Professional Documents
Culture Documents
sasamarTlo
unar-CvevebSi
gamomcemloba meridiani
Tbilisi 2012
saxelmZRvanelos momzadeba, redaqtireba da qarTul enaze Targmna SesaZlebeli gaxda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis TanamSromleTa didi ZalisxmeviTa da
Tavdauzogavi muSaobiT. saxelmZRvanelos SeqmnisaTvis gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis did madlobas vuxdiT amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa saqarTvelos ofisis Semdeg TanamSromlebs:
mamuka mamacaSvils (sisxlis samarTlis programis xelmZRvaneli);
medea maTiaSvils (ufrosi iuristi);
ana lorias (iuristi);
giorgi amaSukels (iuristi);
daviT ebraliZes (iuristi);
Tea WeliZes (finansuri menejeri);
maka cinaZes (programis TanaSemwe);
lali RvalaZes (programis TanaSemwe);
daviT saceraZes (informaciuli teqnologiebis specialisti);
mirian CixlaZes (mZRoli);
TinaTin jamaspiSvils (mTargmneli);
deniel lindharts (specialisti).
avtorTa jgufi
gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2012
ISBN 978-9941-10-484-8
ABA ROLI Georgia also thanks the following persons and organizations
for helping to make this Text Book possible: The U.S. Ambassador to Georgia
John R. Bass, Rob Boone, Corinne Smith, Irina Parshikova, Kristi Kontak, Dr.
Thomas R. OConnor, Mike Turner, Cecil C. Kuhne III, Mark Cameron, Laura
Malenas, Jared Kimball, David DeVillers, Dana Sawyers-Fordham, Nata Tsnoriashvili, Gvantsa Sauri, Scott Thorpe, Kim Turner, Judith Campbell, Rachel
Holtzman, Stein Lourdes, Tia Schwartzman Jon Rapping Steven Lubet, Scott
Burns, The National District Attorneys Association, The California District Attorneys Association, The Public Defenders Office of the District of Columbia,
Dennis Murphy, the Legal Aid Society of New York, Stephen Rench, Jeffrey T.
Frederick, American Law Institute and The Bureau for International Narcotics
and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL).
Ronald A. Wolfson
Country Director, American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative,
Georgia
Trail Advocacy Skills Daniel Linhardt was created by Daniel Linhardt for use by
ABA ROLI and was edited and translated into the Georgian language by ABA ROLI
Georgia for use by lawyers in Georgia.
ABA ROLI Georgia thanks Mr. Jon Rapping, Southern Public Defender Training
Center for permission to use parts of his article on case analysis `Brainstorming the Facts,
Developing a Case Theory, and Creating a Story for an Effective Presentation at Trial)
ABA ROLI Georgia also thanks NITA and Mr. Steven Lubet for the sections used
from Modern Trial Advocacy by Steven Lubet, Law school edition, National Institute for
Trial Advocacy, 2000, USA, which are attributed and footnoted
ABA ROLI Georgia Thanks Mr. Stephen C. Rench for permission to use his section on Voir Dire/ Jury Selection from The Rench Book by Stephen C. Rench which was
edited and translated to be used by lawyers and law students in Georgia.
Jury Selection _ `Mastering Voir Dire and Jury Selection edited and translated into
the Georgian language by ABA ROLI Georgia for use by lawyers in Georgia from `Mastering Voir Dire~ by Jeffrey T. Frederick originally published by the American Bar Association. Copyright (US) 2011 American Bar Association. Translated, published and
distributed under the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative-Georgia. Translation Copyright (US) 2012 American Bar Association. All Rights Reserved. The contents
of this publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without written permission of the American Bar Association, Manager of Copyrights and Licensing, 321 North
Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; e-mail: copyright@abanet.org
Voir Dire Questions _edited and translated into the Georgian language by ABA
ROLI Georgia for use by lawyers in Georgia. From `Mastering Voir Dire~ by Jeffrey T.
Frederick originally published by the American Bar Association. Copyright (US) 2011
American Bar Association. Translated, published and distributed under the American
Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative-Georgia. Translation Copyright (US) 2012 American Bar Association. All Rights Reserved. The contents of this publication may not be
reproduced, in whole or in part, without written permission of the American Bar Association, Manager of Copyrights and Licensing, 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois
60654, USA; e-mail: copyright@abanet.org
Client Interview _ Article: BUILDING THE RELATIONSHIP WITH YOU CLIENT by Jon Rapping, Southern Public Defender Training Center; Former Director of
Training for the Public Defender Service (D.C.), New Orleans (post-Katrina), State of
Georgia. Used by permission from and thanks to Jon Rapping and edited and translated
into the Georgian language by ABA ROLI Georgia.
Client Interview Checklist Used with thanks to the American Law Institute and
edited and translated into the Georgian Language for use by lawyers in Georgia by the
ABA ROLI Georgia
`A Litigators Guide to Expert Witnesses~ by Cecil C. Kuhne III originally published by the American Bar Association. Copyright (US) 2006 American Bar Association. Translated, published and distributed under the American Bar Association Rule of
Law Initiative-Georgia. Translation Copyright (US) 2010 American Bar Association.
All Rights Reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced, in whole
or in part, without written permission of the American Bar Association, Manager of
Copyrights and Licensing, 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; e-mail:
copyright@abanet.org
Writing Jury Instructions _ Edited and translated by The ABA ROLI Georgia for
use by Georgian lawyers This manuscript was originally published in The Scribes Journal of Legal Writing and is reprinted with changes made by ABA ROLI Georgia to make
it more understandable to lawyers in Georgia and has been translated into the Georgian
language. The original author is Peter M. Tiersma, and the original title is Communicating with Juries: How to Draft More Understandable Jury Instructions, National Center
for State Courts, Williamsburg, VA, 2006 [originally published in 10 Scribes J. Legal
Writing 1 (2005_2006)].
From `How to Try a Murder Case~ by Michael D. Wims, Jack B. Rubin, and
Charles Ambrose originally published by the American Bar Association. Copyright (US)
2011 American Bar Association. Translated, published and distributed under the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative-Georgia. Translation Copyright (US) 2012
American Bar Association. All Rights Reserved. The contents of this publication may
not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without written permission of the American Bar
Association, Manager of Copyrights and Licensing, 321 North Clark Street, Chicago,
Illinois 60654, USA; e-mail: copyright@abanet.org
sarCevi
Sesavali............................................................................................................................................................... 13
saqmis momzadeba sasamarTlo procesis dawyebamde ....................15
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11
Sesavali1
2009 wlis 9 oqtombers, axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis miRebiT, saqarTveloSi Semovida SejibrebiTobis sistema sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze. iuristebisaTvis
es udides cvlilebasa da gamowvevas warmoadgens. sasamarTlo
procesebze mosamarTleebi aRar gamoaqveyneben mtkicebulebebs
da dahkiTxaven mowmeebs. axla ukve prokuroris/advokatis
saqmea warmoadginos Tavisi saqme da dahkiTxos mowmeebi. Tu
prokurori/advokati Tavis saqmes Tavs ver gaarTmevs, mtkicebulebebi da Cveneba verasdros miva mosamarTlemde an nafic
msajulebamde, romlebmac saqme unda gadawyviton. axla tvirTi
mTlianad mxareebzea, romlebmac unda uzrunvelyon, rom maTi
Suamdgomlobebis mxardamWeri mtkicebulebebi mosamarTlemde
an nafic msajulebamde mivides. maT aseve unda SeZlon, rom
arasasurveli mtkicebulebebi ar iyos ganxiluli. am mizezTa
gamo uaRresad mniSvnelovania, rom prokurorebma/advokatebma
gaigon da maRal doneze daeuflon SejibrebiTobis sistemas.
SejibrebiTobis sistemis farglebSi TiToeuli mxare warmoadgens mtkicebulebebs, romlebic, maTi azriT, maT
poziciebs gaamyarebs. arsebobs garkveuli Tanmimdevroba, romelic am procesSi daculi unda iyos. garda amisa, arsebobs
wesebi, romlebic aregulirebs, Tu ra SeuZlia da ra ar
SeuZlia gaakeTos prokurorma/advokatma. es wesebi imisTvis
Seiqmna, rom prokurorebs/advokatebs hqonodaT saxelmZRvanelo principebi Tavisi saqmeebis warmodgenisas. am wesebisa da
misi gamoyenebis principis gageba warmoadgens pirvel nabijs
SejibrebiTobis sistemaSi efeqtur prokurorad/advokatad
CamoyalibebisaTvis.
sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi procesis xuT arsebiT fazas
moicavs: nafic msajulTa SerCeva (Voir Dire), Sesavali sityva,
pirdapiri dakiTxva, jvaredini dakiTxva da daskvniTi sityva.
1
momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da
Targmani ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
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13
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mTliani procesi sasamarTlos yvela stadiaze pirdapir gavlenas iqoniebs. magaliTad, prokurorma/advokatma SeiZleba gaigos, rom mas sWirdeba meti adamianis dakiTxva imaSi
dasarwmuneblad, SesaZlebelia Tu ara mowinaaRmdege mxaris
mowmesTan dapirispireba. marTlac, advokatma SeiZleba gaigos,
rom saqmis miseuli Teoria aRar aris logikuri im Cvenebis
an dokumenturi mtkicebulebebis fonze, romlebic gacvlis
stadiaze iyo mopovebuli. amdenad, mxare ver Camoayalibebs
Sesaval sityvas imis codnis gareSe, Tu romel mimarTulebas
airCevs mowinaaRmdege mxare da romeli sapasuxo argumentebis
gamoyeneba gaxdeba saWiro.
pirdapir dakiTxvasTan mimarTebaSi, mxarem SesaZloa isurvos ara mxolod axali mowmeebis dakiTxva, aramed garkveuli
samecniero cdebis Catarebac. man SesaZloa isurvos, rom misi
mowmeebis pirdapirma dakiTxvebma moicvas garkveuli faqtebi,
romlebic sxvagvarad misTvis ar iqneboda relevanturi. jvaredini dakiTxvisas prokurorma/advokatma unda icodes ara
mxolod is, Tu ras ityvis mowme gansxvavebuli Cvenebis micemisas, aramed isic, Tu ras ityvian mowinaaRmdege mxaris sxva
potenciuri mowmeebi. SesaZlebelia dadgindes interesTa konfliqti mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeebs Soris, romelic yvela
maTganis Cvenebas daasustebs. mxarem aseve SeiZleba moipovos
dokumenturi mtkicebulebebi, romlebic mowinaaRmdege mxaris
mowmeebis `impiCmentisaTvis~ iqneba gamoyenebuli.
dabolos, daskvniTi sityva damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra
moxdeba sasamarTlo procesis dros. procesisTvis mzadebisas
mxarem unda warmoidginos, Tu rogori iqneba misi daskvniTi
sityva da saqmisadmi midgomac Sesabamisad dagegmos. mtkicebulebaTa gacvlis gareSe SeuZlebelia, rom prokurorma/advokatma Tavisi daskvniTi sityva adekvaturad dagegmos.
danaSaulis adgilis monaxuleba
arsebobs danaSaulTa kategoriebi, romelTa SemTxvevaSic
mxarem danaSaulis Cadenis adgili piradad unda moinaxulos.
es aris danaSaulebi, sadac mowmis mier aRqmuli movlenis
Semowmeba gadamwyveti mniSvnelobisaa. maT Sorisaa iseTi da-
16
naSaulebi, rogoricaa mkvleloba, yaCaRoba, fizikuri Seuracxyofa, cecxlis wakideba da sxva. am danaSaulebs Soris, savaraudod, ver iqneba gaflangva, TaRliToba da sagadasaxado
saqmeebi, sadac adgili ver eqneba mowmis mier braldebulis
amocnobasa da danaSaulis Cadenis konkretuli adgilis aRweras. danaSaulis Cadenis adgilis monaxulebas alternativa
ar aqvs. rogor kargadac ar unda aRweros vinmem es adgili an
rogori kargi fotoebic ar unda arsebobdes saqmeSi, arsebobs
garkveuli nivTebi an kavSiri aseT nivTebs Soris, romlebsac
mxare mxolod danaSaulis adgilis daTvalierebisas naxavs,
romlebic fasdaudebelia da romelTa aRmoCenac adgilis piradad gamoZiebis Sedegad xdeba. es mxares daexmareba Camoayalibos damatebiTi kiTxvebi Tavisi (pirdapir dakiTxvaze) da
mowinaaRmdege mxaris (jvaredin dakiTxvaze) mowmeebisTvis.
danaSaulis Cadenis adgili danaSaulis Cadenidan umokles
droSi unda iyos daTvalierebuli, radgan viTareba SeiZleba
Seicvalos. magaliTisaTvis, xeebi gakriWon an moWran, Secvalon Senobebis fasadi, ganaTeba da sxva. mxarem unda naxos
danaSaulis Cadenis iseTi adgili, romelic Tavdapirvel mdgomareobasTan maqsimalurad iqneba miaxloebuli.
rodis unda iyos danaSaulis adgili monaxulebuli
moinaxuleT adgili dRis imave dros, rodesac danaSauli
moxda. Tu adgilis monaxuleba Tveebis Semdeg xdeba, amoarCieT dro, romelic danaSaulis Cadenisas ganaTebis pirobebTan iqneba miaxloebuli. magaliTad, Tu danaSauli mzis
Casvlamde naxevari saaTiT adre moxda, moinaxuleT adgili
mzis Casvlamde naxevari saaTiT adre, miuxedavad imisa, rom
saaTi danaSaulis Cadenisgan gansxvavebul dros giCvenebT. am
dros gaiTvaliswineT, rom Tveebis Semdeg mzis mdebareobac
gansxvavebuli iqneba mzis Casvlamde naxevari saaTiT adre. am
gansxvavebis gasagebad astronomiuli monacemebi SeamowmeT.
Tu saqme imas Seexeba, Tu ra gaigona mowmem, gadamwyvetia danaSaulis Cadenis adgilis monaxulebis dro da ara _
ganaTebis pirobebi. mxarem unda icodes, Tu rogori iyo im
dros da im adgilas xmauris done. magaliTad, Tu SemTxveva
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wertilidan. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mowmem braldebuli danaSaulis Cadenis adgilis mitovebisas dainaxa, maSin fotoebze
unda aisaxos mTliani adgili, romelSic TiTqosda braldebuli moZraobda. Tu saqmeSi bevri mowmea, maSin es procedura
TiToeuli mowmis mxedvelobis arealis gaTvaliswinebiT unda
ganmeordes. amis Sedegad SesaZloa gamovlindes garkveuli
sagnebi, romlebic mowmes braldebulis danaxvaSi xels uSlida da romlebic Sesabamisad im drois monakveTs amcirebda,
rodesac mowme braldebuls xedavda.
danaSaulis Cadenis adgili diagramaze unda aisaxos.
amisaTvis saWiroa, rom mxares Tan hqondes sazomi xelsawyoebi, raTa nebismieri gazomva zustad ganxorcieldes. magaliTad, dacvis mxaris mier gamoZiebis warmoebisas advokatis damxmare pirovneba, romelic potenciuri mowmea, azomvas unda axorcielebdes, Tumca advokatma zedamxedveloba
unda gauwios process da uzrunvelyos azomvebis sizuste.
azomvebi unda ganxorcieldes im adgilebidan, sadac mowmeTa
gancxadebiT maT danaSaulis Cadenis faqti dainaxes. adgilze
diagramis monaxazi unda gakeTdes. mogvianebiT dasrulebuli
saxiT da Sesabamisi masStabis diagrama unda damzaddes. is
SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeebis
jvaredini dakiTxvis dros an advokatis mowmis Cvenebis mxardasaWerad, Tu am pirovnebis Cveneba aucilebelia mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeebis Cvenebebis dasapirispireblad. darwmundiT, rom procesze gamoyenebuli diagrama da yvela foto
daSvebuli iyos mtkicebulebad, raTa gadawyvetilebaze msjelobisas isini saTanadod gaiTvaliswinon.
Tu moqmedeba gangrZobadi xasiaTis iyo, maSin unda moxdes moqmedebis inscenireba, raTa gairkves, Tu ramdeni dro
gavida. magaliTad, Tu mowmem ganacxada, rom dainaxa, Tu
rogor mirboda braldebuli korpusisken da Semdeg kuTxis
miRma gauCinarda, unda moxdes am garbenis inscenireba da
wamzomze aTvla. wamzomi unda eWiros pirovnebas, romelic
sasamarTlo procesze miscems Sesabamis Cvenebas drois im
monakveTTan dakavSirebiT, rodesac braldebuli TiTqosda
danaSaulis Cadenis adgilas gamoCnda da Semdeg gauCinarda.
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saqmis analizi2
Sesavali
sasamarTlo procesebi imitom tardeba, rom mxareebs
mieceT saSualeba daarwmunon mosamarTle an nafici msajulebi maT mier warmodgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebis WeSmaritebaSi. am process sxvagvarad ambis gadmocema SeiZleba
ewodos. procesis TiToeul mxares saSualeba aqvs gadmosces ambavi iseTi saSualebebis meSveobiT, rogoricaa nafici
msajulebisTvis mimarTva, pirdapiri da jvaredini dakiTxva
da mtkicebulebebis warmodgena. ambis gadmocemis procedura
regulirdeba sisxlis samarTlis materialuri da saprocesokanonmdeblobiT. Cven Zalian xSirad mxaris profesionalizms
sasamarTlo darbazSi gamovlenil unar-CvevebTan vaigivebT.
magaliTisaTvis, sasamarTlo procesze Cven Tvalyurs vadevnebT advokats, romelic gamanadgurebel jvaredin dakiTxvas awarmoebs da gvjera, rom Cvenc SegviZlia viyoT Zlieri advokatebi, Tu mowmeebis jvaredini dakiTxvis teqnikas
viswavliT. Cven vuyurebT prokurors, romelic momnusxvel
daskvniT sityvas warmoTqvams da vfiqrobT, rom analogiuri oratoruli unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebiT Cvenc aranakleb
warmatebuli prokurori viqnebodiT. magram is, rasac Cven
darbazSi ver vxedavT, aris momzadeba, romelic aseT efeqtur
warmodgenas SesaZlebels xdis. xSir SemTxvevaSi prokuro2
`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA
ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi madlobas uxdis iuridiuli daxmarebis saswavlo
centris samxreTis ofisis warmomadgenels b-n jon repings, winamdebare qveTavSi
gamoyenebuli masalis mowodebisaTvis (statia: `faqtebis breinsTormingi, saqmis
Teoriis SemuSaveba da ambis Camoyalibeba sasamarTlo procesze efeqturi
prezentaciisTvis~). `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi aseve madlobas uxdis NITA-s
da bn. stiven lubets misive avtorobiT momzadebuli wignidan `Tanamedrove
sasamarTlo advokatireba~ garkveuli nawilebis gamoyenebis nebarTvisaTvis.
wigni gamocemulia samarTlis skolis mier, sasamarTlo advokatirebis
erovnuli institutis mier 2000 wels aSS-Si da miTiTebulia Sesabamisi
SeniSvnebi.
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azrTan da ar Seicavs daujerebel elementebs; da (6) is organizebulia imgvarad, rom TiToeuli momdevno faqti, wina
faqtis logikur gagrZelebas warmoadgens. meore mxriv, dacvis mxaris advokatebma xSirad unda gadmoscen `sapirispiro
ambebi~, romlebic mowinaaRmdege mxaris zemoxsenebul faqtebs
gaaqarwylebs. damajereblobis garda, sasamarTlo procesze
gadmocemuli ambavi unda Seicavdes dasaSveb mtkicebulebebs
da braldebis an dacvis samarTlebrivad gamarTul pozicias.4
axla SekiTxva mdgomareobs imaSi, Tu rogor CamovayaliboT damajerebeli ambavi.
axali saqmis aRebisas pirveli, rac unda gavakeToT,
faqtebis gaanalizebaa. Cven unda gaviTvaliswinoT kanoni da
saqmeSi arsebuli yvela faqti miuxedavad maTi warmoSobisa.
faqtebis wyaroebTan dakavSirebiT neitralobis SenarCuneba
mniSvnelovania, raTa SecdomiT ar SevafasoT mtkicebulebebis
xarisxi. amis Semdeg Cven unda CamovyalibdeT, Tu romeli
faqtebia Cveni saqmisaTvis savaraudod saziano da romeli _
sasargeblo. Semdeg unda vifiqroT yvela im SesaZleblobaze,
Tu rogor davtovoT saziano faqtebi mtkicebulebebis miRma. aseve, Cven unda velodoT CvenTvis sasargeblo faqtebis
gaprotestebas da movamzadoT pasuxebi aseT protestebze.
faqtebis analizis procesis bolos unda vifiqroT yvela im
SekiTxvaze, romelic nafic msajulebs mtkicebulebebTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba gauCndeT. im SekiTxvebTan dakavSirebiT,
romlebic CvenTvis arasasurvel faqtebs exeba, unda gaviTvaliswinoT mowinaaRmdege mxaris savaraudo pasuxebi, xolo
im SekiTxvebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic CvenTvis sasurvel
faqtebs exeba, vifiqroT, Tu rogor pasuxebs gavcemdiT maT.
faqtebis analizis am savarjiSos Catarebis Semdeg Cveni
saqmis Teoria unda CamovayaliboT. am procesis pirveli nabijia orive mxaris mier maTi yvela SesaZlo Teoriis identificireba. es SemoqmedebiT midgomas moiTxovs. amis Semdeg
ifiqreT, Tu rogor jdeba TiToeuli mowme da mtkicebuleba
4
stiven liube, `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~, samarTlis skolis
gamocema, sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis erovnuli instituti (NITA),
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, 2000 weli, gv. 15.
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dacvis am TeoriaSi. mas Semdeg, rac TeoriasTan dakavSirebuli yvela mtkicebulebisTvis strategias CamoayalibebT,
mTliani saqmis Teoriac mzad geqnebaT. SearCieT erT-erTi.
saqmis Teoria sasamarTlo procesze Tqvens nebismier nabijs
gansazRvravs, magaliTad, Tqven mier dayenebul Suamdgomlobebs, gakeTebul gancxadebebs, Catarebul dakiTxvebs da a.S.
dabolos, mas Semdeg, rac saqmis konkretul Teoriaze
SevCerdebiT, unda vifiqroT ambis gadmocemis yvelaze efeqtur gzaze, raTa nafici msajulebi saqmis Cvens Teorias
daeTanxmon. Tema, romelic mTel Cvens `ambavSi~ iqneba warmodgenili, unda iyos Tanmimdevruli. Cven unda vifiqroT
Sesabamis monawileebze da mtkicebulebebze, da imaze, Tu rogor ganviTardeba ambavi TiToeulTan mimarTebaSi. Cven aseve
unda gavaanalizoT, Tu rogor gadmovceT ambavi TiToeuli
monawilisa da mtkicebulebis Sesaxeb ise, rom es TemaSi
yvelaze efeqturad Cajdes. mxolod amis Semdeg varT mzad
prezentaciis dasawyebad.
sanam ufro detalebSi ganvixilavT, Tu rogor movemzadoT
Cveni saqmisTvis, Zalian mokled SevexoT eTikis sakiTxs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi. sisxlis samarTalSi bralmdebels
garkveuli eTikuri valdebulebebi akisria, xolo dacvis mxaris valdebulebebis nusxa, advokats ufro farTo moqmedebis
diapazons aniWebs.
bralmdebeli ara mxolod mxaris warmomadgeneli, aramed
sajaro moxelecaa. misi movaleobaa dasajos damnaSave, da
ara ubralod moigos saqme klientis sasargeblod. amitomac,
konkretuli Teoriis eTikuri mxaris gansazRvrisTvis bralmdebeli mxolod `ara yalb~ standarts (ar waradginos yalbi
mtkicebulebebi da keTilsindisierad gauZRves saqmes) ver
daeyrdnoba. prokurors piradad unda sjerodes TiToeuli
saqmis samarTlebrivi safuZvlianobis da Tavi unda Seikavos
nebismieri braldebis wayenebisgan, romelic ar aris sakmarisi
safuZvliT gamyarebuli.5
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Cadenis adgili (daakvirdiT damabrkolebel garemoebebs, ganaTebis pirobebs, ZiriTad nivTebs da adgilebs, gadaiReT suraTebi, SeqmeniT diagrama, a.S.), detalebSi SeiswavleT nivTieri mtkicebulebebi da mowmeTa Cvenebebi, ifiqreT potenciur
mowmeebze, SeiswavleT ganxorcielebuli satelefono zarebi,
samedicino angariSebi da a.S.
axal saqmeze gamoZiebis dawyebamde gaxsovdeT, rom:
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad, mxareebs sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebisas aqvT Tanabari ufleba-movaleobebi, garda gamonaklisebisa.
kerZod, dacvis mxare ar aris uflebamosili, sasamarTlos mimarTos SuamdgomlobiT Cxrekis an amoRebis Catarebis
Taobaze.
faqtebis Segrovebis Semdeg prokurorma/advokatma unda
daiwyos am faqtebis gaanalizeba da ifiqros, Tu rogor
datovos misTvis saziano faqtebi mtkicebulebebis miRma da
rogor dauSvas mtkicebulebebad sasargeblo faqtebi.
mtkicebulebebis gamoricxvis meTodis ZiriTadi idea imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom nebismieri faqti, romelic mowinaaRmdege
mxares surs Cvens winaaRmdeg gamoiyenos, aris swored is faqti, romlis saqmeSi ararsebobasac Cven visurvebdiT. xSirad
Cven varwmunebT sakuTar Tavs, rom faqti CvenTvis mxolod
imitom aris sasargeblo, rom Cven is ukve saqmis Semadgenel
nawilad CavTvaleT da gadavwyviteT, Tu rogor SemovatrialoT is Cvens sasargeblod. mtkicebulebebis gamoricxvis
savarjiSos ganxorcielebis mizniT Cven ar unda vivaraudoT,
rom Cven mier aqamde Segrovebuli nebismieri faqti dasaSvebi an dauSvebelia. Cven unda SevxedoT, Tu rogori iqneboda saqme TiToeul faqtTan erTad da mis gareSe, da amis
Semdeg gadavwyvitoT, es faqti sazianoa Tu sasargeblo. im
faqtebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebsac sazianod miviCnevT, unda
movifiqroT, Tu rogor davtovoT isini saqmis miRma. TiToeuli faqtisTvis, romelsac sasargeblod miviCnevT, unda SevimuSavoT mowinaaRmdege mxaris Setevebisgan maTi dacvis gzebi.
SesaZloa, saboloo jamSi, davaskvnaT, rom zogierTi saziano
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faqti Cvens kontrols ar eqvemdebareba. amitom SeiZleba gadavwyvitoT, Tu rogor moveqceT aseT faqtebs Cveni saqmis
TeoriaSi maTi inkorporirebis gziT. Tumca, am stadiamde jer
ar mivsulvarT.
am dromde Cven gaviTvaliswineT yvela potenciurad mniSvnelovani faqti wyaroebisadmi neitraluri midgomiT. Cveni
momdevno amocanaa gadavwyvitoT, Tu am faqtebidan romelia
saziano da romeli sasargeblo.7 zogierTi faqtis ziani da
sargeblianoba SesaZloa damokidebuli iyos saqmis Teoriaze, romelsac, saboloo jamSi, Cven avirCevT. am faqtebTan
mimarTebaSi gaaanalizeT isini, rogorc saziano da sasargeblo faqtebi, raTa SeafasoT maTi gavlena sxva Teoriebis
farglebSic. TiToeuli faqtis SemTxvevaSi, ifiqreT, rogori
iqneboda Tqveni saqme mis gareSe. Tu ar xarT sruliad darwmunebuli, rom gsurT faqti naficma msajulebma ganixilon,
ifiqreT yvela SesaZlo saSualebaze, raTa is mtkicebulebad
ar iqnes daSvebuli. amisaTvis saWiroa, rom SevamowmoT mtkicebulebebis dauSveblobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi da
kanonis an wesebis SesaZlo darRvevebi. magaliTad Tu dacvis
mxares warmoadgenT, ifiqreT SekiTxvebze, rogoricaa:
1. xom ar iyo mtkicebulebebi ukanono Cxrekis an
amoRebis Sedegad mopovebuli?
2. xom ar aris Cveneba iZulebiT an braldebulis uflebebis darRvevis Sedegad miRebuli?
3. TiToeul amocnobasTan mimarTebaSi, xom ar iyo es
konstituciuri uflebebis darRvevis Sedegi an sxvagvarad arasando?
7
cxadia, rom zogierT faqtze Cven xeli saqmeze muSaobis dawyebisTanave
migviwvdeba da sxva mraval faqts ki saqmis mimdinareobisas movi povebT. aqedan
gamomdinare, am dokumentSi SemoTavazebuli modeli ar aris statikuri. Cven
es savarjiSo unda vakeToT nebismier dros, rodesac viRebT axal informacias
gamoZiebidan, mtkicebulebebis gacvlis procesidan, dayenebuli Suamdgomlobebis
Sedegad, klientTan gasaubrebebidan, an nebismieri sxva wyarosgan. nebismier
dros, rodesac saqmeSi axal faqtebs vayalibebT, isini winamdebare dokumentis
Tanaxmad unda gavaanalizoT da SevafasoT, Tu rogor imoqmedebs es analizi
Cveni saqmis Teoriaze da, saerTo jamSi, ambavze, romelsac sasamarTlo procesze
warvadgenT.
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ase rom moifiqreT rac SeiZleba bevri. arsebobs imis albaToba, rom, nafic msajulebsac bevri is kiTxva gauCndebaT,
romelsac Tqven moifiqrebT. Tqveni unari gasceT pasuxebi
am SekiTxvebs, an datovoT nafici msajulebi pasuxebis gareSe, gansazRvravs saqmis Sedegs. gaxsovdeT, rom pasuxgaucemelma SekiTxvebma saqmeSi SesaZloa eWvebi gaaCinos. nafici msajulebis pasuxgaucemeli SekiTxvebiT datoveba, romlebic mowinaaRmdege mxaris Teoriis mimarT kiTxvebs aCens,
SesaZloa iseTive Rirebuli iyos, rogorc maTTvis, Tqveni
azriT, sasargebloa pasuxebis SeTavazeba.
ifiqreT gzebze, Tu rogor upasuxoT Tqveni saqmisaTvis
yvelaze sasargeblo kiTxvebs da moifiqreT mowinaaRmdege
mxaris TeoriasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebi, romlebzec pasuxis gacema SeuZlebeli iqneba.
im SekiTxvebis gaTviTcnobierebiT, romlebic SesaZloa
nafic msajulebs gauCndeT, Tqven moipovebT upiratesobas
sasamarTlo procesebisTvis mzadebisas.
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magaliTad kanonis Tanaxmad, sxvadasxva danaSaulis dacvis zogadi aRwera SesaZloa erT an or sityvaSi gamoixatos. dacva gveubneba raRac samarTlebrivad racionalurs,
Tu ratom aris braldebuli udanaSaulo. Cveul magaliTebs
Sorisaa: mcdari amocnoba (zogadad gulisxmobs raime araganzraxs), gayalbeba (ganzrax), alibi (SesaZloa adgili hqondes
mcdari amocnobis an gayalbebisas), Tavdacva, Tanxmoba, maxeSi
gabma, danaSaulis Cadenis adgilas udanaSaulod yofna, da a.S.
dacva gvawvdis Zalian zogad ideas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom
miviCnevT, rom naficma msajulebma Cveni klienti udanaSaulod unda cnon. is ufro vrceli saqmis Teoriis samarTlebriv komponentad gvevlineba. Tumca, is arafers gveubneba
im taqtikuri gadawyvetilebebis Taobaze, romlebic miznamde
migviyvans. saqmis Teoria ufro yovlismomcvelia. is dacviT iwyeba, magram aseve moicavs im strategiebs, romlebsac
Tqven TiToeul mowmesTan an mtkicebulebasTan mimarTebaSi
gamoiyenebT. saqmis Teoria pasuxs gascems mraval SekiTxvas,
romelic savarjiSos ganxorcielebisas CamovwereT. es saqmis
Teoriis faqtobrivi da emociuri komponentebis ganviTarebiT
miiRweva.
Tu Tqven dacvis mxares warmoadgenT, maSin saqme SesaZlo dacvis safuZvlis ganxilviT unda daiwyoT. saqmeTa umravlesoba ramdenime SesaZlo dacvis arCevis SesaZleblobas
gvaZlevs. SemoqmedebiTad SexedeT saqmes. am etapze arc erTi
SesaZlebloba ar gamoricxoT. ganixileT dacvis Semdegi kategoriebi:
1. saxelmwifo ver SeZlebs daamtkicos danaSaulis yvela
elementi. zogjer danaSaulis elementis damtkicebis SeuZleblobas saxelmwifos mxridan pirdapir braldebulis gamarTlebamde mivyavarT (am dacvasTan erTad gadmocemuli ambis
Tanaxmad danaSauls saerTod ar hqonia adgili) da zogjer
ki saqme ufro msubuqi danaSaulis CadenisTvis msjavrdebiT sruldeba (am SemTxvevaSi ambis Tanaxmad, marTalia, Cemma
klientma raRac cudi Caidina, magram ara is, rasac braldeba
ambobs). pirveli SemTxvevis magaliTi SeiZleba iyos gaupatiurebis saqme, sadac saxelmwifo ver adasturebs im elements,
36
rom seqsualur kavSirs adgili dazaralebulis nebis winaaRmdeg hqonda. meore SemTxvevis magaliTi SeiZleba iyos braldeba ganzrax mkvlelobis CadenaSi, rodesac dacvis Tanaxmad
klienti Sesabamisi provocirebis Sedegad afeqtis mdgomareobaSi moqmedebda. aq Cven mkvlelobas vaRiarebT, magram viTxovT
ganzraxvis Semamsubuqebeli elementis warmoCenas.
2. SesaZloa saxelmwifom daamtkicos, rom danaSauls
hqonda adgili, magram ver daamtkicos, rom piri, vinc es
danaSauli Caidina, Tqveni klienti iyo. es aris dacva mcdari
amocnobis meSveobiT, rodesac TviTmxilveli mowme SecdomiT
iSvers TiTs Tqveni klientisken an gulwrfeli Secdomis an
ganzrax tyuilis gamo.
3. SesaZloa saxelmwifom daamtkicos danaSaulis elementebi, magram Tqvens klients gasamarTlebeli sababi aRmoaCndes. es aris gamarTlebis safuZvliT dacvis SemTxvevebi
(magaliTad Zlieri sulieri aRelveba da a.S.).
4. SesaZloa Tqvenma klientma danaSauli Caidina, magram
mas kanonismieri sapatio mizezi hqonda. es aris sapatio
mizeziT dacvis SemTxvevebi (Seuracxadoba, aucilebeli mogerieba, ukiduresi aucilebloba, da a.S.).
