Darejan Tvaltvadze, ეფრემ მცირის კოლოფონები ( Ephrem Mtsire`s Colophons)

Darejan Tvaltvadze

The translations made by a well-known scholar of the eleventh century, Ephrem Mtsire (Ephrem The Minor), belong to a special period in Georgian translatory history. He lived in the period when Georgians were particularly interested in Byzantine cultural heritage and Hellenistic ideology. Ephrem Mtsire was a new type of translator. He tried to capture the depth and accuracy of the originals into his translations. This was achieved by means of the exact translation of the original Greek text as well as his commentaries as translator attached to it. Ephrem is a follower of the traditions of the Athonite School of translation but takes them to an even higher level. As seen from his colophons, forewords and wills as well as from numerous commentaries, Ephrem reveals a considerable philological interest and stands out not only as a translator but also as a scholar-philologist who is well aware of the philological methodology of a critical analysis of a text. His interests embrace a number of philological issues (grammar, lexicology, the history of literature and literary theory). At the same time Ephrem acts as a historian describing a number of issues important for Georgian culture. The study of Ephrem Mtsire’s colophons makes it possible to highlight one important feature of his translations. Unlike the short colophons of preceding translators he attaches to his translations forewords, after-words and explanations containing a large amount of information which distinctly reveals his original and diverse philological interests. Ephrem is not only a translator but also a commentator of Byzantine literary works. He attached his commentaries only to his own translations in order to facilitate the perception and understanding of a Greek text, and explain difficulties arising during the process of translation. All of the remarks attached to the translations are classed as commentaries by the translator himself. These are of several types: a) fore-words, b) after-words c) commentaries written on the margins of manuscripts and d) explanations inserted in the text of the original work.

darejan TvalTvaZe efrem mciris kolofonebi 2009 wignSi ganxilulia XI saukunis cnobili qarTveli mwignobris, efrem mciris, originaluri naazrevi _ mis mier naTargmn Txzulebze darTuli anderZebi da winasityvaobebi. aqve qveyndeba `mTargmnelis mozraxuli~ Cvenamde moRweuli yvela kolofoni. efrem mciris moRvaweoba gansakuTrebuli etapia qarTuli mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis istoriaSi. qarTul mwerlobaSi is iseTi mniSvnelovani mimdinareobis saTavesTan dgas, rogoric elinofilizmia, xolo qarTuli humanitaruli azris istoriaSi is pirvel mecnierad, filologad, filosofosad, literaturisa da Targmanis Teoretikosad aris miCneuli. naSromi gankuTvnilia filologebisa da qarTuli kulturis istoriiT dainteresebuli mkiTxvelisTvis. redaqtori: elguja xinTibiZe saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis wevr-korespondenti, filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori recenzentebi: mixeil qavTaria filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori Tamar oTxmezuri filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori ydis dizaini da dakabadoneba: giorgi bagrationi garekanze gamosaxulia banis taZris kapiteli. © d. TvalTvaZe, 2009 gamomcemloba `nekeri~, 2009 ISBN 978-9941-404-83-2 efrem mcire, XI saukunis II naxevris qarTveli mwignobari, `SesaniSnavi mecnieri, filologi, filosofosi da amave dros mTargmneli~ (kekeliZe, 1980, 250) qarTuli kulturis istoriaSi mravalmxriv gamorGeuli moRvawea. misi moRvaweoba daemTxva im xanas, roca saqarTveloSi igrZnoba gansakuTrebuli daintereseba bizantiuri kulturuli memkvidreobiT da TandaTan fexs ikidebs elinofiluri ideologia. efremi, rogorc mTargmneli, romelmac bizantiuri sasuliero mwerlobis asze meti Zegli Targmna, qarTul naTargmn mwerlobaSi iseTi mniSvnelovani mimdinareobis saTavesTan dgas, rogoric elinofilizmia, xolo qarTuli humanitaruli azris istoriaSi mis saxels ukavSirdeba filosofiuri mwerlobisa da mecnieruli filologiuri moRvaweobis dawyeba, axali mTargmnelobiTi meTodis SemuSaveba, puntuaqciis axali sistemis SemoReba, qarTul enaze pirveli leqsikonis Sedgena, originaluri istoriuli Sromis avtoroba, qarTuli enisa da qarTuli literaturis istoriis mecnieruli kvlevis dasawyisi. k. kekeliZis sityvebiT, efrem mcirem `qarTul mwerlobaSi Seqmna mTeli epoqa, romelmac didebulad daagvirgvina eqvTimesa da giorgi mTawmidelebis samwerlo Rvawli~(iqve). am `mravali Rvawlis aRmsrulebeli~ (bagrat muxranbatoni, lolaSvili, 1982, 102) `swavlulisa da mwignobris~, `wignTa Targmanisa da saRmrTo filosofosis~ (anton bagrationi, 1980, 270) Sesaxeb biografiuli cnobebi Zalze mwiria. utyuarad mxolod is viciT, rom is moRvaweobda XI saukunis II naxevarSi antioqiis maxloblad, Savi mTis savaneSi. qarTul wyaroebSi daculi Zunwi cnobebis safuZvelze (Jordania, 1882, 33; cagareli, 1889; bleiki, 1924, 225) k. kekeliZe varaudobda, rom efremi, romlis gvari kariWisZea (Jer.16,279r; bleiki, 1926, 166; mari, 1955, 63; abulaZe, 1950, 031), unda yofiliyo samcxel didebulTa STamomavali, Svili im vaGe kariWisZisa, romelic banel episkopos ioanesTan da sxva taoel aznaurebTan erTad 1027 wels gadasaxlebula saberZneTSi (kekeliZe, 1980, 253). efrems, romelic bavSvobidanve moxvedrila bizantiaSi, ganaTleba miuRia konstantinopolSi, -3- aRkvecila berad da daaxloebiT XI saukunis 60-iani wlebis damdegs misula Sav mTaze, sadac cxovrobda da moRvaweobda sxvadasxva savaneSi (svimonwmida, kastana da sxv.). ZiriTadi wyaro efremis moRvaweobis gasaTvaliswineblad isev misive kolofonebia, saidanac irkveva, rom Sav mTaze Gasul axalgazrda bers `Zalmwed da wiaRmyvaneblad~ (Jer.43,1r) gamosGenian am savaneSi moRvawe saxelovani qarTveli mamani _ saba sulaYsZe Tuxareli da efrem didi oSkeli, romelTac aswavles mas wesi `berZnulisaca wignTa kiTxvisaY~, gaacnes Savi mTis skolis literaturuli tradiciebi, mTargmnelobiTi principebi da gza dauloces mTargmnelobiT sarbielze. efremis anderZebis mixedviT misi moZRvari yofila ioane faraknelic, romelmac punqtuaciis SemoReba urGia mas (A24, 4r; damaskeli, 1976, 69). efrem mcire erTgan Tavs antoni tbelis `umarGeves mowafed~ asaxelebs. anderZebSi araerTxelaa naxsenebi beri ioane-kKrikesi, romelic erTgvarad warmarTavda efremis mTargmnelobiT saqmianobas da romlis davalebiT mas ara erTi Txzuleba uTargmnia Tu dauweria. efremis `moRvaweni da ganmaZlierebelni~, `mzrdelni da msaxurni~ yofilan mRvdeli gabrieli, arseni, stefane diakvani, gabrielstefane Wuleveli da sxv. misi anderZebidan irkveva, rom efrems mWidro kavSiri hqonia ucxoel mwignobrebTanac, adanis mitropolit samuelTan, arab hagiograf miqael berTan, antioqiis patriarqTan, romlis nebarTviT is xSirad sargeblobda svimeonwmidis umdidresi wignsacaviT. efremis anderZebi aaSkaraveben misi cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis erT mxaresac. rogorc Gans, am niWier da TavmdablobiT gamorGeul bers, romelsac swored simdablis niSnad Tikunad `mcire~ aurGevia, mravali `mabralobeli da winaaRmdgomi~ gasGenia, romlebic `kadnierebisa da Tavisa umjobesad gamoGinebis~ (Jer.43,2r; bregaZe, 1988, 148) braldebas uyenebdnen eqvTime da giorgi aTonelebis Targmanebis Sesworebisa da xelaxla Targmnis gamo. efremi, romelsac did aTonel mamebTan uSualo SemoqmedebiTi urTierToba ar hqonia, magram maT mowafed da saqmis gamgrZeleblad miiGnevda Tavs, iZulebuli yofila, Tavi emarTlebina `mravalkerZo Semokrebil mabralebelTa winaSe~ (kekeliZe, 1945, 266). aRsaniSnavia misi biografiis kidev erTi detali: 1091 -4- wlis maxloblad efremi kastanis monastris winamZRvari Gans, razec migviTiTebs iq gadawerili erTi xelnaweris (Q37) anderZi (QI,44; Jordania, 1892, 215; TayaiSvili, 1914, 82; m. SaniZe, 1971, 72 menabde, 1980, gv. 159). Savi mTa efrems sikvdilamde ar dautovebia. k. kekeliZis azriT, `efremi unda gardacvliliyo meTerTmete saukunis ukanasknel wlebSi. yovel SemTxvevaSi ruis-urbnisis krebis (1103 w.) aqtebi mas micvalebulTa ricxvSi ixseneben~, _ aRniSnavs mkvlevari (kekeliZe, 1980, 253). ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis Gatarebis TariRad, romlis `Zeglisweris~ bolos darTul sinodikonSi sxva gardacvlil mamaTa Soris moxsenebulia efrem mcirec1, ukanasknel xans mkvlevrebi 1104 (metreveli, 1990) an 1105 wels (gabiZaSvili, 1978) asaxeleben. Sesabamisad, efremis gardacvalebac 1104 an 1105 wlis uwinares unda vivaraudoT. miuxedavad imisa, rom efrem mcire qarTuli literaturis istoriaSi kargad cnobili moRvawea (amas mowmobs Tundac zemoT dasaxelebuli saeklesio krebis Zeglisweris sinodikonSi misi moxsenieba eqvTime da giorgi mTawmindelebTan erTad), mis Sesaxeb Semdegi drois mwignobarTa nawerebSi mwiri da zog SemTxvevaSi araswori cnobebi gvaqvs. efrems asaxeleben sxva qarTvel mTargmnelTa Soris bagrat muxran-batoni (lolaSvili, 1982, 102-103), romlis metad arazusti cnobebi gausworebia misi Txzulebis anonim interpolators (iqve, 103-104; Q300, 418-420; H 2235, 386), zaqaria gabaSvili (lolaSvili, 1982, 16-17), anton kaTalikosi, romlis `wyobilsityvaobaSi~ mocemul cnobebs (anton bagrationi, 1980, 339-340) TiTqmis ucvlelad imeorebs `kalmasobis~ avtori ioane batoniSvili (ioane batoniSvili, 1948, 162). efrem mciris cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis calkeul sakiTxebs exebian iakob Semoqmedeli (lolaSvili, 1982, 106) da daviT dadiani, romelsac nemesios emeselis `bunebisaTKs kacisa~ da ioane sinelis `klemaqsis~ petriwiseuli Targmanis xelnaweris aSiebze (S344,S399) miuweria Tavisi azri efremis Taobaze (lolaSvili, 1982, 155-156). efrem mciris moRvaweobas exebodnen Zveli qarTuli 1 `dausrulebelisa netarebisa mkKdrTa berTa GuenTa saba sulaYs Zisa da anton tbelisa da efrem mcirisaY saukunomca ars PsenebaY~. gv. 196. -5- literaturis istoriis pirveli mkvlevrebi: Teimuraz bagrationi (Teimuraz batoniSvili, 1948), s. dodaSvili (dodaSvili, 1832), p. ioseliani (anton bagrationi, 1853; ioseliani, 1850), m. brose (brose, 1838); z. WiWinaZe (WiWinaZe, 1887), al. xaxanaSvili (xaxanaSvili, 1889), romelTa cnobebi da ZiriTadad aRorZinebis xanis mwignobarTa naazrevs da zepir gadmocemebs emyareba da zogjer arasworia. efrem mciris, iseve rogorc saerTod Zveli qarTuli literaturis sxva warmomadgenlebis, Semoqmedebis mecnieruli Seswavla mxolod mas Semdeg daiwyo, rac XIX saukunis II naxevridan e. TayaiSvilis, a. cagarlis, T. Jordanias, m. janaSvilis, n. maris, iv. javaxiSvilis, r, bleikis, J. garitis da sxvaTa mier aRiwera saqarTveloSi da mis sazRvrebs gareT daculi qarTuli xelnawerebi da SesaZlebeli gaxda qarTvel mweralTa da mTargmnelTa mier gaweuli muSaobis met-naklebi sisruliT warmodgena. pirveli srulyofili daxasiaTeba efrem mciris mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobisa korneli kekeliZes ekuTvnis, romelmac Tavis fundamentur naSromSi `Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria~ (I gamocema1923 w.) vrclad gaaanaliza efremis mTargmnelobiTi meTodis Taviseburebani, mogvca misi Targmanebis zogadi mimoxilvac. efrem mciris mTargmnelobiT principebs exeboda k. kekeliZe naSromSic `mTargmnelobiTi meTodi Zvel qarTul literaturaSi da misi xasiaTi~ (kekeliZe, et. I, 183-198). efremis moRvaweobis araerTi aspeqtia Seswavlili mis calkeul SromebSi (kekeliZe, et. II, 99-108; 237-269; et. IV, 110-134; et. V, 212-227; et. VI, 18-41; et. XI, 178-240). efrem mciris mravalmxrivi moRvaweoba araerTi mecnieris kvlevis sagani yofila. efrems swavloben rogorc mTargmnelsa da Targmanis sakuTari Teoriis Semqmnels k. kekeliZe (kekeliZe, 1923; 1956; 1980), T. begiaSvili (begiaSvili, 1927), r. bleiki (bleiki, 1926), i. abulaZe (abulaZe, 1950), e. metreveli (metreveli, 1959), e. xinTibiZe (xinTibiZe, 1968; 1969; 1982), k. danelia (danelia, 1974), e. nikolaZe (nikolaZe, 1959), l. daTiaSvili (daTiaSvili, 1984), q. bezaraSvili (bezaraSvili, 1999; 2003; 2004), T. oTxmezuri (oTxmezuri 1995; 1995a; 2001; 2004), m. rafava (rafava, 1995). efrems rogorc gramatikossa da leqsikografs exebodnen i. abulaZe, (ab-6- ulaZe, 1950), s. yauxGiSvili (yauxGiSvili, 1945), m. SaniZe (SaniZe, 1968, 1987), al. focxiSvili (focxiSvili, 1979) z. sarjvelaZe (sarjvelaZe, 1984), al. Rlonti, (Rlonti, 1988), k. danelia (danelia, 1982), T. uTurgaiZe (uTurgaiZe, 1991) n. doborjginiZe (doborjginiZe, 1995; 1995a; 1998; 2000; 2001; l. qarosaniZe (qarosaniZe, 1998); efremi rogorc istorikosi da saqarTvelos da bizantiis istoriis calkeuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb utyuari cnobebis momwodebeli mwerali daxasiaTebulia iv. javaxiSvilis (javaxiSvili, 1977), m. kaxaZis (kaxaZe, 1954), s. gamsaxurdias (gamsaxurdia, 1966), v. goilaZis (goilaZe, 1991) da sxvaTa naSromebSi. efrem mciris mier Targmnili filosofiuri Txzulebebi da efremi rogorc filosofosi aris n. maris (mari, 1909) S. nucubiZis (nucubiZe, 1956; 1976; ioane petriwi, 1937), s. gorgaZis (gorgaZe, 1923; 1926), S. xidaSelis (xidaSeli, 1952), d. meliqiSvilis (d. meliqiSvili, 1975; 1983; 1987; 1999), T. kukavas (kukava, 1988); m. rafavas (ioane damaskeli, 1976), m. nemsaZis (nemsaZe, 1981) interesis sagani; efrem mciris filologiuri da mecnieruli moRvaweoba, efremi rogorc teqstologi Seswavlilia k. kekeliZis (kekeliZe, 1980), s. yauxGiSvilis (yauxGiSvili, 1946), i. abulaZis (abulaZe, 1950), e. xinTibiZis (xinTibiZe, 1963; 1969; 1982), m. SaniZis (SaniZe, 1975), i. lolaSvilis (lolaSvili, 1967; 1978)SromebSi; efremis literaturul Sexedulebebs, efrem mcires, rogorc literaturis Teoretikossa da istorikoss swavloben k. kekeliZe (kekeliZe, 1980; 1957), l. menabde (menabde, 1980), r. siraZe (siraZe, 1975; 1978), g. alibegaSvili (alibegaSvili, 1988, 1992), q. bezaraSvili (bezaraSvili 2004). efremis mTargmnelobiTi meTodis Taviseburebebze msjelobs TiTqmis yvela mkvlevari, vinc mis mier Targmnili Txzulebis Seswavlas Tu gamosacemad momzadebas hkidebs xels. kerZod: s. enuqaSvili(petre iberieli, 1961), r. miminoSvili (miminoSvili, 1966), m. rafava(damaskeli, 1976; rafava, 1989; 1990, 1990, a) T. bregaZe (efrem mcire, uwyebaY, 1959; bregaZe, 1971), n. goguaZe (metafrasuli krebulebi, 1986), T. oTxmezuri (oTxmezuri, 1989; 1989, a; 1992, a; 1995; 1995, a; 2004), n. kandelaki(n. kandelaki, 1962), q. bezaraSvili (q. bezaraSvili1989, a; 1989, b; 1995; 2003; 2004), n. meliqiSvili(n. meliqiSvili, 1987; 1991; 1991, a; 1999; 2001,), -7- l. xaGiZe (l. xaGiZe, 1991; 1994; 2009). efremis mier SemuSavebul mTargmnelobiT principebs gverds ver auxvevs Targmanis istoriisa da Teoriis mkvlevaric (gaGeGilaZe, 1958; gafrindaSvili, oZeli, 1987; gafrindaSvili, 1992). zemoT GamoTvlil mkvlevarTa umravlesoba efremis mTargmnelobiT meTodze saubrisas wina mTargmnelebTan SedarebiT Targmnisas meti sizustis dacvasTan erTad xazgasmiT aRniSnavs efremis TargmanebisTvis damaxasiaTebel erT Taviseburebas. esaa naTargmni TxzulebebisaTvis mTargmnelis mravalricxovani SeniSvnebis darTva. SeniSvnebi Gveulebriv xelnaweris aSiebzea gakeTebuli. rogorc k. kekeliZe aRniSnavs, `efremi, rodesac rames Targmnida, dednis sityvebs `martivad, Seuzaveblad da Seuxeblad~ gadmoscemda xolme, magram azris naTelsayofad is aSiebze urTavda ganmartebasa da sqolioebs, romlebiTac moqargulia xolme ZiriTadi teqsti naTargmni Txzulebebisa~ (kekeliZe, 1980, 254). garda amisa, mTargmnelis sityva, anu `mozraxuli~, rogorc efremi uwodebs maT, Targmans erTvis TavSic da boloSic, winasityvaobisa da anderZis saxiT, sadac TargmanTan dakavSirebuli mravali sakiTxia ganxiluli. mTargmnelis amgvari komentarebi efrem mcires warmogvidgenen bizantiuri literaturis ZeglTa ara ubralod mTargmnelad, aramed mTargmnel-komentatorad. efrem mciris mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobis swored es aspeqti, efremi rogorc bizantiuri mwerlobis Zeglebis mTargmnel-komentatori avirGieT Gven Seswavlis obieqtad, radgan es mxare misi Semoqmedebisa naklebadaa Seswavlili da amasTanave, gvaZlevs metad uxv masalas efremis rogorc mravalmxrivi moRvawis, friad erudirebuli mTargmnelis, mecnieris, teqstologis, enaTmecnieris, leqsikografis, literaturis istorikosisa da kritikosis Sesaswavlad. efremis komentarTa mniSvneloba `ganuzomelia Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis istoriisaTvis... mniSvnelovanwilad isini warmoadgenen originaluri Semoqmedebis nayofs da gviTaliswinebs Zveli qarTuli filosofiuri da mecnieruli azrovnebis dones~ (miminoSvili, 1966, gv. 116). efrem mciris komentatoruli saqmianoba mis mTargmnelobiT moRvaweobasTanaa dakavSirebuli. efremi komentars urTavda mxolod sakuTar Targmanebs. gamomdinare -8- misi interesTa sferos mravalferovnebidan efremis komentarebic mraval gansxvavebul sakiTxs exeba. aq SevxvdebiT mTargmnelis SeniSvnebs qarTuli da bizantiuri literaturis calkeul problemebze, konkretuli Zeglebis TargmnasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxeze, Teologiuri, filosofiuri, istoriuli, miTologiuri, leqsikuri Tu gramatikuli xasiaTis ganmartebebs gakeTebuls sagangebod qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis. naTargmni TxzulebisaTvis amgvar komentarTa darTva, rac efremis dros bizantiur mwerlobaSi gavrcelebuli da miRebuli praqtika iyo (gardthauzeni, 1911-1913; groningeni, 1955; beki, 1959; saidaki, 1914; kaJdani, 1973,), berZnul tradiciebze aRzrdilma da Savi mTis qristianul savaneSi moRvawe efrem mcirem bizantieli mwignobrebisagan iswavla da gadmoiRo. `berZennica egreT hyofeno~, _ araerTxel aRniSnavs Tavis anderZebSi. komentatoruli saqmianoba, rac jer kidev antikur da elinistur periodSi iyo gavrcelebuli saberZneTSi (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs homerosis poemebis mravali komentatori, elinistur xanaSi aleqsandrieli moRvaweebisa da sxvaTa saqmianoba (dindosfiusi, 1875; sviti, 1914), gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda bizantiur periodSi (krumbaxeri, 1897, 210, 216; kekeliZe, et. XI, 178-181). IV-V saukuneebis berZeni komentatorebi ganmartebebs urTavdnen, uwinares yovlisa, biblias, Zveli da axali aRTqmis calkeul wignebs (patGi, 25-42), ganmartavdnen maT alegoriulad (aleqsandriuli skola) da realistur-istoriulad (antioqiis skola) (kekeliZe, et. XI, 180). magram mogvianebiT, VI saukunidan, garda wminda egzegetikuri, anu saRmrTo werilis Tu eklesiis mamaTa sibrZnis alegoriuli Tu realisturi ganmartebisa, bizantieli komentatorebi TavianT SeniSvnebSi mraval iseT sakiTxsac exebodnen, rac filosofiis, istoriis, literaturis, gramatikisa da sxva mecnieruli disciplinebis sferos ganekuTvneba. maTma naazrevma mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana am disciplinebis Semdgom ganviTarebasa da winsvlaSi. bibliur wignTa komentirebis garda, iwereboda ganmartebebi eklesiis mamaTa calkeul Txzulebebze, rac saegzegetiko mwerlobis axali etapis dasawyisia. amgvar komentarTa specifikas, maT Sinaarss gansazRvravda xSir SemTxvevaSi -9- epoqa da garemo, romelSic iqmneboda komentari. magaliTad, adrebizantiuri sasuliero mwerlobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani warmomadgenlis, grigol nazianzelis (329-390w. w) moZRvreba qristianobis ZiriTadi dogmebis Sesaxeb, romelic man Tavis homiliebSi Gamoayaliba, mTeli Suasaukuneebis ganmavlobaSi izidavda cnobil bizantiel swavlulebs da xSirad xdeboda maTi gansjisa da ganmartebis sagani. grigolis Txzulebebis komentatorebi iyvnen qristianuli mwerlobis iseTi cnobili warmomadgenlebi, rogorebic arian: doroTe Razeli, maqsime aRmsarebeli, ioane geometri, none, miqel fselosi, nikita heraklieli, elia kriteli, basili minimusi da sxv. (saidaki, 1914; 1929/30; oTxmezuri, 1989, a, 3-4; bezaraSvili, 2004), romlebic grigolis Txzulebebs sxvadasxva kuTxiT (ritorikuli, miTologiuri, dogmatikuri, Teologiuri da sxv.) ganmartavdnen. `yoveli mwerlis Semoqmedeba ase Tu ise GarTulia Tavisi drois literaturis ganviTarebis konteqstSi da mravalmxriv kavSirSi imyofeba epoqis cocxal literaturul procesTan. amasTan erTad, igi sazrdoobs tradiciiT da eyrdnoba warsulis mxatvrul miRwevebs~ (vinogradovi, 1960, 11). am sayovelTao kanonzomierebas eqvemdebareba efrem mciris Semoqmedebac. XI-XII saukune qarTul-bizantiuri literaturuli urTieroTbebis ganmtkicebiT aRiniSna. rogorc k. kekeliZe SeniSnavs, "bizantizmi am drois qristianul qveynebSi yvelgan Tavisebur `modad~ iyo gadaqceuli da kulturosnobis maGveneblad (kekeliZe, 1980, 62), bizantiaSi ki am dros sxva filologiur disciplinebTan erTad farTod iyo gavrcelebuli teqstualuri komentaria da qarTuli mwignobrebic, romlebic "samRrTo SuriT daewafnen" (k. kekeliZe) berZnulenovan qristianul mwerlobas, saeklesio mwerlobis mravali Zeglis qarTulad TargmnasTan erTad maTze darTul komentarebsac Targmnidnen. ase iTargmna `elinTa zRaprobanis~ saxeliT cnobili grigol RvTismetyvelis TxzulebebisaTvis nones mier Sedgenili miTologiuri ganmartebani (fsevdonone, 1989), iTargmna nazianzelis sxva komentatorTa naazrevi (Jer.13), qarTulad gadmoiRes sxvadasxva Sinaarsis araerTi ganmarteba, romelic axlda basili didis, grigol noselis, dionise areopagelis, ioane damaskelis da sxvaTa Txzulebebs. da, rac - 10 - mTavaria, qarTvelma mTargmnelebma berZenTa mibaZviT TviTonac daiwyes amgvari SeniSvna-komentarebis darTva TavianTi TargmanebisaTvis. xelnawerTa aSiebze SeniSvnebis gaGena bizantiaSic da saqarTveloSic, iseve rogorc albaT yvelgan, erTi mizeziT iyo ganpirobebuli da erTi mizani hqonda _ teqstis sworad gageba. oRond berZen komentatorTagan odnav gansxvavebuli funqcia ekisraT mTargmnel-komentatorebs da maT Soris qarTvelebsac, romlebsac teqstis zustad Targmanis survili bevri `sityvis Zalis ukeT gancxadebis~ (efremi) saSualebas teqstSive ar aZlevda. amitom iZulebuli xdeboda aseTi `sityKs Zalis ukeT ganmacxadebeli~ SeniSvnebi aSiaze, anu `kideTa zeda adgil-adgil~ daewera. naTargmni teqstisTvis amgvari SeniSvnebis damrTveli mTargmnelic komentatoria, ufro sworad mTargmnel-komentatori, romlis naazrevi erTnairad sainteresoa orive enaze (rogorc qarTuli, iseve berZnuli) Seqmnili literaturis mkvlevarTaTvis. marTalia, qarTvel mTargmnel-komentatorTa SeniSvnebSi imTaviTve calkeuli leqsikuri erTeulebis ganmartebebi Warbobdnen (sarjvelaZe, 1984, 201-232), magram gvxvdeba sxva Sinaarsis komentarebic. leqsikur ganmartebaTa simravle ki imiT aixsneba, rom mTargmnelis umTavresi problema `qarTuli Semsgavsebuli sityvis~ (efremi) povnaa, rac zogjer did sirTulebTanaa dakavSirebuli da amitomac xSirad mis mier `mopovebuli sityviT~ ukmayofilo mTargmneli aSiaze SeniSnavs: `sxuaY ukeTesi vera vpove da SemindeviTo~ (efremi), amasTanave, am sityvis mniSvnelobis ganmartebasac iZleva. mTargmnelis amgvari SeniSvnebi adreul ZeglebSic gvxvdeba, magram gansakuTrebiT bevria isini efrem mciris, arsen iyalToelis, ioane petriwis da elinofiluri skolis sxva mwignobarTa nawerebSi. efrem mciresTan amas misi mTargmnelobiTi meTodi ganapirobebda: erTi mxriv, sizustis dacva _ `dedasa araraY GavrTo~ da meore mxriv is, rom `Targmans sityKsa Zali da moqcevi dednisaYve aqundes~, rac am meTodiT momuSave mTargmnels erTaderT gzas utovebda _ naTargmni TxzulebebisaTvis SeniSvnebi aSiebze daerTo. amitomac gamoikveTa efrem mciris mTargmnelobiTi saqmi- 11 - anobis erT-erT Taviseburebad TargmanisaTvis sqolio-komentarebis darTva. magram efremis komentatoruli saqmianoba xelnaweris kideebze SeniSvnebis moTavsebiT ar amoiwureba. efremi qarTuli mwerlobis da xSirad ara marto qarTuli, aramed bizantiuri mwerlobis komentatorad gvevlineba Txzulebas darTul vrcel anderZebsa da winabWeebSi, sadac Zeglis TargmnasTan dakavSirebul konkretul sakiTxebTan erTad mraval iseT sakiTxsac exeba, rac am anderZebs erTgvar literaturaTmcodneobiTi xasiaTis gamokvlevebad aqcevs. efremis anderZebi, Sesavali werilebi, xelnaweris aSiebze moTavsebuli marginaluri SeniSvnebi da `Seiswaveebi~ anu mTargmnelis mier teqstze darTuli yvelanairi komentari, Gven efrem mciris anderZebSi dadasturebuli terminiT `mTargmnelis mozraxuliT~ aRvniSneT da swored isini gavixadeT Seswavlis obieqtad. `mTargmnelis mozraxuli~ mTargmnelis originaluri naSromia, misi Sexedulebebis, ganaTlebis, interesTa sferos da erudiciis gamovlenis saukeTeso saSualebaa. efrem mciris kolofonebi _ `Tavisa da boloYsa anderZebi~, `kideTa zeda warwerili Targmanebi~ da `Seiswaveebi~ saukeTeso masalas gvaZleven efremis rogorc filologis, enaTmecnieris, literaturis istorikosis, filosofosisa da, raRa Tqma unda, mTargmnelis dasaxasiaTeblad. Targmanebs darTul komentarebSi gamovlinda igi rogorc SesaniSnavi mcodne bizantiuri da qarTuli literaturisa, mecnieri mkvlevari berZnuli da qarTuli enisa, dakvirvebuli teqstologi da Rrmad erudirebuli komentatori. komentatoruli saqmianoba mxolod mravalmxriv ganaTlebul adamians xelewifeba. saeklesio mwerlobis komentatori kargad unda erkveodes ara marto RvTismetyvelebis sakiTxebSi, aramed leqsikologiis, gramatikis, literaturis, istoriis, miTologiis kargi mcodnec unda iyos. efrem mcire, rogorc komentatori, Tavis `mozraxulSi~ swored amgvar mravalmxriv ganswavlulobas amJRavnebs. zogierTi misi anderZi Tu winasityvaoba literaturaTmcodneobiTi xasiaTis mecnieruli naSromia, zogi `Seiswave~- Gamoyalibebuli gramatikuli traqtati; zogjer calkeuli sityvis mniSvnelobis ganmmartavi sqolio am sityvis istoriis Sesaxeb dawerili enaTmecnieruli - 12 - narkvevia da a. S. da, rac mTavaria, mTargmnelis aseTi SeniSvnebi gvaqvs ara TiToorola, aramed Zalian bevri da erTvis efremis mier Targmnil TiTqmis yvela mniSvnelovan Zegls, rac, bunebrivia, ganapirobebs Sesaswavli masalis moculobiT sididesac. Gveni kvlevis mizani iyo efrem mciris naTargmni Txzulebebis Semcveli xelnawerebidan amogvekriba mTargmnelis yvelanairi komentari: anderZebi, winasityvaobebi da aSiebze gakeTebuli SeniSvnebi. mTargmnelis komentaris garkveul saxeobad migvaGnia teqstSi GarTuli ganmartebebic ama Tu im sityvis mniSvnelobisa, rac agreTve Gveni Seswavlis sferoSi Semodis. rogorc aRvniSneT, mTargmnelis `mozraxuli~ efremis mier Targmnil TiTqmis yvela mniSvnelovan Txzulebas axlavs, romlebic Gvenamde 160-mde xelnaweriTaa moRweuli. amitom efremis kolofonebis (anderZebisa da winasityvaobebis) da komentarebis (`Seiswaveebis~, xelnaweris `kideTa da pativTa zeda~ moTavsebuli mTargmnelis yovelgvari SeniSvnis) Sesakrebad saWiro iyo efremis Targmanebis Semcveli yvela xelnaweris Seswavla, rom srulad gvqonoda xelT efremis `mozraxuli~. am mizniT SeviswavleT TbilisSi, xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi (k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa instituti), daculi 80-mde xelnaweri, romelTa didi nawili XI-XIII saukuneebis dazianebuli nusxebia. amasTan, yvelaze metad dazianebulia xelnaweris kideebze moTavsebuli mTargmnelis sqolioebi da `Tavsa da bolosa wignisasa~ darTuli kolofonebi, radgan wignis xSiri xmarebisas misi swored es nawilebi icviTeboda da ziandeboda. amasTanave, Gveulebriv, aSiaze moTavsebuli SeniSvnebi ufro wvrili xeliTaa naweri da xSirad Zalian cudad gairGeva, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca xelT xelnaweris mxolod fotoebi gvaqvs da ara dedani. miuxedavad amisa, efremis Targmnili yvela mniSvnelovani Txzulebis nusxidan gadmoviwereT misi an misad misaGnevi sqolio Targmanis im teqstTan erTad, romlis gansamartavadac iyo is dawerili. im SemTxvevaSi, roca xelnawerze xeli ar migviwvdeboda, davkmayofildiT aRwerilobebSi mocemuli cnobebiT da samecniero literaturaSi citirebuli mTargmnelis SeniSvnebis gadmoweriT. sabolood, efremis anderZebisa da winasityvaobebis ricxvma - 13 - 30-s miaRwia, xolo sqolio-komentarebis raodenobam 200-s gadaaWarba, romelTa Seswavlis dros Gven winaSe dadga zogierTi Teoriuli sakiTxis gadaWris aucilebloba. kerZod, dazusteba moiTxova zogierTma paleografiulma da komentatorul saqmianobasTan dakavSirebulma terminma; saWiro gaxda naTargmni Txzulebis komentirebis efremiseuli principebis Seswavla da mravalricxovani sqolio-komentarebis garkveuli niSniT klasificireba, radgan efremis SeniSvnebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian rogorc daniSnulebiT, aseve konstruqciulad da SinaarsiTac. amitom wignis pirveli Tavi mivuZRveniT efremis mTargmnelobiTi da komentatoruli saqmianobis zogad mimoxilvas, mTargmnelis SeniSvnaTa klasifikaciis principebze msjelobas da zogierT sxva sakiTxs. wignis meore Tavi efremis `Tavisa da boloYsa anderZebis~ analizs eTmoba, mesame TavSi ganxilulia efremis mozraxulSi daculi cnobebi bizantiuri filologiis zogierT sakiTxze, efrem mciris anderZebi da `Seiswaveebi~ Seswavlilia rogorc wyaro bizantiuri da qarTuli literaturis istoriis Sesaswavlad.2 2 kolofonTa da sqolioTa Seswavlis dros cxadi gaxda, rom efremis mravalmxrivi komentatoruli saqmianobis srulyofilad warmodgena am naSromSi ver moxerxdeboda. amitomac wignSi amjerad efremis efrem mciris `mozraxulis~ mxolod nawilis analizs warmovadgenT, kerZod, ganvixilavT mTargmnelis yvela kolofons, anu `mTargmnelis mozraxul~ anderZebsa da winasityvaobebs, rogorc yvelaze vrcel da mravali saintereso sakiTxis Semcvel teqstebs da efremis im `Seiswaveebs~, romlebic qarTuli da bizantiuri literaturis ama Tu im sakiTxs Seexeba. efremis gramatikuli da leqsikologiuri xasiaTis SeniSvnebis analizi warmodgenili iqneba calke naSromi. am sakiTxebze ukve gamoqveynebuli gvaqvs ramdenime Sroma: kerZod, efrem mciris erTi gramatikuli xasiaTis sqolio, Tsu ax. mecn. Sr. krebuli XVI, 1988, 2216-221; efrem mciris leqsikografiuli xasiaTis sqolioebisa da sulxan-saba orbelianis leqsikonis mimarTebisaTvis: `macne~, 1989, N3, gv. 68-77; efrem mciris gramatikuli xasiaTis sqolioni, moxseneba wakiTxuli a. SaniZis dabadebis 107-e wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil samecniero sesiaze 1994 w. 15 marti; punqtuaciasTan dakavSirebuli terminologia efrem mciris anderZebsa da sqolioebSi: b. jorbenaZis sazogadoebis II samecniero konferencia, muSaobis gegma da moxsenebaTa Tezisebi Tb., 1995, gv. 14-15; efrem mciris leqsikografiuli xasiaTis sqolioni: Tsu filologiis fakultetis samecniero sesia, muSaobis gegma da moxsenebaTa - 14 - `efrem mcire SesaniSnavi, sworupovari qarTveli mecnieri filologi, filosofosi da istorikosi iyo da Gveni zneobrivi movaleobaa misi naRvawi da yvela naSromi ise gamovceT da SeviswavloT, rogorc mis diad suls, maRal gonebas da Rrma samecniero codnas da niWs Seefereba~, _ werda ivane javaxiSvili (javaxiSvili, 1977, 175). aq efremis `naRvawsa da naSromSi~ mis TargmanebTan da originalur TxzulebebTan erTad uTuod igulisxmeba mTargmnelis mozraxuli SeniSvnebi da anderZebic, romelTa did mniSvnelobaze TviTon ivane javaxiSvilive miuTiTebda Gveni wigni mokrZalebuli cdaa efrem mciris Targmanebs darTuli `mTargmnelis mozraxuli~ kolofonebis Seswavlisa. Tezisebi, Tb., 1995, gv. 50-51; berZnulidan Semosuli ramdenime sityvis mniSvnelobisaTvis efrem mciris `Seiswaveebis~ mixedviT, Tsu filologiis fakultetis samecniero sesia, muSaobis gegma moxsenebaTa masalebi, Tb., 1998, gv. 48-49; `Pmis saqceveli~ niSnebi efrem mciris TargmanebSi, Tsu filologiis fakultetis samecniero sesia, miZRvnili grigol kiknaZis dabadebis 90-e wlisTavisadmi, muSaobis gegma da moxsenebaTa masalebi, Tb., 1999, gv. 56_58; efrem mcire da qarTuli saliteraturo enis zogierTi sakiTxi: qarTuli saliteraturo enis sakiTxebi: istoria da Tanamedrov mdgomareoba, Tb., 2007, gv. 119-124; efrem mciris Targmanebi _ sulxan-saba orbelianis leqsikonis erT-erTi wyaro, akad. sergi jiqias dabadebidan 110 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili samecniero konferenciis masalebi, Tb., 2008. - 15 - Tavi I efrem mciris mTargnelobiTi da komentatoruli moRvaweoba efrem mciris mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis zogadi daxasiaTeba. qarTulma mTargmnelobiTma saqmianobam Tavisi istoria dReisaTvis cnobili masalebis mixedviT, rogorc Gans, V saukunidan daiwyo, rodesac pirvelad iTargmna bibliuri wignebi, Zveli da axali aRTqmis sakiTxavebi, rasac SemdgomSi mohyva qristianuli saeklesio mwerlobis sxvadasxva Janris mravali nimuSis gadmoReba. gansakuTrebuli etapi qarTuli literaturis istoriaSi iwyeba aTonis literaturuli skolis Gamoyalibebis Semdeg, roca qarTvel mTargmnelTa winaSe dgeba sakiTxi bizantiuri mwerlobis swrafi da srulyofili aTvisebisa. berZnebTan politikuri da kulturuli metoqeobis ideam mTargmnelTa mTavar sazrunavad aqcia im xarvezis umokles droSi amovseba, romelic qarTul mwerlobas bizantiurTan SedarebiT hqonda. qarTvelma moRvaweebma eqvTime aTonelis meTaurobiT miznad daisaxes eTargmnaT bizantiuri literaturis saukeTeso nimuSebi da didi mondomebiT Seudgnen am saqmianobas. `mtkice sazrdelisaTvis~ moumzadebel qarTvel mkiTxvels eqvTime `sZiTa zrdida da mxaliTa~ (Jer. 43, 2r; mari, 1955, 73; bregaZe, 1988, 148), amitomac berZnulidan Targmnis dros, rogorc k. kekeliZe SeniSnavs, `imas mudam mxedvelobaSi hqonda misi Tanamemamuleebis sulieri moTxovnilebani, momzadebisa da ganviTarebis done, maTi `fsiqiuri~ specifikuri Taviseburebani da Tavis Targmanebs ufardebda am moTxovnilebebs, dones da Tvisebebs. Gven ver vipoviT mis TargmanTa Soris verc erTs iseTs, romelSic dedani gadmoRebuli iyos ise, rogorc is misi avtoris xelidan gamosula. is an miumatebda dedans, an moaklebda mas, an Sescvlida Taviseburad Txzulebis ama Tu im adgils da iZleoda saTargmni Txzulebis savsebiT axal redaqcias~ (kekeliZe, 1956, 174). misive dakvirvebiT, `Teoria `Semateba-Semoklebisa~ marto eqvTime aTonelis TargmanSi rodi iGens Tavs, is ama Tu im sazomiT sxvebis muSaobasac warmarTavda~ (iqve, gv. 172). cnobilia, rom mTargmnelobis eqvTime aToneliseul - 16 - stils, romelsac xSirad `Tavisufali Targmanis~ an `kleba-matebis meTodis~ saxeliT aRniSnaven, mkveTrad gaemijna giorgi aToneli, romelic `principulad axlos mivida berZnul dedanTan, magram Targmanis qarTul enaze bunebrivad ametyvelebisaTvis zogjer arc giorgi mTawmideli gaurboda Semateba-gamoklebis xerxs~ (xinTibiZe, 1982, 169). giorgisTvisac rom ucxo ar iyo kleba da mateba, amis Sesaxeb is TviTon aRniSnavs mis mier xelaxla Targmnili `fsalmunTa wignis~ anderZSi: `Guen, romeli jer iyo, GagvirTavs da, romeli jer iyo dagviklia, viTa Guensa enasa mouvidoda da wesi saqmisaY eZiebdao~(fsalmuni, 1960, 027). aseT tradiciebze aRzrdili efrem mcire, romelic acxadebs, rom `ara saRramatikosoTa, arca safilosofosoTa, aramed Semdgomni Targmanni pirvel damaSuralTa TargmanTa wignebisagan ganviswavlebiTo~ (Jer.43, 1r; mari, 1955, 72; bregaZe, 1988, 148), bunebrivia, did pativs miagebs Tavis winamorbed mTargmnelebs da gansakuTrebiT ki eqvTime da giorgi mTawmidelebs, romelTac Tavis maswavleblebad miiGnevs da didi mokrZalebiTa da mowiwebiT ixseniebs Tavis winasityvaobebsa Tu anderZebSi. efremi maTi mTargmnelobiTi meTodis erT-erTi pirveli mkvlevari da Semfasebelia. qarTul filologiaSi sayovelTaod gaziarebuli azri eqvTimesTvis damaxasiaTebeli Semateba-daklebis meTodis Sesaxeb swored efremis anderZebSi mocemuli daxasiaTebidan momdinareobs. misi TqmiT, eqvTimes `madliTa sulisa wmidisaYTa Pel-ewifeboda SematebaYca da daklebaYca~(A24, 2v; damaskeli, 1976, 69), `maSin Gueni naTesavi liton iyo da GGKl~ (Jer.43, 2r), amitomac eqvTime `sZiTa zrdida da mxaliTa~, magram `aw mis mier aRzrdili eri misiTave madliTa mtkicisa sazrdelisa moqene iqmna~ (Jer.43,2r), _ Tvlis efremi da amitomac miiGnevs, rom saWiroa qarTvelma mkiTxvelma ara Semoklebulad, `sityuaTa ganzavebiT~ Sesrulebuli Targmanebi ikiTxos, aramed yovelgvari gaiolebis gareSe gaecnos berZnul enaze arsebul umdidres qristianul literaturas da irGevs dedanTan zedmiwevniTi sizustis meTods. efremis azriT, Txzulebis Targmani `misve (dedisa) pirsa unda ityodes~ . amitomac efrems, miuxedavad wina qarTvel mTargmnelTa mimarT didi mowiwebisa, ar akmayofilebs eqvTimes da - 17 - giorgis Targmanebi, radgan isini ar warmoadgenen berZnuli dednis pirebs, aramed ufro xSirad maTi qarTuli versiebia. swored es ganapirobebs efremis mier winamorbed mTargmnelTagan erTxel ukve Targmnili wignebis xelaxla Targmnas. Tumca efremi, romelic eqvTimes da giorgis did avtoritets aRiarebda, erideboda amgvar revizias, magram sxvaTa iZulebiT, daJinebuli moTxovniT, rogorc araerTxel SeniSnavs anderZebSi, mas mainc utvirTavs giorgis naredaqcievi `samociqulos~ wignebis berZnulTan Sedareba, eqvTimes mier Targmnili grigol nazianzelis homiliebis xelaxla Targmna da sxv. bunebrivia, efremis amgvar saqmianobas qarTvel sazogadoebaSi gaugebroba gamouwvevia. rogorc k. kekeliZe aRniSnavs: `is axali mimarTuleba, romelic man mTargmnelobaSi daamkvidra, imdenad examuSebodaT, rom mas eqvTimes da giorgis upativcemlobas, metiGrobasa da mwvaleblobasac ki swamebdnen~ (kekeliZe, 1980, 61; ix. agreTve, mari, 1909, 36-39). amiT unda aixsnas is Tavis marTleba, rasac efremis TiTqmis yovel anderZSi vxvdebiT. magram, yvelafris miuxedavad, efremi mTargmnelobiT saqmianobaSi bolomde Tavis mier erTxel Gamoyalibebuli principebis erTgul mimdevrad rGeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom TviT efremi eqvTime da giorgi aTonelebis saqmis gamgrZeleblad aRiqvamda Tavs. mis mier SemuSavebuli meTodi mas winamorbed mTargmnelTa meTodis srulyofad, Semdgom daxvewad miaGnda da ara masTan dapirispirebad. grigol RmrTismetyvelis Txzulebebis Targmanze darTul erT-erT anderZSi (A 292, 282v, bregaZe, 1988, 174) efremi imasac ki acxadebs, rom mas grigolis 19 sityva (`aTcxrametni igi aporitaTagan~) `mamisa da moZRurisa kvalsa SedgomiTa sityuadarTviT~ uTargmnia. e. i. eqvTimes msgavsad TargmanisaTvis masac raRac Gaumatebia. magram misgan gansxvavebiT `arca sxKsa sakiTxavisa sxuasa GaurTavs~ da `arca jerGinebiT da nebsiT uTargmneli sityva daugdia~(A292, 282v; bregaZe, 1988, 174). eqvTime ki xSirad iqceoda ase _ tovebda Targmnisas calkeul, zogjer sakmaod vrcel monakveTebs, romelTa qarTulad gadmoReba raRac mizeziT ar miaGnda aucileblad (kekeliZe, 1980, 192, 202; 1956, 169-174; et. II,237-269; 1912, 300; et. VII,14-54; xinTibiZe, 1968; qurcikiZe, 1978, 24-34; miminoSvili, 1963; - 18 - dvali, 1966; oTxmezuri, 1989; `orioni~, 1993). `mas Jamsa esreT Sehguandao~(A292, 282v), _acxadebs efremi da amiT xsnis dednisadmi eqvTimes amgvar Tavisufal damokidebulebas. magram XI saukunis II naxevarSi, roca drom da Jamma sxva moTxovnebi daayena qarTvel mTargmnelTa winaSe, efremis azriT, mTargmnelmac unda Secvalos dednisadmi damokidebuleba. radgan berZnebi xSirad sayvedurobdnen qarTvelebs da uwunebdnen arasrulad da arazustad Sesrulebul Targmanebs, qarTvelebsac yvela Rone unda exmaraT, rom maTTvis amis sababi ar miecaT. efrem mcire erT-erTi im moRvaweTagani iyo, vinc gaiTvaliswina, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba SeiZleboda hqonoda berZnebTan kulturuli gaTanabrebis, maTTan metoqeobis ideas qarTvelTaTvis. amitomac daisaxa miznad zustad, Seucvlelad, Seuryvnelad da Seuzaveblad eTargmna bizantiuri mwerlobis saukeTeso nimuSebi da amisTvis Targmnis sakuTari meTodi da wina mTargmnelTagan gansxvavebuli mTargmnelobiTi Teoria SeimuSava, romelic efremis anderZebSi da aSiebze moTavsebul mTargmnelis SeniSvnebSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebisa da efremis mTargmnelobiTi meTodis Sesaxeb arsebuli samecniero literaturis gaTvaliswinebiT Semdegnairad SeiZleba Gamoyalibdes: 1. mTargmnelma Txzulebis Targmnis dawyebamde unda Seiswavlos saTargmnad arGeuli Zeglis irgvliv arsebuli viTareba. daadginos, xom ar arsebobs misi adreuli Targmani, moiZios sando da sarwmuno dednebi da Seajeros isini erTmaneTTan. mxolod aseTi erTgvari mecnieruli samuSaos winaswar Sesrulebis Semdeg SeiZleba man mohkidos xeli Targmnas. 2. Txzuleba unda iTargmnos im enidan, romelzedac is aris Sesrulebuli. 3. mTargmneli unda Seecados daicvas sizuste, mogvces dednis swori Targmani, ar Secvalos saTauri anu `zedwarwerili~ da minaweric ki. arc daaklos rame da arc ra miumatos dedniseul teqsts. 4. radgan `yovelsa Targmansa uPms SematebaY sityKsaY~, `sityKs Zalis ganmacxadebeli~, azris damazustebeli da sxva xasiaTis SeniSvnebi, sqolio-komentarebis, anderZebisa da winasityvaobebis saxiT daurTos naTargmn Zegls - 19 - Tavsa da boloSi da kideebze. araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba maTi ~Sigan gareviT daweraY~. cxadia, rom efremis mier mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobisaTvis saxelmZRvanelod arGeuli principebi efrem mciris mTargmnelobiTi Sexedulebebis uaRresad maRal doneze miuTiTeben. am Teoriis mixedviT efremi gvevlineba ara mxolod ubralod mTargmnelad, aramed Targmnis Teoretikosadac, romelsac mTeli sisruliT gaazrebuli aqvs Tavisi saqmianobis pasuxismgebloba da mniSvnelobac. rogorc SeniSnaven, `efremi arsebiTad pirveli kacia Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi, romelmac ara marto praqtikulad ganaxorciela, aramed Teoriulad gaiazra sakuTari mTargmnelobiTi muSaobis principebi~ (WumburiZe, 1958, 186). efremis mier Gamoyalibebuli Targmnis mecnierul Teorias garkveulwilad dResac ar daukargavs Tavisi mniSvneloba. efrem mciris Teoriis mixedviT mTargmnelis muSaoba ori etapisagan Sedgeba. pirveli _ esaa mosamzadebeli samuSaos Sesruleba da meore _ TviT Targmnis procesi. pirvel etapze mTargmnelma erTgvari mecnieruli samuSao unda Seasrulos ori mimarTulebiT: a) dednis SerGeva, b) saTargmnad arGeuli Txzulebis irgvliv arsebuli viTarebis Seswavla. efremis Rrma rwmeniT, Txzulebis Targmna `sando da ueWvi~ dednis mopovebiT iwyeba. aseTi ki, pirvel rigSi, SeiZleba iyos mxolod originali da ara Tundac uzadod Sesrulebuli sxvaenovani Targmani. Txzuleba unda iTargmnos im enidan, romelzedac is daiwera. radgan efremis mTargmnelobiTi saqmianoba berZnul samyaros ukavSirdeba, amitomac efremisTvis dednad sagulvebeli teqsti yovelTvis berZnulia. misi xatovani SedarebiT berZnuli teqsti `dedaa~, Targmani ki `Svili~, Targmanidan Sesrulebuli Targmani ki `SviliSvilia~ berZnulisa (A292,312r), romelic, ra Tqma unda, naklebadaa `ueWK da sando. ~ magram efremma SesaniSnavad icis, rom berZnul enaze arsebobs TxzulebaTa ramdenime, xSirad erTmaneTisagan sagrZnoblad gansxvavebuli redaqciebi, amitomac dednis SerGevis sakiTxi marto erTi berZnuli teqstis mopovebiT ar amoiwureba. saWiroa Sedareba, Sewameba berZnuli dednebisa, mecnierTa da swavlul kacTa gamokiTxva, erTi sityviT, gamokvleva - 20 - sakiTxisa, rac wminda mecnieruli filologiuri xasiaTis samuSaos warmoadgens, magram mxolod aseTi winaswari samuSaos Sesrulebis Semdeg SeiZleba moipovos mTargmnelma `ucTomelad da gamowulilviT gamarTuli~ dedani, sadac `yovelni (sityvani) dajerebul iqnes~(Jer.43, 3r). magram efrem mciris azriT, esec araa sakmarisi imisTvis, rom mTargmneli Txzulebis qarTul enaze gadmoRebas Seudges. man unda gaarkvios, ra viTarebaa am Zeglis irgvliv qarTulSi; xom ar arsebobs misi sxva Targmanebi. efrems amis garkveva aucileblad miaGnia, `raYTa ara meored Targmnilad Seiracxos wigni ese~(Jer.16, 1r), rac, rogorc Gans, erTgvar uxerxulobasTan iyo dakavSirebuli (kekeliZe, et. II,b). `ukueTu visme pirvelad eTargmnos, meored Targmanebuli winaaRmdgomad gamoGndebis~ (Satb. kreb., 365) _aseTi iyo imdroindel mTargmnelTa literaturuli etiketi. amitomac romelime Zeglis meored Targmnis yovel konkretul faqts damajerebeli dasabuTeba sWirdeboda. efrems basili didis `asketikonis~ Targmna Seuwyvetia, roca gaugia, rom arsebobda am wignis prokopi mRvdlis mier Sesrulebuli Targmani da mxolod 12 wlis Semdeg gaugrZelebia, isic sxvaTa daJinebuli TxovniT (A689, 187r; Jordania, 1897, 39-40; xinTibiZe,1968). erTxel ukve Targmnilis xelaxla Targmnas efremi rom Tavs sagangebod aridebda, Gans `fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ miseul Targmanze darTuli erT-erTi SeniSvnidanac, romelic 67-e fsalmunis aTanasi aleqsandrieliseuli ganmartebis Targmnas Seexeba: `Targmani wmidisa aTanasesi amis fsalmunisa vinaYTgan pirvel Targmnil iyo netaris mamis daviT tbelis mier, amisTKs arRara saWiro iyo kualad TargmnaY misi~ (Q37, 282v, m. SaniZe, 1968, 122). efremis Teoriis mixedviT ukve Targmnili Txzulebis xelaxla Targmnas mTargmnelma mxolod maSin SeiZleba mohkidos xeli: a) roca Targmani Sesrulebulia ara im enidan, romelzedac Seiqmna Txzuleba. ase moiqca efremi grigol nazianzelis Txzulebis (`evnomiosTa mimarT... ~) xelmeored Targmnisas, radgan misi sityvebiT `somexisa Svilsa, berZenisa SviliSvilsaRa, nuukue da ara ueWvelsa, TKT ueWK da sakuTari Svili~ arGia (A 292, 312r; bregaZe, 1988, 175) an b) roca dedani qarTveli mTargmnelis mier Semoklebulia an - 21 - ganvrcobili da amitom Targmans is siRrme da sicxade ara aqvs, rac dedanSi hqonda. aseTi Targmanebi Tundac Rrmad pativsacem mwignobrebs, `Targmanebis wyarod da Zirad~ (Ath.18, 236) wodebul mamebs, eqvTime da giorgi aTonelebs, ekuTvnodes, mainc unda iTargmnos xelaxla, rom arc `berZnebi gvayuedrebdes~ (A292, 282v) da arc qarTvelni, `kualad Semdgomni mecnierni berZulisani~, romlebic `mabralebel gueqmnebodes gamouZiebelad dawerisaTvs sityuaTaYsa~(Jer. 16,2v). marTalia, gasworeba maswavlebelTa Targmanebisa, romelTagan `gviswavia anbani berZulisa da qarTulisaY~(Jer. 43,2r), friad saGoTiro saqmea, magram efremi imis momxrea, rom Tuki maT TargmanebSi raime aRmoGndeba `daSTomilad, anu siswrafisagan, anu dedisa da TargmanTa ver povnisagan, anu SemdgomTa gadamwerTa garyunisa~(Jer. 43,2r), is `SiSiT da ZrwoliT~ gaswordes da Tavisi, da saerTod, Semdgom mTargmnelTa muSaobis mizans xatovnad ase warmoadgens: `maTiTa Gemda datevebuliTa ketebiTa da uroebiTa maTsa aPod gakafulsa da lodovanebisagan yanobir qmnilsa Sina adgil-adgil simaSuraliTa daSTomili maTda Ziri anu klde aRmovhkafo~(Jer. 43, 2r). amasTanave, efremi Semdgomi drois mTargmnelebsac anderZad utovebs mis TargmanebSi aRmoGenili uzustobebis gasworebas: `ukueTu TKnier Surisa, krZalulebiT gamoZiebiT da WeSmaritis moyuariTa cnobiTa GemTaca vinme TargmnilTa SeamTPKos ganmarTebaY SecTomilisaY, ufalman misces sasyideli gulsmodginebisaY~ (Jer. 43, 2v), _ wers is grigol nazianzelis sadResaswaulo homiliebis krebulisaTvis daweril Sesaval werilSi (mari, 1955, 72; bregaZe, 1988, 148). II etapze, anu TviT Targmnis procesSi ki, efremis Teoriis mixedviT, mTargmnelma, romelmac kargad unda icodes `rabamobaY berZenTa da qarTvelTa enebisaY~(Jer.43, 1r), zedmiwevniTi sizuste unda daicvas. umTavresi moTxovna aq isaa, rom Txzuleba unaklulod iTargmnos `viTar igi berZulad [ars] da yovelive berZulisagan~(A292,329r). araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda Seicvalos `zedwarwerili~, anu saTauri, rasac gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs efremi, radgan aman SeiZleba gaugebroba da TxzulebaTa erTmaneTSi areva gamoiwvios. ase moxda, magaliTad, basili didis `iTikasTan~ dakavSirebiT, roca erTmaneTSi airia basilis - 22 - `moraluri wesebi~, romelsac berZnulad `iTika~ ewodeba da eqvTime aTonelis mier Targmnili homiletikur-egzegetikuri Sinaarsis krebuli, romelic qarTulad agreTve `iTikis~ saxeliTaa cnobili. rogorc basilis `asketikonis~ mkvlevarma e. xinTibiZem gaarkvia: `am or Txzulebas Soris araferia saerTo garda saxelwodebisa. erTs qarTuli saxelwodeba emTxveva meoris berZnul saxelwodebas. maTi erTmaneTSi aRrevac am niadagze unda momxdariyo~ (xinTibiZe, 1982, 184-185). amgvari gaugebrobis Tavidan acileba, efremis azriT, SeiZleba, Tuki Txzulebis zedwarwerils mTargmneli ucvlelad datovebs, gansakuTrebiT unda gafrTxildes mTargmneli, roca saqme krebulebs exeba: `amas wignsa ewodebis `filoTeon istoriaY~, romel ars RmrTismoyuarebiTi TxrobaY, rameTu viTar-igi `klemaqsa~ da `dialoRonsa~ igive berZuli saxeli uwodian qarTuladaca, egreTve amisTKs usakuTres ars wodebad `filoTeon istoriaY, ~ romeli-ese TKT aRmwerelisa amissa Teodoritesgan saxeldebul ars amisda~(A689,187r; Jordania, 1897, 40), _ SeniSnavs Teodorite kvirelis Txzulebis Targmanis winasityvaobaSi efremi. saTauris Seucvlelad Targmnis Sesaxeb msjelobs efremi ioane damaskelis `gardamocemis~ SesavalSic: `sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed `winamZRuari~ saxelad wmidisa anastasi sinelis TqumulTaTKs minaxavs berZulsa Sina, xolo amis wignisaTKs arasada, TKnier qarTulisa. amisTKs esreT jer uGndin siwmidesa Tquensa, raYTa viTar-igi zedawarwerilsa amissa Sina iTqmis, `gardamocema~ uwoddeT wignsa amas, romeli-igi berZulsa Sina esreTve warweril ars; da `winamZRuar~ masve wmidisa mamisa efTKmes Targmnilsa saxel-edeboden, rameTu TKT igi amisganve gamokrebul arso~ (A24,3r). efremi imis momxrea, rom mTargmnelma Seucvlelad gadmoiRos ara mxolod ZiriTadi teqsti dednisa, aramed is SeniSvnebic, romelic dedans axlavs aSiebze. dednisadmi aseT ukritiko damokidebulebas efremi xandaxan Secdomamde mihyavs da zogjer Txzulebis Targmnisas teqstSi Seaqvs is SeniSvna, romelic sinamdvileSi sxvas, komentators ekuTvnis (amgvari SemTxvevebi basili kesarielis `asketikonis~ TargmanSi ganxiluli aqvs e. xinTibiZes (xinTibiZe, 1968, 165-169; 1982, 163-169). - 23 - efrem mciris mTargmnelobiT TeoriaSi gaTvaliswinebulia is sirTuleebic, romelic Targmnisas sizustis damcveli mTargmnelis winaSe wamoiWreba. efremis Teoriis mixedviT, mTargmnelma `dedasa arara unda GahrTos~(Ath.18, 237), amasTanave, misive gancxadebiT `Targmans xati da moqcevi dednisaYve unda aqundes~(A689,187v), e. i. Targmanma dednis azri, siRrme da sicxade zustad da sworad unda gadmosces. amis miRweva ki ar xerxdeba ise, Tuki Targmans dednis `sityvis Zalis ganmacxadebeli~ sityva ar Seemata. `yovelsa Targmansa uPms SematebaY sityKsa, reca ganmacxadebelad Zalisa~(A24,2v), _ acxadebs efremi da radgan aseT `sityvis Zalis ganmacxadebel~ SeniSvnebs mTargmneli teqstSi ver GarTavs, is man `kideTa zeda adgil-adgil~ an `Tavsa da bolosa wignisasa~ unda daweros. TargmanisaTvis kideze adgil-adgil miwerili da wignis Tavsa da boloSi moTavsebuli mTargmnelis SeniSvnebis darTva, efrem mcires mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis aucilebel komponentad miaGnia. `sityvis Zalis gancxadebasTan~ erTad aseT SeniSvnebSi mTargmneli SeiZleba Seexos saTargmnad arGeul TxzulebasTan dakavSirebul istoriul, literaturul, filosofiur, sarwmunoebriv-Teologiur, gramatikul, miTologiur Tu sxva sakiTxs, rac efremis azriT, daainteresebs `gamomeZiebel mkiTxvels~. amitomac Targmanis amgvari komentarebiT aRWurva misi mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebaa, ris Sesaxebac aRniSnavs yvela mkvlevari, vinc ki efremis mTargmnelobiT moRvaweobas raime kuTxiT exeba. `efrems Gveuleba hqonia _TiTqmis yvela mis mier naTargmni TxzulebisaTvis arSiaze daerTo ama Tu im sityvis an adgilis ganmarteba, romelsac is `sityuadarTulobas uwodebs~, _ aRniSnavs k. kekeliZe (kekeliZe, 1980, 67). misive dakvirvebiT, `sqolioebi sazogadod sxvadasxva xasiaTisaa: gramatikuli, istoriuli, leqsikografiuli, egzegetikuri, filosofiuri da sxv. ~ (iqve, gv. 268). TargmanisaTvis mTargmnelis mier darTuli yvelanair SeniSvnas efremi mTargmnelis `mozraxuls~ uwodebs. ioane damaskelis `gardamocemis~ winasityvaobaSi efremi sagangebod msjelobs amis Sesaxeb da mis Tanamedrove Tu Semdgomi drois gadamwerebs TxovniT mimarTavs: `ukueTu amas daiwerdes, ese iRuawen, raYTa arara daaklos... arca Gemi ese - 24 - kadrebuli da mozraxuli. ara xolo Sesavalsa amas vityv, aramed kidesa warwerilTa TargmanTaca, romelTagani romelnime zepiriT dawerilnia da romelnime dedisagan~(A24,2v). imave Txovnas imeorebs efremi pavles epistoleTa Targmanebaze darTul anderZSic: `mcireTa amaT sityuaTa adgil-adgil mozraxulTa, Gem sawyaloblisa efrem mcirisaTa dawera nu gewyinebis, rameTu esreT maqunda brZanebaY, raYTa Sina araraY GavrTo, aramed kideTa zeda da Tavisa da boloYsa anderZTa Sina vikadro dawerad~(Ath.18,237); grigol nazianzelis homiliebis krebulisaTvis wamZRvarebul werilSi efremi gvixsnis, rom `mozraxvisa amis Gemisa mizezi (igulisxmeba am werilis daweris mizezi) ars gulsavse yofisa ZmaTasa wadiereba~(Jer.43,2v). efremis mier aq xmarebuli sityva `mozraxuli~ `zraxva~ zmnidan nawarmoebi vnebiTi gvaris mimReobaa. am zmnis ZiriTad mniSvnelobebs Soris i. abulaZe ufro gavrcelebul `azrTan~ da `fiqrTan~ erTad asaxelebs `axsna-ganmartebasac~. `zraxva _ azri, fiqri, zrunva, `ganzraxva~, rGeva, axsna-ganmarteba~(abulaZe, 1973, 167) da iqve mohyavs ipolite romaelis `qronikonidan~ erTi adgili, sadac `zraxva~ aSkarad axsna-ganmartebis mniSvnelobiTaa naxmari: `GuenebaY ixila nabuqodonosor da zraxvaY igi hkiTxa qaldevelTa~ (abulaZe, 1961, 238). am zmnidan nawarmoeb mraval formaTa Soris i. abulaZis leqsikonSi `mozraxuli~ Setanili ar aris, magram is ganmarteba rac `zraxvas~ Seexeba da efrem mciris zemoT dasaxelebuli anderZebis konteqsti saSualebas gvaZlevs zustad ganvmartoT am sityvis mniSvneloba. `mozraxuli~ _ esaa nafiqri, naazrevi, axsna-ganmartebis mizniT dawerili ram. `mozraxuli~ ganmartebulia rogorc `naTqvami~ z. sarjvelaZis `Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikonSi (sarjvelaZe, 1995, 132). amdenad efremis, rogorc mTargmnelis, `kadrebuli da mozraxuli~ misi naazrevia, mis mier mkiTxvelisTvis miwodebuli axsna-ganmartebaa. `mTargmnelis mozraxuli~ efremis anderZebis mixedviT erTgvari terminia, romelic aerTianebs mTargmnelis mier saTargmni Txzulebis gamo xelnaweris sxvadasxva adgilze gakeTebul yvela saxis komentars: aSiaze miweril sqolioebs, wignis TavSi moTavsebul winasityvaobas da boloSi darTul anderZs. - 25 - efremis mTargmnelobiTi Teoriis mixedviT TargmanisaTvis `mTargmnelis mozraxulis~ darTva aucilebelia. amasTanave, mkacrad unda iqnes daculi wesi maTi gadawerisa. isini `Sigan gaurevlad~ unda daiweros; `yovlad ujero ars visganme kidesa warwerilisa mis Targmanisa Sigan gareviT daweraY, aramed kidesa warweraY, viTarca `viswaveT Guen ese oTxasocTa maTgan wignTa Teofile patriarqisa mier sKmeonwmidas SewirulTa... ~(A24, 2v). efremis `mozraxulis~ kvlevis istoria. efrem mciris mozraxuli komentarebi da anderZebi imTaviTve ipyrobdnen mecnierTa yuradRebas. jer kidev Tedo Jordaniam, romelmac mravali Zveli qarTuli xelnaweris aRweriloba da mokle analizic mogvca, Tavis `qronikebSi~ TiTqmis srulad gamoaqveyna efremis mier Targmnil Txzulebebze darTuli yvela anderZi, rac ki mas hqonda xelT da im sqolioTa erTi nawili, rac, misi azriT, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebda(Jordania, 1892, 217-218; Jordania, 1897, 39-40, 40-42, 166-167, 203, 214, 215, 216, 237-38, 220, 223-225, 221-227). man gamoaqveyna Teodorite kvirelis `filoTeon istoriis~ da basili didis `asketikonze~ darTuli mTargmnelis SeniSvnebis erTi nawilic A689 xelnaweris mixedviT (Jordania, 1897, 40-42), `samociqulos Targmanebis~ sqolioebis nawili da dionise areopagelis TxzulebaTa Targmanze darTuli mTargmnelis ganmartebani (Jordania, 1903, 381-383). 1910 wels k. kekeliZem gamosca efrem mciris erT-erTi vrceli `mozraxuli~ `mosaPsenebeli mcire sKmeonisTKs loRoTetisa da TxrobaY mizezTa amaT sakiTxavTa TargmnisaTa~ (kekeliZe, et. V, a, 223-226), romelsac vrceli gamokvlevac axlavs rusul enaze (iqve, gv. 212-223). efremis sqolioebsa da anderZebs eyrdnoboda mkvlevari Zveli qarTuli saeklesio mwerlobis araerTi sakiTxis garkvevisas Tavis naSromSi `Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria~(kekeliZe, 1980, 61, 101-102, 170, 171, 179, 191, 192, 193, 199, 201, 202, 206, 207, 226, 227, 233, 247). 1926 wels robert bleikma Jurnal `mimomxilvelSi~ gamoaqveyna efrem mciris Targmnil `samociqulos Targmanebaze~ darTuli anderZi erTi ierusalimuri xelnaweris mixedviT (bleiki1926), romelic Semdeg n. maris ierusalimis - 26 - xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi (mari, 1955, 55-63) da i. abulaZis mier gamocemul `saqme mociqulTaSic~ (saqm. mociq., 1950, 029-031) daibeWda. `saqme mociqulTaze~ darTul gamokvlevaSi i. abulaZe efremis Targmanebis aSiebze moTavsebul ramdenime sqoliosac Seexo (gv. 012-013). mogvianebiT efremis Targmnil `samociqulos Targmanebaze~ darTuli mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi sagangebod Seiswavla k. daneliam (danelia, 1982, 328-335). 1959 wels e. metrevelma naSromSi `efrem mciris avtografi~ (metreveli, 1959) pirvelad dabeWda efremis avtograful xelnawerSi (S1276) daculi mTargmnelis ramdenime `Seiswave~ da anderZ-minaweri. imave wels T. bregaZem gamosca efremis originaluri istoriuli Sroma `uwyebaY mizezsa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa, Tu romelTa wignTa Sina moiPsenebis~ (efrem mcire, 1959) masze darTuli sqolioebiTurT. 1961 wels s. enuqiSvilma gamosca fsevdodionise areopagelis TxzulebaTa efrem mciriseuli Targmani (petre iberieli, 1961) da masze darTuli mTargmnelis komentarebic (gv. 261-263), Tumca sagangebo msjeloba efremis komentarTa Sesaxeb gamokvlevaSi, romelic am wigns uZRvis win, ara gvaqvs (gv. 015-0199). 1966 wels gamovida r. miminoSvilis wigni `ioane damaskelis `gardamocemis~ qarTuli Targmanebi~ (miminoSvili, 1966), sadac erTi Tavi eTmoba am Txzulebis efremiseul Targmanze darTul mTargmnelis sqolioebis analizs (gv. 116-143). 1968 wels daibeWda e. xinTibiZis monografia `basili kapadokielis `samoRvaweo wignis~ qarTuli redaqciebi~ (xinTibiZe, 1968), romlis erTi Tavi mkvlevarma `asketikonis~ efremiseul Targmanze darTul istoriul-filologiur, teqstualuri, sarwmunoebriv-Teologiuri da leqsikuri xasiaTis sqolioebis Seswavlas miuZRvna (gv. 158-175). manve aRniSna, rom `es sqolioebi, romlebic dRemde qarTvelologiaSi Seuswavleli iyo, uaRresad saintereso cnobebs iZleva rogorc efrem mciris msoflmxedvelobisa da mecnierul-mTargmnelobiTi muSaobis, aseve qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriis Sesaxeb. am sqolioebis mniSvneloba qarTuli mwerlobis istoriisaTvis Zalze didia~ (xinTi- 27 - biZe, 1968, 175). imave 1968 wels m. SaniZem gamosca sruli teqsti efrem mciris fsalmunTa Targmanebis Sesavlisa, romelic efremis `mozraxulTagan~ yvelaze vrcelia da amave dros gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis mqonec (SaniZe, 1968, 77-122), fsalmunTa Targmanebis Sesavlis teqstis nawili am TxzulebisTvis daweril efremis anderZTan erTad pirvelad e. TayaiSvilma gamoaqveyna 1914 w. (TayaiSvili, 1914, 243263), xolo `Sesavlis~ bolo nawili erTi ierusalimuri xelnaweris (#1) mixedviT aRadgina r. bleikma da dabeWda Jurnal `mimomxilvelSi~ (bleiki, 1926, 159-160) 1926 wels. m. SaniZis gamocemaSi, romelsac axlavs gamomcemlis vrceli gamokvleva, garda imisa, rom teqsti sruladaa warmodgenili, gaTvaliswinebulia yvela nusxis Gveneba da teqsti kritikuladaa dadgenili. 