`wiTeli brigadebi~ _ komunizmis propaganda iaraRiT

`italiis wiTeli brigadebi~ dasavleT evropis yvelaze mravalricxovani

memarcxene-radikaluri dajgufebaa, romelic amJamadac ki komunizmis ideebis
erTgulia sainteresoa, rom Tavad am organizaciis a!tivistebi, anu rogorc maT
uwodeben, `brigadistebi~, irwmunebian, rom msoflio"i komunizmi male
damyardeba, o#ond amisTvis sa$iroa `"eiara#ebuli propaganda~ %% saukunis
&'-ian wleb"i "e!mnili `wiTeli brigadebi~ italia"i d#esac bobo!robs da, sxvaTa
"oris, sul axlaxans, dasavlur masmedia"i gaielva informaciam imis Taobaze, rom
(''& wlis Teberval"i italielma karabinierebma daakaves `wiTeli brigadebis~ )*-
mde a!tivisti, romlebic premier-ministr silvio berluskonize Tavdasxmas
gegmavdnen Tavis droze, italiel samarTaldamcvelebs amaze erTi sityvac ar
uT!vamT, magram axla maTac daadastures, rom dakavebulebi `wiTeli
brigadebis~ wevrebi iyvnen
rogor Seiqmna wiTel teroristTa razmebi
italia"i memarcxene-radikaluri ideebi sayovelTaod ++ msoflio omis dasasruls
gavrcelda, rodesac cxadi gaxda, rom fa"izmis kraxi gardauvali iyo rogorc
cnobilia, im dros !veyana"i sab$oTa specsamsaxurebis faruli Tu a"kara
mxarda$eriT, mo!medebdnen partizanuli razmebi, romelTa umetesi nawilic
komunistur ideologias iziarebda italiis partizanul mo,raoba"i mravali !arTveli
meomaric monawileobda- maT "oris yvelaze cnobilia fore mosuli"vili, romelic
italiis mTavrobam sikvdilis "emdgom daajildova ordeniT `mxedruli
mamacobisaTvis~ !arTvelebi, aseve, italiel partizanTa winaa#mdegac
ibr,odnen . omis dasasruls, germaniis "eiara#ebuli ,alebis sardlobam kavkasiuri
batalioni `bergmani~ swored am mizniT gadmoisrola kavkasiidan /rdilo italia"i
saxelwodeba `wiTeli brigadebic~ germaneli oficrebis slengidan modis . ase
e,axdnen isini italiel partizanebs
bunebrivia, ++ msoflio om"i sab$oTa kav"iris gamarjvebam didi gavlena
i!onia evropel komunistebze, romlebmac mar!sizm-leninizmis ideebis !adageba
axali ga!anebiT daiwyes imxanad, italiur presa"i bevrs werdnen imazec, rom
!veyana"i komunisturi partia `gaaxalgazrdavda da gaTavxedda~ . ekonomikuri
sidux$iris gamo, mis rigeb"i a#mo/nda uamravi umu"evari axalgazrda, romelTa
umetesoba gacilebiT ufro radikalurad azrovnebda, vidre mar!si, engelsi, lenini da
stalini- swored radikalTa mom,lavrebis gamo, italiis komunistur partias uamravi
dajgufeba gamoeyo am xalxma male imdeni problema "eu!mna xelisuflebas,
rom italiuri presa pirdapir werda0 roms ori Tavsatexi a!vs . samxreT"i `mafia~
da /rdiloeT"i ki `wiTlebio~
gasuli saukunis 1'-iani wlebis "uaxaneb"i, milan"i samu"aos sa"ovnelad
trentinoeli gogona, margerita kagolic /amovida man erT-erT restoran"i jer
$ur$lis mrecxavad daiwyo mu"aoba, ramdenime Tve"i ki mzareulis damxmared
gamwesda, Tan universitet"ic /aabara margerita beds namdvilad ar u/ioda,
magram erT m"venier d#es restornis mepatrone gakotrda da mTeli !oneba
mevaleebs gadasca axalma "efma ki, mosvlisTanave daiTxova ,veli momsaxure
personali ise, rom axsna-ganmartebisTvis Tavi ar "euwuxebia
ase rom, margerita kagoli samu"aos gare"e, !u/a"i dar/a- man moindoma,
rom restornis axali mflobelisTvis e/ivla, magram amaod . sasamarTlo"i sar/elis
"etanas advokatis momsaxureba s$irdeboda, margeritas ki fuli ar 2!onda
garda amisa, gogona Tavs "euracxyofilad imitomac gr,nobda, rom warmo"obiT
italieli ki ara, retoromaneli iyo- retoromanelebs ki imxanad italiis xelisufleba
calke erovnebad ar cnobda- margerita kagoli "efis upasuxismgeblo sa!ciels
swored amiT xsnida . im restoran"i, romel"ic is mu"aobda, mzareulTa
umetesoba retoromanelebi iyvnen- erT d#es, margeritas xel"i /auvarda gazeTi
`socialuri br,ola~ 3`La Lotta Sociale~4, romelic im dros ubralo xalx"i ,alze popularuli
iyo- gogonam gazeTi bolomde waikiTxa da gadawyvita, rom Tavis "efze erTi
mwvave statia daewera, reda!ciisaTvis gaegzavna da guli amgvarad
moeoxebina
`socialuri br,ola~ memarcxene-radikaluri mimarTulebis gazeTi iyo,
mTavrobas mudam kri$a"i edga da amitomac, naxevradlegalurad gamodioda .