5. SesaZloa Tqvenma klientma danaSauli Caidina, magram
man amisTvis pasuxi ar unda agos. es bolo kategoria realurad samarTlebriv dacvas ar warmoadgens. es aris nafici
msajulebis emociebze apelireba, rom maT Tqvens klients
danaSauli `apation~ ama Tu im mizezis gamo. amas nafic
msajulTa mier anulireba ewodeba. Tqven, savaraudod, amis
Sesaxeb pirdapir ver idavebT da am kategoriis Taobaze nafic msajulTaTvis instruqcias namdvilad ver miiRebT. es
ukanaskneli imedis strategiaa.
mas Semdeg, rac TiToeuli dacvis safuZvelTan dakavSirebiT SemoqmedebiTi kuTxiT ifiqrebT, unda daiwyoT TiToeuli
maTganisTvis saqmis Teoriis Camoyalibeba. amisaTvis gaiTvaliswineT faqtebi, romlebic, Tqveni azriT, saqmis Semadgeneli nawili iqneba `gonebrivi Sturmis~ meTodis gamoyenebis
Sedegad Tqveni analizis safuZvelze. ifiqreT, Tu rogor
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SeiZleba TiToeuli am faqtis gamoyeneba Tqveni dacvis gasaZliereblad. am faqtebidan romeli SegiZliaT miiRoT? aseve,
gaiTvaliswineT, Tu romeli faqtebia yvelaze problematuri
konkretuli dacvis SemTxvevaSi. es, savaraudod, is faqtebi
iqneba, romlebzec imuSavebT. aseve, ifiqreT SekiTxvebzec,
romlebic nafic msajulebs gauCndebaT am faqtebTan dakavSirebiT am konkretul dacvasTan mimarTebaSi. saqmis Semadgeneli faqtebisa da nafic msajulTaTvis yvelaze metad saintereso SekiTxvebis safuZvelze Tqven axla unda daiwyoT
strategiis SemuSaveba TiToeul mowmesTan da mtkicebulebasTan mimarTebaSi. TiToeul mowmesTan da mtkicebulebasTan
mimarTebaSi SerCeuli es strategiebi erTiani saqmis Teoriis
nawili gaxdeba.
dacvis Teoriis faqtobrivi komponentis garda, Tqven emociuri komponentic unda SeimuSaoT. romeli emociuri Temebia saxeze, romelTa wamowevac saWiro iqneba, raTa naficma
msajulebma Tqveni saqmis Teoria miiRon? rogori damokidebuleba gsurT hqondeT nafic msajulebs Tqveni saqmis Teoriis
gmirebisa da mniSvnelovani movlenebis mimarT? es emociuri
Temebic Tqveni saqmis Teoriis arsebiTi mniSvnelobis komponenti iqneba.
mokled rom iTqvas, Tqveni saqmis Teoria dacvis safuZvliT
iwyeba. Semdeg is moicavs yvela strategiul gadawyvetilebas, romelsac TiToeul mtkicebulebasTan mimarTebaSi iRebT.
dacvis TiToeul safuZvelTan mimarTebaSi, romelzec CamoyalibdebiT, unda hkiTxoT sakuTar Tavs, Tu rogori iqneba
TamaSis gegma TiToeuli mowmisa da mtkicebulebasTan mimarTebaSi, raTa es taqtikuri variantebi dacvis Teoriis gamyarebas saukeTeso gziT moemsaxuros. amis Semdgom geqnebaT sul
mcire erTi saqmis Teoria TiToeuli dacvis safuZvlisTvis,
romelzec CamoyalibdebiT. Tqveni saqmis Teoria iqneba ambavi
yvela mtkicebulebis Sesaxeb, da Tu rogor midis is Tqveni
saqmis daskvnamde. airCieT saqmis Teoria, romelsac, Tqveni
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xarT ra SezRuduli mxolod im moTxovniT, rom yvela argumenti damowmebuli unda iyos mtkicebulebiT, romelic sasamarTloSi iqna gamokvleuli (sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, 251-e muxli, 1-li nawili). aqedan gamomdinare,
Tu Tqveni momzadebis dasawyisSi Tqvens daskvniT sityvas
dagegmavT, Tqven Semdeg SeZlebT ise daabalansoT Tqveni saqme,
rom sasamarTloSi gamokvleuli iyos yvela faqti, romelic
daskvniTi sityvisTvis dagWirdebaT.13
Tqven Tavs es ori kiTxva dausviT: risi Tqma msurs saqmis
dasasruls? romeli mtkicebulebis wardgena an gamovlena
mWirdeba, raTa vTqva is, risi Tqmac msurs? pasuxebi Tqveni
mTliani saqmis farTo monaxazs CamogiyalibebT.14
saqmis dagegmvisas prokurorma/advokatma, pirvel rigSi,
unda Camoweros samarTlebrivi elementebi braldebis/dacvis
TiToeuli safuZvlisTvis, ris damtkicebasac igi imedovnebs
da Semdeg ukve Camoweros mtkicebulebaTa nusxa, romelic
mas aqvs TiToeuli am elementis gasamyareblad. savaraudod,
mtkicebulebaTa ZiriTadi nawili mowmeTa Cvenebebis saxiT
iarsebebs, magram zogierTi mtkicebuleba dokumentis, realuri nivTebis an nivTmtkicebebis saxiTac iqneba mopovebuli.
TiToeuli aseTi mtkicebulebisTvis prokurorma/advokatma
unda moiniSnos mowme, romlis saSualebiTac igi am mtkicebulebis daSvebas Seecdeba.15
TiToeuli mowme individualurad SeafaseT. prokurorma/advokatma unda warmoidginos, Tu ris Tqmas isurvebda igi
daskvniT sityvaSi TiToeuli mowmis Sesaxeb, romelic dahkiTxa. Tqven Tavs hkiTxeT: ra wvlilis Setana SeuZlia am
mowmes Cems TeoriaSi? romeli pozitiuri faqtebis wardgena
SemiZlia am mowmis meSveobiT? arseboben Tu ara sxva mowmeebi
amave faqtebTan mimarTebaSi? aris Tu ara es mowme efeqturi
13 stiven liube, `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~, samarTlis skolis
gamocema, sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis erovnuli instituti (NITA),
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi 2000 weli, gv. 24-25.
14 iqve.
15 iqve.
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gancxadebebis safuZvelze? SegiZliaT Tu ara Tqveni pirdapiri dakiTxvis ise Camoyalibeba, rom es problemebi Tavidan
aiciloT an minimumamde daiyvanoT?19
Tqveni yvela potenciuri mowmis wvlilis, siZliereebisa
da sisusteebis Sefasebis Semdeg SegiZliaT gadawyvitoT, Tu
romel mowmeebs dahkiTxavT. Tqveni ZiriTadi sazrunavi imaSi
darwmunebaa, rom TqvenTvis aucilebeli yvela mtkicebuleba
dasaSvebad iyos cnobili. Tqven unda gamoiZaxoT yvela mowme,
romelic gadamwyveti mniSvnelobis mqone informaciis erTaderTi wyaroa. iSviaTi an iZulebiTi garemoebebis garda, Tqven
unda dahkiTxoT aseve nebismieri mowme, romlis damajereblobas an gamoCenas Tqveni saqmis Sida logikis an moraluri
suraTis warmoCenisTvis ZiriTadi mniSvneloba eniWeba.20
yvela araarsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone mowme maTi siZlierisa da sisustis gaTvaliswinebiT unda Sefasdes. unda
ifiqroT iseTi mowmeebis gamoricxvaze, romelTa Cvenebac SesaZloa ganmeordes, radgan es saziano winaaRmdegobebis gamovlenis albaTobas zrdis. aseve sasurvelia, Tu ar gamoiZaxebT
mowmeebs, romelTa damajerebloba seriozul eWvebs badebs, an
romelTa Cvenebac gacilebiT saziano iqneba TqvenTvis, vidre
sasargeblo.21
mas Semdeg, rac Tqveni mowmeebis saboloo siaze CamoyalibdebiT, daalageT isini iseTi TanmimdevrobiT, romelic Tqveni
saqmisTvis yvelaze sasargeblo iqneba. miuxedavad imisa, rom
ar arsebobs calsaxa da swrafi wesebi mowmeTa Tanmimdevrobis gadasawyvetad, Semdegi sami principi am gadawyvetilebis
miRebaSi dagexmarebaT:22
`informaciis damaxsovreba. nafic msajulebma mtkicebulebebis Sesaxeb ara mxolod unda moisminon informacia,
aramed mosmenili unda daimaxsovron kidec. kvlevebi mudmi19 stiven liube, `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~, samarTlis skolis
gamocema, sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis erovnuli instituti (NITA),
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, 2000 weli, gv. 26.
20 iqve.
21 iqve.
22 iqve, gv. 27.
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pirdapiri dakiTxvisTvis momzadeba. cxadia, yvela siurprizisgan Tavis dacva SeuZlebelia, magram Semdegi oTxi nabiji maT
minimumamde Seamcirebs:23
1. SeadgineT yvela potenciurad mowinaaRmdege mowmis
sia. warmoidgineT, Tu ra mizniT SeiZleba dakiTxon es
mowme. Tqvens Tavs hkiTxeT: rogor SeuZlia am mowmes
yvelaze didi ziani miayenos Cems saqmes? yovelTvis
mzad iyaviT yvelaze cudi SesaZlo alternativisTvis.
2. ifiqreT, xom ar arsebobs mowmis dakiTxvis SeuZleblobis safuZveli. aris Tu ara mowme kompetenturi
Cvenebis misacemad? Semdeg gaiTvaliswineT, SesaZlebelia Tu ara mosalodneli Cvenebis raime nawilis
dauSveblad cnoba. mowmis yovel SesaZlo gancxadebasTan mimarTebaSi warmoidgineT mkicebulebebTan dakavSirebuli yvela gonivruli protesti. igive gaakeTeT
yvela mtkicebulebasTan mimarTebaSi, romelic SesaZloa mowmis meSveobiT iyos warmodgenili. TiToeuli
protestisTvis Tqveni argumenti dagegmeT da SesaZlo kontrargumentisTvisac moemzadeT. yvela SesaZlo
protesti ar unda daayenoT, magram nebismieri SemTxvevisTvis mzad unda iyoT.
3. gaiTvaliswineT mowinaaRmdege mxaris TiToeuli mowmis
faqtobrivi sisusteebi. arsebobs Tu ara Seusabamobebi, romelTa gamokvleva an ganviTareba SesaZlebelia? eqvemdebareba Tu ara mowmis xasiaTi masze ieriSis mitanas? SesaZlebelia Tu ara mowmis impiCmenti
adreuli gancxadebebis safuZvelze? rogor SeiZleba
mowmis gamoyeneba, raTa Tqveni sakuTari Tema gaaZlieroT?
4. daaxarisxeT yvela sasurveli informacia, romlis mopovebasac mowinaaRmdege mxaris TiToeuli mowmisgan SeZlebT.
23 stiven liube, `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~, samarTlis skolis
gamocema, sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis erovnuli instituti (NITA),
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, 2000 weli, gv. 28.
45
winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobebis
strategiuli gamoyeneba
metad sainteresoa es sakiTxi dacvis mxaris perspeqtividan. winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobebis dayenebis praqtika
xSirad CrdilSia moqceuli, savaraudod, im albaTobisa da
varaudis gamo, rom SuamdgomlobaTa umravlesoba ar dakmayofildeba da rom dacva jer ar aris saqmeSi `CarTuli~. am
Tavis mizania xazi gausvas Suamdgomlobebis dayenebis praqtikis mniSvnelobas saqmis mogebis saboloo miznis miRwevaSi.
24 stiven liube, `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~, samarTlis skolis
gamocema, sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis erovnuli instituti (NITA),
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, 2000 weli, gv. 28.
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daskvna
sasamarTlo procesze efeqturad gamosvla, saboloo jamSi, uamrav fiqrs da SemoqmedebiT midgomas saWiroebs. unda
ixelmZRvaneloT SeTanxmebuli modeliT, romelic SesaZleblobas mogcemT mravali ubralo faqti procesze prezentaciisTvis erTian ambad aqcioT. magaliTisTvis, erTi aseTi
modeli qvemoT aris mocemuli:
(1) saqmis analizis gegma
a. faqtebis Segroveba
1. ganixileT yvela potenciurad mniSvnelovani faqti.
2. SeinarCuneT neitraloba faqtebis wyaroebis mimarT.
b. faqtebis analizi / `mtkicebulebebis gamoricxva~
1. gansazRvreT, romeli faqtebia saziano da romeli sasargeblo.
2. ganixileT saziano faqtebis dauSveblad cnobis gzebi.
3. ganixileT sasargeblo faqtebis dasaSvebad cnobis gzebi.
g. SekiTxvebis dasma faqtebTan dakavSirebiT
1. ifiqreT SekiTxvebze, romlebic SeiZleba nafic msajulebs faqtebTan dakavSirebiT gauCndeT.
2. saziano faqtebis Taobaze SekiTxvebTan dakavSirebiT ifiqreT, Tu rogor SeuZlia braldebas am SekiTxvebs
gaumklavdes da Tu risi gakeTeba SegiZliaT, raTa SekiTxvebze
braldebisTvis damakmayofilebeli pasuxebi ar iyos gacemuli.
3. sasargeblo faqtebis Taobaze SekiTxvebTan dakavSirebiT ifiqreT, Tu rogor SegiZliaT maTze nafici msajulebisTvis damakmayofilebeli pasuxebis gacema.
(2) saqmis Teoriis ganviTareba
a. gansazRvreT braldebis/dacvis yvela SesaZlo safuZveli (samarTlebrivi komponenti).
b. braldebis/dacvis TiToeuli safuZvlidan gamomdinare gaiTvaliswineT Tqveni strategia TiToeul mowmesTan da
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sisxlis samarTlis saqmis mosmenis Semdgom nafici msajulebi verdiqts iReben erTxmad. Tumca, Tu nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo 3 saaTis ganmavlobaSi ver moaxerxebs
gadawyvetilebis erTxmad miRebas, gadawyvetileba momdevno
6 saaTis ganmavlobaSi miiReba xmaTa Semdegi umravlesobiT:
Tu nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Sedgeba aranakleb 11 nafici
msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba 8 xmiT; Tu nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlo Sedgeba 10 nafici msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba 7 xmiT; Tu nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Sedgeba 9 nafici
msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba 6 xmiT; Tu nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlo Sedgeba 8 nafici msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba
5 xmiT; Tu nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Sedgeba 7 an 6 nafici msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba 4 xmiT (sssk-is 261-e
muxlis mesame da meoTxe nawilebi).
Tu nafic msajulebs ar SeswevT unari, miaRwion saerTo
SeTanxmebas, sxdomis Tavmjdomare kidev erTxel ganumartavs
nafic msajulebs verdiqtis mniSvnelobas da sTxovs ufros
nafic msajuls, sxdomis Tavmjdomares moaxsenos, aris Tu ara
iseTi msajuli, romelic uars acxadebs msjelobaSi monawileobis miRebaze an romelsac aqvs interesi saqmis mimarT,
ris Sesaxebac ar ganacxada nafic msajulTa SerCevis dros.
aRniSnuli ganmartebis Semdeg sxdomis Tavmjdomare mimarTavs
nafic msajulebs, dabrundnen saTaTbiro oTaxSi da gamoitanon verdiqti kanonis Sesabamisad (sssk-is 261-e muxlis
mexuTe nawili).
Tu saTaTbiro oTaxSi dabrunebis Semdeg nafici msajulebi momdevno 3 saaTis ganmavlobaSic ver miiReben verdiqts,
mosamarTle miscems maT damatebiT gonivrul vadas an daiTxovs
maT srul Semadgenlobas da daniSnavs nafic msajulTa axali
Semadgenlobis SerCevis sxdomis TariRs. Tu arc am nafic
msajulTa sasamarTlos Seswevs unari, miiRos gadawyvetileba
am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT, braldebuli gamarTlebulad
iTvleba (sss.k-is 261-e muxlis meeqvse nawili).
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SeqmeniT Sesabamisi forma an gamoiyeneT is formati, romelic ganTavsebulia aRniSnuli Tavis bolos, raTa CainiSnoT
mniSvnelovani informacia da Tqveni Sefasebebi yoveli msajulobis kandidatis Sesaxeb.
daiTanxmeT mowinaaRmdege mxare kiTxvaris Sinaarsze, sasamarTlomde sakmao xniT adre.
SeecadeT gaugzavnoT Tqven mier Sedgenili kiTxvari mowinaaRmdege mxares, sasamarTlo procesamde sakmao xniT adre.
sasamarTlo ganxilvisTvis mzadebis dawyebamde, gaugzavneT
mosamarTles mxareebis mier winaswar SeTanxmebuli kiTxvari.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxareebi ver SeTanxmdnen kiTxvaris Sinaarsze, mniSvnelovania daiTanxmoT mosamarTle gadawyvitos
romeli sadavo kiTxva SeiZleba Caidos kiTxvarSi da romeli
unda iqnes amoRebuli.
Zalian mniSvnelovania guldasmiT SeiswavloT Tqvens
kiTxvarze kandidatTa mier gacemuli pasuxebi manam, sanam
daiwyebT potenciur msajulTa zepir gamokiTxvas. gamonaxeT
sakmarisi dro, raTa kargad gaecnoT kiTxvebze gacemul pasuxebs da safuZvlianad moemzadoT zepiri gamokiTxvisTvis.
gaxsovdeT, rom umjobesia, Tu delikatur kiTxvebs nafic msajulTa werilobiT kiTxvarSi dasvamT.
adamianebi ufro gulwrfelni arian werilobiT kiTxvebze
pasuxebis gacemisas, vidre Ria sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamokiTxvisas. mxolod jgufis mimarT dasmuli zogadi xasiaTis
kiTxvebze (magaliTad, Tu romelime Tqvengans smenia raime
gansaxilvel sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, gTxovT, aswioT
xeli?) miRebuli `diax~ an `ara~ pasuxebiT, Tqven ver SeiqmniT swor warmodgenas Tqveni saqmis momaval msajulebze.
werilobiT kiTxvarSi Tqven aseve SegiZliaT CaurToT iseTi
kiTxvebi, romlebis Ria sasamarTlo sxdomaze dasmasac ar
gariskavdiT. magaliTad xom ar yofila romelime Tqvengani
an Tqveni axlo naTesavi seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpli?
ras fiqrobT prokurorebze an sisxlis samarTlis sferoSi
moRvawe advokatebze? ratom TvliT ase?
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winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobebi
gamoiyeneT winasasamarTlo sxdomis Suamdgomlobebi, raTa
moipovoT upiratesoba msajulTa SerCevis sxdomaze. gaxsovdeT, rom isini SeiZleba gamoynebul iqnes im mizniT, rom
mosamarTles gauCndes garkveuli warmodgena Tqveni saqmis
Teoriis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, advili gasagebi iqneba misTvis,
Tu ratom usvamT ama Tu im kiTxvas nafici msajulobis kandidats SerCevis sxdomaze.
moemzadeT msajulTa SerCevisaTvis
TiToeuli mosamarTle msajulTa SerCevis sxdomas
garkveulwilad gansxvavebulad warmarTavs. zogierTi maTgani nebas rTavs mxareebs, rom iaron sasamarTlo darbazSi
da miuaxlovdnen nafic msajulebs. zogi ki, moiTxovs, rom
kiTxvebis dasmas mxarisaTvis gamoyofili samuSao magididan
moxdes. aqedan gamomdinare, Tqven winaswar unda icodeT, Tu
rogor warmarTavs SerCevis sxdomas is konkretuli mosamarTle, romelsac gansaxilveli saqme daewera. sasurvelia, rom
potenciurma naficma msajulebma dainaxon, rom Tqven Tavdajerebuli da kargad momzadebuli xarT da zustad iciT, Tu
ras akeTebT. Tu Tqven ar iciT, rogor warmarTavs konkretuli mosamarTle msajulTa SerCevis sxdomas, maSin daeswariT da naxeT misi moqmedebebi sxva sasamarTlo sxdomaze
an hkiTxeT TqvenTvis saintereso detalebi im iuristebs,
romelTac hqoniaT procesi aRniSnul mosamarTlesTan. daaTvaliereT is sasamarTlo darbazi winaswar, sadac unda gaimarTos Tqveni saqmis ganxilva. SeiswavleT Tqveni mowinaaRmdege mxare da daakvirdiT, Tu rogor iqceva is msajulTa
SerCevis sxdomaze. Tu saWiroa, daeswariT misi monawileobiT
gamarTul sxva sasamarTlo process an hkiTxeT mis Sesaxeb
sxva iuristebs.
ganawyeT nafici msajulebi Tqvens sasikeTod pirvelive dRidan
msajulebTan pozitiuri urTierTobis ganviTareba Zalzed
mniSvnelovania. msajulebis mier miRebuli pirveli STabeWdileba Tqvens mimarT, SesaZloa arasodes Seicvalos. iRoneT
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nafici
msajulebis
araverbaluri
ar miscems Cvenebas?
msajuli: albaT, raRac damakldeba, arasrulyofili iqneba. (damatebiTi kiTxvebiT SeiZleba am sakiTxis kidev ufro
vrclad gamokvleva).
advokati: cota xnis win Cven aRvniSneT, rom am saqmeSi
mtkicebis tvirTi braldebis mxares akisria. ras niSnavs es
ganacxadi TqvenTvis?
msajuli: es niSnavs, rom prokurorma unda daamtkicos
braldeba, anu man unda dagvarwmunos Cven, rom braldebuli
damnaSavea.
advokati: ras niSnavs es dacvis mxarisaTvis?
msajuli: es niSnavs, rom braldebis mxarem unda daamtkicos yvelaferi da ara dacvam.
advokati: marTalia! sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva
sakmaod seriozuli sakiTxia. Tu saxelmwifos surs, rom
damnaSaved cnos piri da cixeSi Casvas igi, maSin man unda
aiRos iniciativa da daamtkicos wardgenili braldeba. axla
ki miTxariT, rogor esadageba es principi braldebulis mier
Cvenebis micemis sakiTxs?
msajuli: is araa valdebuli da arc unda iyos valdebuli
misces Cveneba. braldebis damtkiceba xom saxelmwifos saqmea.
advokati: braldebuls rom Cveneba ar mieca, amas mis sawinaaRmdegod gamoiyenebdiT?
msajuli: ara.
advokati: Tqveni es pozicia zedapiruli gaazrebis Sedegia?
msajuli: ara. adre marTla ar mifiqria kargad am sakiTxze. rogorc nafici msajuli, Cemi movaleobaa davicva kanoni
da es ki kanonis moTxovnaa.
advokati: xom ar SeikavebdiT Tavs aRniSnulis gakeTebisagan?
msajuli: ara.
msajulTa `swavlebis~ sawyis etapze umjobesi iqneba Tavi
SeikavoT iseTi frazebisagan, rogoricaa `kanonis Tanaxmad...~
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an `gesmiT, rom...~. marTalia, zogierTi mosamarTle avaldebulebs mxareebs gamoiyenon es frazebi, Tumca, Tuki mogecaT
SesaZlebloba, rom ar ixmaroT isini, aucileblad gamoiyeneT
es Sansi, raTa Tavidan airidoT msajulTa mxridan araswori
pasuxebi.
darwmuneba/daTanxmeba
mxaris bolo amocanas SerCevis procesze `darwmuneba~
warmoadgens. vinaidan, nafic msajulTa SerCevis sxdoma, kandidatebsa da mxareebs Soris, interaqtivis saxiT mimdinareobs, Sesabamisad, arsebobs garkveuli winaswari ganwyobis
Seqmnis potencialic. es sakiTxi swavlebis procesisgan imiT
gansxvavdeba, rom, rogorc wesi, farulad mimdinareobs da
miznad isaxavs zemoqmedebis moxdenas nafic msajulTa Sexedulebebze, gansaxilveli saqmidan gamomdinare. aRniSnulis
misaRwevad arsebobs ramdenime saSualeba.
SeqmeniT winaswari ganwyoba Tqveni saqmis Sesaxeb
dasmuli kiTxvebis saSualebiT prokurors/advokats SeuZlia Seqmnas Tavisi saqmis Sesaxeb sasurveli ganwyoba; anu,
sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, ganawyos msajulebi, raTa saqmes
Sexedon mxaris poziciidan. magaliTad, prokurors SeuZlia
Seqmnas winaswari ganwyoba Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmiT: xom ar
moeliT, rom braldebis mxarem unda daamtkicos piris braleuloba nebismieri an yvela eWvs miRma standartiT? albaT
xvdebiT, rom Tu es ase iqneboda, maSin aseT standarts mxare
verasodes daakmayofilebda? an, Tuki prokurori gegmavs iribi mtkicebulebebis gamoyenebas braldebis dasamtkiceblad, is
ikiTxavs: xom ar iqneboda TqvenTvis miuRebeli iribi mtkicebulebebi?
moigeT verbaluri omi
sityvebi, romlebsac viyenebT movlenebis aRweris dros,
zegavlenas axdens msajulTa mier am movlenebis aRqmaze.
mxareebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon es xerxi Tavis sasargeblod,
Tu isini mudmivad gamoiyeneben sasurvel sityvebsa da frazebs
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Tqven SesaZloa dagWirdeT misi acileba an, piriqiT, Tu msajuli dadebiTad aris ganwyobili Tqveni poziciisadmi _ misi
nafic msajulad SerCeva. qvemoT CamoTvlilia is sakiTxebi,
romlebic dagexmarebaT zemoxsenebulis gansaxorcieleblad:
1. icis Tu ara potenciurma naficma msajulma saqmis
irgvliv arsebuli faqtebis Sesaxeb?
2. icnobs Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli dazaralebuls, braldebuls, advokats an gamomZibels, an
saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebs?
3. xom ar aqvs potenciur nafic msajuls Camoyalibebuli raime winaswari Sexeduleba mas-mediaSi am saqmis
Sesaxeb gavrcelebuli informaciis Sedegad.
4. gaaCnia Tu ara potenciur nafic msajuls sakuTari
Sexeduleba saqmis Sesaxeb raime sxva mizeziT?
5. aris Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli tendenciuri romelime mxaris mimarT?
6. aris Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli iseTi, romelic ar Seasrulebs kanonis moTxovnas?
7. aris Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli iseTi
pirovneba, romelsac ar SeuZlia gansajos sxva piri
da Sesabamisad, SeTanxmdes verdiqtze? fiqrobs Tu
ara potenciuri nafici msajuli, rom Tu pirovnebas
brali aqvs wayenebuli, igi aucileblad damnaSavea?
8. fiqrobs Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli, rom
braldebulma unda daamtkicos Tavisi udanaSauloba
da ara braldebis mxarem?
9. gaaCnia Tu ara poteniur nafic msajuls raime saxis arakeTilganwyoba policiis an braldebis mxaris
mimarT?
10. fiqrobs Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli, rom
braldebulis mier dumilis uflebis gamoyeneba, dakavebis dros an saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvisas,
miuTiTebs mis damnaSaveobaze?
11. yofilaA Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli, misi
axlo megobari an ojaxis wevri danaSaulis msxverpli, gansakuTrebiT msgavsi danaSaulisa?
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12. Tu es asea, SeuZlia Tu ara Ppotenciur nafic msajuls daiviwyos misi gamocdileba?
13. miuRia Tu ara potenciur nafic msajuls monawileoba nafic msajulad sxva sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi?
14. SeuSlis Tu ara zemoaRniSnuli garemoeba mas xels,
rom iyos samarTliani an miukerZoebeli mimdinare saqmis ganxilvisas?
15. aqvs Tu ara potenciur nafic msajuls raime saxis
fizikuri nakli, smenis, mxedvelobis an enasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi, rac xels SeuSlis mas nafici
msajulis movaleobis SesrulebaSi?
16. gaaCnia Tu ara potenciur nafic msajuls gansakuTrebuli mizezi, romelic xels SeuSlis mas, rom
iyos nafici msajuli?
17. arsebobs Tu ara raime mizezi, romelic miuTiTebs
imaze, rom potenciuri nafici msajuli ver iqneba
samarTliani da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlo ganxilvisas?
Tu Tqven ver gamonaxavT dasabuTebuli wesiT acilebis
safuZvels, gamoiyeneT dausabuTebeli acilebis ufleba. dasabuTebuli da dausabuTebeli acilebis safuZvlebi mocemulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
223-e muxlSi.
muxli 223. nafic msajulTa SerCeva, acileba da TviTacileba
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politikuri Sexedulebebis, raime gaerTianebis wevrobis, eTnikuri, kulturuli da socialuri kuTvnilebis, warmoSobis,
ojaxuri, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis, janmrTelobis mdgomareobis, cxovrebis wesis,
dabadebis adgilis, asakis an nebismieri sxva niSnis safuZvelze.
10. Tu wardgenili braldeba sasjelis saxiT iTvaliswinebs uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, mxares 12 dausabuTebeli acilebis ganacxadis ufleba aqvs. danarCen SemTxvevebSi
mxare uflebamosilia ganacxados 6 dausabuTebeli acileba.
mzad iyaviT mosalodneli acilebisaTvis, romlis safuZvlebic mocemulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 223-e muxlis me-6 punqtSi.
gaxsovdeT, rom arc erTi mxare ar aris uflebamosili,
rom gamoiyenos dausabuTebeli acileba `rasis, kanis feris,
enis, sqesis, rwmenis, msoflmxedvelobis, politikuri Sexedulebebis, raime gaerTianebis wevrobis, eTnikuri, kulturuli
da socialuri kuTvnilebis, warmoSobis, ojaxuri, qonebrivi
da wodebrivi mdgomareobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis, janmrTelobis mdgomareobis, cxovrebis wesis, dabadebis adgilis,
asakis an nebismieri sxva niSnis safuZvelze.
gamomdinare zemoTqmulidan, iyaviT mzad, raTa daasabuToT, rom konkretuli msajulis acileba ganxorcielda
sxva safuZvliT, romelic ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli sssk-is
223-e muxlis me-6 punqtSi. es moiTxovs Zalian did dafiqrebas da ufro rTulia saqarTvelos realobaSi, vidre amerikis
SeerTebul StatebSi, radgan im mizezebis CamonaTvali, ra
drosac ar SegiZliaT moaxdinoT nafic msajulTa dausabuTebeli wesiT acileba, gacilebiT didia. Tumca iyaviT mzad,
raTa moaxdinoT reagireba braldebis mxaris mier dayenebul
dausabuTebel acilebaze, zemoT moyvanili romelime safuZvlis gamo.
akontroleT gamoyenebuli dausabuTebeli acilebebis raodenoba
Tqven unda icodeT, Tu ramdeni acilebis gamoyenebis
ufleba gaqvT konkretul saqmeze. mniSvnelovania akotro-
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loT, Tu ramdeni gamoiyeneT da ramdeni dagrCaT. agreTve ramdeni acilebis ufleba gamoiyena Tqvenma oponentma da ramdeni
darCa mas gamosayenebeli.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, 223-e
muxli, me-10 da me-11 punqtebi
Tu wardgenili braldeba sasjelis saxiT iTvaliswinebs
uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, mxares 12 dausabuTebeli acilebis ganacxadis ufleba aqvs. danarCen SemTxvevebSi mxare uflebamosilia ganacxados 6 dausabuTebeli acileba.
Tu saqmeSi ramdenime braldebulia, TiToeul maTgans damatebiTY3 kandidatis dausabuTebeli acilebis ganacxadis ufleba
eZleva. igive ufleba eZleva braldebis mxares. Tu romelime
braldebuli srulad ar gamoiyenebs acilebis ganacxadis sakuTar kvotas, misi gamoyenebis ufleba eniWeba imave saqmeSi
sxva braldebuls. am SemTxvevaSi braldebis mxare sargeblobs
imdenive dausabuTebeli acilebis ganacxadis uflebiT, ramdeniTac isargebla yvela braldebulma saerTo jamSi.
ra dros unda moxdes dausabuTebeli da dasabuTebuli acilebebis gamoyeneba?
unda daisvas kiTxva: vin gsurT, rom `gamoricxoT~ da vin
gsurT, rom daitovoT nafic msajulad?
vin aris TqvenTvis misaRebi nafici msajuli da vin aris miuRebeli?
zemoaRniSnulze pasuxis gacema sakmaod problematuria.
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, sadac nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos oraswliani gamocdileba arsebobs, amaze naTeli
pasuxi jerac ar aris. arseboben e.w. eqspertebi, romlebic
exmarebian prokurorebs/advokatebs konkretul saqmeebze nafic msajulTa SerCevisas. isini sakmaod maRal anazRaurebas
iReben, Tumca maT mier micemuli rCeva xSirad kvalificiur
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avtoritarizmi
avtoritarizmi aris piradi damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba, romelic gamoxatavs individTa antidemokratiul an totalitarul tendencias. es damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba xSirad aris
gaTvaliswinebuli nafic msajulTa SerCevis dros, gansakuTrebiT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze. arsebobs cxra komponentisagan Semdgari modeli, romelic damaxasiaTebelia avtoritaruli pirovnebisaTvis da romelic gviqmnis zogad STabeWdilebas am pirovnebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli komponentebia:
1. konvencionalizmi _ saSualo klasebisaTvis normebis
miReba da maTi Rirebulebebis ganmtkiceba;
2. avtoritaruli daqvemdebareba _ morCileba an daqvemdebareba Zalauflebis mqone adamianebis brZanebebisa
da survilebisadmi;
3. avtoritaruli agresia _ socialuri Rirebulebebis
an normis damrRvevaTa dasjis survili;
4. xelis SeSla _ warmosaxviTi da kreatiuli ideebis
an qcevis oponireba;
5. crurwmena da stereotipi _ stereotipebisa da cru
Sexedulebisadmi erTguleba, magaliTad, qsenofobia
da rasizmi;
6. Zalaufleba da simkacre _ Zalauflebis da simkacrisadmi midrekileba;
7. gamanadgurebloba da cinizmi _ erTmaneTis mimarT
mtrulad ganwoba;
8. prognozireba _ Sexeduleba, rom sxvebsac igive grZnobebi, Sexedulebebi da perspeqtivebi gaaCniaT;
9. seqsualuroba _ gadaWarbebuli seqsualuri Relva.
avtoritaruli pirovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mocemuli komponentebi gvixatavs sasargeblo suraTs, Tu rogorebi arian amgvari adamianebi. avtoritaruli pirovnebebi,
xSir SemTxvevaSi, arian politikuri TvalsazrisiT konservatorebi, rasistebi, mkacrebi da Zalauflebis moyvarulni.
sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas avtoritaruli nafici msajulebi xSirad damnaSaved cnoben braldebuls, ufro metad
arian eqsperti mowmis Cvenebisa da nivTieri mtkicebulebebis
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gavlenis qveS. amavdroulad, amgvari msajulebi ufro Semwynareblebi arian im braldebulis mimarT, romelTanac isini
msgavsebas xedaven.
mniSvnelovani daskvna, rac SeiZleba gakeTdes, aris is,
rom avtoritaruli nafici msajulebi umetesad braldebis
mxarisTvis arian xelsayrelebi. isini warmoadgenen braldebis
mxaris `xerxemals~. amgvari msajulebi iTaviseben im faqts,
rom prokurorebi warmoadgenen saxelmwifos da xalxis legitimur Zalauflebas _ dasajos kanonis damrRvevi pirebi.
adamianebi, romlebic asocirdebian braldebis mxaresTan, arian
policiisa da samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmoamdgenlebi.
is faqti, rom maT samsaxurebriv movaleobas warmoadgens kanonis aRsruleba da sazogadoebis dacva, amaRlebs braldebis
mxaris pozicias avtoritaruli adamianebis TvalSi. amasTan, avtoritaruli nafici msajulebi negatiurad aRiqvamen
braldebuls, radgan mas brali aqvs wayenebuli kanonis darRvevisaTvis da xSir SemTxvevaSi, warmoadgens dabal socialur-ekonomikur fenas da Sesabamisad, gansxvavebulia nafic
msajulTa umetesobisagan. umetes SemTxvevaSi braldebulebi
arian garkveuli seqtis an umciresobis warmomadgenlebi da
es maxasiaTebeli avtoritarebSi iwvevs winaswar uaryofiT
ganwyobas amgvari pirebis mimarT.