1976 wels m. rafavam gamosca ioane damaskelis `dialeqtikis~ qarTuli Targmanebis teqsti (ioane damaskeli, 1976), romelsac daurTo vrceli gamokvleva da leqsikoni. teqstis gamomcemelma dabeWda `dialeqtikis~ erT-erTi mTargmnelis efrem mciris Sesavali werili da sqolioebic, romelic xelnaweris kideebze mouTavsebia mTargmnels. `dialeqtikis~ winasityvaoba adrec iyo gamocemuli T. Jordanias (Jordania, 1892, gv. 215-219) da e. TayaiSvilis (TayaiSvili, 1902, gv. 710-717) mier. efremis mier Targmnil agiografiul Txzulebebze darTuli komentarebis erTi nawili am Txzulebebis teqstTan erTad gamoaqveyna n. goguaZem `metafrasul krebulSi~ (goguaZe, 1986). grigol nazianzelis Txzulebebis Targmanze darTuli efremis anderZebi da sqolioebis didi nawili Sesulia T. bregaZis mier Sedgenil `grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi~ (bregaZe, 1988). efremis mier Targmnili fsevdonones miTologiuri komentarebi da mTargmneliseuli GanarTebi am TxzulebaSi Seiswavla T. oTxmezurma (oTxmezuri, 1989). efremis calkeuli SeniSvnebi gamoqveynebulia misi Targmanebis Semcveli xelnawerebis aRwerilobebSi, magram zogjer arazustad da arasrulad. aRwerilobebSi xSirad mxolod miTiTebulia, rom ama Tu im xelnawers axlavs mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi, `Seiswaveebi~. - 28 - efrem mciris sxvadasxva Targmanebze darTuli mravali sqolio, gansakuTrebiT leqsikografiuli da gramatikuli xasiaTisa da teqstSive mocemuli mTargmneliseuli ganmartebebi, Seiswavla z. sarjvelaZem, romelmac Tavisi wignis `qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriis Sesavali~ IX TavSi (`qarTuli enaTmecnieruli azris istoriis saTaveebTan~) (sarjvelaZe, 1984, 198-252) sxva mTargmnelTa SeniSvnebTan erTad ganixila efrem mciris mravali leqsikografiuli da gramatikuli xasiaTis komentari, mogvca maTi mniSvnelobis Sefaseba da gansazRvra efremis adgili qarTuli gramatikuli azrovnebis istoriaSi. Zveli xelnawerebidan mis mier amokrebili mravali aqamde ucnobi SeniSvnidan gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania isini, sadac efremi msjelobs saliteraturo (`wignuri~) da arasaliteraturo (`sofluri~) formebis urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb, gvaZlevs ama Tu im sityvis gramatikul formaTa analizs, Semoaqvs zogierTi axali gramatikuli termini, cdilobs berZnuli da qarTuli enis TaviseburebebiT gamowveuli sxvaobis axsnas. mkvlevarma xazgasmiT aRniSna efremis mravalricxovani leqsikografiuli xasiaTis SeniSvnebis mniSvneloba qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriisa da qarTuli leqsikografiis istoriis Sesaswavlad (sarjvelaZe, 1984, 199-200). efremis sqolioebi da gansakuTrebiT anderZebi fasdaudebel cnobebs Seicavs Savi mTis mwignobruli keris istoriis Sesaswavlad. arsebiTad efrem mciris `mozraxuli~ warmoadgens safuZvels l. menabdisaTvis Savi mTis literaturuli skolis istoriis warmosaGenad (menabde, 1980). misi wignis `Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis kerebi~ im nawilSi, romelic Savi mTis savaneebs exeba, mkvlevari aanalizebs efremis mraval anderZsa da `Seiswaves~ da maTi gaTvaliswinebiT axasiaTebs Savi mTis savaneSi moRvawe mravali qarTveli mwignobris saqmianobas. efrem mciris calkeul sqolioebsa da anderZebs ganixilaven i. lolaSvili (lolaSvili, 1967, 214-220; 1972; 1973; 1982), e. nikolaZe (nikolaZe, 1959), e. xinTibiZe (xinTibiZe, 1982, 171, 173, 176-186, 230-238), g. gozaliSvili (gozaliSvili, 1965), n. maxaraZe (maxaraZe, 1986), l. daTiaSvili (daTiaSvili, 1984), T. kukava (kukava, 1988), m. rafava (rafava, 1990, a, b; 1991; 1995), q. bezaraSvili (bezaraSvili, 1989, a, b; 1995, - 29 - a, b: 1999; 2001; 2002; 2003; 2004), T. oTxmezuri (oTxmezuri, 1986; 1992; 1995; 1997; 1998; 2001; 2004; 2009), g. alibegaSvili (g. alibegaSvili, 1989), e. WeliZe (WeliZe, 1994; 1995; 1996; 1999), a. WumburiZe ( WumburiZe, 1999; 2001) da sxv. xelnaweris kideebze darTuli mTargmnelis SeniSvnebis Seswavlas did mniSvnelobas aniWebda iv. javaxiSvili, romlis azriT, momavalSi qarTuli xelnawerebis Seswavlas unda gamoemJRavnebina qarTvel mTargmnelTa araerTi SeniSvna, romelsac qarTuli enaTmecnieruli azris istoriisaTvis eqneboda garkveuli mniSvneloba. `TviT is calkeuli gramatikuli dakvirvebani, romelnic efTvme da giorgi mTawmidelebs, efrem mcires, arseni iyalToels da sxvebsac sqolioebisa Tu kidurwerilobis saxiT moepovebaT, jer aravis amoukrefia da gamouqveynebia. amitom im sagulisxmo sakiTxis gasaTvaliswineblad, Tu ra Tvisebisa da Rirebulebisa iyo Zvel qarTvel mecnierTa qarTuli da berZnuli enebis rabamobis codna, jer TiTqmis araviTari masalebi ar mogvepoveba~ (javaxiSvili, 1937, 4), _ werda iv. javaxiSvili 1937 wels. marTalia, mas Semdeg, rogorc zemoTac davinaxeT, am kuTxiT seriozuli muSaoba iqna Gatarebuli, magram sruli saxiT warmodgenili, erTad Tavmoyrili qarTvel mTargmnelTa SeniSvnebi da anderZebi dRemde ara gvaqvs. efremis Targmanebis Semcvel xelnawerebSi, rogorc didi mecnieri varaudobda, marTlac uaRresad didi mniSvnelobis masala aRmoGnda ara marto qarTvel mTargmnelTa qarTuli da berZnuli enebis rabamobis codnis Sesaxeb, rasac gansakuTrebiT usvamda xazs iv. javaxiSvili, aramed qarTuli da bizantiuri literaturis mraval sakiTxzec. efremis kolofonebsa da sqolioebs garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvT qarTul-bizantiuri literaturuli urTierTobebis, zogjer bizantiuri literaturis istoriis konkretuli sakiTxis dasaszusteblad. isini gvawvdian saintereso cnobebs TviTon efremis mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis Sesaxeb, mis winamorbed da Tanamedrove mTargmnelebze, gviqmnian warmodgenas im kulturul garemoze, romelSic moRvaweobdnen efrem mcire da sxva SavmTeli mTargmnelebi. efremi Tavisi `mozraxuliT~ warmogvidgeba rogorc mecnieri mTargmneli, dakvirvebuli teqstologi, filologi da filosofosi, berZnuli miTologiisa da istoriis Ses- 30 - aniSnavi mcodne. Gveni naSromi mokrZalebuli cdaa qarTvel mTargmnelTa erT-erTi saukeTeso warmomadgenlis efrem mciris `mozraxuli~ kolofonebisa da komentarebis Tavmoyrisa da Seswavlisa (wignSi qveyndeba efremis yvela anderZi da Sesavali werili). komentatorul saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi termini da naTargmni Txzulebis komentirebis efrem mciriseuli principebi. Zvel qarTul xelnawerebSi komentatorul saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime termini gvxvdeba. kerZod: `aSia~//arSia, `kide~, `kiduri~, `kideTa warwerili~, `sxolio~, `mkKdri~, `danaSTeni mkKdrisaY~, `pativi~, `Seiswave~, `Targmani~, `mTargmnelis mozraxuli~, `anderZi~, `winabWe~, `garemowera~, ` moTxviTad wera~, `kimen-sxolioni~, `marTlgawyoba~, `Targmani~, `Targmaniani~, `iota~, `usakuTresi~, `gansazRvrebaY~ `ganGinebaY~, samecnieroY~ `Suenieri~, `ixile~ da sxv. (javaxiSvili, 1949, 64; surgulaZe, 1978, 60-64, 73-79). nusxebSi SemorGenilia mTargmnelTa Tu gadamwerTa mier xelnaweris aSiebze moTavsebuli sxvadasxva daniSnulebis, gansxvavebuli konfiguraciis paleografiuli niSnebic, (isrebi, jvrebi, varskvlavebi, sxvadasxva geometriuli figurebi, astrologiuri da alqimiuri niSnebi), romlebic gansakuTrebiT xSirad gvxvdeba komentarebian xelnawerebSi (qajaia, 1969). Zvel xelnawerebs am niSanTa erTi nawilis saxelebic Semounaxavs, xolo nawilis Sesaxeb ki TiTqmis araferi viciT. bizantiuri mwerlobis Zeglebis erT-erTi yvelaze nayofieri mTargmnel-komentatoris efrem mciris Targmanebis Semcveli xelnawerebis Seswavlam da maTze darTul `mTargmnelis mozraxulSi~ daculma zogierTma cnobam saSualeba mogvca dagvezustebina komentatorul saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi paleografiuli terminis mniSvneloba da, amasTanave, dagvedgina is ZiriTadi principebi, romliTac xelmZRvanelobda efremi Targmanis komentirebisas. uwinares yovlisa, Gveni yuradReba miiqcia efremis kolofonebSi dadasturebulma orma paleografiulma terminma: `pativi~ da `kide~. ioane damaskelis `gardamocemis~ winasityvaobaSi efremi wers: `... viTarca viswaveT - 31 - Guen ese oTxas ocTa maTgan wignTa Teodore patriarqisa mier sKmeonwmidas SewirulTa, romelTa Sina araraY hrTavs sagalobeli, TKnier yovelnive sakiTxavni arian _ gareSeni da saeklesioni da saWiroYsa sityKsa Targmani pativTa zeda wignisaTa uweria, xolo `Seiswaveni~ da `gansazRvrebaY~ `ganGinebiTurT~ da `samecnieroY ese~ ara oden amas wignsa, aramed yovelTave wignTa berZnulTa uwerian kidesa, raYTa raJams samecnierosa rasme sityuasa eZiebdes vinme, advilad povos da ara uPmdes mimyovrebuli Jami, anu yovelsave gardakiTxvaY~(A24, 3r; damaskeli, 1976, 68, damaskeli, 2000, 23). terminebis `pativis~ da `kidis~ Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi ramdenime mosazrebaa gamoTqmuli. ivane javaxiSvilis azriT, `pativi~ asonaklebobis aRmniSvneli niSnis saxelia: `asos an marcvlis naklebobis maGvenebel niSans `pativi~ an `qaragma~ ewodeboda (javaxiSvili, 1949, 137). misi azriT, efrem mciris zemoT moyvanili anderZis im nawilSi, sadac es terminia naxmari, gadamwerebs Secdoma dauSviaT: `winadadeba vgoneb gadamwerTagan damaxinjebuli unda iyos da dedanSi albaT ase ewereboda `pativiTa kideTa zeda wignisaTa uweriao~. erTi sityviT, efrem mcires undoda eTqva, rom berZnul xelnawerebSi ganmartebas kideebze werdnen daqaragmebuli sityviT~ (javaxiSvili, 1949, 138). iv. javaxiSvili am sityvas sparsuli warmoSobis sityvad miiGnevs, romelic `Tavsakravs~, ukeT `Sublsakravs~ aRniSnavs SemdegSi ki Tanamdebobasac (iqve, gv. 138; 1982; 262-264). `pativi sparsuli sityvaa da Tavsakravsa da Tanamdebobas niSnavda. somxurSic Semosuli iyo, sadac qarTulis msgavsad, sxvaTa Soris, sityvis Semoklebis niSansac ewodeboda~, _ SeniSnavs igi (javaxiSvili, 1949, 138). termin `kides~ Sesaxeb ki mkvlevari wers: `kide Zvelad ewodeboda teqstis oTxive mxriv dauwerel zolebs... SemdgomSi qarTul mwerlobaSi `kides~ magier terminad `arSia~ Semodis~ (iqve, gv. 64). termin `pativis~ mniSvneloba sagangebod Seiswavla T. xaJomiam (xaJomia, 1953, 221-227), romelmac efrem mciris am anderZisa da vanis saxarebis anderZis monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sadac es termini aseT konteqstSia: `aw vinca swerdeT, viTa aqa pooT egre dawereT wentiliTa da pativTa zeda meoriTa sityKTa~(A1335,266), daadgina, rom `pativi~ - 32 - qaragmis aRmniSvneli termini ar aris da efremis `pativTa zeda~ niSnavs `aSiaTa zedas~, `pativi ki udris aSias~ (xaJomia, 1953, 226). oRond mcire sxvaoba am or sityvas Soris, misi azriT, mainc SeiniSneba: `pativi igive aSiaa... mxolod mcire niuansiT, romelSic SesaZlebelia zemo da qvemo aSiebi igulisxmebodes ise rogorc vanis saxarebaSia es TvalsaGinod warmodgenili, xolo `kide~ udrides aswvriv zols, romelic xelnaweris svetebs Sorisaa moTavsebuli da mis kideebs asdevs~, _SeniSnavs sqolioSi mkvlevari. `pativi~ rom xelnaweris aSiis zeda da qveda nawilis aRmniSvneli paleografiuli terminia, amis Sesaxeb varauds mkvlevari naSromis daskvnaSic gamoTqvams: `amrigad, pativi orive teqstis mixedviT (efremis winasityvaoba da vanis saxarebis anderZi d. T.) xelnaweris aSias (SesaZlebelia mxolod zemo da qvemo aSias) ewodeboda~ (xaJomia, 1969, 227). ganxilul terminebs exeba m. surgulaZec naSromSi `Zveli qarTuli paleografiuli terminebi~ (surgulaZe, 1978), `kidis~ miseuli ganmarteba iv. javaxiSvilisas eyrdnoba: `kide ZiriTadi teqstis SemomsazRvrel dauwerel zolebs ewodeboda~ (gv. 60), xolo `pativis~ ganmartebisas mkvlevari T. xaJomias gamokvlevis gaTvaliswinebiT SeniSnavs, rom `pativi niSnavs aSias, kides (kerZod, gverdis zeda da qveda kideebs) da am mniSvnelobiT esmis igi efrem mciresac~. sityva `pativs~ wignis kidis aRmniSvnelad miiGnevda i. abulaZec (abulaZe, 1973, 338). misi ganmarteba efuZvneba A484 xelnaweris (alaverdis oTxTavi) gadamweris anderZs: `ganTesulni arRara davweren... pativica wignisa dauSuerdeboda~(A484,10r). termini `pativi~, zemoT aRniSnuli `gardamocemis~ winasityvaobis garda, kidev orjer gvxvdeba efrem mciris anderZSi, romelic pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis Semcvel aTonur (#18) xelnawerSia daculi (TvalTvaZe, 1988, 220221). am anderZSi efremi aRniSnavs, rom mas pavles epistoleTa komentarebis Targmnisas dednad gamouyenebia ioane oqropiris Targmanebis mixedviT kirile aleqsandrielis mier katenuri wesiT Sedgenili Txzuleba, sadac kimenuri teqsti xelnaweris SuaSi iyo naweri, xolo epistoleTa muxlebis ganmartebebi ki xelnaweris aSiaze oTxive mxares iyo moTavsebuli. efremi aseTi wesiT weras `garemoweras~ an `moTxviTad~ weras uwodebs (iqve, gv. 221). - 33 - efremis sityviT, `visme moswrafesa eTxova didisa kKrilesgan, raYTa pativTa zeda samociqulosa wignisaTa waruweros Semoklebuli Zili sityKsaY, raYTa aqundes mas erT wignad pavle Targmniani~(Ath.18,236). aq `pativTa zeda~ komentarebis warwera aSkarad gulisxmobs `aSiaTa zeda~ maT moTavsebas. cota qvemoT efremi agrZelebs: `vinaYTagan garemowerili igi pativTa da ricxuTa saZiebeli saeklesiod sakiTxavad da sawereladac Znel iyo, amisTKs viTa TKT wmidisa ioane oqropiris didTa TargmanTa Sina ars marTlgawyobil, egreT umjobesad wames berTa GuenTa da igi moTxviTad mowerili kKriles mier marTlgavawyveT uadvilesobad mweralTa da mkiTxvelTa~ (Ath.18, 237; TvalTvaZe, 1988, 221). vfiqrobT, am konteqstSi termin `pativis~ mniSvneloba naTelia. is ar SeiZleba niSnavdes xelnaweriis aSiis mxolod zemo da qvemo nawils, rogorc varaudobda T. xaJomia, radgan `moTxviTad wera~ da `garemowera~, rogorc TviTon sityvebic migvaniSneben, oTxive mxares daweras niSnavs. `moTxviTi~- oTxkuTxi, asea ganmartebuli es sityva leqsikonebSi (saba, 1991, 498; abulaZe, 1973, 264; cqitiSvili, 1976, 315). efrems saTargmnad SerGeuli Txzulebis iseTi dedani hqonia xelT, romelSic `pavles~ teqstSi `ganukveTavad~ e. i. gabmiT iyo naweri xelnaweris SuaSi, xolo ganmartebebi ki aSiebze iyo moTavsebuli. magram Tavisi moZRvrebis, saba Tuxarelisa da antoni tbelis rGeviT, efrems amgvarad `moTxviTad mowerili~ Targmaneba pavles epistoleebisa `marTlgauwyvia~, e. i. `pativTa zeda~ moTavsebuli ganmarteba-komentarebi `pavles~ Sesabamisi muxlis Semdeg dauweria. amis umTavres mizezad efremi asaxelebs imas, rom aseTi `moTxviTad mowerili~ wignebi `saeklesiod sakiTxavad Znel-iyo~. amasTanave, sirTuleebs awydebodnen gadamwerebic (`sawereladaca Znel-iyo~), romlebsac pativTa zeda warwerili Targmanebis anu komentarebis `ricxuTa saZiebeli~ SeiZleboda areodaT (TvalTvaZe, 1988, 221). amitomac uzrunia efrems da `uadvilesobad mweralTa da mkiTxvelTa~ marTlgauwyvia pavles Targmanebani. cxadia, efremi aq e. w. katenuri xasiaTis Sromaze saubrobs, romelSic, rogorc wesi, gansamartavi teqsti, anu kimeni oTxive mxridan garSemortymulia komentarebiT. - 34 - amdenad, efremis `pativTa zeda~, ra Tqma unda, aSias, anu xelnaweris oTxive mxares dauwerelad darGenil nawils gulisxmobs da ara mxolod mis zeda da qveda mxares. amasTanave, `pativi~, rom aSiis mxolod zeda da qveda nawili iyos, maSin, `gardamocemis~ winasityvaobis mixedviT, sadac efremi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom `saWiroYsa sityKsa Targmani pativTa zeda weriao~, aseTi Znelad gasagebi (`saWiro~) sityvebis ganmarteba xelnaweris mxolod zeda da qveda aSiaze unda iyos moTavsebuli, mraval xelnawerSi ki aseTi ganmartebebi, zeda da qveda aSiis garda, naweris marjvniv da marcxniv dauwerelad darGenil adgilebzecaa miwerili, rasac Gveulebriv kides uwodeben xolme. aseTi SeniSvnebi gvaqvs: A 16,24,62,109,110,132,137,154,217, 689,1115, H 194, S 1276, Ath.18, Jer.9,13,15,23,43 da sxva mraval xelnawerSi, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom `pativi~ igive aSiaa da niSnavs xelnaweris irgvliv oTxive mxares ZiriTadi teqstis SemomsazRvrel Tavisuflad darGenil dauwerel zolebs. termini `aSia~//`arSia~ efremis `mozraxulSi~ ar gvxvdeba. rogorc iv. javaxiSvili miuTiTebda, is SedarebiT gvian damkvidrda xelnaweris im nawilis aRmniSvnelad, rasac Gveulebriv `kides~ uwodebdnen (javaxiSvili, 1949, 64). efremis anderZSi es terminic gvxvdeba ramdenjerme da ZiriTadad aSiis mniSvnelobiT: `ara xolo Sesavalsa amas vityK, aramed kidesa warwerilTa TargmanTaca; romelTagani romelnime zepiriT dawerilnia da romelime dedisagan~(A24,2v; damaskeli, 1976, 67; damaskeli, 2000, 23). aq `kide~ aSkarad aSiis sinonimia. `kide~ aSiis mniSvnelobiTaa naxmari Semdeg konteqstSic: `yovlad ujero ars visganme kidesa warwerilisa mis Targmanisa Sigan gareviT daweraY, aramed kidesa warweraY (A24,3r; damaskeli, 1976, 68; damaskeli, 2000, 24). `ukueTu raYme Zalisa ganmacxadebeli uPmdes Guensa enasa, igi kidesa zeda adgil-adgil... davwero~ (A24,3r; damaskeli, 1976, 67; damaskeli, 2000, 24) `raYTa Sina araraY GavrTo, aramed kideTa zeda da Tavisa da boloYsa anderZTa Sina vikadro dawerad~ (Ath. 18, 238; TvalTvaZe, 1988, 221). yvela zemoT moyvanil konteqstSi `kide~ aSiis mniSvnelobiTaa naxmari da masze, iseve rogorc `pativTa zeda~, iwereba mTargmnelis SeniSvna-ganmartebebi. aqedan SeiZleba gavakeToT aseTi daskvna: dRevandeli aSiis mniSvnelobiT efrem mcire Tavis - 35 - `mozraxulSi~ xmarobs or termins: `pativi~ da `kide~. umeteswilad isini sinonimebia. `pativi~ udris `kides~. `pativTa zeda warwerili saWiroYsa sityKs Targmani~ da `kideTa zeda adgil-adgil warwerili Targmani~ efremis mraval anderZSi uTuod xelnaweris erTsa da imave adgils gulisxmos _ ZiriTadi teqstis garSemo Tavisufal adgils anu aSias. magram `gardamocemis~ Targmanze darTul zemoT moyvanil winasityvaobaSi terminebi `pativi~ da `kide~ aSkarad upirispirdeba erTmaneTs. mTargmnelis TqmiT, `pativTa zeda~ weria `saWiroYsa sityKs Targmani~, xolo `kideTa zeda~ _ `Seiswave~, `gansazRvrebaY~, `ganGinebaY~, da `samecnieroY~. am konsteqstSi `pativi~ da `kide~ sinonimebi ar arian. pativi niSnavs aSias, xelnaweris im nawils, sadac mTargmnelis ganmartebebi iwereba, kide ki misgan gansxvavebuli nawilia xelnaweris gverdisa. sagulisxmoa am mxriv `samociqulos Targmanebze~ darTuli mTargmnelis anderZ-winasityvaoba, sadac efremi wers: `eseviTari sityuani sadaca Semicvalebian, kidesa stiqonisasa iotaY damisuams da Sina sityuasa winaYT ese, viTarmed `usakuTresi esreT~. aw ukuH sadaca kidesa stiqonisasa anu sityvasa zeda iotaY hpoo da sityuaTa Tana `usakuTresi~, can, viTarmed mcired cvalebaY hnebebia mas sityuasa, romeligi wmidasa mamasa Guensa giorgis ara egoden sxKsa raYsme mizezisagan, raoden ZuHlisa pavlisa wayolisagan dauteobia... ~(Jer.161r; mari, 1955, 57). rogorc k. daneliam gaarkvia (danelia, 1974; danelia, 1982, 341-342), `iota~ da `usakuTresi~ efrem mciris mier giorgi aTonelis Targmnili `samociqulos~ redaqtirebisas gamoyenebuli pirobiTi niSnebia, amaTgan `iota~ (Ϟ) daismis xelnaweris kideze, ufro zustad im striqonis gaswvriv, romelSic raime Secvlilia giorgiseul TargmanSi da Tanac aRniSnulia `usakuTres esreT ariso~, anu _ ase umjobesia, konteqts ase ufro Seesabamebao. efremis am anderZSi xazgasmulia, rom `iota~`kidesa stiqonisasa~ daismis. `kide~ aq aSiis mniSvnelobiT araa naxmari, radgan striqonis kided SeiZleba mxolod is viwro zoli miviGnioT, romelic uSualod nawers asdevs gverdiT da ara naweris irgvliv darGenili mTeli aSia. aseTive mniSvneloba aqvs `kides~ `gardamocemis~ winasityvaobaSic. `Seiswaveni~, `gansazRvrebaY~, `ganGinebaY~ da - 36 - samecnieroY~ `iotas~ msgavsi pirobiTi niSnebia, romlebic `kidesa stiqonisasa~, anu naweris gaswvriv aSiis im nawilSi keTdeba, romelic uSualod teqsts asdevs. am SemTxvevaSi termin `kides~ ufro viwro mniSvneloba aqvs, vidre im konteqstebSi, sadac is aSias aRniSnavs. viwro gagebiT `kideze~ (`kidesa stiqonisasa~) keTdeba sagangebo aRniSvnebi komentatorisa, mTargmnelisa Tu gadamwerisa, romlebic teqstis romelime nawilis an konkretuli sityvis vizualurad gamokveTas isaxavs miznad. farTo gagebiT `kideze~, rac `pativis~ sinonomia (e. i. udris aSias) ki `saWiroYsa sityKs Targmani~ iwereba, anu komentatoris, mTargmnelis Tu gadamweris, sityvieri komentari, ganmarteba Tavsdeba. efrem mcire `gardamocemis~ winasityvaobis im nawilSi, sadac xelnaweris kideebze miweril `Seiswaves~, `gansazRvrebas~, `ganGinebas~ da `samecnieros~ ganasxvavebs `pativTa zeda~ miwerili `saWiroYsa sityKsa Targmanisgan~, faqtobrivad Txzulebis komentirebis or ZiriTad saxes gamoyofs. erTia sityvieri komentari, romelSic teqstTan dakavSirebuli mravali sakiTxi SeiZleba iyos ganxiluli (`saWiroYsa sityKs Targmani~, romelic `pativTa zeda~ iwereba) da meorea TvalsaGinoebiTi komentari, teqstis ama Tu im adgilis vizualurad gamosayofad, misaniSneblad gamiznul pirobiT niSnebi, romlebic `kidesa stiqonisasa~ daismis. `saWiroYsa sityKs gamosaTargmaneblad~ gankuTvnili adgili anu `pativi~ da aSia xSirad, roca komentari vrceli araa da imave gverdze Tavsdeba, erTmaneTs emTxveva. amitomacaa efremis anderZSi `pativi~ aSiis sinonimi, magram roca komentari vrcelia da imave gverdze ar eteva, `pativi~ aSias ar udris. m. surgulaZe uTiTebs erT-erT xelnawers (Q105), romlis gadamweri SeniSnavs: `ese qaRaldi misTKs davagde, dedas asre sWirda da TTuenis dasawyisis pativi ars~ . surgulaZe, 1978, 61). `TTuenis dasawyisis pativi, `TTvenis~ dasawyisis komentarisaTvis gankuTvnili adgilia, romelic sididis gamo xelnaweris im gverdis aSiaze ver dateula da meore gverdic dauWeria. rogorc m. surgulaZe aRniSnavs, `xelnawerSi am warweras mosdevs sruliad dauwereli gverd-naxevari. ase rom pativi am SemTxvevaSi niSnavs ara mxolod kides, aramed saerTod dauwerel Tavisufal adgils~ (surgulaZe, 1978, 61). mkvlevaris am savsebiT swor - 37 - daskvnas Gveni mxriT mxolod imas davZendiT, rom SesaZloa `pativi~ sagangebod komentaris dasawerad gankuTvnili adgilis aRmniSvneli termini iyos, rasac gvafiqrebinebs am sityvis Tavdapirveli Sinaarsic. paleografiuli terminis mniSvnelobiT am sityvis xmarebis sul ramdenime SemTxvevaa dadasturebuli: `gardamocemis~ efremiseuli Targmanis winasityvaobaSi (A24, 3r), vanis saxarebis anderZSi, (A1335, 266v); Q105 xelnaweris gadamweris anderZSi, romelsac ganixilavs m. surgulaZe alaverdis oTxTavis (A484) gadamweris anderZSi, romelsac imowmebs i. abulaZe Tavis `Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikonSi~ am sityvis ganmartebisas da Ath.18 xelnawerSi dacul pavles epistoleTa Targmanebze darTul efremis anderZSi, sadac orjer vxvdebiT am termins. yvela zemoT GamoTvlil SemTxvevaSi `pativi~ aRniSnavs xelnaweris gverdis garkveul nawils. rogorc miuTiTeben, `pativi~ sparsuli warmoSobis sityvaa (javaxiSvili, 1949, 138; 1982, 262-264; xaJomia, 1969, 227; surgulaZe, 1978, 60; andronikaSvili, 1966) da niSnavs Tavsaburavs, Sublsakravs. gviandel sparsulSi Tanamdebobis aRmniSvneli terminicaa. Tavsaxuravis mniSvnelobiT es sityva Zvel qarTul werilobiT ZeglebSic gvxvdeba. kerZod, ieremias winaswarmetyvelebis qarTuli Targmanis erT-erT XI saukunis ierusalimur nusxaSi: `da pativni da aRsapyrobelni da gKrgKni... wariRes~ (danelia, 1992, 214), xolo gelaTur xelnawerSi sityva `pativi~ Secvlilia misi sinonimiT `xKrebiT~: da xKrebi da sapyrobileebi da gKrgKni... warixunes~. sabas ganmartebiT `xKri samRvdelo Tavsaxuravia~ (saba, 1993, 436). rogorc Gans, is sityva, romelic Tavisuflad Secvales gelaTur bibliaSi xKriT, aseve samRvdelo Tavsaxuravis aRmniSvneli unda yofiliyo. e. i. pativi am konteqstSi niSnavs samRvdelo Tavsaxuravs, samkauls. xolo samkaulis aRmniSvneli sityvis paleografiul termin `pativTan~ dakavSireba semantikurad savsebiT dasaSvebia, radganac komentari, romelic ZiriTad teqstTan SedarebiT wvrili xeliT (`meoriTa sityKTa~) svetebad iyo naweri, erTgvarad alamazebda, amkobda xelnawers da garkveulwilad dekoratiuli daniSnuleba hqonda. amdenad SeiZleboda Tavsamkaulis aRmniSvnelis sityva `pativi~, - 38 - xelnaweris samkaulad qceul moTxviTad mowerili komentarebis dasaweri adgilis aRmniSvneli gamxdariyo. efremis anderZebis mixedviTac termini `pativi~ xelnaweris gverdis is nawilia, romelic naweris oTxive mxares dauwerelad aris datovebuli da romelzedac iwereba mTargmnelis an gadamweris sityvieri komentari. xolo `kides~ efremis anderZebis mixedviT ori mniSvneloba aqvs: a) `kide~ udris aSias da b) `kide~ udris naweris gaswvriv marcxniv da marjvniv darGenil viwro zols. kidea, agreTve, svetebs Soris moqceuli viwro aswvrivi zolic. rogorc aRvniSneT, efrem mcire ioane damaskelis `gardamocemis~ winasityvaobaSi, sadac erTmaneTs upirispirebs kideze da pativze miweril SeniSvnebs, Txzulebis komentarebis or wess gulisxmobs. `pativTa zeda~ warwerili `saWiroYsa sityKs Targmani _ mTargmnelis sityvieri komentaria, xolo kideTa zeda warwerili `Seiswave~, `gansazRvrebaY~, `samecnieroY~ da `ixile~ _ teqstis ama Tu im moankveTis TvalsaGinod gamosakveTad gamiznuli misaTiTebeli paleografiuli niSnebia, anu marginaluri niSnebi. Tavisi Targmanebis `berZnulsa wessa zeda gammarTveli~ efremi aqac bizantiul mwignobarTa kvals mihyveba. swored berZnul manuskriptebSi gvqonda kideebze specialuri daniSnulebis pirobiTi niSnebi ( devreesi, 1954, 30; granstremi, 1960, 10; qajaia, 1969, 32-50; oTxmezuri, 1992, 2009), magaliTad iseTi, rogoric iyo SemoRebuli jer kidev homerosis aleqsandrieli komentatorebis mier: _ÑβηλÒς, >διπλÁ ¢περιστίκος; > διπλÁ περιεστιγµšνη; ※ − ¢στερίκος µετ¦ ο Ñβελοà; ¢ντιστίγµα; . . δου στίγµαι da sxv. (dindorfiusi, 1875, 42). maTs praqtikaSi damkvidrebas aleqsandriel filologs aristarqes miaweren da amitomac am niSnebs aristarqur niSnebs uwodeben (sviti, 1914, 59). rogorc aRvniSneT, es niSnebi homerosis teqstis komentirebisaTvis gamoiyeneboda da aRniSnavda masSi Setanil sxvadasxva xasiaTis cvlilebebs. magaliTad, isini aRniSnavdnen poemis teqstSi SecdomiT Setanili striqonis mdebareobas, miuTiTebdnen gadamwerTa mier garyvnil monakveTebze, Secdomebze, romlebic homerosis erT-erTi pirveli komentatoris zenodetisagan momdinareobda da sxv. e. i. yvela am niSnis daniSnuleba iyo mkiTxvelis yuradRebis miqceva teqstis ama Tu im monakveTisadmi. maT mimTiTebuli, - 39 - mimaniSnebeli, damxmare mniSvneloba hqondaT. analogiuri daniSnulebis niSnebi saeklesio mwerlobis TxzulebaTa Semcvel bizantiur xelnawerebSic gvxvdeba, maT `heqsaplarul niSnebs~ (sviti, 1914, 61) uwodeben, radgan isini Tavis `heqsaplebSi~ gamoiyena origenem, romelmac aleqsandrieli gramatikosebis mier SemoRebul niSnebs ramdenime axalic daumata (mag. ˜ lemniskusi, _. hipolemniskusi da sxv.). Sua saukuneebis berZenma gadamwerebma SemoiRes mcire zomis sxvadasxva niSnebi da niSanTa sistema, rac teqstis garkveuli adgilisadmi mkiTxvelis yuradRebis misaqcevad iyo gamiznuli da uadvilebda mas saWiro adgilis povnas. aseTia sxvadasxvagvari jvrebi, varskvlavebi (`asteriksebi~), isrebi da sxva paleografiuli niSnebi, romelTa erTi nawilis saxelwodeba gadamwerTa SeniSvnebSi aris daculi, meore nawilis saxeli ucnobia, magram rogorc r. Smerlingi aRniSnavs, erTi ram cxadia, rom isini teqstis SinaarsTan mimarTebaSi damxmare mniSvnelobisani arian~(Smerlingi, 1967, 69). e. granstremis dakvirvebiT (granstremi 1960,18), bizantielma komentatorebma Tu gadamwerebma daudgeneli mizezebis gamo SeimuSaves specialuri niSnebi grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa komentarebisaTvis, Tumca am niSanTa msgavsi sistema ioane oqropiris Txzulebebis Semcvel ramdenime berZnul xelnawerSic dasturdeba (galavarisi, 1969). marginaluri niSnebiT moniSnul adgilebs mkiTxveli gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT unda mopyroboda. grigol nazianzelis TxzulebebisaTvis SemoRebuli pirobiT niSanTa es sistema qarTul xelnawerebSic gvxvdeba. kerZod, efrem mciris mier Targmnili grigol RrmTismetyvelis 16 homiliis Semcvel zog xelnawerSi (A109,Jer. 43, Jer.15) da A24-Si, romelic ioane damaskelis `dialeqtikisa~ da `gardamocemis~ efrem mcireul Targmanebs Seicavs da S1276-Si, romelic efremis avtografs warmoadgens (metreveli, 1959; oTxmezuri, 1995). aRsaniSnavia, rom Jer. 43, xelnawerSi zandukis Semdeg(4v) am niSnebis grafikuli gamosaxulebani da maTi axsnacaa mocemuli, rac, rogorc Gans, berZnuli dednidan momdinareobs, radgan niSanTa es sistema da maTi axsnac daculia - 40 - ramdenime berZnul xelnawerSic (mosei, 1981), romelTagan erTs granstremic imowmebs (moskovis saxelmwifo istoriuli muzeumis berZn. xelnaweri #60). es aris pergamentze Sesrulebuli 975 wlis xelnaweri, romelic grigol nazianzelis Txzulebebs Seicavs da kideebze axlavs mravalricxovani sqolioebi. am xelnaweris me-2 gverdze aris swored moTavsebuli komentirebisaTvis gamoyenebuli niSnebis axsna (ix. agreTve, K.and S. Lake,Dated Greek Munuscule Manuscripts to the year 1200 (Monumenta Paleographica Vetera) VI, Boston,1936). T. oTxmezuris miTiTebiT, am sqolios avtoria VI saukunis anonimi komentatori (oTxmezuri, 1992, 96 da iq miTiTebuli literatura: Ch.Astruc, Remarques de S. Gregoire de Nazianze -Analecta Bolandiana,1974,t.92. Fax.3-4,p.289-295). Jer. 43 xelnawerSi, rogorc aRvniSneT, teqstSi gamoyenebuli niSanTa axsna zanduks mosdevs da iseve, rogorc am xelnaweris mravalricxovani sqolioebi, wvrili nusxuriT aris dawerili. xelnaweris fotopirze niSnebi Zalian cudad gairGeva, magram teqstSi gamoyenebuli niSnebi saSualebas gvaZlevs, aRvadginoT maTi grafikuli gamosaxulebac. niSanTa axsnas win uZRvis singuriT dawerili saTauric: `Targmani niSanTa ama[T] [... ... ]~, romelsac mosdevs ganmartebis teqsti: O `mzisTualis saxe ese niSani ganwesebul ars adgilTa, romelTa Sina RrmTismetyvelebisaTKs metyuHlebdes moZRuari, vinaYTgan mzed simarTlisad saxel-edebis RmerTsa werilTa Sina~. ※ `varskulavis saxe ganwesebul ars adgilTa, romelTa Sina Porcielebrivisa gangebulebisaTKs didisa RmrTisa da macxovrisa Guenisa iesu qristessa metyuHlebdes RrmTismetyuHli moguTa gamoGinebulisa mis varskulavisaTKs~. Snri `saswauli ese SuHnierisa ganwesebul ars adgilTa, romelTa Sina metyuHlebaY Seimkvebodis, anu gulisPmissayofelobaY aRyuavnebodis, anu orive zeSTa aRematebodis~. Sswe `Seiswave ese dawesebul ars adgilTa, romelTa Sina ipovebodes ucxoY raYme anu sjulisdebiTi, anu moTxrobiTi, anu gamometyuHlebiTi, romlisaY uPms SeswavebaY mkiTxvelsa~ (Jer. 43, 4v; bregaZe, 1988, 150; oTxmezuri, 1992, 1995): pirveli niSani `mzisTualis saxe~, (τÕ ¹λιακÒν σηµε‹ον) berZnul astronomiul teqstebSi mzes aRniSnavs da grigol - 41 - nazianzelis TxzulebebSi im adgilas daismis, sadac saubaria RmerTze, RmrTismetyvelebaze, RvTaebriobaze, radganac saRrmTo werilSi RmerTi samarTlianobis mzed iwodebao. am niSnis Sesaxeb efrem mcire `gardamocemis~ VIII Tavis (`wmindisa samebisaTKs~) saTauris gamo gakeTebul SeniSvnaSic aRniSnavs: `sadaca samebisaTKs Tqumul iyos, yvelgan Suenis da zis berZulTa wignTa ese mzisTualis saxe niSani ara sakiTxavTa, aramed sagaloebelTaca Sina~(A24,40v; miminoSvili, 1966, 117). Jer. 43-Si es niSnebi Zalian cudad gairGeva, magram erT adgilas TiTqos unda Gandes `mzisTuali, ~ romelic nazianzelis Txzulebis Semdeg adgils uzis kideze. `viqmneT tkbil, mowyale Tanalmobel; vemsgavsneT saxierebasa meufisasa, romeli aRmoubrwyinebs mzesa keTilTa da borotTa da zrdis yovelTa wmidaTa msgavsebiT~(Jer. 43, 10v). am niSnis xnarebis rva SemTxveva daadastura T. oTxmezurma A109 xelnawerSi (oTxmezuri, 1992). meore niSania `varskvlavi~ (¢στερίσκος). igi grafikulad ase gamoisaxeba ※. es niSani aRniSnavs iseT adgilebs teqstSi, sadac laparakia qristes xorcSesxmis Sesaxeb, radganac, rogorc komentatori ganmartavs, es ambavi mogvebs varskvlavis gamoGinebiT euwyaT. nazianzelis homiliebis efrem mcireuli Targmanebis Semcvel xelnawerebSi Jer.15 da Jer. 43-Si ramdenjerme gvxvdeba es niSani da yvelgan iq, sadac Ze RmerTis xorcielebaze, gankacebaze, mis adamianur saqmianobazea laparaki. magaliTad: `da iqmna TKnier codKsa kac, rameTu uPmda Sobisaca pativis-cemad~ (Jer.15, 203r) kideze didi varskvlavia daxatuli; `qriste naTel iRebs _ Tana ganvbrwyindeT, qriste daeflvis _ TanaSTavideT, raYTa TanaaRmovideT (Jer. 15, 87r), aqac kideze `asteriskoa~. `qristes Tana swer, qristes Tana aRswon, Tavisa Tana gamocdi, sityKsa Tana hamar-hyof~ (Jer.43,11r; Jer.15,17v) nazianzelis Txzulebis es adgilic varskvlavis niSniTaa gamoyofili. mesame niSania `Suenieri~, rac kideze daqaragmebulad  (Snri) aris miwerili am adgilebis aRsaniSnavad, sadac metyveleba ganmSvenebulia, Semkulia, `azri ayvavebuli~. erTi sityviT, saqme gvaqvs mxatvruli azrovnebis SemTxvevebTan. - 42 - termini Targmania berZneuli æρα‹ον--isa, 3* rasac mravali mniSvneloba aqvs, 1. mwife, Semosuli, 2. sruli, davaJkacebuli, 3. Tanadrouli, 4. Sesaferisi, 5. ayvavebuli, kargi. 6. dadgenili, regularuli da sxv. terminisaTvis, rogorc Gans, amosavalia am sityvis mexuTe mniSvneloba (ayvavebuli). es niSani xelnawerebSi Zalian xSirad ixmareba, aq mxolod oriode magaliTs moviyvanT: `da viTarca utkbilesTagan movides Semwuxebelni, egreTve SesawuxebelTagan kualad egnen utkbilesni~(Jer.43,14v) `vin ufroYs ganaTlda naTliTa mecnierebisaYTa da STaixedna siRrmesa sulisasa da RmrTisa Tana ganixila RmrTisaTKs, visme aqunda sityuaY umjobesi mTargmaneblad mogonebulTa, vidre arca erTi saeWu iyo misTKs msgavsad mravalTa, viTarmed anu gonebasa sityuaY ara aqus, anu sityuaY ara gonierebad vals, aramed orkerZove msgavsad saTno iyo~. (Jer.43, 65v) am adgilas kideebze SeniSvna `Snri~. e. i. niSani `Suenieri~ zis teqstis im adgilebis mosaniSnad, sadac Txroba mxatvruli saxeebiT xdeba. meoTxe niSani (Sswe) _ `Seiswave~ Targmania berZnuli sityvisa σεµε‹οσαι (II piris forma zmnisa σεµειÒω). am zmnas aqvs ramdenime mniSvneloba. 1. aRniSvna, SeniSvna. 2. med. axsna, ganmarteba, 3. med. aRniSne, daixsome. Gvens SemTxvevaSi mas, cxadia, aRniSvnis mniSvneloba aqvs. kideze daqaragmebulad miwerili `Seiswave~ mkiTxvels mianiSnebs, rom teqstSi iseT ramezea saubari, romelic misgan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas moiTxovs. amgvari aRniSvnebi Zalian xSirad gvxvdeba qarTul xelnawerebSi, gansakuTrebiT xSirad ki efremis Targmanebis Semcvel nusxebSi. mravalricxovani magaliTebidan moviyvanT oriodes: `vieTnime ukuH ityKan, viTarmed pirvel yovelTa dabadebulTa daibades angelozni, viTarca RrmTismetyuHli grigoli ityKs, viTarmed pirvelad moigona angelozni igi Zalni zecisani da mogonebaY igi saqme iyo~(A24, 53v). am msjelobis gaswvriv mTel sigrZeze kideze Gamowerilia `Seiswave~. an kidev: `raYTa dasabam bor3 aRsaniSnavia, rom am berZnul sityvas, romelic monogramis saxiT iwereboda berZnuli xelnawerebis kideebze, yovelTvis ar Targmnidnen qarTulad. zogjer es monogramiTve gadmohqondaT, romelic ori asomTavruli asos o da r-sagan Sedgeba. o-s mucelSia r Gasmuli. amis Sesaxeb. ix. l. qajaia, pirobiTi niSnebi qarTul komentarebian xelnawerebSi, paleografiuli Ziebani, II, Tb., 1969. gv. 34-35). - 43 - otisa iqmnebis udebebaY keTilisaY~(Jer.43,12r) kideze aqac `Seiswavea~ miwerili. moyvanili magaliTebidanac naTelia, rom marginaluri niSani `Seiswave~ xazgasmisaTvis, mkiTxvelis mier dasamaxsovreblad, aRsaniSnavad aris gamoyenebuli da daaxloebiT imgvari daniSnuleba aqvs, rac NB-s. `Seiswave~ niSnavs `aRniSne, daimaxsovre, ~ da zemoTmoyvanili sqolios mixedviT is zis teqstis im adgilebSi, sadac raime dogmaturi (efremiT `sjulisdebiTi~, berZn δÒγµα), istoriuli (`moTxrobiTi~ berZn. ƒστορία) an mxatvruli (`gamometyvelebiTi~) teqsti gvaqvs. rogorc xelnawerebidan Gans, es simboloebi misaTiTebeli marginaluri niSnebi iyo, romelebic mkiTxvelis yuradRebas amaxvilebdnen Txzulebis ama Tu im adgilze, erTgvarad xazs usvamdenen, gamokveTdnen, vizualurad gamoyofdnen taqstis ama Tu im monakveTs da amiT garkveul mimarTulebas aZlevdnen mkiTxvels. rogorc vxedavT, berZnul da qarTul xelnawerebSi kideebze misaTiTebeli niSnebis Tu sityvebis miwera gavrcelebuli iyo. zemoT GamoTvlili niSnebis msgavsad, marginalur, mkiTxvelis yuradRebis misaqcev niSans, SeniSvnas warmoadgens efremis mier `gardamocemis~ winasityvaobaSi dasaxelebuli `Seiswave~, `gansazRvrebaY~ `ganGinebaY~ da `samecnieroY~. zemoT ukve vaGveneT, rom `Seiswave~ berZnuli σηµε‹οσαι-is Targmania da mniSvnelobiT udris `aRniSne, daixsomes ~. `Seiswaves~ msgavasad mimaniSnebeli funqcia aqvT iseT minawerebsac, rogoricaa `gansazRvrebaY~, `ganGinebaY~ da `samecnieroY~, `ixile~, da `Suenieri~, romlebic aseve kideebze keTdeba da mkiTxvelis yuradRebas teqstis ama Tu im adgilze amaxvilebs. `gansazRvrebaY~ berZnuli sityvis Ð ÑρισµÒs-is qarTuli Sesatyvisia. am terminis mniSvnelobis axsnaze TviTon efremi migviTiTebs: `gansazRvrebisa Targmani TKT wina gepoebis safilosofosoTa TavTa Sina meaTequsmeted Tavad~(A24, 3r). marTlac, ioane damaskelis `dialeqtikis~ efremiseul Targmanis me16 TavSi aseTi gamarteba gvaqvs: `gansazRvrebaY ars sityuaY mokle, sacnaur myofeli bunebasa winamdebarisa saqmisasa. (damaskeli, 1976, 105). da sadac raime cnebis, sagnis an movlenis ganmarteba, gansazRvreba, definicia gvaqvs, ioane damaskelis `dialeqtikis~ da `gardamocemis~ xelnawerSi (A - 44 - 24) kideze miwerilia `gansazRvrebaY~. magaliTad: `vnebaY ars grZnobadi aRZvraY nebebiTisa Zalisa ocnebasa zeda keTilsa anu borotsa(A24,70v); `ganzraxvaY ars aRZvraY da survili raTasame saqmisa mimarT sityKeriTi~(A24,72r); `moqmedebaY ars bunebiTi Zali da ZvraY TiToeulisa arsebisaY~(A24,73v). aseT SemTxvevebSi kideze yvelgan aris minaweri: `gansazRvrebaY~. `gansazRvrebis~ msgavsia `ganGinebac~. efremi amis Sesaxebac miuTiTebs `gardamocemis~ winasityvaobaSi. `xolo gansazRvrebasa da ganGinebasa igive da erTi Zali aqvs~(A24,4r). msgavsi daniSnulebiT ixmareba misaTiTebeli sityvebi `samecnieroY~ da `ixile~. amrigad, terminebi `Seiswave~, `gansazRvrebaY~, `ganGinebaY~. `samecnieroY~, `ixile~ teqstis kideebze gakeTebuli specialuri daniSnulebis marginaluri niSnebia, romelTac mxolod misaTiTebeli, damxmare funqcia akisriaT da mkiTxvelis yuradRebas amaxvileben Txzulebis ama Tu im adgilze. es niSnebi kideebze keTdeba iseve, rogorc nebismieri sxva pirobiTi niSani, magaliTad: `qanwili~, `Relvavrceli~ (citatis niSani), jvari anu `asterikso~ da `iota~, romelic efremma giorgi aTonelis mier Targmnili `samociqulos~ gasworebuli adgilebis aRsaniSnavad SemoiRo. unda aRvniSnoT, rom teqstis amgvani damuSaveba, rac efremma bizantieli mwignobrebisagan gadmoiRo, Txzulebis komentirebis erTgvari saxea, radgan sagangebo miTiTebiT komentatori mkiTxvels yuradRebas amaxvilebinebs teqstis ama Tu im monakveTze, swored imaze, rac, misi azriT, yvelaze mniSvnelovania da dasamaxsovrebeli. zemoT moyvanili msjeloba, vfiqrobT, sakmao sabuTia imisaTvis, rom davaskvnaT: samecniero literaturaSi xSirad xmarebuli termini `Seiswave~ yovelTvis ar aRniSnavs mTargmnelis sityvier SeniSvnas, ganmartebas, msjelobas teqstTan dakavSirebul ama Tu im sakiTxze. is orgvari Sinaarsisaa. erT SemTxvevaSi, roca `kidesa stiqonisasa~ iwereba, is aris misaTiTebeli pirobiTi niSani, xolo roca am sityviT aSiaze moTavsebuli mTargmnelis ganmarteba iwyeba, termini `Seiswave~ mTargmnelis sityvier komentars aRniSnavs. amitomac aRrevis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, marTebuli iqneba aSiaze anu `pativTa zeda~ miweril mTargmneliseul sityvier SeniSvnebs efrem mcirisve sityvebiT `ki- 45 - deTa warwerili Targmani~ vuwodoT, radgan am SeniSvnebs igive daniSnuleba aqvT, rac dRevandeli gagebiT sqolios da Txzulebas darTul komentarebs gaaGniaT, SesaZlebelia maT aRmniSvnelad zogadad termini sqolio an komentaric, an sqolio-komentaric gamoviyenoT. miT umetes, rom sityva sqolios am SinaarsiT Zvel mTargmnelebTanac vxvdebiT, xolo sabas ganmartebiT, `sxolio ars wignT Targmani gareSemowerili~(saba, I993, 126). amrigad, Targmanis komentirebis efrem mciriseul sistemaSi daniSnulebis TvalsazrisiT gamoiyofa ori tipis komentari: 1) TvalsaGinoebiTi, mimaniSnebeli komentari, anu marginaluri niSnebi da 2) sityvieri, ganmartebiTi komentari, anu mTargmnelis sqolio. mTargmnelis sityvieri komentaric araa erTgvarovani. sityvier komentarSi, romelsac efremi, rogorc aRvniSneT, `mTargmnelis mozraxuls~ uwodebs, igulisxmeba ara mxolod `kideTa da pativTa zeda~ warwerili SeniSvnebi, aramed `Tavisa da boloYsa anderZebic~; anu Txzulebas wamZRvarebuli winasityvaobac da boloSi darTuli anderZic. mTargmnelis sityvieri komentaris erTgvari saxeobaa teqstSi GarTuli ganmartebebic, sadac mTargmneli romelime ucxoenovani sityvis Targmans gvaZlevs, an saxelis etimologias gvixsnis. mTargmnelis amgvari SeniSvnebic, ra Tqma unda, komentaria, mxolod im gansxvavebiT, rom aq, rogorc wesi, mxolod erTi sityvis ganmarteba gvaqvs mocemuli. magram, amis miuxedavad, isic `mTargmnelis mozraxulia~, oRond teqstSive GarTuli. aRsaniSnavia, rom aseTi GanarTebi, anu `zedadarTulebi~ da im berZnul dednebSic yofila, romlebiTac sargeblobda efremi. magaliTad, nazianzelis homiliaTa erT-erT krebulSi Semonxul mTargmnelis anderZSi efremi sagangebod aRniSnavs, rom Gemi maswavleblebi mirGevdnen, `raYTa zedadarTuli yoveli da Targmanisagan GarTuli dautero da TKT wmidisa oden sityuaY martod vTargmne~(Jer.43,3r). miuxedavad imisa, rom TargmanSi raimes GarTva ewinaaRmdegeboda mis principebs, efrems wina mTargmnelTa msgavsad zogi ucxoenovani sityvis ganmarteba teqstSive miucia, anu saTargmni TxzulebisaTvis `sityua daurTavs~ TviT teqstSi. amgvar SeniSvnebs, anu mTargmneliseul GanarTebs, Gven qarTvel mwignobarTa - 46 - da maT Soris efremis mier xmarebuli terminiT `sityuadarTuliT~ aRvniSnavT da `kideTa zeda warweril~ komentarebTan erTad ganvixilavT efremis leqsikur xasiaTis sqolioebis analizis dros. Tuki zemoT Tqmuls SevajamebT, Gveni kvlevis sfero ase ganisazRvreba. efrem mciris komentatoruli saqmianoba Gans `mTargmnelis mozraxulSi~, romelSic efremi da masTan erTad Gvenc vgulisxmobT: a) `Tavisa anderZebs~, anu mTargmnelis winasityvaobebs, Sesaval werilebs; b) `boloYsa anderZebs~, anu mTargmnelis bolosityvaobebs; g) `kideTa zeda warweril Targmanebs~, anu sqolioebs; d) `sityuadarTulebs~, anu teqstSi GarTul mTargmneliseul SeniSvnebs. rogorc `mTargmnelis mozraxuli~ yvela anderZi ar SeiZleba iyos erTnairi (zogi vrcelia, zogi Zalian mokle, zogi Txzulebis TargmnasTan dakavSirebul mraval sakiTxs exeba, zogSi ki mxolod mTargmnelis vinaobaa dasaxelebuli) (metreveli, 1959, 98), aseve erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebulia rogorc sqolio-komentarebi, iseve `sityuadarTulobanic~. amgvari ganmartebebis konstruqciul Taviseburebebs yuradReba miaqcia e. xinTibiZem, romelmac 3 jgufad dayo isini: 1. mTargmneli berZnuli formis ganmartebisas, sityvebiT `romel gamoiTargmanebis~ miuTiTebs mis qarTul mniSvnelobaze da Semdeg iZlevTa am sityvis sakuTar etimologiur gaazrebs (eqvTime aToneli). 2. mTargmneli ganmartavs berZnul sityvas qarTuli SesatyvisiT da teqstSive miuTiTebs: `romel ars~ (giorgi mTawmindeli). 3. mTargmneli berZnul sityvas iqve, gverdiT miuwers Sesabamis qarTul Targmans da teqstSi sagangebo miTiTebas imaze, rom TargmanebasTan gvaqvs saqme, ar urTavs (efrem mcire da ioane petriwi) (xinTibiZe, 1982, 75-176). efrem mciris sqolioebic konstruqciulad sami gansxvavebuli tipis SeniSvnebi gamoyofa. 1) sqolioTa erTi nawili sxvebTan SedarebiT vrcelia da masSi mTargmneli teqstis TargmnasTan an konkretul adgilTan dakavSirebul romelime sakiTxs exeba. amgvar sqolios xSirad iwyebs - 47 - sityva `Seiswave~, rasac mosdevs mTargmnelis msjeloba ama Tu im sakiTxze. amitomac am tipis sqolioebs zogadad `Seiswaveebs~ vuwodebT. magaliTebi: `Seiswave, berZulad pitK, xolo qarTulad kicK fiWKsaY (Jer.8,163v); `Seiswave, rameTu mamaY didisa basilisi pontoeli iyo~ ( Jer.43); `Seiswave, viTarmed berZenTa eniTa yoveli sityuaY anu mamali aris, anu dedali da yovelTa dabadebulTa casa da queyanasa da zRuasa da raYca raY arian maT Sina nivTTa da mcenareTa da nergTa da yovelsa sityuasa da saxelsa, vnebaTa gina saTnoebaTa anu mamad ityKan, anu dedlad. mamalmyofel sityKsa, gina saxelisa ars oni da dedalmyofeli inni da amaTgan erTi ueWuelad uzis Tavsa sityKsasa anu oni anu ini~(A292,319). 2) aSiaze moTavsebuli SeniSvnebis meore jgufi ucxoenovani sityvebis Targmans warmoadgens. ufro xSiria berZnuli da ebrauli sityvebis Targmna, zogjer mocemulia sityvis etimologiis axsnac. am sqolioebSi xSirad ixmareba konstruqcia `romel gamoiTargmanebis~ an berZnuli sityva, `gamoiTargmnebis~ qarTulis sityva. amitom am tipis SeniSvnebs `romel gamoiTargmanebis~ tipis sqolioebs vuwodebT. magaliTad `daesrula Sesavali wignisa amis wmidisa basilisi, romelsa asketikon ewodebis, romel gamoiTargmanebis samoRvaweoY~ (A689,6v); `rameTu geneTlia Sobisad gamoiTargmanebis (Jer.43,218r); `angelozi qadagad gamoiTargmanebis, xolo satan eniTa ebraelTaYTa mPdomsa saxeledebis~(Jer.9,91r). `alKsio, gina apolKsio esreT gamoiTargmanebis, viTarmed `gansasuenebeli ujaWoY~. `romel gamoiTargmanebis~ tipis konstruqcia xSiria e. w. saxismetyvelebiT ganmartebebSi. mTargmnelis amgvari SeniSvnebi efrem mciris mTargmnelobiT Teoriis mixedviT aSiaze unda iyos gakeTebuli. xSir SemTxveaSi es asec aris, magram msgavsi konstruqciis SeniSvnebi xSirad teqstSic gvxvdeba, rasac yovelTvis gadamwerTa TviTnebobiT ver avxsniT. safiqrebelia, rom efremma wina mTargmnelebis msgavsad zogierTi ucxoenovani sityva teqstSive ganmarta. 3. efrem mciris SeniSvnaTa mesame jgufSi erTi sityva axsnilia, ganmartebulia sxva sityviT, an sityvebiT. SeiZleba qarTuli sityva, romelic SedarebiT iSviaTad ixmareboda, aixsnas qarTulive ufro gasagebi sityviT, an - 48 - literaturuli qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli `wignuri~ sityva, araliteraturuli dialeqturi `sofluri~ sityviT, an zog SemTxvevaSi ufro gavrcelebuli ucxoenovani sityviTac. am tipis SeniSvnebSi xSiria `ese igi ars~, `romel ars~ an `romelsa ewodebis~ konstruqciebi. Gven maT pirobiTad `ese igi ars~ tipis SeniSvnebs vuwodebT. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom TargmniTi xasiaTis SeniSvnebis msgavsad am tipis ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebic xSirad teqstSia GarTuli. `sagroba, ese igi ars mgzavroba~ (Jer.43,235r); `omilia, ese igi ars pirispir zraxua~(A292,319r); `msaxurTa dasi, ese igi ars diakonTaY~(Α684,159r). Tematurad, Sinaarsis mixedviT anu imis mixedviT, Tu ra kuTxiTaa ganmartebuli teqstis esa Tu is adgili, efrem mciris komentarebSi ramdenime jgufi gamoiyofa: 1) Teologiur-filosofiuri xasiaTis SeniSvnebi, axlavs ZiriTadad dionise areopagelis TxzulebaTa korpuss, grigol nazianzelis homiliebs, ramdenime aseTi SeniSvna ioane damaskelis `dialeqtikis~ da `gadamocemis~ Semcvel xelnawerebSic gvxvdeba. am SeniSvnebs didi mniSvneloba aqvT qarTuli filosofiuri terminologiis Gamoyalibebis istoriis warmosaGenad. 2) filologiuri komentarebi, sadac efremi teqstis dadgenis, redaqtirebis, dednebis mopovebis, maTi erTmaneTTan Sejerebis Sesaxeb msjelobs. xSir SemTxvevebSi es SeniSvnebi Rrma teqstologiuri kvlevis Sedegebs gvacnoben. aseTi SeniSvnebi erTvis basili didis `samoRvaweo wignis~, efrem asuris `asketikonis~, dionise asoepagelis Txzulebebis, ioane damaskelis `gardamocemis~, grigol nazianzelis homiliebis, samociqulos komentarebis efremiseul Targmanebs. isini cxadyofen mTargmnelis mier gaweul seriozul muSaobas da amasTanave mis did erudicias. SeniSvnaTa am rigSi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas efremis mier giorgi aTonelis redaqciis `samociqulos~ berZnulTan Sedarebis Sedegad dedanTan daaxloebis mizniT Setanili cvlilebebic, romlebic samociqulos Targmanebis teqstSi mas sagangebod `iotiT~ da `uskuTresiT~ aRuniSnavs. efrems ucvlelad moaqvs gansamartavi muxli `samociqulos~ giorgiseuli Targmanidan, magram radganac `berZenTa ena ufskrul Rrma ars da igive da erTi adgili mravalsa pirsa - 49 - aRiarebs~(Jer16,1r), e. i. erTi da igive sityva an adgili Txzulebisa sxvadasxvagvarad SeiZleba iqnas gagebuli, aman ki SeiZleba gamoiwvios gansamartav teqstsa da mis Targmanebas Soris sxvaoba, amitom saWiro gamxdara samociqulos teqstis berZnulTan xelaxali Sedareba da `qarTuli Semsgavsebuli sityKs~ moipoveba ramdenime xvadasxva Targmanebis (ganmartebis) monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT. es sityva, rogorc efremi aRniSnavs, `maSinRa ZliT gulisPmaiyofebodis, odes samni gina oTxni Targmanni pavlisani da egodennive leqsikonni ... . erTad Semovkribni, maSinRa ZliT moupoi qarTuli Semsgavsebuli sityvaY~(Jer16, 1r.) da iqve agrZelebs: `pirvelad samociqulosa sityuasa gamokulevaY una da SedarebaY da egeTRa Targmansa missa daweraY~ _ es ki wminda filologiuri samuSaoa: sityvis mniSvnelobis dazusteba, berZnulTan Sedareba-Sejereba, ramdenime komentatoris azris gaTvaliswineba da saleqsikono muSaoba. `samociqulos~ teqstis efremiseul yovel Sesworebas win marTlac amgvari Sromatevadi samuSao uZRvoda. efremi adarebda giorgis Targmans berZnul dedanTan, xSirad ara erTTan, aramed ramdenimesTan, cvlida zogierT sityvas, zogjer sityvis gramatikul formas im mizniT, rom qarTul Targmans ufro zustad gadmoeca dednis azri. umetes SemTxvevaSi iqve teqstSi, mas Semdeg rac aRniSnavs, rom giorgis Targmanze usakuTres, anu umjobesi, konteqstisaTvis ufro Sesabamisi esreT arso, asabuTebs cvlilebis Setanis aucileblobas da Sesabamis axsna-ganmartebas iZleva. amgvari msjeloba ki mTargmnelis erTgvari komentaria, SeniSvna, romelic SesaZlebelia `kideTa zeda warweril TargmanTan~ erTad iyos ganxiluli, rogorc `mTargmnelis mozraxuli~, misi naazrevi, misi kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli daskvnebi. 3) gramatikuli komentarebi efremis sqolioTa erT sakmaod did nawils warmoadgenen da ZiriTadad qarTuli da berZnuli enis `rabamobis~ garkvevas isaxaven miznad. aq efremis interesis sagania arTroni, gramatikuli sqesisa da ricxvis kategoriebi, saliteraturo enisa da dialeqtis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi da sxv. efremi arkvevs ra berZnuli enis `rabamobas~, msjelobs gramatikuli sqesisa da ricxvis Sesaxeb, calkeuli berZnul sityvebze, polisemiur sityvebze, nasesxobebze, prosodiis niSnebze da - 50 - maTi xmarebis wesebze, berZnul enis fenotikur sistemaSi momxdari cvlilebebis Sesaxeb da sxv. qarTuli enis `rabamobis~ garkvevas emsaxureba efremis sqolioebi `wigniuri~ da `sofluri~ sityvebis Sesaxeb, `axladmopovebuli sityvebis~ anu neologizmebis Taobaze, `Sedgmuli sityvebis~ anu kompozitTa orTografiis Sesaxeb, zmniswinaTa xmarebisas gasaTvaliswinebel niuansebze, nasesxobebze da sxv. metad mniSvnelovania misi SeniSvnebi punqtuaciisa da sadeklamacio niSnebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. efremis gramatikuli xasiaTis `SeiswavebSi~ mraval enaTmecnierul termins vxvdebiT, romelTac didi mniSvneloba aqvT qarTuli enaTmecnieruli azris istoriisaTvis. 4) leqsikuri xasiaTis komentarebSi mocemulia ama Tu im sityvis mniSvnelobis axsna-ganmarteba an sxvaenovani Targmani. mTargmnelis amgvari SeniSvnebi axlavs efremis naTargmn TiTqmis yvela Txzulebas, umeteswilad aSiebze, magram arc Tu iSviaTad TviT Targmanis teqstSic. leqsikiuri komentarebi ori tipisaa: a) TargmniTi komentarebi, sadac romelime ucxoenovani sityvis qarTuli Sesatyvisia mocemuli an piriqiT, qarTuli sityvebis romelime ucxoenovani Targmani gvaqvs. b) gamnmartebiTi xasiaTis SeniSvnebi, sadac qarTuli sityvis mniSvneloba qarTuladvea axsnil-ganmartebuli. TargmniTi xasiaTis sqolioebSi umeteswilad berZnuli sityvebis qarTulad TargmanTan gvaqvs saqme. aris ramdenime ebrauli sityvis qarTuli Sesatyvisic da oriode laTinuri sityvis Targmanic. qarTuli sityvebis ucxo enaze Targmnis SemTxvevaSic umetesad maTi fardi berZnuli sityvebia moxmobili, iSviaTad gvaqvs somxuri Sesatyvisic. ganmartebiTi xasiaTis leqsikologiur sqolioebSi calke gamoiyofa a) sinonimuri Sesatyvisebi anu saliteraturo enis leqsikuri erTeulis (`wigniuri sityvis~) arasalitaraturo sityviT (`sofluri~, `uSueri~) axsnis SemTxvevebi da b)gansazRvrebiTi anu aRweriTi xasiaTis sqolioebi, sadac sityvaTa mniSvnelobis axsnis efremiseuli meTodi ganmartebiTi leqsikonebis Sedgenisas gamoyenebuli principis msgavsia. calke gamoiyofa mTargmnelis imgvari SeniSvnebi, ronlebSic sakuTar saxelTa etimologiuri ganmartebebia mocemuli. - 51 - 5) literaturadmcodneobiTi xasiaTis sqolio-komentarebSi vgulisxmobT efremis SeniSvnebs qarTuli da bizantiuri saeklesio literaturis sakiTxebze, konkretul cnobebs ama Tu im Txzulebis berZnuli dednebisa Tu qarTuli Targmanebis Sesaxeb. efremis amgvari cnobebi xSirad metad mniSvnelovania, zogjer unikaluric bizantiuri Tu qarTuli saeklesio mwerlobis calkeuli sakiTxis gadasaWrelad. am jgufSi gamoiyofa qvejgufebi: a) SeniSvnebi, romlebic gvawvdian cnobebs efremis winamorbed da Tanamedrove qarTul mTargmnelebze. b) bizantiuri literaturis calkeul sakiTxebze, berZen mwerlebze, calkeul Txzulebebs da krebulebze. g) SeniSvnebi qarTul-bizantiuri literaturuli urTierTobebis Sesaxeb. aqve SevniSneT, rom gansakuTrebiT uxv masalas am mxriv Seicaven efremis anderZebi da Sesavali werilebi, romlebic arsebiTad warmoadgenen erT-erT pirvel mecnierul naSromebs, sadac efremi miukerZoebel, mkacr filologad, literaturis istorikosad da kritikosad gvevlineba. 6) miTologiuri komentarebi. efremma Targmna grigol nazianzelis homiliebis miTologiuri pasaJebis gansamartavad nones mier dawerili komentarebi (`elinTa zRaprobani~, T. oTxmezuri, 1989), garda amisa, mis zogierT Targmans aSiebze darTuli aqvs miTologiuri xasiaTis araerTi ganmarteba, romlebSic axsnilia warmarTuli panTeonis Tu antikuri kulturis calkeuli realiebi. 7) teqnikuri xasiaTis minawerebi, sadac mTargmneli Targmnis procesSi wamoWril mraval teqnikur sakiTxs exeba, mag: `ese cTomili dedasaca iyo~, an `berZnulad aqa ewera ese Tavi~ da a. S. Targmanze darTuli yvela saxis komentaris mizani erTia. mkiTxvels gauadvilos teqstis gageba, daexmaros Txzulebis Sinaarsis sworad gaazrebaSi, miawodos mas aucilebeli ganmarteba. efremis Rrma rwmeniT, `yovelsa Targmansa uPms SematebaY sityKsa, reca ganmacxadeblad Zalisa, ~ romelic mTargmnelTa teqstSi ki ar unda GarTos, aramed sqolioebis saxiT miaweros aSiaze. efremis sqolio-komentarebi mTargmnelis mozraxul winasityvaveobebTan da anderZebTan erTad mraval saintereso cnobas Seicavs, romelTac didi mniSvneloba aqvT qarTuli - 52 - literaturis istoriis, qarTul-bizantiuri literaturuli urTierTobebis, zogjer bizantiuri literaturisa da kulturis istoriisaTvis. mniSvnelovan masalas Seicaven isini qarTuli enis istoriis, leqsikografiis, qarTuli gramatikuli azrovnebis istoriis, Zveli qarTuli filosofiuri terminologiis Sesaswavlad. efrem mcire rogorc moazrovne, rogorc filologi, lingvisti, literaturis istorikosi da kritikosi, farTo ganaTlebisa da erudiciis adamiani yvelaze kargad swored mis originalur naazrevSi, naTargmn Txzulebas darTul `mTargmnelis mozraxulSi~ Gans. efrem mciris mier SemuSavebuli Targmanis komentirebis principebi TiTqmis Tanamedrove mecnierul donezea. rogorc k. kekeliZe SeniSnavs, `Txzulebani, romelnic misi xelidan gamodiodnen, damuSavebulia sastiki da rTuli filologiuri meTodebiT. araferi aq ugulvelyofili araa, arc dadgena da kritika teqstisa, arc siswore da sinmadvile Targmanisa, arc Sedareba sxvadasxva swavluli komentatorebis azrebisa. am mxriv, rogorc Segnebuli mecnieri-mTargmneli, efremi iSviaTi movlenaa Gvens mwerlobaSi~(kekeliZe, 1980, 254). marTlac, efrem mciris Targmanebi aRWurvilia, dRevandeli terminologiiT rom vTqvaT, samecniero-sacnobaro aparatiT. Tanamedrove teqstologiaSi gaziarebuli ganmartebis Tanaxmad `samecniero-sacnobaro aparati warmoadgens im teqstologiuri xasiaTis samuSaos fiqsirebas, rasac redaqtori (gamomcemeli) eweva teqstze muSaobis dros _ teqstis Sejereba wyaroebis mixedviT, kanonikuri teqstis dadgena da misi mecnieruli dasabuTeba, variantuli sxvaobebis fiqsireba, daTariRebisa da atribuciisaTvis Gatarebuli kvleva, teqstis ganmarteba rogorc lingvisturi, ise istoriul-literaturuli TvalsazrisiT, teqstSi arsebuli yvela saWiro faqtobrivi masalis zusti komentireba _ yvelaferi es Tavis asaxvas poulobs samecniero-sacnobaro aparatSi~(gvaramaZe, 1970, 127-128). efremis `mozraxulSi~, romelic dRevandeli samecniero-sacnobaro aparatis tolfard Zvel qarTul terminad SeiZleba GaiTvalos, zemoTGamoTvlil yvela saxis komentars vxvdebiT, oRond imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom is, rac - 53 - dRes redaqtoris an gamomcemlis funqciad cxaddeba, XI saukuneSi mTargmnel-komentators evaleboda, radgan, garkveulwilad, is iyo swored teqstis gamomcemelic da redaqtoric. efremis saxiT saqme gvaqvs bizantiuri mwerlobis Zeglebis mecnier mTargmnel-komentatorTan, romelsac Targmanis komentirebis sagangebo principebi hqonda Gamoyalibebuli. axali masalebi efrem mciris mier naTargmni Zeglebis bibliografiisTvis. efrem mcire erT-erTi yvelaze nayofieri mTargmnelia bizantiuri literaturisa. dRemde aRnusxulia mis mier naTargmni 50-mde avtoris 130-ze meti Txzuleba, romlebic daculia sxvadasxva drois 160-mde xelnawerSi. efrem mciris mier naTargmni Zeglebis bibliografia Seadgina Tamar bregaZem (bregaZe, 1971), romelmac qarTul xelnawerTa aRwerilobebisa da katalogebis, agreTve uSualod xelnawerebis Seswavlis Sedegad mogvca efremis mier gaweuli muSaobis TiTqmis sruli suraTi. am bibliografiaSi aRniSnulia, sad da romel xelnawerebSia daculi efremis mier Targmnili Txzulebani. efrem mciris Semoqmedebis verc erTi mkvlevari gverds ver auvlis T. bregaZis am Sromas, magram TviTon mkvlevaric bibliografiis Sesaval nawilSi aRniSnavs, `rasakvirvelia, Sroma ver iqneba sruli. droTa ganmavlobaSi mas daemateba axali xelnawerebi da SeiZleba jer kidev ucnobi Targmanebic efrem mcirisa~ (bregaZe, 1971, 429). marTlac, efrem mciris naTargmni Zeglebis Semcveli xelnawerebis Seswavlisas aRmoGnda kidev ramdenime Txzuleba, romelTa mTargmnelad dasaxelebulia efrem mcire. xelnawerebSi am TxzulebaTa mTargmnelis Sesaxeb daculi cnobebi miT ufro mniSvnelovania, rom maTi qarTulad mTargmnelis vinaoba aqamde cnobili ar iyo. ierusalimis qarTuli xelnawerebis fotopirebis Seswavlis dros Gveni yuradReba miiqcia berZnuli sapatriarqos qarTuli wignTsacavis N30 xelnawerma (bleikis aRw., N24 maris, N126), romelic XII-XIII saukuneebiT TariRdeba da warmoadgens sadResaswaulo homiliebis krebuls. masSi Sesulia sxvadasxva mTargmnelis mier qarTulad gadmoRebuli sxvadasxva avtoris 23 Txzuleba. xelnawers boloSi - 54 - (261r) darTuli aqvs zanduki, romelSic GamoTvlilia krebulSi Setanili Txzulebani da zogierTi sakiTxavis saTauris gaswvriv miwerilia mTargmnelis saxeli. kerZod, zanduki asaxelebs 12 homiliis qarTulad mTargmnels: ori Txzuleba miGneulia eqvTime aTonelis naTargmnad, erTi _ giorgi mTawmidlis da cxra ki efrem mciris Targmanad. (TvalTvaZe, 1987), romelTagan Svidis efremis mier Targmna eWvs ar iwvevs. isini udavod efremis naTargmnia da amis Sesaxeb aRniSnulia samecniero literaturaSic. rac Seexeba danarGen ors, es Txzulebebia: krebulSi pirvel statiad Setanili sakiTxavi andria ieruslimelisa `SobisaTKs yovladwmidisa RvTismSoblisa maradis qalwulisa mariamisa~(1r12r) da krebulis rigiT meore Txzuleba ioane oqropiris homilia `dResaswaulsa juarTa aRpyrobisasa~(12r -17v), romlebic zandukis mixedviT miewereba efrems (`Targmnili efremisi~267r). samecniero literaturaSi andria ierusalimelis am sakiTxavis mTargmnelis Sesaxeb cnobebi ara gvaqvs (kekeliZe, et. V, 14). amdenad, XII-XIII saukunis krebulis Semdgenlis Tu gadamweris cnoba am Txzulebebis mTargmnelis Sesaxeb erTob sayuradReboa, miT umetes, rom rogorc gairkva (TvalTvaZe, 1987), misi msgavsi xasiaTis cnobebi TiTqmis yovelTvis utyuaria da sando. rac Seexeba ioane oqropiris `juarTa aRpyrobis sakiTxavs~, arsebobs misi sami Targmani: Zveli redaqcia ori TargmaniT da metafrasuli, romelic aris Sesuli swored Jer. 30 xelnawerSi. k. kekeliZe Tavis naSromSi `ucxo avtorebi Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi~ am sakiTxavis mTargmnelebs ar uTiTebs (kekeliZe, et. V, 76). efrem mciris avtografuli xelnaweris (S1276) Seswavlis Sedegad e. metrevelma gamoTqva varaudi, rom ioane oqropiris jvarTa aRpyrobis sakiTxavi SesaZloa efrem mciris Targmani iyos (metreveli, 1959, (T. bregaZe, 1971, gv. 452-454) albaT im mosazrebiT, rom S1276 xelnaweris arapirdapiri 124). magram T. bregaZes es Txzuleba efremis naTargmni Zeglebis bibliografiaSi ar Seutania (bregaZe, 1971, 452-454), albaT im mosazrebiT, rom S 1276 xelnaweris arapirdapiri cnoba sakmarisad ar GaTvala Targmanis efremisad misaGnevad. e. metrevelis gamoTqmul varauds adasturebs Jer.30 xelnaweris zanduki, romelic am sakiTxavis mTargmne- 55 - lad efrems miiGnevs. radgan zandukis Semdgeneli Tu gadamweri ar uSvebs Secdomas arc erTi sxva sakiTxavis mTargmnelis dasaxelebis dros (Gven es sagangebod SeviswavleT), misi cnobebi yovelTvis emTxveva sxva xelnawerebis monacemebs da samecniero literaturaSi gaziarebul mosazrebebs, SeiZleba sarwmunod GavTvaloT zandukis is cnobac, romelic andria ierusalimelis `RmrTismSoblis SobisaTKs sakiTxavis~ da ioane oqropiris `juarTa aRpyrobis sakiTxavis~ mTargmnelad efrem mcires asaxelebs. amrigad, Jer. 30 xelnaweris zandukis monacemebiT efrem mciris mier naTargmni Zeglebis sias unda daematos kidev ori Txzuleba: 1. andria ierusalimelis `SobisaTvis RmrTismSoblisa~, romelic am xelnaweris garda kidev Q336(1r4r) da Q652(1r-5r) xelnawerSi gvaqvs da 2. ioane oqropiris `juarTa aRpyrobis sakiTxavi~, romelic, ierusalimuri xelnaweris garda, K 4 manuskriptsac Semounaxavs. Jer. 38 xelnawerSi (XII-XIIIs.), romelic Tavisi SedgenilobiT efrem mciris avtografuli xelnaweris S 1276-is msgavsia (rafava, 1990, a, 102-107), metafrasul agiografiul TxzulebebTan erTad Setanilia cnobil bizantiel mweralTa sadResaswaulo xasiaTis homiliebic, maT Soris ioane damaskelis sakiTxavi `SobisaTKs RmrTismSoblisa~, romelsac erTvis mTargmnelis anderZi: `locva yavT, qristesmoyuareno, ioanesTKs, kKrikes xucisa, romlisa brZanebiTa da warsagebliTa iTargmna sakiTxavi ese efremisagan mcirisa~ (Jer.38, 12r). ioane damaskelis RvTismSoblis Sobis sakiTxavi efrem mcires naTargmni Zeglebis bibliografiaSi Setanili ar aris (bregaZe, 1971, 450-452). am Txzulebis qarTuli Targmanebis Sesaxeb cnobebs gvawvdis k. kekeliZe Tavis katalogSi `ucxo avtorebSi Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi~ (kekeliZe, et. V, 66), sadac miTiTebulia am saTauris mqone ori homiliis dasawyisi da xelnawerebi, romlebSic Senaxulia es Txzuleba. mTargmnelad dasaxelebulia Teofile. ioane damaskelis `SobisaTKs wmidisa RmrTismSobelisa~, romelsac P.G. 96-e tomis 661-680 gverdebi uWiravs, qarTulad ori TargmaniTaa cnobili. erT-erTi, romlis dasawyisi aseTia: `movediT ukue yovelni tomni... ~, daculia Ath.20 (cag. 29) xelnawerSi (gv. 57-63) da Teofiles Targmans - 56 - warmoadgens. xolo meore, romlis dasawyisia: `movediT yovelni naTesavni da tomni da yovelni enani ZeTa kacTani~, k. kekeliZis miTiTebiT, oTx xelnawerSia Senaxuli: Jer.23 (gv. 6-12), peterburgis saazio muzeumis qarTuli xelnaweri N150 b, S3648 da gelaT. 4 (gv. 78-86) (kekeliZe, et. V, 66). vfiqrobT, efrem mciris anderZis cnoba, sakmao sabuTi unda iyos ioane damaskelis am homiliis efremis Targmnil ZeglTa rigSi mosaqcevad. miT ufro, rom efremis mier am anderZSi dasaxelebuli ioane kvirikes xucesi cnobilia misi sxva anderZebidanac (S1276-is andreZebi), romlis `brZanebiTa da warsagebliT~ araerTi Txzuleba uTargmnia efrems. amdenad SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom dRes ioane damaskelis sakiTxavis `SobisaTKs wmidisa RmrTismSoblisa~ metafrasuli redaqciis qarTulad arsebuli orive versiis mTargmnelis vinaoba cnobilia. aTonur xelnawerSi daculi teqstis mTargmnelia Teofile, xolo ierusalimur, gelaTur da peterburgis saazio muzeumSi dacul xelnawerSi Semonaxuli teqstisa _ efrem mcire. Q92 xelnaweris minaweri efremis naTargmnad acxadebs anastasi antioqelis `kiTxva-migebas vieTme morwmuneTa kacTa mimarT, romelTa hkiTxes quemowerilTa sityuaTaTKs~ (Q92,3v-28r.); S 2406 xelnaweris SeniSvnis avtori ki efremis Targmnilad miiGnevs imave avtoris meore Txzulebas `sityuaY kiTxva-migebiTi saRmrTYsa gulisPmisyofisaTKs~(S 2406, 121-171); erT-erT aTonur xelnawerSi daculi mTargmnelis anderZis GvenebiT (Ath.18) efrem mciris naTargmni Zeglebis sias unda daematos kirile aleqsandrielis mier Sedgenili egzegetikuri katenebi `pavle Targmaniani~, romelic ramdenime xelnaweriTaa Gvenamde Semonaxuli (Jer. 6, 9, 16, A390, Ath. 18, Q1158) da romelic efremis naTargmni Zeglebis bibliografiaSi Setanilia rogorc ioane oqropiris Txzuleba(bregaZe, 1971, 464). efrem mcires uTargmnia kirile aleqsandrielis erTi epistolec, `sxKsa visme episkoposisa mimarT~, romelic aseve araa Setanili misi naTargmni Zeglebis katalogSi (bregaZe, 1971, 429-460). xelnawerTa aRwerilobebis damuSavebis dros aRmoGnda efrem mciris Targmanebis Semcveli kidev ramdenime aTeuli nusxa, romelic araa miTiTebuli efremis naTargmni Zeglebis bibliografiaSi (TvalTvaZe, 1987, b). - 57 - efremis mozraxuldarTuli Targmanebi da maTi Semcveli xelnawerebi. rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, dReisaTvis aRnusxulia efrem mciris mier Targmnili 50-mde avtoris 130-ze meti Txzuleba (bregaZe, 1971, 429-460; TvalTvaZe, 1987a, 108-102; 1987, b, 202-203; xaGiZe, 1991, 137-154). maT did nawils `mTargmnelis mozraxuli~ anderZebi, Sesavali werilebi da sxvadasxva tipis sqolio-komentarebi axlavs. kerZod: mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi erTvis efrem mciris mier Targmnil Semdeg Txzulebebs: 1. basili didis "asketikons" (A 132 , 689); 2. grigol RvTismetyvelis Txzulebebs (A 16, 52, 109, 292, Jer. 8, 13, 15, 43); 3. dionise areopagelis Sromebs (A 110, 163, 189, 684, H 194, S 159); 4. efrem asuris `asketikons~ (A 62, 154, 362, 1115); 5. ioane damaskelis `dialeqtikas~da `gardamocemas~ (A 24, 406, S 1358); 6. Teodorite kvirelis `filoTeon istorias~ (A 682, 689); 7. kasiane hromaelis `TxrobaY wessa da gangebasa egKptisa da aRmosavleTisa monasterTa sakrebulosaTa~(A 154, 166, 682,) 8. `samociqulos~ efremiseul redaqcias (A 137, 677); 9. `samociqulos Targmanebas~ (A 390, Jer. 6, 9, 16, Ath. 18, Q 1158); 10. paladi helenopolelis `lavsaikons”~(A 128, 154, 362, 682). 11. `fsalmunTa Targmanebas~ (Jer. 1, Q 37); 12. hagiografiul Txzulebebs (S 384, K 4, K 5, A 217, S 1276). TiToorola SeniSvna erTvis efremis naTargmn zogierT sxva Txzulebasac. radgan Gveni kvlevis sagans swored efremis, rogorc mTargmnelis, `mozraxuli~ kolofonebi da komentarebi warmoadgens, saWirod vcaniT im ZiriTad xelnawerTa mokle aRwerilobis warmodgena, romlebSic efremis SeniSvnebdarTuli Targmanebia moTavsebuli. A 16. grigol RvTismetyvelis TxzulebaTa krebuli. xelnaweri gadawerilia 1737 wels. Seicavs 368 furcels. nusxuri. Sedgeba ori nawilisagan. TiTeul nawils aqvs Tavisi rveulebrivi aRricxva. ff. - 58 - 4-281 uWiravs grigol nazianzelis Sromebis eqvTime aToneliseul Targmans, xolo ff. 282-368 ki efrem mciris mier Targmnil Txzulebebs. xelnawerSi warmodgenilia efremis naTargmni grigolis Svidi Txzuleba (43-e, 99-e, 42-e, 41-e, me-16, me-100-da me-4 homiliebi) da fsevdonones miTologiuri komentarebi. gadamweri pavle mRvdeli (367r). teqsts axlavs vrceli sqolioebi, xelnaweris kideebze miwerilia misaTiTebeli sityvebi: `Seiswave~, `ixile~, `SuHnieri~ da sxv. aSiaze moTavsebulia mTargmnelis SeniSvna-komentarebic: 282v, 292r, 324v, 328v, 323v, 326v. xelnaweri aRwerili aqvT T. Jordanias (Jordania, 1903, 11) da l. quTaTelaZes (A11). misi vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia T. bregaZis mier Sedgenil `grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi~ (bregaZe, 1988, 114-124). aRsaniSnavia, rom krebulSi, romelic grigol nazianzelis Txzulebebis eqvTime aToniseul (f. 4-281) da efrem mciriseul (f. 282-368) Targmanebs Seicavs, kideze warwerili SeniSvnebi TiToorolaa I nawilSi, xolo II nawilSi ki gacilebiT metia. A 24. krebuli. 148 furceli, nusxuri. Seicavs 1) ioane damaskelis `wyaros codnisas~: a) `dialeqtika~ (5v-35v), b) `gardamocema~ (36r-137v) 2) miqel sKmeonwmidelis `ioane damaskelis cxovrebas~ (138r-145r). 3) efrem mciris `uwyebaY mizezsa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa, Tu romelTa wignTa Sina moiPsenebis~ (145v-147v). krebuli TariRdeba XI s-is II naxevriT an XII saukunis dasawyisiT. gadanusxulia efrem mciris avtografidan (147v); mGxrekali baskanaY (94v). `wyaro codnisas~ I wigns wamZRvarebuli aqvs: a) efrem mciris Sesavali werili `”ese ergasisni Tavni ricxuedni maT Tana narTauliT TavebiTurT...) 1r-v. b) mesame wignis `gardamocemis~ zanduki da winasityvaoba efrem mcirisa (`aha, esera, gqonan asni Tavni saeklesioni...) 2v-4r. teqsts kideebze miwerili aqvs: `Targmani~, `gansazRvrebaY~, `Seiswaveni~ mTargmnelis sqolioebi gvaqvs Semdeg gverdebze: 74v, 92r, 94r, 94v, 105r, 106v, 106v, 107r, 108v, 110r, 136r, 145v. `wyaro codnisas~ anderZebi gamocemulia ramdenjerme (Jordania, 1892, 215-219; TayaiSvili, 1902, 710-717; gorgaZe, 1926, 182-192; damaskeli, 1976, 66-70; damaskeli, 2000, 23-25). am xelnaweris aSiebze moTavsebuli mTargmnelis sqolioebis nawili pirvelad gamoaqveyna T. Jordaniam (Jordania, 1892, 219); `dialeqtikis~ Targmanze darTuli SeniSvnebi _ m. rafavam (damaskeli, 1976, 105, 111, 118,), xolo `gardamocemisa~ _ r. miminoSvilma (miminoSvili, 1966, gv. 116-143). rac Seexeba `uwyebaYs”, igi gamocemulia oTxjer. (TayaiSvili, 1891, XXXVIILVII; Jordania, 1892, 33-37; 47, 53-54, 75-76: yauxGiSvili, 1961, 214-221; bregaZe, 1959). xelnaweris sruli aRweriloba mocemulia A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis 11 tomSi da ioane damaskelis `dialeqtikis~ m. rafavaseul gamocemaSi. A 62. xelnaweri gadawerilia 1706 wels. masSi 364 furcelia. nusx- - 59 - uri. Seicavs efrem asuris `asketikons~, axlavs mTargmnelis sqolioebi Semdeg gverdebze: 138r (ori SeniSvna), 154r, 188r, 237r, 271r, 310r, 389r, 487r, 350r. efremis am SeniSvnaTa nawili gamoqveynebelia A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I, 1 tomSi xelnaweris vrcel aRwerilobasTan erTad. (A11, gv. 211-213). A 79. XII-XIII saukunis agiografiuli krebuli. 459 f. nusxuri. krebulSi Sesulia efrem mciris Targmnili Txzulebanic. 382r-410r gverdebze moTavsebulia `grigol RvTismetyvelis cxovreba~, romlis aSiebze miwerilia mTargmnelis sqolioebi (407r, 410r). xelnaweri aRwerili aqvs T. Jordanias (Jordania, 1903, 76-79), T. bregaZes (A11, 266-270.) misi aRweriloba Setanilia gr. nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcveli qarTuli xelnawerebis aRwerilobaSic (bregaZe, 1988, 206-207). A 90. XIII saukunis xelnaweri, 35 furceli, nusxuri, metafrasuli krebuli, Seicavs dekembrisa da ianvris Tvis agiografiul sakiTxavebs, romelTa nawili efrem mciris naTargmnia. xelnaweris 159v-161v gverdi uWiravs efrem mciris `mozraxuls~: `mosaPsenebeli mcire sKmeonisaTKs loRoTetisa da TxrobaY mizezTa amaT sakiTxavTa TargmnisaTa~, romelic gamosca k. kekeliZem (kekeliZe, et. V, 223-226). xelnaweris vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia A fondis xelnaweri aRwerilobis I tomSi. (A11, 316-325). A 109. XIII saukunis xelnaweri. teqsti alag-alag gacxovelebulia XVIII s-Si, gansakuTrebiT sqolioebi. 269 f. qaRaldi. nusxuri. Seicavs grigol RvTismetyvelis 19 homiliis efremiseul Targmans. aSiebze axlavs mravalricxovani sqolioebi, romelTa didi nawili berZnulidanaa naTargmni (kekeliZe, 1980, 267-268). zogjer ganmartebebTan miwerilia avtoris saxelic. mag.: `maqsime”~ 198v, 200r, 201v, 202r, 221v. teqsts kideebze axlavs: a) miniSnebani (`ixile~, `SuHnieri~ `Seiswave~ da miTiTeba zRaprobaTa rigze. b) mTargmnelis SeniSvna-komentarebi: 4v, 7v, 11v, 35r, 74r, 87v, 80v, 150r, 194v. kideebze moTavsebuli ganmartebebis erTi nawili dawerilia mkrTali melniT xelnaweris gadamweris mier, meore nawili (SedarebiT mogrZo nusxuriT da muqi feris melniT) dawerili unda iyos sxvis mier, xelnaweris gadaweris Semdeg (daaxl. XIV-XV s-Si). mis mierve unda iyos nawilobriv gacxovelebuli mkrTali melniT naweri sqolioebic. gacxovelebis dros daSvebulia Secdomebi. xelnaweri aRwerili aqvT T. Jordanias (Jordania, 1903, 123-124), T. bregaZes (A12, gv. 34-41), gaiane alibegaSvils (alibegaSvili, 1973, 117-148). xelnaweri vrclad aRwera T. bregaZem (bregaZe, 1988, 151158). A 110. TariRdeba XII saukuniT. 224 f. qaRaldi. warmoadgens dionise areopagelis Txzulebebis Semcveli XII saukunis ori nakluli, daSlili da gabneuli xelnaweris furclebisagan Sekrul erT mTlian xelnawers. nakluli adgilebi aRdgenilia XVIII saukunis xeliT. axlavs mTargmnelis anderZi (98r) da marginaluri SeniSvnebi: (23r, 55v, 67r, 99r, 115r). - 60 - dionise areopagelis Txzulebebs wamZRvarebuli aqvs: a) Sesavali: `SewevniTa uflisa Guenisa iesu qristesiTa winabWe sityKsa TxrobaY didisa dionKsisTKs da wignTa maTTKs mis mier aRwerilTa~ (1r-2v) (lolaSvili, 1973, 107-116; misive, 1983, 70-77). b) xelnawerSi Semavali xuTive wignis saerTo zanduki: `sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed xuT wignad ganiyofis erTi ese wigni wmidisa dionKsisi, xolo TKToeulsa Sina arian Tavni esodeni... ~ (3r). xelnaweris kideebze moTavsebulia komentarebi, romelic ekuTvnis maqsime aRmsarebels, germane patriarqs am Txzulebisa da komentarebis qarTul enaze mTargmnels efrem mcires. Txzulebis teqsti da mTargmnelis komentarebi gamocemulia s. enuqaSvilis mier (petre iberieli, 1961). gamocemaSi A 110 xelnaweri A literiTaa aRniSnuli. iambikoebi, romelic am Txzulebas uZRvis gamoqveynebuli aqvT s . yauxGiSvils (yauxGiSvili, 1946, 67-74) da T. kukavas (kukava, 1988). angelozur ZalTa ganamrtebaTa efremiseuli Targmani gamocemulia aqvs a. WumburiZes (WumburiZe, 2001). xelnaweris vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia yofili saeklesio muzeumis (A) koleqciis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I tomSi (A12). A 132. 234 f. nusxuri. ZiriTadi nawili xelnawerisa TariRdeba XII saukuniT. f. 1-4 restavrirebulia XVIII s-Si. Seicavs basili didis `asketikons. ~ aSiebze axlavs mTargmnelis SeniSvna-ganmartebebi:, 10v, 15v 90v, 99v, 131v6v, , 133v, 137v, 139r, 146v, 191v. xelnaweris sruli aRweriloba ix. A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I tomSi (A12, gv. 148-149). basilis `asketikonis~ qarTuli redaqcia da masze darTuli mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi Seiswavla e. xinTibiZem, masve aqvs micemuli am xelnaweris vrceli aRwerilobac. (xinTibiZe, 1968, 75-80). gamokvlevaSi A 132 xelnaweri E literiTaa aRniSnuli. A 137. XIII-XII saukunis xelnaweri. 343 furceli. etrati. nusxuri. Seicavs efrem mciris redaqciis `samociqulos~. a) `saqme mociqulTa~(2r-97r) (saqm. moc., 1950. gamocemaSi A 137 (xelnaweri G literiTaa aRniSnuli da Sedis redaqciis nusxaTa jgufSi. ix. agreTve, J. gariti, 1955). b) `kaTolike epistoleni~ (97v-142v) (kaTolike epist., 1956. gamocemaSi A 137 xelnaweri G literiTaa aRniSnuli da Sedis D redaqciis jgufSi). g) `pavles epistoleni~ (143r-171v) (pavleni, 1974. gamocemaSi A 137 xelnaweri literiTaa aRniSnuli da Sedis D redaqciis jgufSi). aSiebze gadamweris xeliTve miwerilia sityvaTa ganmarteba 19r, 44v, 119r, 162v, 170r, 173r, 173r(II), 182v, 325r. xelnaweri aRwerili aqvs T. Jordanias(Jordania, 1903). aRweriloba mocemulia A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I tomSi (A12, gv. 161-162) da `samociqulos~ Semadgeneli wignebis gamocemebSi(ix. zemoT). A 143. XII saukunis krebuli. 188 f. etrati. daSlili da dazianebuli. nusxuri. Seicavs: a)ioane oqropiris Txzulebebs da 8) paladi helenopolelis `lavsaikonis~ efrem mciriseul Targmans. xelnaweris kideebze mTargmnelis ramdenime SeniSvnaa. gv. 277, 294. - 61 - vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I t. (A 12, 178-134) A 154. XVIII saukunis asketikuri krebuli. 366 f. dazianebuli. Seicavs: a) efrem asuris `swavlans~ (1v-266r). b) paladi helenopolelis `lavsaikons~ (266r-338r). g) kasiane hromaelis ori Txzulebis efremiseul Targmans. xelnawers kideebze miwerili aqvs mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi: 16r, 100v, 255r, 309r. xelnaweris vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I tomSi (A 12, 215-220). A 163. XVI saukunis xelnaweri. nusxuri. 508 gverdi. dazianebuli. Seicavs dionise areopagelis Txzulebebs. uZRvis `winabWe sityKsa TxrobaY didisa dionisisTKs da wignTa maTTKs mis mier aRwerilTa~ (gv. 1-10) (lolaSvili, 1973, 107-116; misive 1983, 70-77). xelnaweris yovel gverdze mnusxvelis wvrili xeliT GarGoseburad Semowerilia komentarebi, romlebic ekuTvnis maqsime aRmsarebels, germane patriarqs da am Txzulebebis qarTvel mTargmnels efrem mcires (gv. 15, 17, 330, 453). fsevdodionise areopagelis Txzulebebi gamocemulia, sadac am xelnaweris vrceli aRwerilobacaa mocemuli (petre iberieli, 1961, 024-025). gamocemaSi A 163 xelnaweri C literiTaa aRniSnuli. A 166. 1710 wlis xelnaweri. 622 furceli, nusxuri. Seicavs: a) efrem asuris `asketikons~ (1r-450r); b) paladi helenopolelis `laksaikons~ (454r-575r); g) kasiane hromaelis `TxrobaY wessa da gangebasa egKptisa da aRmosavleTisa monasterTa sakrebuloTasa~ (575r-588v). teqsts aSiebze axlavs mravali `Seiswave~ da `ixile~. gvxvdeba sqolioebic, romlebSic mTargmneli an gadamweri teqstTan dakavSirebul SeniSvnebsa da ganmartebebs iZleva. xelnaweris vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis 12, tomSi (A12, 248-250). A 189. XII saukunis krebuli (fragmentebi). 