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yovelTviuri literaturul _
sazogadoebrivi Jurnali
mTavari redaqtori
amiran gomarTeli
saredaqcio sabWo
mT. redaqtoris moadgileebi
baRaTer arabuli
soso goliaZe
andro bedukaZe
redaqtorTa jgufi
andro buaCiZe
Tamar gelitaSvili
elza metreveli
vano amirxanaSvili
naira bepievi
levan bregaZe
daviT TedoraZe
zviad kvaracxelia
esma kokoskeria
giorgi lobJaniZe
avTandil nikoleiSvili
nino sadRobelaSvili
Tamaz tyemalaZe
rezo WeiSvili
Temur Wkuaseli
besik xaranauli
kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa
qeTevan merkvilaZe
grafikuli ilustraciebi
mariam gogiliZisa
garekanis pirvel da
meoTxe gverdebze:
niko firosmani
`arsenalis mTa RamiT~ da
`aleqsandre mamuCaraSvilis
portreti~
Tavmjdomare
Jurnali gamodis
Tbilisis municipalitetis
finansuri mxardaWeriT
sarCevi
firosmanis dabruneba
osip mandelStami
cota ram qarTul
xelovnebaze.
cenzura da literatura
andro buaCiZe
104
cnobili akrZaluli
wignebi
axali Targmanebi
Tavadi lotreamoni
maldororis simRerebi.
gia marsagiSvili
niko firosmanaSvilis
axlad dadgenili
ferwera da ucnobi
detalebi
poezia
qeTevan naTelaZe
nino WinWarauli
zaza suyaSvili
dramaturgia
guram baTiaSvili
saba.
piesa
poezia
Tamuna lafauri
irakli vaSaymaZe
`Cemi qveynisa dideba
Zveli~...
giorgi alibegaSvili
aTonis wmida mTis
qarTvelTa lavra
eseistika
nugzar zazanaSvili
sofialogia derJavis
samsaxurSi
`ciskari~ bavSvebs
aza baslaniZe
leqsebi
vasil guleuri
zRapari da leqsebi
gaga naxucriSvili
ori zRapari
109
15
20
23
27
56
61
afxazi mwerali
`ciskarSi~
mixail lakerbai
stumari.
Tarmna m. asaTianma
`ciskari~ afxaz
mweralze
tristan maxauri
mixail lakerbais `stumari~ da misi literaturul-folkloruli paralelebi.
64
83
artreviu
marika kaxaZe
xidi gansxvavebul
kulturebs Soris
95
100
137
wignebi recenziebi
zaza abzianiZe
dakarguli identobis
ZiebaSi
91
133
147
155
xelmowerebis gasaformeblad
dagvikavSirdiT telefonis
nomrebze:
591 20 25 40;
599 56 56 44;
591 30 75 09
firosmanis dabruneba
p sip
n andelStami
cota ram qarTul xelovnebaze
osip mandelStami (1891-1938) _ XX saukunis erT-erTi didi, ebrauli warmomavlobis, rusi poeti. misi leqsebi germanul enaze Targmna aseve did poetad
Seracxilma paul celanma. aman kidev ufro Zlieri qarizma Semata osip mandelStamis saxels.
saqarTveloSi mandelStami pirvelad 1920 wels Camovida, ufro swori iqneba Tu vityviT, is bedisweram gadmoisrola _ yirimSi ukandaxeulma vrangelis
mxardamWerebma daakaves, radgan bolSevikebis jaSuSi egonaT. mas jer daxvretas
upirebdnen, mere barJaze dasves da baTumisken gamoamgzavres. baTumSi sapatimrodan poeti tician tabiZem gamoixsna da Tbilisisken gamoistumra, ase daiwyo
misi mogzauroba qarTuli kulturis wiaRSi.
mandelStamis maspinZlebi `cisferyanwelebi~ iyvnen. maT aziares es saocari
poeti qarTul literaturul klasikasa da xelovnebas, yofasa da xasiaTs. vaJas SemoqmedebiT STagonebulma poetma Targmna `gogoTur da afSina~. meored
mandelStami saqarTveloSi 1930 wels, meuRlesTan erTad Camovida. miuxedavad
saqarTvelosTan arcTu ise xangrZlivi urTierTobisa, man Rrmad gaiazra qarTuli kulturis TviTmyofadi xasiaTi.
rusul poeziaSi arsebobs qarTuli tradicia. rodesac gasuli aswleulis Cveni poetebi saqarTveloze
laparakoben, maTi xma uCveulo qalur sirbiles iZens da TviTon leqsic rogorRac rbil, TiTqos tenian
atmosferoSi iZireba:
...*
iqneb, mTel qarTul poeziaSic ver
moiZioT ori iseTi leqsi, ise qarTulad mTvrali da surnelovani, rogorc lermontovis ori striqonia:
.*
firosmanis dabruneba
4
niWiT _ rac damaxasiaTebelia erovnuli xasiaTisaTvis, msubuqi Trobis
umanko suliT, erTgvari melanqoliuri da sanadimo ganwyobiT, romliTac savsea am xalxis suli da istoria. qarTuli erosi _ ai, ra izidavdaT rus poetebs. sxvisi siyvaruli CvenTvis mudam iyo sakuTarze
Zvirfasi da axlobeli. saqarTvelom
ki diaxac icoda siyvaruli. misi Zveli xelovneba _ mis xuroTmoZRvarTa, fermwerTa, poetebis ostatoba _
gaJRenTilia natifi siyvaruliTa da
gmiruli sifaqiziT.
diax, kultura maTrobelaa. qarTvelebi Rvinos viwroyelian, grZel
qvevrebSi inaxaven da maT miwaSi flaven. swored es aris qarTuli kulturis pirvelsaxe. miwam Semoinaxa
am viwroyeliani WurWlis tradiciuli, amavdroulad keTilSobiluri da
mxatvruli forma _ savse duRiliTa
da aromatiT. is, rac ar Cans kulturis zedapirze _ garegnul niSnebSi,
aris swored suli Trobisa, nayofi
idumali Sinagani duRilisa: miwaSi
Cafluli RviniT savse viwroyeliani
amfora.
arasodes rusul kulturas saqarTvelosTvis Tavs ar mouxvevia Tavisi
Rirebulebebi. am mxaris rusifikacia
arasdros gascilebia administraciuli yofis formebs. gasuli saukunis
dasawyisis rusma administratorebma voroncov-daSkovis meTaurobiT,
romlebmac am qveynis ekonomikuri
cxovreba daamaxinjes da sazogadoeba daTrgunes, ver SeZles, Sexebodnen
yofierebas da mas Tavisda uneburad
pativs miagebdnen, xolo saqarTvelos kulturul rusifikaciaze laparakic SeuZlebeli iyo. amitomac
saqarTvelos erovnuli da politikuri TviTgamorkveva, mkveTrad rom
gaimijna or periodad _ saqarTvelos gasabWoebamde da Semdeg _ qar-
osip mandelStami
es namuSevrebi _ es aris qarTuli xelovnebis namdvili gamarjveba aRmosavleTze da ra ususuria maT winaSe odesRac pikasos mier damtvreuli
violinos acekvebuli nafotebi, ramac axali qarTuli ferwera daipyro.
am violinosac igive bedi ewia, rac
bermonazonTa TaRliTur relikviebs
_ violino iyo erTi, is erTxel daamtvries, magram ar moiZebneba qalaqi,
sadac ar giCveneben namsxvrevebs _ ai
pikasos natexi!
enis sicocxle gaxsnilia yvelasTvis, TiToeuli Cvengani laparakobs,
monawileobs enis yofaSi da yoveli
naTqvami sityva axal kvals tovebs
masze. ferweris enis ganviTarebaze
dakvirvebis SesaniSnav SesaZleblobas
gvaZlevs firniSebi, kerZod tfilisuri, Cvens Tvalwin rom gadaizrdeba
firosmanaSvilis yovlismomcvel xelovnebaSi.
niko firosmanaSvili firniSebis
ubralo, gaunaTlebeli mxatvari iyo.
is muSambaze, sam ferSi werda _ JangmiwiT, mwvane miwiT da naxSiriT (ruxi
feris yvela variaciiT). misi damkveTebi, tfiliseli meduqneebi, saintereso siuJetebs moiTxovdnen da isic
guls aravis wyvetda. erT-erT naxatze misive xeliT gakeTebuli minaweri
amovikiTxe _ ` ~
(orTografias vicav). SeuZlebelia, qedi ar mouxaro mis `uwignur~ (araanatomiur) lomebs, SesaniSnav aqlemebs,
romelTac zomebiT sruliad ar Seesabamebian adamianTa figurebi da karvebi
da romlebic sibrtyes mxolod feris
ZaliT amarcxeben. frangebs rom raime
scodnodaT firosmanaSvilis arsebobis Sesaxeb, saqarTveloSi Camovidodnen, raTa misgan ferwera eswavlaT. ise
ki, amas male Seityoben imdenad, ramdenadac uyuradRebod mitovebuli misi
naxatebi TiTqmis mTlianad ucxoeTSia
gaziduli.
5
Tanamedrove qarTuli xelovnebis
kidev erTi gamovlineba _ evropuli
Rirebulebis mqone _ es aris poeti vaJa-fSavela. is ukve mravalgzis
gamosca `narkomprosma~ da axal saqarTveloSi vaJa-fSavelas erTgvari
kultic ki iqmneba, magram, RmerTo
Cemo, raoden mcirea misi uSualo gavlena axal qarTul poeziaze!.. es iyo
sityvis namdvili qariSxali, mTel saqarTvelos rom gadauara da Zirfesvianad daTxara xeebi.
misi poemebis xatovaneba, Tavisi
lamis Suasaukuneobrivi sidiadiT,
stiqiuria. maTSi boboqrobs nivTieri, xelSesaxebi samyaro, yofiereba.
yovelive, razec is laparakobs, Zalauneburad iqceva saxed, xatad, magram
poets sityva ecotaveba _ igi sityvas
TiTqos nawilebad glejs kbilebiT,
farTod iyenebs uamisodac vnebiani
temperamentis mqone qarTul fonetikas.
axalma qarTulma poeziam ise gadaitana vaJa-fSavela, rogorc grigali
da axla aRar icis, ra mouxerxos mis
memkvidreobas.
amJamad qarTul poezias warmoadgens egreT wodebuli jgufi `cisferyanwelebi~ _ paolo iaSvilisa
da tician tabiZis xelmZRvanelobiT
_ romlis rezidenciac tfilisSia.
`cisferyanwelebs~ saqarTveloSi ise
eTayvanebian, rogorc SemoqmedebiTi
sferos uzenaes msajulT, Tumc ki
Tavad isini RmerTma gansajos. franguli modernizmisadmi _ Tanac rusuli Targmanebis, `sxvisi xelis~ waSvelebiT aRqmulis _ monuri morCilebiT aRzrdilni, isini elaqucebian
sakuTr Tavs da mkiTxvels bodlerianobaze, artur remboseul gabedulebasa da gamartivebul demonizmze
dafuZnebuli iaffasiani ritorikuli nayeniT. yovelive es Sezavebulia
yofierebis zedapiruli egzotikiT.
firosmanis dabruneba
6
maT gverdi auara ukanaskneli ocwleulis rusuli poeziis aRmavlobam.
CvenTvis isini arian penza Tu tambovi... erTaderTi rusi poeti, romelmac maTze zegavlena moaxdina _ es
aris andrei beli, ucxoelTaTvis es
mistikuri rusi verbickaia.
qarTuli literaturis meore mimdinareoba _ konservatuli _ sruliad uferulia. literaturuli cxovreba uCveulod xmauriania da myvirala, uamravi disputiT, kamaTiT, banketiTa da ganxeTqilebiT. am amaoebaTa
elza metrevelma
firosmanis dabruneba
h ia
n arsagiSvili
niko firosmanaSvilis axlad dadgenili
ferwera da ucnobi detalebi
mimdinare wlis 1 ivniss londonis auqcionze gamotanili iyo niko firosmanaSvilis Sedevri _ `arsenalis mTa RamiT~. auqcionze SeZenis Semdeg naxati
saqarTvelos daubrunda, rasac baton biZina ivaniSvils unda vumadlodeT.
es Cvens samuzeumo cxovrebaSi msoflios prestiJul auqcionze xelovnebis
muzeumisaTvis esoden mniSvnelovani ferweris SeZenis pirveli SemTxvevaa.
movlena xelovnebis muzeumis damaarseblebis: eqvTime TayaiSvilis, dimitri
SevardnaZis, irodion sonRulaSvilis, Salva amiranaSvilis da sxvaTa didi
Rvawlis gagrZelebaa. xelovnebis muzeumis saganZurs 2007 wels, batoni biZina ivaniSvilis meSveobiT, aseve Seemata gasayidad gamzadebuli varcixis xati _ `RvTismSobeli yrmiT~.
1999-2001 wlebSi niko firosmanaSvilis memkvidreobis Semswavlelma sareestro komisiam (romlis wevri mec
viyavi) xelovnebis muzeumis axali da
Tanamedrove qarTuli ferweris fondSi daculi aleqsandre mamuCaraSvilis portretis Seswavla daiwyo
(Tunuqi, zeTi, 71X39 sm. inv. #226).
komisiam namuSevris avtorad ar miiCnia niko firosmanaSvili da ferwera
firosmanis wres miakuTvna. aseTi daskvna, albaT, imanac ganapiroba, rom am
genialuri mxatvris xelovneba dRemde
jerovnad ar aris Seswavlili, Tumc
mogvianebiT mikvleulma dokumentma
gaabaTila komisiis daskvna da cxadyo:
aleqsandre mamuCaraSvilis portreti
namdvilad niko firosmanaSvilis adreuli Semoqmedebis nimuSia.
am sakiTxze qvemoT dawvrilebiT
firosmanis dabruneba
8
SeuZlebelia, adamianma gamudmebiT
svas da amave dros dagvitovos didi
SemoqmedebiTi memkvidreoba. SedarebiT obieqtur monacemebs firosmanaSvilis `bohemuri~ cxovrebis Sesaxeb
poetisa da publicistis, vefxo akobaSvilis, axlad mikvleul CanawerebSi vxvdebiT, romelsac literaturis
muzeumis arqivSi muSaobisas wavawydiT (masalis mikvlevaSi didi daxmareba gagviwia arqivis TanamSromelma
_ daviT buaCiZem, risTvisac madlobas vuxdiT mas). CvenTvis aqamde ucnobi mogonebebi avtobiografiuli
xasiaTisaa. igi, savaraudod, 1967-68
wlebSia dawerili (giorgi leoniZis
saxelobis literaturis muzeumi,
mogonebaTa fondi, #023840, `v. akobaSvilis mogonebebi~, manqanaze nabeWdi 26 gverdi), XX saukunis pirveli naxevris Tbilisis literaturul
cxovrebas asaxavs da, rac mTavaria,
sxva, arsebuli monacemebisgan mkveTrad gansxvavebul informacias gvawodebs firosmanis cxovrebis Sesaxeb:
`zogs iseTi warmodgena aqvs firosmanze, TiTqos is ise Tvreboda,
rom saxlSi wasvlis Tavi aRar hqonda, baRSi wveboda da iZinebda. ara,
vinc ase fiqrobs, is scodavs.
firosmans mTeli dReebi Rvinis
sardafSi uxdeboda muSaoba, misi sacxovrebeli binac jurRmuliviT bneli, nestiani, umzeo da uhaero iyo.
igi danatrebuli iyo sufTa haers,
mzes, bunebas da isic, nasvami iyo Tu
fxizeli, xSirad gamodioda baRSi da
iq isvenebda, bunebis laRi Svili bunebis wiaRSi eZebda gancxromas, ocnebas, myudroebasa da mosvenebas. mxolod aq iviwyebda is Tavis gaWirvebas,
usasoobas, dardsa da yelamde mosul
boRmas. amisaTvis mas nu davZraxavT,
baRSi Zils loTobaSi nu CamovarTmevT, RmerTs nu vcodavT.
zogjer vfiqrob xolme: firos-
gia marsagiSvili
9
Tan, magram Zveli binidan sadRac gadasuliyo... ramdenime bavSvma ikisra
firosmanaSvilis moZieba. gavyevi maT,
SemoviareT didube, vagzlisa da malaknebis quCebze mdebare sardafebi da ezoebi, magram pasuxi yvelgan
erTi iyo: didi xania, ar gvinaxavso,
_ gveubnebodnen meduqneebi da restornis patronebi~.