Tumca, miuxedavad imisa, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi avtoritaruli nafici msajulebi braldebis mxaris mimarT arian
keTilganwyobilebi, es ar niSnavs imas, rom amgvari msajulebi
yovelTvis braldebis sasargeblod iReben gadawyvetilebas.
advokatebma brmad ar unda gaiziaron is stereotipi, rom
avtoritarizmi nafic msajulebs maTTvis arasasurvels xdis.
rogorc cxrakomponentiani modeli cxadyofs, misi Semadgenloba rTulia. aucilebelia gaTvaliswinebul iqnes es
kompleqsuroba, raTa ganisazRvros ramdenad sasurveli an
arasasurvelia avtoritaruli nafic msajulTa kandidatebi
Tqveni poziciisaTvis.
arsebobs garkveuli gamonaklisebi braldebis mxaris
mimarT keTilganwyobil avtoritarul nafic msajulebs Soris. magaliTad, iranSi, oliver norfis saqmeze (`crimes of
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samarTlian urTierTobebTan dakavSirebul mosazrebebs, kerZod, ras unda gascemdnen da ras unda iRebdnen mxareebi
urTierTobebidan. samarTlianobis Teoriis formulirebaT
saerTo maxasiaTebelia is faqti, rom adamianebs ar uyvarT
usamarTloba da Tuki miiCneven, rom urTierToba usamarTloa,
samarTlianobis aRdgenis survili uCndebaT.
nafic msajulTa SerCevisas, mniSvnelovania vaRiaroT,
Tu ra amocanis gadaWra uxdebaT nafic msajulebs da rogoria maTi damokidebuleba samarTlian urTierTobebTan, an
samarTlianobasTan mimarTebaSi. mxareebs Soris samarTlian
urTierTobebTan dakavSirebuli SfoTva aqtualuria rogorc
sisxlis samarTlis, aseve samoqalaqo saqmeebis konteqstSi,
Tumca samoqalaqo sferoSi kidev ufro TvalSisacemia.
sisxlis samarTalSi, nafici msajulebi afaseben namdvilad Caidina Tu ara braldebulma danaSauli, romelic
bralad wauyenes. Sesabamisad, naficma msajulebma unda Seamowmon urTierTobebi braldebulsa da dazaralebuls Soris.
nafici msajulebi xSirad SeSfoTebuli arian samarTlianobis sakiTxis gamo, magram mniSvnelovania vaRiaroT kanonis
mier dawesebuli SezRudvebis zegavlena. Cveulebriv nafic
msajulebs ar eubnebian, rom isini moqmedeben sazogadoebis
saxeliT da Sesabamisad, SeuZlian samarTlianobis saWiroebebidan gamomdinare gaamarTlon damnaSave braldebuli,_ rasac nafic msajulTa uunarobas uwodeben. zogadad, nafici
msajulebi Zlieri zewolis qveS arian, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
maTi mosazreba samarTlianobsaTan dakavSirebiT da kanonis
moTxovna urTierTwinaaRmdegobrivia, cxadia, Tuki samarTlianobis sakiTxebi ukiduresobamde ar midis. dgeba dilema:
nafici msajuli unda daemorCilos kanons Tu gadawyvetileba
miiRos sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr.
nafici msajulebis SerCevisas samarTlianobis principis
dacvis SemTxvevaSi 2 sakiTxi wamoiwevs win. pirvel rigSi,
mniSvnelovania gavarkvioT, Tu rogoria nafici msajulebis
ganwyoba mocemuli mdgomareobisadmi. magaliTad, miaCniaT Tu
ara nafic msajulebs, rom gaupatiurebis msxverplTa zogierTi qmedeba _ magaliTad, braldebulis saxlSi gayola _
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sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi nafici msajulobis kandidatTa konkretuli Sexedulebebi SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes
winasasamarTlo sajaroobis zegavlenidan. aseve es Sexedulebebli SeiZleba efuZnebodes TviTmxilveli mowmis Cvenebis
sandoobas, saxelmwifos mier operaciis Sesasruleblad
`agentis~ gamoyenebas, an da im mowmeebis sandoobas, romlebmac aRiares imave saqmeSi monawileoba. qvemoT mocemulia
ramdenime sademonstracio kiTxva:
`raime informacia xom ar migiRiaT saqmesTan dakavSirebiT radios, televiziis, gazeTis an internetis
saSualebiT.~
`mokled gviambeT am informaciis Sesaxeb.~
`xom ar SegeqmnaT garkveuli wormodgena saqmis Sesaxeb
Tqvens megobrebTan da TanamSromlebTan saubris Sedegad? da ra warmodgena SegeqmnaT?~
dacvis mxare: migaCniaT Tu ara, rom TviTmxilvels SesaZloa zustad ar axsovdes Tu ra moxda konkretul garemoebebSi? SegiZliaT miTxraT ra garemoebebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios TviTmxilvelis mier gulwrfeli Secdomis daSveba ambis
gaxsenebasTan dakavSirebiT?
braldebis mxare: rogori damokidebuleba gaqvT danaSaulis
monawile piris dasakaveblad `agentebis~ gamoyenebis mimarT?
braldebis mxare: sarwmuno iqneba Tu ara TqvenTvis im mowmis Cveneba, romelmac aRiarebiTi Cveneba gaakeTa da daTanxmda
Cveneba mieca imave saqmeSi monawile sxva brldebulebis winaaRmdeg?
samarTlebrivi mosazrebebi
mosaxleobis did umciresobas gaaCnia mosazrebebi, romlebic ewinaaRmdegeba marTlmsajulebis sistemis sxvadasxva samarTlebriv da iuridiul princips. Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovania, rom gaigoT potenciuri nafici msajulebis
codna da mosazrebebi ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi principebisa
da kanonebis Sesaxeb. potenciuri msajulebis samarTlebrivi
mosazrebebis gacnobisas, saWiroa daadginoT nebismieri aras-
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potenciuri nafici msajulebis Sesaxeb xSirad misi araverbaluri komuniaciis SeswavliT ufro met informacias miiRebT,
vidre Tavad kiTxvebze gacemuli pasuxebidan.
nafic msajulTa araverbaluri komunikaciis
Seswavla
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miznebi
nafici msajulebis mier sakuTari mosazrebebisa da
midrekilebebis gamovlenis Seswavla araverbaluri
qcevis safuZvelze.
komunikaciis normaluri formebisagan gadaxvevebis
mniSvnelobis gaazreba.
nafici msajulebis SesarCevad araverbaluri komunikaciis xerxebis gamoyenebis strategiebis SemuSaveba.
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sxeulis moZraoba
zogadad, rac ufro Relavs potenciuri nafici msajuli,
miT ufro met moZraobas akeTebs. es moZraobebi SesaZloa
mTeli sxeulis (mag., sxeulis pozis Secvla) moZraobas, anda
mxolod zogierTi nawilis moZraobas gulisxmobdes (mag.,
wriali anda TiTebis tkacuni). gauCerebeli moZraoba, romelic sxeulis mTeli masis gadaadgilebas moicavs (`cqmutva~
an `krunCxva~), mRelvarebis, an nerviulobis gamomxatvelia
da erTgvari tradiciuli reaqciaa `cxel skamze~ jdomisa.
nervuli energiis, an mRelvarebis gafantvas emsaxureba
ufro susti, SeumCneveli moZraobebi _ xelebis erTdroulad
xaxuni da sresa, anda TiTebis gamudmebiT skamis saxelurze,
wignze, gazeTze, an sxva saganze kakuni. TiTebis tkacuni da
kakuni SesaZloa amavdroulad mouTmenlobasac gamoxatavdes.
sxeulis amgvari moZraobebi xSirad tyuilis Tqmis indikatoria da prokuroris/advokatis mier dasmuli SekiTxvebisadmi
aradadebiT damokidebulebaze miuTiTebs. xelsaxocis, gulsakidis, samajuris, saaTis anda beWdis wvalebasac analogiuri axsna aqvs, Tumca mRelvarebis SedarebiT mcire miniSnebaa.
mRelvarebis sxva niSnebia e.w. `adaptaciuri~ moZraobebi,
rogoricaa, magaliTad, Tavis moqeqva, Tmis moqaCva, an daxveva, an ubralod saxeze xeliT Sexeba. xeliT Tmis varcxna SesaZloa aseve mRelvarebis gamomxatveli iyos. aRelvebuli nafici msajulobis kandidatebi xSirad erTi xeliT
ukan ivarcxnian Tmas, anda swrafi moZraobiT gaiqneven Tavs
Tmis gasworebis mizniT. mRelvarebis niadagze xeliT davarcxnis msgavsi moZraobebis gakeTebisas potenciurma naficma
msajulebma SesaZloa aseve daiwyon tansacmlis `wvaleba~,
tansacmlidan nacveTis mocileba, an ubralod Seisworon
tansacmeli (kaba, qurTuki, perangi, an halstuxi).
magram zemoT xsenebuli yvela moZraoba aucileblad
mRelvarebis maniSnebeli ar aris. magaliTad, Tavis moqeqva
SesaZloa aseve gaurkvevlobas, yoymansac niSnavdes, gansakuTrebiT Tuki Tavi moqeqvis dros erT mxareze aqvs adamians
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gadaxrili. xelebis moWera Tu mRelvarebas gamoxatavs, xelisgulebis erTmaneTze win da ukan xaxuni SesaZloa Tavdajerebulobis, anda raRac sasurvelis molodinis gamomxatveli iyos. xelisgulebis SeerTeba imgvarad, rom TiTebi cisken
iyos mimarTuli, mianiSnebs sakuTar poziciaSi, an/da naTqvamSi
dajerebulobaze. amasTan, eqspresiuli Jestebi, an `ilustraciuri~ moZraobebi, romlebic saubrisas iqna gamoyenebuli, zogadad procesSi meti CarTulobis, anda moxerxebulad
grZnobis gamomxatvelia. es niSnebi Tu qcevebi potenciuri nafici msajulebis aRelvebul reaqciebSi ar unda SegveSalos.
sxeulis poza
es niSani informaciis or wyaros aerTianebs _ sxeulis
simtkices da Jestebs. zogadad, rac ufro mtkice sxeulis
pozicia aqvs potenciur msajuls, miT ufro metad Relavs
is. simtkicis niSnebi moicavs gamarTul, gaSeSebul pozas da
daZabul kunTebs. xelisa da TiTebis kunTebis daZabvis Sedegad, SeiZleba TiTebi gaTeTrebulad gamoiyurebodes, rodesac aRelvebuli piri xels skamis saxelurebs hkidebs, anda
xelebs gadaajvaredinebs da muxlebze daidebs. mRelvarebis
SedarebiT mcire niSnebs warmoadgens sxeulis mcire kunTebis
jgufis daZabva, gansakuTrebiT saxis areSi. 28
simtkice aseve TvalSisacemia, rodesac SerCevis sxdomisas kiTxvebis dasmis dros Tavisa da sxeulis Cveulebrivi
moZraobebis Sesruleba ar xdeba. umoZraoba aseve SeiZleba
gamoixatebodes xelebis, fexebis gadajvaredinebiT. Tumca
mniSvnelovania, rom zemoT xsenebuli niSnebi potenciuri na28 es mosazrebebi ara marto nafic msajulebze, aramed sxva pirebzec
moqmedebs. magaliTad, aviRoT samedicino gaufrTxileblobis motiviT, saavadmyofos winaaRmdeg warmoebuli saqmis ganxilva. daikiTxa saavadmyofos
administratori, romelmac saavadmyofos sandoobis da miyenebuli zianis
moculobis Sesaxeb kiTxvebze mcire, magram informaciuli araverbaluri
pasuxebi gasca. misi pasuxebi pirdapir mosarCelis sawinaaRmdego ar iyo,
magram pasuxismgeblobisa da miyenebuli zianis sakiTxebis xsenebisTanave is
ybis kunTebs Zabavda, xolo rodesac kiTxvebi naklebad mgrZnobiare sakiTxebs
exeboda, maSin ybis ZarRvebs moadunebda xolme.
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qcevaTa nimuSebi
sxeulis
moZraoba
sxeulis poza
sxeulis
orientacia
uneblie
niSnebi
mxrebis aqaCva
mxrebis aqaCva
Tvalis
kontaqti
saxis
gamometyveleba
Tundac
umniSvnelo
mimika
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sxeulis orientacia
mesame niSani exeba potenciuri nafici msajulis sxeulis
orientacias prokuroris/advokatis mimarT. zogadad, sxeulis orientacia gulisxmobs msmenelis sxeulis wina nawilis
mimarTebas mosaubresTan. Ria orientaciisas msmenelis sxeuli
mosaubrisaken aris `moxrili~. nafici msajulis Ria orientacia Cveulebriv imaze metyvelebs, rom msajuli ar Relavs,
dadebiTad aris ganwyobili mosaubris mimarT, an eTanxmeba
mosaubris pozicias. ZiriTadad, Ria orientaciisas msmeneli
Tavisuflad zis, ise rogorc im adamianebis garemocvaSi,
visTanac komfortulad grZnobs Tavs. aqedan gamomdinare, mosaubris mimarT msmenelis sxeulis gadaxris kuTxis xarisxi
miuTiTebs urTierTobis `daxurul~ xasiaTze, anda mosaubris,
an misi poziciis mimarT winaaRmdegobaze. daxuruli orientacia SesaZloa gansakuTrebiT informatiuli iyos, rodesac
erTi an meore mxaris mimarT orientacias asaxavs.
orientaciis am maxasiaTebelTan mimarTebaSi aseve mniSvnelovania dakvirveba nafici msajuli `dacviT~ poziciaSi
xom ar zis. kidurebis gadajvaredineba orientaciasTan kombinaciaSi prokuroris/advokatis mimarT daxurul poziciaze
miuTiTebs. nafici msajulebi, romlebic amgvarad gadaijvaredineben xelebs, amJRavneben mxaris mimarT winaaRmdegobas, an
mtrul damokidebulebas.
sarkiseburi efeqtis msgavsad, sxeulis orientacia gvawvdis informacias potenciuri nafici msajulebis erTmaneTTan
savaraudo urTierTobis Sesaxeb. potenciur nafic msajulTa
qceva derefanSi, Sesvenebebis da SerCevis sxdomis dros, maT
urTierTobaze metyvelebs. rodesac ramdenime nafici msajuli
jgufad dgas da sxeuli jgufis centrisaken aqvT mimarTuli,
jgufi `daxuruli~ xasiaTisaa. es eqskluziuri urTierToba
gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia, rodesac am jgufis maxloblad
sxva potenciuri nafici msajulebic dganan, Tumca jgufSi ar
Sedian. potenciur nafic msajulTa orientaciiT SesaZlebelia sxdomaze maTi damokidebulebebi ganvsazRvroT. rodesac
ramdenime potenciuri nafici msajuli erTad dgas, sxva msajulebi erTgvarad `TamaSgare~ mdgomareobaSi arian da maTi
sxeulebi an pirdapir aris mimarTuli, anda am potenciuri
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mxrebis aqaCva
pasuxis gacemisas mxrebis aqaCva SeiZleba imaze miuTiTebdes, rom (tyuilis TqmiT gamowveuli) mRelvarebis gamo mopasuxe ar aris sakuTar TavSi darwmunebuli, uxerxulad an
dabneulad grZnobs Tavs. mxrebis aqaCva SesaZloa nafici msajulis mier dasmuli SekiTxvis kvalificirebas asaxavdes. potenciuri nafici msajulebi, romlebic braldebulis savaraudo udanaSaulobasTan, an miyenebuli tkivilis, an tanjvis
kompensaciis kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemis dros qaCaven mxrebs,
faqtobrivad prokurorebs/advokatebs eubnebian imas, rom isini darwmunebuli ar arian, an ar eTanxmebian maT naTqvams. am
informaciis codna mniSvnelovania, raTa SevafasoT ramdenad
sasurvelia konkretuli nafici msajulis arCeva.
nafici msajulis mier mxrebis aqaCva SeiZleba aseve mianiSnebdes, rom is valdebuli ar aris gaiTvaliswinos mosmenili. am pirobebSi, potenciuri nafici msajuli mxares
faqtobrivad eubneba, rom sityvierad eTanxmeba mosmenils,
Tumca am Tanxmobam SeiZleba aranairi gavlena ar iqonios mis
gadawyvetilebebze. dabolos, mxrebis aqaCva SeiZleba aseve
sakiTxis mimarT indiferentuli damokidebulebis gamoxatuleba iyos, rogorc im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac nafici msajuli amCnevs, rom policia zogjer aWarbebs sakuTar uflebamosilebas potenciur samarTaldamrRvevebTan mimarTebaSi.
vizualuri kontaqti
SerCevis sxdomisas potenciuri nafici msajulis mcdeloba an unari, daamyaros da SeinarCunos vizualuri kontaqti, SesaZlebelia misi mRelvarebis donis sazomi iyos.
Tuki prokurors/advokats da potenciur nafic msajuls Soris urTierToba daZabuli an mRelvarea, droTa ganmavlobaSi
es daZabuloba kidev ufro gaizrdeba. daZabulobis zrdaze
potenciuri nafici msajulebis reaqcia ki vizualuri kontaqtis darRveva (Tvalis aridebis, an daxamxamebis formiT)
iqneba. vizualuri kontaqtis gawyvetis Semdeg daZabulobis
done droebiT Semcirdeba da mogvianebiT nafic msajulebs
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magram gadaWarbebuli kavSiri SesaZloa mtruli damokidebulebis maCvenebeli iyos. am fenomens ukavSirdeba gamoTqma
`Seicani mteri Seni~ (mag., `ar momwonxar da amitom Tvals
gadevneb~). meore _ gadametebuli vizualuri kontaqti aseve
asocirdeba motyuebis, an namdvili grZnobebis dafarvis mcdelobasTan. rogorc wesi, rodesac nafici msajuli motyuebas,
an araswori informaciis gadmocemas cdilobs da miaCnia,
rom daJinebuli mzera mas ufro sarwmunod gamoaCens, amis
gamo man SeiZleba gangeb gadametebuli vizualuri kavSiri
daamyaros. mesame _ sxvadasxva kulturaSi sxvadasxva donis vizualuri kavSiria mizanSewonili. magaliTad, espanuri
da aziuri warmomavlobis nafici msajulebis kandidatebma
SeiZleba naklebi vizualuri kavSiri daamyaron, rac Zalian
martivad aixsneba maTi kulturuli kuTvnilebiT.es gamonaklisebi kidev erTxel usvams xazs im faqts, rom saWiroa
yvela verbaluri da araverbaluri niSani erTad ganixiloT,
raTa swored SevafasoT nafici msajulis kandidatis realuri grZnobebi da Sexedulebebi.
saxis gamometyveleba
saxis gamometyveleba, savaraudod, swored is niSania,
romelsac adamianebi yvelaze metad endobian urTierTobisas. Sublis SeWmuxna, gaRimeba, SeSfoTebuli gamoxedva, skeptikuri an eWviani gamometyveleba arsebuli situaciis, an
pirovnebis Sesaxeb gvawvdis informacias. saxis gamometyvelebasTan dakavSirebuli problema imaSi mdgomareobs, rom socializaciis procesSi, adamianebi yvelaze ukeTesad, sxva araverbaluri komunikaciis aspeqtebTan SedarebiT, swored saxis
gamometyvelebis kontrolirebas swavloben. nafici msajulis
kandidati SeiZleba iRimebodes, anda dainteresebas gamoxatavdes maSinac ki, rodesac misi grZnobebi ar Seesabameba
am gamometyvelebas. Tumca, Tuki nafici msajulis kandidati
gansakuTrebiT daxelovnebuli ar aris araverbaluri komunikaciis unar-CvevebSi, realur grZnobebsa da gamometyvelebas
Soris arsebul Seusabamobas raime formiT mainc gamoavlens
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niSnebi SesaZloa winaaRmdegobas, anda mRelvarebas gamoxatavdes gadajvaredinebuli xelebisa da daxuruli orientaciis mxriv. rogorc mogvianebiT ganvixilavT, araverbaluri
niSnebis Tavsebadobis xarisxi nafici msajulis WeSmariti
grZnobebis gamovlenis ZiriTadi faqtoria.
arsebobs erTi tipi potenciuri nafici msajulebisa,
romlebic yvelaze did mniSvnelobas saxis gamometyvelebebs aniWeben. `moRimar~ nafic msajuls, SerCevis sxdomis
dros, prokuroris/advokatis mier kiTxvebis dasmis procesSic Rimili aqvs saxeze da STabeWdilebas qmnis, rom mxaris
mimarT dadebiTad aris ganwyobili. magram realurad es ase
ar aris. SerCevis Semdegac es nafici msajuli prokurors/
advokats sasamarTlo ganxilvaze RimiliT egebeba da agrZelebs iseTi STabeWdilebis moxdenas, TiTqos kvlav dadebiTad
aris ganwyobili. mas Semdeg, rac nafici msajulebi klientis
sawinaaRmdego verdiqts gamoitanen, nafici msajuli kvlavac
gaagrZelebs Rimils (da mxolod mogvianebiT gairkveva, rom
klientis sawinaaRmdego pozicia hqonda).
potenciuri nafici msajulis xelovnuri Rimilis gamovlenis mTavari gasaRebi misi araverbaluri niSnebis urTierTTavsebadobis SemowmebaSi mdgomareobs. axlavs Tu ara nafici
msajulis Rimils Tvalis gare kuTxeebSi naoWebi, an sxva
niSnebi, rogorc es gulwrfeli Rimilis dros unda iyos?
xom ar SeiniSneba TvalebSi sisvele, rogorc es dadebiTi grZnobebis SemTxvevaSi unda iyos an, piriqiT, xom ar
aris gamoxedva civi? aris Tu ara Rimili asimetriuli (mag.,
tuCebis erTi mxare maRlaa mimarTuli, rodesac meore mxare umoZraod, dablaa daxrili)? aris Tu ara Rimili sxva
araverbalur niSnebTan, rogoricaa sxeulis orientacia da
poza, Tavsebadi? yovelTvis ufrTxildiT potenciur nafic
msajuls, romelic iRimeba, magram sxeuli sxva mxares aqvs
mimarTuli da mtkice pozas inarCunebs!
saxis umniSvnelo mimika
saxis gamometyvelebebis gansakuTrebuli klass `saxis
umniSvnelo mimikad~ moixsenieben. saxis umniSvnelo mimika
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Zalian xanmokle da swrafia, imdenad, rom wamis measedebiT izomeba. saxis umniSvnelo mimika asaxavs universalur
emociebs, maT Soris mowyenas, bednierebas, SiSs, gabrazebas,
zizRs, Tanxmobas da gakvirvebas. saxis umniSvnelo mimika
dominantur gamometyvelebebTan araTavsebadia da individualuri piris mier am gamometyvelebebis daTrgunvas asaxavs. magaliTad, Tuki Senelebul reJimSi vuyurebT Canawers,
romelSic asaxulia moRimari adamiani, romelic bednieri ar
aris, saxis umniSvnelo mimikam SeiZleba gamoavlinos mowyenili an gabrazebuli gamometyveleba, romelic dominanturi
moRimari gamometyvelebis miRma imaleba. saxis umniSvnelo
mimikis dadgena rTulia misi swrafi xasiaTis gamo, magram
iTvleba, rom swavlebis Sedegad SesaZlebelia adamianma gaiumjobesos amgvari gamometyvelebebis amocnobis unari. saxis umniSvnelo mimikam SeiZleba qvecnobier donezec iqonios
gavlena da prokuroris/advokatis mxridan nafici msajulis
mimarT intuitiuri ganwyobis Camoyalibebis wyaro gaxdes,
maSin rodesac prokurors/advokats dadebiTi, an negatiuri
reaqcia aqvs nafic msajulze, magram ar SeuZlia am grZnobis
obieqturi safuZvelis axsna.
smeniTi niSnebi: ra gvesmis
niSnebis meore kategoria mosmenil informaciaze, anu smeniT niSnebze akeTebs aqcents. qvemoT CamoTvlilia 8 smeniTi
niSani, romlebic mRelvarebaze, anda tyuilze miuTiTebs:
wyvetili saubari;
Seyovnebuli saubari;
aRmavali tonaloba;
saubris moculoba;
saubris siCqare;
xmis toni;
daZabuli sicili;
saubrisas gamoyenebuli sityvebi (sityvebis SerCeva).
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, am niSnebis umetesoba mocemul
situaciaSi potenciuri nafici msajulis Cveulebrivi qcevisagan gansxvavebul qcevas asaxavs.
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wyvetili saubari
potenciuri nafici msajulis saubris Cveulebrivi maneridan gadaxveva da saubris wyveta SeiZleba mRelvarebis mimaniSnebeli iyos. potenciuri nafici msajulis mRelvarebis
zrdasTan erTad ki izrdeba saubris wyvetis sixSire. Sewyvetas SeiZleba SeCerebis xasiaTi hqondes da Tan axldes iseTi
niSnebi, rogoricaa: `mmmmm~, `uuuf~, `isa~. magaliTad, `Tqveni
azriT, SeZlebT gamamarTlebeli verdiqtis gamotanas, Tuki
prokurori ver SeZlebs ikisros mtkicebis tvirTi?~ qvemoT
mocemul or pasuxSi sxvadasxva donis mRelvareba gamoixateba:
_ `vfiqrob SevZleb braldebulis udanaSaulod cnobas~
(uwyveti pasuxi).
_ `vfiqrob, mmmmm... SevZleb, mmmmm..., braldebulis udanaSaulod cnobas~(wyvetili pasuxi).
meore pasuxSi wyveta imis maCvenebelia, rom meore potenciuri nafici msajuli pirvelTan SedarebiT ufro Relavs.
saubris wyveta SeiZleba aseve gamoixatebodes pasuxis dros
erTi da imave sityvebis gameorebiT, magaliTad `vfiqrob, rom
(mcire pauza), vfiqrob, SevZleb braldebulis udanaSaulod
cnobas~.
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111
miuTiTebs. am niSnis yvelaze naTeli magaliTia, rodesac nafici msajuli mRelvarebis gamomwvev kiTxvas mokled, maRali
tonalobiT `diax~ an `aras~ pasuxobs. aRmavali tonaloba
SesaZloa aseve pasuxSi daurwmuneblobas asaxavdes. am SemTxvevaSi, marTalia, Tavad naTqvams moxsenebiTi xasiaTi aqvs,
magram saubris bolos aRmavali tonaloba migvaniSnebs, rom
nafici msajuli ar aris Tavdajerebili sakuTar naTqvamSi.
saubris moculoba
prokuroris/advokatis mimarT nafici msajulobis kandidatis dadebiTi damokidebuleba SeiZleba gamovlindes nafici
msajulis saubris moculobaSi. dadebiTad ganwyobili nafici msajuli mzad aris ufro meti esaubros prokurors/
advokats. igive SeiZleba iTqvas potenciur nafic msajulze,
romelic konkretuli prokuroris/advokatis keTilganwyobis
mopovebas cdilobs. magram, rodesac nafic msajuls ar moswons mxare, mcirdeba misi survili, rom gulwrfeli pasuxebi
gasces kiTxvebze. amgvarad, saubris moculoba mniSvnelovan
informacias gvawvdis potenciuri nafici msajulebis mxareebis mimarT damokidebulebaze.
mniSvnelovania, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gavamaxviloT,
Tu ramdenad mondomebulia potenciuri nafici msajuli, rom
sruli pasuxi gagceT dasmul kiTxvaze, anda dasmul kiTxvaze
pasuxTan erTad mogawodoT damatebiTi informacia. prokurori/advokati sifrTxiliT unda moekidos iseT potenciur nafic msajuls, romelic mis kiTxvebs mokled pasuxobs, xolo
mowinaaRmdege mxaris kiTxvebze detalur pasuxebs iZleva.
faqtobrivad amgvari gansxvavebuli aqtiuroba SeiZleba iqamdec mivides, rom potenciurma naficma msajulma keTilganwyobili prokuroris/advokatis mier sxva potenciuri nafici
msajulebis gamokiTxvis procesi CaSalos ama Tu im sakiTxebze sakuTari mosazrebebis gadaWarbebuli gaTqmiT.
zogadi wesis Tanaxmad, bevri saubari dadebiTi damokidebulebis gamoxatulebaa. magram Sinaarsis mixedviT gamonaklisad unda CaiTvalos SemTxvevebi, rodesac pasuxi Seusabamo
informacias an kiTxvaze pasuxisagan Tavis aridebas moicavs.
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am SemTxvevaSi bevri saubari tyuilisa da mRelvarebis maniSnebelia. potenciurma naficma msajulma, romelic Relavs
an prokuroris/advokatis motyuebas cdilobs, SesaniRbad
SesaZloa ararelevanturi informaciia mogviTxros. am SemTxvevaSi potenciuri nafici msajulis mizania Tqvas nebismieri ram, raTa upasuxod ar datovos mxaris kiTxva da
amavdroulad, ar gamoavlinos realuri damokidebuleba. magaliTad, rodesac potenciur nafic msajuls ekiTxebian, Tu
ramdenad SeZlebs braldebulis samarTlian gansjas, pirdapiri pasuxi iqneba `b-n jonss samarTlianad ganvsji~, xolo
Tavis aridebis SemTxvevaSi ityvis: _ `albaT yvela dameTanxmeba, rom samarTlianoba Zalian mniSvnelovania~. yuradReba
miaqcieT, rom meore pasuxs _ braldebulis mimarT sakuTari
damokidebulebis gacxadebas, potenciuri nafici msajuli Segnebulad aridebs Tavs. es SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos ubralo
daudevrobiT, anda surviliT, rom ar gamoavlinos sakuTari
damokidebuleba. damatebiTi kiTxvebi saSualebas mogvcems Sesabamisad SevafasoT, Tu ra SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme _ Tavis
arideba Tu daudevroba. qvemoT moyvanilia yofili leitenantis, kolonel oliver nortis saqmis ganxilvisaTvis nafic
msajulTa SerCevis sxdomis dros gamarTuli gamokiTxva:
prokurori: xom ar arsebobs mizezi, romlis gamoc gagiWirdebaT am saqmeSi nafic msajulad gamosvla?
nafici msajulobis kandidati: ara.
prokurori: zogjer adamianebs religiuri mosazrebebiT
uWirT nafis msajulad gamosvla. Tqveni religiuri rwmena
an mosazrebebi xels xom ar SegiSliT nafici msajulis movaleobis SesrulebaSi?
nafici msajulobis kandidati: iciT, me qristiani var,
magram simarTlis mjera, imitom, rom simarTle RmerTis
megobaria (yuradReba miaqcieT im faqts, rom nafici msajulobis kandidati faqtobrivad ver pasuxobs dasmul SekiTxvas).
prokurori: kargiT, magram Tuki simarTle, Tqveni gagebiT,
da kanoni, rogorc mosamarTlisagan moismineT _ moiTxovs,
rom xma misceT gadawyvetilebas kolonel norTis damnaSaved
cnobis Sesaxeb, da gjeraT rom es asea, Tqven amas gaakeTebT?
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nafici msajulobis kandidati: ara, amas ver gavakeTeb, imitom, rom iq ar viyavi da ar vici, man Caidina Tu ara es.
warmoidgineT, xma rom mivce am gadawyvetilebas, gamodis, rom
faqtobrivad me mas sicocxles varTmev, adamianis sicocxle
ki Zvirfasia da misi damnaSaveobis gadawyvetilebas xmas ver
mivcem.
prokurori: ganurCevlad imisa, Tu ras gaigebT sasamarTlo darbazSi?
nafici msajulobis kandidati: diax.
prokurori: anu mainc ar daadanaSaulebdiT mas?
nafici msajulobis kandidati: ara.
prokurori: vafaseb Tqvens gulwrfelobas, didi madloba,
qalbatono.
nafici msajulobis kandidati: gmadlobT.
sasamarTlo: didi madloba, Tqven Tavisufali xarT (acilebuli xarT).
rogorc winamdebare TavSi ganvixilavT, Tuki ver SeZlebT
ararelevanturi pasuxis gamocnobas, SeiZleba miiRoT potenciurad damangreveli Sedegebi.
saubris siCqare
mRelvarebis kidev erTi niSania is, Tu ramdenad swrafad
pasuxobs potenciuri nafici msajuli dasmul SekiTxvas.
zogjer aRelvebuli nafici msajuli cdilobs dauyovnebliv
da swrafad upasuxos SekiTxvas. swrafad saubari mRelvarebis xangrZlivobas amcirebs.
xmis toni
potenciuri nafici msajulis xmis toni SeiZleba tyuilisa da uaryofiTi damokidebulebis mniSvnelovani miniSneba
iyos. es niSani adre ganxilul vizualur niSnebTan SedarebiT
tyuilis dadgenis ufro zusti saSualebaa. xmis civi toni
Cveulebriv tyuilze, gulgrilobaze, an potenciur uaryofiT
damokidebulebaze _ arakeTilganwyobaze metyvelebs. amitom
Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom ukiduresad frTxilad mivud-
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mRelvarebisa
wyaro
wyvetili saubari
Seyovnebuli
saubari
tonaloba
saubris moculoba
saubris siCqare
xmis toni
daZabuli sicili
sityvebis SerCeva
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ganmartebis mopoveba;
is, Tu vis uyurebs nafici msajuli gaurkvevel situaciaSi;
nafic msajulze mudmivi dakvirveba.
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121
gaurkveveli situaciaa. amitom mniSvnelovania yuradReba mivaqcioT, Tu vis mimarTavs `daxmarebisaTvis~ potenciuri nafici msajuli, rodesac iseT kiTxvas usvamen, romlis pasuxSic ar aris darwmunebuli. sayuradReboa, agrZelebs Tu ara
potenciuri nafici msajuli vizualuri kontaqtis SenarCunebas prokurorTan/advokatTan, romelic damabnevel kiTxvas
svams, moelis Tu ara misgan met ganmartebas, anda daxmarebas?
xom ar uyurebs potenciuri nafici msajuli am SemTxvevaSi
mowinaaRmdege mxares? mosamarTles uyurebs Tu mosamarTlis TanaSemwes? gaurkvevel situaciebTan dakavSirebiT msajulis pasuxi migvaniSnebs, Tu vis SeiZleba mimarTos naficma
msajulma `daxmarebisaTvis~ pasuxis gacemisas, anda rodesac
msgavsi damabneveli kiTxvebi sasamarTlo darbazSi daismeba.
Tuki SesaZlebelia, unda aiciloT potenciuri msajuli, romelic pasuxisaTvis an `daxmarebisaTvis~ mowinaaRmdege mxares
`mimarTavs~.
awarmoeT potenciur msajulze mudmivi dakvirveba
zemoT ZiriTadi yuradReba gamaxvilebuli iyos imaze, Tu
ra reaqcia hqondaT dasmul kiTxvebze potenciur nafic msajulebs, Tumca informaciis mopoveba sxva dros (sxva xerxebiTac) SeiZleba. dakvirvebul prokurors/advokats SeuZlia isargeblos am mdgomareobiT. pirvel rigSi, saWiroa
dakvirveba potenciuri nafici msajulis reaqciaze, rodesac
mxare kiTxvas svams sxva nafici msajulebis misamarTiT da
rodesac isini am kiTxvebs pasuxoben. xSirad potenciuri
nafici msajulebi Tanxmobis niSnad Tavs aqneven an iReben
skeptikuri, an kritikuli saxis gamometyvelebas, anda sxva
nafici msajulisaTvis dasmul kiTxvebze sakuTari azris da
damokidebulebebis gamoTqmiT, gamoscemen araverbalur indikatorebs.
daakvirdiT potenciuri nafici msajulebis qcevas, rodesac isini jer kidev nafici msajulobis kandidatis rolSi
gvevlinebian. potenciuri nafici msajulebi komfortulad
grZnoben Tavs am dros da ara maSin, rodesac ukve SerCeul
nafic msajulTa SemadgenlobaSi arian. Sedegad, nafici msa-
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daskvna
yuradReba gaamaxvileT SerCevis sxdomis oTx mTavar mizanze: 1. informaciis Segroveba; 2. keTilganwyobis mopoveba; 3.
nafic msajulTa informaciis miwodeba samarTlebriv sakiTxebze da 4. darwmuneba. isargebleT am miznebis miRwevis teqnikuri da strategiuli xerxebiT.
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braldebulis personificireba
(Tu dacvis mxares warmoadgenT, SeecadeT naficma msajulma
braldebulSi dainaxos pirovneba)
dadebiTad ganewyveT Tqveni dacvis qveS myofis mimarT da
daanaxeT es ganwyoba nafic msajulebs:
1. esaubreT mas;
2. usmineT;
3. SeexeT mas;
4. SesTavazeT wyali;
5. uzrunvelyaviT, rom naficma msajulebma braldebuli
ojaxis wevrebis garemocvaSi naxon.
xSirad mimarTeT mas saxeliT. periodulad mimarTeT mas,
rogorc `b-n giorgis~. es miuTiTebs pativiscemaze braldebulis mimarT.
gauziareT nafic msajulebs rame piradi informacia
braldebulis Sesaxeb, magaliTad is, rom `giorgi skolaSi
TbilisSi, kekeliZis quCaze dadioda~.
ramdeni kiTxva davsvaT?
ar dasvaT arc erTi kiTxva konkretuli miznis gareSe.
ar SegeSindeT imis, rom Zalian mokle droSi CaataroT
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3.
kiTxvebis saxeebi
1. mimaniSnebeli kiTxvebi
es aris kiTxva, romelic Tavis TavSi moicavs pasuxs da
pirisgan mxolod daTanxmebas an uaryofas moiTxovs. aseTi
saxis kiTxvebi TiTqmis ar tovebs sxva arCevans, garda pasuxisa `diax~ an `ara~. amgvari kiTxvebi sasargebloa samar-
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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133
134
32
(1998),
e e se. o es e
FOR
. o.
y e e
135
o .
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138
139
140
141
[d] ewinaaRmdegeba Tu ara vinme im mosazrebas, rom motivis ararseboba SeiZleba braldebulis udanaSaulobis ganmsazRvreli faqtori iyos?
saqmis xelaxali ganxilva (verdiqtis gamotanis SeuZlebloba nafic
msajulTa mier verdiqtze SeuTanxmeblobis gamo)
[b] Tu braldebam braldebuls brali wauyena da verdiqti ver iqna gamotanili nafic msajulTa mier verdiqtze
SeuTanxmeblobis gamo, fiqrobT Tu ara, rom usamarTlo iqneboda, Tu braldeba mas brals xelmeored wauyenebs?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom braldebuli valdebulia momxdarTan dakavSirebiT sakuTari pozicia ganmartos?
[d] gjeraT Tu ara, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi
braldebulebi, romlebic Tavis dasacavad Cvenebas ar aZleven,
savaraudod, damnaSaveni arian?
[d] Tu braldebuli Cvenebas ar miscems, CaTvlidiT Tu
ara amas braldebulis savaraudo braleulobis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad?
[d] rogori STabeWdileba SegeqmnebodaT im braldebulebze, romlebic Tavis dasacavad Cvenebas ar miscemdnen?
[d] rogori STabeWdileba SegeqmnebodaT braldebulze,
romelic sasamarTlo sxdomaze Cvenebas ar miscemda?
142
[d] SeZlebdiT Tu ara [braldebulis saxeli] udanaSaulod cnobas [wayenebuli danaSaulebis CadenaSi], Tu igi Cvenebas ar miscems momxdarTan dakavSirebiT sakuTari poziciis
ganmartebis mizniT?
[d] ifiqrebdiT Tu ara, rom igi raimes damalvas cdilobda?
eTnikuri warmomavloba an rasizmi
[b],[d] ras niSnavs TqvenTvis fraza eTnikuri stereotipi~ an rasobrivi stereotipi~?