101 furceli. Seicavs dionise areopagelis Txzulebebs. xelnaweris kideebi gacveTilia, amis gamo dazianebulia masze moTavsebuli komentarebi, romlebic ekuTvnis maqsime aRmsarebels, germane patriarqs da am Txzulebebisa da komentarebis qarTvel mTargmnels efrem mcires. xelnaweris vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia areopagelis Sromebis gamocemaSi (petre iberieli, 1961) da A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi (A12, gv. 325-326). gamocemaSi A 189 xelnaweri D literiTaa aRniSnuli. A 217. XI-XII saukunis krebuli. 152 f. etrati. nusxuri. Tavbolonakluli. Seicavs oTx hagiografiul Txzulebas. maT Soris efremis `ioane oqropiris cxovreba~“ arasruli saxiT (82r-152v). axlavs mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi: 29r, 35r, 52r, 107r, 114v, 147v. Txzulebis teqsti da mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi dabeWdilia wignSi `Zveli metafrasuli krebulebi~ (goguaZe, 1986). xelnaweris aRweriloba mocemuli aqvs me- - 62 - tafrasuli krebulis gamomcemels n. goguaZes. vrceli aRweriloba gvaqvs A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I, 3 tomSi (A13, gv. 18-19). A 272. 1898 wlis xelnaweri. `wlis metafrasi~. Seicavs metafrasul hagiografiul Txzulebebs, maTgan 19 efremis Targmania, nusxuri, 312 gverdi. kideebze axlavs mTargmnelis ramdenime SeniSvna. xelnaweris vrceli aRweriloba ix. A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi (A13, gv. 137-146). A 292. grigol RvTismetyvelis TxzulebaTa krebuli, 1800 wlis xelnaweri. mxedruli. 405 furceli, gadamweri ioane oses Ze. es krebuli gamoirGeva Tavisi sisruliT naziazelis efremiseuli Targmanebis Semcveli yvela sxva krebulebidan. Seicavs 43 statis, aqedan 17 sityva gvxvdeba efremis Targmanebis Semcvel yvela krebulSi, danarGeni 25 ki mxolod am krebulma Semogvinaxa. sityvebs boloSi erTvis `grigol RvTismetyvelis cxovrebis~ efremiseuli Targmani (386r-403v) xelnawerSi efrem mciris ramdenime anderZia daculi. 1) `dideba RmerTsa yovlisave srulmyofelsa, rameTu, aha, meoreca ganqiqeba ivlianesi srul iqmna, pirvelsave Tana didisa daviT tbelisa miersa, mcirisa efremis mier Targmnili berZnulisagan... ~ 218v. (bregaZe, 1988, 171-172). 2) `sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed ese sakiTxavi qarTulsa Sina ars da esreT iwyebis: „raYsaTKs, Zmano Gemno, udeb iqmneniT . . ~. 289v. (bregaZe, 1988, 174). 3) `locva hyavT, wmidano, qristes moyuareno, efremisTKs Targmanisa, romlisa mier meored iTargmna ese sakiTxavi, rameTu netarisa grigori uSkelis mier. . ~ 312r. (bregaZe, 1988, 175). 4) `dideba Senda, wmidao samebao, bunebiT erTo, xolo guamiT samo, Seurwymelad SeerTebulo da ganuyofelad ganyofilo, romelman jer-iGine meoxebiTa yovladwmidisa RmrTismSobelisa da yovelTave wmidaTa Tana... ~ 329 r-v. (bregaZe, 1988, 180-181). xelnawers erTvis akrostixi, romlis kidurwerilobaa: `friad moZRurebisa ufskrulTagan sruliTa miT sazomiTa srulqmniliTa Semwe Gemda iqmen dResa ganSjisasa, romlisaTKs gxadi undod mcire efrem~ (404 r-v). xelnaweris kideebze mravali miniSnebaa: `Seiswave~, `ixile~, `Suenieri~ `ixile Suenieri~, `ixile saSineli~, `Seiswave gansazRvrebaY~, Txzulebis rigiTi saTvalavis aRmniSvneli asoebi da sxv. aSiebze moTavsebulia mTargmnelis (zogjer gadamweris) mravali SeiswaveSeniSvna, teqstis ama Tu im adgilis ganmarteba: 4r, 6v , 57r, 78v, 87r, 89v, 98r, 110r, 120r, 128r, 129v, 134v, 158r, 163r, 201v, 246r, 251r(sami SeniSvna), 252r, 253, 253r, 253v, 254r, 264r, 268r, 278v, 317r, 319r, 321r, 330v, 332r, 357r, 359v, 360r, 365v, 368,r 375v. xelnaweri aRwerili aqvT T. Jordanias (Jordania, 1903, 292-295), l. quTaTelaZes (A13, 183-191). sruli aRweriloba mocemuli aqvs T. bregaZes (bregaZe, 1988), romelmac gamoaqveyna mTargmnelis SeniSvnebic. - 63 - A 362. XVIII saukunis xelnaweri. 367 f. nusxuri, bolonakluli. Seicavs efrem asuris `asketons~ da paladi helenopolelis `lavsaikons“~axlavs mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi Semdeg gverdebze: 10v, 16v, 96r, 123r, 134r, 170r, 250r, 307r. (A I, gv.81-87). A 390. xelnaweri TariRdeba XI saukuniT. 136f. nusxuri, nakluli, Seicavs pavles epistoleTa komentarebis efrem mciriseul Targmans. xelnawerSi gamoyenebulia sxvadasxva pirobiTi niSnebi, maT Soris `iota~ da `usakuTresi~ efremis mier gasworebuli ~samociqulos~ teqstis aRsaniSnavad. mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi gvaqvs: 23r,33v da 38v-ze. xelnaweri mokled aRwerili aqvs T. Jordanias (Jordania, 1903, 382384) ix. agreTve A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I, 4 tomi. pavles epistoleTa Targmanebaze darTul efrem mciris SeniSvnaTa nawili am xelnaweris mixedviT Seiswavla k. daneliam (danelia, 327-335). A 677. XI saukunis an XII saukunis dasawyisis xelnaweri. etrati. dazianebuli. 245 furceli, nusxuri. Seicavs efrem mciris redaqciis `samociqulos~: a) saqme mociqulTa, 1r-65v; b) kaTolike epistoleni 66r-100v; g) pavles epistoleni 101r-241r. samociqulos erTvis: 1. e. w. `wamebaTa~ (damowmebul adgilTa) cxrili 242r-243v da 2) anderZi mTargmnelisa (nakluli saxiT) 244r-245v. xelnaweri pirvelad T. Jordaniam aRwera (Jordania, 1902, 51). misi SedarebiT sruli aRweriloba mocemulia i. abulaZis gamocemul `saqme mociqulTas~ darTul uamokvlevaSi(saqm. mociql., 1950, 028031). A 682. XIII-XIV saukunis xelnaweri. 293 f. nusxuri. Seicavs: a) paladi helenopolelis `lavsaikons~ (1r-91v) da Teodorite kKrelis `filoTeon istorias~ (80v-155v), romelsac uZRvis efrem mciris winasityvaoba (91v) da erTvis anderZi. xelnaweris kideebze mTargmnelis mravali SeniSvnaa: 97v, 99v, 100,r 101v, 105r, 107r, 113r, 119v, 120r, 141r, 142v, 143v, 149v, 169v, 179v. xelnaweri aRwerilia T. Jordanias mier. (Jordania, 1963, gv. 154155). Teodorite kKrelis `filoTeon istoriis~ efremiseuli Targmani da masze darTuli mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi Seiwavla viqtoria juRelma (juReli, 2008). A 684. XI saukunis xelnaweri. 203f. Seicavs fsevdo-dionise areopagelis Sromebs. axlavs `Seiswaveebi~, romelTa nawili dabeWdilia T. Jordanias mier Sedgenil saeklesio sazogadoebis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis II tomSi (Jordania, 1903, 156-158). teqsti gamocemulia s. enuqaSvilis mier (petre iberieli, 1961). gamocemaSi A 684 xelnaweri B literiTaa aRniSnuli. A 689. XII saukunis xelnaweri. nusxuri. (Jordania xels XII saukunis dasawyisisad miiGnevs). qaRaldi. 602 gverdi. Tavbolonakluli. gadawerilia or svetad. Secavs: 1) basili didis `asketikons (1r-87v) da 2) Teodorite kKrelis `filoTeon istorias~ (187r-369v). axlavs: 1. mTargmnelis, efrem mciris, anderZi, romelic Seexeba `asketikonis"~qarTulad Targmnis istorias: `sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed: - 64 - umetes aTormetisa wlisa JamTa movelodeniT... ~(187r) (Jordania, 1897, 39-40); 2. efremis Sesavali werili `filoTeon istoriis~ gamo: `amas wignsa ewodebis filoTeon istoriaY, romel ars RvTismoyuarebiTi TxrobaY ~(187r-v). (Jordania, 1897, gv. 40-42). 3. efrem mciris anderZi: `didebaY da madlobaY, pativi da TayuaniscemaY... ~ (277r-v) (Jordania, 1897, 43; Sdr. misive, 1892, 220). 4. mrvalricxovani sqolio-komentarebi: 43r, 44r, 47v, 73r, 75r, 84r, 111r, 111v, 114r, 115v, 121r, 158r, 187v, 191v, 194r, 195r, 200v, 203r (ori `Seswavea"), 208r, 214r, 214v, 228r, 237v, 239r, 245v, 265r, 267v, 268v, 269v, 270r, 298r. xelnaweri aRwera T. Jordaniam (Jordania, 1903, 164-168) da is efremis avtografad miiGnia. vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia e. xinTibiZis wignSi `basili kabadokielis `samoRvaweo wignis”~qarTuli redaqciebi ~(xinTibiZe, 1968, 73-74). xelnawerSi gvxvdeba maxvilis niSnebi da komentaris teqstTan damakavSirebeli pirobiTi niSnebi. Teodorite kKrelis `filoTeon istoriis~ efremiseuli Targmani da masze darTuli mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi Seiswavla viqtoria juRelma (juReli, 2008). A 1115. XI saukunis xelnaweri. 245 f. nakluli, dazianebuli. Seicavs efrem asuris `asketikinis~ teqsts. mraval adgilas kideebze aris miniSnebebi: `ixile~, `Seiswave~. mTargmnelis SeniSvna-komentarebi gvaqvs 60r, 138v, 153v, 208v, 223r -ze. xelweris aRweriloba mocemulia A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis IV tomSi (A IV, 1954, gv. 11) A 1338. grigol RvTismetyvelis TxzulebaTa krebuli. 828 f. gadawerilia 1822 wels. teqsts axlavs mravali SeniSvna da sqolio. warmoadgens A 16-is pirs. vrceli aRweriloba ix. T. bregaZis mier Sedgenil gr. naziazelis TxzulebaTa qarTul Targmanebis Semcvel xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi, (bregaZe, 1988, 125-132), agreTve A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi. (A, V, 1955, 412-417). A 1490. XII-XIII saukunis xelnaweri. 185 f. nusxuri. dazianebuli. Seicavs efrem mciriseul Targmanebs gr. naziazelis Sromebisa. aSiaze moTavsebuli SeniSvnebi restavraciis dros GamouWriaT, ris gamoc maTi wakiTxva gaZnelebulia. SeniSvnebi gvaqvs 70v, 80v, 120r-ze. vrceli aRweriloba ix. T. bregaZis mier Sedgenil aRwerilobaSi (bregaZe, 1988, 141-14) da A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis V tomSi (A V, 3234) S 384. TariRdeba XI saukunis damleviT. 888 f. nakluli. nusxuri. metafrasuli krebuli. Seicavs efrem mciris Targmnil sakiTxavebsac, romelTagan ramdenimes axlavs mTargmnelis anderZic: 1 `ioane oqropiris cxovrebis”~bolos darTuli anderZi: `didebaY Senda RmerTo, mizezo keTilTao... ~(gv. 121) (goguaZe, 1986, 07). 2) `dimitri Tesalonikelis wamebis~ anderZi: `gevedrebi yovelTa, romelnica miemTxKneT wamebasa amas... ~ (gv. 488) (Jordania, 1892, n. goguaZe, 1973, 62). 3) `mina megviptelis wamebis”~anderZi: `mamano! ese wmidisa minaYs wamebaY iyo... ~(gv. 643) (Jordania, 1892, 222). - 65 - 4) `grigol sakKrvelmoqmedis cxovrebis anderZi”~ `locva yavT, wmidano RmrTisano, romelnica miemTxvneT... ”~(gv. 728) (S I, 469) xelnaweris aSiebze efrem mciris ramdenime SeniSvnacaa. gv. 58, 62, 340... xelnaweris aRweriloba ix. S fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I tomSi. (S I, 462-469). S 1276. XI-XIII s. metafrasi. 220 furceli. es xelnaweria samecniero literaturaSi kargad cnobili nusxaa, radgan misi erTi nawili aRmoGnda efrem mciris avtografi (metreveli, 1959, 115-125). S 1276 aerTianebs sxvadasxva xasiaTisa da sxvadasxva drois or xelnawers. pirveli (1-115 f) ZiriTadad homiletikuri xasiaTisaa da TariRdeba XI saukunis II naxevriT, II nawili (117-220 f) _ hagiografiuli xasiaTisaa da XII-XIII saukuneSia gadawerili. xelnaweri Seicavs efrem mciris mier Targmnil Txzulebebs, romelTac axlavs mTargmnelis anderZebi (56r, 80v da 115v) da SeniSvnebi: (1r, 4v, 9v, 12r, 18r, 76v, 78v, 111v, 113v). xelnawerSi Setanili seqtembris Tvis sakiTxavebi gamocemulia (goguaZe, 1986). xelnaweri sagangebod Seiswavla e. metrevelma, romelmac mogvca misi vrceli aRwerilobac (metreveli, 1959, 115-125; S II, 136-142)4. H 194. 183 f. 1812 wlis xelnaweri. nusxuri. dionise areopagelis TxzulebaTa efrem mciriseuli Targmani, romelsac uZRvis `winabWe~ da `zanduki~ (gv. 1-14) xelnaweris aSiebze moTavsebul sqolioTa nawili efrem mcires ekuTvnis. (petre iberieli, 1961, 261-263). s. enuqaSvilis gamocemaSi H 194 xelnaweri E literiTaa aRniSnuli. xelnaweris aRweriloba mocemulia H koleqciis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I tomSi da fsevdodionise areopagelis TxzulebaTa qarTuli Targmanis gamocemas darTul gamokvlevaSi. (petre iberieli, 1961, 026-029). Q 37. 1091 wels ioane mTavaraYZis mier gadawerili fsalmunTa Targmanebis xelnaweri. Seicavs 333 furcels. es xelnaweri H 1758-Tan erTad (romelic am nusxis nawilia) srulad Seicavs efremis Targmnili am egzetikuri Txzulebis pirvel nawils (76-e fsalmunis Targmanebamde). xelnaweris sruli aRweriloba gvaqvs Q fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I tomSi (Q I, 43-44) da H koleqcia xelnawerTa aRwerilobis IV tomSi, sadac mocemulia H 1758 xelnaweris aRweriloba, romelic Q 37-is nawilia. amJamad orive xelnaweri SeerTebulia da 37-e nomriT inaxeba Q koleqciaSi. xelnaweris bolo aRweriloba ekuTvnis m. SaniZes (SaniZe, 1968, 102-103). Q 1158. XI saukunis xelnaweri. 317 furceli. Tavbolonakluli, aklia SigadaSigac. nusxuri. Seicavs: `saqme mociqulTas Targmanebas~ (1r-101v); `pavles epistoleTa Targmanebas~ (103r-281v); `kaTolike epis4 S fondis xelnawerebidan mTargmnelis ramdenime SeniSvna gvaqvs S 1358-Si (XVII-XIX s. krebuli), sadac sxva TxzulebebTan erTad Setanilia efrem mciris Targmnili ioane damaskelis `gardamocema~”; S 2561-Si da S 3639Si. - 66 - toleTa Targmanebas ~(281v-316r) `saqme mociqulTas Targmanebas~ uZRvis mTargmnelis winasityvaoba (`usakuTresTaTKs~) mcired Tavnakluli (1r-v) da erTvis anderZi (101v). mTargmnelis anderZebia 103v da 316 r-ze. Q 1158 nusxa xelnawerTa isntitutis axal fondSi (Q) SedarebiT gvianaa Semosuli, ris gamoc es xelnaweri ar moxvedrila Q fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis ortomeulSi. pirveli cnobebi am xelnawerisa da masSi daculi efremis anderZebis Sesaxeb gamoaqveyna T. koWlamazaSvilma(koWlamazaSvili, 1995), masve ekuTvnis am manuskriptis vrceli aRweriloba da masSi daculi efremis kolofonebis pirveli publikaciac (koWlamazaSvili, 2003, gv. 338-345). `samociqulos Targamanebis~ efremiseuli Targmanis teqsti gamosacemad moamazada da `mociqulTa saqmis~ ganmartebebi gamoaqveyna e. koWlamazaSvilma (samociqulos ganmarteba, I, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada da winasityvaoba daurTo e. koWlamazaSvilma, Tb., 2000). K 5. quTaisis saxelmwifo muzeumis xelnaweri XVI saukunisa. 579 f. nusxuri. Seicavs dekembris Tvis metafrasul sakiTxavebs, romelTa erTi nawili efrem mciris Targmnilia. krebulSi bolo Txzulebad (31 dekembris sakiTxavi) Setanilia `cxorebaY melania hromisaY~ efrem mciriseul Targmani, romelsac mosdevs efrem mciris `mozraxuli~ _ `mosaPsenebeli mcire sKmeonisaTvis loRoTetisa da TxrobaY mizezsa amaT sakiTxavTa TargmnisaTa~ (576v-579v). (kekeliZe, et. V, 223-225). Jer 15* . XIII saukunis xelnaweri. nusxuri. Seicavs fsalmunTa Targmanebis efremiseuli Targmanis teqsts. Tavnaklulia. 1r-6r uWiravs `Sesavals~, romlis dasawyisi dazianebulia. es xelnaweri erTaderTia, romelsac Semounaxavs `Sesavlis~ bolo nawili sruli saxiT. `Sesavlis~ teqsti gamoqveynebulia: (TayaiSvili, 1914, 243-269; bleiki, 1926, 159-160; SaniZe, 1968, 77-122). 115 r-ze da 199 r-ze gvaqvs mTargmnelis `Seiswave~. xelnaweris aRweriloba mocemulia r. bleikis (bleiki, 1924, 12), n. maris (mari, 1955, 9) aRwerilobebSi. xelnaweris fotopiri aRwerili aqvs m. SaniZesac (SaniZe, 1968, 104). Jer 8 (cag.131, mari 19). grigol RvTismetyvelis TxzulebaTa krebuli. XII saukunis xelnaweri 192 f. bolonakluli. dazianebuli aqvs kideebi. Seicavs grigol nazianzelis 10 homiliis efrem mciriseul Targmans. xelnaweris kideebze aris miniSnebani: `Seiswave~, `ixile~, `Suenieri~ da mTargmnelis SeniSvna-komentarebi (145r, 163r, 178v, 180r). xelnaweri aRwerili aqvT a. cagarels (cagareli, 1882, 180, misive, 1886, 98), n. mars (mari, 1955, 49), r. bleiks (bleiki 1924, 27-29). bleiki xelnawers aTariRebs XIII-XIV saukuniT. vrceli aRweriloba mocemuli aqvs T. bregaZes (bregaZe, 1988, 138-140). Jer 9 ( mari 5). samociqulos Targmaneba. XI-XII s. nusxuri. nakluli. 198 f. gadamweri dosiTe. Seicavs pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis te5 ierusalimis da aTonis xelnawerTa nomrebs vuTiTebT bleikis aRwerilobebis mixedviT. frGxilebSi mogvyavs Sesabamisi nomrebi da al. cagarelisa da n. maris aRwerilobebidan. - 67 - qsts. axlavs mTargmnelis `Seiswaveebi~ Semdeg gverdebze: 39r, 119r, 71r, 76r. xelnaweris vrceli aRweriloba mocemulia r. bleikis (bleiki, 1924, 30) da n. maris mier. (mari, 1955, 11-12). a. cagarelis aRwerilobaSi es xelnaweri ar moxvedrila. mTargmnelis enobriv-leqsikuri da istoriul-bibliografiuli xasiaTis sqolioni ganxiluli aqvs k. danelias (danelia, 1982, 328-335). masve aqvs mocemuli am xelnaweris mokle aRwerilobac (iqve, gv. 317). am xelnawerSi dadasturelubli mTargmneliseuli SeniSvnebi Seiswavla z. sarjvelaZem (sarjvelaZe, 1984, 227-229). Jer 13 (cag.128, mari 8). XIII-XIV saukunis xelnaweri, 384 f. Seicavs grigol nazianzelis Txzulebebis efrem mciriseul Targmanebs. Sedgeba ori nawilisagan. I nawilia grigolis 16 homilia, romelsac mosdevs sofron ierusalimelis ` sityuaY Sesxmisa wmidisaTKs da didisa grigoli RmrTismetyuelisaY~ (250v-277r), xolo II nawili (279r-dan bolomde) warmoadgens grigol RvTismetyvelis am sityvaTa komentarebs. ganmartebebi dalagebulia im rigiT, rogoriTac homiliebi. zogierT ganmartebasTan miwerilia avtoris saxeli. xelnaweri naklulia. aklia daaxloebiT 45 furceli. gadamweria giorgi qvitireli (277r). erTvis efrem mciris anderZi (250r, da akrostiqi (277v-287v). xelnaweris orive nawilis aSiebze gvxvdeba sxvadasxva miniSnebani da mTargmnelis SeniSvna- `Seiswaveni~. 48r, 119r, 135r, 137r, 213r, 232v, 241v, 248r, 262r, 269r, 292v, 319r, 344r, 382r, 398v. xelnaweri aRwerili aqvT a. cagarels (cagareli, 1888, 180; misive, 1894, 22-23), n. mars (mari, 1955, 19-29), r. bleiks (bleiki, 1924, 3336). bleiki xelnaweris meore nawils qaRaldisa da xelis mixedviT XVII saukuniT aTariRebs, rasac ar eTanxmeba am xelnaweris bolo vrceli aRwerilobis avtori T. bregaZe, romelsac is erTi xeliT (XIII-XIV s.) dawerilad miaGnia (bregaZe, 1988, 159-167) Jer 15 (cag.99, mari 10). XII saukunis xelnaweri. 282 f. Tavbolonakluli, nusxuri. Seicavs grigol RvTismetyvelis 17 homiliis da grigol xucesis `grigol RmrTismetyelis cxovrebis"~efrem mciriseul Targmans. aSiebze moTavsebulia sqolioebi, romlebic wvrili nusxuriTaa naweri. sqolioTa didi nawili berZnuli dednidanaa gadmoRebuli, magram zogierTi SeniSvna aSkarad qarTvel mTargmnels ekuTvnis. kideebze moTavsebulia miniSnebani: `ixile~, `ixile Suenieri~, `ixile ese adgili~, `zRaprobanis~ Tavebis miTiTebani da sxva pirobiTi aRniSvnebi. komentaris teqstTan dasakavSireblad gamoyenebulia mravali pirobiTi niSani (qajaia, 1969). xelnaweris aRwerili aqvT cagarels (cagareli, 1892, 171) romelmac is XII-XIV saukuneebiT daTariRa, mars (mari, 1955, 30-32), is xelnawers XIII saukunisad miiGnevda da r. bleiks (bleiki, 1924, 41-42), romelmac igi aseve XIII saukuniT daaTariRa. vrceli aRweriloba ekuTvnis T. bregaZes (bregaZe, 1988, 133-138), romelsac xelnaweri XII saukunis nusxad miaGnia. Jer 16 (cag.138, mari 25). XII saukunis xelnaweri, 280 f. nusxuri. Seicavs teqsts da Targmanebebs mociqulTa saqmisa da Svidive kaTolike - 68 - epistolisa. uZRvis efrem mciris anderZi(2r-3v), romelic `samociqulos Targmanebaze~ mis mier gaweuli Sromis Sesaxeb gvawvdis cnobebs. (bleiki, 1926, 160-166; abulaZe, 1950, 029-031, koWlamazaSvili, 2000, 12-15. misive, 2003, 327-331). axlavs mTargmnelis SeniSvna-komentarebi. xelnaweri aRwerili aqvT a. cagarels (cagareli, 1894, 25-26), n. mars (mari, 1955, 55-62), e. koWlamazaSvils (koWlamazaSvili, 2003, 326-334). mokle aRweriloba mocemuli aqvs k. daneliasac (danelia, 1982, 315316). `samociqulos Targamanebis~ efremiseuli Targmanis teqsti gamosacemad moamazada da `mociqulTa saqmis~ ganmartebebi gamoaqveyna e. koWlamazaSvilma (samociqulos ganmarteba, I, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada da winasityvaoba daurTo e. koWlamazaSvilma, Tb., 2000). Jer 30 (cag.126, mari 24). sadResaswaulo krebuli 257 f. nusxuri. TariRdeba XII-XIII saukuniT. Seicavs andria ierusalimelis, ioane oqropiris, giorgi nikomidielis epifane kviprelis, gr. RvTismetyvelis, meTodis, ioane damaskelis, basili didis homiliaTa Targmanebs, romelTa didi nawili efrem mciris Targmania. xelnawers erTvis zanduki, `SewevniTa RmrTisaYTa zanduki wignisa amis, romelsa uwodian sadResaswauloY”~257r. manuskripti aRwerili aqvT r. bleiks (bleiki, 1924, 64-67), n. mars (mari, 1955, 52-54) da T. bregaZes (bregaZe, 1988, 201-202). Jer 38. metafrasuli krebuli. XII-XIII s. 479 f. dazianebuli. sxva sakiTxavebTan erTad Seicavs efrem mciriseul Targmanebsac, romelTagan zogierTs erTvis mTargmnelis anderZic. (16r). da „Seiswaveni“ 25r, 28v, 34r, 36r, 145v, 153r, 172v, 226v, 408v, 410v.xelnaweri aRwerilia r. bleikis (bleiki, 1924, 78-82), n. maris (mari, 79-81) da T. bregaZis mier (bregaZe, 1988, 208-209). r. bleiki xelnawers aTariRebs XIII-XIV saukuniT. Jer 43 (mari 34). XII-XIII saukunis xelnaweri. 307 f. Seicavs grigol RvTismetyvelis 17 homilias, `grigol nazianzelis cxovreba~, fsevdonones miTologiur komentarebs da `muPlebi iambikoYs~ efrem mciriseul Targmans. xelnawers uZRvis: a) efrem mciris epistole kvirike berisadmi (1r-4r); b) akrostiqi, romlis kidurwerilobaSi ikiTxeba gadamweris saxeli georgi (4r); g) zanduki saeklesioTa aTequsmetTa RmrTismetyuelisa sakiTxavTaY. d) sqolioebze da teqstSi dasmuli miniSnebebis ganmarteba (`mzisTuali~ `varkulavi~, `Suenieri~, `Seiswave~) 4v. xelnaweris kideebze moTavsebulia komentatorTa vrceli sqolioebi, sxvadasxva saxis miTiTebani, mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi. gv. 25r, 51r, 140r, 162r. xelnaweri aRwerili aqvT r. bleiks (r. bleiki, 1924, gv. 86-90), n, mars (mari, 1955, 71-78) da T. bregaZes (bregaZe, 1988, 144-151). xelnaweris kideebze moTavsebul komentarTa didi nawili berZnuli dednidan momdinareobs. igive komentarebi sxva ierusalimur xelnawers (Jer.13) grigolis 16 homiliis Semdeg calke Txzulebebis saxiT aqvs darTuli. (oTxmezuri, 1989, 18-31). - 69 - Ath 18 (cag. 82)6. xelnaweri TariRdeba XV-XVI saukuniT, Seicavs 256 gverds. r. bleikis aRwerilobis mixedviT (bleiki, 1932, 116), naweria odnav moSavo aRmosavlur qaRaldze, SemorGenilia xeze gadakruli yavisferi tyavis ydis mxolod qveda mxare, romelic Semkulia naxatebiT. teqsti naweria nusxuri anbaniT, or svetad. svetSi 35 striqonia. furclis zomaa 34, 0 X 23, 5 sm, nawerisa _ 26, 0 X 18, 0; svetebs Soris manZili 1, 2 sm. melani Savi, saTaurebi da dasawyisebi singuriT. SemorGenilia rveulebriv paginaciis niSnebi k~a-dan l~b-mde (21-dan 32-mde). Tavnaklulia. xelnaweris Tavsa da boloSi mikerebulia sxva nusxis fragmentebi: 1) 6 furceli aRmosavlur qaRaldze Savi melniT, or svetad naweri nusxuri teqsti, svetSi 38 striqoniT, furclis zomaa 33, 0 X 23, 0 sm, nawerisa 27, 5 X 17, 0; svetebs Soris manZili 2, 0 sm. TariRdeba XIV-XVII s-iT da warmoadgens Telogiurfilosofiuri xasiaTis Txzulebis fragments. 2) 243-256 gverdebi uWiravs aseve aRmosavlur qaRaldze daweril liturgikuli xasiaTis Txzulebis fragments. teqsti naweria nusxuriT, Savi melniT, erT svetad. svetSi 26 striqoni, furclis zoma 25, 5 X 17, 7 sm, nawerisa _ 20, 0 X 13, 0 sm. mikrofiridan damzadebuli fotopiris paginacia gverdobrivia. xelnaweris ZiriTadi nawili (gv. 13-234) uWiravs pavle mociqulis epistoleTa komentarebis efrem mciriseul Targmans, romelic Tavnaklulia (iwyeba ebr. 6, 10 muxlis TargmanebiT), erTvis mTargmnelis anderZi (gv 235-238), kirile aleqsandrielis epistole ("moswrafebaY da swavlismoyuarebaY siwmidisa SenisaY... gv. 238-242) da mTargmnelis iambiko (gv. 234-235). aSiebze moTavsebulia marginaluri SeniSvnebi (sqolioebi: gv. 37, 132, 141, 154, 238 da miTiTebani: gv. 86, 88, 121, 129, 132, 151, 152, 166. xelnawerSi. gvxvdeba sasveni niSnebi da pirobiTi aRniSvnebi. mTargmneli _ efrem mcire (gv. 235). xelnaweri Seicavs Semdeg Txzulebebs: 1. grigol noselis `pasuxi equsa maT dReTaTKs~ (fragmenti) gv. 1-127. 2. [pavle mociqulisa wigni ebraelTa mimarT] ... Targmani: mravalJam mxi... es axa. . maT aw kualad ... scemisa sityKTa gankurnebaY wylulebaTa, raYTa aRivsnes... gv. 13-108. SeniSvnebi: 1) ebraelTa mimarT epistoles Targmaneba Tavnaklulia. iwyeba me-6 Tavis me-10 muxlis TargmanebiT. 2) Targmanebis bolos aris minaweri teqstSive asomTavruli `ebraelTa mimarT miwera wigni ese italiaYT timoTes mier. muPli R~g, Tavni k~b wamebani l~ (gv. 108) 3. pavles mociqulisa wigni timoTes mimarT pirveli~- pavle mociquli 6 7 xelnaweri aqamde vrclad ar yofila aRwerili. amitom warmovadgenT mis srul aRwerilobas. fragmentis raoba daadgina e. koWlamazaSvilma, ix. pavles epistoleTa ganmarteba gamokrebuli ioane oqropirisa da sxva wmida mamaTa Txzulebebidan Targmnili eqvTime mTawmidelis mier, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada da gamokvleva daurTo e. koWlamazaSvilma, Tb., 2003. - 70 - iesu qristesi, brZanebiTa RmrTisa macxovrisa GuHnisaYTa da uflisa iesu qristes sasoebisa GuenisaYTa, guakurTxen, mamao. GuHlebaY daucavs wesi... gv. 110-169. SeniSvnebi: 1) uZRvis: a) `uwyebaY mizezsa timoTes mimarT pirvelisa epistolisasa~ (gv. 108) da b) `Tavni timoTes pirvelisa ebistolisani~(gv. 109) 2) erTvis minaweri asomTavruliT: `timoTes mimarT miwera epistole pavle laodikiaYT, romel ars dedaqalaqi frigKsaY, muPli sz~, Tavni iH~ 4. `pavles mociqulisa wigni timoTes mimarT meore~- pavle mociquli qriste iesuYsi nebiTa RmrTisaYTa aRTqumisa misebr cxorebisa qristes mier, guakurTxen, mamao. aha, esera cxadyo, viTarmed... gv. 169-206. SeniSvnebi: 1. uZRvis: a) "uwyebaY mizezsa timoTes mimarT meorisa ebistolisasa (gv. 169); b) Tavni timoTes meorisa wignisani" (gv. 170). 2. erTvis minaweri asomTavruliT: "timoTes mimarT meore ebistole miwera hromiT meored raY gankiTxul iyo neronis mier. muPli r~, o~b, Tavni T~. (gv. 206). 5. `pavle mociqulisa wigni tites mimarT~. _ pavle monaY RmrTisa da mociquli qriste iesuYsi sarwmunoebisaebr rGeulTa RmrTisaTa da mecnierebiTa WeSmaritisaYTa, romel ars RmrTismsaxurebaY, guakurTxen, mamao, ixile, viTar sazogado hyofs sityuaTa amaT Tavisa TKsiTKs... gv. 207- 227. SeniSvnebi: 1) uZRvis: a) "`webaY mizezsa tites mimarT ebistolisasa (gv. 206), b) "Tavni tites mimarT ebistolisani" (gv. 207). 2) erTvis: "tites mimarT pirvelisa episkoposisa kritelTaYsa miwera nikopoliT makedoniisaYT. muPli J'z, Tavni v~ ~ (gv. 227). 6. `pavle mociqulisa wigni filimonis mimarT. ~ -pavle mociquli qriste iesuYsi da timoTe ZmaY filimons sayuarelsa da TanaSemwesa GuHnsa da apfias dasa da arqiposs Tanamesagresa GuHnsa da saxlisa Senisa krebulTa madli Tquenda da mSKdobaY RmrTisa iesu qristessa, guakurTxen, mamao. myis dasabamsave krulad saxelisdebiTa Tavisa TKsisaYTa... gv. 228-234. SeniSvnebi: 1) uZRvis: a) uwyebaY mizezsa filimonis mimarT ebistolisani (gv. 227); b) "Tavni filimonis ebistolisani" (gv. 227) 2) erTvis: `filimonis miarT miwera hromiT onisimes monisa, raJams erTgzis gankiTxul iyo neronis mier. muPli lz~, Tavni b~, (gv. 235) 7. `uwyebaY mizezsa wignisa amis mravalTa wignTa erTad~- viTarmed mociqulisaTa... gv. 235-238. SeniSvna: warmoadgens efrem mciris anderZs, romelSic mTargmneli ganixilavs pavles epistoleTa komentarebis qarTulad gadmoRebis sakiTxs. anderZi gamoqveynebulia (TvalTvaZe, 1989, 220-221) amis Sesaxeb ix. agreTve, d. TvalTvaZe, 1995; anderZis meore publikacia ix. e. koWlamazaSvili 2003, gv. 335- 338). 8. `wmidisa mamisa GuHnisa kKrile aleqsandriel mTavarepiskoposisaY, romelman Targmnna yovelnive sawinawarmetyuHlono wignni da aRwerna sxuani wignni mravalni, ebistole sxKsa visime ebiskoposisaY mimarT, - 71 - romeli vedrebul iyo misda, raYTamca aRwera mokle TargmanebaY wmidisa mociqulisa pavles ebistoleTaY". _ moswrafebaY da swavlismoyuarebaY siwmidisa SenisaY friad mTnda me, wmidao mamao... ~gv. 238-241. SeniSvnebi: 1) 238-e gverdze aris minaweri nusxuriT. `Targmnili mamisa efTKmesi~ 2) epistole daculia kidev erT aTonur xelnawerSi (Ath. 39 bleikiT, 79 cagarliT, sadac is win uZRvis kirile aleqsandrielis Sromas „mokle TargmanebaY pavles ebistoleTaY (P.G.t. 74 col. 773-1006) (ix. kekeliZe et. V. 87; d. TvalTvaZe, 1989(a), 14-17. epistoles qarTuli Targmanis teqsti gamoqveynebulia (TvalTvaZe, 1995, koWlamazaSvili, 2003, gv. 291-292) 9. paraklitonis fragmenti. wydeba: „winamorbedo mzisa simarTlisao, qristes naTlismcemelo, ioane didebulo, lamparo sulisa Gemi... SeniSvnebi: I xelnaweri Seicavs pavle mociqulis ebraelTa mimarT (6, 11 muxlidan), timoTes mimarT I, timoTes mimaroT II, timoTes mimarT da filimonis mimarT epistoleTa Targmanebas. amaTgan timoTes mimarT II, tites da filimonis mimarT epistoleTa Targmanebis teqsti aqamde ar iyo cnobili (ix. danelia, 1983, 315-318) da Senaxulia mxolod am xelnawerSi. II. Targmani ekuTvnis efrem mcires. (ix. kekeliZe 1920, XIX-XXII, an et. XI, 1973, 189-191; misive, 1960, 256-257; misive, petriwis samwerlo moRvaweobidan, promeTe, I, 1918, 66); danelia, 1974, 27-46; danelia, 1983, 296; 386; abulaZe, 1950, 012; misive, Zveli qarTulis leqsikidan, 1959, 162; javaxiSvili, 1949, 38. ; SaniZe, 1965, 253; sarjvelaZe, 1984, 211, 219, 227; koWlamazaSvilma, Tb., 2003). III. xelnaweris aSiebze moTavsebulia: 1) Seiswaveni: a) "Seiswave, rameTu rva STasaval uwodian wignsa mas origenesgan rva kapatonad dawerilsa, romelsa moiPsenebs wmidaY epifane kKpreli mTavarebiskoposi, rameTu igive da erTi sityuaY ZuHlTa wignTa rvajer weril ars, raYTa Seatyunes urTierTas, pirvelad ebrauli ebrauliTa asoYTa, meored ebrauli sityuaY berZuliTa asoYTa, mesamed sameocdaaTTaY, meoTxed akKlaYsi, mexuTed ummaxoYsi, meeqused Teodotionisi, meSKded da merved Wursa Sina povnilni igi ieriqos, romelTa saxelebi ucnaur ars Tu vieT Targmnnes~ (gv. 37). b) `Seiswave, rameTu episkoposi berZnulisa enisagan zedamxedvelad gamoiTargmanebis" (gv. 132). g) `Seiswave, rameTu romelni igi saWmelTa meginebulad qadagebiTa imaxvides, maT ewodebis wvalebaY mmarxvelTaY~ (gv. 141). d) "Seiswave, rameTu berZnulad erT ars saxeli xucisa da moxucebulisaY, xolo amas Targmani cxad-hyofs, Tu aqa mociquli xucessa ityKs, anu Tu moxucebulsa~ (gv. 154). e) `Seiswave, ese igi onisime ars, romeli [JamTa] tertul[ianes... [e]parxozisaTa... [ierusale] ms Sina... [Rirs]iqmna wamebiTa srul [yo]fad, miiRo raY misgan GinebaY da mus[rvi]Ta wKvTaYTa~(gv. 230). 2. miTiTebani: kanoni saeklesioY a(gv. 121); kanoni saekle- - 72 - sioY b(gv. 129); kanoni saeklesioY g(gv. 132); kanoni saeklesioY d(gv. 151); kanoni saeklesioY e(gv. 152); kanoni saeklesioY v (gv. 166). `ese Tavi berZnulad aqa iyo~(gv. 86), `xolo qarTulad aqa ars~ (gv. 88) (SeniSvna gakeTebulia albaT iH~ Tavis gamo). 3. iota (Ϟ), romelic aRniSnavs pavles epistoleTa giorgi aToniseul TargmanSi efrem mciris mier Sesworebul adgilebs da teqstSi mis gaswvriv yovelTvis aris sityvebi: `usakuTres ars esreT~. (ix. k. danelia, 1974, gv. 27-46). `iota~ gvxvdeba: gv. 16, 22, 26, 36, 37, 41, 44, 49, 50, 55, 58, 59, 62, 63, 86, 88, 94, 97, 102, 106, 111, 119, 154, 180, 184, 192, 192, 196, 197, 202, 203, 224. 4. aSiaze miwerilia, agreTve, teqstSi gadamweris mier SemTxveviT gamotovebuli sityvebi da winadadebebi, ris aRsaniSnavadac gamoyenebulia Gamatebis aRmniSvneli sagangebo niSani (gv. 16, 26, 50, 69, 74, 132, 137, 189). IV. xelnawerSi singuriT da asomTavruliT aris gamoyofili zogierTi komentaris avtoris saxeli: Kkumenisi _ gv. 27, 37, 38, 39, 50, 57, 82, 92. ; isidoresi _ gv. 132, 144, 147, 196, 198; . didisa basilisi _ gv. 15; . kKrilesi _ gv. 157. V. nusxaSi gamoyenebulia punqtuaciuri niSnebi: erTwertili, orwertili da samwertili. sami wertili (:.) gamoiyeneba citirebuli teqstis mosaniSnadac. VI. minawerebi mxedruliT: `RmerTo, Seiwyale uRirsi xucesmonazoni iakob qarTveli sabralo~ (gv. 1); ` sulo Gemo, sulo aRdeg, raYsa gZinavs: aRsasruli moaxlebula, ganiRKZe, raYTa Segiwyalos Sen [qristeman RmerTman], romeli yovelgan ars da yovelsave aRavsebs ~. minawerebia agreTve gv. 60, 84, 103, 121, 127, 131, 134, 147, 150, 159, 161, 162, 165, 166. VII. 234-e gverdze moTavsebulia efrem mciris iambiko, romlis kidurwerilobaa efrem. esreT uxarin mweralsa da mTargmnelsa furceli igi werad dasasrulisaY raoden ucxoYT saxid TKssa mosrulsa erTiRa biji Sina Semyvanebeli mxiarulebiT hmadlobn da aqebn RmerTsa. amas mosdevs jvris formiT dawerili sityvebi (gv. 235) T a efrem r ityKs g m a n i - 73 - T a v i II mTargmnelis mozraxuli `Tavisa da boloYsa anderZebi~ anderZi, a. SaniZis ganmartebiT, aris "wignis bolos moTavsebuli cnoba wignis dawerasTan dakavSirebul garemoebaTa Sesaxeb, bolosityva. anderZi (avtorisa, mTargmnelisa an gadamwerisa) dRevandeli gagebiT winasityvaobas udris, magram mas wignis bolos aTavsebdnen xolme" (SaniZe, 1946, 84). qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis mixedviTac anderZi aris "minaweri Zveli xelnawerebis boloSi, romelic Gveulebriv gvamcnobs damweris vinaobas, daweris dros an adgils" (qegl., 1986, 34). amgvari anderZebi erTvis uZveles qarTul xelnawer krebulebs: "sinur mravalTavs", "Satberdis krebuls", miqel modrekilis "iadagars", eqvTime da giorgi aTonelebis, efrem mciris, arsen iyalToelis, Teofile xucesmonazonis da sxvaTa Targmanebs. imis mixedviT, Tu vis ekuTvnis anderZi, misTvis damaxasiaTebelia ramdenime aucilebeli komponenti. upirveles yovlisa, yvela anderZi iwyeba RvTaebis SeqebiT, rasac Semdeg mosdevs momgeblis, damkveTis an muSaobis procesSi xelSemwyobi pirebis locva-kurTxeva, moxsenieba sakuTari Tavisa; Tuki anderZi gadamwerisaa, dasaxelebulia xelnaweris gadaweris TariRi da adgili. avtoris an mTargmnelis andeZebSi SeiZleba Segvxvdes sxvadasxvagvari cnobebi Txzulebis dawerisa da Targmnis Sesaxeb. anderZi, Gveulebriv, mTavrdeba isev RvTaebis qebiT da "momavalTa naTesavTagan" locva-kurTxevis gamoTxoviT. amgvari anderZebi, rogorc wesi, wignebs bolos daerTvis da zomiTac pataraa. magram qarTul xelnawerebs axlavs sxvagvari anderZebic (umTavresad mTargmnelis an avtorisa), romlebic, rogorc e. metreveli aRniSnavs, "Gveulebriv Seicaven cnobebs ama Tu im Zeglis Targmnis istoriidan, amJRavneben am Zeglisadmi avtoris damokidebulebas da amasTan dakavSirebiT mis istoriulsa da literaturul Tvalsazriss. am rigis anderZebiT xSirad vecnobiT im siZneleebs Tu xelSemwyob pirobebs, romlebic anderZis avtors xvdeboda muSaobis procesSi" (metreveli, 1959, a, - 74 - 98). aq, anderZebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli zemoT GamoTvlili aucilebeli komponentebis garda, gvaqvs sakmaod vrceli daxasiaTeba gaweuli muSaobisa, TxzulebasTan dakavSirebul istoriul-bibliografiuli cnobebi, xSirad saRvTismetyvelo msjelobac. amgvari anderZebi Gveulebrivi kolofonis GarGoebSi ver etevian da ufro mTargmnelis (an avtoris) damoukidebel naSromebs warmoadgenen saTargmnad arGeuli Txzulebis Sesaxeb. xSirad mTargmnelis aseT vrcel anderZSi mocemulia ara marto Txzulebis Targmnis istoria (vis mier iTargmna, rodis iTargmna, arsebobda Tu ara adre sxva Targmani, ratom iTargmna xelaxala da a. S.), aramed mimoxilulia berZnuli dednebic, mocemulia cnobebi berZnul enaze sxvadasxva redaqciaTa arsebobis Sesaxeb da sxv. erTi sityviT, mTargmnelis es anderZebi erTgvari filologiuri naSromebia, romlebic "Tavisi SinaarsiT da daniSnulebiT avtoris (an mTargmnelis) winasityvaobas an bolosityvaobas udris" (metreveli, 1959, a, 98). qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi winasityva, anu winasityvaoba asea ganmartebuli: "Txzulebis ZiriTadi nawilis win moTavsebuli mokle werili (sacnobaro xasiaTisa) dawerili avtoris an redaqtoris mier (qegl, t. VIII, 1122); bolosityva, anu bolosityvaoba ki gansazRvrulia rogorc "wignis bolos darTuli mcire statia, romelic Seicavs wina nawilis Sesaxeb raime ganmartebas // daskvniTi nawili sityvakazmuli mwerlobisa" (qegl, t. I, 096). efrem mciris Targmanebs darTuli "Tavisa da boloYsa anderZebi" swored am tipis winasityvebi da bolosityvebia. isini im mecnieruli aparatis erT-erT aucilebel komponentad gvevlinebian, romliTac aRWurvilia efremis Targmanebi. anderZebis erTi nawili wina mTargmnelTa msgavsad efrem mciresac naTargmni Txzulebis bolos, anu "bolosa wignisasa" mouTavsebia. aseTi anderZebi axlavs basili kesarielis "asketikons" (A689, 187r), grigol RmrTismetyvelis calkeul Txzulebebs (A292v; 215v; 272v; 312r, 329r-v;), zogierT agiografiul Txzulebas (S 1276,8r; 56r,115v; S 384, 242; 318; 364; 488; A 90, 310-314; K 5, 576-579). magram efremis TargmanTa umravlesobas `mTargmnelis mozraxuli~ anderZebi "Tavsa da bolosa wignisasa" uweria e. i. uZRvis winasityvaoba, anu "Tavisa anderZi" da erTvis bolosityvaoba anu "boloYsa an- 75 - derZi". aseTia: 1. ioane damaskelis "wyaro codnisas" Targmani, romelsac uZRvis mTargmnelis vrceli winasityvaoba da zanduki (A24,1r-4r; S 1358,8r-11r; A406,1v-7v) da erTvis efremis mokle anderZi (A24,137v); 2. `TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY~, romelsac uZRvis Sesavali _ `uwyebaY mizezsa da viTarebasa da TxrobaY wessa da saPmarebasa winamdebarisa amis wignisasa, romel ars `TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY~ (Q37,1r-7v; Jer.1,1r-6r; S1472,1r-4v; A14,1r-4v; Q675,3r-5v) da pirveli wignis bolos8 erTvis mTarmnelis anderZi (Q37,316v); 3. `samociqulos Targmanebas~ iwyebs Sesavali werili mTargmnelisa, romelic exeba ara mxolod `saqme mociqulTas~, aramed epistoleTa Targmanebis sakiTxebsac(Jer.16,1r2r; A677, 244r-245v) da amTavrebs efremis anderZ-bolosityvaoba _ `uwyebaY mizezsa wignisa amis mravalTa wignTa erTad Semokrebulisasa”(Ath.18, 235-238), romelSic mTargmneli, marTalia, `samociqulos~ erTi nawilis, kerZod, pavles epistoleTa Targmanebaze msjelobs, magram mTlianad `samociqulos Targmanebis~ qarTulad gadmoRebis sakiTxebsac exeba da sxvaTa Soris axsenebs da imowmebs `Tavsa zeda werili uwyebasac~ (ix. amis Sesaxeb qvemoT); 4. Teodorite kvirelis `filoTeon istorias~ win uZRvis mTargmnelis `Tavisa anderZi~ (A689, 187r) da erTvis `boloYsa anderZi”(A689, 277r-v); 5. dionise areopagelis TxzulebaTa Targmans uZRvis `winabWe sityKsa-TxrobaY didisa dionKsisTKs da wignTa maTTKs mis mier aRwerilTa”(A110, 1r-2v; A163, 1-15) da boloSi erTvis mTargmnelis anderZ-bolosityvaoba (A110,98r; S159, 174; K416,151 v); 6. grigol nazianzelis sadResaswaulo homiliebis krebuls wamZRvarebuli aqvs mTargmnelis epistole beri kvirikesadmi, romelic am krebulis winasityvaobis magivrobas swevs. es Sesavali uZRoda albaT grigol RmrTismetyvelis homiliaTa efremiseuli Targmanebis Semcvel sxva krebulebsac (Jer.13, Jer.15), magram isini Tavnaklulia da amitom efremis es winasityvaoba ar SemounaxavT. nazianzelis Teqvsmetsityvian krebulebs boloSi, rogorc Gans, erTvoda 8 efremis am Sromis II nawili Gvenamde ar Semonaxula - 76 - `boloYsa anderZic~ mTargmnelisa, romelic imave mizeziT dRes mxolod erT krebulSia (Jer. 13, 249 r) Senaxuli. rogorc vxedavT, efremisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli yofila mTargmnelis mozraxuli anderZebis darTva wignis Tavsa da boloSi. amis Taobaze efremi TviTonac ara erTxel aRniSnavs: Tavsa da bolosa moqceuli Gemi mozraxuli Seucvlelad dawereTo. gadamwerebsac SeusrulebiT misi mravalgzisi Txovna da qarTulma xelnawerebma efrem mciris Targmanebze darTuli mTargmnelis 30 anderZi Semogvinaxes. kerZod: 1. ioane damaskelis "wyaro codnisas ("dialeqtika" da "gardamocema") anderZ-winasityvaoba ("ese ergasisni Tavni ricxuedni...") daculia A24(1r-v), S 1358(8r-v), A406(1r-2v) xelnawerebSi (Jordania, 1892, 215-219; rafava, 1976, 66-67; gorgaZe, 1926, 182-192). 2. `gardamocemis~ Targmans boloSi erTvis mTargmnelis mokle anderZi (`locva yavT, qristes moyuareno, gabrielisTKs, romlisa brZanebiTa iTargmna... ~), romelic mxolod erT xelnawers SemorGa, kerZod XII saukunis nusxas A24(137v) (rafava, 1976, 47) 3. dionise areopagelis TxzulebaTa TargmanebisaTvis efrem mcires waumZRvarebia `winabWe sityKsa _ TxrobaY didisa dionKsisTKs da wignTa maTTKs mis mier aRwerilTa~, romelic dRes or xelnawerSia daculi. A110(1r-2v) da A163 (1-15) (lolaSvili, 1973, 107-116; misive, 1983, 70-77). 4. dionise areopagelis `saRmrToTa saxelTaTKs~ qarTuli Targmanis anderZi (`kurTxevaY vrcelTa dionisios oxaTa ieroTeoTurT sam xelnawerSi gvaqvs: A110(98r), S159 (gv. 174) da K416 (151v) (petre iberieli, 1961, gv. 019). 5. grigol nazianzelis Teqvsmetsityviani krebulebis `Tavisa anderZi~ (`bersa kKrikes mcire efrem... ~) erTaderT ierusalimur xelnawers SemorGenia. kerZod, Jer.43(1r-4r) (bleiki, 1926, 57-172; mari 1955, 71-76; bregaZe, 1988, 147). 6. grigol nazianzelis krebulebis `boloYsa anderZic~ (`didebaY da madlobaY dasabamsa da srulmyofilsa yovelTa keTilTasa... romelman srul yvna aTequsmetni ese saeklesioni sityuani... ~, aseve erT xelnawerSia Senaxuli: Jer.13 (249r) (bleiki, 1926, 171-172; mari, 1955, 22-23; bregaZe, 1988, 163). - 77 - 7. SemogvrGa grigol nazianzelis calkeul Txzulebebs darTuli mTargmnelis ramdenime anderZi. kerZod: efremis anderZi, romelic erTvis ivlianes II gansaqiqebel sityvas boloSi (`dideba RmerTsa yovlisave srulmyofelsa, rameTu aha, esera, meoreca ganqiqeba ivlianesi srul iqmna...) A 292, 218v (bregaZe, 1988, 171). 8. anderZi, romelic erTvis grigolis Txzulebas `mimwodebelTa da aradamTxveulTa mimarT~ (`sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed, ese sakiTxavi qarTulsa Sina ars da esreT iwyebis...~) A292, 282v (bregaZe, 1988, 174). 9. misive sityvis "evnomianosTa mimarT da RmrTismetyvelebisaTKs winaganbWobaY" boloSi darTuli anderZi mTargmnelisa ("locva hyavT, wmidano da qristesmoyuareno, efremisaTKs Targmanisa, romlisa mier meored iTargmna ese sakiTxavi... ") A292,314r (bregaZe, 1988, 175). 10. anderZ-bolosityvaoba nazianzelis TxzulebaTa korpusis Targmanis dasrulebis gamo (`dideba Senda, wmidao samebao, bunebiT erTo, xolo guamiT samo, ... romelman jeriGine... ~) A292, 331r-v. (bregaZe, 1988, 182). 11. `fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ Sesavali (`uwyebaY mizezsa da viTarebasa da TxrobaY wessa da saPmarebasa winamdebarisa amis wignisasa, romel ars TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY~) Semonaxulia ramdenime xelnaweriT: Q37(1r-7v); Jer.1(1r-6r); S1472(1r-4v); A14(1r-4v) da Q 677(3r-5v). (SaniZe, 1968, 77-122). 12. fsalmunTa Targmanebis I wignis bolos darTuli mTargmnelis anderZi (`didebaY da pativi, TayuaniscemaY da madli samguamovnebiT cnobilsa da erTarsebiT aRsarebul wmidasa samebasa...) mxolod Q37 xelnawers SemorGa (Q37,316v). (Jordania, 1892, 214). 13. basili kesarielis `asketikonis~ bolos moTavsebuli anderZi (`sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed, umetes aTormetisa wlisa JamTa movelodeniT patiosnisa mRvdlisa prokopis mier Targmnilsa asketikasa... ~) gvaqvs A689 xelnawerSi (187r) (Jordania, 1897, 39-40; xinTibiZe, 1968, 176). 14. Teodorite kvirelis `filoTeon istoriis~ Sesavali (`amas wignsa ewodebis filoTeon istoriaY~, romel ars RmrTismoyuarebiTi TxrobaY... ~) A689 (187r-187v) da A682(91v93v) xelnawerebSi (Jordania, 1897, 40-42). 15. `filoTeon istoriis~ anderZ-bolosityvaoba (`dide- 78 - baY da madlobaY, pativi da TayuaniscemaY mamasa da Zesa, romelman... srulyo esec wigni mamaTaY locviTa berTa GuenTaYTa... ~) imave A 689 xelnaweris 277r-v-ze da A 682-is 183vze (Jordania, 1892, 220. T. Jordania mas SecdomiT paladi helenopolelis `lavsaikonis~ anderZad miiGnevs). 16. `samociqulos Targmanebis~ anderZ-winasityvaoba (`ese sacnaur iyavn yovelTa, romelni miemTxKneT wmidasa amas wignsa... ~) sam xelnawerSi gvaqvs daculi: Jer.16(2r-3v), fragmentulad A677(244v-245v) da Q 1158(102r-v), (bleiki, 1926, 160-166; saqm. mociqul., 1950, 029-031; mari, 1955, 55-62; koWlamazaSvili, 2000, 12-15; 2003, 327-331). 17. pavles epistoleTa komentarebze darTuli anderZi, `uwyebaY mizezsa amis mravalTa wignTa erTad Semokrebulisasa~, romelic mTeli `samociqulos TargmanebisTvis~ daweril `boloYsa anderZad~ gvevlineba. igi erTaderT aTonur xelnawerSia daculi (Ath. 18, 235-238; TvalTvaZe, 1989, 220-221). 18. `mociqulTa saqmis Targmanebis~ anderZi (`didebaY da madlobaY dasabamsa da srulebasa yovelTasa arsTasa... ~) erTaderT Q1158 xelnawerSia SemorGenili (Q1158, 101, koWlamazaSvili, 1996; 2003, 341). 19. "kaTolike epistoleTa Targmanebis" bolos darTuli anderZi ("locva yavT andriasTKs xuces-monazonisa, romel yofil ars mwerali berZnulisa amis wignisaY... "), romelic imave Q 1158 xelnawerSia daculi (Q 1158, 316, koWlamazaSvili, 1996, koWlamazaSvili, 2003, 343). 20. pavles hromaelTa mimarT epistoles TavTa GaminaTvalze darTuli anderZi mTargmnelisa, romelic mxolod Q1158 xelnawerSia daculi (Q 1158, 103v, koWlamazaSvili, 2003, 343-344) 21. `ioane oqropiris cxovrebis~ bolos darTuli anderZi (`didebaY Senda, RmerTo maRalo, yovelTa keTilTao dasabamo... ~) S384, 121-122 (Jordania, 1892, 221-22; SI,462; goguaZe, 1986, 307-308). 22. `dimitri Tesalonikelis cxovrebis~ anderZi (`gevedrebi yovelTa, romelni miemTxKneT wamebasa amas... ~) S384, gv. 488 (Jordania, 1892, 239; S,I, 465). 23. `mina megKptelis wamebis~ anderZi (`wmidano mamano! ese wmidis minaYs wamebaY iyo Zueladve Targmnili kimenisa- 79 - gan... ~) S384, 643, (Jordania, 1892, 222); SI,467). 24. grigol noselis `grigol sakKrvelmoqmedis cxovrebis~ bolos darTuli anderZi mTargmnelisa (`locva yavT, wmidano RmrTisano, romelnica miemTxKneT aRwerilsa amas wmidisa grigol noselisasa cxorebasa didisa grigoli sakKrvelTmoqmedisasa... ~) S 384, 728 (Jordania, 1892, 224; S I, 468). 25. miqael sKmeonwmidelis `ioane damaskelis cxovrebis~ boloSi miwerili anderZi (`locva yavT, qristemoyuareno, ioanesTKs mRdelisa da monazonisa, romlisa brZanebiTa vTargmne... ~) daculia sam xelnawerSi S 1276,56r; Jer.38,16r da Sin 91,gv... (kekeliZe, et. VII, g136-177); metreveli, 1959; S I,137). 26. metafrasuli krebulis anderZi `mosaPsenebeli mcire sKmeonisaTKs loRoTetisa da TxrobaY mizezTa amaT sakiTxavTa TargmnisaTa~ A90, 310-314; K4, 576-579 (kekeliZe, et. V, 223-226). 27. mTargmnelis anderZ-minaweri axlavs grigol noselis sityvas `SobisaTKs da GGKlTa beTlems mowyuedilTa~ efremis avtografad miGneul xelnawerSi S 1276,80r. (`ufalo, Seiwyale mRdeli ioane... ~ metreveli, 1959; S II, 137). 28. epifane kKprelis sakiTxavs `mucladRebisaTKs anaYsa~ (`SemindeviT, sxuaY sakiTxavi mucladRebisaY ver vpoe... ~) S 1276, 56r. (metreveli, 1959, S II, 136). 29. mTargmnelis anderZ-minaweri axlavs sofron ierusalimelis Txzulebas `sityuaY SesxmisaY wmidisaTKs da didisa grigori RmrTismetyuelisa~ imave S 1276 xelnawerSi 115v-ze. (`ufalo miec madli mamasa iovanes... ~ (metreveli, 1959, 120, S II, 139). 30. mTargmnelis mokle anderZi erTvis ioane damaskelis sakiTxavs `SobisaTKs RmrTismSoblisa~, romelic Jer.38 xelnawerSia mxolod daculi (`locva yavT, qristesmoyuareno, ioanesTKs, kKrikes xucisa... ~ 12r). (rafava, 1990, a, 107). zemoT warmodgenili anderZebis nusxa, SeiZleba iTqvas, efremis originaluri Sromebis sias warmoadgens, radganac am anderZnamagTa didi umravlesoba Tavisuflad SeiZleba GaiTvalos mecnierul filologiur naSromebad. - 80 - `samociqulos Targmanebis~ kolofonebi. efrem mciris mozraxuli anderZebis didi nawilis pirveli gamocema T. Jordanias ekuTvnis, romelmac Tavis "qronikebSi" dabeWda isini. SemdgomSi calkeulma mkvlevrebma efremis naTargmn TxzulebebTan erTad masze darTuli mTargmnelis winasityvaoba Tu bolosityvaobac gamoaqveynes (r. bleiki, n. mari, s. gorgaZe, e. metreveli, s. enuqaSvili, e. xinTibiZe, mz. SaniZe, m. rafava, i. lolaSvili, T. bregaZe, n. goguaZe). efremis andreZebis umravlesoba dabeWdilia qarTul xelnawerTa aRwerilobis Sesabamis tomebSi, magram xelnawerTa arc erT aRwerilobaSi ar aris miTiTeba efrem mciris kidev erT anderZze, romelic erTvis pavles epistoleTa komentarebis efrem mciriseuli qarTuli Targmanis teqsts Ath. 18 xelnawerSi. sazogadod aTonuri xelnawerebi da kerZod Ath. 18 xelnaweric qarTvel mkvlevarTaTvis bolo xanebamde miuwvdomeli iyo. r. bleikis da a. cagarlis mier mocemuli aRweriloba am xelnawerebisa Zalian moklea da xSirad mxolod ZiriTad cnobebs gvawvdis manuskriptis Sesaxeb. amiT aixsneba is garemoeba, rom Ath. 18 xelnaweris Sesaxeb, romelic pavles epistoleTa komentarebis teqsts Seicavs, am Zeglis qarTuli Targmanebis mkvlevari prof. k. danelia, romelic miuTiTebs A390, Jer.6,Jer.9 xelnawerebTan erTad am aTonur xelnawerzec, misi mxolod zogadi daxasiaTebiT kmayofildeba da aRniSnavs: `samwuxarod, am ukanasknel xelnawerze xeli ar migviwvdebodao~ (danelia, 1983, gv. 318). aTonidan qarTul xelnawerTa mikrofirebis Gamotanis Semdeg SesaZlebeli gaxda am xelnawerebis Seswavlac. pirveli gamokvleva aTonuri xelnawerebis siaxleebis Sesaxeb dabeWda i. lolaSvilma (lolaSvili, 1982), gamoica xelnawerTa erTi nawilis (sul 18 xelnaweris) vrceli aRwerilobac (aTon. xeln. aRw., 1986), magram GvenTvis saitereso xelnaweri maT ricxvSi ar moxvedrila. amitomac vcaniT saWirod warmogvedgina misi sruli aRweriloba da iq daculi efrem mciris anderZis vrceli analizi. xelnaweri, romelic r. bleikma XV-XVI saukuniT daaTariRa (bleiki, 1932, 116), Seicavs 256 furcels. aqedan pirveli 6 furceli (gv. 1-12) da bolo 6 furceli (gv. 243-256), romlebic sxva Txzulebis fragmentebia, rogorc Gans, Gak- 81 - erebulia gvian. gansxvavebulia rogorc xeli, aseve naweris zoma da svetSi striqonTa raodenobac. xelnaweris ZiriTadi nawili (gv. 13-235) pavle mociqulis epistoleTa komentarebis teqsts uWiravs, romelsac mosdevs mTargmnelis, efrem mciris bolo dromde ucnobi anderZi (gv. 235-238; TvalTvaZe1989, 210-221,) anderZs ki Tavis mxriv mohyveba kirile aleqsandrielis epistole (gv. 238-242), romelic aseve ucnobi iyo aTonuri xelnawerebis Seswavlamde (TvalTvaZe, 1989, 14-17; 1995, 359-361). xelnaweri pirvelad a. cagarelma aRwera, romelmac igi 82-e nomriT Seitana Tavis katalogSi (cagareli, 1886, 93) da XIV-XVI saukuniT daaTariRa. a. cagarlis aRweriloba Zalian moklea, igi mxolod ZiriTad cnobebs gvawvdis am xelnaweris Sesaxeb. aRniSnulia, rom xelnaweri Seicavs pavles epistoleTa ganmartebebs, Sesrulebulia qaRaldze, nusxuriT, da rogorc saerTod yvela xelnawers aTonis monastrisa, masac cudi tyavis yda aqvs gadakruli. aRsaniSnavia, rom 1883 wels, roca cagarelma imogzaura aTonze da aRwera iqauri qarTuli siZveleni, am aTonur nusxaSi gverdebis raodenoba naklebi yofila. cagareli uTiTebs 117 furcels (e. i. 234 gverds), anu swored imdens, ramdenic uWiravs xelnaweris ZiriTad Txzulebas _ pavles epistoleTa Targmanebas. Gans, masSi jer kidev ar yofila Gakerebuli is furclebi, romlebic sxva Txzulebis fragmentebs warmoadgenen da romlebic bleikis mier am xelnaweris aRwerisas ukve am nusxis nawilad aRiqmeboda. al. cagarlis mokle aRwerilobaSi Txzulebis mTargmneli miTiTebuli ar aris. ra Tqma unda, aRwerilobaSi araferia naTqvami arc mTargmnelis anderZze da arc kirile aleqsandrielis epistoleze. xelnaweri SedarebiT sruladaa aqvs aRwerili r. bleiks (bleiki, 1932, 116). manve miuTiTa, rom xelnaweri Seicavs pavle mociqulis epistoleTa Targmanebis teqsts efrem mciris TargmaniT (ebraelTa 6, 11-dan bolomde). r. bleikis aRwerilobaSi efrem mciris anderZi Sesaxeb miTiTeba ar aris, ar aris iq cnoba arc kirile aleqsandrielis epistolezec, romelic, rogorc aRvniSneT, efremis anderZs mosdevs. bleikis aRwerilobaSi arc xelnaweris aSiebze moTavsebuli SeniSvnebis Sesaxeb aris aRniSnuli. miTiTebulia - 82 - mxolod erTi gviandeli minaweri, romelic wignis Semkazmeuls ekuTvnis. efrem mciris `mozraxuli~ anderZebisa da `Seiswaveebis~ Segroveba-Seswavlisas, rodesac efremis Targmanebis Semcveli TiTqmis yvela xelnaweri gadavaTvaliereT, aTonidan Gamotanil mikrofirebs Soris wavawydiT swored am xelnawers (Ath. 18/82), romelSic, garda efrem mciris manamde ucnobi anderZisa da kirile aleqsandrielis zemoT dasaxelebuli epistolisa, aRmoGnda Zveli qarTuli mwerlobisaTvis metad mniSvnelovani teqstebi: ganmarteba pavles timoTes mimarT II, tites da filimonis mimarT epistoleebisa, romlebic aqamde dakargulad iTvleboda (danelia, 1983, 318). efrem mciris mier Targmnili es egzegetikuri Txzuleba "samociqulos Targmanebis" erTi nawilia. efremiseuli Targmanis teqsti sruli saxiT Semonaxuli ar aris. misi calkeuli nawilebi daculia ramdenime xelnawerSi (kerZod: Jer.16(bl)/138(cag)/25 (mar); A390; Jer.9, 15(mar.) cagarlis aRwerilobaSi es xelnaweri ar moxvedrila); Jer. 6(bl)/21(mar), Ath. 18(bl) /82(cag); magram es xelnawerebi garkveulwilad avseben erTmaneTs. rogorc pavles epistoleTa da misi Targmanebebis mkvlevari k. danelia SeniSnavs: "Gans, pavles epistoleTa Targmaneba yvelaze metad dazianebulia, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, Tavsa da boloSi, Tavidan gvaklia: hromaelTa da korinTelTa epistoleebis Targmaneba (I korinTelTasi nawilobriv), bolodan ki II timoTes, tites da filimonis mimarT epistoleebisac. (gvakliao rom vambobT, es ar niSnavs, rom saerTod dakarguli iyos es nawilebi, SesaZloa, isinic moipovebodes piradad GvenTvis amJamad gamouyenebel xelnawerSi~ (danelia, 1983, 318). marTlac, Ath.18 xelnawerSi, romlis gamoyeneba pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis teqstis Seswavlis dros mkvlevars ar SeeZlo, aRmoGnda am egzegetikuri Sromis efremiseuli Targmanis bolo nawili, kerZod: ebraelTa mimarT epistolisa (6, 11dan bolomde), I timoTes, II timoTes, tites da filimonis mimarT epistoleTa Targmaneba, romelTagan bolo sami ( II timoTes, tites da filimonis mimarT epistoleebisa), rogorc aRvniSneT, arc erT sxva xelnawerSi ara gvaqvs. Ath. 18 xelnaweris monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis efremiseuli - 83 - Targmanis teqstis bolo sruli saxiT aris daculi zemoTaRniSnul aTonur xelnawerSi. mas Semdeg, rac e. koWlamazaSvilma Q 1158 xelnawerSi miakvlia pavles epistoleTa komentarebis efremiseuli Targmanis dasawyiss _ hromaelTa mimarT da korinTelTa mimarT I epistolis Targmanebas (koWlamazaSvili, 1996; misive 2003), SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pavle mociqulis epistoleTa ganmartebebis efrem mciriseuli Targmani sruli saxiT gvaqvs xelT. pavles epistoleTa Targmanebas, romelic, rogorc Gans, asrulebda `samociqulos Targmanebis~ korpuss, erTvis mTargmnelis iambiko, romlis kidurweriloba gvaZlevs wakiTxvas `efrem~ da mTargmnelis anderZi (gv. 235-238), romlis saTauria `uwyebaY mizezsa wignsa amis mraval wignTa erTad Semokrebulobisa~ (TvalTvaZe, 1988, 220-221) anderZSi, rogorc saTauridanac Gans, mTargmnels gadauwyvetia gvesaubros im mizezebis Sesaxeb, romlebmac gamoiwvies pavles epistoleTa ganmartebebis `mravalTa wignTagan erTad Semokreba~ e. i. Sedgena kompilaciuri, gamokrebili Targmanebisa. efremi dasawyisSive gvafrTxilebs, rom pavle mociqulis epistoleebis Targmaneba wminda ioane oqropirs ekuTvnis, ris dasturad `ioane oqropiris cxovrebaSi~ daculi erTi cnoba mohyavs, romlis mixedviTac ioanes mowafes, prokles, uxilavs, Tu rogor karnaxobda TviT mociquli Tavisi epistolebis ganmartebas ioane oqropirs (`iyo pavle mociquli miyrdnobil misa zurgiT kerZo Tavadmde iovanHsa da piri misi yursa Tana marjuHnesa iovanessa da hzraxvida mas, ... xolo igi werda~ (ioane oqropiri, 1986, 51-56). mociqulis GagonebiT da karnaxiT dawerili am ganmartebebis mixedviT SemdgomSi mokle Targmaneba SeudgeniaT, romlis Seqmnis istoriazec gvesaubreba efremi. anderZis mizani naTelia: mTargmnelma SewevniTa RmrTisaYTa mokled unda ganacxados `Tu viTar didTa TargmanTagan SemokrebiTi ese Targmani gamokrebul ars~ (Ath.18, 235). efremi am sakiTxis Sesaxeb msjelobas im mizezebis aRniSvniT iwyebs, ramac gamoiwvia ioane oqropiris vrceli Targmanebis Semokleba. saxarebebis TargmanebaTa msgavsad, samociqulos wignTa ganmartebebic `vrclad Tav-Tavoan da swavlian ars da mraval wignad ganyofili~ da mravalwigno- 84 - bis gamo `saWiro ars glaxakTa kacTa mier mogebaY maTi”: e. i. ioane oqropiris vrceli, Tavebad da swavlebad dayofili Targmanebani, sadac samociqulos wignebis yoveli Tavis muxlobriv ganmartebas oqropiris vrceli `swavlaY~ mosdevs, sididis gamo mraval wignadaa ganyofili da amitomac gaZnelebuli yofila maTi SeZena (`saWiro ars mogebaY maTi~). amisTvisac winaswar izruna yovlisa winaganmgebelman RmerTman da ara litoni kacis, aramed wminda kirile aleqsandrielis xeliT Sedgenil iqna Semoklebuli Targmaneba. Tu viTar moxda es, `amis viTarebasa viswavebT epistolisa misgan didisa kKrile aleqsandrielisa~, romelsac dainteresebuli mkiTxveli, efremis TqmiT, ipovis `Tavsa wignisa mis pavles Targmnad garemowerilisasa~, e. i. wignis dasawyisSi. efremi, rogorc keTilsindisieri mecnieri, gamokrebuli Targmanebis Seqmnis istoriaze msjelobisas kirile aleqsandrielis am epistoles mimarTavs, romelic kiriles miuweria damkveTisaTvis, `sxKsa visme espiskoposisaTKs”: `amis wignisa TaviT kerZoY igi epistole amas cxadyofs, _ wers anderZSi efremi, _ `viTarmed visme moswrafesa eTxova didisa kKrilesgan, raYTa pativTa zeda samociquloYsa wignisaTa waruweros Semoklebuli Zali sityKsaY, raYTa aqundes mas erT wignad pavle Targmniani. amisTKs wmidaY igi miuwers, gulmodginebasa missa aqebs da cxad-hyofs, viTarmed ioane oqropirisa TargmanTagan gamoukrebies mas mokle Zali sityKsaY da adgil-adgil sxuaTaca wmidaTaY daurTavs, sadaca upovnies sakiTxavTa Sina ganmartebaY samociquloYsa sityKsaY"(Ath. 18, 236). efremis am debulebas savsebiT Seesabameba kirile aleqsandrielis epistoles Sinaarsic, sadac kirile dawvrilebiT msjelobs mis mier gaweuli samuSaos xasiaTze: radgan pavle mociqulis epistoleebi, wminda ioane oqropiris garda, romelmac sruli Targmaneba mogvca yvela epistolesi, grigol RmrTismetyvels, did basili kesariels da aTanasi aleqsandrielsac ganemartaT, `arRara Pel-vyav yovlisave TaviT GemiT Targmanebad, aramed maT wmidaTa mier aRwerilisagan gamovkribe da romelime Gemmierica SevZineo~, _ acxadebs kirile (Ath.18, 238; TvalTvaZe, 1995, 359). efremi anderZSi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom pavles komentarebis gamokrebili Targmaneba, Sedgenili kiriles - 85 - mier, ar aris misi originaluri Sroma: `vinaYca viTarca aw berZulisagan gKswavies, ara kKriles Targmnili ars garemowerili igi Targmani pavles sityuaTaY, aramed viTarca ityKs dasabamsa, oqropirisa TargmnilTagan wignTa Semoukrebis mokle Zali TiToeulisa sityKsaY". efremi gvaZlevs kiriles mier gaweuli muSaobis srulyofil daxasiaTebas, rasac garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvs bizantiuri saeklesio mwerlobis istoriisaTvis (amis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT). efrem mciris cnobiT, kirile erideboda "samociqulos" teqstis gankveTas da amitom kideebze, anu efremis sityvebiT "pativTa zeda" garemouweria sxvadasxva komentatoris ganmartebani pavles epistoleTa Sesabamisi adgilisa. efremi SeniSnavs, rom am saxis Targmaneba gansxvavdeba sxva TargmanebaTagan (Tundac ioane oqropiris vrceli Targmanebisagan, romelSic komentarebis teqsti gabmiT aris naweri da mTlianad Targmaneba ki dayofilia Tavebad da swavlebad, iseve rogorc saxarebebis Targmanebanio), da maT gansakuTrebul saxels uZebnis "pavle Targmaniani", (resp. pavle Targmniani~), xolo Gveulebriv TargmanebaTa teqsts uwodebs "pavles Targmans": "xolo garemoweraY igi amisTKs uqmnia, raYTa ara ganikueTos samociquloY sityuaY, aramed ricxKTa oden da niSniTa kideTa zeda Targmani moiRebodis. amisTKs mas ara pavles Targmani hqvan, aramed "pavle Targmniani" (Ath. 18, 336). efremi gansakuTrebul Rirsebad uTvlis kiriles Sedgenil Targmanebas mis `erTwignobas~ da `sityvis Zalis~ mokled warmoGenas, radgan vrcel TargmanebaSi `ganTesulsa Zalsa sityKsasa~ mciredniRa mixvdebian, aq ki TviT wminda kirile aleqsadrielis mier Semokrebul ars, Tanac ara mxolod ioane oqropiris `didisa pavles Targmanisagan~, aramed sxva wminda mamebis sakiTxavebidanac, sadac ki `ipoebis samociquloYsa sityKsa TargmanebaY, ... yovelive aqa Semoukrebies da TiToferTa yuavilTagan erTad golad saukunoYsa sitkboebisa morwmneTad daaunjebies~ (Ath.18, 337). efremis azriT, `raoden igi (e. i. oqropiris `pavles Targmani~) hmats sivrciTa da swavlaTa simravliTa, egoden ese (kiriles `pavle Targmaniani~) sxKT kerZo hmats erT wignad SemokrebiTa da mokled Zalisa sityKsa gancxadebulobiTa~. Tumca efrems, romelic yovelTvis momxrea berZnuli ded- 86 - nis qarTulad zustad gadmotanisa da qarTuli xelnaweri wignebis `berZnulsa wessa zeda gamarTvisa~, am SemTxvevaSi daurRvevia es saxelmZRvanelo principi, da wminda mamebis, Tavisi moZRvrebis _ saba Tuxarelis da antoni tbelis _ miTiTebiT, kiriles "garemowerili", "moTxviTad mowerili", ganmartebebis naclad e.w." marTlgawyobili" Targmaneba moucia. anu gansamartavi muxlis irgvliv aSiebze miwerili komentarebi, romlebic sagangebo pirobiTi " niSnebiT ukavSirdebodnen teqsts da romelic "saeklesiod sakiTxavad da sawereladca Znel iyo", erTmaneTis miyolebiT "marTlgawyobiT" dauweria `uadvilesobad mweralTa da mkiTxvelTa~ Ath. 18, 237). `egreT umjobesad wames berTa GuHnTao, ~ _ gvarwmunebs efremi. anderZidan irkveva, rom efrems, rogorc mkacr filologs, Rrma da safuZvliani winaswari muSaoba Gautarebia am Zeglis Targmnis dawyebamde. mas winaswar moukvlevia da Seuswavlia pavles epistoleTa komentarebis berZnuli dednebi da im daskvnamde misula, rom arsebobs am komentarebis sami redaqcia a) vrceli, ioane oqropiris `pavles Targmani~, b) gamokrebili anu garemowerili Targmaneba Sedgenili kirile aleqsandrielis mier (`pavle Targmaniani~) da g) gviandel komentatorTagan Sevsebuli redaqcia `pavle Targmanianisa~, romelic SeurGevia swored saTargmnad efrems da romlis berZnuli dednebi misTvis uSurvelad mouwodebia, sKimeonwmidis lavris winamZRuaryofils klimis, `kacsa brZensa da GuHnda didad TanaSemwesa”(Ath. 18, 238). (efremis mier berZnuli dednebis Sesaxeb mowodebuli cnobebis mniSvneobaze ix. qvemoT, Tavi III.) gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa efremis anderZis erTi adgili, sadac mTargmneli mimarTavs gadamwerebs: `Guen erTwignobaY gKxarkebia, raYTa, msgavsad `samociquloYsa~ Targmanica misi erT wign iyos da amis pirisaTKs zogi adgili ZliT ikiTxvebis, xolo Tquen Pel-gewifebis or wignad farTod daweraY, romelsa RmerTman Zali mogces gardawerad, mxolod usakuTresTaTKs Tavsa zeda werili igi uwyebaY orisave wignisa Tavsa miaxuHdroT da mciredTa amaT sityuaTa adgil-adgil mozraxulTa, Gem sawyaloblisa efrem mcirisaTa daweraY nu gewyinebis, rameTu esreT maqunda brZanebaY, raYTa Sina araraY GavrTo, aramed kideTa zeda da - 87 - Tavisa da boloYsa anderZTa Sina vikadro dawerad. ~(Ath.18, 238). pavles epistoleTa Targmanebaze darTul am anderZSi arsad aris saubari "usakuTresTa" Sesaxeb, rac rogorc k. daneliam gaarkvia (danelia, 1974, 37-39), aris ara raime gansakuTrebuli pirobiTi niSani (rogorc es miaGndaT adre), aramed sityvieri aRniSvna teqstis SigniT samociqulos Secvlili muxlebis win ("usakuTres ars..."), TviTon TargmanSi ki sistematurad aris gatarebuli "iotiTa" () da "usakuTresiT" teqstis koreqtirebis es cnobili efremiseuli meTodi. kerZod: (gv. 16, 36, 37, 44, 49, 50, 58, 59, 62, 64, 86, 88, 94, 97, 106, 108, 154, 196, 203). safiqrebelia, rom efremis "uwyebaY", romelSic laparaki iyo "usakuTresTaTKs" da misive cnobiT "Tavsa zeda weril iyo", aris samociqulos Targmanebaze darTuli efremis is cnobili winasityvaoba, romelic daculia Jer. 16/25, A 677 xelnawerebSi da kargad aris Seswavlili (bleiki, 1926, 160-166; mari, 1955, 55-62; saqm. mociqul., 1950, 029-030). amas gvafiqrebinebs isic, rom am ori anderZis monacemebi erTmaneTs emTxveva da erTgvarad avseben kidevac erTmaneTs. Gveni azriT, Jer. 16/25-Si daculi efrem mciris `mozraxuli~, romelsac am xelnaweris dasawyisSia moTavsebuli (2r-4r), aris saerTo Sesavali werili, mTargmnelis winasityvaoba, anu `Tavisa anderZi~, romelic efrems dauweria ara mxolod `saqme mociqulTas Targmanebis~ gamo (am xelnawerSi mxolod mociqulTa saqmis ganmartebebi gvaqvs), aramed `samociqulos~ samive wignis TargmanebaTa qarTulad gadmoRebasTan dakavSirebiT. `Tavisa anderZSi~ ramdenjerme aris miTiTebuli imaze, rom efremis mier gaweuli muSaobis Sesaxeb moyvanili msjeloba exeba mTel `samociqulos”: `rameTu maTive Targmnili saqme mociqulTaY, kaTolikeni da epitolebi winamesxnian da samociquloY sityuaY mier damiweria~ (Jer.16,2r): `sadac uPmda SecvalebaY da sxuHbr cvalebaY sityuasa samociqulosa qarTulsa, romeli maSinRa ZliT gulisPmaiyofebodis, odes samni, gina oTxni Targmanni pavlisani da egodennive leqsikonni, romel arian RrmaTa wignurTa sityuaTa anbansa zeda ganwyobilni sityuani, erTad Semovkribni~ (Jer.16,2r); `wmidasa mamasa GuHnsa giorgis ara egoden sxKsa raYsme mizezisagan, raoden ZuHlisave pavlis wayolisagan dauteobia~ (Jer.16,2r); - 88 - `amis pirisaTKs gevedrebi yovelTa qristesmoyuareTa, raYTa pavles Sina gina sxuasa samociqulosa amaT TargmanTanagan cvalebuli sityuaY aravin GahrToT, aramed ucvalebelad ipyarT~ (Jer.16,3r). aSkaraa, rom efremi am `Tavisa anderZis~ weris dros `samociqulos~ sxva wignebis TargmanebTan erTad pavles epistoleTa ganmartebebsac gulisxmobda. marTalia, Gvenamde am egzegetikurma Sromam erTiani saxiT ver moaRwia, igi gabneulia sxvadasxva xelnawerebSi, magram, rogorc Gans, Tavis droze, yovel SemTxvevaSi misi mTargmnelisaTvis, es iyo erTiani Zegli, sami nawilisagan Semdgari da amdenad efremisaTvis niSandoblivi mTargmnelis mozraxuli Tavisa da boloYsa anderZebiT aRWurvili. TavSi moqceulia mTargmnelis anderZ-winasityvaoba Sesavali werili (Jer.16,2r-4r), romelic exeba mTlianad `samociqulos Targmanebis~ qarTulad gadmoRebis sakiTxebs, xolo boloSi, pavles epistoleTa komentarebis Semdeg, romelic amTavrebs `samociqulos Targmanebas~, darTuli aqvs `boloYsa anderZi~, anu anderZ-bolosityvaoba, `uwyebaY mizezsa wignisa amis mravalTa wignTa erTad Semokrebulisasa "(Ath. 18, 235-238), romelSic mTargmneli, marTalia, upiratesad pavles epistoleTa Targmanebaze msjelobs, magram mTlianad `samociqulos Targmanebis~ qarTulad gadmoRebis sakiTxebsac exeba da sxvaTa Soris ixseniebs da imowmebs `Tavsa zeda weril uwyebasac~. aqve SevexebiT `samociqulos Targmanebis~ qarTulad gadmoRebis istoriisaTvis metad mniSvnelovan efrem mciris bolo dromde ucnob sam anderZsac, romelic Q 1158 xelnawerSi aRmoGnda daculi. Q 1158 xelnaweri XI saukuniT TariRdeba. is xelnawerTa institutis axal fondSi SedarebiT gvian Semosuli nusxaa da amitom Q fondis sxva xelnawerebTan erTad ar yofila aRwerili. mas yuradReba miaqcia e. koWlamazaSvilma, romelic `samociqulos Targmanebis~ efrem mciriseul Targmanis teqstze muSaobda da am xelnawerSi miakvlia efremiseuli Targmanis dasawyis nawils, romelic dakargulad iTvleboda. amasTanave, ipova efrem mciris sami ucnobi anderZic, romelTagan erTi `saqme mociqulTas Targmanebas~ erTvis boloSi (f. 101), meore _ `kaTolike epistoleTa Targmane- 89 - bas~ mosdevs (f. 316; koWlamazaSvili, 1995; 1999), mesame ki pavles hromaelTa mimarT epistoles TavTa GaminaTvalzea darTuli (Q 1158, 103v, koWlamazaSvili, 2003, 343-344). gamodis, rom efrems mTargmnelis mozraxuli daurTavs ara mxolod ~Tavsa da bolosa wignisasa~, aramed `samociqulos~ Semadgeneli TiTeuli nawilis Targmnis gasrulebis gamoc dauweria kolofonebi. gansakuTrebiT faseulia `saqme mociqulTas Targmanebaze~ darTuli anderZi, saidanac irkveva, rom efrems jer uTargmnia pavles epistoleTa da kaTolike epistoleTa ganmartebebi, viTarca usaWiroesTani~, xolo Semdeg `mociqulTa saqmis Targmaneba~, romlis qarTulad gadmoReba `reca mZimed miGinao eSmakman~, magram `viTarca sakrveliTa egreT mipyra berman antoni da ara miteva usrulad datevebaY amisi~ (Q1158, 101), _ SeniSnavs mTargmneli. `samociqulos~ samive wignis Targmanebis gasrulebis Semdeg unda iyos dawerili `Sesavali~ (Jer.16), radgan iq efremi pavles da kaTolike epistoleTa TargmanebTan erTad saqme mociqulTas Targmanebasac axsenebs (Jer.16, 1r; 2v). Sesavlis Semdegaa dawerili `boloYsa anderZi~, anu Ath.18-Si pavles epistoleTa komentarebis Targmanze darTuli vrceli mozraxuli efremisa, romelSic damowmebulia `usakuTresTaTKs Tavsa werili uwyebaY~ anu Sesavali `samociqulos Targmanebisa~. samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad (abulaZe, 1950; lorTqifaniZe, 1956; danelia1974, 1983), efrems samociqulos wignebis qarTulad gadmoRebisas yvelaze meti cvlileba giorgiseuli `pavles~ TargmanSi Seutania. SesaZloa amgvari `usakuTresi adgilebis~ gaGenis mizezis asaxsnelad iTxovda efrem mcire gadamwerTagan `usakuTresTaTKs Tavsa zeda werili uwyebaYs~ daweras ara marto `samociqulos Targmanebis~ dasawyisSi, aramed uSualod `pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis~ win da Tu es Txzuleba or wignad gadaiwereboda, maSin orive wignis TavSi. Q 1158 xelnawerSi daculi kidev erTi anderZi, romelic mTargmnels hromaelTa mimarT epistoles TavTa GamonaTvalis Semdeg GaurTavs, metad sayuradRebo cnobas gvawvdis: irkveva, rom efrems, romelmac sagrZnoblad Secvala pavles epistoleTa giorgiseuli Targmani, aToneli mamis mier Targmnili `uwyebani mizezTani~ da `Tavni~ xelaxla ar - 90 - uTargmnia, radgan `arRara uPmda unaklulod Targmnilsa didisa mis moZRurisa giorgi mTawmidelisasa meored TargmnaY~ ( Q 1158, 103v). sagangebod unda SevGerdeT pavles epistoleTa komentarebis efremiseul Targmanze darTul mTargmnelis anderZSi dacul erT cnobaze, romelic eqvTime aTonelis mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis aqamde ucnob faqts Seexeba. kerZod, eqvTimes mier pavles ori epistolis Targmanebis qarTulad gadmoRebas. anderZSi efremi aRniSnavs, rom eqvTimes dauwyia kirile aleqsandrielis mier `garemowerili Targmanis~ anu misive terminologiiT `pavle Targmaninis~ qarTulad Targmna `... berZulisagan Targmnad ewyo Guensa mas axals oqropirsa, wyarosa da Zirsa Targmanebisasa, mamasa da moZRuarsa eklesiaTasa efTKmis mTawmidelsa da uTargmnia orTa oden ebistoleTaY mcired naklul, xolo mizezi usrulobisa maTisaY RmerTman icis” (Ath.18, 235. TvalTvaZe, 1988, 219-221). eqvTime aTonels rom pavles epistoleTa komentarebis gadmoRebaze umuSavia, amis Sesaxeb cnobebs eqvTimes mamis anderZSi da giorgi aTonelis `ioanes da eqvTimes cxovrebaSic~ vxvdebiT. giorgis cnobiT, eqvTimes uTargmnia `TargmanebaY galatelTa da TesalonikelTa da hromaelTa epistoleTaY~ (giorgi mTawmideli, 1967, 63). igive cnobaa daculi eqvTimes mamis anderZSic, romelSic erT-erT aTonur xelnawerSi erTi glosaa damatebuli: `Targmani galatelTa da TesalonikelTa da hromaelTa ebistolisaY wmidisa oqropirisaY” (Ath.10, 335r). e. i. ioanes da giorgis cnobiT, eqvTimes uTargmnia ioanes oqropiris ganmarteba pavles sami epistolisa (galatelTa, TesalonikelTa da hromaelTa). k. kekeliZe Tvlida, rom es unda yofiliyo erTi Txzuleba, sadac pavles 14 epistoledan mxolod am samis Targmaneba iyo mocemuli. is eZebda mas qarTul xelnawerebSi, magram rogorc TviTon wers: `aseT saTaurian Txzulebas Gven verc erT xelnawerSi ver vpoulobT, SeuZlebelia, is ase ugzoukvlod dakarguliyo~ (kekeliZe, 1980, 199). misi azriT, es Txzuleba Senaxuli unda yofiliyo im naSromSi, romelsac ewodeba `Targmani Zniad gulisPmisayofelTa mociqulisa pavlisa sityuaTaY, gamokrebuli wmidisa ioane oqropiris TqumulTagan (A445, 226r-330v. igive Txzuleba aris kidev - 91 - or xelnawerSi: K 234, 337r-438v da S 4579, 159r-190v), magram rogorc i. lolaSvili SeniSnavs, `am Zeglis Sedgeniloba Sinaarsoblivad ar Seesatyviseba im saTaurs, romelsac ioane da giorgi mTawmidelebi imowmeben, amitom igi kvlav saZiebelia~ (lolaSvili1982, 71; koWlamazaSvili, 1995). vfiqrobT, am Ziebisas gasaTvaliswinebeli iqneba is faqtic, rom eqvTimes mamisa da misi biografis cnobaSic SesaZlebelia, ara amgvarsaTauriani erTi Txzuleba ivaraudebodes, aramed pavles GamoTvlil epistoleTa cal-calke Targmani, miT umetes, rom amgvari saTauris mqone Txzuleba arc berZnul enaze gvaqvs. rogorc aRvniSneT, ioanes da giorgi aTonelebis mier mowodebuli cnobis gverdiT gvaqvs efrem mciris anderZis cnoba, romelic eqvTimes miawers kirile aleqsandrielis mier Sedgenili katenuri krebulis `pavle Targmanianis~ gviandeli redaqciis qarTulad gadmoRebis dawyebas da `orTa oden epistoleTa Targmanebis~ qarTulad Targmnas. efremis anderZis mixedviT, eqvTimem daiwyo kiriles am egzegetikuri Sromis Targmna (`Targmnad ewyo Guensa mas axalsa oqropirsa... ~), magram raRac mizeziT ver gaasrula. `mizezi usrulobisa RmerTman iciso~, _ SeniSnavs efremi. am konteqstSi “Targmnad ewyo” niSnavs, Targmna daiwyo; daiwyo, rasakvirvelia, Tavidan. “pavle Targmaniani” ki am katenuri krebulis Semdgenelis- kirile aleqsandrielis damkveTisadmi miwerili epistoleTi iwyeboda (amis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT, Tavi III,), romelsac mosdevs hromaelTa da korinTelTa mimarT pirveli epistolis Targmaneba. swored pavles am ori epistoles ganmarteba uTargmnia, efremis cnobiT, eqvTimes, magram amaTgan meore ar dausrulebia. cnobilia, rom Zvel qarTvel mweralTa da mwignobarTa mier mowodebuli amgvari bibliografiuli xasiaTis cnobebis sizustis Sesamowmeblad yvelaze didi mniSvneloba xelnawerebs eniWebaT. Tuki qarTul xelnawerTa Soris aRmoGndeboda efremis mier miTiTebuli Targmani pavles hromaelTa da korinTelTa mimarT pirveli epistoleebis komentarebisa (`mcired nakluli~), ra Tqma unda, es saukeTeso sabuTi iqneboda efremis cnobis sasargeblod. marTlac, erT-erT aTonur xelnawerSi (N 39 bleikiT, N 79 cagarliT) mivageniT pavles zemoT dasaxelebul epistoleTa Targ- 92 - manebis axal, manamde ucnob, efrem mciris Targmanisagan gansxvavebul Targmans. xelnaweri XI saukuniT TariRdeba, naweria ori xeliT, aqedan erT-erTi, romliTacaa naweri GvenTvis saintereso nawili, giorgi aTonelis avtografad miaGnia r. bleiks (bleiki, 1932, 228). xelnaweri, garda pavles hromaelTa da korinTelTa mimarT epistoleebis Targmanebisa, romelTac 18v-101v gverdebi uWiravT, Seicavs kidev kirile aleqsandrielis epistoles, romelic uZRvis hromaelTa epistolis Targmanebas (16r-18v), grigol noselis sam Txzulebas (1v-6v; 13v-15v; 102v-126v) da epifane kviprelis erT sakiTxavs (7r-13v). sul xelnawerSi 126 furcelia. pirveli, rac TvalSi sacemia am xelnaweris mikrofirisa da fotopiris gadaTvalierebisas, aris is, rom igi Zalze dazianebulia da furclebi areuli. wigni SeukazmavT gvian, XIX saukuneSi (Semkazmavi beri venediqton): `me glaxakman da codvilman venediqton mRvdelmonazonma ese samociqulos Targmani naKxe dabneulad da daSlilad da Sevkazme da vinca ixiloT, momixseneT RmrTisaTKs. qristes aqeT Gykb~ (=1822 w). xelnawers aqvs sxva minawerebic mxedruliT, romelTagan sayuradReboa erTi: `ese samociqulos Targmani giorgi mTawmidlisagan Targmnili [... ] kargi patiosani ars (bleiki 1932, gv. 177). pavles epistoleTa komentarebis qarTulad Targmna efrem mciris saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli. man gadmoiRo mTeli samociqulos Targmaneba, romelic ramdenime xelnaweriTaa moRweuli, romlebic erTmaneTs avseben da agrZeleben, magram pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis dasawyisi, kerZod, hromaelTa da korinTelTa mimarT I epistolis Targmaneba (9, 21 muxlamde) arc erTSi ar Senaxula (danelia, 1983, 315318; TvalTvaZe, 1995, 346-361). bunebrivia, rodesac Gvens xelT aRmoGnda pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis dasawyisi nawili, Tanac swored im epistoleTa Targmanebani, rac sxva xelnawerebSi ar iyo, vifiqreT, rom mivageniT dasawyiss efremis mier Targmnili am egzegetikuri Txzulebisa da SesaZlebeli iqneboda misi sruli saxiT aRdgena. miT ufro, rom Ath.39-Si daculi korinTelTa mimarT I epistoles Targmaneba wydeba me-8 Tavis me-2 muxlis komentariT da manamde cnobil xelnawerebSi - 93 - ki teqsti am epistoles me-9 Tavis 21-e muxlidan gvqonda (Jer.9). amasTanave, am xelnawerSi pavles epistole Targmanebas win uZRvis misi Semdgenel-redaqtoris, kirile aleqsandrielis, epistole, romelic Ath. 18 xelnawerSi efremis anderZs erTvoda. varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom kiriles epistole pavles epistoleTa komentarebis efremiseuli Targmanis TavSi unda yofiliyo, ukve gamoTqmuli gvqonda (TvalTvaZe, 1989, 14-17). amitomac SeiZleboda gvefiqra, rom Ath.39 xelnawers efrem mciris Targmnili `pavle Targmanianis~ dasawyisi nawili Semoenaxa. magram am xelnawerebSi daculi Targmanebis erTmaneTTan Sedarebam sxva daskvnamde migviyvana. radgan pavles komentarebis efremiseul TargmanSi da Ath.39-Si SedarebisTvis Tanmxvedri adgilebi ar aRmoGnda, rac yvelaze naTlad daadasturebda TargmanTa identurobas Tu sxvaobas, saWiro gaxda sxva arapirdapiri monacemebis Zieba, romelTagan mniSnelovania Semdegi: a) pavles epistoleTa Targmanebebs, iseve rogorc pavle mociqulis epistoleTa teqsts CD redaqciis xelnawerebSi (giorgi aTonelisa da efrem mciris redaqcia) axlavs stiqometriuli aparati, `uwyebani~ da `Tavni~. efremiseul `TargmanebaSi~ da misi redaqciis `pavles~ xelnawerebSi `uwyebani~ da `Tavni~ identuria, Ath.39-Si ki sxva tipisaa. b) rac ufro mniSvnelovania, Ath.39 xelnawerSi dacul TargmanebaTa teqstSi ar Gans efremis mier pavles teqstis giorgiseuli Targmanis gasworebis kvali, rac Gveulebriv mas `usakuTresiTa~ da `iotiT~ aRuniSnavs (danelia, 1974), maSin rodesac imave korinTelTa mimarT I epistoles efremiseuli Targmanis SemorGenil teqstSi (9, 21 muxlidan) aseTi `iotebi~ da `usakuTresebi~ yovel gverdze gvxvdeba. vfiqrobT, zemoT Tqmuli uflebas gvaZlevs ganvacxadoT, rom Ath.39-Si daculi Targmani pavles ori epistoles ganmartebisa ar aris efrem mciris Targmani. efremis Targmnili `pavle Targmanianis~ dasawyisi nawili isev saZiebelia. 