1916 wels, zafxulis bolos, TbilisSi, Tavisi mSoblebis binaze, ilia
zdaneviCma firosmanaSvilis namuSevrebis erTdRiani gamofena moawyo.
gamofenis daTvalierebis Semdeg mose
ToiZem mxatvris dasacavad `saxalxo
furcelSi~ dabeWda statia _ `niko
firosmanaSvili da misi naxatebi~:
`axla firosmanaSvili arsad Cans,
vin uwyis, cocxalia igi Tu mkvdari.
mas veRar vuSveliT, mxolod unda
vicodeT, Tu sadme aris misi naxatebi darCenili, SevkriboT da muzeumSi viqonioT~. _ ase amTavrebs werils
mose ToiZe.
niko firosmanis Tbilisidan gauCinareba gazeT `saxalxo furclis~
suraTebian damatebaSi (gazeTi #620,
damateba #111, kvira, 10 ivlisi) masze uxamsi karikaturis dabeWdvis Semdeg dReebs emTxveva.
savaraudod, swored am gauCinarebas unda avsebdes vefxo akobaSvilis
mogoneba:
`erTxel gogla leoniZesTan kabinetSi Seveswar avWalel moxucebul
adamians, romelic kargad icnobda
firosmans. goglas sagangebod daebarebina es moxuci. saxeli da gvari
aRar maxsovs~. mogonebis mixedviT,
goglas uTxovia vefxosTvis, monayolis Cawera gaegrZelebina. akobaSvili
ori an sami wlis Semdeg amgvarad ixsenebs moxucis monaTxrobs:
`am moxucs avWalaSi hqonia duqani... erT weliwads (ar maxsovs romeli
weliwadi daasaxela) avWalaSi misu-
firosmanis dabruneba
10
la firosmani, misi duqnis win, meore
sarTulze, dauqiravebia erTi patara
oTaxi da dauwyia cxovreba.
_ qalaqs veRar gavuZeli, wamovedi, iqneb aq mainc cota davisvenoo. _
uTqvams firosmans.
Turme yoveldRe am duqanSi sadilobda da vaxSmobda.
moxucma agviwera firosmanis agebuleba: maRali, Savgvremani, Savi didi TvalebiT, Savi wver-ulvaSiT, naRvliani gamometyvelebiT, Savi pijakiT,
Savi, gverdze daRiluli xalaTiT da
yvelaferi iseTi, rogorc marTla iyo
da rogoric me xSirad minaxavs.
gasula dro da firosmans saxlSi
miuyvania avWaleli qali da masTan
dauwyvia cxovreba.
_ amis Semdegao, _ ambobs moxuci,
_ firosmani duqanSi aRar sadilobda,
waiRebda kerZebs saxlSi, TiTo Careqa
Rvinos gaayolebda da ojaxur cxovrebas eweodao.
xSirad saxlSic akeTebdnen sadilebs.
firosmani sulierad isvenebda da
nayofierad muSaobda.
me mgonia, es is periodia, roca firosmani gaqra Tbilisidan, roca mas
eZebdnen da veRar poulobdnen.
_ magram firosmani didxans aRar
gaCerebula avWalaSi, isev TbilisSi
dabrunebula da is qalic Tan wamouyvania. qali cota xans darCenila TbilisSi da isev avWalaSi dabrunebula.
amis Semdeg firosmani aRar gamoCenila. _ ase amTavrebs moxuci Tavis saintereso mogonebas firosmanze~.
saubari 1965 wlis zafxulSi Cauweria vefxo akobaSvils: `goglam es
masala Cado specialur portfelSi,
romelSic mxolod firosmanze Segrovili mogonebebi inaxeboda. iqve
iyo Cemi mogoneba firosmanze~.
samwuxarod, im dRes es portfeli
sanayineSi daikarga (dakargvis faqti
gia marsagiSvili
11
_ miTxra, im skamze rom SavulvaSebiani kaci zis, mxatvari firosmania
da eg fuli iman gamogigzavnao~.
niko firosmanaSvilis patiosneba,
sikeTe, samarTlianoba (rac mas bavSvobidanve axasiaTebda) axloblebisaTvis SeumCneveli ar darCenila. qalanTarovebis mravalSviliani ojaxis
wevrebi mas siyvaruliT ixsenebdnen:
`iseTi patiosani da erTguli iyo,
rom Cven mas vandobdiT mTels Cvens
ojaxs, romelic maSin mdidari iyo...
faqizi bunebisa iyo, araCveulebrivi
Tavmoyvare da amasTanave iSviaTi simarTlis moyvaruli. sawylis Sembrale... nivTieri simdidre ar ainteresebda...~
miuxedavad gaWirvebuli, umZimesi cxovrebiseuli pirobebisa, niko
ar Secvlila da sicocxlis bolosac
bavSvuri RvTisnierebiTa da gulmowyaleobiT gamoirCeoda. amis dasturia masTan vefxo akobaSvilis bolo
Sexvedra:
`firosmans me ukanasknelad Sevxvdi rusis bazris moedanze, axla
kolmeurnis moedans rom veZaxiT.
moedanze uamravi sazamTro daexvavebinaT da garSemo xalxi Semoxveoda. ismoda sicili da yiJina. Severie
xalxSi da davinaxe firosmani. iqve
Svidi-rva yaraCoxeli idga, sazamTroebs sWridnen sanaZleoze. visic
ufro wiTeli gamovidoda, gamarjvebuli is iyo. fuls dazaralebuli
ixdida. Suaze gaWril sazamTroebs
xalxs urigebdnen.
erTxelac gasWra erTma da sisxliviiT wiTeli gamovida. gasWra meorem
da isic zustad iseTive wiTeli iyo,
rogoric pirveli. erTi iZaxda: Cemi
ufro wiTeliao, meore iZaxda: ara,
Cemia wiTelio. roca ver morigdnen,
firosmans hkiTxes _ visi ufro wiTeliao da firosmanmac uyoymanod gadasWra dava. aseT SemTxvevaSi firos-
firosmanis dabruneba
12
mans ekuTvnoda gadamwyveti sityva,
is xom ferebis meufe iyo!
am dros erTi maTxovari mivida da
xeli waatana gaWril sazamTros asaRebad, viRacam wixli wahkra da gaagdo. firosmanma TavisTan miiyvana maTxovari, tomaraSi Cauwyo sazamTro,
ramdensac moereoda da gaistumra.
erTma yaraCoxelma megobarma uTxra:
_ firosman, Sen Zalian swyalob am
maTxovrebs da ar vici, raSia saqme?
_ raSi unda iyos, _ upasuxa firosmanma, _ yvela maTxovarsa da gaWirvebuls gakiTxva unda, xom gagigonia,
gamkiTxveli maTxovrisa guls moigeb
macxovrisao.
iqve wreSi erTi ucnauri kaci idga.
TxasaviT CamogrZelebuli saxe hqonda da wveric TxasaviT dayenebuli.
firosmani miubrunda mas da uTxra:
_ zogi peitari kaci xalaTs rom
Caicvams, ise gaamaydeba, zedac aRar
Semogxedavs. Sen raRa dagemarTa, rom
aravis aRar scnob, Tumca axali ki
araferi gacviao.
am kacma bodiSi moixada _ ise gamocvlilxar, ver gicanio.
firosmani, marTlac, im dRes Zalian iyo Secvlili. gamxdari, wverulvaSmoSvebuli, TvalebSi sevda
Casdgomoda. rogora brZandebiT-meTqi, rogorca mxedavo~.
manmade firosmanTan kidev erT
Sexvedras ixsenebs vefxo akobaSvili:
`zamTari iyo. firosmans Sevxvdi
malaknis quCis dasawyisSi, moedanze.
iRliis qveS Tunuqis Zveli Rumeli
amoeCara da Sinisken midioda. iqve SeSiT datvirTuli uremi idga. mxerxavebma miaZaxes: niko, carieli feCi ver
gagaTbobs, magas SeSa undao. SeSas
RmerTi momcemso. _ upasuxa firosmanma da ganagrZo gza~.
niko firosmanaSvilis biografia
misi gardacvalebis Semdeg daiwera
da Tanamedroveni mas `sawyal nika-
samxat-
gia marsagiSvili
asli
amx. aleqsandre zaqarias-Ze manuCaraSvils.
saqarTvelos erovnuli samxatvro
galeria madlobas gwiravT Tqvens
mier Semowirul suraT: `portreti
aleqsandre zaqarias-Ze manuCaraSvilisa~ naxati 1893 wels niko firosmanaSvilis mier.
saq. erovnuli samxatvro galeriis
direqtori~.
daculi cnoba sando unda iyos,
radgan informacia Tavad aleqsandre mamuCaraSvilis mowodebulia da
man sxvebze ukeT icoda, vin da rodis daxata misi portreti (im periodSi, 1893 wels, niko firosmanaSvili amierkavkasiis rkinigzaze muSaobda konduqtorad, saidanac erTi
wlis Semdeg, 1894 wels, sabolood
daiTxoves). aqve unda aRvniSno, rom
madlobis werilSi adresatis gvari
SecdomiT aris miTiTebuli. nacvlad
`manuCaraSvilisa~, unda iyos `mamuCaraSvili~. imaves gvidasturebs giorgi
leoniZis saxelobis qarTuli literaturis muzeumis memuarul fondSi
daculi aleqsandre mamuCaraSvilis
mogonebebi, romelic mamis karnaxiT
Cauweria mis qaliSvils (`yru vaJkacis, sandro mamuCaraSvilis naambobidan~, mogonebis fondi #12872, manqanaze nabeWdi 24 furceli):
`loTi, `bedardi~, magram niWieri
mxatvari, morcxvi, tkbili samegobro nikala firosmanaSvili... is Cemi
suraTi SevardnaZem rom wamarTva da
axla rom muzeumSia, ise, megobrulad
damixata. xatva xom ubralod icoda
_ kedelze, ficarze, Tunuqze; dRes
Tu SeukveTavda vinme, iqve naxSiriT
moxazavda mas nikala, daixsomebda da
meore dRes iseT daferadebuls moi-
13
tanda, gegonebodaT, TiTqos cocxali adamianiao~.
yovelive amis Semdeg, albaT, Rirs,
am namuSevars ukve sxva TvaliT SevxedoT. is niko firosmanaSvilis gadarCenili memkvidreobidan yvelaze adreuli nimuSia da genialuri mxatvris
fermwerad Camoyalibebis periods miekuTvneba. am dros is daaxloebiT 3031 wlisa iqneboda, jer kidev win iyo
rZis duqanSi vaWroba, gigo zaziaSvilsa da gezeniZesTan erTad abraTa
samxatvro saxelosnoebis gamarTva.
im droisaTvis mxatvroba misi ZiriTadi saqmianoba ar yofila, Tumca
xatva misi didi gataceba iyo. sofio
qalanTarova ixsenebs: `misTvis arsebobda mxolod xatva da, rodesac ki
Tavisufali dro hqonda, xatvaSi iyo
garTuli... rodesac vinme groSebs
aCuqebda, is maSinve gaiqceoda, iyidda fanqrebsa da feradebs da daiwyebda xatvas... misgan oTaxis kedlebi
naxSiriT an fanqriT iyo moxatuli...~
(vaxtang beriZe, `niko firosmanaSvili~, Tbilisi, 2007w).
22-23 wlis nikom peterburgidan
dabrunebuli `namdvili~ mxatvrisagan, giorgi (gevorq) baSinjaRianisgan, aseTi Sefaseba miiRo: `niWieri
xar da rCevis gaTvaliswinebac unda
SegeZloso~.
aleqsandre mamuCaraSvilis portretis SexedvisTanave Tvals xvdeba im droisaTvis (XIX-XX ss. mijna)
damaxasiaTebeli xelosnur-amqruli
ieri. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom ferwera abris nawiladac `moinaTla~,
rasac xeli Seuwyo masalam (naxati,
rogorc iTqva, Tunuqzea Sesrulebuli) da Sesrulebis maneram (sruli
sibrtyobrioba, sada, martivi dekoraciuloba). es, albaT, im ferweris
gavlenaa, romelsac niko firosmanaSvili TbilisSi gadmosaxlebis Semdeg
quCaSi xedavda. abrebi iqca misi mi-
firosmanis dabruneba
14
baZvisa da Seswavlis sagnad, magram
portretSi firosmanaSvilisTvis damaxasiaTebeli elementebic SeimCneva:
figuris erTgvari gaSeSeba, lakoniuroba, adamianis xasiaTis gaxsna, cocxali da metyveli Tvalebi, mxatvrisTvis RvTisagan boZebuli kompoziciis agebisa da feris grZnobis unari
(es yovelive mxatvars ar uswavlia,
intuicia wamyvania mis SemoqmedebaSi).
aRsaniSnavia erTgvarovani, monoqromuli gama, sadac gamokrTis saaTis
Zewkvis wvrili oqrosferi zoli da
aseve oqros qamari grandiozuli zomis xanjlisa Tu satevris zeda nawiliT. igrZnoba, rom mxatvars fizikurad Zlieri, didi tanis pirovneba gamousaxavs (aleqsandre mamuCaraSvili
tanadi, simaRliT 2 metramde yofila.
igi iyo rva qaliSvilis mama, saqarTvelos eleqtronuli fostis pirveli ostati. gardaicvala 1938 wels).
rogorc iTqva, mamuCaraSvilis
portreti firosmanaSvilis gadarCenili ganZis uadresi nimuSia. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa misi Sesrulebis TariRi _ 1893 weli. aqedan gamomdinare, gadasaxedia niko firosmanis kirile zdaneviCiseuli periodizacia, romlis mixedviTac mxatvris
Semoqmedeba sam etapad aris dayofili: 1895 wlidan _ 1903 wlamde, 1903
wlidan _ 1915 wlamde da 1915 wlidan _ xelovanis gardacvalebamde.
firosmanis Semoqmedebis ase dayofa
kirile zdaneviCis subieqturi mosazrebaa da aranair oficialur wyaros
ar eyrdnoba. suraTebis mepatroneTa
komentarebi Tu zepiri daTariRebebi
(xSirad didi cdomilebiT) fermweris
SemoqmedebiTi evoluciis Sesaswavlad sakmarisi ar unda iyos.
firosmanis zustad daTariRebuli
namuSevrebi sul ramdenimea. daTariRebis survili mxatvars 1906 wels
poezia
axalgazrda mwerlebis konkursi
axlaxan Tbilisis meriis kulturul RonisZiebaTa centrisa da saqarTvelos
mweralTa kavSiris erToblivi iniciativiT Catarda axalgazrda mweralTa ukve
tradiciad qceuli literaturuli konkursi, romelSic as samocamde axalgazrda mweralma miiRo monawileoba;
kompetenturi Jiuris gadawyvetilebiT gamovlindnen gamarjvebulebi.