143
[b],[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom zogierTi eTnikuri an rasobrivi jgufi ufro ZalmomreobiT xasiaTdeba, vidre sxvebi?
cxovrebis stili
warmodgenili iqneba mtkicebuleba, rom [braldebulis saxeli] eswreboda wveulebas, sadac narkotikebs moixmardnen.
is faqti, rom igi am wveulebaze iyo, xom ar gafiqrebinebdaT,
rom mas raime cudi unda Caedina?
[b],[d] Tqvens ojaxSi, farTo gagebiT, arian Tu ara gansxvavebuli rasis, eTnikurobis an mrwamsis mqone wevrebi?
[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom dazaralebuli an diskriminirebuli jgufebi imave kanonieri uflebebiT unda sargeblobdnen, rogorc sxva jgufebi?
kriminaluri dajgufebebi/kriminaluri dajgufebebis saqmianoba
qvemoT mocemuli SekiTxvebi kriminaluri dajgufebebis
Sesaxeb kanonier qurdebsac moicavs.
[b],[d] iciT Tu ara kriminaluri dajgufebebis raime saqmianobis Sesaxeb Tqvens samezobloSi, qalaqSi, dabaSi an
sofelSi?
[b],[d] gqoniaT Tu ara odesme Tqven an Tqvens axlobel
adamians raime problema romelime kriminalur dajgufebasTan
an dajgufebis wevrebTan?
[b],[d] xom ar gqoniaT raime Sexeba romelime kriminalur
dajgufebasTan an xom ar yofila Tqveni nacnobi/ojaxis wevri
aseTi dajgufebis wevri an mis saqmianobaSi Cabmuli?
[b],[d] xom ar gangicdiaT Tqven an Tqvens nacnobs SiSi samarTaldamcavebisTvis kriminaluri dajgufebebis saqmianobis
Taobaze informaciis miwodebasTan dakavSirebiT?
[b] gaxsendebaT Tu ara raime situacia, rodesac pirovnebam ar moisurva samarTaldamcavebisTvis danaSaulis Taobaze simarTlis Tqma samagieros mizRvis an raime sxva SiSis
gamo? Tu diax, ra saxis situaciebi gagaxsendaT?
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[b],[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom SesaZlebelia pirovneba ganicdides intensiur Trobas, Tumca ar iyos gaTiSuli an jer
goneba ar hqondes dakarguli, da amave dros man icodes (an
unda icodes) Tu ras akeTebs?
[b],[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom alkoholis (narkotikebis)
intensiurma moxmarebam SesaZloa, savaraudod, pirovnebis
araracionaluri qceva gamoiwvios?
[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom alkoholis (narkotikebis)
intensiurma moxmarebam SesaZloa pirovnebas iseTi ram gaakeTebinos, risi gakeTebac mas sinamdvileSi ar surda?
[b],[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom alkoholi mxolod garkveul
SezRudvebs xsnis da sinamdvileSi araracionalur qcevas ar
iwvevs?
[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom SeuZlebelia pirovnebam imdeni alkoholi moixmaros, rom aRar icodes, ras akeTebs?
[b],[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom fizikuri dauZlurebis niSnebi
(magaliTad, koordinaciis nakleboba an areuli metyveleba)
erTaderTi saSualebaa imis dasadgenad, rom pirovnebis azrovnebis unarze gavlena alkoholis (narkotikebis) moxmarebam
iqonia? romeli sxva saSualeba gaxsendebaT?
[b],[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom alkoholikis (narkomanis)
mier wlebis ganmavlobaSi alkoholis (narkotikebis) intensiurma moxmarebam SesaZloa misi saRad azrovnebis unari daaqveiTos?
[b],[d] gjeraT Tu ara, rom pirovneba, romelic alkohols
(narkotikebs) moixmars, garemoebebisda miuxedavad, pasuxs
unda agebdes sakuTar qmedebebze?
[d] ras fiqrobT saxelmwifos mier im mowmeebis gamoyenebaze, romlebsac am saqmeSi brali ar aqvT wayenebuli, magram,
romlebmac SesaZloa saxelmwifosgan xelsayreli pirobebi
miiRon sakuTar sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebTan mimarTebaSi?
[d] ras fiqrobT saxelmwifos praqtikaze, rodesac is
garkveuli danaSaulis CadenaSi braldebulebs sTavazobs saproceso SeTanxmebis (Semcirebuli sasjelis SeTavazeba) gaformebas sasamarTloSi Cvenebis micemis sanacvlod, im sxva
braldebulis winaaRmdeg, romelsac imave danaSaulis CadenaSi edeba brali?
[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom, radgan mowme saxelmwifos sasargeblod aZlevs Cvenebas, igi simarTles ambobs?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom kriminalebma SesaZloa moityuon, raTa saxelmwifosgan ukeTesi garigeba (an Semcirebuli sasjeli) miiRon?
[d] rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad savaraudoa, rom braldebulma, romelsac misi Cvenebis sanacvlod saproceso SeTanxmebas uformeben, motyuebiT daadanaSaulos vinme danaSaulis CadenaSi, raTa sakuTari sasjeli Seimciros?
[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom, radgan saxelmwifo xelsayrel pirobebs sTavazobs kriminals, romelic sxva pirovnebis
winaaRmdeg aZlevs Cvenebas, aseTi Cveneba yovelTvis marTali
iqneba?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom rodesac braldebuli, romel-
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149
[b] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom msxvili korporaciebis finansuri da sabuRaltro praqtikis saxelmwifos mxridan regulireba Zalze mkacria, arasakmarisad mkacria Tu rogoric
saWiroa, zustad iseTia?
[b] raime uaryofiTi damokidebuleba xom ar gaqvT samarTaldamcavi organoebis TanamSromelTa mier saidumlo
agentebis gamoyenebis mimarT, rodesac isini sajaro Tanamdebobis pirebs sajaro korufciis saqmeebis gamoZiebisas ukavSirdebian?
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[b] ras fiqrobT im pirebze, romlebic politikuri kandidatebis kampaniebisTvis didi odenobis Tanxebis mobilizebas
axdenen?
[b] ras fiqrobT biznes subieqtebis im praqtikaze, rodesac isini saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis pirebTan socialuri an
politikuri kavSirebis mqone pirovnebebs qiraoben kanonebze
da/an regulaciebze gavlenis moxdenis mizniT?
[d] miiCnevT Tu ara cxovrebiseul kanonad im faqts, rom
adamianebis warmatebuli kariera imazea damokidebuli, Tu vis
icnoben isini?
[d] aramarTebulad migaCniaT Tu ara, rodesac adamianebi
maTi politikuri, socialuri an biznes kavSirebis Tu megobrobis Sedegad finansur sargebels iReben?
[d] marTebulad migaCniT Tu ara, rodesac pirovneba kompaniis mier saxelmwifosTan kontraqtis warmatebiT dadebaSi
gaweuli daxmarebisTvis Sesabamis kompensacias iRebs?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom samarTaldamcavi organoebis
TanamSromlebi ufro maRal moralur standartebs unda akmayofilebdnen, vidre sxva adamianebi?
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[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom sajaro moxeleebi ufro maRal moralur standartebs unda akmayofilebdnen, vidre sxva
adamianebi?
[d] saerTo jamSi, ras fiqrobT parlamentis an mTavrobis
wevrTa eTikisa da patiosnebis Sesaxeb?
[b],[d] rogoria Tqveni Sexedulebebi politikosTa da sajaro moxeleTa Sesaxeb?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom politikosebi da sajaro moxeleebi zogadad sando an arasandoni arian?
prokuroris/advokatis mxridan protestis gamoTqma
[b],[d] sasamarTlo procesis mimdinareobisas me zogjer
gamovTqvam protests procesualur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT
da sasamarTlo gadawyvets, ramdenad safuZvliani iqneba gamoTqmuli protesti. es Cemi samuSaos nawilia. raime problema xom ar geqnebaT am gamoTqmul protestTan dakavSirebiT?
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[b],[d] Tqveni azriT, romeli mniSvnelovani faqtorebi gansazRvravs, Cvenebis micemisas pirovneba simarTles ambobs Tu
ara?
[b],[d] gaiTvaliswinebdiT Tu ara mowmis qcevis maneras
imis Sesafaseblad, igi simarTles ambobs Tu ara?
[b],[d] mowmis Cvenebis simarTlis dadgenis mizniT, gaiTvaliswinebdiT Tu ara imas, Tu ra SeiZleba man Cvenebis micemis
sanacvlod miiRos?
[b],[d] mowmis Cvenebis sandoobis dadgenisas, ramdenad
mniSvnelovania imis gaTvaliswineba, rom mowmeebi Cvenebis micemis sanacvlod raime sargeblis miRebas elian?
[b] sxva mowmeebTan SedarebiT ufro metad Tu nakle-
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[b],[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom fsiqikuri janmrTelobis specialistebis mosazrebebi mxolod subieqturi Sexedulebebia,
romlebic seriozul doneze gaTvaliswinebas ar imsaxurebs?
ramdenime braldebuli
[d] saqmeSi ramdenime braldebulis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi,
daijerebdiT Tu ara, rom erT-erTi braldebulis damnaSaveobis SemTxvevaSi, isini yvela damnaSaveebi unda iyvnen?
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[d] yofilxarT Tu ara iseTi incidentis momswre, rodesac policiis oficrebma gamoiyenes Zala vinmes dapatimrebis an sxvagvarad dakavebis mizniT?
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[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom garkveul garemoebebSi TviTmxilveli mowmis mexsiereba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra moxda, SesaZloa ar iyos zusti? SegiZliaT Tu ara momiyvanoT
zogierTi garemoeba, Tu rodis SeiZleba TviTmxilvelma mowmem dauSvas gulwrfeli Secdoma imasTan mimarTebaSi, rac
momxdarTan dakavSirebiT axsovs?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom zogierTma policielma sasamarTloSi Cvenebis micemisas SesaZloa icruos an simarTle
damalos?
[d] sxva mowmeebis CvenebebTan SedarebiT, policielTa
Cvenebebs ufro metad, naklebad Tu Tanabrad damajereblad
miiCnevT.
gansaxilveli mtkicebuleba
[b] sasamarTloze warmodgenili iqneba faruli Canawerebi,
romlebic am saqmeSi braldebulis saubrebs (am saqmis konkre-
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[b] SeikavebdiT Tu ara Tavs raimes gamo aseTi mtkicebulebebis gaTvaliswinebisgan, rodesac braldebulis damnaSaveobasa Tu udanaSaulobaze imsjelebdiT?
[b],[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom abortis garkveuli saxe SesaZloa kanonieri iyos, da mainc, nebismieri aborti moralurad miuRebelia?
[b] ras fiqrobT danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis faruli gamoZiebisas faruli video da audioCanawerebis gamoyenebasTan
dakavSirebiT?
[b],[d] aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, ra pirobebSi/garemoebebSi CaTvlidiT marTebulad orsulad myofi qalbatonis
mier abortis moTxovnas?
[d] braldebis mxare warmoadgens audioCanawerebs, romlebic TiTqos [braldebuli]-is mxridan garkveul danaSaulebriv
saqmianobaze uTiTebs. Tu Tqven nafici msajuli iqnebiT, SeZlebT Tu ara yuradRebiT mousminoT da gaiTvaliswinoT zustad is, Tu ra iTqmeba am CanawerebSi, da ara ubralod
migeRoT prokuroris axsna-ganmarteba imis Taobaze, Tu ras
exeboda mosmenili saubari?
[b],[d] Tu gecodinebaT, rom pirovnebas aborti aqvs gakeTebuli, rogori grZnobebi dageuflebodaT mis mimarT?
[b] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom kerZo saubrebis faruli Canawerebi pirad cxovrebaSi Carevaa, romelic ar unda iyos
nebadarTuli garemoebebisda miuxedavad?
[b] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom TvalTvali an kerZo sakuTre-
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gaxmaurebulia an is cnobil pirovnebas exeba, policia saWiroze swrafad moqmedebs braldebulis dapatimrebis mizniT?
[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom zogjer politikis an sazogadoebrivi zewolis Sedegad, policiam SesaZloa saWiroze
swrafad imoqmedos pirovnebis dapatimrebis mizniT?
[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis farglebSi damnaSave adamianebi sakmarisze advilad
gaurbian marTlmsajulebas da sasjels, romlebsac imsaxureben?
[d] zogadad, ras fiqrobT sisxlis samarTlis specializaciiT momuSave advokatebze da maT eTikasa da patiosnebaze?
[b] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom yvela kanoni mkacrad unda Sesruldes maTi Sedegebisda miuxedavad?
[b] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom Cveni sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sistema unda Seicvalos, raTa is ukeTesi gaxdes?
Tu diax, romel cvlilebebs gulisxmobT?
daskvniTi SekiTxvebi
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom mniSvnelovania Tqvens Sexedulebas miemxroT? ratom?
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Sesavali sityva34
saqmis Sesavali sityva _ es aris sasamarTlo procesis
is etapi, rodesac prokurori/advokati axdens pirvel STabeWdilebas mosamarTlis winaSe an aZlierebs nafic msajulTa
SerCevis dros ukve mopovebul STabeWdilebas nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobis winaSe. gaiTvaliswineT, rom amisaTvis Tqven
mxolod erTi Sansi gaqvT. STabeWdileba, romelsac Tqven Sesavali sityvis dros moaxdenT, mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs
gahyvebaT mTeli sasamarTlo procesis ganmavlobaSi. Sesavali
sityva aseve, aris Tqveni pirveli SesaZlebloba, uTxraT
mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs, Tu ras exeba saqme. is sasamarTlo procesis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nawilia da guldasmiT unda iyos momzadebuli. samwuxarod, Sesaval sityvas
xSirad ar aqceven saTanado yuradRebas, rogorc sasamarTlo
procesis nawils, radgan mas ar axasiaTebs danarCeni oTxi
aspeqtis msgavsi momxibvleloba.
Sesaval sityvaSi Tqven ganaviTarebT saqmis Temas, romelsac
Semdgom sasamarTlo procesis mimdinareobisas ganagrZobT da
daamuSavebT. TemaSi Tqven unda CaaqsovoT Sesabamisi faqtebi,
romlebic Tqvens mxares sasurvel verdiqts moutans. Sesavali sityva warmoadgens did suraTs, romelic saSualebas
aZlevs mosamarTles da nafic msajulebs TqvenTvis swori
perspeqtividan dainaxon mtkicebulebebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, mowmis Cveneba.
am etapze erTi mniSvnelovani ram unda vicodeT. Sesavali
sityva ar unda Seicavdes raime yalb an SecdomaSi Semyvan
gancxadebebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras gviCvenebs faqtebi. aseTi
praqtika ara mxolod araeTikuria, aramed, rodesac simarTle
gamoaSkaravdeba Tqven mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebis TvalSi damajereblobas dakargavT. prokuroris/advokatis yvelaze
mniSvnelovani atributi misi damajereblobaa da Tu is ikar34 momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da
Targmani ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
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Temisa da Semdgom ambis gadmocemisas, prokurorma/advokatma unda gamoavlinos sakuTari enTuziazmi saqmis mimarT.
Sesavali sityva warmoTqmuli unda iyos damajereblad da
energiulad, rac yvelas auwyebs, rom prokuroris/ advokatis
pozicia ara mxolod marTalia, aramed mas sakuTari poziciis
sjera kidec. saukeTeso faqtebi da Temac ki ver daarwmunebs
mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs, Tu prokurori/advokati Tavis
saqmeSi rwmenis demonstrirebas ver SeZlebs. karg prokurorebs/advokatebs erTi kargi devizi aqvT: `Cven veliT am
saqmeSi gamarjvebas, radgan Cven marTalni varT.~ miuxedavad
amisa, gaxsovdeT, rom Sesavali sityva ar aris argumentaciis
stadia, romlis droc procesis bolos dgeba. garda amasa,
marTalia, Tqveni devizi unda iyos is, rom Tqveni pozicia
marTalia, magram realurad Tqven arasodes unda TqvaT `vfiqrob, braldebuli damnaSavea~ an `piradad me mimaCnia, rom
braldebuli udanaSauloa~. Tqvens mosazrebebs mniSvneloba ar aqvs; mniSvnelovania mtkicebulebebi. Tqven SegiZliaT
TqvaT: `sasamarTlo procesis dasasruls mtkicebulebebiT
dadasturdeba, rom braldebuls ar Caudenia is danaSauli,
romlis CadenaSic brals sdeben~ an `sasamarTlo procesis
dasasruls mtkicebulebebiT dadasturdeba, rom yovelgvar
gonivrul eWvs miRma braldebulma petre nemsaZe mokla~.
ambavi/Teoria
ambavi, es ubralod saqmis Teoriaa, anu sxvagvarad rom
vTqvaT, Tqveni mxaris versia imasTan dakavSirebiT, `Tu ra
moxda sinamdvileSi~. is unda iyos martivi, logikuri da
SesabamisobaSi unda modiodes saqmeSi arsebul faqtebTan da
samarTlebriv moTxovnebTan.
sasamarTlo procesi ramdenime mcire ambisgan Sedgeba. arc
erTi mowme mTlian ambavs ar mohyveba, igi mxolod ambis im
nawilze isaubrebs, romelic misTvis aris cnobili. Sesaval
sityvaSi advokati warmoTqvams mTlian ambavs, romelic im
mcire ambebs efuZneba, romlebzec mowmeebi isaubreben. Sesavali sityva mosamarTles aZlevs saSualebas aRiqvas mTliani
suraTi da TiToeuli mowmis mcire ambavi konteqstualurad
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warmatebuli Sesavali sityvis mesame elementi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom is martivad da logikurad unda iyos organizebuli. savaraudod, prezentaciis organizebis saukeTeso gza
misi qronologiurad gadmocemaa, radgan adamianTa umravlesoba ambis mosmenas swored ase icnobs da amjobinebs. aseTi
saxiT warmodgenili Sesavali sityva ufro martivia gadmosacemad (prokurorisTvisac/advokatisTvisac) da gasagebad
(msmenelisTvisac).
Sesavali sityvis Semdegi elementi mdgomareobs mosamarTlis/nafic msajulTa gafrTxilebaSi, Tu ras unda elodon
isini Semdgom. mosamarTlisTvis/nafic msajulTaTvis miniSneba imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli Cveneba iqneba mniSvnelovani,
aZlierebs msmenelTa molodins da amaxvilebs maT yuradRebas
sasamarTlo procesis am stadiaze. qvemoT mocemulia amis
magaliTi:
`braldebis mxare qeTevans gamoiZaxebs. yuradRebiT usmineT mis Cvenebas, rom TiTqos man bankis mZarcvelSi giga
amoicno. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcieT imas, Tu dRis
ra monakveTi iyo da sad idga qeTevani.~
zemoaRniSnulis Sedegad mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs
gauCndaT molodini, rom mowmis mier bankis mZarcvelSi Tqveni klientis amocnoba garkveul problemebTan iqneba dakavSirebuli. yuradReba miaqcieT imasac, rom advokatma Tavisi
klienti ara braldebulad, aramed misi saxeliT moixsenia.
braldebis mxare yovelTvis Seecdeba moaxdinos braldebulis depersonizacia misi braldebulad moxseniebiT, maSin,
rodesac dacvis mxare yovelTvis Seecdeba Tavisi klientis
humanizebas, rogorc wesi, misi saxeliT moxseniebiT. isev da
isev, gaxsovdeT Tqveni damajerebloba, ar gaazviadoT is, Tu
ras ityvian Tqveni mowmeebi da rogor moaxdenT mowinaaRmdege
mxaris mowmeTa Cvenebebis impiCment.
efeqturoba
efeqturi Sesavali sityva ar aris Zalian grZeli, magram
yvela arsebiT elements Seicavs. rekomendebulia Sesavali
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misaRebi
miuRebeli
manqana 45-kilometrian
SezRudvis zonaSi daaxloebiT
80 kilometriT saaTSi
siCqariT moZraobda.
amas dro sWirdeba, magram gamocdili prokurori/advokati advilad mixvdeba, Tu romeli argumenti unda gaaprotestos Sesaval sityvaSi da ra aris misaRebi.
kvlavac aRsaniSnavia, rom Sesaval sityvaSi prokuroris/
advokatis piradi Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb saubari yovelTvis
miuRebelia. Sesaval sityvaSi miuRebelia iseTi frazebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa: `me mjera~, `vfiqrob~, `me vici~ an `Cven
gvjera~. amasTan, es ara mxolod Sesaval sityvas, aramed
procesis nebismier stadiasac exeba. analogiurad, daskvniTi
sityvac ar unda Seicavdes gancxadebebs prokuroris/advokatis Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb. advokatma unda ikamaTos imis
Sesaxeb, Tu raze uTiTebs mtkicebulebebi, da ara Tavis pirad
mosazrebebze, radgan mosamarTleebi da nafici msajulebi gadawyvetilebebs mtkicebulebebze dayrdnobiT iReben.
2. nu gaazviadebT mtkicebulebebis mniSvnelobas
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, prokuroris/advokatis damajerebloba misi yvelaze Zvirfasi iaraRia. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
Tavis Sesaval sityvaSi prokurori/advokati mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs amcnobs, rom moyvanili iqneba garkveuli mtkicebulebebi da amas procesis ganmavlobaSi adgili ar eqneba,
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Tu prokurori/advokati saqmeSi sisustis aRiarebas gadawyvets, es misi Sesavali sityvis SuaSi unda gakeTdes.
sisustiT dawyeba an dasruleba mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs kargad amaxsovrdebaT, maSin roca sisusteze saubari
Sesavali sityvis SuaSi mis gulwrfelobasac usvams xazs
da sisustiT miyenebul ziansac amcirebs. adamianebi Sesavali
sityvis dasawyisSi an bolos gadmocemul saqmis pozitiur
aspeqtebs ufro imaxsovreben, vidre sityvis SuaSi naxseneb
uaryofiT sisusteebs.
5. Sesavali sityvis Sinaarsi
qvemoT mocemuli struqturuli modeli prokurors/
advokats Sesavali sityvis wardgenaSi daexmareba:
1. Sesavali (Tema);
2. waradgineT saqmeSi arsebuli mxareebi;
3. warmoadgineT saqmeSi gaTamaSebuli scenari:
a. sad moxda?
b. rodis (TariRi)?
g. ra dros (dRis monakveTi)?
d. rogori amindi iyo? (Tu es mniSvnelovania)
4. mohyeviT ambavi;
5. ra sakiTxi unda gadawyvitos mosamarTlem/naficma msajulebma;
6. romelia braldebulis damnaSaved an udanaSaulod cnobis safuZvlebi.
am sqemis gamoyeneba prokurors/advokats daexmareba Camoayalibos Sesavali sityva, romelic efeqturad gadmoscems
faqtebs da mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs gaacnobs mtkicebulebebs, romlebic misi rwmeniT unda iyos daSvebuli.
6. unda warmoTqvaT Tu ara Sesavali sityva
es ar aris SekiTxva braldebis mxarisaTvis; braldebam
Sesavali sityva aucileblad unda warmoTqvas. Tumca, dacvis
mxare ar aris valdebuli igive gaakeTos. zogadad, dacvis
mxaris mier Sesavali sityvis gamotoveba kargi azri ar aris.
mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs ar ecodinebaT Tqveni saqmis
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Sesavali sityva35
(mkvlelobis saqmeebze)
qvemoT moyvanili sakiTxebi efuZneba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis marTlmsajulebaSi arsebul praqtikas da qarTvel mkiTxvels SesaZloa ucxod moeCvenos is unarebi da regulaciebi, rac ganxilulia
xsenebul masalaSi, Tumca, saxelmZRvanelos SemdgenelTa azriT, maTi
warmatebiT gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi dRes ukve SesaZlebelia. ufro
metic, momavalSi saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis
Sedegad, es sakiTxebi ufro metad aqtualuri gaxdeba braldebisa da
dacvis mxarisTvis.
braldebis mxare
mkvlelobis saqmeebis sasamarTlo ganxilva TiTqmis ar
gansxvavdeba sxva sasamarTlo ganxilvebsagan. prokuroris Sesavali sityva iseTive STambeWdavi unda iyos, rogorc filmis
anonsi (Treileri). Cveulebriv saukeTeso anonsi potenciur
auditorias filmis yvelaze mniSvnelovan momentebs uCvenebs,
yuradRebas ipyrobs, da, saboloo jamSi, mTliani filmis
naxvis survils aRuZravs.
braldebis mxaris Sesavali sityva ar unda iwyebodes
imgvarad, rom nafic msajulebs momxseneblis ignorirebisaken
ubiZgos (`qalbatonebo da batonebo, rasac axla mogaxsenebT, mtkicebuleba ar aris, es gaxlavT saqmis martivi monaxazi. pirvel rigSi oficer smits moviwvev, romelic mogiTxrobT~...). Tuki mosamarTle nafic msajulebs miuTiTebs,
35
`rogor gamoviZioT mkvlelobis saqme~, maikl d. uimsi, jek b.
rabini da Carlz ambrosi, pirvelad gamoica amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
mier. saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011).
Targmani, gamocema da gavrceleba ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
Targmnis saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS.
2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia. dauSvebelia winamdebare gamocemis
teqstis nawilobrivi, an mTliani Secvla amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
saavtoro uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis werilobiTi Tanxmobis
gareSe; misamarTi; 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta:
copyright@abanet.org.
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nawyvetebi daniel petroCelis Sesavali sityvidan, romelic
Setanilia wignSi Joel J. Seidermann, In the Interest of Justice, Great Opening and
Closing Arguments of the Past 100 Years, 6-7 (2004).
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ki, miuTiTebdes msajulebs, rom prokuroris saqmeSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba `denTis kvalian pistolets~ miaqcion.
(`brenda mkvdaria, maS, saidan unda gavigoT, rom is braldebulma mokla? gTxovT, Zalian didi yuradReba miaqcioT
teqnologiebis eqspertis, doqtor brus mileris Cvenebas~).
es gancxadeba ar aiZulebs msajulebs daaskvnan, rom doqtori
mileri braldebuls mkvlelad cnobs, anda braldebulis damnaSaved cnobis garda sxva alternativa ar eqneba; amis nacvlad ubiZgebs msajulebs Tavad gaakeTon sakuTari daskvnebi,
romlebic SeiZleba ukve gakeTebulic aqvT. amgvarad, msajuli
interesiT daelodeba teqnologiebis eqspertis Cvenebas da
gonebaSi gauxardeba, rodesac doqtori mileris Cveneba faqtobrivad daadasturebs mis sakuTar daskvnebs.
zogjer yvelaze efeqtur gamosvlebs musikalur kreSendos adareben, romelic TandaTanobiT zrdis tonalobas da
intensivobas Sesavali sityvidan daskvniT sityvamde. kidev
ufro Sesaferisi analogi SeiZleba iyos sforcando, sadac
Tavdapirvelad musikalur notze Zlieri aqcentis gakeTeba
xdeba, Semdeg ki misi Semcireba saboloo dasrulebamde. Sesavali sityvac swored notis quxilisebur dasawyiss hgavs.
Semdeg bgeris (mtkicebulebis) tonaloba mcirdeba tonis
centrisaken, vidre saboloo notamde ar daiwyebs zrdas
(daskvniTi sityva).
Sesavali sityva Zalian frTxilad, mxolod yvela mtkicebulebebis detaluri Seswavlis Semdeg unda moamzadoT.
amasTan, Sesavali sityva mxolod daskvniTi sityvis momzadebis Semdeg unda moamzadoT. im saqmeebTan mimarTebaSi, sadac sasjels nafici msajulebi ufardeben, Sesavali sityva
sasjelis sityvis momzadebis Semdeg unda moamzadoT. Tuki
es kontraintuitiurad mogeCvenebaT, gaiTvaliswineT Semdegi
sakiTxebi:
maSin, rodesac yvela an umetesi daskvniTi sityvebisa ZiriTadad im mtkicebulebis detalur mimoxilvas unda moicavdes, romelsac efuZneba mTavari sakiTxi (brali, an Seracxadoba), Sesavali si-
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aucileblad unda auxsnaT Tqvens klients, rom advokatisa da klientis urTierTobis Sinaarsi saidumloa da,
rom igi ar unda esaubros aravis sxvas mis saqmeze. auxseniT
Tqvens klients, Tu ra moxdeba im dRes sasamarTloSi. auxseniT mas, rom im etapze gWirdebaT mxolod is informacia, rac
im etapze arsebuli sakiTxis mogvarebaSi _ savaraudod, mis
gaTavisuflebaSi dagexmarebaT. auxseniT mas, rom Tqven Zalian
gainteresebT masTan saubari, rom Zalian bevri kiTxva gaqvT,
magram axla Zalian cota dro gaqvT amisTvis.
qvemoT ixileT nimuSi: advokatis saubari klientTan maTi
urTierTobis dasawyisSi:
batono X, me gaxlavarT _________ , Tqveni advokati.
ai, Cemi savizito baraTi, sadac aris Cemi sakontaqto informacia. sul Tan iqonieT es baraTi, rom yovelTvis SeZloT
CemTan dakavSireba, roca dagWirdebaT. pirvel rigSi minda
giTxraT, rom Cveni urTierTobis Sinaarsi saidumloa. iciT,
es ras niSnavs? (mieciT saSualeba gipasuxoT, Tu mas surs).
es imas niSnavs, rom Cven gansakuTrebuli urTierToba gvaqvs.
Tqven SegiZliaT miTxraT yvelaferi, rogorc Tqvens advokats da me ar maqvs ufleba vinmes vuTxra Tqveni naTqvmi,
Tqveni nebarTvis gareSe. aseTi gansakuTrebuli urTierToba
Tqven aravisTan ar gaqvT, arc im pirebTan, visTan erTadac
cixeSi sxedxarT, arc SeyvarebulTan, arc ojaxis wevrebTan.
Tu Tqven saqmesTan dakavSirebiT Cem garda vinme sxvas rames
etyviT, an sxvebis TandaswrebiT ityviT rames, es adamianebi SeiZleba iZulebulebi iyvnen sasamarTloSi miscen Cveneba
imis Sesaxeb, rac Tqvengan gaiges. mniSvnelovania, rom Tqven
seriozulad moekidoT am privilegirebul urTierTobas, raTa
daicvaT sakuTari Tavic da Tqveni sayvareli adamianebic. es
Tqven gicavT imdenad, ramdenadac Tqven iciT, rom SegiZliaT
yvelaferi miTxraT da rom is, rasac Tqven metyviT, saidumloa. Tqven sayvarel adamianebs rac Seexeba, Tu maT sasamarTloSi daibareben da hkiTxaven, ra ician am saqmis Sesaxeb, isini SeZleben gulwrfelad upasuxon, rom Tqven uTxariT, Tu
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gamokiTxvisas gamosayenebeli kiTxvebis sakontrolo CamonaTvali: `samodelo~ anda `idealuri~ gamokiTxva aris informacia imis Sesaxeb, rac advokatma unda miiRos klientisagan, imisaTvis, rom mxarem srulyofilad waradginos saqme
sasamarTlo procesze, aucilebelia man gamokiTxvis etapze
miiRos sruli informacia klientisagan.
xSirad arsebuli pirobebi pirvelad gamokiTxvaSi qvemoT
CamoTvlili yvela sakiTxis mimoxilvis SesaZleblobas ar
iZleva. aseT SemTxvevaSi, kiTxvebi biografiuli monacemebisa
(ganaTleba, samxedro samsaxuri, samuSao gamocdileba, ojaxuri mdgomareoba, janmrTelobis mdgomareoba) da gamoZiebis
detalebis Sesaxeb SesaZlebelia momdevno gamokiTxvebisaTvis
gadadoT.
41
klientis gamokiTxvisaTvis gamosayenebeli kiTxvebis sakontrolo
CamonaTvalis gamoyenebis uflebis moniWebisaTvis madlobas vuxdiT amerikis
samarTlis instituts. teqstis Sesworeba da qarTul enaze Targmna uzrunvelyo
`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI)
saqarTvelos ofisma.
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(-mde)
ojaxuri mdgomareoba:
[ ] dasaojaxebeli
[ ] ganqorwinebuli
[ ] qvrivi
[ ] daojaxebuli: oficialurad [ ] araoficialurad [ ]
meuRle/partniori:
saxeli:
misamarTi:
telefoni:
samuSao adgili:
samsaxuris tipi:
damsaqmeblis saxeli:
damsaqmeblis misamarTi:
damsaqmeblis telefonis nomeri:
Svili (Svilebi):
saxeli: asaki:
saxeli: asaki:
mSoblebi/da-Zma
klientis mama:
saxeli: samsaxuri:
calke sacxovrebeli [ ] avadmyofoba [ ]
calke sacxovreblis SemTxvevaSi:
misamarTi:
telefoni:
klientis deda:
saxeli: samsaxuri:
calke sacxovrebeli [ ] avadmyofoba [ ]
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mosamarTlis saxeli:
sasamarTlos ganaCeni (damnaSave an udanaSaulo;):
sasjelis zoma:
sasjelis Sefardebis TariRi:
advokatis saxeli:
misamarTi:
telefonis nomeri:
sasjelis xangrZlivoba:
dawesebuleba:
sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis nomeri:
probaciis, anda pirobiT vadaze adre gaTavisuflebis
TariRi: -dan: -mde:
probaciis, an pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis pirobebis
darRvevisaTvis ganmeorebiT dakaveba:
probaciis oficris, anda pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis
oficris saxeli:
meored dakavebis TariRi:
darRvevis Sedegad wayenebuli brali:
gadawyvetileba:
ixdida Tu ara klienti probaciis, an pirobiT vadamde
gaTavisuflebis periods dakavebis procesSi?
probacia, an pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufleba:
zemoT CamoTvlili romeli bralis gamo (miuTiTeT nomeri):
dakavebis momentSi xom ar mimdinareobda saqmi warmoeba
klientis winaaRmdeg?
(miuTiTeT zemoxsenebul warmoebaSi myofi saqmis nomeri):
dakavebis momentSi klienti romelime iurisdiqciis Tanaxmad xom ar iZebneboda dakavebis mizniT?
iurisdiqcia (amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis praqtika):
brali:
saidan aqvs klients informacia mis winaaRmdeg warmoebuli Zebnis Sesaxeb:
samarTaldamcavi uwyebis saxelwodeba (Tu cnobilia):
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nivTieri mtkicebulebebi42
nivTieri mtkicebulebaa is sagani, dokumenti, nivTiereba
an sxva obieqti, romelic warmoSobiT, aRmoCenis adgiliTa
da droiT, niSan-TvisebebiTa da masze darCenili kvaliT dakavSirebulia sisxlis samarTlis saqmis faqtobriv garemoebasTan da SeiZleba danaSaulis aRmoCenis, damnaSavis dadgenis
an braldebis uaryofis Tu dadasturebis saSualeba iyos.
karg nivTmtkicebas mosamarTleze/nafic msajulebze uaRresad
Zlieri efeqtis moxdena SeuZlia. mas SeuZlia iseTi saxiT
warmoaCinos sakiTxi, rac ubralod Cvenebis micemiT SeuZlebeli iqneboda. magaliTad, im pirovnebis foto, vinc sikvdilamde scemes, gacilebiT dramatulia, vidre mxolod imis
aRwera, Tu rogor gamoiyureboda dazaralebuli. cxrili
SesaZloa Seicavdes informacias, romlis aRqmac ufro advilia, vidre mowmis mier cifrebis an saxelebis grZeli siis
CamoTvla. iseTi dokumentebis SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa werilebi, sabanko angariSebi da a.S. mowmesTan SedarebiT damajereblobis xarisxi gacilebiT didia, radgan isini ar cruoben
da maT ar aqvT mexsierebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi, Tu
ra Tqma unda, isini ar Secvales. rogorc wesi, nafici msajulebi dokumentebs ufro eyrdnobian, vidre mowmis Cvenebebs,
Tu orive erTsa da imave informacias exeba.
nivTmtkicebebis upiratesoba aseve imaSi mdgomareobs, rom
mosamarTlis an nafici msajulebis yuradReba im sakiTxze
Cerdeba, romelzec prokurori/advokati msjelobs, maSin, rodesac es mowmis CvenebiT Zalian iSviaTad miiRweva. zepir
CvenebasTan erTad nivTmtkicebis gamoyeneba prokurors/advokats saSualebas aZlevs informacia ori formiT gadasces.
rogorc winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi zemoT iyo aRniSnuli,
fsiqologiurma eqsperimentma daadastura, rom erTdroulad
42 momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da
Targmani ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
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1. moniSneT nivTmtkiceba
aucileblad moniSneT nivTmtkicebebi. magaliTad, `bral-
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debis nivTmtkiceba #1~. mniSvneloba ar aqvs, cifrebs gamoiyenebT Tu asoebs, mTavaria Tqven, mowinaaRmdege mxarem da
mosamarTlem icodeT, raze saubrobs mowme, rodesac garkveul
nivTmtkicebaze uTiTebs. idealur SemTxvevaSi, moniSvna sasamarTlo sxdomamde unda ganxorcieldes. maSin amis gakeTeba
ufro advilic aris da mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs uqmnis
STabeWdilebas, rom Tqven momzadebuli xarT. sasurvelia,
nivTmtkicebebi im TanmimdevrobiT moiniSnos, ra TanmimdevrobiTac, Tqveni azriT, maT procesze waradgenT.