9 radgan es teqsti efremis Targmnili ar yofila, dgeba misi mTargmnelis vinaobis garkvevis sakiTxi. xelnaweris gviandeli minaweri mTargmnelad giorgi aTonels asaxelebs. 9 `pavle Targmanianis~ efrem mciriseuli Targmanis dasawyis nawils miagno e. koWlamazaSvilma Q 1158 xelnawerSi. - 94 - minaweri XIX saukunisaa (1822 w) da amdenad mas ar SeiZleba gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqondes. bleikis mixedviT Ath.39 giorgis avtografia (bleiki, 1932, 228). a. cagarelis azriT, am xelnawerSi Senaxuli yvela Txzulebis mTarmneli giorgi aTonelia (cagareli, 93), Tumca arc erTi da arc meore aRmweri am xelnawerisa ar miuTiTebs, ris safuZvelze akeTeben amgvar daskvnas. xelnawerSi Sesul sxva TxzulebaTagan literaturaSi mxolod erTis, grigol noselis sakiTxavis `qalwulebisaTKs da saRmrToYsa moqalaqobisaTKs~ mTargmnelia miTiTebuli (kekeliZe, et. V, 28), danarGeni Txzulebebis mTargmnelis vinaoba ucnobia. Gveni azriT, am SemTxvevaSi arc aRmwerelTa cnoba da arc gviandeli minawerebi ar aris sakmarisi mTargmnelis vinaobis gasarkvevad. aq umTavresia TviTon teqstis Seswavla da misi analizis Sedegad gakeTebuli daskvnebi. am mxriv ki giorgi aTonelis am Txzulebis mTargmnelad miGnevas mxars ar uWers zogierTi arsebiTi xasiaTis monacemi, kerZod: Ath.39 xelnawerSi daculi hromaelTa mimarT da korinTelTa mimarT epistolis `uwyebaY~ da `Tavni~ mkveTrad gansxvavdeba giorgiseuli redaqciis `pavles~ darTuli `uwyebebisa~ da `Tavebisagan~ iqamde, rom aq termin `uwyebYs~ nacvlad, romelic berZnuli Øποqεσις-is qarTuli Sesatyvisia, sxva sityva, kerZod, `piri~ gvxvdeba. (`piri hromaelTa epistolisaY~, `piri korinTelTa mimarT pirveli epistolisaY~). gansxvavebuladaa Targmnili rogorc `uwyebanis~ teqsti, aseve `Tavnis~ qveTavebis saTaurebi. aq qveTavebis aRsaniSnavad sagangebo niSania gamoyenebuli `asterikoY~ da axsnilia, rom es niSani ixmareba maSin, `raJams erTisa raYsme pirisaTKs ityKn da mas Sina sxuaY piri Semovidis~. erTi SexedviTac naTelia, rom aq or sxvadasxva mTargmnelTan gvaqvs saqme. amas isic gvafiqrebinebs, rom efremiseul TargmanebaSi da misi redaqciis `pavles~ teqstSi `uwyebani~ da `Tavni~ erTmaneTs emTxveva ( rogorc Q 1158 –is erTi anderZi cxadyofs, efrems `uwyebani~ da `Tavni~ xelaxla arc uTargmnia, mas giorgis Targmnili teqsti ucvlelad gadmoutania pavles ganmartebaTa teqstSi (Q1158, 103v). Ath. 39-Si daculi pavles epistoleTa teqstic ufro AB (Zvel) redaqcias misdevs. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom arafers ambobs giorgi mTawmidlis mier amgvari Txzulebis - 95 - Targmnis Sesaxeb giorgi mcire. marTalia, biografi srul pavles gadmoRebasTan erTad giorgis gamokrebul pavles Targmnasac miawers (`kualad Targmna pavle saweliwdoY~, giorgi mcire, 1967, 128, 147), magram es `saweliwdo pavle~ TviT epistoleTa teqsts gulisxmobs da ara Targmanebas. yvelaferi zemoT Tqmuli, Gveni azriT, saeWvos xdis am Txzulebis mTargmnelad giorgi mTawmidlis miGnevas. amave dros, gvaqvs meore aTonuri xelnaweris (N 18) anderZis cnoba, romlis mixedviT eqvTimes dauwyia kirile aleqsandrielis Sedgenili katenuri Targmanebis `pavle Targmanianis~ qarTulad gadmoReba da uTargmnia pirveli ori epistoles (hromaelTa da korinTelTa mimarT I epistolis) Targmaneba `mcired naklul~. e. i. swored isini, rac gvaqvs Ath.39-Si da Tanac naklulad. radgan kiriles am Sromas win misi epistole uZRoda, eqvTimem albaT is epistolec Targmna. am varaudis gamoTqmis uflebas isic iZleva, rom Ath.18 xelnawerSi am epistoles qarTul Targmans kideze miwerili aqvs: Targmani mamisa efTKmesi~. marTalia, xelnaweri SedarebiT gviandelia (XV-XVI s. s), magram am SemTxvevaSi garkveuli mniSvneloba unda mieniWos imasac, rom manuskripti aTonuri warmoSobisaa da albaT garkveulwilad sworad asaxavs am savaneSi arsebul zepir Tu literaturul tradicias (TvalTaZe, 1989, 14-17). am Txzulebis mTargmnelad eqvTime aTonelis miGnevas TiTqos ewinaaRmdegeba ramdenime faqti. upirveles yovlisa, is, rom araferia naTqvami amis Sesaxeb `ioanes da eqvTimes cxovrebaSi~ da isic, rom eqvTimes mamac da giorgi aTonelic dabejiTebiT aRniSnaven, rom man Targmna `galatelTa, TesalonikelTa da hromaelTa mimarT epistoleTa Targmaneba wmida ioane oqropirisaY~ da ara hromaelTa da korinTelTa mimarT pirveli epistolisa `mcired nakluli~, rogorc aseve dabejiTebiT wers amgvari cnobebis mowodebisas yovelTvis Zalian sando efrem mcire. SeiZleboda gvefiqra, rom aq urTierTgamomricxveli cnobebi gvaqvs (mxolod hromaelTa mimarT epistolea dasaxelebuli orivegan). sinamdvileSi es ori cnoba erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdegos arafers Seicavs. eqvTimem, rogorc Gans, marTlac Targmna am sami epistoles oqropiriseuli vrceli ganmartebani (xelnawerebi Gvenamde ar Semonaxula), magram raRac mizez- 96 - iT sxva epistoleTa ganmartebebi ar gadmouRia. SesaZloa, aq garkveuli roli iTamaSa imanac, rom oqropiris Targmanebebi Zalian vrceli iyo da efremis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, `sivrcesa Sina swavlaTasa ganTesulsa Zalsa sityKsasa gamomrGevelad mciredni vieTnime ipoebian~ (TvalTvaZe, 1988, 220), amitomac eqvTimem saTargmnelad airGia gamokrebili, mokle Targmaneba pavles epistoleTa, kiriles mier katenuri wesiT Sedgenili da daiwyo misi gadmoReba. Targmna kidevac dasawyisi: kiriles epistole da pirveli ori epistoles Targmaneba, magram dasruleba ki ver moaxerxa. `mizezi usrulobisaY RmerTman icis~, _ aRniSnavs efremi, romelmac swored eqvTimes mier dawyebuli saqmis gasruleba iTava da ganaxorciela kidec. sagulisxmoa kidev erTi faqti. cnobilia, rom `pavles~ teqstis xelaxal Targmnaze eqvTimes ar umuSavia. Sesabamisad arc `pavles~ teqsts darTuli stiqometriuli aparati uTargmnia. is faqti, rom Ath.39-Si daculi `uwyebani~ da `Tavni~ ar emTxveva arc giorgis da arc efremis Targmnil teqsts, gvafiqrebinebs, rom is viRac mesamis Targmnilia. `pavleTa~ teqstic Zvel AB redaqciis xelnawerebs misdevs, rac aseve imaze migvaniSnebs, rom es Targmani ufro adrindelia, vidre giorgisa da efremis redaqciis pavles teqsti gveqneboda. zemoT Tqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT Ath.39-Si daculi pavles hromaelTa mimarT da korinTelTa mimarT I epistolis mTargmnelad Gven eqvTime aTonels miviGnevT. umTavresi argumenti GvenTvis mainc am mxriv metad sando mecnierisa da mTargmnelis efrem mciris cnobaa. am varaudis dasamtkiceblad Ath. 39-Si daculi Targmanebis teqstis detaluri Seswavla da eqvTime aTonelis sxva TargmanebTan misi Sedarebaa saWiro10. amrigad, efrem mciris anderZis cnobaze dayrdnobiT eqvTime aTonelis naTargmni Zeglebis sias unda daematos kirile aleqsandrielis epistole “sxKsa visme episkoposisa mimarT” (Ath.39 16v-17v; TvalTvaZe, 1995, gv. 359-361) da misive 10 Gveni varaudi, rom Ath.39-Si pavles hromaelTa da korinTelTa mimarT epistoleTa ganmartebis eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmania Semonaxuli, daadastura e. koWlamazaSvilis gamokvlevebma, romelmac gamosca es teqsti eqvTimes mierve Targmnil samociqulos gamokrebul TargmanebasTan erTad (koWlamazaSvili, 2003) - 97 - Sedgenili katenuri krebulis `pavle Targmanianis~ dasawyisi: `Targmaneba hromaelTa mimarT epistolisaY~ (srulad) da `TargmanebaY korinTelTa mimarT pirveli epistolisa~ (8, 2 muxlamde) (Ath.39, 18v-101v). Teodorite kvirelis "filoTeon istoriis" kolofonebi. V saukunis cnobili bizantieli mwerlis Teodorite kvirelis "filoTeon istoriis" efrem mciriseuli Targmani ori xelnaweriTaa Gvenamde moRweuli XII saukunis nusxa A689 (189v-369v) da (XIII-XIV saukunis xelnaweri A682 (80v155v). orive xelnaweris mokle aRweriloba mocemuli aqvs T. Jordanias (Jordania, 1903, 164-168). A689 xelweris aRweriloba gvaqvs e. xinTibiZis wignSic `basili kapadokielis `samoRvaweo wignis~ qarTuli redaqciebi~ (xinTibiZe, 1968, 73-74). Teodorites `filoTeon istorias~ orive xelnawerSi uZRvis mTargmnelis Sesavali (A689, 187r-v; A682,91v; Jordania, 1897, 40-42) da boloSi erTvis anderZi (A689, 177r-v; A682, 183 r-v; Jordania, 1892, 43), romelic efrem mciris naTargmni Zeglebis bibliografiis Semdgenels, T. bregaZes, miaGnia ara `filoTeon istoriis~ anderZad, aramed Teodorites Txzulebis `sityuaY saRmrToYsa siyuarulisaTKs~ bolosityvad (bregaZe, 1971, 449). `sityuaY~ berZnul dedanSic da qarTul TargmanSic mosdevs `filoTeon istoriaSi~ aRweril wminda moRvawe mamaTa cxovrebis Sesaxeb Txrobebs da miGneulia `filoTeon istoriis~ bolo Tavad (P.G. 82, col. 1283-1552). `sityvaY~ `filoTeon istoriis~ nawilad miaGnia efrem mciresac, romelsac winasityvaobis Semdeg moTavsebul zandukSi, sadac GamoTvlilia wignSi Sesuli `Txrobani~, bolo Tavad swored `sityuaY saRmrToYsa siyuarulisaTKs~ Seutania (A689,187v). T. bregaZe ki, rogorc aRvniSneT, mas calke Txzulebad Tvlis da amitomac mis mier Sedgenili bibliografiis mixedviT `filoTeon istorias~ mTargmnelis mxolod Sesavali werili uZRvis, xolo anderZi ki Teodoritis meore Txzulebas (`sityuaY~) erTvis. xelnaweris Seswavlam ki sxva suraTi aGvena. A 689 xelnaweris boloSi moTavsebuli anderZic `filoTeon istoriis~ anderZia da ara mxolod `sityuaYsa~, amrigad, gamodis, rom ` filoTeon istoriisTvisac~ efrems Gveulebrisamebr winasityvaobac daurTavs da bolosityvaobac, romlebSic am wignis avtoris - 98 - Sesaxeb, Txzulebis berZnuli dednis da qarTuli Targmanis Seqmnis istoriaze gvesaubreba. `Tavisa anderZSi~ efremi, upirveles yovlisa, ganmartavs, rom am wigns `filoTeon istoria~ ewodeba, rac qarTulad `RmrTismoyuarebiT Txrobas~ niSnavs, magram sasurveli iqneba, masac `klemaqsisa~ da `dialoRonis~ msgavsad berZnuli saxeli SevunarGunoT qarTulado. Semdeg ki sakmaod vrclad msjelobs wignis aRmwerel Teodoriteze, msjelobas ki ase iwyebs: `xolo saWiro ars Tqumad TKT misda TeodoritesTKs, raYTa uwyodiT~. e. i. efremi miiGnevs, rom qarTvelma mkiTxvelma ara mxolod Targmani unda gaicnos romelime Txzulebisa, aramed mis avtorzec unda hqondes warmodgena, icodes misi vinaoba da damsaxureba. es efremis rogorc mTargmnel-komentatoris erT-erTi principi Gans, romelsac is sxva drosac ganuxrelad icavs. efremis cnobiT, Teodorite antioqeli yofila, romelsac swavla-ganaTleba antioqiaSive miuRia. mis gonierebas da ganswavlulobas `cxad-hyofen aRwerilni misni, romelTa mier TavTa gamometyuelTa da aRmwerelTa Tana Seracxil ars berZenTa Soris~. Teodorite antioqiis maxloblad mdebare qalaqis kvirosis episkoposi yofila da didad uRvawia marTlmadidebluri eklesiis gaZlierebisaTvis. efremis cnobiT, Teodorites, romelsac Rrma siberemde miuRwevia, mravali wigni dauweria, romelTa Soris gansakuTrebiT gamoyofs `yovelTa ZuHlTa da axalTa wignTa Targmanebebs dabadebiTgan vidre samociqulomde~. magram moulodnelad `SuriTa eSmakisaTa dakninda warmatebuleba misi~, radgan nestorianobis mZlavrobis xanaSi kirile aleqsandrielTan paeqroba `Semweobad nestorissa Seuracxes da ganagdes eklesiiT~, magram leon hromTa papis brZanebiT, maleve Seiwynares da mas Semdeg qalkedonis krebis yvela Semwynarebeli Teodorite kvirelsac Seiwynarebs da did moRvawed aRiarebso, _ gvauwyebs efremi. aRsaniSnavia, rom Teodorite kvirelis biografiis am moments sxvaganac ixsenebs qarTuli mwignobari. kerZod, `fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ SesavalSi, iq, sadac dednad gamoyenebuli Txzulebebis Sesaxebac msjelobs, acxadebs, rom fsalmunTa wignis Teodoriteseul Targmanebas Segnebulad avaride Tavi, `mciredisa misTKs sityKsgebisa, romeli iqmna reca winaaRdgomiT Soris massa da - 99 - wmidisa kKrilessa, romeli-igi ukuanaYsknel daiPsna da uGino iqmna, raJams Teodorites mierve SeiGuennes aTormetni igi Tavni, romel aRewernes mas winaaRsadgomelad RmerTSemosilisa kKrilesa~ (SaniZe, 1968, 80). aq efermi kidev ramdenime cnobas gvawvdis Teodoriteze, kerZod: efremis Tanaxmad, Teodorites dauweria kiriles winaaRmdeg 12 Tavi, romelic Semdeg TviTon uaryvia da dauweria fsalmunTa sruli Targmaneba, romelic, marTalia, efrems dednad ar gamouyenebia, magram rogorc Gans, icnobda mas. am `Sesavlis~ mixedviT `Teodorite yovlisave berZenTa naTesavisa mier mamad marTlmadideblobisa Seracxil ars, viTarca saxelovani mTargmnelobiTa yovelTave Zuelisa Sjulisa wignTaYTa da yovliT kerZo TanaSemwe marTlmadideblobisa~ (SaniZe, iqve). eWvsgareSea, rom efrem mciris cnobebi Teodorite kvirelis Sesaxeb bizantiur wyaroebs emyareba. erT-erT maTgans efremi kidec asaxelebs `filoTeon istoriis~ SesavalSi. esaa Teodorites werili leon hromTa papisadmi, sadac is, rogorc Gans, Tavs imarTlebda kirile aleqsandrielTan dakavSirebiT momxdari incidentis gamo da Tavis damsaxurebaTa Sesaxebac werda: `samasi eklesiaY SevsZine mwvalebelTa da mekerpeTagani marTlmadidebelTa eklesiasa~ (A689,187v). rac Seexeba cnobebs Teodorites mier Targmnili wignebis Sesaxeb, SesaZloa efrem mcire, romelic sKmeonwmidis sapatriarqos wignTsacavis xSiri stumari iyo, maT iq gascnoboda, efremis cnoba Teodorite kvirelis mier Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebis TargmanebaTa daweris Sesaxeb sworia. Teodorites marTlac ganumartavs Zveli aRTqmis wignebi dabadebidan winaswarmetyvelTa wignebamde (P.G. 80-82), da `wignni axali aRTqmisani~ (P.G. 82). berZnulad Semonaxulia efremis mier damowmebuli `aTormetni igi Tavnic~, (P.G. 76, col.385-402) da `TargmanebaY fsalmunTaYc~ (P.G. 80, col.857-1198; juReli, 2008). `filoTeon istoriis~ `Tavisa anderZis~ meore nawilSi ki efremi Teodorites am Sromis qarTulad Targmanis sakiTxebs Seexeba. wignis Targmna misTvis uTxovia antoni bers (antoni tbels), romelic am wignSi aRweril moRvaweTa msgavsad iyo `maTebrve srul RuawliTa da maTiTave Semkul gKrgKniTa~. Teodorites am Txzulebas, efremis azriT, - 100 - `aqus friadi siRrme sityuaTaY, umravlesi berZnulad da aramciredi qarTuladca~, risi Secvlac efrems Segnebulad ar mousurvebia, radgan is miiGnevs, rom Targmanma dednis sityvaTa siRrme unda gadmosces `raYTa (qarTvelebi) ganhmzadnes uRrmesTadre wignaTKs~. efremis winasityvaobas mosdevs `zanduki wignisa amis~, romelSic GamoTvlilia 30 moRvawis cxovrebis Sesaxeb Txrobis saTauri da 31-ed `sityuaY siyuarulisaTKs~. bizantiuri literaturis istoriisaTvis gansakuTrebiT saiteresoa efremis is SeniSvna, romelic zanduks mosdevs: `rameTu Svidni Txrobani TaviT kerZoni sxuagan smenilni dauwerian ZuHlad yofilTani, xolo rviTgan ocdaaTamde maTni, romelni misTa JamTa aRsrulebul arian da TualiTaca uxilavn, xolo ocdaerTiTgan sxuani yovelni jereT maSin cocxal yofil arian, odes ese maTTKs dauwerian~ (A689, 187v). efremis cnobiT, Teodorites Tavis wignSi aRuweria winaparTa ("Zuelad yofilTa") ambavi, romelic sxvaTagan gaugonia, (esenia Txroba iakobisTKs, ivlianesTKs, markianesTKs, evsevisTKs, poplioYsTKs, sKmeonisTKs ZuHlisa, paladisTKs (romel ars palade wmidaY), ufros TanamedroveTa, romelTac cocxlebs moswrebia (TxrobaY afraatesTKs, petresTKs, TeodosisTKs, romelsa arasusisa Teodos wmidaY auSenebia, romanosisTKs, zianonisTKs, makedonioYsTKs, maisumaYsTKs, akefsimaYsTKs, maronoYsTKs, abrahamisTKs, evsevisTKs, salamanisTKs, marisTKs) da Tavis TanamedroveTa, romlebic "jereT maSin cocxal yofil arian" (TxrobaY iakobisTKs, TalasoYsTKs da limanasioYsTKs, ioanesTKs, levinaYsTKs da polKtronoYsTKs, askilipioYsTKs, sKmeonisTKs halabelisa, varadatisTKs, malelesTKs, maranaYsTKs da kKraYsTKs, domninaYsTKs). "filoTeon istoriis" boloSi darTuli anderZi ki tipuri nimuSia mTargmnelis mokle anderZisa, sadac RmerTis didebas mosdevs vedreba "mkiTxvelTa, msmenelTa da gardamwerelTadmi, rom ilocon RmerTSemosilisa antoni tbelisaTvis, romlis brZanebiTac uTargmnia es wigni berZnulidan "pirutyul saxeobasa Gem mcirisa da undoYsa efrem unarGevessa mowafeTa misTaYsa". sainteresoa am anderZis erTi adgili, sadac efremi wers: "raYTa saxed siwmidisa misisa (antoni tbelisa d. T) gamovTargmno berZnulisagan - 101 - axlad qarTvelTa enasa cxorebaY ese wmidaTa amaT mamaTaY" (A689,677r)., xom ar niSnavs es `berZnulisagan axlad gamoTargmna~ aq `filoTeon istoriis~ xelaxla, meored Targmnas da xom ar gulisxmobs es cnoba imas, rom ukve arsebobda am wignis adreuli Targmani? `axlad Targmna~ aSkarad meored Targmnas niSnavs efremis sxva anderZSi, sadac igi aRniSnavs, rom berma kKrike aleqsandrielma `mmZlavra da kadnier myo me axlad Targmanebad aTequsmetTa sadResaswauloTa" (A292,282v). magram sayuradReboa isic, rom efremi, Gveulebisamebr, roca erTxel Targmnilis xelaxla Targmna uxdeba, erTgvarad Tavs imarTlebs da mkiTxvels uxsnis, Tu ratom Targmna `axlad~ esa Tu is Txzuleba (ix. Jer.43,A292-is anderZebi da sxv.), aq ki aseTi ram ara gvaqvs, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom efremis `axlad gamoTargna~ aq SeiZleba pirvelad Targmnas niSnavdes. miT ufro, rom `filoTeon istoriis~ sxva Targmani, garda efremis Targmanisa, qarTul xelnawerebSi aRmoGenili ar aris (kekeliZe, et. V, 58). `fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ Sesavali da anderZi. efrem mciris mier berZnulidan gadmoRebuli "TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY", qristianuli egzetikuri literaturis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi Zeglia, romelmac qarTvel mkvlevarTa yuradReba adreve miipyro. pirveli cnobebi efremis mier Targmnili am Txzulebis Sesaxeb T. Jordanias "qronikebSi" gvxvdeba. (Jordania, 1892, 214). misi Semcveli erT-erTi uZvelesi xelnaweri, romelic martvilSi inaxeboda, aRwera e. TayaiSvilma (TayaiSvili, 1914, 81). efremis am Sromas gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda k. kekeliZe, romelic mas efremis originalur Txzulebad miiGnevda: "SinaarsiT, azrebiT da sazogadod, masaliT es Txzuleba originaluri araa, xolo arqiteqtonikiTa da gegmiT, romelic gamoixateba masalisa da wyaroebis SerGevaSi da maT dalagebaSi, is efremis originalur nawarmoebad unda GaiTvalos", _ askvnis mkvlevari Tavis fundamentur SromaSi (kekeliZe, 1980, 257) da iqve miuTiTebs am Txzulebis Semcvel xelnawerebsac. efrem mciris am Txzulebas sagangebod ikvlevs mz. SaniZe, romelmac efremis "Targmaneba" gamoiyena "fsalmunis" kritikuli teqstis dadgenis erT-erT saSualebad (fsalmuni, 1960). manve sagangebod Seiswavla is xelnaw- 102 - erebi, romelTac k. kekeliZe uTiTebda, da gaarkvia (SaniZe, 1968, 100-101, misive, 1971), rom efremis Targmanis Semcvelad miGneuli 9 xelnaweridan efremiseul Targmanebas namdvilad mxolod sami Seicavs: martvilisa (Q 37), ierusalimisa (Jer 1) da leningradisa (N 18 yofili peterburgis saazio muzeumis xelnaweri N 137). efrem mciris naTargmni Zeglebis bibliografiis Semdgeneli T. bregaZe asaxelebs kidev erT xelnawers H 3186 (bregaZe, 1971, 448). danarGeni xelnawerebi ki e. w. `gamokrebili Targmanebis~ Semcvelia. qarTuli wyaroebis kompilaciis gziT XII saukuneSi ucnobi mwignobris mier Sedgenili es egzegetikuri Txzuleba, m. SaniZis azriT, ZiriTadad efrem mciris Sromas eyrdnoba. aseve fiqrobs n. doborjginiZec, romelmac gamosacemad moamzada fsalmunTa gamokrebili Targmanebis teqsti uZvelesi xelnawerebis mixedviT, da romelsac saintereso dakvirvebani aqvs am sakiTxze (doborjginiZe, 1994, 1996). efremis `Targmanebis~ Semcvel xelnawerTagan uZvelesia Q 37, romelsac axlavs TviT efremisa da gadamweris anderZebi, saidanac cxadi xdeba, rom Targmani 1080 welsaa Sesrulebuli (qronikoni t), xolo xelnaweri ki 1091 wels (qoronikonsa tia) gadaunusxavs ioane mTavaraYsZes `kastanas efremis mamobasa" (Q37,317r). xelnaweri iwyeba efrem mciris cnobili SesavliT, romlis saTauria `uwyebaY mizezsa da viTarebasa da TxrobaY wessa da saPmarebasa winamdebarisa amis wignisasa, romel ars `TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY~ (1r-7v). efrem mciris Sesavali am xelnaweris mixedviT nakluli saxiT 1914 wels gamoaqveyna e. TayaiSvilma (TayaiSvili, 1914, 243-268). qaRaldze Sesrulebuli xelnaweri Zalze dazianebulia, aklia ramdenime furceli da dalaqavebulia nestisagan. samagierod, SedarebiT ukeTesad Semonaxula Gvenamde XII saukunis ierusalimuri nusxa N 1, romelic teqstobrivad TiTqmis pirdapir imeorebs martvilis xelnawers (Q37) da romelsac Semounaxavs efremis Sromis swored is nawilebi, rac sxva nusxebSi dazianebulia. am ierusalimuri xelnaweris mixedviT 1926 wels r. bleikma gamoaqveyna efremis `Sesavlis~ bolo nawili, romelic e. TayaiSvilis gamocemas aklda (bleiki, 1926, 159-160). `Sesavlis~ saboloo, kritikuli gamocema ekuTvnis m. SaniZes (SaniZe, 1968, 77-99), romelmac - 103 - teqsts gamokvlevac daurTo (iqve, gv. 99-122), sadac mocemulia efremis am originaluri naSromis mniSvnelobis Sefaseba, misi Semcveli xelnawerebis aRweriloba da teqstis enobrivi analizi. sagangebo yuradReba eqceva `Sesavlis~ Sua nawils, leqsikons, rogorc qarTul enaze Sedgenil pirvel leqsikografiul naSroms. efrem mciris `Sesavali~ samecniero literaturaSi sazogadod kargad Seswavlili Zeglia. m. SaniZem efremis am metad sayuradRebo Sromas zemoTdasaxelebuli gamokvlevis garda kidev ramdenime Sroma uZRvna, kerZod: 1971 wels daibeWda misi statia `efrem mciris fsalmunTa Targmanebis teqstisaTvis~ (SaniZe, 1971), 1975 wels mkvlevarma rusul enaze dabeWda werili "Heêoòopûe câeäeíuÿ Eôpeìa Möèpe o ãpyçuícêoé u ãpe÷ecêoé ôuëoëoãuu~, sadac Seexo qarTuli da bizantiuri filologiis sakiTxebze `SesavalSi~ dacul metad sayuradRebo cnobebs. (SaniZe, 1975, 66-77). efremis am Sromas Seexeba misi statiac efrem mciris `fsalmunTa Targmaneba~ rogorc sabas leqsikonis wyaro~ (SaniZe, 1987) `Sesavlis zogierTi sakiTxi ganixila r. siraZem, romelmac SeniSna, rom efremis am SromaSi saRvTo atributebi areopagitul wignebSi SemuSavebuli principebis mixedviTaa ganmartebuli (siraZe, 1968). `Sesavali~, rogorc saxismetyvelebiTi egzegetikis Sesaxeb efremis Teoriuli Sexedulebebis Semcveli Zegli, Seiswavla g. alibegaSvilma (alibegaSvili, 1988), romelmac Tavis sadisertacio naSromSi erTi Tavi miuZRvna mas. "Sesavlis im nawils, romelic leqsikons eTmoba, xSirad imowmeben rogorc qarTul enaze Sedgenil pirvel leqsikons (Rlonti, al. focxiSvili, 1995, sarjvelaZe, 1984 w.). yvela zemoT dasaxelebuli mkvlevari, vinc ki ama Tu im kuTxiT Sexebia efrem mciris "Sesavals", mas efremis originalur Sromad miiGnevs. magram unda aRiniSnos, rom "Sesavali damoukidebeli nawarmoebi araa efremisa. efremma is "fsalmunTa Targmanebis" Targmans warumZRvara da masSi Targmnis procesSi wamoWrili sakiTxebi ganixila. igi ukavSirdeba saTargmn Txzulebas da amdenad warmoadgens ara damoukidebel nawarmoebs, aramed "mTargmnelis mozraxuls". fsalmunTa Targmanebis Sesavali, rogorc misi saTauric migvaniSnebs, aris uwyeba am wignis Seqmnis viTarebaTa da - 104 - mkiTxvelTagan misi moxmarebis wesis Sesaxeb ("uwyebaY mizezsa da viTarebasa da TxrobaY wessa da saPmarebas winamdebarisa amis wignisasa, romel ars "TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY"), sadac mocemulia am egzegetikur Zeglis jer berZnul enaze Seqmnis istoria, xolo Semdeg ki cnobebi misi qarTulad gadmoRebis Sesaxeb. garda amisa, berZnul wignTa msgavsad efrems Tavisi TargmanisaTvis leqsikonic Seudgenia da swored "Sesavalsa wignisasa" mouTavsebia. fsalmunTa Targmanebis Sesavali efremis "mozraxulTagan" yvelaze vrcelia. igi Tavisi daniSnulebiT e. w. "Tavisa anderZia", romelsac Gveulebisamebr efremi "boloYsa anderZsac" moayolebda xolme. arc fsalmunTa Targmanebis gadmoRebisas uRalatnia efrems principebisaTvis da am egzegetikuri Zeglis I wignis dasasruls mouTavsebia kidec "boloYsa anderZi", romelic Q 37 xelnawers Semounaxavs, romelSic sayuradReboa is adgili, sadac mTargmneli `Tavisa anderZs~ anu `Sesavalsa wignisasa~ imowmebs: `... xolo Targmani muPlTaY yoveli axlad iTargmna berZnulisagan, viTarca yovelive geuwyos Sesavalsa wignisasa~ (Q37,316v). miuxedavad imisa, rom fsalmunTa Targmanebis Sesavali Gvens samecniero literaturaSi sxvadasxva kuTxiT kargadaa Seswavlili, Gven saWirod GavTvaleT misi, rogorc qristianuli literaturis am umniSvnelovanesi egzegetikuri Zeglis Sesaxeb dawerili `mTargmnelis mozraxulis~ mokle analizi mainc warmogvedgina. efremis sityvebiT, es Sesavali `winamauwyebel eqmneba swavlis moyuareTa, Tu raodenni arian Targmanebani daviTisani, anu Tu Gueni ese Targmani daviTisaY raodenTa wignTagan erTad Semokrebul ars~ (SaniZe, 1968, 78)11. da marTlac, "Sesavlis" sakmaod didi nawili swored am ori sakiTxis ganmartebas exeba: 1) fsalmunTa wignis ramdeni ganmarteba arsebobs berZnulad ("raodenni arian Targmanebani daviTisani") da 2) ra wyaroebiT isargebla qarTuli Targmanis Semsrulebelma ("Gueni ese Targmani daviTisaY raodenTa wignTagan erTad gamokrebul ars"). am sakiTxebis Sesaxeb msjelobas efremi imis aRniSvniT iwyebs, rom "pirvelTa maT JamTa araraY aqunda sxuaY sagalobelad saeklesiod TKnier fsalmunTa wignisa" (iqve). fsal11 qvemoT am gamocemis mixedviT vuTiTebT gverdebs. - 105 - munTa gamoTargmanebac im droidan daiwyo. wminda mamebi im fsalmunebs ganumartavdnen msmenelT, "romelsa fsalmunsa zeda daemTxKis eklesiad SesvlaY wmidaTa maT mamaTaY". ase Seiqmna wminda basilis "TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY", romelSic Tavmoyrilia mis mier "adgil-adgil Targmanebuli" fsalmunebi da romelic "unaklulod iTargmna enasa amas Guensa wmidisa da netarisa mamisa efTKmes mier" (gv. 79). rogorc miuTiTeben (SaniZe, 1975, 69), efremis mier dasaxelebuli basilis egzegetikuri Sroma berZnul enaze 14 fsalmunis Targmanebis Semcvelia. eqvTime aTonelis mier Sesrulebul TargmanSi ki 15 fsalmunis ganmarteba gvaqvs. efremis sityvebiT, basili kesarieli araa "srulebiT mTargmneli fsalmunTa wignisaY", radgan misi saxeliT cnobil TxzulebaSi yvela fsalmunis ganmarteba araa mocemuli. fsalmunis "srulebiT mTargmnelebad" efremi asaxelebs aTanase aleqsandriels, kirile aleqsandriels, evsuqi ierusalimels, asteri amasiels da Teodorite kKrels. efremi iqve SeniSnavs, rom zogierTebi ioane oqropirsac miaweren daviTis srulebiT Targmanebas, magram, misi azriT, es swori ar aris. ioanes mxolod erTi nawilis Targmaneba moucia ("Wiris kanoniTgan dawyebuli vidre... miyvanebuli". samwuxarod, Sesavlis es nawili dazianebulia da ar Gans fsalmunis romel nawilze miuTiTebs efremi). cnobilia, rom aTanase aleqsandrielis da kirile aleqsandrielis Targmanebani sruli saxiT moRweuli ar aris (SaniZe, 1975, 68). orive aleqsandrieli moRvawis komentarTa umetesoba cnobilia mxolod gviandeli katenebiT an citatebis saxiT, romlebic am avtorTa egzegetikur Txzulebebze metad fragmentul warmodgenas gviqmnian (devresi, 1970, 224, 239). efrem mciris "SesavalSi" ki am avtorTa mier Sedgenili "fsalmunTa Targmanebis" Sesaxeb friad mniSvnelovani cnobebi gvaqvs, romlebic, rogorc m. SaniZe SeniSnavs, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas rogorc aTanases da kiriles SromaTa moculobis, aseve maTi saxeliT moRweuli berZnuli fragmentebis avTenturobis dadgenisas (SaniZe, 1975, 68). efremis cnobiT, aTanase da kirile iyvnen "srulebiTni mTargmnelni fsalmunTa wignisani". e. i. maT ganumartavT mTeli teqsti daviTis fsalmunebisa. metic "ara erTiTa, aramed or-oriTa TargmaniTa uTargmniaT yoveli - 106 - muPli daviTisaY, erTi igi Semoklebulad da litonad martivTaTKs da litonTa, meore igi uvrcelesad da uRrmesad gamomeZiebelTaTKs da gulisPmismyofelTa" (gv. 79). efremi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, qarTuli Targmanis Sesrulebisas "sxuad wignad maqunda aTanasesi da sxuad kKrilesi, ornive srulebiTni da SemoklebiTni "Targmanni daviTisani". misive cnobiT, mis mier Sedgenil "fsalmunTa TargmanebaSi" aTanases da kiriles Semoklebuli Targmanebani sruladaa warmodgenili ("da aw ars Guenda amas "daviTis Targmansa" Sina SemoklebiTi igi Targmanebi muPlTaY aTanasesi da kKrilesi yoveli unaklulod" (gv. 81), rac mniSvnelobas moklebuli ar aris, radgan rogorc aRvniSneT, aTanases da kiriles Targmanebebi berZnulad mxolod fragmentuladaa moRweuli (P.G.27; P.G.69). efrem mciris cnobiT, mis mier dasaxelebul avtorTa garda, fsalmunTa ganmartebebi sxvebsac dauweriaT, magram isini arian `ara ueWuelni, aramed friadca saeWuelni~. es is mwerlebi arian, romlebic `arianozTa da originianTa Tana SeiGuenebian~, magram berZenni wminda mamebis mier Targmanebuls maTi naazreviTac azaveben, radgan maT `Zal-uc wamliaTaganca mPecTa SemzadebaY wamlisa sakurnebelisaY~. efremis es cnoba metad sainteresoa im TvalsazrisiTac, rom warmoaGens benZnuli orTodoqsaluri eklesiis damokidebulabas mwvaleblobisadmi _ `mwvalebelTaYca raYme keTilad aRwerili Zalad gulisPmis-yofisa iPumion~ (iqve). efrem mciris cnobiT, berZnul enaze, garda zemoT GamoTvlili Targmanebebisa, arsebula "sxuanica wignni orni", sadac "yovelTave daviTis TargmanTagan erTad Semokrebul iyvnes srulebiTni da ganvrcelebiTni Targmanni daviTisani". es wignebi efremis mier mowodebuli cnobebis mixedviT, kompilaciuri xasiaTis Txzulebebia, romlebSic aTanases da kiriles TargmanebebTan erTad Setanilia sxva wminda mamaTa ganmartebanic. maTgan efremi asaxelebs evsuqi ierusalimels da asteri amasiels, romelTa Sromebs is mxolod am kompilaciuri krebulebidan icnobs, radgan, rogorc TviTon SeniSnavs, "amaTi dedani srulebiT" (an sruli saxiT) ver upovia. efremis mier dasaxelebul am or wignSi Tavmoyrili yofila aTanases, kiriles, evsuqis da asteris ganmartebebi - 107 - fsalmunisa, amokrebili ara marto maTi "fsalmunTa Targmanebebidan", aramed sxvadasxva Txzulebebidanac, "adgiladgil sadaca povnil ars daviTis sityuaTa Zali, yovelive Semokrebulad vpove orTa maT wignTa Sinao, " -aRniSnavs efremi (gv. 80). misive cnobiT, am wignSi Setanili yofila grigol RvTismetyvelis, grigol noselis da "sxuaTa KieTme sakiTxavTa Sina ganmartebuli muPli" (iqve). erTi sityviT, efremis mier daxasiaTebuli wignebi daviTnis komentarebis krebulebia, sadac marTlmadidebel mamaTa "adgil-adgil aRmocenebuli yvavilebi" erT Taigulad anu "golad sitkboebisa aris daunjebuli" (gv. 83). efremis "Sesavlis" im nawilSi, romelic exeba imis garkvevas, Tu "raodenni arian Targmanebani daviTisani", dasaxelebulia kidev erTi avtori da misi egzegetikuri Sroma. esaa Teodorite kvireli da misi "TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY". efremis cnobiT, Teodorite fsalmunTa "srulebiTi mTargmnelia". e. i. mas ganumartavs fsalmunis yvela muxli, magram efrems misi komentarebi ar uTargmnia, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi "mamad marTlmadideblobisa Seracxil ars". "Teodoritessa Targmansa daviTisasa verRara PelSevyav" kirile aleqsandrielTan gamarTuli polemikis gamoo, _ acxadebs mTargmneli. efrem mciris daxasiaTebiT, Teodorites Sroma "Taflebr damatkbobeli" yofila gonebisa, amitomac Zneli iyo Tavis Sekaveba cdunebisgan, magram rogorc efremi SeniSnavs, "aRKr-vaxsen gulis-sityuasa... da kma-viyven mciredni ese da Semoklebulni Targmanni ueWuelobisaTKs da Rirsebisa saxelovanTa maT TargmanTaYsa" (gv. 80). Tu zemoT Tqmuls SevajamebT, efremis Sesavlis mixedviT berZnul enaze yofila fsalmunTa wignis sami tipis Targmaneba: I. "adgil-adgilobiTi", anu arasruli Targmanebebi, sadac fsalmunTa muxlebi ara Tanmimdevrulad, aramed SerGeviT aris ganmartebuli. aseTia, efremis azriT, basili kesarielis (P.G. 29, col.386-388) da ioane oqropiris Targmanebebi. II. "srulebiTi Targmanni daviTis wignisani", sadac yvela fsalmunia muxl-muxlad ganmartebuli. aseTia: 1. aTanase aleqsandrielis "TargmanebaY fsalmunisaY" - 108 - (vrceli redaqcia "gamomeZiebelTaTKs da gulisPmismyofelTaTKs"; P.G. 27, SemorGenilia fragmentebi) 2. misive `TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY~ (mokle redaqcia `martivTaTKs da litonTaTKs~. 3. kirile aleqsandrielis `fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ (vrceli redaqcia, P.G. 69. fragmentebi). 4. misive Targmanebis mokle redaqcia. 5. evsuqi ierusalimelis `TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY~ (P.G. 74) 6. asteri amasielis `TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY”(P.G. 40. fragmentebi). 7. Teodorite kKrelis `TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY~ (P.G. 80,col.857-1198). III. "gamokrebili Targmanebani" _ anu katenuri krebulebi `daviTnis~ komentarebisa. aseTia efremis mier dasaxelebuli "sxuaY wignni orni", sadac sxvadasxva marTlmadidebel mamaTa ganmartebebi yofila Tavmoyrili. garda amisa, efremi asaxelebs mwvalebelTa da gareSeTa saeWvo Targmanebebsac (evsevi pamfileli, origene, gv. 82). fsalmunTa Targmanebis Sesavlis erTi nawili, rogorc aRvniSneT, qarTuli Targmanis wyaroebis Sesaxeb msjelobas eTmoba, anu "Guenni ese Targmanni daviTisaY raodenTa wignTagan erTad gamokrebil ars". aq efrem mcire pirdapir acxadebs: "me kualTa wmidisa mis mamisa da moZRuarisa Gemisa giorgi mTawmidlisaTa Seudeg, romlisaY-igi saTueoY sagalobeli ara erTis, aramed mravalTa dedaTagan erTad Sekrebul ars da erTsa wignsa Sina berZulad ara romelsa ipoebis egodeni sagalobeli" (gv. 80). efrems, giorgis msgavsad, romelmac mravali berZnuli wyaros gamoyenebiT "TTuenis" Tavisi redaqcia mogvca, TviTon gamoukrebia sxvadasxva wignebidan komentarebi: "romeli oden Kpove marTlmadidebelTa mier Targmanebuli sityuaY daviTisi, yovelive erTad wignad Sevkribe. rameTu raodennica iyvnes wignissacavsa sKmeonwmidisasa "Targmanni daviTisani", yovelnive dedad maqundes da friadiTa SromiTa maT yovelTagan erTad SevaerTe, romeli oden ipoeboda maT Sina marTlmadidebelTa mier Targmanebuli... TKnier Tevdoritesa arca erTi sxuaY damigdiao, " _ aRniSnavs efremi. svimeonwmidis wignsacavSi ki, efremis cnobiT, am dros - 109 - yofila aTanases da kiriles Targmanebani or-ori redaqciiT da "sxuani wignni orni", sadac evsuqis da asteris vrceli Targmanebebidan gamokrebili komentarebic yofila Setanili. swored isini gamouyenebia efrems Tavisi Targmanebis Sedgenisas ZiriTad wyarod. maTze dayrdnobiT efremma Seadgina damoukidebeli recenzia katenebisa, romelsac is "Guensa daviTis Targmansa" uwodebs da romlis Sedgenaze man marTlac "friadi SromaY" gaswia. efremis "daviTis TargmanebaSi" Semonaxulia fsalmunTa komentarebis mkvlevarTaTvis saintereso masala, romlebic garkveulwilad am egzegetikuri Txzulebis berZnuli dednebis Sesaxebac gviqmnian warmodgenas. efremis es mozraxuli mravalmxriv saintereso Zeglia qarTuli da bizantiuri literaturis istoriis mkvlevarisaTvis. aq daculia cnobebi fsalmunTa wignis Sedgenilobaze, calkeuli fsalmunis avtorobis sakiTxze, fsalmunTa wignis dayofaze, berZnulad arsebul sxvadasxva komentatorTa wignebze, maT urTierTmimarTebaze, cnobebi calkeul mwerlTa (rogorc qarTvel, aseve berZenTa) Sesaxeb. es aris literaturis istorikosis mecnieruli naSromi, romelSic SesaniSnav masalas ipovis rogorc qarTuli ise bizantiuri sasuliero mwerlobis mkvlevari. rogorc aRvniSneT, "fsalmunTa Targmanebas" erTvis "boloYsa anderZic", romelic tipuri nimuSisa mTargmnelis mokle anderZisa. es anderZi 1091 wels gadaweril xelnawerSia Semonaxuli da gamocemulia ramdenjerme (Zv. saq., III,8182; Jordania, 1892, 214; Q I, 43-44). Q fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi efremis am anderZis bolo nawili (`daiweraY wmidaY ese wigni~...) gadamweris anderZadaa miGneuli (Q I, 44), rac araa swori. Secdomis mizezi SeiZleboda gamxdariyo anderZis sityvebi: `daiwera wmidaY ese wigni Savsa mTasa, sanaxebsa wmidisa sKmeonisasa, monastersa mamis ezraYssa PeliTa iovane xucisa mTavaraYsZisaYTa~, sadac dasaxelebulia wignis gadaweris adgili da gadamweris vinaobac, rac Gveulebriv gadamwerTa anderZebSi ufro gvxvdeba, vidre mTargmnelis anderZSi. magram aRwerilobis mixedviT gadamweris I anderZad miGneuli teqsti rom efrems ekuTvnis da ara ioane mTvaraYsZes, es TviT am anderZis teqstidan Gans: `RmerTo, Seiwyale da adiden sasufevelsa Sina mamani mnaTobni Guenni, - 110 - anton tbeli da kKrike aleqsandrieli, sityKT da saqmiT Zalmwe meyvnes Targmansa amas. locviTa acxovnen yovelni Zmani ezraYs monastrisani ... ". cxadia, "Zal-mwe meyvnes Targmansa amas" _ aSkarad efrem mciris sityvebia da ara gadamwerisa. anderZis es nawili efremis anderZis gagrZelebad miaGnia m. SaniZesac (SaniZe, 1971, 71-72) efremis cnobiT, "fsalmunTa Targmanebis" Q37-Si Senaxuli nusxa ezras monasterSi TviT efremisTvis gadauweria ioane mTvaraYsZes. zemoT moyvanili teqsti anderZisa rom mTargmnels ekuTvnis, amas gadamweris anderZic adasturebs: `efrem Targmanisa mier zemoPsenebulman da pirvelisa wignisa misTKs damwerelman, ioane xucesman mTavaraYsZeman ese aw GemTKs gardamoviwere, viTar vhgoneb unaklulod da marTlad~ (Q 37,317r). ioane mTvaraYsZis am anderZis `efrem Targmanis mier zemoxsenebuli ioane~ swored aRwerilobiT gadamweris I anderZSi xsenebuli ioane xuces-mTavarYsZea, romelmac qronikons tia (1091 w.) kastanas efremis mamobasa Sina, TavisTvis gadmowera mis mier adre (1080 w.) efremisTvis gadawerili nusxidan fsalmunTa Targmaneba. `fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ boloYsa anderZi iwyeba wminda samebisadmi mimarTuli locviT da RirsTa mamaTa, eqvTime da giorgi mTawmidelebis, moxseniebiT, rasac mosdev efremis moZRvris, misTvis `TanadgomiTa da ufroYsRa oxiTa da winaZRomiT~ xelSemwyobi beris saba sulaYsZe Tuxarelis xseneba. rogorc efremi aRniSnavs, mxolod misi TanadgomiTa da meoxebiT gaxda SesaZlebeli `ganzogebaY”12* wignisa amis, romelsa uwodian Targmanni daviTisani, anu Tu Targmani daviTisaY". aq efremi Gveulebisamebr yuradRebas amaxvilebs wignis saTauris sworad Targmnaze. efremis mier Targmnil egzegetikur Zegls unda uwodon an "Targmanni daviTisani", radgan masSi mravali mTargmnelis komentaria gaerTianebuli da amitom sityva "Targmani" mravlobiT 12 cnobilia, rom `fsalmunTa Targmanebis efremiseuli Targmanis sruli teqsti Semonaxuli ar aris. Gven mxolod misi pirveli nawili (sul 76 fsalmunis Targmaneba) SemogvrGa. m. SaniZis varaudiT, romelic efremis `Sesavlis~ da `Targmanebis~ teqstis urTierTmimarTebas emyareba, efrems bolomde unda eTargmna es wigni. efremis Sromis meore nawili eqscerptebis saxiT SemorGenilia fsalmunTa e. w. `gamokrebul TargmanebaSi". - 111 - ricxvSi unda iyos, an "Targmani daviTisaY", radgan ganmartebaa erTi mTlianisa "erTguamobisaTKs da urTierTas Senawevrebisa patiosanTa maT asoTa, misive da erTisa Tavsakidurisa qristesda damokidebulTaYsa"(Q37,316v) am sityvas mxolobiTi ricxvis formiT (`Targmani~) xmarobeno. aRsaniSnavia, rom egzegetikuli Txzulebebis saTaurebs efremi, rogorc Gans, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda, misi azriT, gansxvavebuli tipis Targmanebani erTmaneTisagan saTauriTac unda yofiliyvnen garGeulni. amitomac sTavazobs pavles epistoleTa komentarebze darTul anderZSi qarTvel mkiTxvels, ioane oqropiris vrcel Targmanebas "pavles Targmani" uwodeT, xolo kirile aleqsandrielis Sedgenil katenur Sromas ki "pavle Targmanianio" (Ath.18, 236). `SesavalSi~ xazgasmiT naTqvams efrem mcire `boloYsa anderZSi~ kidev erTxel imeorebs, rom saTargmanebeli teqsti fsalmunisa giorgi mTawmidlis Targmanidan aiRo, romelic unaklulod Targmnilad miaGnia, xolo `Targmani muxlTaY~, anu ganmarteba ki, rogorc SesavalSic gvauwyebs, axlad iTargmna (axlad Targmna aqac pirvelad Targmnas niSnavs). anderZis dasasruls efremi sTxovs yvelas, vinc `miemTxvevian wmidasa amas wignsa~, ilocon zemoxsenebuli mamebisTvis _ saba Tuxarelisa da efrem oSkelisTvis, `moZRuarTa, mSobelTa, ZmaTa da SvilTa maTTTKs,~ radgan mxolod maTi winaZRomiT, anu `saWeTmpyrobelobiT, maTi saPmariTa da warsagebeliT qmnul ars yovelive keTili Guen zeda RmrTisa miero~, -SeniSnavs efremi. mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT saintereso Sedareba gvaqvs anderZis bolos. RmerTman `ZuHl odesme karulica balaamisi aRatyua, romlisa araraY unaklulevanes ars aRtyuHbaY pirutyuT saxesa amas gonebasa Gem mcirisa da undoYsa efremissa, romelman ese vTargmne berZenTa enisagan qarTvelTa enad~ (Q37,316v; QI, 43-44). grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Targmanze darTuli kolofonebi. a) Teqvsmetsityviani liturgikuli krebulis "Tavisa anderZi" da "boloYsa anderZi". efrem mciris Targmnili gr- 112 - igol nazianzelis homiliaTa Teqvsmetsityviani krebulebi sadResaswaulo dReebSi wasakiTx 16 sityvas Seicaven, rasac xSirad erTvis grigolis sityva "epitafiad didisa basilisaTKs" da zogjer ki "aseulni iambikonic". garda amisa, am krebulebSi xSirad Setanilia grigol xucesis "grigol RmrTismetyvelis cxovreba", sofron ierusalimelis "sityuaY SesxmisaY grigol RmrTismetyuelisaY" da fsevdonones miTologiuri komentarebic (bregaZe, 1988, 7; 133-187; rafava, 1990, 66-67). 16 sadResaswaulo sityvis Semcveli efremiseuli krebuli daculia sul TerTmet xelnawerSi. amaTgan 8 xelnaweri XII-XIII saukunes ganekuTvneba (A109; A1490; K.9; Jer.8; Jer.13; Jer.15; Jer.43; Sin 79), xolo 3 nusxa gviandelia (A292, S369, S1189). Sedgenilobisa da TxzulebaTa rigis mixedviT zemoT GamoTvlili 11 xelnaweridan 9 erTnairia. gamonaklisia A292 da Sin 79 xelnawerebi, romelTagan pirveli 1800 wels gadawerili nusxa, grigolis sadResaswaulo satyvebis garda, kidev 25 Txzulebis Targmans Seicavs da efrem mciris Targmanebis TiTqmis srul krebuls warmoadgens (lafonteni, metreveli, 1977, 69-73), xolo Sin 79-Si mxolod 5 sityvis Targmania warmodgenili odnav gansxvavebuli rigiT (bregaZe, 1988, 143-144). Teqvsmetsityviani krebulebidan moculobisa da Sedgenilobis mixedviT yvelaze srulia ori nusxa: Jer. 43 da Jer.13. swored am or xelnawerSia SemorGenili mTargmnelis `Tavisa anderZi~ (Jer.43,1r-4r) da `boloYsa anderZi”(Jer.13,250r). mTargmnelis winasityvaobas aq epistoles xasiaTi aqvs. misi adresatia beri kvirike aleqsandrieli, romelmac, efremis sityviT, `zedmiwevniT uwyis rabamobaY berZenTa da qarTvelTa enebisaY~ da romelsac, rogorc Gans, dauvalebia efremisaTvis grigol nazianzelis sityvaTa krebulis Targmna. es epistole, iseve rogorc saerTod bizantiuri epistole (popova, 1974, 182), miuxedavad konkretuli adresatis arsebobisa, mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisTvisaa gaTvaliswinebuli da faqtiurad grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa krebulisaTvis daweril mTargmnelis Sesavals warmoadgens. rogorc aRvniSneT, igi erTaderT xelnawers SemorGenia da isic sakmaod dazianebulad. gansakuTrebiT dazianebula - 113 - dasawyisi am epistolisa, sadac zogierTi sityvis amokiTxva arc xerxdeba. grigolis 16-sityviani krebulebidan Jer.43 erTaderTia, romelic Tavnakluli ar aris. amitom SemogvrGa iq efremis es epistole, romelic safiqrebelia, rom win uZRoda am tipis yvela krebuls da `Tavisa anderZis~ anu winasityvaobis funqcias asrulebda. grigolis liturgikul krebulebs amTavrebda `boloYsa anderZi~, romelic krebulTa bolonaklulobis gamo dRes aseve erTaderTi (Jer.13) xelnaweriTaa Semonaxuli. orive anderZi ramdenjermea gamoqveynebuli. pirvelad isini r. bleikma gamoaqveyna 1926 wels (bleiki, 1926, 166172); xolo Semdeg daibeWda n. maris mier Sedgenil ierusalimur xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi (mari, 1955, 22-23, 71-76). ukanaskneli gamocema am anderZebisa T. bregaZes ekuTvnis (bregaZe, 1988, 147-149; 163). efremis am anderZebs xSirad imowmeben nazianzelis SemoqmedebiTi memkvidreobisa da gansakuTrebiT misi qarTuli Targmanebis mkvlevarni(rafava, 1995, oTxmezuri, 1995a, b.; 1997; 1998; 2001; 2002; q. bezaraSvili, m. maWavariani, 1995; q. bezaraSvili, 1998; 1999; 2001, a, b; 2002; 2003; 2004). `Tavisa anderZis~ ZiriTadi paTosi Tavmdabali beris Tavis marTlebaa, romelic SiSobs, vinmem mis saqmianobaSi `Tavisa umjobesad gamoGinebis survili~ ar dainaxos da kadnierebis gamo mayvedrebel ar eqmnes mas. amitomac, miuxedavad imisa, rom `Tavisa ganmarTlebaY ucxo ars wesTagan monazonTaYsa~, mTeli epistole faqtobrivad Tavis marTlebaa. magram amasTan erTad efremi Tavis mTargmnelobiT principebsac ayalibebs, asabuTebs ra eqvTimesagan erTxel Targmnilis xelmeored Targmnis aucileblobas. anderZi Seicavs qarTuli literaturis istoriisaTvis sayuradRebo mraval cnobasac. uw. yovlisa, efremis epistole arkvevs, rom mas grigol RvTismetyvelis Teqvsmetsityviani krebulebi uTargmnia beri kvirikes davalebiT, romlis Txovna didi xnis manZilze yurad ar uRia, radgan "did sakadrebel iyo Gemda Sesvlad SeuvalTa" da axlac, rodesac "mravalweliwdeuli urGebaY, ufroYsRa moSiSebaY", daarRvia, amis mizezi isev kvirike beria, romelic efrems "mosed da Suamdgomlad, ufroYsRa Pidad wiaRmyvanebelad" eguleba. "Sesavlis" Semdegi nawili - 114 - imis mtkicebas uWiravs, rom "Semdgomni Targmanni pirvel damSuralTa TargmanTa wignebisagan ganiswavlebian". efrem mcire amitomac Tvlis Tavs eqvTime aTonelis mowafed da mis mier Targmnili Txzulebebis SiSiTa da ZrwoliT gamarTvis uflebis mqoned. efremis sityviT, grigol RvTismetyvelis am Teqvsmeti sakiTxavis TargmnisaTvis mas sakmaod didi dro moundomebia: "rameTu ara viTar vhgoneb equseul, aramed mrGobl equseulca iqmnnes Tueni Gemisa amaT aTequsmetTa sakiTxavTa Sromisani da mcired warmarT"(2v). miuxedavad imisa, rom kvirike beri, romelsac hqonda `SiSi amier micvalebisaY~, aGqarebda mas, efrems `mrGobl equseuli~ Tve umuSavia am saqmeze, radgan `ara SeuZlebel iyo garewar qmnaY amaT adgilTaY, sada sityuaTa SecvalebaY mixudeboda~, radgan, rodesac TargmanSi romelime sityvas cvlida (`raJams cvalebaY mindis sityvisaY~), jer Targmanebas anu komentarebs Gaxedavda da Seudarebda (`pirvelad TargmniTa gavhmarTi~), magram amasac ar jerdeboda da saeWvo sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs antioqiis sapatriarqos filosofosTa da mitropolitTa da `TKT maT yovelTa ubrZnesisa da wmidisa meufisa~ daxmarebiT gamoiZiebda, rasac, bunebrivia, garkveuli dro sWirdeboda. efremis cnobiT, muSaoba sxva mizeziTac ferxdeboda: mas davalebuli hqonda `wmidisa oden sityuani martod~ eTargmna da `zedadarTuli yoveli da Targmanisagan GarTuli~ daetovebina. magram eqvTimes mier `Sematebisa da klebis~ meTodiT Sesrulebuli Targmanebi efrems zepirad scodnia, amitomac zogjer `Zueli warzidavda~, anu Targmnisas misdauneburad Zveli Targmanis esa Tu is adgili agondeboda, romelic xSirad dedans ar Seesabameboda. amitomac, `daRacaTu davweri raYme, romeli ara iyvis dedasa, ara daviconi kula aPocad da marTlad dawerad~, rac, ra Tqma unda, axangrZlivebda Targmanze muSaobas. `amis pirisaTKs didad daviyovneo~, _ aRniSnavs efremi. miuxedavad kvirike beris gamxnevebisa, rogorc Gans, efrems mainc awuxebda, rom man eqvTimes Targmnil homiliebs xelmeored Targmna Sehbeda, amitomac anderZis bolo nawilSi isev ubrundeba am sakiTxs. aRsaniSnavia am anderZSi efremis mier gakeTebuli - 115 - gancxadeba: `xolo marTlisa sarwmunoebisaTKs mza var sityKsgebad yovelTa gamomeZiebelTa da SevaGueneb yovelsa wvalebasa da winaaRmdgomsa wmidaTa mamaTa da marTlmadidebelTa krebulTa sjulisdebisasa. da esreT mswams, viTarca qadagebs didi grigoli RmrTismetyueli. xolo Tu viTar, anu rasa qadagebs, es TKT mas hkiTxeT, xolo me marTlmorwmunesa Svilsa Tquen yovelTa kaTolike eklesiisa, caliersa yovelTa keTilTa saqmeTagan, wmidaY locvaY Tquen mommadleT windad saukunoYsa cxovrebisa (4r). efremis am sityvebs TiTqos apologiuri ieri dahkravs. Gans, mas sayvedurobdnen ara marto imisTvis, rom eqvTimes Targmnili Txzulebebis xelaxla Targmna gabeda, aramed mis TargmanebSi zogierTni `marTali sarwmunoebis~ sawinaaRmdego azrebsac xedavdnen. SesaZloa, amitomac uxdeboda efrems imis xazgasmac, rom `berZulsa Sina esreT ars da RvTismetyuelsa esreT uTquams da mieriTgan nuRara me, aramed wignsa eSjodes da RmrTismetyuelsa amissa gamometyuelsa”(3v). Sesavlis bolos, Gveulebisamebr, dasaxelebulia am wignis Targmnisas xelSemwyobi piri _ beri saba, romlis locviTac gaZlierebul efrems bolomde miuyvania dawyebuli saqme. Jer. 43 xelnawerSi Senaxuli efremis es `mozraxuli~, rogorc aRvniSneT, epistolea da misi adresatia beri kvirike. igive kvirike beri, oRond amjerad rogorc beri kKrike aleqsandrieli dasaxelebulia grigolis Teqvsmetsityviani krebulis `boloYsa anderZSi~, romelic Jer.13 xelnawerSi gvaqvs (Jer.13,250r). `boloYsa anderZis~ beri kKrike efremis `sulieri mamaa~ da grigolis sadResaswaulo homiliebis `kualad meored berZulisagan qarTulad Targmnis~ iniciatori. kvirikesTan erTad anderZSi dasaxelebulia isev saba, romlis locviTac `srulyvna RmerTman aTequsmetni ese saeklesioni sityuani didisa grigoli RmrTismetyuelisani~ da ioane xuci mTavaraYsZe, `romelman ara dagKSurva TKsi qaRaldi sasurelad da puri sazrdelad TanadgomiTurT TKsiT, raYTa esreT srul iqmnes mravalJameuli iZulebiT brZanebaY sulierisa mamisa Guenisa berisa kKrike aleqsandrielisaY" (250r). `boloYsa anderZSi~ efremi isev ubrundeba TavSi darTul werilSi dawvrilebiT ganxilul sakiTxs, misgan gr- 116 - igolis homiliebis xelmeored Targmnas da aRniSnavs, rom misi Targmanebi cxadad uGveneben `meZiebelTa da mayuedrebelTa, Tu viTarisa siRrmisa da sityua-mokleobisagan, viTar sivrced da ganaTlebad miewines eseni (qarTvelebi d. T.) wmidasa mamasa Guensa efTKmes didisa pavles msgavsad sZiTa mzrdelsa Guenisa sarGoebisasa da esoden hasakad mimawevnelsa, vidreRa aw umtkicesisa sazrdelisaTKs aRvisurveTo~. efremis azriT, misi Targmanebi `mtkice sazrdelia~ qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis, romelic, marTalia, `sZiTaa gazrdili~, magram im asakamdea miwevnuli, rom ukve magar sakvebs iTxovs. anderZs efremi Gveulebrivi vedrebis formuliT amTavrebs: `gevedrebi... yovelTa..., raYTa usasyidlod locvasa momiPsenoT mraval salmobierad mkKdri jojoxeTisaY, yovlad ubadruki mcire efrem; SemiwyaleT, wmidano, SemiwyaleT da sasoebasa Gemsa nu arcxuenT (Jer.13,250r). grigol nazianzelis Teqvsmetsityviani krebulis `Tavisa anderZSi~ (Jer.43,1r-4r) efremi am krebulis TargmnasTan dakavSirebul mraval sakiTxs exeba, maT Soris, dednad SerCeul berZnul teqstebsac. efremis cnobiT, mas dednad hqonia basili gramatikosis mier “ucTomelad da gamowulilviT gamarTuli” berZnuli teqsti, risTvisac madlobiT moixseniebs mas Tavis werilSi: “RmerTman TqueniTa madliTa akurTxen da netar yven suli basili RramatikosisaY da Seundven amis dedisa Gemda momcemelTa, ucTomelad da gamowulilviT gaemarTa da yovelni dajerebul iqmnnes amas dedasa” (Jer.43,3r). efremis mier aq dasaxelebul basili gramatikoss k. kekeliZe efremis originalur istoriul TxzulebaSi (`uwyebaY mizezTa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa... ~) naxseneb basili gramatikosad miiGnevs da aRniSnavs: `es basili, albaT, is basili gramatikosia, romelic antioqiis patriarqs meTerTmete saukunis ormocian wlebSi saqarTveloSi gamougzavnia, efremisave cnobiT, `wvalebisaTKs akakTaYsa~ (kekeliZe, 1980, 265). marTalia, efremis `uwyebaYSi~ miTiTebuli ar aris TariRi, Tu rodis `warivlina basili Rramatikosi wvalebisaTKs akakTaYsa~ saqarTveloSi, magram aRniSnulia, rom es iyo `netarisa Teodore patriarqisa dReTa~ (efrem mcire, 1959, 10). k. kekeliZis azriT, es momxdara 1042 wels. `rogorc nikon SavmTeli mowmobso~, _ SeniSnavs - 117 - pativcemuli mkvlevari sqolioSi (gv. 265), Tumca nikon SavmTelis romel TxzulebaSia amaze laparaki, igi ar miuTiTebs. vfiqrobT, `uwyebaYs~ basili Rramatikosis efremis epistoles basilisTan gaigiveba ar aris aucilebeli. Gveni azriT, efremis mier kvirike berisTvis miweril epistoleSi dasaxelebuli basili Rramatikosi SesaZloa iyos X saukunis bizantieli moRvawe, kesaria-kapadokiis episkoposi basili, romelic Tavmdablobis niSnad `˜λαχιστÒs~-ad “Minimus”-ad anu `mcired~, `undod~ iwodeboda, sapirispirod IV saukunis saeklesio mamis, aseve kesaria-kapadukiis episkoposis, basili didisa. am basili undos bizantiis imperator konstantine VII porfirogenetisaTvis (913-959 w. w.) qristeSobis dResaswaulze miurTmevia grigol nazianzelis 16-sityviani komentirebuli krebuli, romelsac win uZRoda misive epistole imperatorisadmi (oTxmezuri, 1989, 18-31), saidanac irkveva, ra samuSao Gautarebia basilis. mas Seukrebia grigolis homiliebze arsebuli komentarebi, Seumoklebia, nawilobriv gaumartivebia, daurTavs sakuTari ganmartebebic da am saxiT miurTmevia krebuli konstantine porfirogenetisaTvis. efrem mcires dednad swored basili undoYs anu basili Rramatikosis Sedgenili amgvari krebulebi hqonia, rasac, efremis epistoles garda, xelnawerTa Gvenebac adasturebs. efremis mier Targmnili grigolis 16-sityviani krebuli swored komentirebuli krebulia (A109,Jer.13,Jer.15,Jer.43,A 16,A1338), romelTagan zogierTs am krebulis Semdgenelredaqtor-komentatoris saxelic Semounaxavs. kerZod, Jer.13 xelnawerSi grigol nazianzelis homiliis `epitafiad didisa basilisaTKs~ komentarebs aseTi saTauri aqvs: “Tqumuli basili kesariel protoTronisaY uwyebaY mizezsa raYsaTKs epitafiad zedawarweril ars sakiTxavi ese” (Jer.13.299 r). amasTanave, rogorc grigol nazianzelis homiliaTa efrem mciriseuli krebulebis mkvlevarma m. rafavam SeniSna, efremis krebulebSi homiliebi dalagebulia im rigiT, rogorc es basili undos krebulSia. amave dros, basilis komentarebis Semcvel berZnul nusxebSi aris ramdenime mcire moculobis teqsti (saidaki, 1914, 71), romlebic dasturdeba efremis Targmanebis Semcvel zogierT nusxaSi (Jer.15,Jer.43), rac mkvlevars aZlevs Semdegi varaudis gamoTqmis ufle- 118 - bas: `16 litirgikuli homiliis efrem mciris Targmanis Semcveli krebulis dedani SesaZloa im berZnul xelnawerebSi viguloT, romelSic basili mciris komentarebia dadasturebuli~ (rafava, 1990, a, g78). radgan efremma swored basili mciris mier komentirebuli krebuli Targmna kvirike beris daJinebuli TxovniT da locva-kurTxeviT, savaraudoa, rom moZRvrisadmi miweril epistoleSic swored berZnuli dednis `ucTomelad da gamowulilviT~ gammarTveli basilis moixseniebda, romelic X saukunis moRvawea da ara sxva basilis (marTalia, aseve Rramatikosad wodebuls), romelic XI saukunis 40-ian wlebSi antioqiidan saqarTveloSi warmougzavniaT arianobis wiaRSi aRmocenebuli akakielTa eresis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. is, rom efremis epistoleSi efremis xelT arsebuli berZnuli dednis gammarTveli basili ixsenieba Rramatikosad da ara `minimusad~, `undod~ an `protoTronad~, rogorc iwodeba is sxva wyaroebSi, vfiqrobT, xels ver SeuSlis efremis epistoles basilis basili minimusTan gaigivebas, radgan basilis Rramatikosad wodebiT xazgasmulia mis mier gaweuli muSaobis xasiaTi. gramatikosoba efremis erTi sqolios mixedviT, komentirebas, ganmartebas, `siRrmiT Seyinebuli~ adgilebis gasagebad gadmocemasac gulisxmobs (A24,14v; TvalTvaZe, 1993)13* . basili undos mier komentirebul krebulSi swored nazianzelis homiliaTa amgvari “Zniad gulisPmisayofeli” adgilebia ganmartebuli. albaT amitomac uwodebs teqstis amgvarad dammuSavebel mwignobars efrem mcire gramatikoss. grigol nazianzelis homiliaTa qarTul Targmanze efrem mciris mier darTuli ara erTi “Seiswave” mowmobs, rom efremsac didi Sroma gauwevia, rom basili gramatikosis naRvawis msgavsad misi Targmanebic “ucTomeli da gamowulilviT gamarTuli” yofiliyo. rogorc Gans, efremi berZnul teqstebsac udarebda erTmaneTs da Tuki maT Soris redaqciul sxvaobas SeniSnavda, amis Sesaxeb qarTvel 13 `Rramma~ werilad gamoiTargmanebis, xolo `tikosi~ _ damadnobelad raYTa raJams sTqua `Rrammatikosi~, uwyodi, viTarmed damadnobelsa ityK werilisasa, ese igi ars, romeli dahPsnis simyKrtlesa sityuaTasa, siRrmiT SeyinebulTasa~ (A24.14v; gramatikosis movaleobis Sesaxeb efrem mciris naazrevi ix. d. TvalTvaZe, gramatikuli xasiaTis SeniSvnebi efrem mciris TargmanebSi). - 119 - mkiTxvelsac afrTxilebda: “xolo sxuasa dedasa berZulsa” sxvagvarad ewerao. aseTi SeniSvna aqvs darTuli magaliTad grigol nazianzelis sityvas “kKprianesaTKs”, sadac teqstSi ikiTxeba: “da viTar Sehgavs masTa sakuTrebiT pativismcemelTa PorcTa daclaY, sulisa aRslvaY, siborotisa ltolvaY da saTnoebisa aRorZinebaY” (Jer.13,248r). mTargmneli sagangebo niSniT gamoyofs aq sityvas “aRslvaY” da kideze SeniSnavs: “xolo sxuasa dedasa berZulsa sulisa aRdgomilebaY” (Jer.13,248r). msgavsi xasiaTis SeniSvna erTvis grigol nazianzelis imave homilias sxva adgilsac, sadac teqstSi naxsenebia `mama~, mTargmneli aSiaze SeniSnavs: `Seiswave, rameTu berZuli RmrTismetyueli vanaxve Targmansa da mamaY ewera, ara dedaY, arca mSobeli ziar saxeli~ (Jer.13,241r). rogorc Gans, efremis xelT arsebul grigol RvTismetyvelis am homiliis ganmartebaSi (`TargmanSi~) aq yofila sityva `deda~, romlis sisworeSi efrems eWvi Sehparvia, amitomac `berZnuli RmrTismetyveliT~ anu grigol nazianzelis homiliis berZnuli teqstiT Seumowmebia es adgili, iq ki, rogorc `SeiswaveSi~ SeniSnavs, `mamaY ewera~ da `ara dedaY~. efremi imasac ki aRniSnavs, berZnul RmrTismetyvelSi ar weria ara Tu deda, aramed `mSobelic~ ki, romelic `ziar saxelia~, anu saerTo aRmniSvnelia dedisa da mamisa, amitomac qarTul TargmanSic `mamas~ tovebs. grigol nazianzelis homiliebTan dakavSirebiT gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania efrem mciris grigol RmrTismetyvelis 41-e homilias (`meergasisaTKs da sulis wmidisa) erTi adgilis gamo dawerili efremis ori `Seiswave~. orive `Seiswave~ grigol nazianzelis 41-e homiliis erTsa da imave adgils ganmartavs. maTgan erTi daculia Jer.43 (231r), xolo meore - Jer.13(213v) xelnawerSi. RvTismetyvelis teqstis imave gansamartavi pasaJis gaswvriv aSiaze orive sqolio erTad aris warmodgenili A 109 nusxaSi, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom am sqolioebs sxvadasxva daniSnuleba aqvT. grigolis homiliaSi saubaria ricxv `Svidis~ pativiscemis Sesaxeb. `Svideulsa pativ scemen ebraelTa yrmani sjulisdebiTgan mosesiT ... dReTa ukue SKdeulni Soben meergasesa. esreT SKdricxobisa pativiscemaman pativi meergasisaY Semoiyvana, rameTu SKdi Tavisa TKsisa zeda darTuli - 120 - Sobs meergasesa erTiTa naklul dRiTa... xolo pativisaTKs SKdisa mravalni wameben, garna Guen mravalTagan mciredi kma gueyos”-o, aRniSnavs nazianzeli da GamoTvlis ramdenimes: `codvaTagan ara xolo SKdgzis, aramed sameocdaaT-SKdgzis Seendobvis, kaen SKdgzis daisjebis... Svidgzis dResa Sina RmerTi iqebis... gulisPma-vyof SKd sayKrTaca iso-naveanisaTa da esodenTave garemovlaTa da dReTa da mRdelTa SKdobasa, romelTagan daiZrKan zRudeni ieriqoYsni, viTarigi sam STabervasaca elia winaYswarmetyuelisasa sarefTes qurivis Zisa cxorebisa mimfenelsa... ~ (Jer.43,231r). grigol RKTismetyvelis homiliidan es vrceli nawyveti sagangebod moviyvaneT, rom advili dasanaxi yofiliyo, ram gamoiwvia efrem mciris daeWveba. mTeli msjeloba iqiTkenaa mimarTuli, rom Svidi gansakuTrebuli, sakraluri ricxvia, risTvisac araerTi magaliTia damowmebuli da am konteqstSi naxsenebia elia winaswarmetyvelis mier sarefTeli qvrivi qalis Svilis gacocxleba sam STaberviT. amitomac efrems, romelsac SeumGnevia Seusabamoba mis xelT arsebul grigolis berZnuli teqstis am monakveTsa da am pasaJis basili minimusiseul komentars Soris (sakiTxavSi iyo `samSTaberva eliaYsi~, xolo berZen komentators ganmartebuli hqonda `Svidmoqceva eliaYsi~), sagangebod gamoukvlevia es sakiTxi da kvlevis Sedegebi kideze darTul “SeiswaveSi” Seujamebia: “Seiswave”, rameTu ese SKdmoqcevaY eliaYsi arca sawinaswarmetyueloTa Sina ipoebis da arca zogTa RmrTismetyuelTa. vinaYca saZiebel ars, Tu sadaYaT moRebul ars amisa SKdmoqcevaY eliaYsi, romeli me mas dedasa, romlisagan vTargmnen ese RmrTismetyuelisa sakiTxavni, esreT vpoe, viTarmed: “viTar-igi saidumlod sam STabervasaca elia winaYswarmetyuelisasa” da egreTve miTargmnia sityuaY ese, viTa mun vpoen. rameTu elisesTKs oden weril ars sawinaswarmetyuelosa Sina SKdgzis moqcevaY, romlisa Tana SKdgzis SeikunZa, xolo aqa kula esreT vTargmne, viTa vpoe da egreTve sxvaTaca zogTa RmrTismetyuelTa ipoebis berZulad da mamasa efTKmes egreTve uTargmnia, SemindeviT, Tu ese iyos, aha, winaSe ars, Tu [samis]Tvis, viTa Gemsa dedasa Sina ewera, maSin ese Targmani sam STabervisaTKsca igi Targmnis, Tu viTar swor ricxued ars sami SKdisaY” (Jer.43,231r.). efremis es sqolio Seqmnili unda iyos efremis mier - 121 - grigol nazianzelis homilis teqstisa da misi komentarebis Targmnis procesSi. masSi dafiqsirebulia saeWvo adgilis Sesaxeb mTargmnelis mier am etapze Gatarebuli kvlevis Sedegebi: efrems Seumowmebia mis xelT arsebuli dednis wakiTxvis siswore, risTvisac ramdenime mimarTulebiT warumarTavs muSaoba: erTmaneTisaTvis Seudarebia grigol RvTismetyvelis am homiliis berZnuli nusxebi, magram amas sakiTxis gadawyvetis saSualeba ar miucia, radgan “zogTa RmrTismetyvelTa” elias Svidmoqceva ewera, xolo “sxuaTa berZulTa dedaTa” ki “sam STabervaY elia winaYswarmetyuelisaY”. nazianzelis homiliis berZnuli dednebis Sedarebis Semdeg efrems pirvelwyarosTvis miumarTavs, “sawinaswarmetyueloTa Sina” mouZebnia Sesabamisi adgilebi da aseT daskvnamde misula, rom “ese SKdmoqcevaY eliaYsi arca sawinaswarmetyueloTa Sina ipoebis..., rameTu elisesTKs oden weril ars sawinaswarmetyuelosa Sina Svidgzis moqcevaY, romlisa Tana SKdgzis SeikunZa” (IV mef. 4, 34-35)14, xolo elias Sesaxeb arsad weria, rom “msgavsad elisessa Svidgzis moqceul da SekunZvil iyo eliaca. garna samgzis STahbera oden” (III mef. 17, 17-20)15 Semdeg efrems nazianzelis TxzulebaTa komentarebSic mouZebnia Sesabamisi adgili, magram “Targmanic amasve Targmnis”, e. i. iqac elias Svidmoqceobaze yofila saubari. efrems Seumowmebia am homoliis eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmanis Sesabamisi adgilic, romelSic es muxli asea Targmnili: ` gulisPma yav SKdgzis moqcevasa mas elia winaswarmtyuelisasa~. radgan mis berZnul dedanSi eqvTimes berZnuli dednisgan, agreTve, bizantieli komentatoris, basili minimusis mier gansamartavad aRebuli berZnuli teqstisagan gansxvavebuli variantuli wakiTxva dasturdeba, berZnul nusxebs Soris arsebuli sxvaoba efrems arGevanis winaSe ayenebs, romeli maTganis Gvenebas mianWos upiratesoba da miuxedavad yvelafrisa, erTguli rGeba Tavisi berZnuli dednisa, romelsac `ueWK da sandod~ miiGnevs: `mas dedasa, romlisagan vTarg14 da aRPda da daawva zeda yrmasa da dasdva piri TKsi zeda pirsa missa da Tualni misni zeda TualTa misTa, Pelni misni PelTa misTa da SeikunZa mas zeda da gantfes Porcni yrmisani mis. da aRsdga elise da mivlo saxlsa mas Sina imier-amier da aPda meored, daawva yrmisa mas zeda SKdgzis da aRixila yrmaman man Tualni TKsni~ (mef. IV; 4, 34-35). 