa, agreTve mxareebis mier warmodgenili mtkicebulebebi, romlebic daerTvis saqmes. mosamarTlis mier saqmis moxsenebis Semdeg iwyeba mxareTa axsna-ganmartebebis mosmena. 2. pirvelad sasamarTlo moismens mosarCelisa da mis mxareze monawile mesame piris axsna-ganmartebebs, kerZod, rogoria misi moTxovna, ra garemoebebs emyareba igi da riT adasturebs am garemoebebs, kvlav uWers Tu ara mxars am moTxovnas da uars xom ar ambobs sarCelze, xom ar surs saqmis morigebiT damTarveba da sxva. 3. Semdeg sasamarTlo moismens mopasuxisa da mis mxareze monawile mesame piris axsnaganmartebebs, kerZod, rogoria misi Sesagebeli, xom ar cnobs sarCels, an xom ar surs saqmis morigebiT damTavreba da sxva. _ mas Semdeg, rac ganxiluli iqneba mxareTa da maT warmomadgenelTa yvela Suamdgomloba, gancxadeba, mosazreba da sasamarTlo miva im daskvnamde, rom ar arsebobs saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli, daiwyeba meore etapi _ saqmis arsebiTad ganxilva. - saqmis arsebiTad ganxilva iwyeba mosamarTlis 396 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari moxsenebiT mosamarTlem saqmis masalebze dayrdnobiT unda Camoayalibos: a) mosarCelis moTxovnis Sinaarsi da xasiaTi sasarCelo gancxadebis mixedviT; b) garemoebebi, romlebzec mosarCele amyarebs Tavis moTxovnas (mtkicebis sagani); g) mopasuxis Sesageblis Sinaarsi da xasiaTi; d) faqtebi, romlebic safuZvlad udevs mopasuxis Sesagebels; e) faqtebi, romlebzec ar davoben mxareebi da faqtebi, romlebic sadavoa; v) mtkicebulebebi, romlebic warmodgenilia mxareebis mier am sadavo faqtebis dasadastureblad; mosamarTlis moxsenebaSi SeiZleba miTiTebuli iyos sxva iseT garemoebebzec, romlebsac aqvT mniSvneloba am saqmisaTvis da piradad mxareebisaTvis. magaliTad, Tu mopasuxem, miuxedavad sasamarTlos gafrTxilebisa, ar warmoadgina werilobiTi Sesagebeli (201-e muxli) amis Sesaxeb unda iTqvas moxsenebaSi da a.S. 2. amis Semdeg sasamarTlo sityvas axsna-ganmartebisaTvis aZlevs mxareebs, pirvelad sityva eZleva mosarCeles da mis mxareze monawile mesame pirs, Semdeg ki sasamarTlo moismens mopasuxisa da mis mxareze monawile mesame piris axsna-ganmartebebs. axsna-ganmartebis win mosamarTlem unda ganumartos mxareebs rom maT ar gaimeoron is, rac ukve iTqva mosamarTlis mier, aramed aRniSnon Tu raime aqvT dasamatebeli an dasazustebeli da ramdenad sworad iyo gagebuli da gadmocemuli maTi moTxovnisa da Sesageblis arsi da Sinaarsi da, Tu es saWiroa, korektireba gaukeTon mosamarTlis moxsenebas, moiTxovon misi dazusteba. - mxareTa axsna-ganmarteba, mowmis Cvenebisagan gansxvavebiT, ori nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirveli - esaa mxaris mosazreba, misi Sexeduleba saqmis arsze mTlianad, romelic emyareba saqmeSi arsebul masalebs da kanons. meore - esaa mxaris Cveneba saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone ama Tu im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romlis 397 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali uSualo mxilveli (mowme) TviTonaa, an romlis Sesaxeb cnobebi mas gaaCnia. am TvalsazrisiT mxaris axsna-ganmarteba Zalian hgavs mowmis Cvenebas da amitom igi, rogorc mtkicebis damoukidebeli saSualebis wyaro, Seuclelia, mis axsna-ganmartebas am nawilSi ver Secvlis advokatic (127-e muxli). - mosarCelem sagangebo yuradReba unda dauTmos im garemoebebis dadasturebas, romlebsac emyareba. man unda miuTiTos, Tu romeli faqtebis Sesaxeb ar davobs, an romel faqtebs aRiarebs, xolo romelsac ar aRiarebs, riT adasturebs mas. mis mxareze monawile mesame pirma yovelnairad unda Seuwyos xeli mosarCeles procesis mogebaSi, risTvisac man unda miuTiTos da daadasturos Tavisi pozicia mtkicebulebaTa moSveliebiT. 3. igive wesiT unda Camoayalibos Tavisi axsna-ganmarteba mopasuxemac. Tu man werilobiT warudgina sasamarTlos Tavisi Sesagebeli, maSin rac SeiZleba mokled unda Seexos am Sesagebels im TvalsazrisiT, Tu raime sworad ver gaigo mosamarTlem, agreTve miuTiTos romeli faqtebis Sesaxeb ar davobs, romeli faqtebi SeiZleba CaiTvalos damtkicebulad da romeli ara da a.S. mxareebs SeiZleba miscen SekiTxvebi 221-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari). 4. mxareTa gamosvlis Semdeg sityva eZleva maT warmomadgenlebs, pirvelad sasamarTlo moismens mosarCelis warmomadgenlis gamosvlas, xolo Semdeg mopasuxis warmomadgenlis gamosvlas. am warmomadgenelTa gamosvla unda efuZnebodes saqmis masalebs da mxareTa mier zepirad gakeTebul axsna-ganmartebebs. maT gamosvlaSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania saqmis samarTlebrivi analizi, im faqtebis iuridiuli Sefaseba, romlebic maTi azriT dadasturebulia saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebiT. saqmis masalebisa da kanonmdeblobis analizis safuZvelze warmomadgenlis (advokatis) mier warmoTqmuli mosazreba aris misi daskvna mTlianad saqmis an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesaxeb. 398 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 2171. magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilva 1. magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi samoqalaqo saqmeebi ganixileba daCqarebuli wesiT. 2. saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva iwyeba mosamarTlis mier saqmeze moxsenebiT, rac unda Seexebodes sadavo faqtobriv garemoebebs. saqmis moxsenebis Semdeg mosamarTles ufleba aqvs mxareebs dausvas SekiTxvebi, romlebic xels Seuwyobs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovan faqtobriv garemoebaTa dadgenas da am garemoebebis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebis gamokvlevas. sasamarTlos nebarTviT TiToeul mxares SeuZlia SekiTxva dausvas mowinaaRmdege mxares da mis warmomadgenels sadavo faqtobriv garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT. mtkicebulebaTa gamoqyeyneba ar aris savaldebulo. saqmis ganxilva mTavrdeba mxareTa paeqrobiT da replikiT. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjadi saqmeebi, - miuxedavad imisa, Tu romeli mosamarTle ixilavs mas - uSualod magistrati mosamarTle, Tu raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTle, roca ama Tu im administraciul teritoriul erTeulSi ar moqmedebs magistrati mosamarTle, an misi aryofnis SemTxvevaSi (me-13 muxlis me-3 naw.) - ganixileba „daCqarebuli wesiT“. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi ar icnobs da ar gansazRvravs „daCqarebulad“ saqmeTa ganxilvis wesebs. amitom, am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesi unda gavigoT rogorc survili an mowode399 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ba, romelic kargi iqneba Tu gavrceldeba aramarto magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmeebze, aramed saerTod yvela kategoriis saqmeebze da yvela instanciis sasamarTloebze. sasamarTloebSi saqmeTa droulad („daCqarebulad“) ganxilvis erTaderTi garantiaa samoqalaqo saqmeTa sasamarTloSi warmoebis ssk-iT dadgenili wesebis zustad da ganuxrelad dacva. amitom, sasamarTloebma swored am wesebis dacviT saqmeTa ganxilvas unda miaqcion mTavari yuradReba. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili principulad ar gansxavdeba 217-e muxliT gansazRvruli samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis wesisagan. ori garemoeba iqcevs mxolod yuradRebas: erTi - saqmis moxsenebis Semdeg mosamarTles SeuZlia mxareebs dausvas SekiTxvebi, ise rom jer ar mousminos maT axsna-ganmartebas, da meore saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebaTa gamoqveyneba ar aris savaldebulo. amasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba aRiniSnos Semdegi: pirveli - sasamarTloSi mxareTa gamoZaxeba warmoebs axsna-ganmartebis misaRebad. sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadebul mxares sruli ufleba aqvs misces sasamarTlos axsna-ganmarteba da aravis, maT Soris saqmis ganmxilvel mosamarTles ufleba ar aqvs waarTvas mxares es ufleba. rac Seexeba mosamarTlis SekiTxvebs mxareebisadmi, agreTve mxareTa SekiTxvebs erTmaneTis mimarT, aseT SekiTxvebs SeiZleba hqondeT erTaderTi mizani Seavsos xarvezi, romelic yovelTvis axlavs Tavisufali TxrobiT mxaris an mowmis mier gadmocemul axsna-ganmartebas da Cvenebas (ix. 222-e muxlis komentari). meore - saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebaTa gamoqveyneba sasamarTlo sxdomaze araa savaldebulo arc magistrati mosamarTlis gansjadi saqmeebis da arc sxva kategoriis saqmeTa ganxilvis dros. amasTan erTad, nebismieri „saqmis ganxilva mTavrdeba mxareTa paeqrobiT da replikiT“. 400 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 218. moqmedeba, romelsac asrulebs mosamarTle mxareTa morigebis mizniT 1. sasamarTlom yovelnairad unda Seuwyos xeli da miiRos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela zoma, raTa mxareebma saqme morigebiT daamTavron. 2. mosamarTles SeuZlia miuTiTos davis gadawyvetis SesaZlo Sedegebze da mxareebs SesTavazos morigebis pirobebi. 1. jer kidev saqmis mozadebis stadiaze mosamarTles evaleba miiRos yvela zoma mxareTa morigebisaTvis, magram Tu es maSin ver moxerxda, man kvlav unda miiRos Sesabamisi zomebi maTi morigebisaTvis mTavar sxdomaze. mxareTa morigeba - esaa urTierTdaTmobis gziT mxareTa Soris dadebuli g arigeba, romelic axleburad gansazRvravs maT uflebebsa da movaleobebs. faqtiurad mxareTa morigebiT saqmis damTavreba niSnavs mxareTa Soris wamoWrili davis TviT am mxareebis mier gadawyvetas, rac yovelTvis da yvelgan iTvleboda davis gadawyvetis yvelaze saukeTeso formad. saqme isaa, rom morigebiT saqmis damTavrebis SemTxvevaSi xdeba davis (konfliqtis) aramarto iuridiulad, aramed faqtobrivadac gadawyveta, maSin rodesac sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT dava ki gadawydeba iuridiulad erTxel da samudamod, magram faqtiurad mxareTa Soris wamoWrili dava SeiZleba gagrZeldes da zogjer kidev ufro gamwvavdes, gansakuTrebiT rodesac sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba araa sakmaod dasabuTebuli da damajerebeli. 2. am muxlis meore nawili pirdapir miuTiTebs sasamarTlos aqtiur rolze mxareTa morigebis mizniT. es imas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlom damajereblad unda ganumartos mxareebs saqmis morigebiT damTavrebis upiratesobaze, mizanSewonilobaze da misi orive mx401 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali arisaTvis xelsayrelobaze. SesTavazos maT morigebis pirobebi da amiT moaxdinos maTze saWiro zemoqmedeba am TvalsazrisiT. rac Seexeba davis gadawyvetis SesaZlo Sedegebze miTiTebas, aq mosamarTlem unda gamoiCinos gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile: mxare SeiZleba ar wavides morigebaze, Tu mosamarTlem ganacxada („miuTiTa“) rom dava SeiZleba gadawydes ama Tu im mxaris sasargeblod an sarCeli SeiZleba dakmayofildes mTlianad an nawilobriv da da.S. arc morigebis win da arc morigebis Semdeg SeiZleba ar iyos mizanSewonili „davis gadawyvetis SesaZlo Sedegebze miTiTeba“. muxli 219. axal garemoebebze miTiTeba 1. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis mosmenis dros maT SeiZleba wamoayenon axali mosazrebebi, an miuTiTon axal garemoebebze, romelTa Sesaxebac ar yofila gancxadebuli saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze an mxareTa zepiri Sejibrebis dawyebamde. 2. sasamarTlo gaiTvaliswinebs am axal garemoebebsa da mtkicebulebebs, Tu cnobs, rom maT Sesaxeb Tavis droze ar iyo gancxadebuli sapatio mizeziT da rom es ar momxdara saqmis gaWianurebis mizniT. mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba, raTa moemzados am axali garemoebebisa Tu mtkicebulebebis gasaqarwyeblad. 3. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs 216-e muxliT. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili ar ukrZalavs mxareebs wamoayenon mTavar sxdomaze TavianT axsna-ganmartebebSi axali mosazrebebi da miuTiTon axal garemoebebze. 402 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari axali iqneba iseTi garemoebebi, romlebic adre ar iyo gamoTqmuli da wamoyenebuli. magaliTad, Tu mopasuxem ar warudgina sasamarTlos werilobiTi Sesagebeli momzadebis stadiaze (201-e muxli), es ar arTmevs mas uflebas zepiri formiT Camoayalibos Tavisi Sesagebeli mTavar sxdomaze, magram es ukve iqneba axali garemoebebi (mosazrebebi), romlebic adre ar iyo cnobili. igive SeiZleba iTqvas mosarCelezec, romelic Tavis zepir axsna-ganmartebaSi mTavar sxdomaze uTiTebs iseT axal garemoebebze da mtkicebulebebze, romlebic ar iyo miTiTebuli misi sarCelis safuZvelSi an kidev, mis mier adre warmodgenil werilobiT masalebSi. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili, romlis adresatia sasamarTlo, Seicavs praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT uaRresad mniSvnelovan danawess: sasamarTlo ar gaiTvaliswinebs am axal garemoebebs, ar miiRebs araviTar mtkicebulebebs, angariSs ar gauwevs axal mosazrebebs, Tu isini sapatio mizezis gareSe ar iyo warmodgenili Tavis droze, e. i. am saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. amrigad, mizezis sapatioba, aris axlad wamoyenebuli garemoebebis, mtkicebulebebis, mosazrebebis gansaxilvelad da gasaanalizeblad daSvebis winapiroba, magram ara maTi gaziarebis Tu dakmayofilebis safuZveli. 3. Tu sasamarTlo, sapatio mizezis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, dauSvebs gansaxilvelad am axal garemoebebs an miiRebs axal mtkicebulebebs, mowinaaRmdege mxares, romelsac miaCnia, rom am axali garemoebebisa da mtkicebulebebis gasaqarwyleblad dro sWirdeba, SeuZlia moiTxovos saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba 216-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari). muxli 220. axsna-ganmartebis miReba gamocxadebuli pirisagan Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxaddeba mxolod erTi mxare, sasamarTlo miiRebs axsna-ganmartebas am erTi mxarisagan. 403 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali _ gamocxadebuli mxarisagan axsna-ganmartebis miReba aramarto mizanSewonilia, aramed aucilebelic (130-e muxli). praqtikulad araa gamoricxuli SemTxveva, rodesac gamocxadebuli erT-erTi mxare, vTqvaT mosarCele, uars ityvis sarCelze, an kidev, mopasuxe _ cnobs sarCels. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba, romelic daefuZneba mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobas, an kidev, ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, romelsac safuZvlad daedeba mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma (272-e muxli `g~ qvepunqti). _ Tu gamocxadebuli mxare moiTxovs dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos igi 229-e da 230-e muxlebis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlebis komentari). muxli 221. mxareTa SekiTxvebi sasamarTlos nebarTviT TiToeul mxares SeuZlia SekiTxva misces mowinaaRmdege mxares da mis warmomadgenels. Tu SekiTxva uadgilo an Seuferebelia da ar emsaxureba saqmis garemoebis gamokvlevasa da dadgenas, sasamarTlos, mxaris TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia moxsnas aseTi SekiTxva. SekiTxvis Seusabamod an uadgilod miCneva da misi moxsna SeuZlia mosamarTles erTpirovnulad, anda sasamarTlos _ kolegiurad, roca saqmes kolegiuri sasamarTlo ganixilavs. _ SekiTxva unda emsaxurebodes saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis dadgenas. Tu SekiTxva am mizans ar emsaxureba, uadgiloa, an arRvevs eTikis normebs, mosamarTlem dauyovnebliv unda moxsnas aseTi SekiTxva. 404 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari _ SekiTxvis moxsnis sakiTxi SeiZleba daayenos mxarem (warmomadgenelma). SekiTxva Tavisi iniciativiT (mxaris Suamdgomlobis gareSec) SeuZlia moxsnas mosamarTlem, kolegiis Tavmjdomarem, an sasamarTlos kolegiam erTmaneTTan moTaTbirebis Sedegad. muxli 222. mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebi mosamarTles, romelic erTpirovnulad ganixilavs saqmes, kolegiuri sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaresa da mis nebismier wevrs ufleba aqvT mxareebs miscen SekiTxvebi, romlebic xels Seuwyoben saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebaTa srulad da zustad gansazRvras, am garemoebebis dasadastureblad mtkicebulebaTa gamovlenasa da sasamarTloSi wardgenas, maTi utyuarobis gamorkvevas. _ SekiTxvebis micemis rigiToba ar vrceldeba sasamarTloze. mosamarTles SeuZlia misces SekiTxva mxares nebismier dros, oRond mas Semdeg, roca mxare daamTavrebs axsna-ganmartebis gadmocemas. _ axsna-ganmartebis gadmocemis procesSi mosamarTles SeuZlia mxares misces ara SekiTxva, aramed SeniSvna imis Sesaxeb, rom man ilaparakos mxolod saqmis Sesaxeb da Sewyvitos saubari iseT sakiTxebze da garemoebebze, romlebsac am saqmisaTvis raime mniSvneloba ar aqvT. muxli 223. mxareTa Sejibrebis xelmZRvaneloba 1. mxareTa Sejibrebas xelmZRvanelobs sasamarTlo. igi xsnis, warmarTavs da wyvets Sejibrebas, sityvas aZlevs an sityvis uflebas arTmevs yvelas, vinc ar emorCileba mas; aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, saqmis zepiri 405 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ganxilvis interesebidan gamomdinare, sityvis dasrulebisaTvis mxares ganusazRvravs dros; iRebs gadawyvetilebebs zepiri Sejibrebis dros wamoWril sakiTxebze da acxadebs am gadawyvetilebebs. 2. sasamarTlo iRebs am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul zomebs, raTa saqme yovelmxriv iqnes gamokvleuli, mxareTa paeqroba zedmetad ar gaWianurdes da ar garTuldes da saqmis ganxilva damTavrdes rac SeiZleba swrafad _ erT sasamarTlo sxdomaze da, Tu SesaZlebelia, _ Sesvenebis gareSe. 1. aramarto mxareTa Sejibrebas, aramed samoqalaqo saqmis warmoebas mTlianad xelmZRvanelobs sasamarTlo. amisaTvis sasamarTlos aqvs erTi didi orientiri _ samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi, romelic amomwuravad gansazRvravs saqmis warmoebis wess da maT Soris mxareTa zepir Sejibrebas. _ mxareebma jer kidev procesis sawyis etapze _ sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis momentidan, unda gaacnobieron, rom saqmis momzadebas (werilobiT Sejibrebas), mis ganxilvas (zepir Sejibrebas) da gadawyvetas xelmZRvanelobs sasamarTlo da, rom igi uflebas ver miscems Tavis Tavsa da miT umetes mxares, daarRvios saqmis warmoebis kanoniT gansazRvruli wesebi. _ mxareTa zepiri Sejibreba saqmis warmoebis yvelaze rTuli nawilia. am dros sWirdeba sasamarTlos gansakuTrebuli yuradReba da principuloba. sasamarTlom araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda dauSvas mxareTa mier mwvave da urTierTSeuracxmyofeli gamoTqmebi, man unda Seawyvetinos sityva yvelas vinc ar emorCileba. nebismieri gadawyvetileba, romelsac igi miiRebs procesis msvlelobis dros, maSinve unda gamocxaddes. - sityvis dasrulebisaTvis drois gansazRvris aucilebloba (rac SeiZleba mTeli rigi gaugebrobebi moyves) ar warmoiSoba Tu sasamarTlo uflebas ar miscems mxa406 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari reebs da maT warmomadgenlebs ilaparakon iseT sakiTxebze, romlebsac ar aqvT mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis. 2. Tu saqme kargad iyo momzadebuli, rogorc amas es kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs, Tu TviTon sasamarTloc kargadaa momzadebuli da saqmis ganxilva zedmetad da usargeblod ar Wianurdeba _ sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma da saqmis gadawyveta Zalian swrafad, Sesvenebis gareSe unda damTavrdes. muxli 224. mosarCelis mier sarCelis Secvlisa da mopasuxis mier Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris Sesaxeb sakiTxebis gadawyvetis wesi 1. mosarCelis mier sarCelis safuZvlisa Tu sagnis Secvlis an sasarCelo moTxovnis gadidebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs 83-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT. 2. mopasuxis mier Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvrisa da sasamarTlos mier misi miRebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs 188190-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. 1. mosarCeles ufleba aqvs Secvalos sarCelis safuZveli an sagani, gaadidos Tavisi moTxovna saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. saqmis momzadebis stadia damTavrebulad iTvleba mas Semdeg, rodesac sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas saqmis sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (207-e muxli). _ mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Semdeg an uSualod mTavar sxdomaze mosarCeles SeuZlia Secvalos sarCeli, an gaadidos sasarCelo moTxovna, magram amisaTvis ukve saWiroa mopasuxis winaswari Tanxmoba (83-e muxlis me-3 nawili). _ yvela SemTxvevaSi, romel etapzec ar unda Secvalos mosarCelem sarCeli, mopasuxes winaswar unda ecnobos, raTa igi moemzados Secvlili sarCelis wina407 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali aRmdeg TavdacvisaTvis da miiRos gadawyvetileba aseT Secvlaze Tanxmobis Sesaxeb, roca amas kanoni iTvaliswinebs. 2. mopasuxes SeuZlia aRZras Segebebuli sarCeli saqmis momzadebis damTavrebamde, e.i. mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Sesaxeb ganCinebis miRebamde (207-e muxli). _ am vadis gaSvebis Semdeg mopasuxes SeuZlia aRZras Segebebuli sarCeli, sasamarTlo paeqtrobis dawyebamde (188-e muxli) Tu sasamarTlo sapatiod miiCnevs vadis gaSvebas. sapatio mizezebis dadasturebis tvirTi ekisreba mopasuxes, romelmac unda miuTiTos da daamtkicos iseTi garemoebis arseboba, romelmac xeli SeuSala mas Tavis droze aReZra Segebebuli sarCeli. _ amrigad, Segebebuli sarCelis Tavis droze aRuZvrelobis mizezis sapatiooba, aris am sarCelis dasaSvebobis, misi gansaxilvelad miRebis erT-erTi piroba. sxva mxriv, igi unda pasuxobdes yvela moTxovnas, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 189-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari). muxli 225. warmodgenil mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba mxareTa da mesame pirTa axsna-ganmartebis mosmenis Semdeg sasamarTlo am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT amowmebs warmodgenil mtkicebulebebs. sasamarTlo am kodeqsis 104-e muxlis Sesabamisad saqmidan amoiRebs mtkicebulebebs da saqmeSi warmodgenil im dokumentebs, romlebsac saqmisaTvis ara aqvT mniSvneloba. _ mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebas sasamarTlo axdens ori TvalsazrisiT: erTi, ramdenad sarwmuno da utyuaria warmodgenili mtkicebuleba, da meore, ra daskvnebis gakeTeba SeiZleba am mtkicebulebebidan saqmisaTvis 408 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis (saZiebeli faqtebis) arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb. _ mtkicebulebaTa sarwmunoobisa Tu utyuarobis Semowmebis mizniT sasamarTlom uSualod unda mousminos mxareebs, mesame pirebs, Tanamonawileebs, Seadaros maTi axsna-ganmartebebi erTmaneTs. man uSualod unda dakiTxos da mousminos mowmeebs, daaTvalieros nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, moaxdinos adgilze daTvaliereba, daniSnos eqspertiza, moiwvios specialisti da a. S. yvela es moqmedeba sasamarTlom unda Seasrulos kanoniT dadgenili wesiT da, bolos, moaxdinos yvela Sekrebili masalis, saqmeSi arsebuli yvela mtkicebulebis SedarebiTi gamokvleva. Tu aseTi Sedarebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom saqmeSi arsebobs urTierTsawinaaRmdego mtkicebulebebi, sasamarTlom unda aRmofxvras es winaaRmdegoba, risTvisac SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes mxareebisgan ganmeorebiT axsna-ganmartebis miReba, mowmeTa ganmeorebiT dakiTxva, eqspertizis, maT Soris damatebiTi da ganmeorebiTi eqspertizis daniSvna da a. S. - Tu mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba - Sefasebis dros aRmoCndeba, rom saqmeSi aris iseTi mtkicebulebebi da masalebi, romlebsac saqmisaTvis ar aqvs mniSvneloba, sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT amoiRebs maT saqmidan 104-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari). muxli 226. mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebis damTavreba saqmeSi arsebuli yvela mtkicebulebis ganxilvisa da Semowmebis Semdeg sasamarTlo ekiTxeba mxareebsa da warmomadgenlebs, xom ar surT raime daumaton saqmis masalebs. Tu aseTi survili ar gamoiTqva, sasamarTlo saqmis gamokvlevas damTavrebu- 409 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali lad acxadebs, ris Semdegac iwyeba mxareTa paeqroba. mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevisa da Semowmebis procesSi aqtiurad monawileoben mxareebi da maTi warmomadgenlebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT da sruli ufleba aqvT aramarto SekiTxvebi miscen erTmaneTs, mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs, aramed gamoTqvan TavianTi dasabuTebuli mosazreba saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb, am mtkicebulebaTa utyuarobisa da sarwmunoobis Sesaxeb. _ bolos, mas Semdeg, rac mxareTa monawileobiT gamokvleuli iqneba yvela warmodgenili mtkicebuleba, sasamarTlo kvlav unda SeekiTxos mxareebs, xom ar surT raime daumaton saqmis masalebs, Tu maT araferi aqvT dasamatebeli, sasamarTlo gadadis mxareTa paeqrobaze. _ am momentidan saqmis gamokvleva damTavrebulad iTvleba. muxli 227. mxareTa paeqroba 1. paeqroba Sedgeba mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis sityvebisagan. 2. pirvelad gamodian mosarCele da misi warmomadgeneli. Semdeg _ mopasuxe da misi warmomadgeneli, mesame piri, romelmac ganacxada dawyebul procesSi davis saganze damoukidebeli moTxovna, da misi warmomadgeneli gamodian mxareebis Semdeg. mesame piri, romelsac davis saganze damoukidebeli moTxovna ar ganucxadebia, da misi warmomadgeneli gamodian im mosarCelis an mopasuxis Semdeg, romlis mxarezedac mesame piri monawileobs saqmeSi. 410 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari paeqroba _ esaa Semajamebeli sityva. paeqrobaSi monawileoba da maSasadame, Semajamebeli sityvis warmoTqmis ufleba aqvT mxareebs, Tanamonawileebs, mesame pirebs damoukidebeli moTxovniT Tu mis gareSe, warmomadgenlebs. _ mopaeqre Tavis sityvaSi unda Seecados gaanalizos saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebi, aRniSnos saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone romeli garemoebebi (faqtebi) dasturdeba, am mtkicebulebebiT, romeli garemoebebi (faqtebi) ver dadasturda da romel mxares ekisreboda maTi dadasturebis (damtkicebis) tvirTi. mxares SeuZlia sabolood Camoayalibos Tu romeli garemoebebi dadasturda mtkicebulebebis meSveobiT da romeli kanoni unda iqnes gamoyenebuli am saqmis gadawyvetis dros. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs paeqrobaSi monawileTa rigiTobas, romelic zustad unda daicvas sasamarTlom. _ paeqrobas xelmZRvanelobs sasamarTlo, romelmac ar unda dauSvas iseTi gamosvla, romelic scildeba paeqrobis mizans. _ SekiTxvebi mopaeqris mimarT dauSvebelia. muxli 228. replika 1. mas Semdeg, rac paeqrobis yoveli monawile warmoTqvams sityvas, maT SeuZliaT xelmeored gamovidnen warmoTqmul sityvasTan dakavSirebiT. ukanaskneli replikis ufleba yovelTvis ekuTvniT mopasuxes da mis warmomadgenels. 2. mxareTa paeqrobis Semdeg sasamarTlo gadis gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, ris Sesaxebac ucxadebs sxdomis darbazSi damswre pirebs. 411 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 1. replika _ esaa xelmeored gamosvla, rac ganpirobebulia paeqrobaSi monawile pirisaTvis pasuxis gacemis saWiroebiT. _ replikis, anu sapasuxo gamosvlis rigiToba unda Seesabamebodes paeqrobaSi monawileobis rigiTobas (227-e muxlis me-2 nawili), oRond imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ukanaskneli replikis ufleba yovelTvis aqvs mopasuxes da mis warmomadgenels. _ replika _ esaa ufleba, romliTac SeuZliaT isargeblon, magram SeuZliaT uari Tqvan masze. 2. paeqrobiT mTavrdeba mTavari sxdoma da sasamarTlo gadis gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad. _ saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlis win sasamarTlom yovelTvis unda gamoacxados, rom igi gadis gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad. 412 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari T a v i XXVI dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba muxli 229. mosarCelis gamoucxadebloba 1. Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze ar gamocxaddeba mosarCele, romelsac gaegzavna Setyobineba 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT, mopasuxis Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. 2. Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, rasac ukavSirdeba 276278-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegebi. Tu mopasuxe sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis winaaRmdegia, sasamarTlo gadadebs saqmis ganxilvas. mosarCelis ganmeorebiT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas. 1. Tu sasamarTlos sxdomaze gamocxadda mopasuxe, magram ar gamocxadda mosarCele, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba mosarCelis gamoucxadeblobis gamo, magram, mxolod ori pirobis erTdroulad arsebobisas: pirveli _ mopasuxe Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe, raTa man gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb; meore _ ar arsebobs dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis damabrkolebeli garemoebebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia 233-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT (ix. am muxlis komentari). 413 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali _ gamoucxadebeli mosarCelis winaaRmdeg dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dros sasamarTlo ar afasebs saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs da arc mTlianad saqmes samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT. mas gamoaqvs dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb mosarCelis gamoucxadeblobis gamo da ara saqmis masalebis mixedviT. 2. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mopasuxe dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis winaaRmdegia, maSin sasamarTlom unda gaarkvios Tanaxma iqneba Tu ara mopasuxe rom sasamarTlom sarCeli ganuxilvelad datovos. Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (275-e muxlis `g~ qvepunqti), xolo Tu mopasuxe amis winaaRmdegia, maSin sasamarTlo gadadebs saqmis ganxilvas. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebisas sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs ssk 216-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari). _ Tu gadadebuli saqmis gansaxilvelad daniSnul sasamarTlos sxdomaze kvlav gamocxadda mopasuxe, magram ar gamocxadda mosarCele, sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, risTvisac mopasuxis Tanxmoba saWiro aRar aris, magram dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis sxva pirobebi (233-e muxlis pirveli nawili) saWiroa. 3. sasamarTlo praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis TvalsazrisiT, rodesac saqmeSi monawileobs ramdenime mosarCele an ramdenime mopasuxe da sxdomaze cxaddeba mxolod nawili. _ Tu sarCeli wardgenilia erTad ramdenime mosarCelis mier imis gamo, rom sarCelis sagans warmoadgens saerTo ufleba (86-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~ qvepunqti), an, roca sarCeli wardgenilia ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg (magaliTad, roca pasuxismgebloba solidarulia), e. i. roca Tanamonawileoba sa414 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari valdebuloa, maSin ramdenime mosarCelidan erTis gamocxadeba an ramdenime mopasuxidan erT-erTis gamocxadeba sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom gamoitanos ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba. savaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros erTi Tanamonawilis gamocxadeba niSnavs yvela Tanamonawilis gamocxadebas (ix. 86-e muxlis komentari). _ Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva moTxovna sxvadasxva mopasuxis mimarT, maSin gamocxadebuli mopasuxis mimarT gamotanili unda iqnes Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba, xolo gamoucxadebeli mopasuxis (mopasuxeebis) mimarT _ dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. _ Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva mosarCelis sxvadasxva moTxovnebi sxvadasxva mopasuxis mimarT, maSin SeiZleba gamoucxadebel mosarCeleTa Tu mopasuxeTa mimarT gamotanil iqnes dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, xolo gamocxadebulebis mimarT _ Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba (ix. 182-e muxlis me-3 nawilis komentari). muxli 230. mopasuxis gamoucxadebloba 1. Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze ar gamocxaddeba mopasuxe, romelsac gaegzavna Setyobineba am kodeqsis 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT, da mosarCele Suamdgomlobs dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanaze, maSin sarCelSi miTiTebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi damtkicebulad iTvleba. 2. Tu sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi iuridiulad amarTlebs sasarCelo moTxovnas, sarCeli dakmayofildeba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo uars etyvis mosarCeles mis dakmayofilebaze. 415 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 1. Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadda mosarCele, magram ar gamocxadda mopasuxe, sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb sami pirobis erTdroulad arsebobisas: pirveli _ mosarCele Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe, raTa man gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb mopasuxis gamoucxadeblobis gamo; meore _ ar arsebobs dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis damabrkolebeli garemoebebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia 233-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT (ix. am muxlis komentari) da mesame _ sarCelSi miTiTebuli da mopasuxis gamoucxadeblobis gamo damtkicebulad CaTvlili garemoebebi iuridiulad amarTleben moTxovnas. 2. ise rogorc mosarCelis gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi (229-e muxli), mopasuxis gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSic sarCelis safuZvelSi miTiTebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi iTvleba damtkicebulad, magram mxolod es araa sakmarisi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanisaTvis mosarCelis sasargeblod. amisaTvis, agreTve saWiroa rom es damtkicebulad CaTvlili faqtobrivi garemoebebi iuridiulad amarTlebdes mosarCelis moTxovnas, e. i. kanoni ukavSirebdes im Sedegs, romlis dadgomac surs mosarCeles. Tu mopasuxis gamoucxadeblobis gamo damtkicebulad CaTvlili garemoebebi iuridiulad ar amarTleben mosarCelis moTxovnas, maSin sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba, romliTac uari unda eTqvas sxdomaze gamocxadebul mosarCeles sarCelze. magram, Tu aRniSnuli garemoebebi mosarCelis moTxovnas iuridiulad amarTleben, sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, mosarCele moiTxovs mopasuxisa da misi ojaxis wevrebis binidan gamosaxlebas im garemoebebis safuZvelze, rom man es bina SeiZina auqcionze, gaxda misi mesakuTre, rac registrirebulia sajaro re416 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari estrSi, xolo am binis yofili mesakuTre aris mopasuxe, romelmac dakarga biniT sargeblobis ufleba.magram winaaRmdegia gaaTavisuflos bina da Tanaxmaa gadaixados binis qira. mosarCeles ki unda am binis sastumrod gadakeTeba. mopasuxis mTavar sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobis gamo, yvela es faqtebi dadasturebulad unda CaiTvalos, magram sasamarTlom es faqtebi unda Seafasos iuridiulad. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 307-e muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad: `axal SemZenze sakuTrebis gadasvliT Zveli mesakuTre ganixileba damqiraveblad sabazro pirobebis Sesabamisad~. amrigad, mosarCelis mier Tavisi moTxovnis dasasabuTeblad sarCelis safuZvelSi miTiTebuli faqtebi ver amarTleben iuridiulad am moTxovnas, amitom sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras mosarCeles sarCelis dakmayofilebaze Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT da es iqneba ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba, aqedan gamomdinare yvela Tavisi SedegiT. sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis moiTxovs sasamarTloebisagan, raTa maT mtkiced daicvan 230-e muxlis me-2 nawilis danawesi da kargad Seamowmon Tu ramdenad amarTleben iuridiulad sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi mosarCelis sasarCelo moTxovnas.30 _ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mopasuxis gamoucxadeblobis gamo sarCelSi miTiTebuli da damtkicebulad CaTvlili garemoebebi nawilobriv amarTleben, magram nawilobriv ar amarTleben iuridiulad mosarCelis moTxovnebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos erTi saproceso dokumenti _ `gadawyvetileba _ dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba~, romelSic aRniSnuli iqneba, Tu ra nawilSi dakmayofilda mosarCelis moTxovna da ra nawilSi eTqva mas uari. moTxovnis is nawili, romlis dakmayofilebaze uari eTqva mosarCeles _ aisaxeba erTiani saproceso dokumentis im nawilSi, romelsac `gadawyvetileba~ ewodeba, xolo moT30 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001,#6, gv.550-551 417 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali xovnis is nawili, romelic dakmayofilda _ aisaxeba am dokumentis im nawilSi, romelsac `dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba~ ewodeba. 3. Tu sarCeli wardgenilia erTad ramdenime mosarCelis mier imis gamo, rom sarCelis sagans warmoadgens saerTo ufleba (86-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqti), maSin am ramdenime mosarCelisagan erTis gamocxadebis SemTxvevaSic (roca mopasuxe ar gamocxadda) gamotanili unda iqnes erTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba yvela (da ara mxolod erTi gamocxadebuli) mosarCelis sasargeblod. _ Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva mosarCelis sxvadasxva moTxovnebi sxvadasxva an erTi mopasuxis mimarT, maSin Tu ar gamocxadda mopasuxe (mopasuxeebi), magram gamocxaddnen mosarCeleebi, gamotanili iqneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba yvela mosarCelis sasargeblod, magram Tu gamocxadda erTi (an meti), magram ar gamocxaddnen sxvebi, maSin gamocxadebuli mosarCelis sasargeblod gamotanili iqneba dauswrebeli, xolo gamoucxadebeli mosarCeleebis moTxovnebis mimarT SeiZleba sarCeli ganuxilvelad darCes (231-e muxli). muxli 231. orive mxaris gamoucxadebloba Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxaddeba arc erTi mxare, romlebsac gaegzavnaT Setyobineba 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, rasac ukavSirdeba 276-e da 278-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegebi. _ orive mxaris mTavar sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, oRond erTi aucilebeli pirobiT: Tu mxareebs gaeg418 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari zavnaT Setyobineba 70-78-e muxlebis Sesabamisad da saqmeSi aris amis damadasturebeli dokumenti. _ sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi mosarCeles kvlav SeuZlia aRZras igive sarCeli saerTo wesis dacviT (278-e muxli). es imas niSnavs, rom saqmis ganaxleba, axali sarCelis aRZvris gareSe, rasac zogjer moiTxoven mxareebi, anu ganuxilvelad datovebuli sarCelis `gacocxleba~, dauSvebelia. _ ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT (276-e muxli). muxli 232. sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadebuli mxaris uari monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi gamoucxadeblad iTvleba mxare, romelic, Tumca sasamarTlo sxdomaze daniSnul dros gamocxadda, magram uars ambobs saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobaze. _ praqtikaSi zogjer or gansxvavebul viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme: pirveli _ rodesac mxare gamocxadda, magram ara im ganzraxviT, rom monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi. am muxlis pirdapiri danawesis mixedviT, aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba; da meore _ rodesac mxare gamocxadda im ganzraxviT, rom monawileoba miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi, daiwyo kidec monawileoba, magram procesis ama Tu im etapze, datova sxdoma an imis gamo, rom sasamarTlom misi Suamdgomloba ar daakmayofila, an SeiZleba imis gamo, rom procesis msvlelobis mixedviT misi pozicia arc ise saimedo aRmoCnda. am SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba im mxaris winaaRmdeg, romelmac miatova sxdoma. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba an saqmis masalebis mixedviT gadawyvetilebis gamota419 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali na aseTi mxaris waxaliseba iqneboda, miT ufro, Tu saqmis masalebi misTvis xelsayreli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis safuZveli SeiZleba gaxdes. _ saqmis ganxilvis dawyebis win (217-e muxli) sasamarTlom unda gaafrTxilos mxareebi, rom saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobis miuRebloba an sxdomis mitoveba saqmis ganxilvis nebismier etapze da sasamarTlos nebarTvis gareSe, miCneul iqneba rogorc gamoucxadebloba da gamotanili iqneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. muxli 233. sasamarTlos dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dauSvebloba sasamarTlos dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana dauSvebelia, Tu: a) gamoucxadebeli mxare mowveuli ar iyo 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT; b) sasamarTlosaTvis cnobili gaxda, rom adgili hqonda dauZlevel Zalas an sxva movlenebs, romlebsac SeeZloT xeli SeeSalaT sasamarTloSi mxaris droulad gamocxadebisaTvis; g) gamoucxadebel mxares droulad ar ecnoba saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesaxeb; d) ar arsebobs sarCelis aRZvris winapirobebi. 2. am muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~, `b~ da `g~ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebuli erT-erTi garemoebis arsebobisas sasamarTlo saqmis ganxilvas sxva droisaTvis niSnavs, ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs gamoucxadebel mxares da saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebs, xolo `d~„ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli sarCelis aRZvris winapirobebis arsebobisas sasamarTlo Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas 272-e muxlis Sesabamisad. 420 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 1. mxaris gamoucxadeblobis miuxedavad sasamarTlo ver gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas, anu dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana dauSvebelia am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlili garemoebebis arsebobisas. a) mowveulad iTvleba mxare, romelsac uwyeba gaegzavna da Cabarda 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. saqmeSi unda iyos cnoba, rom mas am wesiT uwyeba Cabarda. ar aris aucilebeli, rom uwyeba Cabardes uSualod mxares. uwyeba Cabarebulad iTvleba maSinac, roca igi Cabarda misi ojaxis srulwlovan wevrs, an samuSao adgilis administracias. (ix. 70-78-e muxlebis komentari). b) dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana dauSvebelia maSinac, roca uwyeba Tumca kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gaigzavna da Cabarda mxares, magram sasamarTlosaTvis cnobili gaxda iseTi garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac SeeZloT xeli SeeSalaT mxaris sasamarTloSi droulad gamocxadebisaTvis (miwisZvra, wyaldidoba da a. S.). mniSvneloba ar aqvs, Tu romeli wyaroebidan miiRo sasamarTlom es cnobebi (presa, radio, televizia an sxva nebismieri wyaro). g) 201-e muxli avaldebulebs sasamarTlos droulad gaugzavnos mopasuxes sarCelisa da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebi, agreTve yvela sxva masala, romelic Seicavs informacias im faqtiuri garemoebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic wamoyenebulia mis winaaRmdeg mosarCelis mier. Tavis mxriv sasamarTlos evaleba droulad gadaugzavnos mosarCeles mopasuxis mier warmodgenili werilobiTi Sesagebeli, TandarTuli sabuTis aslebi, Segebebuli sarCeli da a. S. (203-e muxli). _ `droulad ecnobos~ imas niSnavs, rom mxarem aseTi informacia unda miiRos mTavar sxdomamde, ufro zustad, momzadebis stadiaze, xolo gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi am stadiis damTavrebis Semdeg (207-e muxli), magram im angariSiT, rom man SeZlos moemzados Tavis dasacavad. saqmeSi unda arsebobdes cnoba, Tu rodis gaegzavna mxares saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis 421 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali Semcveli cnobebi da amis mixedviT mosamarTlem unda gaakeTos daskvna droulobaze. d) sarCelis aRZvris winapirobebi CamoTvlilia 186e muxlSi. Tu sasamarTlo Tvlis, rom SecdomiT miiRo sarCeli, romelic ar unda mieRo, radgan ar arsebobda misi miRebis winapirobebi, maSin man unda gamoitanos ara dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, aramed ganCineba saqmis Sewyvetis an sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (272-e da 275-e muxlebi). 2. imis mixedviT, Tu ra garemoebiTaa ganpirobebuli dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dauSvebloba, am muxlis meore nawili iTvaliswinebs saqmis ganxilvis sxva droisaTvis gadadebas an saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas. amasTan dakavSirebiT mizanSewonilad migvaCnia gavakeToT Semdegi Sinaarsis daTqma: sarCelis aRZvris winapirobebi miTiTebulia 186-e muxlSi, xolo aRiarebiTi sarCelis mimarT damatebiT 180-e muxlSi (ix. am muxlebis komentari). Tu es winapirobebi ar arsebobs, sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos sarCeli, magram Tu SecdomiT miiRo, maSin _ imis mixedviT, romeli winapiroba ar arsebobs _ unda Sewyvitos saqme an sarCeli ganuxilvelad datovos (272-e da 275-e muxlebi). aqedan gamomdinare, Tu aRmoCndeba, rom ar arsebobs sarCelis aRZvris esa Tu is winapiroba, sasamarTlos SeiZleba mouxdes ara marto saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta, rogorc es miTiTebulia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi, aramed sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba, imis mixedviT, Tu sarCelis aRZvris romeli winapiroba ar arsebobs. muxli 234. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi unda Seesabamebodes 249-e muxlis moTxovnebs samotivacio nawilis Camoyalibebis gareSe. 422 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaSi mokled, magram naTlad da garkveviT unda mieTiTos yvelafer imaze, rac aucileblad unda aisaxos gadawyvetilebebSi saerTod, samotivacio nawilis gareSe (249-e muxli). Tu dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba gamodis mopasuxis gamoucxadeblobis gamo, maSin dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos kanonze (materialur-samarTlebriv normaze), romlis safuZvelze sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi iuridiulad amarTleben mosarCelis moTxovnas (230-e muxlis me-2 nawili). muxli 235. gadawyvetilebis aslis gagzavna mxares, romelic ar gamocxadebula sasamarTloSi, egzavneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis asli misi gamotanidan 5 dRis ganmavlobaSi. _ dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis aslis gadagzavna warmoebs 70-78-e muxlebis mixedviT. igi Cabarebulad iTvleba miuxedavad imisa, uSualod xelze Cabarda mas es gadawyvetileba, Tu igi Cabarda am muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul pirebs. saqmeSi unda iyos cnoba am muxlebis mixedviT dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis Cabarebis Sesaxeb. muxli 236. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba mxares, romelic ar gamocxadebula sasamarTlo sxdomaze, ris gamoc mis winaaRmdeg gamotanilia dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, SeuZlia aseTi gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi Seitanos saCivari dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb. 423 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali _ es muxli gansazRvravs Tu vis SeuZlia gaasaCivros dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba da romel sasamarTloSi SeiZleba am gadawyvetilebis (mxedvelobaSia pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba) gasaCivreba. _ dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gaasaCivros im mxarem, romlis winaaRmdegac is gamotanilia, xolo, Tu igi pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebaa, misi gasaCivreba unda moxdes im sasamarTloSi, romelmac is gamoitana. muxli 237. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis vada dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis vadaa 10 dRe. am vadis gamoTvla iwyeba im dRidan, rodesac mxares Cabarda dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis asli. am vadis gasvlis Semdeg dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba Sedis kanonier ZalaSi. _ dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis 10 dRiani vadis gamoTvla iwyeba im dRidan, roca mxares Cabarda am gadawyvetilebis asli 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. saqmeSi unda iyos cnoba am muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT misi Cabarebis Sesaxeb. _ gasaCivrebis 10 dRiani vadis gasvlis Semdeg dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba Sedis kanonier ZalaSi da igi SeiZleba aRsruldes iZulebiTi wesiT. muxli 238. saCivris Sinaarsi 1. saCivari dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gadasinjvisa da saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb unda Seicavdes: a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac gamoitana dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba; b) saCivris Semtani piris dasaxelebas; 424 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari g) garemoebebs, romlebic adastureben, rom sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoucxadebloba gamowveuli iyo sapatio mizeziT; d) saCivris Semtani piris Txovnas, Tu ra farglebSi unda Seicvalos gadawyvetileba; e) saCivarze TandarTuli masalebis CamonaTvals. 2. saCivari, romelsac xels awers mxare an misi warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlos waredgineba imdeni aslis odenobiT, ramdeni mxarec monawileobs saqmeSi. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs saCivris Sinaarss, moTxovnebs, romlebsac es saCivari unda pasuxobdes. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis erTaderT safuZvels warmoadgens im mizezis sapatioba, romelmac ganapiroba momCivanis gamoucxadebloba. cxadia, rom saCivarSi sagangebo yuradReba unda mieqces im garemoebebze miTiTebas, romlebic adastureben sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobis mizezis sapatiobas (magaliTad, ar iyo mowveuli 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT, adgili hqonda dauZlevel Zalas an sxva stiqiur movlenebs, droulad ar ecnoba saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesaxeb da a. S.). gamoucxadeblobis sapatio mizezis damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba momCivans. CaiTvalos Tu ara es mizezi sapatiod sabolood wyvets sasamarTlo. _ saCivris Semtanma pirma SeiZleba moiTxovos ara mTlianad dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, ganaxleba, Secvla, aramed mxolod misi nawilobriv gauqmeba an Secvla. amitom, SeiZleba momCivanis gamoucxadebloba marTlac sapatio mizeziT iyo gamowveuli, magram sasamarTlom dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda gaauqmos da saqme ganixilos mxolod im nawilSi, ra nawilSiac amas momCivani moiTxovs. ise rogorc Cveulebrivi 425 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali (saboloo) gadawyvetilebis gadasinjvis dros, sasamarTlo am SemTxvevaSic ver gascdeba saCivris farglebs. 2. Tu saCivari dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Semoaqvs ara mxares, aramed mis warmomadgenels (advokats), maSin am saCivars unda erTvodes specialuri uflebamosileba (98-e muxlis pirveli nawili). _ Tu dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Setanili saCivari ar pasuxobs am muxlSi CamoTvlil moTxovnebs, an ar aris gadaxdili saxelmwifo baJi im odenobiT, rac gaTvaliswinebulia kerZo saCivrisaTvis (39-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqti), sasamarTlo dauniSnavs vadas momCivans xarvezis Sesavsebad. Tu xarvezi am vadaSi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas saCivris miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo. am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (239-e muxlis me-3 nawili). _ saCivris asli egzavnebaT mxareebs am saCivris daSvebisa da gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebasTan erTad (ssk 239-e muxlis me-2 nawili) muxli 239. sasamarTlos moqmedeba saCivris miRebis Semdeg 1. mosamarTle, romelmac gamoitana dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, sakiTxs saCivris miRebis Sesaxeb wyvets mxareTaTvis Seutyobineblad. 2. saCivris miRebis Taobaze mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic unda aRiniSnos saqmis xelaxla ganxilvis dRe, ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mxareebs. sasamarTlos aseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba. 3. Tu saCivris miReba sasamarTlos ar miaCnia dasaSvebad, mas gamoaqvs amis Sesaxeb ganCineba, romelzedac SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. 426 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari dauswrebel gadawyvetilebebze saCivris miRebis sakiTxs marTalia wyvets is mosamarTle, romelmac gamoitana gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom Tu raime mizezis gamo es mosamarTle ver ganixilavs saCivars (xangrZliv mivlinebaSia, gadaiyvanes sxva sasamarTloSi, imyofeba samkurnalo dawesebulebaSi da a. S.), am sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTles ar SeuZlia misi ganxilva. _ saCivris miReba-armiRebis (dasaSvebobis) sakiTxs mosamarTle wyvets mxareTaTvis Seutyobineblad. es aris mosamarTlis ufleba da ara movaleoba. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu saWirod da mizanSewonilad miaCnia, mas SeuZlia moiwvios mxareebi da maTi monawileobiT gadawyvitos saCivris miRebis sakiTxi. 2. Tu saCivari dasaSvebia da misaRebia, mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba misi gansaxilvelad miRebisa da ganxilvis dRis daniSvnis Sesaxeb. saCivris ganxilva SeiZleba moxdes mxareTaTvis aucilebeli SetyobinebiT. Setyobineba maT 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT unda gaegzavnoT. am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba. 3. Tu mosamarTles saCivari ar miaCnia dasaSvebad imis gamo, rom gaSvebulia gasaCivrebis vada, ar Seavso xarvezi, saCivari Semoitana arauflebamosilma pirma da a. S. mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas saCivris miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo, romelzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. muxli 240. axali gadawyvetileba 1. saCivari ganixileba sasamarTlo sxdomaze. mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ar abrkolebs saCivris ganxilvas. Tu saCivris ganxilvis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes, sasamarTlo ganCinebiT auqmebs dauswrebel 427 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali gadawyvetilebas, ris Semdegac iwyeba sarCelis ganxilva. 2. Tu ar arsebobs dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba saCivris daukmayofileblobisa da dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb. 3. sasamarTlos ganCineba saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmisa da dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi datovebis Taobaze dauswrebel gadawyvetilebasTan erTad gasaCivrdeba saapelacio wesiT. 4. gamoucxadeblobiT gamowveuli xarjebi daekisreba gamoucxadebel mxares imisgan damoukideblad, gasaCivrebis Sedegad man saqme mTlianad moigo, Tu _ nawilobriv. 1. dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT daniSnul dRes (239e muxlis me-2 nawili) gamarTul sxdomaze sasamarTlo arkvevs hqonda Tu ara adgili garemoebebs, romlebmac xeli SeuSales mxaris gamocxadebas sasamarTloSi, e. i. gamowveuli iyo Tu ara mxaris gamoucxadebloba sapatio mizeziT (233-e da 241-e muxlebi). esaa am sasamarTlo sxdomis gadasawyveti mTavari da ZiriTadi sakiTxi. Tu aseTi garemoebebi dadasturdeba, dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes da saqmis ganxilva unda ganaxldes (241-e muxli), ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba. ise rogorc nebismieri sxva ganCineba, es ganCinebac SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes saTaTbiro oTaxSi gausvlelad da oqmSi SetaniT (284-e muxlis me-3 nawili). - am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesis mixedviT saCivari, romelic miRebulia gansaxilvelad 239-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes mxareTa (erT-erTis an orives) gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSic, magram es wesi ver gavrceldeba sarCelis ganx428 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ilvaze, e.i. Tu saCivris ganxilvaze ar gamocxadda erTerTi an orive mxare, sasamarTlo ver ganixilavs sarCels: isini xom mowveuli iyvnen saCivris da ara sarCelis ganxilvaze. garda amisa, saCivris dakmayofilebisa da dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Semdeg saqmis ganxilva SeiZleba imave sxdomaze gagrZeldes, Tu am sxdomaze gamocxadebuli mxareebi an erT-erTi mxare motivirebul uars ar acxadebs amis winaaRmdeg da sasamarTlos azriT Tu arsebobs saqmis ganxilvis yvela piroba, kerZod, Tu saWiro araa mowmeebis, eqspertebis, specialistebis da a. S. mowveva da dakiTxva. _ Tu saqmis ganxilva amave sxdomaze araa SesaZlebeli, sasamarTlo axlo momavalSi mTavar sxdomas daniSnavs ris Sesaxebac iqve acnobebs mxareebs da afrTxilebs maT gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb, rasac oqmSi xelismoweriT adastureben mxareebi. mxares, an saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebs (mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs), romlebic am sxdomas ar eswrebodnen, sasamarTlo atyobinebs axali sxdomis Sesaxeb 70-78-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT. aseTi wesiT saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs axali gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis an dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT. 2. Tu aRmoCndeba, rom dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Taobaze Semotanili saCivari araa dasabuTebuli, e. i. mxaris gamoucxadebloba ar iyo gamowveuli sapatio mizeziT, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmisa da dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb. 3. rogorc ganCineba saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, ise axali gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT. 4. xarjebi, romlebic mxareebma gaswies dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, nawildeba mxareebs Soris 53-e muxlis mixedviT (ix. am muxlis komentari), e. i. Cveulebrivi wesiT. 429 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali _ gamoucxadeblobiT gamowveul xarjebSi igulisxmeba mxolod is xarjebi, rac gamowveulia dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze saCivris ganxilviT, am saCivris ganxilvis Sedegad sasamarTlos mier miRebuli ganCinebebisa da gadawyvetilebebis gasaCivrebiT. am xarjebis gadaxda daekisreba im mxares, visi gamoucxadeblobis gamoc iyo gamotanili gasaCivrebuli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ar aqvs vis sasargeblod damTavrda dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Setanili saCivris ganxilva. muxli 241. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvlebi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes da saqmis ganxilva ganaxldes, Tu arsebobs 233-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebi, an Tu mxaris gamoucxadebloba gamowveuli iyo sxva sapatio mizeziT, romlis Sesaxebac mas ar SeeZlo Tavis droze ecnobebina sasamarTlosaTvis. _ es muxli gansazRvravs im garemoebaTa wres, romelTa arsebobis SemTxvevaSi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes da saqmis ganxilva ganaxldes. es garemoebebi miTiTebulia 233-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi (ix. am muxlis komentari), magram am muxlis CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi. momCivans SeuZlia miuTiTos sxva iseT garemoebebze, magaliTad, satransporto SemTxvevaze (avtoavariaze), roca igi midioda sasamarTlo sxdomaze da, romlis Sesaxeb mas ar SeeZlo droulad ecnobebina sasamarTlosaTvis. _ im garemoebaTa damtkicebis tvirTi, romlebzec miuTiTebs mxare Tavis saCivarSi, rogorc gamoucxadeblobis sapatio mizezze ekisreba momCivans. am garemoe- 430 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari baTa Sefaseba im TvalsazrisiT Tu ramdenad sapatioa gamoucxadebloba _ sasamarTlos uflebamosilebaa. muxli 242. ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba 1. mxares ara aqvs ufleba, saCivari Seitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis moTxovniT, Tu mis mimarT erTxel ukve gamotanilia dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. 2. sasamarTlos ganmeorebiT dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze SeiZleba mxolod saapelacio saCivris Setana. 1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxare ar gamocxaddeba sasamarTlo sxdomaze, romelzec pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Semdeg ganixileba saqme arsebiTad, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba aris gadawyvetileba, romelic meoredaa gamotanili erTi da igive piris dauswreblobis gamo. amitom, dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, romelic Tumca meored gamoaqvs sasamarTlos, magram ara im piris mimarT viszec adre iyo gamotanili pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba -ar iqneba ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba da igi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes rogorc pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. 2. ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba aRar SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mis gamomtan sasamarTloSi. igi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxolod saapelacio (366-e muxli) an sakasacio wesiT (392-e muxli). 431 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XXVI I sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba muxli 243. saboloo gadawyvetileba 1. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac saqme wydeba arsebiTad, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetilebis formiT. 2. Tu gadawyvetileba gamoaqvs kolegiur sasamarTlos, igi dadgenil unda iqnes xmebis umravlesobiT. arc erT mosamarTles ara aqvs ufleba Tavi Seikavos xmis micemisagan. Tavmjdomare xmas aZlevs mosamarTleebis Semdeg. mosamarTles, romelic ar eTanxmeba umravlesobas, SeuZlia werilobiT Camoayalibos Tavisi gansxvavebuli azri. gansxvavebuli azri daerTvis saqmes, magram sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi ar gamocxaddeba. mosamarTleebs ufleba ara aqvT gaaxmauron TaTbiris dros gamarTuli msjeloba. 1. sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ramdenime saxis dadgenileba, rogoricaa ganCineba, gadawyvetileba, gadaxdis brZaneba, brZaneba lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. ganCineba _ esaa sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac saqme arsebiTad ar wydeba (284-e muxli). gadaxdis brZaneba _ esaa davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT miRebuli sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romelic avalebs mowinaaRmdege mxares (movales) gadaixados am brZanebaSi miTiTebuli Tanxa (303-e muxli). brZaneba lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb _ esaa saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT miRebuli sasamarTlos dadgenileba, lizingis sagnis gamcemis 432 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb (3096-e muxli). sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba _ esaa saqarTvelos saxeliT gamotanili sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac saqme arsebiTad wydeba. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs kolegiuri sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanis wess. gansxvavebuli azri, romelic aqvs kolegiuri sasamarTlos ama Tu im wevrs, ar gamocxaddeba, magram Tu igi werilobiT iqneba Camoyalibebuli, daerTvis saqmes. gansxvavebuli azris werilobiT Camoyalibebis movaleoba ar arsebobs. gansxvavebuli azris qona mosamarTlis uflebaa da ara movaleoba. radgan gansxvavebuli azri daerTvis saqmes, misi gacnobis ufleba aqvT mxareebs, radgan maT `aqvT ufleba gaecnon saqmis masalebs~ (83-e muxli). muxli 244. sakiTxebi, romlebic unda gadawydes gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dros gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas sasamarTlo afasebs mtkicebulebebs, gansazRvravs, Tu saqmisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone romeli garemoebebia dadgenili da romeli _ daudgeneli, romeli kanoni unda iqnes gamoyenebuli am saqmeze da dakmayofilebul unda iqnes Tu ara sarCeli. _ jer kidev saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlamde da gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde sasamarTlos ukve aqvs Camoyalibebuli Tavisi mosazrebebi saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeb, maT Sefasebas sasamarTlo iwyebs jer kidev saqmis momzadebis stadiaze da sasamarTlo sxdomaze, sadac mxareebi zepirad ayalibeben TavianT mosazrebebs am mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeb. miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlo saTaTbiro oTaxSi kidev erTxel da 433 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali sabolood afasebs mtkicebulebebs jer erTi, maTi sarwmunoobisa Tu utyuarobis TvalsazrisiT da meore, ra daskvnebis gakeTeba SeiZleba maT safuZvelze mtkicebis saganSi Semavali faqtobrivi garemoebebis arseboba _ ararsebobis Sesaxeb. swored aq, saTaTbiro oTaxSi, gadawyvetilebis Camoyalibebis win, sasamarTlom sabolood unda gaarkvios: a) saqmeSi arsebuli romeli mtkicebuleba unda CaiTvalos sarwmunod (utyuarad) da romeli ara; b) saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone romeli garemoeba (romelzec mxareebi amyareben TavianT moTxovnasa da Sesagebels) iTvleba damtkicebulad da romeli ara; g) romeli garemoebebis Sesaxeb ar davoben mxareebi (udavo faqtebi); d) romeli kanoni unda iqnes gamoyenebuli da dakmayofildes Tu ara sarCeli. gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi ar amoiwureba mxolod am sakiTxebis gadaWriT (249-e muxli), magram es is fundamenturi sakiTxebia, romelTa gadaWris gareSe gadawyvetilebis gamotana SeuZlebelia. _ amasTan erTad sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT pasuxi unda gasces sarCelSi wamoyenebul da ganxilul yvela moTxovnas. rogorc sasarCelo gancxadebidan da sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsidan irkveva _ naTqvamia sakasacio sasamarTlos erT-erT ganCinebaSi _ mosarCele sasamarTloSi ayenebda or moTxovnas. saapelacio sasamarTlom gaauqma gadawyvetileba, magram axali gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dros ar gadawyvita orive moTxovna, riTac daarRvia ssk-is 244-e muxlis danawesi. `saqmis xelaxla ganxilvis dros saapelacio palatam unda imsjelos kasatoris orive moTxovnaze da kanonis Sesabamisad gadawyvitos dayenebuli sakiTxebi~.31 muxli 245. nawilobrivi gadawyvetileba 1. Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebuli ram31 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze #5,2001,gv.565 434 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari denime moTxovnidan, agreTve ramdenime mosarCelis mier an ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT wardgenili moTxovnebidan erT-erTi garkveulia da momzadebulia gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa TxovniT gamoitanos nawilobrivi gadawyvetileba am moTxovnis mimarT. 2. nawilobrivi gadawyvetileba, dainteresebuli mxaris TxovniT, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac aRZruli iyo Segebebuli sarCeli, garkveulia da gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad momzadebulia erT-erTi _ sarCeli an Segebebuli sarCeli. 1. a) mosarCeles SeuZlia erT sarCelSi gaaerTianos am sasamarTlos gansjadi ramdenime moTxovna erTi da imave mopasuxis mimarT (182-e muxlis pirveli nawili). Tu ramdenime moTxovnidan erT-erTi, an maTi nawili ukve garkveulia da mzadaa gadasawyvetad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos maT mimarT nawilobrivi gadawyvetileba, im SemTxvevaSi Tu mxare Suamdgomlobs amis Sesaxeb. mxedvelobaSia dainteresebuli mxare da ara aucileblad orive mxare erTdroulad. b) ramdenime mosarCeles SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli erTi an ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT (86-e muxli). Tu am ramdenime mosarCelis moTxovnidan erT-erTi mosarCelis moTxovna garkveulia da mzadaa gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad _ sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos nawilobrivi gadawyvetileba dainteresebuli mxaris SuamdgomlobiT am moTxovnis mimarT. 2. rogorc wesi, ZiriTad da Segebebul sarCelze gamodis erTiani gadawyvetileba. es Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris erT-erTi mizanicaa (188-e muxlis pirveli nawili). magram Tu garkveulia da mzadaa gadasawyvetad erT-erTi maTgani (ZiriTadi an Segebebuli), sa435 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali samarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos gadawyvetileba am erT-erTi sarCelis mimarT, ris Sesaxebac miTiTebuli unda iyos am nawilobriv gadawyvetilebaSi. yvela SemTxvevaSi Segebebuli sarCelis uyuradRebod datoveba, rogorc amis Sesaxeb miuTiTa sakasacio sasamarTlom, yovlad dauSvebelia.32 muxli 246. winaswari (Sualeduri) gadawyvetileba 1. Tu sadavoa sasarCelo moTxovnis rogorc faqtobrivi safuZveli, aseve am moTxovnis moculoba (odenoba), sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos winaswari gadawyvetileba sasarCelo moTxovnis faqtobrivi safuZvlis Sesaxeb. 2. aseTi winaswari gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes apelaciis wesiT. kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg mas eqneba preiudiciuli Zala sasamarTlos meore gadawyvetilebisaTvis, romelic moTxovnis moculobas gansazRvravs. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, winaswari (Sualeduri) ewodeba iseT gadawyvetilebas, romelic gamodis sarCelis mxolod erT-erTi elementis, kerZod, misi safuZvlis mimarT. sarCelis safuZvelSi Sedian da mas qmnian garemoebebi, romlebsac emyareba da romlebic faqtobrivad asabuTeben mis meore elements _ sarCelis sagans anu sasarCelo moTxovnas. _ aseTi winaswari gadawyvetilebis gamotana SeiZleba gamarTlebuli iyos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac moTxovnis faqtobrivi safuZveli dadgenilia da raime eWvs ar iwvevs, xolo TviTon moTxovnis moculobis (odenobis) dadgena Tu gansazRvra dakavSire32 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001,#4, gv.382 436 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari bulia mravalricxovan gaangariSebebTan, moTxovnili sagnebis moculobis, odenobisa da xarisxis gansazRvrasTan da a. S. 2. winaswari gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes ara marto saapelacio wesiT, aramed sakasacio wesiT Tu igi gamotanilia saapelacio sasamarTlos mier. aseT winaswar gadawyvetilebas, Tu igi Seva kanonier ZalaSi, eqneba preiudiciuli Zala, meore, e. i. moTxovnis moculobis ganmsazRvreli gadawyvetilebisaTvis. es imas niSnavs, rom winaswari (Sualeduri) gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebi aRar saWiroeben kvlav dadgenas da dadasturebas meore gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas, romelic moTxovnis moculobas gansazRvravs. muxli 247. gadawyvetilebis Camoyalibeba 1. gadawyvetilebas werilobiTi formiT Camoayalibebs mosamarTle. 2. Tu gadawyvetileba gamoaqvs kolegiur sasamarTlos, gadawyvetilebas Camoayalibebs am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare an erTerTi mosamarTle da xels awers yvela mosamarTle, romlebic monawileobdnen mis dadgenaSi, maT Soris, gansxvavebuli azris mqone mosamarTle. gadawyvetilebaSi Setanil Sesworebas SeniSvna unda gaukeTdes mosamarTleTa xelmowerebis win. 1. es muxli gansazRvravs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis formas, gadawyvetileba SeiZleba Camoyalibdes werilobiTi formiT. 2. gadawyvetilebas wers mosamarTle. Tu saqmes ixilavs kolegiuri sasamarTlo, maSin gadawyvetileba SeiZleba daweros erT-erTma mosamarTlem, maT Soris kolegiuri sasamarTlos Tavmjdomarem. rogorc wesi, ga437 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali dawyvetilebas wers momxsenebeli mosamarTle. gadawyvetilebas xels awers yvela mosamarTle, maT Soris mosamarTle, romelic ar eTanxmeba umravlesobiT miRebul am gadawyvetilebas da aqvs Tavisi gansxvavebuli pozicia. _ arsebobs gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis Setanis ori wesi, erTi _ roca Sesworebis Setanis aucilebloba warmoiSoba saTaTbiro oTaxSi da meore _ roca Sesworebis Setanis aucilebloba warmoiSoba gadawyvetilebis Camoyalibebis Semdeg. _ Tu Sesworebis (SeniSvnis) aucilebloba warmoiSoba saTaTbiro oTaxSi, maSin TviTon gadawyvetilebaSi SeiZleba gakeTdes es Sesworeba (Casworeba), amasTan, Tu sityva an fraza unda gadaiSalos, aseTi gadaSla ise unda moxdes, rom SesaZlebeli iyos imis amokiTxva, Tu ra ewera iq gadaSlamde, xolo mis Tavze unda moxdes Camateba. gadawyvetilebaSi unda Caiweros: `endeT Casworebuls~ da xeli unda moaweros yvela im mosamarTlem, romlebic xels aweren gadawyvetilebas. dasaSvebia gadawyvetilebis xelmeored Camoyalibeba Tu Casworebebi bevria. _ Sesworebebis (gasworebebis) Setana gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis Semdeg SeiZleba moxdes 260-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT. muxli 248. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis farglebi sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs miakuTvnos Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT mxares is, rac mas ar uTxovia, an imaze meti, vidre is moiTxovda. _ es muxli dispoziciurobis principis erT-erTi konkretuli gamovlinebaa. sasamarTlo SeboWilia mosarCelis moTxovnis farglebiT, mopasuxis Segebebuli moTxovnis, agreTve mesame piris sasarCelo moT438 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari xovnis farglebiT. moTxovnis (sarCelis sagnis) Secvlis an misi gadidebis ufleba aqvs mxolod mosarCeles (83-e muxlis me-2 nawili). _ sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba unda Seicavdes pasuxs mosarCelis mier gancxadebul moTxovnaze, daakmayofilos igi mTlianad an nawilobriv, an kidev uari Tqvas mis dakmayofilebaze. e. i. sasamarTlos sruli ufleba aqvs miakuTvnos mosarCeles imaze naklebi, vidre igi moiTxovda, Tu sruli moculobiT gancxadebuli moTxovnis dakmayofilebis safuZveli ver dasturdeba, magram mas ufleba ar aqvs miakuTvnos mosarCeles imaze meti, vidre is moiTxovda, saqmis masalebiT kidec rom dasturdebodes ufro metis moTxovnis safuZveli. sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis auqmebs gadawyvetilebas, rodesac darRveulia am muxlis danawesi.33 muxli 249. gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi 1. gadawyvetileba Sedgeba Sesavali, aRwerilobiTi, samotivacio da sarezolucio nawilebisagan. 2. gadawyvetilebis Sesaval nawilSi aRiniSneba misi gamotanis dro da adgili, gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlos dasaxeleba da Semadgenloba, sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani, mxareebi, warmomadgenlebi, davis sagani. 3. gadawyvetilebis aRwerilobiTi nawili unda Seicavdes miTiTebas mosarCelis moTxovnasa da mopasuxis Sesagebelze. 4. gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawilSi unda aRiniSnos sasamarTlos mier dadgenili garemoebani, mtkicebulebani, romlebsac emyareba sasamarTlos daskvnebi, mo33 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2000,#3, gv.113. 439 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali sazrebani, romlebiTac sasamarTlo uaryofs ama Tu im mtkicebulebas, da kanonebi, romlebiTac sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobda. 5. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili unda Seicavdes sasamarTlos daskvnas sarCelis dakmayofilebis an sarCelze mTlianad an nawilobriv uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, miTiTebas sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis Taobaze, agreTve miTiTebas gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis vadasa da wesze. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis struqturas. gadawyvetileba zustad unda pasuxobdes am struqturas da Camoyalibdes im TanmimdevrobiT, rogorsac es muxli gvTavazobs. 2. Tu gadawyvetilebaSi araa miTiTebuli misi gamotanis adgili, maSin iTvleba, rom sasamarTlos misamarTi aris misi gamotanis adgili. gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebuli misi gamomtani sasamarTlos dasaxeleba unda emTxveodes oqmSi miTiTebul sasamarTlos Semadgenlobas. Tu ar emTxveva _ es SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli, radgan gadawyvetileba gamotanilia ara im mosamarTleebis mier, romlebmac ganixiles saqme, e. i. sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenlobis mier (394-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqti). _ gadawyvetilebis miRebis TariRi unda emTxveodes im dRes, roca sasamarTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba (sarezolucio Tu motivirebuli). arasworia praqtika, rodesac motivirebuli gadawyvetileba im TariRiT gamoaqvT, rac gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawils hqonda. sasamarTlos ar ekadreba tyuili, magram amis araviTari aucileblobac araa: kanoni uflebas aZlevs sasamarTlos gadados motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotana 14 dRiT (257-e muxli). 3. gadawyvetilebis aRwerilobiT nawilSi mokled 440 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari magram naTlad da gasagebad unda aRiniSnos: a) sasarCelo moTxovnis Sinaarsi, xolo Tu mosarCelem Secvala Tavisi moTxovna (sarCelis sagani), unda aRiniSnos raSi gamoixateba es cvlileba; b) garemoebebi, romlebsac emyareba sarCeli; g) mtkicebulebebi, romlebsac miuTiTebs mosarCele am garemoebebis dasadastureblad; d) mopasuxis Sesageblis mokle Sinaarsi; e) garemoebebi, romlebsac emyareba Sesagebeli; v) mtkicebulebebi, romlebzec miuTiTebs mopasuxe Tavisi Sesageblis dasadastureblad. igive unda iTqvas Segebebuli sarCelisa da mesame piris sarCelis Sinaarsis gadmocemaze, Tu isini aRZruli iyo. aqve aRwerilobiT nawilSi miTiTebuli unda iyos mxareTa mier warmodgenili da gadawyvetilebisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone romel garemoebebze ar davoben mxareebi da romeli aris sadavo, ris gamoc maT mimarT Segrovda mtkicebulebebi. 4. samotivacio nawili gadawyvetilebis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawilia. aq xdeba gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi da iuridiuli dasabuTeba. gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawili mTlianad sasamarTlos Semoqmedebaa, radgan aq poulobs Tavis konkretul gamoxatulebas misi Sinagani rwmena, romelic mas Camouyalibda saqmis masalebze dayrdnobiT da kanoni, romelic misi azriT unda iqnes gamoyenebuli am konkretuli davis gadawyvetisaTvis. samotivacio nawilSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) faqtebi, romelTa arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb ar davoben mxareebi (udavo faqtebi); b) faqtebi, romlebic dadgenilad cno sasamarTlom mtkicebulebebis gamoyenebiT, maT Soris mxareTa aRiarebiT; g) mtkicebulebebi, romlebsac emyareba sasamarTlo da am mtkicebulebaTa mokle analizi. _ mas Semdeg, rac zedmiwevniT naTlad, gasagebad da amomwuravad iqneba miTiTebuli faqtobriv garemoebebze, romlebic sasamarTlom CaTvala dadgenilad, sasamarTlom unda miuTiTos im materialur sa441 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali marTlebriv normaze (normebze), romlis mixedviTac Seafasa man dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebi, agreTve daasabuTos am normis gamoyenebis mizanSewoniloba. miTiTebuli unda iyos normis (kanonis) nawili, punqti, qvepunqti da a. S. sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis auqmebs gadawyvetilebas, Tu samotivacio nawilSi araa miTiTebuli mtkicebulebebze, romlebsac emyareba sasamarTlos daskvnebi da kanonebze, romelTa safuZvelze moaxdina sasamarTlom dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebis iuridiuli Sefaseba.34 5. sarezolucio nawili unda Camoyalibdes imperatiuli formiT, rom ar warmoiSvas araviTari eWvebi. saqme isaa, rom sarezolucio nawili mTlianad gadadis saaRsrulebo furcelSi. amitom, aq zedmiwevniT gasagebad unda iyos miTiTebuli, dakmayofilda sarCeli mTlianad Tu nawilobriv, Tu nawilobriv _ romel nawilSi dakmayofilda da sarCelis romel nawilSi uari eTqva mosarCeles, konkretulad ra moqmedeba unda Seasrulos mopasuxem (gadasces mosarCeles nivTi, fuli da a.S. ix. 261-e muxli). sarezolucio nawilSi srulad unda iyos miTiTebuli mxareTa gvari, saxeli, misamarTi, iuridiuli piris saxelwodeba da misamarTi (ise, rogorc mis wesdebaSia). _ gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Tavisebureba SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos 254-258-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesebis gamoyenebiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari). _ sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebs gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi sasamarTlo xarjebis mxareTa Soris ganawilebis sakiTxi. aq aucileblad unda iyos miTiTebuli, romeli mxarisagan da ra odenobiT unda iqnes gadaxdevinebuli es xarjebi, agreTve romeli mxarea ganTavisuflebuli am xarjebisagan. _ bolos, sarezolucio nawilSi aucileblad unda mieTiTos Tu ra wesiT SeiZleba am gadawyvetilebis ga34 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001, #6, gv.663, #10, 2002, gv.1874. 