2. uCveneT nivTmtkiceba mowinaaRmdege mxaris warmomadgenels
sasamarTlo sxdomaze prokurorma/advokatma warmodgenili nivTmtkiceba mowinaaRmdege mxares unda uCvenos, sanam
misi mtkicebulebad daSvebis process daiwyebdes. es Tqvens
mowinaaRmdege mxares aZlevs saSualebas survilis SemTxvevaSi gamoTqvas nebismieri saxis protesti. amis Semdeg mowinaaRmdege mxares unda misceT gonivruli vada nivTmtkicebis
Sesaswavlad.
`me vuCveneb dacvis nivTmtkicebas __.~
3. sTxoveT mosamarTles mowmesTan miaxloebis nebarTva
saqmeTa umravlesobaSi prokurorma/advokatma nivTmtkiceba mowmes unda gadasces. Tu es aucilebelia, man mosamarTlisgan nebarTva unda aiRos, raTa mowmes miuaxlovdes. es
aris Tavazianoba, romelic mosamarTlis mier sasamarTlo
darbazis kontrols aRiarebs. nebarTva Semdegi saxiT unda
iyos moTxovnili:
`SeiZleba mowmes mivuaxlovde? ~
4. uCveneT nivTmtkiceba mowmes
nafici msajulebisTvis nivTmtkicebis Cvenebamde is mtkicebulebad unda iyos daSvebuli. naficma msajulebma ar
unda naxon dauSvebeli mtkicebulebebi. imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom es ar moxdes, sasamarTlos nivTmtkiceba mtkicebulebad daaSvebineT.
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safuZvlis momzadeba
safuZvlis momzadeba imis dadgenas gulisxmobs, rom nivTmtkiceba avTenturia da rom is WeSmaritad is aris, rasac
mxare amtkicebs. amis Sesasruleblad sami moTxovna arsebobs.
(1) mowme kompetenturi unda iyos, raTa is ganixilos.
sxva sityvebiT rom iTqvas, mowme nivTmtkicebas unda
icnobdes da masze msjeloba SeeZlos.
(2) rogorc yvelaferi sxva sasamarTlo procesis mimdinareobisas, is relevanturi unda iyos.
(3) is namdvili (utyuari) unda iyos.
qvemoT mocemulia safuZvlis momzadebis magaliTi. momdev-
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1. fizikuri nivTmtkiceba
es kategoria iseT nivTebs moicavs, rogoricaa iaraRebi,
narkotikebi, tansacmeli, an nebismieri sxva ram, rac fizikuri nivTia.
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2. sailustracio mtkicebuleba
es iseTi nivTmtkicebaa, romelic raime konkretul nivTs
gamoxatavs, magram TviTon es nivTi ar aris. aseTi saxis
mtkicebuleba dasaSvebia, rogorc arsebiTi mtkicebuleba.
mtkicebulebis am saxeobis magaliTebia fotoebi, maketebi,
rukebi, profesiuli naxazebi an kompiuteruli grafika.
3. werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi
es aris dokumentebi, rogoricaa werilebi, Tamasuqebi
da kontraqtebi. am dokumentebis dasaSvebad, rogorc zemoT
mocemul magaliTSi iyo naCvenebi, unda dadgindes maTze arsebuli xelmowerebis wyaro, raTa dokumentebis utyuaroba
dadasturdes.
4. Canawerebi
aq saubaria Cveulebrivi biznes saqmianobis dros Seqmnil dokumentaciaze, rogoricaa korporatiuli qaRaldebi,
sabanko da sxva saxis Canawerebi. es SeiZleba moicavdes kompaniebis korespondencias, angariSebs da finansur angariSebs,
angariS-faqturebs da gzavnilebTan dakavSirebul dokumentebs, satelefono amonawerebs, Cekebs an nebismier sxva
dokuments, romelsac konkretuli biznesi awarmoebs.
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cvlileba ganicada. qvemoT mocemuli Cveneba zemoT miTiTebuli mkvlelobis saqmes exeba. grZeldeba policielis dakiTxva, romelic ukve Cvenebis micemis procesSi iyo.
k: rodesac danaze Tqveni inicialebi dasviT, mere ra
moimoqmedeT?
p: me is polieTilenis konteinerSi Cavde da davluqe.
k: SegiZliaT plombi aRweroT, romelic gamoiyeneT?
p: es standartuli plombi iyo, romelsac departamenti
iyenebs. Cveni plombis gaxsna misi gatexvis gareSe SeuZlebelia. me aseve plombze xeli movawere, raTa im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
mas vinme gaxsnida, Cemi xelmowera ar SeecvalaT.
k: daluqvis Semdeg sad waiReT?
p: is TbilisSi, policiis mTavar sammarTveloSi mivitane
da specialur macivarSi movaTavse, sadac iseT nivTmtkicebebs
vinaxavT, romlebic gril temperaturas moiTxovs. me iq myofi
morige oficrisgan qviTari miviRe.
k: da ratom macivarSi?
p: imitom, rom vicodi, danaze arsebul sisxlze analizebi
unda Catarebuliyo da sisxlis nimuSebi gril temperaturaze
unda inaxebodes, raTa analizebi srulfasovnad Catardes.
amis Semdgom prokurori policiis eqspert-qimikoss, q-n
Tamar CixlaZes gamoiZaxebs. misi, rogorc sisxlze analizebis
CatarebaSi sertificirebuli qimikosis uflebamosilebisa da
gamocdilebis dadasturebis Semdeg, daiwyeba misi dakiTxva.
k: 2010 wlis 6 oqtombers imyofebodiT Tu ara policiis
mtkicebulebaTa oTaxSi TbilisSi, policiis mTavar sammarTveloSi?
p: diax.
k: iq ratom mixvediT?
p: mtkicebulebebis oTaxis gamge oficrisgan miviRe
satelefono zari, rom sisxlSi amosvrili dana axali mitanili iyo da undodaT, rom am sisxlze analizi Cametarebina.
k: rodesac dana naxeT, ra mdgomareobaSi iyo is?
p: is Senaxuli iyo polieTilenis daluqul konteinerSi,
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romelic plombze xelmowerili iyo vinme grigol sarjvelaZis mier. danis taric da piric sisxlSi iyo amosvrili.
k: ra mdgomareobaSi iyo konteineri, raime dazianebis niSnebi xom ar etyoboda?
p: ara.
k: rodesac konteineri aiReT, sad waiReT is?
p: policiis laboratoriaSi.
k: da laboratoriaSi misvlis Semdeg ra gaakeTeT?
p: me plombi avxseni da danis tarisa da piris sxvadasxva
adgilidan sisxlis nimuSebi aviRe.
k: TiToeuli nimuSi cal-calke daaxarisxeT?
p: diax, zustad aRvniSne, Tu TiToeuli nimuSi danis ra
adgilidan iyo aRebuli. isini aseve davnomre 1-dan 10-mde,
raTa aTive aRebuli nimuSi mekontrolebina.
k: sad waiReT dana mas Semdeg, rac Tqveni nimuSebi aiReT?
p: me is polieTilenis axal konteinerSi movaTavse, davluqe da plombze xeli movawere.
k: da sisxlis nimuSebze ra saxis analizebi CaatareT?
p: TiToeuli nimuSi imis dasadgenad gavsinje, sisxlis
erTsa da imave jgufs Seicavda Tu ara.
k: da ra daadgineT?
p: davadgine, rom danaze sisxlis jgufis ori saxeoba iyo.
erTi iyo `o~ dadebiTi, xolo meore ki `ab~ dadebiTi.
k: analizis dasrulebis Semdeg nimuSi sad waiReT?
p: TiToeuli nimuSi calke polieTilenis parkSi movaTavse, davluqe da plombze xeli movawere.
k: Tqveni analizebis Catarebis dasrulebis Semdeg dana da
sisxlis nimuSebi sad waiReT?
p: dana policiis mTavari sammarTvelos macivarSi davabrune, xolo sisxlis nimuSebi policiis laboratoriis
macivris erT-erT ganyofilebaSi Sevinaxe.
am mowmis Cveneba zemoT xsenebul jaWvs asrulebs. man
daadastura, rom Tan hqonda policielis mier konteinerSi
moTavsebuli dana da rodesac man procedura daasrula, dana
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bas #2. Tu SeiZleba nivTmtkiceba #2 SeiswavleT da rodesac daasrulebT, mosamarTles moaxseneT, ra aris is.
p: es aris WavWavaZis gamziris teritoriis fotosuraTi
atenisa da ramiSvilis quCebs Soris.
k: zustad da obieqturad asaxavs Tu ara es fotosuraTi
imas, Tu rogor gamoiyureboda es teritoria 2010 wlis 14
ivliss?
p: diax.
k: moviTxov mtkicebulebad iqnes daSvebuli dacvis nivTmtkiceba #2.
Tqven SeniSnavdiT sxvadasxva nabijs, romlebic advokatma
ganaxorciela. pirvel rigSi man daadgina mowmis kompetencia,
rom mas SeeZlo fotosuraTze aRbeWdil adgilTan dakavSirebiT Cvenebis micema. rodesac advokatma mowmes nivTmtkiceba
pirvelad uCvena, mas is ukve saTanadod moniSnuli hqonda
sakuTari amocnobisa da sasamarTlo Canawerebis miznebisTvis.
amis Semdeg man mowmes sTxova daedasturebina, rom fotosuraTi zustad da obieqturad asaxavda teritoriis mdgomareobas
konkretuli TariRisTvis. mxolod da mxolod amis Semdeg
iTxova advokatma nivTmtkicebis mtkicebulebad daSveba. sxva
sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, nivTmtkicebebTan dakavSirebiT prokurorma/advokatma pirvel rigSi dasaSvebobisTvis safuZveli
unda moamzados, sanam nivTmtkicebis romelime konkretul
nawilTan dakavSirebiT SekiTxvebs dasvamdes, magaliTad imis
Sesaxeb, Tu sad idga mowme. safuZvlis momzadebis Semdeg
prokurorma/advokatma marTebulad iSuamdgomla sasamarTlos
winaSe mtkicebulebis dasaSvebad cnobis Taobaze da amis Semdeg daiwyo dakiTxva.
naxazis SemTxvevaSi procesi igive iqneboda. aucilebeli
ar aris, rom naxazis an fotosuraTis avtori mowme iyos.
mTavaria, rom is zustad da obieqturad asaxavdes konkretul TariRze arsebul adgils, sadac da ra drosac danaSauli
iyo Cadenili.
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audio da videoCanawerebi
zogierT saqmeSi warmodgenili iqneba audioCanawerebi,
rogoricaa faruli Canaweri (audio an video), satelefono
Canaweri da a.S. arsebobs garkveuli qmedebebi aseTi saxis
Canawerebis mtkicebulebis saxiT dasaSvebad. sxva SemTxvevaSi isini dauSveblad iqneba cnobili. prokurorma/advokatma, romelic Canaweris mtkicebulebad daSvebas iTxovs, unda
daadginos, rom Caweris dros Camweri mowyobiloba gamarTulad muSaobda, rom mas kompetenturi piri amuSavebda, rom
is mTliani saubris ganmavlobaSi gamarTulad muSaobda, rom
mowmem gaigona an dainaxa yvelaferi, rac firze aRibeWda, Semdeg Canaweri Semowmda imis dasadastureblad, rom yvelaferi
zustad da srulad iyo Cawerili, Semdeg firi saTanadod
inaxeboda, raTa gamoricxuli yofiliyo raimes damateba,
Secvla an waSla, da rom mowmes SeuZlia CanawerSi mosaubre pirovnebebis xmebisa da videofirze aRbeWdili pirovnebebisa da mdebareobis identificireba. zogierT SemTxvevaSi
Canaweris avTenturobis dadgenas SesaZloa erTze meti mowme
dasWirdes.
sasamarTlo sxdomaze mTliani Canaweris gaSveba aucilebeli ar aris im pirobiT, rom mowinaaRmdege mxares Canaweris
sruli versia gadaeca da mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi informirebulni arian imis Sesaxeb, rom sxdomaze Semoklebuli
versia iqneba gaSvebuli. aseT SemTxvevebSi, mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZlia firis is nawilebi gauSvas, romlebic gamotovebuli iyo da romlebic, misi azriT, sasargebloa da Canawers
saTanado konteqstSi warmoaCens.
am saxelmZRvanelos miznebisTvis, gamosayenebeli swori
meTodis sademonstraciod erTi mowme iqneba gamoyenebuli.
k: oficero zviad lomiZe, SexvdiT Tu ara braldebuls
2010 wlis 20 dekembers?
p: diax.
k: es Sexvedra xom ar CagiweriaT?
p: diax.
S: ra saxis Camweri mowyobiloba gamoiyeneT?
p: `soni M327~ miniaturuli Camweri.
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dauSvebeli mtkicebulebebi
arsebobs garkveuli SemTxvevebi, rodesac prokurori/advokati gamoiyenebs nivTmtkicebas, romlis dasaSveb mtkicebulebad cnobis Sesaxeb moTxovna ar aris aucilebeli. es SesaZloa iyos cxrili an diagrama, romelsac mxare Sesavali an
daskvniTi sityvis dros gamoiyenebs. magaliTad, man SesaZloa
movlenaTa qronologia warmoadginos, raTa mosamarTles/nafic
msajulebs imis ukeT aRqmaSi daexmaros, Tu garkveul movlenebs rodis hqonda adgili da maTi yuradRebac Sesabamisad am
movlenaze SeaCeros. es SesaZloa iyos diagrama kriminaluri
sawarmos Sesaxeb, sadac naCvenebi iqneba ZiriTad moTamaSeTa
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pirdapiri dakiTxva43
SeinarCuneT simartive
realurad es aris sakiTxi, romelic Tqven yvela prezentaciis dros unda gaiTvaliswinoT. mowmem bevri ram icis,
magram mniSvnelovani mxolod ramdenime maTgania. mowmis CvenebaSi yuradReba mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze unda gaamaxviloT
da naklebad mniSvnelovani gamotovoT. Tu mowmes yvelafers
aTqmevinebT, rac icis, mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs SesaZloa
mobezrdeT an SeiZleba isini sulac daibnen imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra aris mniSvnelovani. magaliTad, TaRliTobis
Sesaxeb saqmeSi, savaraudod, araviTari mniSvneloba ar eqneba
imas, Tu erT-erT adamians TeTri perangi ecva Tu lurji, an
mziani dRe iyo Tu wvimda. es exeba TariReba da dros, zogi
mniSvnelovania da zogi _ umniSvnelo. ase rom, mxolod im
sakiTxebze moaxdineT koncentracia, rac mniSvnelovania. es
Cvenebas naklebad damabnevels da ufro efeqturs gaxdis. aravis surs usminos Cvenebas, romelic dausruleblad iweleba,
radgan msmeneli fiqrobs `netav rodis gadava mniSvnelovan
sakiTxze.~ zogadad, adamianis yuradReba 15-30 wuTis Semdeg
ifanteba. Tqveni mowmis momzadebisas unda SeZloT usargeblo
masalis gacxrilva da Tqveni SekiTxvebis ise formulireba,
rom mxolod mniSvnelovani informacia iyos gadmocemuli.
Semadgeneli elementebi
mowmis pirdapiri dakiTxva gacilebiT metia, vidre ubralo SekiTxva `Tu SeiZleba moaxseneT mosamarTles, ra moxda
2010 wlis 14 ivlisis Rames.~ Tqven, rogorc prokurorma/
advokatma unda gadawyvitoT, Tu mowmis Cvenebis romeli nawilia mniSvnelovani da romel nawilze gsurT yuradRebis
gamaxvileba. prokurorma/advokatma sakuTari Tavi mwerlad
unda warmoidginos, da Tu rogor SeuZlia mas, miawodos ambavi mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs saukeTeso gziT, raTa maT
SeZlon igrZnon da dainaxon, Tu ra moxda sinamdvileSi.
43 momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da
Targmani ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
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prokurorma/advokatma es situacia kontrolis qveS, Senelebul moqmedebaSi unda warmoaCinos. prokurorma/advokatma mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs unda miawodos TiToeuli
detali da xazi gausvas maT mniSvnelobas saqmisaTvis. amis
Semdeg prokurorma/advokatma unda dasvas kiTxvebi TiToeuli
braldebulis aRweris mizniT, imis Sesaxeb, agrZelebdnen Tu
ara isini srolas (Tu ase iyo), ra mimarTulebiT mirbodnen,
Casxdnen Tu ara manqanaSi da moZraobda Tu ara es manqana rusTavelis gamzirze gadaWarbebuli siCqariT. sxva sityvebiTrom
vTqvaT, prokurorma/advokatma mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs
unda daanaxos, Tu ra moxda. am teqnikis efeqturad warmoCenisTvis aucilebelia, rom mowmis sasamarTlo procesisTvis
momzadebisas mas xazgasmiT ganumartoT, rom kiTxvebs usminos
da mxolod imas upasuxos, ris Sesaxebac ekiTxebian.
isaubreT martivi eniT
es gafrTxileba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rodesac
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo tardeba. Tqven unda uzruvelyoT, rom maT gaigon Tqveni SekiTxvebi da mowmis pasuxebi. zogierT prokurors/advokats da mowmes hgonia, rom
isini ubralo da pirdapiri sityvebis nacvlad didi, rTuli
sityvebis an frazebis gamoyenebiT adamianebze STabeWdilebas
axdenen. es ar aris marTali da metic, es msmenels yuradRebas akargvinebs. prokurorma/advokatma Tavis mowmeebs maTi
momzadebis dros unda miuTiTos, rom maT martivi eniT isaubron da Tavi Seikavon iuridiuli Jargonisagan an teqnikuri
terminologiisgan, Tu amis saWiroeba ar dgas. Tu mowmem
unda gamoiyenos teqnikuri terminebi, raTa, magaliTad, mecnieruli eqsperimentis Sedegebi aRweros, darwmundiT, rom
terminebis ganmarteba maTi gamoyenebisTanave moxdes. arc erT
mosamarTles/nafic msajuls ar surs uxerxulad igrZnos
Tavi imis gamo, rom ar esmis Tu raze saubrobs mowme, da es
maT aRizianebs. metic, prokurori/advokati CvenebiT verafers
daamtkicebs, Tu mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs araferi esmiT.
qvemoT mocemulia magaliTebi imisa, Tu ra unda gavakeToT
da ra _ ara.
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gaZlevT, rac gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa TqvenTvis. magaliTad: `Tqven TqviT, rom bankis mZarcvelebi Tavis manqanaSi
Casxdnen da iseTi siswrafiT gaqandnen, rom quCaSi kinaRam or
moxuc qalbatons daejaxnen. romeli mimarTulebiT moZraobdnen isini?~ SekiTxvis pirvel nawilSi Tqven mosamarTles/
nafic msajulebs SeaxseneT, rom bankis mZarcvelebi kinaRam
or moxuc qalbatons daejaxnen.
mieciT mowmes axsnis SesaZlebloba
Tu mowme ityvis raimes, rac gaugebaria, an gamoiyenebs
termins, romlis mniSvnelobac Tqveni azriT mosamarTlem/
naficma msajulebma SesaZloa ar icodnen, Tqven mas pasuxi
unda aaxsnevinoT. es ise unda gakeTdes, rom mowmes ar Sercxves an ise ar gamoCndes, TiTqos man ar icoda raze saubrobda,
raTa misi damajerebloba eWv qveS ar dadges. magaliTad,
damabneveli pasuxis Semdeg SegiZliaT ikiTxoT: `ukacravad,
pasuxis es nawili ver gavige, Tu SeiZleba amixseniT.~ an,
teqnikuri terminis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, `Tqven gamoiyeneT
abreviatura `dnm~ ra igulisxmeba masSi?~ mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi madlierni iqnebian imisaTvis, rom nebismieri
gaugebroba aRmoifxvras da teqnikuri termini ganimartos.
gamoiyeneT nivTieri mtkicebulebebi faqtebis Sejamebis mizniT
mTel rig faqtebze muSaobisas prokurorma/advokatma
unda gaiTvaliswinos nivTieri mtkicebulebebis, maT Soris,
cxrilebis, sqemebis naxazebis gamoyeneba. es gansakuTrebiT
exeba SemTxvevebs, rodesac saqmeSi didi raodenobis saxelebi
an cifrebi figurirebs, rac SesaZloa damabneveli da mosabezrebeli iyos. analogiurad, danaSaulis Cadenis adgilis aRwerisas sasargeblo iqneboda diagramis gamoyeneba, romelzec
miTiTebuli iqneboda sxvadasxva adgili. aRniSnuli nivTmtkicebebis gamoyeneba mowmis ambavs gacilebiT aRqmads gaxdis. Cvens magaliTze, diagramaze asaxuli unda iyos quCa,
romelzec banki iyo ganTavsebuli, adgili, sadac mowme idga,
mimarTuleba, saiTkenac mZarcvelebi gaiqcnen da a.S. rogorc
ukve aRvniSneT, nivTieri mtkicebulebebis, cxrilebisa da di-
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
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sagrZnoblad gasuqda.
an
kiTxva: b-no daviT, miiCqarodiT Tu ara rusTavelis
gamzirze 14 ivliss, daaxloebiT 10 saaTze?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: ratom?
pasuxi: eqimTan vizitze magviandeboda.
Tu gadawyvitavT saqmeSi arsebuli susti mxaris aRiarebas, es unda gaakeToT mowmis Cvenebis SuaSi, rac nakleb
STabeWdilebas tovebs mosamarTleze/nafic msajulebze, vidre
maTi gamoaSkaraveba Cvenebis dasawyisSi an dasasruls.
daskvna
mowmis pirdapiri dakiTxva unda dasruldes Zlierad. magaliTad, Tu mowme braldebulia, maSin bolo kiTxva unda
iyos:
kiTxva: dabolos, b-no daviT, Tqven gaZarcveT banki, ris
CadenaSic brali gedebaT?
pasuxi: araviTar SemTxvevaSi!
an
kiTxva: dabolos, q-no mowmev, sruliad darwmunebuli
xarT, rom vinc Tqven 2010 wlis 14 ivliss dainaxeT bankidan
gaqceuli iaraRiT xelSi, braldebuli iyo?
pasuxi: diax, darwmunebuli var.
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ToT eqspertis yvelaze relevantur kvalifikaciebze. eqspertis daskvnis Sesaxeb yvela kiTxvebi winaswar unda ganisazRvros da eqspertis gamocdileba da eqspertiza aRiniSnos
saTanado formiT.
eqspertis daskvnebi damajereblad unda aixsnas da am
daskvnebis safuZvlebi ganimartos naTlad da martivad, gasagebi formiT. Tuki SesaZlebelia, grafikebi, diagramebi da
sxva damxmare sademontracio saSualebebi unda iyos gamoyenebuli prezentaciebis ufro sainteresod warmosadgenad. gansakuTrebiT sasargeblo iqneba, Tu Cvenebis bolos, garkveuli
saxis Semajamebeli grafiki iqneba gamoyenebuli nafici msajulebisTvis eqspertis daskvnebis Sesaxseneblad.
mTavari Tema
eqspertis pirdapir dakiTxvas, ra Tqma unda, aqvs faqtebis
damdgenis Tqveni klientis sasargeblod darwmunebis mizani.
magram am miznis qveS Tqven yovelTvis unda moiazrebdeT
konkretuli eqspertis mxridan TqvenTvis Cvenebis micemis
moTxovnas mtkicebulebis Sesaqmnelad.
Tuki samecniero, teqnikuri da sxva specializebuli codna daexmareba faqtebis Semfasebels mtkicebulebis gagebaSi
an faqtebis gansazRvraSi, eqspertad kvalificrebulma mowmem,
codnis, unarebis, gamocdilebis, momzadebis an ganaTlebis
safuZvelze, SeiZleba Cveneba misces daskvnis an sxva saxiT,
Tu (1) Cveneba saTanado faqtebs da monacemebs emyareba, (2)
Cveneba sarwmuno principebis da meTodebis Sedegia da (3)
mowmem gamoiyena saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesabamisi
principebi da meTodebi.
aucilebelia, rom eqsperts hqondes daskvnis misaRebad
saWiro adekvaturi safuZvlebi, romlis Sesaxebac man Cveneba
unda misces. samecniero CvenebisTvis, es SesaZloa moicavdes
imis dadasturebas, rom eqsperti flobs adekvatur codnas konkretul sferoSi an ganaxorciela kvleva am sferoSi. arasamecniero CvenebisTvis Tqven unda moaxdinoT imis
demonstrireba, rom eqsperts aqvs sakmarisi gamocdileba an
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Cvenebis Sinaarsi
Tqveni eqspertis pirdapiri dakiTxvisTvis mosamzadeblad
ramdenime momenti unda gaiTvaliswinoT:
Tqven eqsperts aucileblad unda gaacnoT misi dakiTxvis gegma, raTa man icodes Tu ra sakiTxebs moicavs,
ra faqtebi dadgindeba da ra signalebs gamoiyenebT
Cvenebis mimarTulebis samarTavad.
eqsperti unda daikiTxos imitirebul garemoSi imave
stiliT, rasac is gamoiyenebs sasamarTloSi. kiTxvebi
unda dalagdes imave TanmimdevrobiT, rogorc warmodgenili iqneba sasamarTlo ganxilvisas, magram unda
gadmoices sxvagvari teqstiT, ise rom saubars spontanuri saxe hqondes.
eqsperts unda SeeZlos axsnas da ganmartos nebismieri
teqnikuri termini, romelsac gamoiyenebs sasamarTloSi. es cnebebi unda Seesabamebodes teqnikur leqsikonebs da sxva miTiTebiT masalebs.
Tqven unda ganixiloT eqspertis Teoriebi detalurad
da warmoadginoT yoveli kuTxiT. eqspertis Teoriebi ar unda iyos mxolod sicocxlisunariani, aramed
STabeWdileba unda moaxdinos mosamarTlesa da nafic
msajulebze Tavisi gulwrfelobiT da erTiani midgomiT.
Tqven unda moamzadoT eqsperti, raTa man SeZlos mis
kvalifikaciasTan dakavSirebul kiTxvebze pasuxis
gacema.
Tqven aseve unda ganumartoT eqsperts, ramdenad detaluri unda iyos misi pasuxebi.
nebismieri realuri da sademonstracio mtkicebulebebi detalurad unda iqnes ganxiluli, aseve is kiTxvebic, romlebic Tqven SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT dasadastureblad.
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gadmocemis stili
eqsperts efeqturad unda hqondes kontaqti mosamarTlesTan da nafic msajulebTan. warmogidgenT ramdenime rCevas.
eqsperti:
unda warmodges stendTan komfortulad da ara gaSeSebuli;
frTxilad unda iyos, rom ar gamovides mfarvelis
rolSi;
unda ecados, isaubros pirdapir, naTeli da martivi
terminebiT;
unda ecados iyos pozitiuri da mtkice, magram ara
zedmetad Tavdajerebuli;
unda SeinarCunos profesiuli qceva, nerviuli manerebis gareSe;
unda Caicvas akuratulad da situaciis Sesaferisad;
unda mimarTos mosamarTles da nafic msajulebs da
sakmarisad xmamaRla imisTvis, rom maT gaigon naTqvami.
Tqveni eqspertis pirdapiri dakiTxva
kvalifikaciis damtkiceba
arsebobs Tqveni eqspertis kvalifikaciis damtkicebis ori
ZiriTadi strategia _ tradiciuli midgoma da kumulatiuri
midgoma.
tradiciuli midgoma
tradiciuli midgoma iTvaliswinebs iseTi Cvenebis
warmodgenas, romelic aRwers yvela diploms, sertifikats,
licenzias, publikacias, profesiul wevrobas da sakvalifikacio
gamocdilebas, romelic eqsperts odesme miuRia. Tavidanve
kvalifikaciebis CamoTvlis es meTodi yvelze usafrTxoa da,
rogorc wesi, unda gamoiyenoT Tuki eqspertis kvalifikaciis
gasaCivrebis realuri Sansi arsebobs.
rodesac irCevT tradiciul strategias an amas
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praqtikuli miniSneba
eqspertis ganaTlebis Sesaxeb detalebis warmodgenisas,
ikiTxeT zustad asaxavs es Tqven ganaTlebasa da
kvalifikacias?~ mas Semdeg rac mowme dageTanxmebaT, Tqven
SegiZliaT ganagrZoT Semdegi fraziT, modiT, axla gadavideT
Tqvens samuSao gamocdilebaze~.
Semdeg waikiTxeT eqspertis samuSao gamocdilebis aRwera,
maT Soris funqciebi da movaleobebi konkretuli poziciisTvis
da daasruleT Semdegi kiTxviT, Cem mier wakiTxuli nusxa
detalurad asaxavs Tu ara Tqvens profesiul gamocdilebas?~
Tqven Semdeg SegiZiaT ganagrZoT imave stilSi sxvadasxva
kategoriis gamocdilebasTan mimarTebiT, romelsac efuZneba
eqspertis kvalifikacia. TiToeuli kategoriis warmodgenis
Semdeg mowmis CarTva arRvevs mTeli avtobiografiis kiTxvis
monotonurobas.
am midgomis kidev erTi upiratesobaa is, rom Tqven zrdiT
eqspertis Cvenebis zegavlenas imis gansazRvriT, rom eqsperti
kvalificirdeba konkretul sakiTxebze daskvnis momzadebaSi.
kumulatiuri midgoma
kumulatiuri midgoma moicavs eqspertis kvalifikaciebis
Tavdapirvel mimoxilvas, romelic Semdeg ivseba damatebiTi
detalebiT, radganac Cveneba viTardeba ZiriTad sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT. mosamarTle da nafici msajulebi afaseben am
midgomas, radganac amiT izogeba dro da amasTan, SenarCunebulia
interesi. avtobiografiis kiTxvis monotonuroba SesaZloa
Semcirdes kvalifikaciis sxvadasxva kategoriis wakiTxviT da
mowmisgan garkveuli CarTvebis warmarTviT.
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mokled gadmocema
rogorc wesi, pirdapiri dakiTxvis saukeTeso strategiaa
sakiTxze swrafi gadasvla. eqspertis kvalifikaciis dadgenis
Semdeg Tqven unda ganagrZoT kiTxvebiT imis warmosaCenad, Tu
ratom moiwvieT es eqsperti.
k: eqimo smit, ganixilavT Tqvens Tavs paTologiis eqspertad?
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p: diax, asea.
k: Cven gvinda Tqveni daskvna movisminoT am saqmesTan dakavSirebiT. mogvawvdiT Tqven daskvnas gonivruli samedicino
albaTobiT?
p: ra Tqma unda.
k: sanam Tqven daskvnaze gadavalT. msurs, mokled gesaubroT Tqveni ganaTlebisa da momzadebis Taobaze. xom mogvawodeT Tqveni avtobiografia, es asea?
ecadeT Tqveni gamosvla iyos mokle, naTeli da swrafi,
imis gamotovebis gareSe, rac SesaZloa gamodges eqspertis
daskvnis safuZvlebis gansamartad. mokled gadmocema
aucilebelia, radganac Tqvenma eqspertma gavlena unda
moaxdinos da Tqven ar unda gsurdeT am gavlenis Semcireba
zedmeti detalebis miwodebiT. zedmetoba SesaZloa mosawyeni
iyos nafici msajulebisTvis da wamoWras sakiTxebi, romlebic
ar iqneba xelmisawvdomi jvaredini dakiTxvisas. ufro metic,
sxva detalebi, romlebsac emyareba Tqveni eqspertis daskvnebi,
ufro STambeWdavi iqneba jvaredini dakiTxvisas kiTxvebze
pasuxis saxiT.
daskvnasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebis kontroliTa da
CarTvebiT Tqven naklebad ganapirobebT protests imasTan
dakavSirebiT, rom marTavT mowmes. ufro metic, momdevno
kiTxvebi kiTxvebisa da pasuxebis etaps warmoadgens naklebad
repeticiis formiT.
Tavmdabloba
eqspertis mxridan mcire Tavmdabloba kvalifikaciebis
aRwerisas kargad moqmedebs nafic msajulebze:
k: Tqven sikvdilis mizezebis damdgeni eqsperti xarT?
p: radganac cota ar iyos zedmetobaa ijde aq da
acxadebde, rom eqsperti xar, neba miboZeT gangimartoT, Tu
ras vgulisxmob eqspertSi. vgulisxmob adamians specialuri
gamocdilebiTa da codniT. rogorc aRvniSne, medicinis
doqtori var. specialuri momzadeba gaviare saeqsperto
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p: diax, gvaqvs.
k: gangvimarteT, ras vxedavT am slaidebze.
kompleqsuri sakiTxis ganxilvisas analogiebi saganmanaTleblo procesis mniSvnelovani nawilia.
k: aRwereT risgan Sedgeba sisxlis kolti.
p:koltis ori ZiriTadi komponenti arsebobs. trombocitebi individualuri Semadgeneli nawilebia da SeiZleba aRiweros rogorc agurebi aguris kedelSi. sisxlis koltis Txevadi nawili, romelic Sedgeba qimiuri nivTierebebisgan, badisgan. es iqneba, rogorc agurebis duRabi. is Tavdapirvelad
siTxea, magram Semdeg myardeba da qmnis duRabs, romelsac
fibrini ewodeba.
k: SegiZiaT ganumartoT nafic msajulebs, ra aris saeqsperto paTologia?
p: saeqsperto paTologia paTologiis erT-erTi mimarTulebaa, romelic sikvdilis gamomwvev mizezebs ikvlevs gvamebis SeswavliT. autofsias atarebs eqspert-paTologi saxelmwifos an ojaxis moTxovniT, rogorc wesi, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze da zogierT samarTlebriv sistemebSi samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeebzec. eqspert-paTologebs sTxoven
aseve gvamis identificirebas.
sityva saeqsperto (forensics) momdinareobs laTinuri
sityvidan forensis, rac forums niSnavs.
k: ra aris saeqsperto paTologi?
p: eqspert paTologi medicinis doqtoria, romelmac
momzadeba gaiara anatomiur paTologiaSi da specializacia
saeqsperto paTologiaSi.
srulad kvalificiuri~, eqspert-paTologisTvis arsebuli moTxovnebi gansxvavdeba qveynebis mixedviT. eqspert-paTologi, rogorc wesi, atarebs autopsias/sikvdilis Semdgom
gamokvlevas sikvdilis mizezebis dasadgenad. autopsiis Sesaxeb angariSi moicavs daskvnebs Semdeg sakiTxebze: paTologiuri procesi, dazianeba an daavadeba, romelic pirdapir
iwvevs an provocirebas uwevs mTel rig movlenebs, rac Tavis
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mxriv sikvdils ganapirobebs (aseve sikvdilis meqanizmad wodebuli), rogoricaa tyviiT miyenebuli Wriloba TavSi, sisxldena dartymiTi Wrilobis Sedegad, koronaruli arteriis
avadmyofobiT gamowveuli miokardiuli infarqti da sxva)
da sikvdilis forma, sikvdilTan dakavSirebuli garemoebebi,
romlebic samarTlebriv sistemaTa umravlesobaSi Semdegia:
mkvleloba;
sicocxlis mospoba gaufrTxileblobiT;
bunebrivi sikvdili;
TviTmkvleloba;
afeTqeba.
autofsia aseve sikvdiliT gamowveuli sxva sakiTxebis
garkvevis saSualebas, rogoricaa kvalis mtkicebulebebis Segroveba an daavadebulis identobis dadgena. ikvlevs da dokumenturad afiqsirebs Wrilobebs da dazianebebs, autofsiisas
da klinikur pirobebSi gamokvlevisas. agrovebs da mikroskopulad ikvlevs qsovilis nimuSebs (histologia) bunebrivi
daavadebis arsebobs an ararsebobis dasadgenad da sxva mikroskopiuli aRmoCenebisTvis, rogoricaa azbesturi sxeulebi
filtvebSi an asafeTqebeli nivTierebis kvali cecxsasroli
iaraRiT miyenebuli Wrilobis irgvliv.
agrovebs da ganmartavs sxeulis qsovilebis da fluidebis toqsikologiur analizs SemTxveviT dozis gadametebis
an ganzraxi mowamvlis qimiuri mizezebis dasadgenad.
eqspertis daskvna
dabolos, eqspertis daskvnis mTavar nawils. Tqven, pirvel
yovlisa, unda hkiTxo eqsperts, aqvs Tu ara mas daskvna da
Tu dadebiTad gipasuxebT, Tqven unda hkiTxoT daskvnis Sinaarsi:
k: Tqven momzadebaze, gamocdilebaze, kvelavaze da am
saqmesTan dakavSirebiT Tqveni mimoxilvis Canawerebze dayrdnobiT gaqvT Tu ara daskvna dazaralebulis sikvdilis mizezTan, akavSirebiT?