15 `da dahbera samgzis yrmasa mas da xadoda ufalsa... ~ (III mefeT. 17, 17-22)* - 122 - men ese RmrTismetyuelisa sakiTxavni, esreT vpoe, viTarmed: “viTar-igi saidumlod sam STabervasaca elia winaYswarmetyuelisasa”~ da egreTve miTargmnia sityuaY ese, viTa mun vpoen~. efremi am gansxvavebuli variantis teqstSi gaGenis axsnasac cdilobs: “ese Targmani sam STabervisaTKsca igi Targmnis, Tu viTar swor ricxued ars sami SvidisaY”. efrems am sakiTxis kvleva amiT ar dausrulebia. `saZiebel ars, Tu sadaYaT moRebul ars amisa SKdmoqcevaY eliaYsi~- wers is. meore ierusalimuri xelnaweris sqolioSi Jer.13(213v) swored Semdgomi kvlevis Sedegebi unda iyos asaxuli. `Seiswave, viTarmed sxuaTa berZulTa dedaTa esreT ipova, `viTar igi SKd moqcevasaca elia winaswarmetyuelisasa sarefTe” da Targmani amasve Targmnis. garna amas dedasa, romel me mqonda, ese saidumlod samSTabervaY ewera, viTa aqa damiweria. da arca sawinaswarmetyueloTa Sina ipoebis, Tuca msgavsad elisessa SKdgzis moqceul da SekunZvil iyo eliaca, garna samgzis STahbera oden” (Jer.13.213v.) rogorc am SeniSvnidan Gans, efrems upovia iseTi berZnuli xelnawerebi, romlebSic dasturdeba elias Sesaxeb variantuli wakiTxva _ ~SKdmoqcevaY eliasi~, ris ganmartebasac iZleva berZeni komentatori. magram, miuxedavad amisa, efremi mainc erTguli rGeba im berZnuli dednisa, romelic mas Targmnisas hqonia xelT. efrem mciris `mozraxul~ anderZebsa da `SeiswaveebSi~ dacul cnobebs garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvT rogorc grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa berZnuli dednebis urTierTmimarTebis, aseve grigolis homiliaTa qarTuli Targmanis dednis dadgenisaTvisac. efrem mciris mier dednad gamoyenebuli manuskripti im nusxaTa Sorisaa saZiebeli, sadac `elias samSTaberva~, `sulTa aRdgomileba~ da efremis mier miTiTebuli amgvari gansxvavebuli wakiTxvebi gvaqvs. b)grigol RvTismetyvelis TxzulebaTa Targmanze darTuli sxva anderZebi. Teqvsmetsityviani sadResaswaulo krebulebis garda, efrem mcirem grigol nazianzelis mravali sxva Txzulebac Targmna (bregaZe, 1971, 435-414). maTgan udidesi nawili Tavmoyrilia 1800 wels ioane oses Zis mier gadaweril xelnawerSi (A292), romelic, rogorc gadamweris anderZidan irkveva, nazianzelis TxzulebaTa efrem mciri- 123 - seuli Targmanebis Semcveli "or tomedi" dednisaganaa gadawerili (A292, 405r). krebulSi gaerTianebuli 43 statiidan 25, romelTagan zogierTs mTargmnelis anderZic axlavs, mxolod am nusxam Semogvinaxa (A292 xelnaweri krebulis Sedgenilobis Sesaxeb ix. rafava, 1990, . 79-84; lafonteni, metreveli, 1983, 63-70). kerZod, A292 xelnawerSi daculi gvaqvs efrem mciris Semdegi anderZebi: 1) anderZi, darTuli ivlianes meore gansaqiqebeli sityvis (Or.5) Targmanze (A 292,215v). 2) anderZi, darTuli grigolis sityvis `maTda mimarT, romelTa dasabamsave Semdgomad xucobisa mouwodes mas aRvsebisaTKs da ara wina daemTxKnes mas~ (Or.3) Targmanze (A292, 279v). 3) anderZi, romelic erTvis grigolis (Or.27) homilias (`evnomianosTa mimarT da RmrTismetyuelebisaTKs winaganbWoba~ (A292, 314v). 4) anderZi, romelic mTargmnels daurTavs grigolis sityvis (Or.47) `metafrasi eklesiastisa" qarTul Targmanze (A292,329 r-v). efremis es anderZebi gamoqveynebulia orjer. pirvelad isini daibeWda k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa institutis A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi 1980 wels (A I ,3), xolo meored 1988 wels T. bregaZis mier Sedgenil nazianxelis TxzulebaTa qarTuli Targmanebis Semcvel xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi (bregaZe, 1988, 171-172; 174-175; 182)16 efremis oTxi anderZidan pirveli sami konkretuli Txzulebis TargmnasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs exeba, xolo meoTxe ki grigolis TxzulebaTa sruli krebulis Targmnis damTavrebis gamoa dawerili (329 r-v). igi erTvis am krebulSi 37-e nomrad Setanil Txzulebas, `metafrasi eklesiastesi~, romelsac berZnuli xelnawerebi SecdomiT miaweren grigol nazianzels. misi avtoria grigol neokesarieli sakvirkelmoqmedi (P.G. X,col. 988-1017; kekeliZe, 1980, 258, 463; misive 16 T. bregaZis aRwerilobaSi xelnaweris paginacia 3 furcliT sxvaobs A fondis aRwerilobis paginaciisagan, amitomac A I,3-Si da T. bregaZis aRwerilobaSi miTiTebuli gverdebi erTmaneTs ar emTxveva. Gven T. bregaZis aRwerilobis mixedviT vuTiTebT gverdebs. - 124 - et. V, 25, 36). berZnul xelnawerTa kvaldakval es Txzuleba grigol nazianzelisad miaGnia efrem mciresac. misi TargmniT efrems, rogorc anderZidan irkveva, dausrulebia grigolis 50 sityviani krebulis qarTulad gadmoTargmna: `romelni akldes ergasisTa maT TavTa mier Sesrulebulsa wignsa wmida grigori RmrTismetyuelisasa da aw ars momadlebiTa SeniTa qarTuladca unaklulo ricxK sakiTxavTa misTa, viTar-igi berZulad da yovelive berZulisagan~ (A292,331 r-v). grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel berZnul xelnawerebSi Sedgenilobisa da homiliaTa raodenobis TvalsazrisiT erTgvarovani suraTi araa. nazianzelis homiliaTa sruli korpusi Seicavs zog xelnawerebSi 45 homilias da 10 danamats (anu teqstebs, romlebic sakiTxavebs ar warmoadgenen, magram tradiciiT homiliaTa krebulSi arian GarTuli). xelnawerTa meore jgufSi homiliaTa raodenobaa 47, an 52 (Sinko, 1923). rogorc efrem mciris anderZidan irkveva, efremi icnobda da sargeblobda iseTi krebuliT, romelic `ergasisi Tavisagan~ anu 50 Txzulebisagan Sedgeboda. anderZidan cxadi xdeba, rom efremis mTargmnelobiTi saqmianoba mimarTuli iyo iqiTken, rom qarTul enaze arsebuliyo grigolis homiliaTa sruli korpusi, Tanac `viTar igi berZulad [ars] da yovelive berZulisagan~. amitom efremis muSaoba, erTi mxriv, iqiTken warimarTa, rom eTargmna qarTulad grigolis is sakiTxavebi, romlebic aqamde ar yofila Targmnili (sul 20 Txzuleba) da amiT `srulqmniliyo ricxvi sakiTxavTaY~ da, meore mxriv, xelaxla Targmna da `berZulisada miiyvana~ wina mTargmnelTa (daviT tbeli, eqvTime mTawmindeli) mier berZnulidan ukve gadmoRebuli sakiTxavebi (sul 20 Txzuleba). efremma xelaxla Targmna grigol oSkelis mier somxuridan Targmnili 27-e sityvac swored imitom, rom `yovelive berZulisagan~ Targmnili yofiliyo. e. i. efrems sul uTargmnia grigol nazianzelis 41 Txzuleba (rafava, 1990, 82-84), rac daviT tbelisa da eqvTime aTonelis TargmanebTan erTad marTlac Seadgens srul korpuss grigol RvTismetyvelis Txzulebebisa. aRsaniSnavia, rom nazianzelis TxzulebaTa sruli korpusis qarTulad gadmoRebisas efremis xelSemwyob pirad - 125 - am anderZSic beri sabaa dasaxelebuli (saba sulaYs Ze Tuxareli), romelTanac erTad ixsenieba beri antonic (antoni tbeli). swored maTi locviT miemadla `umsgavsosa monasa efrem mcires, raYTa viTarca ZaRlman molokos nabiWevisagan dacKvnebulisa wmidaTa maT pirTagan evTimi mTawmidelisa da daviT tbelisa neSti sakiTxavTa~ (A292, 329 r). anderZis bolos mTargmneli TxovniT mimarTavs yvelas, `romelni ikiTxviden, hswerden, gina kiTxvasa amaTsa isminden~, Seudon da miuteon uricxvi codvani da usjuloebani mas da zemoT xsenebul mamebTan erTad locvasa Sina moixsenion. rogorc aRvniSneT, A 292 krebulSi efremis kidev sami anderZi gvaqvs daculi. maTgan pirveli erTvis ivliane gandgomilis gansaqiqeblad grigolis mier warmTqmul meore sityvas (Or.5), saidanac irkveva, rom efremma Targmna nazianzelis es Txzuleba imitom, rom `srul iqmnas pirvelsave Tana~ (igulisxmeba ivlianes gansaqiqebeli pirveli sityva (Or.4), romelic daviT tbelis mier yofila Targmnili). `mozraxulis~ darTva am TargmanisaTvis, rogorc Gans, gamouwvevia imas, rom gansxvavebiT grigolis sxva sakiTxavebisagan es sityva mTavrdeba ara Gveulebrivi didebis formuliT, aramed Semdegi sityvebiT: `... ikadros vinme msgavsad Sensa RmerTsa zeda aRdgomileba da numca KieT ukadrebies, raYTa arca maTca sworive Sensa SeemTxKos misagebeli~ (A 292, 215v), ris gamoc, SesaZloa, is vinmes usruli, daumTavrebeli egonos17* , magram efremi afrTxilebs mkiTxvels: "ubolood datevebisaTKs nu vis usruli hgonies, rameTu berZulad esreT ars Tqmuli wmidisa". am konkretuli SemTxvevis gamo efremi friad saintereso msjelobas gvTavazobs: "aTormetni Pelovnebani arian berZenTa swavlulebisani da TiTeuli aRmwereli miT saxiTa aRmwerlobs, raYca Pelovneba eswavos aTormetTa maTgan: Rramatikosoba, gina filosofosoba, ritoreba, anu mkurnaloba, musikeloba, anu queynismzomeloba, varkulavTmricxueloba, anu ricxKTmoqmedeba, bunebaTmetyueleba, anu 17 Sdr.: ivlianes gansaqiqebeli I sityvis dasaruli: `romlisaY ars didebaY, ZlierebaY, simtkice da sufevaY TanadausabamoYT mamiT da yovlad wmidiT, cxovelsmyofeliT suliT misiTurT aw da maradis da ukuniTi ukunisamde, amin~. (bregaZe, 1988, 22-39). - 126 - nivTTmetyueleba, PelovnebaTa saqme, anu wesi brZolisaY". sxva aRmwerelni, romlebic aq GamoTvlili Tormeti "Pelovnebidan" erT-erTs arian dauflebulni, "miT saxiTa aRmwereloben", rac uswavliaT. xolo grigoli, "wmidaY ese da didi RmrTismetyueli, amiT yovliT sruliad swavluli" iyo da amitomac "yovliTa amiTa Seamkobs TqmulTa TKsTa". efremis azriT, grigoli sakiTxavis ubolood datovebas Segnebulad mimarTavs, rogorc mxatvrul xerxs: "sxKsa Pelovnebisa ars daboloeba da sxKsa ara daboloeba". aRsaniSnavia am anderZSi efremis mier Gamoyalibebuli erT-erTi mTargmnelobiTi principic: "Sedarebulad berZulisa uboloo ubolood da daboloebuli daboloebulad miTargmnia; arca sxKsa sakiTxavisa bolo Gemisa bolod damiZs, aramed ukueTu aw TargmnilTa bolo sxuaTada visme miexveWis, igi TKssave adgilsa kualad migia". ubolood datovebulis daboloebis survili romc hqonoda mTargmnels, amis gakeTeba gaumarTlebeli iqneboda imitomac, rom mas ar eqneboda "oqsinoY saolavad skaramangisa", xolo rogorc efremi SeniSnavs, "flasiTa ver davolevdio". es metafora kidev erTxel usvams xazs grigolis TxzulebaTa brwyinvalebasa da sidiades. Zvirfasi qsoviliT naqsovi skaramangis dasaboloeblad isev Zvirfasi oqsinoa saWiro da ara "flasiT daolva", anu ubralo, mdare xarisxis ZafiT gasruleba, rogoric iqneboda, efremis azriT, am sakiTxavisaTvis is mier miwerili dasasruli. meore anderZi grigol nazianzelis mesame sityvas ("mimwodebelTa mimarT da aradamTxveulTa Semdgomad xucobisa", (Or.3) Targmans erTvis, romelSic efremi bibliografiuli xasiaTis saintereso cnobas gvawvdis: `sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed, ese sakiTxavi qarTulsa Sina ars da esreT iwyebis, `raYsaTKs, Zmano Gemno, udeb iqmneniT~. ese Tavad dauZs da simcroYsaTKs amisisa `viZlie~ TanadaurTavs. ukanaYskula `viZlie~ kideganad uTargnia, romlisaTKsca amaT yuedrebaTa da sxKsa sakiTxavisa sxKsa TanamokrebaTa aRhsZrnen sxuani iZulebad da mZlavrebad Guenda didsa mas kadrebasa meored Targmnisas~ (A292,279v). efremis cnobiT, grigolis mesame sityvis qarTuli Targmani aqamdec hqoniaT qarTvelebs. es sakiTxavi eqvTimes uTargmnia (efrems am Targmanis dasawyisi sityvebic mohyavs: `raYsaTKs, Zmano - 127 - Gemno, udeb iqmneniT~), magram imis gamo, rom grigolis es sityva Zalian mokle yofila, eqvTimes misTvis grigolis meore Txzulebac (Or. 2) TanadaurTavs, romelsac efremi dasawyisi sityvis mixedviT `viZlies~ uwodebs. e. i. eqvTimes TargmanSi erTmaneTze gadabmulia grigolis ori sityva (Or. 3 da Or. 2), rac SeuniSnavT ara marto qarTvel mwignobrebs, romlebic amitomac aiZulebdnen efrems xelaxla eTargmna isini, aramed berZnebsac, romlebic amis gamo sayvedurobdnen qarTvelebs. `guayuedrebdes berZennio, ~ _ SeniSnavs efremi. `maTTa yuedrebaTagan berman kirile aleqsandrielman mravalTa welTa mmZlavra da kadrnier-myo me axlad Targmnad aTequsmetTa sadResaswauloTa da amas erTsa aporitTagansa~. aq dasaxelebuli kirile aleqsandrieli, ra Tqma unda, igive kKrike aleqsandrielia, romelic efremis sxva anderZebidan aris cnobili, rogorc iniciatori nazianzelis Teqvsmetsityviani krebulebis Targmnisa. xolo `aTeqvsmet sadResaswaulosTan~ erTad dasaxelebuli `erTi aporita~ anu dafaruli sityva, grigolis swored is sityvaa, romelsac erTvis es anderZi (Or.27). `aporitaSi~ (berZn. ¢πÒρρητος, romlis mniSvnelobaa dafaruli) efremi gulisxmobs im sityvebs, romlebic 16 sadResaswaulo sakiTxavebSi ar Sedioda da naklebad iyo cnobili mkiTxvelisaTvis (bezaraSvili, 1986). 16 liturgikuli homilia RvTismsaxurebis dros ikiTxeboda, amdenad "wasakiTxi" (¢ναγινοσκÒµενοι) iyo da gancxadebuli, xolo danarGeni ki liturgiis dros ar ikiTxeboda, amdenad "arawasakiTxi" (µή ¢ναγινοσκÒµενοι) da dafaruli (rafava, 1990, 80). garda zemoT dasaxelebuli erTi homiliisa, efrems uTargmnia kidev 19 amgvari "aporita". Tanac isini uTargmnia uwinares, vidre kvirike aleqsandrielis davalebiT grigolis Teqvsmetsityvian krebulebs xelaxla Targmnida: "xolo aTcxrametni igi aporitaTagan, pirvel Gemganve Targmnili sityuadarTviT da misve mamisa da moZRurisa kualsa SedgomiTa iTargmnes Gemgan"-o (A292, 279v), aRniSnavs efremi. garda efremis mier aq mowodebuli bibliografiuli xasiaTis cnobisa, yuradRebas iqcevs Semdegic: efrems 19 arawasakiTxi sityva grigolisa uTargmnia `sityuadarTviT~, mamisa eqvTimes kvalsa SedgomiT~ e. i. eqvTimesTvis damaxasiaTebeli meTodiT. magram efremi iqve xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom efremis `Semateba-klebis~ meTodi- 128 - dan mas mxolod erTi mxare _ `Semateba~ gamouyenebia, TargmanisaTvis masac sityva daurTavs, xolo rac Seexeba klebas, efremi amasTan dakavSirebiT acxadebs: `jerGinebiT da nebsiT uTargmneli sityuaY ara damigdiao~. amasTanave, efremi imasac usvams xazs, rom mis mier eqvTimes kvalsa SedgomiT 19 homiliis TargmanSi `sxKsa sakiTxavi sxKsa ara GaurTavs~ e. i. araferi gadauadgilebia, gadaubams an moukvecia berZnuli teqstebisaTvis, rac, rogorc konteqstidan irkveva, efrems eqvTimes damaxasiaTebel meTodad miaGnda. mTargmnelis mokle anderZi erTvis A 292-Si Semaval kidev erT Txzulebas: esaa grigolis homilia `evnomianosTa mimarT da RmrTismetyuelTa winaganbWoba~ (Or.27), romelic adre grigol oSkels uTargmnia somxuridan, xolo efrems ki berZnulidan gadmouRia, `rameTu somexisa Svilsa, berZnisada SvilisSvilsaRa, nuukue da ara ueWuelsa, TKT ueWK da sakuTari Svili arGia~ (A292, 314r). rogorc vxedavT, grigol nazianzelis homiliaTa Targmanebze darTuli efrem mciris kolofonebi sakmaod srul warmodgenas gviqmnian grigolis homiliaTa qarTulad gadmoRebis istoriis gasaTvaliswieblad. ioane damaskelis `wyaro codnisas~ Targmanze darTuli winasityvaoba da anderZi. ioane damaskelis "Πηγή γνèσεως" anu "wyaro codnisa" sami nawilisagan Semdgari Zeglia. misi pirveli nawili warmoadgens e. w. "dialeqtikas" (Κεφ£λαια φιλοσοφικ£), meore nawils ewodeba "wvalebaTaTKs" (Περˆ αἰρέσεων), xolo mesame nawilia "gardamocema ucilobeli marTlmadidebelisa sarwmunoebisaY" (῍Εκδοσις ¢κριβ¾ς τÁς ÑρθωδÒξου πίστεωος). `wyaros codnisas" pirveli nawili, anu `dialeqtika" warmoadgens Txzulebis ZiriTadi nawilisaTvis ("gardamocema") filosofiur Sesavals, II nawili (`wvalebaTaTKs~), sadac sxvadasxva mwvaleblobaTa warmoSobis istoriaa moTxrobili _ istoriul Sesavals, xolo mesame, ZiriTad nawilSi, romelsac `gardamocema~ ewodeba, damaskeli WeSmariti moZRvrebis ZiriTad dogmebs gadmogvcems. qarTul enaze ioane damaskelis `wyaro codnisas~ ori nawilia Targmnili: `dialeqtika~ da `gardamocema~. misi Sua nawili _ `wvalebaTaTKs~ qarTul enaze ar uTargmniaT. ioane - 129 - damaskelis `dialeqtika~ ori TargmaniT (efrem mcirisa da arsen iyalToelisa), xolo `gardamocema~ ki sami TargmaniT (eqvTime aTonelis, efrem mciris da arsen iyalToelis) aris cnobili. `dialeqtikis~ da `gardamocemis~ efrem mciriseuli Targmanebi sami xelnaweriTaa Gvenamde moRweuli (A24, 1r137v; A406,1r-49v; S 1358,13r-38v). maTgan yvelaze srulia XII saukuneSi efrem mciris avtografidan gadanusxuli A 24 xelnaweri, romelSic ioane damaskelis Txzulebis teqsts wamZRvarebuli aqvs mTargmnelis vrceli anderZ-winasityvaoba (1r-4r), xolo boloSi erTvis mokle anderZi (A24, 138r). efrem mciris winasityvaoba Semonaxulia damaskelis Txzulebis efremiseuli Targmanebis Semcvel A406 (2r-7v) da S 1358 (8r-11r) xelnawerebSic, romlebic XVII-XVIII saukuneebis krebulebia. amaTgan pirvelSi mxolod `dialeqtikis~ Targmani gvaqvs (10r-49v), xolo meoreSi mxolod `gardamocemisa~ (13r-38v). rac Seexeba `boloYsa anderZs~, is mxolod uZveles A 24 xelnawerSi SemogvrGa. `wyaro codnisas~ Sesavalic da anderZic ramdenjermea gamoqveynebuli. maTi pirveli publikacia T. Jordanias ekuTvnis (Jordania, 1892, 215-219). efremis winasityvaoba daibeWda 1902 wels gamosul e. TayaiSvilis Sedgenil werakiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi (TayaiSvili, 1902, 710-717); 1926 wels s. gorgaZem dabeWda efremis Sesavali zandukiTurT da ioane damaskelis epistole kozma maiumelisadmi (gorgaZe, 1926, 182-192); 1975 wels efremis winasityvaoba da anderZi gamoqveynda A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I tomSi (A I,1). xolo 1976 wels efremis anderZebis teqsti zandukiTurT daibeWda m. rafavas mier gamocemul ioane damaskelis `dialeqtikis~ qarTuli Targmanebis teqstTan erTad (damaskeli, 1976, 6670). efrem mciris winasityvaoba, romelsac xelnawerSi aseTi saTauri aqvs: `zanduki da Sesavali wignisa amis, romelsa ewodebis gardamocemaY, Tqumuli wmidisa mamisa Guenisa ioane damaskelisa~, oTxi nawilisagan Semdgar `mozraxulad~ warmogvidgeba. a)zanduki "safilosofoso Tavebisa" anu "dialeqtikisa" (A24, 1r); b)Sesavali "dialeqtikisaTvis" ("ese ergasisni Tavni ricxuedni...), romelsac A 24 xelnaweris 1r-v - 130 - uWiravs; g)zanduki "gardamocemisa", anu "saeklesio Tavebisa" (1v-2v) da d)Sesavali "gardamocemisa" (aha, esera, gqonan asni Tavni saeklesioni...), romelic xelnaweris 2v-4r gverdebze gvaqvs. aRsaniSnavia, rom zandukebi, anu TavTa saZiebeli, `dialeqtikis~ da `gardamocemis~ teqstebs berZnul xelnawerebSi wina aqvT darTuli, rasac mosdevs ioane damaskelis epistole kozma maiumelisadmi, romelic erTgvari winasityvaobaa mTeli trilogiisaTvis. masSi gamoTqmulia avtoris mosazrebebi nawarmoebis struqturis, mizandasaxulobisa da Sedgenis principebis Sesaxeb. ioane damaskelis am TxzulebaTa arseni iyalToeliseul TargmanSic teqsts zanduki da maiumis episkoposisadmi miwerili epistole iwyebs (damaskeli, 1976, 64-75), xolo efrem mciris TargmanSi `dialeqtikis~ da `gardamocemis~ zandukebs Soris GarTulia mTargmnelis `mozraxuli~ safilosofoso Tavebis qarTulad Targmnis Sesaxeb, xolo `gardamocemis~ TavTa saZieblis Semdeg vrceli msjeloba `saeklesio Tavebis~ qarTulad gadmoRebis Taobaze. efremis es mozraxuli struqturulad, marTalia, oTxi nawilisagan Sedgeba, magram Sinaarsoblivad es erTi mTliani Zeglia da funqciurad warmoadgens mTargmnelis winasityvaobas, sadac mravali mniSvnelovani istoriul-literaturuli xasiaTis cnobaa mocemuli. upirveles yovlisa, efrem mcire ganmartavs "dialeqtikis", rogorc filosofiuri Sromis mniSvnelobas, exeba filosofiisa da Teologiis urTierTobis problemas, "safilosofoso swavlulebaTa" gamoyenebis sakiTxs. efremi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom mis mier Sesrulebuli Targmani "dialeqtikisa" aris qarTul enaze Targmnili pirveli filosofiuri xasiaTis wigni: "sxuaY araraY odes Targmnila safilosofosoTa wignTaganio" (1v). marTalia, Zneli iyo misi qarTulad gadmoReba, magram aucilebelic, radgan imdenad didia am wignisagan miRebuli sibrZne da `gulisPmisyofaY~, rom zogierTma SeiZleba amis gamo `uPmaradac~ miiGnios. magram efrems sjera, rom `ukueTu oden mouwyinebelad vrekdeT zedaYszeda kiTxviTa, ueWuelad gangueRos kari gulisPmisyofisaY~ (1v). efremi aseve darwmunebulia, rom `arca eseni (`saeklesio Tavni~) srul arian umaTod, arc igini (`safilosofoso Tavni~) uamaTod~. SesavalSi mTargmneli msjelobs amgvari wignebis dan- 131 - iSnulebis Sesaxebac: `amaT mier winaaRudgebian Svilni eklesiisani gareSeTa maT filosofosTa da maTiTave isriTa ganhguremden maT, rameTu TKnier amaT sityuaTaYsa sxuebr SeuZlebel ars sityKs-gebaY winaaRmdgomTaY~(1r). metad mniSvnelovania winasityvaobis is nawili, sadac efrem mciris mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis ZiriTadi principebis Sesaxebaa saubari. efremi msjelobs, Tu rogor unda iTargmnebodes wignebi maT ideur Tu stilistur TaviseburebaTa Sesabamisad. misi azriT, teqsts unda axldes sqolioebi `Znelovani~ adgilebis gansamartavad, oRond amgvar ganmartebaTa taqstSi GarTva dauSvebelia, isini aSiebze an SesavalSi unda moTavsdes. winasityvaobaSi efrem mcire gamoTqvams mosazrebebs wignTa kazmvis, anu metafrazirebis Sesaxeb. misi azriT, gardakazmva ar SeiZleba iseTi wignebis, romlebic `wmidaTa mier Tqumul da marTlmadidebel mamaTa aRwerilia~. `vervin ikadrebs Sexebad~ saxarebebisa, pavle mociqulis epistoleebisa da sxva amgvar wignTa. amgvari wignebis rigSi moiazrebs efremi ioane damaskelis Txzulebebsac, romlebic `ara jer-ars, raYTa sxKsa visganme Sekazmulad~ sagonebeliyos. SesavalSi efrem mcire gvaZlevs sayuradRebo literaturul cnobas `gardamocemis~ eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmanis raobis Sesaxeb, romelsac qarTulad `winamZRuari~ ewodeba. efremi afrTxilebs qarTvel mkiTxvels, rom `winamZRuari~ berZnulSi cnobilia rogorc anastasi sinelis Sroma, eqvTime aTonels ki es saxeli uwodebia ioane damaskelis `gardamocemis~ gamokrebili TargmanisaTvis. iqve efremi SeniSnavs: `xolo ese ara uwyi, Tu TKT mamasa efKmis gamoukrebia, anu berZnulad esreT upovniao~. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa winasityvaobis is nawili, romelic `wertiliTa gakueTilobas~ Seexeba, sadac efremi Tavis mier Gamoyalibebuli punqtuaciuri sistemis Sesaxeb msjelobs, romelic mas beri ioane faraknelis rGeviT SeumuSavebia da gamouyenebia ioane damaskelis `wyaro codnisas~ TargmanSi. radgan efremis mier aq mowodebuli cnobis Sesaxeb ("pirvelTa maT TargmanTa araraY eRuawaT wertiliTa gakueTisaTKs sakiTxavTaYsa") Gven samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebisagan gansxvavebuli azri - 132 - gvaqvs, SedarebiT vrclad SevexebiT efremis punqtuaciur sistemasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. cnobilia, rom Tavdapirvelad, uZveles werilobiT ZeglebSi, sasveni niSnebi ar ixmareboda, sityvebi da winadadebebi erTmaneTisagan dacilebuli ar iyo, maTi gancalkeveba TviTon mkiTxvels uxdeboda (klasovski, 1882; gardthauzeni, 1913; filamanski, 1882; gronigeni, 1955; javaxiSvili, 1949; dobiaS-raJdestvenskaia, 1936; Gerepini, 1956). "didxans, saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi, kacobriobas gankveTisa da sasveni niSnebis saWiroebaze warmodgenac ar hqonda da uamaTod werda da kiTxulobda. amitom gankveTilobisa da sasveni niSnebi SedarebiT gvian gaGnda, maTi aucileblobis Sesaxeb azric nel-nela ganmtkicda da mxolod TandaTanobiT Gamoyalibda maTi xmarebis wesrigic" (javaxiSvili, 1949, 144). sasveni niSnebis warmoSoba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli Zvel saberZneTSi gramatikis ganviTarebasTan. berZenma gramatikosebma SeimuSaves sasven niSanTa sxvadasxvagvari sistemebi, romlebic Txzulebis Sinaarsis ukeT gagebas emsaxurebodnen da amave dros sadeklamacio daniSnuleba hqondaT (gardthauzeni, 1913, 397). aleqsandrieli gramatikosebis mier berZnul xelnawerebSi gamoyenebuli niSnaTa sistemam gaaadvila manamde gabmulad Gawerili teqstebis (scriptio continua) kiTxva, SemuSavda berZnuli teqstebis kiTxvis gansazRvruli wesi. bizantiur samyarosTan mWidro kavSirma da, upirveles yovlisa, didZali literaturis Targmnam ganapiroba punqtuaciis berZnuli sistemebis gavrceleba qarTvel mwignobarTa Sorisac. qarTul xelnawerebze dakvirvebam cxadyo, rom `Zvel qarTvelebs V-X ss. SemoRebuli hqondaT garkveuli sistema gankveTilobisa da sasveni niSnebisa, romelsac wminda praqtikuli daniSnulebiT iyenebdnen: Sinaarsi marTebulad waekiTxa da gaego mkiTxvels~ (qajaia, 1963, 71). elinofilTa moRvaweobis dros ki, roca qarTvelma mwignobrebma qarTuli xelnawerebis `berZnulsa wessa zeda gamarTva~ daiwyes, berZnuli punqtuaciuri da prosodiuli niSnebis SemoRebac scades. swored berZnuli sistemis mixedviT SeumuSavebia Tavisi "wertiliTa gakueTilobis" sistema efrem mciresac, romelic "gardamocemis" winasityvaobaSi amasTan dakavSire- 133 - biT SeniSnavs: "rameTu vidreRa-igi jereT Guen Tana iyo netari igi da yovlad rGeuli moRvaweTa Soris beri ioane farakneli, romelmac mowled gamoikiTxa Gemgan da mibrZana amaT pirTaTKs, vinaYTgan pirvelTa maT TargmanTa araraY eRuawa wertiliTa gakueTisaTKs sakiTxaKTaYsa, amisTKsca zepiriT uPmda gakueTaY yovelTa saxelovanTa mkiTxvelTa. xolo berZnulad ara esreT ars, aramed esoden misandobel ars wignebi maTi marTlad gakueTilobisaTKs, viTar Gueni sagalobelni, raodeni didisa mis mnaTobisa giorgi mTawmindelisagan Targmnil ars" (A24,4r; damaskeli, 1976, 69). efremis zemoT moyvanili sityvebi ase unda gavigoT: pirvel qarTvel mTargmnelebs ar uzruniaT sakiTxavebSi sagangebo werilobiTi niSnebis (`wertilebis~) gamoyenebaze, amitomac amgvari niSnebis uqonlobis gamo mkiTxvelebs TviTon uxdebodaT intonaciis mowesrigebao, maSin, rodesac berZnuli wignebi am mxriv `friad misandoni arian~, iseve, rogorc giorgi mTawmindelis Targmnili sagaloblebi. efremis gancxadeba, manamde `wertiliTa gakueTisaTKs ara eRuawaT~ qarTvelebso, gagebul iqna ise, TiTqos efremi uaryofdes saerTod yovelgvari punqtuaciis arsebobas adrindel TargmanebSi da kvleva-Zieba warimarTa im mimarTulebiT, rom gamovleniliyo sasveni niSnebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi V-X saukunis xelnawerebSi da amiT uareyoT efrem mciris kolofonSi dadasturebuli cnoba, rom mis mier sasveni niSnebis SemoRebamde qarTvelebs `araraY eRuawaT wertiliTa gakueTisaTKs~. `qarTul xelnawerTa Seswavla iZleva saSualebas uarvyoT efrem mciris debuleba, TiTqos mis mier sasveni niSnebis SemoRebamde qarTvelebs `araraY eRuawaT wertiliTa gakueTilobisTKs~, _ SeniSnavs l. qajaia (qajaia, 1963, 81). misive dakvirvebiT, `efrem mcire ar aris pirveli, romelmac SemoiRo qarTulSi sasveni niSnebis xmareba. sasveni niSnebi V saukunidan moyolebuli ixmareboda efremamde da efremis drosac~ (iqve). magram, vfiqrobT, Tavis mxriv es faqti ar gamodgeba imis sabuTad, rom efremis mier `gardamocemis~ SesavalSi mowodebuli cnoba eWvqveS davayenoT. Sesavlis im nawilSi, sadac mis mier SemuSavebul niSanTa xmarebis wesebs gvacnobs, efremi wers: `amisTKsca me, Zalisaebr Gemisa, ara ugulebels miqmies, aramed yovelive Gem mier Targmnili wigni erTwertilad da equswertilad - 134 - gamikueTia. erTwertili ukue mcired sasvenad, orwertili _ gasakueTelad sityKsa da samwertili didad sasuenad da equswertili _ sruliad dasaboloeblad da axlad dasawyebelad sityKsa. ars odesme iSKT, romel ara dasaboloebelad zis equswertili, aramed Pmisa saqcevelad oden, romeliese metafrasTa Sina ufro ipoebis, raJams mowame msajulisa mimarT metyvelebdes da myis RmrTisa mimarT cvalos metyvelebaY, eseviTarsa mas adgilsa equswertili uzis, ara raYTa daaboloos, aramed raYTamca PmaY iqcios mkiTxvelman... ~ (A24, 4r). am msjelobis mixedviT, efrem mciris punqtuaciuri sistema Seicavs sami saxis niSnebs: a)erTwertili, samwertili, equswertili _ sasveni niSnebia: erTwertili "mcired sasuenad" ixmareba, samwertili _ "didad sasuenad" da equswertili -" sruliad dasaboloeblad", b)orwertili _ gankueTilobis niSania ("ori wertili gasakueTelad sityKsa"), g)eqvswertili sasven niSanTan erTad sadeklamacio, anu intonaciis sacvlel niSansac warmoadgens ("Pmisa saqcevelad uzis equswertili"). efremis mier SemoRebul punqtuaciur sistemaSi axalia is, rom man erTmaneTisagan gamijna weriTi da zepiri metyveleba, punqtuacia da intonacia. marTalia, maTi funqciebi analogiuria, _ isini azris naTlad gadmocemas da Sinaarsis ukeT gagebas emsaxurebian. rasac weriT metyvelebaSi akeTebs punqtuacia, imas zepir metyvelebaSi asrulebs intonacia; pirveli amas axerxebs sasveni niSnebiT intervalebSi, xolo meore _ intonaciiT pauzebSi. amitomac xSirad iq, sadac werilobiT teqstSi sasveni niSani gvaqvs, zepir metyvelebaSi pauzaa; magram naweris sasven niSans naTqvamis intonacia adgilis mixedviT yovelTvis ar emTxveva. nawerSi SeiZleba iyos sasveni niSani, xolo zepir metyvelebaSi ar iyos pauza, an piriqiT. amitomac weriTi kulturis ganviTarebis garkveul etapze sasveni da gankveTilobis niSnebis gverdiT, romlebic Gveulebriv logikur da gramatikul monakveTebs gamoyofen TxrobaSi, saWiro xdeba specialuri sanotacio niSnebis SemoReba, romlebic zepiri metyvelebisas, teqstis sajarod wakiTxvisas, mkiTxvelis intonacias moawesrigebs da sasven niSnebTan erTad xels Seuwyobs Sinaarsis ukeT gadmocemas. es niSnebi umTavresad gamometyvelebiT kiTxvas emsaxurebian da ZiriTadad teqstis xmamaR- 135 - la wamkiTxvelisTvisaa daniSnuli, romelic aris Suamavali Txzulebis avtorsa da mis aRmqmnels, msmenels Soris. pirobiTi niSnebi, romelTa damkvidrebas efremi berZnulis gavleniT qarTulSic Seecada, zogjer erTdroulad arian sasveni niSnebic (da amdenad weriTi metyvelebis mosawesrigeblad gamiznuli) da sadeklamacio niSnebic (amdenad zepiri metyvelebisTvis, teqstis sajarod wamkiTxvelisTvis gankuTvnili). isini Gveulebriv sasven niSnebTan erTad swored sadeklamacio, sanotaco anu efremis TqmiT, "Pmis saqcevel" niSnebsac warmoadgenen da weriTi metyvelebis paralelurad zepiri metyvelebis mowesrigebasac uzrunvelyofen. efremis mier SemoRebul zogierT niSans ki (mag. eqvswertils) zogjer mxolod es ukanaskneli funqcia akisria ("Pmis saqcevelad oden uzis equswertili"). amgvari gagebiT "wertiliTa gakueTilobis" niSanTa sistemis SemoReba, roca "mcired sasuenad" da "didad sasunad" miGneuli erTwertili da samwertili aramarto sasveni niSnebia, aramed sametyvelo partituris pirobiTi niSnebicaa, vinaidan isini punqtuaciuri Sesvenebis garda intonaciur pauzasac gulisxmoben (kandelaki, 1926, 144). marTlac efremis damsaxurebaa da adrindel mTargmnelebs amisTvis marTlac "araraY eRuawaT", Tvinier giorgi mTawmidlisa, romlis mier Targmnil sagalobelTa krebulebs nimuSad asaxelebs efremi (ingoroyva, 1954, 591). xolo rac Seexeba sasven da gankveTilobis niSnebs, isini manamdec uxmariaT qarTvel mwignobrebs da amis Sesaxeb SeuZlebelia ar icodes efremma. ase rom, efremis cnoba "pirvelTa maT TargmanTa araraY eRuawa wertiliTa gakueTisaTKs sakiTxaTvaYsa", sworia, Tuki aq vigulisxmebT sasven niSanTa sadeklamacio, saintonacio (xmis saqceveli) funqciiTac gamoyenebas. efrems ar aviwydeba aRniSnos isic, rom is mxolod "sakiTxavebze" e. i. prozaul teqstebze saubrobs, xolo rac Seexeba himnografias, iq am saqmis mogvareba, misive cnobiT, giorgi mTawmidels utvirTavs. raxan berZnuli wignebi friad misandoni arian am mxriv, xolo qarTulad gadmoRebul sakiTxavebSi yvelaferi berZnulis darad unda iyos, amitom efrems gadauwyvetia am xarvezis amovseba da Seuqmnia kidec punqtuaciis Tavisi sistema, romelic gavrcelda Savi mTis samwerlobo keraSi. l. qajaia asaxelebs - 136 - am skolidan gamosul rva xelnawers (S 1276, Q 24, S 384, A 1053, H 1758, A 1544 da S 1463; qajaia, 1963, 81), romlebSic efremis mier SemoRebuli punqtuaciuri sistemaa gatarebuli. Gveni dakvirvebiT, efremiseuli punqtuaciis wesebi daculi unda iyos grigol nazianzelis Txzulebebis efremiseuli Targmanebis Semcvel ierusalimur xelnawerebSic: Jer.13, Jer. 15 da Jer.43-Si. m. SaniZe miuTiTebs erT aTonur xelnawersac (Ath. 6), sadac 1 werTiliTa gakueTilobis~ efremiseuli sistema Gans gatarebuli (SaniZe, 1990, 27-32). efremis miervea Seqmnili punqtuaciasTan da teqstis sworad wakiTxvis teqnikasTan dakavSirebuli mTeli rigi terminebisa, romelTa udides nawils mis naTargmn Txzulebebze darTul `SeiswaveebSi~ vxvdebiT (`srulwertili~, `igurdivmoqcevi~, `didmoqcevi~, `wurilmoqcevi~, `sKnemba~ da sxv. (amis Sesaxeb ix. TvalTvaZe, 1995, a). sagulisxmoa, rom amgvar SeniSvnaTa didi nawili gankuTvnilia teqstis sajarod wamkiTxvelisaTvis. efremis SemoRebuli niSnebi sadeklamacio (`Pmis saqceveli~) niSnebia, romlebic teqstis xmamaRla wamkiTxvels mianiSneben, Tu sadaa saWiro intonaciis Secvla, sad aris `kiTxvis saxed~ wasakiTxi winadadeba da sad `dajerebiT~, sad aris saWiro `basroba~ anu gakicxvis, dacinvis gamJRavneba intonaciaSi da sad `Pmis msubuqad warvleba~. amrigad, `gardamocemis~ SesavalSi efremis mier Gamoyalibebuli `wertiliTa gakueTilobis~ sistema axalia imdenad, ramdenadac efremis punqtuaciur sistemaSi sasveni niSnebi ara marto logikurad da gramatikulad gamoyofen winadadebis komponentebs (sityvebs, rTuli winadadebebis Semadgenel winadadebebs, vrcel periodebs), aramed teqstis xmamaRla kiTxvisas xmis qcevasac aregulireben. amgvari `wertiliTa gakueTilobis~ sistema ki qarTul xelnawerebSi efremamde marTlac ar gvxvdeba. efremis Rrma rwmeniT, `ufroYs yovlisa sarwmunoebisa da RmrTismetyuelebisaTKs TqumulTa wignTa Sina saPmar ars krZalvaY mkiTxvelisagan da mwerlisa da msmenelisa~ (A 24, 4r) da amitomac aucilebelia `wertilis SekrZalva~ da amiT sagangebod miniSneba, Tu `sada uPms Pmisa cvalebaY~ da sad `sitKsa gakueTaY~. rasakvirvelia, efremis mier SemuSavebul punqtuaciur - 137 - sistemas da punqtuaciasTan dakavSirebul terminologias didi mniSvneloba aqvs qarTuli enaTmecnieruli azris gasaTvaliswineblad. mniSvnelovania ukve is faqtic, rom XI saukuneSi GvenSi yofila cda mogvarebuliyo mwerlis, mkiTxvelisa da msmenelis urTierToba sasveni da sadeklamacio niSanTa sistemis SemoRebiT. `gardamocemis~ Sesavlis bolos efremi Gveulebisamebr asaxelebs Tavis moZRvrebs da Targmnisas xelSemwyob pirebs: ber sabas (Tuxarels), `romeli iyo Semdgomad RmrTisa mizezi da momcemeli Gemda TargmanobisaY~ da mRvdel gabriels, `romlisa brZanebiTa da locviTa mosca RmerTman wminda ese wigni yovelsa naTesavsa Guensa~ da locvas da uricxv codvaTa mitevebas iTxovs mkiTxvelisagan. rogorc aRvniSneT, `gardamocemas~ boloSi erTvis mTargmnelis mokle anderZi, romelSic winasityvaobaSi wignis Targmnis mbrZaneblad dasaxelebuli gabriel mRvdlis saxeli kidev erTxel ixsenieba:”locva yavT, qristesmoyuareno, gabrielisaTKs, romlisa brZanebiTa iTargmna wmidaY ese wigni”(A24, 138r). imave anderZSi dasaxelebuli arian `ganmaZlierebelni, mzrdelni da msaxurni~ efremisa: arseni iyalToeli, iovane da iovane xucesni da stefane diakvani, romelTa locviT srulyo RmerTman efremis Targmani. efremis am mokle anderZis cnoba miT ufro sainteresoa, rom mTargmneli aq Tavis TanamdgomTa Soris asaxelebs arseni iyalToelsac, romelmac Semdeg meored Targmna damaskelis `dialeqtikac~ da `gardamocemac~. am faqtis asaxsnelad samecniero literaturaSi ramdenime mosazrebaa gamoTqmuli (kekeliZe, 1980, 277; nucubiZe, 1958, 150-152; rafava, 1976, 16-47). Gven m. rafavas mier arsenisa da efremis Targmanebis erTmaneTTan Sedarebisa da maTi berZul dednebTan mimarTebiT Seswavlis Sedegad gakeTebul daskvnas viziarebT, romlis Tanaxmadac efremis Targmanisagan redaqciulad gansxvavebuli berZnuli dednebis arseboba da gansxvavebuli mTargmnelobiTi meTodi aris is ZiriTadi mizezebi, romelTac Seapirobes ioane damasklis `wyaro codnisas~ xelmeored Targmna arseni iyalToelis mier. - 138 - T a v i III efrem mcire da bizantiuri filologiis zogierTi sakiTxi qarTul-bizantiuri literaturuli urTierTobebis mravalsaukunovan istoriaSi gansakuTrebiT gamoiyofa XI-XII saukuneebis periodi, rodesac es urTierToba kulminacias aRwevs. rogorc k. kekeliZe SeniSnavda Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis II periodis daxasiaTebisas, `vinaidan bizantinizmi am dros saqristiano qveynebSi yvelgan Tavisebur `modad~ iyo gadaqceuli da kulturosnobis maGveneblad, qarTvelTa gaRviZebuli erovnuli TviTSegneba Txoulobda, rac SeiZleba daaxloebodnen isini bizantiur kulturasa da mwerlobas~ (kekeliZe, 1980, 62). magram misive dakvirvebiT, es procesi calmxrivi ar yofila: `qarTul mwerlobasac bevri sayuradRebo miucia bizantiuri mwerlobisaTvis da Tavisi wvlili Seutania am mwerlobis istoriaSi~ (iqve). k. kekeliZe gansakuTrebiT gamoyofs ramdenime aspeqts: `1) qarTul enaze Senaxula iseTi Txzulebebi bizantiuri mwerlobisa, romelTa berZnuli dednebi dakargulia, maTi aRdgena mxolod qarTuli TargmanebiTaa SesaZlebeli; 2) qarTul mwerlobaSi Semonaxula iseTi cnobebi bizantiel mweralTa Sesaxeb, romelnic avseben da sul axal aspeqtSi aSuqeben am mwerlebis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebas; 3) qarTul mwerlobas Semounaxavs cnobebi bizantiuri mwerlobis istoriaSi sruliad ucnobi mwerlebis Sesaxeb; 4) zogierTi nawarmoebi bizantiuri literaturisa qarTul mwerlobaSi gadmosula iseTi variantebiT, romelnic sxva azrsa da mniSvnelobas aZleven am nawarmoebT; 5) qarTvelebma SesZines bizantiur literaturas qarTulidan gadmoTargmnili ara erTi Txzuleba, magaliTad, `balavari, abukura da sxuani mravalni”; 6) qarTvelebs berZnul enaze uweriaT originaluri Txzulebebic, magaliTad, eqvTime aTonels dauweria berZnulad `wesi martodmyofis cxovrebisaY~ (kekeliZe, 1980, 62-63). k. kekeliZis mier aq Gamoyalibebuli debuleba, SemdgomSi ara erTi mecnieruli gamokvleviT dasabuTebuli, dRes sayovelTaod gaziarebulia da aRiarebuli. qarTul xelnawerebSi aRmoGenilia mravali iseTi Txzuleba, romlis - 139 - berZnuli dedani ar mogvepoveba (ix. amis Sesaxeb xinTibiZe, 1969, 132, 1982, 53-55); bizantiuri saeklesio mwerlobis calkeul ZeglTa qarTuli Targmanebi berZnulad cnobili dednebisagan mniSvnelovnad sxvaoben da am TxzulebaTa sxva redaqciebis arsebobas avaraudebineben mkvlevrebs (iqve, gv. 56, 141-166); sagangebodaa Seswavlili qarTvelebis wvlili bizantiur literaturaSi originaluri berZnulenovani Txzulebebis SeqmniT, Tu qarTulidan berZnulad Targmnis saxiT Setanili (xinTibiZe, 1969, 7-23). gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania bizantinistikisaTvis Zveli qarTuli mwerloba im TvalsazrisiT, rom masSi Senaxulia Zalze saintereso da mniSvnelovani cnobebi bizantiel avtorebze. rogorc SeniSnaven, `am kuTxiT qarTuli literatura naklebad aris Seswavlili. yoveli calkeuli dakvirveba, romelic am mimarTulebiT mouxdeniaT qarTul mwerlobaze, mdidar masalas iZleva~ (xinTibiZe, 1982, 56). uaRresad mdidari da saintereso masalis Semcveli aRmoGnda am mxriv efrem mciris `mozraxuli~ anderZebi da sqolio-komentarebi, romlebSic, garda calkeuli bizantieli avtorebis Sesaxeb mowodebuli cnobebisa, berZnuli qristianuli literaturis ara erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxis Sesaxeb vxvdebiT msjelobas. kerZod, aq saubaria efremis mier saTargmnelad arGeul berZnul dednebze, maT sxvadasxva redaqciebsa da urTierTmimarTebaze, calkeul TxzulebaTa Seqmnis istoriaze, berZnul leqsikonebsa da wignTsacavebze, berZnuli xelnaweri wignebis Sedgenilobasa da gaformebaze da sxv. radgan efremis `mozraxulSi~ daculi cnobebi xSir SemTxvevaSi Zalze mniSvnelovania, zogjer ki gadamwyvetic bizantiuri mwerlobis ara erTi sakiTxis Sesaswavlad, saWirod vcaniT anderZebsa da `SeiswaveebSi~ `alag-alag mimoganbneuli~ es cnobebi `marTlgagvewyo~ da Tematurad dagvejgufebina. cnobebi pavles epistoleTa komentarebis berZnuli dednebisa da pirveli egzegetikuri katenebis Sesaxeb. pavle mociqulis 14 epistole axali aRTqmis kanonis erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawilia da bunebrivia, rom egzegetTa yuradRebis centrSi adreve aRmoGndeboda. berZnul enaze gvaqvs pavles epistoleTa ramdenime Targmaneba, Sedgenili sxvadasxva dros sx- 140 - vadasxva avtoris mier. maT Soris gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia adreuli sruli Targmanebebi ioane oqropirisa (+407w. P.G.t. 60-63), Teodosi antioqelisa, mofsuestielisa (IV-Vs.; P.G. 66) da Teodorite kvirelisa (+458w., P.G. 82). mogvianebiT pavles ToTxmetive epistoles ganmarteba mogvces ioane damaskelma (+749w. P.G. 95), ekumeniosma (+995w., P.G. 118-119), Teofilaqte bulgarelma (+1070w., P.G. 124-125) da eqvTime zogabenma (XII s., P.G. 128-129). garda amisa, pavle mociqulis calkeuli epistole Tu misi esa Tu is muxli ganumartavT eklesiis mamebs: basili dids, grigol RvTismetyvels, grigol nosels, agreTve, origenes, meTodis, aTanasi aleqsandriels, kirile aleqsandriels, genadi konstantinepolels, germanes, fotis. magram ioane oqropiris Targmaneba, romelic `ioane oqropiris cxovrebaSi~ daculi cnobis Tanaxmad mas TviT pavle mociqulis karnaxiT dauweria (`ioane oqrop. cxovr. ~, 1986, 51-56), imTaviTve miGneul iqna yvelaze swor da mociqulis `sityvis Zalis~ zustad ganmacxadebel ganmartebad. amitom Semdgomi drois egzegetebic TavianTi komentarebis Sedgenisas xSirad oqropirs ubrundebodnen. gansakuTrebiT iyvnen davalebuli am vrceli egzegetikuri TxzulebiT katenuri krebulebis Semdgenlebi, romlebic `mamaTa Sedgomilebis principis~ erTgul mimdevrebad gvevlinebian da saRmrTo werils `sxuebr~ ara Targmnian `TKnier viTar-igi mnaTobTa eklesiisaTa da moZRuarTa aRwerilTa TKsTa gardamosces~ (kekeliZe, et., XI, 181). ioane oqropiris "pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis" safuZvelze Seudgenia Tavisi egzegetikuri Sroma V saukunis aleqsandriel mTavarepiskoposs kirilesac. kiriles es Sroma berZnulad dRes fragmentebis saxiTaa moRweuli, SemorGenilia pavles hromaelTa mimarT, korinTelTa mimarT I da II da ebraelTa mimarT epistoleebis ganmartebaTa fragmentebi (P.G. 74, col. 774-1007), magram am fragmentebis mixedviT Znelia rogorc am Txzulebis pirvandeli saxis aRdgena, ise TviT kiriles mier gaweuli muSaobis kvalificireba. am sakiTxis garkveva ki miT ufro mniSvnelovania, rom kirile aleqsandrielis mier Sedgenili `pavles Targmaneba~ Tavisi simoklisa anu `sityKs Zalis mokled gancxadebis~ (efrem mcire) da amave dros misi Semdgeneli redaqtoris - 141 - didi avtoritetis gamo farTod gavrcelebula rogorc saberZneTSi, ise sxva qristianul qveynebSi, rasac mowmobs misi mraval sxva enaze Targmna (SemorGenilia am Txzulebis laTinuri, siriuli da somxuri Targmanebis fragmentebi). qarTul enaze arsebuli pavles epistoleTa komentarebis dedanic, misi mTargmnelis _ efrem mciris _ cnobiT, kiriles es Sroma yofila da ara vrceli Targmaneba ioane oqropirisa (TvalTvaZe, 1988, a, 1995, b). magram, rogorc aRvniSneT, arc berZnuli, arc sxvaenovani fragmentebi sruli saxiT ver warmoaGenen, Tu ra muSaoba gawia kirilem, es misi originaluri Sromaa Tu mociqulis sityvis komentirebisas mTlianad oqropirs eyrdnoba. gaurkveveli rGeba isic, isargebla Tu ara man oqropiris garda sxva mamaTa naazreviT da sxv. kiriles mier gaweuli muSaobis srulyofil daxasiaTebas, misi Sromis Sefasebas da saerTod berZnul enaze pavles epistoleTa komentarebis sxvadasxva redaqciebis arsebobisa da maTi urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb metad sayuradRebo cnobebs gvawvdis efrem mcire anderZSi, romelic mas pavles epistoleTa ganmartebebis sakuTari TargmanisTvis daurTavs da romelic Gvenamde mxolod erT aTonur xelnawers (N18) Semounaxavs. am anderZisa da aTonuri koleqciis N18 xelnaweris Sesaxeb Gven zemoT ukve gvqonda saubari, aq dawvrilebiT mxolod im cnobebs ganvixilavT, romlebic pavles komentarebis berZnul dednebs Seexeba da metad mniSvnelovania ara marto am konkretuli egzegetikuri Txzulebis Seqmnis istoriis gasaTvaliswineblad, aramed saerTod bizantiuri qristianuli egzegetikis istoriisTvisac. anderZSi efrem mcire, upirveles yovlisa, saTargmnelad arGeul berZnul Txzulebaze msjelobs da xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom `pavles Targmanebis~ avtori ioane oqropiria, magram iqve SeniSnavs, rom misi vrceli egzegetikuri Sroma Seumoklebia da sxva avtorebis komentarebiTac Seuvsia kirile aleqsandriels da moucia `didTa TargmanTagan gamokrebili TargmanebaY pavlesi~ (Ath.18, 235; TvalTvaZe, 1988, 221; koWlamazaSvili, 2003, 00-302). ras eyrdnoba efrem mcire am cnobis mowodebisas? upirveles yovlisa, TviTon kirile aleqsandrielis - 142 - epistoles, romelsac imowmebs kidec anderZSi: `TaviT kerZoY igi epistole amas cxad hyofs, viTarmed visme moswrafesa eTxova didisa kKrilesgan, raYTa pativTa zeda samociquloYsa wignisaTa waruweros Semoklebuli Zali sityKsaY" (Ath.18, 235). kirile aleqsandriels es epistole, romelic Ath.18 xelnawerSi efremis am anderZs mosdevs (gv. 238-242), miuweria `sxKsa visme episkoposis mimarT~, romelic samociqulos mokle Targmanebis damkveTi Gans. epistoleSi kirile saubrobs, Tu ra muSaoba gawia man, miuTiTebs wyaroebze, romelic gamoiyena am wignis Sedgenisas da mkiTxvels pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis gacnobamde TviT mociqulis cxovrebis ZiriTad momentebs Seaxsenebs: `pirvel ukue jerviGine mcired wmidisa mociqulisa pavlesTKs Tqumad~ (Ath.18, 238). kirile aleqsandrielis es epistole, miuxedavad konkretuli adresatis arsebobisa, Tavisi daniSnulebiT Sesavali werilia, romelic albaT win uZRoda berZnul dedanSi kiriles xelidan gamosul egzegetikur Sromas. efrem mciris anderZis cnobiTac, es epistole "Tavsa weril iyo". "amas viTarebasa viswavebT epistolisa misgan didisa kKrile aleqsandrielisa, romeli iZie da hpovo Tavsa wignisa amis pavles Targmnad garemowerilisa" (Ath.18, gv. 236); "TaviT kerZoY igi epistole amas cxad hyofso, " _ xazgasmiT aRniSnavs efremi. marTalia, Ath.18 xelnawerSi es epistole boloSia da efremis anderZs mosdevs, magram es Tavdapirvel suraTs sworad ar unda asaxavdes, rasac gvafiqrebinebs meore aTonuri xelnaweris (Ath.39, XI s.) Gvenebac, sadac kiriles epistole iwyebs pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis teqsts (am xelnawerisa da masSi daculi teqstis mTargmnelis vinaobis Sesaxeb qvemoT sagangebod gveqneba msjeloba). vfiqrobT, rogorc yovelTvis, efremi aqac swor informacias gvawvdis: epistole kirile aleqsandrielisa, marTlac `TaviT kerZo weril iyo~. efremis anderZis cnobiT, kirile am epistoleSi `gulsmodginebasa missa (damkveTi episkoposisa) aqebs da cxadhyofs, viTarmed oqropiris TargmanTagan gamoukrebies mas mokle Zali sityKsaY da adgil-adgil sxuaTaca wmidaTaY daurTavs, sadaca upovies sakiTxavTa Sina ganmartebaY samociquloYsa sityKsaY"(Ath.18, 235). efremis am gancxadebas savsebiT Seesabameba kirile aleqsandrielis epistoles Si- 143 - naarsi. kirile epistoles ase iwyebs: `moswrafebaY da swavlismoyuarebaY siwmidisa SenisaY friad mTnda me, wmidao mamao da amisTKs morGilebiTa SeniTa Znelsa saqmesa Pelvyav da miswrafebaY friadi Soris SemoviRe, raYTamca davawese epistoleTa Tana wmidisa mociqulisa pavlesTa Targmanica maTi, raYTa advil iyos gulisPmisyofaY maTi yovelTa mier, romelni ikiTxviden moswrafebiT sityuaTa misTa. vinaYTgan ukue wmidasa mamasa Guensa ioane oqropirsa uTargmnian epistoleni ese wmidisa pavlesni da ravennime sityuani misni vpoven didisa basilis mierca kesarielisa da grigol RmrTismetyuelisa da wmidisa aTanasis mierca Targmnili, amisTKs arRara Pel-vyav yovlisave TaviT GemiT Targmanebad, aramed maT wmidaTa mier aRwerilisagan gamovkribe da romelime Gemmierca SevsZine da ganvawese sityuaTa maT Tana mis mociqulisaTa mokled Targmani maTi garemo maTsa" (Ath.18, 238239; TvalTvaZe, 1995, 359; koWlamazaSvili, 2003, 291). am epistoledan kargad Gans, Tu ra saxis samuSao Seusrulebia kiriles. mas Seudgenia katenuri Targmaneba, anu krebuli pavles epistoleTa ganmartebebisa, risTvisac ZiriTad wyarod gamouyenebia ioane oqropiris Targmaneba, amoukrebia sxvadasxva TxzulebebSi gabneuli komentarebi basili kesarielis, grigol RvTismetyvelis, aTanasi aleqsandrielisa da zogi muxli TviTonac ganumartavs. kiriles Sroma araa mxolod Semokleba ioane oqropiris vrceli Targmanebisa, is kompilaciuri xasiaTis naSromia, anu swored imgvari katenuri krebuli (berZn. σειραί), romelSic saRmrTo werilis muxlebis sxvadasxva avtorTa ganmartebebia Tavmoyrili. rogorc kiriles epistoledan da efremis anderZidan Gans, kiriles Sedgenili pavles Targmaneba egzegetikuri katenuri krebulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli wesiT yofila naweri: etratis SuagulSi moTavsebuli yofila kimeni, xolo oqropiris da "sxuaTa mamaTa", maT Soris kiriles komentarebi ki _ "pativsa zeda", anu aSiaze. gansamartavi muxli Sesabamis komentars sagangebo niSnebiT ukavSirdeboda. kiriles sityvebiT, "yovelsa sityuasa zeda damiwesebia ricxK da igive ricxK ars Targmansaca zeda, raYTa adKl iyos sapovnelad, Tu romeli Targmani romlisa sityKsaY ars"(Ath.18, 239). efremis cnobiTac, kiriles garemoweril - 144 - pavleSi `ricxKTa oden da niSniTa kideTa zeda Targmani moiRebodis~ (Ath. 18, 236). efremis anderZis mixedviT komentarebisaTvis kiriles avtorTa saxelebic miuweria, mxolod ioane oqropiris ganmartebebi, `viTarca umravlesi, zedawaruwerelad dautevebies, xolo adgil-adgil vissa sada hrTavs aTanasis, gina basilissa, grigolissa anu Tavisa TKsisa saxelsa zeda daswers"( Ath. 18, 236). aqve efremi erT sayuradRebo cnobas gvawvdis: `miwyebiT da vrclad da srulebiT aravis amaTgansa uTargmnia pavle, TKnier ioane oqropirisa, aramed sakiTxavTa Sina maTTa, sadaca upovnia samociquloY sityuaY ganmartebuli, igica zeda daurTavs oqropirisa Targmnisada~ (iqve). cnobilia, rom grigol nazianzels, basili kesariels da aTanasi aleqsandriels pavles epistoleTa sruli Targmanebebi marTlac ar mouciaT. mxolod calkeuli muxlebis ganmartebas vxvdebiT maT TxzulebebSi. kirile aleqsandriels, efremis cnobiT, swored es calkeuli muxlebis ganmartebebi amoukrebia, sadac ki upovia sakiTxavTa Sina, zedadaurTavs oqropiris komentarebisTvis da ase miuRia "garemowerili" anu "moTxviTad mowerili" Targmaneba pavles epistoleebisa. sityva "moTxviTs" saba ase ganmartavs: "moTxviTi _ oTxkuTxi"(saba, 1991, 492; ix. agreTve, abulaZe, 1973, 264; cqitiSvili, 1976, 315). amdenad "moTxviTad mowerili Targmaneba" oTxkuTxiv mowerils niSnavs, sadac "ganukueTeli samociquloY sityuaY" oTxive mxridan sxvadasxva komentatorTa ganmartebebiT aris mowerili. ioane oqropiris vrceli anu "marTlgawyobili" Targmanebisagan gansxvavebiT, romelsac efremi "pavles Targmans" uwodebs, kiriles Sromas, romelic "moTxviTad mowerili" anu "garemowerili" yofila, efremi "pavle Targmanians" eZaxis ("amisTKs mas ara pavles Targmani hqvan, aramed pavle Targmaniani"Ath.18, 236). kiriles `pavle Targmaniani~, efremis cnobiT, erT wignad yofila akinZuli. swored `erTwignoba~ miaGnia efrems mis erT-erT upiratesobad. misi azriT, mokle Targmani `Zalsa sityKsasa~ ukeT warmoaGens. efrem mcire anderZSi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom pavles komentarebis gamokrebili Targmaneba kiriles originaluri Sroma araa, is misi mxolod Semdgenel-redaqtoria: `vinaYca - 145 - aw berZulisagan gKswavies, ara kKriles Targmnili ars garemowerili Targmani pavles sityKsaY, aramed viTarca ityKs dasabamsa, oqropirisa TargmnilTagan wignTa Semoukrebies mokle Zali TiTeulisa sityKsaY". efremi gvaZlevs kiriles mier gaweuli muSaobis amomwurav daxasiaTebas. misi cnobiT, kiriles ara marto sxva wminda mamebis sakiTxavebSi gabneuli pavles epistoleTa TiToorola muxlis ganmarteba miuZebnia da mouTavsebia Tavis wignSi, aramed TviT ioane oqropiris sxva TxzulebebSic upovia zogierTi muxlis komentari da sadac ki "ipoebis samociquloYsa sitKsa TargmanebaY, yoveli aqa Semoukrebies da TiToferTa yuavilTagan erTad golad saukunoYsa sitkboebisa morwmuneTad dauunjebies" (Ath.18, 237). cxadia, efremis anderZSi mocemuli daxasiaTebiT, rasac eTanxmeba TviT kiriles epistolec, kiriles mier Sedgenili `garemowerili~, `moTxviTad mowerili~ Targmaneba aSkarad katenuri krebulia. saegzegetiko katenebis mamamTavrad VI saukunis mwerali prokopi Razeli iTvleba (krumbaxeri, 1897, 210-216; kekeliZe, et. XI., 1973, 81-182). efrem mciris mier mowodebuli cnobis gaTvaliswinebiT ki pirveli katenuri xasiaTis egzetikuri krebulis Semdgeneli kirile aleqsandrieli Gans, romelsac prokopimde mTeli saukuniT adre (kirile gardaicvala 444 w.) Seudgenia egzegetikuri katenebi, "pavle Targmaniani". efremis cnobiT, kiriles mier Sedgenili "pavle Targmanianis" gviandeli redaqciebic arsebobs. kiriles gardacvalebis Semdeg mis am SromaSi Semdgomi drois moRvaweTa naazrevic GaurTavT: "ars, romel Semdgomad kKriles yofilTaca wmidaTa Tqmulisaganica raodenime sityuaY daurTavs adgil-adgil vieTme brZenTa da gulisPmismyofelTa, da igica dagKweria misiT zedawarweriliTur berZulTa dedaTa Sina vina gKpovnia rGeulTa da sarwmunoTa" (Ath. 18, 237). marTlac, cnobilia, rom V saukunis Semdgomac araerT wminda mamas ganumartavs pavles calkeuli epistolebi. sakmarisia davasaxeloT Tundac VIII saukuneSi ioane damaskelis mier Sedgenili ToTxmetive epistoles Targmaneba, an X saukuneSi moRvawe Trakieli episkoposis ekumeniosis egzegetikuri Sroma. efremis cnobiT, `kiriles Semdgom yofili~ am mamebis - 146 - naazrevi Setanili yofila kiriles mier Sedgenili `moTxviTad mowerili~ pavles im berZnul xelnawerSi, romelic misTvis svimeonwmidel berZen moRvawes klimis miuwodebia dednad. mis mier qarTulad gadmoRebul `pavle Targmanianis~ teqstSi xSirad gvxvdeba ekumeniosis (resp.Kkumenis) saxeli, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom kiriles `pavle Targmanians~ bolo gadamuSaveba X saukunis Semdgom ganucdia. amrigad, efrem mciris cnobiT, berZnul enaze gvqonia ioane oqropiris egzegetikuri Txzulebidan momdinare Sroma sami redaqciiT: 1) ioane oqropiris vrceli Targmaneba, anu "pavles Targmani" (P.G. 60-63). 2)katenuri anu `garemowerili~ Targmaneba Sedgenili kirile aleqsandrielis mier, romelSic Sesula sxva wminda mamebis komentarebic, anu "pavle Targmaniani". es Txzuleba berZnulad mxolod fragmentebis saxiTaa moRweuli. fragmentebi gvaqvs somxur, siriul da laTinur enebzec. 3)gviandeli redaqcia kiriles "pavle Targmanianisa", romelSic kiriles gardacvalebis Semdgom moRvawe komentatorTa ganmartebebia Gamatebuli. berZnuli dedani am Txzulebisa saZiebelia, qarTulad ki TiTqmis sruli saxiT gvaqvs Semonaxuli efrem mciris TargmanSi. samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom efremi sazogadod "samociqulos" da kerZod "pavles epistoleTa" ganmartebebis Targmnisas ioane oqropiris komentarebiT sargeblobda. magram berZnuli da qarTuli teqstebis Sedarebisas gamovlenili mravali arsebiTi xasiaTis sxvaoba mkvlevrebs afiqrebinebs, rom efremis Targmani oqropiris Txzulebis pirdapiri gadmoReba ki araa, aramed originaluri Sromaa ioane oqropirze dayrdnobiT Sesrulebuli. k. kekeliZe aRniSnavs, rom efremis Targmnili es Txzuleba warmoadgens "efremis Sromas ioane oqropiris mixedviT dawerils" (kekeliZe, 1980, 257); i. abulaZis azriT, "efremma SerGeviT Targmna oqropiris ganmartebebi" (abulaZe, 1950, 013); k. danelia ki, romelmac sagangebod Seiswavla pavles epistoleTa komentarebis efremiseuli Targmani, miiGnevs, rom efremma icis oqropiris (ise rogorc sxva RvTismetyvelTa) komentarebi, magram ki ar Targmnis mis Txzulebebs, aramed konspeqturad gadmogvcems mis naazrevs (danelia, - 147 - 1983, 319-325). misi azriTac, es Targmaneba SeiZleba efremis originalur Sromad GaiTvalos (iqve, gv. 325). pavles epistoleTa komentarebis efremiseul Targmanze darTuli mTargmnelis anderZis aRmoGenis Semdeg, sakiTxi SeiZleba sxvagvarad daisvas. am anderZSi efremi pirdapir miuTiTebs mis mier dednad gamoyenebul Txzulebaze. mas kirile aleqsandrielis mier Sedgenili katenuri "pavle Targmanianis" gviandeli redaqciis xelnaweri hqonia dednad. efremi TviTon ki ar asrulebda kompilaciur samuSaos (krebda, akonspeqtebda, amoklebda da a. S.), aramed iseTi dedniT sargeblobda, romelSic amgvari samuSao ukve Sesrulebuli iyo, Tanac "ara litini kacis, aramed wminda kKriles mier". efremis anderZidan kargad Gans isic, rom es egzegetikuri Txzuleba efremis originaluri Sroma araa. vfiqrobT, zemoT ganxilul efremis anderZSi daculi cnobebi sakmao sabuTia imisaTvis, rom qarTul xelnawerebSi Senaxuli pavles epistoleTa komentarebis efrem mciriseuli Targmanis teqstis dednad kirile aleqsandrielis "pavle Targmanianis" gviandeli redaqcia miviGnioT. Semdgomi kvleva-Zieba, berZnuli da qarTuli teqstebis erTmaneTTan Sedarebac swored am mimarTulebiT unda warimarTos. cnobilia, rom efrem mciris mier Sesrulebuli Targmani pavles epistoleTa komentarebisa sruli saxiT arc erT xelnawerSi ara gvaqvs daculi (danelia, 1983, 315-317); moRweulia ramdenime xelnaweri, romlebic erTmaneTs avseben da agrZeleben. bolo dromde iTvleboda, rom efremiseuli Targmanis teqsti Tavbolonakluli iyo. TavSi aklda hromaelTa epistolis Targmaneba (9, 21 muxlamde), boloSi ki _ timoTes mimarT II, tites da filimonis mimarT epistoleTa komentarebi. magram, rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, am egzegetikuri Zeglis efremiseuli Targmanis nakluli nawilebi dRes mikvleulia (TvalTvaZe, 1988; koWlamazaSvili, 1995) da SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kirile aleqsandrielis mier Sedgenili pirveli egzegetikuri katenebis "pavle Targmanianis" qarTuli Targmanis teqsti sruli saxiT gvaqvs daculi Semdeg xelnawerebSi: Q 1158 (XI s), sadac Senaxulia dasawyisi `pavle Targmanianisa~, hromaelTa da korinTelTa mimarT I epistole; Jer. 9 (XI s) da A 390 (XI s), romlebic Seicaven TiTqmis erTnair teqsts, korinTelTa mimarT II epistolis - 148 - Targmanebas srulad, galatelTa, efeselTa, filipelTa, kolaselTa, I TesalonikelTa epistoleebis komentarebs. amis garda, A 390-Si daculia II TesalonikelTa srulad da ebraelTa mimarT epistoleebis Targmaneba nawilobriv (12, 15-mde); Ath.18 (XV-XVI s) Seicavs teqstebs da komentarebs ebraelTa mimarT epistolisa (6, 11-dan), timoTes mimarT I, II, tites da filimonis mimarT epistoleTa Targmanebas. am xelnawerSi komentarebis teqsts boloSi erTvis mTargmnelis _ efrem mciris _ anderZi da iambiko da kirile aleqsandrielis epistole. efremiseuli Targmanebis calkeuli fragmentebi Senaxulia S 3656, H 2141, S 1172, S 1149, S 4812 da Q 831 xelnawerebSic (koWlamazaSvili, 1995, 27, 2000, 9). garda amisa, efremis anderZze dayrdnobiT, erT aTonur xelnawerSi (Ath.39, XI s) kiriles `pavle Targmanianis~ dasawyisi nawilis (kiriles epistole, hromaelTa da korinTelTa mimarT I epistole 8, 2 muxlamde) sxva qarTul Targmansac mivakvlieT, romlis mTargmnelad eqvTime aTonels miviGnevT. `pavle Targmanianis~ orive qarTul Targmans SigadaSig aklia TiTo-orola furceli, magram cxadia, rom im saxiTac, rogoriTac mas Gvenamde mouRwevia, did daxmarebas gauwevs mkvlevrebs am Txzulebis berZnuli dednis Tavdapirveli suraTis aRdgenaSi. aseve naTelia im cnobebis mniSvneloba bizantiuri egzegetikis istoriisaTvis, romlebic efrem mciris Targmnil pavles epistoleTa komentarebze darTul kolofonSi gvaqvs. efremis mier aq mowodebuli cnobebi srulad gvixasiaTebs kirile aleqsandrielis Rvawls samociqulos wignebis ganmartebis saqmeSi. yuradRebas mivaqcevT kidev erT faqts. efremma `samociqulos Targmanebas~ zemoT ganxilul `boloYsa anderZTan~ erTad `Tavisa anderZic~ waumZRvara (Jer.16,2r-4v), romelSic am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT kidev erTi sayuradRebo cnobaa daculi: `ese saqmisa mociqulTaYsa Targmani sityua sityuad mravalTa Targmnilisagan Semokrebul ars da siPSoYsagan saxelebi TKs-TKs ara egeboda daweraY. xolo viTarca zedawarwerili cxad hyofs, umravlesi da yovelgan wmidisa ioane oqropirisa ars da adgil-adgilRa daerTvis sxuaTaca wmidaTaY mravalTagan wignTagan erTad Sekrebuli wmidisa kKriles mier~ (Jer.16,4r). efremis mier aq naxsenebi kKrile - 149 - udaod kirile aleqsandrielia, romelsac `saqme mociqulTas~ gamokrebili Targmaneba Seudgenia, ZiriTad wyarod isev ioane oqropiris vrceli Targmaneba gamouyenebia da `adgil-adgil sxuTaca wmidaTaY daurTavs~ iseve rogorc `pavle Targmanianis~ Sedgenisas. efremis sityvebis Sinaarsi naTelia: `saqme mociqulTas~ Targmanebis berZnul dednad aq isev kiriles mier Sedgenili egzegetikuli katenebia dasaxelebuli, magram am cnobas ratomRac angariSs ar uweven efremis mier `samociqulos Targmanebis~ gadmoRebisas gaweuli muSaobis Sefasebisas. k. danelia amis gamo SeniSnavs: `gamodis, rom efrems ZiriTadad usargeblia ioane oqropiris (+407) komentarebiT da alag-alag gamouyenebia kirile aleqsandrielis (+444) Sroma~ (danelia, 1982, gv. 319). efremi rom ioane oqropiris ganmartebebidan gamokrebil da sxvaTa naazreviT Sevsebul Txzulebas Targmnis da ara pirdapir ioane oqropiris vrcel Targmanebas, es wignis saTauridanac kargad Gans: `wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Guenisa ioane oqropirisa kostantinepolel mTavarepiskoposisaY ganvrcelebiTTa TargmanTagan Semokrebili TargmanebaY saqmisa mociqulTaYsa, romelsa Sina iSKT daerTvis sxuaTaca wmidaTa Targmanebulisagan mokle Zali sityKsaY”(Jer.16,4r). rogorc Gans, kiriles Seudgenia ara marto `pavle Targmaniani~, aramed `Targmaniani saqme mociqulTa~ da `Targmaniani kaTolike epistoleebic~, romlebiTac isargebla albaT efrem mcirem. kiriles saxeliT Gvenamde moRweulia ramdenime fragmenti `saqme mociqulTas~ Targmanebisa (P.G.74,col.758-774) da TiTo-orola furceli iakobis, I da II ioanes da iudas epistoleebis Targmanebidan (P.G. 74, col.10071036). sruli teqsti am egzegetikuri Sromisa berZnulad ar Gans. vfiqrobT, efremis anderZebSi daculi cnobebi myar safuZvels iZleva am kuTxiT Ziebis warsamarTavad. marTalia, efremi pavles epistoleTa TargmanebasTan SedarebiT gacilebiT Zunw cnobebs gvawvdis `samociqulos~ sxva wignebis ganmartebaTa Sedgenis istoriaze, ar asaxelebs im avtorebs, romelTa komentarebic gamoiyena kirilem katenuri krebulis Sesadgenad, arc is viciT, dednad iseve `kiriles Semdgom yofilTagan~ Sevsebuli katenebi hqonda Tu adreuli redaqcia am krebulisa, magram erTi ram cxadia, `saqme mociqulTas~ da~ kaTolike epistoleebis~ ko- 150 - mentarebis Targmnisas efremi ukve gamokrebili berZnuli dednebiT sargeblobda. vfiqrobT, efrem mciris Targmnili `samociqulos Targmanebis~ berZnul wyaroebTan Sedareba, rac momavlis saqmed gvesaxeba, ufro konkretulad gascems pasuxs mraval SekiTxvas, romelic am sakiTxis irgvliv SeiZleba wamoiWras. efremis anderZebSi daculi cnobebi ki uTuod gzamkvlevi iqneba am muSaobisas. svimeon metafrasti da metafrasuli agiografiis istoriis sakiTxebi. cnobebi svimeon metafrasisa da mis mier gardakazmuli agiografiuli sakiTxavebis Sesaxeb daculi gvaqvs efrem mciris mozraxulSi, romelsac TviTon ase uwodebs: "mosaPsenebeli mcire sKmeonisaTKs loRoTetisa da TxrobaY mizezTa amaT sakiTxavTa TargmnisaTa". efremis am Sromis Seswavlas k. kekeliZem daudo saTave, romelmac 1910 wels kievis sasuliero akademiis Sromebis krebulSi dabeWdil werils "Cuìeoí ìeòaôpacò no ãpyçuícêuì ucòo÷íuêaì~ (kekeliZe, et. V, 212-215) Tan daurTo efrem mciris `mosaPsenebeli~ rusuli TargmaniT. efremis "mosaPsenebeli" ori xelnaweriTaa Semonaxuli. esaa XIII saukunis agiografiuli krebuli A 90 da XVI saukunis K 5 nesxa, romelic quTaisis saxelmwifo muzeumSia daculi. A90 xelnawerSi, romelic sul 658 gverds Seicavs, is krebulis Sua nawilSia moqceuli da uWiravs 310-e-314-e gverdebi. (axali aRwerilobiT 159v-161v). igi mosdevs krebulSi meTormete nomrad Setanil 31 dekembris sakiTxavs `cxorebaY da moqalaqobaY Rirsisa melaniaYsi hromisaY~ (142v-159v), romlis mTargmnelad efrem mcirea miGneuli (kekeliZe, et. V, 154, 196; bregaZe, 1971, 458). K 5 xelnawerSi ki mas 576-572 gverdebi uWiravs da erTvis krebulis bolo sakiTxavs, imave `melania hromis cxovrebis~ efrem mciriseul Targmans. A90 krebulSi efremis am Sromas anderZis garegnuli saxe ara aqvs. is araa moTavsebuli arc `Sesavalad wignisa~, anu TavSi da arc `bolosa wignisasa~. ar aris is miwerili arc aSiaze, rogorc zogjer xdeba es, arc ZiriTadi teqstisagan gasarGevad wvrili nusxuriTaa gadawerili, rogorc gvaqvs zogierT xelnawerSi. Txzulebis saTauric gansxvavebulia efremis anderZebisaTvis Gveu- 151 - lebrivi saTaurisagan (`Sesavali wignisaY~, `winabWe~, `uwyebaY~, `anderZi~). erTi sityviT, garegnulad `mosaPsenebeli~ efremis mierve `mTargmnelis mozraxulad~ saxelwodebul Sromas ar hgavs, magram Tuki `mosaPseneblis~ Sinaarss da Sedgenilobas davukvirdebiT, igi mTargmnelis mier daweril iseTive komentarad warmogvidgeba, rogorc nebismieri vrceli `mozraxuli~ efremisa, romlebsac igi wignis TavSi an boloSi aTavsebda. es mozraxuli, rogorc saTauric mianiSnebs (`mosaPsenebeli mcire sKmeonisaTKs loRoTetisa da TxrobaY mizezTa amaT sakiTxavTa TargmnisaTa"), efrems metafrasuli agiografiuli Txzulebebis qarTulad Targmnis dros da amis gamo aqvs dawerili. mis pirvel nawilSi, rogorc sGvevia efrems, berZnuli dednis, am SemTxvevaSi svimeon liRoTetis mier gardakazmul sakiTxavTa krebulebis Seqmnis Sesaxeb saubrobs (gavixsenoT, efremis msgavsi msjeloba fsalmunTa Targmanebis, samociqulos Targmanebis berZnuli dednebis Seqmnis istoriaze), mkiTxvels awvdis cnobebs avtoris Sesaxeb (Sdr. cnobebi kirile aleqsandrielze, Teodorite kvirelze da sxv.), xolo Semdeg, "mosaPseneblis" meore nawilSi iwyebs saubars, Tu ra viTarebaa qarTul enaze, asaxelebs svimeonis metafrasebis pirvel qarTvel mTargmnelebs (daviT tbels, stefane sananoYsZes, eqvTime aTonels, giorgi mTawmidels) da aRniSnavs, rom am saqmisagan ara gare-miaqcia RmerTma isic, "sawyalobel da uRirsi saxisaY da saxelisaY efrem, mcire da undoY monazoni" da Rirsyo eTargmna "raodennime sakiTxavni loRoTetisa metafrasTagan". efremis am gancxadebas mosdevs Gveulebriv anderZebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli monakveTi, sadac saubaria Targmanis procesSi xelSemwyobi pirebis _ saba sulaYsZe Tuxarelis da efrem didi oSkelis Sesaxeb, romlebisTvis locvas iTxovs wignis mTargmnelni, "rame Tu friad daSurnes igini wignisa amisTKs"-o. sabasTan da efrem didTan erTad locvaSi moxseniebas da codvaTa mitevebas sTxovs STamomavlobas TviTon mTargmnelic. radgan efremis "mosaxseneblis" struqtura da Sinaarsi misi vrceli anderZebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel struqturas imeorebs, amasTanave, daniSnulebac mas iseTive aqvs, rogorc mTargmnelis mozraxul anderZebs, vfiqrobT, rom efremis "mosaxsenebelic" mTargmnelis mozraxul anderZad unda - 152 - miviGnioT da ara mis damoukidebel Sromad. rac Seexeba mis adgils xelnawerebSi, safiqrebelia, rom im ori xelnaweridan, romelSic efremis es vrceli mozraxulia SemorGenili, Tavdapirvel viTarebas