442 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari saCivreba, kerZod, a) romel sasamarTloSi (saapelacio, sakasacio) SeiZleba misi gasaCivreba; b) ra vadaSi; g) romel sasamarTloSi unda iqnes Setanili saCivari.35 muxli 250. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Camoyalibeba Tu mxareebi moiTxoven gadawyvetilebas dasabuTebis gareSe im motiviT, rom eTanxmebian am gadawyvetilebas da uars amboben mis gasaCivrebaze, sasamarTlos SeuZlia Semoifarglos gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis CamoyalibebiT. mosamarTle ekiTxeba mxareebs, surT Tu ara dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis miReba da asaCivreben Tu ara mocemul gadawyvetilebas. Tu mxareebi uars amboben mis gasaCivrebaze, maT aseTi gancxadeba unda daadasturon TavianTi xelmowerebiT. _ motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotana sasamarTlos movaleobaa. mxolod erT SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia sasamarTlos Semoifarglos gadawyvetilebis mxolod sarezolucio nawilis CamoyalibebiT: Tu mxareebi eTanxmebian gadawyvetilebas da uars amboben mis gasaCivrebaze. _ mxareTa aseTi gancxadeba unda aisaxos oqmSi da dadasturdes maTive xelmoweriT. mxareebs SeuZliaT erToblivi gancxadebiTac mimarTon amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos, romelic daerTvis oqms. _ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ara sarezolucio, aramed motivirebuli gadawyvetileba, maSin erTaderTi, razedac mxareebs SeuZliaT SeTanxmdnen esaa am gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma (370-e muxli). 35 dawvrilebiT gadawyvetilebis aRwerilobiTi, samotivacio da sarezolucio nawilebis agebis Sesaxeb ix.h.boelingi,l.Wanturia „samoqalaqo saqmeebze sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis meTodika“. g-ba „jisiai“, Tb. 2003 443 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 251. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis wesisa da vadis gansazRvra. aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa Tu sasamarTlo daadgens gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gansazRvrul wessa da vadas, an miiRebs zomebs gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelsayofad, amis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iqnes gadawyvetilebaSi. _ gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili nebismier saqmeze gamotanil yvela gadawyvetilebaSi daaxloebiT erTnairad unda Camoyalibdes, magram zogjer SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes damatebiT iseT garemoebaze miTiTeba, rac Cveulebriv ar aisaxeba sxva gadawyvetilebaSi. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes miTiTeba imis Sesaxeb, rom mosarCeles ufleba aqvs Seasrulos moqmedeba mopasuxisagan aucilebeli xarjebis anazRaurebiT (254-e muxli), an kidev, bankSi mopasuxis romeli angariSidan Camoiweros masze dakisrebuli Tanxa (252-e muxli), an uzrunvelyofis romeli RonisZieba iqnes gamoyenebuli am gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelsayofad (271e muxli) da a. S. cxadia, rom es sakiTxebi SeiZleba ganCinebiTac mowesrigdes, Tu maTi ganxilva da gadawyveta moxda gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg. muxli 252. gadawyvetileba iuridiuli pirisagan fuladi Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb iuridiuli pirisagan fuladi Tanxebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT sarezolucio nawilSi miu444 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari TiTos gadasaxdeli Tanxis xasiaTze, agreTve imaze, Tu bankSi mopasuxis romeli Tanxidan unda Camoiweros dakisrebuli Tanxa. _ gadasaxdeli Tanxis xasiaTze da imaze, Tu bankSi mopasuxis romeli Tanxidan unda Camoiweros masze dakisrebuli Tanxa, dasaSvebia mxolod mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT. sasamarTlo Tavisi iniciativiT am sakiTxs ar wyvets. aRsrulebis aseTi wesi uwinares yovlisa mimarTulia movalis interesebis dacvisaken. magram Tu aRsruleba am wesiT ver xerxdeba, maSin aseTi miTiTeba srulebiT ar zRudavs aRmasrulebels. mopasuxe pasuxs agebs mTeli Tavisi qonebiT da sarezolucio nawilis aseTi miTiTebis miuxedavad aRmasrulebels SeuZlia mopasuxis sxva qonebidanac moaxdinos aRsruleba, Tu es ama Tu im mizezis gamo ver xerxdeba sarezolucio nawilSi miTiTebuli wesis dacviT. muxli 253. gadawyvetileba qonebis mikuTvnebis an misi Rirebulebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb qonebis naturiT mikuTvnebis dros sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi miuTiTebs am qonebis Rirebulebaze, romelic unda gadaxdes mopasuxes, Tu gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisas aRniSnuli qoneba mas ar aRmoaCndeba. _ am muxliT dadgenili wesi, warmoadgens gadawyvetilebis realurad aRsrulebis erT-erT garantias. igi aTavisuflebs mosarCeles kvlav aRZras sarCeli qonebis (nivTis) Rirebulebis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac gadawyvetilebiT mikuTvnebuli qoneba gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisas ar aRmoaCndeba movales (mopasuxes). 445 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali _ qonebis Rirebulebis gansazRvra unda moxdes Semdegnairad: Tu mikuTvnebuli qoneba individualurad gansazRvruli nivTebisagan Sedgeba, maSin sasamarTlom unda gansazRvros TiToeuli nivTi cal-calke da maTi saerTo Rirebuleba erTobliobaSi. xolo Tu mikuTvnebuli nivTebi xasiaTdebian gvareobiTi niSnebiT, maSin sasamarTlo gansazRvravs maT saerTo Rirebulebas. _ qonebis Rirebulebis gansazRvrisas sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiwvios specialisti (204-e muxli). muxli 254. gadawyvetileba, romelic mopasuxes avalebs gansazRvruli moqmedebis Sesrulebas 1. iseTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas, romelic mopasuxes avalebs gansazRvruli moqmedebis Sesrulebas, rac dakavSirebuli ar aris qonebis an fuladi Tanxebis gadacemasTan, sasamarTlos imave gadawyvetilebaSi SeuZlia miuTiTos, rom, Tu mopasuxe gadawyvetilebas ar Seasrulebs dadgenil vadaSi, mosarCeles ufleba aqvs es moqmedeba Seasrulos mopasuxisagan aucilebeli xarjebis anazRaurebiT. 2. Tu aRniSnuli moqmedeba SeiZleba Seasrulos mxolod mopasuxem, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi daadgens vadas, romlis ganmavlobaSic gadawyvetileba unda aRsruldes. 1. am muxls ara aqvs mxedvelobaSi mopasuxis iseTi moqmedeba, romelic dakavSirebulia mosarCelisaTvis fuladi Tanxis, an raime qonebis gadacemasTan. Tu mopasuxe ar gadauxdis mosarCeles gadawyvetilebiT gansazRvrul Tanxas, an ar gadascems qonebas, maSin amas 446 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT aRsrulebis wesiT gaakeTebs aRmasrulebeli. _ am muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs iseTi moqmedeba, romelsac Tu mopasuxe ar Seasrulebs SeuZlia Seasrulos mosarCelem. magaliTad, sasamarTlom daakmayofila sarCeli sacxovrebeli farTis gamoyofis Sesaxeb, rac dakavSirebulia garkveuli sarekonstruqcio samuSaobis CatarebasTan, vTqvaT tixrebis amoSenebasTan. sasamarTlos SeuZlia gadawyvetilebaSi miuTiTos, rom Tu mopasuxe garkveul vadaSi ar Seasrulebs am samuSaos, igi SeuZlia Seasrulos mosarCelem, magram xarjebi, rac mosarCelem gaiRo am samuSaos SesrulebisaTvis, unda aanazRauros mopasuxem. 2. aris iseTi moqmedeba, romlis Sesruleba damokidebulia mxolod da mxolod mopasuxis (movalis) nebaze da amitom, mas sxva ver Seasrulebs. magaliTad, pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxavi cnobebis uaryofa, bavSvis gadacema aRsazrdelad da sxva. Tu mopasuxe gadawyvetilebiT daniSnul vadaSi ar Seasrulebs am moqmedebas, maSin gamoyenebuli unda iqnes RonisZiebebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia `saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ kanonis 87-e muxliT (fuladi jarima, sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba). am RonisZiebaTa gamoyenebis dros sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs miTiTebuli 87-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT. muxli 255. gadawyvetileba saxelmwifo organoebis, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis, sazogadoebrivi organizaciebisa da Tanamdebobis pirebis moqmedebebisa da gadawyvetilebebis arakanonierebis Sesaxeb 1. saxelmwifo organoebis, TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis, sazogadoebrivi orga447 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali nizaciebisa da Tanamdebobis pirebis moqmedebebisa da gadawyvetilebebis arakanonierad cnobis Sesaxeb sarCelis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo aseT moqmedebas an gadawyvetilebas aRiarebs arakanonierad, avalebs Sesabamis organosa Tu Tanamdebobis pirs daakmayofilos moqalaqis moTxovna, auqmebs mis mimarT gamoyenebuli pasuxismgeblobis RonisZiebas an sxva gziT aRadgens mis darRveul Tu sadavo uflebasa da Tavisuflebas. 2. normatiuli aqtis arakanonierebis aRiarebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom es aqti baTilad iTvleba misi miRebis momentidan. 3. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba normatiuli aqtis arakanonierebis Sesaxeb unda gamoqveyndes masobrivi informaciis im saSualebiT, romelSic es normatiuli aqti iyo gamoqveynebuli. 1. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi igulisxmeba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic gamotanilia saxelmwifo organoebis, TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis, sazogadoebrivi organizaciebisa da am organoebis Tanamdebobis pirebis mimarT: a) maTi moqmedebis arakanonierebis (aramarTlzomierebis) Sesaxeb da b) maT mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis arakanonierad (baTilad) cnobis Sesaxeb. _ es muxli gansazRvravs am kategoriis saqmeebze gamotanil sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa Sinaarss. garda im monacemebisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes nebismier saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetileba, am saqmeebze gamotanil gadawyvetilebebSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) am muxlSi aRniSnuli organoebisa da Tanamdebobis pirebis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebaTa an moq448 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari medebaTa arakanonierebis (aramarTlzomierebis) Sesaxeb; b) davaleba am organoebisadmi da Tanamdebobis pirisadmi daakmayofilos moqalaqis moTxovna; g) mosarCelis mimarT gamoyenebuli pasuxismgeblobis RonisZiebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. 2. gadawyvetileba ar SeiZleba Semoifarglos normatiuli aqtis arakanonierebis aRiarebiT, sarezolucio nawilSi unda mieTiTos am aqtis baTilad cnobis Sesaxebac. 3. am muxlis me-3 nawili Seicavs kategoriul moTxovnas gadawyvetilebis gamoqveynebis Sesaxeb. mxedvelobaSia ara mTeli gadawyvetileba, aramed mxolod misi sarezolucio nawili. amis Sesaxeb miTiTebas Seicavs saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis 32-e muxlis me-6 nawili. romlis Tanaxmad `sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili unda gamoqveyndes imave wesiT, ra wesiTac iyo gamoqveynebuli normatiuli aqti~.36 muxli 256. gadawyvetileba ramdenime mosarCelis sasargeblod an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg 1. Tu gadawyvetileba gamotanilia ramdenime mosarCelis sasargeblod, sasamarTlom unda miuTiTos, Tu ra wili ekuTvnis TiToeul maTgans, an aRniSnos, rom gadaxdevinebis ufleba solidarulia. 2. Tu gadawyvetileba gamotanilia ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, sasamarTlom unda miuTiTos, Tu TiToeulma mopasuxem gadawyvetilebis ra wili unda Seasrulos, an aRniSnos, rom maTi pasuxismgebloba solidarulia. 36 ix. m.vaCaZe, i.Todria, m.turava, n.wkeplaZe. saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis komentari, Tb. 2005, gv.188 449 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali Tanamonawileobis dros (86-e muxli) sarCeli SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes erTad ramdenime mosarCelis mier an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg. aseT SemTxvevaSi gveqneba mosarCeleebisa da mopasuxeebis simravle. 1. sasamarTlo yovelTvis valdebulia miuTiTos Tavisi gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi Tu ra wili ekuTvnis TiToeul mosarCeles, roca gadawyvetileba maT sasargeblodaa gamotanili, aseTi movaleobisagan sasamarTlo Tavisufldeba, roca mosarCeleebi solidaruli kreditorebi arian, rogorc amas samoqalaqo kodeqsis 455-262-e muxlebi iTvaliswinebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo uTiTebs Tavisi gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi, rom gadaxdevineba solidarulia. 2. sasamarTlo yovelTvis valdebulia miuTiTos Tavisi gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi, rom TiToeulma mopasuxem gadawyvetilebis ra nawili unda Seasrulos. aseTi movaleobisagan sasamarTlo Tavisufldeba, roca pasuxismgebloba solidarulia (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 463-e muxli), ris Sesaxebac miTiTebuli unda iyos gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi. muxli 257. gadawyvetilebis gamotana 1. saqmis zepiri ganxilvis Semdeg cxaddeba gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili. saqmis moculobidan da sirTulidan gamomdinare gadawyvetilebis gamocxadeba SeiZleba gadaidos sxva droisaTvis. dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba gamocxaddeba, Tu amas sasamarTlo mizanSewonilad miiCnevs. Tavmjdomare an mosamarTle, romelmac gamoacxada gadawyvetileba, ganmartavs 450 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari am gadawyvetilebis Sinaarss, misi gasaCivrebis wessa da vadas. 2. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebidan 14 dRis vadaSi sasamarTlo amzadebs dasabuTebul gadawyvetilebas mxareTaTvis gadasacemad. 3. am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gansazRvruli vada sakasacio sasamarTlosTvis Seadgens erT Tves. 1. 257-e muxlis pirveli nawili ramdenime praqtikul sakiTxs awesrigebs: pirveli - esaa gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadeba. sarezolucio nawili unda gamocxaddes saqmis zepiri ganxilvis damTavrebis Semdeg, magram saqmis moculobidan da sirTulidan gamomdinare gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebac SeiZleba gadaidos. sasamarTlom aucileblad unda gaakeTos gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom saqmis ganxilva damTavrda da gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili gamocxadebuli iqneba garkveul dResa da saaTze. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawils xels unda awerdes mosamarTle an mosamarTleebi, romlebmac igi miiRes. es sarezolucio nawili Caekereba saqmeSi. Tu mas xels ar awers mosamarTle (mosamarTleebi) aseTi sarezolucio nawili ar iTvleba gamotanilad da gamocxadebulad. es miT umetes aucilebelia iseT pirobebSi, rodesac mxareebi saerTod ar moiTxoven dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotanas (ix. 250-e muxlis komentari). meore - dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadeba damokidebulia sasamarTlos mixedulebaze. Tu dasdabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadeba mizanSewonilad miaCnia sasamarTlos, maSin man unda ganumartos mxareebs misi Sinaarsi, gasaCivrebis wesi da vada. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs pirveli da 451 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali saapelacio sasamarTloebis mier dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis Camoyalibebis vadas. es vada damokidebulia gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebaze da Seadgens 14 dRes misi gamocxadebidan. sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebis gadadebis vadas es muxli ar gansazRvravs. sasamarTlo yovelnairad unda Seecados ar gadados misi gamocxadeba, magram, Tu mainc gadadebs es unda moxdes rac SeiZleba mokle vadiT (vTqvaT, araumetes 3 dRiT). dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba ar gamocxaddes (ix. am muxlis pirveli nawili), magram misi aslebi aucileblad unda gadaeces mxareebs. - damoukideblad imisa, Tu ras acxadebs sasamarTlo - gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Tu dasabuTebul (motivirebul) gadawyvetilebas, isini Camoyalibebuli unda iyos werilobiTi formiT da xels awerdes mosamarTle (mosamarTleebi). gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas unda eswrebodes saqmis ganmxilveli yvela mosamarTle. gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis wesi da vada unda Camoyalibdes TviTon motivirebul gadawyvetilebaSi. magram, Tu gamocxadda mxolod sarezolucio nawili masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos da mxareebs unda ganemartos, rom gasaCivrebis vada daiwyeba dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis gadacemis, gadagzavnis Tu gamocxadebis momentidan (369-e da 397-e muxlebi). 3. dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis gamotanis vada sakasacio sasamarTloSi Seadgens erT Tves sakasacio sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebidan. 452 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 258. amoRebulia muxli 259. gadawyvetilebis aslebis gagzavna mxareebisaTvis mxareebs, TavianTi gancxadebis safuZvelze, gadaecemaT sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis aslebi ara ugvianes 3 dRisa gancxadebis Semotanidan. gadawyvetilebis aslebs xels awers sasamarTlos kancelariis mdivani da usvams sasamarTlos beWeds. _ am muxls mxedvelobaSi hyavs mxareebi, romlebic eswrebodnen sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas. amasTan erTad, mxedvelobaSia aramarto motivirebuli gadawyvetileba, aramed gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilic (257-e muxli). _ rac Seexeba mxareebs, romlebic ar eswrebodnen motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas, aseTi motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis damowmebuli asli maT egzavnebaT sasamarTlos iniciativiT. saqme isaa, rom gadawyvetileba kanonier ZalaSi Sedis misi saapelacio an sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebis vadis gasvlis Semdeg. es vada ki iwyeba im dRidan, roca igi gadaecema mxares (igulisxmeba gasaCivrebis uflebis mqone mxare garda iseTi SemTxvevebisa, roca gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas eswreboda saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piri (369-e da 397-e muxlebi). gadawyvetilebis gadacemis momentad ki iTvleba am gadawyvetilebis aslis mxarisaTvis Cabareba uSualod sasamarTloSi, an misi mxarisaTvis gadagzavna 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. 453 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 260. gadawyvetilebaSi usworobaTa da aSkara ariTmetikuli Secdomebis gasworeba 1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT gaasworos gadawyvetilebaSi daSvebuli usworobani an aSkara ariTmetikuli Secdomebi. Tu sasamarTlos mizanSewonilad miaCnia, SesworebaTa Setanis sakiTxi SeiZleba gadawydes sasamarTlo sxdomaze. mxareebs ecnobebaT sxdomis dro da adgili, magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ar warmoadgens dabrkolebas gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis Setanis sakiTxis ganxilvisaTvis. 2. gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis Setanis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. 1. gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis Setanis wesi mas Semdeg, rac igi gamocxadda an gadaeca mxareebs, gansxvavdeba im wesisagan, rasac iTvaliswinebs 247-e muxli jer kidev gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebamde masSi Sesworebis SetanisaTvis (ix. am muxlis komentari). _ gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis Semdeg masSi Sesworebis Setana SeiZleba aramarto sasamarTlos iniciativiT, aramed mxareTa da, agreTve, aRmasruleblis iniciativiTac. _ dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebaSi iseTi Sesworebis Setana, romelic arsebiTad cvlis gadawyvetilebas, mis azrsa da Sinaarss. dasaSvebia mxolod iseTi Sesworebebisa da dazustebebis Setana, rogoricaa magaliTad, mxareTa gvari, saxeli, mamis saxeli, Tu mxare iuridiuli piria _ misi saxelwodebis aRniSvna ise, rogorc es am iuridiuli piris wesdebaSia da a. S. agreTve ariTmetikul Secdomebi, romlebmac gamoiwvia gadasaxdevinebeli Tanxis odenobis aSkarad Semcireba an 454 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari gadideba, magaliTad, aklia cifri `0~ an sxva nebismieri cifri, rac ise cvlis Tanxis odenobas, rom saqmis masalebidan gamomdinare, aSkarad ar Seesabameba moTxovnis odenobas, ris Sesaxebac iyo msjeloba sasamarTlos sxdomaze. _ gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis SetanisaTvis raime vadebi gaTvaliswinebuli araa. es imas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlos es SeuZlia gaakeTos gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis damTvarebamde. rac Seexeba aRiarebiT sarCelebze gamotanil gadawyvetilebebs, romelTa iZulebiTi aRsruleba ar xdeba maTSi Sesworebebis Setana araa Semofargluli raime vadiT. muxli 261. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba 1. gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT an mxareTa TxovniT gamoitanos damatebiTi gadawyvetileba, Tu: a) im moTxovnis gamo, romlis Sesaxebac mxareebma waradgines mtkicebulebani da misces axsna-ganmartebani, gadawyvetileba ar gamotanila; b) sasamarTlos, romelmac gadawyvita uflebis sakiTxi, ar miuTiTebia gadasaxdeli Tanxis odenoba, gadasacemi qoneba an moqmedeba, romelic mopasuxem unda Seasrulos; g) sasamarTlos ar gadauwyvetia sasamarTlo xarjebis sakiTxi. 2. damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis sakiTxi SeiZleba daisvas gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebidan 7 dRis ganmavlobaSi. am vadis gagrZeleba ar daiSveba. 3. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba sasamarTlos gamoaqvs sasamarTlo sxdomaze, rom455 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali lis Sesaxebac ecnobebaT mxareebs, magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs aseTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanas. 4. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT. 5. damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis pirobebs, romelTa gaTvaliswineba savaldebuloa sasamarTlosaTvis. a. pirveli pirobis Tanaxmad, damatebiTi gadawyvetileba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iqnes gamotanili, Tu am saqmeze gamotanili ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba ar Seicavs pasuxs mxaris iseTi moTxovnis mimarT, romelic marTalia iyo ganxilvis sagani, warmodgenili iyo mtkicebulebebi am moTxovnis faqtobrivi dasabuTebisaTvis, e. i. moxda misi ganxilva am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT, magram sasamarTlos ratomRac gamorCa mxedvelobidan mieRo gadawyvetileba am konkretuli moTxovnis mimarT. magaliTad, sasamarTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba mopasuxeze valis gadaxdevinebis dakisrebis Sesaxeb, magram ar miiRo gadawyvetileba procentebis Sesaxeb, romlis Taobaze mosarCelem waradgina mtkicebulebebi, moismina mxareTa axsna-ganmartebebi da a. S. an kidev, mosarCelem moiTxova mopasuxis binidan gamosaxleba da masze binis qiris gadaxdevinebis dakisreba. sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT daadgina mopasuxis binidan gamosaxleba, magram araferi Tqva (gamorCa) masze binis qiris gadaxdevinebis dakisrebis Sesaxeb sakiTxis gadawyvetaze. b) meore pirobis Tanaxmad, damatebiTi gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gamotanili iqnes im SemTxvevaSiac, rodesac sasamarTlom marTalia daadgina rom dakmayofildes sasarCelo moTxovna, magram ar miuTiTa arc am 456 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari moTxovnis odenoba da arc misi saxeoba. magaliTad, daadgina gadauxados mopasuxem Tanxa, an gadasces nivTi, magram ar miuTiTa ra odenobis Tanxa gadaixados an ra saxis qoneba gadasces. an kidev, sasamarTlom daadgina, rom mopasuxem Seasrulos mosarCelis sasargeblod moqmedeba, magram ar miuTiTa Tu konkretulad romeli moqmedeba (amoaSenos tixari, moangrios kedeli, amoqolos fanjara da a. S.). g) 249-e muxlis Tanaxmad, gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili unda Seicavdes miTiTebas sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis Taobaze. Tu mosamarTles gamorCa es da gadawyvetileba Seicavs xarvezs am TvalsazrisiT, maSin igi SeiZleba Seivsos damatebiTi gadawyvetilebiT. _ praqtikaSi ufro gavrcelebulia iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac aRZruli iyo ramdenime moTxovna, sasamarTlom ganixila yvela es moTxovna, magram erT-erTi moTxovnis mimarT gadawyvetileba ar iqna miRebuli. _ damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis aucilebloba SeiZleba warmoiSvas rogorc ZiriTadi moTxovnis, ise Segebebuli sarCelisa da mesame piris sarCelis mimarTac. 2. am muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis sakiTxi SeiZleba daisvas ZiriTadi gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebidan 7-dRis ganmavlobaSi. am muxlis danawesi ise unda gavigoT, rom ZiriTadi gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas eswrebodnen mxareebi. magram, Tu gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas ar eswrebodnen mxareebi, an erT-erTi mxare, maSin 7-dRiani vada unda daiwyos im dRidan, rodesac mxares Cabarda motivirebuli gadawyvetileba. ufro zustad rom vTqvaT 7-dRiani vadis dena unda daiwyos im dRidan, saidanac iwyeba gadawyvetilebis saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT gasaCivrebis vada. am vadis arc gagrZeleba da arc aRdgena ar daiSveba. Tu es vada gaSvebuli iqna da damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis SesaZlebloba daikarga, maSin mxa457 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali res SeuZlia gaasaCivros ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba, moiTxovos misi gauqmeba da saqmis xelmeored ganxilva im motiviT, romlebic miTiTebulia 261-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~ da `b~ qvepunqtebSi, xolo sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis sakiTxi TviTon zemdgom sasamarTlosac SeuZlia ise, rom ar gaauqmos gadawyvetileba. 3. damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis sakiTxs sasamarTlo wyvets saqmeTa ganxilvis saerTo wesis dacviT, kerZod igi niSnavs sxdomas, ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mxareebs. maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, ver gaxdeba dauswrebeli damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis safuZveli, rasac ssk saerTod ar iTvaliswinebs. _ damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb sakiTxis dasma da ganxilva ver SeaCerebs ZiriTadi gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas da misi vadis denis SeCerebas. 4. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba Sedis kanonier ZalaSi im wesiT da im vadebSi, rogorc ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba (264-e muxli) da misi gasaCivreba SeiZleba imave wesiT, ra wesiTac ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba (369-e muxli). _ Tu jer kidev araa ganxiluli saCivari ZiriTad gadawyvetilebaze da mxare asaCivrebs damatebiT gadawyvetilebas, maSin es meore saCivari egzavneba zemdgom sasamarTlos maTi erTad ganxilvisaTvis. Tu mxare ar asaCivrebs damatebiT gadawyvetilebas igi Sedis kanonier ZalaSi. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba aris ZiriTadi gadawyvetilebis organuli nawili, magram, Tu igi ar gasaCivrebula, iTvleba, rom am nawilSi ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba ar gasaCivrebula da igi Sedis kanonier ZalaSi. 5. Tu sasamarTlos azriT ar arsebobs damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis pirobebi, mas gamoaqvs ganCineba damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanaze uaris 458 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Tqmis Sesaxeb, romelzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (414-420-e muxlebi). muxli 262. gadawyvetilebis ganmarteba 1. gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs mxareTa an sasamarTlo aRmasruleblis gancxadebiT, gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis xelSewyobis mizniT ganmartos gadawyvetileba sarezolucio nawilis Seucvlelad mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Sinaarsi bundovania. gancxadebis Setana gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb dasaSvebia, Tu gadawyvetileba jer ar aris aRsrulebuli da Tu ar gasula vada, romlis ganmavlobaSic gadawyvetileba SeiZleba aRsruldes. sasamarTlo uflebamosilia gandawyvetilebis ganmartebis sakiTxi gadawyvitos zepiri mosmenis gareSe. sxdomis Catarebis SemTxvevaSi mxareebs egzavneba Setyobineba, magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis sakiTxis ganxilvas. 2. gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. 1. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom gadawyvetileba mTlianad an nawilobriv ar iyos Camoyalibebuli naTlad da garkveviT, Seicavdes urTierTgamomricxav an Seusabamo debulebebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi dasaSvebia misi ganmarteba imis aucilebeli gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ganmartebis saxiT ar moxdes gadawyvetilebis ufro zustad ki misi sarezolucio nawilis ZiriTadi azrisa da Sinaarsis Secvala. 459 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali - am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis winapirobas. aseTi winapirobaa gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis bundovneba. _ gadawyvetilebis ganmarteba rom ganxorcieldes, aucilebelia agreTve Semdegi pirobebis arseboba: 1) mxaris an sasamarTlo aRmasruleblis gancxadeba; 2) gadawyvetileba ar aRsrulebula, an jer kidev ar gasula misi aRsrulebis dro, anu jer kidev ar gasula aTi weli misi kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan (samoq. kodeqsis 142-e muxli). _ es aris dro, romlis ganmavlobaSic SeiZleba moxdes aRsrulebadi gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) ganmarteba. magram es srulebiT ar niSnavs imas, rom ar SeiZleba aRiarebiT sarCelze (ssk 180-e muxli) gamotanili ara aRsrulebadi gadawyvetilebis an winaswar (Sualedur) gadawyvetilebaze ganmarteba. nebismieri gadawyvetileba, Tu igi moiTxovs ganmartebas, SeiZleba ganmartos sasamarTlom. _ gancxadebiT, gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb, SeiZleba mimarTon sasamarTlos nebismier dros motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotanidan mis aRsrulebamde. _ dauSvebelia im gadawyvetilebis ganmarteba, romelic aRsrulebulia. _ ganCineba gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb egzavneba zemdgom sasamarTlos Tu iq ganixileba saCivari im gadawyvetilebaze, romlis ganmartebasac exeba es ganCineba. _ gadawyvetilebis ganmartebas axdens is sasamarTlo (mosamarTle), romelmac igi gamoitana. Tu is sasamarTlo Semadgenloba an mosamarTle ar aris, maSin ganmartebas gaakeTebs am sasamarTlos sxva Semadgenloba an mosamarTle. _ ganCineba ganmartebis Sesaxeb aris gadawyvetilebis organuli nawili da Caekereba saqmeSi. _ gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb mxaris gan460 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari cxadebis miReba an misi ganxilva ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas. _ dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis saxiT axali gadawyvetilebis miReba an adre miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Secvla. _ ganmartebis aucilebloba SeiZleba warmoiSvas aramarto gadawyvetilebebis, aramed ganCinebebis mimarTac, aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganmartos ganCineba am muxlis analogiiT (kanonis analogia). 2. gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, xolo gadawyvetilebis ganmartebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb miRebul ganCinebaze kerZo saCivari ar Seitaneba. muxli 263. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadeba an ganawilvadeba, aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis Secvla 1. sasamarTlos, romelmac gamoitana saqmeze gadawyvetileba, ufleba aqvs, mxareTa TxovniT, maTi qonebrivi mdgomareobisa da sxva garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, erTjeradad, 3 Tvemde vadiT gadados an erT wlamde vadiT gaanawilvados gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba, agreTve Secvalos misi aRsrulebis saSualeba da wesi. 2. mxareTa gancxadeba ganixileba sasamarTlo sxdomaze, romlis droisa da adgilis Sesaxeb ecnobebaT mxareebs, magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs sasamarTlos winaSe dasmuli sakiTxis gadawyvetas. 3. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadebis an ganawilvadebis Sesaxeb, agreTve gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis saSualebis an 461 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali wesis Secvlis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis wesis Secvlis sam SesaZlebel variants: 1) aRsrulebis gadadebas; 2) aRsrulebis ganawilvadebas; 3) aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis Secvlas. _ aRsrulebis gadadeba niSnavs aRsrulebis sxva droisaTvis, anu ufro mogvianebiT gadatanas, vidre amas moiTxovs aRsasrulebeli gadawyvetileba an kanoni.es SesaZlebelia erTjeradad da sam Tvemde vadiT. _ aRsrulebis ganawilvadeba niSnavs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis etapobrivad aRsrulebis dadgenas. ganawilvadebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gansazRvravs zust kalendarul dros, romelSic unda moxdes aRsruleba da ra moculobiT. magaliTad, 2003 wlis 10 aprilidan 10 ivnisamde _ 1000 lari; 10 ivnisidan 1 agvistomde 2000 lari da a. S. ganawilvadeba dasaSvebia erT wlamde vadiT. _ ganawilvadeba ar SeiZleba moxdes im SemTxvevaSi, roca nivTi, romelic mopasuxem unda gadasces mosarCeles _ ganuyofadia. _ aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis Secvla niSnavs aRsrulebis erTi saxis meore saxiT Secvlas. magaliTad, amoaSenos tixari, moangrios kedeli da a. S. sasamarTlos SeuZlia ufleba misces mosarCeles TviTonve Seasrulos es moqmedeba mopasuxis nacvlad da mis xarjze (254-e muxli), Tu sasamarTlo daadgens gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv, e. i. kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde aRsrulebas _ es iqneba aRsrulebis wesis Secvla; Tu auqcionis nacvlad sasamarTlo daadgens sxva gziT qonebis realizacias _ es iqneba aRsrulebis wesis Secvla da a. S. _ `saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 33-e muxli iTvaliswinebs saaRsrulebo moq462 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari medebis SeCerebas, rac aRsrulebis gadadebis nairsaxeobaa da niSnavs aRsrulebis sxva droisaTvis, anu, ufro mogvianebiT gadatanas, rac sasamarTlos ganCinebiT unda ganxorcieldes. 2. aRsrulebis gadadeba (SeCereba), ganawilvadeba, an aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis Secvla SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mxolod sasamarTlos ganCinebiT. amitom, mxareTa gancxadeba, maT Soris gancxadeba, romelic Setanilia aRmasrulebelTan, unda gadaeces am gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos da ganixilos man am muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT. _ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom aRsrulebis gadadeba (SeCereba), ganawilvadeba an aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis Secvla dasaSvebia, Tu arsebobs amisaTvis gonivruli safuZveli, rogoricaa, magaliTad, movalis an misi ojaxis wevris avadmyofoba, roca sakiTxi exeba binidan gamosaxlebas, stiqiuri movlenebi, sxva adgilze sacxovreblad gadasvla, qonebrivi mdgomareobis moulodneli gauareseba da a. S. 3. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba mxolod iseT ganCinebaze, romliTac dakmayofilda mxaris Suamdgomloba (gancxadeba) gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadebis, ganawilvadebis Tu misi saSualebisa da wesis Secvlis Sesaxeb. 463 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XXVI I I sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba muxli 264. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla 1. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba Sedis kanonier ZalaSi: a) gamocxadebisTanave, Tu dauSvebelia saapelaco wesiT gasaCivreba; b) saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis vadis gasvlis Semdeg, rodesac dasaSvebia gadawyvetilebis saapelacio gasaCivreba, Tu igi ar iyo am wesiT gasaCivrebuli; g) saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, romelmac gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba ucvlelad datova. d) Tu gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis Semdeg mxareebi werilobiTi formiT ganacxadeben uars mis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze. 2. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCineba), Tu igi ar gasaCivrebula, kanonier ZalaSi Sedis misi sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebis vadis gasvlis Semdeg, xolo Tu iyo gasaCivrebuli - sakasacio wesiT saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg, Tuki saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) ar gauqmebula. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) kanonier ZalaSi aseve Sedis, Tu gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) 464 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari gamocxadebis Semdeg mxareebi werilobiTi formiT ganacxadeben uars mis sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze. 3. sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) kanonier ZalaSi Sedis dauyovnebliv, misi gamocxadebisTanave. es muxli gansazRvravs pirveli, saapelacio da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebaTa kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis pirobebsa da wess. 1. pirveli instanciis sasamarTloTa gadawyvetilebebi kanonier ZalaSi Sedis: a) rodesac mxareebma anu gasaCivrebaze uflebamosilma yvela pirma uari Tqves kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebaze (250-e da 370-e muxlebi). b) Tu dasaSvebia gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivreba, magram igi ar iyo gasaCivrebuli kanoniT dadgenil 14 dRian vadaSi (369-e muxli). aseT SemTxvevaSi gadawyvetileba kanonier ZalaSi Sedis am 14 dRiani vadis gasvlis Semdeg, am vadis aRdgena (gagrZeleba) dauSvebelia, xolo vadis darRveviT saCivris Setana ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas. g) Tu saapelacio sasamarTlom, romelmac ganixila saCivari ucvlelad datova gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba, maSin igi kanonier ZalaSi Sedis mas Semdeg, rodesac saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Sesaxeb Seva kanonier ZalaSi (ix. am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari). d) Tu mxareebma ganacxades uari gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebaze. aseTi uari gancxadebuli unda iqnes werilobiTi formiT (370-e muxli), magram Tu aseTi gancxadeba mxareebma gaakeTes sasamarTlo sxdomaze, maSin igi unda aisaxos oqmSi da dadasturdes mxareTa xelmoweriT (ix. 250-e muxlis komentari). cxadia, araa gamoricxuli, rom gadawyvetileba, 465 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali romlis gasaCivrebaze mxareebma uari Tqves an, romlis gasaCivrebis vada ukve gavida, mainc gaasaCivron maT. saapelacio sasamarTlom aseTi saCivari ganuxilvelad unda datovos misi dauSveblobis gamo, xolo saCivris Setana ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas. 2. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCinweba), kanonier ZalaSi Sedis: a) rodesac mxareebma kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ix. 370e muxli) uari ganacxades saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze. b) rodesac saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) ar iyo gasaCivrebuli kanoniT dadgenil erTTvian vadaSi (ix. 397-e muxlis komentari). g) rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlom, romelmac ganixila sakasacio saCivari ucvlelad datova gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba. d) rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba `sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb“ (401-e muxlis pirveli nawili); e) rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba sakasacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo (403-e muxli). 3. sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi da ganCinebebi kanonier ZalaSi Sedian dauyovnebliv, maTi gamocxadebisTanave. muxli 265. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba an Secvla kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba an Secvla dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi da im wesiT, rac dadgenilia am kodeqsiT. _ kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis an Secvlis erTaderTi gza _ esaa saqmis warmoebis 466 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ganaxleba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo (421-e muxli). _ arcerT arasasamarTlo organos an Tanamdebobis pirs ufleba ar aqvs Secvalos an gaauqmos sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba. yvela organo da Tanamdebobis piri valdebulia xeli Seuwyos gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas qveynis teritoriaze. muxli 266. gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Sedegebi gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg mxareebs, agreTve maT uflebamonacvleebs ar SeuZliaT xelaxla ganacxadon sasamarTloSi igive sasarCelo moTxovnebi imave safuZvlze, agreTve sadavo gaxadon sxva procesSi gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili faqtebi da samarTeblivi urTierTobani. am muxliT gansazRvrulia gadawyvetilebis subieqturi da obieqturi farglebi. _ gadawyvetilebis subieqturi farglebi vrceldeba: a) mosarCeleze; b) mopasuxeze; g) mesame pirebze damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT; d) maT uflebamonacvleebze. am pirebze vrceldeba gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala da maT ar SeuZliaT kvlav aRZran igive sarCeli erTmaneTis mimarT. aq CamoTvlil pirebze gadawyvetilebis subieqturi farglebi, anu gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala vrceldeba mxolod erTi aucilebeli (savaldebulo) pirobiT: Tu isini mowveuli iyvnen saqmis ganxilvaSi, e. i. gaegzavnaT Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (70-78-e muxlebi). Tu isini ar iyvnen mowveuli am wesiT _ es gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi (udavo) safuZvelia (394-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti). _ gadawyvetilebis obieqturi farglebi vrceldeba: a) igive sasarCelo moTxovnaze; b) igive safuZvel467 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ze; g) gadawyvetilebis dadgenil faqtobriv da samarTlebriv urTierTobebze, romlebsac adgili hqondaT am gadawyvetilebis gamotanis momentisaTvis (gadawyvetilebis droiTi farglebi). es imas niSnavs, rom im pirebs, romlebzec vrceldeba gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala (mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT, maTi uflebamonacvleebi), ufleba ar aqvT kvlav aRZran igive sarCeli, e. i. sarCeli igive moTxovniT, igive safuZvliT da imave pirebs Soris. magram, Tu erTerTi elementi sxvaa, magaliTad, sasarCelo moTxovna an am sarCelis safuZveli sxvaa, an moTxovnac da safuZvelic igivea, magram erT-erTi mxare, vTqvaT mopasuxe, sxvaa, maSin `igive~ sarCelis aRZvra dasaSvebia. _ amave muxliT gansazRvrulia gadawyvetilebis preiudiciuloba, rac imas niSnavs, rom kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebi da samarTlebrivi urTierTobani aRar saWiroeben dadgenas im pirobiT Tu sxva samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvaSi igive mxareebi monawileoben (106-e muxli). muxli 267. gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba dasaSvebia mxolod misi kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg. _ aq mxedvelobaSia mxolod gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba, rac dasaSvebia mxolod am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg (264-e muxli). kanoni uSvebs erTaderT gamonaklis am wesidan, rodesac sasamarTlo daadgens gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv, e. i. kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde aRsrulebas (268-e muxli). _ rac Seexeba gadawyvetilebis nebayoflobiT aRsrulebas _ es dasaSvebi da SesaZlebelia gadawyveti468 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari lebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamdec da gansxvavebiT iZulebiTi aRsrulebisa, mTlianad damokidebulia movalis neba-survilze. _ gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsruleba, romelic Sevida kanonier ZalaSi an romlis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba daadgina sasamarTlom, xorcieldeba `saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniT dadgenili wesiT. muxli 2671. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis ganxilvis da gadawyvetis wesi 1. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi ganixileba sasamarTlo sxdomaze, romlis dro da adgili ecnobebaT mxareebs. maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs sasamarTlos mier sakiTxis gadawyvetas. 2. gadawyvetileba miiReba ganCinebis formiT. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. 1. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba wamoiWras mravali sakiTxi, rogoricaa magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv (kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde) aRsruleba, gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadeba, ganawilvadeba, SeCereba, aRsrulebis saSualebebisa da wesis Secvla, aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa da sxva. yvela aseTi sakiTxis ganxilva warmoebs sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa SetyobinebiT, romelTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs sakiTxis gadawyvetas. gamonaklisi am wesidan SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebuli iyos kanoniT. magaliTad, am kodeqsis 271-e 469 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxlis Tanaxmad gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa, Tu amas dauSvebs sasamarTlo, unda ganxorcieldes amave kodeqsis 191-199-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. 193-e muxlis Sesabamisad uzrunvelyofis sakiTxs sasamarTlo ganixilavs mopasuxis Seutyobineblad (ix. am muxlis komentari). 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili aucileblad saWiroebs dazustebas: kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba ara aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebiT gamotanil nebismier ganCinebaze, aramed mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul ganCinebaze (ix. magaliTad, 263-e muxlis me-3 nawilis da 270e muxlis komentari). muxli 2672. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba 1. aRsrulebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da axali gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg sarCelis dakmayofilebaze mTlianad an nawilobriv uaris Tqmis, saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis an sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi mopasuxes mosarCelem unda daubrunos yovelive, rac mas mosarCelis sasargeblod gadaxda gauqmebuli gadawyvetilebiT. 2. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis sakiTxs mopasuxis gancxadebis safuZvelze wyvets axali gadawyvetilebis an ganCinebis mimRebi sasamarTlo. 1. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba warmoadgens movalis, e.i. im mxaris uflebebisa da interesebis dacvis saSualebas, romlis mimarTac moxda sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis SebrunebisaTvis aucilebelia ori pirobis erTdroulad arseboba: 470 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari erTi - im gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, romelic ukve aRsrulebulia da meore - im sarCelis dakmayofilebaze mTlianad an nawilobriv uaris Tqma, romlis mimarTac gamotanili iyo adre aRsrulebuli gadawyvetileba, saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta an am sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu adre aRsrulebuli gadawyvetileba gauqmda, magram sarCelis bedi jer kidev araa sabolood gadawyvetili - gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba ver ganxorcieldeba, radgan ar SeiZleba winaswar iyos cnobili, Tu rogori gadawyvetileba iqneba miRebuli sarCelis ganxilvis Sedegad. - sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis SemTxvevaSi mosarCelem mopasuxes unda daubrunos yovelive, rac man miiRo mopasuxisagan gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aRsrulebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Sedegad sarCeli mxolod nawilobriv iqna dakmayofilebuli, xolo nawilobriv uari eTqva mosarCeles mis dakmayofilebaze, maSin mosarCelem unda daubrunos mopasuxes yovelive, rac man miiRo sasarCelo moTxovnis im nawilis mixedviT, romlis dakmayofilebaze uari eTqva mas. 2. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mopasuxis SuamdgomlobiT. sasamarTlos iniciativiT gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebas kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis sakiTxs wyvets sasamarTlo, romelmac gamoitana axali gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb an ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, an, kidev, ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb. - Tu arsebobda mopasuxis Sesabamisi gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis Sesaxeb, maSin axali gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gamomtani sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis Sesaxeb miuTiTebs am axal gadawyvetilebaSi. Tu aseTi gancxadebiT mopasuxe mimarTavs sasamarTlos mas Sem471 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali deg, rodesac gamotanili iqna axali gadawyvetileba, maSin sasamarTlo romelmac es axali gadawyvetileba gamoitana niSnavs sasamarTlo sxdomas, am gancxadebis gansaxilvelad, ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mxareebs, magram maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs gancxadebis ganxilvas. gadawyvetileba sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis Sebrunebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba miiRos rogorc pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom, ise saapelacio da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloebma, imis mixedviT, Tu romeli instanciis sasamarTlom miiRo axali gadawyvetileba gauqmebulis nacvlad. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gauqmebuli gadawyvetilebidan da saqmeSi arsebuli masalebidan ar Cans garkveviT Tu ra xasiaTisa da moculobis gadaxdevineba ganxorcielda - saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloebs SeuZliaT gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis sakiTxi gadasawyvetad daubrunon qvemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlos. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mxolod axali gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg. muxli 268. dauyovnebliv aRsasrulebeli gadawyvetilebebi 1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa TxovniT mTlianad an nawilobriv dauyovnebliv aRsasruleblad gadasces gadawyvetilebebi: a) alimentis mikuTvnebis Sesaxeb; b) dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxva dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis sikvdiliT gamowveuli zianis asanazRaureblad gadasaxadebis dakisrebis Sesaxeb; g) muSakisaTvis ara umetes 3 Tvis xelfasis mikuTvnebis Sesaxeb; d) ukanonod daTxovnili an gadayvanili 472 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muSakis samuSaoze aRdgenis Sesaxeb; e) amoRebulia; v) Tamasuqisa da Cekis Taobaze gamotanili gadawyvetilebebi; z) yvela sxva saqmeze, Tu gansakuTrebul garemoebaTa gamo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis dayovnebam SeiZleba gadamxdevinebels mniSvnelovani ziani miayenos, an Tu gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba SeuZlebeli aRmoCndeba. 2. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis daSvebisas sasamarTlos SeuZlia mosTxovos mosarCeles gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis uzrunvelyofa sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi. 3. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba ar daiSveba, Tu SeuZlebelia im zaralis zustad gamoTvla, romelic SeiZleba miadges mowinaaRmdege mxares, ris gamoc meore mxare ver SeZlebs mis uzrunvelyofas. 1. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos mxolod mxareTa TxovniT da ara Tavisi iniciativiT. dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis daSvebis sakiTxi ganixileba 269-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT. _ es muxli Seicavs im gadawyvetilebaTa mxolod sanimuSo CamonaTvals, romlebic SeiZleba gadaeces dauyovnebliv aRsrulebisaTvis. nebismieri sxva gadawyvetilebac SeiZleba gadaeces dauyovnebliv aRsrulebisaTvis Tu arsebobs „z“ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebi. 2. gadawyvetilebis gadacema dauyovnebliv aRsrulebisaTvis ar niSnavs am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas. dainteresebul mxares SeuZlia gaasaCivros es gadawyvetileba Sesabamisad saapelacio an 473 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali sakasacio wesiT. cxadia, araa gamoricxuli, rom zemdgomma sasamarTlom gaauqmos an Secvalos es gadawyvetileba, miRebul iqnes sxva gadawyvetileba. aseT SemTxvevaSi wamoiWreba ori sakiTxi: erTi _ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis sakiTxi da meore _ im zaralis anazRaurebis sakiTxi, romelic miadga mxares gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis gamo. _ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis sasamarTlos SeuZlia dainteresebuli mxaris gancxadebis safuZvelze, an Tavisi iniciativiT mosTxovos gadamxdevinebels gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis uzrunvelyofa, romelic SeiZleba gamoixatos Sesabamisi odenobis Tanxis SetaniT saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sadepozito angariSze, an romelime sakredito dawesebulebis TavdebobaSi (57-e muxli). 3. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba, Tu gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis dayovnebam SeiZleba mniSvnelovani ziani miayenos mxares (gadamxdevinebels), an gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba SeuZlebeli aRmoCndes. am garemoebaTa damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba Suamdgomlobis aRmZvrel pirs. _ sasamarTlom uari unda Tqvas gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebaze, Tu Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri ver daamtkicebs zemoT miTiTebul garemoebebs, an Tu SeuZlebeli iqneba im zaralis (zianis) gamoTvla, romelic SeiZleba miadges mowinaaRmdege mxares, ris gamoc dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis momTxovni piri ver SeZlebs mis uzrunvelyofas. _ im zianis moculobis damtkicebis tvirTi, romelic SeiZleba miadges mowinaaRmdege mxares (movales) gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebiT, ekisreba am mowinaaRmdege mxares (movales). 474 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 269. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis sakiTxi SeiZleba ganxilull iqnes imave sxdomaze, romelzedac gamotanili iqna gadawyvetileba. Tu gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis sakiTxi imave sxdomaze ar ganixileba, maSin sasamarTlo niSnavs sxdomas, ris Sesaxebac acnobebs mxareebs; mxareebis gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs sakiTxis gadawyvetas. _ sanam gadawyvetileba jer kidev araa miRebuli, SeuZlebelia vilaparakoT mis aRsrulebaze. amitom, Tu gadawyvetilebis iZulebiTi aRsrulebisaTvis saWiroa misi kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla, gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebisaTvis saWiroa jer gadawyvetilebis miReba. _ mxarem SeiZleba mimarTos sasamarTlos jer kidev gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, magram Suamdgomloba gadawyvetilebis dauyonebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba ganixilos sasamarTlom mxolod am gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg da imave sxdomaze, romelzec gamotanili iqna gadawyvetileba. _ iseT pirobebSi, rodesac gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis daSvebis sakiTxis ganxilva SeiZleba moxdes ara sasamarTlos iniciativiT, aramed mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT da 268-e muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis dacviT (ix. am muxlis komentari), es sakiTxi SeiZleba gadawydes sasamarTlo ganCinebiT da ara im gadawyvetilebiT, romelic dauyonebliv unda aRsruldes. 475 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 270. dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebis gasaCivreba gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, romelic ar SeaCerebs am ganCinebis Sesrulebas. _ dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb mxaris gancxadebis ganxilvis Sedegad sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. sasamarTlos ganCineba dauyovnebliv aRsrulebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ar gasaCivrdeba. sasamarTlos ganCineba gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT 416-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT. kerZo saCivris Setana ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebas, magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi ganCinebiT SeaCeros aseTi aRsruleba (418-e muxli). - Tu gadawyvetilebis dauyonebliv aRsrulebis sakiTxi amave gadawyvetilebiT iqna dadgenili, maSin es gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes, am nawilSi. muxli 271. gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa sasamarTlos SeuZlia uzrunvelyos im gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba, romelic gadacemuli ar aris dauyovnebliv aRsasruleblad XXI I I TaviT dadgenili wesebis Sesabamisad. _ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa warmoadgens am gadawyvetilebis realurad aRsrulebis garantias. Tu sasamarTlom daadgina gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba, am gadawyvetilebis uzrunvelyofa saWiro aRaraa, radgan dauyovnebliv aRsru476 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari leba, Tavis mxriv warmoadgens am gadawyvetilebis realurad aRsrulebis erT-erT efeqtian saSualebas. saWiro araa agreTve kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa, radgan `saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ kanoni Seicavs gadawyvetilebis realurad aRsrulebis yvela saWiro meqanizmebs. _ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa warmoebs am kodeqsis XXI I I TaviT (191-199-e muxlebi) dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari). 477 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XXIX saqmis warmoebis damTavreba gadawyvetilebis gamotanis gareSe muxli 272. saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta sasamarTlo, mxareTa gancxadebiT an Tavisi iniciativiT, Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas, Tu: a) saqme ar unda iqnes ganxiluli sasamarTloSi imis gamo, rom kanonis Tanaxmad misi ganxilva sxva uwyebis kompetenciaSi Sedis; b) arsebobs sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetileba an ganCineba, romelic gamotanilia davaze imave mxareebs Soris, imave saganze da imave safuZvlebiT mosarCelis mier sarCelze uaris miRebis an mxareTa morigebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb; g) mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze; d) mxareebi morigdnen; e) saqmis erT-erT mxared myofi moqalaqis gardacvalebis Semdeg, sadavo samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare, dauSvebelia uflebamonacvleoba; v) mxareebs Soris dadebulia xelSekruleba, rom es dava gadasawyvetad gadaeces kerZo arbitraJs. z) kanoniT dadgenilia sxva SemTxveva. samoqalaqo saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi, rogorc wesi, mTavrdeba am saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamotaniT, magram samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi uSvebs saqmis warmoebis damTavrebas gadawyvetilebis gamotanis gareSec, kerZod; a) ganCinebiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb da b) ganCinebiT sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb. saqmis warmoebis 478 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari damTavrebis es ori forma gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan rogorc safuZvlebiT, ise Tavisi SedegebiT. _ saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta sasamarTlos SeuZlia ara marto mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, aramed Tavisi iniciativiTac, oRond Tu arsebobs am muxlSi CamoTvlili safuZvlebi. es safuZvlebi aseTia: a) am punqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba anu sasamarTlo saqveuwyeboba (me-11 muxli) da ara gansjadoba (13-24-e muxlebi). saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba Zlier gafarToebulia: yvela dava, romelic samarTliT mowesrigebuli urTierTobidan gamomdinareobs, eqvemdebareba sasamarTlos. amasTan erTad, arsebobs davebi, romlebic Tumca samarTliT mowesrigebuli urTierTobebidan gamomdinareoben, magram maTi ganxilvis kompetencia mikuTvnebuli aqvs sakonstitucio sasamarTlos. aseT SemTxvevaSi saerTo sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos sarCeli (gancxadeba) warmoebaSi (186-e muxli), xolo Tu SecdomiT miiRo _ unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba. _ erTmaneTSi ar unda agverios uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba da gansjadoba. uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba pasuxobs kiTxvaze: eqvemdebareba Tu ara saqme saerTo sasamarTloebs uwyebrivad. am kiTxvaze dadebiTi pasuxis gacemisas wamoiWreba meore sakiTxi: romelma konkretulma sasamarTlom unda ganixilos es saqme. am kiTxvaze pasuxs gvaZlevs gansjadoba. Tu saqme am sasamarTlos gansjadi araa, saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta dauSvebelia. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqme sasamarTlom unda gadaugzavnos gansjad sasamarTlos (23-e muxli), an kidev, Sesabamisi pirobebis arsebobisas TviTon ganixilos es saqme (21-e muxlis me-2 nawili). b) am punqtiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta dasaSvebia: 1) Tu arsebobs kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetileba igive sarCelze. sarCeli igivea, Tu igivea sasarCelo moTxovna (sarCelis sagani), sarCelis safuZveli da igi aRZrulia imave mxareebs Soris. Tu erT-erTi ele479 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali menti sxvaa, magaliTad, moTxovna igivea, magram safuZveli sxvaa, an kidev, yvelaferi da maT Soris mosarCele igivea, magram mopasuxe sxvaa da a. S. sasamarTlom saqme unda ganixilos; 2) Tu arsebobs kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb im safuZvliT, rom igive sarCelis mimarT mxareebi morigdnen an mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze. g) am qvepunqtiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas safuZvlad udevs dispoziciurobis principidan gamomdinare piris ufleba gankargos Tavisi uflebebi. mosarCele sarCelze uaris TqmiT gankargavs Tavis uflebas (me-3 da 98-e muxlebi). amitom, sasamarTlom aseT SemTxvevaSi unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba, radgan aRar arsebobs davis sagani, romlis mimarT sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos Tavisi gadawyvetileba. _ sarCelze uaris Tqma, rogorc mosarCelis mier Tavisi materialur-samarTlebrivi uflebis gankargva, unda ganvasxvavoT mosarCelis mier am etapze sarCelis ganxilvaze uaris Tqmisagan, e. i. rodesac mosarCeles aRar surs am etapze sarCelis ganxilva da moiTxovs sarCelis ukan dabrunebas (sarCelis gamoxmoba). (ix. 831-e muxlis komentari) . aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmis warmoebis Sewyveta dauSvebelia, radgan mosarCele kargavs uflebas kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos igive sarCeliT (ix. me-3 muxlis komentari).37 d) morigebiT saqmis damTavreba, iseve, rogorc sarCelze uaris Tqma, dispoziciurobis principis erT-erTi konkretuli gamovlinebaa (me-3 muxli). saqmis morigebiT damTavrebiT mxareTa Soris wamoWrili dava wydeba aramarto iuridiulad, aramed faqtiuradac. amitom, sasamarTlom procesis nebismier stadiaze da yovelTvis unda ecados moarigos mxareebi, daamTavros saqme morigebiT. 37 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze #7,2002, gv.1141. 480 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari e) erT-erTi mxaris gardacvaleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi iwvevs saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas, Tu uflebamonacvleoba, materialur-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare, dauSvebelia. magaliTad, mosarCele mimarTavs sasamarTlos meore meuRlisagan sarCos miRebis Sesaxeb. mosarCele saqmis ganxilvis procesSi gardaicvala. sasamarTlom unda Sewyvitos saqme, radgan sarCos miRebaze uflebamosili piri gardaicvala da mis nacvlad sxva pirs sarCos miRebis ufleba ar aqvs. rac Seexeba iuridiul pirs, sasamarTlom unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba, Tu mxared myofi iuridiuli piris likvidacia moxda, radgan iuridiuli piris likvidaciis SemTxvevaSi uflebamonacvleoba ar warmoiSoba. 3) mxareTa SeTanxmebas, davis kerZo arbitraJis, anu samediatoro sasamarTlosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb, aqvs iuridiuli Zala. amitom, Tu erT-erTi mxare mainc mimarTavs sasamarTlos sarCeliT, sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos es sarCeli (ssk-is186-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqti), xolo Tu SecdomiT miiRebs, unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba. _ am muxlis `a~, `b~ da `v~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi mosarCeles ubrundeba mis mier Setanili saxelmwifo baJi. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis aq CamoTvlili safuZvlebi araa amomwuravi. kanoniT SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebuli iqnes sxva safuZvlebic. muxli 273. ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb 1. saqmeze warmoeba Sewydeba sasamarTlo ganCinebiT. Tu saqmis warmoeba Sewyvetilia imis gamo, rom saqme kanonis Tanaxmad sasamarTlos ar eqvemdebareba, sasamarT481 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali lo valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu romel organos unda mimarTos ganmcxadebelma. 2. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlosaTvis xelmeored mimarTva davaze imave mxareebs Soris, imave saganze da imave safuZvliT ar SeiZleba. 1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac 272-e muxlSi gaTvaliswinebuli saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis safuZvlebs adgili hqonda jer kidev sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebamde, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (186-e muxli) mxareTa Seutyobineblad, oRond mosarCeles unda gaegzavnos am ganCinebis asli. magram, Tu aseTi safuZveli warmoiSva sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg, magaliTad, mxareebi morigdnen, mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze, an erT-erTi mxare gardaicvala an moxda iuridiuli piris likvidacia, sasamarTlom unda moiwvios mosamzadebeli sxdoma, Tu es xdeba momzadebis stadiaze, an mTavari sxdoma, Tu yovelive es xdeba saqmis momzadebis damTavrebisa da mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Semdeg (207-e muxli) da am sxdomaze miiRos Sesabamisi ganCineba. 2. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas ukavSirdeba Zalian seriozuli Sedegi: igive sarCeliT sasamarTloSi xelmeored mimarTva dauSvebelia. igive sarCelSi igulisxmeba sarCeli igive moTxovniT, imave safuZvliT da imave mxareebs Soris. muxli 274. saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gasaCivreba sasamarTlos ganCinebaze saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. 482 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari _ saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana da ganxilva warmoebs 414-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari). muxli 275. sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba sasamarTlo, mxareTa gancxadebiT an Tavisi iniciativiT, ganuxilvelad datovebs sarCels, Tu: a) sarCeli (gancxadeba) Seitana qmeduunaro pirma, xolo sasamarTlos mizanSewonilad ar miaCnia dauniSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli; b) sarCeli (gancxadeba) dainteresebuli piris saxeliT Seitana im pirma, romelsac ara aqvs uflebamosileba saqmis warmoebaze; g) sasamarTlo sxdomaze mosarCele (ganmcxadebeli) ar gamocxadebula, xolo mopasuxe Tanaxmaa sarCelis (gancxadebis) ganuxilvelad datovebisa; d) arc erTi mxare ar gamocxadebula; e) imave an sxva sasamarTlos warmoebaSi aris saqme imave mxareebs Soris, imave saganze da imave safuZvliT. v) dakmayofilda mosarCelis Suamdgomloba sarCelisa da TandarTuli dokumentebis gamoxmobis Sesaxeb. _ sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebiT, ise rogorc saqmis warmoebis SewyvetiT, mTavrdeba saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi. sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba dasaSvebia am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiTa da wesiT. a) sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar miiRos sarCeli warmoebaSi, Tu igi Seitana qmeduunaro pirma (186-e muxlis 483 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali `v~ qvepunqti). qmeduunarod iTvleba srulwlovanebas miuRweveli piri (81-e muxlis me-2 nawili), agreTve srulwlovanebas miRweuli, magram sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod aRiarebuli pirebi. Tu, miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlom miiRo sarCeli warmoebaSi da Semdeg gamoirkva, rom mosarCele aris qmeduunaro, romelsac ar hyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlos SeuZlia dauniSnos aseT mosarCeles saproceso warmomadgeneli (82-e muxlis me-2 nawili). Tu saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvna mizanSewonilad ar miaCnia, sasamarTlo sarCels ganuxilvelad datovebs. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sarCeli Seitanos pirma, romelic, marTalia, araa aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, magram aSkarad ver uwevs Tavis moqmedebas angariSs, e. i. faqtiurad qmeduunaroa; aseT SemTxvevaSic, sasamarTlos SeuZlia dauniSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli ssk-is 82-e muxlis analogiiT (ix. am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari). _ am muxlis analogiiT gamoyenebis SesaZleblobaze miuTiTebs agreTve samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1277-e muxli, romlis Tanaxmad, mzrunveloba SeiZleba dauwesdes iuridiulad qmedunarian pirs, e. i. pirs, romelic araa aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, magram, romelsac ar SeuZlia Tavisi janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo ganaxorcielos Tavisi uflebebi da Seasrulos Tavisi movaleobebi.38 Tu sasamarTlos ar miaCnia mizanSewonilad saproceso warmomadgenlis (mzrunvelis) daniSvna, is sarCels ganuxilvelad datovebs. _ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom uflebamosilma pirma Seitanos gancxadeba piris qmeduunarod an SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb (322-e muxli). aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba (279-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqti). 38 ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mexuTe, Tb, 2001 484 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari b) am punqts mxedvelobaSi hyavs arauflebamosili piri da ara arasaTanado mxare. arasaTanado mosarCele _ es is piria, romelic mimarTavs sasamarTlos `Ta visi~ uflebis dasacavad, romelic sinamdvileSi misi ki ara, sxvisi uflebaa (84-e muxli), arauflebamosili piri ki _ es iseTi piria, romelic mimarTavs sasamarTlos ara Tavisi, aramed sxvisi uflebis dasacavad, magram amisaTvis mas ar gaaCnia am sxva pirisagan saTanadod gaformebuli uflebamosileba (96-e muxli). g) mosarCelis gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, oRond, Tu amis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobs mopasuxe. magram, Tu mopasuxe winaaRmdegia, maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia datovos sarCeli ganuxilvelad, oRond amazec saWiroa mopasuxis Tanxmoba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gadadebs saqmis ganxilvas. d) Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze arcerTi mxare da maTi warmomadgenelebi ar gamocxadnen, romlebsac gaegzavnaT Setyobineba 70-78-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT, maSin sasamarTlo sarCels ganuxilvelad datovebs (ix. 231-e muxlis komentari). e) am punqtSi miTiTebuli safuZvlis arsebobisas sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos sarCeli, magram Tu SecdomiT miiRo, maSin ganuxilvelad unda datovos igi. _ es punqti emyareba princips, rom ar SeiZleba erTi da igive sarCeli orma (an metma) sxvadasxva sasamarTlom ganixilos. amitom, Tu aRmoCndeba, rom erTi da igive sarCeli aRZrulia imave an sxva sasamarTloSi, erTerTma sarCeli ganuxilvelad unda datovos. magram romelma? am punqtis azriT, sarCeli ganuxilvelad unda datovos im sasamarTlom, romelSic ufro gvian Sevida sarCeli (gancxadeba). amis garkveva ar warmoadgens sirTules, Tu miRebulia ganCineba sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb. Tu aseTi ganCineba ar iyo miRebuli, maSin unda gairkves, romel sasamarTloSi ufro adre gavida 5 dRe sarCelis Semosvlidan, romlis Semdeg sarCeli warmoebaSi miRebulad iTvleba (183-e muxli). 485 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali v) sarCelisa da TandarTuli dokumentebis ukan gaTxova (gamoxmoba) gaTvaliswinebulia 831 muxliT (ix. komentari). _ am muxlis `a~, `b~, `e~ da „v“ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi mosarCeles ubrundeba mis mier Setanili saxelmwifo baJi. muxli 276. sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivreba sarCelis (gancxadebis) ganuxilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi saqmis warmoeba mTavrdeba sasamarTlo ganCinebiT, romelzedac SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. _ Tu sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis safuZvlebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia ssk-is 275-e muxlis `a~, `b~ da `e~ qvepunqtebiT gamovlinda saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos ganCineba mxareTa Setyobinebis gareSe, ise, rogorc es SesaZlebelia amave safuZvlebiT sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis dros (186-e muxli), magram Tu sasamarTlos mizanSewonilad miaCnia _ SeuZlia daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma (205-e muxli). _ sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis safuZvlebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia ssk-is 275-e muxlis `g~ da `d~ qvepunqtebSi SeiZleba gamovlindes mxolod sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, amitom ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb am safuZvlebiT SeiZleba miRebuli iqnes mxolod mTavar sxdomaze. _ yvela SemTxvevaSi mxareebs unda ecnoboT aseTi ganCinebis Sesaxeb kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, radgan am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana ssk-is 414-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari). 486 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 277. xandazmulobis vadis dadgena sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis dros sarCelis (gancxadebis) ganuxilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi sasarCelo xandazmulobis vada ar Sewydeba. _ sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebiT mxares ar erTmeva ufleba kvlav aRZras igive sarCeli (278-e muxli). sarCelis aRZvra SeiZleba moxdes saerTo wesis dacviT; rac Seexeba xandazmulobis vadas, sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebiT xandazmulobis vadis Sewyveta ar xdeba. amis Sesaxeb miTiTebulia agreTve samoqalaqo kodeqsis 140-e muxlSi.39 muxli 278. ganuxilvelad datovebuli sarCelis ganmeorebiT wardgena im garemoebaTa aRmofxvris SemTxvevaSi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebas, dainteresebul pirs ufleba aqvs kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos saerTo wesis dacviT. 1. Tu ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb Sevida kanonier ZalaSi, e. i. ar gausaCivrebia mxares an gaasaCivra, magram datovebul iqna ucvlelad, mas aRar SeuZlia moiTxovos saqmis ganaxleba. saqme iTvleba damTavrebulad. _ amis Semdeg mxares SeuZlia kvlav aRZras igive sarCeli, oRond Tu aRar arsebobs is safuZvlebi, ris gamoc sarCeli ganuxilvelad iqna datovebuli. sarCelis aRZvra unda moxdes saerTo wesis dacviT, maT Soris, kvlav unda iqnes Semotanili saxelmwifo baJi. 39 ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni pirveli, Tb.,1999, gv.333 487 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XXX saqmis warmoebis SeGereba muxli 279. sasamarTlos movaleoba SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba sasamarTlo valdebulia SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: a) moqalaqis gardacvalebisas, Tu sadavo-samarTlebrivi urTierToba dasaSvebad Tvlis uflebamonacvleobas, an im iuridiuli piris arsebobis Sewyvetisas, romelic saqmeSi mxares warmoadgens; b) mxaris mier qmedunarianobis dakargvisas; g) saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis moqmed nawilSi mopasuxis yofnisas an aseTive nawilebSi myofi mosarCelis TxovniT; d) Tu saqmis ganxilva SeuZlebelia sxva saqmis gadawyvetamde, romelic ganxilul unda iqnes samoqalaqo, sisxlis samarTlis an administraciuli wesiT; d1) Tu saqmes ganixilavs restituciisa da kompensaciis komisia an komisiis komiteti; e) me-6 muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi. _ es muxli iTvaliswinebs saqmis warmoebis savaldebulo SeCerebis safuZvlebs, e. i. safuZvlebs, rodesac saqmis warmoebis SeCereba savaldebuloa. a) moqalaqis gardacvaleba mxolod maSin iwvevs saqmis warmoebis SeCerebas, rodesac uSvebs uflebamonacvleobas. magaliTad, moqalaqem aRZra memkvidreobiTi urTierTobidan gamomdinare sarCeli da gardaicvala. sasamarTlo SeaCerebs saqmis warmoebas. magram 488 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Tu aRZruli iyo sarCeli samuSaoze aRdgenis Sesaxeb da mosarCele gardaicvala, sasamarTlom saqmis warmoeba ki ar unda SeaCeros, aramed unda Sewyvitos (272e muxlis `e~ qvepunqti). _ am punqtSi laparakia iuridiuli piris arsebobis Sewyvetaze. Sewyveta xdeba iuridiuli piris likvidaciis drosac. likvidaciis SemTxvevaSi uflebamonacvleoba ar warmoiSoba (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 39-e muxli, `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-14 muxli).40 amitom, `Sewyveta~ aq unda ganvixiloT rogorc iuridiuli piris reorganizacia (SeerTeba, mierTeba, gayofa, gamoyofa, gardaqmna) da ara rogorc iuridiuli piris likvidacia. amitom, sasamarTlo kargad unda gaerkves hqonda adgili likvidacias (Sewyvetas), Tu iuridiuli piris reorganizacias. saqmis warmoeba SeCerdeba, Tu adgili hqonda iuridiuli piris reorganizacias. b) am punqtis mixedviT igulisxmeba, rom Tavis droze sasamarTlom sworad miiRo sarCeli qmedunariani pirisagan, magram Semdeg gaxda igi qmeduunaro. qmeduunarod iTvleba piri, romelic sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiTaa aseTad aRiarebuli (322-e muxli). aseT pirs eniSneba meurve, romlis procesSi Cabmamde SeCerdeba saqmis warmoeba (326-e muxlis me-2 nawili, samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-12 muxli). _ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mosarCelem saqmis warmoebis procesSi dakargos unari, angariSi ver gauwios Tavis moqmedebas, e.i. gaxdes faqtiurad qmeduunaro, xolo saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis Tavidan asacileblad am piris qmeduunarod aRiarebamde da misTvis meurvis daniSvnamde sasamarTlos SeuZlia dauniSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli (82-e muxli), da mis daniSvnamde SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba. g) Tu mopasuxe imyofeba saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis moqmed nawilSi _ sasamarTlo SeaCerebs saq40 ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari,wigni pirveli, Tb., 1999, gv.140; lado Wanturia, Tedo niniZe, „mewarmeTa S esaxeb“ kanonis komentari, mesame gamocema, Tb.,2002, gv.172 489 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali mis warmoebas miuxedavad imisa, arsebobs Tu ara am mopasuxis Suamdgomloba, magram Tu mosarCelea SeiaraRebuli Zalebis moqmed nawilebSi, maSin saWiroa misi Txovna SeCerebis Sesaxeb. igulisxmeba, rom mxareebs CabardaT uwyeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (70-78-e muxlebi). d) am punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saqmis warmoebis SeCereba dasaSvebia mxolod im pirobiT, Tu sxva kategoriis saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebas SeiZleba mieces preiudiciuli (winaswar gadamwyveti) mniSvneloba am saqmis gadawyvetisas (106-e muxli). amitom, sanam saqmis warmoebas SeaCerebdes, sasamarTlom zustad unda gansazRvros, Tu ra kavSiri arsebobs mis mier gansaxilvel saqmesa da im saqmes Soris, romelic sxva sasamarTlos mier ganixileba, kerZod, gamomdinareoben Tu ara isini erTi da igive faqtobrivi safuZvlebidan da samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan. amasTan dakavSirebiT mxedvelobaSia misaRebi saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palatis samarTlebrivi pozicia, romelic man Camoayaliba erTerT Tavis ganCinebaSi. man dauSveblad CaTvala ssk 279e muxlis `d~ qvepunqtis safuZvelze saqmis warmoebis SeCereba, `radgan gansaxilveli saqmis davis sagans warmoadgens materialuri da moraluri zianis anazRaureba, romelic regulirdeba samoqalaqo kodeqsiT da araviTari kavSiri ar aris eleqtroenergiis tarifis Sesaxeb normatiuli aqtis antikonstituciurad cnobis konstituciur sarCelTan.