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p: diax, maqvs.
k: ra daskvna gaqvT?
p: gonivruli samedicino varaudis farglebSi vfiqrob,
rom is grdaicvala ventrikularuli fibrilaciiT. es riTmi
Canda kardiogramaze. da es gamowveuli iyo misi koronaruli
arteriis mZime daavadebiT, rac kargad aRweres paTologiaSi.
mas aReniSneboda mZime koronaruli aTerosklerozi or arteriaSi, maT Soris sasicocxlo arteriaSi. mas, savaraudod,
hqonda gamokveTili iSemia, romelic avtofsiisas fibroziT
dadasturda da am iSemiam gamoiwvia sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi
ariTmia.
k: ginaxavT Tu ara Tqveni karieris ganmavlobaSi amgvari
sikvdilis magaliTebi?
p: faqtobrivad yovelTvis amas vxedav. samwuxarod, Cven
amas vxvdebiT im adamianebSi, romlebmac ician, rom aqvT mZime
koronaruli daavadeba da maT emarTebaT iSemia da iRupebian.
da Cven amas vxvdebiT pacientebSi moulodneli mZime aTeroskleroziT.
eqsperti eyrdnoba faqtebs da monacemebs, romlebic misTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxda sasamarTlo ganxilvamde. ufro
metic, eqsperti SeiZleba daeyrdnos dauSvebel faqtebs an
monacemebs, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom isini gonivrulad
gasaTvaliswinebelia dasayrdnobi daskvnebis momzadebisas da
eqspertis mxridan am sferoSi Carevisas.
Tumca kanoni, Zala scildeba dokumenturi mtkicebulebis farglebs. is saSualebas aZlevs eqsperts TavianTi
daskvnebi daamyaron, magaliTad, aRunusxavi eqsperimentebis
Sedegebs, romelTa Sesaxebac maT gaiges sxva eqspertebTan sakiTxis ganxilvisas. sasamarTloebi farTo diskrecias
itoveben am sferoSi, magram isini xSirad gansxvavdeba eqspertis gadawyvetilebisgan wyaros sandoobis Sesaxeb, romelzec
isini TavianT daskvnebs afuZneben.
am wesis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos gareT gakeTebuli
gancxadebebi, romlebic gamoiricxa rogorc Wori, SesaZloa
mtkicebulebad iqnes daSvebuli eqspertis daskvnis safuZvlis demonstrirebis mizniT. faqtebisa da monacemebis far-
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ra ganixila eqspertma
pirdapiri dakiTxvisas mniSvnelovania informaciis yvela
im wyaros Sejameba, romlebic Tqvenma eqspertma ganixila
daskvnis gamotanamde. mniSvnelovania darwmundeT, rom Tqven
eqsperts yvela xelmisawvdomi Canaweri gadaeciT da arc erTi
ar darCenila gadadebuli an damaluli. es aseve miuTiTebs
imaze, rom eqsperti keTilsindisieria da daskvnamde mivida
xangrZlivi ganxilvis da Zalisxmevis Sedegad:
k: modiT, axla visaubroT im konkretul masalebze, rac
Tqven ganixileT am saqmesTan mimarTebiT. yvela Canawers gaecaniT rac xelmisawvdomi iyo msxverplTan dakavSirebiT?
p: me yvela im Canawers gavecani, rac gadmomeca. vfiqrob,
rom yvela xelmisawvdomi masala gadmomeca.
k: gadaxedeT autofsiis daskvnas?
p: diax.
k: gadaxedeT samedicino kvlevis samsaxuris Canawerebs?
p: diax.
k: gadaxedeT kardiogramas?
p: diax.
k: gadaxedeT policiisa da gamomZeblis Canawerebs?
p: diax.
k: gadaxedeT msxverplis samedicino anketas?
p: diax.
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diT, rom am produqtis dizainma ganapiroba momCivanis dazianebebi?~ rodesac Tqveni eqsperti dadebiT pasuxs gagcemT,
Tqven unda hkiTxoT, raSi mdgomareobs Tqveni daskvna?~ da
Semdeg, ra Tqma unda, moiTxovoT am daskvnis mxardamWeri
mizezebis ganmarteba.
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jgufebis winaSe leqciebis wakiTxvisa, maT Soris mwarmoebelTa winaSe da yvelaze popularuli naSromebi qveyndeba
biznes sazogadoebaSi popularul JurnalebSi.
maSinac ki, Tu Tqven eqsperts mxolod erT mxaris eqspertad procesSi monawileobis gamocdileba aqvs, mas aucileblad daukavSirdebobdnen meore mxaris warmomadgenlebi. aseTi
informaciis Tqvens sasargeblod gamosayeneblad Tqven unda
hkiTxoT eqsperts, daukavSirda Tu ara mas momCivani mxaris
warmomadgeneli. Semdeg Tqven SegiZliaT hkiTxoT, mas Semdeg
rac Tqven gadaeciT maT Tqveni daskvna da analizi, dagikavSirdnen isini rogorc eqsperts?~ rodesac mowme pasuxobs
aras, nafici msajulebisTvis es gzavnilia imis Taobaze, rom
advokatebs ar moswonT eqspertis daskvna, miuxedavad imisa,
rom aRiareben mis eqspertizas.
Tqven unda aCvenoT, rom Tqveni eqsperti mowinaaRmdegis
eqspertze kvalificiuria. es SesaZloa taqtianad ganxorcieldes:
k: SegiZliaT nafic msajulebs ganumatoT, riT gansxvavdeba Tqveni kvalifikacia da gamocdileba eqimi abaSiZisagan.
p: eqimi abaSiZe erovnuli saeqsperto biuros TanamSromelia srul staJze. is mTel Tavis dros saTao ofisSi atarebs. is eqsperti paTologia mxolod xuTi welia.
me gaxlavarT eqsperti paTologi ukve oci welia, vaswavli Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi da vaxorcieleb
autopsias bevr saqmeze, saxelmwifo organoebis da kerZo
pirebis dakveTiT evropis sxvadasxva qveynidan da yvelaze
rTul SemTxvevebSi.
k: aq warmodgenili iyo eqimi abaSiZis Cveneba imis Taobaze,
rom msxverplis sikvdilis mizezi iyo daxrCoba.
p: ar maqvs vinmes mimarT upativcemulobis gamoxatvis
ganzraxva, magram es gauazrebeli daskvnaa ramdenime mizezis
gamo.
k: ganagrZeT da agvixseniT.
Tqveni mowmis gamoyenebiT imis Sejameba, Tu ra marcxi
ganicada mowinaaRmdege mxarem Sesabamisi mtkicebulebis war-
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garsSi kapilarebis gawyvetiT. es movlena miuTiTebs msxverplsa da Tavdamsxmels Soris fizikur brZolaze.
k: msxverpls aReniSneboda mcire zomis laqebi?
p: ara.
k: kidev ra SeiZleba iyos?
p: xSirad aRiniSneba sasunTqi gzebis fizikuri dazianeba.
k: ra mdgomareobaSi hqonda msxverpls sasunTqi gzebi?
p: mTeli da dauzianebeli iyo.
k: daxrCobis mikroskopuli mtkicebuleba xom ar arsebobs?
p: ara.
k: arsebobs raime klinikuri mtkicebuleba imisa, rom
msxverpli daaxrCves? arsebobs raime paTologiuri mtkicebuleba imisa, rom msxverpli daaxrCves?
p: ara.
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jvaredini dakiTxva45
kinofilmebSi jvaredini dakiTxva sasamarTlo procesis
momxiblavi nawilia. es is adgilia, rodesac prokurori/advokati brwyinvaled gamoiWers meore mxaris ZiriTad mowmes, romelic aRiarebs, rom igi mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi cruobda
da mxolod axla ityvis simarTles. daiviwyeT, rameTu es ar
moxdeba. arasodes minaxavs es momxdariyo da arc aravis vicnob, visac unaxavs. rogorc winamdebare TavSi mogvianebiT detalurad iqneba ganxiluli, jvaredini dakiTxva ori mizniT
tardeba: (1) Tqveni saqmis TeoriisaTvis sasargeblo Cvenebis
miReba; da (2) mowmis an misi Cvenebis diskreditacia.
rogorc sasamarTlo procesis yvela sxva etapisaTvis,
aseve jvaredini dakiTxvisaTvis prokurori/advokati winaswar unda moemzados. prokurorma/advokatma yuradRebiT unda
gadaxedos TiToeuli mowmis manamde micemul Cvenebas an gakeTebul gancxadebebs da unda gaecnos nebismieri saxis mtkicebulebas. momzadebis gareSe prokurori/advokati ver SeZlebs mowmis impiCmentis warmatebiT ganxorcielebas Seusabamo gancxadebebis an im Cvenebis safuZvelze, romelsac sxva
mtkicebuleba ewinaaRmdegeba, rogoricaa biznes an sabanko
dokumentacia, eqspertTa angariSebi, a.S.
unda CaataroT Tu ara jvaredini dakiTxva
es SekiTxva am komponentSi yvelaze arsebiTi mniSvnelobisaa. uamravi prokurori/advokati atarebs jvaredin dakiTxvas imitom, rom, maTi azriT, maT es evalebaT. isini cdebian. arasworma jvaredinma dakiTxvam prokuroris/advokatis
pozicias SesaZloa ziani miayenos, an saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi
mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi gaaRizianos im SekiTxvebis dasmiT, romlebic saqmes arafers mateben. jvaredini dakiTxvis
Catarebamde unda hkiTxoT sakuTar Tavs, realurad ris miRw45 momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da
Targmani ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
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nia, prokurori/advokati, rogorc wesi, mas jvaredinad dahkiTxavs, radgan mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi amas moelian.
rogorc zemoaRniSnul magaliTSia mocemuli, jvaredini dakiTxvis farglebi SeiZleba asaxavdes konkretuli mowmis
mniSvnelobas an umniSvnelobas mxaris poziciisTvis.
(3)
iyo mowmis Cveneba damajerebeli?
zogierTi mowme sruliad daujerebel rames ityvis. magaliTad, mowmem Cvenebis micemisas ganacxada, rom 3 metris
simaRlis Robes gadaaxta, raTa mZarcvelebs gaqceoda. sxva
dros mowmis Cvenebas SeiZleba daupirispirdes imave prokuroris/advokatis sxva mowmeTa Cvenebebi. aseT situaciebSi
Cveneba ukve imdenad cudia, rom arafris gakeTeba aRar aris
saWiro. Tu Tqven SekiTxvebs dasvamT, mowmes SesaZloa mieces
Tavisi Cvenebis gamosworebis saSualeba, ase rom, ar misceT mas es Sansi. magaliTad, Tu prokurori/advokati dasvams
kiTxvas, marTla 3 metris simaRlis iyo Tu ara Robe, mowme
SeiZleba mixvdes, rom misi gancxadeba sasacilod JRerda da
Cvenebis gamosworebis mizniT ganacxados, rom mas wamoscda
da sinamdvileSi Robe mxolod metr-naxevari iyo simaRleSi.
sxva sityvebiT rom iTqvas, Tu mowmis Cveneba TqvenTvis sasargebloa, daanebeT mas Tavi da daskvniT sityvaSi aRniSneT,
Tu ra sasacilo iyo misi pasuxi.
(4) pirdapiri dakiTxvisas mowmem Tqva, Tu ara imaze naklebi,
vidre mosalodneli iyo?
zogjer (gacilebiT xSirad vidre ggoniaT) sasamarTlo
procesisaTvis arasaTanado momzadebis an mowmis Secdomis
Sedegad, romelsac prokurorma/advokatma yuradReba ar miaqcia, mowme gamotovebs (an prokurors/advokats aviwydeba
swori kiTxvis dasma) Tavisi Cvenebis mniSvnelovan nawils.
bevri gamoucdeli prokurori/advokati jvaredin dakiTxvas
swored gamotovebuli nawiliT iwyebs. amis Sedegad ki moxdeba mxolod is, rom mowmes miecema SesaZlebloba gamotovebuli masala daamatos an Tavis mxares misces saSualeba es
masala xelaxal pirdapir dakiTxvaze gaiaros.
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zogjer ki mowme an prokurori/advokati, rogorc gamarjvebis taqtikis nawili, ganzrax gamotovebs raimes im imediT,
rom mowinaaRmdege mxare mas jvaredin dakiTxvaze wamoswevs. rodesac es xdeba, Cveneba kidev ufro sazianoa, radgan
prokurori/advokati daskvniT sityvaSi aRniSnavs, rom saziano Cveneba ara misi, aramed mowinaaRmdege mxaris mier dasmuli
kiTxvebis Sedegad iyo miRebuli. Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare
Secdomas dauSvebs da mniSvnelovan masalas gamotovebs, ar
daexmaroT mas ise, rom am masalaze Tqven TviTon isaubroT.
(5) realurad risi demonstrireba SegiZliaT jvaredin
dakiTxvaze?
sasamarTlo procesamde Tqveni momzadebis etapze, hkiTxeT sakuTar Tavs, gaqvT Tu ara raime kargi iaraRi mowmis
winaaRmdeg. gaqvT Tu ara mowmis adrindeli gancxadebebi,
romlebic procesze mis mier micemul Cvenebas ewinaaRmdegeba?
gaqvT Tu ara raime dokumenti, rogoricaa sabanko an satelefono Canawerebi mowmesTan dasapirispireblad? Tu mowmem
damajerebeli STabeWdileba datova da mas verafriT SeewinaaRmdegebiT, SesaZloa jvaredini dakiTxva ar CaataroT an
CaataroT mokle dakiTxva umniSvnelo sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT imis saCveneblad, rom mowme jvaredinad dahkiTxeT. misi
Cvenebis yvela sakiTxs ar SeexoT, Tu ar fiqrobT, rom raime
mniSvnelovans miaRwevT. Tu pirvelad misi Cveneba TqvenTvis
saziano iyo, misi gameoreba kidev ufro uaresi iqneba.
(6) romel riskze wasasvlelad xarT mzad?
im sakiTxis gadawyveta, CaatarebT, Tu ara jvaredin dakiTxvas da ra farglebSi, damokidebuli unda iyos imaze, Tu
ramdenad Zlierad migaCniaT Tqveni pozicia. Tu Tqveni pozicia Zlieria da realurad migaCniaT, rom gaimarjvebT, maSin
SesaZloa jvaredin dakiTxvaze ufro konservatiulic iyoT
da Tqveni riskebi minimumamde SeamciroT. Tumca, Tu Tqveni
pozicia sustia, SesaZloa gariskoT da CaataroT jvaredini dakiTxva, radgan dasakargi isedac bevri araferi gaqvT.
zogjer sarisko jvaredini dakiTxvis Sedegad prokurors/
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pasuxi: diax.
bolo magaliTSi mocemuli mizezebisa da im mizezebis
gamo, romlebic mogvianebiT iqneba garCeuli, umjobesi iqneba,
Tu am etapze jvaredin dakiTxvas daasrulebT.
pirdapiri dakiTxvisgan gansxvavebiT, jvaredin dakiTxvaze
yuradRebis centrSi prokurori/advokati eqceva. mimaniSnebeli kiTxvebis gamoyeneba erT-erTi gzaa, riTic prokurori/
advokati yuradRebas iqcevs da sakuTari gancxadebebis mniSvnelobas usvams xazs. mimaniSnebeli kiTxvebi aseve mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebis yuradRebas amaxvilebs prokuroris/
advokatis Teoriaze, anu am SemTxvevaSi im mosazrebze, rom
mowme Zalian mTvrali iyo imisTvis, rom braldebuli sworad amoecno. prokurori/advokati faqtis Sesaxeb gancxadebas
akeTebs da mis Taobaze mowmes iTanxmebs.
jvaredini dakiTxvis dros prokurorma/advokatma ZiriTad
sakiTxze gadasvlamde mokle, faqtobrivi gancxadebebiT unda
gaikvalos gza, ase rom, ar SeecadoT ZiriTadi sakiTxi erTi
SekiTxviT dafaroT. dakiTxvis mizania mowmis CixSi mimwyvdeva, sadac mas sxva gza ar eqneba, garda imisa, rom Tqvens
ZiriTad sakiTxs daeTanxmos an ise gamoCndes, rom cruobs.
Tu Tu mas CixSi moamwyvdevs pirvelive SekiTxviT SeecdebiT, mowme migixvdebaT, Tu saiTken midixarT da Tavs aaridebs
im pasuxis gacemas, romelsac moeliT. qvemoT mocemul magaliTSi braldebuls mkvlelobis CadenaSi edeba brali. advokats surs daamtkicos, rom mowmes saerTod ar daunaxavs, Tu
ra moxda. Tu advokati ikiTxavs `Tqven ar daginaxavT mamakaci,
romelsac TiTqos b-ma WeliZem esrola, asea Tu ara?~, mowme
daiwyebs mtkicebas, rom dainaxa. Tumca, Tu advokati sakiTxs
nel-nela, mokle SekiTxvebis seriiT miudgeba da dadebiT
pasuxebs miiRebs, mowme advokats misTvis sasurvel pasuxs
gascems.
kiTxva: TqvenTvis cnobilia Tu ara WavWavaZis gamzirze
arsebuli gadakveTis Sesaxeb, atenisa da ramiSvilis quCebs
Soris?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: Tqven am ubanSi mravaljer giseirniaT, ase ar
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aris?
pasuxi: mgoni.
kiTxva: garda amisa, Tqven am monakveTs yoveldRe gadixarT samsaxurSi rodesac midixarT da iqidan brundebiT?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: Tqven manamde iq mokluli aravin ginaxavT, ara?
pasuxi: ara.
kiTxva: 14 noemberi Cveulebrivi dRe iyo, ara, ubralod
diliT da saRamos odnav ufro cioda?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: WavWavaZeze avtomanqanebis sacobi saRamos 5 saaTze Cveulebriv gamoiyureboda?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: xdeboda Tu ara raime iseTi, rac Tqvens yuradRebas miipyrobda da gansxvavebuli iqneboda, vidre Tqveni sxva
uamravi seirnobis dros trotuaris am monakveTze?
pasuxi: ara.
kiTxva: Tqven samsaxuridan saxlSi brundebodiT, ara?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: samsaxurSi kargi dRe gqondaT?
pasuxi: mgoni, Cveulebriv ramdenime problema mqonda, magram araferi seriozuli.
kiTxva: ase rom, Tqven fiqrobdiT imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra
moxda dRis ganmavlobaSi da rogor gadageWraT zogierTi es
problema?
pasuxi: SesaZloa, Tumca zustad ver vixseneb.
kiTxva: ase rom, pirveli uCveulo ram, rac SeniSneT, es
gasrolis xma iyo, ara?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: da es maSin moxda, rodesac viRacas esroles, ara?
pasuxi: diax.
TiTqosda arafrismTqmeli SekiTxvebis gamoyenebiT advokatma mowme im momentamde miiyvana, rodesac man aRiara, rom
realuri gasrola ar daunaxavs da maSasadame, misi manamde
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micemuli nebismieri Cveneba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra moxda da rogor hqonda adgili sasikvdilo gasrolas, dauSveblad iqneba
cnobili.
(2) erTi SekiTxvac SeiZleba zedmeti iyos
aseve SeniSnavdiT, rom rogorc bankis Zarcvis zemoT mocemul magaliTSi iyo miTiTebuli, bolo SekiTxva imis Sesaxeb, rom mowmes srola ar daunaxavs, dasmuli ar yofila. am
SekiTxvis dasmis SemTxvevaSi mowme dadebiTi pasuxis gacemiT
Seecdeboda sakuTari Tavis reabilitacia moexdina da axsnaganmartebebi gaekeTebina. bolo SekiTxvis dasmis aucilebloba
ar iyo, radgan advokatma sasurveli pasuxi ukve moipova da
mowmes aRar aqvs Cixidan gamosvlis SesaZlebloba. daskvniT
sityvaSi advokati mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs Seaxsenebs,
rom mowmis Cvenebis Tanaxmad, mas gasrola ar daunaxavs, radgan, rodesac man pirvelad raime uCveulo SeniSna, es gasrolis xma iyo, da es ki mxolod gasrolis Semdeg SeiZleboda
momxdariyo. bankis Zarcvis saqmeSi advokatma ukve daamtkica,
rom mowme uaRresad mTvrali iyo da amocnobas uSecdomod
ver moaxerxebda. Tu daismeboda SekiTxva imis Taobaze, SeeZlo Tu ara mas mZarcvelis amocnoba, mowmes miecemoda SesaZlebloba raime mizezi moegona, Tu ratom SeZlebda amas. ar
misceT mowmeebs aseTi SesaZlebloba.
am swavlebis azri imaSi mdgomareobs, rom rodesac mowmisgan sakmariss amoiRebT, unda gaCerdeT. ar aris saWiro
SeecadoT, rom mowmem aRiaros, rom icrua. amaze mtkicebulebebi isedac metyvelebs. Zalian bevr prokurors/advokats
hqonia yvelaferi, rac mowmisgan iyo saWiro, da mxolod erT
zedmet SekiTxvas mowme problemisgan dauxsnia.
(3) akontroleT mowme
prokurori/advokati mowmes imiT akontrolebs, rom usvams zust kiTxvebs, romelTa pasuxebia: diax an ara. Tu mowme pasuxebis ganvrcobas iwyebs, prokurorma/advokatma unda
sTxovos mosamarTles, rom mowmem Sewyvitos iseTi pasuxebis
gacema, romlebic araadekvaturia.
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mexsiereba
prokurorma/advokatma unda aCvenos, rom mowme ver ixsenebs movlenas, an mowmes imdenad cudad axsovs movlena, rom
mis Cvenebaze dayrdnoba ar SeiZleba. qvemoT mocemulia magaliTi, romelSic braldebulis dacvis Tanaxmad braldebuli
ara danaSaulis Cadenis adgilas, aramed sxvagan imyofeboda,
da gamoZaxebulia mowme, romlis Cvenebis Tanaxmad braldebuli mis restoranSi imyofeboda.
warmogidgenT prokuroris mier dacvis mowmis jvaredini
dakiTxvis magaliTs:
kiTxva: q-no Tamar, ramdeni xania, rac restoran `metexis
CrdilSi~ muSaobT?
pasuxi: 10 weli.
kiTxva: restorani kargad muSaobs, ara?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: ase rom, dReSi sul mcire 200 klienti gyavT?
pasuxi: daaxloebiT, zogjer naklebi, zogjer meti.
kiTxva: darwmunebuli var kargi TanamSromeli xarT da
rogorc vxvdebi, Tqven Zalian dakavebuli unda iyoT klientebis SekveTebis momsaxurebiT?
pasuxi: diax, es rTuli samuSaoa.
kiTxva: ase rom, kviris ganmavlobaSi 1000-ze meti klientis naxva giwevT?
pasuxi: sul mcire magdenis.
kiTxva: da isini, savaraudod, yvelanairi tipis adamianebi
arian?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: pirdapir dakiTxvaze Tqven ganacxadeT, rom braldebuls ar icnobdiT, asea?
pasuxi: diax.
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impiCmenti
aq prokurori/advokati mowmis an misi Cvenebis diskreditacias axdens, rac SesaZloa jvaredini dakiTxvis yvelaze
dramatuli adgili iyos. aSS-s praqtikis klasikuri magaliTis Tanaxmad, prokurori/advokati imis demonstrirebas axdens, rom mowmis adrindeli gancxadebebi sasamarTlo
procesze mis mier gakeTebul gancxadebebs ewinaaRmdegeba.
Tu Zalian did Seusabamobas aqvs adgili, CvenebaSi cvlilebebis dadgenis Semdeg prokurors/advokats SeuZlia mowmes
hkiTxos: `maSin cruobdiT Tu axla cruobT?~ alternativis
saxiT, Tu adrindeli gancxadeba Tqveni mxarisTvis ukeTesia,
SegiZliaT mowmes hkiTxoT, dageTanxmebodaT Tu ara, rom
adrindeli gancxadeba maSin gakeTda, rodesac movlenebi gacilebiT ukeT axsovda. am midgomiT Tqven xazs ar usvamT im
garemoebas, rom mowme cruobs, aramed mxolod imas, rom ise
kargad aRar axsovs movlenis Sesaxeb, rodesac mis Sesaxeb
pirveli gancxadebebi gaakeTa.
rodesac adrindeli Seusabamo gancxadebis safuZvelze
mowmis impiCments axorcielebT, pirvel rigSi mowmes unda
daadasturebinoT, rom man sasamarTlo procesze marTlac
aseTi Cveneba misca. Semdeg sTxoveT mas gaixsenos garkveul
dros da adgilze micemuli Cveneba, sadac Seusabamo gancxadeba gakeTda. man SesaZloa zusti dro ver gaixsenos, magram
prokurorma/advokatma unda SeZlos mas daadasturebinos, rom
adrindeli gancxadeba mas ekuTvnis. Semdeg mas es gancxadeba
gadaeciT. qvemoT mocemulia am teqnikis gamoyenebis magaliTi. yuradReba miaqcieT, Tu rogor adasturebinebs advokati
mowmes adrindeli Cvenebis micemas, Seaxsenebs mas am gancxadebas da Semdeg ukve `abams maxeSi~.
kiTxva: pirdapir dakiTxvaze Cvenebis micemisas Tqven ganacxadeT, rom braldebulisgan 5 metris daSorebiT imyofebodiT, marTalia?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: da es Cveneba zusti iyo?
pasuxi: ra Tqma unda.
kiTxva: da radgan ase axlos iyaviT, amitom xarT ase dar-
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CamoTvlili yvela aspeqtis gamoyeneba yoveli mowmis winaaRmdeg yovelTvis ver moxerxdeba, da zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki
SesaZloa verc erTi zemoT mocemuli magaliTi ver gamoiyenoT.
is, Tu rogor da rodis CavataroT mowmis jvaredini
dakiTxva, aris unar-Cveva, romlis ganviTarebasac dro da
praqtika esaWiroeba. kargi prokurori/advokati jvaredini
dakiTxvisTvis mzadebisas moipovebs yvela saxis informacias
mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeebis Sesaxeb. prokurorma/advokatma unda scados moipovos yvela dokumenti, raTa mowmis mier
simarTlisTvis Tavis aridebis SemTxvevaSi misi impiCmenti
SeZlos. Tu amas ar gavakeTebT, maSin prokurors/advokats
mowmis pasuxebTan gamklaveba mouwevs.
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daskvnis safuZveli
radganac mtkicebuleba gonivrulad sandoa~, eqspertis
daskvna SeiZleba gavandoT nafic msajulebs. xSirad amis
gansazRvra mosamarTleebisTvis Zalian rTulia. es moiTxovs
mosamarTleebisgan Seafason monacemi, romelsac isini ar icnoben da is sferoebi, romelSic isini ar arian eqspertebi.
zogi sasamarTlo iseTi liberaluri iyo am standartTan
mimarTebiT, rom eqsperts SeeZloa nebismier sakiTxze Cvenebis
micema, Tuki es nafic msajulebs daexmareboda.
jvaredini dakiTxvisas Tqven SegiZliaT eWvqveS daayenoT
im monacemebis validuroba, romlebsac eqsperti daeyrdno.
Tqven SegiZliaT es gaakeToT im dokumenturi mtkicebulebebis CvenebiT, romlebic adgens, rom eqspertis daskvnebs ar
iziareben am sferos cnobili warmomadgenlebi.
Tqveni, rogorc jvaredini dakiTxvis ganmaxorcielebeli
piris amocanaa, gansazRvroT, Tu romeli faqtebi da riskebi
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mowmis diskreditacia
jvaredini dakiTxvis warmmarTvelma pirvel rigSi SesaZloa moaxdinos mowmis diskreditacia imis CvenebiT, rom
eqsperti ar aris sakmarisad kvalificiuri Cvenebis misacemad;
mag., eqsperts ar gaaCnia saTanado codna, unarebi, gamocdileba, momzadeba an ganaTleba. eqspertis moqmedebis zusti
sferos miTiTebiT Tqven SegiZliaT warmoaCinoT, rom esa Tu
is sfero pirdapir SesabamisobaSi ar aris im sakiTxebTan,
razec eqspertma Cveneba misca. amis warmoCeniT dasturdeba,
rom mowme ar aris sakmarisad kvalificiuri imisTvis, rom
rogorc eqspertma Cveneba misces am sakiTxze, Cveneba SesaZloa gamoiricxos srulad da sul mcire, Tqven SeamcirebT
mowmis sandoobas.
mowmis diskreditaciis kidev erTi efeqturi saSualebaa eqspertis daskvnaSi araakuratulobis mtkicebulebis an
yalbi varaudebi da arazusti faqtebi, romlebsac efuZneba
daskvna. aseve SesaZloa sasargeblo iyos am sakiTxebis dramatizebis mTavari Tema. magaliTad, SesaZloa gamanadgurebeli
iyos imis Cveneba, rom eqsperti Tavis kvlevaSi fokusirda
mxolod erT specializebul sferoze, rom eqsperts Cveneba
aqvs micemuli mxolod erTi mxaris saxeliT, an is, rom
eqsperti profesionali mowmea, magram ara praqtikosi.
Tqveni sakuTari eqsperti SesaZloa Zalian sasargeblo
iyos mowinaaRmdege mxaris eqspertis mier daskvnis safuZvlad
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subieqturi gadawyvetileba
Tqven aseve unda ecadoT eqspertisgan moipovoT imis aRiareba, rom daskvna Seicavs zogierT subieqtur Sefasebebs.
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k: xom ar fiqrobT, rom ufro gonivruli iqneboda nafici msajulebisTvis Tqveni daskvnis wardgenamde sakuTari
kvlevis Catareba, nacvlad imisa, rom bralmdebels dayrdnobodiT?
informacia, romelic ar miiRes mtkicebulebad
eqspertebi xSirad afuZneben TavianT daskvnas iseT informacias, romelic sasamarTlo darbazis gareT miiReT an
Tundac Tqven varauds da msjelobas ar efuZneba. umravles iurisdiqciaTa mtkicebulebiTi wesis Tanaxmad, es sxvagvarad dauSvebeli mtkicebuleba daiSveba, Tu informacia
iseTia, romelsac am sferoSi moqmedi eqspertebi, rogorc
wesi, eyrdnobian. es kategoria moicavs iseTi tipis informacias, romelsac eqspertebi profesiulad eyrdnobian daskvnis
formirebisas.
meore mxriv, eqsperts SeuZlia ar daafuZnos sakuTari
daskvna statistikas, romelic momzadda sasamarTlo ganxilvisTvis, magram ar warmoadgens damoukidebeli kvlevis
nawils; werilobiT Cvenebas, romelic emyareba dausabuTebel
varaudebs; an mxareebisa da mowmeebis Cvenebas.
Tu sasamarTlo aRmoaCens, rom am sferos eqspertebi am
eqspertis mier gamoyenebul mtkicebulebebs eyrdnobian zogadad, Tqven mainc SegiZliaT scadoT daadginoT, rom, miuxedavad yvelafrisa, daskvna ar aris sando. Tumca, miuxedavad
imisa, rom TerapevtisTvis SeiZleba dasabuTebuli iyos misi
pacientis gancxadebaze dayrdnoba, Tqven, rogorc jvaredini
dakiTxvis warmmarTvelma, SesaZloa es gancxadeba daaxasiaTon,
rogorc arasarwmuno.
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damabneveli kiTxvebi
Tqveni mowme SesaZloa elodos imas, rom mraval CamWrel
da damabnevel kiTxvas dausvamen.
es moicavs Semdegs:
Serwymuli kiTxvebi: Tuki erTi kiTxva meore kiTxvaSi
imaleba, mowmem unda sTxovos advokats am kiTxvebis
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307
kontrolis SenarCuneba
eqspertma jvaredini dakiTxvis warmmarTvels ar unda misces imis saSualeba, rom man sityvebi Caudos pirSi~, rogorc
amas es gamocdili eqsperti akeTebs:
k: arsebobs kargi argumenti imis dasadastureblad, Tu
ratom ar Cndeba es piroba Tqveni Zilis dros, asea?
p: me ar veTanxmebi Tqvens daxasiaTebas, rom es ar xdeba
xSirad Tqveni Zilis dros.
eqspertma ar unda dauSvas misi mTavari argumentis dakargva:
p: faqtia, rom msxverpli eweoda ocdaaTi wlis ganmavlobaSi. da, saboloo jamSi, riskis gaTvla ar iyo zusti,
radganac batoni davisi ebrZoda mZime aTerosklerozs. es
aris mniSvnelovani faqti am saqmeSi, miuxedavad imisa, Tu ras
miviCnevT Cven riskis maCveneblad.
jvaredini dakiTxvis warmmarTvelis konkretulad mimarTul enaze miTiTeba efeqtiani teqnikaa:
k: saidan daaskveniT, rom msoflioSi yvela mtkicebulebebi miuTiTebs imaze, rom xangrZlivi mweveloba iwvevs uecar
sikvdils gulis SeteviT?
p: imedi maqvs naficma msajulebma gaiges fraza, msoflioSi ar arsebobs mtkicebulebebi~.
me ar miTqvams rom aranairi mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs.
magram, vfiqrob, rom Tu Tqven gadaxedavT mtkicebulebebs erTianad, arsebobs damajerebeli kvlevebi, romlebic miuTiTebs,
rom grZelvadiani mwevelobis Sedegebi zrdis moulodneli
gulis SeteviT sikvdilis albaTobas.
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sasamarTlo ganxilva 48
(mkvlelobis saqmeebze)
qvemoT moyvanili sakiTxebi efuZneba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
marTlmsajulebaSi arsebul praqtikas da qarTvel mkiTxvels SesaZloa
ucxod moeCvenos is unarebi da regulaciebi, rac ganxilulia
xsenebul masalaSi, Tumca, saxelmZRvanelos SemdgenelTa azriT maTi
warmatebiT gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi dRes ukve SesaZlebelia. ufro
metic, momavalSi saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis
Sedegad, es sakiTxebi ufro metad aqtualuri gaxdeba braldebisa da
dacvis mxarisTvis.
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sxvadasxva kalibris prezentacia. Tuki iaraRi ganadgurebulia, magram cnobilia misi mwarmoebeli da modeli, maSin
prokurorma imave warmoebisa da modelis iaraRis sasamarTlo
darbazSi saCveneblad motana unda uzrunvelyos.
dacvis mxarem unda Seiswavlos iaraRi, gansakuTrebiT
ki cecxlsasroli iaraRi, aseve unda icodes gansxvaveba
revolversa da naxevrad avtomatur pistolets, sanadiro
(gluvlulian) Tofsa da SaSxanas Soris. aseve gaarkvieT
ra raodenobis tyvia-wamlis maragia mWidSi. romel iaraRs
eZaxian naWdevian Tofs, romels `revolvers~ da romels _
sanadiro `gluvlulian Tofs~. es terminebi sinonimebi ar
aris. nafic msajulTa Soris SesaZloa aRmoCndnen pirebi,
romlebmac ician gansxvaveba am terminebs Soris, Sesabamisad,
Tuki advokati maT arasworad gamoiyenebs, msajulebis ndobas
dakargavs. am terminebSi gasarkvevad nebismieri cecxlsasroli iaraRis eqsperti, maT Soris, samarTaldamcavi organos
oficrebis umetesoba SeZlebs Tqvens daxmarebas.
cecxlsasroli iaraRis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo-balistikuri
eqspertizis daskvnis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba dagWirdeT iseTi damatebiTi cnebebis Seswavla rogoricaa: sasxletis moqaCvis Zala, tyviis gasrolis siCqare (rac SeiZleba
absoluturad gansxvavebuli iyos Tofisa da ceclxlsasroli iaraRis SemTxvevebSi), natyviaris zoma, tyviis kalibri
da sxva. es parametrebi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania orive
mxarisaTvis im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saubaria iaraRis Tavdacvis mizniT gamoyenebaze. aseTi xasiaTis mtkicebuleba SeiZleba
eqsperti mowmis garda sxva mowmemac mogawodoT. magaliTad,
xSirad samedicino eqspertebi iZlevian xolme Cvenebas tyviis
mier gavlili gzis Sesaxeb, kuTxeebis da TviT kalibris, an
siCqaris Sesaxeb. xSirad paTanatomiis specialistisa da cecxlsasroli iaraRis eqspertis CvenebaTa kombinacia sakmaod
karg suraTs qmnis imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra tipis iaraRidan moxda
gasrola, aseve srolis kuTxis, Wrilobasa da iaraRs Soris
arsebuli daSorebis Sesaxeb.
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mowmeebis Tanmimdevroba
nafici msajulebi mowmeebis sandoobis xarisxs afaseben.
Cveulebriv amgvar daskvnas imis mixedviT akeTeben, Tu ramdenad zustad gadmoscems mowme faqtebs (sxva mtkicebulebebTan
mimarTebaSi) da ramdenad mzadaa Tqvas simarTle. dacvis mxarem Cvenebebi ufro STambeWdavi rom gaxados, SeuZlia Tavad gansazRvros ra TanmimdevrobiT gamoiZaxos mowmeebi, anu
gansazRvros mowmeTa mier Cvenebis micemis rigiToba.