ufro K5 xelnaweri asaxavdes, sadac efremis `mosaxsenebeli~ krebulSi bolo statiad Setanil sakiTxavs mosdevs da garkveulwilad krebulis bolosityvaobis funqcia akisria. orive xelnawerSi, garda efremis mier Targmnili metafrasebisa, Setanilia sxva mTargmnelTa mier Sesrulebuli Targmanebic, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom am krebulis Semdgenlebma sxvadasxva mTargmnelTa, maT Soris efrem mciris Targmanebsac, mouyares Tavi da Seadgines metnaklebad sruli krebulebi metafrasuli sakiTxavebisa. safiqrebelia, rom Tavdaprvelad mTargmnelis es mozraxuli, romelsac efremma SesaZloa svimeon loRoTetis `mosaPsenebelTa~ gavleniT uwoda `mosaPsenebeli~, erTvoda efremis mier Targmnili metafrasuli sakiTxavebis krebuls, romelic 31 dekembris sakiTxaviT (`cxovreba melani hromisaY~) mTavrdeboda, saidanac gadavida is Semdeg gviandel metafrasul krebulebSic. efremis `mosaxsenebeli~ masSi daculi metad mniSvnelovani cnobebis gamo kargad cnobili Zeglia. k. kekeliZis publikaciis Semdeg mas ara erTi mkvlevari Sexebia, romelTa Soris gamovyofT v. latiSevis (latiSevi, 1915), h. bekis (beki, 1959), l. menabdis (menabde, 1959), r. siraZis (siraZe, 1978), e. xinTibiZis (xinTibiZe, 1969, 139141), n. goguaZis (goguaZe, 1986) da g. alibegaSvilis (alibegaSvili, 1989, 1992) naSromebs. svimeon metafrasis Sesaxeb efremis `mosaxsenebelSi~ dacul cnobebze dayrdnobiT SesaZlebeli gaxda bizantiuri metafrastikis Teoriisa da istoriis ara erTi sakiTxis garkveva. maT Soris umniSvnelovanesia svimeonis moRvaweobis drois gansazRvra (kekeliZe, et. V, 213-216), mis mier Sesrulebuli samuSaos kvalificireba (iqve, gv. 216-219), svimeonis mier gametafrasebuli sakiTxavebis raodenobis gansazRvra (iqve), metafrastikis literaturul siaxleTa daxasiaTeba (siraZe, 1978, 150-161) da sxv. metafrastikis istoriis mkvlevarTaTvis saintereso cnobebs vxvdebiT efremis sxva anderZebSic. kerZod, ioane damaskelis `gardamocemis~ winasityvaobaSi efremi SeniSnavs: - 153 - `kualad eseca sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed ara jer-ars, raYTa sxKsa visganme Sekazmulad vhgonebdeT wignsa amas, viTar-igi guasmies sKmeon loRoTetisa da sxvaTa mecnierTa berZenTagan kazmvaY, anu romelTaY uRono ars, rameTu ipoos Tu cxorebaY, anu wamebaY, anu raYca raY hambavi, gina moTxrobaY sofluriTa da uSueriTa sityKTa aRwerili, mas sityKT ganaSueneben, gardahkazmen da metafras uwoden, romel ars gardakazmuli" (A24,2v). efremis cnobiT, amas maSin akeTeben, rodesac `aRmwereli hambavisa mis litoni kaci iyos da ara wmidaTagani, xolo wmidaTa Tqumulsa da marTlmadidebelTa mamaTa aRwerilsa vervin ikadrebs Sexebad~ (A24,3r). sainteresoa `dimitri Tesalonikelis cxovrebis~ bolos darTuli anderZi efremisa: `gevedrebi yovelTa, romelnica miemTxKneT wamebasa amas, raYTa uwyebul iyvneT, viTarmed ara Tu amisTKs daweril ars, viTarca umetessa rasme metyueli pirvelisasa, garna rameTu yovelTave amaT didTa mowameTa or-ori aqus wamebaY - uZuelesi da uRrmesi. agreTve aqunden amasca meore ese pirvelisave Tana, rameTu ese berZenTaca esreT aqus, raYca romeli vis snTdes, mas ikiTxvides" (S384, 488; Jordania, 1892, 239; S I, 465). anderZSi efremi gvauwyebs, rom `dimitri Tesalonikelis cxovrebis~ `uZvelesi~ anu kimenuri redaqciac aris Targmnili qarTulad, magram berZnulad misi meore anu `uRrmesi~ redaqciac arsebobs, rac eWvsgareSea, rom metafrasul redaqcias gulisxmobs. efremis mier aq mowodebuli cnoba, rogorc yovelTvis, sinamdviles Seesabameba. qarTul xelnawerebSi Semonaxulia `dimitri Tesalonikelis wameba” H 341, Ath.70 da Sin.87 xelnawerebSi, romelic kimenuri redaqciisaa. qarTulad gvaqvs am Txzulebis kidev erTi Targmani, romelic eqvTime aTonels ekTvnis (K4, 588-593), magram, rogorc Gans, amis Sesaxeb efremma araferi icis, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi is `mosaPseneblis~ im nawilSi, romelSic metafrasuli sakiTxavebis qarTvel mTargmnelebs exeba, eqvTimes mier Targmnil metafrasebs Soris `dimitri Tesalonikelis cxovrebasac~ daasaxelebda. efremis cnobiT ki, `efTKmis loRoTetis SekazmulTagan klementosi oden uTargmnia da wmidisa prokopisi~ (kekeliZe, et. V, 225). terminebis `kimenisa~ da `metafrasis~ ganmartebas vxvdebiT efrem mciris anderZSi, romelic `mina megKptelis - 154 - cxovrebas~ erTvis: `wmidano mamano! ese wmidisa minaYs wameba iyo Zueladca Targmnili kimenisagan, rameTu esreT ewodebis pirvel litonad aRwerilsa wignsa mowameTasa, xolo aw ese metafrasisgan iTargmna axlad brZanebiTa kaliposelTa winamZRurisa basilisTa, rameTu mas uPmda mina wmidisaTKs da ese irGia loRoTetisa sKmeonisa Sekazmulisa mowameTaYsagan, romelsa metafras ewodebis, SegvindeviT da locva yavT" (S384, 643; Jordania, 1892, 222; SI,467). efremis cnobiT, qarTul enaze adreve yofila Targmnili `mina megviptelis wamebis~ kimenuri redaqcia. marTlac, qarTul xelnawerTa sinuri koleqciis erT-erT xelnawerSi (Sin.11) 11 noembris sakiTxavad Setanilia `wameba mena frigielisaY~, romlis mTargmnelad miTiTebulia seiTi. (kekeliZe, et. V, 133; javaxiSvili, sinas aRw., 24). magram sainteresoa, rom efremi arafers ambobs am Txzulebis metafrasuli redaqciis sxva Targmanis Sesaxeb, romelic mis Tanamedroves, konstantinopolSi moRvawe Teofile xuces-monazons ekuTvnis, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom man ar icis am Targmanis arseboba. svimeon loRoTetis metafrasTa Sesaxeb saintereso cnoba gvaqvs efremis erT-erT `SeiswaveSi~, romelic Teodorite kvirelis `filoTeon istorias~ erTvis. Teodorites am TxzulebaSi sxva wminda mamebis cxovrebaTa aRwerasTan erTad Setanilia Txroba `sKmeonisTKs halabelisa~, romelic, efremis cnobiT, Teodorites Tanamedrove yofila. Txroba svimeonis Sesaxeb ase iwyeba: `sKmeon yovlad ganTqmuli didi sakKrvelebaY yovlisa soflisaY...". teqstis dasawyisis gamo efrem mcires aseTi "Seiswave" daurTavs TargmanisaTvis. "Seiswave, viTarmed kma ars ese qebad amis aRmwerelisTKsa, rameTu misTa sityKTa iwyebs sKmeon loRoTeti metafrasTa TKsTa da mciredsa rasa maTgansa Sescvalebs da ara yovelsa. xolo ese igi sKmeon ars, romelsa berZenni arhimandritad da GuenRa alabel uwodT" (A682,162v). efremis cnobiT, svimeon metafrass `sKmeon arqimandritis cxovrebis~ gardakazmvisas Teodorite kvirelis `filoTeon istoriis~ Sesabamisi nawiliT usargeblia. efremis azriT, Teodorites rogorc mwerlis saqebrad isic kmara, rom svimeon metafrasma mxolod `mciredi raYme Sescvala~ da Teodorites sityvebiT daiwyo aRwera am wminda mamis cxovrebisa. - 155 - `svimeon arqimandritis cxovreba~, romelic svimeon mesuetis saxeliT ufroa cnobili, metafrasuli redaqciis agiografiuli Txzulebaa (P.G.,114), romlis qarTuli Targmani Senaxulia ramdenime xelnaweriT da dabeWdilia seqtembris Tvis metafrasebis krebulSi (goguaZe, 1986, 26-58). k. kekeliZe mas Teofile xuces-monazonis Targmanad miiGnevs (kekeliZe, et. V, 205), xolo n. goguaZe ki mTargmnels ar asaxelebs (n. goguaZe, gv. 500). am metafrasuli sakiTxavis qarTuli Targmanis teqsti marTlac ise iwyeba, rogorc Teodorite kvirelis `filoTeon istoriaSi `TxrobaY sKmeonisaTKs”: "sKmeon yovlad did sakKrvelebaY soflisaY... ", rac kidev erTxel gvarwmunebs efremis amgvar cnobaTa sisworeSi. Tu zemoT Tqmuls SevajamebT, unda aRvniSnoT, rom efrem mciris "mosaxseneblisa" da sxva "mozraxulis" cnobebi svimeon loRoTetis moRvaweobisa da mis mier "gardakazmuli wignebis" Sesaxeb imdenad swor warmodgenas gviqmnian metafrastikis Teoriisa da istoriis Sesaxeb, rom sxva wyaroebi mxolod avseben da azusteben maT. efremis anderZebSi da `SeiswaveebSi~ sakmao sisruliTaa daxasiaTebuli metafrastikis stiluri Taviseburebani da amave dros mocemulia misi istoriis problemebis Teoriuli gacnobiereba da ganzogadeba. origenes "heqsaplebi". pavles epistoleTa komentarebis efrem mciriseuli Targmanis Semcvel Ath.18 xelnawerSi daculia efremis erTi `Seiswave~, romelic saintereso cnobebs Seicavs origenes `heqsaplebis~ Sesaxeb. `Seiswave~ dawerilia pavles ebraelTa mimarT epistolis 9, 3 muxlis ekumeniosiseuli komentaris Semdegi adgilis gansamartavad. `samni gKswaKian Guen kretsabmeli erTsa mas karavsa Sina wignisagan rvaSTasavalisa" (Ath.18, 237). sityuas `rvaSTasavali" teqstSi sagangebo niSani uzis, xolo kideze mTargmnelis "Seiswavea". "Seiswave, rameTu rvaSTasaval uwodian wignsa mas originesgan rva kapatonad dawerilsa, romelsa moiPsenebs wmidaY epifane kKpreli mTavarepiskoposi, rameTu igive da erTi sityuaY ZuelTa wignTa rvajer weril ars, raYTa Seatyunes urTierTas pirvelad _ ebrauli ebrauliTa asoYTa, meored _ ebrauli sityuaY berZuliTa asoYTa, me- 156 - samed _ sameocdaaTTaY, meoTxed _ akKlaYsi, mexuTed sKmaxoYsi, meeqused _ Teodotionisi, meSKded da merved Wursa Sina poKnilni igi ieriqos, romelTa saxelebi ucnaur iyo, Tu vieT Targmnes" (Ath.18, 37). cnobilia, rom II-III saukuneebis RvTismetyvelma origenem, romelmac miznad daisaxa bibliis teqstis berZnuli Targmanis kritikuli dadgena, kolosaluri Sroma gaswia da Seadgina Tavisi cnobili heqsaplebi (˜ξαπλ©), sadac svetebad warmodgenili iyo Zveli aRTqmis wignebis sxvadasxva Targmanebi ebraul teqstTan erTad. suraTis sisrulisaTvis origenem oTx berZnul TargmanTan (septuaginta, akKlas, sKmaxosis, Teodotionis Targmanebi) erTad pirvel or svetSi moaqcia bibliuri wignebis ebrauli teqsti. pirvelSi-ebrauli ebrauli asoebiT, meoreSi ki _ ebrauli berZnuli asoebiT, anu transliteraciiT. aqedan miiRo wignmac saxelwodeba heqsapla, rac berZnul žξ sityvas ukavSirdeba da niSnavs eqvss. bibliis zogierTi adgilis teqstis kritikulad dadgenisaTvis origenes gamouyenebia anonimi mTargmnelebis mier Sesrulebuli sxva Targmanebic, romlebic me-7 da me-8 svetSi mouTavsebia. rva svetisagan Semdgar am wigns berZnulad "oqtaplac" ewodeboda (sityvisagan Òκτè rva), magram sayovelTao gavrceba da popularoba mainc "heqsaplebma" moipoves, rasac mowmobs ara erTi literaturuli cnobac, sadac origenes es Sroma swored "heqsaplebad" iwodeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom origenes mier teqstis Sedarebisas gamoyenebul sagangebo pirobiT niSnebs (lemniskusi, hipolemniskusi, asterikso da a. S.) Zveli da axali drois filologebic heqsaplarul niSnebs uwodeben. origenes eqvssvetian wigns icnobdnen Zvel saqarTveloSic da mas "eqvsSTasavledian wigns" eZaxdnen, romlis sanacvlod arsen iyalToels umjobesad da ufro zustad (anu "umarTle") miuGnevia saxelwodeba "equskeci" da asec gadmouRia berZnuli "˜ξαπλ©" qarTulad giorgi amartolis "xronografis" qarTul TargmanSi, Tan Tavisi mosazrebac gamouTqvams aSiaze moTavsebul sqolioSi, sadac SeniSnavs: "equskecTa maT wignTa ityKs origenisTa, romelTa qarTulad "equsSTasavledad" ityKan, xolo "equsSTasavledsa" "equskeci" umarTle ars, vinaYTgan equsgzis dawera yoveli sityuaY masve da erTsa wignsa Sina da TKT berZnulad cx- 157 - adad "equskecni" hqKan maT wignTa, xolo "equsSTasavali" Tu sadaYT ars, ara vici, nuukue da sxKsa romelisame garemoYsa enisagan" (xronografi, 1920, 237). e. i. XI saukunis bolos Tu XII saukunis dasawyisSi, rodesac arseni am sityvebs werda, origenes `heqsaplebi~ saqarTveloSi cnobil iyo `equsSTasavledis~ saxeliT, arsens ki amis sanacvlod `equskeci~ SemouRia. efremis sqolioSi ki sayovelTaod cnobili `equsSTasavledis~ an `equskecis~ nacvlad gvaqvs ` wigni rva kapatonad dawerili", anu "rvaSTasavali". aRsaniSnavia isic, rom arsenis moZRvrad da gamwafelad miGneuli efremi aq mowafis mier dawunebul "STasavals" termins xmarobs origenes wignSi warmodgenili svetebis aRsaniSnavad. efremi origenes "heqsaplebs" orgvarad moixseniebs: erTgan -"wigni rva kapatonad dawerili" da meoregan _ "wigni rvaSTasavali". rogorc miuTiTeben (abulaZe, 1950, 82; danelia, 1982, 98-99). termini kapatoni igive katapatoni qarTulSi berZnulidan aris Semosuli da ukavSirdeba sityvas καταβατÒς, rac Zvel berZnulSi kibes, Gamosasvlels aRniSnavs, xolo saSual berZnulSi _ wignis, naweris gverds. am termins efrem mcire sxvaganac xmarobs, kerZod, `gardamocemis~ erT-erT sqolioSi mTargmneli SeniSnavs: `Seiswave yovelive, raYca imersa kapitonsa weril ars, vidre dasasrulamde amis Tavisa, vinca ikiTxvideT anu swerdeT" (A24,50r). kapitons `gardamocemis~ Targmanis mkvlevari laTinur caput (Tavi) sityvas ukavSirebda da wignis Tavis aRmniSvnel terminad miiGnevda (miminoSvili, 1966, 118). magram rogorc k. danelias gamokvlevebma aGvena, kapitoni katapatonidan miRebuli sityvaa da aRniSnavs naweris gverds, xolo rac Seexeba `heqsaplebis~ Sesatyvisad efremis mier xmarebul `rvaSTasavals~, am rTuli sityvis meore nawili `STasavali~ pirdapiri Targmania berZnuli καταβατÒς,-isa (zmnidan καταβαίνω, rac niSnavs Gavdivar) da berZnuli paleografiuli terminis qarTuli Sesatyvisia. rogorc yovelTvis, efremi origenes rva kapatonad daweril wignebze msjelobis drosac, im wyaros asaxelebs, romelsac eyrdnoba. amjerad esaa epifane kKpreli. ("romelsa moiPsenebs wmidaY epifane kKpreli mTavarepiskoposi"). marTalia, aq dasaxelebuli araa epifanes romel SromaSia amaze saubari, magram vfiqrobT, efremi aq unda gulisx- 158 - mobdes epifane kKprelis wigns e. w. "panarions" ("panaria"), romelsac qarTulad hqvia "yovelTa wvalebaTaTKs", sadac ganxilulia qristemde arsebuli 20 eresis da qristianobis wiaRSi aRmocenebuli 80 mwvaleblobis, maT Soris origenes moZRvrebac da amasTan dakavSirebiT saubaria origenes hegzaplebzec. aRsaniSnavia, rom epifane kviprelis "panarions"* eyrdnoba giorgi amartolic Tavis "xronoRrafSi" origeneze saubrisas: "romlisaTKs didi epifane ityKs panariaTa Sina, viTarmed... origeni mRKZarebaTa Sina da moqalaqobasa kninRa da uPorcoobasa da friadsa mocalebasa saRmrToYsa werilisa gamoZiebasa Sina gulsmodginebiT moRuawe iyo da yovelive equskecad saxeldebulTa maT wignTa muSakobaY SromiT moisaqma kacma man" (xronoRrafi, 1920, 237). efremis cnobiT, am rvakapatonian anu rva svetad daweril wignSi yofila ebrauli teqsti ebrauliTa asoYTa, ebrauli-berZnuli asoYTa, Targmani sameocdaaTTaY, akKlas, sKmaxosis da Teodotionis Targmanebi, romelTac Sesabamisad I-VI svetebi eWiraT. xolo VII da VIII svetSi ki, efremis TqmiT, yofila "ieriqos Wursa Sina povnilni" ucnobi avtorebis Targmanebi. "ieriqos Wursa Sina povnili Targmanebi" aSkarad qalaq ieriqoSi WurSi damalul da Semdeg napovn Targmanebs niSnavs. magram ra Targmanebia isini? "Wursa Sina povnil Targmanebs" giorgi amartolic asaxelebs origenis " heqsaplebis" erT-erT svetad. igi SeniSnavs: "ara xolo oTxni igi saGinoni Targmanebani Sekribna erTad (igulisxmeba septuaginta, akKlas, sKmaxosis da Teodotionis Targmanebi), aramed mexuTeca da meequse, SemdgomTa JamTa povnilni ieriqos Wursa rasme Sina" (xronoRrafi, 237). "Wursa Sina damaluli Targmanebi" dasaxelebulia epifane kKprelis erT-erT TxzulebaSic: "JamTa seberos mefisaTa mexuTe igi TargmanebaY ipova ieriqos Wursa damaluli da Semdgomad misa meequse igi TargmanebaY dReTa antanine mefisaTa emaTas Wursa damaluli" (A691,175v). sxva wyaroebi miuTiTeben, rom heqsaplebis bolo svetSi moTavsebuli Targmani nikopolSi napovni ucnobi avtoris Targmania. e. i. efremis cnoba, rogorc yovelTvis, am SemTxvevaSic sworia. origenes heqsaplebSi bolo or svetad Setanili yofila ucnobi mTargmnelebis `Wursa Sina povnili~ Targmanebi bibliisa, romelTa - 159 - damatebiT cnobili `heqsaplebi~ `oqtaplebad~ (Òκτè rva), anu "rvaSTasavledian wignebad" iqceoda. efremi origenes Sromis swored amgvar redaqcias icnobs. cnobilia, rom origenes am kapitaluri naSromis sxvadasxva redaqciebi arsebobda: asaxeleben heqsaplebs, oqtaplebs da tetraplebs. "heqsapla" 6 svetisagan Sedgeboda da Seicavda bibliis ebraul teqsts ebrauli asoebiT, ebraul teqsts berZnuli asoebiT, septuagintas, akKlas, sKmaxosis da Teodotionis Targmanebs. "oqtaplaSi" rva sveti iyo warmodgenili. zemoT GamoTvlil 6 svets emateboda "Wursa Sina povnili" ori Targmani (VII svetSi _ ieriqoSi napovni da VIII svetSi _ emaTas Sina napovni. efremis "SeiswaveSi" dasaxelebuli "wigni rvaSTasavledi" swored "oqtaplas" qarTuli Sesatyvisia. "tetraplaSi" Setanili iyo bibliis mxolod oTxi berZnuli Targmani (samocdaaTTaY, akKlas, sKmaxosis, Teodotionis) ebraul teqstebis gareSe. vfiqrobT, efrem mciris zemoT ganxiluli sqolio iZleva imis safuZvels, rom davaskvnaT: XI saukunis saqarTveloSi icnobdnen origenes heqsaplebis im variantsac, romelic oqtaplis saxeliTaa cnobili. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom origenes es Sroma Guenamde mxolod fragmentebis saxiTRaa moRweuli. amdenad yovel cnobas am naSromis Sesaxeb garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvs origenes memkvidreobis mkvlevarTaTvis da Sesabamisad bizantiuri literaturis istoriisaTvis). bizantiuri xelnaweri wignebi da berZnuli wignsacavebi. efrem mciris "mozraxulSi" gvxvdeba ara erTi cnoba berZnuli wignTsacavebisa da iq daculi xelnaweri wignebis Sedgenilobis, garegnuli saxisa da gaformebis Sesaxeb. ioane damaskelis `gardamocemis~ SesavalSi efremi gvauwyebs, rom svimeonwmidis savaneSi arsebuli biblioTekisaTvis Teofile patriarqs Seuwiravs 420 wigni, romelTa Soris `araraY hrTavs sagalobeli, TKnier yovelnive sakiTxavni arian~. e. i. 420-ve wigni TxrobiTi Janris Txzulebebs Seicavdao. efremis cnobiT, maT ricxvSi iyo, rogorc `saeklesio sakiTxavebi~, e. i. sasuliero mwerlobis Zeglebi, aseve `gareSeni~, anu arasasuliero, arasaeklesio xasiaTis literatura. svimeonwmidaSi, efremis erT-erTi anderZis Tanaxmad, meore biblioTekac yofila: `TKT orTa wignissacavTa sKmeonwmidisaTa - 160 - `asketikonni~ sxKT da sxKT hmatdes urTierTas~ (A689, 187r), _ SeniSnavs mTargmneli, romelsac aseTi daskvna basili kesarielis saTargmnad arGeuli Txzulebis ramdenime xelnaweris gacnobisa da Sedarebis Semdeg gaukeTebia. svimeonwmidis ori wignsacavis garda, efremi imave anderZSi kidev erTs asaxelebs, esaa `wignTsacavi TualisaY~, anu Tualis monastrisa. radgan basili kesarielis `asketikonis~ berZnuli xelnawerebi erTmaneTisagan sakmaod gansxvavebuli yofila, anu rogorc efremi wers, `sxKTa da sxKT hmatdes urTierTas~, mas Tualis monastris wignsacavSi daculi nusxebic moupovebia da Seudarebia: `amisTKsca TualisaYca moviReTo~, _ aRniSnavs is anderZSi (A689, 187r). Tualis wigsacavs efremi, rogorc Gans, xSirad mimarTavda. efrem asuris `asketikonis~ Targmanze darTul erT SeniSvnaSi mTargmneli gvafrTxilebs: `sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed, sKmeonwmidisa da Tualisa wignTa or wignad ars efremi da Tu erTad swerdeT vinme, esreTve adgilsa aGendiT, rameTu esreT iTqmis: efrem pirveli da efrem meore~ (A62, 174v). IX saukunis bizantieli mwerlis giorgi nikomidielis erT-erTi Txzulebis saTaurTan efrems aseTi SeniSvna miuweria: `ese TKT ars giorgi nikomidel mTavarepiskoposi, romel wignismcveli iyo, viTarca TualelTa wignsa weria~ (S1276, 32r). rogorc Gans, svimeonwmidis da Tualis monastris biblioTekebi sakmaod mdidari yofila, radgan efremis anderZebis Tanaxmad, iq daculi yofila Txzulebebi xSirad ara erTi, aramed ramdenime xelnaweriT. ase magaliTad, ramdenime nusxa yofila basili kesarielis `asketikonisa~, `pavles epistoleTa komentarebisa~ (`samni, gina oTxni Targmani pavlisani~), `fsalmunTa Targmanebisa~ da sxva mniSvnelovani wignebisa. savaraudoa, rom efrem mciris mier Targmnili Txzulebebis udidesi nawilis dednebic am biblioTekebSi iyo Senaxuli. Tu gadavxedavT efrem mciris naTargmni Zeglebis sias, advili warmosadgenia, Tu raoden mdidari da mravalferovani unda yofiliyo am wignsacavTa fondebi. bibliur, egzegetikur, homiletikur, agiografiul, asketikur, mistikur, himnografiul, istoriul da sxva Janris TxzulebebTan erTad aq daculi yofila araerTi sacnobaro xasiaTis wigni, kerZod, leqsikonebi. `fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ SesavalSi efremi wers: `amas - 161 - Tana amasca mecnier iyav, viTarmed esreT aqus GueulebaY wignebsa berZenTasa, raYTa anbansa zeda ganawyobdnen yovelTave sityuaTa gamosaZiebelTa da RrmaTa, raYTa advil iyvnen sapovnelad. da wignsa mas `leqsikon~ uwoden, romel ars leqsTaY, ese igi ars, RrmaTa sityuaTaY~ (SaniZe, 1968, 96). amgvari `anbansa zeda ganwyobili Rrma sityvebis krebulidan~, anu leqsikonebidan, efremi asaxelebs kidec ramdenimes. kerZod, `samociqulos Targmanebis~ SesavalSi SeniSnavs, rom am egzegetikuri Txzulebis qarTulad Targmnisas pavles sam Tu oTx TargmanebasTan erTad `egodennive leqsikoni, romel arn RrmaTa wignurTa sityuaTa anbansa zeda ganwyobili sityuani~ Tana mesxniano (Jer. 16,1v), e. i. pavles epistoleTa ganmartebis gadmoRebisas efrems mociqulis `Rrma sityvis~ gasagebad daweril komentarebTan erTad sami Tu oTxi leqsikonic gamouyenebia. `fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ SesavalSi efremi sagangebod msjelobs leqsikonebis Sesaxeb, radgan gadauwyvetia `berZenTa kualsa SedgomiTa knini ese saxe~ TviTonac aGvenos, anu Tavis Targmansac daurTos `yovelive RrmaY da gamosaZiebeli sityuaY anbansa zeda ganwyobili~ (SaniZe, 1968, 96.), amitomac amaxvilebs qarTveli mkiTxvelis yuradRebas leqsikonTa daniSnulebaze, maTi Sedgenis wesze da SeniSnavs, rom amgvari wesiT araerTi cnobili leqsikonia Sedgenili berZenTa mier. kerZod, `amiT saxiTa ganwyobil arian sityKsgebani mwvalebelTani wmidaTa mamaTa da mnaTobTa maTgan yovlisa soflisaTa basili kesarielisa da grigol RmrTismetyuelisa da ioane damaskelisa, raYTa raJams arsebisaTKs sityua-gigebden winaaRmdgomni, myis anisagan sityua-ugo, xolo bunebisaTKs banisagan da guamisaTKs _ ganisagan. da esreT advil iyos saPmarebelad Jamsa Wirisasa anbansa zeda ganwyobili igi wignebi wmidaTaY~ (SaniZe, 1968, 96). efremis mier aq dasaxelebuli wigni `Jamsa Wirisasa~, anu mwvaleblebTan polemikis dros gamosayenebeli leqsikonia, romelSic eklesiis mnaTobTa _ basili kesarielis, grigol RmrTismetyvelis da ioane damaskelis _ ganmartebebia Tavmoyrili da anbansa zeda ganwyobili. amgvari leqsikonebis daniSnuleba, efremis azriT, isaa, rom saWiro sityvis ganmarteba advilad misagnebia, rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania mowinaaRmdegeebTan kamaTis dros. efrem mciris mier aq dasaxelebuli leqsikoni - 162 - Teologiuri Sinaarsis specialuri leqsikoni unda iyos. amgvarive wesiT, anu `anbansa zeda ganwyobiT~ aris Sedgenili efremis cnobiT, konstantine porfirogenetis da kirile aleqsandrielis leqsikonebi. ai, ras wers amis Sesaxeb efremi `fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ SesavalSi: `amiTve saxiTa aRuwerian TKsni leqsikonni RrmaTa sityuaTaTYs berZulTa kostantine mefesa porfirogenitsa da didsa kKriles aleqsandrielsa, raYTa raJams eZiebdes umecari, Tu raY ars myisi anu mrGobli, mansa Sina ganumarton, viTarmed: mrGobl ewodebis orkecsa, xolo myisi _ anazdaYTsa~ (SaniZe, 1968, 97). konstantine mefis mier `RrmaTa sityuaTaTKs berZulTa~ Sedgenili leqsikoni, iseve rogorc kiriles amgvari Sroma, efremis mier moyvanili magaliTebis mixedviT, berZnuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonebi Gans. SesaZloa, kirile aleqsandrielis leqsikonSi efremi gulisxmobdes kiriles mier Sedgenil maTes saxarebis sakuTar saxelTa etimologiur leqsikons, romlis qarTul Targmans aseTi saTauri aqvs: `leqsi maTes Tavisa saxarebisa ZneloanTa sityuaTa ganmartebaY leqsikoni~, (kekeliZe, et. V, 87; SaniZe, 1975, 71;). qarTulad es leqsikoni erTi xelnaweriTaa cnobili (A65, 340-349) da gamocemulia al. Rlontis mier (Rlonti, 1947). swored am leqsikonTa msgavsad imave principze dayrdnobiT Seudgenia efrems Tavisi leqsikonic, romelSic `fsalmunTa Targmanebidan~ gamokrebili `Zneloani~ adgilebis saxismetyvelebiTi ganmartebebia anbanze dalagebuli. efremis leqsikonsac igive daniSnuleba aqvs, rac mis mier zemoT dasaxelebul leqsikonebs hqondaT _ `raYTa marjue da advil iyvnen sapovnelad meZiebelTaTKs~ (SaniZe, 1968, 82). efrem mciris anderZebsa da sqolioebSi vxvdebiT zogierT iseT cnobas, romlebic berZnuli xelnawerebis garegnul mxares Seexeba; kerZod, ioane damaskelis `gardamocemis~ winasityvaobaSi efremi saubrobs berZnul manuskriptebSi gamoyenebuli marginaluri da punqtuaciuri niSnebis Sesaxeb. kerZod, SeniSnavs, rom `SeiswaveY~, `gansazRvrebaY~, `ganGinebaY~, `samecnieroY ese~, romlebic teqstis ama Tu im monakveTis vizualurad gamosakveTad gamoyenebuli aRniSvnebia, yovelTa berZulTa wignTa uwerian kidesa~, xolo `saWiroYsa sityKsa Targmani~ ki, anu sityvieri ganmarteba avtorisa Tu komentatorisa, `pativTa zeda~ weriao (TvalT- 163 - vaZe, 2002, 87). grigol nazianzelis homiliaTa efremiseuli Targmanebis Semcvel erT-erT krebulSi Senaxulia im pirobiT niSanTa grafikuli gamosaxuleba da daniSnulebis ganmarteba, romlebic nazianzelis TxzulebaTa komentirebisTvis gamoiyeneboda berZnul xelnawerebSi (Jer.43, 4v; granstremi, 1969; oTxmezuri, 1991, 335-347; 1992, 94-103; 1995, 144-149). efremis anderZebSi daculi cnobebis Tanaxmad, berZnuli wignebi `friad misandobel arian marTliad gakueTilobisaTKs~(A24, 4r) anu punqtuaciuri da sadeklamacio niSnebis gamoyenebis gamo. `samociqulos Targmanebis~ bolosityvaobaSi efremi aRniSnavs, rom berZnuli dedani, romelic mas hqonia xelT, `moTxviTad mowerili~ iyo da `samociqulos~ gansamartavi muxli Sesabamis komentarTan sagangebo pirobiTi niSniT iyo dakavSirebuli (Ath.18, 235238; 10,210-221). efremis anderZebSi daculi amgvari cbobebi migvaniSneben, rom bizantiuri filologia am droisaTvis ukve kargad flobs teqstis mecnieruli da kritikuli damuSavebis meTodebs. qarTuli Targmanebis `berZnulsa wessa zeda gammarTavi~ efrem mcirec cdilobs idges Tavis Tanamedrove bizantiel mwignobarTa doneze da mTargmnelobiTi muSaobis dros marjved iyenebs maT mier damuSavebul meTodebs. kerZod, Targmanebze darTuli sqolio-komentarebi, zandukebi da stiqometriuli aparati, winasityvaobebi da bolosityvaobebi, sagangebo pirobiTi niSnebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba komentirebisa da teqstis koreqtirebisas, sxvadasxva daniSnulebis marginaluri niSnebi, `wertiliTa gakueTa~, anu punqtuaciuri da saintonacio niSnebi da sxv. efremis TargmanebSi imitomac gvxvdeba, rom `berZennica esreT hyofen~. efremis Targmanebi am mxriv XI saukunis bizantiel mwignobarTa naSrom-naRvawis gverdiT sruli uflebiT SeiZleba davayenoT. misi Targmanebi `berZulsa wessa zedaa gamarTuli~ iseve sanimuSod, rogorc, vTqvaT, bizantieli mwignobris basili gramatikosisa, romelsac, efremis TqmiT, grigol RvTismetyvelis 16-sityviani liturgikuli krebulebis berZnuli teqsti sanimuSod gaumarTavs. efremis anderZebsa da sqolioebSi gvaqvs ramdenime cnoba bibliis zogi wignis berZnuli redaqciebis Sesaxebac. basili didis `asketikonis~ xelnaweris aSiaze iq, sadac teqstSi saxarebis citataa moyvanili (`maSin emsgavsos sasufeveli - 164 - caTaY aTTa qalwulTa, romelTa aRixunes lampari maTni da ganvides migebebad siZisa da sZlisa~. maT. 25, 1), efremi SeniSnavs: `Seiswave, rameTu ZuHlTa saxarebaTa berZulTaca yofila siZisa da sZlisa~, xolo `aw arcaRa maTTa ars da arca GuHnsa axalsa, rameTu usrulesisa mimarT waremata eklesiaY RmrTisa madliTve misiTa~ (A689, 114r; xinTibiZe, 1968, 165). efremis cnobiT, saxarebaTa Zvel nusxebSi axlisagan gansxvavebiT, romelSic mxolod siZis migebebazea saubari (`™ξÁλϑον εἰς Øπ£ντησιν τοà νυµφίου~), yofila `migebebad siZisa da sZlisa~. am gancxadebis safuZvels efrems is aZlevs, rom, misi azriT, basili kesarieli, romelic IV saukunis moRvawea, albaT, saxarebaTa Zveli redaqciiT isargeblebda, romelSic damatebuli glosa `sZlisa~ berZnul saxarebaTa axal redaqciaSi ar gadmosula, radgan `usrulesisa mimarT waremata eklesiaY RmrTisa~. efremis cnobiT, amgvari glosa arc qarTuli saxarebis axal redaqciaSi gvaqvs. cxadia, qarTuli saxarebis axal redaqciaSi aq giorgi aTonelis versia igulisxmeba, romelSic berZnulis msgavsad marTlac mxolod siZis migebebazea saubari: (`maSin emsgavsos sasufeveli caTaY aTTa qalwulTa, romelTa aRixunes lamparni TKsni da ganvides migebebad siZisa~ HIKNZYUXJQ) (qarT. oTxT., 1979, 345; giorgiseili oTxTvi, 2002), xolo Zvel qarTul TargmanebSi ki (garda adiSis saxarebisa (adiSis oTxTavi, 2003), marTlac, Zveli berZnuli saxarebis msgavsad, `siZisa da sZlisa~ weria. (`maSin emsgavsos sasufeveli caTaY aTTa qalwulTa, romelTa aRixunes sanTelni TKsni da ganvides migebebad siZisa da sZlisa~ XADEFGPRST, (winaaTonuri oTxTavi, 2002); efremis es SeniSvna mniSvnelovania basili kesarielis `asketikonis~ berZnuli redaqciebis urTierTmimarTebisa da qarTveli mTargmnelis mier dednad SerGeuli nusxis raobis dasadgenadac. radgan `asketikonis~ im redaqciaSi, romelic efrems hqonia xelT, maTes saxarebis es muxli Zveli variantiT (`siZisa da sZlisa~) yofila warmodgenili, mis mier dednad SerGeuli berZnuli teqstic `asketikonis~ im redaqciis xelnawerTa Soris unda veZeboT, romlebSic aRniSnuli muxlis amgvari wakiTxva gvaqvs. bibliur wignTa berZnul TargmanebTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa efremis kidev erTi `Seiswave~, romelic ioane damaskelis `gardamocemas~ erTvis da ganmartavs damaske- 165 - lis mier citirebul esaia winaswarmetyvelis sityvebs: `ixilos yovelman Porcman macxovarebaY RmrTisaY~ (esaia, LX, 5). `Seiswave da nu aPoc `Porcsa~, rameTu ara cTomiT daweril ars, aramed berZulTa saxarebaTaca da sawinaswarmetyueloTa `Porci~ weria nacvalad `Porcielisa~ (A24, 101v; miminoSvili, 1966, 131). efremis SeniSvna gamouwvevia sityva `Porcs~, romlis nacvlad qarTul TargmanebSi `Porcieli~ ewera: `ixilos yovelman Porcielman macxovarebaY RmrTisaY~, rac TiTqos ufro gasagebi da swori Gans qarTulad, magram berZnul bibliaSi, saxarebaSic da esaias winaswarmetyuelebis teqstSi, efremis cnobiT, weria ara `Porcieli~ (σαρκÒς), aramed `Porci~ (σ£ρξ) da amitomac qarTul TargmanSic `Porci~ unda daiweros. magram imisTvis, rom `Porciels~ SeGveul mkiTxvels es sityva `cTomiT dawerili~ ar egonos, mTargmneli saTanado SeniSvnas akeTebs kideze. imave Txzulebis erT-erTi adgilis komentars warmoadgens efremis Semdegi sqolio: `Seiswave, viTarmed ese sawinawarmetyueloni sityuani ara umecrebiT damiwerian sxuebr, aramed esreT vpoen dedasa Sina~ (A 24, 136r). saqme exeba ioane damaskelis mier `gardamocemis~ teqstSi damowmebul citatebs (I korinT., 15, 32; Sesq. 9, 3; gamosl. 3, 6; sibrZn. sol. 3, 1 da sxv.), romlebic odnav sxvaoben bibliuri teqstisagan, anu, efremis sityvebiT, `sxuebr daweril arian~. miuxedavad imisa, rom efremi amGnevs am sxvaobas, Tavis TargmanSi maT iseve tovebs, rogorc damaskelis berZnul dedanSia da amas akeTebs ara `umecrebiT~, aramed Segnebulad, imitom rom, `esreT ars dedasa Sina~, xolo `wamebad SemoRebuli sityuaY mravalgzis mcired icvlebis wmidaTa mier~ (A24, 53 r). efremis `mozraxulSi~ zogierTi berZnuli wignis Seqmnis istoriacaa moTxrobili. kerZod, efremis erT-erTi anderZi srul warmodgenas gvaZlevs `ioane damaskelis cxovrebis~ avtorze, Txzulebis Seqmnis droze, da berZnul enaze misi mTargmnelis Sesaxeb. am agiografiuli Txzulebis efrem mciriseuli qarTuli Targmani ramdenime xelnaweriTaa Gvenamde moRweuli, romelTagan ors (S1276; Sin.91) Semounaxavs mTargmnelis anderZic, romlidanac irkveva, rom `mcire ese cxorebaY didisa ioane damaskelisaY~, romelic ioane mRvdlis brZanebiT uTargmnia efrems berZnulidan, `awRa GuenTa JamTa~, anu efremis dros aRiwera `miqaelisgan - 166 - xucisa sKmeonwmidelisa samadlobelad tyueobisagan Psnisa misisa, rameTu dekenbersa erTsa SemosrulTa TurqTa sulimaneTTa amas dResa daipyres qalaqi da mTiT Gamosxes eri dResaswaulsa amis wmidisa iovane damaskelisasa oTxsave missve dekembersa, romelTa Tana uvnebelad daculsa mas zemoxsenebulsa miqael xucessa, sKmeonwmidas Zmasa da maSin qalaqs daxudomilsa, aRewera ese sakiTxavi arabulsa enasa zeda, vinaY-igi berZenTa enad gamoTargmna da Seamko samoel wmidaman mitropolit adanelman, romeli-ese aw qarTuladac iTargmna locviTa berTa sabaYs da antonisiTa, brZanebiTa da saPmariTa ioane zemoPsenebulisa da kKrikes xucad SeswavebulisaYTa~ (S1276, 56r). rogorc vxedavT, am mokle anderZSi warmodgenilia istoria erTi hagiografiuli Zeglis Seqmnisa. sabawmidel arab bers, miqaels, romelic uvneblad gadarGenia TurqTa Semosevas ioane damaskelis xsenebis dRes (1084 wlis 1 dekemberi) tyveobisgan xsnis samadloblad dauweria es sakiTxavi arabul enaze, romelic berZnulad uTargmnia adanis mitropolit samoels, romlis Targmani gadmouRia efrem mcires qarTulad. rogorc Gans, imdenad didi iyo interesi am Txzulebis mimarT, rom efrems Tavisi mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis mTavari saxelmZRvanelo principic ki daurRvevia da Targmanis Targmani moucia, rasac is dauSveblad miiGnevda (`somexisa Svilsa da berZenissa SviliSvilsaRa TKT ueWKda sakuTari Svili varGieo~ A292.312r), magram garkveuli roli albaT imanac iTamaSa, rom samoel adanelis Sesrulebuli berZnuli Targmani `ueWueli da sando~ iyo da amitomac gamosadegi dednad. efremis anderZis mixedviT SesaZlebeli gaxda `ioane damaskelis cxovrebis~ berZnuli versiis Seqmnis drois sakmao sizustiT gansazRvrac. arab hagiografs `ioane damaskelis cxovreba~ 1085 wlis Semdgom dauweria, misi berZnuli Targmanic, efremis cnobiT, maleve `gamoTargmna berZenTa enad da Seamko~ adanis mitropolitma, romelic, Tavis mxriv, `qarTuladca iTargmna~ efrem mciris mier. e. i. rogorc k. kekeliZe SeniSnavs, `samive piri miqaeli, samoeli da efremi Tanamedroveni yofilan~ (kekeliZe, et. VII, 140) da ioane damaskelis arabuli cxovrebis berZnuli Targmani Sesrulebulia 1086-1104 wlebSi. amasTanave, `qarTulma versiam Semogvinaxa pirveli berZnuli gadamuSaveba originalis - 167 - arabuli teqstisa... misi mniSvneloba isaa, rom mas safuZvlad udevs uSualod miqaelis Sroma im saxiT, rogoriTac gamovida avtoris xelidan~(kekeliZe, et. VII, 141). aRsaniSnavia, rom efrem mciris `SeiswaveebSi~ gvxvdeba ramdenime cnoba TviTon ioane damaskelis Sesaxebac. misi erT-erTi Txzulebis `sityuaY satfurebisaTKs ierusalimisa~ efremiseul Targmans erTgan mTargmnelis aseTi SeniSvna axlavs: `Seiswave, viTarmed saxismetyuelebiT mdinarisa simqarned uwods erisa simravlesa, romelni yovliT kerZo Sesdian tkbilsa mas zRuasa ierusalHmisasa dResaswaulsa satfurebisa da juarTa apyrobisasa, rameTu ese sakiTxavi TKT ierusalims Sina uTquams mas dResa Sina didsa oqronektarwodebulsa wmidisa RmrTismSobelisa mier iovanes damaskelsa~ (S 1276, 1r; K 4; Jer.23). efremis sqolios Tanaxmad, `sityuaY satfurebisaTKs ierusalimisa~ ioane damaskels ierusalimSi warmouTqvams satfurebis da juarTa apyrobis dResaswaulze, romelsac 13 seqtembers dResaswauloben. ramdenime sqolio axlavs ioane damaskelis `gardamocemas~, sadac efremi am wignis avtoris da TviT am Txzulebis Sesaxeb saubrobs. kerZod, `gardamocemis~ erT-erTi muxlis (`RmerTi uvnebelad da TKnier Teslisa Sobs~) mTargmneliseul komentarSi aRniSnulia: `nu dagikKrdebis uTeslobisa TqumaY RmrTisaTKs, vinaYTgan sarkinozTa Soris iyo wmidaY ioane damaskeli... ~ (A24, 42r); efremis erTi SeniSvna ki `gardamocemis~ saTaurs Seexeba: `gardamocema ewodebis wignsa amas, rameTu ara sakiTxavTa saxe aqus SesavalTani da daboloebuli, aramed msgavs ars gardamocemulsa mas mwignobrisasa, romelsa Seiqman nusxad da dasdeben nivTad pirad-piradTa wignTa dawerisa, raYTa visTanaca vis undes, dawe[... ]bdes Zalsa sityKsasa. egreTve wmidasa amas [... ] mokle-mokled aRuweria yovlisave marTlmadidebelTa sarwmunoebisaTKs, raYTa amier aqundes morwmuneTa Zali pirad-piradisa winaaRmdgomTa sityKsgebaTaY, amier miiRon~ (A24, 36r). efremis `mozraxulSi~ daculia cnobebi `Guenda ar mowevnuli~ berZnuli wignebis Sesaxebac. dionise areopagelis TxzulebaTa qarTul Targmanze erTgan efrems aseTi SeniSvna daurTavs: `Seiswave, viTarmed sxuaYca wigni aRuweria wmidasa amas simarTlisa da saRvToTa msjavrTaTKs, romeli Guenda ara mowevnul ars~ (A 684, 55r). mTargmnelis es SeniS- 168 - vna gamouwvevia teqstis Semdeg adgils: `ese Guen mier simarTlisa da saRmrToTa msjavrTaTKs Tqumulsa Sina Zalisaebr kmasayofelad iTqua~ (petre iberieli, 1961, 58). efremis cnobiT, dionise areopagelis mier aq miTiTebuli Txzuleba `simarTlisa da saRmrToTa msjavrTaTKs~, `Guenda ara mowevnul ars~, iseve rogorc sxva mravali wigni, romelsac dionise asaxelebs Tavis TxzulebebSi. areopagelis xuTwigneulis Targmanis `winabWeSi~ sagangebo msjelobaa am wignebis Sesaxeb. `uwyebaY jer-ars, viTarmed, sxuanica aRwerilni wmidisa dionKsisni moiPsenebian wignsa amas Sina, romelni arRara mowevnul arian Guenda, xolo moiPsenebian esreT... ~ da Semdeg mocemulia erTgvari saZiebeli, sadac Tavebis miTiTebiT amowerilia dionise areopagelis moRweuli Txzulebebidan is adgilebi, sadac avtori asaxelebs Tavis sxva wignebs, romlebic `Guenda ara mowevnul arian~: `saxeliTaTKs RmrTisaTa~ meoresa Tavsa Sina ityvs: `ese Guen mier sxuaTaca gamoZiebiT gamoGinebul ars samaradisod yovelTaTKs RmrTiv-SuenierTa saxelTa da ara zomierad raYme~. da Semdgomad amisi: da kualad Semdgomad mciredisa ityKs: `ese Guen aw amas Sina mcired da zogebiT warmogviTquams, xolo sxuaTa adgilTa _ mravlad da kma-sayofelad sityuaTagan gamocxadebulTa~. da Semdgomad mciredisa meoTxesa Tavsa Sina: `da raodeni raY sxuaY Tqumul ars Gem mier TKsebaTa Sina angelozebrTa~. da kualad ityKs: `da raodeni raY sxuaY Tqumul ars Gem mier TqumulTa maT Sina sulisaTKs~ da dasasrulsa amis meoTxisa Tavisasa ityKs, viTarmed: `ese Guen mier Zalisaebr kma-sayofelad iTqumoded TavTa maT Sina simarTlisa da saRmrToYsa msjavrisaTKs TqumulTa~. xolo `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaTKs~ TqumulTa Sina dasarulsa meSKde Tavisasa ityKs: `ese zeSTaobiTni qebis-metyuelebani zeSTacaTa gonebaTani, aha, egera saRmrToTa qebaTa Sina raoden dasatevnel iyo, gangKmartebian~. xolo `saeklesioYsa mRdelT-mTavrobisa~ pirvelsa Tavsa Sina mcired Semdgomad dawyebisa ityKs, viTarmed: `ese Guen mier sacnaurTa da grZnobaTaTKs Tqumulsa Tavsa Sina uvrcelesadre Tqumul ars~ da kualad Semdgomad mciredisa amas sakiTxavsa moiPsenebs. xolo `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisa~ Sina, dawyebasa mesame Tavisasa ityKs, viTarmed `RmrTismetyuelebiTTa ganwesebaTa Sina usakuTresni warTqumi- 169 - Tisa RmrTis-metyuelebisani vigalobeniT~ da Semdgomad raodenisame kualad ityKs, viTarmed `saxiereba raodeni raY igalobebis saRmrToTa sityuaTa mier Tqumuli RmrTismetyuelebiTTa ganwesebaTa Sina... ese da ese raYme [... ... ... ] didisa amis moZRurisaYT wignTa misTaganni ara mowevnul arian~ (A 110,7-8; lolaSvili, 1983,75-76). dionise areopagelis `zecaTa mRvdelmTavrobisaTKs~ erT-erTi adgilis gansamartavadaa dawerili mTargmnelis Semdegi SeniSvna: `ese papia Targmanebasa Sina mociqulTa saqmisasa mowafed iTqumis ioane maxareblisa. xolo wignebi Guen ara guaqus jereT, romelTa saxel-debiT aqa moiPsenebs~ (A110,217; A163, 249; A189, 63r; H194, 8r). efremis mier aq dasaxelebuli papia unda iyos papia hieropoleli, axali welTaRricxvis I-II saukuneebis moRvawe (60/70_120/130 ww.), romelic frigiaSi mdebare qalaq hieropolisis episkoposi iyo. rogorc miuTiTeben (buxbergeri, 1963, 34-36) iereneusis erT-erT wignSi es papia moixsenieba ioane maxareblis mowafed da polikarpe smirnelis Tanamedroved. efremis `Seiswaves~ mixedviT, igive cnoba unda veZioT mociqulTa saqmis TargmanebSic, sadac `ese papia... mowafed iTqumis ioane maxarebelisa~. efremis SeniSvnis mixedviT dionise areopagelis `zecaTa mRvdelmTavrobisTKs~ teqstSi saxeldebiT unda yofiliyo moxseniebuli papias wignebi, magram gamocemis mixedviT mTargmnelis komentaris Sesabamis teqsts ver mivageniT, amitom ra wignebi iyo iq dasaxelebuli, GvenTvis ucnobia. savaraudoa, rom efremi aq gulisxmobdes papias yvelaze cnobil Txzulebas `ganmartebani uflisa sityuaTani~ (Explanatio sermonum Domini), romelic xuT Tavad yofila dawerili da romelic dakargulad iTvleba. SemorGenilia mxolod fragmentebi evsevi kesarielis, rufinusis da sxvaTa SromebSi dadasturebuli eqscerptebis saxiT (P.G. t.5; col. 1256-1261). efremis zogierT SeniSvnaSi konkretuli berZnuli nusxebis gadamwerTa Sesaxebac aris daculi cnoba. magaliTad, kaTolike epistoleTa Targmanebis berZnuli xelnaweri, romelic dednad hqonia efrems, vinme andria xuces-monazonis gadawerili yofila: `locva yavT andriaTKs xucesmonazonisa, romeli yofil-ars mwerali berZulisa amis wignisaY, romlisagan iTargmna kaTolikeTa ese Targmani enasa - 170 - Guensa~ (Q1158,316), _ SeniSnavs `samociqulos Targmanebis~ erT-erT anderZSi efrem mcire. mTargmnelis zogi SeniSvna berZnul xelnawerebSi SemGneul `cTomilebs~ Seexeba. imave `samociqulos TargmanebaSi~ aris aseTi `Seiswave~. `Seiswave, rameTu ese cTomili berZuladca ars da, mgonia, romel mweralTagan. amisTKs ese zemoni sityuani berZuladve vpoen sabralobelad dawerilni visganme filosofosisa~ (A390,38v; Jer.9,117r; danelia,1982,332); an `ese Targmani berZulad aqa iyo~ (Ath.18, 86). efremis mozraxul anderZebsa da sqolioebSi gvaqvs informaciuli xasiaTis SeniSvnebic. aseTia erTi `Seiswave~, romelic Teodorite kvirelis `filoTeon istoriis~ Semdeg adgils erTvis: `xolo mgzavrobaY TKsi yo kKroYT kerZo, romel-igi ars qalaqi or sadgur Sorieli antioqiiT~. aSiaze aseTi SeniSvnaa: `Seiswave, rameTu amis kKroYs episkoposi iyo netari Teodorite, aRmwereli wignisaY amis~(A689,203 r). imave Txzulebis sxva adgils (`nisibi ars sazRvari berZenTa da sparsTa sameufoYsaY~), aseTi SeniSvna aqvs darTuli: `Seiswave, viTarmed amier iyo wmida efrem asuri, viTarca mogviTxrobs sozomenos da sxuani saeklesioTa TxrobaTa aRmwerelni~ (A689,196; A682,95v). dionise areopagelis erT-erTi epistolis (`gaiosis mimarT mowesisa~) Targmans saTaurTan mTargmnelis sqolio aqvs miwerili, romelic epistolis adresats, gaioss, Seexeba: `viTar vhgoneb, ese igi gaios ars, romlisa mimarT mesamesa epistolesa miswers RmrTismetyueli ioane, rameTu maTve JamTa iyo da mociqulTa Tana zrdil iyo didi ese moZRvari, romeli miswers missa... ~ (A163,453). mTargmnelis amgvari SeniSvnebi, cxadia, pirvel rigSi Targmanis gagebis gaiolebis da sworad gaazrebis mizniTaa dawerili, magram, amasTanave, maTSi daculi cnobebic TavisTavad mniSvnelovania. efremis anderZebsa da sqolioebSi daculi cnobebi amdidreben Gvens warmodgenas XI saukunis bizantiuri filologiis miRwevebze, bizantiel mwignobarTa muSaobis principebze, berZnul xelnaweri wignebis Sedgenilobasa da gaformebaze, romelTa msgavsad, anu `berZulsa wessa zeda gamarTviT~, iqmneboda is qarTuli xelnawerebic, romlebic Savi mTis literaturuli skolis skriptoriumemidan gamodioda. - 171 - T a efremrityÂs g m a n i - 172 - efrem mciris kolofonebi (teqstebi) Sesavali efrem mciris fsalmunTa Targmanebisa SewevniTa uflisa Guenisa iesu (qriste)siTa. uwyebaY mizezsa d(a viTareb)asa, da TxrobaY wessa da saPmarebasa wina-mdeba(ris)sa amis wignisasa, romel ars `TargmanebaY fsalmunTaY~18 daRacaTu kadnier ars Pel-[yo]faY ese, aramed Sesan[d] obel [iy]avn swavlis-moyuare[Ta] mier, romelni keTilad mecnier [ar]ian, viTarmed (m)axlobelni ba[gi]Ta, xolo Sorielni PmiTa da [uf]roYsRa msxemni da war[ma]valni qartiTa da mel[niT]a auwyeben naTesavsa [mom]avalsa guliszraxva[Ta] gulisa TKsisaTa, romelTa [Tan]a Seracxil iyavn Guenda[mo] (S)endobiT brZanebuli [ese] aRmwerelobaY, raYTa me[qmn]es Guen aRw(eraY sit)yuaTaY [aR]saareb(ad) gulis-sityuaTa. [xolo aRs]aarebaY gulis-sityuaTaY [mite]veba cTomilebaTa [raJams] esreT zogebiT warmovityodiT uwyebasa [Sina mizezi]sasa sa(Pmarebis)a[Tvis wmidisa] amis wignisa[Ysa da] gan[vazav]ebd(i)T sity(u)[a]Ta... . ] x [sityuaTa [... ] (S)[e](v)amkobd(eT) [ ... . . ]iko[... . ] (n)oYs[aY]Ta [ ... gan]acxados (sityuaman wina-[mdebare]man, romeli iwyeb(is) esreT: [giorgis] ukue didsa mas [saxelmo]d(g)amsa muSako[bisasa] d[a mou]wyinebelad [moqmeds]a qristes venaPisa[sa didi Rua]wli (da Sro)maY [Tavs-edva] gana(x)lebisa[TKs da ucTome]lad Targmanebisa wignisa mis fsalmunTaYsa] da ara xolo erTgzis, aramed orgzisca eTargmna igi berZulis(a)gan. da sxuaTave namuSakevTa TKsTa uricxuebasa Tana amaTica nayo(fTa) SuenierebaY daeunja qarTvelTa naTesavisda. amisTKsca me, uRirsman brWalman patiosnisa mis guamisa misisaman, brZanebiTa da locviTa berisa Gemisa saba sulaYs Zisa TuxarselisaYTa da madliTa da meoxebiTa 18 fsalmunTa Targmanebis Sesavlis teqsti Q37, Jer.1, S 1476, A14, Q 558, Q 675 xelnawerebis mixedviT gamosca mz. SaniZem: Tsu Zveli qarTul enis kaTerdis Sromebi 11, saiubileo, Tb., 1968, gv. 77-122 - 173 - TKT misve wmidisa (mamisa giorgi mTawmidelisaYTa da zogad Guen yovelTa mamisa da winamZRurisa efT(K)mesiTa knin odeni raYme guls-modginebaY davdev, raYTa SevsZino mis mier axlad Targmanebulsa [wi]gnsa fsalmunTasa wigni ese TargmanTa daviTisaTaY, (rom)lisa aRmwerel arian aleqsandriiT aRmobrwyinvebulni igi orni mzeni yovlisa soflisani _ aTanase da kKrile sxuaTave Tana SemdgomTa maTTa. xolo amas ra vh[yof]d, ara (T)KT mopovnebulsa, arca Gem mier RoniT ganmzadebulsa, aramed missave mas mtkiced dadebulsa safuZvel[sa] zeda maSenebel viqmen. ese-igi ars, romel vityK, viTarmed muPli daviTisaY mis mierve Targmanebuli igi ar(s x)arisx sapfirovnisa da Gem mier [mas] zeda Senebul Ta(rgma)ni muPlisaY, viTarca z[R] ude piloYs Zu[alisaY], /pirvel moPsenebulTa maT wmidaTa mier aRwerili enasa berZenTasa SewevniTa sulisa wmidisaYTa, xolo Gem mier Targmanebuli enasa qarTvelTasa, zeda-mdgomelobiTa da saWeT-mpyrobelobiTa menaveT-moZRurisa amis GemisaYTa, romelman ese mougo afrad aRmarTebulad mciresa mas Puamaldsa uRirsebisa Gemisasa, raYTa, viTarca-igi wmidaTa maT mRdelTmoZRuarTa winamZRurad sityKsa iPumies (q)nari igi sityuaTa daviTisTaY, egreTve me momemadlos Zalmwed sityuaTa maTTa Targmanebisa locvaY da meoPebaY saTnoebaTa saunjisa mis mamisa giorgi mTawmidelisaY, raJams ara Gemsa, aramed mis mier ganmarTebulsa mas zeda safuZvelsa mtkicesa viwyo Senebad da unarGevesobasa mowfobisa misisasa kualTave misTa midevnebiTa yovelTa Soris gancxadebad. xolo vinaYTgan Sesavalad daviTTa misTa daedva mas Sesavali wmidisa aTanases `daviTisa TargmnisaY~, amisTKsca me arRara mkadre-viqmen wignsa amas Sina darTvad misda, raYTa ara orgzis Targmanebulad sagonebel iqmnes, aramed dauteve igi maT, romelTaca enebos sxuaTa, ukueTu ipovnenRa vin moklebasa amas Sina JamTa[sa] gardamwerelni ama(T daviT) isa TargmanTani, raYTa maT (g)uls-idginon Sesavalica. igi amasve adgilsa dawe[rad, sada-igi ukue weri]l ars [... ... . . ] da mau[wyebel... ] saPmar(eb)[elobasa... ] da Gem- 174 - da esec [... ... ] wina-mauwyebel geqmnes swavlis moyuareTa, Tu raodenni arian (Targmaneba(ni) daviTisani, anu Tu Gueni ese Tar[gmani daviTisaY raodenTa [wig]nTagan erTad Semokre[bu]l ars. sacnaur iyav[n], viTarmed viTar-igi pirvelTa maT Ja[mTa] araraY aqunda sxuaY sagalobelad saekles[iod] TKnier fsalmunTa wignisa, v[iTar]-ese aw sacnaur hyof[en] eklesiani sapatriaq[oni] da yovelTa didTa deda-qalaq[Tani], egreTve arca ras sx[uasa] metyuelebdes saekles[iosa] winamZRuarni eklesia(Tani], aramed romelsaca fsalmunsa zeda dae[mTxK]is eklesiad SeslvaY [wmidaTa] maT mamaTaY, igica gam[ou]Targmanian ersa _ viTar-[igi] viswavebT wmidisa basi[lis] mier adgil-adgil Targma[nebu] lTa maT fsalmunTa. mier, viTarmed, [sa]daca romelsaca fsalmunsa zeda da[em]TxKa eklesiad Sesl[vaY] misi, igi(ca ga)mouTar[gmnis] ersa. amis(TKs)ca y[ovelni fsalmunni], adgil-adgil Targman[ebu]lni da erTad wignad [Sek]rebulni enasa ber[Zen]Tasa, unaklulod [iTarg]mnes enasa (a) [mas Guensa] wmidisa da netarisa m[amisa] efTKm(es) mier. da [wmidisa basilis] mier Targmanebul[i sxuaY] ara ars, TKnier misa, romeli-igi moguaniW(a Guen) [wmidaman efTKme] / [sixarulisa sexneman] yovelTa TargmanTa [mama]man da w[yaro]man mety[uel]ebisaman. [xolo sruleb]iT mTargmnelni fsalmunTa [wig]nisani ese arian: aTanasis [vity]K da kKriles, romelTa-igi a[r]a erTiTa, aramed or-oriTa [Tar]gmniTa uTargmnia yoveli mu[Pli] [daviTis]aY: erTi igi Semok[lebul]ad da litonad _ ma[r]tivTaTKs da litonTa, da meore igi uvrcelesad da u[R]rme(sa)d _ gamomeZiebelTa[TKs] da [gulis]Pmis-myofelTa. arian kualad sxuanica mTargmnelni [daviTi]sani: evsuqi xucesi ierusalemeli da asteri episko[po]si amasieli. kualad guasmi[es] vieTganme, viTarmed ovane oq[rop] irisaca mier Targmnil ars [daviTi s]rulebiT, garna ara [srulad ipo]ebis yoveli, aramed `Wiris ka[noniTgan~ dawy]ebuli da vidre [ ... ... ]mde miyvaneb[uli... ] rod aqus [wmidaTa eklesi]aTa. arian u[kue sxua]nica umravlesni [pirvel moPsen] - 175 - ebulTasa mTar[gmnelni daviTi]sani, ara ueWu[lni, aramed friadc]a saeWuelni. da [maTTKs esreT vT]qua, viTarmed yovlad ue[Wueln]i uRmrToebisa[TK]s da [ ... . lni wv]alebisaTKs [ ... ... Targman]ebani Zue[lisa sjulisani] friad (Rrm)a arian [ZaliTa da a]misTKsca Sewyna[rebul aria]n berZenTa na[TesavTa]gan, viTarca pirvel wva[leb ... ]sa aRweri[lni igi Tavisu]falni [ ... ... . ]a Gemda [ ... ... . ka]drebisa [ ... . . uxil]avi [ ... ... ... ... . ](maT mier aR)werili igi TargmanebaY wignisa mis fsalmunTaYsaY, viTarmca wignebsa Tana wmidaTasa SevaerTe wignebi maTi, romelni-igi arianozTa da originianTa Tana SeiGuenebian. da berZenTasa mas Sewynarebasa maTisa mis wignisasa maqebelve var, rameTu maT Zal-uc wamlianTaganca mPecTa SemzadebaY wamlisa sakurnebelisaY. da romelni-igi esoden srul arian sibrZniTa, romel warmarTTa mekerpeTa sibrZnesa warmostyuenven simdidred eklesiisa, raY sakKrvel ars, ukueTu mwvalebelTaYca raYme keTilad aRwerili Zalad gulisPmisyofisaY iPumion? da Guensa arave mZagebel var krZalulebasa, rameTu `uZlurni mwvalebelTa Tana nu Wameno~, _ ityKs werili, _ xolo ukueTu vieTnime Zlier iyvnen, sadidebelad RmrTisa mividodeno~, _ amasca SesZinebs, da keTil! keTil, rameTu mislvaYca da ara-mislvaYca wamebiTa wmidaTaYTa ars da ara TKT-SjulobiT, arca uwamebelad. `garna me, ara Tumca sxuaTa gangdebulTasa, aramed vercaRa Tevdoritessa mas `Targmansa daviTisasa~ Peli Sevyav mciredisa misTKs sityKs-gebisa, romeli iqmna reca wina-aRdgomiT Soris missa da wmidisa kKrilessa, romeli-igi ukuanaYsknel daiPsna da uGino iqmna, raJams Tevdorites mierve SeiGuennes aTormetni igi Tavni, romel a[Re]wernes mas wina-aRsadgomelad RmerT-Semosilisa kKrile(ssa). da Tevdorite yovlisave / berZenTa naTesavisa mier mamad marTlmadideblobisa Seracxil ars, viTarca saxelovani mTargmnelobiTa yovelTave Zuelisa Sjulisa wignTaYTa da yovliT kerZo Tana-Semwe marTlmadidebelTaY - 176 - garna me egreTca vhrideve da aRKr-vasxen gulissityuasa Taflebr damatkbobelisa misgan gonebaTaYsa `fsalmunTa Targmnisa~ misisa da kma-viyven mciredni ese da Semoklebulni Targmanni ueWuelobisaTKs da Rirsebisa saxelovanTa maT TargmanTaYsa. da romeli oden vpove marTmadidebelTa mier Targmanebuli sityuaY daviTisi, yovelive erTad wignad Sevkribe. rameTu raodennica iyvnes wignis-sacavsa sKmeonwmidisasa `Targmanni daviTisani~, yovelnive dedad mqondes da friadiTa SromiTa maT yovelTagan erTad SevaerTe, romeli oden ipoeboda maT Sina marTlmadidebelTa mier Targmanebuli. rameTu sxuad wignad maqunda aTanasesi da sxuad kKrilesi, ornive srulebiTni da SemoklebiTni `Targmanni daviTisani~, da kualad sxuani wignni orni, romelni yovelTave `daviTisa TargmanTagan~ erTad Semokrebul iyvnes srulebiTni da ganvrcelebiTni `Targmanni daviTisani~ da (m)aT Sina adgil-adgil mepoeboda uvrcelesebi igi Targmanebi aTanasesi da kKrilesi da kualad adgil-adgil evsu[qisi da asterisi. da] amaT[gan kide sxuani Targmanni] ver [vpoven. da raYTa arRara] friad ganvagrZo sityuaY (e)[se... ... e]bisaY, romeli oden mepova marTlmadidebelTa mamaTaY, [TK]nier Tevdoritessa, arca erTi sxuaY damigdia. xolo vinaYTgan mraval arian wignni wmidaTa miwamebulni da ara-wmidaTa mier mopovnebulni, romelTa esreT ganarGeven moZRvarni wignebisani, viTarca [na]Telsa wina-aRmdgomisasa naTlisagan RmrTisa mierisa, amisTsca, locvasave da madlsa Tana utyuTa aRmatyuebelisa mis Gemisasa, ese iyo mcnebaY misi, (raYTa) [a]raraYsa Pelvyo Targmnad pirvel gamowulilvi[sa da ga]mokiTxvisa mec(nie)[rTa] da Sewynareb(u)lisa sityKs-g(e)bisa da wignTa did[ad saP]marebelTaYsa. [rameTu vidre dRe]samomde wyalobiTa [da Sewe]vniTa RmrTisaYTa ara p[ovnil] ars GuenTa naTesavTa [mier] aRweraY mrudi(sa raYs)m[e] anu cTomili(saY, aramed) [cTo]milebani igi romel[Tame mra] valTaTvisa sakiTxa(vTa)ni berZulisagan(ve) [Targ]manebul arian gamo[uwu]lilvelad da aRtac[ebulad] TargmnTa Zuel(Ta Ta)[arg]manTaYTa, (rome)lTa-igi [SeemT]xKa - 177 - aRmo(sxmas)a T(ana) aR[ ... ... ]sasa Tana-aR[ ... ... . ]rebisaY. xolo (kualad es)eca [sacna]ur iyavn, [viTarmed] u[ ] / [... ... ] da [... . . ] (d)a (Seatyueb)des [... ... . ] (Semok)rebu(lsa) `Ta[rgmans]a daviTisasa~ (v)hgoneb viTarmed erTsa wignsa Sina ver miem(Tx)uevis yovelsave unaklu(l)od. rameTu me kualTa wmidisa mis mamisa da moZRurisa Gemisa giorgi mTawmidelisaTa Seudeg, romlisaY-igi saTueoY sagalobeli ara erTisa, aramed mravalTa dedaTagan erTad Sekrebul ars da erTsa wignsa Sina berZulad ara romelsa ipoebis egodeni sagalobeli. egreTve Gueni ese `TargmanebaY daviTisaY~ erTisa misgan xolo gankrZalul ars, raYTa gareSeTa TargmanTaY araraY SemoiRos, [viTarca] gankueTilTaY wvalebisaTKs. xolo aTanasesi da kKrilesi, (evs) uqisi da asterisi ara (xolo `daviTisa Ta)rgmanTagani~, aramed [sxuaTa Targman]Taganca maTTa, ad[gi]l-[ad](gil), sadaca povnil ars daviTis sityuaTa Zali, yovelive Semokrebulad vpove orTa maT wignTa Sina, romelni-igi yovelTave `daviTisa TargmanTagan~ Semokrebul iyvnes msgavsad saxarebaTa maT SemkobilTa didisa xuTSabaTisaTa. amisTKsca odesme iSKT daemTxuevis RmrTismetyuelisaYca da noselisaYca da sxuaTaca vieTme sakiTxavTa Sina ganmartebuli muPli da aqa ganwyobilsa Tana adgilsa TKssa dawe(sebuli da) viTarca umdidresiTa (madliTa RmrTisa)YTa aRsavse arian s[ityuani] ese yovlad brZnisa [amis] daviT winaYswarmetyuelisani, egreTve umdidres sxuaTa sawinaYswarmetyueloTa ars TiTo-ferebaY igi samoselTa Targmanebisa misisaTaY, rameTu eseviTari samkauli Suenoda guamsa RmrTiv-aRZrulTa amaT sityuaTa misTasa, raYTa Seimosos Zoweuli bisonsa Tana da porfiri mewamulsa Tana. da ese ars mizezi romelTame muPlTa Semoklebulad Targmnisa da romelTame uvrcelesadre. rameTu, sadaigi mokled da litonad Targmnilisa misgan oden ipova Targmani, eseviTari igi muPli SemoklebiTiTa TargmniTa daiwera. xolo, romelTa muPlTaTKs [Se]moklebiTTa TargmanTa zeda dasarTvelad guepova ganvcelebulisa - 178 - misgani, anu sakiTxavTa Sina povnili _ anu evsuqisi gina asterisi- eseviTarisa mis muPlisa Targmani mcired ganvrcna. da aw ars Guensa amas `daviTisa Targmansa~ Sina SemoklebiTi igi Targmanebi muPlTaY aTanasesi da kKrilesi yoveli unaklulod, xolo ganvrcelebiTTa maT TargmanTa maTTagani da evsuqisi da asterisi adgil-adgil oden, rameTu amaTni dedani srulebiT ver vipoven. da ese aqamomde iyavn, raYTa Guen viwyoT sityuad, Tu viTar jer-ars PmarebaY Zalsa amaT TargmanTasa, anu Tu viTar gulisPmis-yofaY odesme msgavsebasa da odesme reca winaaRmdgomad sagonebe[lo]basa maTsa. amaT Semdgomad [ ... ]bulTa msgavsebaY / da ara-msgavsebaY ganguemartebis Tana-Setyuebisagan oTxTa wmidaTa saxarebaTaYsa, viTarigi mun misve da erTisa qristes saqmeTa warmoTqumisaTKs odesme SeierTebis da odesme mcired reca ganiyofebis sityuaY wmidaTa maxarebelTaY, da arca ganyofa igi maTi ganwvalebasa iqms, viTarmca wina-aRudgebodes urTierTas, arca SeerTebaY maTi Serwyumasa hyofs, viTarmca urTierTasa ivasxebdes sityuaTa maT. aramed ganyofilobad saeWuelobaY igi maTi ueWuel ars erTobisaTKs, da zogebiT metyuelebaY arave sauWuel ars, viTarmed misve da erTisa sulisagan metyuelebdes da ara Tu sxuaY sxKsagan rasme moxueWiT moipoebdes. egreTve aqa Targmannica ese daviTisani: ara xolo Guenni, aramed gareSenica mraval gzis GuenTa amaT mier Targmanebulsa miemsgavsebian: rameTu umravlesTa adgilTa, raJams warikiTxo wmidisa basilis mier aRwerili Targmani muPlisaY, yovliTurT TanaSeetyuebis missa mas evsevisica pamfilesisaY da egreTve odesme, raY-igi Zali aqun Targmansa aTanase RmerT-Semosilisasa, igive Zali aqundis oroginessa mas yovlad SecTomilisasa. amisTKsca msgavsebisa amisgan sityuaTaYsa [. ] d numca vis hgonies, Tu [wmidasa mamas]a sxKsa uvasxebi[es bil]wTa ara-wmidaTagan, an(u) [... ... ... ... . ]s(W)er [... ... ... . ] erT [ ... ... . . ]ben wmidani (e) [... . ] SeierTebian msgavsebiTa oTxTa maxarebelTaYTa da odesme kualad ganiyof(ebi)an midevnebiTa kualTa maTTaYTa, ara wina-aRudgebian urTierTas, ara, aramed romelime ganmartebiT Targmnis mu- 179 - Plsa da romelime saxis-metyuelebiT. da ara xolo orni, (anu) organ, aramed TKT igive erT da erTsa Sina adgilsa ganhmartebsca da saxis-metyuelebsca masve da erTsa muPlsa. da iqmnen misve da erTisa sulisagan mom(Rebelni) sityKsani. sulsa vit[yK wmidasa], romlisa mofenaman meTevzurni mTrval sagonebel yvna. xolo eseca cxad ars, viTarmed uzeSTaes ars ganmartebiT TargmnaY saxis-metyuelebiT Targmnisasa: rameTu yovelsave muPlsa saxis-metyueleba SesaZlebel ars ara erT saxed oden, aramed mraval saxedca, xolo [igi]ve ganmartebaY ara xolo S[u]Zlebel ars, aramed sacTurebaYca. viTar-igi arian (RmrTi)saTKs Tqumulni: daZinebaY da ganRKZebaY, jdomaY da (aRdgo)maY, risxvaY da (gulis w)yromaY, daviwyebaY da moPsenebaY _ ese yovelni [v]neb[a]ni arian ... ... . . []a [... ... . dida... . ]Ta) bu[n]eboani (x)[ ... ] univTo ars da uvnebel da uqcevel yovelsa Sina. da kualad, gesmodin raY Pel(n)i da ferPni RmrTisani, Tualni da guli, uwyode, viTarmed amissaca gulisPmisyofasa saxis-metyuelebaY uPms da ara ganmartebaY, vinaYTgan araraY PorcielTa da zrqelTagani ipoebis uPorcosa mas Tana da uxilavsa. xolo Tu viTar saxis-metyueleben sityuaTa amaT wmidani ese mamani mTargmnelni daviTisani, ese adgil-adgil mimoganfenil ars wignsa amas Sina da Znel sapovnelad. amisTKsca mciredi mravlisagan erTad Semokrebul iqmna gamomeZiebel[TaTKs] da wina-Sesavalsa a[mis] wignisa Guenisasa daewer[a], ara litonad, arca u[rTi]erTas aRreulad, [aramed as]oTa zeda anbnisaTa ganwyobilad da gankargulad, raYTa marjue da advil iyvnen sapovnelad meZiebelTaTKs. vinaYca Sen, qristes moyuareo, eZiebde Tu amas (gu) ls-modginebiT, mecnier (iq)mne da scna GuenTKs, viTarmed misve (TiPis)agan vmekeceobT da amaTve wignTa mier miRebuliTa ZaliTa ganvaZlierebT uZlurebasa sityKsa Guenisasa, da ara TaviT TKsiT movipovebT Targmanebasa (ma)R(a) l(T)a a(maT) sityuaTasa, aramed aTanases mier da kKriles, evsuqis da asteris adgil-adgil aRmocenebulTa yuavil- 180 - Ta erTad golad sitkboebisa daviunjebT. da amas ara srulebiT da unaklulod, aramed zogebiT da moklebiT wina-giyofT Tquen, raYTa knin odeniTa gemoYs-xilviTa giGuenoT gemoY mdinarisa didisa da mcirisa mier fesKsa gangicxadoT yoveli qsovilebaY samoslisaY da esreT viwyoT sityuad SewevniTa RmrTisa yovlad Zlierisa mamisa da Zisa da sulis wmidisaYTa. adgil RmrTisa odesme caY iTqumis, da odesme eklesiaY, da odesme qalwuli, da odesme guami kacad-kacadisaY, gina Tu yovelive, romelsaca zeda ganisuenos nebaman RmrTisaman. rameTu amaT yovelTa mier cxad ars, viTarmed arca erTisa adgilisa mier gare-Secvul ars igi, aramed yovelive mas mxolosa Seucavs. xolo ese yovelni sxuebr da sxuebr gulisPma-iyofebian adgilad RmrTisa: caY _ simaRlisaTKs RmrTeebisa misisa, rameTu araraY epoebis sxuaY gonebasa kacTasa umaRlesi adgili ufroYs caTa. amisTKsca casa saydar misa uwodian da queyanasa kuarcxbek. da ese yoveli mopovnebiT da saxis-metyuelebiT, raYTa gamoaGinos simaRle R[mrTe]ebisa misisaY. xolo qalwul[sa] /ewodebis adgil damtevnel meufebisa misisa, rameTu yovliTurT d(ai)-mkKdra mis Tana sityuaman RmrTisa mamisaman da ganPorcielda misgan, xolo eklesiaY _ saidumloTa maTTKs, romelni mas Sina aResrulebian, xolo guami kacad-kacadisaY _ sityKsa misTKs, viTarmed: “me da mamaY movideT da mis Tana savane vyoT~. aRdgoma RmrTisa ars, raJams aGuenos Guen zeda Zali qvelismoqmedebaTa gina mtanjvelobaTa TKsTaY. vinaYTgan, sityKsaebr didisa mis RmrTis-metyuelisa, ara Tu msgavsebisagan bunebiTisa, aramed saqmeTagan, romelni arian garemoYs missa, sacnaur iqmnebis Guenda RmerTi. da kualad aRdgoma ars ganPorcielebaY Zisa RmrTisaY, romlisa ara-dayovnebad moqene iyvnes winaYswarmetyuelni. aRmsToba RmrTisa or-saxe ars: romeli-igi iTqumis gina Tu SecvalebisaTKs miSuebaTa da sul-grZelebaTaYsa da ara-dayovnebisaTKs pati[J]Ta, gina pativTa kacad-kacadisaTa, anu Tu orTa maTTKs moslvaTa qristesTa, pirve- 181 - lisa da ukuanaYsknelisa. amaRleba misa iTqumis Semdgomad queyanad moslvisa zecad amaRlebaY da kualad amaRleba RmrTisa ars dRiTi-dRediTa moqmedebiTa saswaulTaYTa warmarTTa Soris Zali [sul]isa misisa[Y... ... ]. alag RmrTisa (arian) [brZane]bani misni, romelTa (m) [orGile]bad awuevT yovelTa. argan RmrTisa ars SewevnaY nugeSis-cemiTi, gina Tu swavlaY tanjviTi. aGrdil RmrTisa ars gina Tu Zueli igi Sjuli aw[in] delsa amas Tana, anu Tu awindeli ese madli me[r]mesa mas usrulessa cnobasa Tana. asul misa arian sulni wmidaTani. aRTquma RmrTisa saxel-edebis Zu[e]lsa da axalsa. aRmosaval RmrTisa ars zeSTa aR[ma]tebuli igi simaRle RmrTe[ebi]sa misisaY. aRmoTquma [mami]sa ars uvnebelad [da] uJamod SobaY TanadausabamoYsa ZisaY. brwyinvaleba mamisa a[rs] Ze mxolodSobili, xolo [brwyi]nvaleba Zisa ar(ian) brwyinvalebani meoreni _ sulni angelozTa da wmidaTani. bnel RmrTisa ars [... . ]baY igi arseb [... ], romeliigi nebsiT [... ] (Zu)elad [... ... ... . ] melobisa [... ... ... . ] dis missa. bage mamisa [ars] Ze da suli, romelTa [mier uxi] lavad (zraxavs gulTa) Sina wmidaTasa. b[eW]T-saSua[l] RmrTisa ars dasasruli [Zuelisa] SjulisaY da dawyebaY axlisaY. [... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . . ... ... ... . . ] elva RmrTisa ars moswrafed movlinebaY Zalsa sakKrvelebaTa da SewevnaTa misTasa, romeli-igi meysa Sina qmniTa ganmanaTlebelca ars da SemaZrwunebelca. etl RmrTisa arian saydar wodebulni igi Zalni angelozTani da yovelni, romelTa zeda ganisuenebs nebaY misi da yovelni, romelTa zena aGuenebs sakKrvelebaTa TKsTa; rameTu TKT bunebiT uxilav ars moqmedi igi sakKrvelebaTaY RmerTi. aramed maT zeda, romelTa zeda gani- 182 - suenebdes nebaY misi da romelTa mier iqmodes ZalTa da sakKrvelebaTa, viTarca meufe saydarTa zeda mjdomared ixilvebis. da kualad wmidaTa maxarebelTa da mociqulTaca uwodian etl misa, da maT zeda aRmaRlda qadagebaY saxarebisaY, viTarca etlsa zeda mzis-Tualisasa. ezod Semwynarebelad RmrTisa mimarT saTnoebaTa saxel-edebis, romelTa moqmedebiTa Sevals kaci uzeSTaessa mas sazomsa xilvisa RmrTisasa, vidre igi ars saqmiTi xedvad. vecxl gamoPurvebul RmrTisa ars SKd wil ganwmedilebaY igi sityuaTa misTaY, romelni Guenda sarwmunoebiT Sewynarebad brZanebul arian. rameTu WeSmaritad arRara ars iWK maT Sina, romelni-igi ufalman ganikuTnnes da gamocadnes ufroYs oqroYsa rGeulisa. da yovelive igi ricxK mcnebaTa GuenTa brZanebulTaY SKd wil uwmides ars vecxlsa mas, romlisaTKs ityKan, viTarmed SKd gzis gandnobiTa brZmedisa xolo da ufroYs Tovlisa ganspetaknebis. zraxva uflisa ars ucvalebelobaY da simtkice sasjelTa misTa Tual-uxuaobisaY, romliTa marTalTa adidebs, xolo codvilTa stanjavs. zraxva uflisa orsaxe ars: gina Tu TKT igi ganizraxvides cxorebasa Guensa, gina Tu raJams ezraxebodes kacTa piriTa wmidaTa misTaYTa, rameTu gulsa Sina wmidaTa misTasa igi Tavadi zraxavs uxilavad. da kualad Guen Sorisca orni zraxvani iqmnebian RmrTisa mimarT: gina Tu wurTiTa sityuaTa misTaYTa, anu Tu sxuaTa mimarT miTxrobiTa samarTalTa misTaYTa, da ufroYsRa samaradisoYTa locviTa da vedrebiTa misa mimarT, rameTu yovelive, raodeni aRmoiTqumodis Guen mier saRmrTod da wesierad, _ gina Tu swavlaY, gina Tu locvaY, _ yovelsave RmerTi zraxavs Guen Soris. vinaYTgan vervis Pel-ewifebis Tqumad ufali iesu, garna suliTa wmidiTa. rameTu raYmca vicodeT, viTarigi jer-ars, ara viciT, ara Tu man Tavadman maswaos Guen, romeli-igi meox ars GuenTKs sulTqumiTa miT usityueliTa. Tav qristesa ars RmerTi mamaY, romelsa-igi samar- 183 - Tlad uwodian Tav, viTarca mSobelsa Zisasa da gamomavlinebelsa sulisa wmidisasa. Tav eklesiisa ars qriste, viTarca Tavsa TKssa damomkidebeli yovlisave asoebisaY, romel ars saxeliTa misiTa wodebuli savsebaY eklesiisaY da simravle erTa morwmuneTaY. Tual RmrTisa arian romelTad suli [... ] romelTa Soris viTarca orTa naTelTa icnobebis RmerTi mamaY gamomavlinebeli naTelTaY. da kualad Tualad RmrTisa iTqumis Zali yovelTa mxedvelobisaY, rameTu igi _ viTarca mxedveli yovelTaY. Tquma RmrTisa ars ucilebeli igi ganGinebaY msjavrTa misTa uqcevelobisaY. Tqumul RmrTisa arian yovelni sityuani RmrTivsulierTa wignTani. isar RmerTisa arian mociqulni misni, xolo isar lesul _ sityuani misni. kualad isar wodebul saTnoebiTni moRuawebani, romliTa maradis ganhgumers RmerTi simarTliTa usamarTloebasa, siwmidiTa _ ara-wmidebasa, gonierebiTa _ ugunurebasa da sibrZniTa _ umecrebasa. isar rGeul arian SiSni satanjvelTani. isar mamisa ars Ze da isar Zisa _ wmidani misni. kuerTx RmrTisa ewodebis odesme guemasa, romelsa moawevs gansaswavlelad ugunurTa, da odesme _ nugeSiscemasa, romelsa moavlinebs gansaZlierebelad uZlurTa. da kualad, amaT yovelTagan kide kuerTx ewodebis Zelsa saufloYsa juarisasa, romeli miiRo saswaulad mTavrobisa, gan-raY-vidoda wyobad mTavrobaTa da PelmwifebaTa bnelisaTa. kar Semyvanebel mamisa mimarT ars Ze mxolod-Sobili da igive ars klde, sityKsaebr mociqulisa. karav RmrTisa ars warmarTebaY mcnebaTa misTaY, xolo dafarul karvisa _ srulebaY maT Sina. da kualad - 184 - karav RmrTisa ars wmidaY eklesiaY, romeli- ese saxed zecisaTa maT aRSenebul ars. kuaml RmrTisa ars risxvaY misi, romelsa mihfens usjuloTa zeda, rameTu maradis kuamli risxvisa gamomsaxvel ars da cremlisa TualTagan maGinebel ars. maRlad moqceva RmrTisa ars yoveli saqme, romliTa ganacxados ufskrulTa Sina miuwTomelobisaTa dafaruli RmrTeebaY misi. da kualad TKsagan maRlad moqcevaY iyo juarad aRslvaY mxolod SobilisaY da kualad usrulesi-re maRlad moqcevaY ars, odes daisxnes mterni misni queSe ferPTa misTa. marjuene da mklav mamisa da macxovareba misa Ze saxel-debul ars. mTad RmrTisa wmidaY qalwuli mariam wodebul ars. da kualad mTad saxel-edebis odesme ZalTa angelozebrTa, da odesme _ sulebsa wmidaTasa, mTa winaaRmdgom RmrTisa arian ara-wmidani igi Zalni eSmakTani. msxuerpl RmrTisa ars wmidaY Sesawiravi. da kualad msxuerpl ewodebis sulsa Semusrvilsa da gonebasa mdabalsa. maxlobeloba RmrTisa ars saTnoebaTa mier saqmiT sakuTrebaY da xedvaTa mier gonebisaTa miaxlebaY. moxedvaY RmrTisaY orTa mizezTaTKs iqmnebis: odesme zarisa da SeZrwunebisaTKs da odesme _ (w)yalobisa da sitkboebisaTKs. miqceva misa iTqumis, raJams Guen codviTa GueniTa gare-mivaqcioT da ganviSoroT igi, xolo moqceva misa, raJams kualad sinanuliT SevrdomiTa wyalobad movaqcioT igi. maxKl RmrTisa ars mkueTelobaY igi sityKsaY, romliTa gKbrZanebs m(ok)ueTad asoYsa macTuneblisa, raYTa ara miTurT davisajneT geheniasa Sina. mogoneba RmrTisa ars, raJams mraval Jam miSuebiTa Seuracxqmnili saqme ganhmarTos da cvalos gina Tu tanjvaY gansuenebad, anu gansunebaY tanjvad. moslva Zisa ewodebis pirvelsa da ukanaYsknelsa, - 185 - yofilsa da yofadsa [mo]slvasa qristessa, xolo dRiTidRedi moslvaY RmrTisaY ars pirad-piradi gangebaY da pyrobaY dabadebulTa saqmisaY. meufeba RmrTisa ars bunebiTi igi pirvel saukuneTa flobaY da zogadi erT-mTavrobaY wmidisa samebisaY, xolo meufeba Zisa ars Semdgomad warmarTTa moqcevisa qmnili igi yovelTa TeslTa zeda gansuenebaY nebisa misisaY, xolo meufe ZalTa cisaTa odesme zogad samTaTKsve iTqumis da odesme TKsagan ZisaTKs da sulisa. mfrinvel RmrTisa arian sulni zecisasa mzraxvalni. mdinare RmrTisa ars qadagebaY saxarebisaY, romeligi oTxad Tavad ganyofiTa momrwyvel ars queyanisa, raYTa yovliTurT msgavs iyos samoTxiT gamomavlobasa da oTxTa mdinareTasa. da kualad TKsagan gankuTnvil (mdinare) ewodebis madlTa sulisaTa. mSKld RmrTisa ewodebis S[i]Ssa [t]anjvaTasa, romeli-igi gardaecumis awindelsa amas sawuTrosa, xolo swylavs mermesa mas saukunesa. mcneba RmrTisa ars swavlaY mcnebaTa saxarebisaTaY, romeli friad aRematebis Sjuliersa mas aT-ricxuedsa mwyobrsa (m)cnebaTasa. naTel saxel-edebis zogad brwyinvaleba/sa mas erT-RmrTeebisasa. da kualad Ze naTel ars mamisa, da egreTve suli naTel gamomavlinebelisa mis naTelTaYsa. neba mamisa ars Ze, xolo neba Zisa ars cxovrebaY kacTaY. nad[ir] RmrTisa arian wmidani misni, romelni-igi mTaTa zeda saRmrToTa werilTasa mimoicvalebian da simaRlesa zeda gulisPmis-yofisasa ZaliTi-Zalad vlenan saqmiTi xedvad da gulisPmis-yofiTi _ saTnoebad. ufali ZalTaY uflad mPedrobaTa saxel-idebis, raJams gesm[a]s `ufali sabaoT~, rameTu “sabaoT” mPedrobaTad gamoiTargmane[b]is enisagan ebraelTaYs[a]. da kualad ufal ZalTa da ufal mtkice ars Ze, romlisa-igi - 186 - brZolani da Zlevani maSin gancxadnes, raJams igi GueniTave amiT bunebiTa ewyo da dasca mbrZoli igi bunebisa GuenisaY. p(ir) RmrTisa Ze saxel-idebis. amisTKsca xat guamovnebis(a) uwod[ian]. xolo xilva pirsa RmrTisa (ars) mermisa mis saukunoYsa(Y) igi usrulesi cnobaY RmrTisaY, romeli-igi miemadlebis TiT(o)eulsa msgavsad aqaYTve ganwmedilebisa gulTa da gonebaTaYsa. risxva RmrTisa iTqumis ara kacobrivi saxe vnebulebisaY, arca aRduRebiTa sisxlisaYTa qmnili ganZKnebaY mrisxanebisaY, aramed marTl-msajulebiTi igi miPdaY patiJisaY, rameTu ara xolo RmerTi yovelsave Sina uvnebeli, aramed Porcielnica ese da vnebulni kacni, aRsrulni pativsa mTavrobisa gina msajulebisasa, ara mrisxanebiT swavlian RirsTa maT tanjvisaTa, aramed aRsrulebisaTKs wesTa da SjulTa msoflioTa moaweven patiJsa RirsTa maT zeda patiJisaTa. rqa cxovrebis uwodian ufalsa Guensa iesu qristesa, romlisaTKs zaqaria ityKs: ”aRmidgina Guen rqaY cxovrebisaY” . rameTu viTar-igi rqaY Tavisagan aRmoecenebis, egreTve/ qriste TavTa maT mamaT-mTavarTa Teslisagan ganPorcielda. da kualad, rameTu rqaY gamomsaxveli ars meufebisaY, ara xolo amiT, romel rqisaganiTa sacxebeliTa icxebodes mRvdelni da mefeni, aramed kualad amiTca, rameTu viTarca-igi rqaY zeda kerZo Tavisa aRmocenebiTa wina-mbrZol da mfarvel ars yovlisa guamisa, egreTve SewevnaY RmrTisaY zeda kerZo yovelTa ganfenil ars da scavs yovelTa asoTa kacad-kacadisa guamebisaTa. rameTu yovelni erT guam da urTierTas asoeb varT damokidebiTa Tavisa mis yovelTaYsa qristesiTa, romlisagan yoveli guami Senawevrebul da Semtkicebul ars. sakurTxevel RmrTisa ars ara xolo queyanisaY ese mimsgavsebuli zecisaTa maT, aramed gonebaYca ganwmedili yovelTa vnebaTagan. sacxebel sixarulisa uwodian sulsa wmidasa, romlisa mier ecxo PorcTa qristesTa da ufroYsRa RmrTeebaman scxo kacebasa. - 187 - sityua RmrTisa mamisa uwodian Zesa mxolod-Sobilsa, xolo sul pirisa misisa _ sulsa yovlad wmidasa. rameTu amaT saxelTa mier mravalTa adgilTa gKqadagebs winaYswarmetyueli daviT sam-guamovnebasa erTarsisa wmidisa samebisasa, romeli maSin sadme friad da esoden dafarul iyo kacTa naTesavisagan, raoden aw gancxadebul ars mravalTa pirTa mieriTa qadagebiTa. swavla uflisa ars odesme sityuaY mxilebisaY, damayenebeli borotTaY, da odesme tanjvaY wurTilebisaY, momaqceveli ugunurTaY. saydar RmrTisa arian Zalni angelozebrni da yovelni sulni, romelTa zeda ganisuenebs nebaY misi. siav RmrTisa ars wmidaY igi embazi naTlis-RebisaY. siwmide TKT bunebiT saxeli ars RmrTisaY, romeli-igi ars yovelTa mimcemeli siwmidisaY, da egreTve saTnoebaY yovlisave Tana mwyobrisa keTilTa misTaYsa mis mxoloYsa oden TKs da sakuTar ars bunebiT dambadeblisa da mpyrobelisa yovelTaYsa. xolo dabadebulTa yovelTa miniWebiT miemadlebis misgan sazomisaebr da moswrafebisa TiToeulisa gulTa da gonebaTaYsa, gina Tu saqme saTnoebisaY, gina Tu saxelis-debaY raYsaca keTilganisaY. amisTKsca man Tavadman Tqua: ”aravin arso saxier, garna mxoloY RmerTi” . vinaYca amiT ganacxada, viTarmed eseviTarni saxelni moniWebiTa mis mieriTa guewodebian da ara Tu/sakuTrebiTa bunebiTiTa. slva RmrTisa arian gangebulebani gankacebisa misisani. samoTxe RmrTisa da sasufevel zecisa arian savaneni saukuneni. sasumel uflisa ars sikudili kacTaY RmrTismsaxurebisaTKs. da kualad sasumel ganzavebul ewodebis TqumaTa da aRTqumaTa, SiSsa geheniisasa da survilsa sasufevlisasa. saxel RmrTisa mravali raY povnil ars wmidaTa werilTa Sina, xolo sityKsaebr didisa mis RmrTis-metyue- 188 - lisa, umaxlobeles maT yovelTasa ars arsi da RmerTi, romeli-ese ara sxKsa visgan, aramed TKT mis Tavadisagan eswava winaswarmetyuelTa da mamaTmTavarTa. sicili RmrTisaY esreT gulisPma-iyofebis, viTarmed igi Tavadi sacinel hyofs eSmaksa, raJams-igi ecinodes ara raYT sxKTa, garna micemiTa samRerelad wmidaTa misTa. amisaTKsca ara Tqua winaswarmetyuelman, viTarmed “ecinoda”, aramed “ecinodiso”. rameTu wmidaTa misTa mier qmnili yoveli TKsad Seuracxies, xolo wmidani maSin ecinian/ RmrTisa mier sacinelad micemulsa mas maTda, raJams ixilon igi mTxreblsave TKssa STavrdomilad, maxiTa TKsiTa Sepyrobilad da maxKliTave TKsTa gangumerilad. smena RmrTisa uwodian, raJams mowyalebiT jer-iGinos umjobesad cvalebaY TxovaTa GuenTaY, rameTu ara-smena misa ese iTqumis, raJams ara sarwmunoebiT viTxovdeT, anu ara umjobessa Guensa viTxovdeT. amisTKs uZlurebaY kacobrivisa sityKsaY smenad uwess aRsrulebasa da arasmenad saxel-sdebs aRsrulebelobasa TxovaTa GuenTasa. taZar uflisa ars Sesakrebeli eklesiisa marTmadidebelTaYsaY, anu caY, anu gonebaY wmidaY, anu qalwuli, anu Porcni saufloni, anu guami kacad-kacadisaY, metyuelisa misebr, romeli guetyKs, viTarmed: “Tquen taZarni RmrTisa cxovelisani xarT sulisa misgan, romeli mkKdr ars Tquen Tana”. ferP RmrTisa ars Guen mdabalTamde mowevnaY gangebulebisa misisaY, romel-igi maRal ars bunebiTiTa miT simaRliTa RmrTeebisa TKsisaYTa, xolo moiwevis Guenisamdeca simdablisa kacTmoyuarebiTa wyalobisa TKsisaYTa. amisaTKsca casa saydar misa uwodian, zeSTa aRmatebulisa misTKs RmrTeebisa misisa, xolo queyanasa _ kuarcxlbek, Guen mdabalTamde mowevisaTKs gangebulebaTa misTaYsa. da kualad ferP misa ars simtkice da SeuryevlobaY saSjelTa misTa uqcevelobisaY, romelTa zeda mtkice ars da arca erTsa ras dautevebs TKnier gangebisa. frTe RmrTisa arian orni igi aRTqumani Zuelisa da axlisa Sjulisani, romelTa mier gufaravs viTarca - 189 - mfrinveli marTueTa da romelTa Soris igi Tavadi dadga dasrulebasa oden Zuelisa Sjulisasa da dawyebasa axlisa madlisasa. da kualad frTe misa arian saTnoebaY da sibrZne, gina Tu saqme da xedvaY. far RmrTisa iTqumis GueulobiTa kacobrivisa sityKsaYTa guls-modginebiT GuenebaY Tana-mbrZolobisaY, xolo mas yovladve far ara ePmarebis, romlisaY mogonebaY oden saqme ars aRsrulebuli da moqmedebaY misi ara odes daecadebis. quxil RmrTisa sacnaur ars qadagebaY ZeTa maT quxilsaTaY. qar RmrTisa ars moswrafebiT da maliad saxilvel yofaY moqmedebaTa da SewevnaTa misTaY, romelni-igi arawmidebasa soflisasa mtuerebr ganmaqrevel, xolo zrqelsa mas arm/ursa da gonebaTasa kuamlebr ganmabnevel eqmnebian da bzesa vnebaTasa ganarGeven ifqlisagan saTnoebaTaYsa. qalaq RmrTisa ewodebis pirmSosa mas eklesiasa zecisa ierusalemisasa da kualad qalaq meufisa didisa ars yovlad wmidaY qalwuli RmrTismSobeli. qeba RmrTisa ars simravle keTilTa saqmeTa GuenTaY, romelTa mxedvelni aqeben mamasa Guensa zacaTasa. da kualad mamaY igi Gueni zecaTaY pativ-gucems Guen, raJams viqebodiT mis mier eklesiasa Sina didsa mermisa mis saukunoYsasa da madlobiT aRuarebdeT mas. qriste cxebulad gamoiTargmanebis, viTar-igi mraval gzis guasmies wmidaTa werilTa Sina; xolo mizezi amis pirisaY reca saZiebel ars, Tu viTar berZulTa safsalmuneTa Sina mraval gzis moiPsenebis saxeli qristesi, xolo qarTulTa Sina arca erT gzis sada. garna ese amier iswave, rameTu viTar-igi berZenni pativisaTKs ebraelTaYsa mravalTa sityuaTa iPumeven ebraulTa, egreTve qarTvelTa mravali sityuaY aqus saPmrad ebraulisaganca da berZnulisaganca, vinaYca umecarTa mier ara advilad ganirGevian ucxoni igi sityuani berZnulni ebraulisagan. xolo Guen ebraulisaganca maTve sityuaTa Semovi- 190 - xuamT, romelni berZenTa Semouxaman da kualad berZnulisaganca sxuaTa umetesTa sityuaTa, romelTagani erTi ars saxeli qristesi. rameTu ebraelTa TKssa enasa sxuaY saxeli aqus `cxebulisaY~, ese-igi ars `mesia~, xolo berZnulad `qriste~ ars nacvalad `cxebulisa~. vinaYca cxad ars, viTarmed pativisaTKs berZenTaYsa vityKT `qristesa~, xolo daviTTa Sina `cxebulsa~ vityKT nacvlad qristesa, raYTa umetesad cxad iyos Zali sityuaTaY. da gueneba, Tumca ara uRono ars Tqumad, viTarmed uflisaTKs da qristes misisaTKs. da kualad winaukmo SesaZlebel ars ieremiaYssaca da mas sityuasa esreT Tqumad, viTarmed: `sul pirisa Guenisa, cxebul ufali~. aramed Guen gKswavies mamaTagan, raYTa odesme `cxebulsa~ vityodiT gancxadebisaTKs sityuaTaYsa da odesme _ `qristesa~ pativisaTKs berZenTaYsa. garna ese mtkiced sacnaur ars, viTarmed oriTave amiT ufali Gueni iesu qriste iqadagebis cxebulad uflisa. RmerT RmerTTa ewodebis RmerTsa. ara Tu RmerTi kerpTa, aramed RmerT bunebiT, mies mier RmerT-qmnulTa madliT da jer-GinebiT, romeli-ese ars RmerT-mTavroba misa, rameTu RmerTi dadgebis Soris RmerTTaYsa da RmerTi mTavrobs RmerTTa zeda, angelozTa da wmidaTa. Ruar RmrTisa ewodebis embazsa wmidisa naTlisRebisasa, romeli igi ara wyaro ars, arca samaradisod mdinare, aramed qristes mier aRmocenebuli ars. dasrulebasave Tana sawuTroYsa amis JamTaYsa [igica] daesrulebis, rameTu romelTa ara aqave naTel-iRon wyliTa, mermesa mas saukunesa cecxliTa naTel-iRon uSretiTa miT da ganunaTlebeliTa da dausrulebeliTa, raJams matli maTi ara daesrulebodis da kuamli codvilTaY ara dasruldebodis, viTarca Tqua qristeman saxarebasa Sina sawinaYswarmetyueloTa wignTagan SemoRebiTa sityKsa sawamebelisaYTa. yur RmrTisa iTqumis araraYsa dafarvaY misgan, xolo moqmedeba yurTa misTa ars Zali igi msmeneli vedrebasa sulisa misda Sevrdomilisasa, Tqmulisa misebr, vaTarmed: `yurni misni locviTa maTTa zeda~. da ese ars - 191 - yurad-RebaY misi, raJams saTno-iGinos aRsrulebaY TxovaTa GeunTaY, romelTa maSin ara yurad-ixuams, raJams anu udbebiT/ viTxovdeT, an Tu ujerod rasme viTxovdeT pirvel Jamisa da TKnier wesisa sargebelisa. SimSil RmrTisa ars cxovrebaY kacTa naTesavisaY, romlisaTKs maradis Siis da ara odes ganZRebis. Sueniereba RmrTisa ars taZari igi PorcTaY, romeli pirvel uSuer-qmnil iyo codvisa mier, xolo Semdgomad sam dRe daPsnisa, ganSuenebuli da ganaxlebuli Seimosa igi man, romelman-igi ara sircxKl-iGina pirvel uSuerqmnilisaY SemosaY misi. Secvaleba RmrTisa mier ars saRmrToTa xedvaTa ganmravlebaY, romeli marjuenisagan maRlisa Zisa mxolod-Sobilisa moemadla naTesavsa ZeTa kacTasa, raYTa dauyenebel iyvnen Svil-yofad RmrTisa. cnoba RmrTisa iTqumis arsebiT damKdrebaY misi gulsa Sina, xolo ucnaureba misa ars, raJams TKT kacman ucnauryos Tavi TKsi misgan daviwyebiTa mcnebaTa misTaYTa. cxoreba saxel-edemis RmerTsa, viTarca yovelTa momcemelsa cxorebisasa, xolo cecxl _ viTarca ganmlevelsa codvaTa nivTisasa da kualad cecxl ewodebis Sewevnasa sulisa wmidisasa ganyofisa misTKs enaTa cecxlisaTa. cxoreba marjuenisa RmrTisa ars yovelive gzaY marjuene, romeli miiyvanebs kacTa cxorebad saukunod. da kualad cxoreba igi saukunoY, romeli momeniWa Guen qristes mier. Zal RmeTisa ars qriste, RmrTisa Zali da RmrTisa sibrZne. Zil ewodebis mimyovrebulsa sul-grZelebasa RmrTisasa, romlisagan ganRKZebad evedrebian winaswarmetyvelni, raYTa iwyos Suris-gebad da Sjad. da kualad Zil iyo dayovnebaY moslvisa uflisaY, romlisagan ganRKZeba iqmna ganPorcielebaY misi. da kualad Zil iyo navsa/ Sina mZinarebaY igi misi, romlisagan ganaRKZebdes mowafeni Semdgomad aRtexisa qarTaYsa, da Guen guaswavebdes, raYTa, raJams vixiloT suli Gueni aRSfoTebulad mZafrTa maTgan - 192 - gulis-sityuaTa risxvisa anu Tu mowyinebisaTa, siZvisa anu nayrovnebisaTa, cudad mzuaobrobisa anu ampartavanebisaTa, aRvadgendeT wina-mbrZolad misa siyuarulsa da simarTlesa, siwmidesa da marxvasa, simdablesa da sibrZnesa mecnierebiTurT. warmarTeba RmrTisa ars, raJams kacni ganswavlnes man umjobesisa mimarT, rameTu keTilni Guenni yovelive Tavisa TKsisad Seuracxian mas mxolosa, romeli-igi yovliT kerZo eZiebs cxovrebasa Guensa. wameba uflisa saxel-edebis sityuaTa da brZanebaTa misTa, romliTa uGuenebs kacTa keTilTa maT, romelni mieniWebian moqmedTa keTilisaTa da wina-uwamebs da ganakrZalebs ara-STavrdomad satanjvelTa maT, romelni mielian yovelTa midevnebulTa siborotisaTa. wrfel ewodebis RmerTsa ara xolo amisTKs, romel martiv da Seuzavebel ars borotTagan bunebaY misi, aramed amisTKsca, rameTu yovelsave marTliad da siwrfoebiT ganagebs, ese-igi ars, rameTu arca codvilTa moiZagebs, moiqcen Tu codvisagan, aramed ganuxuams maT bWeTa sinanulisaTa; da kualad marTalTa, Semsgavsebulad sazomTa TiToeulisa simarTlisaTa, ganuyofs SewevnaTa madlisaTa, da ufroYsRa marTlmsajulebasa TKssa ganhzavebs wyalobiTa da kacT-moyuarebiTa TKsiTa; xolo siwrfoeba sityuaTa uflisaTa ars simarTle ganGinebaTa da mSjavrTa misTaY. wmida RmrTisa mamisa ewodebis mxolod-Sobilsa Zesa missa, romlisa mier etyoda RmerTi kacTa da gamoucxadebda saidumloTa TKsTa dafarulobasa, rameTu mis mier moeRo mcnebaY yovlisaTKsve, rasa-igi ityoda da raodensa qadagebda. Wur RmrTisa iTqumis GveulebiTa sityKsaYTa kacobriv PumevaY jaWu-WurisaY, romeli RmrTisa arad saPmar ars, aramed jaWu-Wur misa ars ubrZolelobaY igi Zalisa misisaY. WeSmaritebaY bunebiT saxeli ars RmrTisaY, romeliigi ars mxoloY utyuveli WeSmaritebaY, romelsa TKT Tavadi wamebs Tavisa TKsaTKs, viTarmed: `me var gzaY da - 193 - WeSmaritebaY da cxovrebaY. ~ xedva RmrTisa ars aqaY ese sarkis-saxe ganwmedaY gonebaTaY, romlisa mier zogs-re da kerZod aqave miemadlebis TiToeulsa gancdaY Zalisa gange/bulebaTa misTaYsa. xolo usrulesi igi xedvaY mermisa mis saukunoYsaY damarxul ars da, msgavsad aqaYTve ganwmedilebisa gonebaTaYsa, TiToeulisada miniWebad aRTqumiT qadagebul ars wmidaTa werilTa mier. Pel RmrTisa arian orni igini srulmyofelni sam-guamovnebisa misisani: Ze da suli, romelTa mimarT Tqua, viTarmed: `vqmneT kaci xatad da msgavsad Guenda~. da kualad Pel ars zogad samTaYve igi Zali yovelTa dambadeblobisaY. Pma uflisa ars ara ganmkueTeli raYme, gina momwylveli haerisaY, aramed Zali igi misi uxilavad metyueli, romeli zraxavs gonebasa Sina wmidaTasa. da kualad Pma RmrTisa ewodebis yovelsave Pmasa dabadebulTasa, angelozTasa, gina kacTa/ wmidaTasa, winaYswarmetyuelTa gina mociqulTasa, rameTu viTar-igi Tavadi uxilavad zraxavs gonebaTa maTTa, egreTve maTiTa miT orRanod PumeviTa yovelTave Soris metyuelebs da ganacxadebs dafaruleba(s)a saidumloTa TKsTasa. rameTu ara xolo sityKrni da gonierni, aramed usulonica da uZravni, eseigi arian: cani uTxroben didebasa missa da queyanaY qadagebs Semoqmedebasa missa. da esreT romlisaganca sulierisa gina usuloYsa dumiliT, gina metyuelebiT RmerTi iqadagebodis. yovelive Pmad RmrTisa saxel-idebis da Seiracxebis. jdomaY RmrTisaY saxis-metyuelebiT iTqumis, da ganmartebiT gulisPmis-sayofelad uRono ars, rameTu igi Tavadi gare-Seuwerel ars: arca zis, arca dgas, arca vals, aramed yovelive aRuvsies da Seucavs, da igi mxoloY araraYsagan Secvul ars, aramed pirad-piradad SecvalebisaTKs gangebulebaTa misTaYsa kacobriv mopovnebul iqmnebian sityuani ese. amisTKsca jdoma saxel-edebis Seuryevelobasa mSjavrTa da gankiTxvaTa misTasa. - 194 - aha esera gaqus, swavlis-moyuareo, daRacaTu ara srulebiTi, aramed zogebiTi raYme gulisPmis-yofaY sityuaTaY, romelni RmrTisaTKs Porcielad iTqumian da sulierad gulis Pma-iyofebian. amas Tana amasca mecnier iyav, viTarmed esreT aqus GuelebaY wignebsa berZenTasa, raYTa anbansa zeda ganawyobden yovelTave sityuaTa gamosaZiebelTa da RrmaTa, raYTa advil iyvnen sapovnelad. da wignsa mas `leqsikon~ uwoden, romel ars leqsTaY, ese-igi ars RrmaTa sityuaTaY. da TiToeulsa wignsa _ gareSeTa gina saeklesioTagansa _ yovelive RrmaY da gamosaZiebeli sityuaY anbanTa zeda / ganwyobili da Sekrebuli Tavad da Sesavalad wignisa uweria, ukueTu oden gamomeZiebel da gulisPmismyofel yofil iyos momgebeli wignisaY, romelTa kualsa SedgomiTa knini ese saxe Guenca giGueneT Tquen. amiT saxiTa ganwyobil arian sityKs-gebani mwvalebelTani wmidaTa mamaTa da mnaTobTa maTgan yovlisa soflisaTaY basili kesarielisa da grigoli RimrTismetyuelisa da ioane damaskelisa, raYTa raJams arsebisaTKs sityuagigebden wina-aRmdgomni, myis anisagan sityua-ugo, xolo bunebisaTKs _ banisagan da guamisaTKs -ganisagan. da esreT advil iyos saPmarebelad Jamsa Wirisasa anbansa zeda ganwyobili igi wignebi wmidaTaY. amiTve saxiTa aRuwerian TKsni leqsikonni Rrma/Ta sityuaTaTKs berZulTa kostantine mefesa porfKrogenitsa da didsa kKriles aleqsandrielsa, raYTa raJams eZiebdes umecari, Tu rY ars myisi anu mrGobli, mansa Sina ganumarton, viTarmed mrGobl ewodebis orkecsa, xolo myis _ anazdaYTsa. da ese aqamomde iyavn. xolo, raYTa eseca cxad iyos, swavlisaebr wmidaTa werilTaYsa, viTarmed TKs ars winaYswarmetyuelisa ara xolo yofadTa saqmeTaTKs winaYswarmetyuelebaY, aramed mis JamisaTa da gardasrulTaca saqmeTa warmoTqumaY, viTar-igi RmrTis-mxilvelman mose iwyo sityuad RmrTivswavlulsa mas misda dasabamsa soflis Sesaqmisasa da moiyvana sityua TKsi mis Jamisasa mas Tana faraoYs mZlavrebasa da Seudgina gamoslva ZeTa israelisaTa moklebi- 195 - TurT PorcisaYT da mocemiT mananaYsaYT; mieriTgan iwyo moswavebad yofadTa, moslvasa meufisa qristessa da ganTesvasa huriaTasa da cxorebasa warmarTTasa. egreTve hyofs RmrTiv-aRZrulica ese qnari sityuaTa daviTisTaY: yofadTaTKs winaYswarmetyuelebs da gardasrulTa qvelis-moqmedebaTa RmrTisaTa moiPsenebs; mis JamisaTa maT warmoityKs da Semdgomad mravalTa JamTa aRsrulebadsa, viTarca aRsrulebulsa warmoaGinebs. ara xolo winaYswarmetyuelebiTTa sityuaTa iPumevs, aramed moZRurebiTTaca da swavliTTaca, SjulisdebiTTa da mcnebiTTa. odesme huriaTasa eglovs gangdebulebasa da odesme warmarTTasa ixarebs mowodebasa mravalmoqcevobiTa winaYswarmetyuelebisaYTa, msmenelTa gulsa gulisPmisyofad ganakrZalebs da vnebaTa da aRdgomisa qristesisa moswavebiTa wina-aRmdgomTa zraxvasa ganaqarvebs. da amas yovelsa Tana saxarulevan da tkbil eqmnebis yovelTa muPledad iambikod SemoklebiTa sityKsaYTa, rameTu umravlesTa fsalmunTa ricxuedobaY da marculedobaY cxad ars safsalmuneTa Sina ebraelTasa, daRacaTu sxuaTa enaTa Sina ver daucavs TargmanTa ricxK marculisaY, romlisaTKsca guasmies ubadrukisa apolinarisTKs, viTarmed berZulad eseviTariTa sityKTa aRwera daviTi, romel Zali ara daSTeboda, arca kualad ganiyofeboda sxuaTa daviTTa Zalisagan. da iambikod Tormet marculedobaY yovlisa muPlisaY arca aRemateboda, arca daakldeboda. garna misi igi samWeduri masve ganewona, raJams sityuaTa misTa Txzulebasa PelovnebaY sityuaTa wmidisa grigoli RmrTismetyuelisaTaY damarRuevel eqmna da romliTa-igi erTa moinadirebda, umravlesni TKsTa mimdgomTaganni GuenTa amaT erTa SeaerTna. rameTu ara Tumca mas ewyo pirvelad Txzvad sxuaTa, daSWirdeboda eklesiasa gKrgKni igi mraval-Tualovani sityuaTa didisa RmrTis-metyuelisaTaY, rameTu ara aqunda GueulebaY metsa da mraval-Pelovansa rasme sityua-mWevrobasa Seslvad ezoTa uflisaTa. xolo, vinaYTgan SeeSina winamZRuarTa eklesiisaTa, nuukue metnobaY (sityua)Ta - 196 - umetesobad qadagebisa winaaRmdgomTaYsa Se(e)racxos da miizidnes mravalni, amisTKsca qnari igi sulisa wmidisY _ ena didisa mis RmrTis-metyuelisaY _ yves damPsnel yovlisave Pelovnebisa sityuaTaYsa. esreT ukue jerovnad ganguecxadebis ricxuedobaY romelTame fsalmunTa daviTisTaY maTgan, romelni zedamiwevniT mecnier arian enasa ebraelTasa. jer-ars ukue, raYTa uwyodiT eseca, viTarmed, daRacaTu mravalni icilobebian wignisaTKs fsalmunTaYsa, viTarmed ara yovelni daviTisnia. aramed umravlesni da Guenni yovelni erT-Pma arian, viTarmed yovelnive daviTis mier Tqumul arian. daRacaTu romelime sxuaTa vieTme pirsa zeda aRuwerian da TKsTa mgalobelTmTavarTada miucemian, aramed sityuaY yoveli misi ars asormeocdaaTTave fsalmunTaY da zeda-warwerilnica yovelni misni arian da sxuaTagan mopovnebulni, viTarigi Tqumul ars vieTganme. da kualad diafsalmaY misive ars da orTa pirTa gulisPma-gKyofs: anu cvalebasa sityuaTa Zalisasa, anu qcevasa kiloYsa sagalobelisasa. rameTu mravalni mwyobrni mgalobelni daedginnes winaYswarmetyuelsa daviTs aRsaSenebelad erisa, romelni-igi mraval-saxeTa PmaTa qceviTa sawadel kacTa hyofdes mraval-moqcevsa mas siPSosa sawinaYswarmetyueloTa sityuaTasa. xolo winaukmod ganwyobisa da ukuanaYsknelTa pirvelad da pirvelTa fsalmunTa ukuanaYsknelad dawesebisa mizezi cxad ars, viTarmed adgil-adgil Tqumulni erTad Sekrebul arian da ara msgavsad Tqumulebisa wesTa miuRies ricxK pirvelobisa da ukuanaYsknelobisaY, aramed romelica pirvel povnil ars, pirvel [dawesebul ars]; da romeli [Semdgomad] povnil ars, igica Semdgomad dawes[e] bul ars. da amiTve wesiTa srul iqmnebis ricxK asergasisTa fsalmunTaY, romelni-igi huriaTa Soris xuT wignad ganiyofebian. xolo ganiyofebian esreT: pirveliT fsalmuniTgani vidre meormocedmde _ erT wignad; da mieriTgani vidre sameocdameaTerTumetedmde _ meored; da mieriTgan vidre oTxmeocdamervedmde _ mesamed wignad; - 197 - da mieriTgani asdamexuTedmde _ meoTxed; da mieriTgani asormocda meaTedmde _ mexuTed wignad. xolo berZenTa da qarTvelTaY wigni fsalmunTaY yovelive swor ars da erT wign SewevniTa RmrTisaYTa da moswrafed moRuawebiTa didisa mis mnaTobisa giorgi mTawmidelisaYTa, vinaYca misiTave locviTa da madliTa berisa GuenisaYTa yovelsave amas daviTisa Targmansa Sina arca erTsa muPlsa sada ePmara cvalebaY, aramed misive Targmnili muPli davwereT mis mieriTa oxiTa ganmPnobilTa. romlisaY iyavn saukunoY netarebaY da PsenebaY misi! amin. Q 37,1r-7v; Jer.1,1r-6r `fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ anderZi didebaY da pativi, TayuaniscemaY da madli samguamovnebiT cnobilsa da erTarsebiT aRsarebulssa wmidasa samebasa, romelman jer-iGina meoxebiTa wmidisa RmrTismSobelisa da yovelTa wmidaTa misTaYTa da locviTa wmidaTa mamaTa GuenTa efTKmesiTa da giorgisiTa, TanadgomiTa da ufroYsRa oxiTa da winaZRomiTa berisa Guenisa saba sulaYsZisa TuxarselisaYTa, ganzogebaY wignisa amis, romelsa uwodian Targmanni daviTisani, anu Tu Targmani daviTisaY. pirveli igi _ simravlisaTKs mTargmnelTaYsa, xolo meore _ erTguamobisaTKs da urTierTas Senawevrebisa patiosanTa maT asoTa misive da erTisa Tavsakidurisa qristesda damokidebulTaYsa. muPlni ukue daviTisani pirvel Targmnilisagan dedisa egreTve davwereniT, viTa vpoeT axal TargmnilTa daviTTa saukunod moPsenebulisa giorgi mTawmidelisaYTa, romeli-igi unaklulod Targmnil iyo pirvel Guensa da arca moqene ganmarTebisa. xolo Targmani muPlTaY yoveli axlad iTargmna berZulisagan, viTarca yovelive geuwyos Sesavalsa wignisasa. gevedrebi yovelTa, romelni miemTxKneT wmidasa amas wignsa, locva-yavT zemoPsenebulisa mamisa sabaYsTKs berisa, efrem uSkelisaTKs, moZRuarTa, mSobelTa, ZmaTa da SvilTa maTTaTKs, rameTu maTiTa winaZRomiTa da saWeTmpyrobelobiTa da ufroYsRa saPmriTa da warsagebeli- 198 - Ta qmnil ars yovelive keTili Guen zeda RmrTisa mier, romelman Zuel odesme karaulica balaamisi aRatyua, romlisasa araraYT unaklulevanes ars aRtyuebaY pirutyuT saxesa amas gonebas Gem mcirisa da undoYsa efremissa, romelman ese vTargmne berZenTa enisagan qarTvelTa enad da moqene var RmrTisa wmidiTa locviTa TqueniTa aPocad bralTa da cTomilebaTa GemTa. daiwera wmidaY ese wigni Savsa mTasa sanaxebsa wmidisa sKmeonissa, monastersa mamisa ezraYssa, PeliTa iovane xucisa mTavaraYsZisaYTa. ufalman miecin sasyideli gulsmodgined werisaY da locviTa Tquen RmrTismoyuareTa mkiTxvelTaY, qronikoni iyo t . ufalo RmerTo, Seiwyalen da adiden sasufevelsa Sina wmidani mamani, mnaTobni Guenni: antoni tbeli da kKrike aleqsandrieli, romelni sityKT da saqmiT Zal-mwe meyvnes TargmanTa amis wignisasa da kurTxeviTa maTiTa acxovnen yovelni Zmani ezraYs monastrisani gardacvalebulni. Q 37, 316 v. - 199 - zanduki da Sesavali wignisa amis, romelsa ewodebis gardamocemaY, Tqumuli wmidisa mamisa Guenisa ioane damaskelisa19 ese ergasisni Tavni ricxuedni maT Tana narTauliT TavebiTurT gareSeTa wignTa da safilasofosoYsa swavlulebisaganni arian, romelTaY daRacaTu saWiro iyo datevnaY enasa Guensa, vinaYTgan sxuaY araraY odes Targmnila safilosofosoTa wignTagani, _ aramed me daWrasa da ganbZarvasa wignisasa mciredi Wiri virGie da Tquenca amasve gevedrebi, mkiTxvelTa da gardamwerelTa, raYTa ara dauteoT amaTi daweraY reca siRrmisaTKs uPmar sagonebelobisaTKs. vaqeb wessa sawinaYswarmetyueloTa wignTa mTargmnelisas, romelTagani mciredi raY gaigonebis uswavlelTa, ginaTu zogs-re swavlulTa mier, garna sityuaY sityKsa nacvali Sedarebulia berZulisa da egreTve me, daRacaTu umravlesi amaT TavTagani jereT ver gamigonebia, aramed wyalobiTa RmrTisaYTa da momadlebiTa saufloYsa da cxovels-myofelisa saflavisaYTa, sityuaY Sedarebuli berZulisa da marTebiTi ara akls. xolo Zalsa sityKsasa gulisPmis-yofaY ese zogad yovelTa RmrTisagan viTxooT da Seuorgulebelmca varT, rameTu moviRoTca, ukueTu oden mouwyinebelad vrekdeT zedaYszeda kiTxviTa da ueWuelad gangueRos kari 19 iwyeba `dialeqtikis~ zandukiT(1r).~ wyaro codnisas~ Sesavalic da anderZic ramdenjermea gamoqveynebuli. maTi pirveli publikacia T. Jordanias ekuTvnis (T. Jordania, qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa, Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T. Jordanias mier, wigni I, tf., 1892, gv. 215-219. meore gamocema, Tb., 2004. ix. agreTve: e. TayaiSvili, 1902, gv. 710-717; s. gorgaZe, 1926, gv. 182-192; A fondis xelnawerTa aRwerilobis I tomi, Tb., 1973; ioane damaskeli, dialeqtika, qarTuli Targmanebis teqsti gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo maia rafavam, Tb., 1976, gv. 66-70; wm. ioane damaskeli, marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis zedmiwevniTi gadmocema, ori Zveli qarTuli Targmani gamosacemad moamzades r. mimonoSvilma da m. rafavam, winasityvaoba da SeniSvnebi daurTo m. rafavam. berZnulidan Tanamedrove enaze Targmna, Sesavali da SeniSvnebi daurTo e. WeliZem, Tb., 2000gv. 23-25. - 200 - gulisPmis-yofisaY da daRacaTu yovelive ver gulisPmavyoT, garna ese xolo same uwyodiT, viTarmed eseviTari ars safilasofosoY swavlaY, romeli-igi aqaca saWirod saPmarad SemouRebies wmidasa ioane damaskelsa, raYTa amaT mier winaaRudgebodian Svilni eklesiisani gareSeTa maT filosofosTa da maTiTave isriTa ganhgumerden maT, rameTu TKnier amaT sityuaTasa, sxuebr SeuZlebel ars sityKs-gebaY winaaRmdgomTaY. sityua-gKgebdes raY gareSeni igi ganukueTelisaTKs, romel ars guami, da bunebisaTKs, romlisaTKsca jerovnad mouxuman ese wmidasa ioane damaskelsa da amaTiTa eklovnebiTa mouzRudavs venaPisa amis TKsisa nayofTa SuenierebaY. xolo uwinares raY venaPisa SevidodeT da tevnebisa madlTaYsa ganxilvaY guwadodis, ese winaYswar geuwyos zandukisa amis mier, raYTa romlisa pirisaTKs gKxmdes, maliad movisTuloT sitkboeba Y. 20 aha, esera, gqonan asni Tavni saeklesioni ormeocdaaTTa TavTa mier safilosofosoTa gareSezRudvilni, da arca eseni srul arian umaTod, arca igini _ uamaTod. vinaYca vikadreb da vityK, romelsa Zali misces RmerTman amaTda gardawerad, ese daimarxen, raYTa ukueTu mokle `winamZRuari~ uGndes, wmidisa mamisa efKmes mier Targmanebuli, igi Seitkbos, rameTu mas madliTa sulisa wmidisaYTa Pel-ewifeboda SematebaYca da daklebaYca. xolo Tu axali ese swaddes gardawerad, mas amas Tana nu gahrevs, nuca amas _ mas Tana, aramed ukueTu amas daiwerdes, ese iRuawen, raYTa araraY daaklos, ara xolo asormeocdaaTTa amaT TavTagani pirveliT ebistoliTurT, aramed arcaRa Gemi ese kadrebuli da mozraxuli. ara xolo Sesavalsa amas vityK, aramed kidesa warwerilTa TargmanTaca, romelTagani romelnime zepiriT dawerilnia da romelnime _ dedisagan. da zepirobisa mizezi ese ars, vinaYTgan yovelsa Targmansa uPms SematebaY sityKsaY reca ganmacxadebelad Zalisa. xolo me, viTarca yovelTa unarGevessa, mizezi igi da Semdgomad RmrTisa momcemeli igi Gemda TargmnobisaY beri Gueni amas mibrZanebdis, raY20 Sesavlis am nawilSi GarTulia `gardamocemis~ zanduki (1v-2v), - 201 - Ta wmidisa sityuaY martivad da Seuzavebelad da Seuxebelad vsTargmno da ukueTu raYme Zalisa ganmacxadebeli uPmdes Guensa enasa, igi kidesa zeda adgil-adgil da Sesavalsa Sina Tavsa wignisas davwero. amisTKsca yovlad ujero ars visganme kidesa warwerilisa mis TargmnisaY Sigan gareviT daweraY, aramed kidesa warweraY, viTarca viswaveT Guen ese oTxasocTa maTgan wignTa Teodore patriarqisa mier sKmeonwmidas SewirulTa, romelTa Sina araraY hrTavs sagalobeli, TKnier yovelnive sakiTxavni arian _ gareSeni da saeklesioni. da saWiroYsa sityKsa Targmani pativTa zeda wignisaTa uweria, xolo `Seiswaveni~ da `gansazRvrebaY~ `ganGinebiTurT~ da `samecnieroY ese~ ara oden amas wignsa, aramed yovelsave wignTa berZulTa uwerian kidesa, raYTa raJams samecnierosa rasme sityuasa eZiebdes vinme, advilad povos da ara uPmdes mimyovrebuli Jami, anu yovlisave gardakiTxvaY. xolo `gansazRvrebasa~ da `ganGinebasa~ igive da erTi Zali aqus da `gansazRvrebisa~ Targmani TKT wina gepoebis safilosofosoTa TavTa Sina meaTequsmeted Tavad. kualad eseca sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed ara jerars, raYTa sxKsa visganme Sekazmulad vhgonebdeT wignsa amas, viTar-igi guasmies sKmeon loRoTetisa da sxuaTa mier berZenTagan kazmvaY wignebisaY, garna uwyiTmca, Tu romelTa wignTa egebis kazmvaY, anu romelTaY uRonoY ars, rameTu ipoos Tu cxorebaY, anu wamebaY, anu raYca raY hambavi, gina moTxrobaY sofluriTa da uSueriTa sityKTa aRwerili, mas sityKT ganaSueneben, gargahkazmven da `metafras~ uwoden, romel ars `gardakazmuli~. da amasca maSin hyofen, odes aRmwereli hambavisaY mis litoni kaci iyos da ara wmidaTagani, viTar-igi umravlesTa wmidaTa wamebani TanadaxudomilTa monaTa vieTganme aRweril iyvnes, mas Sehkazmven eseviTariTa sityKTa, romeli masve pirsa ityodes da ara Sehmatebdes, arca daaklebdes saqmeTa. xolo wmidaTa Tqumulsa da marTlmadidebelTa mamaTa aRwerilsa vervin ikadrebs Sexebad, viTarca wmidasa saxarebaTa da epistoleTa pavle mociqulisaTa, raodenTa litonisa sityKTa aRweril - 202 - iyos, berZenTa da marTlmadidebelTagani veravin Seexebis, araTu vinme iyos sulel, ufroYsRa mwvalebel da ganvrdomil eklesiisagan. amas yovelTa Tana eseca sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed `winamZRuari~ saxelad wmidisa anastasi sinelis TqumulTaTvis minaxavs berZenTa Sina, xolo amis wignisaTvis _ arasada, TKnier qarTulisa. amisTKsca esreT jer-uGndin siwmidesa Tquensa, raYTa viTar-igi zedawarwerilsa amassa Sina iTqumis, `gardamocema~ uwoddeT wignsa amas, romeli-igi berZulsa Sina esreTve ars da `winamZRuar~ masve wmidisa mamisa efTKmes Targmnilsa saxel-edeboden, rameTu TKT igi amisganve ars. xolo ese ara uwyi, Tu TKT mamasa efTKmis gamoukrebia, anu berZulad esreT upovnia, rameTu sxuani wignni gamokrebulni, viTar-igi ars `margaliti~ da `yuavil-krebuli~ da sxuani msgavsni maTni, berZulad egreTve gamokrebulni arian. amas yovelsa Tana mravalJam ugulebel-qmnilsaca brZanebasa awRa aRsrulebisaTKs Tavs-ideviT da momiteveT mcired gangrZobaY sityKsaY, rameTu vidreRa-igi jereT Guen Tana iyi netari igi da yovlad rGeuli moRuaweTa Soris beri ioane farakneli, romelman mowled gamoikiTxa Gemgan da mibrZana amaT pirTaTKs: vinaYTgan pirvelTa maT TargmanTa araraY eRuawa wertiliTa gakueTisaTKs sakiTxavTaYsa, amisTKsca zepiriT uPmda gakueTaY yovelTa saxelovanTa mkiTxvelTa. xolo berZulad ara esreT ars, aramed esoden misandobel ars wignebi maTi marTlad gakueTilobisaTKs, viTar Gueni sagalibeli, romeli didisa mis mnaTobisa giorgi mTawmidelisagan Targmnil ars. amisTKsca me Zalisaebr Gemisa ara ugulebels miqmnies, aramed yovelive Gem mir Targmnili wigni erT-wertilad da or-wertilad, sam-wertilad da equs-wertilad gamikueTia: erT-wertili ukue mcired sasuenad, or-wertili _ gasakueTelad sityKsa da sam-wertili _ didad sasuenad da equs-wertili _ sruliad dasaboloeblad da axlad dasawyebelad sityKsa. ars iSKT, romel ara dasaboloebelad zis equs-wertili, aramed Pmis saqcevelad - 203 - oden, romeli-ese metafrasTa Sina ufro ipoebis, raJams mowame msajulisa mimarT metyulebdes da myis RmrTisa mimarT cualos metyuelebaY, eseviTarsa mas adgilsa equsi wertili uzis, ara raYTa daaboloos, aramed raYTa PmaY iqcios mkiTxvelman. aw ukue adre gamokiTxuli keTilisa mis gulisPmismyofelisagan da Gem mier misda Txrobilsa aqa dawerad brZanebuli awRa viiZule dawerad, rameTu ufroYs yovlisasa sarwmunoebisa da RmrTismetyuelebisaTKs TqumulTa wignTa Sina saPmar ars krZalvaY mkiTxvelisagan da mwerlisa da msmenlisa. gevedrebi ukue, raYTa wertili SeikrZaloT da me yovelove cTomilebaY momitioT da locva-hyoT pirvelmoPsenebulTa maT mamaTa: berisa sabaYsTKs, romeli iyo Semdgomad RmrTisa mizezi da momcemeli Gemda TargmnobisaY da mRdelisa gabrielisaTKs, romlisa brZanebiTa da locKTa mosca RmerTman wmidaY ese wigni naTesavsa Guensa; amaT yovelTa Tana me SemiwyaloT usasyidloT da iTxoveT RmrTisagan motevebaY uricxuTa borotTa GemTa da Tquencamca gipovnies wyalobaY dResa mas sasjelisasa mravalmowyalisa RmrTisagan, romlisaY ars didebaY da simtkice da Zali aw da yovelTa saukuneTa ukunisamde, amin. A24, 1r-4v; S 1358,8r-11r; A406,1v-7v ioane damaskelis `gardamocemis~ anderZi21 locva yavT, qristes-moyuareno, gabrielisTKs, romlisa brZanebiTa iTargmna wmidaY ese wigni da keTilTa moRuaweTa GemTa da ganmaZlierebelTa, amas Tana mzrdelTaca da msaxurTa: arseni iyalToelisa, iovane da iovane xucesTa, stefanesTKs diakonisa da ufroYs yovelTa Gem sawyalibelisa, reca Targmanisa efrem mcirisaTKs, romelsa didTa kaTolikeTa marxvaTa codvaTa TKsTa glovaY da qristianeTaca saeroni Jamni ugulebels-meqm21 daculia erTaderT xelnawerSi A24 (137v). gamoqveynebulia A fondis xelnawerTa aRwrilobis I tomSi, Tb., 1973, ix. agreTve, ioane damaskeli, dialeqtika, qarTuli Targmanebis teqsti gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo maia rafavam, Tb., 1976, m. rafava, 1976, gv. 47. - 204 - nnes SiSiTa amisisa ver gasrulebisaTa, romeli srul-yo RmerTman locviTa zemoPsenebulTa amaT mamaTaYTa, amen. A 24, 137v. `samociqulos Targmanebis~ kolofonebi a)`samociqulos Targmanebis~ winasityvaoba22 `ese sacnaur iyavn yovelTa, romelni miemTxKneT wmidasa amas wignsa, viTarmed, viTarca igi daviTisa TargmanTa Sina, egreTve yovelsa amas samociqulosa wignsa Sina Zalisaebri mowfobaY damicavs didisa mis moZRurisa da yovelTa eklesiaTa GuenTa mnaTobisa giorgi mTawmidelisa saukunod moPsenebulisaY, me, undosa mtuersa wmidaTa ferPTa maTTasa efrems mciresa, rameTu maTive Targmnili saqme mociqulTaY, kaTolikeni da ebistoleni wina mesxnian da samociquloY sityuaY mier damiweria, raYTa ara meored Targmnilad Seiracxos wigni samociquloY. xolo vinaYTgan berZenTa enaY ufskrul Rrma ars da igive da erTi sityuaY mravalsa pirsa aRiarebs, da upiratesad yovelsa mas adgilsa zedamiwevniT gamoikvlevs wmidaY ioane oqropiri da gancxadebulad ueWuel hyofs viTarebasa missa, amaT eseviTarTa RrmaTa adgilTa, sadaca uPmda SecvalebaY da sxuebr cvalebaY sityuasa samociqulosa qarTulsa, romeli maSinRa ZliT gulisPma-iyofebodis, odes samni gina oTxni Targmanni pavlisani da egodennive leqsikonni, romel arian RrmaTa wignurTa sityuaTa anbansa zeda ganwyobili sityuani, erTgan Semovkribni, maSinRa ZliT moupoY qarTuli Semsgavsebuli sityuaY. da eseviTarni sityuani sadaca Semicvalebian, kidesa stiqonisasa iotaY damisuams, da Sina sityuasa winaYT ese, viTarmed "usakuTres ars eseT" aw ukue, sadaca kidesa 22 “samociqulos Targmanebis~ anderZ-winasityvaoba sam xelnawerSia daculi: Jer.16(2r-3v), fragmentulad A677(244v-245v) da Q 1158(102r-v). gamocemulia ramdenjerme: r. bleiki, 1926, gv. 160-166; saqm. mociqul., 1950, gv. 029-031; n. mari, 1955, gv. 55-62; e. koWlamazaSvili, 2003, gv327-331. - 205 - stiqonisasa anu sityuasa zeda iotaY hpoo da sityuasa Tana `usakuTresi~, can, viTarmed mcired cvalebaY hnebebia mas sityuasa, romel-igi wmidasa mamasa Guensa giorgis ara egoden sxKsa raYsme mizezisagan, raoden Zuelisave pavlis wayolisagan dautevebia; rameTu pirvelni daviTnica, romel axlad eTargmnes, mravali sityuaY Zuelisa Gueulebisada mieyvana, vidremdis ukanaYsknel didisa mis moRuawisa giorgi dayudebulisa iZulebiT brZanebiTa kualad usrulesad da uwmidesad eTargmnnes. amiT mizeziTa vhgoneb samociquloYsaca amis wignisasa, viTarmed romeli mravalsa pirsa aRiarebda, igi Zuelisave Targmnilisada miuyvanebia. da meca egreTve samociquloY sityuaY viTa maT eTargmna, egreT damiweria pirvel, raYTa mowfobaY misi srul vyo. xolo sada Targmani sityKsaY maiZulebda iSKT cvalebasa sityKsasa, igi Targmansa Sina iotaYTa da usakuTresiTa aRminiSnavs yovelsa adgilsa. da amiT saxiTa Zalisaebr gankrZalul var, raYTa ara sityKsa sxueobrobaman Secvaleba-mces Targmanisca da daguaWirvos marTl ganmartebuli sityuaY wmidaTa maTTaY, aramed raYTa pirvelad sityuaY samociquloY Sevasworo berZulsa Zalisaebr, TanaSewevniTa da winaZRomiTa TargmanTa da leqsikonTaYTa, rameTu ars mravali sityuaY, romel TKsagan pavles Sina egre ufro Seewyobvis qarTulad, xolo odes wmidaTa Targmanebasa Tana Seatyua, pirvelad samociqulosa sityuasa gamokulevaY una da SedarebaY da egreTRa Targmansa missa daweraY. amis pirisTKs gevedrebi yovelTa qristes moyuareTa, raYTa pavles Sina, gina sxuasa samociqulosa, amaT TargmanTagan cvalebuli sityuaY ara vin GahrToT, aramed ucvalebelad ipyarT didiTa moRuawebiTa Targmnili wmidisa mamisa GuenisaY, viTar ese meca misisave Targmnilisagan damiwerian aqa Sina samociquloni sityuani da kualad me nu mabralebel meqmnebiT adgil-adgilTa usakuTresTaTKs, rameTu araTumca pirvelad sityuaY Semedara, Targmani sityKsaY gairyuneboda da kualad Semdgomni mecnierni berZulisani mabralebel gueqmnebodes gamouZiebelad dawerisaTKs sityuaTaYsa. amisTKs nu vin Tquengani mabralobs, Tu vi- 206 - Tar me, undoman, gamoZiebad Pel-vyav da ukueTu GemiTa ZaliTa WeSmaritad cof da naRvlian var, xolo ukueTu TKT maTve wmidaTa mamaTa efTKmis da giorgis Targmnilsa wmidisa ioane oqropirisa Targmnilsa sityuasa Tana Sevatyue da egreT Zalisaebri raYme, amisTKs ukueTu vinme mabralebdes, pirvelad Sendobasa viTxov da amissa Semdgomad ganucxadeb saidumlosa gonebisa Gemisasa da vityK: ukueTu raYca raY vidre moaqamde miTargmnies da rasaca waRmarT Rirs viqnebi Targmnad da ara yovelive, Semdgomad RmrTisa da wmidisa RmrTismSobelisa yovelTa wmidaTa, efTKmis da giorgis madlisad da winadamaSuralobisa da aw meoxebisad Semiracxies, numca Seracxil var wessa Tana qristeaneTasa da kualadca vityK: ukueTu ara berTa GuenTa antonis da sabaYs locviTa qmnilad Sevhracxo yoveli niWi efTKmis da giorgis oxaTa mier moniWebuli Gemda, numca Rirs viqmnebi wyalobasa RmrTisasa! amas yovelsa vityK misTKs, ukueTu raY ipoos TargmnilTa amaT wignTa Sina GemTa Rirsi raYme RmrTisaY da Semsgavsebuli sabaYs da antonis meoxebisaY, xolo raodeni raY ars amaT Sina cTomili sityKT, gina gulisPmisyofiT, missa aRviareb, viTarmed Gemi oden ars, da vnebaTa samkKdrebelisa amis gonebisaY, simravlisa bralTaYsa da friadisa uswavlelobisa da umecrebisaY, romliTa arcaRa Tu qristeaneTa ricxusa Tana var aRracxuvad. amisTKs gxadi yovelsa naTesavsa qarTvelTa momavalTasa, rameTu Tqueni ars niWi ese da yovelTa locvisaY, raY pirvel Tquen momiteoT yovelive, raYca raY cTomilebaY ipoos, romelTaca GemTa TarnmnilTa Sina uswavlelobisaTKs da siWabukisa da uRirsebisa, da saxierebiT evedreT GemTKs RmerTsa, raYTa ara damsajos saukunod, rameTu me Zalisaebr viRuwid simarTlesa da Sedarebasa berZulisasa, mravalTa da mecnierTa moZRuarTa berZenTa da qarTvelTa gamokiTxviTa. ufalman TqueniTa locviTa mces madli yovelTa mizezTa da Zal-mweTa da sityKT da saqmiT TanaSemweTa Gemisa TargmnobisaTa da Tquen Tana mkKdr myvnes sasufevelsa missa da me _ zogad Tquen yovelTa oxiTa _ miPsnas patiJisagan yovelTa TananadebTa GemTaYsa, amin. - 207 - ese saqmisa mociqulTaYsa Targmani sityua-sityuad mravalTa Targmnilisagan Semokrebuli ars, da siPSoYsagan saxelebi TKs-TKs ara egeboda daweraY. xolo viTarca zedawarwerili cxad-hyofs, umravlesi da yovelgan wmidisa ioane oqropirisaY ars da adgil-adgilRa daerTvis sxuaTaca wmidaTaY mravalTa wignTagan erTad Sekrebuli wmidisa kKriles mier. Jer.16, 2r-3v. b) `mociqulTa saqmis Targmanebis~ anderZi23 didebaY da madlobaY dasabamsa da srulebasa yovelTa arsTasa da mizezsa da araarsisagan momyvanebelsa arsTa arsebisasa, RmerTsa Guensa, romeli-igi maradis ars da maradis samguamovan da erTars ars, romlisa momadlebiTa da wyalobiTa, meoxebiTa wmidisa RmrTismSobelisaYTa da yovelTa wmidaTaYTa da locviTa berTa GuenTaYTa sruliqmna TargmanebaYca mociqulTa saqmisaY, aw axlad Targmnili berZulisa enisagan, rameTu viTarca winaYswarmetyueli ityKs -`araTumca ufalman sabaoT damiteva Guen Tesli, viTarca sodomeli da gomorelni viqmneniT da mivemsgavseniT~ _ egreTve me, arawmidaY ese, vityK, viTarmed: araTumca locvaY wmidaTa mamaTa GuenTaY da sityuaY da swavlaY maTi qmnil iyo saWeTmpyrobelad da mmarTebel, araraYmca keTili srul-iqmna Gem [codvil]isa suliT da PorciT mwikulevanisagan, vinaYca raJams momadlebiTa berisa sabaYs locvaTaYTa mommadla RmerTman safarveli wmidisa mamisa Guenisa berisa antonisi, raYTa ara sruliad obol viqmne Semdgomad misa, maSin amisiTa brZanebiTa pirvelad ukuH samociquloTa pavles ebistoleTa da kaTolikeTa Targmani vTargmne, viTarca usaWiroesTaY. amissa Semdgomad saqmisa mociqulTaYsa TargmanebaY reca mZimed aRmiGina eSmakman, aramed cud-yo ufalman siverage misi da viTarca sakrveliTa, egreT mipyra berman antoni da ara miteva usrulad datevebaY amisi. da mas Tana-ewamnen iovane Rrama23 “mociqulTa saqmis Targmanebis~ anderZi erTaderT Q1158 xelnawerSia SemorGenili (Q1158,101v). pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis e. koWlamazaSvils (e. koWlamazaSvili, 1996; 2003, gv. 341). - 208 - tikosi sKmeonwmideli da iovane [ra]teuli, raYTa `piriTa orisa da samisa mowamisaTa daemtkicos yoveli sityuaY~. [aw ukuH] Gemi aRmiarebia sulmokleobaY, raYTa SendobaY mommadloT, da berisa antonissa vqadageb, Semdgomad RmrTisa, Pelis-apyrobasa, raYTa Tquenca, romelni ikiTxvideT gina swerdeT, mas akurTxevdiT da hmadlobdiT Q 1158, 101r. g)kaTolike epistoleTa Targmanebis anderZi24 locva yavT anriasTKs xuces-monazonisa, romeli yofil-ars mwerali berZulisa amis wignisaY, romlisagan iTargmna kaTolikeTa ese Targmani enasa Guensa. ufalo, adide didebiTa wmidaTaYTa mizezi yovelTa keTilTaY, beri Gueni antoni da misiTa madliTa Seiwyale suli iovane xuces-monazonisa, mowafisa maTisaY, romelman wyalobiTa da Pelis-apyrobiTa maTiTa didsa siglaxakesa Sina guls idgina TKsiT safasoYTa axlad Targmnilisa amis wignisaY TKsad mogebaY, salocvelad mSobelTa da ZmaTa... Q 1158, 316r d) pavles hromaelTa mimarT epistoles TavTa GaminaTvalze darTuli anderZi25 sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed ese `uwyebani mizezTani~ da `Tavni~ pavles Targmanisagan Gaweril arian pavlesa Sina berZulsa da mier _ qarTulsa, viTarca mokled yovlisa Zalisa da sityuaTa mizezisa mauwyebeli. xolo me, uRirsman efrem, mier pavlisagan gardmovweren, rameTu arRara uPmda unaklulod Targmnilsa didisa mis moZRurisa giorgi mTawmidelisasa meored TaragmnaY visganca, rameTu igi sZlevs yovelTa TargmanTa marTlgamometyuHlebiTa sity24 “kaTolike epistoleTa Targmanebis~ anderZi erTaderT Q1158 xelnawerSia SemorGenili (Q1158,101v). pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis e. koWlamazaSvils (e. koWlamazaSvili, 1996; 2003, gv. 343). 25 anderZi daculia mxolod Q1158 xelnawerSia (Q 1158, 103v). pirveli publikacis ekuTvnis e. koWlamazaSvils (e. koWlamazaSvili, efrem mciris kidev erTi ucnobi anderZi: mcire saeklesio kalendari 1999 wlisaTvis, Tb., 1999, gv. 31-32; ix. agreTve, e. koWlamazaSvili 2003, gv, 343-344). - 209 - uasa mas WeSmaritebisasa; romlisa oPaY meyavn me saukunod, viTarca undosa mtuHrsa wmidaTa ferPTa misTasa. Q 1158, 103v, e) pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis anderZi26 uwyebaY mizezsa wignisa amis mravalTa wignTa erTad Semokrebulisasa viTarmed wmidaY iovane oqropiri ars Targmani ebistoleTa pavle mociqulisa da viTarmed GuHnebiTa prokles mier xilulTa gulsavse qmnil ars ueWuHlobasa mis mier Targmnilobisasa, ese zedamiwevniT guHswavebis cxovrebisagan TKT mis wmidisa mamisa Guenisa iovane oqropirisa. xolo Tu viTar didTa TargmanTagan SemoklebiTi ese Targmani gamokrebul ars, igica mokled ganvacxadoT SewevniTa RmrTisaYTa: sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed msgavsad saxarebisa TargmanTa, vrcelad Tav-Tavoan da swavlian ars da mravalwignad ganyofil vrceli Targmani saqmisa mociqulTaYsa da kaTolikeTa da epistoleTa pavle mociqulisaTaY. garna vinaYTgan mravalwignobisagan saWiro ars glaxakTa kacTa mier mogebaY maTi, eseca GuHnTKs winaYswar izruna yovlisa winagamgebelman RmerTman da amissa viTarebasa viswavebT epistolisa misgan didisa kKrile aleqsandrielisa, romeli iZie da hpovo Tavsa wignisa mis pavles Targmnad garemowerilisasa, romlisa berZnulisagan Targmnad ewyo Guensa mas axalsa oqropirsa, wyarosa da Zirsa Targmanebisasa, wmidasa mamasa da moZRuarsa eklesiaTasa _ efTKmes mTawmidelsa da uTargmnia orTa oden ebistoleTaY, mcired naklul, xolo mizezi usrulobisa maTisaY RmerTman icis. amis wignisa TaviT kerZoY igi ebistole amas cxad_hyofs, viTarmed (gv. 236) visme moswrafesa eTx26 `pavles epistoleTa Targmanebis~ anderZi daculia erTaderT aTonur xelnawerSia (Ath.18gv. 235-238). pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis d. TvalTvaZes, (d. TvalTvaZe, efrem mciris erTi ucnobi anderZi: Tsu Zveli qarTuli enis kaTedris Sromebi, t. 27, Tb., 1988, gv. 210-221. 1989, gv. 220-221; ix. agreTve, e. koWlamazaSvili, 2003, gv. 300-302. - 210 - ova didisa kKrilesgan, raYTa pativTa zeda samociquloYsa wignisaTa waruweros Semoklebuli Zali sityKsaY, raYTa aqundes mas erTwignad pavle Targmniani. amisTKs wmidaY igi miuwers, gulsmodginebasa missa aqebs da cxad-hyofs, viTarmed oqropirisa TargmanTagan gamoukrebies mas mokle Zali sityKsaY da adgil-adgil sxuaTaca wmidaTaY daurTavs, sadaca upovnies sakiTxavTa Sina ganmartebaY samociquloYsa sityKsaY. vinaYca aw viTarca berZulisagan gKswavies, ara kKriles Targmnili ars garemowerili igi Targmani pavles sityuaTaY, aramed, viTarca TKT ityKs dasabamsa, oqropirisa TargmnilTagan wignTa Semoukrebies mokle Zali TiToeulisa sityKsaY, da viTarca umravlesi, zedawaruwerelad dautevebies misi, xolo adgil-adgil vissaTaca dahraTavs, aTanasissa gina basolisasa, grigorissa anu TKT Tavisa TKsisasa, saxelsa zeda daswers, rameTu miwyebiT da vrclad da srulebiT aravis amaTgansa uTargmnia pavle, TKnier ioane oqropirisa, aramed sakiTxavTa Sina maTTa sadaca upovnia samociquloY sityuaY ganmartebuli, igica zeda daurTavs oqropirisa Targmnisada. xolo garemoweraY igi amisTKs uqmnia, raYTa ara ganikuHTos samociquloY sityuaY, aramed ricxKTa oden da niSniTa kideTa zeda Targmani moiRebodis. amisTKsca mas ara pavles Targani hqKan, aramed pavle Targmaniani. aha, esera, daRacaTu sruli igi mravalwignad swavledi Targmani samociquloYsa wignisaY oqropirisaY ars, garna erT wignad Sekrebulica ese _ misTave TargmanTagan, ara litonisa kacisagan, aramed didisa kKri(237) le aleqsandrielisagan Semokrebul ars; da raoden igi hmats sivrciTa da swavlaTa simravliTa, egoden ese sxKT kerZo hmats _ erT wignad SemokrebiTa da mokled Zalsa sityKsasa ganmcxadeblobiTa, rameTu sivrcesa Sina swavlaTasa ganTesulsa Zalsa sityKsasa gamomrGevelad mciredni vieTnime ipovebian. amas Tana imiTca, rameTu ara xolo mis didisa pavles Targmanisagan, aramed sadaca sakiTxavTa Sina TKT mis wmidisa ioane oqropirisaTa, gina sxuaTaca vieTca wmidaTasa ipoebis samociquloYsa sityKsa TargmanebaY, yoveli aqa Semiukrebies da TiToferTa - 211 - yuavilTagan erTad golad saukunoYsa sitkboebisa morwmuneTad dauunjebies, romeli-ese aw qarTvelTa enasa srulebiT mohmadla RmreTman locviTa wmidaTa mamaTa GuenTa saba Tuxariselisa da antoni tbelisaYTa. xolo vinaYTgan garemowerili igi pativTa da ricxuTa saZiebeli saeklesiod sakiTxavad da sawereladac Znel iyo, amisTKs viTa TKT wmidisa ioane oqropirisa didTa TargmanTa Sina ars marTlgawyobil, egreT umjobesad wames berTa GuenTa da igi moTxviTad mowerili wmidisa kKriles mier, marTlgavawyveT uadvilesobad mweralTa da mkiTxvelTa; romeli usaxeloY ars, igi oqropirisaY ars yoveli, xolo adgil-adgil visica iSKT zedadaerTvis, misi saxeli sweria. ars, romel Semdgomad kKrilessa yofilTaca wmidaTa Tqumulisaganica raodenime sityuaY daurTavs adgiladgil vieTme brZenTa da gulisPmismyofelTa da igica dagKweria misiT zedawarweriliTurT, berZulTa dedaTa Sina viTa gKpovnia rGeulTa da sarwmunoTa, romelni moguHexunes uSurvelad (238) klimisagan mama da winamZRuaryofilisa sKmenwmidelTaYsa, kacisa brZnisa da GuHnda didad TanaSemwisa. ufalman wmidaTa Tana miecin sasyideli keTilisa nebisaTKs da wyalobisa Guenisa, cTomisaTKs SegKndeviT da kninisa gulsmodginebisaTKs locva-yavT. Guen erTwignobaY gKxarkebia, raYTa msgavsad samociquloYsa, Targmanica misi erT wign iyos; da amis pirisaTKs zogi adgili ZliT ikiTxvebis, xolo. Tquen Pelgewifebis or wignad farTod daweraY, romelTa RmerTman Zali mogces gardawerad. mxolod usakuTresTaTKs Tavsa zeda werili igi uwyebaY orisave wignisa Tavsa miaxuHdroT da mcireTa amaT sityuaTa adgil-adgil mozraxulTa Gem sawyalobelisa efrem mcirisaTa, daweraY nu gewyinebis, rameTu esreT maqunda brZanebaY, raYTa Sina araraY GavhTo, aramed kideTa zeda da Tavisa da boloYsa anderZTa Sina vikadro dawerad, ara maGuHneblobiTi raYme mravalmoqcevi, aramed litoni sityuaY da uwyebaY raYsaYve. momiteveT yovelive qistes mcnebisaTKs, O sayuarelno. Ath.18. gv. 235-238. - 212 - Teodorite kKrelis `filoTeon istoriis~ Sesavali27 amas wignsa ewodebis `filoTeon istoriaY~, romel ars RmrTismoyuarebiTi TxrobaY, rameTu viTar-igi `klemaqssa~ da `dioloRonsa~, igive berZuli saxeli uwodian qarTuladca, egreTve amisTKs usakuTres ars wodebad `filoTeon istoriaY~, romeli ese TKT aRmwerelisa amissa Teodoritesgan saxeldebul ara amisda. xolo saWiro ars Tqumad TKT misda TeodoritesTKsca raY uwyodiT. Teodorite ars naTesaviT antioqieli, sada-igi iSva da aRizarda da ganiswavla, romlisa sazomsa gonierebisa da swavlulebisasa cxad-hyofen aRwerilni misni, romelTa mier TavTa gamometyuHlTa da aRmwerelTa Tana Seracxil ars berZenTa Soris. rameTu vinaYTgan gamorGeul iqmna episkoposad qalaqis kKroYsa, romeli axlavs didsa qalaqsa antioqisasa, mieriTgan viTar TKT miswers leon hromTa papisa, araraY Porcieli gansagebeli uRuawies, TKnier winambrZolobaY eklesiaTaY, rameTu ityKs, viTarmed: ~samasi eklesisaY SevsZine mwvalebelTa da mekerpeTangani marTlmadidebelTa eklesisa~. amas Tana yovelTa ZuHlTa da axalTa wignTa Targmanebani aRuwerian dabadebiTgan vidre samociqulomde da sxuani pirad-piradni saeklesioni JamTa moTxrobani da bunebaTa metyuHlebani, rameTu siWabukiTgan iwyo da didad sibered miiwia. aramed SuriTa eSmakisaYTa dakninda warmatebulebaY misi, raJams TanaSemweobisaTKs TKsisa mamaTmTavrisa antioqielpatriarqisa, winaaRmdgomni Tavni dawerna. kKriles mimarT aleqsandrielisa (187v), rameTu drtKnvides misTKs, romel TKnier Tanadaxudomisa maTisa qmna man krebaY efesoYsaY da gankueTaY nistorisi. vinaYca winaaRdgomaY kKrilesi Semweobad nistorissa Seuracxes mas da ganagdes eklessiT, vidremdis brZanebiTa leon hromTa papisaYTa kualad Sei27 kolofoni daculia A689 (187r-187v) da A682 (91v-93v) xelnawerebSi. pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis T. Jordanias (T. Jordania, qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa, Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T. Jordanias mier, wigni II, tf., 1897, gv. 40-42). - 213 - wynara igi krebaman xalkidonisaman da saydarsa TKssa dasues da ricxusa maTsa TanaaRmavsebel yunes. da mieriTgan yovelni xalkidonisa krebisa Semwynarebelni Teodoritessa Seiwynareben da mxolod TavTa maT mis mier dawerilTa winaaRsadgomelad kKrilessa SeaGuHneben da ganagdeben, xolo sxuani werilni misni didad warGinebulad sazepurod hqonan, da TKT Teodorite, viTarca arsca winambrZolad marTlmadidebelTa krebulisa aqus ZlierebisaTKs sityuaTa misTaYsa da brwyinvalebisaTKs cxorebisa misisa. amis mier aRwerilisa amis `filoTeon istoriaYsaY~ mosurne iyo wmidaY da RmerTSemosili beri GuHni antoni da misiTa brZanebiTa da locviTa iTargmna ese TKT misdad, raYTa msgavsTa Tana iSuHbdes. romelTame hxvdebodis, xolo romelTame Seesworebodis da arsmca viTar igi ars, maTebrve srul RuawliTa da maTTave Semkul gKrgKniTa. xolo aqus wignsa amas friadi siRrme sityKsaY, umravlesi berZulad da aramciredi qarTuladca, romlisa SecvalebaY da gamartivebaY ara Znel iyo, garna SemindeviT uRirssa Tquensa, efrem mciresa, rameTu esreT umjobes vhgone, raYTa xati da moqcevi sityuaTaY igive aqundes berZulisaY, rameTu eseca arave uPmar ars maTTKs, romelni mravalJam zrdil arian sZiTa sityuaTa martivobisaYTa da miwevnul hasaksa moqenesa mtkicisa sazrdelisasa. xolo moqceobaY sityuaTaY amis wignisaTaY eseviTari raYme ars: rameTu raJams sibrZnismoyuare an RmrTismgalobelTa mwyobri Tquas monazonTa saxelad, rameTu WeSmaritad filosofosad, ese igi ars sibrZnismoyuarebad, WeSmaritsa monazonebasa saxel-edebis, xolo RmrTismgalobelobaY wmidisa dionisiis sityuaTaY ars, da kualad, raJams monastersa ityodis, odesme arved uPmobs, odesme sibrZnissawurTellad, odesme stadionad. ese da eseviTari qceulebaY, ginaTu TxzulebaY sityKsaY ara uPmar ars swavlismoyuareTa da keTilad gamomeZiebelTaTKs, raYTa ganhnzadnes uRrmesTadre wignTaTKs. zanduki wignisa amis: a. iakobisTKs b. ivlianesTKs - 214 - g. markianesTKs d. evsevisTKs e. poplioYsTKs v. sKmeonisTKs ZuHlisa z. paladisTKs, romel ars palade wmidaY H. afraatesTKs T. petresTKs i TeodosisTKs, romelsa arasusisa Teodos wmidaY uSenebia ia. romanosisTKs ib. zinosisTKs ig. makedonoYsTKs id. maYsumaYsTKs ie. akefsimaYsTKs iv. maronoYsTKs iz. abrahamisTKs iH. evsevisTKs iT. salamanisTKs k. marisTKs ka. iakobisTks kb. TalasoYsTKs da limanasoYsTKs kg. ivnesTKs kd. levinaYsTKs da polKtronoYsTKs ke. asklipioYsTKs kv. sKmeonisTKs halabelisa kz. varadatisTKs kH. malelesTKs kT. maranaYsTKs da kKraYsTKs l. domninaYsTKs sityuaY saRmrToYsa siyuarulisaTKs rameTu SKdni Txrobani TaviT kerZoni sxuaTagan smenilni dauwerian ZuHlad yofilTani, xolo rviTgan ocdaerTamde maTni, romelni misTa JamTa aRsrulebul arian da TualiTaca uxilavn, xolo ocdaerTiTgan sxuani yovelni jereT maSin cocxal yofil arian, odes ese maTTKs dauwerian. A 689,187v; A682 ,91v-93v. - 215 - `filoTeon istoriis~ anderZi28 didebaY da madlobaY, pativi da TayuaniscemaY mamasa da Zesa, wmidasa sulsa, romelman meoxebiTa wmidisa RmrTismetyuelisaYTa da yovelTa wmidaTa srul-yo eseca wigni mamaTaY locviTa berTa GuenTaYTa. gevedrebi yovelTa, mkiTxvelTa da msmenelTa da gardamwerelTa, raYTa locvasa hyofdeT RmerTSemosilisa antoni tbelisaTKs, moZRuarTa, mSobelTa, ZmaTa da SvilTa maTTKs, romelman oxiTa TKsiTa RmrTisa mimarT ubrZana pirutyul saxeobasa Gem mcirisa da undoYsa efrem unarGevesisa mowafeTa misTaYsa, raYTa saxelad siwmidisa misisa gamovTargmno berZulisagan axlad qarTvelTa enasa cxorebaY ese wmidaTa amaT mamaTaY, romelni ganbrwyindes antioqias da garemoYs sanaxebsa da sabrZanebelTa Soris misTa. ukueTu raY aqa Sina keTilad qmnili gepoos, igi RmrTisa (277v) samadlobel da maTda salocvel yavT, xolo me cTomilebaY oden momiteveT, rameTu igi oden ars Gemi udebebisa da uRirsebisa nayofi, xolo keTili yoveli RmrTisaY ars da TargmanebaY ese Gemi sabaYs da antonis madliTa da locviTa qmnil ars, romelTaY saukunomca ars saPsenebeli da kurTxevaY maTi. A 689, 277r-v; A 682, 183v basili kesarielis `asketikonis~ anderZi29 sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed umetes aTormetisa wlisa JamTa movelodeniT patiosnisa mRdelisa prokopis mier Targmnilsa asketikas amas wmidisa basilissa. ginaTu JamTa 28 anderZi Semonaxulia A 689 (277r-v) da A 682(183v) xelnawerebiT. pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis T. Jordanias. T. Jordania mas SecdomiT paladi helenopolelis `lavsaikonis~ anderZad miiGnevs. (T. Jordania, qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa, Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T. Jordanias mier, wigni I, tf., 1892, gv. 220; meore gamocema, Tb., 2004. 29 anderZi Semonaxulia A689 xelnawerSi (187r). pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis T. Jordanias (T. Jordania, qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa, Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T. Jordanias mier, wigni II, tf., 1897, gv. 39-40; ix. agreTve, e. xinTibiZe, 1968, gv. 176). - 216 - sihavisa anu kacTa sigriliTa aravin mogKtana arca zemoYT, arca samefoYT, amisTKs, viTarca sasowarkueTili misgan, brZanebiTa wmidisa mamisa antoni tbelisaYTa pirvel esodenTa welTa dawyebulsa viiZule berZulisagan Targmnad, rameTu maSin mewyo oden da raY mesma, davacade dRiTi-dRe wyurielad molodebiTa misiTa. xolo aw SiSiTa JamTa da gzaTagan ver moRwevnisaYTa, vTargmne amiT gulissityKTa, raYTa ukueTu odesme moiwios misi Targmnili, misi ipyraT, viTarca uxucesisaY da ese _ viTarca umrwemesisaY. da raYme mun hmatdes, gina _ aqa, orTaganve umjobesi SeiZineT da sxuaHbriobaY nuve gikKrs, rameTu TKT berZulnica wignni viTarca vin dedaY povis, egre gardaYwerebian da TKT orTa wignis sacavTa sKmeonwmidisaTa `asketikonni~ sxKTa da sxKT hmatdes urTierTas, amisTKs TualisaYca moviReT da TKT maTve berZenTa ubrZnesTa da usulieresTa kiTxviTa Zalisaebri sisrule da simarTle vixarke. A 689, 187r dionise areopegelis TxzulebaTa Targmanze darTuli kolofonebi a) winabWe sityKsa-TxrobaY didisa dionKsisTKs da wignTa maTTKs, mis mier aRwerilTa30 aznaurebisaTKs ukue da simdidresa Sina uwarGinebulesisa didisa dionKsisa mxolod saganmzraxoY igi aTinelTa kma ars mauwyeblad, romelsa Sina ese msajuli ganGinebul iyo, rameTu: erTi areopagelTagani iyo igi, viTarca saRmrToY luka sacnaur hyofs, mogKTxrobs raY saqmeTa did-didTa da wmidaTa mociqulTasa, romelsa Sina ityKs, viTarmed: miiwia raY aTinad wmida mociquli 30 daculia or xelnawerSia A110(1r-2v) da A163(gv. 1-15). gamocemulia i. lolaSvilis mier, . (i. lolaSvili, fsevdo-dionisesa da petre iberielis identurobis problema qarTul da evropul mecnierebaSi, Tb., 1973, gv. 107-116; ix. misive, areopagituli krebuli, dionise areopageli da petre iberieli ZvelqarTul mwerlobaSi, gamosacemad moamzada i. lolaSvilma, Tb., 1983, gv. 70-77). - 217 - pavle, miemTxKa vieTme sityuad epikurelTa filosofosTa da stoaYsaganTa da uqadaga sarwmunoebaY uflisa iesu qristeYs mimarT, aRdgomaY mkudarTaY da sasjeli sayovelTaoY, vinaYca Sepyrobil iqmna usibrZnismoyuareTa maTgan ara-filosofosTa, rameTu ara-WeSmaritebiT filosofos iyvnes, da miiyvanes areopaged. da ezraxa raY ersa, myis warmostyunna maTganni vieTnime da Secvalebul yvna naTlisa mimarT WeSmaritisa, romlisTKs dasZinebs mraval-ganTqumuli igi aRmwereli amis TxrobisaY amas: "esreT pavle gamovida Soris maTsa da vieTnime kacni maTganni Seudges mas da hrwmena; romelTa Soris iyo dionKsios ariopageli da dedakaci, saxeliT damaris, da sxuani maT Tanani". xolo esera litonad vismen yovelTa Soris, maSin morwmune-qmnulTa didisa pavles mier mxolod-warGinebulisa, viTar dionKsis saxel-debiT moPsenebasa yovlad brZenisa aRmwerelisa zedadarTviTa pativisa misisaTa aRswers, viTarmed: ariopageli ufroYsRa amier [... ] da cxorebisa warGinebulTa [... . ] igi umTavresi dasxdian da ganizraxKdian saganmzraxosa mas Sina ariopagisasa, rameTu cxorebaY maTca mTavarTa aTinelTasa daadginebdian raY, ariopagelni Semoukrebian maT msajulad, viTarca androtion ityKs meoresa wignsa Sina aTinelTasa, xolo ukanaYsknelTa umravlesad iqmna saganmzraxod igi ariopagia, ese igi ars, kacTa ricxKT ormeocdaaTerTmetTa, garna maTca mamul-keTilTa gardametebulTaY, viTar-igi pirvel vTqu, simdidriTa da siwmidiTa cxorebisaYTa, viTarca mogKTxrobs filoxoros mesamiTa wigniTa maTve aTinelTaYTa. xolo garegan qalaqsa iyo samsjavroY igi ariopagelTaY, wodebuli esreT, viTar-igi zRaprismetyueleben aTinelni, rameTu TKT mas mwuervalsa zeda qalaqisa da mTisasa samsjavroY Semokrba Soris posidonissa da ares. rameTu posidon sasjeli Tqua ares mimarT adgilsa mas Sina ZuelTa maTebr zRaprobaTa aTonelTasa [... ... . ] da viTarmed: ares mier mokluli ars Ze misi alliroTos, vinaYca amier ewoda paRossa mas `ariopaRos~, romel ars - 218 - `mTa areoYsi~, rameTu `paRos~ mTisa saxeli ars. amas adgilsa ganisjebodes aTinelni yovelTaTKsve kninodenTaca bralTa da uSjuloebaTa, viTar-igi yovelsave warmoityKs androtion pirvelsa, xolo filoxoros _ meoresa da mesamesa wignsa Sina aTinelTasa. amisTKsca, viTarca axalTa eSmakTa momTxrobeli, Seipyres wmidaY mociquli pavle, Txrobisaebr WeSmaritebismoyuarisa lukaYssa, hrques gancofefebulisa mis sibrZnisa trfialTa maT da moizidvides saganmzraxod ariopagisa. aramed maSindelisa mis mTavarman ariopagelTa bWobisaman, didman dionosi, viTarca Tualuxuavman msajulman [qmna] Tualuxuavica ganGinebaY WeSmarityofisa suliTa SemosilTa maT sityuaTa pavlesTa, vinaYca myis friad axovnad [... . . ] sasargeblosa mas ariopagisas [... ... ] mxedvelad msajulad gulisPma-yo mamisa sityuaY da Ze mxolodSobili da [suli wmidaY da] qadagebda da esreT iqmna Svil naTlisa [... . . ], daRacaTu hromTa epyra maSin martodmpyrobelobaY [... ... . ], aramed TKTsjulad daetevnes aTinelni da lakedemonelni. vinaYca mermeca Semdgomad sarwmunoebad moslvisa didi dionKsi aTinelTave da ariopagelTa Soris moqalaqobda. srul iqmna ukue yovlisa sacxorebeliTa sjuliTa pavles mier yovlad Zlierisa. xolo moRurebiTa ganiswavla didi dionKsi ieroTeoYsgan, yovlad warGinebulisa, viTarca TKT netari igi ityKs. amissa Semdgomad dadginebul iqmna meSKdisa wignisaebr samiciquloTa ganwesebisaTa sakKrveli dionKsi pavlesgan qristeSemosilisa episkoposad aTinas myofTa morwmuneTaY. xolo moiPseneben wmidisa dionKsisTKs ariopagelisa dionKsios Zueli, episkoposi korinTelTaY da polKkarpos aTinelTa mimarTsa Sina epistolesa. da ars sakKrvel simarTle da mraval-swavlebaY wmidisa amis doinKsi areopagelisaY, viTar WeSmaritebiT Seiwynara man yovelnive saeklesioTa wesTa da sjulTa ubraloebiTni wesierebani mocemulni da mocvalna WeSmaritebisa mimarT saeWuelni igi sjulni warmarTTa maT filosofosTani, vinaYca umetesad sawyalobel ars da Tana-sityKer warmdebebaY sulmokleTa maT gamomeZiebel- 219 - Ta keTilisa swavlulebisaTaY, romelni TKsTa uswavlelobasa Tana-Seazomen sxuaTaca kacTa keTilad warmarTebasa. eseviTarni igi raJams miemTxKnen aRwerilTa vieTTame, romelTa-igi nuukue da ara Sedgomil iyunian Zalsa sityuaTasa, myis ganukiTxvelad hyofen Sesmenasa aRmwerelisas da ese maSin, odes yovlad ver-SemZlebel iyvnian warmarTebad da mxilebad bralobisa maT, romelTa-igi dasdebdian maT zeda. jer iyo, raYTamca Tavisa TKsisa mimarT moaqcies yovelive risxvaY TKsi da ufroYsRa [... ... . . ], rameTu ver SemZlebel iqmnnes moswrafebiT swavlad da cnobad WeSmaritsa Zalsa maT TqumulTasa, romelTa ver wina-uyus Semsgavsebul swavlis moyuare [... ... ... ... ... . ], romelni mwvaleblobiT ginebad kadnier iqmnebian didisa dionKsissa, viTarca yovlad umecarni mwvalebelTa viTarebisani, rameTu: ukueTumca TKToeulisa Zali satyuaTa maT mis mier dasjolTaY Tana-Seatyunes mwvalebelTa sityuasa, maSinmca ixiles eseoden msgavsebaY maTi urTierTas, raoden naTeli _ bnelsa da WeSmaritebaY _ tyuvilsa. rameTu raY Tquan, esmodis raY amisgan RmrTismetyuelebaY mxolod TayuanisacemelisaTKs wmidisa samebisa, anu kualad raY mizez-idgan qadagebasa Sina erTisa mis yovlad netarisa arsebisaganisa iesu qristes mxolodSobilisa sityKsa RmrTisa srulebiTisa gankacebisasa, anu ara sulsa goniersa ityKs misTKs da PorcTa miwisaganTa msgavsTa GuenTa da sxuasa yovelsave, raodeni raY Tqumul ars maTTKs moZRuarTa mier marTlgamometyuelTa, anu raYsa [... ... . ] abralon mas cnobadTaTKs da sacnaurTa grZnobadTaTKs da sagrZnobelTa anu sayovelTaoYsa misTKs aRdgomisa Guenisa; viTar-igi yofad ars PorciTa da suliTa da maSin yofadTa maTTKs samsjavroTa da garGevaY marTalTa da ver egeviTarTaYsa, raYTa mokled vTqua: [... . . ] maT mimarT xedavs yoveli cxorebaY Gueni, romelTa aw srulad warmoTqumaY ara samarTal ars, aramed Jamad-Jamadsa Sina Targmanebasa TKToeulisa sityKsasa SeviswavloT yoveli igi. `he, _ metyKan, _ he, egreT arso, aramed ara aRwera sityuani misni evsevi pamfilesman da arca ras orige- 220 - ni moiPsenebs maTTKs!~ romelTa mimarT vityK, viTarmed: mravalTa wignTa Tana warxdebis [... ... ], raodeni ara miiwines PelTa misTa, rameTu arcaRa [miwevn]ul ars zogan yovelTa da ufroYsRa TKT aRiarebs [... ... . ], viTarmed: mravalni da ricxvis mZleni wignni ara-mowevnul arian missa da mravalTaY Zal-medva moPsenebad, romelni TKT misTave [... . ], viTar-igi Kmeneosisi da narsisoYsi, romelni mRdelobdes Jamsa mas. xolo me mimTxueul var raodenTame wignTa KmeneosisTa. amas Tana kualad arcaRa [... ... ... . . ]mulni aRwerna, arca hromisa klementosisTa, TKnier xolo orTa ebistoleTasa da arca sxuaTa b[... ... ... . o]rigeni ara uwyi Tu yovelTa, garna mxo[... ... ... ... . ]TaY oden moiPsena: `aramed diakoni vinme hromosa, saxeliT petre, miTxrobda me, viTarmed: yovelnive wigni sakKrvelisa dionKsisni cocxlad daSTomil da mdebare arian didsa mas Sina wignissacavsa hromTa eklesiisasa~. xolo umravlessa maTgansa miswers samgzis sanatrelsa timoTes, mowafesa wmidisa pavle mociqulisa, efeselTa episkoposisa, romeli-igi zedamdgomel iyo mravalswavlulTa maT filosofosTa ioniaYs-efesoYsaTa. da mravali raY SeemTxueoda maTgan kiTxviTa da gamoZiebiTa, viTarca Seetyuebis veragTa gareSisa filosofosobisaTa, amisTKs miswers missa, raYTa ZaliTa amaT TqumulTaYTa Zlier iqmnes umetesad wina-aRdgomad maTda, da sawarmarToTave sityuaTa miscems dasaPsnelad sibrZnisa sawarmarToYsa, romeli-ese ara-Seumsgavs ars, vinaYTgan yovlad RmrTismoyuaremanca mociqulman pavle sawarmarToni raYme iPumia sityuani, nuukue da smeniT swavlulni maxlobelTa vieTganme misTa gamocdilTa sawarmarToYsa filosofosobisaTa. xolo guauwyebs Guen WeSmaritebismoyuarebasa didisa amis dionosissa wuliladi ganxilvaY aRwerilTa misTaY, viTar marTliad da ucvalebelad moiPsenebs maT Sina sityuasa mis Tana zrdilTa kacTasa; raodenni SemouRia `saqmisagn mociqulTa wignisa~, gina Tu mravalsargebelTa maTgan `ebistoleTa pavle mociqulisaTa~, viTar TKToeulisa maTisa sityuaY martivad da uwualebelad - 221 - mouPsenebies. da kualad ufroYs amaT yovelTasa ars ucTomelobaY misi SjulTa Sina marTlmadideblobisaTa. uwyi, viTarmed: moTxrobiTa mosaPsenebelTa maT da ufroYsRa ganvrcelebiTTa sityuaTa jer-iyo TargmanebaY mraval-swavlulebiTTa amaT aRwerilTa misTaY, garna Tav-Tavoanad Sevamokle ganmartebaY, raodeni itevda garemoweraY wignisaY da TargmanebaY, ganvhmarten Semdgomobani amaT sakiTxavTani, romelnica-ese aw GemTa PelTa mowevnul arian, romelTa gangebulebaY vyav mindobiTa RmrTisa yovlad ZlierTa SemweobaTaYTa. sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed xuT wignad ganiyofvis erTi ese wigni wmidisa dionisisi, xolo TKTeulsa arian Tavni esoden: [saRmrToTa saxelTaTKs, zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaTKs], saeklesioYsa mRdel-mTavrobisaTKs, saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaTKs. oTxni ese wignni yovelni timoTes mimarT arian. ebistoleni aTni: gaiosis mimarT _ oTxni, doroTes mimarT _ a, sosopatroYs mimarT _ a, polKkarpoYs mimarT _ a, dimofiloYs mimarT _ a, tites mimarT _ a, RmrTimetyuelisa mimarT _ a. uwyebaY jer-ars, viTarmed, sxuanica aRwerilni wmidisa dionKsisni moiPsenebian wignsa amas Sina, romelni arRa mowevnul arian Guenda. xolo moiPsenebian esreT: `saxelTaTKs RmrTisaTa~ meoresa Tavsa Sina ityKs: `ese Guen mier sxuaTaca gamoZiebiT gamoGinebul ars samaradisod yovelTaTKs RmrTiv-SuenierTa saxelTa da ara zomierad raYme~ da Semdgomi amisi. da kualad Semdgomad mciredisa ityKs: `ese Guen aw amas Sina mcired da zogebiT warmogKTquams, xolo sxuaTa adgilTa _ mravlad da kma-sayofelad sityuaTagan gamocxadebulTa~. da Semdgomad mciredisa meoTxesa Tavsa Sina: ` da raodeni raY sxua Tqumul ars Gem mier TKsebiTa Sina angelozebrTa~. da kualad ityKs: `da raodeni raY sxuaY Tqumul ars Gem mier TqumulTa maT Sina sulisaTKs~. da dasasrullsa amis meoTxisa Tavisasa ityKs, viTarmed: `ese Guen mier Zalisaebr kma-sayofelad iTqumoded TavTa maT Sina samarTlisa da saRmrToYsa msjavrisaTKs TqumulTa~. xolo `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavrobisaTKs~ TqumulTa Sina dasas- 222 - rulsa meSKde Tavisas ityKs: `ese zeSTaoboTni qebis-metyuelebani zeSTacaTa gonebaTni, aha, egera, saRmrToTa qebaTa Sina raoden dasatevnel iyo, gangKmartebian~. xolo `saeklesioYsa mRdelT-mTavrobisaTKs~ pirvelsa Tavsa Sina mcired Semdgomad dawyebisa ityKs, viTarmed: `ese Guen mier sacnaurTa da grZnobadTaTKs Tqumulsa Tavca Sina uvrcelesad-re Tqumuli ars~. da kualad Semdgomad mciredisa amasve sakiTxavsa moiPsenebs. xolo `saidumlod RmrTismetyuelebisa~ Sina dawyebasa mesame Tavisasa ityKs, viTarmed: `RmrTismetyuelebiTTa ganwesebaTa Sina usakuTresni warTqumiTisa RmrTismetyuelebisani vigalobeniT da Semdgomad raodenisame kualad ityKs, viTarmed: `saxiereba raodeni raY igalobebis saRmrToTa sityuaTa mier Tqumuli RmrTis-metyuelebiTTa ganwesebaTa Sina~ ese da ese raYme. amisa [... ... ... ] didisa amis moZRurisaYTa [... ... ... ] wignTa misTagnni ara mowevnul [... ... ... ], viTar-ese adgil-adgil Guenda mowevnulTa, arca wignTa Sina iwamebs sityuasa sxKsa mis mier Tqumulisa sakiTxavisasa, romeli amas wignsa Sina ara ipoebis. zemoT daiwera, viTarmed, aTsamet arian Tavni pirvelisa wignisa `saRmrToYsa saxelTaTKs~ Tqumulisani. amaT aTsammetTa TavTa Sina pirveliT TaviTgan vidre meeqused Tavadmde ipoebian asni Tavni, romelTa zanduki aqa aRgKweries. A 110, gv.1-8; A163, gv. 1-15. b) `saRmrToTa saxelTaTKs~ anderZi31 kurTxevaY vrcelTa dionisios oxaTa ieroTeTurT aT ZalTa sulisaTa. didebaY da madlobaY dasabamsa da srulmyofelsa yovelTa keTilTasa RmerTsa, romlisa wyalobiTa srul iqmna erTi ese xuTTagani wignTa wmidisa dionosisTaY, pirveli wigni _ `TargmanebaY saRmrToTa saxelTaY~, meoxebiTa yovlad wmidisa RmrTismSobelisaTaY da wmidisa sKmeon sakKrvelTmoqmedisaYTa da locviTa berTa GuenTa sabaYs da antonisiTa da elisaYsTa (da maT Tanave moRuawe31 anderZi sam xelnawerSi gvaqvs daculi: A110(98r), S 159 (gv. 174 da K416 (151v). ix. petre iberieli, 1961, gv. 019. - 223 - biTa da zrunviTa kirile aleqsandrielisaTa + S159-Si) , romelTa PsenebaY da netarebaY saukuno iyavn. locvaY yavT, qristesmoyuareno, ioanesTKs, saRmrToT filasofosisa da Porcielad Rrammatikosisa, rameTu locvasave Tana zemoPsenebulTa mamaTa igi iqmna pir, gonebaY da sityua pirutyuTa uugunuresisa efrem mcirisa, romeli aRviareb, viTarmed ara Tumca igi yofiliyo moZRuar da Zalmwe Gemda, mixedvadca ver vikadrebdi mzis Tualsa amis wignisasa, romelsa Sina Gemi cTomilebaY oden ars. momiteveT da locva yavT. A 110 98r; S 159, gv. 174. grigol nazianzelis homiliaTa Targmanebze darTuli kolofonebi a) grigol nazianzelis homiliaTa Teqvsmetyviani krebulis `Tavisa anderZi~32 bersa kKrikes mcire efrem. rameTu cecxl gamuscemdi saRrtilsa WeSmaritad [... ] moZRuarTa Tana mZov miT saRmrToYsa siyuarulisaYTa vikadrebT g... . . aTl... ... d, adgilTa Sina da wdomiTa aRmavsebeli ege Pe[ ... ]. da damdablebuli mTaTa borcuHbisaY. rquaY Tu, cxad ars, viTarmed swavlad, romeli ara mes[wa]va da cnobad Senda mraval JameuliTa sibrZniTa, brZenTa Soris cxadsa da gamoZiebulsa, mravalT saZiebelsa da friad mciredT sacnobelsa viTarebasa da raodenTa yuavilTagan erTTgolobasa RmrTismetyuHlebisa goleulTasa. 