~41 e) kanonis saqarTvelos konstituciasTan Sesabamisobis sakiTxis garkveva saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos kompetenciaa. amitom, Tu saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos eWvi epareba mis mier gamosayenebeli 41 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze. #2,2003,gv.259. 490 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari kanonis konstituciurobaSi, man unda SeaCeros saqme da mimarTos wardginebiT sakonstitucio sasamarTlos (me-6 muxlis me-2 nawili). muxli 280. sasamarTlos ufleba SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba sasamarTlos, mxareTa gancxadebiT an Tavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba, Tu: a) mxare imyofeba namdvil vadian samxedro samsaxurSi an gawveulia raime saxelmwifo movaleobis Sesasruleblad; b) mxare imyofeba xangrZliv samsaxurebriv mivlinebaSi; g) mxare imyofeba samkurnalo dawesebulebaSi an avad aris, ris gamoc saSualeba ara aqvs gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi, da es dasturdeba samedicino dawesebulebis cnobiT; d) gamocxadebulia mopasuxis Zebna kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi; e) sasamarTlom daniSna eqspertiza. _ am muxlSi CamoTvlili garemoebebis arsebobisas sasamarTlo araa valdebuli SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba. sxvanairad aq CamoTvlil garemoebebs saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis fakultatur safuZvlebs uwodeben. SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba, Tu gadados saqmis ganxilva, damokidebulia mosamarTlis mixedulebaze. magaliTad, sasamarTlom daniSna eqspertiza. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra sirTulis gamokvlevaa Casatarebeli, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gansazRvros vada da ki ar SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba, aramed gadados saqmis ganxilva. _ saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis arasavaldebulo safuZvlebs Soris gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs mxaris avadmyofoba. praqtikaSi arc ise iSviaTia SemT491 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali xveva, roca mxare namdvilad mZimedaa daavadebuli da arc Cans raime perspeqtiva misi axlo momavlSi gamojanmrTelebisa. arada mowinaaRmdege mxare saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebiT naxulobs did zarals. avadmyofi mxare ki araviTar ganzraxvas, miandos saqmis warmoeba advokats (warmomadgenels), ar amJRavnebs. Tu aseTi piri mosarCelea, mizanSewonili iqneba saqmis warmoebis SeCereba mis gamojanmrTelebamde, magram, Tu aseTi piri mopasuxea, sasamarTlom ssk-is 82-e muxlis analogiiT mas unda dauniSnos misive ojaxis romelime wevri saproceso warmomadgenlad, xolo Tu ojaxis wevrebs Soris aseTi piri ar arsebobs, maSin sxva nebismieri piri, romelic SeZlebs avadmyofi mopasuxis interesebis dacvas (ix. 82-e muxlis komentari). aseTi pirisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvna SeiZleba moxdes mas Semdeg, rodesac sasamarTlo SesTavazebs mas dauniSnos advokati saxelmwifos xarjze (Tu mas am xarjebis anazRaureba ar SeuZlia), xolo avadmyofi mopasuxe amis kategoriuli winaaRmdegia (ix. 47-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari). _ rac Seexeba am muxlis `d~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul mopasuxis Zebnis gamocxadebas, es gaTvaliswinebulia 3566-e muxliT reketuli an qurduli samyaros wevris qonebis CamorTmevis Taobaze aRZruli sarCelebis ganxilvisas (ix. am uxlis komentari). ~saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 30-e muxli iTvaliswinebs policiis meSveobiT movalis Zebnis gamocxadebis SesaZleblobas garkveuli kategoriis saqmeebze gamotanili da kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebis mizniT. _ am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis vadebs gansazRvravs ssk-is 281-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti. 492 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 281. saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis vadebi saqmis warmoeba SeCerdeba: a) 279-e muxlis `a~ da `b~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi _ saqmidan gasuli piris uflebamonacvlis dadgenamde an qmeduunaro pirisaTvis warmomadgenlis daniSvnamde; b) 279-e muxlis `g~ qvepunqtiT da 280e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi _ SeiaraRebuli Zalebis SemadgenlobaSi mxaris yofnamde, mis mier saxelmwifo movaleobis Sesrulebamde, samsaxurebrivi mivlinebidan dabrunebamde, samkurnalo dawesebulebidan gamoweramde an gamojanmrTelebamde, mopasuxis moZebnamde an eqspertizis damTavrebamde; g) 279-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi _ sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis, ganaCenis, ganCinebis, dadgenilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde an administraciuli wesiT ganxilul saqmeze gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde; d) 279-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi _ sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis miRebamde. a) uflebamonacvleoba materialur-samarTlebriv urTierTobebSi anu sadavo uflebis gadasvla erTi piridan meoreze (magaliTad, memkvidreobis gaxsnis dros) aris saproceso uflebamonacvleobis safuZveli, magram ara misi savaldebulo Sedegi. es imas niSnavs, rom uflebamonacvlis mier misi winamorbedis adgilis dakaveba samoqalaqo procesSi damokidebulia TviT uflebamonacvlis nebaze: daikavos, Tu ara saqmidan gasuli mosarCelis adgili procesSi 493 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali _ es mTlianad damokidebulia am gasuli mosarCelis uflebamonacvlis neba-survilze. am mxriv gansxvavebuli mdgomareoba uWiravs mopasuxis uflebamonacvles, romelic unda Caebas procesSi, Tu amas mosarCele an misi uflebamonacvle moiTxovs. Tu mopasuxis uflebamonacvle, romelsac gaegzavna Setyobineba da gafrTxilebuli iyo gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb, ar gamocxaddeba mTavar sxdomaze, mis mimarT gamotanili iqneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba (92-e muxli). _ Tu mxarem dakarga qmedunarianoba (279-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti), e. i. aRiarebuli iqna kanoniT dadgenili wesiT qmeduunarod, mas eniSneba meurve (326-e muxli), romelsac eniWeba warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosileba sasamarTloSi (101-e muxli). _ uflebamonacvleebma sasamarTlos unda warudginon uflebamonacvleobis damadasturebeli sabuTebi, magaliTad, mowmoba memkvidreobis uflebis Sesaxeb, moTxovnis an uflebis daTmobis xelwerili, vadis gadakisrebis xelSekruleba, iuridiuli piris reorganizaciis masalebi da a. S. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom uflebamonacvle ar iyos dainteresebuli saqmis ganaxlebiT da, amitom, arc acnobos sasamarTlos amis Sesaxeb. maSin es SeuZlia gaakeTos mowinaaRmdege mxarem, romelic dainteresebulia saqmis ganaxlebiT (ix. 92-e muxlis me-3 nawilis komentari). b) demobilizaciis Sesaxeb aqtebis safuZvelze dadgindeba SeiaraRebuli Zalebidan dabrunebis faqti, saxelmwifo movaleobis Sesrulebis, mivlinebidan dabrunebis, samkurnalo dawesebulebidan gamoweris, eqspertizis damTavrebis Sesaxeb faqtebi dadasturdeba Sesabamisi dokumentebiT. g) sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis, ganaCenis, ganCinebis ZalaSi Sesvla wesrigdeba samoqalaqo saproceso da sisxlis saproceso kodeqsebiT. saqmis ganaxleba ar SeiZleba am aqtebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde. d) sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ka494 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari nonier ZalaSi Sedis dauyovnebliv. sasamarTlo ganaaxlebs saqmes, rogorc ki sakonstitucio sasamarTlo miiRebs Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas, romelic unda gadmoegzavnos samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos (me-16 muxli). _ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Semdeg saqmis ganxilva xdeba saerTo wesiT (283-e muxli). muxli 282. sasamarTlo ganCinebis gasaCivreba saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, garda am kodeqsis 280-e muxlis „„e“„ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevisa. _ damoukideblad imisa, Tu visi iniciativiT xdeba saqmis warmoebis SeCereba (mxareTa TxovniT, Tu sasamarTlos iniciativiT), ganCineba SeCerebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba gaasaCivros mxarem kerZo saCivriT (414-420-e muxlebi) garda ganCinebisa eqspertizis daniSvnis gamo saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb. _ ganCinebaze saqmis warmoebis SeCerebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba. muxli 283. saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba saqmis warmoeba ganaxldeba im garemoebaTa acilebis Semdeg, romlebmac gamoiwvia warmoebis SeCereba. warmoebis ganaxlebis Semdeg saqmis ganxilva xdeba saerTo wesiT. _ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos 495 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dRe. mxareebs unda ecnoboT saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, saqmis ganxilvis dRisa da im Sedegebis Sesaxeb, romelic SeiZleba moyves mis gamoucxadeblobas (72-e muxli). _ saqmis ganxilva gagrZeldeba im etapidan, romel etapzec igi SeCerda. _ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba. 496 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari T a v i XXXI sasamarTlo ganGineba muxli 284. ganCinebis gamotana 1. sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac saqme arsebiTad ar wydeba, miiReba ganCinebis formiT. 2. sasamarTlo ganCinebas, romelic miRebulia erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier, xels awers es mosamarTle, xolo Tu igi miRebulia kolegiuri sasamarTlos mier _ yvela mosamarTle. 3. Tu ganCineba miRebulia saTaTbiro oTaxSi gausvlelad, is Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi. 4. ganCineba, romelsac sasamarTlo iRebs adgilze TaTbiriT, unda gamocxaddes miRebisTanave. Tavmjdomare an mosamarTle, romelmac gamoacxada ganCineba, ganmartavs am ganCinebis Sinaarss, misi gasaCivrebis wessa da vadas, rac aisaxeba sxdomis oqmSi. 5. Tavmjdomare an mosamarTle saTabiro oTaxSi miRebuli ganCinebis sarezolucio nawils acxadebs TaTbiris Semdeg. Tavmjdomare an mosamarTle, romelmac gamoacxada ganCineba, ganmartavs am ganCinebis Sinaarss, misi gasaCivrebis wessa da vadas. 6. ganCinebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebis 14 dRis vadaSi sasamarTlo amzadebs dasabuTebul ganCinebas mxareTaTvis gadasacemad. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili da am kodeqsis 243-e muxlis pirveli nawili naTlad da garkveviT ganasxvaveben sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebisa da sasamarTlo gan497 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali Cinebis gamoyenebis sferoebs: saqmis arsebiTad gadawyvetis dros sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba, xolo saqmis ganxilvis dros wamoWrili calkeuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas gamoaqvs ganCineba. 2. raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebSi, sadac saqme ganixileba erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier, yvela ganCinebas xels awers es mosamarTle (magistrati mosamarTle). sasamarTlo sistemis yvela sxva rgolSi saqme ganixileba kolegiurad, amitom, Tu ganCineba gamoaqvs sasamarTlos kolegiur Semadgenlobas, mas xels awers am Semadgenlobis yvela mosamarTle, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli ama Tu im sakiTxis gadawyveta an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba daevalos kolegiuri sasamarTlos romelime mosamarTles, magaliTad, sarCelis miReba warmoebaSi (187-e muxli) saqmis momzadeba (me200 muxli) da sxva. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tu ganCineba gamoaqvs kolegiuri sasamarTlos mosamarTles, maSin am ganCinebas xels awers es mosamarTle. 2.nebismieri ganCineba SeiZleba miRebuli iqnes rogorc calke saproceso dokumenti, ise oqmSi SetaniT. saTaTbiro oTaxSi oqmis Sedgena ar xdeba, amitom, Tu sasamarTlo gavida saTaTbiro oTaxSi ganCinebis gamosatanad, maSin aseTi ganCineba mxolod calke saproceso dokumentis saxiT unda gamovides. ganCinebis gamosatanad saTaTbiro oTaxSi SeiZleba gavides saqmis erTpirovnulad ganmxilveli mosamarTlec, magram ara imitom, rom vinmes moeTaTbiros, aramed Tu mis winaSe mxaris mier dasmuli sakiTxis gadawyveta moiTxovs saqmis faqtobriv da samarTlebriv analizs. - sasamarTlo oqmSi Setanili ganCineba unda pasuxobdes kanonis moTxovnebs (285-e muxli). mxares SeuZlia moiTxovos am oqmidan ganCinebis amonabeWdi, Seitanos am saoqmo ganCinebaze kerZo saCivari, Tu kanoniT aseTi saCivari dasaSvebia. 498 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari - mizanSewonilad (arasavaldebulod) unda CaiTvalos yvela iseTi ganCinebis calke saproceso dokumentis saxiT Camoyalibeba, romlebzec dasaSvebia kerZo saCivris Setana. 4. am muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs saTaTbiro oTaxSi gausvlelad (adgilze TaTbiriT) miRebuli ganCinebis gamocxadebis wess: a) aseTi ganCineba unda gamocxaddes miRebisTanave; b) mosamarTlem, unda ganmartos am ganCinebis Sinaarsi, misi gasaCivrebis wesi da vada. 5. am muxlis me-5 nawili gansazRvravs saTaTbiro oTaxSi miRebuli ganCinebis gamocxadebis wess: a) mosamarTle acxadebs am wesiT miRebulil ganCinebis sarezolucio nawils. es ise ar unda gavigoT, rom Tu saTaTbiro oTaxSi miRebulia motivirebuli ganCineba, sasamarTlom mainc am ganCinebis sarezolucio nawili unda gamoacxados. ra Tqma unda ara! sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoacxados mTlianad motivirebuli ganCineba, Tu man SeZlo misi Camoyalibeba saTaTbiro oTaxSi. yvela SemTxvevaSi, acxadebs mosamarTle ganCinebis sarezolucio nawils, Tu mTlianad motivirebul ganCinebas, man unda ganmartos gamocxadebuli ganCinebis Tu misi sarezolucio nawilis Sinaarsi da gasaCivrebis wesi da vada, romelic yovelTvis iwyeba motivirebulil ganCinebis mxareTaTvis gadacemis momentidan, Tu is ar yofila gamocxadebuli sasamarTlo sxdomaze, romelsac eswrebodnen gasaCivrebis uflebis mqone pirebi. (ix. 416-e muxlis komentari). 5. Tu sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ara motivirebuli, aramed ganCinebis sarezolucio nawili, maSin man unda Seadginos dasabuTebuli ganCineba 14 dRis vadaSi misi sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebidan. 499 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 285. ganCinebis Sinaarsi ganCinebaSi unda aRiniSnos: a) ganCinebis miRebis dro da adgili; b) ganCinebis mimRebi sasamarTlos dasaxeleba, Semadgenloba da sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani; g) mxareebi da davis sagani; d) sakiTxi, romelzedac miRebul unda iqnes ganCineba; e) motivebi, romlebiTac sasamarTlo mivida Tavis daskvnamde, da kanonebi, romlebiTac sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobda; v) sasamarTlos dadgenileba; z) ganCinebis gasaCivrebis wesi da vada. . _ im Cveulebriv da cnobil rekvizitebs Soris, romlebic unda aisaxos ganCinebaSi, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs im sakiTxis naTlad da garkveviT Camoyalibeba, romelzec an romlis Sesaxebac miRebulia ganCineba (ganCinebis sagani), agreTve am ganCinebis faqtobrivi da iuridiuli motivireba, anu miTiTeba faqtebze da kanonebze, romlebiTac xelmZRvanelobda ganCinebis gamomtani sasamarTlo. _ ganCinebis samarTlebrivi dasabuTebis dros sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis normebiT, magram Tu es saWiroa, materialursamarTlebrivi normebiTac. magaliTad, Tu materialuri samarTali ar uSvebs uflebamonacvleobas, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas ara saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis, aramed saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (272-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqti). aseT SemTxvevaSi ganCinebaSi unda mieTiTos materialur samarTlebriv normazec. _ gadawyvetilebis analogiurad sasamarTlos, mxareTa TxovniT SeuZlia ganmartos Tavisi ganCineba, Tu igi amas saWiroebs (ix. 262-e muxlis komentari). 500 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari - ganCinebaSi gasaCivrebis wesisa da vadis Sesaxeb miTiTeba savaldebuloa, miT umetes rom es wesebi da vadebi araa erTgvarovani. muxli 286. ganCinebis aslebis gadagzavna mxareebisaTvis mxareebs, romlebic ar eswrebian ganCinebis gamocxadebas, egzavnebaT ganCinebis aslebi saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis, sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebisa Tu saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb misi gamotanidan ara ugvianes 5 dRisa. _ es muxli gansazRvravs mxolod aq CamoTvlili ganCinebebis im mxarisaTvis gagzavnis vadas, romlis gamocxadebas ar eswreboda mxare. magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom sasamarTlos sxva ganCinebebi ar unda gadaegzavnos mxares (mxareebs), romelic ar eswreboda mis gamocxadebas. yvela ganCineba, romelzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris an saCivris (197-e muxli) Setana, aucileblad unda gadaegzavnos im mxares, romelic ar eswreboda aseTi ganCinebis gamocxadebas. mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is, rom ssk-is 416-e da 197-e muxlebis Tanaxmad, kerZo saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba ganCinebis gadacemis momentidan, roca mis gamocxadebas ar eswreboda mxare (ix. am muxlis komentari). ganCinebis gadacemis momentad iTvleba misi aslis mxarisaTvis Cabareba uSualod sasamarTloSi, an misi mxarisaTvis gadagzavna ssk-is 70-78-e muxlebis Sesabamisad, Tu saqmeSi arsebobs cnoba, rom ganCineba Cabarda adresats (369-e muxli). 501 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XXXII sasamarTlo oqmi muxli 287. oqmis Sedgenis savaldebulooba sasamarTlos TiToeuli sxdomis Sesaxeb, agreTve sxdomis gareSe Sesrulebuli TiToeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesaxeb, romelSic monawileoben mxareebi, maTi warmomadgenlebi, mowmeebi, eqspertebi, specialistebi, oqmis Sedgena savaldebuloa. _ es muxli Seicavs oqmis Sedgenis savaldebulobis zogad, magram sakmaod naTel kriteriumebs. oqmis Sedgena yovelTvis savaldebuloa: 1) Tu mimdinareobs sasamarTlo sxdoma (mosamzadebeli Tu mTavari sxdoma) da 2) Tu saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebaSi monawileoben mxareebi, maTi warmomadgenlebi, mowmeebi, specialistebi da a. S. _ magaliTad, Tu sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelisa da masze darTuli dokumentebis aslebis mopasuxisaTvis gadagzavnis Sesaxeb (201-e muxli), an kidev, mosamzadebeli sxdomis, Tu mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (207-e muxli), oqmis Sedgena saWiro araa, radgan am da sxva amgvari ganCinebebis miReba xdeba mxareTa da maT warmomadgenelTa monawileobis gareSe. magram Tu sasamarTlo ixilavs sakiTxs sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb (125-e muxli) da a. S. maSin unda Sedges oqmi. _ zogjer kanoni iTvaliswinebs ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas mxareTa aucilebeli SetyobinebiT, Tumca maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs aseTi moqmedebis Sesrulebas (115-e muxli). zogjer kanoni gansazRvravs sasamarTlos mier ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas mxareTa aucilebe502 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari li SetyobinebiT, magram uSvebs gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi am moqmedebis Sesrulebas mxareTa Setyobinebis gareSec (113-e muxli). aris Tu ara saWiro oqmis Sedgena, roca saproceso moqmedeba sruldeba mxareTa SetyobinebebiT, magram maTi monawileobis gareSe, vinaidan ar gamocxaddnen, an gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi maTi Setyobinebis gareSe? diax, oqmi mainc unda Sedges, Tu igi gvevlineba rogorc mtkicebuleba imis dasadastureblad, Tu ra moqmedeba Seasrula sasamarTlom da ra Sedegebi iqna miRebuli am moqmedebis Sesrulebis Sedegad. sxva SemTxvevaSi oqmis Sedgena saWiro araa. magaliTad, Tu eqspertizis daniSvnis sakiTxs sasamarTlo wyvets mxareTa Setyobinebisa da monawileobis gareSe, maSin oqmi saWiro araa (203-e muxlis `T~ qvepunqti), magram, Tu am sakiTxis gadawyveta warmoebs mxareTa monawileobiT (163-e muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawili), maSin unda Sedges oqmi. muxli 288. oqmis Sinaarsi oqmi unda asaxavdes saqmis ganxilvis an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis yvela arsebiT moments, kerZod, sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi unda aRiniSnos: a) sasamarTlo sxdomis weli, Tve, ricxvi da adgili; b) sasamarTlo sxdomis dawyebisa da damTavrebis dro; g) saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos dasaxeleba, Semadgenloba da sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani; d) saqmis dasaxeleba; e) cnobebi warmomadgenelTa, mowmeTa, eqspertTa da TarjimanTa gamocxadebis Sesaxeb; v) cnobebi mxareebisa da warmomadgenlebisaTvis maTi saproceso uflebebisa da 503 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali movaleobebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb; z) sasamarTlos gankargulebani da saTaTbiro oTaxSi gausvlelad miRebuli ganCinebani; T) mxareTa da maT warmomadgenelTa axsna-ganmartebani; i) mowmeTa Cvenebebi, eqspertebis mier TavianTi daskvnebis ganmartebebi, nivTier da werilobiT mtkicebulebaTa daTvalierebis monacemebi; k) sasamarTlo paeqrobis Sinaarsi; l) cnobebi gadawyvetilebebisa da ganCinebis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb; m) cnobebi gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsis, misi gasaCivrebis wesisa da vadis ganmartebis Sesaxeb. _ oqmi erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi saproceso dokumentia, romelsac aqvs mravalmxrivi mtkicebulebiTi da informaciuli mniSvneloba. aRsaniSnavia, rom sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmis uqonloba _ gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis udavo safuZvelia (385-e da 394-e muxlis `T~ qvepunqti). aqedan gamomdinare, oqms waeyeneba garkveuli moTxovnebi, romelTa dacviT igi unda iqnes Sedgenili. _ es muxli gansazRvravs oqmis savaldebulo rekvizitebs, im sainformacio monacemebs, romlebsac unda Seicavdes oqmi, amasTan erTad, es muxli Seicavs erT metad mniSvnelovan daTqmas: oqmi unda asaxavdes saqmis ganxilvis an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis mxolod `arsebiT momentebs~. _ oqmis Sinaarsi ar amoiwureba am muxlSi miTiTebuli rekvizitebis asaxviT. oqmSi SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes sxva sainformacio monacemebis Setanac, rogoricaa mxareTa da saqmis ganxilvaSi monawile sxva pirTa iseTi moqmedeba, rogoricaa sarCelze uaris Tqma, sarCelis cnoba, saqmis morigebiT damTavreba, mxaris mi- 504 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari er saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone ama Tu im garemoebis (faqtis) aRiareba da sxva. _ amasTan erTad, araa mizanSewonili oqmSi iseTi monacemebis Setana, romlebsac ar aqvT raime mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis an isedac cnobilia saqmeSi monawile yvela pirisaTvis. muxli 289. oqmis Sedgenisa da gaformebis wesi 1. oqms adgens mdivani TviT sasamarTlo sxdomaze an sxdomis gareSe calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros. 2. mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs ufleba aqvT iSuamdgomlon oqmSi im garemoebaTa Setanis Sesaxeb, romlebsac maTi azriT, saqmisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvT. 3. oqmi momzadebuli da xelmoweril unda iqnes ara ugvianes 3 dRisa sxdomis damTavrebis an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis Semdeg. 4. oqms xels aweren mosamarTle da mdivani, xolo Tu saqmes kolegiuri sasamarTlo ixilavda, _ am sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare da mdivani. 5. oqmSi Setanil yvela cvlilebas, Sesworebasa da damatebas ukeTdeba SeniSvna da mowmdeba oqmze xelis momwer pirTa mier. 1. oqmis Sedgenis movaleoba ekisreba sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivans, romelmac es oqmi unda Seadginos samarTalwarmoebis enaze. oqmi SeiZleba daiweros xeliT, daibeWdos an oqmis SedgenisaTvis gamoyenebuli iqnes magnitofoni an kompiuteri (290-e muxli). 2. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebani, mowmeTa Cvenebebi, eqspertis Cveneba, maTi Suamdgomlobebi da gancxadebebi unda Caiweros pirveli piris saxiT. jer unda Caiwe505 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ros SekiTxvis mimcemi piri, misi SekiTxva da Semdeg SekiTxvaze pasuxis gamcemi piri da misi pasuxi. mosamarTlis an sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris gankargulebebi aisaxeba oqmSi sasamarTlos saxeliT, magram mesame piris saxiT. saTaTbiro oTaxSi gausvlelad miRebul ganCinebis teqsts, romelic oqmSi Seitaneba, kiTxulobs mosamarTle an kolegiis Tavmjdomare, roca saqmes kolegiuri sasamarTlo ixilavs. _ Tu mxare Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe ama Tu im garemoebis oqmSi Setanis Sesaxeb, oqmSi unda aisaxos es. oqmSi unda aisaxos isic, daakmayofila Tu ara es Suamdgomloba sasamarTlom. Tu mxaris Suamdgomloba werilobiT iyo warmodgenili _ igi aisaxeba oqmSi da daerTvis saqmes. 3. oqmi erT-erTi ZiriTadi saproceso dokumentia, romlis meSveobiT SeiZleba imis gageba, rogori Cveneba misces mowmeebma, eqspertebma, ra axali faqtebi da garemoebebi daayenes mxareebma da mesame pirebma, ra mosazrebebi wamoayenes warmomadgenlebma da rogoria maTi pozicia, ra faqtobriv da samarTlebriv safuZvlebs efuZneba maTi mosazreba saqmis arsis Sesaxeb da a. S. _ oqmis aseTi mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, misi srulyofilad SedgenisaTvis gansazRvrulia maqsimum sami dRe. am vadis aTvla iwyeba im dRidan, roca damTavrda sxdoma, an esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba. 4. sanam xels moawerdes mosamarTle, jer yuradRebiT unda gaecnos oqms da Tu saWirod CaTvlis, miuTiTos mdivans, Seitanos masSi saWiro da aucilebeli dazustebebi da damatebebi. mosamarTlem ar unda moaweros xeli daudevrad Sedgenil oqms. _ oqmi momzadebulad iTvleba mxolod misi xelmoweris Semdeg, e. i. mas Semdeg, roca xels moawers mosamarTle da mdivani. aseTi xelmoweris gareSe oqmi ar iTvleba saproceso dokumentad da mas ukavSirdeba iseTive Sedegi, rogorc saqmeSi sasamarTlo oqmis ararsebobas (385-e da 394-e muxlebi), e. i. iTvleba, rom saqmes ar erTvis sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmi. 506 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 5. oqmSi SeiZleba Setanili iqnes Sesworeba da damateba, magram aseT Sesworeba-damatebas, Tu cvlilebas unda gaukeTdes SeniSvna: `Sesworebas endeT~, `Camatebas endeT~ da a. S. Sesworeba unda iyos xelmowerili. muxli 290. magnitur firze Cawerili oqmi sasamarTlos SeuZlia oqmis SedgenisaTvis gamoiyenos magnitofoni an kompiuteri, romelTa Canawerebic oqms Tan erTvis. sasamarTlo sxdomis an calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis Semdeg magnitofonisa Tu kompiuteris Canawerebi gadatanil unda iqnes oqmSi. oqmis SedgenisaTvis magnitofonis an kompiuteris gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba uaRresad mniSvnelovani siaxlea, romelsac didi mniSvneloba aqvs oqmis sisrulisaTvis, misi srulyofilad SedgenisaTvis. _ ssk 289-e muxlis me-3 nawilis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom oqmi momzadebuli iqnes araugvianes sami dRisa calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis, Tu sasamarTlo sxdomis damTavrebis dRidan _ unda gavrceldes am muxlis moTxovnazec imis Sesaxeb, rom magnitofonis Tu kompiuteris Canaweri gadatanili iqnes oqmSi araugvianes sami dRisa sxdomis damTavrebis Tu saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis dRidan. magnitofonis Tu kompiuteris Canaweri TviTon ar warmoadgens oqms. isini mxolod SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes oqmis SedgenisaTvis, xolo maTi Canawerebi, romlebic gadatanilia oqmSi, Tan unda daerTos saqmes. muxli 291. SeniSvnebi sxdomis oqmTan dakavSirebiT sxdomis oqmze xelmoweridan 3 dRis va507 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali daSi mxareebsa da maT warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT waradginon TavianTi SeniSvnebi oqmTan dakavSirebiT, miuTiTon mis usworobasa da usrulobaze. SeniSvnebi unda daerTos saqmes. SeniSvnebs saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTle (sasamarTlo) ganixilavs maTi Setanidan 5 dRis vadaSi da gamoaqvs ganCineba SeniSvnebis Sesaxeb. oqmi Sedgenilad iTvleba mxolod mas Semdeg, roca mas xels moawers mosamarTle da mdivani. aqedan gamomdinare, mxareebs SeuZliaT gaecnon oqms mxolod mosamarTlisa da mdivnis mier am oqmze xelmoweris Semdeg, e.i. mas Semdeg, roca oqmi iTvleba Sedgenilad. _ mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT gaecnon saqmis masalebs da maT Soris oqms, saqmis warmoebis nebismier etapze, magram SeniSvnebi oqmis mimarT SeiZleba gakeTdes masze xelis moweridan sami dRis ganmavlobaSi. cxadia, es vada SeiZleba aRadginos sasamarTlom am kodeqsis 65-66-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari). _ SeniSvnebis miReba-armiRebis sakiTxs gadawyvets ara sxdomis mdivani, aramed mosamarTle, romelic xels awers oqms. SeniSvnebis miReba - armiRebis Sesaxeb mosamarTles gamoaqvs ganCineba. Tu igi ar iziarebs SeniSvnebs, man unda daasabuTos es, magram, Tu igi iziarebs am SeniSvnebs an maT nawils, ganCinebaSi unda miuTiTos romel SeniSvnebs an maT nawils iziarebs. SeniSvnebi yvela SemTxvevaSi unda iyos warmodgenili werilobiTi formiT. damoukideblad imisa, gaiziara es SeniSvnebi mosamarTlem Tu ara, isini yovelTvis daerTvis saqmes. _ sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeniSvnebis uaryofis Sesaxeb kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba. 508 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari kari mexuTe gamartivebuli warmoeba T a v i XXXIII Tamasuqisa da Gekis Taobaze aRZruli sarGelebis ganxilva muxli 292. dasaSveboba Tu Tamasuqis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad aRZruli iqneba Tamasuqidan gamomdinare pretenziebi da sarCelSi miTiTebuli iqneba, rom saqmis ganxilva moxdes gamartivebuli wesiT, gamoyenebul unda iqnes am TavSi gaTvaliswinebuli wesebi. _ saqarTvelos kanoni `Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~, romelic miRebulia 1995 wlis 19 aprils, sxva sakiTxebTan erTad awesrigebs Tamasuqis gaunaRdeblobis SemTxvevaSi sarCelis wardgenis SesaZleblobas.42 Tamasuqi am kanonis mixedviT _ esaa fasiani qaRaldi, dokumenti, romliTac misi gamcemi piri kisrulobs upirobo valdebulebas gadaixados TamasuqSi naCvenebi Tanxa piradad an sxva pirs avalebs mis gadaxdas. _ `Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 37-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tamasuqis mflobels SeuZlia warudginos sarCeli indosants, Tamasuqis gamcems da sxva valdebul pirebs gadaxdis vadis dadgomisas, gadauxdelobisas, gadaxdis vadis dadgomamdec, oRond im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac movalis gadaxdisunarianoba saeWvoa, an rodesac saeWvoa im Tamasuqis gamcemis gadaxdisunarianoba, romelic aqceptebas ar eqvemdebareba. 42 saqarTvelos normatiuli aqtebis krebuli, wigni I I I, iuridiuli da sagamomcemlo kompania norma Sps,Tbilisi,1996, gv.202. 509 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali aRniSnuli garemoebebi ar warmoadgens sarCelis aRZvris an sarCelis miRebis winapirobebs. sarCeli miRebuli unda iqnes warmoebaSi samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT (185-e da 186-e muxlebi), im damatebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac am TaviTaa gaTvaliswinebuli. `Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 37-e muxlSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi warmoadgenen Tamasuqidan warmoSobili moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis safuZvels. _ Tamasuqidan gamomdinare sarCeli SeiZleba ganxiluli iqnes gamartivebuli wesiT, Tu amave sarCelSi iqneba miTiTebuli, rom misi ganxilva moxdes gamartivebuli wesiT, e.i. mosarCele moiTxovs amas (297-e muxli). muxli 293. Tamasuqis wardgena sarCels Tan unda daerTos Tamasuqis asli. saqmis sasamarTlo sxdomaze zepiri ganxilvis dros mosarCelem Tamasuqi dednis saxiT unda warmoadginos. _ Tamasuqidan gamomdinare sarCelze am Tamasuqis aslis darTva warmoadgens sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis erT-erT winapirobas. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu aseTi asli ar erTvis sarCels, sasamarTlo ver miiRebs mas warmoebaSi, magram dauniSnavs mosarCeles vadas xarvezis Sesavsebad da Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, datovebs mas umoZraod (185-e muxli). _ Tamasuqis aslis sarCelTan erTad wardgena ar aTavisuflebs mosarCeles movaleobisagan warmoudginos sasamarTlos saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvisas Tamasuqis dedani. _ dedani sabuTis warmoudgenlobas SeiZleba mohyves sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqma (135-e muxli). Tamasuqis aslebis da Tamasuqis dednis miRebis sakiTxebs awesrigebs `Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-60-61-e muxlebi. 510 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 294. gansjadoba 1. sarCelebi Tamasuqis Taobaze SeiZleba aRiZras rogorc im sasamarTloSi, romlis teritoriazedac unda moxdes gadaxda, ise sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. 2. Tu sarCeli mimarTulia erToblivad ramdenime Tamasuqvaldebulis mimarT, maSin sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras rogorc im sasamarTloSi, romlis teritoriazedac unda moxdes gadaxda, ise nebismier sasamarTloSi erT-erTi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. 1. es muxli gansazRvravs alternatiuli gansjadobis wesebs, romlis Tanaxmad, Tamasuqidan gamomdinare sarCelebi SeiZleba aRiZras gansjadobis saerTo wesis mixedviT, rogorc mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis, ise Tamasuqis gadaxdis adgilis mixedviT sasamarTloSi. arCevani SeuZlia gaakeTos mosarCelem. 2. aseve, Tu ramdenime Tamasuqvaldebulia, sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras erT-erTi Tamasuqvaldebulis sacxovrebeli adgilis an gadaxdis adgilis mixedviT sasamarTloSi. muxli 295. vada uwyebis Cabarebidan sasamarTlo sxdomamde mxareebs uwyeba unda CabardeT sasamarTlos sxdomis dawyebamde aranakleb 24 saaTiT adre, Tu es uwyeba bardeba sasamarTlos adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. Tuki uwyeba bardeba sxva adgilze, maSin es vada ganisazRvreba minimum 3 dRiT. 511 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali _ uwyebis Cabarebis vadebi ganpirobebulia saqmis gamartivebuli warmoebiT, rac imaSi vlindeba, rom am wesiT saqmis ganxilvisas ar xdeba saqmis winaswari momzadeba (mxareTa werilobiTi Sejibreba), amitom, uwyebis Cabarebis vada ganisazRvreba mxareTa sasamarTloSi gamocxadebis uzrunvelyofis interesebiT, imiT, rom maT SeZlon Tavisuflad moaswron sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gamocxadeba. muxli 296. mtkicebulebebi 1. mtkicebulebebad daiSveba mxolod dokumentebi (werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi) da mxareTa axsna-ganmartebebi. 2. dokumenturi dadastureba SesaZlebelia mxolod Sesabamisi dokumentebis wardgeniT. _ mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis zogadi principi Camoyalibebulia ssk 102-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi, romlis Tanaxmad saqmis garemoebani, romlebic kanonis Tanaxmad, unda dadasturdes garkveuli saxis mtkicebulebebiT, ar SeiZleba dadasturdes sxva saxis mtkicebulebebiT. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili warmoadgens mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis zogadi principis konkretul gamovlinebas, romlis Tanaxmad, garemoebebi, romlebsac emyareba Tamasuqidan gamomdinare sasarCelo moTxovnebi, SeiZleba damtkicdes da dadasturdes mxolod werilobiTi mtkicebulebebiT da mxareTa axsna-ganmartebiT. 2. am muxlis meore nawilSi miTiTebul Sesabamis dokumentSi igulisxmeba dokumenti, romliTac kanonis moTxovnaTa mixedviT, SeiZleba dadasturdes esa Tu is faqti (garemoeba). magaliTad, Tu dasadgenia Tamasuqis gadaxdaze uari, aseTi uari SeiZleba dadasturdes `oficialuri oqmiT~ (aqceptebs an gadaxdaze ua512 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ris protestiT) (~Tamasuqis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 38-e muxli). muxli 297. gamartivebuli wesiT saqmis ganxilvaze uaris Tqma mosarCeles SeuZlia mopasuxis Tanxmobis gareSe uari Tqvas am TavSi Camoyalibebuli wesebis mixedviT saqmis ganxilvaze am saqmis ganxilvis damTavrebamde. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqme ganixileba saerTo wesiT. _ gadawyvetilebas Tamasuqis (Cekis) Taobaze aRZruli sarCelis gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb iRebs uSualod mosarCele. amisaTvis mas ar sWirdeba arc mopasuxis da arc mosamarTlis Tanxmoba. mTavaria mxolod is, rom man daicvas am wesiT sarCelis aRZvrisa da misi warmoebis kanoniT dadgenili wesebi. _ mosarCeles aseve SeuZlia uSualod da calmxrivad uari Tqvas gamartivebuli wesiT sarCelis ganxilvaze am saqmis ganxilvis damTavrebamde, e. i. gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, ufro zustad, gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad sasamarTlos saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlamde. _ Tu mosarCelem uari Tqva gamartivebuli wesiT saqmis ganxilvaze, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba gamartivebuli wesiT saqmis ganxilvis Sewyvetisa da am saqmis saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb. _ aseTi ganCinebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda moamzados saqmis ganxilva ssk me-200-207-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT, xolo momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg daniSnos sasamarTlos mTavari sxdoma. muxli 298. sarCelebis SeerTebisa da Segebebuli sarCelebis aRZvris dauSvebloba ar SeiZleba Tamasuqis Taobaze aRZruli 513 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali sarCelebis SeerTeba sxva pretenziebis gamo aRZrul sarCelebTan. dauSvebelia agreTve Segebebuli sarCelebis aRZvra. _ sarCelebis Tu sxva iseTi moTxovnebis gaerTianeba, romlebic araa dakavSirebuli TamasuqTan, rasac iTvaliswinebs da uSvebs ssk 182-e muxli, agreTve Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra, rasac iTvaliswinebs 188-e muxli, Tamasuqis saqmeebis gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilvisas _ dauSvebelia. muxli 299. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis daTqma 1. mopasuxes, romelic uaryofs mis winaaRmdeg wamoyenebul moTxovnas, yvela SemTxvevaSi mas Semdeg, rac gadawyvetileba gamotanili iqneba, SeuZlia moiTxovos saqmis damatebiTi warmoeba Tavisi uflebebis ganxorcielebis mizniT. 2. gadawyvetileba mopasuxis uflebebis SenarCunebiT saboloo gadawyvetilebad iTvleba gasaCivrebisa da iZulebiTi aRsrulebis TvalsazrisiT. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili uflebas aZlevs mopasuxes moiTxovos saqmis damatebiTi warmoeba, Tu Tvlis, rom misi uflebebi Seilaxa an ver ganxorcielda saqmis gamartivebuli warmoebis gamo. aseTi moTxovna mopasuxes SeuZlia wamoayenos Tavisi werilobiTi SesagebliT (protestiT), romelic warmoadgens saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis safuZvels. _ saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba. 2. mopasuxis werilobiTi Sesagebeli (protesti) imis moTxovniT, rom Catardes saqmeze damatebiTi warmoe514 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ba, ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas da aRsrulebas. _ Tu mopasuxem moiTxova ara damatebiTi warmoeba, aramed Semoitana saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivari, maSin gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla da aRsruleba warmoebs ise, rogorc nebismieri sxva gadawyvetilebisa (264-e muxli). muxli 300. saqmis damatebiTi warmoeba 1. Tu mopasuxes SenarCunebuli aqvs Tavisi uflebis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba, dava rCeba sasamarTlo warmoebis sferoSi. 2. Tu saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis dros gamovlindeba, rom mosarCelis moTxovna usafuZvlo iyo, gadawyvetileba, romelic miRebulia am TavSi gaTvaliswinebuli wesebis dacviT, uqmdeba; mosarCeles uari unda eTqvas Tavisi moTxovnis dakmayofilebaze da sasamarTlo xarjebic Sesabamisad unda ganawildes. mosarCeles evaleba im zaralis anazRaureba, romelic miadga mopasuxes gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis an aseTi aRsrulebisaTvis xelisSemSleli qmedebis Sedegad. mopasuxes SeuZlia wamoayenos zaralis anazRaurebis moTxovna davis sasamarTlo ganxilvis procesSi. 1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlo akmayofilebs mopasuxis Txovnas saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis Sesaxeb, maSin sasamarTlom unda moamzados saqme da Caataros aseTi damatebiTi saproceso moqmedebebi. 2. damatebiTi warmoebis dros SeiZleba gamoirkves, rom saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilvis Sedegad miRebuli da mopasuxis mier gaprotestebuli gadawyve515 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali tileba arsebiTad sworia. maSin sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Sesaxeb. _ damatebiTi warmoebis dros SeiZleba gamoirkves agreTve, rom gadawyvetileba arasworia, radgan am gadawyvetilebiT dakmayofilda mosarCelis usafuZvlo moTxovna, maSin saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT miRebul gadawyvetilebas auqmebs misi gamomtani sasamarTlo da Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT uars eubneba mosarCeles misi moTxovnis dakmayofilebaze. _ aseTi gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas ukavSirdeba Semdegi Sedegebi: a) sasamarTlo xarjebi daekisreba mosarCeles (53-e muxlis pirveli nawili); b) moxdeba gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebruneba (Tu igi aRsrulebuli iyo); g) mosarCeles daekisreba im zianis anazRaureba, romelic miadga mopasuxes gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebiT; d) mopasuxes SeuZlia wamoayenos zianis anazRaurebis moTxovna saqmis damatebiTi warmoebis procesSi. muxli 301. Cekis Taobaze aRZruli saqmeebis warmoeba Tu moTxovnebi wamoyenebulia Cekis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, gamoyenebul unda iqnes Tamasuqis Taobaze aRZruli saqmeebis warmoebis wesi. _ Ceki _ es aris dadgenili formis fasiani qaRaldi, romelic Seicavs Cekis gamcemis werilobiT davalebas sabanko dawesebulebisadmi, gaanaRdos CekSi aRniSnuli Tanxa. _ 1995 wlis 19 aprils miRebuli iqna saqarTvelos kanoni `Cekis Sesaxeb~, romelic awesrigebs Cekis gacemis, moqmedebis, indosirebis, Tavdebobis, gadaxdisa 516 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari da aqedan gamodinare Sedegebis, agreTve masTan dakavSirebuli pretenziebis wardgenis wess.43 imis gasarkvevad, wamoyenebulia Tu ara moTxovna am kanonis Sesabamisad, sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos zemoT dasaxelebuli saqarTvelos kanoniT `Cekis Sesaxeb~. am kategoriis saqmeTa ganxilvisas ki sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos im wesebiT, romlebic dadgenilia Tamasuqis Taobaze aRZruli sarCelebis ganxilvisaTvis. 43 saqarTvelos normatiuli aqtebis krebuli, wigni I, iuridiuli da sagamomcemlo kompania norma Sps, Tb.,1996, gv.188 517 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XXXIV davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb saqmis ganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi muxli 302. dasaSveboba 1. am TavSi Camoyalibebuli gamartivebuli wesiT SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes moTxovnebi garkveuli fuladi Tanxis davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb. 2. davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb saqmis ganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi ar daiSveba, Tu: a) moTxovnis wamoyeneba damokidebulia jer kidev Seusrulebel sapasuxo gadaxdaze; b) brZaneba davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb mxares unda ecnobos sajaro (oficialuri) gamocxadebis gziT. 1. davalianebis amoRebis Sesaxeb saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT warmoebis pirveli etapi iwyeba gancxadebis dasaSvebobis SemowmebiT. aseTi Semowmebis mizniT sasamarTlom unda gamoarkvios, arsebobs Tu ara aseTi warmoebisaTvis dasaSvebobis pirobebi. es pirobebia: 1) moiTxovs Tu ara ganmcxadebeli fuladi Tanxis gadaxdevinebas. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu ganmcxadebeli moiTxovs ara fuladi Tanxis gadaxdevinebas, aramed mopasuxisagan raime nivTis gadacemas, raime samuSaos Sesrulebas da a. S. maSin gamartivebuli warmoeba am TaviT gaTvaliswinebuli wesebiT ar daiSveba. 2) xom ar aris moTxovnis wamoyeneba damokidebuli ganmcxadeblis mxriv jer kidev Seusrulebel sapasuxo gadaxdaze. es imas niSnavs, rom davalianebis gadaxdevinebis valdebuleba mopasuxis mimarT warmoiSoba 518 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari mas Semdeg, roca ganmcxadebeli Seasrulebs Tavis valdebulebas mis mimarT. sailustraciod SeiZleba miuTiToT samoqalaqo kodeqsis 369-e muxlze, romlis Tanaxmad piri, romelsac valdebuleba akisria ormxrivi xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare, SeuZlia uari Tqvas valdebulebis Sesrulebaze `sapasuxo moqmedebis ganxorcielebamde~.44 3) xom ar aris imis aucilebloba, rom gadaxdis brZaneba ecnobos mopasuxes sajaro gamocxadebis gziT. es imas niSnavs, rom gadaxdis brZaneba ver aRsruldeba, Tu ar aris cnobili mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli (ix.78e muxlis komentari). 4) pasuxobs Tu ara gancxadeba gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb ssk 303-e muxlis moTxovnebs (ix. am muxlis komentari). _ Tu ar arsebobs gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis dasaSvebobis esa Tu is piroba, sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ganCineba gancxadebis (gadaxdis brZanebis) miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (305-e muxli). muxli 303. gancxadeba davalianebis gadaxdis valdebulebis Sesaxeb 1. davalianebis gadaxdis valdebulebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba, romelic saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilvis safuZvelia, miznad unda isaxavdes sasamarTlos mier davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb brZanebis miRebas (gadaxdis brZaneba). 2. gancxadeba davalianebis gadaxdis valdebulebis Sesaxeb unda Seicavdes: a) mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis dasaxelebas; 44 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mesame, Tb., 2001 w., gv.298. 519 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali b) sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelSic SeaqvT gancxadeba; g) monacemebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli ZiriTadi da damatebiTi valdebulebidan gamomdinare moTxovnebia wamoyenebuli; d) wamoyenebuli pretenziis dasabuTebas. gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli mtkicebulebis Sesabamisi dokumentebi damowmebuli saxiT unda iqnes warmodgenili; e) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom aRZruli moTxovna ar aris damokidebuli ganmcxadeblis mxriv raime sapasuxo (sanacvlo) valdebulebis Sesrulebaze, an rom mis mier aseTi valdebulebis Sesruleba ukve ganxorcielda; v) ganmcxadeblis an misi warmomadgenlis xelmoweras. 1. gadaxdis brZaneba sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos mxolod da mxolod ganmcxadeblis TxovniT da es Txovna naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos Camoyalibebuli gancxadebaSi. _ sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia sasarCelo gancxadebis saxiT aRZruli moTxovna mopasuxeze fuladi Tanxis gadaxdis valdebulebis dakisrebis Sesaxeb, gadazardos gamartivebul warmoebaSi da gadawyvetilebis nacvlad gamoitanos gadaxdis brZaneba. 2. am muxlis meore nawili gansazRvravs davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Sinaarss. Tu gancxadeba ar pasuxobs am moTxovnebs, sasamarTlo ver miiRebs aseT gancxadebas. _ garda im saerTo monacemebisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTuli yovelgvari gancxadeba, gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba unda Seicavdes mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebel sxva monacemebsac. aseTi monacemebia: 520 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 1) romel faqtobriv da samarTlebriv safuZvlebs emyareba ganmcxadeblis ZiriTadi moTxovna davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb, agreTve, Tu wamoyenebulia damatebiTi moTxovnebi ZiriTadTan erTad, maSin gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos romel faqtobriv Tu samarTlebriv safuZvels emyareba es damatebiTi moTxovna. magaliTad, procenti, romelic kanonis an xelSekrulebis ZaliT unda gadaixados movalem (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 384-e muxli), iqneba damatebiTi moTxovna. 2) ra mtkicebulebebs emyareba ganmcxadeblis moTxovna, romlebic damowmebuli saxiT aucileblad unda erTvodes gancxadebas gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb. dasaSvebia mxolod saTanadod gaformebuli werilobiTi dokumentebi. magaliTad, Tu ZiriTadi valdebuleba emyareba sesxis xelSekrulebas, gancxadebas unda erTvodes es xelSekruleba, aseve, Tu damatebiTi valdebuleba (magaliTad, procentebis saxiT) emyareba mxareTa Soris SeTanxmebas, es SeTanxmeba werilobiTi saxiT unda iyos warmodgenili. 3) miTiTeba imis Sesaxeb, rom moTxovna ar aris damokidebuli ganmcxadeblis mxriv raime sanacvlo valdebulebis Sesrulebaze, an rom mis mier aseTi valdebuleba ukve Sesrulebulia. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 406-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu ormxriv xelSekrulebaSi movales ufleba aqvs uari Tqvas misTvis dakisrebul valdebulebaze, xolo garemoeba, romelic mas aZlevs amis uflebas, gamowveulia kreditoris braliT, maSin igi inarCunebs sapasuxo Sesrulebis uflebas,45 aqedan gamomdinare, Tu movale inarCunebs kreditorisagan sapasuxo Sesrulebis miRebis uflebas, am kreditors ar SeuZlia moiTxovos gadaxdis brZanebis miReba. 45 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni mesame, Tb., 2001w., gv.446 521 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 304. gansjadoba saqmes gamartivebuli wesiT davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb ganixilavs sasamarTlo mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. _ gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb gancxadebaze vrceldeba gansjadobis saerTo wesebi da igi SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi mxolod mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. muxli 305. davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis miRebaze uaris Tqma 1. sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT uars etyvis ganmcxadebels davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis miRebaze, Tu: a) igi ar upasuxebs am Tavis 302-303-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs; b) gancxdebaSi Camoyalibebuli moTxovnis safuZveli (303-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqti), ver asabuTebs am moTxovnas. 2. sasamarTlo uflebamosilia am muxlis pirveli nawilis „„a“„ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadebels dauniSnos vada gancxadebaSi an TandarTul masalebSi arsebuli xarvezis Sesavsebad. 1. davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis kanonis Sesabamisad Camouyalibeblobas ukavSirdeba seriozuli uaryofiTi Sedegebi: sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos aseTi gancxadeba gansaxilvelad, ris Sesaxebac mas gamoaqvs ganCineba `davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis (gadaxdis brZanebis) miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb~. 522 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari a) am ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos safuZveli, ris gamoc uari eTqva ganmcxadebels gancxadebis miRebaze, radgan igi ar Seicavs `monacemebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli ZiriTadi da damatebiTi valdebulebidan gamomdinareoben ganmcxadeblis moTxovnebi~ (ssk-is 303-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `g~ qvepunqti). b) gancxadebaSi moTxovnis faqtobriv safuZvelze miTiTeba ar kmara. es safuZveli, jer erTi, _ iuridiulad unda amarTlebdes moTxovnas, e. i. kanoni am faqtobriv garemoebebs unda ukavSirebdes im Sedegs, risi dadgomac surs ganmcxadebels da meore, _ gancxadebas Tan unda erTvodes saTanadod gaformebuli dokumenturi mtkicebulebebi. ganCinebaSi, romliTac uari eTqva ganmcxadebels gancxadebis miRebaze, zemoT aRniSnuli motiviT, miTiTebuli unda iyos amis Sesaxeb. 2. mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gancxadeba davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb ar pasuxobs 302303-e muxlebis moTxovnebs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia dauniSnos ganmcxadebels vada xarvezis Sesavsebad. ganCinebaSi xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iyos konkretulad ra xarvezi aqvs gancxadebas da misi droulad (daniSnul vadaSi) Seuvseblobis Sedegebze. Tu xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli daniSnul vadaSi, sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba, uars etyvis ganmcxadebels gancxadebis miRebaze. aseT SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadebels ubrundeba mis mier Setanili saxelmwifo baJi. muxli 306. gadaxdis brZaneba 1. gadaxdis brZaneba, garda 303-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `a~-`e~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli monacemebisa, unda Seicavdes: a) miTiTebas, rom sasamarTlos ar Seumowmebia, aqvs Tu ara ganmcxadebels aRZruli moTxovnis ufleba; 523 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali b) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom sasamarTlos mier gadaxdis brZanebis miRebidan 10 dRis ganmavlobaSi gadaixados (dafaros) vali procentebianad da xarjebianad, Tuki mopasuxe aRZrul pretenzias marTebulad (dasabuTebulad) miiCnevs, anda Semoitanos sasamarTloSi werilobiTi Sesagebeli, Tu mopasuxe mis mimarT aRZrul moTxovnas umarTebulod (dausabuTeblad) miiCnevs. g) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom gadaxdis brZanebis iZulebiTi aRsrulebisaTvis gaicema saaRsrulebo furceli, Tu mopasuxe vadis gasvlamde ar warmoadgens Tavis Sesagebels. 2. gadaxdis brZaneba mopasuxes gadaecema sasamarTlos iniciativiT. 3. sasamarTlo atyobinebs ganmcxadebels agreTve gadaxdis brZanebis mopasuxisaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb. 1. es muxli gansazRvravs gadaxdis brZanebis Sinaarss, mis savaldebulo rekvizitebs, kerZod: _ sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac es brZaneba miiRo; _ mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis dasaxelebas; _ miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli ZiriTadi da damatebiTi valdebulebidan wamoyenebuli moTxovnebi daakmayofila sasamarTlom. _ romel werilobiT masalebs daemyara sasamarTlo (ix. ssk 303-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari). a) gadaxdis brZanebis miReba warmoebs mopasuxis Setyobinebis gareSe. amitom, im werilobiTi masalebis Semowmeba, romlebic Tan erTvis gancxadebas, maTi utyuarobis TvalsazrisiT, SeuZlebelia. _ am punqtSi gamoyenebul cnebaSi _ `moTxovnis uf524 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari leba~ _ igulisxmeba moTxovnis dakmayofilebis ufleba, e. i. moTxovnis ufleba materialur-samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT. moTxovnis dakmayofilebis uflebis Sesaxeb daskvnas ki sasamarTlo akeTebs mxolod ganmcxadeblis mier gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli monacemebiT, magram imis Seumowmeblad, Tu ramdenad asaxavs es monacemebi sinamdviles. b) samagierod mopasuxes eZleva sruli SesaZlebloba am punqtiT gansazRvrul vadaSi an cnos ganmcxadeblis moTxovna dasabuTebulad da marTebulad, anda Seitanos sasamarTloSi werilobiTi Sesagebeli, Tu mopasuxe ar cnobs ganmcxadeblis moTxovnas, miiCnevs am moTxovnas umarTebulod da dausabuTeblad. mopasuxis am uflebaze (SesaZleblobaze) miTiTebuli unda iyos gadaxdis brZanebaSi. 2. vinaidan mopasuxe SeiZleba saerTod arc ki iyos informirebuli gadaxdis brZanebis miRebaze, sasamarTlo valdebulia Tavisi iniciativiT gadasces mopasuxes gadaxdis brZaneba. _ gadaxdis brZaneba unda Cabardes uSualod mopasuxes. magram, Tu mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli ucnobia, maSin gadaxdis brZanebis aRsruleba saerTod dauSvebelia (78-e da 302-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti). 3. sasamarTlo aseve Tavisi iniciativiT atyobinebs ganmcxadebels gadaxdis brZanebis mopasuxisaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb. aseTi Setyobinebis mniSvneloba mdgomareobs, jer erTi, imaSi, rom Tu mopasuxe cnobs gadaxdis brZanebas, mas SeuZlia moiTxovos misi aRsruleba da, meore _ Tu mopasuxe ar cnobs gadaxdis brZanebas da Semoitans Sesagebels, ganmcxadebels SeuZlia moiTxovos saqmis sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva (308-e muxli). muxli 307. mopasuxis Sesagebeli (protesti) mopasuxes SeuZlia ar cnos gadaxdis Sesa525 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali xeb brZaneba mTlianad an nawilobriv da Seitanos mis winaaRmdeg motivirebuli Sesagebeli (protesti) sasamarTloSi, romelmac miiRo es brZaneba, gadaxdis brZanebis miRebidan 10 dRis vadaSi. mopasuxes SeuZlia gaaprotestos gadaxdis Sesaxeb brZaneba im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac gaprotestebis vadis gaSveba sapatio mizeziT moxda. _ gadaxdis brZaneba miiReba mopasuxis gareSe, magram mas unarCundeba sruli SesaZlebloba daicvas Tavisi ufleba, Tu igi am uflebas darRveulad miiCnevs. kerZod, mas SeuZlia Seitanos Sesagebeli (protesti), romelic, ise rogorc yoveli sxva Sesagebeli, motivirebuli unda iyos, e. i. masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu ratom ar cnobs gadaxdis brZanebas. es imas niSnavs, rom umotivo (SiSveli) Sesagebeli, rom mopasuxe ar cnobs gadaxdis brZanebas, ar kmara. _ Sesageblis Setanis 10 dRiani vadis aTvla unda daiwyos im dRidan, roca mopasuxes gadaeca gadaxdis brZaneba. mopasuxisaTvis gadaxdis brZanebis Cabarebis Sesaxeb sruli informacia unda iyos saqmeSi. _ Tu mopasuxem gauSva Sesageblis Setanis 10 dRiani vada, es vada SeiZleba aRadginos sasamarTlom (65-e muxli), oRond mopasuxem unda daumtkicos sasamarTlos, rom vadis gaSveba gamowveuli iyo sapatio mizeziT. vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba. muxli 308. saqmis ganxilva davis sasarCelo warmoebis wesiT 1. Tu mopasuxe droulad Seitans Tavis Sesagebels sasamarTloSi, davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb aRZruli moTxovna ganxilul da gadawyvetil unda iqnes sasarCelo warmoebis saerTo wesiT. saqme sasa526 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari marTlo ganxilvis sagnad iTvleba gadaxdis brZanebis gadacemis momentidan. 2. sasamarTlos SeuZlia saqmis zepiri ganxilvis daniSvnamde am saqmis momzadebis mizniT miiRos am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebi, maT Soris daavalos mxareebs warmoadginon werilobiTi dokumentebi da ganmartebebi. _ Sesageblis droulad Setanas SeiZleba moyves gadaxdis brZanebis gauqmeba da saqmis saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva, ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic sxva garemoebebTan erTad miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom `davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb aRZruli moTxovna ganxilul da gadawyvetil iqnes sasarCelo warmoebis saerTo wesiT~. _ sasarCelo wesiT saqmis ganxilvisaTvis saWiro araa nacvlad gancxadebisa, gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb ganmcxadebelma Semoitanos sarCeli. sasamarTlo saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganixilavs `davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb gancxadebiT aRZrul moTxovnas~. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad saqme sasamarTlo ganxilvis sagnad iTvleba gadaxdis brZanebis gadacemis momentidan, magram am saqmis sasarCelo warmoebis wesiT ganxilvis dawyebis vadis aTvla unda daiwyos im dRidan, roca sasamarTlom miiRo ganCineba am saqmis saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilvis Sesaxeb. 2. gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilva arsebiTad gansxvavdeba saqmis sasarCelo wesiT warmoebisagan, amitom am gancxadebis (moTxovnis) saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva aucileblad gulisxmobs saqmis winaswar momzadebas dadgenili wesiT (200-209-e muxlebi). 527 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 309. gadaxdis brZanebis aRsruleba Tu mopasuxe droulad ar Seitans sasamarTloSi Sesagebels (protests) gadaxdis Sesaxeb miRebuli brZanebis winaaRmdeg, sasamarTlo ganmcxadeblis Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze gascems saaRsrulebo furcels, ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mopasuxes. mopasuxes SeuZlia gadaxdis brZanebis miRebidan 10 dRis ganmavlobaSi Seitanos gadaxdis brZanebis winaaRmdeg motivirebuli Sesagebeli (protesti) (307e muxli). Tu Sesagebeli am vadaSi ar iqneba Setanili sasamarTlos SeuZlia gasces saaRsrulebo furceli. mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoebac, rom gadaxdis brZanebis gaprotesteba SesaZlebelia im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac gaprotestebis vada mopasuxem gauSva sapatio mizeziT, rac man sarwmunod unda daadasturos (307-e muxli). aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia droebiT SeaCeros gadaxdis brZanebis aRsruleba. amasTan dakavSirebiT, did mniSvnelobas iZens 309e muxlis danawesi imis Sesaxeb, rom saaRsrulebo furclis gacema sasamarTlom Tavisi iniciativiT unda Seatyobinos mopasuxes. 528 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari T a v i XXXIVI lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze saqmis ganxilvis gamartivebuli wesi winaswari SeniSvna: am Tavis damateba, romelic ganxorcielda 2002 wlis 7 maisis kanoniT46 da romelic exeba mxolod lizingis sagnis dabrunebas gamartivebuli wesiT, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT moulodneli iyo. saqme isaa, rom, jer erTi, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad, gamartivebuli wesiT da sasamarTlos brZanebis miRebis gziT SeiZleboda ganxiluliyo mxolod moTxovnebi garkveuli fuladi Tanxis davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb; meore, Tu raime aucileblobiT iyo gamowveuli lizingis sagnis gamartivebuli wesiT da sasamarTlos brZanebiT dabruneba, maSin es SeiZleboda momxdariyo Sesabamisi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis SetaniT ssk XXXIV TavSi, romelic SeiZleboda gafarTovebuliyo ise, rom SesaZlebeli yofiliyo gamartivebuli wesiT ara mxolod fuladi moTxovnebis, aramed moZravi nivTebis (da ara mxolod lizingis sagnis) dabrunebis Sesaxeb moTxovnebis ganxilva. gvrCeba imedi, rom momavalSi praqtikis ganzogadebis safuZvelze kvlav ganxorcieldeba aRniSnuli muxlebis sakanonmdeblo wesiT dazusteba _ dakonkreteba im principebis sruli gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebzec agebulia saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi. muxli 309 1. dasaSveboba am TaviT dadgenili gamartivebuli wesiT SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes moTxovnebi lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze. 46 saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne I. 2002, #13, muxli 50. 529 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali _ es muxli gansazRvravs gancxadebis dasaSvebobis mxolod erT pirobas _ am gancxadebis moTxovnis sagani unda iyos lizingis sagani, romelic imyofeba lizingis mimRebTan. gancxadebis dasaSvebobis (miRebis) sxva pirobebi Camoyalibebulia momdevno muxlebSi. muxli 309 2. gancxadeba lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze 1. gancxadeba lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze, romelic warmoadgens saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilvis safuZvels, miznad unda isaxavdes sasamarTlos mier lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZanebis miRebas. 2. gancxadebaSi lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze, romelsac Tan unda axldes saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdis damadasturebeli qviTari, aRniSnuli unda iyos Semdegi monacemebi: a) sasamarTlos dasaxeleba; b) mxareebi da maTi warmomadgenlebis dasaxelebebi; g) ganmcxadeblis moTxovna; d) valdebuleba, romlis safuZvelzec wayenebulia moTxovna; e) wayenebuli moTxovnis damadasturebeli mtkicebuleba. 3. mosamarTle gancxadebas lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze ganixilavs sasamarTloSi misi Setanidan 3 dReSi. 530 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 1. gancxadeba lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes gamartivebuli wesiT, anu XXXIV1 TaviT dadgenili wesiT, Tu ganmcxadebeli moiTxovs, rom lizingis sagani mas daubrunos sasamarTlom mis mier miRebuli brZanebis safuZvelze. 2. am muxlis meore nawili gansazRvravs gancxadebis Sinaarss, romelic garda yvela sxva gancxadebis rekvizitebisa, unda Seicavdes: a) im sagnis dasaxelebas (aRweras), romelic imyofeba lizingis mimRebis mflobelobaSi da romlis dabrunebasac ganmcxadebeli moiTxovs; b) miTiTebas, Tu romeli valdebulebiT (xelSekrulebiT) gadaeca lizingis mimRebs sagani, romlis dabrunebasac lizingis gamcemi moiTxovs; g) miTiTebuli unda iyos agreTve mtkicebulebebze, romlebic adastureben ganmcxadeblis moTxovnas. cxadia, rom am mtkicebulebebs Soris gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba lizingis xelSekrulebas, romelic samoqalaqo kodeqsis 577-e muxlis, Tanaxmad werilobiTi formiT ideba. marTalia, am muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad gancxadebaSi `aRniSnuli unda iyos~ wayenebuli moTxovnis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi, radgan praqtikulad SeuZlebelia am mtkicebulebebis warmodgenis gareSe sadavo sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZanebis miReba. amitom, es mtkicebulebebi, sinamdvileSi, unda erTvodes gancxadebas, miT umetes, rom brZanebis miRebis sakiTxi sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos umokles vadaSi (3095-e muxli). 3. am muxlis mesame nawili gansazRvravs gancxadebis ganxilvis vadas. es vada aris 3 dRe da misi aTvla iwyeba ara gancxadebis Semotanis dRidan, aramed misi warmoebaSi miRebis dRidan (3094-e muxli). muxli 309 3. gansjadoba gancxadeba lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflo531 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali belobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze sasamarTloSi Seitaneba saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT. _ ssk me-16 muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare sarCelebi sasamarTlos waredgineba xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis adgilis an im adgilis mixedviT, sadac xelSekruleba unda Sesrulebuliyo. _ xelSekrulebis an am xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare valdebulebis Sesrulebis adgilad iTvleba is adgili, romelic am xelSekrulebiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli. magram, Tu Sesrulebis adgili ar aris gansazRvruli, maSin unda vixelmZRvaneloT valdebulebiTi urTierTobis arsiT (ix. ssk-is me-16 muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari). muxli 309 4. lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebis umoZraod datoveba 1. Tu mosamarTle gamoarkvevs, rom gancxadeba lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze ar akmayofilebs 3092 muxlis moTxovnebs, igi gamoitans ganCinebas arsebuli xarvezis Sesaxeb da ganmcxadebels miscems vadas mis Sesavsebad. Tu ganmcxadebeli gansazRvrul vadaSi Seavsebs ganCinebaSi miTiTebul xarvezs, mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas gancxadebis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mosamarTle gancxadebas umoZraod datovebs da ganmcxadebels daubrunebs. 2. sasamarTlos ganCinebaze lizingis sagnis 532 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebis umoZraod datovebisa da misi ganmcxadeblisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. _ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba ar pasuxobs wayenebul moTxovnebs, sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ganCineba xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, xolo Tu am ganCinebiT daniSnul vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas am gancxadebis umoZraod datovebis Sesaxeb. am ganCinebebis miReba da gasaCivreba warmoebs ssk 185-e muxliT sarCelebis umoZraod datovebisaTvis dadgenili wesebis msgavsad. amitom, 185-e muxlis komentari mTlianad vrceldeba am muxlzec. muxli 309 5. lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebis miRebaze uaris Tqma 1. Tu gancxadebaSi lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze 3092 muxlis me-2 nawilis `e~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad aRniSnuli moTxovnis damadasturebeli mtkicebuleba ver asabuTebs wayenebul moTxovnas, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. 2. sasamarTlos ganCinebaze lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebis miRebaze ua- 533 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ris Tqmis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. 1. sasamarTlos gamoaqvs mxolod erTi saxis brZaneba lizingis sagnis ganmcxadeblisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. magram Tu gancxadebaze TandarTuli mtkicebulebebi ver asabuTeben moTxovnas, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba gancxadebis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. 2. am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana ssk 414-e-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. muxli 309 6. lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZaneba lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZanebaSi aRniSnuli unda iyos, rom brZaneba eqvemdebareba dauyovnebliv aRsrulebas da misi gasaCivrebis wesi da vada. _ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gancxadebis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos rwmeniT mtkicebulebebi, romlebic Tan erTvis gancxadebas, adastureben moTxovnas, mas gamoaqvs brZaneba lizingis sagnis ganmcxadeblisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. es brZaneba, am muxlis danawesis mixedviT, eqvemdebareba dauyovnebliv aRsrulebas, Tumca dasaSvebia misi gasaCivreba. muxli 309 7. lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb brZanebis gasaCivreba sasamarTlos brZanebaze lizingis sagnis gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dab534 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari runebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. amasTan, es ver SeaCerebs brZanebis aRsrulebas. _ kerZo saCivris Setana ver SeaCerebs brZanebis aRsrulebas, ise rogorc saapelacio saCivris Setana ver SeaCerebs dauyonebliv aRsrulebaze wardgenili gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas (375-e muxlis me-2 nawili). magram saCivris ganmxilvel sasamarTlos SeuZlia, Tu es saWirod miaCnia, droebiT SeaCeros brZanebis aRsruleba (418-e muxlis me-2 nawili). _ lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo brZanebaze Setanili kerZo saCivari ganixileba 414-e420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. 535 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali kari meeqvse udavo warmoeba T a v i XXXV zogadi debulebani muxli 310. sasamarTlos mier udavo warmoebis wesiT gansaxilveli saqmeebi udavo warmoebis wesiT sasamarTlo ganixilavs saqmeebs: a) iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb; b) moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebisa da moqalaqis gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb; g) moqalaqis qmeduunarod da SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb; d) dakargul sawarmdgenlo fasian qaRaldsa da saordero fasian qaRaldze uflebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb (gamowveviTi warmoeba); e) qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb; v) amoRebulia z) Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb. _ arc ise iSviaTia SemTxveva, rodesac pirs aqvs esa Tu is ufleba, magram ver axorcielebs am uflebas, radgan faqti, romlis safuZvelzec es ufleba warmoiSoba, ar aris naTlad da garkveviT warmodgenili da saWiroebs dadgena-dadasturebas. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aseTi faqtis dadgena, garkveuli obieqturi Tu subieqturi pirobebis gamo, ver 536 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari xerxdeba sxva gziT, pirs SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos udavo warmoebis wesiT faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 313-315-e muxlebi). udavo warmoebis wesiT SeiZleba dadgindes faqtis arseboba an ararseboba, magram ara am faqtis samarTlebrivi Sedegi, e. i. Tu ra Sedegs ukavSirebs udavo warmoebis wesiT dadgenil faqts kanoni. _ es muxli Seicavs im kategoriis saqmeTa amomwurav CamonaTvals, romlebic SeiZleba ganxilul da gadawyvetil iqnes udavo warmoebis wesiT. _ udavo warmoeba aris erTmxariani (erTpiriani) warmoeba, radgan erTi mxare _ ganmcxadebeli, moiTxovs mxolod faqtis dadgenas, raime garemoebis aRiarebas an registracias da ar ayenebs meore mxaris, an nebismieri sxva piris mimarT raime moTxovnas. muxli 311. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilva 1. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeebs sasamarTlo ganixilavs am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesebiT, im cvlilebebisa da damatebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia XXXV-XLI I TavebiT. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmis ganxilvisas sasamarTlo iwvevs am saqmis ganxilviT dainteresebul pirebs. 2. Tu udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmis ganxilvisas aRiZvris dava iseTi uflebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic sasamarTlos uwyebrivad eqvemdebareba, sasamarTlo gancxadebas ganuxilvelad datovebs da dainteresebul pirebs ganumartavs, rom maT ufleba aqvT warmoadginon sarCeli saerTo safuZvelze. 1. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvis dros aris mxolod ganmcxadebeli da ar arian mxareebi, ker537 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali Zod, mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame pirebi, Tanamonawileebi. amitom, am pirebis procesSi monawileobiT ganpirobebuli saqmeTa ganxilvis wesebi ar aris saWiro da arc gamoiyeneba udavo warmoebis dros, sxva mxriv, udavo warmoebis saqmeebi ganixileba ssk-iT dadgenili wesebis dacviT, garda im gamonaklisebisa, rac am kodeqsis meeqvse kariTaa dadgenili. - rogorc savsebiT sworad miuTiTa saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didma palatam udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvisas sasamarTlom unda acnobos savaraudod dainteresebul yvela pirs, raTa SesaZlebloba mieceT maT monawileoba miiRon saqmis ganxilvaSi da droulad ganaxorcielon 311-e muxlis meore nawiliT miniWebuli ufleba - moiTxovon saqmis saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb dainteresebulma p irebma gaiges sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg, maT ufleba aqvT gaasaCivron es gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT, moiTxovon misi gauqmeba da saqmis saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva, xolo im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac es gadawyvetileba Sesulia kanonier ZalaSi, dainteresebul pirebs SeuZliaT mimarTon am gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos misi baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb47. 2. Tu saqmis udavo warmoebis dros aRiZvreba dava, sasamarTlo ukve veRar ganixilvs am saqmes udavo warmoebis w esiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom dainterese- 47 ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatis 2002 wlis 4 noembris ganCineba, agreTve, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2002 wlis 13 ivnisis ganCineba. es ganCineba da maTi komentari ix. T.liluaSvili, v.xrustali.„saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtika udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb“ Tb. 2003. 538 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari bul pirebs SeuZliaT aRZran sarCeli saerTo wesis dacviT. sarCelis aRZvris SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo amowmebs misi miRebis yvela pirobas (177-e-186-e muxlebi). mxedvelobaSia misaRebi rom udavo warmoebis wesiT gancxadebis gansjadoba SeiZleba ar daemTxves uflebis dacvis Sesaxeb aRZruli sarCelis gansjadobas, magram es arafers ar cvlis: sarCeli unda aRiZras gansjadobis wesebis dacviT. 539 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XXXVI iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dadgena muxli 312. sasamarTlos mier gansaxilveli saqmeebi iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb 1. sasamarTlo adgens faqtebs, romlebzedac damokidebulia moqalaqeTa da organizaciaTa piradi an qonebrivi uflebebis warmoSoba, Secvla an mospoba, Tu SeuZlebelia maTi dadgena Sesabamisi administraciuli organos mier. 2. sasamarTlo ganixilavs saqmeebs: a) pirTa naTesauri kavSiris dadgenis Sesaxeb; b) piris kmayofaze yofnis faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb; g) dabadebis, Svilad ayvanis, qorwinebis, ganqorwinebisa da gardacvalebis registraciis faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb; d) uflebis damdgeni sabuTis im pirisadmi kuTvnilebis faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, romlis saxeli, mamis saxeli an gvari, rac sabuTebSia aRniSnuli, ar emTxveva mis pasportSi an dabadebis mowmobaSi aRniSnul saxels, mamis saxels an gvars; e) amoRebulia v) amoRebulia z) piris garkveul drosa da garkveul viTarebaSi gardacvalebis faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, Tu saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros mmarTvelobis sferoSi Semavali sajaro samarTlis iuridiulma pirma - 540 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari samoqalaqo reestris saagentom uari ganacxada dabadebis an gardacvalebis faqtis registraciaze; T) memkvidreobis miRebis faqtisa da memkvidreobis gaxsnis adgilis dadgenis Sesaxeb; i) amoRebulia 1. iuridiuli faqtebi, es iseTi faqtebia, romlebsac kanoni ukavSirebs garkveul iuridiul Sedegs. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu faqts, romlis dadgenac surs ganmcxadebels, ar ukavSirdeba raime iuridiuli Sedegi, sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos gancxadeba gansaxilvelad. _ faqts SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes raime iuridiuli Sedegi da amitom aseTi faqti iuridiuli faqtia, magram imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom miiRos gancxadeba am faqtis dadgenis mizniT, es araa sakmarisi. amisaTvis saWiroa, rom dasadgen faqts ukavSirdebodes swored is Sedegi, romlis dadgomac surs ganmcxadebels. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos gancxadeba gansaxilvelad (ssk-is 315-e muxli). imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom miiRos gancxadeba gansaxilvelad mas unda erTvodes agreTve Sesabamisi administraciuli organos cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom am faqtis dadgena SeuZlebelia ama Tu im mizezis gamo (ix. 313-e muxlis komentari). 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs im iuridiuli faqtebis CamonaTvals, romlebic SeuZlia daadginos sasamarTlom udavo warmoebis wesiT. es faqtebia: a) pirTa naTesauri kavSiri. naTesaur kavSirs, magaliTad, Svilobis, SviliSvilobis, mSoblobis da a.S. faqts aqvs iuridiuli mniSvneloba, radgan ukavSirdeba iuridiuli Sedegi, kerZod, memkvidreoba, rCenis movaleoba da sxva. ganmcxadebelma unda miuTiTos gancxadebaSi iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, Tu ra miznisaTvis sWirdeba mas am faqtis dadgena. Tu aR541 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali moCndeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda naTesauri kavSiris dadgena iseTi miznisaTvis, romlisTvisac am faqts ara aqvs raime mniSvneloba (magaliTad, binebis gadacvlisaTvis, Tanamdebobis dakavebisaTvis, samecniero xarisxis miniWebisaTvis da a. S.), maSin sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos gancxadeba gansaxilvelad (ssk-is 315-e muxli). b) kmayofaze yofnis faqti mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba daadginos sasamarTlom, rodesac am faqts kanoni ukavSirebs ganmcxadeblisaTvis sasurvel Sedegs. magaliTad, dazaralebulis gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi zianis mimyenebelma sarCos dawesebiT unda aunazRauros ziani im pirs, romlis rCenac dazaralebuls evaleboda (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1006-e muxli). g) sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos mxolod da mxolod dabadebis, Svilad ayvanis, qorwinebis, ganqorwinebis da gardacvalebis registraciis faqti, e. i. faqti imis Sesaxeb, rom dabadeba iyo registrirebuli, Svilad ayvana iyo registrirebuli, qorwineba iyo registrirebuli da a. S. magram arqivi (Canawerebi registraciis Sesaxeb) ganadgurda omianobis, xanZrisa Tu raime stiqiuri ubedurebis gamo. gancxadeba am faqtebis dadasturebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos gansaxilvelad mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas erTvis saxelmwifo reestris mwarmoebeli organodan (sarmo) cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom maT ar SeuZliaT gascen Sesabamisi dokumentis dublikati arqivis ganadgurebis gamo. d) pirebi farTod sargebloben ama Tu im dokumentiT, rogoricaa magaliTad, Sromis wignaki, cnoba muSaobis Sesaxeb, ganaTlebis Tu samecniero xarisxis damadasturebeli dokumenti da a. S. romlebsac aqvT iuridiuli mniSvneloba. zogjer am dokumentebSi miTiTebuli saxeli, mamis saxeli, gvari, ar emTxveva pasportSi an dabadebis mowmobaSi aRniSnul saxels, mamis saxels an gvars. amis mizezi SeiZleba mravali iyos, romelTa Soris 542 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari yvelaze gavrcelebulia saxelis SemoklebiT aRniSvna (magaliTad, goga giorgis nacvlad, leqso aleqsandres nacvlad da a. S.). zogjer moqalaqeebi icvlian TavianT gvars, magram ar cvlian dokuments da a.S. arasworia praqtika, rodesac sasamarTloebi TavianTi gadawyvetilebebiT adgenen ara dokumentis pirisadmi kuTvnilebis faqts, rogorc es miTiTebulia am punqtSi, aramed im pirTa igiveobis faqts, romlebic sxvadasxvanairad arian moxseniebuli gadawyvetilebaSi. magaliTad, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi aRniSnulia: `Sromis wignakSi miTiTebuli gogi niJaraZe da pasportSi miTiTebuli giorgi niJaraZe _ erTi da igive piria~, an kidev `n. b. qarazanaSvili da n. b. qarzanaSvili _ erTi da igive piria~. kanonis Sesabamisi iqneba aseTi formulireba gadawyvetilebaSi: `Sromis wignaki gacemuli 2000 wlis 15 ianvars gogi niJaraZis saxelze, ekuTvnis giorgi niJaraZes~, an kidev `Tsu-s mier a. n. Sengelias saxelze 1955 wels gacemuli #5 diplomi, ekuTvnis a. n. Sengelaias~. z) gancxadebas piris garkveul drosa da garkveul viTarebaSi dabadebis an gardacvalebis faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, Tan unda erTvodes samoqalaqo reestris saagentos cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom igi uars ambobs am faqtis registraciaze, agreTve mtkicebulebebi, romlebic utyuarad adastureben piris garkveul drosa da garkveul viTarebaSi gardacvalebis faqts. T) damkvidrebuli praqtikis Tanaxmad, memkvidreobis miRebis faqtisa da memkvidreobis gaxsnis adgilis dadgenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba ganixilos sasamarTlom udavo warmoebis wesiT, Tu sanotaro organom uari uTxra ganmcxadebels memkvidreobis miRebis uflebis mowmobis gacemaze im motiviT, rom ganmcxadebels ar gaaCnia Sesabamisi dokumentebi, romlebic adastureben samkvidro qonebis faqtobriv mflobelobaSi miRebis faqts, rogoricaa, magaliTad, sxvadasxva xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis qviTrebi, sabinao komunaluri mom543 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali saxurebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis qviTrebi, mezoblebis werilobiTi axsna-ganmartebebi da a. S. Tu aseTi dokumentebi warudgina ganmcxadebelma notariuss, magram man isini arasakmarisad CaTvala, maSin ganmcxadebels SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT sanotaro moqmedebis Sesrulebaze uaris Tqmis gamo. iuridiuli faqtebis am muxlSi mocemuli CamonaTvali amomwuravia rac imas niSnavs, rom sxva faqtebs sasamarTlo ver daadgens udavo warmoebis wesiT. muxli 313. iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dadgenisaTvis aucilebeli pirobebi 1. sasamarTlo iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebs adgens mxolod am faqtebis damadasturebeli sabuTebis sxva wesiT miRebis an dakarguli sabuTebis aRdgenis SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi. 2. iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis damadasturebeli sabuTebis miRebis an dakarguli sabuTebis aRdgenis SeuZlebloba unda dasturdebodes Sesabamisi administraciuli organos mier ganxorcielebuli administraciuli warmoebis Sedegad miRebuli (gamocemuli) administraciuli aqtiT“. 1. iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis miReba gansaxilvelad dasaSvebia mxolod im pirobiT, Tu sxva gziT am faqtis dadgena namdvilad SeuZlebelia imis gamo, rom Sesabamisi Canawerebi ganadgurda, xolo maTi aRdgena SeuZlebelia. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu arsebobis faqtis damadasturebeli sabuTis sxva wesiT miRebis an dakarguli sabuTis aRdgenis SesaZlebloba, sasamarTlom ar unda daadginos faqti, ar unda miiRos gancxadeba faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb warmoebaSi. 544 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 2. am muxlis me-2 nawilisa da 315-e muxlis analizi safuZvels iZleva daskvnisaTvis, rom damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba ganmcxadebels. es imas niSnavs, rom ganmcxadebelma unda warudginos sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi (315-e muxli), romlebic Tan unda erTovdes gancxadebas faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb. am mtkicebulebebs afasebs sasamarTlo Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT. Tu aseTi Sefasebis Sedegad sasamarTlo miva im daskvnamde, rom faqtis sxva wesiT dadgena marTlac SeuZlebelia, igi miiRebs da ganixilavs gancxadebas, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi uars etyvis ganmcxadebels gancxadebis miRebaze, xolo Tu es gancxadeba SecdomiT iqna miRebuli warmoebaSi - datovebs mas ganuxilvelad. gansakuTrebul praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens am muxlis me-2 nawilis danawesi mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis Sesaxeb, romlis Tanaxmad „iuridiuli faqtis damadasturebeli sabuTis miRebis an dakarguli sabuTis aRdgenis SeuZlebloba SeiZleba dadasturdes mxolod Sesabamisi administraciuli organos administraciuli aqtiT. magaliTad, saxelmwifo reestris mwarmoebeli organos - samoqalaqo reestris saagentos cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom qorwinebis registracia, romelic ganmcxadeblis gancxadebiT ganxorcielebula 1990 wels, ver iqneba dadasturebuli, radgan xanZris Sedegad, romelic am registraciis Semdeg (1993 w.) moxda ganadgurda yvela Canaweri. amitom, sarmo-s, bunebrivia, ar SeuZlia daadasturos qorwinebis registraciis faqti. amrigad, iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis SeuZlebloba rac am faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis warmoebaSi miRebis erT-erTi winapirobaa, SeiZleba dadasturdes ara yoveli saxis mtkicebulebiT, romelsac icnobs ssk-si (127-176-e muxlebi), aramed mxolod werilobiTi mtkicebulebebiT da isic mxolod saTanado administraciuli organos administraciuli aqtiT. amasTan dakavSirebiT praqtikul mniSvnelobas 545 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali iZens Tu ra SeiZleba CaiTvalos administraciul aqtad da administraciul warmoebad, romlis Sedegad unda iqnes gamocemuli es administraciuli aqti da aris Tu ara misi mimRebi organo administraciuli organo. cxadia, rom rodesac gancxadebas iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb Tan erTvis administraciuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb administraciuli aqti, sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos da Seafasos samive es elementi. administraciuli aqtis definicia mocemulia zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis me-2 muxlis „d“ qvepunqtSi, romlis Tanaxmad administraciuli aqti aris administraciuli organos mier administraciuli kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze gamocemuli individualuri samarTlebrivi aqti, romelic awesebs cvlis, wyvets an adasturebs piris an pirTa SezRuduli wris uflebebsa da movaleobebs. administraciuli aqti miRebuli unda iqnes administraciuli organos mier ganxorcielebuli administraciuli warmoebis Sedegad. zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis me-2 muxlis „k“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad administraciuli warmoeba aris administraciuli organos saqmianoba administraciul samarTlebrivi aqtis momzadebis, gamocemisa da aRsrulebis mizniT. administraciuli organos legaluri ganmarteba mocemulia zogad administraciuli kodeqsis me-2 muxlSi. am muxlis „a“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad administraciuli organo aris yvela saxelmwifo an adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis da mmarTvelobis organo an dawesebuleba, sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri, agreTve nebismieri sxva piri, romelic kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze asrulebs sajaro samarTlebriv uflebamosilebas. amrigad, iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebaze TandarTuli administraciuli aqtis Semowmeba da Sefaseba sasamarTlos mxriv ar aris martivi saqme. sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos aris Tu ara am aq546 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari tis gamcemi organo administraciuli organo, miRebulia Tu ara es aqti administraciuli warmoebis Sedegad da pasuxobs Tu ara igi kanonis moTxovnebs anu SeiZleba Tu ara CaiTvalos igi administraciul aqtad. sasamarTloebma yovelTvis unda iqonion mxedvelobaSi, rom udavo warmoebis wesiT sasamarTloebs SeuZliaT daadginon dabadebis, qorwinebis, ganqorwinebis, gardacvalebis da a.S. registraciis faqti. magram, Tu registracia ar momxdara da, maSasadame, arc raime Canawerebia amis Sesaxeb, maSin cxadia, rom sasamarTlo ver daadgens „registraciis faqts“, e.i. faqts, romelsac ar hqonia adgili. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu saTanado administraciuli organo, mis mier ganxorcielebuli administraciuli warmoebis Sedegad miRebuli administraciuli aqtiT adasturebs, rom Svilad ayvanis, qorwinebis, ganqorwinebis da a.S. registracia ar ganxorcielebula, sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras ganmcxadebels udavo warmoebis wesiT gancxadebis miRebaze da ganxilvaze: sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos, rom adgili hqonda registraciis faqts, magram mas ar SeuZlia TviTon moaxdinos registracia. bolos, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom administraciulma organom SeiZleba uari uTxras ganmcxadeblis Sesabamisi administraciuli aqtis gamocemaze, SeuZlia Tu ara sasamarTlos ganmcxadeblis SuamdgomlobiT TviTon gamoiTxovs aseTi aqti? Tu vixelmZRvanelebT ssk 103-e muxlis me-2 nawilis danawesiT Tu mxareebma ama Tu im mizeziT ver SeZles mtkicebulebis uSualod miReba da sasamarTloSi wardgena, mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT sasamarTlos SeuZlia TviTon gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi. muxli 3131. administraciuli organos pasuxismgebloba Tu sasamarTlo saqmis ganxilvisas daadgens, rom administraciulma organom daus547 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali abuTeblad uTxra ganmcxadebels uari iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dadgenaze an/da Tavi Seikava maTi dadgenisagan, sasamarTlo Sesabamisi reagirebisaTvis wardginebas ugzavnis am administraciuli organos xelmZRvanels, romelic valdebulia miRebuli vadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb erTi Tvis vadaSi acnobos sasamarTlos. sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi, rogorc Cans, miuTiTebs imaze, rom arc ise iSviaTad Sesabamisi organoebi aramarto srulad dausabuTeblad eubnebian uars moqalaqeebs iuridiuli faqtis dadgenaze, aramed piriqiT, ubiZgeben maT mimarT sasamarTlos. aseTi araswori praqtikis aRmofxvris mizniT es muxli iTvaliswinebs sasamarTlos movaleobas wardginebiT mimarTos administraciuli organos xelmZRvanels Sesabamisi r eagirebisaTvis, Tavis mxriv, es xelmZRvaneli valdebulia wardginebis miRebidan erTi Tvis vadaSi acnobos sasamarTlos miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb. muxli 314. gancxadebis Setana gancxadeba iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTloSi Seitaneba mxolod am kodeqsis 312-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi ganmcxadeblis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. _ iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis gansjadoba ganisazRvreba ganmcxadeblis sacxovrebeli adgiliT, romelmac aseTi gancxadeba unda Seitanos sasamarTloSi Tavisi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. am muxlSi miTiTebuli 312-e muxlis pirveli nawili dakonkretebulia amave muxlis me-2 nawilSi, romelic 548 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari amomwuravad gansazRvravs im faqtebis wres, romlebic SeiZleba dadgindes udavo warmoebis wesiT. -iuridiuli faqtis Sesaxeb gancxadebaSia miTiTebuli unda iyos agreTve mtkicebulebebze, romlebic adastureben saTanado sabuTis aRebis an dakarguli sabuTis aRdgenis SeuZleblobas. amasTan erTad, es mtkicebulebebi warmodgenili unda iyos sasamarTloSi gancxadebasTan erTad (ssk-is 313-e muxli). _ Tu gancxadeba iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb ar pasuxobs am muxlis moTxovnebs, kerZod: 1) masSi araa miTiTebuli mizanze, risTvisac sWirdeba ganmcxadebels iuridiuli faqtis dadgena; b) masSi araa miTiTebuli mtkicebulebebze, romlebic adastureben faqtis damadasturebeli sabuTis sxva wesiT miRebis an dakarguli sabuTis aRdgenis SeuZleblobas; g) gancxadebas ar erTvis (araa warmodgenili gancxadebasTan erTad) es mtkicebulebebi, kerZod saTanado administraciuli organos administraciuli aqti _ maSin sasamarTlom unda misces vada ganmcxadebels xarvezis Sesavsebad. Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, sasamarTlo gancxadebas umoZraod datovebs (ssk-is 185-e muxli). Tu gancxadebis xarvezi gamovlinda misi warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas am gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb ssk-is 311-e muxlis me-2 nawilis analogiiT (ix. am muxlis komentari). muxli 315. gancxadebis Sinaarsi gancxadebaSi unda aRiniSnos, ra mizniT sWirdeba ganmcxadebels iuridiuli mniSvnelobis faqtebis dadgena. gancxadebasTan erTad warmodgenili unda iyos mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adasturebs ganmcxadeblis mier saTanado sabuTebis miRebis 549 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali an dakarguli sabuTebis aRdgenis SeuZleblobas am kodeqsis 313-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnis dacviT. _ gancxadeba iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, garda im monacemebisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTuli nebismieri sxva gancxadeba, unda Seicavdes im mizanze naTlad da gasagebad miTiTebas, risTvisac sWirdeba ganmcxadebels iuridiuli faqtis dadgena. es kanonis umniSvnelovanesi danawesia, rac imas niSnavs, rom faqti SeiZleba marTlac iyos iuridiuli im TvalsazrisiT, rom mas kanoni ukavSirebs garkveul iuridiul Sedegs, magram ra miznisTvisac ganmcxadebeli moiTxovs faqtis dadgenas, am faqts aranairi mniSvneloba ara aqvs, anu faqts, romlis dadgenasac moiTxovs ganmcxadebeli, ar ukavSirdeba is Sedegi, romlis dadgomac surs ganmcxadebels. erT-erT saqmeze saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didma palatam miuTiTa, rom gancxadebaSi im mizanze miTiTeba, risTvisac ganmcxadebels am faqtis dadgena sWirdeba, warmoadgens sasamarTlos mier gancxadebis warmoebaSi miRebisa da ganxilvis erT-erT ucilebel winapirobas“.48 muxli 316. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, romelic registrirebul unda iqnes moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis registraciis organoSi an sxva organoSi, warmoadgens safuZvels aseTi registraciisa 48 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatis gadawyvetilebani, 2001-2002. gv. 73 550 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari da gaformebisaTvis, magram ver Secvlis am organoebis mier gasacem dokumentebs49. _ gadawyvetileba iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb unda pasuxobdes yvela moTxovnas, rasac sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba saerTod (249-e muxli). maT Soris, gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos mtkicebulebebze, romelTa safuZvelze sasamarTlom gaakeTa daskvna faqtis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb, agreTve faqtze, romelic sasamarTlom CaTvala dadgenilad. _ Tu sasamarTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba iseTi faqtis Sesaxeb, romelic registrirebuli unda iyos ama Tu im organoSi, maSin gadawyvetileba warmoadgens safuZvels aseTi registraciisaTvis da gaformebisaTvis. magaliTad, Tu gadawyvetilebiT dadgenilia qorwinebis, ganqorwinebis, gardacvalebis da a. S. registraciis faqti, sarmo-m registracia unda gaukeTos am faqts, radgan uSualod gadawyvetileba ver Secvlis gasacem dokuments. _ vinaidan iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gaxdes safuZveli Sesabamisi kompetenturi organoebis mier am gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili faqtis registraciisaTvis da gaformebisaTvis, samotivacio nawilis CamoyalibebasTan erTad Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs am gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Camoyalibebas, radgan faqtis registracia da Sesabamisi dokumentebis gaformeba swored gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis mixedviT unda moxdes. _ ssk-is XXXVI Tavi, romelic iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dadgenas eZRvneba, ar iTvaliswinebs am faqtebis dadgenis Taobaze gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis SesaZleblobas, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom am gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba ar SeiZleba. 49 amJamad mmros ewodeba „samoqalaqo reestris saagento“. 551 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeebs sasamarTlo ganixilavs ssk-iT dadgenili wesebiT, im cvlilebebisa da damatebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic dadgenilia am TaviT (311-e muxlis pirveli nawili). aqedan gamomdinare, gadawyvetileba iuridiuli faqtis Taobaze SeiZleba gasaCivrdes zemdgom sasamarTloSi. _ kanonis moTxovna, rom gadawyvetilebis saapelacio da sakasacio wesiT gasaCivreba SeuZliaT mxolod mxareebsa da mesame pirebs damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT, ver gavrceldeba udavo warmoebis wesiT gamotanil gadawyvetilebebze iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, radagan aseTi warmoebis dros aris mxolod ganmcxadebeli da ar arian mxareebi, mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT, Tanamonawileebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopasuxeebi). aqedan gamomdinare, iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba SeuZlia yvela dainteresebul pirs, romlebsac miaCniaT, rom am faqtis dadgeniT Seilaxa maTi ufleba. amasTan dakavSirebiT, erT-erT Tavis ganCinebaSi sakasacio sasamarTlom miuTiTa: _ Tu iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb dainteresebulma pirebma gaiges sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg, maT ufleba aqvT gaasaCivron es gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT, moiTxovon misi gauqmeba da saqmis saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva, Tu es gadawyvetileba jer kidev ar aris Sesuli kanonier ZalaSi. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gadawyvetileba Sesulia kanonier ZalaSi, dainteresebul pirebs, SeuZliaT mimarTon am gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos misi baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.50 50 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2002 w. 13 ivnisis gadawyvetileba, saqme #3k/681-02. dawvrilebiT ix. T.liluaSvili, v.xrustali. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtika udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb. g-ba „sani“. Tb. 2003. 552 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari T a v i XXXVI I moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiareba da moqalaqis gardacvlilad gamocxadeba muxli 317. gancxadebis Setana gancxadeba moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebisa an moqalaqis gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb Seitaneba sasamarTloSi dainteresebuli piris mier ganmcxadeblis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. _ samoqalaqo kodeqsis 21-e muxlis Tanaxmad, dainteresebuli piris gancxadebiT fizikuri piri SeiZleba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT aRiarebul iqnes ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad, Tu misi adgilsamyofeli ucnobia da ori wlis manZilze igi ar gamoCenila Tavis sacxovrebel adgilas. amave kodeqsis 22-e muxlis Tanaxmad, piri SeiZleba gamocxaddes gardacvlilad, Tu mis sacxovrebel adgilas xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi ar moipoveba cnobebi am piris adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb, agreTve, Tu igi ugzo-ukvlod daikarga iseT garemoebebSi, romelic mas sikvdils uqadda, anda savaraudoa misi daRupva raime ubeduri SemTxvevis gamo da aseTi cnobebi eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi ar moipoveba. kidev ufro Sekvecili vadebia, roca piri ugzo-ukvlod daikarga saomar pirobebSi. _ gancxadeba piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebis an gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb SeuZliaT Seitanon dainteresebulma pirebma, magram Tu vin iTvleba dainteresebul pirebad kanonSi miTiTebuli araa. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 21-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, kanoniT memkvidreebi moipoveben uflebas, 553 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ukvalod dakargulis qoneba marTon mindobili sakuTrebis saxiT, maT Soris, miiRon misgan sargebeli. am qonebidan miecema sarCo ugzo-ukvlod dakargulis rCenaze myof pirebs da daifareba valebi. piris gardacvlilad aRiarebis iuridiuli interesi SeiZleba hqondeT im pirebs, romlebsac SeuZliaT miiRon samkvidro qoneba memkvidreobiT (memkvidreebs). am pirebs, e. i. memkvidreebs SeuZliaT Seitanon gancxadeba rogorc piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargvis, ise misi gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom arc kanonismieri da arc anderZismieri memkvidreebi ar arsebobdnen, aseT SemTxvevaSi qoneba (umkvidro qoneba) gadadis xazinaze, aqedan gamomdinare, piris gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba SeiZleba Seitanos sasamarTloSi xazinam. _ gancxadeba Seitaneba sasamarTloSi ganmcxadeblis, e. i. dainteresebuli piris sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. muxli 318. gancxadebis Sinaarsi gancxadebaSi unda aRiniSnos, ra miznisaTvis sWirdeba ganmcxadebels moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiareba da misi gardacvlilad gamocxadeba, agreTve garemoebani, romlebiTac dasturdeba moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargva, anda romlebic ugzo-ukvlod dakarguls sikvdilis safrTxes uqmnidnen an safuZvels iZlevian misi daRupvis varaudisaTvis garkveuli ubeduri SemTxvevis Sedegad. _ mizani piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebisa, Tu misi gardacvlilad gamocxadebisa SeiZleba sxvadasxva iyos, rogoricaa: qonebis mindobili sakuTrebiT marTva, ganqorwineba, qonebis memkvidreobiT mi554 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Reba (memkvidreobis gaxsna), marCenalis sikvdilis gamo pensiis miReba da a. S. aRsaniSnavia, rom moqalaqis gamocxadeba gardacvlilad iwvevs igive iuridiul Sedegs, rasac moqalaqis gardacvaleba (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1122-e da 1319-e muxlebi). magram ugzo-ukvlod an gardacvlilad gamocxadebas ar SeiZleba miznad hqondes sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis devnis Sewyveta. _ gancxadebaSi garda miznisa, miTiTebuli unda iyos iseT garemoebaze, romlebic adastureben ugzo-ukvlod dakargvas an gardacvalebas. magaliTad, samisamarTo biuroebis uaryofiTi pasuxebi, aseTive uaryofiTi cnobebi misi adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb samuSao Tu bolo an savaraudo adgilebidan da a. S. Tu gancxadeba moiTxovs moqalaqis gardacvlilad aRiarebas, maSin miTiTebuli unda iyos garemoebebze, romlebic sikvdiliT emuqreboda moqalaqes, magaliTad, saaviacio Tu avtokatastrofebi, miwisZvra, wyaldidoba da a. S. (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 22-e muxli). muxli 319. mosamarTlis moqmedeba gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis saqmis momzadebisas mosamarTle gamoarkvevs, Tu romel pirebs SeuZliaT miawodon cnobebi dakargulis Sesaxeb, agreTve gamohkiTxavs saTanado organoebs dakarguli piris Sesaxeb misi ukanaskneli sacxovrebeli an samuSao adgilis mixedviT. _ ise rogorc udavo warmoebis wesiT gansaxilvel yvela saqmes, am kategoriis saqmeebsac winaswar amzadebs sasamarTlo gansaxilvelad. saqme isaa, rom moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadeba iwvevs metad seriozul samarTlebriv Sedegebs. amitom, sasamarTlos va555 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali raudi piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Taobaze unda emyarebodes iseT garemoebebs, romlebic qmnian maRali xarisxis varauds am faqtebis Sesaxeb. _ imisaTvis, rom es varaudi efuZnebodes sakmarisad utyuar safuZvels, sasamarTlom TviTon ganmcxadeblisagan unda gaigos, Tu visgan SeiZleba saWiro cnobebis miReba dakargulis Sesaxeb. amasTan erTad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT gamouZaxos da gamokiTxos im pirebs, an organizaciis TanamSromlebs, romlebTan erTad muSaobda dakarguli bolo dros. _ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom piri SeiZleba ganzrax gauCinardes im mizniT, raTa Tavidan aicilos sisxlis Tu samoqalaqo pasuxismgebloba, raime valdebulebebis Sesruleba da sxva. Tumca ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadeba ar warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis devnis Sewyvetis safuZvels. muxli 320. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba 1. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, romliTac moqalaqe aRiarebulia ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad, warmoadgens safuZvels imisaTvis, rom ugzo-ukvlod dakargulis qoneba mindobili sakuTrebis saxiT gadaeces samarTavad mis kanoniT memkvidree bs . 2. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, romliTac moqalaqe gamocxadebulia gardacvlilad, warmoadgens safuZvels imisaTvis, rom moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis registraciis organom Seitanos Canaweri am moqalaqis gardacvalebis Sesaxeb moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis registraciis wignSi. 556 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 1. moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebas ukavSirdeba mxolod erTi Sedegi: dakargulis qoneba mindobili sakuTrebis saxiT gadaecema samarTavad mis kanonier memkvidreebs. es imas niSnavs, rom, is, visac gadaeca dakargulis qoneba mindobili sakuTrebis saxiT, valdebulia daicvas samoqalaqo kodeqsis 725-729e muxlebis moTxovna. gamonaklisia mxolod is, rom aseT pirTan mindobis xelSekrulebis dadeba aRaraa saWiro, radgan sakuTrebis mimndobis rolSi gvevlineba sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebis ZaliT. _ cxadia, rom gadawyvetilebaSi naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos miTiTebuli, Tu ra qoneba da vis gadaeca igi samarTavad. gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba, e. i. am gadawyvetilebiT gaTvaliswinebuli qonebis gadacema mindobil mesakuTreze, unda moaxdinos aRmsrulebelma. 2. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba piris gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb warmoadgens safuZvels saxelmwifo reestris mwarmoebeli teritoriuli organos (sarmo) wignSi am piris gardacvalebis Sesaxeb Canaweris SetanisaTvis. amis Semdeg, am faqts ukavSirdeba yvela is Sedegi, rac piris gardacvalebas saerTod. muxli 321. ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebuli an gardacvlilad gamocxadebuli moqalaqis gamoCenis an misi adgilsamyofelis aRmoCenis Sedegebi ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebuli an gardacvlilad gamocxadebuli moqalaqis gamoCenis an misi adgilsamyofelis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo axali gadawyvetilebiT auqmebs Tavis winandel gadawyvetilebas. axali gadawyvetileba warmoadgens moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis re- 557 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali gistraciis wignSi gardacvalebis Sesaxeb Canaweris gauqmebis safuZvels. _ moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadeba yovelTvis efuZneba prezumfcias (varauds). amitom, es muxli uSvebs am varaudis gaqarwylebis SesaZleblobas. gaqarwyleba ki SeiZleba dakargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadebulis gamoCeniT an misi adgilsamyofelis aRmoCeniT. es unda dadasturdes utyuarad sasamarTlos winaSe TviTon am piris gamocxadebiT, an oficialuri cnobiT misi adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb. _ sasamarTlos gancxadebiT SeiZleba mimarTos im pirma, visi gancxadebiTac piri gamocxadda dakargulad an gardacvlilad, sxva dainteresebulma pirma (317-e muxli) da cxadia, TviTon im pirma, romelic gamocxadebuli iyo dakargulad an gardacvlilad. _ gancxadebis ganxilvis Semdeg sasamarTlos gamoaqvs axali gadawyvetileba (da ara ganCineba), romliTac auqmebs adre gamotanil gadawyvetilebas. es axali gadawyvetileba gadaecema sarmo-s, romelic mis safuZvelze auqmebs registraciis wignSi am piris gardacvalebis Sesaxeb Canawers, rac Tavis mxriv, iwvevs samoqalaqo kodeqsis 23-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul Sedegebs. _ ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebuli piris mimarT gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi, uqmdeba am piris qonebis mindobili sakuTrebis uflebiT sxva pirze samarTavad gadacema (samoq. kodeqsis me-20 muxlis me-2 nawili). _ saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdevineba warmoebs gancxadebaze udavo warmoebis saqmeTa aRZvris Sesaxeb. dakargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadebuli piris gamoCenis an misi adgilsamyofelis dadgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebiT xdeba ara udavo warmoebiT saqmis aRZvra, aramed adre ukve aRZruli da gadawyvetili saqmis ganaxleba. amitom, aseT gancxadebaze saxelmwifo baJis Setana saWiro araa. 558 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari T a v i XXXVIII moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad da qmeduunarod aRiareba muxli 322. gancxadebis Setana 1. saqme im moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb, romelic eZaleba alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebebs, ris gamoc Tavis ojaxs mZime materialur mdgomareobaSi ayenebs, SeiZleba aRZran misi ojaxis wevrebma an meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebma. 2. saqme fsiqikuri aSlilobis gamo moqalaqis qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba aRZran sasamarTloSi misi ojaxis wevrebma, kanonierma warmomadgenelma meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebma, agreTve fsiqiatriul-samkurnalo dawesebulebebma. 3. gancxadeba moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad an qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes sasamarTloSi am moqalaqis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, xolo Tu es piri moTavsebulia fsiqiatriul-samkurnalo dawesebulebaSi, maSin _ samkurnalo dawesebulebis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT. 1. SezRudul qmedunarianad iTvleba arasrulwlovani Svididan Tvramet wlamde, magram SezRudul qmedunarianad iTvleba agreTve srulwlovani, romelic sasamarTlom aRiara aseTad. am muxls mxedvelobaSi hyavs srulwlovanebi, romlebic eZalebian alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebas. SezRudul qmedunarianad piris aRiarebis Sesaxeb 559 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali sasamarTlos SeiZleba mimarTon am piris ojaxis wevrebma an meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebma. es CamonaTvali aris amomwuravi da misi gafarToeba dauSvebelia. saqme isaa, rom piri, romelic eZaleba alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebas, mZime materialur mdgomareobaSi ayenebs Tavis ojaxs. amitom, pirvel rigSi, misi ojaxis wevrebi unda iyvnen dainteresebuli am piris SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebiT. meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebma, praqtikulad SeiZleba mimarTon sasamarTlos gancxadebiT, rodesac aseT pirs ar hyavs ojaxSi srulwlovani wevri an maT mimarTaven TxovniT ojaxis wevrebi, Seutanon sasamarTloSi gancxadeba piris SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb. 2. yoveli srulwlovani piri iTvleba qmedunarianad, sanam misi qmeduunaroba araa aRiarebuli sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT (samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-12 muxli). _ garda ojaxis wevrebisa, kanonieri warmomadgenlebisa da meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebisa, fsiqikuri aSlilobis gamo moqalaqis qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb gancxadebiT sasamarTlos SeiZleba mimarTon fsiqiatriul-samkurnalo dawesebulebebma. es CamonaTvali aris amomwuravi, rac imas niSnavs, rom sxva pirisagan (organosagan) ar unda miiRos gancxadeba (186-e muxli). _ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTloSi gancxadeba Seaqvs ara ojaxis wevrs, an kanonier warmomadgenels aramed meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos, an fsiqiatriul-samkurnalo dawesebulebas, saqmis ganxilvaSi Cabmuli unda iqnes ojaxis srulwlovani wevrebi. _ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gancxadeba piris qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb Seaqvs arauflebamosil pirs (organos), sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos aseTi gancxadeba, xolo Tu SecdomiT miiRo, datovos igi ganuxilvelad (275-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti). 3. am muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs teritoriul 560 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari gansjadobas. gancxadeba piris SezRudul qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes am piris sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, xolo Tu es piri moTavsebulia fsiqiatriul dawesebulebaSi, maSin am dawesebulebis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT. gansjadobis aseTi wesi ganpirobebulia piris mimarT yvela saWiro faqtobrivi garemoebisa da mtkicebulebis ukeT Seswavlis, Semowmebisa da gamokvlevis interesebiT. muxli 323. gancxadebis Sinaarsi 1. gancxadebaSi moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb miTiTebul unda iqnes garemoebebze, romlebic adastureben, rom piri, romelic eZaleba alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebebs, mZime materialur mdgomareobaSi ayenebs Tavis ojaxs. 2. gancxadebaSi moqalaqis qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb unda aRiniSnos garemoebani, romlebic adastureben fsiqikur aSlilobas, ris gamoc mas ar SeuZlia Seignos Tavisi moqmedebis mniSvneloba an ganagos igi. 1. piris SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebisaTvis aucilebelia dadasturdes ara marto is, rom igi borotad iyenebs alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebas, aramed isic, rom amis gamo igi Tavis ojaxs mZime materialur mdgomareobaSi ayenebs. amitom, gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos ara marto iseT garemoebebze, romlebic adastureben aRniSnul garemoebebs, aramed gancxadebas Tan unda erTvodes mtkicebulebebic am garemoebaTa dasadastureblad (cnobebi samedicino dawesebulebebidan, saeqimo daskvnebi, mkurnalobis Sesaxeb cnobebi da a. S.). 561 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali _ Tu gancxadeba ar Seicavs miTiTebas am garemoebebze an Tu mas ar erTvis Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebi, sasamarTlom unda dauniSnos ganmcxadebels vada xarvezis Sesavsebad. Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, igi gamoitans ganCinebas gancxadebis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (185-e muxli). 2. gancxadeba moqalaqis qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb unda pasuxobdes aq miTiTebul moTxovnebs da mas unda erTvodes mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adastureben piris fsiqikur aSlilobas (amonaweri misi avadmyofobis istoriidan, cnobebi misi fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoSi mkurnalobis Sesaxeb, mowmeTa Cvenebebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturon piris iseTi saqcieli, romelic ar axasiaTebs jansaR adamians da a. S.). _ Tu gancxadeba ar pasuxobs am moTxovnebs, an mas Tan ar erTvis Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebi, sasamarTlo dauniSnavs vadas ganmcxadebels, Seavsos xarvezi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gamoitans ganCinebas gancxadebis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (185-e muxli). muxli 324. eqspertizis daniSvna moqalaqis fsiqikuri mdgomareobis gansazRvris mizniT Tu arsebobs sakmao cnobebi moqalaqis fsiqikuri aSlilobis Sesaxeb, ganmcxadebels ufleba aqvs saqmis momzadebis stadiaze sasamarTlos warudginos mis mier mowveuli fsiqiatriuli eqspertis daskvna am moqalaqis fsiqikuri mdgomareobis Taobaze. gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi, Tu piri, romlis mimarTac aRZrulia saqme misi qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb, aSkarad Tavs aridebs saeqsperto Semowmebas, ganmcxadeblis TxovniT, sasamarTlos Tavis sxdomaze fsiqiatris monawileobiT SeuZlia gam562 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari oitanos ganCineba fsiqiatriuli eqspertizisTvis moqalaqis iZulebiT gagzavnis Taobaze. _ es muxli uflebas aZlevs ganmcxadebels warudginos sasamarTlos mis mier mowveuli fsiqiatriuli eqspertizis daskvna. fsiqiatriuli eqspertiza SeuZlia daniSnos sasamarTlomac, oRond „ganmcxadeblis TxovniT“. sasamarTlos, aseve ganmcxadeblis TxovniT, SeuZlia daadginos agreTve fsiqiatriuli eqspertizaze im piris iZulebiT gagzavna, romlis mimarT aRZrulia saqme misi qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb, eqspertizis winaSe SeiZleba daisvas iseTi sakiTxebi, romlebic moiTxoven specialur codnas, kerZod, aris Tu ara piri fsiqikurad daavadebuli. magram am sakiTxis garkveva ar kmara, fsiqikuri aSliloba jer kidev ar niSnavs, rom pirs ar Seswevs unari sworad imoqmedos da angariSi gauwios Tavis moqmedebas. amitom, eqspertis w inaSe unda daisvas agreTve sakiTxi: a) aqvs Tu ara pirs unari Seignos Tavisi moqmedebis mniSvneloba (inteleqtualuri niSani); b) ixelmZRvanelos (ganagos) amiT (nebelobiTi niSani). am monacemebis safuZvelze daskvnas piris qmeduunarobis, rogorc iuridiuli cnebis, Sesaxeb akeTebs sasamarTlo Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi . fsiqiatriul eqspertizaze piris iZulebiTi gagzavna dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac es piri Tavs aridebs nebayoflobiT Semowmebas. ganCineba amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs fsiqiatrisa da policiis TanamSromelTa monawileobiT. muxli 325. gancxadebis ganxilva 1. saqmes moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganixilavs am moqalaqis da meurveobisa da 563 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali mzrunvelobis organos warmomadgenlis savaldebulo monawileobiT. 2. saqmes moqalaqis qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganixilavs meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos warmomadgenlis savaldebulo monawileobiT. moqalaqes, romelic aRiarebul unda iqnes qmeduunarod, daibareben sasamarTlo sxdomaze, Tu es SesaZlebelia misi janmrTelobis mdgomareobis mixedviT. 3. ganmcxadebeli moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad an qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb ganTavisuflebulia saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan. 1. piris SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebas win unda uswrebdes saqmis momzadeba. am mizniT, SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebul pirs unda gaegzavnos gancxadebisa da masze darTuli dokumentebis aslebi, gamoTxovil iqnes misgan werilobiTi mosazrebebi, gaegzavnos Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT saqmis mTavar sxdomaze misi SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb saqmis ganxilvisa da misi savaldebulo monawileobis Sesaxeb. Tu es piri ar gamocxaddeba sasamarTlo sxdomaze, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos gadawyvetileba saqmis masalebis mixedviT (da ara dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba). policiis meSveobiT am piris gamocxadebis uzrunvelyofa dauSvebelia. _ saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobis misaRebad mizanSewonilia mowveul iqnes (sasamarTlos iniciativiT) SezRudul qmeunarianad aRiarebuli piris ojaxis srulwlovani wevrebi. SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebul pirs eniSneba mzrunveli (326-e muxli). amitom, maTi monawileoba saqmis ganxilvaSi savaldebuloa, ris Sesaxebac unda 564 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ecnobos am organoebs kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (70-78e muxlebi); Tu, miuxedavad amisa, am organos warmomadgeneli ar gamocxaddeba daniSnul dRes sxdomaze, sasamarTlom unda gadados saqmis ganxilva da ganmeorebiT Seatyobinos mas da mis zemdgom organos, rom maTi monawileoba savaldebuloa. 2. qmeduunarod aRiarebul moqalaqes eniSneba meurve. amitom, am saqmis ganxilvisas aseve savaldebuloa meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos warmomadgenlis monawileoba, ris Sesaxebac droulad unda ecnobos am organos. Tu, miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxaddeba aRniSnuli organos warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlom unda gadados saqmis ganxilva da Seatyobinos amis Sesaxeb am organos da mis zemdgom organos, romlis zemoqmedebiTac unda moxdes aRniSnuli organos warmomadgenlis saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobis uzrunvelyofa. ganmeorebiT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlom unda ganixilos saqme. policiis meSveobiT meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos warmomadgenlis procesSi monawileobis uzrunvelyofa mizanSeuwonelia. 3. piri, romelmac Seitana gancxadeba (ganmcxadebeli) piris SezRudul qmedunarianad an qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb, ganTavisuflebulia rogorc saxelmwifo baJis, ise saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli sxva xarjebisagan. muxli 326. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gancxadebis gamo 1. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, romliTac moqalaqe aRiarebulia SezRudul qmedunarianad, warmoadgens safuZvels meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organosaTvis mzrunvelis dasaniSnavad. 2. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, romliTac moqalaqe aRiarebulia qmeduunarod, 565 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali warmoadgens safuZvels meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organosaTvis meurvis dasaniSnavad. 1. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi, romliTac piri aRiarebulia SezRudul qmedunarianad, miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom am pirs daeniSnos mzrunveli. mzrunvels niSnavs ara uSualod sasamarTlo, aramed meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1281-e muxlis pirveli nawili). kerZod, socialuri uzrunvelyofis adgilobrivi organo (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1278-e muxli). 2. qmeduunarod sasamarTlos mier aRiarebul pirs eniSneba meurve. gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlo valdebulia am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan araugvianes sami dRisa acnobos amis Sesaxeb meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos im piris sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, romelic saWiroebs meurves. meurvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iyos sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi, magram meurves niSnavs ara uSualod sasamarTlo, aramed meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1280-e muxli). _ sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod aRiarebuli pirisaTvis meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebad gvevlineba, _ janmrTelobis dacvis adgilobrivi organo (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1278-e muxli). muxli 327. SezRuduli qmedunarianobis gauqmeba da moqalaqis qmedunarianad aRiareba 1. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-14 muxlis me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos, TviT moqalaqis, misi mzrunvelis, ojaxis wevris gancxadebiT, gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba moqalaqis Sez566 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Rudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. 2. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-12 muxlis me-6 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos meurvis, fsiqiatriul-samkurnalo dawesebulebis, ojaxis wevris gancxadebiT, sasamarTlo-fsiqiatriuli eqspertizis daskvnis safuZvelze, gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba gamojanmrTelebuli piris qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze uqmdeba aRniSnul pirze dawesebuli meurveoba. 1. gancxadeba SezRuduli qmedunarianobis gauqmebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Seitanon am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlilma pirebma. gancxadebas Tan unda erTvodes mtkicebulebebi imis Sesaxeb, rom moqalaqe, romelic aRiarebuli iyo SezRudul qmedunarianad, ukve ganikurna. mtkicebulebebad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos cnobebi Sesabamisi samkurnalo dawesebulebebidan, mowmeTa Cvenebebi, ojaxis wevrTa axsna-ganmartebebi da sxva. 2. am muxlis meore nawiliT gansazRvrulia im pirTa wre, romlebsac SeuZliaT Seitanon sasamarTloSi gancxadeba adre qmeduunarod gamocxadebuli piris qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb. piris qmedunarianad aRiarebisaTvis aucilebelia sasamarTlo fsiqiatriuli eqspertizis daskvna. _ orive SemTxvevaSi, e. i. roca sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb, an moqalaqis qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb, ar xdeba adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, aramed xdeba saqmis ganaxleba. gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom uqmdeba moqalaqis SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiareba da masze mzrunveloba, an uqmdeba moqalaqis qmeduunarod aRiareba da masze meurveobis daweseba. 567 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XXXIX dakargul an ganadgurebul sawarmdgenlo fasian qaRaldsa da saordero fasian qaRaldze uflebis aRdgena (gamowveviTi warmoeba) muxli 328. gancxadebis Setana 1. pirs, sawarmdgenlo fasiani qaRaldis an saordero fasiani qaRaldis dakargvis an ganadgurebisas, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos dakarguli an ganadgurebuli fasiani qaRaldis Zaladakargulad gamocxadeba da maTze uflebis aRdgena. 2. gancxadeba Setanil unda iqnes sasamarTloSi am muxlSi miTiTebuli sabuTis gamcemi dawesebulebis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT. 1. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 918-e muxli iTvaliswinebs fasiani qaRaldis gamocxadebas Zaladakargulad. amis Sesabamisad, es muxli gansazRvravs sawarmdgenlo fasiani qaRaldis (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 911-e muxli) da saordero fasiani qaRaldis (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 926e muxli) dakargvis an ganadgurebis SemTxvevaSi maT baTilad cnobas, Zaladakargulad gamocxadebas da maTze uflebis aRdgenas,51 rac ganixileba udavo warmoebis wesiT (311-e muxli). _ fasiani qaRaldis gamomSvebi (emitenti) valdebulia ganmcxadebels miawodos cnobebi, romlebic aucilebelia sasamarTlosaTvis am gancxadebis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 918-e muxlis me-2 nawili). 51 ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meoTxe, t.(Tb.,2001,gv.250-270. 568 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari _ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac fasiani qaRaldis gamomSvebi (emitenti) ar asrulebs am movaleobas da ar awodebs saWiro cnobebs ganmcxadebels, maSin mas SeuZlia ssk 103-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad (ix. am muxlis komentari), iSuamdgomlos sasamarTlos winaSe, raTa man gamoiTxovos es cnobebi. _ fasiani qaRaldebi sxvadasxva saxisaa. sasamarTlos wesiT uflebis aRdgena dasaSvebia mxolod sawarmdgenlo da saordero fasian qaRaldze. sawarmdgenlo fasiani qaRaldi iseTi dokumentia, romelSic araa miTiTebuli is konkretuli piri, romelsac gaaCnia moTxovnis ufleba. amitom, aseTi ufleba warmoeSoba nebismier pirs, vinc warmoadgens fasian qaRalds. rac Seexeba saordero fasian qaRalds, igi gamoiwereba gansazRvrul pirze, magram imis miTiTebiT, rom qaRaldSi gamoxatuli moTxovnis ufleba aqvs ara marto mis pirvel mflobels, aramed garkveuli pirobebis dacviT, nebismier sxva pirs.52 rac Seexeba fasiani qaRaldebis iseT saxeobas, rogoricaa piradi fasiani qaRaldi, igi gansazRvruli piris saxelze Sedgenili dokumentia da mxolod am pirs aqvs moTxovnis ufleba. es imas niSnavs, rom sxvisTvis aseTi uflebis gadacema, an qaRaldSi gamoxatuli moTxovnis miReba praqtikulad gamoricxulia. miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 928-e muxlis me-3 nawili iTvaliswinebs, rom Tu piradi fasiani qaRaldi `dakarguli an ganadgurebulia, maSin igi gansakuTrebuli (udavo) warmoebis gziT Zaladakargulad gamocxaddeba, Tu ki sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli. es wesi ar moqmedebs mcire Rirebulebis mqone dokumentebis dakargvisas~. samoqalaqo kodeqsis am danawesidan gamomdinare, ssk-is XXXIX Tavi saWiroebs garkveul dazustebas, magram sanam aseTi dazusteba moxdebodes, sasamarTlo52 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meoTxe, t.II, Tb.,2001,gv.251 569 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ebma unda miiRon gansaxilvelad udavo warmoebis wesiT piradi fasiani qaRaldis Zaladakargulad gamocxadebis (baTilad cnobis) Sesaxeb gancxadeba. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs gansjadobas: gancxadeba dakarguli an ganadgurebuli sawarmdgenlo, saordero an pirad fasian qaRaldze SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes sasamarTloSi am fasiani qaRaldis gamcemi dawesebulebis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT, romlis misamarTi miTiTebul unda iqnes gancxadebaSi. muxli 329. gancxadebis Sinaarsi gancxadebaSi unda aRiniSnos dakarguli an ganadgurebuli sabuTis ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi, sabuTis gamcemi dawesebulebis saxelwodeba, agreTve sabuTis dakargvis garemoebani. _ garda yvela im savaldebulo monacemebisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes sasamarTloSi warsadgeni gancxadeba, am gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) dakarguli (ganadgurebuli) sabuTis ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi (sabuTis nomeri, misi gacemis TariRi, Tanxis odenoba da a. S.); b) sabuTis gamcemi dawesebulebis zusti saxelwodeba da misamarTi; g) garemoebebi, romelTa gamo, an romelTa arsebobis pirobebSi moxda sabuTis dakargva Tu ganadgureba; d) ganmcxadeblis moTxovna sabuTis Zaladakargulad (baTilad) gamocxadebis da masze uflebis aRdgenis, agreTve am sabuTiT yovelgvari gadaxdisa da gacemis akrZalvis Sesaxeb. _ ganmcxadebelma ar icis vis xelSia dakarguli fasiani qaRaldi. es rom icodes, mas SeeZlo Semoetana ara gancxadeba, aramed sarCeli. amitom, mas ar moeTxoveba miuTiTos dakarguli sabuTis xelTmqonis misamarTi. _ ganmcxadebelma unda daurTos Tavis gancxadebas Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebi, xolo fasiani qaRaldis 570 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari gamcemi, Tavis mxriv, valdebulia miawodos mas yvela is sabuTi, rac saWiro iqneba sasamarTlosaTvis (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 918-e muxlis me-2 nawili). xSirad, fasiani qaRaldis gamcemi dawesebulebebi ar iZlevian aseT cnobebs sasamarTlos mimarTvis gareSe. es unda gaiTvaliswinon sasamarTloebma gancxadebis miRebis dros. amasTan erTad, Tu gancxadebas aqvs iseTi xarvezi, romlis Sevsebac ganmcxadebels SeuZlia, sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ganCineba da daniSnos vada am xarvezis Sesavsebad. Tu ganmcxadebeli ar Seavsebs xarvezs am vadaSi, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas gancxadebis warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (185-e muxli). muxli 330. mosamarTlis moqmedeba gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg 1. mosamarTle gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg gamoitans ganCinebas sabuTis gamcemi dawesebulebisaTvis (pirisaTvis) am sabuTiT yovelgvari gadaxdisa da gacemis warmoebis akrZalvis, agreTve ganmcxadeblis xarjze adgilobriv presaSi publikaciis Sesaxeb. 2. aseTi ganCinebis gamotanaze uari SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT. 1. gancxadebis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg sasamarTlo amzadebs saqmes gansaxilvelad, risTvisac is asrulebs yvela saWiro saproceso moqmedebas. pirveli, rac unda gaakeTos sasamarTlom gancxadebis miRebisTanave _ esaa ganCinebis miReba sabuTis gamcemi pirisaTvis am sabuTiT yovelgvari gadaxdisa da gacemis warmoebis akrZalvis Sesaxeb. am ganCinebis ase swrafad miRebis aucilebloba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom Tavi- 571 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali dan iqnas acilebuli gadaxdisa da gacemis aramarTlzomierad warmoebis SesaZlebloba. 2. sasamarTlos SeuZlia uari uTxras ganmcxadebels gadaxdisa da gacemis warmoebis akrZalvaze, magram ganmcxadebels SeuZlia am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana (414-420-e muxlebi). muxli 331. publikacia publikacia unda Seicavdes: a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelSic Setanilia gancxadeba sabuTis dakargvis Sesaxeb; b) ganmcxadeblis dasaxelebasa da mis sacxovrebel adgils; g) sabuTis dasaxelebasa da ganmasxvavebel niSnebs; d) winadadebas im sabuTis xelTmqonis mimarT, romlis dakargvis Sesaxebac Setanilia gancxadeba, rom man publikaciis dRidan sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi Seitanos gancxadeba sasamarTloSi am sabuTze Tavisi uflebis Sesaxeb. _ publikacia savaldebuloa da unda Secavdes yvela im monacems, romlebic am muxlSia miTiTebuli. _ publikaciis savaldebuloba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom sasamarTlo ver ganixilavs gancxadebas da ver gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, sanam ar gava sami Tve publikaciidan. am sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi, sabuTis xelTmqonem unda ganacxados publikaciaSi miTiTebul sabuTze Tavisi uflebis Sesaxeb. Tu am vadaSi aseTi gancxadeba Semova, saqme SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes saerTo sasarCelo wesiT (333-e muxli). _ publikacia SeiZleba moxdes adgilobriv presaSi. 572 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 332. sabuTis xelTmqonis gancxadeba im sabuTis xelTmqone, romlis dakargvis Sesaxebac gancxadebulia, valdebulia publikaciis dRidan 3 Tvis vadis gasvlamde ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi Seitanos gancxadeba sabuTze Tavisi uflebis Sesaxeb da amasTan erTad waradginos sabuTis dedanic. _ sabuTis xelTmqonis arc vinaoba da arc misamarTi cnobili araa. amitom, misi dabareba (gamoZaxeba) ssk-is 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT ver moxerxdeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi presis saSualebiT sabuTis xelTmqonis gamoZaxeba, misi uflebis dacvis mniSvnelovani garantiaa: mas SeuZlia publikaciidan sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi Seitanos sasamarTloSi gancxadeba sabuTze Tavisi uflebis Sesaxeb. _ am muxlSi miTiTebulia sabuTis dedanze, romelic sabuTis xelTmqonem unda daurTos Tavis gancxadebas, magram dasaSvebia am sabuTis aslis darTvac, im pirobiT, rom dedani mogvianebiT iqneba warmodgenili mis mier. _ am muxlSi miTiTebuli samTviani vadis dena iwyeba ara sasamarTlos mier publikaciis Sesaxeb ganCinebis miRebidan, aramed publikaciis gazeTSi gamoqveynebis dRidan. muxli 333. mosamarTlis moqmedeba sabuTis xelTmqonisagan gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg 1. Tu sabuTis xelTmqonem publikaciis dRidan 3 Tvis vadis gasvlamde Seitana sasamarTloSi gancxadeba, sasamarTlo gancxadebas sabuTis dakargvis Sesaxeb sasa573 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali marTlo ganuxilvelad datovebs da daadgens vadas, romlis ganmavlobaSic sabuTis gamcem dawesebulebas (pirs) aukrZalavs awarmoos am sabuTiT gadaxda da gacema. es vada ar SeiZleba aRematebodes 2 Tves. 2. imavdroulad sasamarTlo ganumartavs ganmcxadebels mis uflebas aRZras sarCeli sabuTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb saerTo wesiT im piris mimarT, visac xelTa aqvs sabuTi, xolo am ukanasknels _ mis uflebas gadaaxdevinos ganmcxadebels zarali, rac gamowveulia akrZalvis RonisZiebiT. sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. 1. sabuTis xelTmqonis mier sasamarTloSi gancxadebis droulad Setana am sabuTze misi uflebis Sesaxeb, warmoadgens ganmcxadeblis mier Semotanili gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis safuZvels, ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. amave ganCinebiT sasamarTlo gansazRvravs vadas ara umetes ori Tvisa, romlis ganmavlobaSi aikrZaleba am sabuTiT gadaxda da gacema. aq mocemulia maqsimaluri vada. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos ufro Semcirebulia vada. 2. garda zemoaRniSnulisa, ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) ganmcxadeblis ufleba aRZras sarCeli sabuTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb saerTo wesiT im piris winaaRmdeg, visac xelT aqvs es sabuTi; b) sabuTis xelTmqonis ufleba, moiTxovos ganmcxadeblisagan im zaralis anazRaureba, rac gamowveuli iyo am sabuTiT gadaxdisa da gacemis aramarTlzomierad akrZalviT; g) sabuTis gamcemi dawesebulebis gafrTxileba, rom, Tu igi, miuxedavad akrZalvisa, mainc moaxdens am sabuTiT gadaxdas, mas daekisreba materialuri pasuxismgebloba im piris mimarT, romelic sasamarTlom aRiara dakarguli sabuTis mesakuTred. 574 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari sarCeli, Tu igi iqneba wardgenili, unda aRiZras saerTo wesiT da maT Soris, gansjadobis dacviT, e. i. igi unda aRiZras ara sabuTis gamcemi dawesebulebis, aramed mopasuxis sacxovrebeli (adgilsamyofeli) adgilis mixedviT. _ sasamarTlos ganCinebaze gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (414-420-e muxlebi). muxli 334. saqmis daniSvna gansaxilvelad saqmes dakarguli sabuTebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganixilavs publikaciis dRidan 3 Tvis vadis gasvlis Semdeg, Tu sabuTis xelTmqonisagan ar Semovida 332-e muxlSi miTiTebuli gancxadeba. _ samTviani vadis gamoTvla iwyeba ara im dRidan, roca sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba publikaciis Sesaxeb (330-e muxli), aramed publikaciis dRidan. publikaciis dRed iTvleba im gazeTis gamoSvebis dRe (ricxvi), romelSiac es publikaciaa moTavsebuli. _ publikaciidan samTviani vadis gasvla aris gancxadebis ganxilvis dasaSvebobis piroba. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu sabuTis xelTmqonis mier gancxadeba Semovida mas Semdeg, rac sasamarTlom daniSna saqmis ganxilva, an am saqmis ganxilvamde da gadawyvetamde, sasamarTlom, miuxedavad amisa, mainc ganuxilvelad unda datovos gancxadeba da urCios ganmcxadebels aRZras sarCeli saerTo wesiT (333-e muxli). 575 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 335. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gancxadebis gamo ganmcxadeblis Txovnis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gamoitans gadaw yvetilebas, romliTac Zaladkargulad ga moacxadebs dakargul sabuTs. es gadayvetile ba uflebas aZlevs ganmcxadebels, miiRos anabari an axali sabuTi Zaladakargulad gamocxadebuli sabuTis nacvlad. _ publikaciis dRidan sami Tvis vadis gasvlis Semdeg sabuTis xelTmqonisagan gancxadebis Semoutanloba warmoSobs varauds (prezumfcias), rom dakarguli sabuTi marTlac ekuTvnis ganmcxadebels. am varaudis gasaqarwyleblad sasamarTlom mizanSewonilia gamouZaxos sasamarTlo sxdomaze da mousminos sabuTis gamcemi dawesebulebis warmomadgenels, rac SeiZleba gulmodgined Seamowmos saqmeSi arsebuli masalebi, TviTon ganmcxadeblis axsna-ganmarteba. _ im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs gancxadebas, e. i. gamoacxadebs sabuTs Zaladakargulad (baTilad), igi gamoitans amis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas, romelic kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg warmoadgens axali sabuTis (axali sawarmdgenlo, saordero Tu piradi fasiani qaRaldis) gacemis safuZvels. muxli 336. sabuTis xelTmqonis ufleba, aRZras sarCeli qonebis usafuZvlod SeZenis Sesaxeb sabuTis xelTmqones, romelsac raime mizeziT droulad ar ganucxadebia Tavisi ufleba am sabuTze, dakarguli sabuTis Zaladakargulad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli 576 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari qonebis usafuZvlod SeZenis an dazogvis Taobaze im piris mimarT, romelsac mieniWa dakargulis nacvlad axali sabuTis miRebis ufleba“. _ es muxli gansazRvravs sabuTis xelTmqonis uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis dacvis wess im SemTxvevaSi, roca gadawyvetileba mis xelT arsebuli dokumentis Zaladakargulad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb Sevida kanonier ZalaSi. xolo manamde Tavisi ufleba am sabuTze mas, ama Tu im mizezis gamo, ar ganucxadebia. aseT SemTxvevaSi mas SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli im piris mimarT, visac mieniWa axali sabuTis miRebis ufleba, qonebis usafuZvlo SeZenis an dazogvis gamo. _ aseTi gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde sabuTis xelTmqones unda mieces ufleba gaasaCivros igi saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT. 577 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XL qonebis upatronod cnoba muxli 337. gancxadebis Setana gancxadeba qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb sasamarTloSi Seaqvs im pirs, romelic daeufla qonebas fizikuri piris sacxovrebeli adgilis an iuridiuli piris adgilsamyofelis mixedviT. _ am TavSi igulisxmeba mxolod moZravi nivTebis upatronod cnoba, radgan mitovebul (`upatrono~) uZrav nivTze sakuTrebis uflebas iZens mxolod saxelmwifo. _ gancxadeba qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Seitanos im pirma, romelic daeufla qonebas, anu romelic faqtiurad flobs upatrono qonebas. qonebas SeiZleba daeuflos da, Sesabamisad, gancxadebiT SeiZleba mimarTos sasamarTlos, rogorc fizikurma, ise iuridiulma pirma. gancxadeba Setanili unda iqnes ganmcxadeblis sacxovrebeli adgilis miexdviT, xolo Tu ganmcxadebeli iuridiuli piria _ misi adgilsamyofelis mixedviT. muxli 338. gancxadebis Sinaarsi qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb gancxadebaSi miTiTebul unda iqnes: romeli qoneba unda iyos cnobili upatronod; rogoria am qonebis ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi, mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adastureben mesakuTris mier qonebis mitovebas am qonebaze sakuTrebis uflebis SenarCunebis ganzraxvis gareSe; agreTve mtkicebuleba imis Taobaze, rom ganmcxadebeli da- 578 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari eufla iseT qonebas, romlis miTvisebac kanoniT ar ikrZaleba da ar irRveva im piris uflebebi, romelsac am nivTis miTvisebis ufleba hqonda. gancxadebis Sinaarsi bevradaa ganpirobebuli samoqalaqo kodeqsis 190-e muxlis danawesiT. am muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu piri mflobelobaSi iRebs upatrono moZrav nivTs, igi iZens sakuTrebas nivTze, Tu misi miTviseba araa akrZaluli kanoniT (magaliTad, narkotikuli nivTiereba, iaraRi da a. S.). moZravi nivTi upatronod iTvleba, Tu uwindeli mesakuTre sakuTrebaze uaris Tqmis mizniT nivTis mflobelobas miatovebs. _ aqedan gamomdinare, gancxadebaSi sxva monacemebTan erTad miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) qonebis ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi; b) mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adastureben mesakuTris mier qonebis mitovebas, am qonebaze sakuTrebis uflebis SenarCunebis ganzraxvis gareSe (magaliTad, satransporto saSualebis, sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis quCaSi an mindvrad mitoveba); g) mtkicebuleba imis Sesaxeb, rom am qonebis (nivTis) miTviseba araa akrZaluli kanoniT. mtkicebulebebi, romlebzec miTiTebulia gancxadebaSi, Tan unda erTvodes am gancxadebas. _ Tu gancxadebas aqvs xarvezi, sasamarTlom unda misces ganmcxadebels vada misi SevsebisaTvis. Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, sasamarTlom gancxadeba ar unda miiRos warmoebaSi (185-e muxli). am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. muxli 339. publikacia gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg sasamarTlo adgilobriv gazeTSi aqveynebs cnobas, romelic unda Seicavdes: a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac unda miiRos gadawyvetileba qonebis upat579 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ronod gamocxadebis Sesaxeb; b) ganmcxadeblis vinaobas; g) im qonebis aRweras, romelic upatronod unda gamocxaddes; d) moTxovnas im pirTa mimarT, romelTac SeiZleba hqondeT pretenzia qonebaze, romelic upatronod unda gamocxaddes, raTa maT ganacxadon sasamarTloSi TavianTi uflebebis Sesaxeb 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi dRidan publikaciisa. _ publikacia savaldebuloa da igi unda Seicavdes yvela im monacems, romlebic am muxlSia miTiTebuli. gancxadebis ganxilva da gadawyvetilebis miReba dasaSvebia mxolod publikaciidan sami Tvis gasvlis Semdeg. samTviani vadis gamoTvla iwyeba publikaciis gazeTSi gamoqveynebis dRidan. publikacia SeiZleba adgilobriv gazeTSi gamoqveyndes. _ publikacia unda Seicavdes moTxovnas im pirTa mimarT, romelTac SeiZleba hqondeT pretenzia qonebaze, romelic upatronod unda gamocxaddes, raTa maT ganacxadon sasamarTloSi TavianTi uflebis Sesaxeb sami Tvis vadaSi dRidan publikaciisa. muxli 340. qonebaze uflebis sasarCelo wesiT dacva 1. Tu 339-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul vadaSi sasamarTloSi Semova gancxadeba qonebaze uflebis Sesaxeb, maSin sasamarTlo Tavis ganCinebiT ganuxilvelad tovebs gancxadebas qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb da winadadebiT mimarTavs ganmcxadebels, aRZras aRiarebiTi sarCeli im piris mimarT, romelmac ganacxada Tavisi ufleba qonebaze. 2. Tu daniSnuli vadis gasvlamde sasa580 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari marTloSi ar Semova gancxadeba qonebaze uflebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlo ganixilavs saqmes da gamohkiTxavs im pirebs, romelTac SeuZliaT cnobebis miwodeba qonebis kuTvnilebis Sesaxeb, agreTve gamoiTxovs cnobebs Sesabamisi organoebidan. 1. sasamarTlo ganuxilvelad datovebs gancxadebas udavo warmoebis wesiT, qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb Tu publikaciis Sedegad piri ganacxadebs Tavis uflebas am qonebaze. ganmcxadebels SeuZlia aseT SemTxvevaSi aRZras aRiarebiTi sarCeli (ssk-is 180-e muxli), romelic ganixileba saerTo wesis dacviT. 2. Tu publikaciis Sedegad aravin ar ganacxadebs Tavis pretenzias qonebaze, maSin sasamarTlo ganixilavs gancxadebas udavo warmoebis wesiT. saqmis momzadebis mizniT sasamarTlom unda gaarkvios Tu vis SeuZlia miawodos cnobebi qonebis kuTvnilebis Sesaxeb da gamouZaxos da gamokiTxos isini sasamarTlo sxdomaze. muxli 341. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba Tu sasamarTlo cnobs, rom qonebas ara hyavs mesakuTre, an es qoneba mitovebulia mesakuTris mier im ganzraxvis gareSe, rom SeinarCunos am qonebaze sakuTrebis ufleba, mas gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba moZravi qonebis upatronod cnobisa da misi im piris sakuTrebaSi gadacemis Sesaxeb, romelic daeufla am qonebas. _ imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom gamoitanos gadawyvetileba, ori mTavari da ZiriTadi garemoeba unda daaginos: pirveli _ qonebas ar hyavs mesakuTre, e. i. ver dadginda, Tu vinaa mesakuTre; meore _ qoneba mitove581 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali bulia mesakuTris mier im ganzraxvis gareSe, rom SeinarCunos am qonebaze sakuTrebis ufleba, e. i. uwindelma mesakuTrem miatova nivTze mflobeloba sakuTrebaze uaris Tqmis mizniT.@ 53 erT-erTi garemoebis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gamoitans gadawyvetilebas moZravi qonebis upatronod cnobisa da misi ganmcxadeblis (e. i. im piris, romelic daeufla qonebas) sakuTrebaSi gadacemis Sesaxeb. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac arcerTi zemoT miTiTebuli garemoeba ar dadasturdeba, sasamarTlo gamoitans gadawyvetilebas gancxadebis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, anu qonebis upatronod cnobaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. 53 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meore, Tb., 1999, gv. 125 582 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari T a v i XLI sawarmosa da kavSiris registracia amoRebulia muxli 342-348 amoRebulia T a v i XLII Svilad ayvana muxli 349. gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb Seitaneba sasamarTloSi mSvileblis an Svilad asayvanis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. _ administraciuli wesiT Svilad ayvanis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas daSvebulma uxeSma Secdomebma ganapiroba am uaRresad mniSvnelovani sakiTxis sasamarTlo wesiT gadawyvetis aucilebloba. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1242-e muxlis Tanaxmad, amieridan Svilad ayvanis sakiTxs ganixilavs sasamarTlo, riTac mniSvnelovnad gaZlierda rogorc Svilad asayvanis, ise mSvileblis interesebis dacvis garantiebi. _ es muxli gansazRvravs alternatiul gansjadobas: gancxadeba SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi rogorc mSvileblis, ise Svilad asayvanis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. arCevanis ufleba aqvs ganmcxadebels. _ gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb SeiZleba sasamarTloSi Seitanos nebismierma srulwlovanma da qmedunarianma pirma, garda im pirisa: a) romelsac CamorTmeuli aqvs mSoblis ufleba; b) adre hyavda naSvilebi, magram Svileba gauqmda mis mier mSvileblis movaleobis arajerovnad Sesrulebis gamo; g) romelsac 583 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali avadmyofobis, moraluri an sxva piradi Tvisebis gamo ar SeuZlia ganaxorcielos mSoblis uflebebi (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1245-e muxli). im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac bavSvi Svilad ahyavs ara orive, aramed erT-erT meuRles, saWiroa meore meuRlis Tanxmoba. muxli 350. gancxadebis Sinaarsi 1. gancxadebaSi Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iyos monacemebi Svilad asayvanisa da mSvileblis (mSvileblebis) Sesaxeb, agreTve garemoebebi, romlebic adastureben, rom Svileba xdeba bavSvis keTildReobisa da interesebisaTvis. 2. gancxadebas Tan unda erTodes: a) meuRlis Tanxmoba, roca bavSvi Svilad ahyavs erT-erT meuRles; b) gasaSvilebeli bavSvis mSoblebis Tanxmoba; g) meurvis (mzrunvelis) Tanxmoba im bavSvis Svilad ayvanaze, romelic meurveobaSia, Tu mas mSoblebi ara hyavs; d) amoRebulia; 3. sasamarTlos, ganmcxadeblis TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia gamoiTxovos saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone mtkicebulebebi, agreTve ganixilos saqme daxurul sasamarTlo sxdomaze. _ Svilad ayvana dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is Seesabameba bavSvis keTildReobasa da interesebs da mosalodnelia, rom mSvilebelsa da naSvilebs Soris warmoiSoba iseTive urTierToba, rogoric mSobelsa da naSvilebs Soris.54 54 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari. wigni mexuTe. Tb. 2000, gv. 244 584 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 1. aqedan gamomdinare, am muxlis pirveli nawili moiTxovs, rom gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli iyos mSvileblisa da Svilad asayvanis Sesaxeb monacemebi, kerZod, mSvileblis (mSvileblebis) daxasiaTeba misi samuSao adgilidan, agreTve masTan erT saxlSi mcxovrebi pirebisagan, romlebic Seicaven cnobebs Svilad amyvanis moralur-zneobrivi da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebis mosazreba mis Sesaxeb, rac am organoebis daskvnaSi iqneba Camoyalibebuli da a.S. 2. gancxadebis gansaxilvelad miRebis erT-erTi winapirobaa sasamarTloSi im sabuTebis warmodgena, romlebic CamoTvlilia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi. es sabuTebi Tan unda erTvodes gancxadebas. _ samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1242-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gamoitanos sasamarTlom mxolod meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos daskvnis miRebis Semdeg. es daskvna SeiZleba Seicavdes mSvileblis daxasiaTebasac, agreTve garemoebebs, romlebic adastureben, rom Svileba xdeba bavSvis interesebisaTvis. amave daskvnaSi unda iyos am organoebis Tanxmoba gaSvilebaze, rac saWiroa mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gasaSvilebeli meurveobaSia da mas ar hyavs mSoblebi. _ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoeba, rom mSoblebs SeuZliaT gaSvilebaze Tanxmoba ganacxadon mSvileblis (konkretuli piris) miuTiTeblad. mSvileblis SerCeva maT SeuZliaT miandon meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1251-e muxli). 3. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvisas Zlier SezRudulia SejibrebiTobis principis moqmedeba, radgan aq ar gvyavs urTierTdapirispirebuli, modave mxareebi. amitom, aq ar gvaqvs WeSmaritebis dadgenis is garantiebi, romlebic sasarCelo warmoebis dros aris . am xarvezis Sevseba xdeba sasamarTlos aqtiuri roliT, romelsac SeuZlia ara marto ganmcxadeblis Txov585 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali niT, aramed Tavisi iniciativiT gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi, gamoitanos ganCineba saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb, Tu es misi azriT ufro mizanSewonilia. muxli 351. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba 1. Tu sasamarTlo cnobs, rom Svilad ayvana Seesabameba Svilad asayvanis interesebs da emsaxureba mis keTildReobas, gamoitans gadawyvetilebas Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb, romelic ganmcxadeblis TxovniT sajarod ar gamocxaddeba. 2. sasamarTlo Tavis gadawyvetilebas Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb misi kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis dRidan erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi registraciisaTvis gadaugzavnis moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis registraciis am gadawyvetilebis gamotanis adgilis mixedviT. 3. Svilad ayvana namdvilia sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis dRidan. 1. gadawyvetilebas Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gamoitans mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqmeSi arsebuli masalebi safuZvels aZlevs sasamarTlos dadasturebulad CaTvalos, rom Svileba (Svilad ayvana) namdvilad Seesabameba gasaSvilebeli bavSvis keTildReobasa da interesebs. _ kanonmdebloba icavs Svilad ayvanis saidumloebas da iTvaliswinebs meqanizmebs am saidumloebis dacvis uzrunvelsayofad, kerZod, Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb cnobebis gavrceleba iwvevs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 175-e muxli), gadawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb mSvi586 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari leblis TxovniT sajarod ar gamocxaddeba, Svilad ayvanis konfidencialurobis uzrunvelsayofad SeiZleba Seicvalos naSvilebi bavSvis dabadebis adgili, Tve da ricxvi da a. S. 2. gadawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb kanonier ZalaSi Sedis ssk 264-e muxliT dadgenil vadebSi da wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari). _ gadawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb registrirebul, unda iqnes samoqalaqo reestris saagentoSi am gadawyvetilebis gamotanis adgilis mixedviT. amitom, gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, sasamarTlom mSvileblis TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT unda gadaugzavnos igi samoqalaqo reestris saagentoSi. 3. gadawyvetilebis registracia savaldebuloa. es imas niSnavs, rom Svilad ayvana warmoSobs uflebebsa da movaleobebs registraciis SemTxvevaSi, magram es uflebebi da movaleobebi warmoiSoba ara registraciis momentidan, aramed gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis dRidan. 