Tavdapirvelad warmogidgenT sasamarTlo advokatirebis
zogad principebs mowmeTa gamoZaxebis TanmimdevrobasTan
mimarTebaSi. yvelaze Zlieri mowmeebi dasawyisSi da bolos
gamoiZaxeT. naklebad saintereso da naklebad gavleniani mowmeebi SualedSi dahkiTxeT. Tuki msgavs sakiTxebze ori mowmis Cveneba unda moisminoT, pirvelad Zlieri gamoiZaxeT da
bolos susti53. magaliTad, aviRoT gaupatiurebis ori msxverpli. pirvelma dazaralebulma mesamed Seitana sarCeli
gaaupatiurebis motiviT, Tumca pirvel or SemTxvevaSi gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni dadga. meore dazaralebuls ki uwin
msgavsi saCivari ar aRuZravs da arsebobs arsebiTi mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adasturebs mis Cvenebas. umjobesia, rom
Tavdapirvelad meore mowme gamoiZaxoT. warmogidgenT kidev
erT magaliTs: sasjelis daniSvnis sxdomaze dacvis mxares
mowveuli hyavs eklesiis ori msaxuri, romlebic adastureben, rom braldebuli reabilitaciaze gasagzavnad Sesabamisi
kandidatia, radgan am mimarTulebiT ukve bevri nabiji gadadga
da rom reabilitacia yvelaze kargad cixis gareT arsebul pirobebSi ganxorcieldeba. erT-erTi eklesiis msaxuri
sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi muSaobda
xelmZRvanel Tanamdebobaze. Sesabamisad, warmodgenili ori
mowmidan umjobesia pirvel rigSi swored is gamoiZaxoT,
53 gafrTxileba: Tuki ori mowme Tanabrad sandoa, magram maTi Cvenebebi
erTi konkretuli detalis gamo araTanmimdevrulia, TqvenTvis ufro misaRebi
poziciis mqone mowme bolos gamoiZaxeT, Sesabamisad am ukanasknelis Cveneba
wina mowmis (SesaZlo Secdomis) Cvenebis gamosworeba iqneba.
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318
ix. zemoT 926 (citata Illinois v. Allen, 397 U.S. 337, 343 (1970)).
ix. zemoT.
orcielda sasamarTlo ganxilvaze nafici msajulebis TandaswrebiT, mtkicebis pirobebis Tanaxmad _ ufro faseuli
mtkicebulebis arsebobiT _ rom emerim mokla informaciis
momwodebeli. sasamarTlom miuTiTa, rom msgavsi praqtika iqna
gamoyenebuli danaSaulis Tanamonawilis Cvenebebis aRiarebasTan dakavSirebiT aSS belis winaaRmdeg saqmeSi.59
zogierTs miaCnia, rom saqmeSi kroufordi vaSingtonis winaaRmdeg60 dairRva emeris aSS-s konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebuli dapirispirebis ufleba. Tumca arsebobs am mosazrebis
sawinaaRmdego 2 argumenti: pirveli, kroufordma uari Tqva
garkveuli yurmokruli informaciis dasaSvebobisaTvis `sandoobis~ testis Catarebaze, romelic sasamarTlom `Cvenebis~
xasiaTis informaciad daasaxela (rogoricaa gamoZiebis procesSi policiis oficerTan gakeTebuli gancxadebebi). emeris
saqmis SemTxvevaSi gakeTebuli gancxadebebi _ dazaralebulis mier megobrisaTvis monaTxrobi ambebi _ ar Seesabameba
am ganmartebas da ar CaiTvleba `mtkicebulebad~.61 meore _
kroufordi daeyrdno doqtrinas `samarTaldarRvevis gamo
uflebis CamoTmeva~.62 aseTi gadawyvetileba miiRo aSS uzenaesma sasamarTlom da saolqo sasamarTloebma, romlebic ixilavdnen kroufordis saqmis zegavlenas am doqtrinaze.63
59 ix. (citata saqmidan aSS belis winaaRmdeg _ United States v. Bell, 573
F.2d 1040,1044 (8th Cir. 1978)).
60 541 . 36 (2004) (ohaio robertsis winaaRmdeg sandoobis testis
miRebis gauqmeba garkveuli formis yurmokrul informaciasTan dakavSirebiT
ufro SezRuduli yurmokruli informaciis formis akrZalvis sasargeblod).
61 ix. zemoT.
62 ix. 62 gv.
63 Davis v. Washington (devisi vaSingtonis winaaRmdeg) 547 aSS. 813, 833
(2006) (`vimeorebT igives rac kroufordis saqmesTan mimarTebaSi ganvixileT.....
piri, romelic mowmis gamocxadebas xels SeuSlis danaSaulebrivi uflebiT,
kargavs dapirispirebis konstituciur uflebas~); United States v. Carson, (
karsonis winaaRmdeg) 455 F.3d 336,362-66 (D.C. Cir. 2006), cert, denied, 127 S. Ct.
1351 (2007); United States v. Montague, 421 F.3d 1099, 1102 (10th Cir. 2005); United
States v. Rodriguez- Marrero, 390 F.3d 1,17 (1st Cir. 2004).
319
daskvniTi sityva64
daskvniTi sityva advokatis mier mosamarTleze/nafic msajulebze STabeWdilebis moxdenis bolo SesaZleblobaa. amis
gamo arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, rom prokurorma/
advokatma misi argumentebi logikurad da damajereblad warmoadginos. prokurorma/advokatma mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs unda auxsnas, Tu ratom amyarebs sasamarTlo procesze
warmodgenili mtkicebulebebi mis mier moTxovnil verdiqts.
rogorc procesis yvela sxva stadiis SemTxvevaSi, daskvniT
sityvasac momzadeba sWirdeba. marTlac, sasamarTlo procesis dawyebamdec ki prokurori/advokati Camoyalibebuli unda
iyos imis Taobaze, Tu rogori iqneba misi daskvniTi sityva.
procesis ganmavlobaSi prokurori/advokati adgens mtkicebulebebs, romlebic mis mier winaswar dagegmil daskvniT sityvas gaamyarebs. cxadia, Tu sasamarTlo procesi dagegmilis
Sesabamisad ar warimarTa, rac iSviaTad xdeba, prokurors/
advokats daskvniT sityvaSi cvlilebebis Setana mouwevs.
Tu prokurorisTvis/advokatisTvis yvelaferi kargad
warimarTa, daskvniTi sityvis momzadebisas igi imave Temas
daeyrdnoba, romelic Sesaval sityvaSi hqonda gadmocemuli.
Tema
daskvniTi sityvis pirveli ori wuTis ganmavlobaSi,
rodesac mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebis yuradReba mTlianad
Tqvenzea mopyrobili, prokurorma/advokatma unda warmoTqvas
misi Tema (`The Hook ~). am pirveli Tu ori wuTis ganmavlobaSi ise unda miipyroT mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebis yuradReba, rom maT Tqveni mosmena ganagrZon. rogorc procesis
sxva stadiebze aRvniSneT, pirveladi STabeWdilebebi yvelaze
xangrZlivi droiT rCeba adamianis gonebaSi. daskvniTi sity64 momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da
Targmani ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
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idaveT!
daskvniTi sityva aris kamaTi. mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs ar surT moisminon TiToeuli mowmis carieli citirebebi, radgan isini ukve Cvenebis micemisas moismines. daskvniTi
sityvis mizania yvela mowmis Cvenebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba
imis saCveneblad, Tu rogor gamyarda prokuroris/advokatis
mier SemoTavazebuli Teoria. unda axsenoT mowmis saxeli,
rodesac misi Cvenebis im nawilze miuTiTebT, romelic Tqvens
Teorias amyarebs. Tu prokurori/advokati mxolod imas gadmoscems, Tu ra Tqva TiToeulma mowmem, mosamarTles/nafic
msajulebs mobezrdebaT da isini Seuracxyofilad igrZnoben
Tavs, radgan maT ukve mousmines aRniSnul Cvenebs. Tqveni
amocanaa imis warmoCena, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba Cvenebebis
sxvadasxva nawili erTmaneTs Tqveni Sexedulebebis mxardasaWerad. alternativis saxiT, rogorc dacvis mxaris advokatma, romelsac mtkicebis tvirTi ar aqvs, Tqven SesaZloa
ubralod aCvenoT, Tu rogor ar ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs mowmeTa Cvenebebi prokuroris Teoriis gasamyareblad. es iseTi
Zlieri strategia ar aris, rogorc imis Cveneba, rom braldebuli udanaSauloa, magram xSirad es erTaderTi ram aris,
risi gakeTebac advokats SeuZlia.
efeqturoba
zogierTi prokurori/advokati Tavis daskvniT sityvaSi
saaTobiT saubrobs, ris Sedegadac mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs Zilis ganwyoba eqmnebaT. amis gamo, Tu saerTo jamSi
prokurori/advokati Zlier ganacxads gaakeTebs, is mainc yuradRebis miRma darCeba. Tu saqme uaRresad rTuli ar aris,
daskvniTi sityva 40 wuTze mets ar unda grZeldebodes.
amisTvis saWiroa, rom dacvam sityva ise moamzados, rom
yuradReba mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze gaamaxvilos. metic, ar
gadatvirToT mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi saqmeSi arsebuli
umniSvnelo detalebiT, maT isini ar gaaxsendebaT da Tqven
ki riskze midixarT, rom am umniSvnelo faqtebis ganxilvisas
TqvenTvis umTavresi argumentebi daikargos.
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323
Tu rogor uTxres nebarTvis asaRebad misvlisas, rom braldebulisTvis 20000 lari unda gadaexada, Torem saWiro
nebarTvas verasodes miiRebda. man sasamarTlos moaxsena, rom
es restorani misi cxovrebis ocneba iyo. misi gancxadebiT mas
SeeZlo am Tanxis gadaxda, radgan misi biZa aSS-Si gardaicvala da garkveuli Tanxa uanderZa. misi Cvenebis gasamyareblad
braldebam warmoadgina nanas sabanko Canawerebi, sadac Cans,
Tu rogor aris 2010 wlis 26 aprils 20000 lari gatanili.
nanas TqmiT, man braldebuls Tanxa naRd fulad gadauxada. Tqven aseve giCvenes braldebulis sabanko angariSebi, romlebic asaxavs 2010 wlis 29 aprils 10000 laris Setanis
faqts, da rogorc bankis warmomadgenelma mowmem ganacxada,
misi balansi 1000 lars arasodes aRemateboda.
braldebam aseve warmoadgina ramdenime mowmis Cveneba,
romlebmac isaubres braldebulis mier 2010 wlis aprilis
bolos maTgan ganxorcielebuli Sesyidvebis Taobaze. am Sesyidvebis mTliani Tanxa 9300 lari iyo.
sasamarTlom aseve moismina lali CalaZis Cveneba, romelic gaxlavT im dawesebulebis buRalteri, sadac braldebuli muSaobda. misi gancxadebiT, braldebulis Tviuri
xelfasi 400 lari iyo da man misi gancxadebis dasturad
dawesebulebis Canawerebi warmoadgina.
saidan hqonda braldebuls amdeni fuli? Tumca mtkicebis
tvirTi braldebis mxares awevs, braldebulma, romelmac
Cveneba misca, veraviTari axsna-ganmarteba ver moitana, rac
raime saxis dokumentaciiT gadamowmdeboda.~
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procesebis mimdinareobisas pasuxs ver gascemen, magram prokuroris/advokatis mizania isini maT mexsierebaSi darCes. qvemoT mocemulia ori magaliTi, erTi braldebis, xolo meore
dacvis mxaris perspeqtividan.
`am saqmeSi braldebulma Ramis 2 saaTze manqaniT gaiara
iq, sadac ori kvartalis iqiT policiam daapatimra erTi
mamakaci, romelsac 20 kilogramis wonis 5 Sekvra heroini
aRmoaCnda. braldebuli kalatozia, magram Tavis manqanaSi aRmoaCnda konverti, romelSic 20000 aSS dolari ido. saidan
aqvs kalatozs amxela Tanxa drois am periodSi? ratom iqneboda amave kacis manqanis ukana savarZelze heroinis kvali aRmoCenili, Tu igi narkotikebis biznesSi ar iqneboda CarTuli
da gayidvac sul axali ganxorcielebuli ar eqneboda?~
`sad aris mkvlelobis iaraRi? Tu braldebis Tanaxmad
b-ma melaZem marTlac mokla nana, ver SeZlebda policia iaraRis povnas mis saxlSi, manqanaSi an sadme sxvagan, sadac igi
imyofeboda? hkiTxeT sakuTar Tavs, Tu ratom ver moiyvana
braldebam erTi mowmec ki, romelic ityoda, rom b-ni melaZe
imave oTaxSi imyofeboda, sadac nana mokles. rodidan gaxda
danaSaulis Cadenis midamoebSi yofna danaSauli?~
gamoiyeneT analogiebi an ambebi
zogjer saqmeSi danaSaulis pirdapiri mtkicebulebebi ar
arsebobs. pirdapiria mtkicebuleba, rodesac vinmes SeuZlia
ganacxados, rom dainaxa braldebuli, Tu rogor tovebda igi
mowmis saxls misi (mowmis) nivTebiT. zogjer mxolod iseTi mtkicebulebebi arsebobs, romlebsac iribi mtkicebulebebi ewodeba. iribia mtkicebuleba, rodesac saxezea faqtebi,
romlisganac mosamarTlem/naficma msajulebma daskvna unda
gamoitanon. magaliTad, qurdobis msxverpls gansakuTrebulad
uCveulo qurTuki hqonda da igi saxlSi didi raodenobiT
naRd fuls inaxavda. erekles, romelic wlebis ganmavlobaSi
umuSevari iyo, danaSaulis CadenaSi edeba brali. igi qurdobidan meore dRes dainaxes, Tu rogor xarjavda uamrav
fuls da rogor iyo gamowyobili dazaralebulis qurTukSi.
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mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebisTvis imis saCveneblad, Tu raoden Zlieri mtkicebulebebi arsebobs saqmeSi, prokurorma
SesaZloa analogia gamoiyenos da ganacxados:
`es saqme im situacias waagavs, rodesac daZinebis dros
ca mowmendili iyo da dReebis ganmavlobaSi ar uwvimia. diliT gaRviZebisas ki aRmoaCenT, rom irgvliv yvelaferi svelia
da xeebidanac ki wyali wveTavs. Tqven ar ginaxavT rogor
gawvimda, magram sruliad darwmunebuli xarT, rom Ramis
ganmavlobaSi iwvima.~
amtkiceT Tqveni Zlieri mxareebi
es braldebas da dacvis mxares Tanabrad exeba. cxadia,
rom prokuroris SemTxvevaSi mtkicebis tvirTi mas akisria
da man unda amtkicos braldebulis damnaSaveoba da ara is,
rom braldebulis axsna-ganmartebebi saR azrs aris moklebuli. orive mxaresTan mimarTebaSi gacilebiT damajerebelia,
Tu aCvenebT, ratom xarT marTali, vidre imaze miuTiTebT,
rom meore mxare cdeba. rodesac yuradRebas mxolod meore
mxaris sisusteze amaxvilebT, imis STabeWdilebas qmniT, rom
Tqveni mxare sustia. advokats amis gakeTeba mxolod erT
konkretul SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia, rodesac mas araviTari damadasturebeli mtkicebuleba ar aqvs. am SemTxvevaSi igi aRniSnavs, rom rogorc braldebulis warmomadgenels, mas arafris
mtkiceba ar sWirdeba, da rom mtkicebis tvirTi braldebas
akisria. es aris susti dacvis poziciidan Tavis daZvrenis
gza. gaxsovdeT, rogorc winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul sxva wesebTan mimarTebaSi, advokatma unda gadawyvitos,
rodis unda gamoiyenos isini da rodis ara.
gaumklavdiT sisusteebs
ar ifiqroT, rom Tqvens poziciaSi arsebul sisusteebs
gaeqceviT. Tqveni mowinaaRmdege mxare maTze namdvilad gaamaxvilebs yuradRebas. ori ZiriTadi mizezi arsebobs imisa, Tu
ratom unda moaxdinoT reagireba Tqvens sisusteebze: pirvel
rigSi, mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi problemas TqvenTvis
misaRebi perspeqtividan aRiqvamen. amas politikosebi `TqvenT-
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a. Tema.
b. sakiTxi (ra unda damtkicdes moqmedi kanonebis
Sesabamisad, raTa braldebuli damnaSaved iyos cnobili).
g. ra moxda sinamdvileSi da mtkicebulebebi, romlebic
Tqvens Teorias amyarebs. es unda moicavdes Tqveni mowmeebis Cvenebas, nivTmtkicebebs, mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeTa
aRiarebebs da saR azrze da SesaZleblobebze miTiTebebs.
d. axsna-ganmarteba imis Taobaze, Tu ratom aris meore
mxaris pozicia susti. magaliTad, aCveneT, Tu sad ver SeZles
mtkicebulebebma braldebulis bralis warmoCena. es moicavs
meore mxaris mowmeebis Cvenebebze ieriSis mitanas da savaraudod, ritorikuli SekiTxvebis gamoyenebas. Tqveni sityvis am
nawilis dasawyisSi Tqveni poziciis sust mxarezec isaubreT.
Tu braldebuls dacvis pozicia ar warmoudgenia, prokurors
amis komentireba ar SeuZlia, radgan aseTi komentari procesualuri darRveva iqneba. braldebuls sasamarTlo procesze
arasodes arafris gakeTeba ar evaleba, radgan misi bralis
damtkiceba mxolod da mxolod prokuroris mtkicebis tvirTia.
e. ganixileT mtkicebis tvirTi da is, Tu rogor gaswia
an ver gaswia is braldebam (narkotikebis zemoT mocemuli
saqmis magaliTze amtkiceT, rom braldebas unda daemtkice-
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daskvniTi sityva65
(mkvlelobis saqmeebze)
qvemoT moyvanili sakiTxebi efuZneba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
marTlmsajulebaSi arsebul praqtikas da qarTvel mkiTxvels SesaZloa
ucxod moeCvenos is unarebi da regulaciebi, rac ganxilulia
xsenebul masalaSi, Tumca, saxelmZRvanelos SemdgenelTa azriT, maTi
warmatebiT gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi dRes ukve SesaZlebelia. ufro
metic, momavalSi saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis
Sedegad, es sakiTxebi ufro metad aqtualuri gaxdeba braldebisa da
dacvis mxarisTvis.
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protesti69
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsidan
naTeli ar aris, ra saxis protestis dayenebaa dasaSvebi da
rodis aris es SesaZlebeli. amitom, winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxiluli iqneba amerikul sasamarTloebSi aprobirebuli protestis saxeobebi. aseve ganxiluli iqneba TiToeuli protestis arsic, raTa prokurorma/advokatma SeZlos mosamarTles auxsnas, Tu ratom unda dakmayofildes
misi protesti.
unda gavaprotestoT Tu ara?
raimes gaprotestebamde prokurorma/advokatma unda gadawyvitos, saWiroa Tu ara protestis dayeneba. protestis
xSirad gamoTqmam SesaZloa Seqmnas STabeWdileba, rom Tqven
raimes damalvas cdilobT an simarTlis gamoaSkaravebas uSliT xels. aseve SesaZloa isec moxdes, rom SekiTxva protests eqvemdebarebodes, magram Tqven Tavi SeikavoT.
aris Tu ara informacia, romlis misaRebadac SekiTxva
daisva, azrs moklebuli?
Tu, magaliTad, mowinaaRmdege mxare mowmes ekiTxeba misi
sacxovrebeli da samuSao adgilis an msgavsi faqtebis Sesaxeb da Tu am faqtebis Sesaxeb mxareebi ar davoben, pasuxi
nebismier SemTxvevaSi, imis miuxedavad swored iqneba dasmuli
SekiTxva Tu ara, mainc gamJRavndeba. magaliTad, Tu advokati
mowmes ekiTxeba: `Tqven cxovrobT faliaSvilis quCis #34-Si
meoTxe sarTulze, xom asea?~ SekiTxva arasworad aris dasmuli, is mimaniSnebelia da rTulia. ra Tqma unda, Tqven SegiZliaT gaaprotestoT am safuZvliT, Tumca aseT protests
didi Sedegi ar mohyveba, radgan, saboloo jamSi, Tqveni mowinaaRmdege mxare Secvlis SekiTxvis formas da mainc miiRebs
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ara mowmem raime incidentamde, ra dailia, ramdeni da incidentamde ramdeni xniT adre? iRebda Tu ara mowme raime medikaments, ras, ra doziT da risTvis? moixmarda Tu ara mowme
narkotikebs, romels, ra raodenobiT da rodis? wina RamiT
ramdeni xnis ganmavlobaSi eZina mowmes? ras akeTebda mowme
TiTqosda incidentis danaxvamde da sxva ramiT xom ar iyo
dakavebuli? ra asakis aris mowme da rogoria misi fizikuri
mdgomareoba? Tavi xom ar stkioda, gaciebuli xom ar iyo,
Tvalebi wyliani xom ar hqonda an sicxe xom ar awuxebda?
Tu laparakia SemTxvevaze, romelSic pirovnebam savaraudod
raRac gaigona, zemoT CamoTvlilis garda SekiTxvebi unda
exebodes imas, Tu molaparake subieqtisgan ra daSorebiT idga
igi, xom ar awuxebs mas smenasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi,
gamokvleula Tu ara odesme misi smena da ra iyo am gamokvlevis Sedegebi, rogori iyo garSemo arsebuli xmauris done? im
periodSi, rodesac pirovnebis mtkicebiT man raRac gaigona,
raime xelis SemSlel xmaurs xom ar hqonia adgili, rogoricaa satvirTo manqanebis gavla, gamvlelTa mxridan yvirili?
saubris garkveuli epizodebi CurCuliT xom ar warimarTa
ise, rom igi saubris am epizodebs ver gaigebda? rogori iyo
saubarSi Cabmuli monawileebis saxis gamometyveleba? rogori
iyo saubris toni? icvleboda Tu ara saubris toni da Tu
ki, ra dros da rogor?
zemoT CamoTvlili magaliTebi ar aris amomwuravi. advokati am SemTxvevaSi mowmes ekiTxeba im patara detalebis
Taobaze, romlebTan dakavSirebiTac jvaredin dakiTxvaze
is pirovneba unda daekiTxa, romelmac TiTqosda incidenti
dainaxa an gaigona. imis Sansi, rom iribi Cvenebis mimcemma
mowmem am SekiTxvebze yvela an umetesoba pasuxebisa icodes,
Zalze mcirea. mowmes aseve unda hkiTxoT, vinme sxvisgan xom
ar gaigona, rasac hyveba, Tu uSualod TviTon am pirovnebisgan moismina yvelaferi. es SesaZloa sammagi an oTxmagi iribi
Cvenebis SemTxveva iyos. aseT SemTxvevaSi warmoiSoba damatebiTi kiTxvebi am sxva pirovnebebTan da maT damajereblobasTan mimarTebaSi. prokurorma/advokatma SesaZloa eqspertic
ki gamoiZaxos ambis ramdenime piris mier xelaxal moyolas-
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Tan dakavSirebuli problemebis da Sesabamisad SesaZlo Secdomebis daSvebis gansaxilvelad. marTlac, Tu sasamarTlo
procesze gamocxadebul mowmes yvela SekiTxvaze pasuxi aqvs,
es TavisTavad Zalze saeWvoa da imaze uTiTebs, rom mTavari
mowme arasodes apirebda sasamarTlo procesze Cvenebis misacemad gamocxadebas. jvaredini dakiTxvis dasasruls prokurorma/advokatma sasamarTlos unda sTxovos iribi Cvenebis
Semcveli mowmis Cvenebis dauSveblad cnoba, Tu mis mier gacemuli pasuxebis Sedegad irkveva, rom informacia, romelsac
mowme gvawodebs, aradamajerebelia.
arsebobs amerikis uzenaesi sasamarTlos saqme kroufordi
vaSingtonis winaaRmdeg (124 S.Ct. 1354). kroufordis saqmeze
sasamarTlom daadgina, rom, rodesac saqme ara Cvenebis tipis
mtkicebulebebs (iseTi mtkicebulebebi, rogoricaa TiTis anabeWdebi, dnm, a.S.) exeba, dapirispirebis debulebis Sesaxeb aSSs konstituciis Sesworebis safuZvelze, sasamarTlos SeuZlia diskreciuli uflebamosilebis gamoyeneba aseTi mtkicebulebebis sandoobis dasadgenad. `Tumca, rodesac ganxilvis
sakiTxi mowmeTa Cvenebebia, meeqvse Sesworeba imaves moiTxovs,
rasac saerTo samarTali: jvaredini dakiTxvis SesaZlebloba.
es sandoobis erTaderTi maxasiaTebeli, romelsac konstituciuri moTxovnebis dakmayofileba SeuZlia, radgan TviTon
konstituciiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli, iseTi saSualebaa, rasac dapirispireba hqvia.~ saqarTvelos konstituciaSi dapirispirebis debulebis msgavsi araferia. Tumca, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad braldebuls garantirebuli aqvs samarTliani sasamarTlo da yovelTvis SeiZleba
imis mtkiceba, rom mTavar mowmesTan dapirispirebisa da misi
jvaredini dakiTxvis uflebis gareSe sasamarTlo procesi
ar SeiZleba iyos samarTliani. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli
konvenciis Tanaxmad, yvelas aqvs samarTliani sasamarTlo
ganxilvis ufleba (muxli me-6 _ samarTliani sasamarTlo
ganxilvis ufleba _ 1. samoqalaqo uflebaTa da movaleobaTa gansazRvrisas an wardgenili nebismieri sisxlissamarTlebrivi braldebis safuZvlianobis gamorkvevisas yvelas aqvs
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gonivrul vadaSi misi saqmis samarTliani da saqveyno ganxilvis ufleba kanonis safuZvelze Seqmnili damoukidebeli da
miukerZoebeli sasamarTlos mier. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba
cxaddeba saqveynod, Tumca mTel sasamarTlo procesze an
mis nawilze presa da sazogadoeba SeiZleba ar dauSvan, demokratiul sazogadoebaSi moralis, sazogadoebrivi wesrigis
an erovnuli uSiSroebis interesebidan gamomdinare, agreTve,
rodesac amas moiTxovs arasrulwlovanTa interesebi an mxareTa piradi cxovrebis dacva, an ramdenadac, sasamarTlos
azriT, es mkacrad aucilebelia gansakuTrebuli garemoebebis
arsebobisas, rodesac saqveynooba zians miayenebda marTlmsajulebis interesebs).
2. bundovaneba
es aris protestis saxeoba, romelsac, rogorc wesi, jvaredini dakiTxvis dros vxvdebiT. mas Cveulebriv is prokurori/advokati gamoTqvams, romelmac mowme pirdapir dahkiTxvaze dakiTxa. misi mizania mowmis dacva, raTa ar gamoCndes,
rom man ar icis raze saubrobs, an rom mas SecdomaSi Sehyavs
vinme. am situaciaSi protestis safuZveli unda iyos Semdgi:
SekiTxva sakmaod bundovania, mowmes gauWirdeba pasuxi gasces
mas. magaliTad `mZarcveli maRali iyo?~ maRali SedarebiTi
cnebaa, radgan vinme erTi pirovnebisTvis SesaZloa maRali
iyos, da meoresTvis _ ki ara. sxva saxis bundovani SekiTxvebi: iyo Tu ara pirovneba mdidari, dabali, msuqani, lamazi,
swrafad morbenali an nela mosiarule, iyo Tu ara iq bevri
fuli, iyo Tu ara is Senoba didi, saxli patara, didi ZaRli
da a.S. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, nebismieri SekiTxva, romlis pasuxzec adamianebs SeiZleba gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi hqondeT. jvaredin dakiTxvaze kiTxva Semdegi saxiT unda
daisvas: `iyo Tu ara mZarcveli 1 metrisa da 62 santimetris
simaRlis?~ an Tundac Ria daboloebis: `ra simaRlis iyo mamakaci, romelic Tqveni gancxadebiT bankis mZarcvelia?~
prokurorma/advokatma bundovani SekiTxva aucileblad
unda gaaprotestos, radgan aseTi saxis kiTxvaze mowmem, Tavisi azriT, SesaZloa swori pasuxi gasces, magram sinamdvileSi
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fuli~. sxvaTa Soris, SekiTxvis sizustes pirdapir dakiTxvazec didi mniSvneloba eniWeba. Tu Tqven zemoT mocemul
magaliTSi pirveli SekiTxvis msgavs SekiTxvas dasvamT, dacvis mxaris advokats ecodineba ra, rom braldebulma mxolod
20 lari daxarja, gaprotestebis gareSe moicdis da Tqveni
uxeSi Secdomis Sedegad jvaredin dakiTxvaze, savaraudod,
mowmes gaanadgurebs.
rodesac jvaredin dakiTxvaze bundovan SekiTxvas svamen, misi gaprotesteba Tu argaprotesteba strategiuli
gadawyvetilebaa. mowinaaRmdege mxare SesaZloa fiqrobdes,
rom mowmis pasuxi mowmes daazianebs jvaredin dakiTxvaze.
meore mxriv, mowmis pasuxs SesaZloa moelodnen da is sazianoc ki iyos.
3. Semxebloba
rodesac prokurori/advokati svams SekiTxvas, romelic
saqmesTan uSualo kavSirSi ar aris, es gaprotestebas eqvemdebareba im safuZvliT, rom SekiTxva SemxeblobaSi ar aris
sakiTxTan. magaliTad, Tu bankis Zarcvis magaliTze vinme
ikiTxavda, Tu ra miirTva sauzmeze braldebulma. TiTqosda,
msgavsi SekiTxvaa: hyavda Tu ara braldebuls megobari gogona.
erTi SexedviT, es SekiTxva Seusabamoa. Tumca, mxare SesaZloa
imis demonstrirebas cdilobdes, rom megobar gogonas surda
raime nivTi saCuqrad, is iTxovda braldebulisagan Zvirfas
nivTebs da amitom SekiTxva SemxeblobaSia saqmesTan, radgan
is danaSaulis motivs ukavSirdeba.
mtkicebis SeTavazeba
es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac mas mere, rac mosamarTle
gadawyvets, rom SekiTxva Seusabamoa, prokurori/advokati
mosamarTles uxsnis, Tu ratom aris SekiTxva Sesabamisi da
ratom unda darTon mas SekiTxvis dasmis ufleba. mosamarTlem
SesaZloa Tavisi gadawyvetileba Secvalos. mosamarTlem es
rom ar gaakeTos, prokurori/advokati am gadawyvetilebis
gasaCivrebas apelaciis dros SeZlebs. mas SeuZlia saapelacio
sasamarTlos winaSe amtkicos, rom mosamarTlem mas SecdomiT
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ar darTo SekiTxvis dasmis neba, romelsac arsebiTi mniSvnelobis Cveneba mohyveboda da romelic sasamarTlo verdiqts
Secvlida. amitom aris mniSvnelovani, rom mtkicebis SeTavazebisas prokurorma/advokatma detalurad axsnas, Tu ratom
aris SekiTxva Sesabamisi da ratom unda iyos is nebadarTuli.
mtkicebis SeTavazebis SemTxvevaSi prokurori/advokati auwyebs mosamarTles, Tu ra Cvenebas miscems mowme, Tu mas
Cvenebis micemis nebas darTaven. aseve mxarem SesaZloa uTxras
mosamarTles kiTxvebis rigiToba, raTa daarwmunos igi ama Tu
im kiTxvis dasmis aucileblobaSi.
1. mowmis arasakmarisi kompetenturoba
protestis am saxeobis safuZvelia SemTxveva, rodesac
gasarkvevia, aris Tu ara mowme kompetenturi misces is Cveneba,
ris Sesaxebac ekiTxebian. magaliTad, Tu narkotikebis saqmeze
mowmis tribunasTan policieli dgas da mas ekiTxebian: `ra
aris Tqven mier amoRebuli nivTiereba?~ Tu man narkotikebi
TviTon ar moixmara an ar aris kvalificirebuli aseTi cda
Caataros, igi ar aris kompetenturi am nivTierebaze isaubros. mas SeuZlia mxolod is Tqvas, rom braldebulisgan
amoiRo TeTri fxvnili, radgan imis dadgenas, Tu ra aris es
fxvnili, qimiuri analizi sWirdeba. amdenad, Tu TeTri fxvnili vinmem Sesabamisi cdiT ar Seamowma, policiels ar ecodineboda, Tu ra nivTierebaze iyo saubari. Tu saqarTveloSi
policieli ganacxadebs, rom TeTri fxvnili heroini iyo,
radgan policiis qimikosma is Seamowma, es dasaSvebi iribi
Cveneba iqneba, radgan cda mas TviTon ar Cautarebia da misi
Cveneba mxolod imis angariSia, Tu sxvam ra gaakeTa. Sesabamisi
mtkicebulebebiT gamyarebis SemTxvevaSi es Cveneba sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT dasaSvebia. mraval sferoSi,
romelic eqspertizis garkveul dones saWiroebs, araeqsperti
mowme, savaraudod, ar iqneba kompetenturi Cvenebis misacemad.
marTlac, protestis es saxeoba SesaZlebelia maSinac ki iyos
gamoyenebuli, rodesac Cvenebas eqsperti aZlevs, magram igi
konkretul saqmeSi mocemul sakiTxSi ver erkveva. magaliTad,
eleqtrikoss SesaZloa ar hqondes sakmarisi eqspertiza, raTa
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am protestis, iseve rogorc safuZvlianobis naklebobis Sedegad gamoTqmuli protestis Tavidan acilebis mizniT,
pirdapir dakiTxvaze advokatma TiToeuli mowmis Cvenebis
safuZveli nel-nela, gamozomili nabijebiT unda Seqmnas.
7. sakamaTo
sasamarTlo procesze prokurorebma/advokatebma mowmeebs
SekiTxvebi unda dausvan da ara _ ekamaTon maT. Tu SekiTxvis
daniSnuleba ubralod mowmesTan kamaTia, es gaprotestebis
safuZvelia: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva mowmesTan kamaTs emsaxureba.~
8. safuZvlianobis nakleboba
am motiviT gaprotesteba yvelaze xSirad maSin xdeba,
rodesac mowmes ekiTxebian im dokumentis Sesaxeb, romlis
avTenturobis dadgenac ar momxdara. raimes avTenturobis
dadgena misi namdvilobis dadgenas gulisxmobs. imisaTvis,
rom mowmem angariSis, gamokvlevis, dRiuris, fotos an nebismieri sxva werilobiTi an fotomasalis Sinaarsze imsjelos,
mas avTenturi dokumenti an foto unda uCvenon. magaliTad,
sanam mowme raimes upasuxebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra aris fotoze asaxuli, unda dadgindes, rom foto konkretul adgils zustad asaxavs. audioCanaweris SemTxvevaSi unda dadgindes, rom Canaweri namdvilia da masSi araferia Camatebuli
an Secvlili (amoRebuli). Tu magaliTad, mowmes vinmes mier
daweril raimes uCveneben, advokatma unda daadginos, rom es
braldebulis, dazaralebulis, Tu vinc iqneba, mis mier aris
dawerili. Sesabamisad, Tu vinmes sTxoven aRweros, Tu ra
aris fotoze asaxuli, maSin vinmes, da savaraudod TviTon
mowmes unda hqondes micemuli Cveneba imis Taobaze, rom es
ganxiluli adgilis zusti aRwerilobaa. Tu amas adgili ar
hqonia, maSin mowinaaRmdege mxaris advokatma SekiTxva imaze
dayrdnobiT unda gaaprotestos, rom CvenebisTvis safuZveli
ar momzadebula.
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9. daculi informacia
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi.
muxli 15. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba
aravin aris valdebuli, Cveneba misces sakuTari Tavis an
sxva pirTa winaaRmdeg, romelTa wrec ganisazRvreba am kodeqsiT.
muxli 38. braldebulis ufleba-movaleobani
4. braldebuls SeuZlia nebismier dros gamoiyenos dumilis ufleba. Tu braldebuli irCevs dumilis uflebas,
es ar SeiZleba Sefasdes misi braleulobis damadasturebel
mtkicebulebad.
muxli 43. braldebulisa da misi advokatis urTierTobis
konfidencialuroba
1. braldebulis urTierToba mis advokatTan konfidencialuri da Tavisufalia.
2. konfidencialuria aseve piris braldebulad cnobamde
misi urTierToba mis SesaZlo advokatTan.
muxli 74. braldebulis Cveneba
1. braldebulis Cveneba aris mis mier sasamarTloSi micemuli informacia sisxlis samarTlis saqmis garemoebaTa
Sesaxeb.
2. Cvenebis micema braldebulis uflebaa.
3. braldebulis mier Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis an
cru Cvenebis micemis faqti ar SeiZleba Sefasdes misi braleulobis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad.