reda!torica da Jurnalistebic karabinierebis adgilobrivi ganyofilebis izolatoris x"iri
stumrebi iyvnen da statiebsac, umeteswilad, i!ve werdnen- mere axloblebs
saidumlod atandnen stamba"i da, ukve dabe$dil gazeTsac maTve
avrcelebinebdnen fabrika-!arxnebsa Tu universiteteb"i amavdroulad, reda!cias
sakuTari `myefarebic~ 2yavda . patara mkvircxli bi$ebi, romlebic statiaTa
saTaurebs milanis !u/eb"i xmama#la ga2yvirodnen da yvelasaTvis misawvdom
fasad 2yiddnen gazeTs
margerita kagolma statia marTlac dawera da `socialuri br,olis~ reda!cias
Tavadve ewvia . is milanis erT-erT gareuban"i, na!iraveb garaJ"i iyo
ganTavsebuli gogonas i! ori axalgazrda kaci daxvda . renato kur/o da alberto
fran/eskini pirveli imxanad gazeTs reda!torobda, xolo meore ki feletonisti iyo
maT margeritas statia mouwones, 2onorari i!ve gadauxades da
Tanam"romlobac "esTavazes cxadia, gogona daTanxmda da, mas momavali
nomrisaTvis umu"evrad dar/enil !alebze statiis dawera daavales
`socialur br,ola"i~ gamo!veynebulma statiebma margerita kagols male
moutana popularoba . mzareulis yofili Tana"emwe mgznebare memarcxene-
radikalad i!ca da mar!sizm-leninizmis debulebebic brwyinvaled aiTvisa sul male
is da renato kur/o da!orwindnen, gazeTis dafinanseba ki aralegalurma `italiis
mebr,olma komunisturma partiam~ 3`Partito Comunista Combatente Italiano~4 iTava .
es gaxldaT maoisturi mimarTulebis gaerTianeba, romlis mTavar amocanas
italia"i `proletaruli revoluciis~ gziT, komunizmis damyareba "eadgenda
margerita kagoli, renato kur/o da alberto fran/eskini maleve i!cnen partiis
mTavar mamo,ravebel ,alad, gazeTs ki saxeli "eucvales da `memarcxene
proletariati~ 3`La Sinistra Proletaria~4 uwodes
mTavrobis garda, `mebr,ol komunistebs~ neofa"isturi dajgufebebic
aviwroebdnen . maT erTxel margerita kagoli da misi meu#le !u/a"i sastikad
scemes da miimalnen rasakvirvelia, dazaralebulma col-!marma policias ver
mimarTa, magram ga/umeba arc ufi!riaT . gazeT `memarcxene proletariatis~
morig nomer"i daibe$da margerita kagolis statia, romel"ic is axalgazrda
proletarebs #irsebis dasacavad xel"i iara#is a#ebisken mouwodebda amave
dros, gazeTis emblemas . varskvlavs, namgalsa da uros renato kur/om ori
gadajvaredinebuli "a"xanac daumata- es imas ni"navda, rom proletariati ukve
"eiara#ebul br,olas iwyebda
margerita kagolis mowodebas pirvelni gamoexmaurnen !arxana `pirelis~
mu"ebi . )515 wels maT !arxnis mflobels daumor/ilebloba gamoucxades da
xanmokle "exla-"emoxlis "emdeg, mTel !arxanas daeuflnen, wiTeli dro"ebi
a#marTes da xelfasis momateba moiTxoves ga,evebulma mflobelma policia ki
gamoi,axa, magram amaod . gamoirkva, rom !arxana"i gamagrebuli, gaficuli
mu"ebi "eiara#ebulebi iyvnen sa!me"i karabinierebi /aerTvnen da, oTxd#iani
ficxeli br,olis "edegad, `pirelis~ !arxana "turmiT ai#es buntis moTaveTa
dapatimrebis "emdeg karabinierebisTvis cnobili gaxda, rom !arxana"i iara#i
alberto fran/eskinim da misma amfsonma, vinme mario moretim "eitanes
cxadia, samarTaldamcvelebma orive daapatimres, magram `proletaruli
revolucia~ amiT ar damTavrebula- amjerad, bunti milanis umsxviles !arxana"i .