587 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XLII1 dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena muxli 3511. dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis wesi dakarguli saqmis warmoeba SeiZleba aRdgenil iqnes mxareTa gancxadebiT. saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi SeiZleba daikargos sxvadasxva subieqturi Tu obieqturi mizezebisa gamo (gaqurdva, xanZari, wyaldidoba da a.S.) saqmis warmoebis dakargvis gamo ki mxareebma SeiZleba veRar isargeblon saqmeSi arsebuli sasamarTlo aqtebiT, magaliTad, veRar miiRon saaRsrulebo furceli, veRar gaasaCivron sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba Tu ganCineba da a.S. aqedan gamomdinare, maT eZleva SesaZlebloba moiTxovon dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena. dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis obieqtad gvevlineba dakarguli saqmis warmoeba, romelzec gamotanili iyo sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba an ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena sxva saproceso dokumentebis aRdgenis mizniT dauSvebelia (ix.momdevno muxlebis komentari). subieqtebad anu pirebad, romlebsac aqvT ufleba moiTxovon dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena, gvevlinebian mxareebi (mesame pirebi damoukidebeli moTxovniT, uflebamonacvleebi, Tanamonawileebi, kanonieri warmomadgenlebi). muxli 3512. gancxadebis Setana gansjad sasamarTloSi gancxadeba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes im sasamarT588 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari loSi an mis uflebamonacvlesTan, romelmac gamoitana dakargul saqmeze gadawyvetileba an (ganCineba) am saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. Tu dakarguli saqmis warmoeba ar aris damTavrebuli, gancxadeba Seitaneba im sasamarTloSi, romlis warmoebaSic aris es saqme. es muxli gansazRvravs sasamarTlos gansjadobas: gancxadeba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb Setanili unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romelSic mimdinareobda am dakarguli saqmis warmoeba da romelmac daamTavra am saqmis warmoeba gadawyvetilebis gamotaniT an ganCinebiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. Tu dakarguli saqmis warmoeba damTavrebuli ar iyo an damTavrebuli iyo ganCinebiT sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (278-e muxli), aseTi saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadeba ar unda miiRos sasamarTlom, vinaidan mxares SeuZlia aRZras igive sarCeli. es daskvna pirdapir gamomdinareobs am muxlis pirveli winadadebidan romelSiac miTiTebulia sasamarTloze „romelmac gamoitana dakargul saqmeze gadawyvetileba an ganCineba am saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb“. am muxls mxedvelobaSi aqvs sasamarTlo da ara sasamarTlos igive Semadgenloba. ufro metic, SeiZleba igive sasamarTlo aRarc arsebobs, rac savsebiT dasaSvebia sasamarTlo reformis Tu reorganizaciis pirobebSi, magram es arafers ar niSnavs: gancxadeba SeiZleba Setanil iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romelic „uflebamonacvled“ gvevlineba. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu saqme awarmova da Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba an ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb gamoitana magaliTad, vanis raionis sasamarTlom, maSin gancxadeba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Setanili iqnes samtrediis raionis sasamarTloSi, romlis samoqmedo teritoria vrceldeba vanis raionzec. 589 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali am muxlis me-2 winadadeba uSvebs imis SesaZleblobas, rom Tu dakarguli saqmis warmoeba ar aris damTavrebuli, gancxadeba Seitaneba im sasamarTloSi, romlis warmoebaSic aris es saqme. amasTan dakavSirebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom ise rogorc sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi, am SemTxvevaSic sasamarTlom unda urCios mxares aRZras ganmeorebiT sarCeli. muxli 3513. gancxadebis Sinaarsi 1. gancxadeba unda Seicavdes: a) saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos dasaxelebas; b) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romlebmac dakargul saqmeze gamoitana gadawyvetileba an ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb; g) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu dakarguli saqmis warmoebis ra nawilis aRdgenas moiTxovs ganmcxadebeli; d) im garemoebebze miTiTebas, romlebmac aRniSnuli saqmis masalebis dakargva gamoiwvia; e) miTiTebas, ra mizniT esaWiroeba ganmcxadebels dakarguli masalebis aRdgena; v) saqmesTan dakavSirebul dawvrilebiT informacias. 2. ganmcxadebas unda daerTos dokumentebi an maTi damowmebuli aslebi, romlebic aqvs ganmcxadebels da romlebsac kavSiri aqvs saqmesTan, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu isini ar aris dadasturebuli dadgenili procedurebis Sesabamisad. 3. gancxadebas unda daerTos saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdis damadasturebeli qviTari, Tu saqme daikarga ganmcxadeblis braliT. 590 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 1. garda cnobili rekvizitebisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTulil nebismieri gancxadeba, dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadeba unda Seicavdes: a) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom dakargul saqmeze gamotanili iyo gadawyvetileba an ganCineba am saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. amasTan erTad, miTiTebuli unda iyos romelma sasamarTlom da rodis gamoitana es gadawyvetileba Tu ganCineba, agreTve ra Sinaarsisa iyo isini. b) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb dakarguli saqmis warmoebis romeli nawilis aRdgenas moiTxovs ganmcxadebeli, kerZod moiTxovs igi am saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetilebis aRdgenas Tu am saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aRdgenas; g) SeZlebisdagvarad ganmcxadebelma unda miuTiTos yvela im garemoebaze, romlebmac gamoiwvia an SeeZlo gamoewvia saqmis masalebis dakargva; d) gancxadebaSi naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos miTiTebuli Tu ra miznisaTvis Wirdeba ganmcxadebels dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena. ganmcxadeblis mizani SeiZleba mdgomareobdes imaSi, rom sxva an imave sasamarTlom ar miiRos da ar ganixilos igive sarCeli, anu sarCeli imave mxareebs Soris, imave saganze da imave safuZvlebiT (272-e muxli), romelic ukve iyo ganxiluli da gadawyvetili dakarguli saqmis warmoebiT. ganmcxadebels SeiZleba miznad hqondes dakargul saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba (saaRsrulebo furclis miReba), an kidev, gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnoba, agreTve axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba. dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis mizanze miTiTebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba unda mieniWos; Tu mizani ar iqneba marTlzomieri da gamarTlebuli - aRdgenaze uari unda iTqvas. e) yovelgvari informacia, rac dakavSirebulia 591 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali dakargul saqmesTan, miTiTebuli unda iyos gancxadebaSi, kerZod masSi unda aRiniSnos: - ra saproceso mdgomareoba ekava ganmcxadebels iyo mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovniT da a.S. - vin iRebda monawileobas saqmis ganxilvaSi da ra statusiT anu vin gamodioda mxared, Tanamonawiled, mesame pirad, mowmed, eqspertad da a.S. maTi misamarTebis miTiTebiT. 2. mtkicebulebebad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes dokumentebi, romlebsac raime kavSiri aqvT dakargul saqmesTan. amitom, es dokumentebi unda daurTos ganmcxadebelma Tavis gancxadebas. cxadia, dokumentebi (maTi aslebi) unda iyos saTanado wesiT damowmebuli, magram daumowmebeli dokumentebic unda daerTos gancxadebas, romlebic saTanado Semowmebisa da Sefasebis Sedegad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnan mtkicebulebebad. mtkicebulebebad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnan saqmeSi monawile pirTa, agreTve im mowmeebisa da eqspertebis (specialistebis) Cvenebebi, romlebic monawileobdnen dakarguli saqmis ganxilvaSi. isini SeiZleba gamoZaxebuli iyvnen da daikiTxon sasamarTlo sxdomaze, romelzec ganixileba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis sakiTxi. 3. ganmcxadebeli ixdis saxelmwifo baJs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqmis warmoeba daikarga misi braliT. amitom, Tu warmodgenili masalebidan aSkarad Cans, rom saqmis dakargva ar SeiZleboda momxdariyo ganmcxadeblis braliT, saxelmwifo baJis gadauxdeloba ar SeiZleba gaxdes gancxadebis miRebaze da ganxilvaze uaris Tqmis safuZveli. muxli 3514. gancxadebis ganxilvis wesi 1. gancxadebas dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganix592 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ilavs mxareTa daswrebiT, Tumca erT-erTi an orive mxaris gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs saqmis ganxilvas. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo Tavisi iniciativiT an mxareTa Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze moiwvevs pirebs, romlebsac SeuZliaT sasamarTlos miawodon informacia saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs aseve gamoiTxovos informacia saTanado organoebisagan. 2. saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos sasamarTlo procesis darCenili masalebiT, aseve mxareTa moTxovnebiT an sxva pirTa dokumentebiT, romlebic maT gadaecaT sasamarTlo procesis masalebis dakargvamde, agreTve im dokumentebisa da masalebis damowmebuli aslebiT, romlebic saqmes Seexeba. saqmeSi monawile pirebs ufleba aqvT sasamarTlos gansaxilvelad warudginon maT mier momzadebuli im gadawyvetilebis proeqti, romelic unda ganaxldes. 3. sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs mowmeebad dakiTxos pirebi, romlebic eswrebodnen saproceso moqmedebebis Sesrulebas, da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, is pirebic, romlebic eswrebodnen sasamarTlo sxdomas, roca ixileboda is saqme, romlis masalebic daikarga. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad gancxadeba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb ganixileba Ria sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa monawileobiT. es imas niSnavs, rom am sxdomaze mowveuli unda iqnan mxareebi kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, anu 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. mxareTa gamoucxadebloba, marTalia, ver daabrkolebs saqmis ganxilvas, magram, Tu sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom maTi 593 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali procesSi monawileobis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneba gancxadebis ganxilva da Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebis miReba, man unda gadados sxdoma sxva droisaTvis da amis Sesaxeb acnobos ganmcxadebels da sxva dainteresebul pirebs. garda mxareebisa, sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT moiwvios sasamarTlo sxdomaze nebismieri piri, romelsac SeuZlia miawodos sasamarTlos cnobebi dakarguli saqmis Sesaxeb. sxva sityvebiT, am muxlis pirveli nawili farTo uflebebs aniWebs sasamarTlos saqmis aRdgenasTan dakavSirebiT saWiro informaciis miRebisaTvis. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs im masalebis wres, romlebiTac SeuZlia ixelmZRvanelos sasamarTlom gancxadebis ganxilvis dros. am masalebis wre sakmaod farToa. sasamarTlos evaleba gulmodgineT Seamowmos da Seafasos es masalebi. aq erT garemoebas unda mieqces sasamarTlos yuradReba: 3513 muxlis meore nawilSi miTiTebulia imis Sesaxeb, rom gancxadebas Tan unda daerTos dokumentebi an maTi damowmebuli aslebi, cxadia Tu isini aqvs ganmcxadebels, magram aqve miTiTebulia imis Sesaxebac, rom am gancxadebas SeiZleba daerTos iseTi dokumentebi da maTi aslebic, romlebic „ar aris dadasturebuli dadgenili procedurebis Sesabamisad”, anu ar aris damowmebuli dadgenili wesiT. cxadia, aseTi dokumentebi an maTi aslebi saWiroeben gulmodgine Semowmebas da Sefasebas sasamarTlos mier, magram sxva mtkicebulebebTan erTobliobaSi maT SeuZliaT didi samsaxuri gauwion sasamarTlos dakarguli saqmis warmoebis mTlianad an nawilobriv aRdgenaSi. am muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs metad mniSvnelovan danawess: mxareebs da saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebs SeuZliaT aRadginon mexsierebaSi dakargul saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) Sinaarsi, Camoayalibon igi werilobiT da warudginon 594 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari sasamarTlos im gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) proeqti romelic unda aRadginos sasamarTlom. cxadia, es proeqti unda Seswavlili da Sefasebuli iqnes sasamarTlos mier sxva masalebTan erTobliobaSi. 3. mowmeebad SeiZleba gamoZaxebuli iqnan aramarto is pirebi, romlebic eswrebodnen ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas (magaliTad, adgilze daTvalierebas, mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofas, mosamzadebel sxdomas da a.S.), aramed pirebi, romlebic eswrebodnen sasamarTlo sxdomas da ar sargeblobdnen raime saproceso samarTlebrivi statusiT (ar iyvnen mesame pirebi, mowmeebi, eqspertebi, specialistebi da a.S.) muxli 3515. sasamarTlos ganCineba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo iRebs ganCinebas, romelSic unda mieTiTos im gadawyvetilebis an ganCinebis Sinaarsi, romliTac dakarguli saqmis warmoeba iyo damTavrebuli. ganCinebaSi aseve unda aRiniSnos, ra saproceso moqmedebebi sruldeboda dakarguli saqmis warmoebis dros. dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac warmodgenili masalebis safuZvelze sasamarTlo miva im daskvnamde, rom dakarguli saqmis warmoeba aRdgenili unda iqnes, kerZod aRdgenili unda iqnes gadawyvetileba romelic gamotanili iyo dakargul saqmeze an ganCineba am dakarguli saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, mas gamoaqvs amis Sesaxeb ara gadawyvetileba, aramed ganCineba. 595 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali sasamarTos ganCinebaSi dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) dakarguli saqmis xasiaTi da Sinaarsi, kerZod, rogori iyo mosarCelis moTxovna, romel faqtebs emyareboda es moTxovna, rogori iyo mopasuxis Sesagebeli da ra garemoebebs emyareboda es Sesagebeli, ra werilobiTi Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebi iyo warmodgenili mxareebis mier, vin daikiTxa mowmeebad, eqspertebad da a.S.; b) ra saproceso moqmedebebi Sesrulda mxareTa Soris wamoWrili davis gadawyvetis mizniT (Catarda adgilze daTvaliereba, moxda mtkiceulebaTa uzrunvelyofa, Catarda mosamzadebeli sxdoma, ganxorcielda sarCelis uzrunvelyofa da a.S.); g) romeli konkretuli monacemebis safuZvelze miiCnia sasamarTlom dakarguli saqmis warmoebaze gamotanili gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) Sinaarsi dadgenilad; d) „ganCinebaSi dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb” rac SeiZleba zustad da amomwuravad unda Camoyalibdes dakargul saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) Sinaarsi, misi sarezolucio nawili, anu sakuTriv gadawyvetileba, rac SesaZleblobas miscems saaRsrulebo organoebs aRasrulon igi, Tu, ra Tqma unda, am ganCinebaze dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gaicema saaRsrulebo furceli. amave ganCinebaSi rac SeiZleba srulad da zustad unda iyos miTiTebuli Tu ra saproceso moqmedebebi sruldeboda dakarguli saqmis warmoebis dros, romeli faqtebi CaiTvala damtkicebulad da dadasturebulad, romeli materialuri Tu saproceso normebi iqna gamoyenebuli da a.S. aqve miTiTebuli unda iyos Tu ra garemoebebis da romeli monacemebis safuZvelze miiCnia sasamarTlom SesaZleblad aRedgina dakarguli saqmis warmoeba da 596 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari am saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetileba an ganCineba am saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlos ganCinebaze dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Setanili iqnes kerZo saCivari 414-e-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. muxli 3516. dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis SeuZlebloba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas dakarguli sasamarTlo warmoebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb. aseT SemTxvevaSi ganmcxadebels SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli saerTo wesiT. es ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT.„ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenis mizniT Segrovili masalebi araa sakmarisi, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs „ganCineba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenaze uaris Tqmisa da saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb”. am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana 414420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. es „ganCineba dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgenaze uaris Tqmisa da saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb” ar arTmevs uflebas mxares kvlav aRZras sarCeli sasamarTloSi, radgan igive sarCelis adre aRZvra da mis mimarT gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gamotana ver dadasturda. 597 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali kari meSvide saojaxo, administraciuli, saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobebidan warmoSobili da reketuli qonebis CamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebuli saqmeebis ganxilvis Taviseburebani T a v i XLIII saojaxo saqmeTa ganxilvis Taviseburebani muxli 352. gamoyenebis sfero saqorwino da saojaxo saqmeebis mimarT gamoiyeneba am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesebi im damatebebiT, rac am TavSia dadgenili. . _ saqorwino da saojaxo saqmeTa kategorias miekuTvneba saqmeebi, romlebic warmoiSoba saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis mexuTe wignis _ `saojaxo samarTlis~ normebiT (1106-1305-e muxlebiT) mowesrigebuli urTierTobebidan. _ am kategoriis saqmeebis ganxilva warmoebs samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili saqmeTa ganxilvis saerTo wesebis dacviT, oRond im TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, rac am TavSia mocemuli. muxli 353. erT-erTi meuRlis gardacvaleba erT-erTi meuRlis gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTloSi aRZruli saqme unda Sewydes. 598 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari _ samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1122-e muxlis Tanaxmad, erTerTi meuRlis gardacvaleba an gardacvlilad gamocxadeba (317-e muxli) warmoadgens qorwinebis Sewyvetis safuZvels. amitom, sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba saWiro aRaraa. magram saqme imitomac unda Sewydes, rom aRaraa mowinaaRmdege mxare, xolo uflebamonacvleobas kanoni ar uSvebs (272-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqti). saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba (273-e muxli). muxli 354. saqmis garemoebis dadgena sasamarTlos iniciativiT 1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT gansazRvros dasadgen garemoebaTa wre da mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis Semdeg TviTon gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi, romlebzedac mxareebs ar miuTiTebiaT. 2. saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSobili saqmeebi ar SeiZleba ganixilebodes sxva xasiaTis moTxovnebis Sesaxeb aRZrul saqmeebTan erTad. _ saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobebi, marTalia, ganekuTvneba kerZo samarTlebrivi urTierTobebis sferos, magram am urTierTobebis ganviTarebiTa da simtkiciT dainteresebulia mTeli sazogadoeba. am mosazrebiT SeiZleba aixsnas is garemoeba, rom sasamarTlos, romelic ixilavs konkretul saojaxo _ samarTlebriv davas, miniWebuli aqvs farTo uflebebi TviTon Tavisi iniciativiT miiRos yvela zoma, raTa daadginos saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebi da gamoitanos samarTliani gadawyvetileba, kerZod: a) sasamarTlos SeuZlia TviTon gansazRvros mtkicebis sagani, e. i. im garemoebaTa wre, romelTa dadgenis gareSe SeuZlebelia saqmis sworad gadawyveta. mxareTa mier miTiTebuli garemoebebiT, sa599 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali samarTlo am SemTxvevaSi, SeboWili araa; b) TviTon Tavisi iniciativiT gamoiTxovos ara marto is mtkicebulebebi, romlebzec miuTiTeben mxareebi, aramed romlebzec mxareebi ar miuTiTeben, magram romlebsac aqvT mniSvneloba mtkicebis saganSi Semaval dasadgen (saZiebel) garemoebaTa dasadastureblad. 2. mosarCeles SeuZlia sarCelSi gaaerTianos ramdenime moTxovna, imisgan damoukideblad, erTsa da imave safuZvlebs emyareba es moTxovnebi Tu ara (182-e muxli). _ saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSobili davebis drosac aseTi gaerTianeba, SeerTeba ramdenime moTxovnisa, dasaSvebia, magram mxolod erTi pirobiT _ Tu es moTxovnebi saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoiSoba. magaliTad, ganqorwinebis saqmis gadawyvetasTan erTad meuRleebs SeuZliaT moiTxovon qonebis gayofac. radgan orive es moTxovna wesrigdeba saojaxo samarTliT, sasamarTlom unda ganixilos es moTxovnebi. magram ganqorwinebis saqmesTan erTad ar SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes, magaliTad, sesxis, qiravnobis, zianis miyenebiT da a. S. warmoSobili urTierTobebis safuZvelze aRZruli saqmeebi, radgan aseTi kategoriis saqmeebi ar ganekuTvneba saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobebidan warmoSobil saqmeTa kategorias. muxli 355. sasamarTlos droebiTi gankarguleba 1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxareTa Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze miiRos droebiTi gankarguleba, raTa moawesrigos: a) Svilis mimarT mSobelTa zrunvis sakiTxebi; b) erT-erTi mSoblis urTierToba bavSvTan; g) bavSvis aRsazrdelad gadacema erTerTi mSoblisaTvis; 600 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari d) mcirewlovani bavSvis Senaxvis valdebuleba; e) sakiTxi erT-erTi meuRlis mier meore meuRlisaTvis materialuri daxmarebis gawevis Sesaxeb; v) saojaxo meurneobisa da biniT sargeblobis sakiTxi; z) saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSobili saqmeebis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT xarjebis avansis saxiT gadaxdevinebis sakiTxi; 2. aRniSnul sakiTxebze sasamarTlos ganCineba SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes zepiri ganxilvis gareSe. 3. ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos SeuZlia, mxareTa gancxadebis safuZvelze, Secvalos an mTlianad gaauqmos Tavisi ganCineba. 1. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlil sakiTxebze sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos droebiTi gankargulebebi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu iqneba amis Sesaxeb mxaris Suamdgomloba (gancxadeba) sasamarTlos mimarT. _ droebiTi am gankargulebebs (romlebic ganCinebis formiT miiReba) imitom ewodeba, rom sabolood es sakiTxebi mowesrigdeba sasamarTlos mier saqmeze miRebul gadawyvetilebaSi. 2. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlil sakiTxebze droebiTi gankargulebebi, gamotanili ganCinebis formiT, SeiZleba miRebul iqnes mxareTa Seutyobineblad, saqmis zepiri ganxilvis gareSe. magram, Tu sasamarTlo amas saWirod CaTvlis, SeuZlia es sakiTxebi mxareTa SetyobinebebiTa da maTi monawileobiT ganixilos. cxadia, rom maTi gamoucxadebloba sakiTxis gadawyvetas da droebiTi gankargulebis miRebas ver daabrkolebs. 3. am ganCinebis gasaCivreba ar SeiZleba. es logiku601 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ria, radgan am ganCinebaSi Camoyalibebuli gankarguleba droebiTia da sabolood igi aisaxeba gadawyvetilebaSi, romelzec SeiZleba saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivris Setana. _ amasTan erTad, mxares SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT (ara saCivriT), raTa man Secvalos an gaauqmos es ganCineba. sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba am gancxadebiT aRZruli Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebis an masze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. es ganCineba ar gasaCivrdeba kerZo saCivriT da gancxadeba ar gadaigzavneba zemdgom sasamrTloSi im SemTxvevaSic, roca sasamarTlo uars eubneba mxares ganCinebis (droebiTi gankargulebis) Secvlaze an mTlianad gauqmebaze. muxli 356. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ganqorwinebis an qorwinebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb 1. ganqorwinebis an qorwinebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb gamotanili gadawyvetilebiT sasamarTlo, Tu amas moiTxoven mxareebi TavianTi gancxadebiT, gadawyvets: a) qorwinebaSi dabadebul bavSvze mSobelTa saerTo zrunvis sakiTxs; b) erT-erTi mSoblis qorwinebaSi dabadebul bavSvTan urTierTobis mowesrigebis sakiTxs; g) bavSvis erT-erTi mSoblisaTvis gadacemis sakiTxs; d) qorwinebaSi dabadebuli bavSvisaTvis materialuri daxmarebis gawevis (rCenis) sakiTxs. e) meuRleTa urTierTrCenis sakiTxs; 2. ganqorwinebis an qorwinebis baTilad cnobisa da maTi Sedegebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs erTiani gadawyvetileba. Tu sasamarTlo calke gamoyofs qorwinebis saq602 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari meebidan gamomdinare sxva saqmeebs, maSin mas am muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~ da `b~ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebul sakiTxebze gamoaqvs ganCineba. aseTi ganCinebis mimarT dasaSvebia kerZo saCivris Setana. 1. saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobebidan warmoSobil saqmeebTan erTad SeiZleba ganixilebodes mxolod am urTierTobebidan warmoSobili sxva moTxovnebis Sesaxeb aRZruli saqmeebi (354-e muxlis me-2 nawili). _ am zogadi miTiTebidan gamomdinare, am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs qorwinebis an ganqorwinebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb saqmeebTan erTad Tu romeli moTxovnebi SeiZleba iqnes ganxiluli da gadawyvetili, rodesac aseT moTxovnebs ayeneben mxareebi. _ am muxlis CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi. ganqorwinebis an qorwinebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb saqmeTa ganxilvisas, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos da gadawyvitos sxva sakiTxebic, rogoricaa magaliTad, Svilebis sacxovrebeli adgili, meuRleTa TanasakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis gayofis sakiTxi, baTilad cnobili qorwinebiT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis sakiTxi da a. S. (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1128-e, 1130-e, 1147-e muxlebi). 2. erToblivad ganxiluli moTxovnebis mimarT sasamarTlos gamoaqvs erTiani gadawyvetileba. sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs am gaerTianebuli moTxovnebidan calke gamoyos esa Tu is moTxovna; Tu es moTxovnebi ganxilulia, maSin maT mimarT sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. es Seexeba `a~ da `b~ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebul sakiTxebs. sxva SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos calke warmoebad gamoyofili saqmeebis mimarT gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba. aRniSnul sakiTxebze gamotanil ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (414-420-e muxlebi). T a v i XLIV (amoRebulia) 603 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali Tavi XLIV1 warmoeba reketuli an qurduli samyaros wevris, an adamianiT movaWris qonebis GamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT muxli 3561. terminTa ganmarteba am Tavis miznebisaTvis terminebs aqvT Semdegi mniSvneloba: a) reketi - Semosavlis an sxvagvari qonebrivi sargeblis sistematurad miRebis mizniT warmoebuli araerTjeradi da organizebuli saqmianoba, romelic dakavSirebulia ganzraxi danaSaulis CadenasTan (Tu nasamarTloba ar aris gaqarwylebuli an moxsnili), Tu igi ganxorcielda orjer mainc xuTi kalendaruli wlis ganmavlobaSi, romelSic ar Sedis reketiris dapatimrebisa da sasjelis moxdis vada; b) reketuli dajgufeba - Tavisi saqmianobiT reketTan dakavSirebuli iuridiuli piri, agreTve fizikur an/da iuridiul pirTa nebismieri gaerTianeba; g) reketiri - piri, romelic damoukideblad an sxva pirTan (pirebTan) erTad warmarTavs reketuli dajgufebis saqmianobas, an, sxvagvarad monawileobs reketuli dajgufebis saqmianobaSi da misTvis cnobilia, rom es dajgufeba reketuli dajgufebaa, agreTve ukanonod wyvets an monawileobs reketul dajgufebaTa an reketul dajgufebasa da sxva pirTa Soris davebis gadawyvetaSi; 604 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari g1) adamianiT movaWre - fizikuri an iuridiuli piri an pirTa jgufi romelmac Caidina saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1431 an/da 1432 muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli. d) ojaxis wevri - reketiris an qurduli samyaros wevris adamianiT movaWris meuRle, arasrulwlovani Svili da geri, agreTve reketirTan, qurduli samyaros wevrTan an adamianiT movaWresTan mudmivad mcxovrebi piri; e) axlo naTesavi - reketiri, qurduli samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris ojaxis wevri, pirdapiri aRmavali da daRmavali Stos naTesavi, da Zma, agreTve mSoblisa da Svilis gerebi, meuRlis da, Zma da mSobeli; v) reketirTan, qurduli samyaros wevrTan an adamianiT movaWresTan dakavSirebuli piri - piri, romelsac iuridiuli dokumentaciis safuZvelze sakuTrebaSi aqvs qoneba da arsebobs sakmarisi mtkicebulebebi, rom igi miRebulia reketis Sedegad an sxva arakanonieri gziT da am qonebiT sargeblobs reketiri, qurduli samyaros wevri an adamianiT movaWre. z) reketuli qoneba - reketidan miRebuli qoneba, am qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali, reketidan miRebuli SemosavliT SeZenili qoneba, agreTve reketuli dajgufebis, reketiris, reketiris ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an dakavSirebuli piris Semosavali, qoneba an qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali, romlis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT miRebis damadasturebeli sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs. T) qurduli samyaros wevris qoneba 605 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali qurduli samyaros wevris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an reketirTan an qurduli samyaros wevrTan dakavSirebuli piris Semosavali, qoneba an qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali, romlis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT miRebis damasturebeli sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs. i) adamianiT movaWris qoneba - adamianiT movaWris mier adamianiT vaWrobisagan miRebuli qoneba, misi ojaxis wevris Semosavali qoneba an qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali an sxva arakanonieri gziT miRebuli qoneba, romlis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT miRebis damadasturebeli sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs. 1. am muxlSi mocemuli terminebis ganmarteba SeiZleba ar daemTxves sxva sakanonmdeblo da normatiul aqtebSi Camoyalibebul igive terminebis (cnebebis) ganmartebas. magram es mxolod imaze migvaniSnebs, rom reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb saqmis warmoebisas terminebs unda mieceT is mniSvneloba, romelic mocemulia am muxlSi. 2. rac Seexeba terminebs „ukanono qoneba”, „dausabuTebeli qoneba” romlebsac kanoni ukavSirebs garkveul Sedegs (356 5-e muxli), am muxlSi ganmartebuli araa. maTi ganmartebisaTvis SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis 215-e muxlSi mocemuli ganmartebebi, am muxlis Tanaxmad ukanono qoneba - esaa qoneba, agreTve am qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali, aqciebi (wili) romelic reketirs, qurduli samyaros wevrs, adamianiT movaWres, maTi ojaxis wevrs, axlo naTesavs an maTTan dakavSirebul pirs mopovebuli aqvT kanonis moTxovnaTa darRveviT. 606 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari dausabuTebeli qoneba - esaa qoneba, agreTve am qonebidan miRebuli Semosavali, aqciebi (wili) romlis kanonieri saSualebebiT mopovebis damadasturebeli dokumentebi reketirs, qurduli samyaros wevrs, adamianiT movaWres, maTi ojaxis wevrs, axlo naTesavs, an maTTan dakavSirebul pirs ar gaaCniaT. muxli 3562. sarCelis aRZvra reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze 1. reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze sarCelis aRZvris ufleba aqvs prokurors reketiris, qurduli samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris mimarT sasamarTlos ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 30 dRis vadaSi. 2. reketuli qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze sarCeli SesaZlebelia aRiZras reketuli dajgufebis, reketiris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an reketirTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT. 3. qurduli samyaros wevris qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze sarCeli SesaZlebelia aRiZras qurduli samyaros wevris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an qurdul samyaros wevrTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT. 4. adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze sarCeli SesaZlebelia aRiZras adamianiT movaWris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an adamianiT movaWresTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT. 607 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T movaWris qonebis CamorTpiris 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sam sakiTxs: a) visi interesebis dasacavad SeiZleba aRiZras sarCeli da ra Sinaarsisa SeiZleba iyos sasarCelo moTxovna (sarCelis sagani); b) vis SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos aseTi sarCeliT; g)ra vadaSi SeiZleba aRiZras es sarCeli. a) sarCeli SeiZleba aRiZras „reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris” qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze”. am moTxovnis SinaarsiT ganisazRvreba aRZruli sarCelis sagani. raxan sarCelis aRZvris mizania qonebis CamorTmeva da am qonebis saxelmwifosaTvis gadacema, mxared, kerZod ki mosarCeled, samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, gvevlineba saxelmwifo, radgan sarCeli aRiZvris da sasarCelo moTxovnac mimarTulia misTvis CamorTmeuli qonebis gadacemisaken. es imas niSnavs, rom mxared procesualuri gagebiT gvevlineba ara is piri, vinc uSualod aRZra sarCeli sxva pirTa interesebis dasacavad, aramed is piri, visi uflebebisa Tu interesebis dasacavadac aRiZra sarCeli.55 b) zemod aRniSnuli moTxovniT sarCelis aRZvris ufleba miniWebuli aqvs prokurors. mxolod prokurors SeuZlia aRZras „sarCeli reketuli (an qurduli samyaros an adamianiT movaWris) qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb”. is vinc mimarTavs sasamarTlos sarCeliT sxva pirTa uflebebisa da interesebis dasacavad, samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT aris warmomadgeneli, aqedan gamomdinare, marTalia prokurori amave kanoniT iwodeba rogorc mosarCele, magram miuxedavad amisa, prokuroris procesualur- 55 T. liluaSvili. samoqalaqo saproceso samarTali. Tb. 2005, I I gamocema 608 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba (statusi) SeiZleba ganisazRvros rogorc saxelmwifos warmomadgeneli, romelsac kanoniT aqvs miniWebuli ufleba dadgenili wesiT mimarTos sasamarTlos sarCeliT da daicvas misi warmomdgenis - saxelmwifos uflebebi da interesebi.56 g) sarCelis aRZvris ufleba prokurors aqvs im SemTxvevaSi, Tu reketiris, qurduli samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris mimarT aRZruli iyo sisxlis samarTlis saqme, gamotanilia gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni da es ganaCeni Sesulia kanonier ZalaSi. gansazRvrulia agreTve sarCelis Setanis vada: prokurorma sarCeli unda aRZras 30 dRis vadaSi, am vadis dena iwyeba ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis dRidan. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom sarCelis aRZvris 30 dRiani vada dawesebulia imisaTvis rom rac SeiZleba swrafad iqnes aRZruli sarCeli prokuroris mier, magram Tu sarCeli aRiZra, magaliTad, ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 35-e dRes an ufro gvian, sasamarTlos, miuxedavad amisa, mainc SeuZlia miiRos da ganixilos es sarCeli. 2. am muxlis I I, I I I da IV nawilebi gansazRvraven im mopasuxeTa wres, romelTa mimarT SeiZleba aRiZras sarCeli. kerZod, Tu sarCeli exeba reketul qonebas, igi SeiZleba aRiZras reketuli dajgufebis, reketiris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an masTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT; Tu sarCeli exeba qurduli samyaros wevris qonebas, igi SeiZleba aRiZras qurduli samyaros wevris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis, an masTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT; Tu sarCeli exeba adamianiT movaWris qonebas, igi SeiZleba aRiZras adamianiT movaWris misi ojaxis wevris an adamianiT movaWresTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT. 56 356 5-e muxlSi miTiTebulia agreTve CamorTmeuli qonebis mesame pirebisaTvis da kanonieri mesakuTrisaTvis gadacemis Taobaze, magram amis Sesaxeb saubari gveqneba am muxlis komentarSi 609 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 3563. qonebis reketulad cnoba, qurduli samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis ukanonod da dausabuTeblad cnoba 1. mosamarTle reketuli dajgufebis, reketiris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an reketirTan dakavSirebuli piris qonebas cnobs reketulad, Tu saqmis warmoebis procesSi, saTanado mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebis safuZvelze gairkveva, rom qoneba miRebulia reketidan, igi warmoadgens Semosavals reketiT miRebuli qonebidan, SeZenilia reketiT miRebuli SemosavliT an ararsebobs reketuli dajgufebis, reketiris, reketiris ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an reketirTan dakavSirebuli piris qonebis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT miRebis damadasturebeli sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba. 2. mosarCele valdebulia warudginos sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi mopasuxis qonebis reketulobis Taobaze. 3. mosamarTle qurduli samyaros wevris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an qurduli samyaros wevrTan dakavSirebuli piris qonebas cnobs ukanonod an dausabuTeblad, Tu ar arsebobs qurduli samyaros wevris, misi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an qurduli samyaros wevrTan dakavSirebuli piris qonebis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT miRebis damadasturebeli sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba. 4. mopasuxe valdebulia warudginos sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi Tavisi qonebis dasabuTebulobisa da kanonierebis Sesaxeb. 5) mosamarTle adamianiT movaWris, misi 610 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ojaxis wevris qonebas cnobs ukanonod an dausabuTeblad, Tu ar arsebobs adamianiT movaWris, misi ojaxis wevris qonebis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT miRebis damadasturebeli sabuTi an sxva mtkicebuleba. 6) mopasuxe valdebulia, sasamarTlos warudginos mtkicebulebebi Tavisi qonebis dasabuTebulobisa da kanonierebis Sesaxeb. 1. imisaTvis, rom qoneba CamoerTvas mopasuxes da gadaeces saxelmwifos, aucilebelia winaswar iqnes dadgenili garkveuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi, romelTa xasiaTi da moculoba ramdenadme gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan imis mixedviT aRZrulia sarCeli reketuli qonebis mimarT, Tu qurduli samyaros wevrisa da adamianiT movaWris qonebis mimarT. aq mxedvelobaSia misaRebi erTi metad mniSvnelovani garemoeba: saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 106-e muxlis „g” qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze gamotanil ganaCens aqvs preiudiciuli mniSvneloba samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlosaTvis iseTi faqtebis mimarT, rogoricaa a) hqonda Tu ara moqmedebas adgili (anu Cven SemTxvevaSi, hqonda Tu ara magaliTad, rekets adgili) da b) Caidina Tu ara es moqmedeba im pirma, vis mimarTac aRZrulia sarCeli mopasuxem (anu Cven SemTxvevaSi reketirma, qurduli samyaros wevrma, adamianiT movaWrem). am garemoebis gaTvaliswineba miT ufro aucilebelia, rom 356 2-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad prokurors SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli Tu mopasuxis mimarT gamotanilia ganaCeni da igi Sesulia kanonier ZalaSi. imisaTvis, rom reketuli qoneba CamoerTvas mopasuxes da gadaeces saxelmwifos, uwinares yovlisa sasamarTlom es qoneba unda cnos reketulad. mosamarTle qonebas cnobs reketulad, Tu saqmeze 611 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali warmodgenili mtkicebulebebisa da kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCenis (ix. 106-e muxlis komentari) safuZvelze damtkicebulad (dadasturebulad CaTvlis, rom (1) qoneba miRebulia reketidan; (2) igi warmoadgens Semosavals reketidan miRebuli qonebidan; (3) SeZenilia reketiT miRebuli SemosavliT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aq CamoTvlili garemoebebi dadasturdeba, es iqneba sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom dakmayofildes prokuroris sarCeli da sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT qoneba CamoarTvas mopasuxes da gadasces igi saxelmwifos. magram, Tu es garemoebebi ver dadasturdeba warmodgenili mtkicebulebebiT, es kidev ar iZleva sarCelze uaris Tqmis safuZvels. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gaarkvios xom ar arsebobs sadavo qonebis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT miRebis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi. Tu aseTi mtkicebulebebi aRmoCndeba - sasamarTlo Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT uars etyvis prokurors sarCelis dakmayofilebaze. magram, Tu aseTi mtkicebulebebi ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo gamoitans gadawyvetilebas sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb (ix. 3565-e muxlis komentari). 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs, Tu romel mxares romeli faqtebis damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba. prokurors evaleba warudginos sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi mopasuxis qonebis reketulobis Sesaxeb, magram Tu prokurori ver warudgens sasamarTlos aseT mtkicebulebebs, maSin wardgenil unda iqnes mtkicebulebebi sadavo qonebis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT SeZenis dadasturebis mizniT. aseT mtkicebulebad SeiZleba gamodges aderZi an qonebis kanonismieri memkvidreobiT miRebis damadasturebeli dokumentebi, jildos miReba, Cuqebis xelSekruleba, maRali saxelfaso anazRaurebis damadasturebeli dokumentebi da a.S. 612 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari cxadia, rom sadavo qonebis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT SeZenis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebis warmodgenis movaleoba (damtkicebis tvirTi) SeiZleba daekisros mopasuxes. magram, Tu mopasuxem es ver SeZlo, maSin sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos misTvis araxelsayreli gadawyvetileba. 3. am muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs qurduli samyaros wevrisa da aq CamoTvlili pirebis qonebis ukanonod da dausabuTeblad cnobis sakiTxs (ukanono da dausabuTebeli qonebis cnebis Sesaxeb ix. 3561-e muxlis komentari). qonebis reketulad cnobisagan gansxavebiT, am SemTxvevaSi saWiro araa rom prokurorma warudginos sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi sadavo qonebis „qurduli saSualebebiT” mopovebis Sesaxeb. imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom cnos qurduli samyaros wevrisa da sxvebis qoneba ukanonod an dausabuTeblad, sakmarisia ar arsebobdes am qonebis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT (ix. am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari) miRebis damadasturebeli sabuTi an sxva saxis mtkicebuleba. 4. am muxlis me-4 nawiliT damtkicebis tvirTi Semdegnairadaa ganawilebuli mxareebs Soris: prokurorma unda daamtkicos, rom mopasuxe aris qurduli samyaros wevri, misi ojaxis wevri, axlo naTesavi an masTan dakavSirebuli piri. es faqtiuri garemoebebi qmnis varauds imisaTvis, rom am pirTa qoneba ukanono da dausabuTebelia. amitom, prokurori Tavisufldeba Semdgomi mtkicebulebebis warmodgenis movaleobisagan. mopasuxeebs ekisrebaT am varaudis gaqarwylebis movaleoba, risTvisac maT unda warudginon sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi, imis dasadastureblad, rom sadavo qoneba sinamdvileSi SeZenilia marTlzomieri saSualebebiT (ix. am muxlis me-2 naw. komentari). 613 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 5. me-5 nawiliT gansazRvrulia adamianiT movaWris an misi ojaxis wevris qonebis ukanonod da dausabuTeblad cnobis safuZvlebi. es safuZvlebi igivea rac qurduli samyaros wevris qonebis ukanonod da dausabuTeblad cnoba: adamianiT movaWris misi ojaxis wevris qonebis marTlzomieri saSualebebiT mopovebis damadasturebeli sabuTis an sxva mtkicebulebis ararseboba. 6. am muxlis me-6 nawili, ise rogorc am muxlis me-4 nawili, damtkicebis tvirTs mxareTa Soris Semdegnairad anawilebs: prokurorma unda daamtkicos, rom mopasuxe adamianiT movaWrea an misi ojaxis wevria. am faqtis damtkicebiT iqmneba varaudi rom mopasuxis qoneba ukanono da dausabuTebelia. am varaudis gasaqarwyleblad mopasuxem unda daamtkicos, rom qoneba SeZenilia marTlzomieri saSualebebiT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi amoqmeddeba varaudi da sadavo qoneba cnobili iqneba ukanonod da dausabuTeblad aqedan gamomdinare yvela SedegebiT (ix.3565-e muxlis komentari). muxli 3564. qonebaze yadaRis dadeba Tu arsebobs monacemebi, rom reketuli dajgufebis, reketiris, qurduli samyaros wevris, adamianiT movaWris, maTi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis an an reketirTan, qurduli samyarosTan an adamianiT movaWresTan dakavSirebuli piris mflobelobaSi arsebul qonebas gadamalaven an daxarjaven anda sxvagvarad gaasxviseben, prokurori valdebulia gancxadebiT mimarTos sasamarTlos qonebaze, maT Soris sabanko angariSebze yadaRis dadebis Taobaze. 614 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 1. ssk 191-e muxlis Tanaxmad mosarCeles SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. Tu sasamarTlos gauCndeba dasabuTebuli varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa miuRebloba gaaZnelebs an SeuZlebels gaxdis gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas, mas gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. 3564-e muxli avalebs mosarCele - prokurors mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT sadavo qonebis (maT Soris sabanko angariSebis) dayadaRebis Sesaxeb, Tu arsebos monacemebi, rom am muxlSi dasaxelebuli pirebi gadamalaven, daxarjaven an gaasxviseben maT mflobelobaSi arsebul qonebas. SeZlebisdagvarad es monacemebi prokurorma unda warudginos sasamarTlos, raTa mas Seeqmnas dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom qonebas marTlac gadamalaven, daxarjaven da a.S. sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos ganCineba uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis Sesaxeb, Tumca araa savaldebulo misTvis prokuroris Suamdgomloba qonebis dayadadRebis Sesaxeb. am kodeqsis 198-e muxli iTvaliswinebs sarCelis uzrunvelyofis sxvadasxva RonisZiebas. sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoiyenos is RonisZieba, romelsac ufro mizanSewonilad CaTvlis. muxli 3565. qonebis reketulad, ukanonod an dausabuTeblad cnobis iuridiuli Sedegebi 1. Tu sasamarTlom am Tavis 3563 muxlis Sesabamisad reketuli dajgufebis, reketiris, qurduli samyaros wevris, maTi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis, adamianiT movaWris an misi ojaxis wevris reketirTan an qurduli samyaros wevrTan dakavSirebuli piris qoneba reketulad, ukanonod an daus615 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali abuTeblad, cno, aseTi qoneba mesame piris kanonieri interesebis dakmayofilebis Semdeg gadaecema mis kanonier mesakuTres, xolo kanonieri mesakuTris dadgenis SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi - saxelmwifos. 2. Tu qonebis reketuloba, ukanonoba an dausabuTebloba nawilobriv dasturdeba, kanonier mesakuTres, xolo kanonieri mesakuTris dadgenis SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi - saxelmwifos gadaecema mopasuxis qonebis is nawili, romlis arareketulobas, kanonierebas an dasabuTebulobas mopasuxe sasamarTlo wesiT ver daadasturebs. 3. Tu SeuZlebelia reketuli, ukanono an dausabuTebeli qonebis pirvandeli mdgomareobiT kanonieri mesakuTris an saxelmwifosaTvis dabruneba, mopasuxes daekisreba am qonebis ekvivalenturi fuladi Tanxis gadaxda. 4. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba reketuli, ukanono an dausabuTebeli qonebis kanonieri mesakuTris an saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze aRsruldeba „saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb“„ saqarTvelos kanoniT dadgenili wesiT.„„+_ 1. rogorc am muxlis saxelwodebidanac savsebiT naTlad Cans igi eZRvneba qonebis reketulad, ukanonod an dausabuTeblad cnobis iuridiul Sedegs. Tu 3562-e muxlis azriT, SinaarsiTa da logikiT vixelmZRvanelebT es Sedegebi unda gamoixatos mopasuxisaTvis qonebis CamorTmeviTa da misi saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemiT. magram am muxlis pirvel nawilSi pirvelad gamoCndnen „mesame pirebi” da „kanonieri mesakuTre”, kerZod, Tu sasamarTlom mopasuxis qoneba cno reketulad, ukanonod an dausabuTeblad, 616 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari maSin am qonebiT pirvel rigSi unda dakmayofildes mesame piris kanonieri interesebi, meore rigSi, darCenili qoneba unda gadaeces mis kanonier mesakuTres, xolo, mesame rigSi, qoneba SeiZleba gadaeces saxelmwifos oRond erTi pirobiT, Tu ver iqneba dadgenili kanonieri mesakuTris vinaoba. ibadeba praqtikuli kiTxva: vin (sasamarTlom, prokurorma) da rogor unda gamoavlinos da daadginos mesame pirebi da kanonieri mesakuTre? amis Taobaze am Tavis arcerT muxlSi miTiTeba araa. migvaCnia, rom es seriozuli xarvezia kanonmdeblobaSi, romelic unda Seavsos praqtikam. erTi ram cxadia, am muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad sakiTxi kanonieri mesakuTrisaTvis qonebis gadacemis Sesaxeb unda aisaxos sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi. es imas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlom unda daadginos kanonieri mesakuTris vinaoba da gadawyvitos misTvis qonebis mikuTvnebis sakiTxi. aq ibadeba kidev erTi praqtikuli sakiTxi: Tu am kanonier mesakuTres ar surs saqmeSi monawileobis miReba arc sadavo qonebaze ar aqvs raime pretenzia, Tumca aSkaraa, rom igi adre iyo am qonebis kanonieri mesakuTre, rogor unda moiqces aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo? aq mxedvelobidan ar SeiZleba gauSvaT erT fundameturi sakiTxi: prokurors kanoniT miniWebuli aqvs ufleba aRZras „sarCeli reketuli....... qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis Taobaze”, magram mas ar aqvs ufleba aRZras sarCeli sxva fizikur Tu iuridiul pirTa maT Soris mesame pirTa da kanonier mesakuTreTa uflebebis dasacavad. (ix. me-2 da me-3 muxlebis komentari). winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es iqneboda dispoziciurobis principis uxeSi darRveva. miT umetes, amis ufleba ar SeiZleba hqondes sasamarTlos romelic SeboWilia sasarCelo moTxovnis farglebiT. 617 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali amrigad, am e.w. mesame pirebma da kanonierma mesakuTreebma TviTon unda mimarTon sasamarTlos sarCeliT, Tu maT aqvT raime pretenzia im qonebis mimarT, romlis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis sakiTxs ixilavs sasamarTlo. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac am pirebma Seityves saxelmwifosaTvis qonebis gadacemis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg maT SeuZliaT mimarTon sasamarTlos sarCeliT saerTo wesis dacviT. 2. am muxlis me-3 nawilis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos daWirdeba imis gansazRvra, Tu ra odenobiT ganisazRvreba CamosarTmevi qonebis ekvivalenturi fuladi Tanxa, romlis gadaxda SeiZleba daekisros mopasuxes. amisaTvis sasamarTlos SeuZlia moiwvios specialisti (204-e muxli). muxli 3566. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba 1. reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevis Taobaze warmoebuli saqmeebis ganxilvisas, rodesac gamocxadda reketiris qurduli samyaros wevris, maTi ojaxis wevris, axlo naTesavis adamianiT movaWris an misi ojaxis wevris an reketirTan an qurduli samyaros wevrTan dakavSirebuli piris mimarT Zebna, ar gamoiyeneba am kodeqsis 233-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „„g“„ qvepunqti. 2. mxares, romelic ar gamocxadda sasamarTloSi, egzavneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis asli misi gamotanidan 5 dRis vadaSi. 3. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba sasamarTlo uwyebis mxarisaTvis Cabarebis (Sety- 618 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari obinebis) am kodeqsis VIII TaviT dadgenili wesi. 1. 233-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „g” punqtis Tanaxmad sasamarTlos dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana dauSvebelia, Tu „g) gamoucxadebel mxares droulad ar ecnoba saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesaxeb”. es qvepunqti ar gamoiyeneba da, maSasadame, dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gamotanili iqnes iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac reketuli, qurduli samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis CamorTmevis Taobaze warmoebuli saqmeebis ganxilvisas mopasuxeebis mimarT gamocxadda Zebna. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis asli egzavneba im mxares, romelic ar gamocxadda sasamarTloSi da, maSasadame, romlis mimarTac gamotanilia dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. gansazRvrulia agreTve am aslis gagzavnis vada - 5 dRe dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanidan. 3. me-3 nawili Seicavs mniSvnelovan praqtikul danawess: im SemTxvevaSiac ki, rodesac mopasuxis mimarT gamocxadebulia Zebna, uwyeba calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebisa, Tu sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis Sesaxeb mxares egzavneba 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. T a v i XLIV administraciuli da saxelmwifo samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSobili saqmeebis ganxilvis Taviseburebani muxli 357-363. amoRebulia saqarTvelos 1999 wlis 10 dekembris kanoniT. 619 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali wigni mesame sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa gasaCivreba kari merve apelacia T a v i XLV apelaciis dasaSveboba muxli 364. saapelacio saCivris Setana sasamarTlos pirveli instanciiT gamotanili gadawyvetileba mxareebma da mesame pirebma damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT SeiZleba kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi gaasaCivron saapelacio sasamarTloSi 1. es muxli gansazRvravs or fundamentur sakiTxs: a) saapelacio gasaCivrebis obieqts, anu sasamarTlos romeli gadawyvetilebebi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio sasamarTloSi da b) saapelacio saCivris uflebis subieqtebs, anu vin SeiZleba gaasaCivros saapelacio wesiT sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi. a) saapelacio saCivris obieqti SeiZleba iyos raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebis maT Soris magistrati mosamarTlis gadawyvetilebebi, amave sasamarTloebis mier gamotanili ganCinebebi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Taobaze Setanili saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmisa da misi ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb (240-e muxlis me-3 nawili) da maTi ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebebi (366-e muxlis me-2 nawili). 620 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari b) saapelacio saCivris uflebis subieqtebia mxareebi, e. i. mosarCele da mopasuxe, agreTve mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovniT. saapelacio gasaCivrebis subieqtebia agreTve Tanamonawileebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopasuxeebi), romlebic sargebloben yvela im saproceso uflebiT, romlebic am kodeqsis Tanaxmad miniWebuli aqvT mxareebs (87-e muxli). _ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Tanamonawileobis safuZvels warmoadgens saerTo ufleba (86-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqti), e. i. sarCelis sagania saerTo ufleba, maSin erT-erT mosarCeles SeuZlia Seitanos saapelacio saCivari gadawyvetilebaze nebismier farglebSi. igive SeuZlia erT-erT mopasuxes (Tanamopasuxes), roca valdebuleba solidarulia. magram im SemTxvevaSi, roca erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva mosarCelis sxvadasxva moTxovna sxvadasxva an erTi da igive mopasuxis mimarT, maSin erT-erT mosarCeles (TanamosarCeles) SeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba im nawilSi, romelic erT sarCelSi gaerTianebul mis moTxovnas exeba. igive wesi unda gavrceldes Tanamopasuxeebzec, rodesac maT mimarT aRZrulia ara erTiani, aramed sxvadasxva (gancalkevebuli) moTxovnebi. _ Tu saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi mindobili aqvs erT-erT Tanamonawiles (87-e muxlis me-2 nawili) gasaCivrebis uflebamosilebiT, maSin mas SeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba rogorc mTlianad, ise nawilobriv. _ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT gansazRvrulia iseTi piris uflebebi da movaleobebi, romelic ar figurirebda saqmeSi arc mxared, arc mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovniT, arc Tanamonawiled, arc uflebamonacvled da aqedan gamomdinare arc saqmeSi yofila Cabmuli da arc dabarebuli (mowveuli), aseT pirs unda mieces ufleba gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba, radgan darRveulia misi fundamenturi ufleba, monawileoba miiRos sasa621 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali marTloSi im saqmis ganxilvaSi, romelic mis uflebas Seexeba. nebismier pirs, romelic araa moxseniebuli gadawyvetilebaSi, magram romelsac miaCnia, rom am gadawyvetilebiT dairRva an Seilaxa misi uflebebi, SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos sarCeliT am uflebis dasacavad da ara saCivriT am gadawyvetilebaze. _ rac Seexeba uflebamonacvles (92-e muxli), mas SeuZlia Seasrulos yvela is saproceso moqmedeba (maT Soris gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba), romlis Sesrulebis ufleba eqneboda mis winamorbeds, rom ar gasuliyo saqmidan. amrigad, gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis ufleba aqvT: mxareebs (mosarCeles, mopasuxes), mesame pirebs damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT, maT uflebamonacvleebs, Tanamonawileebs (TanamosarCeleebs, Tanamopasuxeebs) maTi Tanamonawileobis safuZvlebiT gansazRvrul farglebSi, pirebs, romlebic, marTalia, ar figurireben saqmeSi rogorc mxareebi, magram sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT ganisazRvra maTi uflebebi da movaleobebi erT-erTi mxaris mimarT. aq CamoTvlil pirTa warmomadgenels SeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba, Tu amis Sesaxeb pirdapiraa miTiTebuli mis saxelze marwmuneblis mier gacemul mindobilobaSi (98-e muxli). 2. gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis vada aris 14 dRe, romlis gagrZeleba (aRdgena) ar SeiZleba (369-e muxli). muxli 365. saapelacio saCivris Rirebuleba saapelacio saCivari qonebriv-samarTlebriv davebSi dasaSvebia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu davis sagnis Rirebuleba aRemateba 1 000 lars. es Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, 622 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Tu gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT Secvlaze Seaqvs saCivari mxares. _ es muxli gansazRvravs saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis mxolod erT pirobas _ mis Rirebulebas qonebriv samarTlebriv davebSi. _ saapelacio saCivris Rirebulebis gansazRvrisas saapelacio sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos ori saproceso dokumentiT: sarCeliT, romelSic Camoyalibebulia mosarCelis moTxovna (sarCelis sagani) da gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasarCelo moTxovna ganisazRvreba fuladi TanxiT, romelic ar aRemateba 1000 lars, maSin cxadia, rom saapelacio saCivari ar SeiZleba aRematebodes am Tanxas da igi dauSvebelia. aseve advilad gairkveva da gadawydeba es sakiTxi, roca fuladi Tanxa aRemateboda 1000 lars da sasamarTlom nawilobriv daakmayofila sarCeli. Tu gadawyvetilebiT dakmayofilebuli nawili aRemateba 1000 lars, mopasuxes SeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba am nawilSi, magram Tu gadawyvetilebiT daukmayofilebeli nawili ar aRemateba 1000 lars, mosarCelis saapelacio saCivari gadawyvetilebis am nawilze dauSvebeli iqneba. saapelacio saCivris Rirebulebis gansazRvra SeiZleba garTuldes, rodesac sasarCelo moTxovnis Sinaarsi ganisazRvreba ara fuladi TanxiT, aramed nivTebiT an sxva vadiani Tu uvado gasacemiTa da gadasaxdeliT da a. S. davis sagnis fasis gansazRvris wesi Camoyalibebulia me-40-42-e muxlebSi (ix. am muxlebis komentari). kerZod, davis sagnis fass miuTiTebs mosarCele, magram Tu mis mier miTiTebuli fasi ar Seesabameba sadavo qonebis namdvil Rirebulebas, maSin am fass gansazRvravs mosamarTle (me-40 muxli). davis sagnis fasis gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba sarCelis Setanis dros arsebuli fasebi, xolo gadawyvetilebis 623 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali gasaCivrebisas _ `saCivris Setanis droisaTvis arsebuli fasebi~ (me-40 muxlis me-3 nawili). _ aqedan gamomdinare, sarCelis fasi da saapelacio saCivris fasi SeiZleba ar daemTxves erTmaneTs imis gamo, rom saapelacio saCivris wardgenis dros sadavo nivTebis fasebi Semcirda an, piriqiT, gaizarda. saapelacio saCivris Rirebulebis gansazRvra SeiZleba kidev ufro garTuldes, rodesac gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebiT mosarCeles miekuTvna mxolod nawili qonebisa (nivTebisa), xolo nawilze uari eTqva. am SemTxvevaSi wamoiWreba sakiTxi, ra Rirebulebisaa qonebis is nawili, romelzec uari eTqva an romelTa mimarTac sarCeli dakmayofilda. _ Tu saCivris Rirebulebis moculoba iwvevs eWvs, maSin am Rirebulebis sarwmunod damtkicebis (dadasturebis) tvirTi ekisreba apelants. Rirebulebis moculobis dasadastureblad apelantma SeiZleba warudginos saapelacio sasamarTlos specialistis daskvna, amonakrebi presis furclebidan, romelSic miTiTebulia sadavo nivTebis sabazro Rirebuleba, oficialurad damtkicebuli preiskurantebi da a. S. muxli 366. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis dauSvebloba 1. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ar SeiZleba gaasaCivros saapelacio wesiT im mxarem, romlis winaaRmdegac aris igi gamotanili. 2. saapelacio saCivari dasaSvebia mxolod iseTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis mimarT, romelic gamotanilia ganmeorebiT dauswreblobis Semdeg, ris gamoc igi aRar SeiZleba gasaCivrdes am gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi. aseTi gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivr624 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari des mxolod im safuZvliT, rom ar arsebobda ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanisaTvis Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi wanamZRvrebi. 1. am muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes ara saapelacio wesiT, aramed imave sasamarTloSi (236-e muxli). saapelacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxolod sasamarTlos ganCineba saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (240-e muxlis me3 nawili). 2. ar aris gamoricxuli iseTi viTareba, rodesac erTi da igive piris mimarT gamotanilia ori dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba da arc erTi ar aris gauqmebuli an pirveli gauqmebulia, magram meore ara. magaliTad, sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxadda mxare. sasamarTlom gamoitana mis winaaRmdeg dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. es gadawyvetileba gaasaCivra am mxarem. sasamarTlom kvlav gamoitana mis mimarT meore dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. es meore gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gaasaCivros am mxarem mxolod saapelacio wesiT. SeiZleba Seiqmnas sxvagvari viTarebac: mxarem, romelmac gaasaCivra pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, gamocxadda misi saCivris ganxilvaze. ganxilvis Sedegad dadasturda, rom gamoucxadebloba gamowveuli iyo sapatio mizeziT. sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb (241-e muxli). mxareTa TxovniT amave sxdomaze sarCelis ganxilva ar Sedga da dainiSna am saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisaTvis sxva dRe. magram am sxdomaze kvlav ar gamocxadda momCivani mxare. mis mimarT meored (ganmeorebiT) gamotanil iqna dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, marTa625 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali lia mis mimarT arsebobs ara ori, aramed erTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, radgan pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba mis mimarT gauqmebulia, magram miuxedavad amisa, am mxares SeuZlia mimarTos saCivriT mxolod saapelacio (da ara imave) sasamarTlos. _ meore (ganmeorebiT) dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Setanili saapelacio saCivari SeiZleba emyarebodes 241-e muxlSi miTiTebul garemoebebs, romelTa arsebobis SemTxvevaSi kanoni krZalavs dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanas saerTod (ix. am muxlis komentari). muxli 367. sasamarTlo, romelSic SeiZleba saapelacio saCivris Setana werilobiTi formiT Sedgenili saapelacio saCivari Setanil unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romelmac gamoitana saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba. _ praqtikuli sakiTxi, romelic SeiZleba wamoiWras am muxlis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT, mdgomareobs SemdegSi: iTvleba Tu ara saapelacio saCivari Setanilad im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac igi Setanilia ara im sasamarTloSi, romelmac gamoitana saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba, aramed uSualod saapelacio sasamarTloSi? am kiTxvas dadebiTad unda vupasuxoT: saapelacio saCivari unda CaiTvalos Setanilad im SemTxvevaSic, roca igi SeaqvT uSualod saapelacio sasamarTloSi. am saCivris miuReblobiT da misi apelantisaTvis ukan dabrunebiT, rac sakmaod did dros moiTxovs, apelantma SeiZleba gauSvas gasaCivrebisaTvis kanoniT dadgenili dro da dakargos apelaciis ufleba. faqtiurad es iqneboda sruliad gaumarTlebeli da araTanazomieri sasjeli mxolod imisaTvis, rom apelan- 626 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari tma mimarTa uSualod im sasamarTlos, romelmac unda ganixilos saCivari. amrigad, saapelacio saCivari vadaSi Semotanilad iTvleba im SemTxvevaSic, roca igi Setanilia uSualod saapelacio sasamarTloSi. saapelacio sasamarTlom unda gamoiTxovos Sesabamisi sasamarTlodan saqme da Seamowmos saCivris dasaSveboba da dasabuTebuloba ise, rogorc amas igi akeTebs, roca saapelacio saCivars saqmesTan erTad iRebs pirveli instanciis sasamarTlodan. muxli 368. saapelacio saCivris Sinaarsi 1. saapelacio saCivari unda Seicavdes: a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romlis saxelzedac aris Sedgenili saCivari; b) im piris dasaxelebasa da misamarTs, romelsac Seaqvs saCivari; g) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis zust dasaxelebasa da miTiTebas am gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloze; d) miTiTebas imis Taobaze, Tu gadawyvetilebis ra nawilia gasaCivrebuli; e) miTiTebas, Tu raSi mdgomareobs gadawyvetilebis usworoba da konkretulad ras moiTxovs saapelacio saCivris Semtani piri; v) miTiTebas garemoebebze, romlebic asabuTeben saapelacio saCivars, da mtkicebulebebze, romelebic adastureben am garemoebebs; z) saapelacio saCivarze darTuli werilobiTi masalebis nusxas. 2. saapelacio saCivari, agreTve damatebiT Semosuli masalebi sasamarTlos waredgineba imdeni aslis darTviT, ramdeni monawilec aris saqmeSi. 627 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 3. saapelacio saCivars xels awers misi Semtani piri an warmomadgeneli. 4. Tu uflebamosilebis damadasturebeli sabuTi saqmeSi ar aris, warmomadgenlis mier Setanil saapelacio saCivars unda daerTos saapelacio saCivris Setanaze misi uflebamosilebis damadasturebeli mindobiloba. 5. Tu saapelacio saCivari ar upasuxebs zemoCamoTvlil moTxovnebs an saxelmwifo baJi ar aris gadaxdili, sasamarTlo avalebs saCivris Semtan pirs Seavsos xarvezi, risTvisac mas vadas uniSnavs. Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, saapelacio saCivari aRar miiReba. 1. es muxli gansazRvravs saapelacio saCivris savaldebulo rekvizitebs (Semadgenel elementebs), romelTa erToblioba qmnis saapelacio saCivris Sinaarss. a) saapelacio saCivris adresati aris saapelacio sasamarTlo. amitom, saapelacio saCivari Tumca Setanil unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romelmac gamoitana gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba (367-e muxli), magram saapelacio saCivari unda Seicavdes im saapelacio sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac unda ganixilos saCivari. b) saapelacio saCivari SeiZleba Seitanos uSualod dainteresebulma mxarem an misma warmomadgenelma. amitom, saapelacio saCivari unda Seicavdes im piris dasaxelebas da misamarTs, visac Seaqvs saCivari. Tu saapelacio saCivari Seaqvs warmomadgenels (ix. am muxlis me-3 da me-4 nawilebi), maSin saCivarSi miTiTebuli unda iyos am warmomadgenlis dasaxeleba da misamarTi, rac cxadia ar gamoricxavs, rom paralelurad miTiTebuli iyos marwmuneblis dasaxeleba da misamarTi. g) saapelacio saCivari unda Seicavdes gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis ara marto dasaxelebas, aramed mas 628 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Tan unda erTvodes am gadawyvetilebis saTanadod damowmebuli asli. d) saapelacio sasamarTlo SeboWilia saapelacio saCivris farglebiT (377-e muxli). cxadia, rom saapelacio saCivarSi naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos miTiTebuli, Tu gadawyvetilebis romeli nawilia gasaCivrebuli, roca igi mxolod nawilobriv da ara mTlianad saCivrdeba. e) saapelacio sasamarTlos, saCivris farglebSi, SeuZlia Seamowmos gadawyvetilebis rogorc faqtobrivi, ise iuridiuli mxare (377-e muxli). amitom, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens saapelacio saCivarSi imis naTlad Camoyalibeba, Tu konkretulad raSi gamoixateba gadawyvetilebis usworoba. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac apelantis TvalsazrisiT gadawyvetileba araa dasabuTebuli faqtobrivad, maSin igi valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu raSi gamoixateba konkretulad faqtobrivi dausabuTebloba (arasworadaa gansazRvruli mtkicebis sagani, arasworadaa ganawilebuli mxareTa Soris mtkicebis tvirTi, sasamarTlos daskvnebi faqtebis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb ar emyareba saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs, gadawyvetilebaSi araa miTiTebuli, Tu ratom uaryo (ar gaiziara) sasamarTlom saqmeSi arsebuli esa Tu is mtkicebuleba da a. S.). _ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac apelantis TvalsazrisiT gadawyvetileba araa dasabuTebuli iuridiulad, maSin igi valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu konkretulad raSi vlindeba gadawyvetilebis iuridiuli dausabuTebloba, kerZod, romeli kanonia darRveuli da raSi gamoixateba es darRveva (gamoiyena kanoni, romelic ar unda gamoeyenebina, arasworad gaigo kanonis azri da Sinaarsi da a. S. ix. 393-e muxlis komentari). aqve miTiTebuli unda iyos imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras moiTxovs apelanti: gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas da saqmis xelaxla ganxilvas, gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas da 629 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas Tu sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebas. v) cxadia, rom gadawyvetilebis mxolod faqtobriv Tu samarTlebriv usworobaze (dausabuTeblobaze) miTiTeba ar kmara. saCivarSi aucileblad unda iyos miTiTebuli garemoebebze, romlebic asabuTeben gadawyvetilebis faqtobriv Tu samarTlebriv usworobas (dausabuTeblobas), agreTve mtkicebulebebze, romlebic adastureben am garemoebebs. saapelacio saCivarSi SeiZleba miTiTebuli iyos saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebze, romlebic ar Seafasa gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom, arasworad Seafasa an ar miuTiTa, Tu ratom uaryo igi. amasTan erTad, apelants SeuZlia warmoadginos saapelacio sasamarTloSi axali mtkicebulebebi (382-e muxli), romelTa miRebis sakiTxs wyvets saapelacio sasamarTlo kanoniT dadgenili pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT (380e da 382-e muxlebi). es axali mtkicebulebebi, Tu isini miTiTebulia saapelacio saCivarSi, unda erTvodes am saCivars, magram isini SeiZleba warmodgenil iqnes mogvianebiTac, Tu apelanti ama Tu im mizezis gamo ver aswrebs maT warmodgenas saCivarTan erTad. mxedvelobaSia werilobiTi da nivTieri mtkicebulebebi, agreTve eqspertis daskvna, Sedgenili apelantis TxovniT. rac Seexeba axlad dasaxelebul mowmeebs, isini SeiZleba gamoiZaxos saapelacio sasamarTlom am kodeqsis 380-e muxlis me-2 nawilis moTxovnaTa dacviT (ix. am muxlis komentari) da dakiTxos am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT (140-153-e muxlebi). z) erTi SexedviT, am qvepunqtis miTiTeba (danawesi) arc ise mniSvnelovania. sinamdvileSi misi Sesruleba Tavidan agvacdens mTel rig seriozul gaugebrobebs, romlebsac zogjer adgili aqvs praqtikaSi, rodesac apelanti acxadebs, rom man Tan daurTo saCivars esa Tu is masala, magram ratomRac igi saqmeSi aRaraa. aqedan gamomdinare, saapelacio sasamarTlom saa630 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari pelacio saCivris miRebisas unda Seamowmos, ramdenad Seesabameba am saCivarSi miTiTebuli nusxa (CamonaTvali) im werilobiT (nivTier) masalebs, romlebic namdvilad erTvis am saCivars. _ im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gamovlindeba Seusabamoba saCivris nusxasa da masze darTul masalebs Soris, saapelacio sasamarTlom dauyovnebliv unda acnobos amis Sesaxeb apelants Tavisi ganCinebiT xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb. 2. saapelacio saCivari da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebi egzavneba mowinaaRmdege mxares (373-e muxli). amiTaa ganpirobebuli apelantis movaleoba warmoadginos saapelacio saCivari da masze darTuli an mogvianebiT warmodgenili masalebi imdeni aslis raodenobiT, ramdeni mowinaaRmdegec aris saqmeSi. 3. saapelacio saCivari SeiZleba Seitanos rogorc uSualod mxarem, ise misma warmomadgenelma. saCivars xels awers is, visac Seaqvs saCivari. 4. warmomadgenelma rom Seitanos saapelacio saCivari, amisaTvis ar kmara mxolod warmomadgenloba. amis Taobaze aucilebelia specialurad iyos aRniSnuli mindobilobaSi (98-e muxli). amitom, saapelacio sasamarTlom yovelTvis unda Seamowmos mindobiloba, xolo Tu aseTi mindobiloba araa saqmeSi, maSin igi unda erTvodes saapelacio saCivars. _ iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio saCivari Semoaqvs Tumca mxaris warmomadgenels, magram romelsac ar aqvs aseTi saCivris wardgenis uflebamosileba, maSin sasamarTlom aseT warmomadgenels unda dauniSnos vada xarvezis Sesavsebad Tavisi ganCinebiT. magram, Tu saCivari Semoaqvs sruliad gareSe pirs, romelic arc adre da arc amJamad ar monawileobda saqmeSi da ar gaaCnia warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosileba _ saapelacio sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ganCineba saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (374-e muxli). xarvezis Sevsebaze SeiZleba vilaparakoT mxolod maSin, roca saCivari Semoaqvs mxares an mis warmo631 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali madgenels, romelsac ar gaaCnia specialuri uflebamosileba amisaTvis, an mas ar aqvs ufleba gamovides warmomadgenlad saapelacio (sakasacio) sasamarTloSi (440-e muxli). 5. xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. apelants SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos xarvezis SevsebisaTvis ganCinebiT daniSnuli vadis gagrZeleba mxolod konkretuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesasruleblad daniSnul vadis amowurvamde. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiTac gaagrZelos es vada (64-e muxli). magram, Tu vada ar gagrZelebula, an vada gavida, saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba saapelacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo (374-e muxli). aseT SemTxvevaSi apelants ubrundeba mis mier Semotanili saxelmwifo baJi. muxli 369. saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada 1. saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada Seadgens 14 dRes. am vadis gagrZeleba (aRdgena) ar SeiZleba da igi iwyeba mxarisTvis dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gadacemis momentidan. dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gadacemis momentad iTvleba dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis aslis mxarisTvis Cabareba am kodeqsis 70-e-78-e muxlebis Sesabamisad. 2. Tu dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas eswreba saapelacio saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piri, saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba misi gamocxadebis momentidan. 1. saapelacio saCivris Setanis 14 dRiani vadis arc gagrZeleba da arc aRdgena ar SeiZleba. amitom, kidev 632 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ufro did praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens imis zustad gansazRvra, Tu saidan iwyeba saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada da saidan - am vadis dena. saapelacio saCivris Setanis vadis dasawyisi ganisazRvreba mxarisaTvis dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis gadacemis momentiT, xolo, Tu dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba iqna gamocxadebuli, maSin es vada iwyeba gamocxadebis momentidan oRond im pirobiT, Tu saapelacio saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piri eswreboda gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas. dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis mxarisaTvis gadacemis momentad iTvleba am gadawyvetilebis damowmebuli aslis xelze micema mxarisaTvis an misi warmomadgenlisaTvis uSvalod sasamarTloSi, rac man unda daadasturos Sedgenil xelwerilze sakuTari xelmoweriTa da TariRis miTiTebiT, an misi mxarisaTvis gadagzavnis dro. gagzavnis drod miCneuli unda iqnes dro, rodesac gadawyvetilebis asli 70-78e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT gadaegzavna mxares, oRond saqmeSi aucileblad unda iyos damadasturebeli cnoba, rom am wesiT gagzavnili gadawyvetilebis asli Cabarda adresats. 2. es muxli gansazRvravs saapelacio saCivris Setanis vadis dasawyiss, magram ar gansazRvravs Tu saidan iwyeba vadis dena. es imitom, rom vadis denis dasawyiss zogadad gansazRvravs me-60 muxlis meore nawili (ix.am muxlis komentari), romlis Tanaxmad wleebiT, TveebiT an dReebiT gamosaTvleli saproceso vadis dena iwyeba im kalendaruli TariRis an movlenis dadgomis momdevno dRidan, romliTac gansazRvrulia misi dasawyisi. es ki imas niSnavs, rom Tu saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gadacemis an gamocxadebis momentidan, maSin am saCivris Setanis vadis dena iwyeba am momentis momdevno dRidan. magaliTad, dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gadacema moxda 10 seqtembers. maSasadame 10 seqtemberi 633 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali aris gasaCivrebis vadis dasawyisi. vadis denis aTvla ki daiwyeba momdevno dRidan, e.i. 11 seqtembridan da damTavrdeba 24 seqtembers saRamos 12 saaTze. saproceso vadis dasawyisisa da am vadis denis (aTvlis) dasawyisis kanoniT dadgenili wesis ganuxrelad dacvis sakiTxi ganmtkicebuli aqvs saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa sakasacio palatas Tavis erT-erT ganCinebaSi.57 muxli 370. saapelacio gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma Tu gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis Semdeg mxare sasamarTlos an mowinaaRmdege mxares werilobiTi formiT ganucxadebs uars saapelacio gasaCivrebaze, saapelacio saCivari aRar daiSveba. _ saapelacio gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma mxaris uflebaa. am uflebis realizacias ukavSirdeba garkveuli iuridiuli Sedegi, kerZod, mxare romelmac aseTi uari ganacxada, kargavs uflebas gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT. _ gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma dasaSvebia warmomadgenlis meSveobiTac, oRond im pirobiT, Tu mas eqneba amaze specialuri uflebamosileba. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa sakasacio palatam araerTgzis miuTiTa, rom saapelacio saCivari ar daiSveba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aseT gasaCivrebaze uari Tqva mxarem an mis mier specialurad uflebamosilma pirma.58 _ gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma dasaSvebia rogorc ga- 57 58 ix. susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2005, #4, gv.3-4 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze , 2005, #3, gv.242 634 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari dawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis, ise motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg. _ saapelacio gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqma dasaSvebia mxolod werilobiTi formiT, magram Tu aseTi uari zepirad iqna gamoTqmuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebisTanave, igi Setanil unda iqnes oqmSi da dadasturdes gamncxadebeli mxaris xelmoweriT. amasTan erTad, mas unda ganemartos, rom igi kargavs saapelacio saCivris Semotanis uflebas. amitom misi saCivari, Tu igi miuxedavad amisa, mainc iqneba Semotanili, ganuxilvelad darCeba dauSveblobis gamo (ix. 374-e da 378-e muxlebis komentari). _ mxare, romelmac uari ganacxada saapelacio gasaCivrebaze, kvlav moipovebs am uflebas, Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare, romelsac uari ar uTqvams gasaCivrebaze, Semoitans saapelacio saCivars Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris formiT kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi (379-e muxli). muxli 371. saqmis gadagzavna saapelacio sasamarTloSi saapelacio saCivris Sesvlis Semdeg pirveli instanciis sasamarTlo dauyovnebliv gadaugzavnis saapelacio sasamarTlos mTlianad saqmes, agreTve damatebiT Semosul yvela masalas. _ pirveli instanciis sasamarTlo ar amowmebs saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis sakiTxs da saqmes saCivarTan erTad agzavnis dauyovnebliv saapelacio sasamarTloSi. _ Tu saapelacio saCivari Setanilia ara gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi, aramed uSualod saapelacio sasamarTloSi, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlom saqme unda gamoiTxovos Sesabamisi sasamarTlodan (ix. 367-e muxlis komentari). 635 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XLVI saqmis warmoeba saapelacio sasamarTloSi muxli 372. zogadi debulebani saqmis ganxilva saapelacio sasamarTloSi warmoebs im wesebis dacviT, rac dadgenilia pirveli instanciiT saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis, am TavSi mocemuli cvlilebebiTa da damatebebiT. _ am muxliT ganmtkicebulia mniSvnelovani wesi, romlis Tanaxmad saapelacio sasamarTlo, marTalia, aris meore instanciis sasamarTlo, romelic amowmebs pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebaTa faqtobriv da iuridiul dasabuTebulobas, magram saqmeTa ganxilvisas igi xelmZRvanelobs im wesebiT, rac dadgenilia pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebSi saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis. _ amasTan erTad, saqmeTa ganxilva saapelacio sasamarTloebSi xasiaTdeba garkveuli TaviseburebebiT, rac ganpirobebulia am sasamarTlos amocanebiTa da funqciebiT. swored es Taviseburebania Camoyalibebuli am TavSi. muxli 373. saqmis momzadeba saapelacio sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad 1. saqmes saapelacio sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad amzadebs saapelacio sasamarTlos erT-erTi mosamarTle (momxsenebeli mosamarTle), romelic amowmebs saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobas da gamoaqvs Sesabamisi ganCineba, gadaugzavnis mowinaaRmdege mxares saapelacio saCivrisa 636 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari da TandarTuli sabuTebis aslebs da dauniSnavs mas vadas werilobiTi Sesageblis warmosadgenad, romelic unda Seicavdes pasuxs Semdeg kiTxvebze: eTanxmeba Tu ara saapelacio saCivris moTxovnebs; Tu ar eTanxmeba ra garemoebebs emyareba misi Sesagebeli; xom ar apirebs Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris Semotanas, axali faqtebisa da axali mtkicebulebebis warmodgenas da Tu apirebs, ra mizeziT ar warmoadgina isini pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas. axal faqtebsa da mtkicebulebebs saapelacio sasamarTlo miiRebs am kodeqsis 380-e da 382-e muxlebis moTxovnaTa dacviT. 2. momxsenebel mosamarTles SeuZlia Seasrulos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva saproceso moqmedebebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs saqmis swrafad da sworad ganxilvas. mas SeuZlia agreTve daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma am kodeqsis 205-e muxlis Sesabamisad. saapelacio mosamarTle iRebs zomebs saqmis morigebiT damTavrebis mizniT. 1. es muxli amkvidrebs praqtikuli TvlsazrisiT metad mniSvnelovan wess, romlis Tanaxmad saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobas amowmebs saapelacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle erTpirovnulad, rogorc wesi es iqneba momxsenebeli mosamarTle da, rac aranakleb mniSvnelovania, am saCivris safuZvelze Semosul saqmes mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad amzadebs es mosamarTle aseve erTpirovnulad, saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmebisa da saapelacio sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad momzadebis aseTi wesi udavod Seuwyobs xels saapelacio saCivris droulad ganxilvasa da sworad gadawyvetas. - saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmebis 637 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali mizniT mosamarTlem unda Seamowmos yvela im pirobis arseboba an ararseboba (dasaSvebobis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi winapirobebi), romlebsac kanoni ukavSirebs saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobas (ix.374-e muxlis komentari). Tu aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad saapelacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle miva im daskvnamde, rom saapelacio saCivari dasaSvebia igi gamoitans ganCinebas saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb da (ix. 374e muxlis komentari), iwyebs saqmis momzadebas saapelacio sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad. saqmis saapelacio sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gansaxilvelad momzadebas ki sagangebo yuradReba unda mieqces, radgan aseTi momzadebis xarisxze damokidebulia saqmis droulad, sworad da samarTlianad ganxilva da gadawyveta. saqmis momzadebis mizniT saapelacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle Tavisi ganCinebiT: 1. 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT gadaugzavnis mowinaaRmdege mxares (saapelacio mopasuxes) saapelacio saCivars da masze TandarTul sabuTebis aslebs. 2. mosamarTle amave ganCinebiT dauniSnavs saapelacio mopasuxes vadas, romlis ganmavlobaSiac man unda warmoadginos werilobiT Sedgenili Sesagebeli (Sepasuxeba) saapelacio saCivarze. 3. es werilobiTi Sesagebeli unda Seicavdes pasuxs Semdeg sakiTxebze; a) rogor gaigo man saapelacio saCivris moTxovnebi, romlebsac apelanti ayenebs da eTanxmeba Tu ara am moTxovnebs mTlianad Tu nawilobriv; b) Tu ar eTanxmeba saapelacio saCivarSi wamoyenebul moTxovnebs miuTiTos ratom ar eTanxmeba, anu miuTiTos im garemoebebze, romelTa gamo ar eTanxmeba. es garemoebebi unda iyos rac SeiZleba naTlad da amomwuravad miTiTebuli mopasuxis w erilobiT Sedgenil SesagebelSi, raTa mosamarTlem SeZlos maTi samarTlebrivi Sefaseba da amis safuZvelze sakiTxis 638 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari gadawyveta ramdenad mniSvnelovania iuridiulad es garemoebebi saapelacio saCivris gasaqarwyleblad; g) saqmeSi arsebuli an axlad warmodgenili romeli mtkicebulebiT dasturdeba an SeiZleba dadasturdes es garemoebebi; d) xom ar apirebs Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris Semotanas, xolo Tu apirebs afrTxilebs mas, rom es dasaSvebia misTvis saapelacio saCivris gadacemidan 10 dRis vadaSi (ix.379-e muxlis komentari). e) mosamarTle Tavisi ganCinebiT afrTxilebs saapelacio mopasuxes imis Sesaxeb, rom axali faqtebis, agreTve axali mtkicebulebis wardgena saapelacio sasamarTloSi dasaSvebia mxolod erTi aucilebeli pirobiT: Tu isini ver iqna wardgenili pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi sapatio mizeziT. konkretul mizezebze miTiTebuli unda iyos werilobiT SesagebelSi, xolo Tu ramdenad sapatioa es mizezebi damokidebulia mosamarTlis Sinagan rwmenaze. Tu saapelacio mopasuxis mier dasaxelebuli mizezebis Sefasebis Sedegad mosamarTle miva im daskvnamde, rom isini ar SeiZleba sapatio mizezebad CaiTvalos, man ar unda miiRos da ganixilos isini (ix.380-e da 382-e muxlebis komentari). 2. saqmis momzadebis mizniT am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CaomTvlili moqmedebebi araa amomwuravi, saapelacio saCivrisa da saqmis xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT saapelacio mosamarTles SeuZlia Seasrulos sxva saproceso moqmedebebi, misces saapelacio mopasuxes sxva xasiaTis davalebebi. saapelacio mosamarTles SeuZlia daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma Tu arsebobs amisaTvis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebi (ix.205-e muxlis komentari). Tu mosamzadebel sxdomaze mxareebi morigdebian, saapelacio mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas mxareTa morigebis damtkicebisa da am saqmeze adre miRebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. am ganCinebaSi unda aisaxos morigebis pirobebi anu romelma mxarem ra 639 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali konkretuli moqmedeba unda Seasrulos meore mxaris sasargeblod (208-e muxli). im SemTxvevaSi, Tu apelanti uars ityvis saapelacio saCivarze (378-e muxli), saapelacio mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas saapelacio warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb apelantis mier saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis gamo. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mowinaamdege mxarem (saapelacio mopasuxem) cnos saapelacio saCivari, maSin saapelacio mosamarTles SeuZlia gamoitanos gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) saapelacio saCivriT wamoyenebuli moTxovnis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb. yvela SemTxvevaSi, saapelacio mosamarTles ganCinebebi gamoaqvs erTpirovnulad, magram saapelacio sasamarTlos saxeliT anu rogorc saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba, romelzec xels awers mxolod am ganCinebis gamomtani saapelacio mosamarTle. muxli 374. saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmeba 1. saapelacio saCivris Semosvlidan 10 dRis ganmavlobaSi saapelacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos, dasaSvebia Tu ara saapelacio saCivari. Tu Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom saapelacio saCivari dasaSvebia, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb. Tu saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis esa Tu is piroba ar arsebobs, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba saapelacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, romelzedac SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana. 2. es ganCinebebi SeiZleba miRebul iqnes saapelacio sasamarTlos mier saqmis zepiri ganxilvis gareSe. 640 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 1. am muxlSi miTiTebul vadaSi saapelacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis yvela piroba, kerZod: a) daculia Tu ara saapelacio saCivris wardgenis 14 dRiani vada (369-e muxli); b) pasuxobs Tu ara saapelacio saCivris Sinaarsi kanonis moTxovnebs (368-e muxli); g) Seesabameba Tu ara saapelacio saCivris Rirebuleba kanoniT gansazRvrul odenobas (365-e muxli); d) aris Tu ara gasaCivrebuli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba (366-e muxli); e) aqvs Tu ara saCivris Semomtan warmomadgenels gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis uflebamosileba (368-e muxlis me-4 nawili); v) gadaxdilia Tu ara saxelmwifo baJi; z) uari xom ar aqvs naTqvami apelants saapelacio gasaCivrebaze kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (370-e muxli). _ Tu saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom arsebobs misi dasaSvebobis yvela piroba, saapelacio sasamarTlo miiRebs ganCinebas `saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da misi momzadebis Sesaxeb~. amave ganCinebiT igi niSnavs saapelacio saCivris ganxilvis dResac (376-e muxli). _ Tu saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis yvela piroba ar arsebobs, saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, Tu xarvezi Tavisi xasiaTiTa da SinaarsiT iseTia, rom misi Sevseba SesaZlebelia (magaliTad, saCivris Sinaarsis Camoyalibeba kanonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, baJis gadaxda, warmomadgenlis mindobilobaSi gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis uflebamosilebis aRniSvna); Tu xarvezi saapelacio sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, an dasaSvebobis piroba iseTia, rom misi Sevseba SeuZlebelia (magaliTad, gasulia gasaCivrebis vada, apelants uari aqvs naTqvami saapelacio gasaCivrebaze, gasaCivrebuli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba araa 641 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba), maSin saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs `ganCineba saapelacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo~. aseT SemTxvevaSi apelants ubrundeba mis mier Semotanili saxelmwifo baJi. zemoT miTiTebul ganCinebebs saapelacio mosamarTle iRebs erTpirovnuldad, magram isini miiReba saapelacio sasamarTlos saxeliT, cxadia araa gamoricxuli rom es ganCinebebi miiRos saapelacio sasamarTloskolegiurma Semadgenlobam. 2. yvela ganCineba da, maT Soris, miTiTebuli ganCinebebi, romlebic SeiZleba miRebul iqnes zepiri ganxilvis gareSe da mxareTa Seutyobineblad, SeiZleba miRebul iqnes mxareTa SetyobinebiTa da zepiri ganxilvis Sedegadac, Tu es sasamarTlos mizanSewonilad da saWirod miaCnia. kanoni uSvebs ganCinebis zepiri ganxilvis gareSe miRebis SesaZleblobas, magram ar krZalavs am ganCinebis zepiri ganxilvis Sedegad miRebis SesaZleblobas. _ kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba mxolod ganCinebaze saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, magram ara ganCinebaze saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb. muxli 375. saapelacio saCivris miRebis Sedegi 1. Tu arsebobs saapelacio saCivris yvela winapiroba da igi miRebulia saapelacio sasamarTlos mier, gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla SeCerdeba im nawilSi, romelic gasaCivrebulia. 2. Tu gasaCivrebulia gadawyvetileba, romelic dauyovnebliv unda aRsruldes, saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia droebiT SeaCeros aRsruleba da gaauqmos aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebi. ganCineba amis Taobaze SeiZleba gamotanil 642 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari iqnes zepiri ganxilvis gareSe. sasamarTlos SeuZlia aRsrulebis SeCereba, aRsrulebis RonisZiebis gauqmeba, agreTve aRsrulebis gagrZeleba uzrunvelyofis Sesabamisi garantiebis gamoyenebiT. 1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio sasamarTlom gamoitana `ganCineba saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da misi momzadebis Sesaxeb~, gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla SeCerdeba im nawilSi, romelSic igi gasaCivrebulia. am ganCinebaSi imis Cawera, rom gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla SeCerdes, aucilebeli araa. gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla Cerdeba ara sasamarTlos ganCinebis, aramed kanonis ZaliT. 2. es kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis SesaZleblobas, sanam igi kanonier ZalaSi Sevidodes (268-e muxli). _ Tu saapelacio saCivari Setanilia iseT gadawyvetilebaze, romlis mimarT gamotanilia ganCineba kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde misi dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlos apelantis SuamdgomlobiT SeuZlia gamoitanos ganCineba gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis droebiT SeCerebisa da aRsrulebis RonisZiebebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. _ saapelacio sasamarTlos mier aseTi ganCinebis miReba aucilebelia, radgan saapelacio saCivris Setana avtomaturad ver SeaCerebs dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebis moqmedebas. amasTan erTad, saapelacio sasamarTlos mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT SeuZlia gamoiyenos aRsrulebis gauqmebiT, SeCerebiT, agreTve aRsrulebis gagrZelebiT mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa 57-e da 268-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari). 643 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 376. saqmis ganxilvis daniSvna saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT sasamarTlo gansazRvravs saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros, ris Sesaxebac mxareebs atyobinebs am ganCinebis miRebidan 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi. saapelacio sasamarTlo iRebs kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul yvela zomas, raTa saapelacio saCivari ganxilul iqnes dadgenil vadaSi _ saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dRis daniSvna xdeba saapelacio sasamarTlos `ganCinebiT saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da misi momzadebis Sesaxeb~. _ am muxlis moTxovnis Sesruleba ubiZgebs saapelacio sasamarTlos, saqmis sirTulisa da am saqmis momzadebis mizniT aucilebel saproceso moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis gaTvaliswinebiT, winaswar ganWvritos, Tu rodis iqneba SesaZlebeli saqmis mTavar sxdomaze zepiri ganxilva. _ saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da saqmis momzadebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aslebs, romlebSic miTiTebulia saqmis (saapelacio saCivris) ganxilvis dro, sasamarTlo ugzavnis mxareebs. _ saapelacio saCivris safuZvelze saqmeTa ganxilvis vada ganisazRvreba sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxilvis im vadebiT, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia 59-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT (ix. am muxlis komentari). _ saapelacio sasamarTlom unda miiRos yvela zoma, raTa saqmis ganxilva moxdes aRniSnuli ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebul dRes. Tu raime mizezis gamo es ver xerxdeba, amis Sesaxeb unda ecnoboT mxareebs. saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da saqmis momzadebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis aslebis gadagzavna mxareebisaTvis ar aTavisuflebs saapelacio sasamarTlos movaleobisagan, gaugzavnos uwyeba mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs, agreTve saqmis monawile sxva pi644 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari rebs saqmis ganxilvis dRis Sesaxeb 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. muxli 377. gadawyvetilebis Semowmebis farglebi 1. saapelacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivris farglebSi faqtobrivi da samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT. 2. samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT Semowmebisas sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs 393-e da 394-e muxlebis moTxovnebiT. 3. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganxilvis sagani SeiZleba iyos agreTve sasamarTlos is ganCinebebi, romlebic gamotanilia saqmis pirvel instanciaSi ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT da romlebic win uswrebs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, imisagan damoukideblad, dasaSvebia Tu ara maT mimarT kerZo saCivris Setana. 4. saapelacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos, eqvemdebareba Tu ara saqme sasamarTlos uwyebrivad da aqvs Tu ara mas mocemul konkretul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT saerTaSoriso kompetencia. 5. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gansjadobas saapelacio sasamarTlo Seamowmebs mxolod mopasuxis moTxovniT. aseTi moTxovna dasaSvebia, Tu igi saqmis pirvel instanciaSi ganxilvisas iyo wamoyenebuli mopasuxis mier, an Tu arsebobs sapatio mizezi, ris gamoc aseTi moTxovna ver iqna wina instanciaSi wamoyenebuli. 1. saapelacio sasamarTlo SeboWilia saapelacio saCivris, anu am saCivarSi Camoyalibebuli apelantis 645 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali moTxovnis farglebiT. es imas niSnavs, rom gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi Tu iuridiuli dasabuTebuloba saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos saapelacio saCivris moTxovnasTan mimarTebaSi. _ sauaresod Sebruneba, e. i. gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba an Secvla im nawilSi, romelic apelants ar gausaCivrebia, an iseTnairad, rogorc mas ar wamouyenebia _ dauSvebelia (384-e muxli). _ gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi dasabuTebulobis Semowmebis dros sasamarTlom yuradReba unda miaqcios or garemoebas: a) romel faqtobriv garemoebas Tvlis sasamarTlo dadgenilad da amyarebs Tavis gadawyvetilebas gasaCivrebul nawilSi da b) dasturdeba Tu ara es garemoebebi saqmeSi arsebuli an axlad warmodgenili mtkicebulebebiT. 2. gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi dasabuTebulobis Semowmebisas saapelacio sasamarTlom unda gansazRvros, sworad gamoiyena Tu ara gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom kanoni, e. i. iuridiulad sworad Seafasa Tu ara sasamarTlom is faqtobrivi garemoebebi, romlebic man dadgenilad CaTvala. _ samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT Sefasebisas sasamarTlosaTvis mTavari orientiria 393-e muxli, romelic gansazRvravs, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi CaiTvleba kanoni darRveulad da 394-e muxli, romelic Seicavs sakasacio saCivris absolutur safuZvlebs, anu gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis udavo safuZvlebis CamonaTvals, romlebic mTlianad vrceldeba saapelacio sasamarTlozec (ix. am muxlebis komentari). _ gadawyvetilebis rogorc faqtobrivi, ise iuridiuli dasabuTebulobis Semowmebis dros saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia gascdes saapelacio saCivris farglebs, e. i. SeuZlia Seamowmos darRvevebi, daSvebuli mtkicebulebebis Sefasebisa da faqtiuri garemoebebis dadgenis dros, agreTve kanonis iseTi darR- 646 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari vevebi, romlebzec ar iyo miTiTebuli saapelacio saCivarSi. 3. gasaCivrebis dasaSvebobis TvalsazrisiT ganCinebebi SeiZleba or jgufad davyoT: a) ganCinebebi, romlebzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, rac imas niSnavs, rom am ganCinebebis gasaCivreba dasaSvebia calke, gadawyvetilebisagan damoukideblad da b) ganCinebebi, romelTa calke gasaCivreba ar SeiZleba, magram dasaSvebia maTi uaryofa da maT winaaRmdeg mosazrebaTa Camoyalibeba gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul saapelacio saCivarSi. _ is ganCinebebi, romlebzec dasaSvebia kerZo saCivris Setana, SeiZleba, ama Tu im mizezis gamo, ar iyo Tavis droze gasaCivrebuli mxaris mier an imis gamo, rom mxarem gauSva misi gasaCivrebis vada, an imis gamo, rom ar moisurva maSin misi calke gasaCivreba. aseTi, Tumca gasaCivrebadi, magram Tavis droze gausaCivrebeli ganCinebebi uTanabrdeba da iziarebs im ganCinebebis `beds~, romlebzec ar SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, magram Tavisuflad SeiZleba maTi uaryofa gadawyvetilebasTan erTad. es imas ar niSnavs, rom gadawyvetilebaze calke unda daiweros saapelacio saCivari, xolo zemoxsenebul ganCinebebze _ calke saCivari (igive kerZo saCivari). ra Tqma unda ara! am ganCinebebis usworobaze SeiZleba miTiTebuli iyos mxolod saapelacio saCivarSi. saapelacio saCivarSi am ganCinebebis dausabuTeblobaze miTiTebas is mniSvneloba SeiZleba hqondes, rom swored maTi miRebis wyalobiT iqna gamotanili dausabuTebeli da ukanono gadawyvetileba. magaliTad, apelantma Tavis saapelacio saCivarSi miuTiTa, rom saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoeba ver dadasturda, radgan sasamarTlom Tavisi araswori da dausabuTebeli ganCinebiT uari uTxra mas Sesabamisi mtkicebulebis miRebaze, mowmis gamoZaxebasa da dakiTxvaze, eqspertizis daniSvnaze da a. S. an kidev, sasamarTlom Tavisi ganCinebiT, romelic kanonis dar647 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali RveviTaa miRebuli, uari uTxra mas Suamdgomlobaze acilebis Sesaxeb da a. S. sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebasTan erTad saapelacio saCivriT gasaCivrebul ganCinebaze saapelacio sasamarTlos ar gamoaqvs calke ganCineba. saapelacio saCivris obieqtia sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba. am gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis mimarT mas gamoaqvs Tavisi gadawyvetileba. Tu im ganCinebebs, romlebic win uswreben gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas, marTlac SeeZloT gamoewvia misi faqtobrivi Tu iuridiuli dausabuTebuloba, mas gamoaqvs Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) swored am gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis da ara manamde miRebuli ganCinebebis mimarT. 4. sasamarTlos uwyebriv qvemdebareobas (me-11 muxli) saapelacio sasamarTlo amowmebs Tavisi iniciativiT. Tavisi iniciativiT amowmebs igi agreTve saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso kompetencias, risTvisac xelmZRvanelobs saqarTvelos kanoniT `saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ (ix. am kanonis me-8-20 muxlebi). 5. gansjadobis Semowmeba saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia mxolod mopasuxis moTxovniT. aseTi moTxovna ki mopasuxes SeuZlia wamoayenos mxolod 21-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis safuZvelze (ix. am muxlis komentari). muxli 378. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqma 1. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqma dasaSvebia saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde. saqmis zepiri ganxilvisas saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqma dasaSvebia mowinaaRmdege mxaris TanxmobiT. 2. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi mxares erTmeva ufleba kvlav gaasaCivros sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT. saapelacio sasamarTlos 648 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari gamoaqvs ganCineba sasamarTlo xarjebis Sesaxeb. 1. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqma unda ganvasxvavoT gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqmisagan (370-e muxli). saapelacio gasaCivrebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi saapelacio saCivari aRar daiSveba. saapelacio saCivarze uari ki gulisxmobs imas, rom apelants ar hqonia naTqvami uari saapelacio gasaCivrebaze, waradgina saapelacio saCivari, magram Semdgom gadaifiqra da uari Tqva Tavis saCivarze. aseTi uari apelants SeuZlia Tqvas saqmis zepiri ganxilvis anu sasamarTlo sxdomis dawyebamde, magram Tu aseTi uari man Tqva saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros, maSin saWiroa mowinaaRmdege mxaris Tanxmoba. Tu aseTi Tanxmoba ar iqneba, saapelacio sasamarTlom unda ganixilos saCivari. 2. saapelacio saCivarze apelantis mier uaris Tqmas, anu saapelacio saCivris gamoxmobas ukavSirdeba seriozuli Sedegi: apelants erTmeva ufleba kvlav gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT. _ saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis (saCivris gamoxmobis) SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs `ganCineba saapelacio warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb apelantis mier saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis gamo~. amave ganCinebiT unda ganisazRvros xarjebis gadaxdis sakiTxic. saapelacio warmoebiT gamowveuli xarjebis gadaxda unda daekisros apelants imis analogiurad, rodesac mosarCele uars ambobs mis mier aRZrul sarCelze (54e muxli). _ am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar daiSveba. muxli 379. Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZlia saapelacio saCivris gadacemidan 10 dRis vadaSi 649 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali waradginos Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari, miuxedavad imisa, gancxadebuli aqvs Tu ara uari saapelacio saCivris Setanaze. saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis an misi ganuxilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari ar ganixileba. _ Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari SeuZlia waradginos mowinaaRmdege mxarem im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac mas uari aqvs naTqvami gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze (370-e muxli). _ Segebebuli saapelacio saCivriT apelantis mowinaaRmdege mxare moiTxovs gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas im nawilSi, romelic apelantis sasargeblodaa gamotanili da, maSasadame, apelantis mier araa gasaCivrebuli. Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris dakmayofileba iqneba ara sauaresod Sebruneba, aramed Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris dasabuTebulad cnoba. Segebebuli saCivris wardgeniT sauaresod Sebrunebis akrZalvis principi aRar moqmedebs. _ Segebebul saapelacio saCivars, zogierTi gamonaklisis garda, waeyeneba igive moTxovnebi, rogoric ZiriTad saapelacio saCivars (368-e muxli). es gamonaklisebi SemdegSi mdgomareobs: a) Segebebul saapelacio saCivarze ar vrceldeba kanonis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom saapelacio saCivris Rirebuleba aRematebodes 1000 lars. igi SeiZleba 1000 larze naklebic iyos; b) Segebebul saapelacio saCivarze ar vrceldeba kanonis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom saapelacio saCivris wardgena unda moxdes 14 dReSi (369-e muxli). igi SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes saapelacio sasamarTloSi saapelacio saCivris gadacemidan 10 dRis vadaSi. g) Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari organuladaa dakavSirebuli ZiriTad saapelacio saCivarTan. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu apelanti uars ityvis Tavis saapela650 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari cio saCivarze (378-e muxli) an saapelacio sasamarTlo ganuxilvelad datovebs mas (374-e muxli), maSin Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari kargavs Tavis daniSnulebas da isic uaryofil unda iqnes, e. i. am saCivris mimarTac unda Sewydes saapelacio warmoeba (378-e muxli) an, Tu ZiriTadi saapelacio saCivari ganuxilvelad iqna datovebuli (374-e muxli), aseve ganuxilvelad unda darCes Segebebuli saapelacio saCivaric. amdagvarad samarTlebrivi Sefaseba Camoayaliba saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palatam Tavis erT-erT ganCinebaSi, romelic mTlianad vrceldeba agreTve saapelacio sasamarTloSi Setanil Segebebul saapelacio saCivarze. am ganCinebaSi kerZod aRniSnulia: `sakasacio saCivari dauSvebelia da igi ganuxilveli unda darCes. aseve ganuxilveli unda darCes mowinaaRmdege mxaris Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari, radgan maT gaSvebuli aqvT sakasacio saCivris Setanis erTTviani vada da maTi sakasacio saCivari, rogorc Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari, dasaSvebad iqna miCneuli mxolod imis gamo, rom arsebobda ZiriTadi sakasacio saCivari. vinaidan sakasacio saCivari dauSveblad iqna miCneuli da ganuxilvelad darCa, mopasuxeTa Segebebuli sakasacio saCivaric ganuxilvelad unda darCes, radgan ZiriTadi sakasacio saCivris gareSe ar akmayofilebs kanoniT sakasacio saCivrisaTvis dadgenil kriteriums, kerZod, gaSvebulia sakasacio saCivris Setanis vada~.59 sakasacio sasamarTlos es pozicia amJamad asaxulia am muxlis pirvel nawilSi. d) Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari gaiziarebs ZiriTadi saapelacio saCivris beds, Tu igi wardgenilia saapelacio gasaCivrebis vadaSi (14 dRe) da am Segebebuli saCivris Rirebuleba aRemateba 1000 lars. aseT SemTxvevaSi Segebebuli saCivris Semomta- 59 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #2, gv. 287 651 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ni piri ganixileba rogorc damoukidebeli saapelacio saCivris warmomdgeni piri. am SemTxvevaSi Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari ganxilul unda iqnes rogorc damoukidebeli saapelacio saCivari, miuxedavad imisa, uari Tqva apelantma Tavis ZiriTad saapelacio saCivarze Tu ara. muxli 380. axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi 1. saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas SeiZleba moyvanil iqnes axali faqtebi da wardgenil iqnes axali mtkicebulebebi. 2. axali faqtebi da axali mtkicebulebebi, romlebic mxares SeeZlo warmoedgina pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas, saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar miiRos, rogorc dagvianebiT warmodgenili, Tu maTi ganxilva xels SeuSlis saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis droulad ganxilvas da mxarem es masalebi pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos arasapatio mizeziT ar warudgina. am muxlis dedaazri mdgomareobs imaSi, rom faqtebi, romelTa Sesaxeb cnobilia mxareebisaTvis, unda waredginos pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili amkvidrebs praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT uaRresad mniSvnelovan debulebas, kerZod, mxareebs, romlebmac mimarTes sasamarTlos saapelacio saCivriT an am saCivarze SesagebliT, am muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis arsebobisas, SeuZliaT: a) moiyvanon axali faqtebi. axali faqtebi es iseTi faqtebia, romlebic adre ar iyo miTiTebuli mxareebis mier imis gamo, rom ar iyo cnobili maT Sesaxeb da 652 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari warmoiSvnen pirvel instanciaSi saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg, an kidev, TiTon mxarem, an sasamarTlom ar CaTvala isini saqmisTvis mniSvnelobis mqoned. faqtebi qmnian sarCelis (Sesageblis) safuZvels. aqedan gamomdinare, mosarCeles saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros SeuZlia Secvalos sarCelis safuZveli, xolo mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZlia daupirispiros mas axali faqtebi. amasTan dakavSirebiT metad mniSvnelovania sakasacio sasamarTlos samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romlis Tanaxmad `ssk 380-e muxliT saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas SeiZleba moyvanil iqnes axali faqtebi da axali mtkicebulebebi. cxadia, rom axali mtkicebulebebis wardgena emsaxureba sarCelis safuZvelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebis dadasturebas. kanonmdebeli uflebas aniWebs ra apelants waradginos axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi saqmis saapelacio wesiT ganxilvisas, uSvebs SesaZleblobas Secvalos sarCelis safuZveli~.60 b) apelants da mis mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZliaT warmoadginon saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas axali mtkicebulebebi (382-e muxli). mxareTa es uflebebi warmoiSoba mxolod da mxolod am muxlis meore nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul pirobebSi. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili amkvidrebs praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT uaRresad principul debulebas _ saapelacio sasamarTlo ar miiRebs da ar gamoikvlevs axal faqtebs da mtkicebulebebs, Tu: a) es axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi mxares SeeZlo moeyvana jer kidev saqmis pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis dros; b) am axali faqtebisa da mtkicebulebebis miReba da ganxilva xels SeuSlis saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis droulad ganxilvas; 60 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #3, gv. 675. 653 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali g) mxarem arasapatio mizeziT ar warudgina es masalebi pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos. _ saapelacio sasamarTlom yovelTvis gansakuTrebuli gulmodginebiT unda Seafasos axali faqtebisa da axali mtkicebulebebis miRebisa da gamokvlevis dasaSvebobis aq miTiTebuli pirobebi. araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda davuSvaT da ar unda ganvixiloT es axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi, Tu cxadia, rom raRac taqtikuri Tu sxva mosazrebiT Semoinaxa isini mxarem saapelacio sasamarTlosTvis da raRac moulodneli TavdasxmiT gamowveuli efeqtis miRebis survili amoZravebda mas. _ rac Seexeba faqtebsa da mtkicebulebebs, romlebic iyo mxareTa mier wamoyenebuli pirvel instanciaSi, maT SeuZliaT kvlav wamoayenon apelaciaSi im SemTxvevaSi, Tu pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom SecdomiT ar CaTvala es faqtebi saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqoned da amitom ar daadgina, an marTalia daadgina, magram saproceso normebis darRveviT. _ Tu axali an xelmeored dasaxelebuli faqtebi dasaSvebad cno apelaciam, man unda ganusazRvros mxareebs dro Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebis warmosadgenad, Tu isini ar iyo warmodgenili maT mier. Tu mxareebi am vadaSi ar warmoadgenen aRniSnul mtkicebulebebs, apelaciam unda uaryos da ar ganixilos es faqtebi (206-e da 215-e muxlebi). saapelacio sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon, rom axali faqtebisa da axali mtkicebulebebis wardgena saapelacio sasamarTloSi unda ganxorcieldes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (ix. 373-e muxlis komentari). winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar miiRos da ar ganixilos isini. muxli 381. davis sagnis Secvla da gadideba davis sagnis Secvla an gadideba, Segebebu654 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari li sarCelis Setana da xarjebis gansazRvra saapelacio sasamarTloSi dauSvebelia. mosarCeles sruli ufleba aqvs Secvalos davis (sarCelis) sagani, gaadidos an Seamciros es sagani (ix. 83-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari), aseve, mopasuxes SeuZlia Tavi daicvas sarCelisagan Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvriT (ix. 188-e muxlis komentari), magram am saproceso moqmedebaTa SesrulebisaTvis samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi gansazRvravs garkveul wess. davis sagnis Secvla an gadideba, agreTve Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra, rogorc wesi, dakavSirebulia axali faqtobrivi garemoebebis dadgenasTan da axali mtkicebulebebis warmodgenasTan, ramac ar SeiZleba ar gamoiwvios saqmis ganxilvis (saapelacio saCivris) da gadawyvetis gaWianureba, maSin rodesac am saproceso moqmedebaTa realizacia SeiZleboda ganxorcielebuliyo jer kidev saqmis momzadebis stadiaze pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi. rogorc Cans, am mosazrebiT xelmZRvanelobda kanonmdebeli, rodesac akrZala saapelacio sasamarTloSi davis sagnis Secvla, gadadeba, an Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra. muxli 382. mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva 1. saapelacio sasamarTlo miiRebs axlad warmodgenil mtkicebulebebs, Tu maT mniSvneloba aqvT saqmisaTvis, 380-e muxlis moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiT. 2. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia gaiziaros pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevis Sedegebi mTlianad an nawilobriv. 655 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 1. am muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadobis principi, romelic ganmtkicebulia agreTve ssk 104-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari) da romlis Tanaxmad sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos mtkicebulebebi, `romlebsac saqmisaTvis mniSvneloba ar aqvT~. saapelacio sasamarTlo araa SeboWili pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebis Semowmebisa da Sefasebis SedegebiT. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia kvlav Seamowmos da Seafasos es mtkicebulebebi. Tu es aucilebelia gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi dasabuTebulobis SemowmebisaTvis, agreTve, Tu arsebobs 380-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebi (ix. am muxlis komentari). _ faqtebisa da mtkicebulebebis Sefasebas da Semowmebas saapelacio sasamarTlo axdens saapelacio saCivriT wamoyenebul moTxovnasTan mimarTebaSi, romliTac SeboWilia saapelacio sasamarTlo. 2. Tu saapelacio sasamarTlo ar iziarebs pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebisa da Sefasebis Sedegs, igi valdebulia Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi) miuTiTos, Tu ratom ar CaTvala saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone faqti dadasturebulad, romelic pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom dadasturebulad CaTvla, ratom ar SeiZleba esa Tu is mtkicebuleba miviCnioT utyuarad (sarwmunod), romelic pirvelma instanciam sarwmunod CaTvala da a. S. muxli 383. saqmis zepiri ganxilva 1. saqmis zepiri ganxilva iwyeba saapelacio sasamarTlos erT-erTi wevris moxsenebiT. 2. momxsenebeli warmoadgens saqmis garemoebebs, pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos 656 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari gadawyvetilebis safuZvlebs, ris Semdegac mxareebs eZleva sityva Suamdgomlobebis dasayeneblad da dasasabuTeblad da iwyeba mxareTa axsna-ganmartebebis mosmena. 3. saqmis ganxilvas uSualod unda mohyves mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva. saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis zepiri ganxilva mimdinareobs im wesebis dacviT, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia pirveli instanciis sasamarTlosaTvis (210228-e muxlebi), im TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebzec miTiTebulia am kodeqsis me-8 kariT. 1. ise, rogorc pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi, saapelacio sasamarTloSic saqmis zepiri ganxilva iwyeba erT-erTi mosamarTlis moxsenebiT. _ saqmis ganxilvis dawyebis aseT wess aqvs didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba: saqmis ganxilvaSi monawile apelants da sxva pirebs SesaZlebloba eZlevaT gaarkvion, Tu ramdenad sworad gaigo saapelacio sasamarTlom saapelacio saCivarSi Camoyalibebuli apelantis moTxovna da misi Sinaarsi, mowinaaRmdege mxaris Sesagebeli da misi Sinaarsi. aseTi wesi saSualebas aZlevs mxareebs daazuston da Sesworeba Seitanon momxsenebeli mosamarTlis gamosvlaSi, Tu am gamosvlaSi raime uzustoba, gaugebroba an Secdoma iyo daSvebuli. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs im ZiriTadi sakiTxebis wres, romlebsac unda Seexos saapelacio mosamarTle Tavis moxsenebaSi. es sakiTxebia: a) saqmis garemoebebi, e. i. vin aRZra sarCeli, vis winaaRmdeg, rogoria mosarCelis moTxovna da mopasuxis Sesagebeli, romel garemoebebs emyarebian mxareebi TavianTi moTxovnebis Tu Sesageblis dasasabuTeblad, ra da romeli mtkicebulebebi waradgines maT pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi am garemoebebis dasadastureblad. b) pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyveti657 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali lebis safuZvlebi, e. i. faqtobrivi garemoebebi, romlebic dadasturebulad da dadgenilad CaTvala da safuZvlad daudo Tavis gadawyvetilebas pirvelma instanciam (gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi safuZvlebi), kanonebi, romliTac ixelmZRvanela sasamarTlom am faqtobrivi garemoebebis samarTlebrivi Sefasebis mizniT (gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi). g) saapelacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle Tavis moxsenebaSi unda Seexos agreTve, Tu rogoria saapelacio saCivris moTxovna, anu ras moiTxovs apelanti _ gadawyvetilebis mTlianad Tu nawilobriv gauqmebas, Secvlas Tu axali gadawyvetilebis gamotanas (saapelacio saCivris ganacxadi), ra faqtobriv Tu samarTlebriv safuZvlebs emyareba apelanti, romeli kanonia misi azriT darRveuli da raSi gamoixateba konkretulad es darRveva (393-e da 394-e muxlebi). ra faqtobriv garemoebebs emyareba saapelacio mopasuxis mier warmodgenili werilobiTi Sesagebeli da a.S. momxsenebel mosamarTles SeuZlia sxva sakiTxebsac Seexos, Tu mas es saWirod miaCnia. _ momxsenebeli mosamarTlis Semdeg sityva eZleva mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs. maT ufleba aqvT daazuston da daakonkreton TavianTi moTxovnebisa da Sesageblis Sinaarsi, Tu momxsenebelma mosamarTlem raime Secdoma an uzustoba dauSva, magram maT ar unda gaimeoron is, rac ukve iTqva momxsenebeli mosamarTlis mier. pirveli gamodis apelanti, xolo Semdeg mowinaaRmdege mxare. sasamarTlos nebarTviT mxareebma SeiZleba SekiTxva miscen erTmaneTs. 3. saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilva da mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva (Semowmeba, Sefaseba) warmoebs im wesebis dacviT, rac dadgenilia pirveli instanciis sasamarTlosTvis, garda im gamonaklisebisa, rac dadgenilia saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis am kodeqsis merve kariT. 658 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari T a v i XLVII saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba muxli 384. gadawyvetilebis Secvlis farglebi saapelacio instanciis sasamarTlo uflebamosilia Secvalos pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba mxolod im farglebSi, rasac mxareebi moiTxoven. 1. saapelacio sasamarTlo SeboWilia saapelacio saCivris farglebiT (377-e muxli). es imas niSnavs, rom saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos gadawyvetileba mxolod saapelacio saCivris farglebSi, e. i. mxolod im nawilSi, romelic gasaCivrebulia. aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba gasauqmebeli da Sesacvlelia ara mxolod im nawilSi, romelsac moiTxovs apelanti, aramed mTlianad, rogorc im nawilSi, romelic apelantis sawinaaRmdegodaa gamotanili, ise im nawilSi, romelic mis sasargeblodaa gamotanili. miuxedavad amisa, saapelacio sasamarTlo ver gaauqmebs gadawyvetilebas mTlianad, an im nawilSi, romelic mis sasargeblodaa gamotanili, radgan es iqneboda sauaresod Sebruneba, rasac krZalavs es muxli, rodesac miuTiTebs, rom gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Secvla dasaSvebia `mxolod im farglebSi, rasac mxareebi moiTxoven~. _ ufro metic, apelanti kidec rom moiTxovdes gadawyvetilebis im nawilis (an mTlianad) gauqmebas an Secvlas, romelic mis sasargeblodaa gamotanili, saapelacio sasamarTlo mainc ver gaakeTebs amas: mxares SeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba mTlianad, Tu igi mis winaaRmdegaa gamotanili, an im nawilSi, romelic mis winaaRmdegaa miRebuli. amasTan dakavSirebiT sagulisxmoa sakasacio sasa659 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali marTlos miTiTeba erT-erT saqmeze imis Sesaxeb, rom marTalia apelantma gaasaCivra gadawyvetileba mTlianad, e.i. im nawilSic, romelic mis sasargeblodaa gamotanili, magram sasamarTlos unda emsjela mxolod gadawyvetilebis im nawilze, romelic apelantis winaaRmdegaa gamotanili. miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlom gaauqma gadawyvetileba mTlianad da amiT `moaxdina apelantis mdgomareobis sauaresod Sebruneba, rac dauSvebelia.~61 _ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT sauaresod Sebruneba da Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris dakmayofileba (379-e muxli). Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris dakmayofileba, e. i. gadawyvetilebis im nawilis gauqmeba, romelic apelantis sasargeblodaa gamotanili, iqneba ara sauaresod Sebruneba, aramed Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris dakmayofileba. damoukidebeli da Segebebuli saapelacio saCivris erToblivad ganxilvis pirobebSi sauaresod Sebrunebis akrZalva aRar moqmedebs. muxli 385. gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba da saqmis ukan dabruneba xelaxla gansaxilvelad 1. saapelacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da saqmes ubrunebs pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos xelaxla gansaxilvelad, Tu: a) adgili aqvs 394-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebs; b) gasaCivrebuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT arasworad eTqva uari dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis Taobaze Setanili saCivris daSvebaze; 61 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2002, #10, gv.1976, susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2005, #5, gv. 109 660 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari g) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba Seexeba mxolod sarCelis dasaSvebobas; d) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba arasworad gamotanili ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebaa. 2. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar gadaagzavnos saqme ukan da TviTon gadawvitos igi. 1. saapelacio sasamarTlos gaaCnia farTo uflebamosilebani . erT-erTi aseTi uflebamosilebaa gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba da saqmis ukan dabruneba xelaxla gansaxilvelad. am muxlSi CamoTvlilia gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis mxolod udavo safuZvlebi, kerZod: a) 394-e muxli, romelic Tavis mxriv warmoadgens 393-e muxlis dakonkretebas, Seicavs samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis normebis darRvevis ara amomwurav, aramed iseT CamonaTvals, romlis dros saapelacio sasamarTlo valdebulia gaauqmos gadawyvetileba (ix. am muxlis komentari). b) am qvepunqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs `ganCineba saCivris daukmayofileblobisa da dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb~ (240-e muxlis me-2 naw.), romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes apelaciis wesiT (240-e muxlis me-3 nawili). rac Seexeba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Taobaze Setanili saCivris daSvebaze uaris Tqmas, amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ara gadawyvetileba, aramed ganCineba, romelzec SeiZleba ara saapelacio, aramed kerZo saCivris Setana (239-e muxlis me-3 nawili). g) Tu sarCeli dasaSvebi ar aris imis gamo, rom ar arsebobs sarCelis uflebis winapirobebi (186-e muxli), sasamarTlos gamoaqvs `ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb~, romelzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (187-e muxlis me-3 nawili). 661 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali amrigad, am punqts sinamdvileSi mxedvelobaSi aqvs ara gadawyvetileba, aramed ganCineba. d) saapelacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxolod erTi da igive mxaris mimarT meored an ganmeorebiT gamotanili dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. aseTi ganmeorebiT gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gamotanis pirobebs iTvaliswinebs ssk 242-e da 366-e muxlebi (ix. am muxlebis komentari). Tu Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom ar arsebobda aseTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis pirobebi da safuZvlebi, igi unda gauqmdes. 2. saapelacio sasamarTlom TviTon unda gansazRvros, ra SemTxvevaSi ar gadaagzavnos saqme ukan xelaxla gansaxilvelad da ra SemTxvevaSi TviTon ganixilos da gadawyvitos saqme. vinaidan am muxlis pirveli nawilis `b~, `g~ da `d~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saCivris obieqts warmoadgens ganCinebebi da ganmeorebiT arasworad gamotanili dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebebi _ SeiZleba marTlac mizanSewonili iyos saqmis gansaxilvelad ukan dabruneba maTi gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi. xolo rac Seexeba am muxlis `a~ qvepunqtSi miTiTebul SemTxvevas, roca saapelacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas 393-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli erTerTi formiT materialur-samarTlebrivi normis darRvevis gamo, aseT da yvela sxva SemTxvevebSi ufro mizanSewonili iqneba saapelacio sasamarTlom ar daabrunos saqme ukan xelaxla gansaxilvelad da TviTon ganixilos da gadawyvitos igi (386-e muxli). muxli 386. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba Tu saapelacio saCivari dasaSvebia da saqme pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos ar ubrundeba, saapelacio sasamarTlo TviTon iRebs gadawyvetilebas saqmeze. igi 662 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Tavisi ganCinebiT uars ambobs saapelacio saCivris dakmayofilebaze an gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis SecvliT iRebs axal gadawyvetilebas saqmeze. _ am muxliT ganmtkicebulia saapelacio sasamarTlos Semdegi uflebamosilebani: a) uari uTxras apelants saCivris dakmayofilebaze da datovos gadawyvetileba ucvlelad, Tu saapelacio saCivarSi miTiTebul darRvevebs ar aqvs adgili da gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba faqtobrivad da iuridiulad dasabuTebulia. saapelacio saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmisa da gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad (ZalaSi) datovebis Sesaxeb saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec SeiZleba sakasacio saCivris Setana. b) auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da TviTon iRebs axal gadawyvetilebas, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio wesiT. g) auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da saqmes xelaxla gansaxilvelad abrunebs ukan, Tu arsebobs 385-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebi da saapelacio sasamarTlom mizanSewonilad CaTvala misi ukan dabruneba (ix. am muxlis komentari). _ rogorc praqtikis analizi gviCvenebs, saapelacio sasamarTloebi umetes SemTxvevaSi gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Semdeg saqmes abruneben ukan xelaxla gansaxilvelad. aseTi praqtika, marTalia, ar ewinaaRmdegeba kanons, magram araa sasurveli. saqme isaa, rom jer erTi _ apelacia saapelacio saCivris farglebSi gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi da iuridiuli dasabuTebulobis Semowmebaa, risTvisac saapelacio sasamarTlos gaaCnia yvela is saproceso meqanizmebi, rac aucilebelia aseTi SemowmebisaTvis, meore _ gadawyvetilebis Semowmebas axdenen ufro kvalificiuri mosamarTleebi kolegiurad. 663 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali amitom, yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas misi faqtobrivi Tu iuridiuli dausabuTeblobis gamo, dauSva da ganixila mxareTa mier warmodgenili faqtebi (380-e muxli), daiwyo mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Semowmeba, man aRar unda daabrunos saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad da TiTon unda miiRos axali gadawyvetileba. muxli 387. mxareTa gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebi 1. Tu saapelacio saCivris aRmZvreli piri ar gamocxaddeba saqmis zepir ganxilvaze, mowinaaRmdege mxaris TxovniT saapelacio sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. 2. Tu saqmis ganxilvaze mowinaaRmdege mxare ar gamocxaddeba, saapelacio saCivris Semtani piris TxovniT saapelacio sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas, romelic SeiZleba daemyaros momCivnis axsna-ganmartebas. 3. yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba am kodeqsSi Camoyalibebuli normebi pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Sesaxeb. am muxlis gamoyenebisas mxedvelobaSi unda iyos miRebuli is garemoeba, rom apelantis an misi mowinaaRmdegis gamoucxadebloba, an kidev, orive mxaris gamoucxadebloba, erTdroulad iwvevs pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi mxareTa gamoucxadeblobis analogiur, anu erTgvarovan Sedegebs, kerZod: 1. Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxadda apelanti (saapelacio mosarCele), romelsac uwyeba Cabarda kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, mowinaaRmdege mxaris Txov664 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari niT sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. _ Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare moiTxovs saqmis ganxilvis gadadebas, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gadadebs saqmis ganxilvas sxva droisaTvis, ris Sesaxebac acnobebs gamoucxadebel mxares (apelants), xolo gamocxadebul mowinaaRmdege mxares, agreTve saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebs afrTxilebs gadadebuli sxdomis dRis Sesaxeb da maTi gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb, rac Seitaneba oqmSi da razec xels aweren es pirebi. Tu apelanti kvlav ar gamocxaddeba, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. 2. Tu sxdomaze ar gamocxaddeba mowinaaRmdege mxare (saapelacio mopasuxe), maSin sasamarTlo, apelantis TxovniT, gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas, an Tu aseTi Txovna ar aris da igi moiTxovs saqmis ganxilvis gadadebas, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gadadebs saqmis ganxilvas, ris Sesaxebac afrTxilebs gamocxadebul mxares da dadgenili wesiT acnobebs gamoucxadebel pirebs. Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare kvlav ar gamocxaddeba, saapelacio sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivris dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb, oRond erTi pirobiT _ Tu saapelacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi iuridiulad amarTlebs saapelacio saCivarSi Camoyalibebul apelantis moTxovnas (230-e muxlis me-2 naw.). 3. saapelacio sasamarTloSi erT-erTi an orive mxaris gamoucxadeblobas ukavSirdeba igive Sedegebi, rogoric maT gamoucxadeblobas pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi. aqedan gamomdinare, mowinaaRmdege mxaris (saapelacio mopasuxis) gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi apelantis (saapelacio mosarCelis) mier miTiTebuli faqtebi iTvleba dadasturebulad, magram dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas apelantis sasargeblod mxolod im Sem665 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali TxvevaSi gamoitans saapelacio sasamarTlo, Tu es dadasturebulad (damtkicebulad) CaTvlili garemoebebi iuridiulad amarTlebs apelantis moTxovnas (ix. 230-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari). Tu ar amarTlebs, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gamoitans gadawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, magram es iqneba ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio wesiT. _ apelantis gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ssk 229-e muxlis pirobebis dacviT gamoitanos ara marto dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, aramed datovos saapelacio saCivari ganuxilvelad (229-e muxlis me-2 nawili). saapelacio sasamarTlo saCivars ganuxilvelad datovebs, roca sxdomaze ar cxaddeba arcerTi mxare (231-e muxli). muxli 388. saqmis ukan gadagzavna saapelacio sasamarTloSi gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg saqme axlad Semosul masalasa da saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebasTan (ganCinebasTan) gadaegzavneba pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos. _ es muxli gansazRvravs mxolod im etaps, rodesac saapelacio sasamarTlom ukan unda gadaugzavnos saqme Tavis gadawyvetilebasTan (ganCinebasTan) erTad pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos. es etapia saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla. Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) gasaCivrda kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi sakasacio sasamarTloSi, maSin saqme sakasacio saCivarTan erTad unda gadaigzavnos sakasacio sasamarTloSi. 666 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 389. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsi 1. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis Sesaval nawilSi unda mieTiTos: a) gadawyvetilebis gamotanis dro da adgili; b) sasamarTlos dasaxeleba da Semadgenloba; g) saapelacio saCivris Semomtani piris dasaxeleba; d) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba. 2. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba aRwerilobiTi da samotivacio nawilebis nacvlad unda Seicavdes: a) saapelacio saCivris Semomtani piris moTxovnas; b) saqmis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis daskvnebze miTiTebas, SesaZlo cvlilebebis an damatebebis gaTvaliswinebiT; g) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Secvlis dasabuTebas. Tu saapelacio sasamarTlo eTanxmeba pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos calkeul Sefasebas saqmis faqtobriv an/da samarTlebriv sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, maSin dasabuTeba icvleba masze miTiTebiT. 3. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili unda Seicavdes sasamarTlos daskvnas saapelacio saCivris mTlianad an nawilobriv dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb, miTiTebas sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis, agreTve gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis vadisa da wesis Taobaze. 667 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 1. es muxli gansazRvravs saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis Sinaarss, mis savaldebulo rekvizitebs. gadawyvetileba saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs, rodesac igi saqmes ar abrunebs ukan xelaxla gansaxilvelad da gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis SecvliT TviTon iRebs misgan gansxvavebul axal gadawyvetilebas. am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis Sesaval nawilSi unda mieTiTos iseT garemoebebze, romlebic saerToa sasamarTloebis mier gamotanili yvela ganCinebisa Tu gadawyvetilebisaTvis. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili aTavisuflebs saapelacio sasamarTlos Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi aRwerilobiTi da samotivacio nawilebis Camoyalibebisagan, magram gansazRvravs, Tu ra monacemebs unda Seicavdes es gadawyvetileba maT nacvlad. a) am muxlis me-2 nawilis „a“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi unda mieTiTos apelantis moTxovnaze, anu imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras moiTxovs apelanti. es moTxovna gadawyvetilebaSi unda Camoyalibdes saapelacio saCivris mixedviT (368e muxli). am moTxovnis zustad, naTlad da amomwuravad miTiTebas aqvs didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba: saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Secvalos pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba „im farglebSi, rasac mxareebi moiTxoven“ (384-e muxli). b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos agreTve gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi Camoyalibebuli daskvnebi „saqmis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT“, e.i. daskvnebze imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli faqtobrivi garemoebebi cno gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom dadgenilad da romeli ara. kanoniT zustad gansazRvruli pirobebis arsebobisas (380-e da 382-e muxlebi) mxares SeuZlia warudginos saapelacio sasamarTlos axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi. Tu amas hqonda adgili da 668 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari saapelacio sasamarTlom dadgenilad cno es axali faqtebi, amis Sesaxeb unda mieTiTos saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi, rogorc amas gvTavazobs „b“ qvepunqti. g) 389-e muxlis „g“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad saapelacio sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos, Tu ra faqtobriv da samarTlebriv safuZvlebs emyareboda saapelacio sasamarTlo, rodesac Secvala gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba da gamoitana axali gadawyvetileba. am TvalsazrisiT aq raime siaxle araa. siaxle mdgomareobs mxolod imaSi, rom saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi miuTiTos gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi Camoyalibebul davaze faqtebis arseboba - ararsebobis Sesaxeb, romlebsac iziarebs saapelacio sasamarTlo, agreTve, am gadawyvetilebaSi Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Sefasebebze. gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi Camoyalibebul aseT daskvnebze da Sefasebebze miTiTebiT SeiZleba Seicvalos saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis dasabuTeba. amrigad, 389-e muxlSi Setanili cvlilebebis mizania saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis gadawyvetilebis Camoyalibebis gamartiveba da Semsubuqeba, magram aseTi cvlileba kide ufro aZlierebs kanonis moTxovnas imis Sesaxeb, rom pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba kargad iyos motivirebuli faqtobrivad da iuridiulad, xolo saapelacio sasamarTlom zustad da Seucdomlad miuTiTos Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi daskvnebze da Sefasebebze, romlebic Camoyalibebulia gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi da romlebsac igi eTanxmeba da iziarebs. aseT miTiTebebs aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis, romlisTvisac savaldebuloa saapelacio sasamarTlos mier damtkicebulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebebi (407-e muxli). amieridan, sapelacio sasamarTlos mier damtkicebulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesaxeb informacia sakasacio sasamarTlos 669 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali miewodeba ara mxolod saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, aramed saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebiTac. 3. sarezolucio nawili - esaa sakuTriv gadawyvetileba, romelic gadadis saaRsrulebo furcelSi, Tu gadawyvetileba aRsrulebadia. amitom, misi rac SeiZleba naTlad da amomwuravad Camoyalibebaze mTlianadaa damokidebuli ara marto gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba, aramed im uflebebis realurad dacva, romlebic am gadawyvetilebiTaa aRiarebuli. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi savaldebuloa sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb, agreTve, gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis vadisa da wesis Sesaxeb miTiTeba (ix. 249-e muxlis me-5 nawilis komentari). muxli 390. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebis Sinaarsi 1. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, romliTac saqme xelmeored ar wydeba arsebiTad, miiReba ganCinebis formiT. 2. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebis Sesaval nawilSi unda mieTiTos: a) ganCinebis gamotanis dro da adgili; b) sasamarTlos dasaxeleba da Semadgenloba; g) saapelacio saCivris an kerZo saCivris (saCivris) Semomtani piris dasaxeleba; d) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba (ganCineba) 3. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba aRwerilobiTi da samotivacio nawilebis nacvlad unda Seicavdes: a) saapelacio saCivris an kerZo saCivris (saCivris) Semomtani piris moTxovnas; b) saqmis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT gasa- 670 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Civrebuli gadawyvetilebis daskvnebze miTiTebas; g) mokle dasabuTebas gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis an ucvlelad datovebis Sesaxeb. Tu saapelacio sasamarTlo eTanxmeba pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos Sefasebebs da daskvnebs saqmis faqtobriv an/ da samarTlebriv sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, maSin dasabuTeba icvleba maTze miTiTebiT. 4. ganCinebis sarezolucio nawili unda Seicavdes sasamarTlos daskvnas saapelacio saCivris an kerZo saCivris (saCivris) mTlianad an nawilobriv dakmayofilebis an dakmayofilebaze uaris Sesaxeb, miTiTebas sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis, agreTve ganCinebis gasaCivrebis vadisa da wesis Taobaze. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili 284-e muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesis Sesabamisad amkvidrebs wess, romlis Tanaxmad sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac saqme xelmeored ar wydeba arsebiTad, miiReba ganCinebis formiT. es imas niSnavs, rom Tu saapelacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas da saqmes abrunebs xelaxla gansaxilvelad an wyvets saqmis warmoebas (272-e muxli) an, kidev sarCels ganuxilvelad tovebs (275-e muxli), mas gamoaqvs ganCineba. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba gamoaqvs maSinac, roca ZalaSi (ucvlelad) tovebs gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas. es CamonaTvali araa amomwuravi. saapelacio, kerZo saCivris Tu saCivris ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT wamoWril nebismier sakiTxze saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos ganCineba, magram zemoT CamoTvlili ganCinebebi, romlebic gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Semdgom beds gansazRvravs, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad saapelacio sasa- 671 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali marTlos ganCinebis Sesaval nawilSi unda aRiniSnos iseTi monacemebi, romlebic saerToa sasamarTlos mier miRebul yvela gadawyvetilebis Tu ganCinebisaTvis. 3. ise, rogorc saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebac aRwerilobiTi da samotivacio nawilebis nacvlad unda Seicavdes saCivris Semomtani piris moTxovnas, gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) daskvnebze miTiTebas, gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Tu ucvlelad datovebis mokle dasabuTebas. aseTi dasabuTeba SeiZleba Seicvalos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) im daskvnebze da Sefasebebze miTiTebiT, romlebic Camoyalibebulia gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi) da romlebsac iziarebs saapelacio sasamarTlo. sxva mxriv, yvelaferi rac iTqva sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis Sinaarsisa da dasabuTebulobis, agreTve sarezolucio nawilis Sesaxeb mTlianad exeba sasamarTlos ganCinebasac (ix. 389-e muxlis komentari). 672 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari kari mecxre kasacia T a v i XLVIII kasaciis dasaSveboba muxli 391. sakasacio saCivris Setana da saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba 1. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi mxareebma da mesame pirebma damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT SeiZleba kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi gaasaCivron sakasacio sasamarTloSi. 2. sakasacio saCivari qonebriv-samarTlebriv davebSi dasaSvebia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba 50000 lars aRemateba. 3. sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT Secvlaze Seaqvs saCivari mxares. Tu am Rirebulebis odenoba eWvs iwvevs, sakasacio saCivris Semtanma pirma es Rirebuleba sarwmunod unda daadasturos. 4. araqonebriv-samarTlebriv davebSi sakasacio saCivari dasaSvebia sityvisa da gamoxatvis TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebul davebze. 5. sakasacio saCivari sxva qonebriv da araqonebriv davebSi dasaSvebia, Tu: a) saqme mniSvnelovania samarTlis ganviTarebisa da erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis; b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba 673 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali gansxvavdeba am kategoriis saqmeebze saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos manamde arsebuli praqtikisagan; g) saapelacio sasamarTlos mier saqme ganxilulia mniSvnelovani saproceso darRveviT, romelsac SeeZlo arsebiTad emoqmeda saqmis ganxilvis Sedegze; d) gasaCivrebulia saapelacio sasamarTlos meore dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba an ganCineba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Taobaze. 6. samoqalaqo saqmeebze sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis da ganxilvis vadaa 6 Tve. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili or sakiTxs awesrigebs: pirveli _ romeli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi (ganCinebebi) SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio wesiT (sakasacio gasaCivrebis obieqti) da meore _ vis SeuZlia gaasaCivros es gadawyvetilebebi (sakasacio gasaCivrebis subieqtebi). sakasacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivrdes, anu sakasacio gasaCivrebis obieqti SeiZleba iyos: a) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi; b) saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCinebebi, romlebic gamotanilia saapelacio saCivrebis ganxilvis Sedegad, kerZod, saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad (ZalaSi) datovebis Sesaxeb, agreTve, ganCineba gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da saqmis xelaxla ganxilvisaTvis ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb; g) saapelacio sasamarTloebis meore dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebebi, gamotanili ganmeorebiT dauswreblobis gamo (ix.392-e muxlis komentari). praqtikaSi gvxvdeba SemTxvevebi, rodesac mxares Semoaqvs sakasacio saCivari raionuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaze. Cveni saproceso kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs e.w. „naxtomisebur kasaciis“ dasaSve674 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari bobas, amitom sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis ganuxilvelad tovebs aseT saCivars.62 - sakasacio saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone pirebi arian: a) mxareebi (mosarCele, mopasuxe); b) mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT; g) uflebamonacvleebi; d) Tanamonawileebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopasuxeebi maTi Tanamonawileobis safuZvlebiT gansazRvrul farglebSi; e) pirebi, romlebic ar figurireben saqmeSi rogorc mxareebi, magram sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT ganisazRvra maTi uflebebi da movaleobebi erT-erTi mxaris mimarT. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili exeba mxolod qonebriv davebs. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba aRemateba 50000 lars - es aris sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis savsebiT sakmarisi piroba, anu sakasacio sasamarTlom unda miiRos saCivari gansaxilvelad (403-e muxli). 3. sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebulebis gansazRvris kriteriumia ara sarCelis sagnis (sasarCelo moTxovnis) Rirebuleba, aramed saapelacio sasamarTlos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba (ganCineba). magaliTad, Tu saapelacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba ar aRemateboda 50000 lars da saapelacio sasamarTlom daakmayofila an uari uTxra apelants am saCivris dakmayofilebaze, maSin cxadia, rom sakasacio saCivari am gadawyvetilebaze(ganCinebaze) ar SeiZleba aRematebodes 50000 lars da mxolod am niSniT igi dauSvebelia (ix. am muxlis me-5 nawilis komentari). Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT nawilobriv dakmayofilda saapelacio saCivari, xolo nawilobriv uari iTqva mis dakmayofilebaze, maSin saka62 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, #6, 2003, gv. 1976-1384. 675 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali sacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu gadawyvetilebis romeli nawilia gasaCivrebuli. magaliTad, Tu saapelacio sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT daakmayofila saapelacio saCivris moTxovna mxolod nawilobriv, kerZod, 40 000 laris farglebSi, magram uari uTxra apelants 30 000 laris dakmayofilebaze da gadawyvetileba gasaCivrda sakasacio wesiT am nawilSi, e.i. 30000 laris dakmayofilebaze uarisTqmis nawilSi, sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba iqneba 30000 lari. es imas niSnavs, rom sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebulebis kriteriumiT (50000 lari) es saCivari dauSvebelia. sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebulebis damtkicebis tvirTi, rodesac es Rirebuleba eWvs iwvevs, kasators ekisreba, risTvisac mas SeuZlia warmoadginos amis damadasturebeli dokumentebi, kerZod, presis furclebidan amonabeWdi, romelic Seicavs cnobebs sadavo nivTebis Rirebulebis Sesaxeb, oficialuri preiskurantebi, specialistis daskvnebi da a.S. dauSvebelia kasatoris mier saCivris sagnis Rirebulebis TviTneburad gazrda, mxolod im mizniT, rom saCivari kasaciuri gaxdes. 4. am muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad sakasacio saCivari araqonebriv samarTlebriv davebSi dasaSvebia, Tu igi exeba sityvisa da gamoxatvis TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebul nebismier davas. aseTi sakasacio saCivris daSvebisaTvis raime damatebiT kriteriumi saWiro araa. sityvisa da gamoxatvis TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba mravali sxvadasxva xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis dava wamoiWras. magaliTad, sakuTar sityvaze uflebis mixedviT dauSvebelia piris unebarTvod an misi survilis sawinaaRmdegod mis mier arasajarod warmoTqmuli sityvis firze Cawera. cxadia, rom am pirs SeuZlia moiTxovos aseTi Canaweris nebismieri miznebisaTvis (magaliTad, mtkicebulebad) gamoyeneba. dava SeiZleba warmoiSvas sakuTar suraTze da sakuTari pirovnebis warmosaxvaze uflebis darRvevas676 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Tan dakavSirebiT, saqme isaa, rom adamianis ufleba sakuTar suraTze, anu ufleba TviTon gansazRvros ramdenad SeiZleba misawvdomi iyos sxvebisaTvis fotosuraTebi an videoCanawerebi misi gamosaxulebiT _ daculia kanoniT.63 aRsaniSnavia, rom samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-18 muxlis me-5 nawilis Tanaxmad pirs, romlis gamosaxuleba (fotosuraTi, kinofilmi, videofilmi da a.S.) gamoqveyndeba misi Tanxmobis gareSe, SeuZlia sasamarTlos meSveobiT moiTxovos uflebis dacva, garda iseTi SemTxvevebisa, roca aseT gamosaxulebaze misi Tanxmoba araa saWiro. Tu rodis araa saWiro misi Tanxmoba gansazRvravs kanoni (sk me-18 muxlis me-5 nawili). aRsaniSnavia isic, rom am pirs SeuZlia moiTxovos zianis (zaralis) anazRaurebac, Tu sakuTar gamosaxulebaze misi uflebis darRveva moxda xelmyofis braliT.64 5. am muxlis me-5 nawili awesrigebs sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobas iseT qonebriv davebSi, romelTa Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 50000 lars da iseT araqonebriv davebSi, romlebic ar ganekuTvneba sityvisa da gamoxatvis TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebul davebs. sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis winapirobebi (wanamZRvrebi), romlebic Camoyalibebulia me-5 nawilis „a“, „b“ da „g“ qvepunqtebSi erTnairad exeba, rogorc qonebriv, ise araqonebriv davebs. ganvixiloT sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis es winapirobebi. a) saqme mniSvnelovania samarTlis ganviTarebisa da erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis. am punqtis azri da Sinaarsi ar SeiZleba gavigoT ise, TiTqos sakasacio saCivris daSvebisaTvis aucilebeli 63 dawvrilebiT sityvisa da gamoxatvis (TviTgamosaxvis) uflebis Sinaarsis Sesaxeb ix. k.kublaSvili, ZiriTadi uflebebi, g-ba jisiai, Tb. 2003, gv. 116 da 206. 64 ix. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari. wigni pirveli. Tb. 2002. gv.65. 677 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali iyos, rom saqmes erTdroulad hqondes mniSvneloba rogorc samarTlis ganviTarebisaTvis, ise erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis (Tumca am punqtis aseTnairad gagebisaTvis safuZveli namdvilad arsebobs). saqarTveloSi sakasacio sasamarTlo Seiqmna ara mxolod individualuri interesebis dacvis, aramed sajaro interesebis dacvis mizniT. me-5 nawilis „a“ qvepunqtSi gamokveTilia sakasacio sasamarTlos sajaro interesebis dacvis mizani, es mizani ki gulisxmobs rogorc samarTlis ganviTarebas, ise erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis (erTiani marTlmsajulebis) uzrunvelyofas. aqedan gamomdinare, sakasacio saCivari daSvebuli unda iqnes yovelTvis Tu saqmes aqvs mniSvneloba an samarTlis ganviTarebisaTvis, an erTgvarovani praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis. rogor SeiZleba gavigoT dasaSvebobis TiToeuli am winapirobis azri da Sinaarsi? 1. saqmis mniSvneloba samarTlis ganviTarebisaTvis. saqarTvelos sakasacio sasamarTlos praqtikis analizi srul safuZvels gvaZlevs gavakeToT daskvna, rom yvelaze ufro xSirad saqmis mniSvneloba samarTlis ganviTarebisaTvis ganpirobebulia xarveziT kanonmdeblobaSi. swored aseTi xarvezis gamo sakasacio sasamarTlos mier miRebul iqna gadawyvetilebebi (ganCinebebi) sarCelis gamoxmobis (ukan gaTxovis) Sesaxeb, Segebebuli saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivris aRZvrisa da ZiriTadi sakasacio saCivrisagan misi damoukideblad ganxilvis pirobebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis Sesaxeb, sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Taobaze gamotanil ganCinebaTa gasaCivrebis Sesaxeb da a.S. kanonmdeblobaSi xarvezis Sevsebis mizniT sakasacio sasamarTlos mier miRebulma mTelma rigma gadawyvetilebebma da ganCinebebma Tavisi asaxva hpoves kanonmdeblobaSi. 