`ciskari~ gTavazobT poeziis JanrSi gamarjvebuli ramdenime axalgazrda
poetis leqsebs.
r eTevan
o aTelaZe
15
poezia
16
cotac macocxle...
me yvela Seni uCemo dRe ise mikvirda,
miamiturad da yoveldRe guli geloda,
damajereblad isaubre, gTxov, rom giyvardi,
dRes sasicocxlod mWirdeba, rom amis mjerodes...
amden xnis Semdeg veraferi ver gairkveva,
hyveba mosawyen siaxleebs mTel dRes radio,
me vloculobdi Sen gamo da nu gaikvirveb,
rom am locvebis uaryofa ver gapatio...
ar gaikvirvo gaToSili Cemi muxlebi,
arc dedamiwis Cven garSemo uqmi triali,
rom dgaxar axla Cems xelebTan mTlad uuflebo,
viT mwuxarebis SemTxveviTi Tanaziari...
iyo dro, roca uTqmelobis cremli maxrCobda,
sulzec, xelebzec mamCnevia yvela iara,
ver CaiTvleba siyvarulad is, rac gaWorda,
rac qarma ase ugemovnod gaapiara.
mTeli cxovreba uxarisxo, bundi kadria,
me Segnebulad Sors mivdivar axla Senidan,
ase giJebi gaurbian fsiqiatriuls,
ase sulebi gamorbian saflavebidan.
sevda, viT Sansi gadarCenis, CemSi sul enTo,
xval aRarc me da arc es sevda aRar viqnebiT,
me Sen miyvardi ise mZafrad, ise uRmerTod,
rom virusiviT sisxlSi mqonda Senze fiqrebi.
faravT burusi am ususur, ucxo qalaqebs,
me yvelaferma yvelaferze metad damRala,
gTxov, siyvarulze sarwmuno xmiT ilaparake,
dRes sasicocxlod mWirdeba, rom mwamdes amgvarad...
Sens xsovnasTan
cudad var, Zvirfaso, mze aRar ganaTda
am caze, rac ar xar, rac warsuls bardebi
da rogorc tkivilad darCenil saflavTan,
momaqvs Sens xsovnasTan dRes TeTri vardebi...
ismenen xatebi mdumare vedrebas,
am oTaxs sawvimar Rrublebis Weri aqvs,
Cems saxlSi gacivda Cai da kedlebi,
Cems sulSic yinvian amindis jeria...
qeTevan naTelaZe
dedas
de, gareT civa, qarma isev frTebi Seisxa,
aq amindebma amindic da sulic aries,
axla gavuSveb, rom ifrinon, de, bavSvobisas
asanTis yuTSi Segrovebul Wiamariebs.
de, aq ra minda, dardi mimsxvrevs fanjrebs qariviT,
de, vloculob da locvebic ki veRar mSvelian,
me rom mjeroda bavSvobaSi, im zRapariviT,
mgoni, ufalic sityvebs Soris Semomelia...
vidre qviSaze naweriviT qari wamSlides,
vgrZnob, wvimac ufro saSiSia, ufro civia,
mivSterebivar, rogorc suraTs _ natvras maSindels,
romelic axla ferwaSlili negativia.
dReebs amkrTalebs kalendarze es dro erTian,
vambob da raRac SeiZleba mainc ver vTqva, de,
quCis boloSi, eWvgareSe vici RmerTia,
magram es quCa verasodes miva RmerTamde.
de, aq ra minda, aq mec landebs davemsgavsebi,
aq Ralatia, sikeTisTvis aq ar ibrZvian,
me ki miyvardes, SemiZlia, mTeli arsebiT
da amis meti araferi ar SemiZlia.
gareT qaria da Sen Cem Tavs ufals avedreb,
magram aq urCma amindebma sulic aries,
frTebi daemtvraT, de, safreni frTebi daemtvraT
asanTis yuTSi Segrovebul Wiamariebs.
17
poezia
18
aRvesrulebi
ra gviania, magram mainc mzeriT gaqezeb,
dRes martivia, SeamCnio, rom me marto var,
foTlebma flirti gaaCaRes trotuarebze,
saRamom qalaqs mwuxrisferi CamoaTova.
kvlav tkivilia saimedo TavSesafari,
miZRvnis siCume aplodisments Camqral scenaze
da dedamiwas okeane roca dafaravs,
Senze vifiqreb, rogorc sulis gadarCenaze.
jer miwaze var, jer aqa var, zeca Sors ari,
vici, poeturs gadamixdis Rame parakliss,
ra SeiZleba Cemze dagrCes mosagonari,
albaT, wvima da erTi-ori quCa qalaqis,
sadac me da Sen Cagvivlia, sadac davmarxeT
Cveni Crdilebis siaxlove _ sevda wvimaTa,
roca siyvaruls vuRalateT, RmerTi davkargeT,
samjer iyivla mamalma da mkvdrisfrad inaTa.
da ra azri aqvs, amis mere rogor inaTebs,
arc amindebi aRar dgeba ise momTmeni...
roca gavwireT erTmaneTi _ davgmeT sinaTle,
xis jvarze vacviT ufali da ar gadmovxseniT.
ra SeiZleba moigono Cemze Cems mere,
axla ubralod sakuTarsve fiqrebs vcitireb,
Cvenma Tvalebma erTmaneTi gadaiviwyes,
Cvenma xelebma erTmaneTi gamoitires.
gnatrob, mWirdebi, aq leqsebsac veRar vujereb,
Ramem noembris damaxata tanze ferebi,
amsxvreven civi qariSxlebi wvimis fuJerebs,
iqargebian sulSi sevdis gobelenebi.
ratom maCqareb... Tavs ver vguob sxva mziT gamTbari,
qveynad meored dabadebis ar mwams srulebiT,
viqnebi Seni aRsareba, camde marTali,
da gzis boloSi uTqmeladac aRvesrulebi...
qeTevan naTelaZe
gamoRviZeba
maSin viZineT, gaRviZeba roca gvmarTebda,
Sen, saqarTvelo, amgvar yofiT ivli sadamde,
ra Rame dadga amisTana, rom ver gaTenda,
rogor gagwireT, ase rogor dagaavadeT.
ra buranSi xar, rom vera da veRar erkvevi,
Seni warsulic daviwyebis cecxlze iwveba,
sad dagekargnen, saqarTvelo, is mglis lekvebi,
rom izrdebodnen algeTs mtrebis dasamiweblad.
rogor mogedo mwuxareba gulze iWvebad,
rogor dagsereT mowamluli xmlebiT, xiWvebiT,
verc afxazeTi dagibrunes Senma biWebma,
verc afxazeTma dagibruna Seni biWebi!..
dagrCa didebis gadmonaSTad gremic, garejic,
darCi utexi galavanis daSlil TaRiviT,
gifrialebda avismTqmelad droSis nagleji,
samgloviarod gamofenil bairaRiviT.
Seni mze Ramem gansacdelis bneliT moCrdila,
ratom ar gtkiva sxivCamqrali gzebi momavlis,
ase ra eSmam mogdrika da dagimorCila,
naavdarali, naqarali, nadidgorali.
ratom arafers gvsayvedurob, ratom imeteb
sakuTar Tavs am monobisTvis, gxraven qarebi,
ra iluziebs ahyolixar, ra fuW imedebs,
fufalasaviT mokazmuli mosarTavebiT.
rogor mogwamles mraval fandiT, mraval sacduriT,
sad gaqra Seni siamaye _ erT dros mefuri,
ratom ar gvixmob, saqarTvelo, ram gagaCuma,
ram dagaduma mkacr ganaCens Seguebuli!
riT ver iswavle gansacdelis rwmeniT gamocvla,
es ra Wiri gWirs, ra RmerTi da xati giwyreba,
ra sizmars xedav, saqarTvelo, aseT saocars,
rom aRarc gsurs da aRarc ZalgiZs gamoRviZeba.
19
20
poezia
o ino
X inWarauli
sevillana
tani ritmebs ayolili iTvlis wamebs,
kabas mxrebze mogdebuli Svenis Sali,
am ferebiT me wlebis win moviwamle,
da nel-nela, molodiniT SeviSale.
dRes raRa var,
Tvals maridebs Cemi muzac,
TiTqos bedis gangebiT da davalebiT
cecxlis nacvlad TvalSi wyali Cavigube,
SeviWeri Ramisferi dalalebic.
Tavdaxrili,
waSlili
da nacrisferi
gverds avuqcev cecxlismfrqvevel naranxeros,
ver gavyvebi mwvel hangebs da gaSlil xelebs,
aRarafers SeuZlia amaRelvos,
Tu brboSi ar gadavawydi nacnob Tvalebs,
miRma xanZars rom malaven gaWirvebiT,
Camqralic da Zveleburad eSxianic
erTnairad rom vaRelveb da vWirdebi...
flamenko
Tu ginda Cemi siyvaruli,
Camomecale.
TxemiT terfamde, suliT xorcamde
me tkivili var.
Tu gsurs, siamiT aivso suli,
daxuWe Tvali,
ar Semomxedo, ar ganmicado,
nino WinWarauli
21
me tkivili var.
Tu gsurs sicocxle, gaeqeci
Cems amosunTqvas,
sisxlis, sikvdilis mociquli
me tkivili var.
Tu gsurs sinaTle, nu dameZeb,
aravis uTqvams?
rom ukuneTiT mokirwyluli
me tkivili var.
siamovnebas ver mogagebs
es silamaze,
grZnobaaSlili mTeli sxeuliT
me tkivili var.
simSvide ginda? daemale
Cems gaxsnil bages
sulis fskeridan amonTxeuli
me tkivili var.
.......
me tkivili var,
Sens sabedod ar davibade...
usaTauro
zogjer adamians Soridan umzer da
grZnob, rom cxovrebam orive Tqvengans
daakargvina erTi megobari,
erTi axlobeli
erTi msgavsi suli...
orive sxvadasxva gzebiT atara
an udroo dros Seaxvedra...
poezia
22
siCume
siCume arsebobs mravalgvari,
uxmauroc da xmaurianic,
autanelic da sanatrelic.
zogjer siCume ucnauria,
moCurCule,
usmen da Semdeg xmadabla ukiTxav,
rac gikarnaxa.
zogjer jojoxeTuri siCumea,
uimedo.
xmis CaxleCamde Rrialeb, oRondac
dafaro misi xma.
magram arsebobs nanatri siCumec,
romelsac daeZeb.
romlisTvisac sicocxles miscem
da samyaroSi yvela suliers
aqeT madlobas gadauxdi,
oRond aravin araferi
ar SegekiTxos.
Viva La vida
Sen mze(dRe)grZeli zafxulebi
mogqonda CemTvis,
axla ar vici, ras momitan,
albaT namcecebs...
bnels ukve ise SeveCvie,
rom sinaTleSi
xels vifareb da
dabrmavebuli Tvalebs vaceceb...
poezia
23
{ aza
t uyaSvili
(hereli)
legenda
rao, mefe erekleo?.. ara, eg tyuilia. me qliavi
Tavze gadmovayare sparsels TaTars, Cvens mosisxle mtersa, da ara mefe erekles, romelic
qarTvelebs RmerTiviT gviyvars; da Tqven sul
tyuilad memuqrebiT. arc Zirs Camoval da arc
bodiSs movixdi!
iakob gogebaSvili
maxsovs, yveboda papaCemi _ mTvaris mlesavi,
rogori qudi daexura unda Cemians...
axla ki vxvdebi, matianes saniSnesaviT
viwro orRobe Cakecili rad CarCenia
gulSi... vfiqrob da vici, CemSi javri ara zis,
radgan vardebi, mjera, mudam arc mas efina,
amis gamoa, iRbalma rom im erT Saraze,
sparsuli qudi Zirs rkosaviT gaagdebina...
RmerTo! meored, albaT, maSin dapataravda
kaxi. sircxviliT rom aewva mkacri pir-saxe.
gaqceul gogos gaekidnen saxlis karamde,
bolos pirjvaric qarTuladve gadaisaxa;
warsuls vmuWav da am kadrebsac ase vatareb,
vebRauWebi Rrma fesvebs da mjera dRiTi dRe,
rom orRobeSi vinme sparsi andac TaTari,
sanam meored gabedavs da Camoivlides,
manam mravalgzis gamoivlis bedis siave
an ufro xSirad dairweva muxis akvani...
da papaCemic mTels bavSvobas gauniavebs
ambavs, romelmac daaRona mefeTagani,
ambavs, romelmac gulis fskerze bedi mokona.
vxvdebi, warsulSi aiblanda Cemi samyaro.
kaci ara Cans _ gaiaros! Torem gogona,
aq isev icdis, qliavi rom gadmoayaros...
poezia
24
dabrunebisa
aq ufro mSobliuri foTlebis Srialia,
mag sunTqvis saTavidan grigali amovarda.
da minda, gza-bilikebs cxovreba Sevalio,
radganac am saTibSi ubralo kalo var da
mTebi ki xaris mxrebze dadgmuli kevrebia,
qoxebi marcvlebiviT kalTaze gabneulan...
mzeebi peplebiviT sofels gars evlebian,
mTvare ki dilas imkis mindorSi Rameulad.
warsuli Cavilage xurjinSi sagzaliviT,
miyvarxar! minda mxolod ocneba gaviyolo
mTebisken, sadac marto bed-viwro gza-gza vivli,
mTebisken... sadac unda virCino Tavi... xolo
imedi naklebad maqvs, merwmune, gadarCenis...
sofelSi, TareSiT rom sul yvela gadaRlila,
sofelSi, lekebi rom dadian dambaCebiT,
vbrundebi, magram vici, tyvias rom damaxlian...
wasvla
jarSi, sadac miwevda samsaxuri,
anu ucxo qveyanaSi,
grZeli derefnis bolos
gasuli saukunis movlenebis
fotogalerea iyo mowyobili.
iqve erT-erT fotos,
Zalian ubralo, Sav-TeTr fotos,
SiSiT Sepyrobili qalaqis fotos
Zalian martivad
Seefarebina mebaduri bavSvebi
da nangrevebze damsxdari mtredebi;
Zalian martivad...
Zalian martivi warwera hqonda gakeTebuli:
dacarielebuli soxumi.
dRes aRarc mikvirs uSenobis SemofeTeba,
qalaqo, roca irgvliv SiSi aris srulebiT,
roca dRe-Rame Cvens miwaze gviwevs xeteba
da mainc gvqvia samSoblodan gariyulebi...
zaza suyaSvili
25
poezia
26
zurgs... da Cumad varT, laparakobs qari amindze
da mjera, ufro amindebze xSirad vicvlebiT,
radgan dganan da miyolebiT sulis samiznes
anadgureben cxvirawvdili haubicebi...
mainc mivdivarT... sxeulebi ise Camoxma,
viTvli tyviebs da vakvirdebi zecas moRuSuls.
da, rogorc iqna, gamovediT engurs gamoRma,
saqarTvelo ki daWriliviT dagvrCa soxumSi.