`sit-simens"i~ moxda0 mu"ebma i! yvelaferi dalewes, dire!ciis
warmomadgenlebi m,evlad aiyvanes da kategoriulad moiTxoves, rom italiis
mTavrobas !arxnis nacionalizacia moexdina sainteresoa, rom am bunts win
u,#oda `memarcxene proletariat"i~ gamo!veynebuli margerita kagolis statia
`sit-simensisa~ da italieli neofa"istebis faruli Tanam"romlobis "esaxeb- am
yvelafers ki "edegad is mo2yva, rom `memarcxene proletariati~ daixura, renato
kur/o da margerita kagoli marTlmsajulebas iatak!ve"eT"i gae!cnen, xolo
!arxana `sit-simensis~ xelm,#vanelobas italiis mTavrobis mesveurTa wina"e
sakmaod uxerxul kiTxvebze mouwia pasuxis gacemam
)5&' wels, milanelma karabinierebma informatorebisagan "eityves, rom
!ala!is fabrika-!arxneb"i aralegalurad mo!medebda "eiara#ebuli dajgufeba,
romlis wevrebic Tavs ++ msoflio omisdroindeli `wiTeli brigadebis~ ideur
memkvidreebad mii/nevdnen am dajgufebis ,iriTad amocanas
demonstraciebisa Tu sxvagvari saprotesto gamosvlebis dros, samTavrobo
,alebis mogerieba "eadgenda ramdenime xnis "emdeg isic gamoirkva, rom
`wiTeli brigadebis~ calkeuli ujredebi milanis cixe"ic arsebobda . JargoniT rom
vT!vaT, i! wiTlebi `cixis mayureblebis~ fun!cias asrulebdnen da organizebas
uwevdnen patimarTa gamosvlebs mokled, milanel karabinierebs maTi saxiT
gvariani Tavsatexi gau/ndaT
erTi wlis "emdeg, )-el maiss, milan"i mu"aTa grandiozuli demonstracia
gaimarTa . !ala!is centr"i )'' aTasze metma kacma moiyara Tavi policiam scada,
maTTvis !u/ebis gadaketvis ufleba ar mieca da, xalxis dasa"lelad rezinis tyviebi
gamoiyena- sapasuxod, demonstrantTa mxridan cecxli gaxsnes, rasac aTamde
policieli emsxverpla rogorc mogvianebiT dadginda, policielebs cecxli
ni#bosnebma gauxsnes, romelTac xakisferi samxedro-savele formebi ecvaT da
marcxena xelze wiTeli samklaurebi ekeTaT imave sa#amos, amgvarad /acmuli
xalxi, wiTeli dro"ebiT xel"i, mTel !ala!"i gamo/nda isini cecxls ukidebdnen
avtoman!anebs, !u/eb"i barikadebs agebdnen da samarTaldamcvelTa
gadaadgilebas efe!turad u"lidnen xels karabinierebi da policia milan"i wesrigis
damyarebas sam d#es moundnen mere ki, "etakebaTa "edegad da$rilebi da
da#upulebi roca a#nusxes, gamoirkva, rom msxverpli didi iyo . `wiTel
brigadebs~ *'-ze meti samarTaldamcveli dae$raT, xolo ('-mde ki moeklaT
miuxedavad amisa, karabinierebma ramdenime ni#bosnis dakaveba mainc
"e,les da swored maTgan "eityves, rom `wiTeli brigadebi~ ramodenime,
erTmaneTisgan fa!tobrivad damoukidebeli razmisagan "edgeboda- rogorc wesi,
yovel razms sakuTari saxelwodeba 2!onda da, saTave"i edga meTauri
3`Caporegime~4, romelic uma#les xelm,#vanelobas . margerita kagols da renato
kur/os emor/ileboda a#sani"navia, rom margerita kagoli `wiTeli brigadis~
wevrTa "oris cnobili iyo, rogorc `deda maria~ 3`Mamma Maria~4 an `mara~
3`Mara~4
)5&'-)5&* wleb"i, `wiTelma brigadebma~ italiis /rdiloeT"i, fa!tobrivad,
orxelisuflebianoba daamyares . milanis, genuis da turinis fabrika-!arxnebis
mu"ebi maTi gavlenis !ve" moe!cnen- saprotesto demonstraciebi da mitingebi
TiT!mis yoveld#e ewyoboda da mas"tabur "exla-"emoxla"i gadaizrdeboda
xolme mu"ebs, rogorc wesi, iara#i yovelTvis Tan 2!ondaT, karabinierebs da
policias ki maTTan gamklaveba ,alze u$irdaT a#sani"navia, rom )5&( wlidan
`wiTelma brigadebma~ fexi turin"i mdebare cnobil saavtomobilo !arxana"i .