678 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari xarvezis Sevseba araa erTaderTi gza, romlis saSualebiTac xdeba samarTlis ganviTareba. samarTlis ganviTareba SeiZleba moxdes sakasacio sasamarTlos mier samarTlis normis iseTi interpretaciiT, romliTac yalibdeba zogadi principi. amis TvalsaCino magaliTs warmoadgens gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebasTan dakavSirebuli erTi principuli sakiTxi, romlis Sesaxebac sakasacio sasamarTlom gamoTqva Tavisi mosazreba. esaa sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, SeiZleba Tu ara saapelacio Tu sakasacio saCivris damoukidebeli obieqti iyos gadawyvetilebis mxolod samotivacio nawili, e.i. SeiZleba Tu ara, rom mxarem gaasaCivros gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawili ise rom ar gaasaCivros am gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili. miuxedvad imisa, rom ssk 266-e muxlis Tanaxmad gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawili Sedis kanonier ZalaSi, sakasacio sasamarTlom daadgina, rom „samotivacio nawilis gasaCivreba gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Secvlis moTxovnis gareSe dauSvebelia.“65 2. saqmis mniSvneloba erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis. es kriteriumic, ise rogorc samarTlis ganviTareba, sakasacio sasamarTlos sajaro miznis realizacias emsaxureba. am kriteriumis Sinaarsis mixedviT sakasacio saCivris daSvebisaTvis mTavari da gadamwyvetia ara is, rom gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba emyareba mcdarad gagebul samarTlebriv safuZvels (kanonis arasworad gagebas), aramed is, aqvs Tu ara saqmes mniSvneloba erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis.66 rodis ara gvaqvs erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtika? erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtika ara gvaqvs maSin, 65 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #2, gv.287 rogorc sworad miuTiTeben ceno raihenbeheri da Salva papuaSvili „aRniSnul kriteriumTan dakavSirebiT principulia is garemoeba, rom aq gadamwyvetia ara mxolod calkeuli samarTlebrivi davis bedi, aramed misi mniSvneloba erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis, rac Tavis mxriv uSualo kavSirSia sazogado interesebTan“. ix. „samarTlis ganviTareba samoqalaqo procesSi. kasaciis daSvebis axali safuZvlebis ganmartebisaTvis“. 66 679 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali rodesac erTi da igive samarTlebrivi sakiTxi an erTi da igive samarTlebrivi norma sxvadasxvanairad aris gagebuli sxvadasxva sasamarTlo instanciebis mier. gansxvavebuloba (araerTgvarovneba) sasamarTlo instanciebTan mimarTebaSi aq ufro farTo masStabebs gulisxmobs, vidre am muxlis me-5 nawilis „b“ qvepunqti da moicavs samarTlebrivi sakiTxis sxvadasxvanair gagebas ara mxolod saapelacio sasamarTloebisa da sakasacio sasamarTlos mier, aramed am samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis gansxvavebulad gagebas raionuli sasamarTloebis mier, raionuli da saapelacio sasamarTloebis mier da TviT saapelacio sasamarTloebis mier. rac Seexeba gansxvavebul samarTlebriv Sexedulebebs saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloebis mxriv, igi Camoyalibebulia calke punqtad amave muxlis „b“ qvepunqtSi. yovelTvis, rodesac arsebobs gansxvaveba erTi da igive samarTlebrivi sakiTxis gagebaSi sxvadasxva sasamarTlo instanciebis mier, saqme gvaqvs araerTgvarovan sasamarTlo praqtikasTan da am gansxvavebulobiT dasabuTebuli sakasacio saCivari daSvebul unda iqnes.67 b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gansxvavdeba am kategoriis saqmeebze saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos manamde arsebuli praqtikisagan gansxvavebiT „a“ qvepunqtisagan, „b“ qvepunqtSi nagulisxmevia Seusabamoba (gansxvaveba) saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebs Soris: arsebobs sakasacio sasamarTlos praqtika, romelic gamoxatulia am sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebSi da am 67 ramdenadme gansxvavebuli mosazreba arsebobs germanul iuridiul literaturaSi. am mosazrebis Tanaxmad erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis kriteriumis dasakmayofileblad sakmarisi araa, rom sasamarTlom erT konkretul saqmeze mcdari gadawyvetileba miiRos. kanonis normaTa ganmartebisas an gamoyenebisas daSvebuli Sinaarsobrivi an formaluri Secdoma maSin scildeba calkeuli SemTxvevis farglebs da seriozulad avnebs sazogadoebriv interesebs, rodesac es Secdoma masStaburia da arsebobs imis SesaZlebloba, rom mis safuZvelze Seiryes ndoba marTlmsajulebis winaaRmdeg. ceno raihenbeheri, Salva papuaSvili, dasax. naSromi gv.15 680 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari praqtikas ar Seesabameba da misgan gansxvavdeba gasaCivrebuli saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba. sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis es kriteriumi iyenebs iseT cnebas, rogoricaa „saqmeTa kategoria“. am cnebis Sinaarsis gagebas aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba, radgan Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba Tumca gansxvavdeba sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebisagan, magram isini „sxvadasxva kategoriis“ saqmeebzea gamotanili, maSin am gansxvavebas ar aqvs mniSvneloba da kasacia dauSvebelia. magram „b“ qvepunqtis Sinaarsis aseTnairi gageba ar unda iyos swori. saqme isaa, rom sakasacio sasamarTlo ar qmnis praqtikas saqmeTa kategoriebis mixedviT. mTavari da gadamwyvetia ara „saqmeTa kategoria“ (samoqalaqo, Sromis, samewarmeo da a.S.), aramed samarTlebrivi sakiTxi: Tu sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba identur samarTlebriv sakiTxebs emyareba, magram gansxvavebulad esmiT es sakiTxebi, maSin saqme gvaqvs gansxvavebasTan da kasacia dasaSvebia, damoukideblad imisa, Tu romel kategorias ganekuTvneba an romeli samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinareobs dava. am muxlis „b“ qvepunqtis mixedviT Sesadarebeli obieqtebia erTi mxriv saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba da meore mxriv - saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtika. magram, praqtika aisaxeba sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebSi. es imas niSnavs, rom Sesadarebeli obieqtebia saapelacio sasamarTlo s gadawyvetileba, romelic emyareba identur samarTlebriv normas (identur samarTlebriv sakiTxs) da am normis azri da Sinaarsi gagebulia saapelacio sasamarTlos mier sxvanairad, vidre sakasacio sasamarTlos mier. pasuxebi romlebic gacemulia am sasamarTloTa gadawyvetilebebiT identur samarTlebriv sakiTxebze erTmaneTs ar Seesabameba da am Seusabamobas efuZneba saapelacio sasamarTlos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba. g) saapelacio sasamarTlos mier saqme ganxilulia mniSvnelovani saproceso darRveviT, 681 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali romelsac SeeZlo arsebiTad emoqmeda saqmis ganxilvis Sedegze sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis am saproceso kriteriumis Camoyalibebisas, rogorc Cans, ar iqna miRebuli mxedvelobaSi 393-e muxlis me-3 nawili da 394-e muxli (ix. am muxlebis komentari). am muxlebis Tanaxmad saproceso samarTlis norma darRveulad iTvleba, Tu aseT darRvevas arsebiTad araswori gadawyvetilebis gamotana moyva, amrigad, aseT saproceso darRvevebs ukavSirdeba ara sakasacio saCivris dasaSveboba, aramed gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba. gansxvaveba zemod dasaxelebul muxlebs Soris mxolod erTia: 394-e muxlSi CamoTvlil saproceso darRvevebis Sefasebas im TvalsazrisiT, SeeZlo Tu ara maT gamoewviaT araswori gadawyvetilebis gamotana, axdens TviTon kanonmdebeli. amitom, mosamarTle (sasamarTlo) am darRvevebs am TvalsazrisiT ar afasebs. is mxolod adgens hqonda Tu ara 394-e muxlSi CamoTvlili erT-erT saproceso darRvevas adgili da Tu hqonda, gamoitans ganCinebas gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. sxva SemTxvevaSi, e.i. 394-e muxlSi miTiTebuli darRvevebis farglebs iqeT, saproceso darRvevebs, romlebsac emyareba sakasacio saCivari. (ix.396-e muxlis „v“ qvepunqtis komentari), afasebs TviTon sasamarTlo im TvalsazrisiT, gamoiwvia Tu ara am darRvevebma araswori gadawyvetilebis gamotana. 391-e muxlis me-5 nawilis „g“ qvepunqti gansxvavdeba zemod dasaxelebuli muxlebisagan imiT, rom aq saproceso darRvevas ukavSirdeba ara gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, aramed sakasacio saCivris mxolod dasaSveboba. miuxedavad yovelive amisa, aq SeiZleba erT garemoebas mieqces yuradReba: gansxvavebiT 393-e muxlis me-3 nawilisa da 394-e muxlisagan,sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobisaTvis sakmarisia, rom am saCivarSi miTiTebuli saproceso darRveva iZleodes safuZvels varaudisaTvis, rom aseT 682 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari darRvevas SeeZlo gamoewvia araswori gadawyvetilebis gamotana. Tu sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli saproceso darRveva aZlevs sasamarTlos safuZvels aseTi varaudisaTvis, saCivari daSvebuli unda iqnes. Tu saqmis ganxilvis Sedegad varaudi gamarTldeba da gairkveva, rom saproceso darRvevam marTlac gamoiwvia saqmeze araswori gadawyvetilebis gamotana, sakasacio sasamarTlo gaauqmebs am gadawyvetilebas, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi igi gamoitans ganCinebas sakasacio saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. d) gasaCivrebulia saapelacio sasamarTlos meore dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba an ganCineba. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Sesaxeb es qvepunqti warmoadgens sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis kriteriums. igi miuTiTebs Tu romeli gadawyvetileba da ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio wesiT. es qvepunqti imeorebs 240-e muxlis me-3 nawils da 392-e muxlis me-2 nawils. (ix. am muxlebis komentari). 6. 391-e muxlis me-6 nawili gansazRvravs sakasacio saCivris ganxilvis vadas (6 Tve). es vada iwyeba sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis dRidan (401-e muxlis pirveli nawili) da moicavs rogorc dasaSvebobis Semowmebasa da Sesabamisi ganCinebis miRebas (403-e muxli), ise saqmis ganxilvas sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gamotaniT. muxli 3911. saqmis gadacema saqarTve los uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatisTvis 1. saqmis sakasacio wesiT ganmxilvel sasamarTlos SeuZlia motivirebuli ganCinebiT saqme gansaxilvelad gadasces saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos did palatas, Tu: 683 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali a) saqme Tavisi SinaarsiT warmoadgens iSviaT samarTlebriv problemas; b) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs sxva sakasacio palatis mier adre Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Sefasebas (normis ganmartebas); g) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs didi palatis mier adre Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Sefasebas (normis ganmartebas). 2. did palataSi saqme sakasacio wesiT ganixileba am kodeqsisa da „„saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb“„ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis Sesabamisad. 1. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palata sakasacio sasamarTloa da saqmeebs ganixilavs sakasacio wesiT. did palatas saqme SeiZleba gadasces gansaxilvelad amave uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palatam, amisaTvis sakasacio palatam unda gamoitanos motivirebuli (dasabuTebuli) ganCineba. am ganCinebis motivirebis zogadi (SefasebiTi) kriteriumebi Camoyalibebulia am muxlis pirvel nawilSi. cxadia, rom ganCinebaSi mxolod am zogad kriteriumebze miTiTeba ar kmara, sakasacio palatam unda miuTiTos Tu romelma garemoebebma ganapirobes saqmis did palataze gadacemis aucilebloba. didi palatisaTvis saqmis gansaxilvelad gadacema dasaSvebia Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: a) saqme Tavisi SinaarsiT warmoadgens iSviaT samarTlebriv problemas „iSviaToba“ ganekuTvneba samarTlebriv problemas, magram es samarTlebrivi problema ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT sasamarTloSi aRZruli saqmisagan ganyenebulad, rogorc amas SeiZleba hqondes adgili samecniero kvlevis dros. samarTlebrivi problema uSualod unda ukavSirdebodes saqmes, anu saqme Tavisi SinaarsiT warmoSobs samarTlebriv problemas. cxadia, es araa sak684 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari marisi am saqmis didi palatisaTvis gadasacemad. nebismieri samoqalaqo saqmis gadawyveta dakavSirebulia ama Tu im samarTlebriv problemasTan, imisaTvis, rom arsebobdes didi palatisaTvis saqmis gadacemis safuZveli, es problema unda gamomdinareobdes saqmis Sinaarsidan, iyos iSviaTi da saWiroebdes seriozul analizs rogorc faqtobrivi, ise samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT. swored faqtebis dadgena da am dadgenili faqtebis samarTlebrivi Sefaseba erTobliobaSi unda qmnidnen iseT problemas, romelic xasiaTdeba iSviaTobiT, sirTuliT, romlis praqtikuli gadaWris precedenti an ar arsebobs, an ukiduresad mcire raodenobiT mogvepoveba. b) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs sxva sakasacio palatis mier adre Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Sefasebas (normis ganmartebas) sakasacio palatis mier adre Camoyalibebuli samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romelic safuZvlad daedo sxva saqmeze mis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebas (ganCinebas), savaldebuloa sxva sakasacio palatebisaTvis (am palatebis sxva SemadgenlobebisaTvis). maT ufleba ar aqvT gadauxvion am Sefasebebs, ufro metic, samarTlebrivi Sefaseba savaldebuloa im sakasacio palatisaTvisac, romelmac es Sefaseba Camoayaliba (TviTSezRudvis principi). erTaderTi, rac sakasacio palatas SeuZlia, roca igi ar eTanxmeba adre miRebul samarTlebriv Sefasebas - esaa mimarTos did palatas da gadasces mas saqme gansaxilvelad, romlis mier am saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi) Camoyalibebuli samarTlebrivi Sefaseba savaldebulo iqneba yvela sakasacio palatisaTvis (SemadgenlobisaTvis), mxolod am gziT SeiZleba samarTlis normebis erTgvarovani gagebis miRweva, erTiani marTlmsajulebis uzrunvelyofa da samarTlis unifikaciis interesebis dacva. TavisTavad cxadia, rom didi palatisaTvis saqmis gadacemis Sesaxeb ganCineba motivirebuli unda iyos 685 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali im samarTlebriv Sefasebaze miTiTebiT, romelic Camoyalibebuli iyo sakasacio palatis mier adre sxva saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebaSi, agreTve sakasacio palatis mosazrebaze imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom ar eTanxmeba da ar iziarebs am samarTlebriv Sefasebas. g) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs didi palatis mier adre Camoyalibebul sam arTlebriv Sefasebas saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palata ar warmoadgens sxva sakasacio palatebze zemdgom sakasacio sasamarTlos. igi aris sakasacio sasamarTlo, romelsac sxva sakasacio palatebma SeiZleba gadascen saqme mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac arsebobs kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli winapirobebi. amasTan erTad, rogorc sakasacio palata misi samarTlebrivi Sexedulebebi Camoyalibebuli konkretul saqmeebze gamotanil gadawyvetilebebSi (ganCinebebSi), savaldebuloa sxva sakasacio palatebisaTvis. es imas niSnavs, rom sxva sakasacio palatebma unda ixelmZRvanelon am samarTlebrivi SefasebebiT maT mier sxva saqmeebis gadawyvetisas. magram, Tu sakasacio palata ar iziarebs (ar eTanxmeba) didi palatis mier adre Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Sexedulebas, mas SeuZlia Tavisi motivirebuli ganCinebiT saqme gadasces gansaxilvelad did palatas. 2. didi palata saqmeebs ganixilavs samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT. mas axasiaTebs Semdegi Taviseburebani: a) did palatas ver mimarTaven uSualod kasatorebi; b) didi palata ganixilavs saqmeebs Tu mas mimarTavs uSualod romelime sakasacio palata; g) sakasacio palatis ganCineba saqmis did palataze gadacemis Sesaxeb motivirebuli unda iyos: d) didi palata saqmeebs ganixilavs 9 mosamarTlis SemadgenlobiT; e) saqmis ganmxilvel SemadgenlobaSi Sedian am saqmis Tavdapireli ganmxilveli mosamarTleebi; v) did palataSi saqmis ganxilvas Tavmjdomareobs uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare 686 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari an, misi davalebiT - uzenaesi sasamarTlos erT-erTi palatis Tavmjdomare (me-10 muxli). muxli 392. dauswrebeli gadawyveti lebis gasaCivrebis dauSvebloba 1. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ar SeiZleba sakasacio wesiT gaasaCivros im mxarem, romlis winaaRmdegac aris igi gamotanili. 2. sakasacio saCivari dasaSvebia mxolod iseTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis mimarT, romelic gamotanilia ganmeorebiT dauswreblobis Semdeg, ris gamoc igi aRar SeiZleba gasaCivrdes am gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi. aseTi gadawyvetileba SeiZleba kasaciis wesiT gasaCivrdes mxolod im safuZvliT, rom ar arsebobda saTanado samarTlebrivi wanamZRvrebi. 1. saapelacio sasamarTlos mier gamotanili pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxolod saapelacio sasamarTloSi. 2. sakasacio wesiT SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxolod iseTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, romelic gamotanilia erTi da igive mxaris `ganmeorebiT dauswreblobis~, anu ganmeorebiT gamoucxadeblobis gamo. _ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom saapelacio sasamarTlom, romelmac dasaSvebad cno pirvel dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Semotanili saCivari da daniSna saqmis ganxilvis dRe, gaauqmos es gadawyvetileba, radgan mxaris gamoucxadebloba marTlac gamowveuli iyo sapatio mizeziT (ssk-is 241-e muxli), xolo saqmis arsebiTad ganxilva sxva droisaTvis daniSnos. Tu saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisaTvis sxva droisaTvis daniSnul dRes kvlav ar gamocxaddeba mxare, vis winaaRmdegac gamotanili iyo pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, saapelacio sa687 ) Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali samarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos am mxaris winaaRmdeg dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. es iqneba `ganmeorebiT dauswreblobis Sedegad~ mis winaaRmdeg gamotanili meore dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, da amitom igi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxolod sakasacio wesiT. _ sakasacio wesiT gasaCivreba imas niSnavs, rom aseTi saCivari unda efuZnebodes kanonis darRvevas (sskis 393-e muxli). am konkretul SemTxvevaSi kanoni darRveulad iTvleba, Tu dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba gamotanilia ssk-is 233-e da 241-e muxlebis moTxovnaTa gauTvaliswineblad (ix. am muxlebis komentari). sakasacio saCivari dasaSvebia pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Taobaze miRebul ganCinebazec. magaliTad, Tu saapelacio sasamarTlom mxaris gamoucxadeblobis gamo miiRo pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, romelzec im mxarem, romlis winaaRmdegac iyo gamotanili dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, Seitana saCivari am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvis Sesaxeb, magram sasamarTlom ganCinebiT es saCivari ar daakmayofila. aseTi ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio wesiT. (240-e muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebi) muxli 393. sakasacio saCivris safuZvlebi 1. sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba efuZnebodes mxolod imas, rom gadawyvetileba kanonis darRveviTaa gamotanili. 2. samarTlis normebi darRveulad iTvleba, Tu sasamarTlom: a) ar gamoiyena kanoni, romelic unda gamoeyenebina; b) gamoiyena kanoni, romelic ar unda gamoeyenebina; g) arasworad ganmarta kanoni. 688 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 3. saproceso samarTlis normebis darRveva mxolod maSin SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli, Tu am darRvevis Sedegad saqmeze araswori gadawyvetileba iqna gamotanili. 1. sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas mxolod samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, e. i. ramdenad sworadaa gamoyenebuli kanoni saapelacio sasamarTlos mier. amiT igi gansxvavdeba saapelacio sasamarTlosagan, romelsac SeuZlia Seamowmos gadawyvetileba rogorc faqtobrivi, ise samarTlebrivi dasabuTebulobis TvalsazrisiT. _ sakasacio sasamarTlos aseTi amocaniTa da uflebamosilebiT aris ganpirobebuli am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesi, romlis Tanaxmad sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba efuZnebodes mxolod kanonis darRvevas. _ Tu sakasacio saCivari emyareba ara kanonis darRvevas, aramed gadawyvetilebis mxolod faqtobriv mxares, anu misi faqtobrivi garemoebebiT dausabuTeblobas, maSin aseTi saCivari ver CaiTvleba sakasacio saCivrad. aseT SemTxvevaSi sakasacio sasamarTlom unda daavalos kasators Seavsos xarvezi. Tu xarvezi daniSnul vadaSi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, sakasacio saCivari ar daiSveba da sakasacio sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas misi warmoebaSi miRebaze uarisTqmis Sesaxeb (sskis 401-e muxli). 2. sakasacio saCivari ar SeiZleba Semoifarglos agreTve zogadi miTiTebiT imis Sesaxeb, rom gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma saapelacio sasamarTlom daarRvia samarTlis norma (kanoni). sakasacio saCivarSi savaldebuloa imaze miTiTeba, Tu konkretulad ra saxiT (formiT) gamovlinda kanonis es darRveva. kanonis darRvevis saxeebi ki Camoyalibebulia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi, rac imas niSnavs, rom kasatorma Tavis sakasacio saCivarSi unda miuTiTos kanonis darRvevis erT-erT saxeze mainc, kerZod: 689 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali a) Tu kasators miaCnia, rom saapelacio sasamarTlom ar gamoiyena kanoni, romelic unda gamoeyenebina, maSin man Tavis sakasacio saCivarSi unda miuTiTos, Tu konkretulad raSi gamoixata aseTi darRveva (ar miuTiTa Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi kanonze, romelic unda gamoeyenebina da saqme gadawyvita Tavisi mixedulebiT, maSin, rodesac unda gamoeyenebina moqmedi samarTlis esa Tu is norma, romelic am sadavo urTierTobas aregulirebs da a. S.);68 b) Tu kasators miaCnia, rom saapelacio sasamarTlom gamoiyena kanoni, romelic ar unda gamoeyenebina, man Tavis sakasacio saCivarSi unda miuTiTos, konkretulad raSi gamoixateba es darRveva (gamoiyena kanoni (samarTlis norma), romelic gauqmebulia, gamoiyena kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba kanons, nacvlad Sromis samarTlis normisa gamoiyena samoqalaqo samarTlebrivi norma, ramac gamoiwvia sadavo urTierTobis araswori iuridiuli kvalifikacia, nacvlad sanivTo samarTlebrivi normebisa gamoiyena valdebulebiTi samarTlebrivi norma da a. S.); 69 g) Tu kasators miaCnia, rom saapelacio sasamarTlom, marTalia, gamoiyena kanoni, romelic unda gamoeyenebina, magram arasworad gaigo am kanonis azri da Sinaarsi, anu arasworad ganmarta igi, man unda miuTiTos, konkretulad raSi gamoixateba am kanonis araswori gageba.70 3. saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebulia SemTxvevebi, rodesac saproceso normis darRveva iwvevs gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis savaldebulo gauqmebas (ix. ssk-is 394-e muxlis komentari), magram es srulebiT ar niSnavs imas, rom sxva SemTxvevaSi saproceso 68 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #9, gv.2296-2298 69 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #7, gv.1870-1871 70 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2001, #3, gv. 283-287 690 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari normis darRvevam ar SeiZleba gamoiwvios gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba. _ saproceso normebis darRvevis gamo gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebis farglebs garda, sakiTxis gadawyveta imis Sesaxeb, unda gauqmdes Tu ara gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba ama Tu im konkretuli saproceso samarTlebrivi normis darRvevis gamo, mindobili aqvs sakasacio sasamarTlos. magaliTad, saapelacio sasamarTlom ar gadaugzavna mowinaaRmdege mxares saapelacio saCivrisa da damatebiT Semosuli masalebis aslebi (ssk-is 373-e muxli), sasamarTlom ar ganixila kanoniT dadgenili wesiT mosamarTlis mimarT gancxadebuli acileba (ssk-is 34-e muxli), sasamarTlom ar misca mxares SesaZlebloba monawileoba mieRo paeqrobaSi (ssk-is 227-e muxli), sasamarTlom ar miiRo Segebebuli saapelacio saCivari, radgan mxares uari hqonda naTqvami saapelacio wesiT gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebaze (ssk-is 379-e muxli), sasamarTlom ar misca ufleba mosarCeles Seecvala sarCelis safuZveli, romlis Sesaxeb man droulad ganacxada (ssk-is 83-e muxlis me-2 nawili) da a. S. saproceso darRvevas, im TvalsazrisiT, gamoiwvia Tu ara man, an SeeZlo Tu ara mas gamoewvia araswori gadawyvetilebis gamotana, afasebs zemdgomi sasamarTlo, romelic ixilavs saCivars. imis mixedviT, Tu rogori iqneba es Sefaseba, zemdgomi sasamarTlo (apelacia, kasacia) gamoitans Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas (ganCinebas).71 muxli 394. sakasacio saCivris absoluturi safuZvlebi gadawyvetileba yovelTvis CaiTvleba kanonis darRveviT miRebulad, Tu: 71 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #8, gv. 2199-2201. 691 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali a) saqme ganixila sasamarTlos arakanonierma Semadgenlobam; b) sasamarTlom saqme ganixila erT-erTi mxaris dauswreblad, romelsac ar miuRia Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT an misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis gareSe, Tu aseTi warmomadgenloba kanoniT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca aseTi kanonieri warmomadgeneli cnobs sasamarTlo procesis warmarTvis marTlzomierebas; g) gadawyvetileba gamotanilia saqmeze, romelic sasamarTlos uwyebrivad ar eqvemdebareba; d) gadawyvetileba miRebulia saqmis zepiri ganxilvis safuZvelze, romlis drosac darRveulia procesis sajaroobis wesebi; e) gadawyvetileba iuridiulad ar aris sakmarisad dasabuTebuli; e1) gadawyvetilebis dasabuTeba imdenad arasrulia, rom misi samarTlebrivi safuZvlianobis Semowmeba SeuZlebelia; v) gadawyvetilebas xels ar aweren is mosamarTleebi, romlebic gadawyvetilebaSi arian aRniSnulni; z) gadawyvetileba gamotanilia im mosamarTleebis mier, romlebic am saqmis ganxilvaSi adre monawileobdnen; T) saqmeSi ar aris saapelacio sasamarTlos sxdomis oqmi. es muxli Seicavs saproceso darRvevebis CamonaTvals, romlebic TviT kanonmdeblis mieraa Sefasebuli iseT darRvevebad, romlebic aucileblad iwvevs gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas (kanoniT calsaxad gansaz- 692 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Rvruli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvlebi). aq sasamarTlos mixedulebisaTvis adgili ar rCeba. a) sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenloba SeiZleba sxvadasxvanairad gamovlindes, magaliTad, saqme ganixila mosamarTlem, an kolegiur SemadgenlobaSi aris mosamarTle, romelic gaTavisuflebulia an gadayenebulia Tanamdebobidan, an kidev, romelsac jer ar miucia fici;72 saqmes kolegiuri SemadgenlobiT ixilavs ara sami, aramed ori mosamarTle (ssk-is 25-e muxli); saqme ganixila an saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobs mosamarTle, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas ganucxades acileba da es acileba miiRo sasamarTlom; sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi arian erTmaneTis axlo naTesavebi (sskis 30-e muxli) da a. S.; sasamarTlo praqtikaSi aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac administraciul davas, romlis gadawyveta unda moxdes administraciuli saqmeebis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis saproceso wesebis Tanaxmad, ganixilavs samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palata da piriqiT. SeiZleba Tu ara ukanono Semadgenlobad gamovacxadoT sasamarTlo mxolod imitom, rom man nebiT Tu uneblieT ganixila arasaqveuwyebo an aragansjadi saqme? saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa da administraciul saqmeTa palatebis pozicia am sakiTxze xSirad aseTia: saqmis ganxilva aragansjadi sasamarTlos mier niSnavs am saqmis ganxilvas sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenlobis mier, rac am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi safuZvelia.73 sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenloba - esaa am 72 „saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis 50-e da 55-e muxlebi. 73 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #6, gv. 1388-1392 susg administraciul saqmeebze, saqme #bs 615-201-09.VI.0 5 susg administraciul saqmeebze, saqme #bs-664-251-29.VI.05 693 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali Semadgenlobis Sinagani maxasiaTebeli. igi aseTad darCeba nebismier SemTxvevaSi, miuxedavad imisa ganixilavs saqmeebs gansjadobisa da saqveuwyebobis wesebis dacviT Tu ara. mxedvelobidan ar SeiZleba gauSvaT is, rom samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis calkeul instituts ukavSirdeba misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Sedegebi. am Sedegebis sxva institutebidan dasesxebas SeiZleba moyves seriozuli Secdomebi. magaliTad, 21-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis arsebobisas aragansjadi sasamarTlo SeiZleba gansjadi gaxdes, roca mopasuxe araa winaaRmdegi rom saqme ganixilos aragansjadma sasamarTlom da a.S. magram sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenloba verasdros ver gardaiqmneba kanonier Semadgenlobad, Tu ar aRmoifxvra mizezebi, romlebmac ganapirobes am Semadgenlobis arakanoniereba. b) sasamarTlo ver ganixilavs saqmes da ver gamoitans gadawyvetilebas (verc Cveulebrivs da verc dauswrebels), Tu winaswar ar Seatyobina mxareebs ssk-is 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT74 (ix. am muxlebis komentari). _ sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos da gadawyvitos saqme erT-erTi mxaris dauswreblad, oRond erTi aucilebeli pirobiT, Tu am mxares droulad Cabarda uwyeba sasamarTlo sxdomis Sesaxeb, e. i. droulad hqonda miRebuli Setyobineba saqmis ganxilvis dRis Taobaze da miuxedavad amisa, ar gamocxadda sasamarTlo sxdomaze (ssk-is 229-e da 230-e muxlebi). _ ssk-is 101-e muxlis Tanaxmad, qmeduunaro moqalaqis, agreTve SezRuduli qmedunarianobis mqone moqalaqis uflebebsa da kanoniT dacul interesebs sasamarTloSi icaven maTi kanonieri warmomadgenlebi (ix. am muxlis komentari). is, rac zemoT iTqva mxareebis mimarT, mTlianad exeba agreTve kanonier warmomad- 74 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #1, gv. 118-120 694 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari genlebs, romelTa Setyobinebis gareSe saqmis ganxilva da gadawyvetilebis gamotana dauSvebelia. _ mxares SeuZlia awarmoos saqme sasamarTloSi piradad an warmomadgenlis meSveobiT. saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenlis meSveobiT ar arTmevs uflebas mxareebs TviTonac piradad miiRon monawileoba saqmeSi (sskis 93-e muxlis me-2 nawili). aqedan gamomdinare, saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlis meSveobiT ar aTavisuflebs sasamarTlos movaleobisagan, gaugzavnos Setyobineba uSualod mxares (ssk-is 70-e muxli); g) samoqalaqo saqmeebis saerTo sasamarTloebisadmi uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis zogad kriteriums Seicavs ssk-is me-11 muxli (ix. am muxlis komentari). miuxedavad imisa, rom saerTo sasamarTloebis kompetencia sagrZnoblad gafarTovda, aris iseTi kategoria saqmeebisa, romlebic uwyebrivad araa maTi qvemdebare da unda ganixilos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom, saarbitraJo sasamarTlom an xelisuflebis romelime organom. _ Tu saqme ar eqvemdebareba uwyebrivad sasamarTlos, mas ufleba ara aqvs ganixilos da gadawyvitos igi. aseTi saqme sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos warmoebaSi (ssk-is 186-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqti) an, Tu SecdomiT miiRo, an saqmis ganxilvis procesSi gamovlinda, rom es saqme sasamarTlom ar unda ganixilos, gamoitanos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 272-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqti); d) am qvepunqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs iseTi viTareba, rodesac sasamarTlos ar miuRia ganCineba saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb, magram faqtobrivad es saqme ganixila daxurul sxdomaze da dainteresebul pirebs ar miecaT saSualeba daswrebodnen saqmis ganxilvas; e) sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas samarTlebrivi dasabuTebulobis TvalsazrisiT. Sesamowmebeli gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawilSi mi695 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali TiTebuli unda iyos kanonebze, romlebiTac ixelmZRvanela sasamarTlom (ssk-is 249-e muxlis me-4 nawili). cxadia, rom marto kanonebze miTiTeba ar aris sakmarisi. am gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos, Tu ratom ixelmZRvanela am kanoniT. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gadawyvetilebaSi saerTod araa miTiTebuli kanonze, romliTac ixelmZRvanela sasamarTlom, an kidev, miTiTebulia, magram araa dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli), Tu ratom gamoiyena saxeldobr es kanoni (samarTlis norma), ris gamoc sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi dasabuTebulobis (safuZvlianobis) Semowmeba SeuZlebelia, aseTi gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes; e1) sakasacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi) Camoyalibebuli samarTlebrivi Sefasebis siswore, misi Sesabamisoba samarTlis normis Semadgenlobis abstraqtul niSnebTan, normis azrTan da SinaarsTan. magram es SeuZlebeli iqneba, Tu gadawyvetilebidan ar Cans romeli faqtebi CaTvala saapelacio sasamarTlom dadgenilad da, maSasadame, romeli faqtebi Seafasa man iuridiulad, romel faqtebs mianiWa an ar mianiWa iuridiuli mniSvneloba am gadawyvetilebisaTvis da a.S. cxadia, rom gadawyvetilebis Semowmeba saerTod SeuZlebelia, Tu ar Cans romel faqtobriv da samarTlebriv safuZvlebs emyareba igi. magaliTi: sakasacio sasamarTlom gaauqma gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba da miuTiTa, rom ar aris dadgenili arc erTi faqtobrivi garemoeba, ar aris aRniSnuli sasamarTlos daskvnebi da mosazrebani. kanoni moiTxovs dadgenili faqtebis Sefasebas samarTlis normebiT. Sesabamisad, sakasacio sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom vinaidan mocemul saqmeze ar aris dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebi, gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi Sefaseba SeuZlebelia. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, gadawyve696 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari tileba imdenad dausabuTebelia, rom igi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 394-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad iTvleba kanonis darRveviT miRebul gadawyvetilebad. aRniSnulis gamo gadawyvetileba gauqmda da saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad daubrunda imave sasamarTlos.75 v) ssk-is 249-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, gadawyvetilebis Sesaval nawilSi unda aRiniSnos am gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlos Semadgenloba (ix. am muxlis komentari). cxadia, rom gadawyvetilebas xels unda awerdes is mosamarTle (mosamarTleebi), romelic aRniSnulia am gadawyvetilebis Sesaval nawilSi. Tu es ase araa, e. i. gadawyvetilebas xels awers ara is mosamarTle, romelic aRniSnulia gadawyvetilebaSi, aramed sxva mosamarTle an sxva mosamarTleebi, maSin gadawyvetileba udavod unda gauqmdes. _ gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac saqmis masalebidan utyuarad Cans, rom saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobda sxva mosamarTle, xolo gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebulia da am gadawyvetilebas xels awers sxva mosamarTle; z) am qvepunqts mxedvelobaSi aqvs erTi da igive mosamarTlis monawileoba erTsa da imave saqmeze sasamarTlos sxvadasxva instanciebSi, rac dauSvebelia ssk-is 29-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari); T) sxdomis oqmi aris uaRresad mniSvnelovani saproceso dokumenti, romelSic aisaxeba procesis msvleloba (saproceso moqmedebani) mTlianad, mxareTa da mesame pirTa axsna-ganmartebebi, mowmeTa Cvenebebi, eqspertisa da specialistis mosazrebebi, mxareTa warmomadgenlebis mosazrebebi, mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebis, kerZod, adgilze daTvalierebis Sedegebi da a. S. cxadia, rom oqmis gareSe SeuZlebelia gadawyvetilebis Semowmeba, sakasacio saCivris safuZvlianobis 75 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #2, gv.270-273 697 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali garkveva; oqmis Sedgena savaldebuloa (ssk-is 287-e muxli). magaliTi: sakasacio palatam daakmayofila sakasacio saCivari, amasTan ganmarta, rom saqmeSi warmodgenil saapelacio sasamarTlos sxdomis oqms xels ar awerda sxdomis Tavmjdomare, ris gamoc sxdomis oqmi ar SeiZleboda iuridiuli Zalis mqone dokumentad CaTvliliyo. mocemul SemTxvevaSi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 394-e muxlis `T~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli garemoeba gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absolutur safuZvels warmoadgens. sakasacio palatam CaTvala, rom saqmeSi ar aris iuridiuli Zalis mqone saapelacio sasamarTlos sxdomis oqmi, rac gaxda miTiTebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli.76 muxli 395. sakasacio saCivris Setana sakasacio saCivari Seitaneba werilobiTi formiT im sasamarTloSi, romelmac gamoitana gadawyvetileba. _ am muxlis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba wamoiWras sakiTxi: unda CaiTvalos Tu ara sakasacio saCivari Setanilad im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac am muxlis danawesis miuxedavad igi Setanilia ara gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi, aramed uSualod sakasacio sasamarTloSi. es sakiTxi dadebiTad unda gadawydes igive argumentebis safuZvelze, romlebic miTiTebulia ssk-is 367-e muxlis komentirebisas (ix. am muxlis komentari). _ amrigad, sakasacio saCivris uSualod sakasacio sasamarTloSi Setana unda CaiTvalos dasaSvebad da 76 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #9, gv. 2318-2320 698 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari sakasacio sasamarTlom unda gamoiTxovos saqme Sesabamisi sasamarTlodan. muxli 396. sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsi 1. sakasacio saCivari unda Seicavdes: a) im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romlis saxelzedac Sedgenilia saCivari; b) im piris dasaxelebasa da misamarTs, romelsac Seaqvs saCivari; g) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis zust dasaxelebasa da miTiTebas am gadawyvetilebis damdgen sasamarTloze; d) miTiTebas imis Taobaze, Tu gadawyvetilebis ra nawilia gasaCivrebuli; e) miTiTebas, Tu ra moculobiT saCivrdeba gadawyvetileba, gasaCivrebis safuZvlebs (kasaciis mizezebi) da ganmartebas imis Taobaze, moiTxovs Tu ara momCivani gadawyvetilebis gauqmebasa Tu Secvlas (kasaciis ganacxadi); v) miTiTebas im faqtebsa da mtkicebulebebze, romlebic adastureben saproceso samarTlis normebis darRvevas, Tu sakasacio saCivari saproceso normebis darRvevas emyareba; z) sakasacio saCivarze darTul werilobiTi masalebis nusxas; T) sakasacio saCivris Semtani piris xelmoweras. 2. warmomadgenlis mier Setanil sakasacio saCivars unda daerTos mindobiloba, romelic adasturebs warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebas sakasacio saCivris Setanaze, Tu aseTi uflebamosilebis damadasturebeli sabuTi ar aris saqmeSi. 699 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 3. Tu sakasacio saCivari ar upasuxebs aq CamoTvlil moTxovnebs an saxelmwifo baJi ar aris gadaxdili, sasamarTlo avalebs saCivris Semtan pirs, Seavsos xarvezi, risTvisac uniSnavs mas vadas. Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli an sakasacio saCivari ar aris Setanili kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi, sakasacio saCivari ganuxilveli darCeba. 1. sakasacio saCivari unda pasuxobdes am muxlis yvela moTxovnas, romelTa mixedviT Sedgenili saCivari qmnis sakasacio saCivris Sinaarss. a) miuxedavad imisa, rom sakasacio saCivari Setanil unda iqnes sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi (ssk-is 395-e muxli), misi adresati aris sakasacio sasamarTlo da, amitom, igi unda Seicavdes ara im sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelSic uSualod Seitaneba saCivari, aramed sakasacio sasamarTlos dasaxelebas, romelmac unda ganixilos sakasacio saCivari; b) sakasacio saCivris Setanis ufleba aqvT mxareebs da ssk-is 391-e muxlis pirveli nawilis komentarSi miTiTebul sxva pirebs (ix. am muxlis pirveli nawilis komentari _ sakasacio gasaCivrebis subieqtebi). cxadia, rom Tu sakasacio saCivari Seaqvs am pirTagan romelimes, es saCivari unda Seicavdes am piris dasaxelebas (rekvizitebs). sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba Seitanos warmomadgenelmac (ix. am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari). aseT SemTxvevaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos am warmomadgenlis dasaxeleba da misamarTi, rac ar gamoricxavs paralelurad marwmuneblis dasaxelebisa da misamarTis miTiTebas; g) sakasacio saCivari unda Seicavdes gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebisa da gadawyvetilebis mimRebi sasamarTlos zust dasaxelebas; d) sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas 700 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari sakasacio saCivris farglebSi (ssk-is 404-e muxli). amitom, sakasacio saCivarSi naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos miTiTebuli gadawyvetilebis romeli nawilia gasaCivrebuli, Tu gadawyvetileba mTlianad ar saCivrdeba. _ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom kasatorma mTlianad gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba, rogorc im nawilSi, romelic mis sasargeblodaa gamotanili, ise im nawilSic, romelic gamotanilia mis sawinaaRmdegod. aseTi saCivris farglebis gansazRvris dros sakasacio sasamarTlom unda CaTvalos, rom gasaCivrebulia mxolod gadawyvetilebis is nawili, romelic kasatoris winaaRmdegaa gamotanili: kasators ufleba ara aqvs gaasaCivros gadawyvetilebis is nawili, romelic mis sasargeblodaa gamotanili. amitom, sakasacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos gadawyvetilebis mxolod is nawili, romelic kasatoris sawinaaRmdegodaa gamotanili. e) sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebis kanonierebas, mis samarTlebriv dasabuTebas. amitom, sakasacio saCivars safuZvlad SeiZleba daedos mxolod kanonis darRveva, rasac sxvagvarad uwodeben kasaciis mizezs (ix. ssk-is 393-e muxlis komentari). _ sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: kasatori gadawyvetilebis mTlianad an nawilobriv gauqmebas, Tu gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Secvlas da axali gadawyvetilebis gamotanas moiTxovs. es aris is, rasac kasaciis ganacxadi ewodeba. - xSirad sakasacio saCivarSi Camoyalibebulia Txovna, rom sakasacio sasamarTlom TviTon gamoitanos axali gadawyvetileba an daabrunos saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan. sakasacio sasamarTlo kasatoris aseTi TxovniT araa SeboWili. mas SeuZlia, Tu amisaTvis arsebobs Sesabamisi pirobebi, daakmayofilos kasatoris Txovna, magaliTad, gaauqmos gadawyvetileba da TviTon gamoitanos axali gadawyvetileba, rogorc amas kasatori moiTxovda, magram SeuZlia gaauqmos gadawyvetileba da miuxedavad kasatoris Txovnisa, daabrunos saqme ukan xelax701 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali la gansaxilvelad, an miuxedavad imisa, rom kasatori moiTxovda gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gauqmebas da saqmis xelaxali ganxilvisaTvis dabrunebas, gaauqmos gadawyvetileba da saqmis xelaxla gansaxilvelad dabrunebis nacvlad, TviTon miiRos axali gadawyvetileba _ daakmayofilos sarCeli, an uari uTxras sarCelze, Tu saqmeze faqtobrivi garemoebebi saproceso normebis darRvevis gareSea dadgenili da saWiro ar aris mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi gamokvleva. v) sakasacio sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis faqtobriv dasabuTebulebas ar amowmebs da amitom man ar unda ganixilos faqtebi da ar unda miiRos axali mtkicebulebebi maT dasadastureblad. _ erTaderTi SemTxveva, rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs faqtebsa da mtkicebulebebs, maT Soris iRebs kasatorisagan am mtkicebulebebs, esaa iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac sakasacio saCivari emyareba saproceso normebis darRvevebs (damatebiTi da dasabuTebuli sakasacio pretenzia). es wesi damkvidrebulia agreTve ssk-is 407-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari); z) Tu sakasacio saCivars erTvis werilobiTi masalebi, aucilebelia, rom es saCivari Seicavdes am masalebis nusxas (CamonaTvals). sakasacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos am CamonaTvalis Sesabamisoba TandarTul masalebTan da Tu aRmoCndeba Seusabamoba, magaliTad, CamonaTvalSi miTiTebulia iseT sabuTze, romelic sinamdvileSi ar erTvis sakasacio saCivars, es aris xarvezi, romelic unda Seavsos kasatorma sakasacio sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi, magram sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli danarTis warmoudgenlobam xarvezis Sesavsebad micemuli vadis gasvlis Semdeg ar SeiZleba gamoiwvios sakasacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datoveba, Tuki sakasacio saCivari sxva mxriv akmayofilebs kanonis moTxovnas (ix. am muxlis me-3 nawili). T) sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba Seitanos, rogorc uSualod mxarem, ise misma warmomadgenelma. saCivars xels unda awerdes is piri, visac Seaqvs saCivari. wina702 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari aRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es iqneba xarvezi, romelic aucileblad unda Seivsos. 2. warmomadgenloba TavisTavad ar aniWebs warmomadgenels uflebas Seitanos sakasacio saCivari. amisaTvis saWiroa, rom amis Taobaze specialurad iyos mindobilobaSi miTiTebuli ssk-is 98-e muxlis Sesabamisad. Tu aseTi mindobiloba adre iyo gacemuli da igi erTvis saqmes, maSin warmomadgenelma unda miuTiTos amis Sesaxeb mis mier warmodgenil sakasacio saCivarSi. Tu aseTi mindobiloba adre ar iyo gacemuli, maSin man unda daurTos sakasacio saCivars axlad gacemuli mindobiloba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es iqneba xarvezi, romelic aucileblad unda Seivsos. amasTan warmomadgenloba unda akmayofilebdes 440-e muxlis moTxovnebs. 3. sakasacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sakasacio saCivris xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, Tu sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsi ar pasuxobs amave muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlil moTxovnebs, ar aris gadaxdili saxelmwifo baJi, sakasacio saCivari Setanilia warmomadgenlis mier, romelsac ar gaaCnia saTanadod Sedgenili mindobiloba (uflebamosileba sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze specialuri miTiTebiT) an 440-e muxlSi miTiTebuli advokatTa asociaciis wevrobis damadasturebeli dokumenti da sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba eWvs iwvevs (ssk-is 391-e muxlis me-3 nawili).77 _ ganCinebaSi unda mieTiTos xarvezis Sevsebis vada. vada unda ganisazRvros gonivrulad imis mixedviT, Tu ra xasiaTis xarvezia Sesavsebi. es vada mxaris SuamdgomlobiT, an Tavisi iniciativiT SeiZleba gaagrZelos sakasacio sasamarTlom. vada gagrZelebulad iTvleba, Tu amis Sesaxeb miRebuli iqneba ganCineba. garda amisa vada gagrZelebulad SeiZleba CaiTvalos maSinac, Tuki sasamarTlos ar miuRia ganCineba xarvezis Sesavsebad 77 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2004 wlis 20 ianvris ganCineba, #as-769-1394-03 703 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali micemuli vadis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb, magram xarvezis Sesavsebad micemuli vadis gasvlis Semdegac ar miiRo Sesabamisi ganCineba. aseT SemTxvevaSi vada SeiZleba gasulad CaiTvalos mxolod maSin, rodesac miRebuli iqneba ganCineba sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (401-e muxli). _ sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi kasators unda daubrundes mis mier Setanili saxelmwifo baJi. muxli 397. sakasacio saCivris Setanis vada 1. sakasacio saCivris Setanis vadaa 1 Tve. am vadis gagrZeleba (aRdgena) ar SeiZleba da igi iwyeba mxarisaTvis gadawyvetilebis gadacemis momentidan. 2. Tu dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas eswreba sakasacio saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piri, sakasacio saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba misi gamocxadebis momentidan. gadawyvetilebis gadacemis momentad iTvleba am gadawyvetilebis aslis mxarisaTvis Cabareba uSualod sasamarTloSi an misi mxarisaTvis am kodeqsis 7078-e muxlebis Sesabamisad gadagzavnis dro. 1. iseT pirobebSi, rodesac gadawyvetilebis sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebis vadis gagrZeleba (aRdgena) dauSvebelia, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens imis zustad da Seucdomlad gansazRvra, Tu saidan iwyeba am vadis dena. am muxlSi aris drois sam monakveTze miTiTeba, saidanac iwyeba gasaCivrebis vada, esaa: a) dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis gamocxadeba, magram erTi aucilebeli pirobiT, Tu am gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas eswrebodnen mxareebi 704 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari da sakasacio gasaCivrebis sxva subieqtebi (ssk-is 391e muxli), an kidev, maTi warmomadgenlebi, romlebsac hqondaT micemuli uflebamosileba gaesaCivrebinaT gadawyvetileba sakasacio wesiT; b) dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis aslis Cabareba mxarisaTvis, romelic mis gamocxadebas ar eswreboda; g) dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis aslis mxarisaTvis kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gagzavnis dro. amrigad, miTiTebuli normis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, Tu sakasacio saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piri eswreboda saapelacio sasamarTlos mier dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas (rac unda dadgindes sasamarTlos sxdomis oqmis mixedviT), maSin sakasacio saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba misi gamocxadebis momentidan, xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos mier saqmeze gamocxadebulia mxolod gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili, maSin unda gairkves, uSualod rodis Cabarda mxares gadawyvetilebis asli (gadawyvetilebis gadacemis momenti) , rac SeiZleba dadgindes saqmeSi arsebuli, amis Taobaze Sedgenili xelweriliT an sxva oficialuri dokumentiT (Setyobineba safosto gzavnilebis Cabarebis Sesaxeb da sxv.). saqmeSi aucileblad unda iyos cnoba, rom am wesiT gagzavnili gadawyvetilebis asli Cabarda adresats. _ sakasacio saCivris erTTviani vadis gamoTvlisas mxedvelobaSia misaRebi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-60 muxliT dadgenili wesi, kerZod, is, rom TveebiT gamosaTvleli saproceso vadis aTvla unda daiwyos im kalendaruli TariRis an movlenis dadgomis Semdgomi dRidan, romliTac gansazRvrulia misi dasawyisi (ix. am muxlis komentari); _ aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 61-e muxliT dadgenili wesi, romlis Tanaxmad TveebiT gamosaTvleli vada gasulad CaiTvle705 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali ba vadis ukanaskneli Tvis Sesabamis Tvesa da ricxvSi. Tu TveebiT gamosaTvleli vadis ukanaskneli dRe emTxveva uqme da dasvenebis dRes, vadis damTavrebis dRed unda CaiTvalos misi momdevno pirveli samuSao dRe (ix. am muxlis komentari). sasamarTlo praqtikaSi aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac saqmis masalebiT ver dgindeba dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba iqna gamocxadebuli, Tu misi sarezolucio nawili, aseve saqmis masalebiT ar dasturdeba mxareze gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis aslis Cabarebis faqti. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sxdomis oqmidan ar Cans, dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba iqna gamocxadebuli Tu mxolod misi sarezolucio nawili, an sxvagvarad eWvis qveS dgeba dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis sakiTxi, rodesac ssk-is 249-e muxlis moTxovnaTa daucvelad gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi, aseve amave kodeqsis 288-e muxlis `m~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad _ sxdomis oqmSi ganmartebuli ar aris gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis wesi, maSin mxares sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis ufleba yovelTvis unda hqondes erTi Tvis vadaSi mis mier am gadawyvetilebis aslis miRebis dRidan. im SemTxvevaSi ki, Tu saqmis masalebiT ver xerxdeba gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis aslis mxareze Cabarebis zusti TariRis dadgena, zogadsamarTlebrivi principebidan gamomdinare, aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli yvela eWvi unda gadawydes sakasacio (saapelacio) saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piris sasargeblod, anu gasaCivrebis erTTviani vada ar unda iqnes miCneuli gasulad.78 78 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #6, gv. 1586-1588. 706 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 398. saqmis gadagzavna sakasacio sasamarTloSi sakasacio saCivris Semosvlis Semdeg saapelacio sasamarTlo dauyovnebliv gadaugzavnis sakasacio sasamarTlos sakasacio saCivars da mTlianad saqmes. kanonis danawesis Tanaxmad (ssk-is 395-e muxli) sakasacio saCivari Setanil unda iqnes gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi. es sasamarTlo saCivris dasaSvebobis Seumowmeblad dauyovnebliv agzavnis mas saqmesTan erTad sakasacio sasamarTloSi. _ im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac miuxedavad kanonis danawesisa, sakasacio saCivari Setanilia uSualod sakasacio sasamarTloSi (ix. ssk-is 395-e muxlis komentari), gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlo sakasacio sasamarTlos moTxovnisTanave valdebulia gadaagzavnos saqme sakasacio sasamarTloSi. 707 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i XLIX saqmis warmoeba sakasacio sasamarTloSi muxli 399. zogadi debulebani saqmis ganxilva sakasacio sasamarTloSi warmoebs im wesebis dacviT, romlebic dadgenilia saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis, garda im gamonaklisebisa, romelTac es Tavi Seicavs. _ Tavis mxriv, saapelacio sasamarTlo saqmis warmoebisas xelmZRvanelobs im wesebiT, romlebic dadgenilia pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi saqmeTa warmoebisaTvis, im cvlilebebiTa da damatebebiT, rac dadgenilia saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis. amrigad, sakasacio sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxilva warmoebs im wesebis dacviT, rac dadgenilia: a) sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis; b) saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis, rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis raime gansxvavebuli wesi araa dadgenili; g) pirvel instanciaSi saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis, rodesac ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebaTa SesrulebisaTvis raime gansxvavebuli wesi sakasacio da arc saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmeTa ganxilvisaTvis araa dadgenili. _ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac kanonmdeblobaSi aris xarvezi, sakasacio sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs kanonis an samarTlis analogiiT (ssk-is me-7 muxli). 708 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 400. sakasacio saCivris gadagzavna meore mxarisaTvis, pasuxi sakasacio saCivarze gansaxilvelad miRebis Semdeg sakasacio saCivrisa da TandarTuli masalebis aslebi unda gadaegzavnos meore mxares, romelsac sakasacio sasamarTlo dauniSnavs vadas saCivarze werilobiTi pasuxis gasacemad. _ sakasacio sasamarTlom unda moamzados saqme gansaxilvelad. amisaTvis sakasacio sasamarTlom sakasacio saCivari da masze darTuli werilobiTi masalebis aslebi (Tu aseTi masalebi erTvis) Tavisi ganCinebiT `sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da misi momzadebis Sesaxeb~ unda gadaugzavnos mowinaaRmdege mxares. am ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu romel sakiTxebze unda gasces pasuxi mowinaaRmdege mxarem, kerZod: a) cnobs Tu ara sakasacio saCivars; b) Tu ar cnobs, ra konkretul mosazrebebs emyareba; g) xom ar apirebs Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris Semotanas; d) ra vadaSi unda iqnes warmodgenili werilobiTi pasuxi; e) gafrTxileba imis Sesaxeb, rom am vadis gasvlis Semdeg mas erTmeva ufleba waradginos werilobiTi Sesagebeli; v) saqmis sakasacio wesiT ganxilvis dRe, xolo Tu sakasacio sasamarTlos saqmis zepiri ganxilva ar miaCnia saWirod (ssk-is 408-e muxlis me-3 nawili), maSin ganCinebaSi unda mieTiTos, rom saqme ganxiluli iqneba zepiri ganxilvis gareSe da sakasacio sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb ecnobebaT mxareebs, rac gulisxmobs miRebuli gadawyvetilebis aslebis mxareTaTvis gagzavnas. 709 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 401. sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmeba 1. sakasacio saCivris Semosvlidan 10 dRis vadaSi momxsenebelma mosamarTlem unda Seamowmos, Setanilia Tu ara sakasacio saCivari am kodeqsis 396-e muxlis moTxovnaTa dacviT, Tu sakasacio saCivari akmayofilebs aRniSnuli muxlis moTxovnebs, igi warmoebaSi miiReba am kodeqsis 391-e muxlis safuZvelze dasaSvebobis Sesamowmeblad 2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul sakiTxebs momxsenebeli mosamarTle wyvets zepiri ganxilvis gareSe. 3. am kodeqsis 391-e muxlis safuZvelze sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobas amowmebs sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgenloba. kolegia uflebamosilia aRniSnuli sakiTxi gadawyvitos zepiri ganxilvis gareSe. 4. Tu sakasacio saCivari dauSveblad iqneba miCneuli, pirs daubrundeba mis mier gadaxdili saxelmwifo baJis 70 procenti. 1. dasaSvebobis axali winapirobebis SemoRebasTan dakavSirebiT ssk mkveTrad mijnavs erTmaneTisagan sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebasa da sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobas, agreTve maT safuZvlebsa da miznebs. pirvel etapze - (10 dReSi sakasacio saCivris Semosvlidan). sakasacio sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos sakiTxi misaRebia Tu ara warmoebaSi sakasacio saCivari. amisaTvis mas evaleba Seamowmos pasuxobs Tu ara igi 396-e muxlis moTxovnebs. imis mixedviT Tu rogori iqneba Semowmebis Sedegebi sakasacio sasamarTlos mosamarTles gamoaqvs Sesabamisad „ganCineba sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb“ 391-e muxlis 710 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari safuZvelze dasaSvebobis Sesamowmeblad, romelSic sxva rekvizitebTan erTad unda mieTiTos mizanze Semowmdes sakasacio saCivris dasaSveboba, an „ganCineba sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb“.79 meore etapze - sakasacio sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos ufro rTuli sakiTxi: dasaSvebia Tu ara sakasacio saCivari 391-e muxlis safuZvelze. dasaSvebobas amowmebs sakasacio sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgenloba. imis mixedviT, Tu rogori iqneba Semowmebis Sedegebi sakasacio sasamarTlo gamoitans Sesabamisad „ganCinebas sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb“ (403-e muxli). an „ganCinebas sakasacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo“ (403-e muxli) 2. sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis, sakasacio saCivris xarvezis an sakasacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis sakiTxebs wyvets erTpirovnulad momxsenebeli mosamarTle zepiri mosmenis gareSe, rac ar arTmevs mas uflebas gamouZaxos da gaesaubros mxareebs im sakiTxebze, romlebic saCivris warmoebaSi miRebas Seexeba. 3. rac Seexeba sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis sakiTxs, 391-e muxlis safuZvelze mas amowmebs sasamarTlos kolegiuri Semadgenloba, romelsac SeuZlia daniSnos amisaTvis zepiri mosmena an sakiTxi gadawyvitos zepiri mosmenis gareSe. 4. sakasacio saCivris dauSveblad cnobis SemTxvevaSi kasators ubrundeba baJis 70 procenti. ssk ar Seicavs miTiTebas imis Taobaze ubrundeba Tu ara baJi kasators im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac misi sakasacio saCivari ar iqna miRebuli warmoebaSi. 79 marTalia warmoebaSi miRebis sakiTxs wyvets erTpirovnulad sakasacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle, magram Sesabamisi ganCineba mas gamoaqvs sakasacio palatis saxeliT. 711 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali samarTliani iqneba Tu mas daubrundeba mis mier Semotanili saxelmwifo baJi mTlianad. sasamarTlo praqtika swori mimarTulebiT midis, aseT SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifo baJi ukan brundeba. muxli 402. sakasacio saCivris miRebis Sedegi 1. Tu arsebobs sakasacio saCivris yvela winapiroba da igi miRebulia sakasacio sasamarTlos mier, gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla SeCerdeba im nawilSi, romelic gasaCivrebulia. 2. Tu gasaCivrebulia gadawyvetileba, romelic dauyovnebliv unda aRsruldes, sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia droebiT SeaCeros aRsruleba da gaauqmos aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebi. 3. ganCineba amis Taobaze SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes saqmis zepiri ganxilvis gareSe, uzrunvelyofis Sesabamisi garantiebiT. 1. sakasacio saCivris, agreTve Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris Setana SeaCerebs gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT aRsrulebas im nawilSi, romelSic gasaCivrebulia. sakasacio sasamarTlos ganCineba sakasacio saCivris (Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris) gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb avtomaturad SeaCerebs gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas gasaCivrebul nawilSi. ganCinebaSi mizanSewonilia aRiniSnos amis Sesaxeb, magram romc ar aRiniSnos, gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla mainc SeCerdeba kanonis ZaliT. 2. es kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis SesaZleblobas (ix. ssk-is 268-e muxlis komentari). Tu sakasacio saCivari Semotanilia gadawyvetilebaze, romelic gadacemulia dauyovneb712 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari liv aRsrulebisaTvis, maSin sakasacio sasamarTlom Tavis ganCinebaSi sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb, unda miuTiTos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb, Tu amas kasatori moiTxovs. 3. amasTan erTad, dauyovnebliv aRsrulebaze gadacemuli gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis SeCerebisa da aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb, sakasacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs specialuri ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos aRsrulebis SeCerebiT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofis im garantiebze, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia ssk-is 57-e da 271-e muxlebiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari). _ Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris miReba iwvevs igive Sedegebs, rasac damoukidebeli sakasacio saCivris miReba, oRond gadawyvetilebis mxolod im nawilis mimarT, romelic am saCivriTaa gasaCivrebuli. muxli 403. saqmis ganxilvis daniSvna 1. sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT sasamarTlo gansazRvravs saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dros, ris Sesaxebac mxareebs atyobinebs am ganCinebis miRebidan 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi. 2. sasamarTlom unda acnobos mxareebs did palataSi saqmis gadacemisa da misi ganxilvis TariRis Sesaxeb. 1. sakasacio sasamarTlos mixedulebazea damokidebuli ganixilos saqme sasamarTlo sxdomaze (zepiri ganxilvis formiT) mxareTa monawileobiT, Tu zepiri ganxilvis gareSe, anu mxareTa monawileobis gareSe. _ Tu sakasacio sasamarTlo mizanSewonilad CaTvlis saqmis zepir ganxilvas, maSin man Tavis ganCinebaSi _ `sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da mom713 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali zadebis Sesaxeb~ unda miuTiTos, Tu romel dRes, romel saaTze da sasamarTlos romel sxdomis darbazSi moxdeba saqmis ganxilva. _ Tu sakasacio sasamarTlos ar miaCnia mizanSewonilad saqmis zepiri ganxilva, maSin man Tavis ganCinebaSi `sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da momzadebis Sesaxeb~ unda miuTiTos, rom sakasacio saCivari ganxiluli iqneba zepiri ganxilvis gareSe, mxareebs ecnobebaT saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb da gaegzavnebaT misi asli (ssk-is 408-e muxlis me-3 nawili). _ zemoxsenebul orive SemTxvevaSi mxareebs Setyobineba unda gaegzavnoT ganCinebis miRebidan 3 dRis vadaSi. 2. rac Seexeba did palataSi saqmis gadacemisa da misi ganxilvis TariRis mxareebisaTvis Setyobinebis sakiTxs, igi unda mowesrigdes am muxlis pirveli nawilis komentaris gaTvaliswinebiT. kerZod, mxareebs ecnoboT am ganCinebis miRebidan 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi. muxli 404. gadawyvetilebis Semowmebis farglebi 1. sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas sakasacio saCivris farglebSi. sakasacio sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT Seamowmos saproceso darRvevebi, garda 396-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `v~ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli faqtebisa. 2. sakasacio sasamarTlos ganxilvis sagani SeiZleba iyos agreTve sasamarTlos is ganCinebebi, romlebic win uswrebs sasamarTlos saboloo gadawyvetilebas, imisgan damoukideblad, dasaSvebia Tu ara maT mimarT kerZo saCivris Setana. 3. sakasacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos, eqvemdebareba Tu ara saqme sasamarT714 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari los uwyebrivad da aqvs Tu ara mas mocemul konkretul saqmeze saerTaSoriso kompetencia. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos teritoriul da sagnobriv gansjadobas sakasacio sasamarTlo Seamowmebs mxolod mopasuxis moTxovniT. aseTi moTxovna dasaSvebia, Tu igi saqmis saapelacio sasamarTloSi ganxilvisas iyo wamoyenebuli mopasuxis mier, an Tu arsebobs sapatio mizezi, ris gamoc aseTi moTxovna ver iqna wamoyenebuli saapelacio sasamarTloSi. 1. sakasacio saCivris farglebSi unda vigulisxmoT kasatoris sakasacio moTxovna (gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba mTlianad an nawilobriv). sakasacio moTxovnasTan mimarTebaSi sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos materialur-samarTlebrivi normebis ara marto is darRvevebi, romlebzec miuTiTebs kasatori Tavis saCivarSi, aramed saerTod gadawyvetilebis kanoniereba. sakasacio sasamarTlo SeboWilia kasatoris moTxovniT da igi ver gacdeba am moTxovnis farglebs: es farglebi ar moicavs kasatoris Txovnas saqmis xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan dabrunebis Tu axali gadawyvetilebis gamotanas TviTon sakasacio sasamarTlos mier (ix. 396-e muxlis „e“ punqtis komentari). igi araa SeboWili agreTve kasatoris mier sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli kanonis darRvevebiT da amowmebs gadawyvetilebas materialur-samarTlebrivi normebis sworad gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT. amitom, Tu sakasacio sasamarTlo aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad miva im daskvnamde, rom kasatoris moTxovna gadawyvetilebis mTlianad Tu nawilobriv gauqmebis Sesaxeb unda dakmayofildes, magram ara sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli, aramed materialur-samarTlebrivi normis (kanonis) sxva darRvevis gamo, sakasacio sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba. 715 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali _ gansxvavebuli mdgomareobaa saproceso normebis darRvevis Semowmebis mimarT. saproceso normebis darRvevebs sasamarTlo Seamowmebs, Tu am darRvevebze miTiTebulia sakasacio saCivarSi. Tavisi iniciativiT sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi, romlebic saqmeSia an sakasacio sasamarTloSi warmoadgina mxarem, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturon saproceso normis darRveva (ssk-is 396-e muxlis `v~ qvepunqti), agreTve saproceso darRvevebi, romlebzec miTiTebulia am muxlis me-3 nawilSi. 2. sasamarTlos nebismieri ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes. Tavisebureba mxolod imaSi mdgomareobs, rom zogierTi ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebisagan damoukideblad (calke) _ kerZo saCivriT, xolo zogierTi _ mxolod gadawyvetilebasTan erTad. _ sasamarTlos im ganCinebebis usworobaze da dausabuTeblobaze, romlebic SeiZleboda adre gasaCivrebuliyo kerZo saCivriT, magram ama Tu im mizeziT ar gasaCivrebula, agreTve im ganCinebebze, romlebzec kerZo saCivris Setana dauSvebelia _ SeiZleba mieTiTos saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul sakasacio saCivarSi. es imas niSnavs, rom am ganCinebis mimarT ar unda daiweros kerZo saCivris msgavsi calke saCivari. am ganCinebaTa usworobaze da dausabuTeblobaze SeiZleba miTiTebuli iyos mxolod saapelacio sasamarTlos Semajamebeli gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdeg Setanil sakasacio saCivarSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom adre gamotanili ganCinebebis gadawyvetilebasTan erTad gasaCivrebis mizani SeiZleba iyos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis iuridiuli dausabuTeblobis, misi kanonis darRveviT miRebis dadastureba. Sesabamisad, saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul sakasacio saCivarSi Camo716 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari yalibebul mosazrebebs am sasamarTlos mier gamotanili ganCinebebis usworobisa da maTi kanonis darRveviT miRebis Sesaxeb, sakasacio sasamarTlos ar gamoaqvs calke ganCineba. Tavisi mixeduleba (pozicia) am ganCinebebis Sesaxeb sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Camoayalibos sakasacio saCivris mimarT gamotanil Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi). magaliTi: saapelacio sasamarTlom saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas safuZvlad daudo iseTi garemoebebi, romlebic ar warmoadgenda saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis kanonier safuZvels. vinaidan ssk-is 431-e muxlis Tanaxmad, ganCineba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb ar saCivrdeba, saapelacio sasamarTlom saqme ganixila ganmeorebiT da miiRo adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebis sapirispiro Sedegi. sakasacio sasamarTlom marTebulad daakmayofila kasatoris moTxovna da gaauqma saapelacio sasamarTlos rogorc Semajamebeli gadawyvetileba, ise ganCinebac saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, vinaidan kanonis darRveviT iyo miRebuli.80 3. sakasacio sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT (mxareTa Txovnis gareSe) ara marto SeuZlia, aramed valdebulia Seamowmos sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba da sasamarTlos saerTaSoriso kompetencia. _ uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis Semowmebis dros sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs ssk-is me-11 muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari), xolo saerTaSoriso kompetenciis Semowmebis mizniT igi xelmZRvanelobs saqarTvelos kanoniT `saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ (am kanonis me-8-20 muxlebi).81 rac Seexeba gansjadobas, 80 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2001 wlis 19 oqtombris ganCineba #3k/393-01 81 T.liluaSvili, saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTali, Tb. 2004, gv.125 717 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali amis Semowmeba sakasacio sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT ar SeuZlia. unda arsebobdes mxolod mopasuxis moTxovna amis Sesaxeb. amasTan erTad, mopasuxes SeuZlia aseTi moTxovna wamoayenos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gansjadobis darRvevis Sesaxeb man mimarTa saapelacio sasamarTlos an, Tu daadasturebs, rom sapatio mizeziT ver daayena es sakiTxi saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros. muxli 405. Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZlia sakasacio saCivris gadacemidan 10 dRis ganmavlobaSi waradginos Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari, miuxedavad imisa, aqvs Tu ara naTqvami uari sakasacio saCivris Setanaze. _ am muxliT mowesrigebulia Segebebul sakasacio saCivarTan dakavSirebuli mxolod ori sakiTxi: a) Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes 10 dRis ganmavlobaSi im dRidan, roca mowinaaRmdege mxares gadaeca sakasacio saCivari. imis mixedviT, Tu ra wesiT moxda sakasacio saCivris gadagzavna mowinaaRmdege mxarisaTvis, am saCivris misTvis gadacemis momentic sxvadasxvanairad ganisazRvreba (ix. 70-e-78-e muxlebis komentaris danarTi) ; b) Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari SeuZlia waradginos kasatoris mowinaaRmdege mxarem (sakasacio mopasuxem) im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac mas uari aqvs naTqvami gadawyvetilebis sakasacio wesiT gasaCivrebaze. Segebebul sakasacio saCivarTan dakavSirebul sxva praqtikul sakiTxebze am muxlSi araa miTiTebuli, rac SeiZleba imiT aixsnas, rom Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari zogierTi gamonaklisis garda unda pasuxobdes yvela im moTxovnas, rasac saerTod sakasacio saCivari. es gamonaklisebi SemdegSi mdgomareobs. 718 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari a) Segebebul sakasacio saCivarze ar vrceldeba kanonis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba unda aRematebodes 50000 lars. igi SeiZleba am Tanxaze naklebi iyos. es imas niSnavs, rom masze ar vrceldeba agreTve 391-e muxlis me-5 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli dasaSvebobis pirobebi. b) Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari organuladaa dakavSirebuli damoukidebel (ZiriTad) sakasacio saCivarTan; Tu kasatori uars ityvis sakasacio saCivarze an sakasacio sasamarTlo ganuxilvelad datovebs mas, maSin Segebebuli sakasacio saCivaric ganuxilvelad unda darCes. g) Tu Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari wardgenilia sakasacio gasaCivrebis vadaSi da misi Rirebuleba aRemateba 50000 lars, maSin igi ganxilul unda iqnes, Tu misi Semtani piri uars ar ambobs Tavis Segebebul saCivarze. Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris Semtani piri iTxovs aramarto damoukidebeli sakasacio saCivris uaryofas, aramed gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis mis sasargeblod Secvlasac da Tu es asec moxda, es ar iqneba sauaresod Sebrunebis akrZalvis principis darRveva.82 muxli 406. davis sagnis Secvla da gadideba davis sagnis Secvla an gadideba, Segebebuli sarCelis Setana da xarjebis gansazRvra sakasacio sasamarTloze dauSvebelia. _ sakasacio sasamarTlo mowodebulia Seamowmos gadawyvetilebis mxolod iuridiuli mxare, kanonis dar82 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #2, gv. 285-287; ix.v.xrustali Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari. Jurn. „samarTali“ Tb. 2001, #8, gv.15 misive naSromi - samosamarTlo samarTlis gavlena samarTlis ganviTarebaze sakasacio sasamarTlos praqtikis magaliTze, Jurn.„adamiani da konstitucia“, 2003, #4, gv. 49-55 719 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali RveviT xom araa gamotanili gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba. rac Seexeba davis sagnis Secvlas an mosarCelis moTxovnis gadidebas, Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvras an kidev imis gansazRvras, Tu ra Tanxebi iqna mxaris mier daxarjuli ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis mizniT, rogorc wesi yovelTvisaa dakavSirebuli axali faqtebis dadgenasTan da, aqedan gamomdinare, axali mtkicebulebebis gamokvlevasTan, Semowmebasa da SefasebasTan, rac sruliad SeuTavsebelia im funqciasTan da im amocanebTan, romlebic sakasacio sasamarTlos winaSe dgas. magaliTi: erT-erT saqmeze kasatorma Tavisi sakasacio saCivriT moiTxova binis nasyidobis xelSekrulebis baTilad cnoba da mopasuxisa da misi ojaxis wevrebis binidan gamosaxleba. sakasacio palatam binidan gamosaxlebis moTxovnis nawilSi sakasacio saCivari ar daakmayofila da miuTiTa, rom miuxedavad kasatoris moTxovnisa, sakasacio sasamarTlo sadavo binidan mopasuxisa da misi ojaxis wevrebis gamosaxlebis sakiTxs ver gadawyvets, vinaidan binidan gamosaxlebis Taobaze mosarCeles dadgenili wesiT ar miumarTavs sasamarTlosaTvis da aRniSnulze ar arsebobda sasarCelo moTxovna. vinaidan sadavo binidan gamosaxlebis sakiTxi mosarCeles qvemdgom sasamarTlo instanciaSi ar dauyenebia da am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT qvemdgom sasamarTlos msjeloba ar hqonia, cxadia, am sakiTxze sakasacio sasamarTloc ver imsjelebda, radgan davis sagnis gadideba sakasacio sasamarTloSi dauSvebelia.83 83 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003 #8, gv.1973-1982 720 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 407. Semowmebis faqtobrivi safuZveli 1. sakasacio sasamarTlo imsjelebs mxaris mxolod im axsna-ganmartebaze, romelic asaxulia saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi an sxdomis oqmSi. garda amisa, SeiZleba mxedvelobaSi miRebul iqnes am kodeqsis 396-e muxlis pirveli nawilis „„v“„ qvepunqtSi miTiTebuli faqtebi. 2. saapelacio sasamarTlos mier damtkicebulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebebi savaldebuloa sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis, Tu wamoyenebuli ar aris dasaSvebi da dasabuTebuli pretenzia (Sedaveba). 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili krZalavs sakasacio sasamarTloSi axal faqtebze miTiTebasa da axali mtkicebulebebis warmodgenas. aseTi mdgomareoba mkveTrad ganasxvavebs sakasacio sasamarTlos saapelacio sasamarTlosagan, romelsac SeuZlia axali faqtebisa da mtkicebulebebis miReba da ganxilva, Tu es xels ar SeuSlis saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis droulad gadawyvetas (ix. ssk-is 380-e muxlis komentari). _ am akrZalvas efuZneba am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesi imis Sesaxeb, rom sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia imsjelos mxolod im faqtobriv garemoebebze da mtkicebulebebze, romlebic wamoyenebuli iyo mxareebis mier saapelacio sasamarTloSi da aisaxa Sesabamisad sxdomis oqmSi an saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi). gamonakliss am TvalsazrisiT warmoadgens is faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi, romlebic saproceso normebis darRvevas adastureben, Tu sakasacio saCivari aseT darRvevas emyareba (ssk-is 404-e muxli). 