27
dramaturgia
h uram
c aTiaSvili
saba
(`pogromi~)
drama uantraqtod
moqmedi pirni:
qarTvelebi
ebraelebi
saba
grigoli
Sio
nikolozi
giorgi
amirani
zalcmani
rabi esaia
daviTi
raxili
esTeri
xuxmani
iciki
iosebi
meoce saukunis gariJraJze _ Cveni ambavic swored 1901 wlis gazafxulze iwyeba _ aseTi wesi gaxldaT:
yoveli speqtakli divertismentiT
iwyeboda. axlac epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli xmamaRali musika gaismis.
avanscenaze didi zar-zeimiT gamorbis erTob ucnaurad, WrelaWrula tansacmliT morTuli moRimari
msaxiobi.
msaxiobi (mayurebels sahaero kocniT ajildoebs, Tavs uxris). rogorc
iqna, rogorc iqna, Zvirfaso batonebo
da qalbatonebo, rogorc iqna, Cven aq
varT am momxibvlel, Zalian, Zalian stumarTmoyvare qalaq quTaisSi.
unda gadmogceT Cveni dasis gulis-
rusebi
policieli
petrovi
andrei
damarbevelni
vasia
wiTelxalaTiani
kolia
tatiana
nadia
megarmone
dramaturgia
28
msaxiobi (mayurebelTa darbazs
miaCerdeba. mis mzeraSi daufaravi
zizRia am `ukulturo~, `Seugnebeli~
xalxisadmi, xels kulisebisken aiqnevs). eeh! (amiT speqtaklis dawyebas
aniSnebs).
msaxiobi qali (avanscenaze gamorbis). droze, uriav, droze, amdeni
dro sada maqvs! (Toks, romelic xelSi uWiravs, moqaCavs, Tokze ebraeli
mamakacia gamobmuli). droze-meTqi,
he, aba! ras Svrebi, binZuro cxovelo!
(maTraxs gadautlaSunebs, `ZaRli~
zmuils iwyebs atirdeba).
es pawia scena ukve dawyebuli xmauris, SeZaxilebis fonze gaTamaSda,
axla ki xmauri ufro gaZlierdeba.
scenas, msaxiobebs kvercxebs esvrian.
_ SewyviteT!
_ gagvecaleT!
_ ar gvinda!
ramdenime kvercxi msaxiob qalsac
moxvdeba. qali gulSemoyrili ecema,
Tumca es gulSemoyra erTob uniWod
gaTamaSdeba. `ZaRli~ msaxiob qals
waqcevas aRar daaclis _ `miuswrebs,~
xelSi aitacebs da mayurebels warudgens ai, ra hqeniTo. darbazi ganuwyvetliv xmaurobs. stvenac gaismis.
`ZaRli msaxiob qals gaarbeninebs.
_ quTaisSi eg ar iqneba!
_ gaiare, Zamia, gaiare!
_ rava agrafinasaviT miaTrev mag
ukanals!
_ datoveT, dResve datoveT quTaisi!
Sio. Zmoba, erToba, Tavisufleba!
saba. axla ki soboros moedanze!
sayovelTao protesti TviTmpyrobelobas!
ixsneba farda.
quTaisis qalaqis Tavis misaRebi.
saba da Sio mouTmenlad daabijeben.
aqvea qalaqis Tavis TanaSemwe. siRrmeSi _ magida, savarZlebi.
guram baTiaSvili
29
arc sanaTesaos gagalanZRvineb, arc
qalaqs, policmaisteri sworad moiqca amrevni satusaRoSi waasxa.
Sio. eg policmaisteri qarTvelTmoZulea. qarTvelebma rom qalaqis
Rirseba ase daicves, iman gadaria.
grigoli. Tu policmaisterma es
ambavi saTavisod warmomidgina, Tqven
Tqveni miTxariT. gismenT.
saba. mag speqtaklSi iudevelT augad eqcevian, binZur cxovelad miiCneven,
grigoli (gaocebuli). mere?
Sio. maTraxsac ki urtyamen.
grigoli. areuloba amitom moawyeT? rava, amnairi ram pirvelad naxeT?
saba. quTaisSi ki. Cvens qalaqSi aseTi ram arasodes yofila!
grigoli. ki batono, magram amis
gamo warmodgena unda CaSaloT, msaxiobebi lanZRoT da kvercxebi dauSinoT, msaxiob qals lanZRva-ginebiT
guli SeuwuxoT, mere soboros moedanze gamoxvideT da..?
Sio. quTaisi amnairi qalaqia, batono _ siyvarulis da gatanis.
saba. imperiis WeSmaritad Rirseulma adamianebma ramdenime qalaqSi
mag piesas swored am mizeziT aqcies
zurgi. amaT mainc moiwadines, quTaisSi warmoedginaT.
Sio. quTaisi gaugebari xalxis CamorCenil qalaqad miiCnies.
grigoli. vai magaT da ui _ uWkuod
moqceulan, mara... Tu ase iyo, Tu es
icodiT, bileTi risTvis iyideT, nu
mixvidodiT da ukan gabrundebodnen,
Tqven ki, gamodis, buntis mowyoba gewadaT.
saba. marTals brZaneb. magitom mivediT, unda icodnen, rogori qalaqia
quTaisi aseTi ram CvenSi ar SeiZleba!
grigoli. mTeli qalaqi? amdeni
xalxi magitom mivida?
dramaturgia
30
saba. marTals brZaneb! soboros
moedanzec magitom gavida xalxi, moiTxovdnen, Teatrma qalaqi datovoso, imasac getyvi: soboroze is adamianebic SemogvierTdnen, vinc TeatrSi
ar yofila.
grigoli (Cafiqrebuli). xoo... (pauza) kai, batono keTili da patiosani! Tqven im dass aswavleT Wkua,
policia ki areulobis momwyobT mouvlis. yvelaferi rigzea. morCa! SenTan erTi saqme maqvs, saba, da unda
dagvexmaro: odesis universitetSi
xom profesor petre meliqiSvilTan
muSaob.
saba. da profesor vasil petriaSvilTan.
grigoli. meliqiSvils werili gavugzavneT, gvinda, quTaiss Camovides.
urCie, droze gadawyvitos es sakiTxi.
pasuxis momlodine varT.
saba. ver dagpirdebi, rom danabarebs gadavcem.
grigoli. (gakvirvebuli). uars ratom meubnebi?
saba. me axla policmaisterTan mivdivar. imaT Soris unda viyo, vinc satusaRoSi Caamwyvdies. ra vici, ramden xans gamigrZeldeba.
Sio. kvercxebs Cvenc visrodiT,
iseve vyvirodiT, rogorc sxvebi.
grigoli (gakvirvebuli, iqneb, aRSfoTebulic). Tqven iq ra gindaT!
policiaSi ra gesaqmeba, saba, kaci
mecnierebis, swavlulis gzas adgaxar. universiteti gelodeba. SeeSvi
mag socialistobas!
saba. qalaqis Tavad agirCies, magram qalaqis mama ver gaxdebi, Tu devnilT, daCagrulT, damcirebulT ar
agrZnobineb, rom iseTive RvTisSvilebi arian, rogoric Sen.
Sio. unda wavideT.
saba. waval, lorTqifaniZes mivujdebi, gverdiT, iqneb, Wmunva odnav mainc Sevumsubuqo.
guram baTiaSvili
31
petrovi (awyvetinebs). ras ambobT,
batono vasiliev, eg ram afiqrebinaT!.. Tqven xom icnobT Cvens muSaobas, laboratoriis wevri xarT, am
mosazrebas eTanxmebiT?..
vasilievi. me gTxovT, nu mawyvetinebT rasakvirvelia, veTanxmebi.
Cven koleqtiuri azrovneba gvaqvs.
petrovi. koleqtiuri azrovneba?
sainteresoa...
vasilievi. Cveni profesura safrTxis qveS ayenebs samamulo mecnierebis ganviTarebas. Cven gvWirdeba
rusuli qimia, namdvil erovnul faseulobebze Seqmnili qimiis mecniereba.
petrovi. diax, gvaqvs... gveqneba
rusuli qimia (uceb). ukacravad, rusuli qimia ra aris?..
vasilievi. ai, arc ki iciT! (Segonebis toniT). rusuli qimia erovnul
faseulobebze aRmocenebuli mecniereba aris is, rasac ararusi qimikosebi ver Seqmnian. amitom saWiroa meti
windaxeduleba. erovnuli interesebis gaTvaliswineba. meTanxmebiT Tu
ara?
petrovi. usaTuod, usaTuod! windaxeduleba, rasakvirvelia, saWiroa.
vasilievi. daakvirdiT, batono
profesoro: Cvens universitetSi vin
qmnis qimiis mecnierebas? (gvarebs
xazgasmiT warmoTqvams) petre meliqiSvili, vasil petriaSvili...
petrovi. oo... didebuli mSvenieri mecnierebi!
vasilievi. Tavs uflebas ver mivcem, ar dageTanxmoT, magram SeuZliaT ki petriaSvils, meliqiSvils rusuli, erovnuli qimiis Seqmna?
petrovi (myisve). ras ambobT, ara,
rasakvirvelia, ara!
vasilievi. mixaria, rom meTanxmebiT!
petrovi. isini qimiis mecnierebas
qmnian. kidev erTxel mapatieT, vasi-
dramaturgia
32
liev, Cemi bralia, kargad ver gavige: rogor brZaneT, rusuli qimia ra
ariso?
vasilievi erTxans gamomcdelad
Sescqeris petrovs daeWvda, profesori xom ar damciniso.
raxili. profesoro, ratom ar SeaxsenebT, rom Tqvenc iseTive rusi
xarT, rogoric eg?
petrovi. Tqven ara, Tqven nu ereviT!
vasilievi. ai, Jidi ambobs, rom Cven
oriveni rusebi varT. marTla asea?
petrovi. ara, ase namdvilad ar aris.
vasilievi. me namdvilad var rusi.
Tqven? Tqven vin xarT? (dumili). ha?
inteligenti, profesura!
petrovi. es cudia, xom? arada, Tavi sul rusi megona.
vasilievi. gegonaT, mxolod gegonaT. axla ki mTavari!
petrovi. diax, mTavari, eg aris
mTavari!..
vasilievi. SarSan Cvenma universitetma berlinSi profesor fiSerTan
miavlina aleqsandre saba kldiaSvili. meTanxmebiT?
petrovi. ra ufleba maqvs, ar dageTanxmoT. Cemi winadadeba iyo.
vasilievi. wels isev berlinSi, isev
profesor fiSerTan vin gagzavneT?
isev kldiaSvili. xom ar vcdebi, profesoro?
petrovi. Tqven? rogor SeiZleba! mxolod dazustebis mizniT: eg me
ara, reqtoris sabWom.
vasilievi. SesaZloa, magram mTavaria, rom _ isev kldiaSvili!
petrovi. diax, diax, ase iyo!
vasilievi. dRes ki mogvaxseneT axali gadawyvetileba. isev germaniaSi,
isev saba kldiaSvils gzavniT profesor tamanTan.
petrovi. profesor tamans didi
gamocdileba aqvs qimiis organuli
sinTezis dargSi. am sferoSi ki ba-
tonma kldiaSvilma...
vasilievi. me jer SekiTxva ar damisvams. gTxovT, momisminoT, SekiTxvas kargad daufiqrdeT da ise mipasuxoT.
petrovi. marTals brZanebT... geTanxmebiT.
vasilievi. nuTu am universitetis
qimiis laboratoriaSi mxolod aleqsandre saba kldiaSvili muSaobs? nuTu aq sxvebi ar arian da, Tu arian,
ratom aris ase miCqmaluli maTi niWi,
Sromismoyvareoba?
petrovi. eg saidan moitanes? eg vin
Tqva?
vasilievi. me giTxariT. momismineT,
SekiTxvas daufiqrdiT da ise mipasuxeT-meTqi. Tqven ki ras akeTebT? SekiTxvas aqeT misvamT. es xom Jidebis
wesia SekiTxvas SekiTxviT upasuxon
da es maSin, roca `rusTa kavSirs~ ainteresebs Tqveni pasuxi SekiTxvaze: am
laboratoriaSi ase ratom iCqmaleba yvelas talanti, garda aleqsandre kldiaSvilisa? (petrovi umweod
dums). gismenT.
petrovi (fiqrianad). saintereso
SekiTxvaa, Zalian saintereso. ra gonieri kaci xarT, vasiliev, ra Wkvianur kiTxvas svamT.
vasilievi. amas `rusTa kavSiri~ gekiTxebaT.
petrovi. `rusTa kavSiri~? xedavT,
ra windaxeduli kavSiria? RmerTo Cemo, ratom? ratom saba kldiaSvili?
albaT, imitom rom... aba, sxva ra unda
iyos?
vasilievi. diax, diax, brZaneT, gismenT. mTavaria, mizezi vipovoT. Tu
mizezs vipoviT...
petrovi (TiTqos mZinare gamofxizlda). risi mizezi?
vasilievi (kvlav daeWvebuli akvirdeba petrovs). mizezi imisa, mesamed ratom igzavneba ucxoeTSi kldiaSvili da arc erTxel...
guram baTiaSvili
33
kldiaSvilTan erTad movedi universitetSi.
raxili. iqneb, CamomiTvalo, ra gaakeTe mag sadgurSi? (dumili). Sen iq
`rusTa kavSiris~ warmomadgeneli iyavi da araferi ar gagikeTebia, garda
imisa, rom xalxs CasZaxodi am kavSirSi gaerTiandiTo. saba kldiaSvilma
ra gaakeTa? pirveli: seriozuli analizi sacdeli mindvris produqtebisa, meore: sasuqTa analizi, mesame:
atmosferuli naleqebis kvleva. imperiis am mxareSi aseTi kvleva odesme
Catarebula?
petrovi. didebulia, didebuli!
(vasilievis moRuSul saxes dainaxavs
Tu ara) xom meTanxmebiT, vasiliev?
(dumili).
raxeli. axla is vnaxoT, berlinSi,
profesor fiSerTan ra gaakeTa kldiaSvilma: Caatara ormocze meti organuli sinTezi, moamzada oci preparati. ras ityvi, vasiliev!
vasilievi. me ormocdaaT sinTezs
Cavatarebdi, ivanovi ki samocs (petrovs). xom asea, profesoro?
petrovi (gulianad icinis). rasakvirvelia, arc erTi ar daakldeboda,
arc erTi! ai, ivanovi oTxmocsac SeZlebda.(icinis) hi hi hi!
raxili. kldiaSvili laboratoriaSi zis da muSaobs, dilidan saRamomde
Sromobs.
vasilievi. vici, aq gvian saRamomde
erTad xarT (iqednurad). iqneb, isic
Tqva, gvian saRamos laboratoriaSi
ras akeTebT?
xangrZlivi pauza, raxili ironiuli RimiliT Sescqeris vasilievs.
raxili. vici, vasiliev, vxvdebi,
rom Seni mwiri fantazia amis iqiT
ver midis. SenTvis isic Zneli warmosadgenia, rom kldiaSvilma wigni
dawera saxelmZRvanelo, `mokle mineraluri qimia~, ukve meore weliwa-
dramaturgia
34
dia, saqarTveloSi gazeT `droebaSi~
ibeWdeba. me axla rusulad TargmnaSi
vexmarebi. waikiTxe, iqneb, gaigo, ra
aris qimia!
petrovi (xiTxiTebs). hi hi hi...
kargi azria, misaRebia! (vasilievi
brazmoreuli garbis. petrovi uxmod
Sescqeris, gamometyveleba sruliad
ecvleba mkacri, Seuvali saxe, rac
gvafiqrebinebs, rom sulac ar aris
iseTi mSiSara, rogorc Tavs aCvenebda). raxil, saSiSi kacia, frTxilad
iyavi, Zalian frTxilad!
berlini, 1904 weli. scenaze mxolod profesori krafti dgas.
krafti (xazgasmulad xmadabla laparakobs. miaCnia, rom ase ufro damajerebelia). mogesalmebiT, batonebo
da qalbatonebo, Cvens universitetSi samecniero mivlinebiT imyofeba
aleqsandre kldiaSvili. igi odesis
universitetidan Camovida da roca
Seityo, rom didebuli mecnieri da
mewarme simensi Cveni universitetis
profesoria, gvTxova, mivceT SesaZlebloba, universitetis profesuras
da baton simenss gaacnos Tavisi azri
mis wignze. simensi imyofeboda saqarTveloSi da germaniaSi dabrunebulma
dawera wigni am qveyanaze, mis xalxze.
gTxovT, batono kldiaSvilo, batono
simens!