`fiat"ic~ moikides cnobili italiuri gazeTi `korriere della sera~ ma"in a#ni"navda,
/rdiloeT"i `tyviis era~ 3`I anni di piombo~4 dadgao sainteresoa, rom imxanad,
xelisuflebis garda, `wiTel brigadebs~ `mafiac~ upirispirdeboda . samxreTel
`naTlimamebs~, romlebic /rdilouri fabrika-!arxnebis mmarTvelebs wil"i ejdnen,
margerita kagolis saxelis xseneba acofebdaT Tavis mxriv, arc `deda maria~
indobda xolme maT da `,aliT gakapitalistebul soflel nabi$vrebs~ uwodebda
`wiTlebi~ bevrs saubrobdnen `mafiisa~ da samTavrobo wreTa m$idro
urTierTkav"irzec da, sxvaTa "oris, samxreTelebs mouwodebdnen, daer#viaT
dumilis, anu `omertas~ kanoni0 `d#es italia"i `mafia~ da mTavroba
urTierT"eTanxmebulad mo!medeben maT ukanono da Tavgasul !medebebs ki
amyarebs dumilis kanoni amitom sa$iroa, samxreTelebmac "eimecnon
mowinave komunisturi ideebi, iara#i ai#on xel"i da TavianTi Tavi sisxlismsmeli
kapitalistebisa da maTi nabi$vrebisgan Tavadve daicvan~ . werda margerita
kagoli )5&* wels
a#sani"navia, rom `tyviis eris~ wleb"i `brigadistebma~ fabrika-!arxneb"i
"e!mnes ew `proletaruli sasamarTloebi~- swored maT gamo2!ondaT tera!tis
gana/eni arasasurvel pirTaTvis da amas `sekvestrirebas~ uwodebdnen )5&*
wels `sekvestrirebis~ gana/eni gamoutanes mTels italia"i cnobil me#vineTa
ojaxs . gan/as tera!tis a#sruleba Tavad margerita kagolma iTava igi
ramdenime `brigadistTan~ erTad piemont"i, !ala! melaco"i gaemgzavra, sadac
gan/as venaxebi mdebareobda- `deda maria~ ojaxis axalgazrda memkvidris,
vitorio valarino gan/as mokvlas gegmavda mas garegnoba "ecvlili ki 2!onda,
magram !u/a"i "emTxveviT /amovlilma karabinierebma mainc icnes margerita
kagolma da misma Tanamebr,olebma maT xelyumbarebi dau"ines da
umetesoba daxoces cocxali gadar/a mxolod erTi leitenanti . vinme umberto
roka, romelmac sapasuxo gasroliT margerita kagols bolo mou#o
`brigadistebma~ TavianTi meTauris gvami !u/a"ive miatoves da gai!cnen
samarTaldamcvelebma maT kvals ve#ar miagnes
`deda marias~ da#upvidan meore d#esve, `wiTelma brigadebma~
gaavrceles proklamacia, romel"ic naT!vami iyo, rom organizacia br,olis axal
etapze gadadioda0 `komunizmis saboloo gamarjvebamde da proletariatis
di!taturis damyarebamde /ven iara#s ar davyriT6 /ven "urs vi,iebT amxanagi
maras gamo6~ . imu!rebodnen `wiTlebi~ )5&7 wels maT italiis !ristianul-
demokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomare, italiis yofili premier-ministri, cnobili politikosi
aldo moro gaitaces, romelic ** d#is ganmavloba"i tyved 2yavdaT `wiTel
brigadebs~ datyvevebulis gaTavisuflebis moTxovniT TviT romis papmac ki
mimarTa, magram amaod . aldo moros usicocxlo sxeuli samarTaldamcavebma
)5&7 wlis 5 maiss, !ristian-demokratTa ofisis axlos ga/erebul, ,veli `renos~
sabargul"i naxes swored ma"in gaxda mTeli msofliosTvis cnobili `wiTeli
brigadebis~ `sa!meni sagmironi~
struqtura, taqtika da ZiriTadi amocanebi
stru!turiT `wiTeli brigadebi~ arc Tu ise gansxvavdeba sxva teroristul
dajgufebaTagan . organizacias xelm,#vanelobs uma#lesi meTauri, romelsac