4. braldebulis aRiareba ar SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos
gamamtyunebel ganaCens, Tu igi ar dasturdeba misi braleulobis damadasturebeli sxva mtkicebulebiT.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis zemoT mocemuli
muxlebis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia im SekiTxvis gaprotesteba, romelic braldebulisgan dacul informacias iTxovs,
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1. iribi Cveneba
magaliTisaTvis, prokurorma mowmes Semdegi SekiTxviT
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mimarTa: `imyofeba Tu ara dRes sasamarTlo darbazSi pirovneba, romelmac 2010 wlis 14 ivliss WavWavaZis gamzirze banki
gaZarcva?~ mowmem ki Semdegi pasuxi gasca: `diax, rogorc
Cemma megobarma iraklim miTxra, es merabma gaakeTa da igi
iq zis.~ pasuxi aSkarad irib Cvenebas Seicavs, romelsac sasamarTlo procesze ukve warmodgenili veraviTari arsebiTi
mtkicebulebebi ver amyarebs. advokatma es unda gaaprotestos
da pasuxis oqmidan moxsnis Taobaze Suamdgomloba daayenos:
`vaprotesteb. pasuxi irib Cvenebas Seicavs, romelic sxva
mtkicebulebiT ar myardeba.~ Tu mosamarTle protests daakmayofilebs, maSin dacvis mxaris advokatma unda Tqvas: `vSuamdgomlob, raTa pasuxi oqmidan moixsnas da nafic msajulebs
ganemartoT, rom es konkretuli Cveneba mxedvelobaSi ar
miiRon.~ igive exeba nafic msajulTa gareSe sasamarTlosac.
2. Seusabamo pasuxebi
Seusabamoa pasuxi, rodesac mowmis pasuxi SekiTxvis arss
ar exeba. pasuxi SesaZloa mTlianad an nawilobriv Seusabamo iyos. rodesac pasuxi mTlianobaSi Seusabamoa, mxarem
mTliani pasuxi unda gaaprotestos. nawilobriv Seusabamo
pasuxis SemTxvevaSi pasuxi nawilobriv unda gaprotestdes.
magaliTad: `dainaxeT Tu ara, rom 2010 wlis 14 ivliss b-ni
zurabi mwvane BMW-s marTavda?~ pasuxi: `ara, me b-n zurabs
wlebia, rac vicnob da mas araerTxel aqvs CemTvis naTqvami,
rom BMW -s markis avtomobilebi ar moswons da maT arasodes marTavda.~ sityva `ara~ pasuxis erTaderTi nawilia,
romelic SekiTxvas exmianeba. mowinaaRmdege mxarem Semdegi
saxis protesti unda gamoTqvas: `vaprotesteb mTlian pasuxs
sityva `aras~ gamoklebiT.~ Tu mosamarTle protests daakmayofilebs, Semdeg mxare iSuamdgomlebs pasuxis dauSvebeli
nawilis moxsnisa da nafic msajulTa mier misi gauTvaliswineblobis Taobaze.
gasakviria, magram bevri prokurori/advokati aRar cvlis gaprotestebul kiTxvas, raTa pasuxis oqmidan moxsnili
nawili mowmis CvenebaSi miabrunos. cxadia, mxares aqvs ufle-
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ba, gaprotestebis SemTxvevaSi, Secvalos kiTxvis formulireba an mTlianad kiTxva da xelaxla swori formiT dasvas
SekiTxva an uzrunvelyos mowmis mier pasuxis marTebulad
gacemis SesaZlebloba.
3. safuZvels moklebuli Cveneba
arsebobs garkveuli SemTxvevebi, rodesac mowmis pasuxi
am safuZvliT unda gaprotestdes. magaliTad: `2010 wlis
14 ivliss midiodiT Tu ara WavWavaZis gamzirze?~ pasuxi:
`es is dRe iyo, rodesac iq merabma banki gaZarcva.~ SekiTxva
kargi iyo, radgan prokurori cdilobda safuZvlis momzadebas Zarcvis scenis aRwerisaTvis. pasuxi ki safuZvels moklebulia, radgan mowmis Cvenebis am etapze araferia dadgenili
imis Taobaze, rom igi WavWavaZeze swored im adgilas da
dros imyofeboda, raime dainaxa da raimes danaxvis poziciaSi
iyo. yvelas TvalSi ise Cans, TiTqos mis mier mowodebuli
informaciis wyaro misi megobari liaa da sasamarTlo procesze arsebiTi mtkicebulebebi jer gamokvleuli ar yofila.
kidev erTi magaliTi eqspertizas exeba: `gsmeniaT Tu ara
xanZris Sesaxeb, romelic 2010 wlis 30 agvistos WavWavaZis
gamziris #19-Si gaCnda?~ pasuxi: `diax, es cecxlis ganzrax
wakideba iyo, ris Sedegadac saxli bolomde daiwva.~ mxare
`diax~ sityvis Semdeg yvelafris Cvenebidan moxsnaze iSuamdgomlebda safuZvlianobis naklebobis motiviT. am etapze jer
arafriT yofila dadasturebuli, rom mowmes hqonda imis
SesaZlebloba scodnoda, cecxli ganzrax iyo wakidebuli
Tu ara. marTlac, jer isic ki ar iyo dadgenili, rom man
saxli naxa. iseve, rogorc nebismier sxvas, mowmesac SeeZlo
xanZris Sesaxeb gazeTSi waekiTxa, saidanac aseve gaigebda, rom
viRacis TqmiT es cecxlis ganzrax wakidebiT moxda. `diax~
sityvis Semdeg pasuxi aseve dauSvebelia da Seusabamo.
4. piradi mosazrebebi
eqspertebisgan gansxvavebiT, yvela sxva mowme faqtebTan
dakavSirebiT Cvenebis misacemad aris gamoZaxebuli. ase, magaliTad, Tu araeqspert mowmes ekiTxebian, Tu ras akeTebda
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353
354
355
356
saTaTbirod gasvlis drosac. aqve mniSvnelovania gaviTvaliswinoT, rom braldeba/dacva ecdeba instruqciebis maTeuli
interpretacia SesTavazon auditorias. miuxedavad imisa, rom
TaTbiri SesaZloa daexmaros msajulebs kanonis sworad gagebaSi, erToblivma ganxilvam aseve SeiZleba gamoiwvios erTi
an meti msajulis mier danarCeni Semadgenlobis gadabireba
instruqciis araswori interpretaciis safuZvelze.
Sesabamisad, rCeva da TaTbiri ver Seavsebs cudad ganmartebuli instruqciis defeqtebs.
miuxedavad imisa, rom instruqcia yovelTvis ver iqneba
Tanabrad gasagebi yvela msajulisaTvis, logikuri iqneba arsebobdes minimaluri moTxovna, rom nafici msajulebisaTvis
instruqciis ganmarteba gasagebi iyos saSualo, Cveulebrivi
nafici msajulisaTvis. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tavisuflad SegviZlia miviCnioT, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi msajulTa umravlesoba sworad gaigebs kanons.
praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT, SeiZleba CavTvaloT, rom saSualo nafic msajuls miRebuli aqvs saSualo ganaTleba (damTavrebuli aqvs skola). Sesabamisad, gonivrulia migvaCndes,
rom Cveni auditoria wera-kiTxvis SemZlea, 12- klasiani ganaTlebis donis standartiT. zogjer sasargebloa warmoidginoT, TiTqos romelime iuridiul cnebas Tqvens parikmaxers, Tqveni sayvareli restornis mimtans, an sxva, SedarebiT
`Cveulebriv~ adamians uxsniT.
SearCieT Sesaferisi stili da tonaloba
sasamarTlo darbazi oficialuri tipis garemoa. aseTma
garemom SesaZloa Sesabamisi oficaluri da zogjer gadaWarbebiT pompezuri enisa da saubris manerisaken gvibiZgos. gamonakliss arc mosamarTleebi warmoadgenen. garda amasa, nafici
msajulebisaTvis instruqcia erT-erTi iSviaT gamonaklisia,
rodesac mosamarTles SeuZlia mimarTos nafic msajulebs
sxdomis msvlelobisas. msgavs situaciebSi umravlesoba Cvengans surs maRalfardovani da zedmetad literaturuli enis
gamoyenebiT sakuTari erudicia gamoamJRavnos da kargi STabeWdileba datovos; magram oficialuri ena amcirebs Sinaarsis
gagebis albaTobas, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac esaubrebiT
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saSualoze dabali ganaTlebis mqone adamianebs, radgan literaturuli enis Seswavla skolaSi xdeba. amasTan, zedmeti
formaloba qmnis distancias mosaubresa da msmenels Soris.
Sesabamisad, nafic msajulTa instruqcia ar unda iyos gadatvirTuli oficialuri eniT. dRevandeli nafici msajulebi
ufro zedmiwevniT Seasruleben maTze dakisrebul movaleobas, Tuki eqnebaT gancda, rom isini simarTlis dasadgenad
momarTuli erTiani meqanizmis nawils warmoadgenen da ara
jariskacebs, romelTac sakuTari valis moxda imperatorma
ubrZana.
amavdroulad, garkveuli doziT formalobis SenarCuneba
Seaxsenebs procesis monawileebs procesis mniSvnelobas da
aRZravs pativiscemas sasamarTlo sistemis mimarT. quCis Jargoni yovlad Seusabamoa aseTi situaciisaTvis. rogorc sxva
mraval cxovrebiseul SemTxvevaSi, aqac sworeba `oqros Sualedze~ unda gakeTdes. zogadad, nafici msajulebisaTvis
instruqcia zomierad oficialuri, Tumca ara zedmetad gadatvirTuli dokumenti unda iyos.
gamoiyeneT logikuri struqtura
informaciis logikuri saxiT warmodgena bevrad amartivebs auditoriis mxridan mis aRqmas. ase magaliTad,
monaTxrobi ufro advilad aRsaqmelia, Tu mas qronologiur reJimSi movyvebiT. movlenebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba
araqronologiuri sizustiT an msmenelis `ukan dabrunebis~
teqnikis gamoyeneba SesaZloa saintereso xerxia literaturuli TvalsazrisiT, Tumca aseve SeiZleba damabneveli iyos
mkiTxvelisaTvis, romelic iZulebulia gabneuli informacia
erT logikur msvlelobad Sekras.
nafic msajulTa instruqcia ar mogviTxrobs ambavs, Sesabamisad qronologiuri organizacia naklebad gamogvadgeba.
Tumca, garkveulwilad, sasamarTlo procesis qronologia
gvTavazobs informaciis organizebis garkveul princips: SeecadeT nafic msajulebs informacia maSin miawodoT, rodesac
es maT winaSe arsebul amocanas Seesabameba. bevri mosamarTle
nafic msajulebs instruqcias praqtikulad procesis bolos
acnobs. Tumca, upriani iqneba maT garkveuli ZiriTadi xasi-
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360
1. teqnikuri terminologia
Cveulebriv adamians aqvs zogadi codna imis Sesaxeb, Tu
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362
noobis~ standarti). Tuki gonivruli eWvis standartis msgavsi sxva terminis axsna erTi-ori Cveulebrivi qarTuli sityviT ver moxerxda, maSin SesaZloa ukeTesi iyos is pirdapir
gamoviyenoT. aseT dros jer unda avxsnaT terminis mniSvneloba. araerT SemTxvevas hqonia adgili, rodesac nafic msajulebs TaTbiris dros leqsikonSi dauwyiaT sityvebis Zebna,
rac teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT aramarTebul qcevad iTvleba.
cnobilia, rom msgavsi SemTxvevebis dros ZiriTadad eZebdnen
Semdeg sityvebs: xelyofa, fizikurad gasworeba, braleuli,
sapatimro sasjeli, patimroba, meurveoba/mzrunveloba, provokacia, deduqcia, fsiqikuri aSliloba, iuridiuli Sedegi,
daudevroba, gadacdoma, motivi, mkvleloba, gaufrTxilebloba, sakuTreba, winaswari Secnoba, albaTobis testi, siaxloveSi myofi, keTilgonieri, Seusabamo/arajerovani, brunvaSi CaSveba (magaliTad, yalbi Cekis), danaSaulebrivi gulgriloba.
miuxedavd imisa, rom umravles SemTxvevebSi aseTi Secdomebi nafici msajulebis qcevaSi umtkivneuloa, Tavad msgavsi faqtebis arseboba imaze metyvelebs, rom nafic msajulebs
iSviaTad esmiT iuridiuli terminologia.
ra Tqma unda, mosamarTleebi ar iSureben mcdelobas
ganmarton sagnis ganmsazRvreli termini, Tumca xSirad aviwydebaT, rom sityvebi, romliTac ganmartebas vakeTebT ufro
martivi unda iyos, vidre Tavad gansamartavi sityva. ase magaliTad, arsebobs ramdenime SemTxveva, rodesac kaliforniis
nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobam sikvdiliT dasjis saqmeebze
mosTxova mosamarTles maTTvis ganemarta sityva `Semsubuqeba~ sabolood kaliforniam instruqcias daamata definicia, sadac axsnili iyo, rom `Semsubuqeba~ pasuxismgeblobis
xarisxze moqmedi, Tumca ara misi gamomricxveli garemoebaa,
rac albaT arcTu martivi axsnaa. nafic msajulebs, romlebsac `Semsubuqeba~ ar esmiT, albaT gauWirdebaT pasuxismgeblobis xarisxze moqmedi cnebis, mniSvnelobis wvdoma.
dabolos, zogierT teqnikur iuridiul frazasTan
mimarTebiT, adamianebi metwilad cdiloben `daSalon~ fraza
an gamoicnon misi mniSvneloba, magaliTisaTvis, xSirad miaCniaT, rom uaxloesi Sedegi niSnavs miaxloebiT Sedegs.
aseT SemTxvevebSi umjobesia saerTod Tavidan aviciloT
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msgavsi frazis gamoyeneba, Tumca es yovelTvis ar aris SesaZlebeli. Tuki msgavs situaciaSi aRmoCndiT, upriania ganumartoT nafic msajulebs, rom mocemul sityvas/frazas sxva
datvirTva da mniSvneloba aqvs. mag., miuTiToT: `gansxvavebiT
gavrcelebuli mniSvnelobisagan, mocemul SemTxvevaSi sityva/
fraza [CasviT] (ar) unda gavigoT, rogorc [ CasviT ]~.
2. teqnikuri terminebi, romlebic Cveulebriv metyvelebaSic gamoiyeneba
damatebiTi problema iqmneba, rodesac iuridiuli termini
literaturul enaSi sxva mniSvnelobiT aris cnobili. amas
`iuridiul omonimebs~ uwodeben. zogjer iuridiuli mniSvneloba ufro konkretulia, vidre zogadad miRebuli gansazRvreba. magaliTisTvis, umravlesobam icis, Tu ras niSnavs
cnebebi gonivrul eWvs miRma an daudevroba, Tumca mxolod
zogadi Sinaarsi esmiT. xalxi ver aRiqvams im niuansebs, romlebic xSir SemTxvevaSi saukuneebis manZilze ixveweboda
precedentebis meSveobiT. cxadia, sasurveli iqneba msgavsi
terminebi SeZlebisdagvarad Tavidan aviridoT da Tu amas
ver SevZlebT, maSin ganvmartoT. kidev ufro did problemas
warmoadgens iseTi iuridiuli sityvebi da frazebi, romelTa
iuridiuli Sinaarsi ara mxolod ufro konkretulia, aramed
principulad gansxvavdeba maTi Cveulebrivi mniSvnelobisagan.
magaliTisaTvis, termini piradi sakuTreba umetesoba adamianebisaTvis `piradi sagnebTan~ asocirdeba, Tumca iuridiulad
misi mniSvneloba sakuTrebis zogadi cnebisgan gansxvavdeba.
aseTive situaciaa individualur ganacxadTan mimarTebiT, umravlesobas is gancxadebad miaCnia, romelic ar aris dakavSirebuli raime sasamarTlo warmoebasTan. msgavs SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme inglisuri terminis mayhem-Tan mimarTebiT,
rac popularul inglisur enaze masiur areulobas, Rreobas
niSnavs, Tumca am terminis iuridiuli Sinaarsi dasaxiCrebas,
sxeulis an misi nawilebis daWras an/da damaxinjebas niSnavs. aucilebelia sifrTxiliT movekidoT yvela aseT termins, radgan maT SesaZloa Cveulebrivi adamiani SecdomaSi
Seiyvanon. garda amasa, fsiqologiurma kvlevebma aCvena, rom
damkvidrebuli terminebis SemTxvevaSi Zalze Znelia sityvis
misi ordinaruli aRqmisagan gansxvavebuli, teqnikuri mniSvnelobiT aRWurva.
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SesaZlo Canacvleba
CaTvla
Tqma, darigeba
maSin
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dadastureba
sarwmuno
qmedeba
diskreditacia
Seusabamoba
xarvezi
miukerZoebeli
ganpirobebulia SemdegiT
mexsierebis Cavardna
mimarTebiT
uwinares
Sesabamisad
miCneva
Semdgomi
utilizeba
utyuaroba
mxari dauWira
damajerebeli
saqcieli
ndobis dakargva
gansxvaveba
araswori
samarTliani, obieqturi
Tu
gulmaviwyoba,
uzusto mexsiereba
dakavSirebiT
sanam
mixedviT
CaTvla, aRiareba
Semdeg
gamoyeneba
simarTle
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Tareba. akademiuri wreebs miRma kognituri arc iseTi Cveulebrivi sityvaa, mis nacvlad umjobesia cnobieri an gonebrivi ganviTareba gamoviyenoT, Tumca sinonimis gamoyeneba
yovelTvis ar aris SesaZlebeli.
ganvixiloT mkvlelobis definicia, romelic winaswar
ganzraxvas iTvaliswinebs. kaliforniaSi es rTuli termini
ganmartebulia kanoniT (da asec unda iyos!), magram am SemTxvevaSi ganmarteba saqmes kidev ufro arTulebs! sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis 188-e muxlis mixedviT (aSS kanonmdebloba) winaswari ganzraxva saxeze gvaqvs, rodesac mkvlelobis
Tanmdevi garemoebebi aCvenebs piris mier qmedebisa da Sedegis
mimarT gulgril damokidebulebas.. cxadia, arc erT Cveulebriv adamians ar aqvs warmodgena ras unda niSnavdes piris
gulgrili damokidebuleba qmedebisa da damdgari Sedegisadmi
interpretaciis saSualebas iZleva.
am SemTxvevaSic, SesaZleblobis farglebSi saukeTeso
gamosavali iqneba saerTod ar gamoviyenoT msgavsi terminologia da adamianuri eniT avxsnaT saTqmeli. xSirad `mosamarTlis ganmarteba~ SeiZleba dagvexmaros terminis ganmartebaSi.
zogjer SesaZloa dagWirdeT sakuTari sityvebis gamoyeneba,
Tu mocemul sakiTxze ar arsebobs sasamarTlo praqtika,
an Tu Tavad `mosamarTlis ganmarteba~ rTuli iuridiuli
terminologiis gamoyenebiT aris gadmocemuli da savsea bundovani frazebiT. magaliTad, Tuki kanoniT ikrZaleba gayalbebuli Cekis brunvaSi CaSveba, sakmarisia vTqvaT, rom braldebuli damnaSavea, Tuki man yalbi CekiT gadaixada sagnebisa
Tu momsaxurebis safasuri. Cven amas vuwodebT `CanacvlebiT
midgomas~, radgan am gziT SesaZlebelia saerTod avaridoT
Tavi problemuri terminologiis gamoyenebas da is ufro
gasagebi terminebiT CavanacvloT.
mosamarTleebma, romlebsac eSiniaT sadaveebis gaSvebis,
Tuki isini kanonis enas gascdebian, SesaZloa amjobinon alternatiuli da arcTu sasurveli midgoma: `gansazRvrebiTi
midgoma~. mosamarTles SesaZloa ufro usafrTxod miaCndes
nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobas miuTiTos, rom braldebuli
damnaSavea mkvlelobaSi, Tuki man vinmes sicocxle mouswrafa
winaswari ganzraxviT da amis Semdeg ganmartos terminebi
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Cveulebrivi eniT. principSi, zogierTi iurisdiqciis midgoma iTvaliswinebs nafici msajulebisaTvis jer mTlianad
Sesabamisi kanonis teqstis wakiTxvas; mxolod amis Semdeg
xdeba Sinaarsis axsna. Sesabamisad, baTildeba argumenti, rom
msajulebs ar gaacnes kanoni; meore mxriv, aRniSnulma midgomam SesaZloa daabnios msajuli ori sxvadasxva standartis
warmodgeniT.
ar SegeSindeT nacvalsaxelebis!
prokurorebs/advokatebs
da
mosamarTleebs
aqvT
midrekileba gamoiyenon rac SeiZleba naklebi nacvalsaxeli,
gansakuTrebiT nacvalsaxelebi me da Sen. ase, magaliTad, Zveli drois instruqciebi, TiTqmis yovelTvis iwyeboda sityvebiT sasamarTlo miuTiTebs nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobas.
sakuTari Tavis mesame pirSi moxsenieba dRes cota maRalfardovnad gamoiyureba. xolo Tuki Tqven msajulebs esaubrebiT,
ratom ar unda mimarToT maT Tqven-obiT? Tu Tqven restoranSi mimtans sTxovT salaTis motanas, xom arasodes etyviT mas:
`klienti iTxovs, rom mimtanma mas salaTi moutanos.!~
prokurorebi/advokatebi da mosamarTleebi ara mxolod
Tavs arideben me da Sen nacvalsaxelebis gamoyenebas, maT
aseve axasiaTebT nacvalsaxelebis nacvlad arsebiTi saxelebis
ganmeorebiTi gamoyenebac. magaliTad, instruqciam SeiZleba
miuTiTos msajulebs: Tuki Tqven daadgenT braldebulis
braleulobas mkvlelobaSi, Semdeg unda gadawyvitoT Tu ra
Caidina braldebulma. mocemul winadadebaSi meored gamoyenebuli sityva `braldebulma~, SesaZlebelia `man~ nacvalsaxeliT CavanacvloT. yuradReba miaqcieT, rom am magaliTSi
arsebiTi saxelis nacvalsaxeliT Secvla ar xdis azrs ufro
bundovans, Sesabamisad, ar arsebobs misi gamoyenebis sawinaaRmdego mizezi.
SeecadeT arsebiTi saxelebis magier gamoiyenoT zmnebi.
naTeli komunikaciis kidev erTi zogadi principia gamoviyenoT zmnebi, rodesac moqmedebaze vsaubrobT da ara mimReoba/
zmnisgan nawarmoebi arsebiTi saxelebi.
kaliforniis Zveli instruqciis magaliTze naTlad Cans,
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sabolood, sirTuleebs qmnis ara winadadebis sigrZe, aramed misi wyobis sirTule. praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT, grZeli
winadadebebi TiTqmis yovelTvis ufro rTulia. ase rom, ecadeT mokle winadadebebi weroT. xSirad grZeli winadadebis
Semokleba sworad SerCeul adgilze wertilis CamatebiT
aris SesaZlebeli. kidev ufro xSiria, rodesac saWiro xdeba
winadadebis gadawera.
2. ecadeT martivi winadadebebi weroT
rogorc aRvniSne, mTavari safrTxe winadadebis sirTulea
da ara TavisTavad misi sigrZe. ganvixiloT, kaliforniis Statis instruqciis kidev erTi magaliTi:
arasodes ar CaTvaloT simarTled mowmisTvis SekiTxvaSi
Sefaruli miniSneba.
es winadadeba ar aris Zalian grZeli, samagierod CaxlarTulia. lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT is warmoadgens rigi
martivi winadadebebis sinTezs:
arasodes daijeroT raime pirdapir;
romelime miniSneba marTalia;
viRac usvams SekiTxvas mowmes;
SekiTxva gulisxmobs miniSnebas pasuxze.
winadadebis ase daSlis Semdeg, gamosavali naTelia. terminologiis gaTvaliswinebiT, SegviZlia gadavaadgiloT sityvaTa wyoba da xelaxla SevaerToT martivi winadadebebi or
an met gasageb winadadebad.
viRacam SesaZloa dausva mowmes mimaniSnebeli SekiTxva.
Tqven ar unda CaTvaloT, rom miniSneba sinamdviles asaxavs.
ukeTesia, Tuki Tavidanve CamovyalibdebiT imaze, ra cnebebis Sesaxeb gvinda nafic msajulTa informireba. aq mTavari
idea is aris, rom kiTxvebi, gansxvavebiT mowmis pasuxisagan,
ar warmoadgens mtkicebulebas.
Semdeg unda vuTxraT nafic msajulebs, rom kiTxvebi SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos mowmis pasuxis gasagebad. amavdroulad, Cven sulac ar gvsurs, rom msajulebma Tavad kiTxvebze
an maT formulirebaze dayrdnobiT gamoitanon daskvna, amitom
SesaZloa instruqcia Semdegnairad CamovayaliboT:
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imis nacvlad rom davweroT: kiTxvebi faqtebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic Tqven wargedginaT, SesaZlebelia winadadeba
Semdegnairad SevamokloT: Tqvens winaSe wardgenili kiTxvebi faqtebTan dakavSirebiT, Tumca instruqciis Sedgenisas
upiratesoba pirveli variants unda mivaniWoT. igive iTqmis
rom kavSiris Sesaxeb _ (me vfiqrob [rom] is aucileblad
dabrundeba) da Tu _ nawilakebTan mimarTebiT, romlebic
zogjer SegviZlia amoviRoT winadadebidan (mag., me gavigone
[Tu] rogor datova man saxli), Tumca es yovelTvis rodi
xdis winadadebas metad gasagebs.
nafici msajulebisaTvis instruqciis Sedgenis
konkretuli principebi
naTlad da Tanmimdevrulad gansazRvreT mxareebi
Zalzed mniSvnelovania gansazRvroT, naTlad da Tanmimdevrulad CamoayaliboT, Tu vin arian sasamarTlo procesis
mxareebi, iseve, rogorc procesis sxva monawileni. umetesoba
Cvengans waukiTxavs rusuli moTxrobebi, romlebSic personaJs pirvel gverdze borisiT mimarTaven, meoreze ki _aleqseeviCiT, xolo SemdgomSi is romanovi xdeba. aseTi gadasvlebi
literaturul JanrSi SesaZlebelia, magram maTi adgili ar
aris nafic msajulTa instruqciaSi. braldebuls yovelTvis
saxeliT (batoni Tengizi) an braldebuliT, an sxva romelime
winaswar SerCeuli saxeliT unda mivmarToT. saukeTeso gamosavalia braldebuli pirdapir saxeliT an braldebulad movixsenioT. zogierTi ar eTanxmeba am mosazrebas, radgan miiCnevs rom baton Tengizis braldebulad moxseniebas qveteqsti
gaaCnia, romelic qvecnobierad zrdis imis daSvebis SesaZleblobas, rom swored man Caidina danaSauli. miuxedavad imisa,
rom aucilebelia instruqciis Sedgenisas Tavidan aviciloT
yovelgvari mikerZoeba, aseTi SiSi gadaWarbebulia, Tumca igi
naTlad aCvenebs, Tu ramdenad problemuri SeiZleba gaxdes,
erTi SexedviT uniSvnelo Tema. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, braldebulis saxeliT moxsenieba, albaT saukeTeso midgomaa.
msgavs problemebs vawydebiT braldebis mxaris mimarTvi-
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sas. ZiriTadi rekomendaciaa gamoviyenoT terminebi: prokurori, braldeba, xelisufleba, an saxelmwifo. romeli sityvac
ar unda airCioT, gaxsovdeT, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania
misi Tanmimdevruli gamoyeneba.
moiSvelieT magaliTebi rTuli sakiTxis asaxsnelad
magaliTi an sailustracio nimuSi xSirad aucilebeli
atributia sakiTxis kargad asaxsnelad. magaliTebi exmareba
adamianebs warmoidginon da daimaxsovron iseTi faqtebi, rac
sxva SemTxvevaSi albaT daaviwydebodaT. isaak niutonis Tavze
vaSlis vardnis amsaxvelma ilustraciam gravitaciis Zalis
koncefcia myarad CabeWda Cvens mexsierebaSi. aSS-Si, miuxedavad imisa, rom mosamarTleebma kargad ician magaliTebis
Zala da fasi, sifrTxiliT ekidebian maT gamoyenebas instruqciaSi. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba
`Semrisxvel~ saapelacio instancias araerTxel gauuqmebia im
motiviT, rom qveda instanciis mosamarTlem jerovnad ver axsna kanoni da sakuTari ganmartebiT gadaxara gadawyvetileba
erT-erTi mxaris sasargeblod. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi
mtkicebulebis tvirTTan mimarTebiT instruqciis gansakuTrebiT faqizi Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, albaT mozanSewonilia ar
moviyvanoT magaliTebi an ilustraciebi am Temaze.
miuxedavad imisa, rom magaliTebi frTxilad (saTuTad)
unda SeirCes, isini gansakuTrebiT kargi damxmare masalaa
rTuli cnebebis axsnisa da CvenebisaTvis. SeuZlebelia magaliTis gareSe Tundac iseTi cnebis gaazreba, rogoricaa pirdapiri da iribi mtkicebuleba. arsebobs magaliTebis mTeli
arsenali TovlSi nakvalebTan an svel qolgebTan dakavSirebiT; sxva sakiTxebze utyuari magaliTebis moZiebas SesaZloa
meti Zalisxmeva dasWirdes, magram TavisTavad mcdeloba amad
Rirs.
SeqmeniT danaSaulis niSnebis amsaxveli TvalsaCino forma
miuxedavad imisa, rom arc erTi formati ar aris saukeTeso, kargi forma SedarebiT konkretuli unda iyos da
acnobdes msajulebs sakuTar movaleobebs. forma unda uxsnides msajuls, Tu vis akisria mtkicebis tvirTi. naTlad
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zogierTi sakiTxi, romelic sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze daniSnuli nafici msajulebisaTvis daweril instruqcias exeba
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs
udanaSaulobis prezumfciisa da mtkicebis tvirTis ganmartebas. mtkicebis tvirTi braldebas akisria.
xSirad braldebis strategiasTan aSkara dapirispirebis
nacvlad dacvis mxare sakuTar strategias imaze agebs, rom
braldebam ver SeZlo gonivrul eWvs miRma standartiT mtkicebis tvirTis dakmayofileba. amasTan, mosamarTleebi aSS-Si,
romlebic qmnian instruqciebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze,
Zalze Znelad sildebian kanonis teqsts. rac ar unda gasagebi iyos mosamarTleTa konservatuli Sexedulebebi am mxriv,
warmoidgineT raoden patara gavlena eqneboda aT mcnebas Tanamedrove msoflioze, misi teqsti Tanamedrove literaturul enebze rom ar eTargmnaT. statiis am nawilSi, romelic
sisxlis samarTals eTmoba, ganvixilavT aRniSnul dilemasTan
brZolis strategiebs, kerZod ki: rogor davrCeT sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis erTgulni da amavdroulad Cveulebrivi
eniT visaubroT. aRniSnuli dilemis winaSe mosamarTle xSirad dgeba, rodesac gascems miTiTebas gonivruli eWvis stan-
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aseTi terminologia sxva mxrivac ukiduresad arapersonificirebulia: sityva `Sen~ faqtobrivad ar gamoiyeneba, nafic msajulebs mesame pirSi moixsenieben (msajulebs darCaT
gancda). dabolos, gonivruli eWvis gansazRvreba faqtobrivad sruliad uaryofis konteqstSia mocemuli (es ar aris
Cveulebrivi SesaZlo eWvi; nafic msajulebs ar SeuZliaT
darwmunebiT miiCnion da ganacxadon...), xolo ganmartebaSi
aqa-iq Caqsovili maRalfardovani leqsika XIX saukunis himnis surneliTaa gaJRenTili.
rogor SeiZleba aRniSnuli instruqciis gamosworeba?
gonivruli eWvis araerTi definicia amerikul iurisdiqciebSi ZiriTadad saSinlad grZeli da CaxlarTulia. inglisSi mosamarTleebs SeuZliaT ubralod miuTiTon nafic msajulebs, rom aucilebelia isini `darwmundnen~. saeWvoa, rom
aseTi martivi gamosavali misaRebi iyos aSS-s praqtikisaTvis,
sadac jadosnuri fraza `gonivrul eWvs miRma~ ase myarad
aris damkvidrebuli sisxlis samarTalSi. aSS-Si arsebuli
zogierTi iurisdiqcia saerTod ar ganmartavs am frazas,
radgan is Cveulebrivi msajulisaTvis sakmarisad gasagebad
miaCnia. udavoa, rom Tavad sityvebi ucxo ar aris, saqme
imaSia, Tu ramdenad SeiZina mTlianad frazam misi Semadgeneli sityvebis jamisgan gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba.standartis
zusti saxe icvleba sxvadasxva teritoriuli iurisdiqciis
mixedviT, Tumca nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobis mier gonivrul eWvs miRma standartze msjelobisas:
1. maT unda gaiTvaliswinon yvela Sesabamisi mtkicebuleba, romelic daSvebul iqna procesze;
2. mtkicebulebebma isini unda daarwmunos faqtis namdvilobaSi;
3. maT imdenad myari rwmena unda hqondeT, rom nakleb
savaraudo iyos maT mier azris Secla momdevno etapze.
am standartis gamoxatva SedarebiT ufro martivi eniT
iqneba SesaZlebeli, Tuki gamoviyenebT zogierTi federaluri
da Statis sasamarTloebis praqtikaSi arsebul termins `mtkiced darwmunebuli~:
rodesac vambobT, rom faqtis namdviloba `unda damtkicdes gonivrul eWvs miRma~ es niSnavs, rom Tqven Cem mier
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ma SesaZloa ar CaTvalon misi srulad amoReba saWirod, radgan SesaZloa es termini msajulebs sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsTan mimarTebiT xmarebaSi SexvdeT, an/da imitom, rom Tavad
isini [iuristebi] miCveulni arian am terminis gamoyenebas.
amitomac, mcire raodenobis sityvebisgan Semdgari saxeldaxelo terminlogiuri leqsikonis moyvana instruqciis teqstSi
arcTu urigo azria, magram aucilebelia terminebi sworad
iyos ganmartebuli.
(winaswari) ganzraxva _ ganmarteba
ganzraxva SeiZleba iyos pirdapiri an arapirdapiri.
[pirdapir ganzraxvad CaiTvleba aSkara ganzraxva piris
sicocxlis xelyofisa] (AaSS, kalifornia).
arapirdapiria ganzraxviT/ gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenili
danaSauli, rodesac:
1. mkvleloba dadga marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Sedegad.
2. qmedebis Sedegi safrTxes warmoadgens adamianis sicocxlisaTvis; da
3. piri iTvaliswinebda marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis
dadgomis SesaZleblobas da Segnebulad uSvebda an
gulgrilad ekideboda mas.
damnaSavis fsiqikuri damokidebuleba arapirdapiria ganzraxviT/gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenili danaSauls dros,
aucileblad ar gulisxmobs borot survils anda msxverplis
mimarT zizRs.
fraza winaswari (pirdapiri) ganzraxviT ar gulisxmobs
drois xangrZlivi periodis gasvlis kriteriums. is mxolod
miuTiTebs, rom danaSauli winaswari SecnobiT unda iyos Cadenili (anu gaanalizeba win unda uswrebdes qmedebas).
am SemTxvevaSic, gamoyenebuli ena zedmetad oficialuria,
amasTan, aucilebelia nafic msajulTaTvis informaciis miwodeba iseT samarTlebriv sakiTxebze, rogoricaa: pirdapiri
da arapirdapiri ganzraxva, raTa maT SeZlon am or cnebas
Soris mniSvnelovani gansxvavebis gaTaviseba. Tumca, arsebuli
praqtikidan gamomdinare am or cnebas Soris gansxvaveba nafic
msajulTa verdiqtze didad ar aisaxeba, radgan msajulebs,
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daskvniTi SeniSvnebi
winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos mizania iuristebisaTvis im
ZiriTadi unar-Cvevebis gadacema, romlebic maT SejibrebiTobis sistemaSi sasamarTlo procesebis warmatebiT CatarebisTvis esaWiroebaT. saxelmZRvanelos ar aqvs imis pretenzia,
rom warmatebul prokurorad/advokatad qcevisTvis saWiro
yvela unar-Cvevas Seicavs.
mkiTxvelma unda moiZios sxva saswavlo masala, romelic
sasamarTlo praqtikis sxva sferoebs Seexeba. mxolod mudmivi praqtikis safuZvelze SeZlebs prokurori/advokati im
unar-Cvevebis daxvewas, romelTa gareSec SeuZlebelia iyo
WeSmariti profesionali.
dabolos, imisaTvis rom, miaRwioT warmatebas sasamarTlo procesze, iyaviT SemoqmedebiTi da moemzadeT, moemzadeT
da kidev erTxel moemzadeT!
gisurvebT warmatebebs!
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saxelmZRvanelo
sasamarTlo
unar-CvevebSi
gamomcemloba `meridiani~,
al. yazbegis gamz. #47
t. 239-15-22
E-mail: davideku1@mail.ru
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