Semodian da scenis sxvadsxva mxares dadgebian kldiaSvili da simensi.
saba. sabWos didad pativcemulo
wevrebo, didad pativcemulo simens,
did pativs vcem (simenss miubrundeba) Tqvens samecniero Rvawls, msmenia
Tqveni warmatebuli saqmianobis Taobaze, rogorc mewarmisa, minda mowiwebiT mogesalmoT...
simensi (gulgrilad). mec mogesalmebiT.
saba (ganagrZobs). da ramdenime mosazreba gamovTqva wignze, romelic
Cems qveyanasa da xalxze dawereT.
guram baTiaSvili
35
saba. imaSi ki darwmunebuli xarT,
rom kargad flobdnen qarTuli enas,
icnobdnen Cvens kulturas? (pauza.
saba simensis pasuxs elodeba. dumili). amitom werT, rom qarTvelebTan
ise unda moiqce, rogorc velurebTan, rom isini nel-nela unda SevaCvioT kulturas, rom qarTvelebi mxolod nadirobis, qeifis da mijnurobis moyvaruli xalxia. (saba simensis
pasuxs elodeba). sxvaTa Soris, isini
TavianT wignebSic amasve weren.
krafti. batono profesoro, ras
brZanebT?
simensi (karga xans dums. fiqrobs).
arafers (dumili). arafers, garda
imisa, rom baton kldiaSvils xels CamovarTmev. (sabas miuaxlovdeba, xels
arTmevs). gmadlobT.
bneldeba.
odesa, 1905 weli, 20 oqtomberi.
sinagogis erT-erT arasalocav
darbazSi yvela WaRi gaCaxCaxebulia.
dRes aq ebraul axal wels dResaswauloben.
rabi. momilocavs, jamaaTo! dagvidga kidev erTi axali, 5665-e weli.
mravals daswrebodeT!
_ amin!
_ gisminos RmerTma!
_ ididos RmerTis saxeli!
rabi. locva damTavrda, vilaRoT,
ebraelebo. dRes zeimi gvaqvs!
mRerian, cekvaven. rabi esaia modResaswauleebs SeuerTdeba, ambionis
irgvliv cekvaven. wres uvlian.
rabi. momaval dResaswauls Cvens
samSobloSi, israelis miwaze SevxvedrodeT!.
_ amin!
_ gveRirsos!
iosebi. nura siamovneba, amqveyniuri sikeTe nu dagvaviwyebs samSoblos!
erTxmad. amin!
zalcmani (saxegabrwyinebuli, lamis wamRerebiT). damiwdes marjvena
dramaturgia
36
Cemi, Tu dagiviwyo Sen, ieruSalom,
ena Cemi miaxmes sasas Cemsas!
erTxmad. amiiin!
iciki (Semorbis. SeSfoTebulia. viRacas daeZebs, ver poulobs. mocekvaveebi cdiloben, cekvaSi CaiTrion).
SemeSviT, Tavi damanebeT!
_ icik, modi!
_ icik, Cvenze ukeTess vis daeZeb?
iciki (cdilobs, Tavi daaRwios).
momSordi, gamecale!
_ icik, ribkam uari giTxra?
_ ribkas SenTan aRar unda?
_ ribkas naTani eTamaSeba!
raxili (iciks xels Caavlebs). CemTan, icik, CemTan icekve!
iciki zalcmans raRacas uxsnis.
zalcmani (SeSfoTdeba, ambionisaken miiwevs). gza, gza, ebraelebo, gamatareT!
raxili (zalcmans xels Cahkidebs,
ecekveba). sad geCqareba, zeimi gvaqvs!
zalcmani
(raxils lamis xels
hkravs. ambionisaken miiwevs). batonebo, ebraelebo! (SeSfoTebuli gacqeris mozeime xalxs. mTeli ZaliT iyvirebs) ras SvrebiT! ra ambavSi xarT,
ebraelebo!
sicili.
_ naxeT, ra saxe aqvT!
_ viTom SeSfoTebulia!
_ ras akeTebTo!
_ viTom ar icis!
zalcmani (sasowarkveTili). darbevaa, odesaSi darbeva daiwyo! (mRelvarebisagan xma Cauwydeba. cekva-simRera uceb Sewydeba.) Tavs uSveleT,
israelebo, odesaSi darbeva daiwyo!
SiSma yvelas erTdroulad dauara.
gairindnen, erT adgils miejaWvnen.
esTeri (ganwiruli xmiT). bavSvi akvanSi davtove!
adamianebi uceb amoZravdebian, awrialdebian.
_ miSveleT! mosia ezoSi TamaSobda!
_ dedaCemi martoa!
_ duqans gadamiwvaven!
_ Cqara, Cqara, Cqara!
_ bavSvebi!
_ sakonditros sul dalewaven!
esTeri (mimorbis, gverds ver uqcevs karTan Sejgufebul xalxs). miSveleT, bavSvi, akvanSia! (misi aravis
esmis, yvela cdilobs sinagogidan
gasvlas).
rabi. jamaaTo, jamaaTo, pativcemulo! (aravin usmens, TvalebSi usazRvro sevdaCamdgari Sescqeris SiSdareul, awrialebul samwysos. uceb
am kafandara, morCili kacisTvis Seuferebeli mrisxanebiT iquxebs). israelno, goliaTis dammarcxebeli daviTis STamomavalno! (rabis Zlieri xma
darbazs grgvinvasaviT gadauvlis,
xalxi nel-nela moubrundeba. esTeri
amiT isargeblebs da garbis). am wminda wignebs vis utovebT _ brbom gaTelos?
jer ufali da mere col-Svili, jamaaTo, jer ufali da mere cxovreba!
zalcmani (daviTs zedac ar Sexedavs ise gawevs, adgils moacvlevinebs. yvela mixvdeba Tu ras akeTebs
zalcmani. mieSvelebian: iatakze gafenil noxs aiReben, gverdiT miagdeben da iatakSi amoWril kars gaaReben). droze, droze! (ori-sami kaci
sardafSi Cadis, erTic sardafis Tavze dadgeba, sxvebi _ wminda wignebis
uzarmazar karadasa da kibis Sua, karadidan mowiwebiT gamoaqvT wminda
wignebi, aseve mowiwebiT gadascemen
erTmaneTs da sardafSi CaaqvT. daviTs) Sen ra, ebraeli ara xar?
_ Cqara, Cqara!
_ SarSanac am dros moawyves darbeva!
_ ara, ufro adre iyo!
_ iakobi wina darbevisas daiRupa!
_ col-qmari sifori da raxmini!
_ droze, droze!
dacales karada, daxures sarda-
guram baTiaSvili
37
amerikaSi?
daviTi. saqarTveloSi.
zalcmani (ucnaurad dabrica tuCebi). saqarTvelo? eg sad aris?..
daviTi. kavkasiaSi.
zalcmani. aa... iq, sadac mTebia?
daviTi. ki, mTebic aris.
zalcmani. ebraelma kacma pogromi
ar ici? ranairi ebraeli xar? sadauri varo, Tqvi?
daviTi. saqarTvelodan, odesaSi
guSin Camovedi.
zalcmani. mere mag saqarTvelos
arasodes uWirda? (quCidan kvlav SemoiWreba SeZaxilebi. erTxans SeZaxilebs usmens. daviTs). ar uWirda?
daviTi. dResac uWirs.
zalcmani. mere? gana mag gaWirvebis
mizezi ebraelebi ar arian?
daviTi. ebraelebi ra SuaSia?
zalcmani (undoblad Sescqeris
daviTs. igi eWvs aRZravs masSi). aba,
sxva vin? eg qarTvelebi TavianT gasaWirs vis abraleben?
odesa, qarTvelTa saTvistomo,
1905 wlis 20 oqtomberi.
Sio. ra vqnaT, ra gadavwyvitoT?
dumili.
giorgi. eg qarTveli studenti...
ra gvariao?
Sio. abesaZe. meoTxe kurszea. xval
an zeg reqtoris sabWo gadawyvets,
datovon Tu ara universitetSi.
amirani. qarTvelTa
saTvistomom imisTvis agvirCia, rom odesaSi
mcxovrebi qarTvelebi davicvaT.
saba. da Tu mag abesaZem kanonisa da
zneobis winaSe Sescoda?
amirani. Cven imisTvis agvirCies,
rom qarTvelebs amovudgeT mxarSi,
davicvaT Zaladobisagan, usamarTlobisagan.
saba. mag Wabukis dacva Zaladobisa
da usamarTlobis dacvaa. misi daCagvra qarTvelobis daknineba iqneboda.
dramaturgia
38
giorgi. baton kldiaSvils veTanxmebi. qarTveloba zneobriobaa.
Sio. Cven imisaTvis ar avurCevivarT, damnaSaveni davicvaT.
nikolozi. me ki mgonia, rom (pauza) mag Wabuks Zaladoba ise Caadenines, verc mixvda, ras akeTebda. Zaladoba mag atruebuli qalis faruli
surviliT Caidina.
saba. eg rogor?
nikolozi. axlave mogaxsenebT:
studenti maqsimova uCivis student
abesaZes imazed, rom namusi axada. es,
rasakvirvelia, dasagmobi, autaneli
saqcielia, magram Seswavlili unda
iqnas, ra garemoebaSi moxda danaSauli.
giorgi. ra garemoebaSic unda momxdariyo, gwadia, aseTi qarTvelis dacva Camagono?
nikolozi. ara, aseTi qarTvelis
dacvas ar Cagagoneb, magram iurisprudencia gvavalebs, gamowvlilviT
SeviswavloT Tu rogor, ra garemoebaSi moxda danaSauli, unda SeviswavloT danaSaulis motivacia.
saba. yuradRebiT gismenT.
nikolozi. vin aris abesaZe? momxiblavi 21 wlis imereli biWi, saqarTveloSi qals ar gakarebia, odeseli
gogonebi ki Tavs evlebian, aTamameben. cecxlovani, vnebiani 19 wlis
maqsimovasTan urTierTobisas vnebam
Zlia windaxedulebas.
giorgi. da es maqsimovas bralia?
nikolozi. ginaxavT maqsimova? merwmuneT, yoveli Tqvengani, Tumc
zrdasruli adamianebi xarT, cdunebis winaSe dadgeboda.
saba. batono nikolooz, eg aris
abesaZis gamamarTlebeli?
nikolozi. ara. studentma abesaZem Tavis studentur oTaxSi miiwvia
studenti maqsimova. maqsimovac ewvia. abesaZem maqsimovas stumroba miiRo imis dasturad, rom ymawvil qals
guram baTiaSvili
nikoloz. aris erTi mniSvnelovani garemoeba: rogorc meubnebian, abesaZes yvelaze axlo da sistematuri
urTierToba hqonda maqsimovas megobar gogonasTan. misi gvaria (qaRalds
Caxedavs) sevastianova... sevastianova
maria ivanovna. sevastianovas fexmZimobis ambavi mTelma universitetma
icis. da am dros maqsimova abesaZis
loginSi kiskisiT tovebs qalwulobas.
Sio. da meore dRes policiaSi Civis Zala ixmara, namusi amxadao.
giorgi. policiaSi da universitetSi.
nikoloz. diax. dRes ki maqsimova
acxadebs, Tu abesaZe Cemze jvars daiwers, saCivars ukan gavitano. ase meCveneba, am ambavSi abesaZe sevastianovas winaaRmdeg brZolis saSualebaa.
dumili.
Sio. ra gzas davadgeT?
nikolozi. abesaZe unda davicvaT,
igi universitetidan ar unda gairicxos.
giorgi. abesaZe windauxedaobam
SarSi gaxvia.
amirani. abesaZe unda davicvaT.
saba. nikolooz, SegiZliaT Tavs
idoT abesaZis dacva? iqneb, movaxerxoT da universitetidan ar garicxon.
nikoloz. unda movaxerxo, unda
SevZlo.
saba. Tumca eg Wabuki moRalatea.
igi Ralatobs saqarTvelos, Ralatobs Tavis ojaxs. qveyanas hgonia,
rom swavlobs, qveyana elodeba, rom
xval-zeg kidev erTi agronomi daubrundeba da sikeTes swevs saqarTvelos, mas ki ZuZuebze gaurbis Tvali,
TiTqos am qalaqSi imisTvis gamogzavnes, qalebis vneba daacxros. vibrZoloT, universiteti ar daatovebinon,
magram Cven, qarTvelebma ki unda movTxovoT pasuxi imis gamo, rom Zvirfas dros da energias ase ugunurad
flangavs.
39
dito (Semorbis). Savrazmelebi ebraelTa ubans arbeven, adamianebi daxoces.
saba, Seni saxli..!
saba. Cemi saxli?
dito. wignebi, tansacmeli, TeTreuli, aveji, rac ar waiRes, quCaSi
yria.
amirani. sabasTan ra undodaT, romeli ebraeli eg naxes!
saba. wavideT!
bneldeba
ebraelTa ubani
zalcmani (policiels fuls uwvdis). minda, saxlamde mimacilon.
policieli (ayvirdeba). ra aris es?
ggoniaT, yvelafris yidva SeiZleba?
zalcmani. vyidulobT
mxolod
imas, rasac yidian.
policieli. es vin aris?
zalcmani (daviTs Sescqeris). am
kacs surs Cemnairi iyos, magram... sanam mSvidobas CemsaviT ar iyidis, Cemnairi rogor gaxdeba!
policieli (fuls gamostacebs). es
kacia mowme, fuli ar miTxovia.
daviTsa da zalcmans sardaliviT gauZRveba. farTo nabijebs dgams.
zalcmans uWirs, fexi auwyos policiels, amitom lamis garbis...
zalcmani (daiRleba). nela, nela!
Cqara ar SemiZlia!
policieli (zalcmans uSnod daeWyaneba). dro, dro! dro fuli Rirs!
(aCqarebiT ganagrZobs siaruls. zalcmani mZimed sunTqavs). gana egre ar
aris, moxuco? gana dro fuli ar
Rirs?
zalcmani (qSinavs, magram cdilobs, ar CamorCes). moica, SeCerdi!
(Caikeceba).
policieli. ha, ra mogivida, bebero?
zalcmani (kvlav amoiRebs fuls).
dramaturgia
40
esec rom mogce, saxlamde (laparaki uWirs, mZimed sunTqavs), saxlamde
mimiyvan?
policieli. ufro nela vivli, cxadia, nela vivli _ dro xom fuli Rirs!
zalcmani. aha, oRond saxlamde
cocxali mimiyvane.
policieli. aba, gavuyveT. nela iare, moxuco, oRond icode, meCqareba!