`Capocolonna~ ewodeba mmarTvelobis uma#les organos warmoadgens
`brigadebis a#masrulebeli komiteti~ 3`Il Comitato Esecutivo delle Brigate~4- misi
wevrebi ki arian italiis sxvadasxva mxare"i mo!medi "eiara#ebuli razmebis
xelm,#vanelebi da `proletarul sasamarTloTa~ msajulebi a#sani"navia isic, rom
`wiTeli brigadebis~ wevrTa raodenoba, dauzustebeli monacemebiT,
milionnaxevarsac ki a#emateba
d#esd#eobiT, `wiTeli brigadebis~ filialebi italiis yvela did !ala!"i arsebobs,
Tumca !veynis samxreT nawil"i isini "edarebiT "ez#udulni arian TiToeul filials
2yavs Tavisi xelm,#vaneloba, romelsac sasamarTlo da "eiara#ebuli dajgufeba
e!vemdebareba da a!vs saxelwodeba . magaliTad, neapol"i mo!medebs
`wiTeli brigadebis sapatimroTa fronti~, xolo genua"i ki `wiTeli brigadebis
partizanuli ganyofileba~ da a" a#sani"navia isic, rom arcTu i"viaTad, erT
!ala!"i arsebobs `wiTeli brigadebis~ ramodenime filiali . rogorc leninisturi, ise
maoisturi mimarTulebebisa, Tumca#a yvelani erT uma#les meTaurs
emor/ilebian0 `komunizm"i "ei,leba arsebobdes sxvadasxvagvari xedva,
magram mizani erTia~ . amgvaria `wiTeli brigadebis~ xelm,#vanelTa
"exeduleba am sakiTxze a! unda iT!vas isic, rom filialebi erTmaneTisagan
TiT!mis damoukideblad mo!medeben, magram `a#masrulebeli komitetisa~ da
uma#lesi meTauris daumor/ilebloba ar epatiebaT
sainteresoa, rom /vens dro"i `wiTeli brigadebis~ yvelaze meti filiali italiis
penitenciarul organoeb"i mo!medebs, sadac `wiTlebi~, tradiciulad,
samarTaldamcvelTa garda, `mafiasac~ upirispirdebian xolme italiis cixeebi
pirobiTad, `wiTel~ da `"av~ zonebad iyofa- cxadia, `wiTel zona"i~ mTeli
,alaufleba `wiTeli brigadebisa~ da maTi `proletaruli sasamarTloebis~ xel"ia
mo!ceuli, xolo `"av zoneb"i~ ki `mafia~ batonobs italiel e!spertTa cnobebiT, %%+
saukunis dasawyisisaTvis `wiTeli brigadebis~ erTi filiali palermos `u/ardones~
cixe"ic ki dafi!sirda, sadac adre `mafias~ namdvili di!tatura 2!onda
damyarebuli /veulebriv ki, `wiTeli brigadebi~ samxreT italia"i, Tu mxedveloba"i
ar mivi#ebT !ala! neapols, naklebad popularulni arian
italiis farglebs gareT, `wiTeli brigadebis~ warmomadgenlobebi aris,
upirveles yovlisa, "veicaria"i 3kanton tesino"i4, safrangeT"i 3savoiasa da nica"i4,
monakosa da avstria"ic, agreTve . argentinasa da brazilia"i isini an aralegalurad
mo!medeben, an daregistrirebulni arian, rogorc memarcxene mimarTulebis
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi
`wiTeli brigadebis~ sabr,olo ta!tika tradiciulad, `teroristulia~ . organizaciis
a!tivistebi samarTaldamcvelebTan mas"tabur dapirispirebebs Tavs arideben,
daxelovnebulni arian !ala!is pirobeb"i partizanuli omis warmarTva"i, masobrivi
areulobebisa da amboxebebis mowyoba"i da a" isini did mni"vnelobas
ani$eben penitenciarul organoeb"i propagandis warmoebas da patimarTa
kamika,eebad gamoyenebas . rogorc wesi, am mizniT iseT xalxs ar/even,
romelTac Tavisufleba mudmivad an ,alze xangr,livad a!vT a#kveTili-
samagierod, tera!tis a#srulebis "emdgom, maT ojaxebs `wiTeli brigadebis~