2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis moTxovna araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba gagebul iqnes ise, TiTqos saapela721 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali cio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT damtkicebulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebebi savaldebulo iyos sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis, miuxedavad imisa, emyareba Tu ara es damtkicebulad cnobili garemoebebi saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs. aqedan gamomdinare, sakasacio sasamarTlom yovelTvis unda Seamowmos kasatoris mier sakasacio saCivarSi Camoyalibebuli moTxovna (pretenzia) imis Sesaxeb, rom darRveulia ssk-is 249-e muxlis me-4 nawilis danawesi (ix. am muxlis komentari) da gadawyvetilebaSi ar aris miTiTebuli, Tu romel mtkicebulebebs emyareba sasamarTlos daskvnebi faqtobrivi garemoebebis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb, an rom saqmeSi saerTod ar aris aseTi mtkicebulebebi da gaugebaria, Tu ris safuZvelze CaTvala man es garemoebebi dadasturebulad. _ sakasacio sasamarTlo mxolod im SemTxvevaSi ar Seamowmebs yovelive amas, Tu TviTon kasatoris mier araa wamoyenebuli aseTi moTxovna, rac imaze migvaniSnebs, rom kasatori TviTonac aRiarebs sasamarTlos mier damtkicebulad cnobil faqtobriv garemoebebs, cnobs maT dadgenilad da dadasturebulad. _ damatebiTi da dasabuTebuli pretenzia, ris Sesaxebac miTiTebulia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi, ar SeiZleba gavigoT rogorc kasatoris mier mowinaaRmdege mxaris mimarT raime axali materialur-samarTlebrivi moTxovnis wamoyeneba. sakasacio sasamarTloSi ar SeiZleba arc sasarCelo moTxovnis gadideba, arc sarCelis sagnis Secvla da arc Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra (ssk-is 406-e muxli). damatebiT sakasacio pretenziaSi igulisxmeba mxolod im saproceso normebis darRvevaze miTiTeba, romlebsac kasatoris azriT, adgili hqonda saqmis saapelacio sasamarTloSi ganxilvis dros da romelTa dasadastureblad SeiZleba miTiTebul iqnes saqmeSi arsebul masalebze, an am darRvevebTan dakavSirebiT warmodgenil iqnes axali mtkicebulebebi. 722 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari magaliTi: Sps `musfondma~ sakasacio saCivriT moiTxova saolqo sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba im safuZvliT, rom sasamarTlom daarRvia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 106-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqtis moTxovna, sxvagvarad Seafasa garemoebani, romlebic dadgenili iyo samoqalaqo saqmeze kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT, romlis ganxilvaSic igive mxareebi monawileobdnen. mocemul SemTxvevaSi mxarem miuTiTa da, Sesabamisad, waradgina amave sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetileba, sadac igive mxareebi monawileobdnen da davis saganic dakavSirebuli iyo winamdebare davasTan. aseT SemTxvevaSi ki samoqalaqo saqmeze miRebul gadawyvetilebas (dadgenil faqtebs) preiudiciuli mniSvneloba eniWeba am (axal) davaSi, razedac saapelacio sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi saerTod ar miuTiTa da ar ganixila isini saqmeze warmodgenil mtkicebulebebTan erTad. mocemul SemTxvevaSi kasators gaaCnda dasabuTebuli sakasacio pretenzia gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis mimarT da igi sakasacio sasamarTlom safuZvlianad miiCnia.84 _ damatebiT da dasabuTebul sakasacio pretenziad aseve miiCneva sasamarTlos mier samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 104-e muxlis pirveli nawilis darRveva, rodesac sasamarTlom mxaris SuamdgomlobiT ar gamoiZaxa da ar dakiTxa mowme, aseve, ar miiRo, ar gamoiTxova an saqmidan amoiRo iseTi mtkicebulebebi, romlebsac gansaxilveli saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba hqonda. kasatori Tu aseT darRvevaze miuTiTebs, man es mtkicebuleba sakasacio saCivars unda daurTos, raTa sakasacio sasamarTlom Seamowmos sakasacio pretenziis dasabuTebuloba. 84 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #10, gv. 1714-1718. 723 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali magaliTi: saapelacio sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila apelantis Suamdgomloba samemkvidreo saqmis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb. sakasacio sasamarTlom Tavis ganCinebaSi miuTiTa: saapelacio palatam ise miiCnia saqmisaTvis warmodgenili yvela saWiro dokumentacia srulyofilad, rom ar gaiTvaliswina samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 135e muxlis moTxovnebi. aseve, ar Seasrula saproceso kodeqsis 137-e muxlis moTxovnebi da reagireba ar moaxdina mxaris gancxadebaze anderZis siyalbis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlom mxolod daurTo Suamdgomloba saqmes da ar ganixila. sakasacio sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom warmodgenili sakasacio pretenzia iyo safuZvliani, gaauqma saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba da saqme daabruna xelaxali ganxilvisaTvis.85 muxli 408. saqmis zepiri ganxilva 1. saqmis zepiri ganxilva iwyeba sakasacio sasamarTlos erT-erTi wevris moxsenebiT. 2. momxsenebeli sasamarTlos moaxsenebs saqmis viTarebas, saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis safuZvlebs. amis Semdeg mxareebs eZlevaT sityva gancxadebebis gakeTebisa da dasabuTebis mizniT. 3. sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia gadawyvetileba gamoitanos saqmis zepiri mosmenis gareSe. sasamarTlom saqmis zepiri mosmenis gareSe ganxilvis Sesaxeb winaswar unda acnobos mxareebs. 1. sakasacio sasamarTloSi, ise rogorc saapelacio da pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebSi, saqmis zepiri ganxilva iwyeba erT-erTi mosamarTlis moxsenebiT. 85 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #5, gv.1090-1094 724 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari saqmis ganxilvis dawyebis aseT wess aqvs didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba im TvalsazrisiT, rom kasators da mis mowinaaRmdege mxares eZlevaT SesaZlebloba gaarkvion, Tu ramdenad sworad gaigo momxsenebelma mosamarTlem sakasacio saCivris moTxovna, safuZvlebi, rasac es moTxovna emyareba da saerTod sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsi, agreTve mowinaaRmdege mxaris Sesagebeli da misi Sinaarsi. Tu raime ar iyo sworad gagebuli da gadmocemuli, mxareebs unda mieceT saSualeba daazuston TavianTi sakasacio saCivrisa da Sesageblis namdvili arsi da Sinaarsi. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs im sakiTxebis wres, romlebsac Tanmimdevrulad unda Seexos mosamarTle, kerZod, sakasacio sasamarTlos momxsenebelma mosamarTlem unda gadmosces: a) `saqmis viTareba~, anu vin aRZra sarCeli da vis winaaRmdeg, rogori gadawyvetileba iqna gamotanili pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier da romelma mxarem gaasaCivra igi saapelacio sasamarTloSi; b) rogori gadawyvetileba miiRo saapelacio sasamarTlom da romel faqtobriv da samarTlebriv safuZvlebs emyareba misi gadawyvetileba. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saapelacio sasamarTlos mier damtkicebulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebebi savaldebuloa sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis (ssk-is 407-e muxli), gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens imis zustad da srulad gadmocema, Tu romeli faqtebi cno saapelacio sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT dadgenilad da romeli kanonis (materialur-samarTlebrivi normis) safuZvelze Seafasa iuridiulad es garemoebebi. es aris sakasacio sasamarTlos mosamarTlis moxsenebis erT-erTi yvelaze sapasuxismgeblo da yvelaze mniSvnelovani elementi; g) ra aris sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsi, gadawyvetilebis romel nawils asaCivrebs kasatori, rogoria misi moTxovna, romeli kanonia misi azriT darRveuli da konkretulad raSi gamoixateba es darRveva (ssk-is 393725 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali e da 394-e muxlebi). aqve sakasacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle unda Seexos sakasacio saCivris winaaRmdeg, mowinaaRmdege mxaris mier wamoyenebul werilobiTi Sesageblis Sinaarss. _ momxsenebeli mosamarTlis gamosvlis Semdeg sityva eZlevaT mxareebs, kerZod, kasators da mis warmomadgenels, xolo Semdeg _ mowinaaRmdege mxaresa da mis warmomadgenels. maT SeuZliaT daakonkreton da daazuston TavianTi moTxovnebisa da Sesageblis Sinaarsi, Tu momxsenebelma mosamarTlem raime Secdoma an uzustoba dauSva, magram maT ar unda gaimeoron is, rac ukve Tqva momxsenebelma mosamarTlem. 3. am muxlis me-3 nawilis danawesi ganpirobebulia sakasacio sasamarTlos funqciiTa da uflebamosilebiT Seamowmos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis mxolod iuridiuli mxare _ xom araa gadawyvetileba gamotanili kanonis darRveviT. _ zogjer eWvs ar iwvevs, rom gadawyvetileba marTlac kanonis darRveviTaa gamotanili, xolo zogjer aseve araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs, rom gadawyvetileba miRebulia kanonis moTxovnaTa zusti SesabamisobiT. SeiZleba aseT viTarebaSi marTlac ar iyos saWiro mxareTa gamoZaxeba da maTi monawileobiT saqmis zepiri ganxilva. magram, rodesac gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis iuridiuli mxaris, anu samarTlebrivi dasabuTebulobis Semowmeba dakavSirebulia saqmis masalebis, am saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis analizTan, an kasatoris mier warmodgenili damatebiTi werilobiTi masalebi miuTiTeben iseT saproceso darRvevebze, romlebsac SeeZloT gavlena moexdinaT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis, rogorc faqtobriv, ise mis iuridiul dasabuTebulobaze da sxva, agreTve, rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom am saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes da gamotanil iqnes axali gadawyvetileba misi xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan dabrunebis gareSe, aseT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba saWiro 726 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari da mizanSewonili iyos mxareTa monawileobiT saqmis zepiri ganxilvis daniSvna. praqtikaSi xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac sasamarTlo daadgens gadawyvetilebis gamotanas zepiri ganxilvis gareSe, magram zepiri ganxilvis aucilebloba SeiZleba wamoiWras saqmis ganxilvis procesSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo uflebamosilia axali ganCinebiT daadginos saqmis zepiri ganxilva. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlo daadgens sakasacio saCivris zepiri ganxilvis gareSe ganxilvas, sasamarTlo valdebulia amis Sesaxeb acnobos mxareebs. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi Setanil iqna sarCeli ssk-is 408-e muxlis me-3 nawilis gauqmebis Sesaxeb, imis gamo, rom igi ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstituciis 39-e muxlisa da 42-e muxlis pirvel da mesame punqtebs. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos meore kolegiam Tavisi 2003 wlis 3 ivlisis #2/6/205,232 gadawyvetilebiT ar daakmayofila sarCeli da CaTvala, rom saqarTvelos ssk-is 408-e muxlis me-3 nawili, romelic uSvebs sakasacio sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanas saqmis zepiri ganxilvis gareSe, ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstituciis 39-e muxlisa da 42-e muxlis pirvel da mesame nawilebs. ar iqneba interesmoklebuli aRiniSnos, rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlos am gadawyvetilebaSi moyvanilia adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli sasamarTlos praqtika, romelic ganmartavs evrokonvenciis me6 muxlis debulebas saqmis sajarod ganxilvasTan mimarTebaSi. kerZod, „adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom saqmeze “Fredin SvedeTis winaaRmdeg” daadgina, rom ufleba sajaro sasamarTlo ganxilvaze moicavs uflebas zepir ganxilvaze pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi da es savaldebulo moTxovna ar vrceldeba zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloebze”.86 86 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos meore kolegiis 2003 wlis 3 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqme #2/6/205, 232 727 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali T a v i L sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba muxli 409. gadawyvetilebis Secvlis farglebi sakasacio sasamarTlo uflebamosilia Secvalos saapelacio sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba mxolod im farglebSi, rasac mxareebi moiTxoven. _ sakasacio sasamarTlo uflebamosilia Seamowmos gadawyvetileba mxolod sakasacio saCivris farglebSi, e. i. mxolod im nawilSi, romelSic gasaCivrebulia. zustad aseve, sakasacio sasamarTlo uflebamosilia Secvalos gadawyvetileba mxolod im farglebSi, rasac kasatori moiTxovs. sauaresod Sebruneba dauSvebelia (ix. ssk-is 384-e muxlis komentari). es imas niSnavs, rom sakasacio sasamarTlom an unda daakmayofilos saCivari masSi Camoyalibebuli moTxovnis farglebSi, an uari unda uTxras kasators mis dakmayofilebaze. sakasacio sasamarTlom an unda gaauqmos (Secvalos) gadawyvetileba ise, rogorc amas kasatori moiTxovs, an uari unda Tqvas aseT gauqmebaze (Secvlaze). gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi Semowmebisas SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom igi araswori da kanonSeusabamoa im nawilSic, romelic kasatoris sasargeblodaa gamotanili. miuxedavad amisa, sakasacio sasamarTlo ver gaauqmebs da ver Secvlis gadawyvetilebas am nawilSi, radgan misi gauqmeba ar uTxovia Segebebuli an damoukidebeli sakasacio saCivriT mowinaaRmdege, anu iuridiulad dainteresebul mxares. 728 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 410. uari sakasacio saCivarze sakasacio sasamarTlo ar daakmayofilebs sakasacio saCivars, Tu: a) kanonis miTiTebul darRvevas ara aqvs adgili; b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas safuZvlad ar udevs kanonis darRveva. _ sakasacio sasamarTlo uwinares yovlisa, valdebulia Seamowmos, aqvs Tu ara adgili kanonis im darRvevas, romelic miTiTebulia sakasacio saCivarSi (sskis 393-e muxli). magram sakasacio sasamarTlo araa SeboWili mxolod sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli kanonis darRvevis SemowmebiT. sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia gascdes sakasacio saCivris farglebs da Seamowmos kanonis iseTi darRvevebic, romlebzec araa miTiTebuli am saCivarSi: sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas sakasacio saCivris moTxovnis farglebSi, magram am moTxovnis farglebSi mas SeuZlia da valdebulicaa Seamowmos ara marto am saCivarSi miTiTebuli darRvevebi, aramed kanonis sxva darRvevebic. _ aqedan gamomdinare, sakasacio sasamarTlom, Tu igi uars eubneba kasators saCivris dakmayofilebaze, unda miuTiTos Tavis ganCinebaSi ara marto imaze, rom kasatoris mier miTiTebul kanonis darRvevas ar aqvs adgili da daasabuTos es, aramed imazec, rom kanonis arc sxva darRvevas aqvs adgili. magaliTi: uzenaesi sasamarTlos didma palatam Tavis ganCinebaSi aRniSna: didi palatis azriT sakasacio saCivari usafuZvlobisa da dausabuTeblobis motiviT, ar unda dakmayofildes, Tanaxmad samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 410-e muxlisa da ucvlelad darCes Tbili729 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali sis saolqo sasamarTlos saapelacio palatis ganCineba, radgan sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebul kanondarRvevas adgili ar hqonia da saapelacio palatam kanonis marTebuli gamoyenebiTa da ganmartebiT, saqmis faqtobriv garemoebaTa swori SefasebiT gamoitana kanonieri ganCineba.87 muxli 411. sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba sakasacio sasamarTlo TviTon miiRebs gadawyvetilebas saqmeze, Tu ar arsebobs am kodeqsis 412-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da saqmis saapelacio sasamarTloSi xelaxla gansaxilvelad dabrunebis safuZvlebi. _ es muxli gansazRvravs pirobas, romlis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi sakasacio sasamarTlos TviTon SeuZlia miiRos gadawyvetileba saqmeze, ise, rom ar daabrunos igi xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan. amgvari pirobaa saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis srulad da sworad dadgena gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlos mier da am faqtebis dadgena saproceso normebis darRvevis gareSe. es iseTi SemTxvevaa, rodesac saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebi dadgenilia srulad da sworad, e. i. faqtobrivi TvalsazrisiT saqme mzadaa gadasawyvetad, magram arasworadaa Sefardebuli (gamoyenebuli) kanoni. magaliTi: uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatam gaauqma saapelacio sasa- 87 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatis gadawyvetilebani, 2001-2002, gv. 77-82. 730 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari marTlos gadawyvetileba da miiRo axali gadawyvetileba sarCelze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. ganCinebaSi miTiTebulia: palata Tvlis, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi saqmeze faqtobrivi garemoebebi dadgenilia saproceso normebis darRvevis gareSe da palata uflebamosilia, miiRos axali gadawyvetileba. radgan mosarCele iTxovs mravalbinian saxlSi binis mesakuTreTa saerTo sargeblobaSi arsebuli farTis gayofas, rasac saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs, amitom mis sarCels uari unda eTqvas.88 muxli 412. saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis dabruneba xelaxla gansaxilvelad 1. sakasacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da saqmes xelaxla gansaxilvelad abrunebs saapelacio sasamarTloSi, Tu: a) saqmis garemoebebi saproceso normebis iseTi darRveviTaa dadgenili, rom am darRvevebis Sedegad saqmeze araswori gadawyvetileba iqna gamotanili da saWiroa mtkicebulebaTa damatebiTi gamokvleva; b) arsebobs am kodeqsis 394-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebi, garda aRniSnuli muxlis „„g“ da „e“ qvepunqtebisa. 2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul gadawyvetilebas sakasacio sasamarTlom safuZvlad unda daudos samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romelic savaldebuloa saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis. saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad SeiZleba daubrundes saapelacio sasamarTlos imave an sxva Semadgenlobas.„ 88 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #6 gv.1476-1479 731 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 1. sakasacio sasamarTlo araa faqtebis damdgeni sasamarTlo. igi mowodebulia Seamowmos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, e.i. ramdenad sworadaa Sefasebuli iuridiulad sasamarTlos mier dadgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebi. es imas niSnavs, rom gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT Semowmeba SeuZlebelia imis garkvevis gareSe Tu ra Sefasda, anu romeli faqtebi Sefasda iuridiulad. aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebidan ar Cans, Tu romeli faqtebi CaTvala sasamarTlom dadgenilad da, maSasadame, romeli faqtebi Seafasa man iuridiulad an kidev, sasamarTlom iuridiuli mniSvneloba mianiWa faqts, romelsac sinamdvileSi ar aqvs aseTi mniSvneloba, SeiZleba moxdes piriqiTac, sasamarTlom iuridiuli mniSvneloba ar mianiWa faqts da ar dauSva mis dasadastureblad mtkicebuleba, romelsac sinamdvileSi aqvs aseTi mniSvneloba da bolos, sasamarTlom srulad da sworad daadgina saqmeze faqtiuri garemoebebi, magram misca am faqtebs araswori samarTlebrivi Sefaseba. rogorc vxedavT, sakasacio sasamarTlos doneze faqtebis dadgena ar warmoadgens sakasacio sasamarTlos kompetencias da mxolod samarTalSefaseba eqvemdebareba gadasinjvas, magram TviT samarTalSefardebis gadasinjva SeuZlebelia im faqtiuri garemoebebis gadamowmebis gareSe, romlebic samarTlebrivi Sefasebis obieqts warmoadgens. saqmis ukan dabruneba gansaxilvelad mxolod imitom, rom saqme faqtobrivi TvalsazrisiT mzadaa gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, magram saWiroa am faqtebis swori iuridiuli Sefaseba - saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dauSvebelia. Secdomis gasworeba saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis samarTlebriv SefasebaSi - sakasacio sasamarTlos prerogativaa. amitom, Tu sakasacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da saqmes abrunebs ukan xelaxla gansax732 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ilvelad man Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi unda miuTiTos gadawyvetilebisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone romeli faqtobrivi garemoeba, romelzec mxareebi amyareben TavianT moTxovnas Tu Sesagebels, ar iqna dadgenili sasamarTlos mier (Secdoma faqtis iuridiuli mniSvnelobis SefasebaSi) an kidev, faqtis dadgenis (mtkicebulebaTa mopovebis) romeli saproceso wesebi iqna darRveuli, an raSi gamoixateba konkretulad saproceso samarTlebrivi normis darRveva, romelmac zegavlena iqonia gasaCivrebuli g adawyvetilebis sisworeze. sakasacio sasamarTloebma yovelTvis mxedvelobaSi unda iqonion, rom Tu maT gadawyvetilebebSi (ganCinebebSi) naTlad da garkveviT araa miTiTebuli gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis an axali gadawyvetilebis gamotanis samarTlebriv safuZvlebze, aseTi gadawyvetilebebi ver Seasruleben sakasacio sasamarTlos verc individualur da verc sajaro interesebis dacvis funqcias. am muxlis pirveli nawilis „b“ qvepunqtis Tanaxmadsakasacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas da saqmes abrunebs xelaxla gansaxilvelad Tu arsebobs gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis erT-erTi absoluturi safuZveli, garda 394-e muxlis „g“ da „e“ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebuli safuZvlebisa, rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlos TviTon gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba saqmis xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan dabrunebis gareSe. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad sakasacio sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebas (ganCinebas) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb safuZvlad unda daudos samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romelic SeiZleba Seexebodes aramarto saproceso darRvevebis mniSvnelobis gansazRvras imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra gavlena SeiZleba moexdina maT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis sisworeze, aramed materialur samarTlebriv darRvevebs, magaliTad imis Taobaze, rom saa733 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali pelacio sasamarTlom gamoiyena samarTlis norma, Tumca ar iyo dadgenili yvela faqtobrivi garemoeba, rac aucilebelia am normis SefardebisaTvis. sxva sityvebiT samarTlebrivi Sefasebis obieqti aris ara samarTlebrivi normis Sinaarsis ganmsazRvreli faqtebi, aramed sasamarTlos mier dadgenilad cnobili faqtebi. sakasacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos saapelacio sasamarTlos mier gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi Camoyalibebuli samarTlebrivi Sefasebis siswore, misi Sesabamisoba samarTlis normis Semadgenlobis abstraqtul niSnebTan, normis azrsa da SinaarsTan. samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romelic safuZvlad daudo sakasacio sasamarTlom gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas, savaldebuloa saqmis xelaxla ganmxilvel sasamarTlosaTvis. muxli 413. saqmis ukan dabruneba sakasacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg saqme sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis aslTan erTad ukan unda daubrundes saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos. sakasacio saCivris Taobaze gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) miRebis Semdeg saqme am gadawyvetilebis aslTan erTad unda daubrundes im sasamarTlos, romlis mier gamotanil gadawyvetilebazec iyo es sakasacio saCivari Semotanili. 734 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari kari meaTe kerZo saCivari T a v i LI kerZo saGivris dasaSveboba da ganxilvis wesi muxli 414. kerZo saCivris Setana 1. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba sasamarTlos mier gamotanil ganCinebebze, mxolod am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi. 2. kerZo saCivris Setana SeuZliaT mxareebs, romelTa mimarTac gamotanilia ganCineba, agreTve im pirebsac, romlebsac uSualod exebaT es ganCineba. 1. samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvis procesSi, jer kidev gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, saWiro xdeba sxvadasxva xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis ganCinebebis gamotana. zogierTi aseTi ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebisagan damoukideblad da misgan gancalkevebiT. swored amitom uwodeben aseT saCivars kerZo saCivars. kerZo saCivari ganCinebaze dasaSvebia, Tu amas pirdapir iTvaliswinebs kanoni. magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom sasamarTlos sxva ganCinebebze Sedaveba dauSvebelia. Tu ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setanas ar iTvaliswinebs kanoni, aseT ganCinebaze sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebi SeiZleba Camoyalibdes sakasacio (saapelacio) saCivarSi. 2. kerZo saCivris Setana ganCinebaze, roca es kanoniTaa dasaSvebi, SeuZlia im mxares, romlis winaaRmdegac ganCinebaa gamotanili. 735 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali amasTan erTad, garda mxareebisa, kerZo saCivari SeiZleba Seitanos im pirmac, romelsac es ganCineba uSualod exeba. magaliTad, pirma iSuamdgomla sasamarTlos winaSe, rom dauSvas igi mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe. sasamarTlom uari uTxra mas Tavisi ganCinebiT. am pirs SeuZlia gaasaCivros ganCineba, Tumca igi araa mxare, magram mas uSualod exeba es ganCineba. rodesac ganCineba miRebulia mxaris Suamdgomlobis Taobaze, es mxare unda CaiTvalos im pirad, romlis mimarTac gamotanilia ganCineba. Tu sasamarTlos mier uari eTqva piris Suamdgomlobas mesame pirad damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovnis gareSe saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb, am SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba arsebobdes sxva piri, romelsac Seexeba es ganCineba. sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, exeba Tu ara gasaCivrebuli ganCineba uSualod im pirs, romelic araa am saqmeSi mxare, TiToeul konkretul SemTxvevaSi unda gadawydes sasamarTlos mixedulebiT. magaliTad, erT-erT saqmeze sakasacio palatam ucvlelad datova saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba, radgan, pirebi, romlebmac Semoitanes kerZo saCivari, ar warmoadgenen arc mxareebs da arc iseT pirebs, romlebsac uSualod exebaT gasaCivrebuli ganCineba.89 muxli 415. kerZo saCivris forma kerZo saCivari Setanil unda iqnes werilobiTi formiT im sasamarTloSi, romelmac miiRo gadawyvetileba. _ ise rogorc sxva saxis saCivrebi (saapelacio, sakasacio) kerZo saCivaric SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes mxolod werilobiTi formiT da mxolod im sasamarTloSi, romlis ganCinebac saCivrdeba. 89 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #5, gv. 1283-1285. 736 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 416. kerZo saCivris Setanis vada 1. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba ganCinebis gadacemis momentidan 12 dRis ganmavlobaSi. am vadis gagrZeleba dauSvebelia. 2. Tu ganCinebis gamocxadebas eswreboda kerZo saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piri, kerZo saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba misi gamocxadebis momentidan. 1. kerZo saCivris Setanis 12 dRiani vada vrceldeba mxolod iseT ganCinebebze, romelTa mimarT kanoniT gasaCivrebis sxva vada araa dadgenili. am vadis gagrZeleba dauSvebelia. _ ganCinebis gadacemis momentad, saidanac iwyeba misi gasaCivrebis vada iTvleba am ganCinebis aslis mxarisaTvis Cabareba uSualod sasamarTloSi, rac unda dadasturdes saTanado xelweriliT, an kidev, am ganCinebis mxarisaTvis gadagzavniT 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.90 2. kerZo saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba agreTve dasabuTebuli ganCinebis gamocxadebis momentidan, Tu mis gamocxadebas eswreboda kerZo saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piri, xolo Tu gamocxadda mxolod ganCinebis sarezolucio nawili, maSin unda gairkves, Tu rodis Cabarda mxares dasabuTebuli ganCinebis asli, anu misi gadacemis momenti.91 90 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2003 wlis 21 martis ganCineba #3k/365-03 91 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #9, gv.2514-2516 737 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 417. kerZo saCivrisa da saqmis masalebis gadagzavna zemdgom sasamarTloSi kerZo saCivari saqmesTan erTad gadaegzavneba zemdgom sasamarTlos. 2006 wlis ivlisSi ssk-Si ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Sedegad, gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs TviTon gamoasworos kerZo saCivarSi miTiTebuli da mis mier daSvebuli Secdoma. kerZo saCivris ganxilvis manamde arsebuli wesi SenarCunebulia mxolod sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Taobaze gamotanil ganCinebebze Semotanil saCivrebze (ix. 1971 muxlis komentari). 417-e muxlis Tanaxmad kerZo saCivari Seitaneba gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi, romelic am saCivars saqmesTan erTad dauyovnebliv gadaugzavnis zemdgom sasamarTlos. muxli 418. kerZo saCivris Setanis Sedegi 1. kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeaCerebs im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas, romelic sasamarTlos gasaCivrebuli ganCinebiT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. 2. sasamarTlos SeuZlia SeaCeros aseTi saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba. gasaCivrebuli ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis SeCereba SeuZlia pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos an saapelacio sasamarTlos, Tu kerZo saCivari mas gadaegzavna. 1. mTeli rigi ganCinebebisa, Tavisi xasiaTiT da SinaarsiT iseTia, romelTa safuZvelze raime moqmedeba 738 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari unda Sesruldes, raime moqmedebis Sesruleba unda daiwyos. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ver SeaCerebs am gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas ( 270-e muxli). 2. kerZo saCivriT gasaCivrebuli ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebuli moqmedebis Sesrulebis SeCereba SeuZlia am ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos da zemdgom sasamarTlos, Tu kerZo saCivari gadaegzavna mas. _ gasaCivrebuli ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebuli saproceso moqmedebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb gamotanil unda iqnes ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos imis Sesaxeb, rom moqmedebis Sesruleba SeCerdeba kerZo saCivris Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebamde. am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba. muxli 419. gadawyvetileba kerZo saCivris Taobaze 1. kerZo saCivris Taobaze ganCineba gamoaqvs zemdgom sasamarTlos. 2. ganCineba miiReba saqmis zepiri ganxilvis gareSe. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos kerZo saCivris zepiri ganxilvac, Tu es saWiroa da xels uwyobs saqmis garemoebebis garkvevas. 3. zemdgomi sasamarTlos ganCineba kerZo saCivris Taobaze ar gasaCivrdeba. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili kidev erTxel gvidasturebs, rom kerZo saCivris Taobaze ganCineba gamoaqvs zemdgom sasamarTlos. mxolod igi wyvets sakiTxs kerZo saCivris dasaSvebobis, misi dakmayofilebis Tu dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.92 2. am muxlis meore nawili gansazRvravs zemdgomi 92 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #5, gv.1221-1222 739 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali sasamarTlos mier kerZo saCivris ganxilvis Taviseburebebs, romlebic SemdegSi mdgomareobs: a) kerZo saCivari ganixileba zepiri ganxilvis gareSe. b) orive mxaris mowveva da saqmis zepiri ganxilvis daniSvna xdeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu kerZo saCivris ganmxilvel sasamarTlos es saWirod da mizanSewonilad miaCnia. aseTi saWiroeba SeiZleba warmoiSvas iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac kerZo saCivris arsidan gamomdinare aucilebelia zogierTi faqtobrivi monacemis dadgena-dadastureba. magaliTad, Semotanilia kerZo saCivari ganCinebaze gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb. gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes garkveuli faqtobrivi garemoebebis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi, kerZod, Tu gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis dayovnebam SeiZleba mniSvnelovani ziani miayenos gadamxdevinebels an misi Semdgomi aRsruleba SeuZlebeli aRmoCndes ( 268-e muxli). Tu kerZo saCivari saeWvos xdis im garemoebaTa arsebobas, romlebic safuZvlad udevs gasaCivrebul ganCinebas, sasamarTlos SeuZlia am kerZo saCivris ganxilvisaTvis daniSnos sxdoma (zepiri ganxilva) mxareTa SetyobinebiT. sasamarTlo sxdomaze mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs saCivris ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas; g) kerZo saCivari SeiZleba ganxilul da gadawyvetil iqnes zepiri ganxilvis gareSe, Tu sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom kerZo saCivari dauSvebelia (gasulia gasaCivrebis vada, Semotanilia arauflebamosili piris mier, araa gadaxdili saxelmwifo baJi da a.S.), xolo momCivanma ar Seavso xarvezi daniSnul vadaSi, an kidev, dasaSvebi ki aris, magram aSkarad usafuZvlo da dausabuTebelia. 3. kerZo saCivris ganmxilveli sasamarTlos, anu zemdgomi sasamarTlos ganCineba am kerZo saCivarze sabolooa, ar gasaCivrdeba da dauyovnebliv Sedis kanonier ZalaSi. 740 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 420. kerZo saCivris ganxilvis wesi kerZo saCivrebis ganxilva zemdgom sasamarTloebSi warmoebs Sesabamisad am sasamarTloebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli wesebis dacviT. _ garda im gamonaklisebisa, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia ssk-is 414-419-e muxlebiT, kerZo saCivris ganxilva warmoebs kerZo saCivris ganmxilveli zemdgomi (saapelacio Tu sakasacio) sasamarTlosaTvis dadgenili wesiT. magaliTad, aq miTiTebuli muxlebi ar iTvaliswinebs kerZo saCivris xarvezis Sevsebis SesaZleblobas da wess, magram, Tu kerZo saCivars gaaCnia xarvezi, romlis Sevseba SesaZlebelia, an gadaxdili araa saxelmwifo baJi, saCivris ganmxilvelma zemdgomma sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ganCineba am xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb da daniSnos amisaTvis vada. aseT wess iTvaliswinebs ssk-is 368-e muxlis me-5 nawili da 396-e muxlis me-3 nawili (ix. am muxlebis komentari). _ marTalia, kerZo saCivris ganxilvisaTvis konkretul vadebs kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs da faqtiurad amave muxlis daTqmis Tanaxmad, ssk-is 399-e, 372-e muxlebis moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiTa da kanonis analogiis gamoyenebiT kerZo saCivris ganxilvisas unda vixelmZRvaneloT ssk-is 59-e muxliT, ra drosac maTze gavrceldeba sarCelis ganxilvis 2 Tviani vada. amasTan, unda aRiniSnos, rom wlebis ganmavlobaSi damkvidrebulma sworma sasamarTlo praqtikam calsaxad gviCvena, rom saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloebSi kerZo saCivris ganxilvis maqsimalurma vadam, Tavisi sirTulidan gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia Seadginos 1 Tve. es ki realurad Seuwyobs xels samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis vadebis dacvas (ZiriTadi sarCelis kanoniT dadgenil vadebSi ganxilvas) da 741 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali am niSniT gamoricxavs am vadebis darRvevas. sasamarTloebis mier zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswineba bevradaa damokidebuli kerZo saCivris droulad da rac SeiZleba swrafad ganxilvaze. kerZo saCivris gamartivebulad ganxilvis wesebi, rasac kodeqsis es Tavi Seicavs, swored am mizans emsaxureba. 742 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari kari meTerTmete saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba T a v i LII gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb da misi ganxilvis wesi muxli 421. saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis saxeebi 1. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT an ganCinebiT damTavrebuli saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba dasaSvebia mxolod maSin, rodesac arsebobs gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis (422-e muxli) an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb (423-e muxli) gancxadebis wanamZRvrebi. 2. Tu sasamarTloSi Semosulia gancxadebebi rogorc erTi da imave, aseve orive mxaris mier erTdroulad gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilva, vidre ar iqneba ganxiluli gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis or saxes: a) gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cnobas da b) axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas. _ ganaxleba dasaSvebia mxolod iseTi saqmeebisa, ro743 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali melTa warmoeba damTavrebulia sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT an ganCinebiT. aseT ganCinebebs ganekuTvneba ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 272-e muxli) da ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 275e muxli). am ganCinebebiT mTavrdeba saqmis warmoeba. igive unda iTqvas saapelacio da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebze da ganCinebebze, romlebiTac mTavrdeba saqmis warmoeba da ara maT iseT ganCinebebze, romlebiTac mTavrdeba saapelacio an sakasacio warmoeba (magaliTad, ganCineba saapelacio (sakasacio) warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb imis gamo, rom apelantma (kasatorma) uari Tqva Tavis saCivarze (ssk-is 378-e muxli). _ amrigad, baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gauqmebis obieqti SeiZleba iyos: a) pirveli instanciis sasamarTloebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebebi, agreTve, ganCinebebi saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetisa Tu sarCelis (gancxadebis) ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb; b) saapelacio da sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebi, ganCinebebi gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebebis ucvlelad datovebis Sesaxeb, agreTve, ganCinebebi saqmis warmoebis (da ara saapelacio, sakasacio warmoebis) Sewyvetis Tu sakasacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb. _ sasamarTlo instanciebis yvela sxva ganCineba ar SeiZleba iyos saqmis ganaxlebis mizniT baTilad cnobis Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gauqmebis obieqti, radgan maTi meSveobiT xdeba ara saqmis warmoebis damTavreba, aramed calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba, saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli calkeuli sakiTxebis gadawyveta.93 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili iTvaliswinebs mxareTa gan93 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #3,644-646. 744 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari cxadebis ganxilvis rigiTobas. Tu erTdroulad Semosulia gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlom jer unda ganixilos gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb. rac Seexeba gancxadebas axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba am gancxadebis ganxilvis SeCerebis Sesaxeb, vidre ar iqneba ganxiluli gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb. _ aRniSnul gancxadebaTa ganxilvis amgvar rigiTobas SeiZleba hqondes mxolod erTi gamarTleba: gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis safuZvlebi (ssk-is 422-e muxli), Tu maT sinamdvileSi hqondaT adgili, gacilebiT ufro advili dasadgenia, vidre axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa dadgena. _ Tu gadawyvetileba baTilad iqna cnobili da saqmis warmoeba ganaxlda, maSin axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilva aRaraa saWiro, sasurveli Sedegi ukve miRweulia, es gancxadeba ki ganuxilvelad unda iqnes datovebuli. _ Tu gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis safuZveli ar arsebobs, maSin sasamarTlom unda ganaaxlos axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb SeCerebuli gancxadebis ganxilva. muxli 422. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb 1. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetileba dainteresebuli piris gancxadebiT SeiZleba baTilad iqnes cnobili, Tu: a) gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi monawileobda mosamarTle, romelsac kanonis Tanaxmad ufleba ar hqonda, monawileoba mieRo am 745 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi; b) erT-erTi mxare an misi kanonieri warmomadgeneli (Tu mas aseTi warmomadgeneli sWirdeba) ar iyo mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaze; g) piri, romlis uflebebsa da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul interesebs uSualod exeba miRebuli dgadawyvetileba, ar iyo mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaze. 2. gancxadeba aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb dauSvebelia, Tu mxares SeeZlo am safuZvlebis wamoyeneba saqmis ganxilvisas, Sesabamisad pirveli instanciis, saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi. 1. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Seitanon mxareebma, mesame pirebma damoukidebeli moTxovniT, agreTve im pirma, romelic, marTalia ar figurirebda saqmeSi, rogorc mxare an mesame piri, magram kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebulia am pirze da gansazRvrulia misi ufleba-movaleobebi erT-erTi mxaris mimarT, ris Sesaxebac man gaigo am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, kerZod, misi aRsrulebis stadiaze.94 _ es muxli iTvaliswinebs gadawyvetilebis baTilobis sam safuZvels: a) mosamarTles ufleba ar hqonda monawileoba mieRo gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi. gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi monawileobis miRebis ufleba ar aqvs im mosamarTles: romelic monawileobda am saqmis ganxilvaSi (moiazreba sxvadasxva instanciis sasamarTloebi); romelsac ganucxades acileba da es acileba miiRo sasamarTlom; romelic droebiT gadayenebulia (Camocile94 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2004 wlis 19 Tebervlis ganCineba #as-662-1323-03 746 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari bulia) samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebisagan; romelic ar aris am kolegiuri sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi da is ar SeuyvaniaT am SemadgenlobaSi kanoniT dadgenili wesiT; b) erT-erTi mxare an misi kanonieri warmomadgeneli, ar iyo mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaze. mxaris mowveva saqmis ganxilvaze unda ganxorcieldes ssk-is 7078-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. saqmis ganxilva erTerTi mxaris (kanonieri warmomadgenlis) gareSe, romelsac ar gaegzavna Setyobineba miTiTebuli muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT, warmoadgens gadawyvetilebis saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT gauqmebis udavo safuZvels (ssk-is 394-e muxli), magram Tu aseTi gadawyvetileba Sevida kanonier ZalaSi da misi saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT gasaCivreba aRar SeiZleba, maSin daismis sakiTxi am gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb. _ am punqtis danawesi sworad unda iqnes gagebuli im TvalsazrisiT, rom mTavaria mxares gaegzavnos Setyobineba ssk-is 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT, magram misi gamoucxadebloba verc saqmis ganxilvas daabrkolebs da verc gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli gaxdeba.95 g) piri, romlis uflebebsa da kanonier interesebs uSualod exeba miRebuli gadawyvetileba ar iyo mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaze. praqtikaSi SesaZloa adgili hqondes iseT SemTxvevas, rodesac piri marTalia ar yofila saqmeSi Cabmuli arc mosarCeled, arc mopasuxed da arc mesame pirad damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT, magram sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT ganisazRvra misi uflebebi da movaleobebi erT-erTi mxaris mimarT (miekuTvna raime qoneba an ufleba, daekisra moqmedebis Sesrulebis movaleoba erT-erTi mxaris mimarT da a.S.), anu uSualod Seexo mis kanonier interesebs da am dros ar iyo igi saqmis ganxilvaze 95 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2002, #6, gv.889-895 747 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali mowveuli. ra Tqma unda, yovelive es gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis momentidan SesaZloa gaxdes misi baTilobis safuZveli. 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb gancxadebis dasaSvebobis (gansaxilvelad miRebis) pirobas. es piroba negatiuri Sinaarsisaa: mxares ar SeeZlo baTilobis safuZvlebis wamoyeneba procesis adre etapze, kerZod, pirveli, saapelacio an sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi, anu gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde. igulisxmeba obieqturi da ara subieqturi SeuZlebloba, magaliTad, baTilobis safuZvlebis arsebobis Sesaxeb mxarem gaigo mxolod gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg. ganmcxadebelma unda daamtkicos garemoebebi, romlebic daadastureben gadawyvetilebis baTilobis safuZvlebis am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde wamoyenebis SeuZleblobas. muxli 423. gancxadeba axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb 1. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis moTxovniT, Tu: a) aRmoCndeba, rom dokumenti, romelsac gadawyvetileba emyareba, yalbia; b) dadgenilia mowmis Segnebulad cru Cveneba, eqspertis Segnebulad yalbi daskvna, Segnebulad araswori Targmani, rasac mohyva ukanono an dausabuTebeli gadawyvetilebis miReba; g) dadgenilia am saqmeze mxareTa da maT warmomadgenelTa danaSaulebrivi qmedeba an mosamarTlis danaSaulebrivi qmedeba; d) sasamarTlo ganaCeni, gadawyvetileba, 748 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari ganCineba an sxva organos dadgenileba, romelic safuZvlad daedo am gadawyvetilebas, gauqmda; e) mxare warudgens sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebas, romelic gamotanilia imave sarCelis mimarT; v) mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda iseTi garemoebebi da mtkicebulebebi, romlebic, adre rom yofiliyo wardgenili sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros, gamoiwvevda misTvis xelsayreli gadawyvetilebis gamotanas. 2. axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba dasaSvebia am muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~-`g~ qvepunqtebSi aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze Tu arsebobs kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCeni. 3. am muxlis pirveli nawilis `e~-`v~ qvepunqtebSi aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT saqmis ganaxleba dasaSvebia, Tu mxares Tavisi bralis gareSe ar hqonda SesaZlebloba saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros warmoedgina kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli da imave sarCelze gamotanili gadawyvetileba, an mieTiTebina axal garemoebebsa da mtkicebulebebze. 1. am muxlis pirveli nawili Seicavs im garemoebaTa CamonaTvals, romlebic SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas da saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas. am garemoebaTa damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba ganmcxadebels. man unda warudginos gancxadebis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos mtkicebulebebi, romlebic miTiTebulia am muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebSi. _ im garemoebaTa CamonaTvali, romlebic SeiZleba 749 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali safuZvlad daedos gadawyvetilebis gauqmebasa da saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas, amomwuravia da maTi wris arc gafarToeba da arc Sekveca sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia. sasamarTlo praqtikaSi aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis, an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis safuZveli xdeba sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb. magaliTi: sakasacio sasamarTlom, aseTi praqtika, rodesac gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis, an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis safuZveli xdeba sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, dauSveblad miiCnia da Tavis erT-erT ganCinebaSi ganmarta: samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 422-e da 423-e muxlebis mixedviT, sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, ver daedeba safuZvlad gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobas an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas, radgan aseTi gadawyvetileba miRebulia udavo warmoebis wesiT, sadac ar arian urTierTdapirispirebuli mxareebi, xolo samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 106-e muxlis Tanaxmad, damtkicebas ar saWiroeben faqtebi, romlebic dadgenilia erT samoqalaqo saqmeze sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT, Tu sxva samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilvisas igive mxareebi monawileoben.96 2. am muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs im mtkicebulebaTa CamonaTvals, romelTa meSveobiT dasaSvebia im zogierT garemoebaTa damtkiceba, romlebic SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas. es mtkicebulebebia: kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sisxlis sa- 96 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2002, #5, gv.737-739 750 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari marTlis saqmeze gamotanili sasamarTlos ganaCeni, romliTac dasturdeba, rom dokumenti, mowmis Cveneba, eqspertis daskvna, Targmani, romlebic safuZvlad udevs gadawyvetilebas da maSasadame, romelTa gareSe aseTi gadawyvetileba ar iqneboda gamotanili, yalbi da arasworia, an kidev, dadgenilia saxeldobr, am saqmeze mxareTa, maT warmomadgenelTa, agreTve mosamarTlis danaSaulebrivi qmedeba. mxedvelobaSia misaRebi mxareTa da mosamarTlis iseTi kanonsawinaaRmdego da sisxlis samarTlis wesiT dasjadi qmedeba, romlis zegavleniTac moxda aseTi gadawyvetilebis gamotana. 3. sasamarTloebma mxedvelobidan ar unda gauSvan am muxlis me-3 nawilis danawesi imis Sesaxeb, rom am muxlis pirveli nawilis `e~-`v~ qvepunqtebSi miTiTebuli safuZvlebi kidec rom dadasturdes (magaliTad: mxarem warmoadgina anderZi mas Semdeg, roca gadawyvetileba samkvidro qonebis memkvidreebs Soris ganawilebis Sesaxeb ukve Sevida kanonier ZalaSi), am gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba da saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba SeiZleba mxolod ori aucilebeli pirobis arsebobisas: pirveli, faqti arsebobda gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, magram cnobili ar iyo manamde da meore, mxarem ar icoda am faqtis Taobaze, amasTan, Tavisi bralis gareSe ar hqonda SesaZlebloba saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros mieTiTebina axal garemoebebsa da mtkicebulebebze.97 muxli 424. gansjadoba 1. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes gadawyvetilebis (gan97 saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2004 wlis 2 martis #as-25-34104 ganCineba. 751 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali Cinebis) gamomtan sasamarTloSi. gancxadebas ganixilavs gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlo im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac arsebobs zemdgomi sasamarTlos ganCineba am gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Sesaxeb. saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarTlo mxolod im SemTxvevaSi ganixilavs gancxadebas gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, Tu igi mis mier gamotanil gadawyvetilebas exeba. 2. Tu gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb exeba erTsa da imave saqmeze ramdenime sasamarTlo instanciis gadawyvetilebas (ganCinebas), maSin igi Setanil unda iqnes maT Soris yvelaze zemdgom sasamarTlo instanciaSi. 1. gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romlis mier gamotanili gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cnobas an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gauqmebas moiTxoven. is garemoeba, rom am gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad (ZalaSi) datovebis Sesaxeb arsebobs saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarTlos ganCinebebi, ar cvlis gansjadobas. gancxadeba, miuxedavad amisa, unda ganixilos gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma da ara im sasamarTlom, romelmac ucvlelad (ZalaSi) datova igi.98 _ sxva sakiTxia, rodesac saapelacio (sakasacio) sasamarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da TviTon gamoaqvs axali gadawyvetileba. aseT SemTxvevaSi gancxadeba saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes saapelacio (sakasacio) sasamarTloSi. 98 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze, 2003, #3, 644-646. 752 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari 2. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom zemdgomma sasamarTlom nawilobriv gaauqma qvemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba da gauqmebuli nawilis mimarT TviTon miiRo axali gadawyvetileba. aseT SemTxvevaSi gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes zemdgom sasamarTloSi, romelic TviTon ganixilavs sakiTxs mTlianad gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis, Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo misi gauqmebis Sesaxeb. _ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom ganmcxadebelma moiTxovos ara mTlianad, aramed gadawyvetilebis mxolod nawilobriv gauqmeba, agreTve gadawyvetilebis im nawilis gauqmeba da warmoebis ganaxleba, romelic gamotanilia zemdgomi an qvemdgomi sasamarTlos mier. aseT SemTxvevaSi gancxadeba Setanil unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romlis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis nawilis gauqmebas da am nawilSi saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebasac moiTxoven. gancxadebis ganxilva warmoebs sskis 430-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari). muxli 425. gancxadebis Setanis wesi gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setana da misi ganxilva warmoebs saerTo wesebis dacviT, im gamonaklisebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic am TavSia dadgenili. _ am TaviT (ssk-is Tavi LII, muxlebi 421-432) gansazRvruli gamonaklisebis garda, saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilva warmoebs am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesebis dacviT. 753 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 426. gancxadebis Setanis vada 1. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi da am vadis gagrZeleba ar daiSveba. 2. vadis dena iwyeba im dRidan, rodesac mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis safuZvlebis arseboba. 3. Tu gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb gancxadeba emyareba 422-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `b~ qvepunqts, gancxadebis Setanis vada iwyeba im dRes, roca mxares an, Tu igi qmeduunaroa, mis kanonier warmomadgenels ecnoba gadawyvetileba. 4. gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setana dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 5 wlis gasvlis Semdeg. 1. saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis erTTviani vadis gagrZeleba (aRdgena) ar SeiZleba. 2. gacilebiT ufro didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs imis garkvevas, Tu saidan iwyeba am erTTviani vadis dena. Tu mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda saqmis ganaxlebis safuZvlebi (ssk-is 422-423-e muxlebi) jer kidev gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde, xolo kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg es erTTviani vada ukve gasulia, maSin am muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad sasamarTlo ar miiRebs gancxadebas. _ cxadia, rom kanonmdebels mxedvelobaSi aqvs vadis denis dawyebis sxva etapi: imisgan damoukideblad, 754 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari Tu rodis Seityo mxarem gadawyvetilebis baTilobis, Tu misi axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gauqmebis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb, gancxadebis Setanis erTTviani vadis dena iwyeba gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, radgan kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde sasamarTlosaTvis gancxadebiT mimarTva saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, alogikuri da dauSvebelia. _ sxva sakiTxia, rom saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb mxarem Seityo jer kidev gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde da Tanac iseT dros, rodesac jer kidev hqonda SesaZlebloba Sesabamisi saCivriT miemarTa pirveli instanciis, saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlosaTvis, ris gamoc sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras mas gancxadebis miRebaze da ganxilvaze, rogorc amas iTvaliswinebs ssk-is 422-e muxlis me-2 nawili da 423-e muxlis me-3 nawili (ix. am muxlebis komentari). magram es xels ar uSlis sakiTxis principul gadawyvetas: gancxadebis Setanis erTTviani vadis aTvla SeiZleba daiwyos mxolod gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg. _ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis instituti arsebobs mxolod da mxolod iseTi SemTxvevebisaTvis, rodesac gadawyvetilebis saapelacio an sakasacio wesiT gasaCivreba aRar SeiZleba. 3. mxare (kanonieri warmomadgeneli), romelic saerTod ar iyo mowveuli sasamarTlo sxdomaze, amis Sesaxeb Seityobs mxolod mas Semdeg, rac mas ecnoba gadawyvetileba, e. i. rodesac mas Cabarda gadawyvetileba uSualod sasamarTloSi, an gaegzavna kanoniT dadgenili wesiT. swored amitom iwyeba vadis aTvla am dRidan. sxva mxriv am SemTxvevazec vrceldeba yvelaferi is, rac iTqva am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentarTan dakavSirebiT, kerZod, vadis aTvla daiwyeba mxolod gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, miuxedavad imisa, Tu rodis Cabarda es gadawyvetileba maT. 4. xuTi weli gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi Sesvlis dRi755 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali dan aris is maqsimaluri vada, romlis Semdeg gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvlebis arsebobis miuxedavad, aRar SeiZleba saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi Setanil iqna sarCeli ssk-is 426-e muxlis meoTxe nawilis gauqmebis Sesaxeb, imis gamo, rom igi ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis pirvel punqts. saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos pirvelma kolegiam Tavisi 2003 wlis 30 aprilis gadawyvetilebiT ar daakmayofila sarCeli da CaTvala, rom ssk-is 426-e muxlis meoTxe nawili, romlis Tanaxmad “gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setana dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 5 wlis gasvlis Semdeg”, ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis pirvel punqts. sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebulia, rom sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xangrZlivad gadasinjvis daSveba safrTxes Seuqmnida im mesame pirTa interesebs, romlebmac ufleba SeiZines imaTgan, romelTac sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze ekuTvnoda igi. saqmis ganaxleba axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo warmoadgens gamonaklis SemTxvevas. am gamonaklisis daSvebiT safrTxe ar unda Seeqmnas im zogad wess, rom kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetileba aris saboloo, rom igi sabolood da Seuqcevadad adgens mxareTa Soris urTierTobebs. vinaidan uflebis Sesaxeb dava yovelTvis qmnis am uflebis ganusazRvrelobas, sasamarTlo valdebulia wertili dausvas aseT mdgomareobas da gadawyvitos igi. is, rac iwvevda konfliqts mxareebs Soris, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis Semdeg iTvleba dadgenilad da udavod. dauSvebelia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis mudmivad eWvqveS dayeneba, wi756 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari naaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi safuZveli gamoecleboda sasamarTlosadmi sandoobis varauds. aravin ar aris dazRveuli imisagan, rom axlad aRmoCenili garemoeba, romelic eWvqveS daayenebs kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebas, kvlav ar gaxdeba saeWvo.99 muxli 427. gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Sinaarsi 1. gancxadeba unda Seicavdes: a) gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis zust dasaxelebas; b) miTiTebas im safuZvlebze, romelTa gamoc unda moxdes gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnoba an saqmis ganaxleba; g) miTiTebas im garemoebebze, romlebic mowmoben, rom daculia gancxadebis Setanis vada, da am garemoebebis damadasturebel mtkicebulebebze; d) miTiTebas gansjadobis wesebis dacvis Taobaze; e) miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra zomiT da ra farglebSi moiTxovs ganmcxadebeli gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebasa da sxva gadawyvetilebiT mis Secvlas. 2. Tu gancxadeba ar daakmayofilebs am moTxovnebs, sasamarTlo avalebs ganmcxadebels Seavsos xarvezi, risTvisac uniSnavs vadas. Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar Seivseba, gancxadeba aRar daiSveba. 99 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos pirveli kolegiis 2003 wlis 30 aprilis gadawyvetileba #1/3/161 757 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali 1. garda yvela im monacemisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTuli yvela sxva gancxadeba, saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba unda Seicavdes: a) kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis aramarto zust dasaxelebas, aramed agreTve Tan unda daerTos am gadawyvetilebis asli; b) imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria ganmcxadeblis moTxovna, im safuZvelze miTiTebas, romelsac ssk-is 422423-e muxlebis Tanaxmad ukavSirdeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba (ix. am muxlebis komentari); g) ssk-is 426-e muxli gansazRvravs saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setanis vadas da misi aTvlis wess. vadis aTvla iwyeba im dRidan, rodesac mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda saqmis ganaxlebis safuZvlis arseboba. gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos imis Sesaxeb, Tu rodidan gaxda cnobili ganmcxadeblisaTvis am safuZvlis Sesaxeb da ra mtkicebulebebiT SeuZlia mxares am garemoebis dadastureba. magaliTad, ganmcxadebeli, romelic moiTxovs gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobas, warudgens sasamarTlos safosto gzavnils, romliTac dasturdeba gadawyvetilebis Cabarebis dRe (ssk-is 426-e muxlis me-3 nawili). mxare, romelic moiTxovs axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebas, warudgens sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas an ganCinebas im dokumentis siyalbis Sesaxeb, romelsac emyareba gadawyvetileba da a.S.; d) saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba im sasamarTlos gansjadia, romlis mierac gamotanilia gadawyvetileba da romlis baTilad cnobas an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gauqmebasac moiTxoven (ssk-is 424-e muxli). aqedan gamomdinare, am kategoriis saqmeTa gansjadoba TviTon unda Seamowmos im sasamarTlom, romelsac mxarem mimarTa gancxadebiT; e) miuxedavad saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis safuZvlebis arsebobisa, mxares ufleba aqvs moiTxovos gadawyvetilebis ara mTlianad, aramed nawilobriv gauqmeba. ami758 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari tom, gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT da ra nawilSi gauqmebas moiTxovs igi. 2. Tu gancxadeba ar pasuxobs am moTxovnebs, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs `ganCineba gancxadebis xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb~. am ganCinebiT sasamarTlo uniSnavs ganmcxadebels vadas xarvezis SevsebisaTvis da afrTxilebs, rom Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, gancxadeba ganuxilveli darCeba dauSveblobis gamo (ssk-is 429-e muxli).100 muxli 428. mosamarTlis Camocileba gancxadebis ganxilvisagan gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilvaSi dauSvebelia im mosamarTlis monawileoba, romelsac kanonis mixedviT ar unda mieRo monawileoba gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi (422e muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~ qvepunqti), an romlis danaSaulebrivi qmedebis gamo aRiZvris saqme ganaxlebis Sesaxeb (423-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `g~ qvepunqti). _ savsebiT mizanSewonili da dasaSvebia, rom gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb imave mosamarTlem an imave sasamarTlos kolegiurma Semadgenlobam ganixilos. aseve savsebiT mizanSewonil, gasageb da sruliad gamarTlebul gamonakliss iTvaliswinebs es muxli, romlis danawesi ganuxrelad unda Sesruldes. 100 susg samoqalaqo saqmeebze,2002, #12, gv.2435-2440. 759 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 429. gancxadebis dasaSvebobis Semowmeba sasamarTlom Tavisi iniciativiT unda Seamowmos, dasaSvebia Tu ara gancxadeba saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb. Tu ar arsebobs gancxadebis daSvebis esa Tu is piroba, sasamarTlom Tavisi ganCinebiT gancxadeba ganuxilvelad unda datovos, rac SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT. es muxli avalebs sasamarTlos Seamowmos saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis dasaSveboba. amisaTvis sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos aseTi gancxadebis yvela winapiroba, kerZod: a) Semotanilia Tu ara gancxadeba uflebamosili piris mier (mxareebi, Tanamonawileebi, mesame pirebi damoukidebeli moTxovniT, uflebamonacvleebi, pirebi, romlebic, marTalia, ar figurireben saqmeSi rogorc mxareebi, magram romelTa ufleba-movaleobebi ganisazRvra am gadawyvetilebiT); b) daculia Tu ara aseTi gancxadebis Setanis erTTviani vada (ix. ssk-is 426-e muxlis komentari); g) xom ar aris gasuli 5 weli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan (ssk-is 426-e muxlis me-4 nawili); d) pasuxobs Tu ara gancxadeba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs da Seavso Tu ara ganmcxadebelma xarvezi sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi (ssk-is 427e muxli); e) Semotanilia Tu ara gancxadeba sasamarTloSi gansjadobis wesebis dacviT (ssk-is 424-e muxli); v) SeeZlo Tu ara ganmcxadebels gadawyvetilebis baTilobis pirobebis wamoyeneba pirveli instanciis, saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas (ssk-is 422-e muxli); 760 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari z) ganmcxadebels Tavisi bralis gareSe hqonda Tu ara SesaZlebloba saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros warmoedgina kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli da imave sarCelze gamotanili gadawyvetileba, an mieTiTebina axal garemoebebsa da mtkicebulebebze (sskis 423-e muxli); T) gadaxdilia Tu ara saxelmwifo baJi, rasac iTvaliswinebs 38-e muxlis „k“ qvepunqti da 39-e muxlis „v“ da „z“ qvepunqtebi. _ Tu aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom ar arsebobs saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis dasaSvebobis esa Tu is piroba da ganmcxadebelma sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi ar gamoaswora xarvezi, romlis gamosworebac SesaZlebeli iyo, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas `saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Taobaze.~ am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, garda sakasacio sasamarTlos mier miRebuli ganCinebisa. _ Tu aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom gancxadeba dasaSvebia, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs `ganCineba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis miRebisa da am saqmis zepiri ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb~, romelic ar saCivrdeba. muxli 430. gancxadebis ganxilva 1. Tu gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb dasaSvebia, maSin sasamarTlom unda gansazRvros dro saqmis zepiri ganxilvisaTvis. 2. Tu saqmis zepiri ganxilvis Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom gancxadeba usafuZvloa, sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT uars ityvis gancxadebis dakmayofilebaze, rac SeiZleba gasaCivrdes zemdgom sasamarTloSi. 3. Tu gamoirkveva, rom saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis moTxovna safuZvliania, maSin 761 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebas sasamarTlo gaauqmebs Tavisi ganCinebiT. 1. saqmis zepir ganxilvas, anu sasamarTlo sxdomis dRes sasamarTlo niSnavs Tavisi ganCinebiT `saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis miRebisa da am saqmis zepiri ganxilvis dRis daniSvnis Sesaxeb~. uwyeba sasamarTlo sxdomisa da saqmis zepiri ganxilvis Sesaxeb mxareebs egzavnebaT ssk-is 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. 2. sasamarTlos sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis dros sasamarTlo ikvlevs saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis safuZvlianobas, e. i. imas, arsebobs Tu ara ssk-is 422-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebuli gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis safuZveli, Tu gancxadeba am safuZvlebs emyareba (ix. am muxlis komentari), an ssk-is 423-e muxlSi miTiTebuli safuZveli, Tu gancxadeba am safuZvlebs emyareba (ix. am muxlis komentari). _ Tu ganmcxadebeli ver daadasturebs saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb mis gancxadebaSi miTiTebul safuZvels (garemoebas), maSin sasamarTlo gamoitans `ganCinebas saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb~. es ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes zemdgom sasamarTloSi, e. i. saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT. 3. Tu ganmcxadebeli daamtkicebs gancxadebaSi miTiTebul saqmis ganaxlebis safuZvels, maSin sasamarTlo gamoitans `ganCinebas gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb~ (sskis 422-e muxli), Tu ganmcxadebeli gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobas da am safuZvelze saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas moiTxovda, an gamoitans `ganCinebas gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb~ (ssk-is 423e muxli), Tu ganmcxadebeli am safuZvliT moiTxovda warmoebis ganaxlebas. 762 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari am ganCinebiT, romlis gasaCivrebac ar SeiZleba, sasamarTlo niSnavs saqmis ganxilvis dRes (sasamarTlo sxdomas), ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mxareebs kanoniT dadgenili wesiT. muxli 431. saqmis ganxilva gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Semdeg saqme, romelzedac es gadawyvetileba iyo gamotanili, Tavidan unda iqnes ganxiluli saqmeTa ganxilvis Sesaxeb am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT. _ imisgan damoukideblad, Tu ra udevs safuZvlad saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas _ gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnoba, Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo am gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, saqme, romelzec baTilad cnobili Tu gauqmebuli gadawyvetileba iyo gamotanili, ganxilul unda iqnes Tavidan, e. i. ise, TiTqos igi adre arc yofila ganxiluli, saqmis ganxilvis am kodeqsiT dadgenili yvela wesis dacviT. muxli 432. gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas. sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi ganCinebiT droebiT SeaCeros gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba. gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT sisruleSi moyvana imaze iqneba damokidebuli, iZleva Tu ara saqmis warmoebis momTxovni piri Sesabamis garantiebs. _ verc saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setana, verc am gancxadebis gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCineba da verc saqmis ganxilvis da763 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali niSvna ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT aRsrulebas. _ gadawyvetilebis iZulebiT aRsrulebis SeCereba SesaZlebelia mxolod amis Sesaxeb ganmcxadeblis Suamdgomlobis sasamarTlos mier dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi, ris Sesaxebac mas gamoaqvs ganCineba im gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb, romlis baTilobas an gauqmebasac Seexeba gancxadeba. _ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis SeCerebiT SeiZleba garkveuli ziani miadges mowinaaRmdege mxares. amitom, aseTi SeCerebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom Tavisi iniciativiT unda mosTxovos ganmcxadebels mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelsayofad Sesabamisi garantiebi (ix. ssk-is 57-e muxlis komentari). 764 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis gardamavali da daskvniTi debulebani muxli 433. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis amoqmedeba saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi amoqmeddes 1999 wlis 15 maisidan, rodesac `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis Tanaxmad damTavrdeba saerTo sasamarTloebis sistemis Camoyalibeba da dainiSnebian am sistemis mosamarTleebi. muxli 434. Zaladakarguli normatiuli aqtebis nusxa 1999 wlis 15 maisidan Zaladakargulad CaiTvalos: `saqarTvelos ssr samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos ssr 1964 wlis 26 dekembris kanoni (saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos uwyebebi, 1964 w., #36, mux. 663), agreTve am kanoniT damtkicebuli `saqarTvelos ssr samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis kodeqsi~. muxli 435. samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobis moqmedeba droSi samoqalaqo saqmeebis warmoeba sasamarTloSi xorcieldeba samoqalaqo saproceso kanonebiT, romlebic moqmedebs saqmis ganxilvis, calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis an sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebis dros. 765 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobis amoqmedebas droSi awesrigebs agreTve am kodeqsis pirveli muxlis me-2 nawili (ix. am muxlis komentari). muxli 436. 1999 wlis 15 maisamde sasamarTloebSi miRebuli, jer kidev daumTavrebeli saqmeebis ganxilva 1. samoqalaqo saqmeebi, romlebic miRebulia sasamarTloebSi 1999 wlis 15 maisamde, magram romelTa ganxilvac ar aris damTavrebuli am droisaTvis, unda ganixilon samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesebis Sesabamisad im sasamarTloebma, romelTa warmoebaSic iyo es saqmeebi. 2. saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebebze 1999 wlis 15 maisamde wardgenil sazedamxedvelo saCivrebs, romlebzedac sazedamxedvelo warmoeba damTavrebuli ar aris, ganixilavs saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palata. 3. saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebebze 1999 wlis 15 maisamde Setanil sazedamxedvelo protestebs, aseve saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sazedamxedvelo palatis Suamdgomlobebs ganixilavs saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palata. 4. samoqalaqo saqmeebze pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier 1999 wlis 15 maisamde gamotanili gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic ar Sesula kanonier ZalaSi, SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT. 5. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier 766 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari pirveli instanciis wesiT ganxilul samoqalaqo saqmeebze 1999 wlis 15 maisis Semdeg gamotanili gadawyvetilebebi kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio sasamarTloSi. 6. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palata am muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebSi miTiTebul saqmeebs ganixilavs 408-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT, kolegiurad _ sami mosamarTlis monawileobiT. im saqmeebze Setanili saCivrebi, romlebic gansakuTrebiT rTulia, aseve ganxilulia uzenaesi sasamarTlos sazedamxedvelo palatis, samoqalaqo saqmeTa kolegiisa da prezidiumis mier, ganixileba palatis im wevrTa sruli SemadgenlobiT, romlebsac monawileoba ar miuRiaT saqmis ganxilvaSi. es wesi ar vrceldeba uzenaesi sasamarTlos sazedamxedvelo palataSi saqmeebis ganxilvaSi monawileTa mimarT. 7. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatas zedamxedvelobis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvisas SeuZlia saqme ar gadasces xelaxla gansaxilvelad da miiRos gadawyvetileba 411-e muxlis Sesabamisad. saproceso samarTlis normebis darRveva mxolod maSin SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli, Tu am darRvevis Sedegad saqmeze araswori gadawyvetileba iqna gamotanili. muxli 437. amoRebulia 767 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali muxli 438. amoRebulia muxli 439. afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis sasamarTloTa gansjadoba afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikaSi saqarTvelos iurisdiqciis srulad aRdgenamde iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa darRveuli da sadavo uflebebis, agreTve kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli interesebis dacvas axorcieleben afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis sasamarTloebi maTi samoqmedo teritoriebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis I I I Tavis moTxovnaTa dacviT, Tu mopasuxec iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piria. muxli 440. warmomadgenlis saqmianobis SezRudva samoqalaqo procesSi pirebs, romlebsac ar gauvliaT advokatTa testireba da ar arian gawevrianebuli saqarTvelos advokatTa asociaciaSi, ekrZalebaT warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis ganxorcieleba saapelacio da sakasacio instanciebis sasamarTloebSi, garda saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organos, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos, organizaciebis TanamSromlebisa - am organoebisa da organizaciebis saqmeebze. 768 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis komentari muxli 441. „ sacxovrebeli sadgomiT sargeblobisas warmoSobili urTierTobebis Sesaxeb„ saqarTvelos kanonSi Sesabamisi cvlilebebis ganxorcielebamde sasamarTloebma SeaCeron mesakuTresa da mosargebles Soris sacxovrebel sadgomTan dakavSirebuli davebis ganxilva, agreTve SeCerdes saaRsrulebo moqmedebebi da sacxovrebel sadgomze mesakuTresa da mosargebles SeunarCundeT Sesabamisi ufleba-movaleobani. muxli 442. saapelacio sasamarTlos uflebamosilebis ganxorcieleba, warmoebaSi miRebuli saqmeebis gadacema da sakasacio saCivrebis ganxilva 1. am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul saapelacio sasamarTlos uflebamosilebas 2005 wlis 1 noembramde axorcieleben saolqo da avtonomiuri respublikebis umaRlesi sasamarTloebi. 2. saolqo sasamarTlosa da avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sasamarTlos mier 2005 wlis 15 ivlisamde warmoebaSi miRebuli saqmeebi, romelTa ganxilva raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos uflebamosilebas ganekuTvneba, gadaecema raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos. 3. 2005 wlis 1 noembramde daregistrirebuli sakasacio saCivris ganxilvaze ar 769 Tengiz liluaSvili, valeri xrustali vr vrceldeba am kodeqsis 391-e muxlis me-2 da me-5 nawilebis moqmedeba. muxli 443. saapelacio saCivris ganxilva erTpirovnulad 1. 2008 wlis 1 ianvramde Setanili saapelacio saCivari am kodeqsis me-14 muxliT gansazRvrul saqmeebze, qonebrivsamarTlebriv davaze, romlis Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 10000 lars, aseve Sromis samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSobili davebi SeiZleba erTpirovnulad ganixilos saapelacio sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatis mosamarTlem. 2. am muxlis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul saqmeebze dawyebul saapelacio warmoebas erTpirovnulad agrZelebs saapelacio (saolqo) sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa palatis is mosamarTle, romelic gamwesebul iqna saapelacio sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa palataSi. komentarSi gamoyenebuli Semoklebani ss - saaqcio sazogadoeba ssk - saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi sus - saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo susg - saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebani Sps - SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba 770 koreqtori i. navrozaSvili pirobiTi nabeWdi Tabaxi 50 sabeWdi qaRaldi, ofseti # 1 58X90, 1/16 beWdva ofseturi fasi saxelSekrulebo gamomcemloba `samarTali~, Tbilisi, vaJa-fSavelas gamz. 45 stamba Sps gazeTi `saqarTvelos macne~ gr. robaqiZis q. #7a

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