(fuls saswrafod Caidebs jibeSi da
kvlav Cqari nabijiT midis).
daviTi. SeCerdi! (policieli SeCerdeba, daviTi ar iZvris. policieli miuaxlovdeba). moxuci daiRala,
zurgze Seisvi. (fuls amoiRebs). aha!
policieli
(moRuSuli saxiT).
uria zurgze Sevisva?
daviTi. ho, fuls amaSi gixdi.
policieli (TiTqmis aRSfoTebuli). uria?!
daviTi. Tu ar ginda..! (fuls jibeSi Caidebs).
policieli. wavideT, wavideT, moxuco!
zalcmani. axlave, axlave, suli moviTqva (wamodgomas lamobs). xeli momaSvele!
daviTi (xels gauwvdis). aba, yoCaRad, yoCaRad!
policieli. mand ramdenia?
daviTi. marTali xar, urias zurgze xom ar Seisvam.
policieli. xelSi ramdeni geWira?
daviTi. erTi oqro.
policieli (gaocebuli). oqro?
ase ratom brazob?
daviTi. ar vbrazob. marTali iyavi!
policieli. mere ra moxda, egec
adamiania.
daviTi. wavideT, nu vayovnebT.
policieli. uWirs siaruli, moxuci kacia.
daviTi. ras ambob! xom xedav, ra
marjved moabijebs.
policieli. Tavs gaCvenebs, Torem... magaT ase ician.
guram baTiaSvili
41
ra mitingi gamarTeT aq! saRamos boqaulTan gamocxaddiT, iq dawereT
yvelaferi! (adgilidan aravin iZvris).
gza, gza, ZaRliSvilebo, kanons eurCebiT, xelisuflebas ebrZviT?
wreSi qva Cavardeba. qvas SeZaxilebi mohyveba:
damarbevelTa brbo wres uaxlovdeba. yvelaze win wiTelxalaTiani da
megarmone modian. brbos moZraobaSi
igrZnoba yovelives wamlekavi uxeSi
Zala. rogorc Cans, yovelive imas, rac
aq xdeba, amaTTvis ritualis mniSvneloba SeuZenia. lamis cekva-cekviT,
musikis ritms ayolilni, tanis rxeviT modian. xelSi sarebi, rkinis naWrebi, qvebi, sxva aTasi ram uWiravT.
ebraeloba mimoifanteba, zogi saiT
garbis, zogic _ saiT. mxolod esTeri
dgas gaunZrevlad. damarbevelni gaqceulT isev wreSi erekebian. oTxiv
kuTxiv kraven wres.
_ SekariT, SekariT da dascxeT!
_ ar gauSvaT, biWebo!
_ egeni gvarTmeven lukma-purs!
wre TandaTan viwrovdeba.
_ uriebi gvaviwroeben!
_ ruseTi aRar dagvanebes.
_ vixsnaT ruseTi, biWebo!
_ dahkaT uriebs da ixseniT ruseTi!
wre viwrovdeba, rkali ufro saSiSi xdeba. ebraelni erTmaneTs ekvrian.
megarmone (kazirokian qudSi yvavili CaurWvia, garmons gaSlis da dasWeqs). samSoblo mogixmobT, mamuliSvilno, dascxeT!
damarbevelni ebraelebs daerevian.
iwyeba Cxubi.
wiTelxalaTiani. ra kargi iqneboda cxovreba, egeni rom ar gvirevdnen.
vasia (megarmones). ra dros eg
aris. ra dros garmonia, aqeT momye!
zalcmani (berikacs). andrei dmitreviC! andrei dmitreviC!
andrei. (lurji yelsaxvevi gamo-
dramaturgia
42
ubams. Tavze Wilofis qudi axuravs.
xelSi wignebis CanTa uWiravs). ra
xdeba es, ioxanan, ra ubedurebaa Cvens
Tavs!
zalcmani. andrei, xom xar Sen rusi,
xoa es Seni xalxi, uTxari rame, gviSvele, andrei dmitreviC, gviSvele!
andrei. Svela Cven gvWirdeba, ioxanan! (damarbevelT miubrundeba).
megobrebo, batonebo! rusebo, ras
SvrebiT, gons modiT!
tatiana (mwvaneaivniani saxlisaken). iqiT, iqiT, im saxlebSi! (TviTon
ki sul sxva mxares gaemarTeba).
iciki. ojaxebs mixedeT, israelebo,
ojaxebs!
zalcmani (rkinis naWers daavlebs
xels): Cvens saxlebs qalebic ki Seesivnen.
andrei (zalcmans amoudgeba gverdiT). mec, mec SenTana var, wavideT!
zalcmani Tavisi saxlisaken mirbis,
andrei dmitreviCi misdevs. win pirmcinari vasia gadaudgebaT.
vasia. sad garbixarT, bebrebo! vis
misdevT! (zalcmans marjvenaSi stacebs xels). o, bebero uriav, es ra
aris? qristiani unda mokla? xalxno, SexedeT, ai, am bebers Cemi mokvla swadia. Tqvens vasias TavSi rkinis
dartymas upirebda. (zalcmans xels
gadaugrexs).
andrei (CanTas miwaze dadebs, vasias miswvdeba). xeli uSvi, ras sCadi!
vasia (jer Rimili gadaurbens saxeze, mere aRfrTovaneba gamoexateba _
vnebis gamZafrebis sababi mieca). oh,
Cveni sayvareli entalgentic aq yofila, gamyidveli entalegencia! aba,
aq modiT! (zalcmans da andrei dmitreviCs iRliaSi katis knutebiviT amoidebs). ra giyoT axla me Tqven, entaligentiasa da uriebs, romel TxrilSi gadagyaroT! (andrei dmitreviCi
vasias umweod urtyams muStebs da
raRacas uyviris. vasia ki xarxarebs,
guram baTiaSvili
43
tatiana (guldawyvetili Sescqeris mimaval kolias, Tvalebi cremliT evseba. cremlis mowmendas daapirebs, axlaRa gaacnobierebs, rom
sabnis boloebi uWiravs xelSi, sabnebs braziT moiqnevs, mimofantavs da
zed Sedgeba, fexebiT Telavs). ai, egre, egre, egre! uriis sabnebi, Tarsia,
Tarsi!
andrei. namceca, gaavebuli kacebi!
Cveni devgmiri winaprebi egre ar iqceodnen.
policieli (yuri mohkra andreis
sityvebs). ra ambavSi xar Sen aq, ra
Worebs avrceleb xalxze!
kolia (andreis). ha, ra ambavia?
andrei. SegvaCveneben! ratom? risTvis RalatobT qveyanas, xalxs!
daviTi. iqneb, Tqven amixsnaT, ra
xdeba, ratom xdeba, ras erCian am
xalxs?
andrei. Cems qveyanaSi kiTxvas bevrs
dasvam, pasuxi ki ar aris!..
kolia. Tu ar gaCumdebi, me gagaCumeb, entalige... (viRacas mohkravs
Tvals, garbis). raxil, raxil! (raxili garbis).
policieli (sastvens Cahberavs).
ra ambavi gaqvT, ra xmauria, namdvili
sinagogaa! (miwaze gaSxlarTul nadias waadgeba, isev Caberavs sastvens).
vin mokla qali, qali vin mokla! gaiZaxiT Tavs gvesxmiano, gvarbeveno, qalebs ki xocavT! (qals gadaabrunebs.
nadia Tavs wamowevs, gabruebuli mimoixedavs). cocxali xar? fui! ras
hgavs es? cocxali xar da mkvdariviT
gdixar! (nadias fexs gahkravs da gaSordeba).
daviTi (wamodgomaSi mieSveleba).
cudad xar? saxlSi wadi, wadi, daisvene!
nadia. ki ki Tavi mtkiva.
wiTelxalaTiani (iciki win waugdia, maTraxs scems, rogorc uRelSi
Sebmul kameCs). droze, droze, gaswi
dramaturgia
44
da iyvire, rom ar arsebobs RmerTi
ebraelTa.
iciki. RvTis sakiTxi ubirTa gasarCevi rodia!
wiTelxalaTiani. rao, rao, ra Tqvi?
gaugebrad laparakob. aba, erTi dahyefe, rom ar arsebobs Seni RmerTi!
qalis kivili ares gaapobs. kolias raxilis grZeli Tma ise dauxvevia
xelze, rogorc cxenis aRvirs daixveven xolme. qals ise miaTrevs, rogorc cxoveli _ nanadirevs.
raxili. miSveleT, momexmareT! yaCaRebi, aramzadebi! (kolia qals RobesTan iRliebSi amosdebs xelebs,
wamoayenebs, raxils miwaze xoxvisagan mkerdze kaba gadaglejia, ZuZuebi
dasisxlianebia. qals Robes aakravs).
tatiana. ras Svrebi, kolia, urias
unda uqna?!
kolia (tatianas wixls wahkravs).
gamecale, dampalo! (raxils) ramdeni
xania mindixar, rogorc iqna, rogorc
iqna!
raxili gulis gamgmiravad akivldeba, gadaglejil ZuZuebze xelis
Sexeba suls uwiwknis. daviTi xanjals
iZrobs, koliasaken daiZvreba. mozomili nabijebiT midis, rom moxerxebulad aZgeros.
raxili (mSvelelis danaxva gaamxnevebs). miSvele, RmerTo miSvele!
kolia xanjalSemarTul daviTs
rom dainaxavs, saxeze boroti Rimili
gadaurbens. danas iSiSvlebs, daviTi
da kolia mozomili nabijebiT uaxlovdebian erTmaneTs. raxili Robes
sars mohglejs, kolias gametebiT Caartyams, kolia miwas ganerTxmis.
ebrauli galoba. mlocvelT rabi
esaia mouZRvis. mxrebze ciciTi mousxamT. ise galoben, TiTqos irgvliv
simSvide iyos.
megarmonem garmoni aaWyipina, es
TiTqos signali gaxldaT _ atyda
stvena-Rrianceli. ebraelT ki war-
guram baTiaSvili
damarbevelni nel-nela gars uvlian ebraelT. mlocvelTa saxeebze sasowarkveTa aRibeWdeba. damarbevelni
ki uxmod da gamozomili moZraobiT
aviwroeben wres. xelCarTuli Cxubi.
_ dascxeT, dahkariT!
_ xom mogigdeT xelT!
_ gviSveleT!
_ axlave datoveT Cveni miwa!
_ gagvecaleT!
_ ubedurno, ras SvrebiT!
_ RmerTi ar gapatiebT!
_ ruseTis mtrebi, moRalateni!
andrei. Seni damRupveli, Seni wamxdeneli Svilebi, ruseTo, xalxi, romelic mudam tlaposaken geqaCeboda.
dResac iqiT miyavxar, Cemo sacodavo,
sabralo, ruseTo! (fexze wamodgomas
lamobs, magram damarbevelni xan aqedan ejaxebian, xan _ iqidan).
_ gagvecale, moxuco!
_ Sen aq ra ginda, biblioTeka iq
aris!
xuxmani (ebraelTa wres gamoeyofa). gatyueben, Tqveni gacureba surT.
wiTelxalaTiani. ra ginda, uriav!
xuxmani (mxrebidan ciciTs moixsnis, miwas daaxeTqebs, fexebiT Sedgeba) ai, ai, ai! ar minda, ar minda! egeni gatyueben, sul gatyuebdnen.
wiTelxalaTiani (esaias wridan gamoaTrevs). aq modi, mTavaro matyuarav, aq modi, mTavaro TvalTmaqco.
axlave dayaWe, ramden vercxlad gayide Cemi qveyana. vis miyide Cemi xalxi!
(rabis nikapqveS maTraxis tars amosdebs, Tavs maRla aawevinebs). xma amoiRe!
rabi (Zlivs amoTqvams). veRar
vsunTqav.
wiTelxalaTiani. arc aris aucilebeli!
megarmone. rbili baliSi dauge
urias, rbili!
wiTelxalaTiani. ha, Tqvi, bebero!
(maTraxis tariT rabis ise aawevinebs
45
Tavs, rom moxucs laparaki aRar ZaluZs. xalxs). Tu ai, aq, am wesieri
xalxisa da Tavisive Rorebis winaSe
aRiarebs, rom magaTi RmerTi araraobaa, sicocxles vaCuqeb. (rabis) gesmis, bebero? Tu Sens RmerTs Seagineb,
cocxali darCebi.
vasia. dascxe da gaaTave!
rabi. iman gadawyvitos, xarT Tu
ara Rirsi patiebisa!
wiTelxalaTiani (rabis maTraxs gadauWers). daiCoqe, daiCoqe, ZaRlo,
daiCoqe! (rabi uZravad dgas. wiTelxalaTiani mxrebze daawveba). daiCoqemeTqi! (moxuci dawolas ver uZlebs,
muxlebze daecema. wiTelxalaTians
saxes kmayofilebis Rimili gaunaTebs). egre, axla ki CoqviT iare da
iyvire, rom ar arsebobs RmerTi Tqveni, iyvire, rom araraobaa RmerTi ebraelTa. (xalxs) ismineT, mamuliSvilno, yuri ugdeT yvelaze did TvalTmaqcs. uriaTa TvalTmaqci acxadebs,
rom gatyuebdaT, mTavari TvalTmaqci
acxadebs, rom ar arsebobs RmerTi ebraelTa!
wiTelxalaTianis sixaruli xalxsac daeufleba.
_ gamotydes!
_ dahka da gvetyvis!
_ aba, bebero!
rabi. Cvens xalxs Tqveni Ralati
arasodes hqonia gulSi, RmerTi siZulvils ar gvapatiebs
policieli. es xom mitingia, mitingi akrZalulia!
_ moketos!
_ Tavs ikatunebs!
_ gvatyuebs!
_ dascxeT!
xuxmani. mendeT, egeTi zRaprebiT
gvatyuebs sul, Tqveni motyuebac
swadia. sul imas CagvZaxoda, Cvens
qveyanaSi antisemitizmi mZvinvarebs
da Cvenc sakadrisi pasuxi gavceTo.
_ eg ityoda!
dramaturgia
46
_ ai, kargi kaci!