a#masrulebeli komiteti mudmiv pensias uni"navs
tera!ti, `wiTeli brigadebis~ TeoretikosTa azriT, ,alis demonstrireba ufroa,
vidre msxverplis dasjis erT-erTi sa"ualeba amitomac, igi ise unda ganxorcieldes,
rom yvelasTvis yvelaferi cxadi iyos . `wiTel brigadebs~ msxverplis u/umrad
ganadgureba ar s/veviaT- /veulebisamebr, organizaciis a!tivistebi tera!tamde
ramodenime xniT adre dayrian xolme $orebs, rom ama da am politikoss, an
biznesmens maTi xeliT sikvdili emu!reba "emdeg, roca tera!ts marTlac
moawyoben, `wiTlebi~ pasuxismgeblobis a#ebas wuTiTac ar ayovneben
a#sani"navia, rom aseTi ta!tika msoflio"i mo!medi teroristuli dajgufebebis
umravlesobas axasiaTebs da is `politikuri teroris~ saxeliTaa cnobili sainteresoa,
rom magaliTad, `mafia~, `ndrageta~ da italiis sxva tradiciuli kriminaluri
gaerTianebebi msxverplTa u/umrad ganadgurebas ufro amjobineben
a#sani"navia isic, rom Tanamedrove `wiTel brigadeb"i~ a"karad "eim/neva
ew `naxevrad legalizebisadmi~ midrekileba, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom am
organizaciis "emadgeneli nawilebi fi!ciurad registrirdeba politikur an
arasamTavrobo gaerTianebebad da, aseve fi!ciurad gmobs terorizms, Tumca#a
memarcxene-radikalur ideebs ar #alatobs amgvari tendenciebi )) se!tembris
tera!tTa "emdgomi periodidan "eini"neba, roca msoflio"i antiteroristuli
ganwyoba arnaxulad ga,lierda miuxedavad amisa, italiel samarTaldamcavTa
azriT, `wiTeli brigadebis~ ,ireul transformaciaze saubari jer kidev ,alze naadrevia
. sxva rom ara iyos ra, &'-iani wlebis `brigadebis~ liderebi isev cocxlebi arian da
partiul mo#vaweobasac agr,eleben0 magaliTad, 18 wlis renato kur/o axlac `italiis
mebr,ol komunistur partias~ meTaurobs, xolo alberto fran/eskini erT-erTi
memarcxene-radikaluri gazeTis reda!toria da ramdenime wlis win memuarebis
wignic gamosca
`wiTeli brigadebi~ wevrebi amJamad m$idrod dakav"irebulni arian aseve,
antiglobalistur mo,raobasTan, iziareben da propagandas uweven maT ideebsac-
ker,od, isini moiTxoven italiis gasvlas evrokav"iridan da natodan rogorc `korriere
della sera~ werda, `brigadistebi~ (''& wels, silvio berluskonis likvidirebas
swored `politikuri kursis "ecvlis mizniT~ gegmavdnen
`wiTeli brigadebis~ mxardamWerebi politikaSi
da sazRargareTeli mokaSireebi
d#esd#eobiT, italiis politika"i memarcxene-radikalebi mni"vnelovan rols ver
Tama"oben, magram sakanonmdeblo organoeb"i warmodgenilni arian
a#sani"navia, rom `wiTel brigadebs~ oficialuri politikuri mxardam$erebi
amJamad ar 2yavT- Tumca#a, italieli e!spertebi mii/neven, rom am organizacias
garkveuli kav"iri unda 2!ondes `italiis politikur-militarul komunistur partiasTan~,
romelic (''& wlidan !veyana"i naxevrad legalurad mo!medebs- garda amisa,
rogorc a#ini"na, arsebobs aseve `italiis mebr,oli komunisturi partiac~, romelsac
renato kur/o meTaurobs genuis, paduasa da italiis zogi sxva !ala!is
sakanonmdeblo organo"i . `junta"i~ . es partiebi amJamadac ki arian
warmodgenilni
Tanamedrove italiis parlament"i ki, erTi memarcxene-radikaluri partiaa .