32 SemorGenilia erTaderTi ierusalimuri xelnaweriT (Jer.43,1r-4r). anderZis pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis robert bleiks (r. bleiki, efrem mciris literaturuli moRvaweobidan: `mimomxilveli~, I, tf., 1926, gv. 157-172); ix. agreTve: n. mari, ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqos wignTsacavis qarTuli xelnawerebis mokle aRweriloba, dasabeWdad moamzada e. metrevelma, Tb., 1955, gv. 71-76; T. bregaZe, grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba Tb., 1988, gv. 147-149. - 224 - amisa qmnaY Senda jer iyo, romelman zeda miwevniT uwyi rabamobaY berZenTa da qarTvelTa enebisaY. da awca, yoveli keTili da jerovani SeniTa locviTa ioxes GuHnTKs RmrTisa mimarT da wmidaTa misTa, vinaYca momiteve mraval weliwdeuli da vidre amis sityKs smenadmdeca urGebaY, ufroYsRa moSiSebaY, rameTu did sakadrebel iyo Gemda Sesvlad SeuvalTa. ara Tumca Sen mePumie mosed da Suamdgomelad, ufroYsRa Pidad wiaRmyvanebelad RmrTisa wyalobiTa mTxreblisa momarT GemTa uRirsebTaYsa. garna raY u[yo] mabralobelTa or kerZo da mraval [k]erZo ganyofilTa, viTar romelnime Gemisa silaRiT hgoneben meored Targmnisa kadrebasa, xolo romelnime, wmidasa mas abraloben s[... . . ] TargmnisaTKs, romelTa gulsavsebi. [ ... . . ]. regan wesisa vs[ ... ... ] ara viTarca RmrTisa da wmidisa RmrTis [... . ], yovelTa wmidaTa da maTTave Gemdad wmidad g[ ... Se]racxilisa da piriTa aRsarebulisa mamisa Guenisa efTKmes mierad Semiracxies, raYca raY wmidaTa werilTagani gulisPma miyofies, anu reca miTargmnia, uvarismyofelTa Tana RmrTisaTa iyavn nawili Gemi. rameTu viTar-ege gamowulilviT uwyis Tquenman dRiTa da madliTa mimPcovnebelman, ara saRramatikosoTa, arca safilosofosoTa, aramed Semdgomni Targmanni pirvel damaSuralTa TargmanTa wignebisagan ganviswavlebiT. da viTarca RmrTisad, egreTve GuenTa uwinaresTad SevhracxT madlsa mas da maTsa meoxebasa Zalmwed viPumevT, viTarca yovelTa wmidaTasa; amiT ganviswavlebiT, amiT vTargniTca. ara raoden Gueni RirsebaY iyos, aramed raoden maTman da yovelTa ZmaTa da mamaTa GuHnTa qarTvelTa locvaman moguaniWos; xolo ukueTu maTTa TargmnilTaca Sina raYme vixiloT daSTomilad, anu siswrafisagan, anu dedisa da TargmanTa ver povnisagan, anu SemdgomTa gardamwerelTa ganryunisa, mas ara GuHngan, aramed sxuaTa mier saanjmno qmnilsa, Semdgomad sxuaTa mierisa iZulebiT didiTa gamokiTxviTa da mravalTa wignTa da moZRuarTa Tana mimoslviTa, SiSiT da ZrwoliT, vikadrebT ganmarTebad; romelnime ukue SuriT - 225 - da PdomiTa, anu viTar-igi vieTme TquHs GemTKs, Tavisa umjobesad gamoGinebisaTKs vqmna, anu miqmnies, ucxomca var cmrTisagan da yovelTa wesTa qristianobisaTa. rameTu anbani berZulisa da qarTulisaY maTgan miswavies, Semdgomad RmrTisa, da mieriTgan raYcaRa visgan viswavlo, mas maTdave Sevhracx, rameTu maTiTa eniTa vzraxav da maTiTa yuriTa mesmis, da maTiTa PeliTa vSurebi da ukueTu maTiTave Gemda datevebuliTa ketebiTa da uroebiTa maTsa axod gakafulsa da lodovanebisagan yanobir qmnilsa Sina adgil-adgil simaSuraliTa daSTomili maTda Ziri anu kide aRmovkafo, amas maTsa maTTagan maTdave SevswiravT. vinaYca eseve ukueTu TKnier Surisa, krZalulebiT gamoZiebiTa da WeSmaritis moyuariTa cnobiTa GemTaca vinme TargmnilTa SeamTxKos ganmarTlebaY SecTomilisaY, ufalman misces sasyideli gulismodginebisaY. mxolod amiTve gulis sityKTa minebs, raYTa meyos, viTar ese me miqmnies da winaSe eseviTarTa ganmxilvelTa, viTar ege ars Tqueni saRmrTod zedamxedvelobaY. garna viTarca sxuaY yoveli umecrebaY, eseca momiteveT, rameTu Tavisa ganmarTebaY ucxo ars wesTagan samonaznoTa, da mozraxvisa amis Gemisa mizezi ars gulsavse yofisa ZmaTaYsa wadierebaY, rameTu Tquan, saRmrToYTa suliTa ganbrZnobilTa mamaTa da yovelive cxad ars sulisa wmidisa Tquen Soris mkKdrobiTa ganPdil yoveli bneli umecrebisaY. amas yovelsa Tana uwyi, rameTu viTar-igi pirvel usmobisaTKs, egreTve aw dayovnebisaTKs vibralo da nuve mabralobT, rameTu ara viTar vhgoneb equseul, armed mrGobl equseulca iqmnes TuHni Gemisa amaT aTequsmetTa sakiTxavTa Sromisani da mcired warmarT. da daRacaTu Tquen iswrafdiT SiSiTa amier micvalebisaYTa, garna ese niWi RmrTisa, romel jereT PorcTaRa Sina yofasa, Sen PorcT zeSTaYsasa, amaT miiRes aRsasruli, rameTu arcaRa SesaZlebel iyo garewarad qmnaY amaT adgilTaY, sada sityuaTa SecvalebaY mixudeboda. rameTu raJams cvalebaY mindis sityuaTa, pirvelad TargmniTa gavhmarTi da Targmani arave kma viyav umetesisa gulsavsebisaTKs, ar- 226 - amed umravlesi maT sityuaTaY weriT antioqs Sevicani da didisa sapatriarqoYsa filosofosTa da mitropolitTa da TKT mier yovelTa ubrZnesisa wmidisa meufisa mier gamoviZie saeWK yovelive. vinaYca numca ukKrs, ukueTu wmidaY mamaY Gueni efTKme amaTgansa rasme Tana warPda, da siGGoebasa Guenisa naTesavisasa sZiTa zrdida da mxliTa. xolo aw mis mier aRzrdili eri misiTave madliTa mtkicisa sazrdelisa moqene iqmna. da rameTu mas pavlesgan eswava ese da urwyulobasa Zlierisa amis RmrTismetyuelisa wignisa RKnisasa ganhzavebda wyalTagan sulierTa, raJams sityua-simokle moZRurisaY ganavrcis litonisa erisaTKs, rameTu maSin Gueni naTesavi liton iyo da GGKl misdadmde, amisTKs raYsme TarnmanTaganica wmidisa sityuaTa Sina ganezava. xolo Sen, Tavadi ege winamZRuari Guen mis mier aRzrdilTaY, mebrve amas wadier iqmen, raYTa zeda darTuli yoveli da Targmanisagan GarTuli dauteo da TKT wmidisa oden sityuani martod vTargmnne. amis pirisaTKs didad daviyovne, da odes ZuHlman wamzidis zepiriT Psovnebisa GuHulebaman, rameTu ZuHli wina ara mdebia, garna daRaTu davweri raYme, romeli ara iyvis dedasa, ar daviconi kulad aPocad da marTlad dawerad. RmerTman TqueniTa madliTa akurTxen da netar yven suli basili RramatikosisaY da Seundven amis dedisa Gemda momcemelTa, ucTomelad da gamowulilviT gaemarTa da yovelni dajerebul iqmnnes amas dedasa. xolo aw, aha, TqueniTa locviTa wina dagKc ese. da ZuHlisa misda yovlad ara Sexebul varT, da Tquen mier vevedrebi yovelTa, aw myofTa da momavalTa, raYTa mas pativ scemden, viTarca wmidisa moZRurisasa da amas arave ganagdebden, viTarca arawmidisa da unarGevesisa mowafisasa. igi yovelTa eklesiaTa zeda ganfenili brwyinavs, xolo ese iSKT vieTsame idvas gulisPmismyofelTaTKs, ese cxad hyofdin sityua-simoklesa da siRrmesa didisa grigoli RmrTismetyuelisasa, xolo igi _ sityua sivrcesa da ganaTlebasa wmidisa mamisa Guenisa efTKmessa, rameTu eseca misive ars da aqa uwuliles gamoZiebuli, masve gza uyofies GuHnda. - 227 - xolo ukueTu lomi ver cidamtkavelebr xldeboda karebsa filosofosTasa, amas anacvale lomebrivobaY misi da meufebrivobaY krTomisaY, rameTu yoveli mWeli RmrTismetyuelisaY mas aedva uremsa qarTvelTasa, xolo me misTave sanTliTa PuvilniRa aRmikrebian datKrTvad uremsa missa. da ukueTu vinme ikKrvebdis amaT axal TargmnilTa sityuaTa wignisa uGuHulobasa, anu sxuHobrobasa, anu RmrTismetyuelebisasa sityuaTa mifarulebasa, romeli mas nuukueda erisa armindobisaTKs sxuHbr Seecvala, misTKs me siwmide Seni myavs mowmed da RmerTi, romel ara ras Pelmewifeboda TKsiT guliT darTvad da sxuHbr cvalebad, vidre donanTamdeca. xolo odes ese zedamiwevniT uGuHno, anu Tu naxos, viTarmed berZulsa Sina egreT ars da RmrTismetyuuelsa egreT uTquams, mieriTgan nuRara me, aramed wignsa eSjodin da RmrTismetyuelsa amissa gamometyuelsa. da codvaTa simravlisaTKs ver odes ganvimarTleb Tavsa Gemsa, rameTu yovelTa kacTa ucodviles da uuRirses var, da ara GemTa RirsebaTaTKs, aramed berisa sabaYs locvaTaTKs viGine msaxurebasa amas, reca Targmanebisasa, garegan yovlisa Rirsebisa da swavlulebisa. xolo marTlisa sarwmunoebisaTKs mza var sityKs gebad yovelTa gamomeZiebelTa da SevaGueneb yovelsa wvalebasa da winaaRmdgomsa wmidaTa mamaTa da marTlmadidebelTa krebulTa sjulisdebisasa. da esreT mrwams, viTarca qadagebs didi grigol RmrTismetyueli. xolo Tu viTar, anu rasa qadagebs, ese TKT mas hkiTxeT. xolo me marTlmorwmunesa Svilsa Tquen yovelTa kaTolike eklesiisasa, caliersa yovelTa keTilTa saqmeTagan, wmidaY locvaY Tqueni mommadleT windad saukunoYsa cxovrebisa da aRmPocelad yovelTa usjuloebaTa, rameTu mebrve amis sasoebisaTKs dameteva tirili Gem uricxuTa bralTaY da amas rasme Seqceul viyav, viTarca TquHn mier momlode PsnisaY. SemiwyaleT yovelTa da sasaoebasa Gemsa nu arcxuHnT, raYTa TquHnca hpooT wyalobaY uflisa mier da sufevdiT mis Tana ukuniTamde, amin. Jer.43 ,1r-4r - 228 - b) grigol nazianzelis homiliaTa Teqvsmetyviani krebulis `boloYsa anderZi~33 didebaY da madlobaY dasabamsa da srulmyofelsa yovelTa keTilTasa, wmidasa samebasa, erTarsebasa, romelman srul yvna aTeqsumetni ese saeklesioni sityuani didisa grigoli RmrTismetyuelisani meoxebiTa yovlad wmidisa RmrTismSobelisa da yovelTa wmidaTaYTa da locviTa berisa Guenisa sabaYsiTa, romlisa PsenebaY da netarebaY saukuno iyavn wmidaTa Tana, amin. locva yavT iovanesTKs xucisa mTavaraYsZisa, romelman ara dagKSurva TKsi qaRaldi sasurelad da puri sazrdelad TanamdgomiTurT TKsiT, raYTa esreT srul iqmnnes mravalJameuli iZulebiTi brZanebaY sulierisa mamisa Guenisa berisa kKrike aleqsandrielisaY kualad meored berZulisagan TargmniT amaT sadResasawauloTa sakiTxavTaYTa, raYTa cxad iqmnes meZiebelTa mier da mayuedrebelTa, Tu viTarisa siRrmisa da sityua-mokleobisagan viTarad sivrced da ganaTlebad miewines eseni wmidasa mamasa Guensa efTKmes, didisa pavles msgavsad sZiTa mzrdelsa Guenisa siGGoebisasa da esodenad hasakad mimawevnelsa, vidreRa aw umtkicesisa sazrdelisaTKs aRvisurveT, da ukueTu vpoveTca, ese misTa oxaTa da winadamaSuralobaTaY ars, romelsa vxadi sasaod Gemda da yovelTa morwmuneTa da Tquen yovelTa sulierTa SvilTa misTa, rameTu GemTa ufalTa da mamaTa locviTa viTxov RmrTisagan aPocasa wmidaTa bralTa da uSjuloebaTa GemTa, amen. gevedrebi kualadca qristes mcnebisaTKs yovelTa lmobiT qmnilisa ulmobelad mimsTulebelTa, raYTa usa33 Senaxuli erTaderT ierusalimur xelnawerSia (Jer. 13, 249r). pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis robert bleiks, (r. bleiki, efrem mciris literaturuli moRvaweobidan: `mimomxilveli~, I, tf., 1926, gv. 171-172); ix. agreTve: n. mari, ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqos wignTsacavis qarTuli xelnawerebis mokle aRweriloba, dasabeWdad moamzada e. metrevelma, Tb., 1955, gv. 22-23; T. bregaZe, grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba Tb., 1988, gv. 163. - 229 - syidlod locvasa momiPsenoT mraval salmobierad mkKdri jojoxeTisaY, yovlad ubadruki mcire efrem. SemiwyaleT, wmidano, SemiwyaleT da sasaoebasa Gemsa nu arcxuHnT. Jer.13 , 250r. g) grigol nazianzelis calkeul Txzulebebze darTuli anderZebi ivlianes II gansaqiqebeli sityvis (or.5) anderZi34 dideba RmerTsa yovlisave srulmyofelsa, rameTu aha, meoreca ganqiqeba ivlianesi srul iqmna pirvelisave Tana didisa daviT tbelisa miersa, mcirisa efremis mier Targmnili berZulisagan. xolo ubolood datevebisaTKs nuvis usrulica hgonies, rameTu berZulad esreT ars Tqumuli wmidisa, ara litonad, arca sxuaTa aRmwerelTaebr, aramed, viTar igi aTormet arian Pelovnebani berZenTa swavlulebisani da TiToeuli aRmwereli miT saxiTa aRmwerelobs, raYca Pelovneba eswavaos aTormetTa maTgan: . Rramatikosoba, gina filolsofosoba, ritoroba anu mkurnaloba, musikeloba anu quHynis-mzomeloba, varskulavT-mricxveloba anu nivTT-metyuH/leba, PelovnebaTa saqme anu wesi brZolisa. aramed wmida ese da didi RmrTismetyuHli, viTarca amiT yovliTa sruliad swavluli, yovliTave amiT Seamkobs TqmulTa TKsTa, amisTKs sxKsa Pelovnebisa ars daboloeba da sxKsa _ aradaboloeba. vinaYca me, vinaYTgan oqsinoY ara maqunda saolavad skaramangisa, flasiTa ver davolevdi, aramed Sedarebulad berZulisa uboloo ubolood da daboloebuli daboloebulad miTargmnia. arca sxKsa sakiTxavisa bolo Gemisa bolod damiZs, aramed ukueTu aw TargmnilTa bolo sxuaTada visme miexveWis, igi TKssave adgilsa kvalad migia, SemindeviT kadnierebisaTKs. " 34 daculia erTaderT nusxaSi A292, 218v. ix. T. bregaZe, grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba Tb., 1988, gv. 171. - 230 - A292, 215v grigol nazianzelis homiliis `mimwodebelTa mimarT da aradamTxueulTa~(or.3) anderZi35 sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed ese sakiTxavi qarTulsa Sina ars da esreT iwyebs: `rasaTKs, Zmano Gemno, udeb iqmeniT. ~ ese Tavad dauZs da simcroYsaTKs amisisa "viZlie" Tana daurTavs. ukanaYs kula "viZlie" kideganad uTargmnia, romlisaTKsca amaT yuHdrebaTa da sxKsa sakiTxavisa sxKsa TanamokrebaTa aRhsZrnes sxuani iZulebad da mZlavrebad GuHnda, didsa mas kadnierebasa meored Targmnisasa, rameTu sigrZisagan JamTasa ara viciT, Tu mweralTagan Sehxuda, anu TKT wmidasa mamasa GuHnsa evTimis dedaY eseguar mihxuda, anu TKT raYme gangebulebiT hyo, viTar mas Jamsa Sehguanda. xolo aw, viTar-igi uwyis Tavadman WeSmaritebaman, piruHlobisa Gemisa mravalTagan saanjmno qmnilsa guayuHdrebdes berZenni, da maTTa yuHdrebaTagan berman kirile (kKrike) aleqsandrielman mravalTa welTa mmZlavra da kadnier myo me, axlad Targmnad aTeqvsmetTa sadResasawauloTa, da amas erTsa aporitaTagansa, romelni ese ars qarTulisa SuHnebiTa, aramed berZulisa SedarebiTa gvaqmnevs. rameTu qarTulad SuHnieri TKT ars da eseca da igica Semdgomad uflisa mamisa evTimis madlisa da winadamaSuralobisa ars. da igi zogire uSversagoneblobaY uGvevelobisa ars. xolo aTcxrametni igi aporitaTagan, pirvel Gemganve Targmnilni sityuadarTviT da misive mamisa da moZRurisa kvalsa SedgomiTa iTargmnnes Gemgan, TKTnier amiT, xolo ganyofilad maTgan, romel arca sxKsa sakiTxavisa sxuasa GavrTo, arca jerGinebiT da nebsiT uTargmneli sityua davagdo mindobiTa RmrTisa wyalobiTa da misive mamisa evTimis oxiTa da winadamaSuralobaTaTa. momiteveT da locua hyavT. A 292 , 279v 35 daculia erTaderT nusxaSi A292, 282v. ix. T. bregaZe, grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba Tb., 1988, gv. 174. - 231 - g) grigol nazianzelis homiliis `evnomianosTa mimarT da RmrTismetyvelebisaTKs winaganbWoba~ (or.27) anderZi36 locva hyavT, wmidano da qristes moyuareno, efremisTKs Targmanisa, romlisa mier meored iTargmna ese sakiTxavi, rameTu netarisa grigori uSkelisa mier somxuridan Targmnili, ese oden vhpove. xolo me, somxurisa wil berZulisagan kualad meored viiZule Targmnad, rameTu somexisa SKlsa, berZenissa SKlisSKlsaRa, nu ukve da ara ueWvelsa, TKT ueWK da sakuTari SKli aRvirGive. SemindeviT cTomisaTKsca da kadrebisa. " A 292, 312 r d) anderZ-bolosityvaoba nazianzelis TxzulebaTa sruli korpusis Targmnis dasrulebis gamo37 dideba Senda, wmidao samebao, bunebiT erTo, xolo guamiT samo, Seurwymelad SeerTebulo da ganuyofelad ganyofilo, romelman jer-iGine meoxebiTa yovlad wmidisa RmrTismSobelisa da yovelTa wmidaTa Tana da maTisa mis ziarisa samkaulisa grigori RmrTismetyuelisa wyaroYsaTa da locKTa berTa GemTa sabas da antonisiTa momadlebad Gem uRirisisa da yovlad umsgavsosa monisa maTisa efrem mcirisa, raTa, viTarca ZaRlman movloko nabiWevisagan dacKnebulisa wmidaTa maT pirTagan evTimi mTawmidelisa da daviT tbelis neSti sakiTxavTa. amaT, romelni akldes ergasisTa, wmidisa grigori RmrTismetyuHlisasa da aw ars momadlebiTa SeniTa qarTuladca unaklulo ricxK sakiTxavTa misTa, viTar-igi berZulad da yovelive berZulisagan, da yovelive maTiTa madliTa, romelni piruHl daSures TargmanebiTa da kualad amaTiTa madliTa, romelni aw daSures mlocvelobiTa da kadnierebiT iTxoves RmrTisagan aRtyiveba pirutyvT 36 daculia erTaderT nusxaSi A292, 312r. ix. T. bregaZe, grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba Tb., 1988, gv. 175. 37 daculia erTaderT nusxaSi A292, 331r. ix. T. bregaZe, grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba Tb., 1988, gv. 182. - 232 - saxisa amis cnobisa, romel arcaRaTu STaWuretad Rirs viyav simaRlesa amaT sityuaTasa. me, ukue Zalisaebr Gemisa, meoxebasave Tana maTsa Zalisaebri moswrafeba damiZs araraYsa sxKsaTKs, aramed berZulisa SedarebisaTKs, ara Tavisa Gemisa mindobiTa, aramed kiTxviTa da gamokiTxviTa kacTa brZenTa da sulierTa. xolo ukueTu raYme uneblieT cTomil var misi, pirvelad RvTisagan miTxoveT Sendoba da Semdgomad missa TquHn momiteveT, romelni ikiTxvideT, gina hswerdeT, gina kiTxvasa amaTsa ismsendeT, wmidano RmrTisano, da hsTquT wmidiTa piriTa TquHniTa aRPocaY uricxvebisa codvaTa da usjuloebaTa GemTasa, raYTa TquHnca povoT wyaloba uflisa mier uflebaTasa, romlisa mier saukuno iyavn PsenebaY pirvelmoPsenebulTa mamaTa GuHnTa, amin". A292, 329 r-v mosaPsenebeli mcire sKmeonisaTKs loRoTetisa da TxrobaY mizezTa amaT sakiTxavTa TargmnisaTa38 sKmeon magistrosi da loRoTeti iyo JamTa keTilad-msaxurisa mefisa basilisTa, romeli iyi saydris mpyrobeli berZenTaY uwinares konstantinissa, Zmisa misisa, romlisa dReTa brwyinvida keTilad-moPsenebuli ese sKmeon loRoTeti, kaci yovelTa sawarmarToYTa da gareSiTa sibrZniTa sruliad ganswavluli da egreve SinaganTa amaT da GuenTa saeklesioTa wignTa ZuHlisa da axlisa sjulTa moswrafebiT wurTili, amas yovelTa Tana da sulierTaca saTnoebaTa moqmedebasa Sina keTilad gamocdili, romlisaTKsca vedrebaY friadi iqmna missa mimarT yovelTa mier morwmuneTa erisa, raYTa viTarca saRmrToYTa da kacobrivTa sibrZiTa aRsavseman da xedvisa da saqmisa moRuaweman, Pel-yos ganSuHnebiT wamebasa wmidaTa 38 teqsti daculia A90 (gv. 310-314) da K4 (576-579) nusxebSi. pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis k. kekeliZes (Ê. Êåêåëèäçå, Ñèìåîí Ìåòàôðàñò ïî ãðóçèíñêèì èñòî÷íèêàì: etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, t. V, Tb., 1957, gv. 223-226. - 233 - mowameTasa da cxorebasa wmidaTa mamaTa da mRdel-moZRuarTasa, romelni-igi maSin, viTarca Jami miscemda, Txrobisa saxed oden aRiwernes TiToeulisa wmidaTaganisa Tanadaxudomilisa visganme da ara xolo litonobasa da simartivesa Sina daSTes, aramed romelnime maTganni ganiryunesca kacTa mier borotTa da mwvalebelTa, romelTa drkuni igi sityuani maTni TanaSehrines litonobas mas Txrobisasa da cruYTa miT marTalica SeamrRKes da saeWuHl yves. vinaYca yovlad brZenman aman miiTuala sityuaY maiZulebelTa misTaY da gulsmodgined Pel-yo saqmesa mas da wina daidva `ZuHli igi mowameTaY~, romelsa `kimen~ uwodian, ese igi ars `mdebare~ da Secvala metafrasad. pirvelad Seamko uSuHrebaY sityKsaY, xolo ara egreT, viTarmca sxuaY Zali SemoeRo, aramed igive Zali pirvelad aRwerilisa sityKsaY Seamko da aRwera ubrwyinvalesad. da kualad Semkobasa Tana uSuerisasa iRuawa sruliad gangdebaY sityKsa saeWuHlisaY da mwvalebelTa mier SeZinebulisaY. da orni ese didni Sematebani miscna wamebasa wmidaTasa, rameTu ifqli ganwmedil-yo RuarZlisagan da yovlad Suenierad Secvalna uSeHrebisagan. xolo wmidaTa mociqulTa vinaYTgan WeSmaritebiT momTxrobeli cxorebaY sruliad dafarul iyo da maT wil iWuneuliTa da sruliad gandrekilTa da mimoslvisa maTisa mauwyebeliTa sakiTxavebiTa eklesiaY aRvsebul iyo, amisTKsca mwvalebelTa mier gandrekilad aRwerilni igi mimoslvani ganyarna da TKT TaviT TKsiT `saekllesioTa TxrobaTagan~ da `xronoRrafTa~ mcired-mciredi sakiTxavebi Seqmna da `mosaPsenebel~ uwoda. da aRirGia yovelive ueWuHli da WeSmariti, daRacaTu mcire iyvis. vinaYca aw Guenda ara saPmar ars sityuaY SewyobilebisaTKs sityKsa da Zalisa arave datevebisave Tana, ara gavrcelebisaTKs Tqmulisa, keTilad PumevisaTKs saqmiTTa da xedviTa sityuaTaYsa da ritorebrivTa maT gangrZobaTa da filosofosebrivTa maT SemkobilebaTaYsa, rameTu ese yoveli winamdebare ars saxilvelad gonierTa da arad saZiebel ugunurTa da uswavlelTa. - 234 - xolo ese sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed: yovelnive werilni mis mier gankarfulni, sruliad ucTomel arian da Sewynarebul yovelTa mier eklesiaTa, ara xolo sibrZniTa da mecnierebiTa kacTa brZenTa wamebulni, aramed GuHnebiTaca da uwyebiTa RmrTisa mieriTa damtkicebulni. Tu viTar anu rabam miTualul ars mis mier muSakobaY kacisa amis, amisTKsca Guen mizezi GuHnebisaY da TKT GuHnebaYca igi aqa moviPsenoT da ganucxadoT yovelTa. pirvelPsenebulman didman mefeman basili, romlisa JamTa meequsisa wlisaTa ese yovlad-qebuli sKmeon gamoGinebul iqmna aRmwerelad saxelovnad, daayena wignebi amisi kiTxvad eklesias Sina ara Tu sjulisa saRmrToYsaTKs, armed guliswyromisa midevnebisaTKs. xolo mizezi giliswyromosa misisaY ese iyo: rameTu ikiTxvides odesme eklesias Sina cxorebasa netarisa Teoktiste lezvelisasa. da viTarca movides sityuasa mas, romeli weril ars TaviT kerZo sakiTxavisa mis, viTarmed: `warvlinebul viyav morwmunisa mefisa leonisgan, romelman yoveli ganmarjuHbulebaY berZenTa mefobisaY saflavsa TKssa TanaSTahfla~, _ esma ese mefesa da ganrisxna risxviTa daupyrobeliTa da egulva cecxliTa dawuvaY aRwerilTa sKmeon loRoTetisagan. da vidremdis cocxal iyo igi, dafarulad da uGinod epyra wignebi igi da saxlebsa Sina xolo ikiTxvides maT mecnierni da trfialni SuHnierebisa maTisani. xolo Semdgomad raodenisame Jamisa, raJams aResrulnes pirvelad sKmeon, ganmkazmveli wignTaY, da Semdgomad missa mefeca basili, damayenebeli kiTxvisa maTisaY, ixila GuHnebaY kacman vinme patoisanman cxorebiTa da saTnoman moqalaqobiTa, romeli iyo sameufosa qalaqsa Sina ganwesebul saeklesioTa mwyobrTa Tana, reca viTarmca xedvida Tavsa TKssa sameufisa palatsa Sina; da mas Sina myofisa mier mefisa iqmna mowodebaY yovelTa winamZRuarTa eklesiisaTaY didad ganTqmulTa moZRurebiTa, romelTa xedvida kaci igi da TiToeulsa TKsisa saxisagan icnobda. xolo Pmasa mas mwodeblisa maTisas smeniT oden gulisPma-yofda. da xedvida, rameTu pirvelad yovelTa didi basili Seyvanebul iqmna da etKrTnes qar- 235 - tani aRwerilTa TKsTani da Semdgomad missa _ grigoli RmrTismetyuHli aRweriliT wignebiTurT misiT da mis Tana _ ioane oqropiri wignebiTurT TKsiT. da viTarca Seyvanebul iqmnnes samni igi, isma kualad PmaY, romeli ityoda: `mouwodeT Gemda sKmeons!~ da ixila kacman man, rameTu Sevida sKmeon loRoTeti da etKrTnnes wignni aRwerilTa TKsTagani. da egreT Sevida igi meoTxed Semdgomad samTa maT wmidaTa mamaTa. da mxilveli igi GuHnebisaY myis gankrTa Zilisagan da mouTxra GuHnebaY patriarqsa da yovelsa savsebas eklesiisasa. xolo maT vinaYTgan saqmeTa mier sarwmunod aqunda metyuHli igi sityuaTa maT GuHnebisaTaY, irwmunes misi igi GuHnebaY da gulisPmayves, viTarmed ararad sxuad gangebul iqmna TKnier, raYTa jerovnad Sewynarebul iqmnen aRwerilni wignni sKmeonis mier loRoTetisa. da mieriTgan ganhfinnes yovelTa eklesiaTa da vidre moaqamde sazepurod ikiTxvebis yovelTa Sina saberZneTisa eklesiaTa, romlisa mier wmidani Seimkvebian da gulni morwmuneTani ganmxiaruldebian, sasyideli muSakobisa mis aRorZindebis da zogad yovelTa sasyidlis momcemeli RmerTi ididebis. ese ars mizezi, romlisa mier loRoTeti wignTa aRmwrel iqmna da didTa amaT keTilTa mkKdrTa saberZneTisaTa momatyuHbel eqmna. xolo GuHn qarTvelTa Soris ZuHlni igi mowameTani iyunes, romelni igive aqamomdeca arian. da kualad amis axlisa mowameTaYsaganca iTargmnnes mciredni, viTar igi ars: wmidisa artemisi da kritelTaY da elevTerisi, romelni uTargmnian wmidasa mamasa Guensa daviT tbelsa; da wmidaTa giorgisi da Teodoresi da saswauli wmidisa Teodoresi uTargmnia Rirssa netarebisasa giorgis mTawmidelsa. egreTve sanatrelsa stefanes sananoYsZesa uTargmnia sakiTxavi daujdomelTaY da cxorebaY Teoktiste lezvelisaY da sxuanica. xolo moZRuarsa mas da Guen yovelTa mamasa efTKmis loRoTetis SekazmulTagan klementosi oden uTargmnia da wmidisa prokopisi, rameTu sxuaTa wignTagan ucalo iyo, romelTa mier friad ganamdidra naTesavi Gueni. - 236 - amaT wmidaTa Tana mamaTa madliTa da kadnierad RmrTisa mimarT meoxebiTa da locviTa berisa Gemisa sabaYsiTa meca, sawyalobeli da uRirsi saxisaY da saxelisaY efrem, mcire da undoY monazoni, Rirsm-yo da ara garemimaqcia wyalobaauracxelman RmerTman meoxebiTa mSobelisa misisaYTa da yovelTa wmidaTaYTa moslvad ferPTa Tana zemoPsenebulisa berisa saba Tuxarelisa, sulaYs ZisaTa, romelman qristes mimsgavsebulisa saxierebiTa mitKrTa Jamsa siucbisa da siWabukisa Gemisas da sxuaTave qvelismoqmedebaTa Tana eseca aGuHna Gem zeda, romel berZulisaTa wignTa kiTxvisa swavlaY iRuawa GemTKs adgilsa Sina jerovnad momzavebulsa, romel ars monasteri wmidisa sKmen sakKrvelTmoqmedisaY, romlisa meoxebiTa da farviTa dedisa misisa marTaYsaYTa viswave raYme, daRacaTu ara Semsgavsebulad RuawlTa da warsagebelTa wmidisa mis berisaTa, aramed friad umetesi Zalisa da moswrafebisa GemisaY. da masve Jamsa brZanebiTave da warsagebeliTa misiTa vTargmnen ese raodennime sakiTxavni loRoTetisa metafrasTagan, romelTa Sina ukueTu raYme ipovebis jerovani, RmrTisaY ars madli ege da wmidaTa amaT zemoPsenebulTa mamaTa GuenTaY da upirates maT yovelTa berisa sabaYsi, romeli meqmna yovlad yovliTurT sityKTa da saqmiTa, locviTa da brZanebiTa da Porcielisaca saPmrisa friad wargebiTa, amas yovelsa Tana da upirates yovelsa TanadadginebiTa da saTnoYsa mowafisa misisa da mamisa Gemisa efrem didisa oSkelisaYTa, romeli igi mecnier iyo kiTxvasa da gagonebasa berZulisas da kiTilad swavlul qarTulTa sityuaTa Sewyobilebasa, da amiT orTave orkerZo hmsaxurebda da ganagebda naklulevanebas Gemsa. da raYTa mokled vTqu, yovelive keTili, RmrTisa mier Gem zeda momavali, berisa sabaYsi ars. sasyidelica RmrTisa mier masve aqundin. xolo naklullevanebisa da usrulebis mizez aravin ars sxuaY, TKnier uRirsebaY Gemi da tKrTi bralTaY da arasimdable gonebisaY, romeli, ukueTumca igi xoli oden maqunda, kma iyo aRmavsebelad yovlisa naklulevanebisa. aw ukue vevedrebi siwmidesa Tquensa, romelnica miem- 237 - TxKvneT wmidasa amas wignsa, locvas hyofdiT berisa sabaYsTKs, romeli iyo maqmneveli da mbrZanebeli saqmisaY da mis Tanave bralTa Sendobasa uTxovdiT efrems didsa, romeli iyo mmarTebeli da gamgebeli naklulevanebisaY. he, gevedrebi, numca PuHbul arian igini sasoebisagan! rameTu friad daSures igini wignisa amisTKs, romelTa mier miecin ufalman povnad wyalobaY dResa mas gankiTxvisasa, amin. xolo me viTar vikadro TxovaY sasyidlisaY, romelsa araraY miZRKs saqme muSakobisaY, garna Tu mowled Seuvrdi Tquensa saxierebasa, raYTa usasyidlod wyalibaY hyoT GemTKs da motevebasave Tana cTomilisasa iTxovoT warPdaY sasjelisa kadnierebisasa da kualad TanawarPdisa Tana locvisa moniWebad gansrulebasa naklulevanebisasa. da ese Tu hyoT, mogces ufalman wyalobaY uflisa mier, ese igi ars, mamaman Zisa mier momadlebiTa Tquenda sulisa wmidisaYTa, raYTa iyvneT qadag samobasa guamTasa da erTobasa RmrTeebisasa, missa didebaY aw da yovelTa saukuneTa mimarT ukunisamde, amin! A 90,310-314; K4,576-579 S 384 xelnaweris anderZebi: a) `ioane oqropiris cxovrebis~ anderZi39 didebaY Senda, RmerTo maRalo, yovelTa keTilTao dasabamo da srulmyofelo yovelTa arsTao, samguamovnebiT da erTarsebiT cnobilo samebao, romelman jeriGine srulyofad cxorebas iovane namdKlve WeSmaritisa mwyemsisa mwyemsTa da usrulesisa moZRuarTa Soris, romeli-igi daRacaTu oqrovanad saxel-idebis, aramed esoden upatiosnes missa ars, raoden-igi ver egoden 39 pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis T. Jordanis (Jordania, qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa, Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T. Jordanias mier, wigni I, tf., 1892, gv. 221-222. meore gamocema, Tb., 2004); ix. agreTve: qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba S I, gv. 462; n. goguaZe, 1986, gv. 307-308. - 238 - TiPisa da mwKrisa, romlisa meoxebiTa da locviTa berTa GuenTaYTa sabaYs da antonisiTa awca iTargmna ese axlad berZulisagan metafrasisa yovlad wadierebiTa da mxurvaled surviliTa gabriel stefanes xucisa WulevelisaYTa, romelman umetes zomisa aiZula pirutyuTsaxe ese gonebaY Gemi yovlad mcirisa da reca unarGevesisa raYsme TargmanTaYsa efremisi da kadnier myo sxuaTave Tana amisda Targmnad da kadrebad. ukueTu raYme keTil ars, igi RmrTisaY da zemiPsenebulTa amaT locvisa da madlisaY, xolo naklulevanebaY yoveli Gemi ars da uRirsisa amis bralTa mier ganfrdilisa gonebisaY. gevedrebi ukue yovelTa mkiTxvellTa da msmenelTa, raYTa locva-hyofdeT pirvel moPsenebulTa maT mamaTa GuenTa, moZRuarTa da mSobelTa, ZmaTa da SvilTa maTTKs. xolo me yovelive cTomilebaY saxierebiT momiteveT da TquT wmidiTa piriTa TqueniTa aRPocaY codvaTa da uSjuloebaTa GemTaY, raYTa Tquenca hpooT madli mowyalebisa Gemisa RmrTisa mier mravalmowyalisa. amin. S384, 121r. b) `dimitri Tesalonikelis wamebis~ anderZi40 gevedrebi yovelTa, romelnica miemTxKneT wamebasa amas, raYTa uwyebul iyvneT, viTarmed ara Tu amisTKs daweril ars, viTarca umetessa rasme metyueli pirvelisasa, garna rameTu yovelTave amaT didTa mowameTa or-ori aqus wamebaY _ uZuelesi da uaxlesi, araTu umrudesi da umarTlesi, aramed ucxadesi da uRrmesi, egreTve aqunden amasca meore ese pirvelisa Tana, rameTu ese berZenTaca esreT aqus, raYca romelica vis sTndes, mas ikiTxvides. S384, gv. 488. 40 pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis T. Jordanis (Jordania, qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTvelos istoriisa da mwerlobisa, Sekrebili, qronologiurad dawyobili da axsnili T. Jordanias mier, wigni I, tf., 1892, gv. 239. meore gamocema, Tb., 2004); ix. agreTve: qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba S I, gv. 465. - 239 - g) `mina megKptelis cxovrebis~ anderZi41 wmidano mamano! ese wmidisa minaYs wameba iyo Zueladca Targmnili kimenisagan, rameTu esreT ewodebis pirvel litonad aRwerilsa wignsa mowameTasa, xolo aw ese iTargmna axlad metafrasisgan brZanebiTa kaliposelTa winamZRurisa basilisiTa, rameTu mas uPmda mina wmidisaTKs da ese irGia loRoTetisa sKmeonisa Sekazmulisa mowameTaYsagan, romelsa metafras ewodebis. SegvindeviT da locva yavT. S384, gv. 643. d)`grigol sakvirvelmoqmedis cxovrebis~ anderZi42 locva yavT, wmidano RmrTisano, romelnica miemTxKneT aRwerilsa amis grigol noselis `cxorebasa didisa grigoli sakvirvelTmoqmedisasa~, romeli daiwera berZulisagan qarTulad moswrafebiTa mRdlisa gabrielisiTa da PeliTa yovlad uRirsis efremisiTa, xolo brZanebiTa zogadisa mamisa Guenisa berisa sabaYsiTa, romlisa iyavn saukuno saPsenebeli da kurTxevaY misi, amen, iyavn. xolo ese sacnaur iyavn, viTarmed cxorebaY amis wmidasaY, romel Guen Zuelad guqonda, sxuaY ars da ese grigol noselisa Tqumuli sxuaY ars. eseca guasmioda, viTarmed [gangebulsave Tana] noselisa wignisas eseca sakiTxavi uTargmnia mamasa Guensa giorgi mTawmidelsa, garna Guen jereT ara guaxlavs, arca Savsa mTasa mowevnul iyo. amisTKs iZulebiTa mRdelisa gabrielisiTa vTargmne, viTarca ara momlodeman mis wignisa aqa mowevnisaman sihavisagan JamTaYsa da udebebisagan gonebaTaYsa; da ese davwere, raYTa ukueTu odesme moiwios, ara hgonoT Tu kadnierebiT vyav TargmnaY Targmnilisa didisa moZRurisa da eklesiisa mnaTobisaY, romlisa umjobesi nuukue da 41 pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis T. Jordanis (Jordania, qronikebi, wigni I, tf., 1892, gv. 222. meore gamocema, Tb., 2004); ix. agreTve: qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba S I, gv. 467. 42 pirveli publikacia ekuTvnis T. Jordanis (Jordania, qronikebi, wigni I, tf., 1892, gv. 224. meore gamocema, Tb., 2004); ix. agreTve: qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba S I, gv. 468. - 240 - arca Tu upiratesisa misisa da zogadisa mamisa Guenisa efTKmesagan sagonebel iyo meored TargmnaY, vinaYca iyavn saukune PsenebaY da kurTxevaY maTi, amen. S384, gv. 728. S 1276 xelnaweris anderZebi a) `ioane damaskelis cxovrebis~ anderZi43 locva yavT, qristesmoyuareno, ioanesTKs mRdelisa da monazonisa, romlisa brZanebiTa me, uRirsman efrem mcireman, vTargmne berZulisagan mcire ese cxorebaY didisa iovane damaskelisaY, awRa, GuenTa JamTa, surviliT aRwerili miqaelisagan xucisa sKmeonwmidelisa samadlobelad tyueobisagan Psnisa misisa, rameTu dekenbersa erTsa SemosrulTa TurqTa sulimaneTTa amas dResa daipyres qalaqi da mTiT Gamosxes eri dResaswaulsa amis iovane damaskelisa. oTxsave misve dekembersa, romelTa Tana uvnebelad daculsa mas zemoPsenebulsa miqael xucessa, sKmeon wmidas Zmasa da maSin qalaqs daxudomilsa aRewera ese sakiTxavi arabulsa enasa zeda, vinaYca-igi berZenTa enad gamoTargmna da Seamko samoel wmidaman mitropolit adanelman, romeli-ese aw qarTuladca iTargmna locviTa berTa sabaYsa da antonisiTa, brZanebiTa da saPmariTa ioane zemoPsenebulisa da kKrikes xucad SeswavebulisaYTa, ufalman miecin madli Sromisa da warsageblisaY, amin. S1276, 56 r b) anderZ-minaweri grigol noselis `sityuaY SobisaTKs da GGKlTaTKs beTlems mowyuedilTas~Targamanze ufalo, Seiwyale mRdeli iovane, mbrZanebeli Guenda amaT sakiTxavTa TargmnisaY. S1276, 80 v. 43 daculia sam xelnawerSi S1276,56r; Jer.38,16r da Sin 91 gamocemulia k. kekeliZis mier (etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, t. VII, gv. 136-177); ix. agreTve, e. metreveli, 1959; S I. gv. 137). - 241 - g) anderZ-minaweri sofron ierusalimelis `grigol RmrTismetyvelis Sesxmis~ Targmanze ufalo, miec madli mamasa iovanes mRdelsa, mbrZanebelsa amissa Targmanebisasa da me wmidaY locvaY misi. S1276, 115 v d) anderZ-minaweri epifane kKprelis sakiTxavis `mucladRebisaTvis annaYsas~Targmanze SemindeviT, sxuaY sakiTxavi mucladRebisaY ver vpoe, romelimca meTargmna. ese me efTKmis Targmnilad Semomatyues, ga[rna] mgonia T~e mrekalsa ubrZanebia. S1276, 56r ioane damaskelis RvTismSoblis Sobis sakiTxavze darTuli anderZi locva yavT, qristesmoyuareno, iovanesTKs kKrikes xucisa, romlisa brZanebiTa da warsagebliTa iTargmna sakiTxavi ese efremisagan mcirisa. Jer.38, 12 r - 242 - Ephrem Mtsire`s Colophons The translations made by a well-known scholar of the eleventh century, Ephrem Mtsire (Ephrem The Minor), belong to a special period in Georgian translatory history. He lived in the period when Georgians were particularly interested in Byzantine cultural heritage and Hellenistic ideology. Ephrem Mtsire was a new type of translator. He tried to capture the depth and accuracy of the originals into his translations. This was achieved by means of the exact translation of the original Greek text as well as his commentaries as translator attached to it. Ephrem is a follower of the traditions of the Athonite School of translation but takes them to an even higher level. As seen from his colophons, forewords and wills as well as from numerous commentaries, Ephrem reveals a considerable philological interest and stands out not only as a translator but also as a scholar-philologist who is well aware of the philological methodology of a critical analysis of a text. His interests embrace a number of philological issues (grammar, lexicology, the history of literature and literary theory). At the same time Ephrem acts as a historian describing a number of issues important for Georgian culture. The study of Ephrem Mtsire’s colophons makes it possible to highlight one important feature of his translations. Unlike the short colophons of preceding translators he attaches to his translations forewords, after-words and explanations containing a large amount of information which distinctly reveals his original and diverse philological interests. Ephrem is not only a translator but also a commentator of Byzantine literary works. He attached his commentaries only to his own translations in order to facilitate the perception and understanding of a Greek text, and explain difficulties arising during the process of translation. All of the remarks attached to the translations are classed as commentaries by the translator himself. These are of several types: a) fore-words, b) after-words c) commentaries written on the margins of manuscripts and d) explanations inserted in the text of the original work. The study of the commentaries enabled us to specify the meaning of several paleographic terms connected with the translatory work of Ephrem Mtsire. Obviously, the Georgian scholars of the eleventh century used the word ”pativi” in the meaning of “edge” which meant four margins of the manuscript left specially for the commentaries by the translators. Besides, the terms “motxvitad tsera” (writing on four sides) and “garemotsera” (writing around the manuscript) which oppose the term “martlgantskobit tsera” and present a special style of copying, were also specified . It is obvious that Ephrem Mtsire dis- 243 - tinguishes between long translations written in an “ordinary” style which is classed as “targmani” (a interpretation), and the catena written in “motxvitad natseri” (commentaries written on the four margins of the manuscript) classed as “targmanianebi” (such as “pavle targmaniani”). A different meaning is given to the term “sheistsave” which does not mean a verbal commentary of a translator but denotes a translation of a Greek version of a margin sign. The principle adopted by Ephrem Mtsire while commenting on the translations is worth noting as well. From the point of view of the function of the commentary he uses two types of commentary: a) an “obvious” commentary used to single out a definite extract visually and b) a verbal commentary of the translator or a footnote, which explains a definite extract of a text from some point of view. Marginal signs which he copied form Greek originals have different functions as well. Verbal commentaries are different from the point of view of construction. They reveal three main features of the commentaries, “romelits gadmoitargmenbis” (which is translated), ‘ese igi ars” (it means) and “sheistave” (atention). Thematically, seven groups can be identified: theological-philosophical, philological, grammatical, lexicological, mythological, technical and literary critical. Forewords and after-words which are inevitable components of the scientific apparatus of the translator are considered to be one of the types of Ephrem Mtsire’s commentaries. Like the preceding translators, Ephrem Mtsire places the translation after the original work However, the majority of his works have fore-words and after-words (up to 30 items) which can be considered to be scholarly, philological works. While studying the manuscripts containing translations by Ephrem Mtsire we added an as yet unknown will by him which he attached to his commentaries about the translation of Paul’s Epistles and which functions as an after-word written by the translator for the translations of the “Disciple’s Deeds“.(Ath.18). The study of this will in contrast to a well-known foreword to the “Disciple’s’ Deeds” and the yet unknown wills attached to both this and “The Explanations of Catholic Epistles”, highlight several issues connected with the Georgian translations of this exegetic work. The Greek text used by Ephrem as an original was also specified. As opposed to the opinions argued and discussed in the literature based on his wills, we argue that Ephrem must have translated a short exegetic work by John Chrysostom, but the catenic translations were made in the fifth century by Cyril of Alexandria on the basis of this work. In this work, along with John Chrysostom’s commentaries Cyril’s and other fathers’ commentaries were also presented. Thus, Ephrem neither collected nor abridged the work as previously argued, but he used the original from which this work already accomplished. As revealed by the will, Ephrem must have used a later (tenth century), completed recension - 244 - of “Pavle targmaniani”. It is worth noting that very important information regarding the history of the translation of “The translations of the Epistles” into Georgian is kept in these wills. The study of the manuscripts also revealed that “Historia Philothea” by Theodoret of Cyrus also attached by foreword and after-word wills. The after-word to this book was known to scholars from the work by Jordania. However, the after-word written by Ephrem was considered to be the will for another work by Theodoret of Cyrus. We argue that “sitkvai” is the part (specifically, the last chapter) of “Historia Philothea”. Thus the colophon attached must be the after-word to the book and, based on this colophon, it can be argued that the “Historia Philothea” must have been translated into Georgian by Ephrem Mtsire. Scholars consider “Introduction to the commentaries of the Psalms” which comes at the beginning of this important exegetic work is considered to be an original work by Ephrem Mtsire. We argue that this is not an original work created by Ephrem but only the commentary of the translator, which is confirmed by its title. “Introduction” is the information about the cause of the creation of this book and the rules of its usage. The information about the creation of this exegetic work in Greek and its translation into Georgian is also found here. “Introduction to the commentaries of the Psalms” is the longest from Ephrem’s commentaries and thus it is a colophon to the chapter. The first book of “The commentaries of the Psalms” finishes with a short colophon by Ephrem which was sometimes thought to belong to a copyist but, arguably, it belongs to Ephrem himself. Likewise, the work attached by Ephrem to the translation of one of the hagiographic works as an “after-word will” which discusses a number of issues of Byzantine and Georgian literature is a commentary and not an original work. The foreword of the translator found in the 16-word collection of Sermons by Gregory of Nazianzus, in spite of a specific addressee, is for a wide circle of readers. The collection is followed by the “after-word will”, which, in general, is short. “Fountain of Knowledge” by John of Damascus is similarly followed by the introduction and after-word from the translator as well which, though consisting of four parts, is one whole semantically and functionally and can be classed as a foreword written by the translator revealing a great amount of historical and literary information. One of its parts refers to the description of a system of punctuation created by Ephrem which does not mean that he denied the previous existence of punctuation. We argue that the system of punctuation created by Ephrem is not the first attempt made to classify the system of punctuation in Georgian as argued by some group of scholars. - 245 - Such a system of punctuation was used in Georgian written works far before him. Ephrem made an attempt to “load” the old system of punctuation with new functions: one full stop, two full stops, three full stops and six stops simultaneously play a role of a punctuation mark as well as that of intonation and declamation used in recitals or public speeches. Thus, Ephrem was the first scholar to establish the system of punctuation which regulates not only logical and grammatical parts of the sentence but also the succession of intonation patterns which, in their turn, regulate the rules of oral speech. In addition, Ephrem created a number of terms connected with the technique of correct reading of a text. Having worked on the colophons and commentaries by Ephrem we conclude that every single observation made of old Georgian liturgical literature provides rich material for the study of the History of Georgian literature as well as for the study of the History of Byzantine literature as well as for Byzantine studies as a whole. In this respect, the colophons and footnotes discuss a number of important issues of Greek Christian literature as well as Byzantine authors. The previously unknown colophon which is attached to the translation of Paul’s Epistles encouraged re-statement of several issues of Christian exegetic history. Procopius of Gaza who lived in the sixth century was considered to be the creator of exegetic catens. According to the information given by Ephrem, Cyril of Alexandria must have been the compiler of the first collection of exegetic catens “pavle targmaniani” a century before Cyril (Cyril died in AD 444). The Epistle by Cyril of Alexandria which was discovered together with the colophon and was referred to as a literary reference by Ephrem also confirms this information. “pavle targmaniani” by Cyril has reached us in fragments and it is difficult to judge its essence, sources as well as assess and qualify the work done by its compiler/editor. Ephrem discusses these issues and characterises the work by Cyril in great detail. He provides the information about the creation of the work as well as its later fate and discusses interrelationships between this work and the catens by Paul in Greek. According to Ephrem the following works must have existed: a) a long version of Paul’s work written by John Chrysostom (“Commentaries of Paul); b) a later version of catens by Cyril, written in a square style, based on Okropiri and later completed after the death of Episcopos Ekumanius from Thracia (tenth century). It has been discovered that translations by Ephrem reveal almost a complete version of an original. In one of the manuscripts form Anthon (Ath.18) we found a part of the work, which previously was considered to be lost (translation of Epistles for Timothy II, Titus and Philemon). Euthymius the Athonite started translating “pavle targmaniani” into - 246 - Georgian and must have translated only an incomplete version .This was confirmed by one manuscript from Athon (Ath.39) which enabled us to argue that its translation belongs to Euthymius. Commentaries by Ephrem give interesting, full information about Svimeon Loghothet and the history of metaprastic hagiography. Besides, in one of the footnotes there is information about “Heksaples” by Origone which enables us to argue that scholars in the eleventh century knew about the variant of “Heksaples” known as “Oktaple” and which, together with the text of the Bible in Hebrew and its well-known Geek translations, contains the text of two unknown translations found in the “kvevri”. In the introduction to the 16- word collection by Gregory the Theologian, Ephrem touches upon a number of issues including the Greek texts chosen for translation. According to this colophon, Ephrem used the Greek text of a 16-word collection with full commentaries by Basilius Minimus which had been presented (together with the Epistle) to the Emperor Constantine VII Porohirogenetis. In the commentary attached to the translation of Homilies, Ephrem must have worked to make his translations as perfect as those of Basilius ( Jer.43,248v, Jer.13,213v, Jer, 13, 241r). Information provided by him in his commentaries has certain importance for the study of the interrelationships between the Greek originals of Gregory the Theologian’s works as well as the establishment of an original text for a Georgian translation of the Homilies. The information contained in colophons and footnotes by Ephrem give clear understanding of the work done by Byzantine scholars of the period which must have had good knowledge of critical and scholarly exploration of a text. He tried to meet the standards of his contemporary Byzantine scholars and while translating uses the methodology elaborated by them ( footnotes, commentaries, stychometric apparatus, introduction and foreword, afterword, special signs use by commenting on and editing texts, marginal signs of various functions, punctuation and notation signs, etc). Thus, the translations made by Ephrem follow Greek standards and can be placed alongside the works of eleventh century Byzantine scholars. Information is provided by Ephrem’s colophons on several issues connected with the History of Georgian literature. These colophons show Ephrem as a historian of a Georgian Hagiographic literature and literary critic as well. He gives us valuable information about the Georgian translators preceding him and evaluates their work. His positive approach to two Georgian translators, Euthymius and Giorgi Athonites. is clearly felt . Besides, this information is invaluable for assessment of the scopes of the translatory work and their complete bibliography. Ephrem is among the first group of the Georgian scholars giving the description of the translatory method preferred by Eu- 247 - thymius the Athonite and characterises it as “the ability to add to the text as well as to shorten it”. Moreover, Ephrem acknowledges their supreme reputation as translators and refers to them as “the source and baseline of a translation”. In addition, he considers them to be his teachers. Ephrem apologises for his attempt to translate for the second time the works previously translated by Euthymius and Giorgi Athonites, proves the necessity of their translation and considers his methodology to be continuing their tradition and not contradicting them. Our research of colophons and footnotes showed that while translating, in order to find the exact equivalent, Ephrem frequently consulted the translations made by Athonites and if appropriate he tried not to change his teachers’ versions. Moreover, his colophons enabled us to discover and explore as yet unknown translation by Euthymius Athonite. In the colophon attached to the Epistles by Paul, Ephrem ascribes the translation of “Pavle Targmaniani” (by Cyril of Alexandria) to Euthymius as well as that of the Epstle by Cyril of Alexandria himself. His information was, once again correct.. During the research we came across a manuscript from Athon (N39) which contained the incomplete translated version of the first and second Epistles of “pavle targmaniani” and the Epistle by Cyril of Alexandria. The translation attested in this manuscript differs form that translated by Ephrem. It cannot have been translated by Giorgi Mtastmindeli, who, according to later information, was thought to be the translator of the works of the manuscript. Having compared other literary sources to the information provided by Ephrem on the one hand and having conducted a comprehensive textual analysis on the other, we argue that the translator of the manuscript Ath.39 containing “pavle targmaniani” must be Euthymius Athonite. Eqvtimus must have started translating this catenic collection but did not finish for unknown reasons which, as Ephrem mentions, were known only to God. Long colophons and numerous remarks attached to translations by Ephrem give us valuable information to study the history of the literary school functioning at the Black Mountain as well as the historical and cultural situation in which Ephrem created his scholarly translations. Researchers rely on his colophons when studying the life of Georgian monasteries, works by holy fathers living there and the literary schools functioning on the Black Mountain. Commentaries made by Ephrem show the importance of translations by him as one of the distinguished representatives of the Black Mountain and foreground the theoretical principles he relied on while translating works from Greek into Georgian. In addition, colophons contain truthful information about the life and work of this person. These also enabled us to establish a fairly accurate date of some translations. According to the colophon, the monk Saba Tukhareli stands out as one - 248 - of the leaders of Georgians living and working on the Black Mountain. He must have been leading and supporting Ephrem during his work on the translations. After Saba’s death (around 1090) Ephrem Mtsire must also have been supported by the monk Anthony Tbeli. Among the holy fathers of the mountain several Johns are mentioned (colophons have mentioned the name 13 times). Analysis of the colophons has revealed that there were only four Johns working in this period: 1) John the Philosopher and Grammarian from Svimeontsminda; 2) John Mtavaraidze 3) John Pharakneli and 4) John Rateuli. Ephrem Mtsire’s colophons reveal that in the second half of the eleventh century near Anthiokia there existed a strong centre of Georgian literature with strongly expressed philological and scholarly interests, rich libraries, educated scholars and well-trained translators. The study of the manuscripts kept in the Institute of Manuscripts also revealed a number of manuscripts which were not mentioned in the bibliography of the those translated by Ephrem and two readers which were not mentioned on the list of the translations either. In addition, the titles of several works and their authors were not specified. - 249 - damowmebuli literatura: abulaZe, 1950 _ i. abulaZe, weris xelovnebasTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime Zveli qarTuli termini, Tsu Sromebi, XXXIV, Tb., 1950. abulaZe, 1959 _ i. abulaZe, Zveli qarTulis leqsikidan: saq. mecn. akad. xelnawerTa institutis moambe, I, Tb., 1959, gv. 157-175. abulaZe, 1961 _ i. abulaZe, ipolite romaelis `qronikonis~ Zveli qarTuli versia: saq. mecn. akad. xelnawerTa institutis moambe, III, Tb., 1961, gv. 223-243. abulaZe, 1973 _ i. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni, Tb., _ 1973. adiSis oTxTavi, 2003 _ adiSis oTxTavi, 897 wlisa, teqsti gamosacemad moamzades, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTes e. giunaSvilma, d. TvalTvaZem, m. maGxanelma, z. sarjvelaZem da s. sarjvelaZem, zurab sarjvelaZis saerTo redaqciiT, Tb., 2003. averincevi, 1974 Âèçàíòèéñêàÿ ëèòåðàòóðà(ñáîðíèê ñòàòåé,) Îòâ. ðåä. Ñ.Ñ. Àâåðèíöåâ, Ì. 1974. averincevi, 1977 _ Àâåðèíöåâ Ñ.Ñ. Ïîýòèêàðàííåâèçàíòèéñêîé ëèòåðàòóðû, Ì,. 1977. averincevi, 1986 _ Àâåðèíöåâ Ñ.Ñ. Âèçàíòèéñêàÿ ðèòîðèêà, Øêîëüíàÿ íîðìà ëèòåðàòóðíîãî òâîð÷åñòâà â ñîñòàâå âèçàíòèéñêîé êóëüòóðû: Ïðîâëåìû ëèòåðàòóðíîé òåîðèè â Âèçàíòèè è ëàòèíñêîì ñðåäíåâåêîâüå, Ì., 1986. aTon. xeln. aRw., 1986 _ qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba (aTonuri koleqcia), nakveTi I, Seadgines da dasabeWdad moamzades: l. axobaZem, r. gvaramiam, n. goguaZem, m. dvalma, m. dolaqiZem, m. kvaWaZem, g. kiknaZem, g. ninuam, c. qurcikiZem, l. SaTiriSvilma, m. SaniZem, n. GxikvaZem, Tb., 1986. alibegaSvili, 1988 _ g. alibegaSvili, efrem mciris literaturuli Sexedulebani, sadisertacio naSromi filologiur mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad, Tb., 1988. alibegaSvili, 1992 - Àëèâåãàøâèëè Ã.Ã. Åôðåì Ìöèðå îâ - 250 - èñòîðèè è òåîðèè ìåòàôðàñòèêè, Ãðóçèíñêàÿ è ðóññêàÿ ñðåääíåâåêîâûå ëèòåðàòóðû, Òá.,1992 alibegaSvili, 1973 _ Ãàèàíå Àëèáåãàøâèëè,Õóäîæåñòâåííûé ïðèíöèïèëþñòðèðîâàíèÿ ãðóçèíñêîé ðóêîïèñíîé êíèãû XI-íà÷àëà XII âåêîâ, Òá., 1973. anT.1969 _ Àíòîëîãèÿ ìèðîâîé ôèëîñîôèè, ò.1, ÷àñò.2, Ì.,1966, ñò.662-663. andronikaSvili, 1966 _ m. andronikaSvili, narkvevebi iranul-qarTuli enobrivi urTierTobidan, I, Tb., 1966. anton bagrationi, 1853 _ anton kaTalikosi, wyobilsityvaoba, platon ioselianis gamocema, tf., 1853. anton bagrationi, 1980 _ anton bagrationi, wyobilsityvaoba, gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva, komentarebi da leqsikoni daurTo ivane lolaSvilma, Tb., 1980. anton bagrationi, 1991 _ anton pirveli kaTalikosi, spekali, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo gulnara dedabriSvilma, Tb., 1991. amonios ermisi, 1983 _ amonios ermisis Txzulebani qarTul mwerlobaSi, teqstebi gamosacemad moamzades n. keWaRmaZem da m. rafavam, gamokvleva, leqsikoni da saZieblebi daurTo maia rafavam, Tb., 1983. aristofane bizantieli, 1986- Aristophanis Byzantii, Fragmenta post A.Nauk collegit, testimoniis ornavit, brevi commebtaris instruxit Welliam I. Slater. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New-York, 1986. babunaSvili, uTurgaiZe, 1991 _ e. babunaSvili, T. uTurgaiZe, qarTuli gramatikuli azri klasikur periodSi: `macne~ (enisa da literaturis seria), 1991, #2, gv. 146-153. begiaSvili, 1927 _ T. begiaSvili, qarTuli sityvierebis istoria, quT., 1927 bezaraSvili, 1986 _ q. bezaraSvili, grigol nazianzelis poezia qarTul mwerlobaSi: `macne~(enisa da literaturis seria), 1986, #3, gv. 87-112. bezaraSvili 1989,a _ q. bezaraSvili, efrem mciris mier Targmnili bizantiuri ritmuli poeziis adreuli - 251 - nimuSi (grigol nazianzelis `sityva qalwulisa mimarT~); `gulani~, filologiur-istoriuli Ziebani (xelnawerTa institutis axalgazrda mecnirTa Sromebis krebuli miZRvnili institutis daarsebis 30 wlisTavisadmi), Tb., 1989, gv. 72-115. bezaraSvili, 1989,b _ q. bezaraSvili, grigol nazianzelis poeziis komentarebis qarTuli versiebi: `gulani~, Tb., 1989, gv. 116-159. bezaraSvili, maWavariani, 1995 _ q. bezaraSvili, m. maWavariani, grigol RvTismetyvelis II da III homiliebis efTvime aToneliseuli Targmanebis Taviseburebani da efrem mciris erTi anderZ-minaweri: filologiuri Ziebani, II, Tb., 1995, gv. 226-288. bezaraSvili, 1998 _ q. bezaraSvili, efrem mciris Sexedulebebi klasikuri saliteraturo formisa da qristianuli Sinaarsis urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb: literaturuli Ziebani, XIX, Tb., 1998, gv. 123-154. bezaraSvili, 1999 _ q. bezaraSvili, grigol RvTismetyvelis efrem mciriseul krebulebze darTuli elinofiluri skolis miZRvniTi iambikoebisaTvis,:mravaltavi, XVIII, Tb., 1999, gv. 253-163. bezaraSvili, 2001,a _ q. bezaraSvili, saRvTismetyveloritorikuli stilis zogierTi TaviseburebisaTvis grigol RvTismetyvelis Txzulebebsa da maT qarTul TargmanebSi: mravalTavi, XIX, gv. 258-276. q. bezaraSvili, 2001,b _ q. bezaraSvili, `gareSe~ sibrZnisadmi damokidebulebisaTvis efrem mciris kolofonebSi: macne, els, 1-4, Tb., 2001, gv. 137-157. q. bezaraSvili, 2002 _ q. bezaraSvili, `Rrma wignuri sityvis~ gagebisaTvis efrem mciris kolofonebSi, els, 1-4, Tb., 2002, gv. 87-107. bezaraSvili, 2003 _ q. bezaraSvili, efrem mciris kolofonebi mTargmnelobiTi meTodebis da elinofiluri Taegmanis maxasiaTeblebsi Sesaxeb: literaturuli Ziebani, XXII, Tb., 2002, gv. 76-88; XXIV, 2003, gv. 103-117. bezaraSvili, 2004 _ q. bezaraSvili, ritorikisa da Targmanis Teoria da praqtika grigol RvTismetyvelis Tx- 252 - zulebaTa qarTuli Targmanebis mixedviT, Tb., 2004. beki, 1959 _ Hans Georg Beck, Kirche und theologische Litheratur im Byzantinschen Reich (Byzantinisches Handbuch im Rahmen des Handbuchs der Altertum Swissenhaft Zweiter Teil estere Band), Munchen, 1959. bizant. ist. _ Èñòîðèÿ Âèçàíòèè â òðåõ òîìàõ, Ì., 1967. bleiki, 1924 _ Cataloque des manuscrits de la Bibliotheque patriarchale grecque a Jerusalem par Robert P. Blake, Paris, 1924. bleiki, 1926 _ r. bleiki, efrem mciris literaturuli moRvaweobidan: `mimomxilveli~, I, tf., 1926, gv. 157172. bleiki, 1932 _ R. Blake, Cataloque des manuscrits Georgiens de la Bibliotheque de la laure d’Iviron au mont Ahtos, Paris, 1932. bregaZe, 1971 _ T. bregaZe, efrem mciris mier naTargmni Zeglebi (bibliografia): `mravalTavi~, I, Tb., 1971, gv. 429-460. bregaZe, 1988 _ grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Semcvel qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba, xelnawerebi aRwera, Sesavali da saZieblebi daurTo Tamar bregaZem, Tb., 1988 brose, 1838 _ M. Broset, Cataloque des livres georgiens tant imprime’s que manuscrits, anciens et modernes, 1838. buxbergeri, 1963 _ Lexikon fur Theoiogie und Kirche begrundet von Dr. Michael Buchberger, 1963, t.8. gabiZaSvili, 1978 _ e. gabiZaSvili, ruis-urbnisis krebis Zegliswera (filologiur-teqstologiuri gamokvleva), Tb., 1979. galavarisi, 1969 _ G. Galavaris, The Ilustration of the Liturgical of Gregory Nazianzenus Princeton, 1969. gamsaxurdia, 1966 _ s. gamsaxurdia, sazogadoebriv-istoriuli azris ganviTareba XI saukunis saqarTveloSi (giorgi mTawmideli, giorgi xucesmonazoni, efrem mcire, leonti mroveli), Tb., 1966. gamezardaSili, 1965 _ d. gamezardaSili, qarTuli kritika da qarTveli kritikosebi, Tb., 1965. gariti, 1855 -G. Garitte, L’ancience version georgienne des Actes des Apotres d apre’s deux manuscrits du Sinae; Louvain, 1955. - 253 - gaGeGilaZe, 1958 _ g. gaGeGilaZe, mxatvruli Targmanis Teoriis sakiTxebi, Tb., 1958. gardthauzeni, 1913 _ V. Gardthausen, Grichische Paleographie, 2-te Aufl. 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Tb., 1985 A II1 - yofili saeklesio muzeumis (A) koleqciisa, t. II,1, Seadgines da dasabeWdad moamzades: T. bregaZem, c. kaxabriSvilma, m. qavTariam, l. quTaTelaZem, c. Wankievma, l. xevsurianma, el. metrevelis redaqciiT. Tb., 1986. A IV - yofili saeklesio muzeumis xelnawerebi (A koleqcia), korneli kekeliZis saero redaqciiT, t. IV, Seadgina qristine SaraSiZem, Tb., 1954. A V - yofili saeklesio muzeumis xelnawerebi (A koleqcia), aleqsadre baramiZis saero redaqciiT, t. V, Seadgina lili quTaTelaZem, Tb., 1955 S I - yofili qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogaloebis (S) koleqciisa, t. I, Sedgenilia da dasabeWdad momzadebuli: T. bregaZis, T. enuqiZis, n. kasraZis, l. quTaTelaZis da qr. SaraSiZis mier, el. metrevelis redaqciiT, Tb., 1959. S II - yofili qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogaloebis (S) koleqciisa, t. II, Sedgenilia da dasabeWdad momzadebuli: a. baqraZis, T. bregaZis, - 272 - e. metrevelisa da mz. SaniZis mier, e. metrevelis redaqciiT, Tb., 1961. 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Wankievma, e. metrevelis redaqciiT, Tb., 1969. da redaqciiT, Tb., 1946. H I - saqarTvelos saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoebis yofili muzeumis xelnawerebi (H koleqcia) , akad. s. janaSias saerTo redaqciiT, t I , dasabeWdad momzadebulia xelnawerTa ganyofilebis TanamSromlebis l. quTaTelaZis da n. kasraZis mier, ilia abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiTa da redaqciiT, Tb., 1946. H II - saqarTvelos saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoebis yofili muzeumis xelnawerebi (H koleqcia), t. II, Sedgenilia da dasabeWdad momzadebuli lili quTaTelaZis, ilia abulaZis redaqciiT, Tb., 1951. H III - saqarTvelos saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoebis yofili muzeumis xelnawerebi (H koleqcia) , t. III , korneli kekeliZis saerTo redaqciiT, Sedgenilia da dasabeWdad momzadebuli qristine SaraSiZis xelmZRvanelobiTa da redaqciiT, Tb., 1948. - 273 - H IV - saqarTvelos saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoebis yofili muzeumis xelnawerebi (H koleqcia) , t. 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Hoeg, La Notation ekphonitique, Copenhaugue, 1935. - 279 - Sinaarsi: Sesavali ......................................................................................3 Tavi I efrem mciris mTargmnelobiTi da komentatoruli moRvaweoba ................................... 16 efrem mciris mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis zogadi daxasiaTeba .............................. 16 efremis `mozraxulis~ kvlevis istoria ..................... 26 komentatorul saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi termini da naTargmni Txzulebis komentirebis efrem mciriseuli principebi ......... 31 axali masalebi efrem mciris mier naTargmni Zeglebis bibliografiisTvis .................................. 54 efremis `mozraxuldarTuli~ Targmanebi da maTi Semcveli xelnawerebi ................................ 58 Tavi II mTargmnelis mozraxuli `Tavisa da bolo sa anderZebi~ ............................ 74 `samociqulos Targmanebis~ kolofonebi ................... 81 Teodorite kvirelis `filoTeon istoriis~ kolofonebi .............................................................. 98 `fsalmunTa Targmanebis~ Sesavali da anderZi ........ 102 grigol nazianzelis TxzulebaTa Targmanze darTuli mTargmnelis kolofonebi .................... 112 ioane damaskelis `wyaro codnisas~ Targmanze darTuli winasityvaoba da anderZi ..................... 129 Y Tavi III efrem mcire da bizantiuri filologiis zogierTi sakiTxi ......................... 139 cnobebi pavles epistoleTa komentarebis berZnuli dednebisa da pirveli egzegetikuri katenebis Sesaxeb ....140 svimeon metafrasti da metafrasuli agiografiis istoriis sakiTxebi .......................... 151 origenes `heqsaplebi~ ................................................. 156 bizantiuri xelnaweri wignebi da berZnuli wignTsacavebi ........................................ 160 efrem mciris kolofonebi (teqstebi) .......................... 173 Ephrem Mtsire`s Colophons ......................................................... 243 damowmebuli literatura .................................................... 250 - 280 -

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Darejan Tvaltvadze, ეფრემ მცირის კოლოფონები ( Ephrem Mtsire`s Colophons)

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Darejan Tvaltvadze, ეფრემ მცირის კოლოფონები ( Ephrem Mtsire`s Colophons)

Darejan Tvaltvadze, ეფრემ მცირის კოლოფონები ( Ephrem Mtsire`s Colophons)

Darejan Tvaltvadze, ეფრემ მცირის კოლოფონები ( Ephrem Mtsire`s Colophons)

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