_ eg ebraelia, eseni ki uriebi arian!
wiTelxalaTiani (marjvenas aRmarTavs. xmauri miwydeba). sikvdili geZaxis, uriav, magram mag Zaxils kars
mivuxuravT, Tu ityvi, rom ar arsebobs RmerTi ebraelTa, rom ruseTs
sisxlsa swovT.
xuxmani. ruseTis moRalatea! (wiTelxalaTianis gverdiT dgeba).
wiTelxalaTiani (rabis maTraxs gadauWers). ityvi Tu ara, aramzadav!
daviTi xanjals waavlebs xels.
oriod nabijs frTxilad gadadgams.
zalcmani. acale, unda acalo, am
xalxs misi gakveTili kidev sWirdeba.
rabi (haers SeisunTqavs). Semaa israel, adonai elohenu adonai exad!
wiTelxalaTiani. eg ras niSnavs, eg
ra aris?!
rabi (ufro mkafiod da wamRerebiTac ki warmoTqvams). Semaa israel,
adonai elohenu adonai exad! (ebraelebisken Setrialdeba, viRacas daeZebs, mere damarbevlebisken mobrundeba, aq ipovis imas, visac daeZebs _
xuxmans. mzeras gausworebs). ismine,
ero israelisa, erTia RmerTi da igi
RmerTi aris RmerTi Cveni!
wiTelxalaTiani. moRalateno, aramzadebo! (rabis qveS moigdebs).
daviTi (oriod naxtomiT wiTelxalaTianis gverdiT gaCndeba. revolveris lulas Sublze miadebs). xeli
uSvi! (wiTelxalaTiani cdilobs, daviTisken mobrundes). ar gainZre!
wiTelxalaTiani. patriotebo, ruseTis erTgulebisTvis mklaven!
damarbevelTa Soris yiJina atydeba. daviTisken daiZvrebian.
daviTi (wiTelxalaTians win aifarebs). Tu erT nabijsac gadmodgamT,
jer amas gavaTaveb, mere Tqven! (haerSi gaisvris).
oriod ebraeli rabis mivardeba,
wamoayeneben.
guram baTiaSvili
47
kravs. xalaT-mantias moxsnis da moisvris). mousvi aqedan!
xuxmani. me... me... eg ambavi vici.
kolia (xuxmans). Sen uriebis ambebi
mogvitane, danarCens Cven mivxedavT.
wiTelxalaTiani (xalxs daviTze).
aris Tu ara es kaci Rori?
xalxi (erTxmad). aris!
wiTelxalaTiani. ai, am Rorma Cveni
mteri daicva. ra ekuTvnis amisaTvis?
xalxi (erTxmad). sikvdili!
wiTelxalaTiani. es kaci tyviiT
dagemuqraT Tqven, adamianebs, romlebic mamuls icaven. ra ekuTvnis amisaTvis?
xalxi (erTxmad). sikvdili!
wiTelxalaTiani. yvela erTi azrisaa. eg kargia, magram rogor davsajoT es kaci, rogori sikvdiliT? me
uTqvenod arafers gadavwyvet. xalxia
mTavari!
xalxs didi enTuziazmi daetyoba.
_ Zelze gavakraT!
_ CamovaxrCoT!
_ portTan xeze CamovkidoT, eg
mTelma odesam unda naxos!
_ Toki, Toki viSovoT!
_ tyvia! TviTon xom tyviiT gvemuqreboda!
tatiana (braziT). odeselebi ara
xarT? zRva arasodes ginaxavT? aq
mtris dasjac Cveneburi, odesuri unda iyos!
SeZaxilebi:
_ ee!
_ ra ambavia!
_ raRac Zalian Caaxvie!
_ veraferi gavigeT!
wiTelxalaTiani. acaleT, iqneb,
taniuSas imis garda sxva saqmec SeuZlia!
tatiana (wiTelxalaTians mzeriT
ealerseba). yelze Toki CamovkidoT.
Tokze _ mozrdili qva, zRvaSi gaviyvanoT da palundra!
dramaturgia
48
SeZaxilebi:
_ auh!
_ ra ambavia!
_ ar mogvwons, didi xani unda!
_ isev Sens saqmes mixede, tania, aq
nu moZvrebi!
vasia (wiTelxalaTians sayveduriT). es kaci moRalatea. moRalate
ki unda daixvritos.
kolia. ar aris eg kaci moRalate
da ver davxvretT!
vasia. eg viTom radao? es ar aris
moRalate?
kolia. ar aris!
vasia. gagvagebine!
kolia. rusTa moRalate SeiZleba
mxolod rusi iyos. eg mteria. unda
daisajos, rogorc mteri.
tatiana (ar moewona). oo!
nadia. sworia! momwons!
wiTelxalaTiani. ra vqnaT, xalxno?
SeZaxilebi:
_ TviTon gadawyvite!
_ Cven ra SuaSi varT!
_ rogorc ityvi, ise iqneba!
megarmone (garmons gaSlis. daaWyipinebs). arc xeze CamovkidoT, arc
tyvia vesroloT, arc zRvaSi gadavagdoT. TavSi qva vdruzoT da morCa! Tu
erTi dartyma ar eyofa, meorec mivayoloT. sanapiroze qvis meti ra yria!
ranairic ginda, iseT qvas iSovni. didi? patara? mucliani? umuclo? ganieri? iqneb, wvetiani? wvetianiT erTi
dartymac eyofa. wvetiani kargia, xalxno, iciT, rogor vgrZnob qvis Zalas?
ai, xelSi rom moviqcev, yvela iaraRs
jobs! tyviasac, xanjalsac.
xalxs mowonebis SeZaxilebi aRmoxdeba:
_ kargia!
_ Cinebulia!
_ davcxoT da davamTavroT.
_ me davkrav, me!
megarmone. Tu erTi dakvriT ar gavaTave, me damkariT!
guram baTiaSvili
49
dgas. vasiam Sublze TiTi dahkra).
Caxvdi?
xalxi isev axmaurdeba:
_ sworia!
_ vasia profesor!
_ garozgeT da daamTavreT!
_ vasia peterburgSi!
_ tansacmeli mere gaviyoT!
wiTelxalaTiani. Cven keTili adamianebi varT, xom egrea? Cven adamianis sisxls ar davRvriT! vin ityvis,
rom adamiani sasikvdilod gagvimetebia? Cven verc am ucxoels movklavT.
ganaCeni uriebma aRasrulon.
xalxs aRtacebis SeZaxili aRmoxdeba.
taSic ki daukres.
vasia. Cvens ganaCens ar aRasruleben.
wiTelxalaTiani. vinc uars ityvis,
imas gavrozgav.
megarmone. yvelam dascxos xuTxuTi rozgi!
kolia. cotaa!
megarmone. aT-aTi!
nadia. Sen yvela ebraelis daxocva
gangizraxavs _ ebraeli bevria saSiSi,
Torem cota saWiroc kia.
_ daiwyeT!
_ dascxeT!
_ droa!
wiTelxalaTiani (ebraelebs). xalxi Tqven gandobT Tavisi ganaCenis
asrulebas. kidev ityviT pativs ar
gvcemeno? sifaTi ratom mogqceviaT?
Coxa xom ar gindaT? dRes am ucxoelisa Coxac Cemia da iaraRic.
kolia (wiTelxalaTianisaken brazmoreuli gaeSureba, xuxmani fexebSi
moedeba, mxarSi swvdeba, moisvris).
momwydi Tavidan! (wiTelxalaTians) _
Coxa Sen vin mogakuTvna?
wiTelxalaTiani. mWirdeba!
kolia (wels qvemoT daidebs xels).
aba, dafiqrdi, iqneb, es gWirdeba?
dramaturgia
50
wiTelxalaTiani (tatianaze miuTiTebs). magaze eg giJdeba.
kolia. axlave daxure simyralis
kidobani!
wiTelxalaTiani (daviTis dambaCas
xelSi SeaTamaSebs). ha, mogiSviro?
tatiana (ukanalze xels dairtyams).
erTi amas damixedeT, ra ambavSia! ar
mogwons, ar ginda? quCaSi rom gavivli, Tvals rad mayoleb?
wiTelxalaTiani. amas rogor uSvrebian-meTqi, vfiqrob.
kolia. magis egre dasja me movigone da Coxac Cemia.
nadia. Sen sad iyavi, koliam rom
gadmomiCurCula ucxoeli rozgiT
davsajoT da Coxac Cven dagvrCebao.
wiTelxalaTiani. fexebzedac mkidia,
vin ra Tqva da vin ras fiqrobda! Coxa
Cemia da moketeT! (kolias miuaxlovdeba, misi xalaTis Rils or TiTs Sua
moiqcevs). gaige? ha, iqneb, ver gaige?
kolia (wiTelxalaTianis or TiTs
daacqerdeba). dRes ra dagaklda?
fraki aiRe?! aiRe! grosmanis saxlidan karada waiRe? waiRe! iqneb, is
karada me ufro mWirdeboda!
tatiana. vaisermanis danebi da Canglebi vin waiRo?! rogor mindoda!
erTi nabijiT mimaswari _ ratom, risTvis?! kaxpa nataSasaTvis? nataSa ise
ar mogcems? eg yvelas aZlevs, Sen ratom dagCagravs?
wiTelxalaTiani (tatianas). SegWamo? Segaxramuno? ginda, ise dagagdeb
gzaze, ubralod, me ki ar SegWam _
mglebi, yvavebi Segaxramuneben. ginda?
vasia (wiTelxalaTians Semoabrunebs). vidre magas Seaxramunebde, me
gameci pasuxi, Torem sulac ukbilo
darCebi. fiSeris saxlSi vin Sevida?
wiTelxalaTiani (cxvirze wkipurts
gahkravs). Sena xar, qveSafsia? Sen Sesuliyavi fiSeris saxlSi. ggonia, fiSerma mosawvevi gamomigzavna?
vasia. ggonia, fiSers Seni SeeSin-
guram baTiaSvili
51
TelxalaTians TavSi Cascxebs). arc
axla daijereb, rom Coxa Cemia?
wiTelxalaTiani moceliliviT daecema.
zalcmani. andrei dmitreviC, aki
samarTali urmiT dadiso!
andrei. ratom, ratom gezrdeba
aseTi Svilebic, Cemo didebulo, Cemo
sabralo ruseTo!
vasia (xalxs). xom dainaxeT, swored
maSin uwia RvTis risxvam, roca Cvens
mterTan saidumlo kavSirs abamda.
xalxis moRalates RmerTi ar daindobs!
andrei. adamianebi, adamianebi, adamianebi! arc axla gjeraT, rom rusi
kacis mteri isev rusia, sxva aravin?
xalxma erTxmad iquxa:
_ egrea!
_ kidev dahka!
_ ar daindo!
_ CaaZaRle eg gaumaZRari!
vasia. is miezRo, rac ekuTvnoda. es
ki Cvens xelTaa (daviTs). xalxis winaSe aRiare, ras geCurCuleboda, ra
kavSirs abamdi Cvens mterTan (daviTi uxmod dgas). xedavT, xalxno, ar
gvitydeba. ra ekuTvnis?!
_ sikvdili!
_ CaaZaRle!
_ rozgi, rozgi!
_ Cveneburi, xalxuri!
gaismis yiJina, srola. Semorbian
Coxosnebi _ saba, Sio, nikolozi, giorgi da amirani.
_ daiCoqeT!
_ daiCoqeT!
_ Cqara!
_ swrafad, swrafad!
_ yvelam daiCoqeT!
daraxi (sixaruliT). saba! gadavrCiT! israelebo, gadavrCiT!
vasia im qvas daswvdeba, romliTac
wiTelxalaTiani mokla. daviTi vasias
ganzraxvas miuxvdeba da fexs hkravs,
mere Siosken garbis. vasia daedevneba.
dramaturgia
52
saba (dainaxavs, vasia daviTs qviT
rom dasdevs, gzas mouWris, maTraxs
gadauWers). daiCoqeT-meTqi!
saba. ratom Segkres?
daviTi. mokvlas mipirebdnen, Sen,
mgoni, qarTveli xar!
saba. qarTveli var!
daviTi. Tqven ara, ai, aman Semxsnas.
saba (vasias). Sena? ra yoCaRi yofilxar, aba, Sexseni!
vasia. me Sevkari?
saba (vasias maTraxis tariT miswvdeba). Sen uyvarxar, sxva aravin.
Sexseni!
vasia (auCqareblad, zizRiT xsnis
Toks). yvelgan melode da yoveldRe!
daviTi. xanjliT da tyviiT dagelodebi.
saba (ebraelTa Soris viRacas daeZebs). damarbevelni _ aqeT! (adgilidan aravin iZvris). damarbevelni_
marcxniv, swrafad!
vasia. Sen vin xar, rom ase gvibrZaneb?
saba (vasias gadaxedavs, pasuxs ar
aZlevs. axla misTvis mTavaria, is ipovos, visac daeZebs. vasias xeliT aniSnebs marcxena mxares gadadio. vasias
es kidev ufro gaaRizianebs). gadadi,
gadadi!.
vasia. ra Seni saqmea, vin gekiTxeba
Cven aq ras vizamT?
saba. ai, iq dadeqi!
megarmone (jambaziviT daiWyaneba
da garmons aaWyipinebs. vasias gverdiT amoudgeba). egrea, Sen nu gvibrZaneb!.
sabas Rimili moereva da maTraxs
awevs. vasiac da megarmonec umal damarbevlebs SeuerTdebian. Coxosnebi
damarbevlebs gars uvlian da erT kuTxeSi Tavmoyras aCqareben.
_ Cqara, Cqara!
_ daiCoqeT!
oriode kaci daiCoqebs.
tatiana. vis uCoqebT, Zmebo!
SeZaxilebi:
_ mefisa da mamulis erTgul xalxs
suls xdiT!
_ Cven uriebs vurtyamT, Tqven ra
gindaT?
_ gagvecaleT, Torem uriebze uares dReSi CagagdebT!
_ wadiT!
_ es Cveni qalaqia!
saba (TvalebSi risxva Caudgeba).
maTraxi, maTraxi salaxanebs! (vasias
Tavad gadauWers maTraxs).
Coxosnebi maTraxs scemen:
_ daiCoqeT!
_ daiCoqeT!
_ muxlebze!
zalcmani (daviTs). Sennairad acviaT. vin arian Cveni mxsnelebi. gamCenma
vin CaTvala Rirsad am sikeTisa.
daviTi (pirze Rimili moadgeba).
sadRac mTebSi cxovroben.
zalcmani (raRacas alRo auRo). ai,
iq, kavkasiis mTebSi?
raxili. qarTvelebi arian da gvicaven, babu! ai, is Cveni universitetis
privat-docentia, saba kldiaSvili.
zalcmani (raxils akvirdeba). mere
Sen egre ratom gawiTldi?..
andrei (sasowarkveTili). culi,
uSveleT!
raxili. mkvlelebi! (erTi naxtomiT sabas amoudgeba gverdiT).
saba uceb motrialdeba. warbsac
ar Seixris.
culians mrisxane mzeras Seavlebs.
SeZaxilebi:
_ dahkari!
_ raRas ayovneb!
_ magas rusebi sZuls.
_ xom xedav, ras gviSvreba!
Sio (dambaCas SemarTavs). daagde
culi!
saba (Sios). dambaCa Seinaxe! (culians miubrundeba, xmadabla, mSvidad).
erTi, ori, gijobs SeCerde! (culiani sabas mzeras ver gauZlebs. nabijs
guram baTiaSvili
Seanelebs. culs daagdebs. damarbevelT gminva aRmoxdebaT). momilocavs, sicocxle gadairCine! axla iq
midi, imaT Soris daiCoqe!
culiani morCilad midis moZmeebTan, muxlebze daecema, vasia TavSi wauTaqebs.
saba. Tqven ggoniaT, rom qristianebi xarT, magram, manam ver iqnebiT
qristianebi, sanam siZulvils ar moiSliT, Cven samtro araferi gvaqvs.
aTi weliwadia am qalaqSi vcxovrob.
Zalian miyvars ruseTi, ruseTi rom
miyvars, amitom mZulxarT Tqven, yvelani naZiralebi xarT _ arcxvenT samSoblos
sabas aqeT-iqidan setyvasaviT daayares:
_ Tqven magaT ar icnobT!
_ matyuarebi arian!
_ Cvens mefes ebrZvian!
_ unda gasriso, unda mospo!
saba (maTraxi braziT aiqnia). zRvisken wavasxaT yvelani, zRvam daacxros
amaTi bilwi vneba!
Sio, nikolozi, giorgi da amirani
damarbevlebs zRvisken erekebian, damarbevelni ki auCqareblad irjebian,
butbuteben, iginebian.
_ Cqara, Cqara!
_ aba, wamoxti, briyvo!
_ ar avdgebi!