`winaa#mdegobis mxarda$eris komitetebi . komunizmisaTvis~ 3`Comitati alla
Resistenza per il Comunismo~, CARC4, romelic maoisturi mimarTulebis politikuri
gaerTianebaa- ew `zomieri memarcxenenic~ bevrni arian . `italiis komunistTa
partia~, `italiis socialisturi partia~, `italiis komunisturi gaerTianeba~,
`demokrati-memarcxeneebi~, `memarcxene mo,raoba~, `memarcxene
gaerTianeba~ da a" a#sani"navia isic, rom CARC `italiis politikur-militarul
komunistur partias~ )55) wels gamoeyo da, sxvaTa "oris, sakmaod gavlenian
,alad iTvleba partiis warmomadgenlebma (''& wels, `brigadistebis~
dakavebasTan dakav"irebiT ganacxades, rom teroristTa gaa!tiurebis mTavari
mizezi silvio berluskonis politika iyo- sxvaTa "oris, italiuri masmediis informaciiT,
CARC-s m$idro kav"iri a!vs `wiTeli brigadebis~ maoisturi mimarTulebis
filialebTan
`wiTel brigadebs~ sakmaod 2yavT saz#vargareTeli mokav"ireebic . a!,
upirveles yovlisa, unda a#ini"nos libiis saxalxo jama2iriis lideri muamar kadafi,
venesuelis prezidenti ugo /avesi da kubis lideri fidel kastro- aseve . iasir arafatic,
romlis gardacvalebis "emdeg, `brigadistebma~ flirti `2amasisa~ da `2ezbolas~
liderebTan gaa/a#es rasakvirvelia, a! /amoTvlili memarcxene liderebis ukan
sab$oTa `ka-ge-bes~ siluetic ilandeba- miT umetes, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT
imasac, rom gasuli saukunis &'-iani wlebis "uaxaneb"i, italia"i aralegalurad
did,ali rusuli warmoebis iara#i da sabr,olo masala "emovida- rogorc
samarTaldamcvelebma da kontradzvervam daadgines, es iara#i germaniis
demokratiul respublika"i arsebuli sab$oTa bazebidan iyo gamotanili
`wiTel brigadebs~ imTaviTve m$idro kav"iri a!vT msoflio"i mo!med iseT
dajgufebebTan, rogoricaa `kolumbiis revoluciuri "eiara#ebuli ,alebi~, `sendero
luminoso~, `irlandiis respublikuri armia~, `na!salitebi~, `iaponiis wiTeli armia~,
`eta~, `germaniis wiTeli armiis nawilebi~ da a" bunebrivia, italiel `wiTlebs~
am organizaciebTan saerTo ideologiuri platforma da "exedulebebi aerTianebs
garda amisa, `wiTeli brigadebi~ gawevrebulia ew `evropis memarcxene-
radikalur internacional"i~, romel"ic mis garda, "edis agreTve `germaniis wiTeli
armiis nawilebi~, ber,nuli `)& noembris mo,raoba~, irlandiuri `"in feini~,
`respublikuri armia~, baskuri `eta~ da a"
`wiTeli brigadebis~ cnobili aqciebi
!"#" wlis Semodgoma . masobrivi areulobebi milanis fabrika-!arxnebsa da
universiteteb"i, rasac win u,#oda italiis wiTel presa"i gamo!veynebuli statiebi,
mu"aTa da studentTa uflebebis uxe"i dar#vevis Taobaze swored ma"in, erT-erT
studentur mitingze margerita kagoli iara#iT warsdga da, sityvis
damTavrebisTanave, 2aer"i gaisrola imis ni"nad, rom proletariati br,olas
iwyebda-
!"$% wlis !& agisto . mu"aTa "eiara#ebuli ajanyeba milanis `pekoriles~
!arxana"i karabinerebma erTkviriani alyis "edegad, !arxana"i wesrigi kvlav
a#adgines, Tumca#a maT amisaTvis m,ime te!nikis mo"velieba das$irdaT
ma"in meamboxeebma TavianT Tavs pirvelad uwodes `wiTeli brigadebi~
gamosvlebis "edegad orive mxridan dai#upa )* kaci, dai$ra amdenive
!"$& wlis !' aprili . `wiTelma brigadebma~ gaitaces prokurori mario sosi,
romelmac am organizaciis liderebs0 alberto fran/eskinis, margerita kagols, mario
moretis da pietro bertolacis dauswreblad miusaja kator#a mario sosi
karabinierebma imave wlis mais"i gaaTavisufles
!"$& wlis !$ inisi . `wiTeli brigadebis~ erT-erTma !vedanayofma !ala!
padua"i, ,abarelas !u/aze, `italiis socialuri mo,raobis~ ofis"i pirveli tera!ti
moawyo, romelsac emsxverplnen karabinieri graciano jiralu/i da komerciuli
agenti juzepe macola- `wiTelma brigadebma~, pasuxismgeblobis a#ebisas,
`italiis socialuri mo,raoba~ neofa"istur gaerTanebad monaTles-
!"$' wlis !# marti . `wiTelma brigadebma~ italiis !ristianul-demokratiuli
partiis Tavmjdomare da italiis yofili premier-ministri, cnobili politikosi aldo moro
gaitaces, romelic ** d#is ganmavloba"i tyved 2yavdaT `wiTel brigadebs~
datyvevebulis gaTavisuflebis moTxovniT TviT romis papma mimarTa 3buliT .
`T!ven, wiTeli brigadis wevrebo~4, magram amaod . aldo moros gvami
samarTaldamcavebma )5&7 wlis 5 maiss, !ristian-demokratTa ofisis axlos
ga/erebul, ,veli `renos~ sabargul"i naxes
!"'% wlis !( Teberali _ `brigadistebma~ mokles ekonomikuri samarTlis
profesori vitorio ba"eleti, romelic amavdroulad sazogadoebriv mo,raoba
`kaTolikur mo!medebas~ 3`LAzzione Cattolica~4 xelm,#vanelobda mogvianebiT
ki, `wiTelma brigadebma~ ganacxades, rom `kaTolikuri mo!medeba~
neofa"isturi gaerTianeba iyo da misi bevri wevri ++ msoflio omis dros
germanelebTanac ki Tanam"romlobda
!"'# wlis !% Teberali _ cnobili florencieli sa!mosnis, lando kontis mkvleloba
`wiTelma brigadebma~ pasuxismgeblobis a#ebis dros ganacxades, rom lando
konti sistematurad ugulvebel2yofda mu"ebis interesebs
!"'' wlis !# aprili _ `brigadistebma~ tera!ti mouwyves senator roberto rufilis,
romelic imJamindel premier-ministr /iriako de mitas gundis wevri iyo da, rogorc
memarcxene-radikalebi irwmunebodnen, mas `"avbneli sa!meebis keTeba"i
exmareboda
!""$ wlis !! marti _ `wiTeli brigadebis~ erT-erTma razmma !ala! turin"i
saprotesto demonstracia gamarTa, romlis msvlelobisas karabinierebTan
"etakeba mouxdaT dai#upa *, dai$ra )*-mde kaci orive mxridan imave d#es,
`brigadistebma~ ganacxades, rom `saxelmwifoebriv usamarTlobaze~ Tvals ar
daxu$avdnen
(%%& wlis bolo _ genuis !alTa cixe"i `brigadistebma~ bunti atexes da
administracia patimarTa uflebebis dacva mosTxoves `wiTeli brigadebis~
adgilobrivi filialis xelm,#vanelma, vinme /incia banelim, igive `amxanagma
som~ "emTxvevis adgilze misul karabinierebs ganucxada, rom cixis "enoba
patimrebs dana#muli 2!ondaT molaparakebaTa "edegad `brigadistTa~ yvela
moTxovna dakmayofilda da bunti "ewyda
(%%$ wlis !( Teberali . italielma samarTaldamcvelebma daapatimres )*
`brigadisti~, romlebic premier-ministr silvio berluskonis likvidirebas gegmavdnen
isini berluskonis vilis teritoriaze im dros aiyvanes, rodesac i!aurobis dana#mvas
apirebdnen- italiis "inagan sa!meTa saministrom am sa!mis detalebi mxolod
(')' wels gamoamzeura
mixeil labaZe