_ maTraxi!
damarbevelni wamoxtebian, winwasulT sirbiliT wamoewevian.
saba (megarmonesa da vasias). Tqven
raRas elodebiT?
vasia. Sen! ori sityva unda giTxra,
mxolod ori (saba uxmod misCerebia).
ukve mkvdari, ukve tyviiT dacxriluli, saflavSic rom iwve, iqac gesvri,
xelmeored mogklav.
megarmone. cocxals ki dedas gitireb, ucxoelo!
saba (erTxans RimiliT Sescqeris
megarmones, uceb wamoenTeba). aqedan
53
damekargeT, maTxovrebo! (maTraxs
utlaSunebs. megarmone da vasia garbian). Sio, sanam siciviT ar akankaldebian, wyalSi gyavdes egeni (gajgimul policiels dainaxavs). Sen, Sen aq
ra ginda?
policieli. me policieli, Tqveno
aRmate...
saba. policieli ruseTis Rirsebas unda icavdes uRirsi rusebisgan,
wyalSi, Cqara!
policieli. aris, Tqveno aRmatebulebav! (midis).
xuxmani. me...me... (policiels aedevneba, frTxilad, gaurkvevlad gadadgams ramdenime nabijs, wamoeweva).
policieli (xuxmans SeamCnevs, mobrundeba. doinjSemoyrili, braziT
Sescqeris). Sen CvenTan ra ginda, uriav? marSiT, marSiT!
xuxmani umweod dgas ebraelTa da
zRvis sanapiros Sua. iqiT damarbevelni midian, aqeT ebraelni dganan.
raxili. saba...
saba. sada xar, dageZeb (mzeras qalis ube mostacebs). xom araferi dagiSavda?
raxili (mkerdze xels aifarebs).
gadagvarCine, madlobeli var!
saba (pawia xeli qalis ubes ver faravs, Tvali qalis ubisaken gaurbis).
kargi gogo xar, Zalian kargi!
raxili. ase nu momCerebixar!
saba (mzeraSi ymawviluri siance
gauelvebs). Tu saamoa sacqerlad...
daviTi. mec madlobeli var, batono Cemo.
saba. Tqven vin brZandebiT, batono?
daviTi. qarTveli ebraeli var,
RmerTma sikeTe da gamarjveba nu mogiSaloT am ubeduri xalxis dacvisaTvis. imereTidan gadmomagdo bedma
aqeT.
daviTi mqvia, ruseTSi pirvelad
Camovedi da...
dramaturgia
54
saba. agaSena RmerTma!
daviTi. ase daSla ar ivargebs. raxan ase gadagvarCina RmerTma, iqneba,
gveTqva erTmaneTisTvis erTi-ori
tkbili sityva. imnairi colikouri
maqvs Camotanili...
saba (Rimili moereva). marTla imereli yofilxar! mobrZandi xval universitetSi, privat-docenti saba
kldiaSvili ikiTxe.
iosebi (loyaze sisxli Sexmobia).
gvinda, madloba giTxraT, Svilo,
sxva Cven araferi gagvaCnia. Tu rame
gvqonda, wagvarTves, agvaoxres.
zalcmani (Tavze ciciTs gadaifarebs). Sen Tu Cveulebrivi adamiani xar, iseTive ubralo da mokvdavi,
rogorc Cven da ver aitane adamianis
damcireba, Cagvra, madloba unda giTxraT, kurTxeul iyos qali da miwa,
romelmac gagzarda! da, Tu Sen isa
xar, visac RmerTi Tavis zraxvaTa
ganxorcielebas avalebs, Cveni valia,
Tavi movidrikoT Sens winaSe. Tavs
vidrekT da ara muxls _ RmerTi gvikrZalavs adamianis winaSe muxlis modrekas. (ebraelebs). sionis Svilno!
saba umweod dgas, raxils siamaye dauflebia. zalcmani sabas winaSe Tavs idreks. sxvebic amoudgebian
gverdiT, nel-nela ikvreba Tavmodrekil adamianTa wre. tanjuli qalebis, bavSvebis, moxucebis saxeebze sasoeba da saTnoeba aRibeWdeba. es adamianebi axla bednierni arian.
andrei. madlobeli var, qarTvelo,
dRes Sen Cemi _ rusi kacis _ Rirseba
daicavi.
viRac ebraul simReras wamoiwyebs. xalxis gulebidan Zlieri xmebi
modis. mravali saukunis winandeli
simRera TiTqos gars uvlis, ealerseba sabasa da mis megobrebs. adamianebs Soris silaRe daisadgurebs.
es tansacmelSemofleTili, saxeebze, xelebze, fexebze sisxlSeum-
guram baTiaSvili
55
varT, rom yoveli gasaWirisas mogvivlens mSvelels. dRes Sen agirCia
Cvens mSvelelad. roca mis winaSe
warsdgebi, SesTxove, gvakmaros gafantuloba, ucxoobaSi cxovreba.
qalTa gundi orad gaiyofa. auCqareblad, mZimed modis ciciTmosxmuli quTaiseli ebraeli.
quTaiseli ebraeli. gardacvalebis dRe jobs dabadebis dRes gvaswavlis iudeis didi mefe solomoni.
ratom jobs gardacvalebis gulismomkvleli dRe dabadebis sixaruls?
roca adamiani ibadeba, Cven ar viciT,
risTvis icxovrebs qveynad, ris samsaxurSi iqneba. dRes saba kldiaSvils
miwas rom vabarebT, viciT, rogor,
risTvis icxovra _ gamCenis samsaxurSi Cadga. amitom mogmarTavT Tavmodrekili TxovniT: Tu Tqvens rjuls
Crdils ar mivayenebT, Tu micvalebulis suls glaxa samsaxurs ar gavuwevT, cota xniT salocavSi SevabrZanoT. gvinda, vakurTxoT da vadidoT
misi suli. gamCens SevevedroT, rom
gauxsnas samoTxis mZime kari.
grigoli. ara, megobaro, madlobeli varT, magram qristiani kaci qristianuli wesiT unda dasaflavdes.
quTaiseli ebraeli (pauzis Semdeg). gamCenis Svili iyo, imisi, vinc
mis suls samoTxeSi daabrZanebs!
ismis galoba `el male raxamim,~
romliTac gardacvlil ebraelebs
samaradJamo gzaze miacileben.
farda
poezia
56
U amuna
m afauri
maxarobeli
giorgobisTvis
miwurulSi
Cemi saxlis win,
morcxvad
mxrebdaxril
naZvis totze,
yorani uceb
didi xnis
nanatr
ocnebas
mohkveTs
da daudgeba
diriJorad
Tavisi gvaris
uniWo
orkestrs.
am frakianma
Savma mogvma
sisxamze
raRac
avi maxara:
ver mogarTveso
asruleba
sixarulis,
amas damCxavis
gametebiT
yvavis
baxala.
Tamuna lafauri
57
mikvirs am sevdis qarborbalaSi
wlebma uSenod rogor iares.
lurjad Seferil iasamnebSi
Camqrali nami aRar brWyvialebs,
SemoscveTia sicocxles feri,
TvalebSi cecxli aRar brialebs.
qari ki hgavda ocnebas waSlils,
qarebma gulze gadamiares,
axla marto var am mwuxris baRSi
da veRar vSveli gaxsnil iarebs.
Seni ieri
garSemo yvelafers:
am Walebs, am qedebs
sul Seni ieri atyvia.
vcdilob da fardagad ver gifen
guls, sevdiT daRaruls, natyviars...
nislebi faraven Cven Soris saval gzebs,
es mzec igvianebs, utyvi da upiro,
aRar damanebes eg Seni Tvalebi,
roSkis tbasaviT lurji da uZiro.
bolavs mTebi da bolavs xeoba,
Wauxebs ar SveniT cerebi unislo,
SeuCveveli sevda SemeCvia,
xiluli Ramis fiqrebi umizno.
da irgvliv am Walebs, am qedebs
sul Seni ieri atyvia,
kvaldakval mogdev da vavadob,
gnatrob, uSenoba matyvia...
cremlis akido
cam daikrifa gulxeli wamiT...
ai, wvimamac gadaiRo!
mze naocnebar xnulebSi daTrTis,
vwuxvar!.. paemani gadaido.
poezia
58
vkecav gomboris moqneul Saras,
haerSi buerebi gaiSala,
sircxviliT loyebi aswvia askils,
vwuxvar!.. paemani CaiSala.
vuxmob mkaTaTvis yvTel feriebs,
survilebi rom leqsad avkinZo,
Tavgzas rogor mirevs Seni siSore da
mzis upeebSi cremlis akido.
sad aris?!
sad aris trfoba
maradisi,
gausaZlisi siyvarulis
dro da sawyisi?!
sad aris Sveba dauZleveli,
yvela bomonis Semrisxavi
da uZleveli.
netav sad aris simartovis
didi nugeSi,
sad aris satrfo, rom Cagikras
Tbilad ubeSi.
mze am gausxlav lerwmianSi
aba, sad aris?!
Tvali Seavle sinanulis
is sul aq aris!!!
me da Sen
amaRam mgoni iqneba qari
p. iaSvili
Tamuna lafauri
oqtomberSi
oqtomberSi qari aSlis yviTel foTlebs,
sasTumalTan Camojdeba TeTri bindi.
dro rom movkla sul uazrod vfurclav flobers,
meramdene saRamoa, gicdi...
ialqnebi Srialeben gaSlil zRvaSi,
sevda mefobs, rogorc bedis triali,
karis miRma ismis Cumi facifuci,
qaria Tu Zveli kibis Wriali?!
ra vqna, isev menatrebi, usaSvelod,
ocnebasac kvlav dascvivda lurji fifqi,
foTolcvenas horizontad gahyolia
da Ramisfrad Seferila Senze fiqri.
qari talRebs vnebis kalTas daabertyavs,
undobari xasiaTs ra swrafad icvlis,
male saaTs CamorCeba uZiloba,
uSenobis mZime wuTebs ZlivsRa viTvli.
axla Zalze gviania, aRar moxval,
JiniT xeebs gauwewavT Tmebi qarSi,
aqafebul enas aRar aCereben,
Woriknebi Woraoben foTlis SvavSi.
rogorc neqtars, ewafeba talRa silas,
trfobis bangi usvams damaTrobeli,
av moleqses _ qars gavufen Ramis fiqrebs,
mombezrdeba furcvla gustav floberis...
59
poezia
60
kesane
kldis napralebSi raad imalvi,
raad iCrdileb saxes, kesane?!
mo, Cems kalTaSi daimyudrove,
modi, kesane, Seni kvnesame!
mzem daivana alpebSi RamiT,
visi bralia, Cemo kesane?!
mo, Txel kabaze mogesaTuTo,
modi, kesane, Seni kvnesame!
SenTvis amovvle mTis bilikebi,
Sens Sesaxvedrad rogor vewame,
mo, lurj kabaze mogesalbuno,
modi, kesane, Seni kvnesame!
poezia
j rakli
w aSaymaZe
ra Tavsxma iyo...
Camomtvreuli kenwero iwvis,
RamiT muxaze mexi daimsxvra,
ra Tavsxma iyo, ra kvnesa simwris!
ar masvenebda RamiT qaris xma.
gaTenda...
axla rtoc ar irweva,
Camesmis Cqami mxolod gulisTqmis:
boroti mudam siZulvils iwvevs
da gvsjis usazRvro siyvarulisTvis...
mobrZandi...
miZuZgureb da...
mWam... mkortni
mas mere, rac davibade,
Semodi, gulSi Cagikrav
da saxe gadamibadre...
mobrZandi, guli Riaa,
saxlSi Semosvla ikadre...
an mkerdSi Camec maxvili,
an yeli gamomiRadre...
arsTa gamriges...
...caTa zecidan dagvcqeri,
rogorc umweo bacilebs,
Cveni wvaleba-RavRavi
gaxarxarebs da gacinebs...
ra cda-gamocdebs gvitareb,
yovlisa arsTa gamrigev,
ki uwyi, ra Sav dReSic varT,
gulistkivilsac gagvigeb...
61
poezia
62
quTaisi
guliko lolomaZes
vardisfer nislSi curavs bagrati,
viT RvTismSobelis lurji zmaneba,
cira-mnaTobi, kalmiT naxati,
amaRlebaSi miemgzavreba.
xeebSi dilis qari qanaobs,
vardebis surnels balaxvans ukmevs,
wiTeli CanTa, TeTri marao
simorcxviT faravs qaTqaTa muxlebs...
...mere jvrebian baraTebs mwerdi,
tkbils, sanetaros, umankos, mzians,
gulisnadebi mwveli da wrfeli
amzianebda wkvarams da wyvdiads.
mere... warsulSi Caimsxvrnen wlebi...
gauCinarda... sxivi-aqati,
vardis yvavilTa nazi furclebi,
cira-mnaTobi, kalmiT naxati...
...dRes, viT RvTismSoblis lurji zmaneba,
vardisfer nislSi moCans bagrati...
irakli vaSaymaZe
jamisarecxela
cxela...
moTvlems jamisarecxela,
Zlivs miaTrevs cxel kenWebze tans,
rogor surs da rogor unda,
Camohgavdes rionsa da mtkvars...
cxela, moTvlems jamisarecxela,
rionis da koriswyalis rtoo!
gadmiSale Seni Tbili guli,
rom bavSvoba Sens liclicSi vpovo...
cxela, moTvlems nakadulis dari,
bebiebi aq recxavdnen jamebs...
Cemi tkbili jamisarecxela
Serevia imereTis Rames...
63
64
h iorgi
b libegaSvili
aTonis wmida mTis qarTvelTa lavra
`netarno moRvaweno da yovlad qebulno mamano, ioane da efTvimi, samkaulno da siqadulno naTesavisa Cvenisano, evedreniT qristesa RmerTsa, raTa codvaTa Sendoba mogvaniWos~.
ezra aToneli
Tavdapirvelad ganvmartavT: erTerTma pirvelma cnobilma bizantinistma aleqsandre aleqsiZem SeniSna, rom TviT saxelwodebam `iviron~
(iverTa) droTa viTarebaSi dakarga
Tavisi pirvandeli semantika da berZenTa umravlesobisTvis igi JRers,
rogorc aTonis erT-erTi berZnuli
savanis Sinaarssmoklebuli saxelwodeba, xolo sityva `ivir~ (iverieli)
aRniSnavs masSi mcxovreb da moRvawe
pirovnebas. am realobis gaTvaliswinebiT, qarTvelTa monastris saxelwodebad unda gamoviyenoT ara ivironi, aramed sruli saxeldeba _ iverTa
an qarTvelTa lavra, miT umetes, rom
Cveni winaprebic mas ase moixseniebdnen (amaze qvemoT). rac Seexeba mis
istorias:
qarTveli sazogadoebisaTvis naklebcnobili Tanamedrove berZnuli narkvevebi iverTa samzrunvelos
daarsebis Sesaxeb araerT sakiTxSi
Tanxvdeba qarTul wyaroebs, Tumca
ramdenadme gansxvavdeba. jer warmovadgenT berZnul monacemebs, romlebiTac aTonze mosalocad Casuli sasuliero Tu saero pirebi qarTvelTa
giorgi alibegaSvili
65
di XVI saukunis bolomde gagrZelda, vidre mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri sirTuleebi wamoiWreboda. am
TiTqosda gamouvali mdgomareobis
daZlevis mizniT iverieli monazvnebi samSobloSi Cavidnen da mefe
aleqsandre VI-s (?) ewvivnen, romelsac monastris gasaRebi gadasces da
materialuri Tanadgoma sTxoves. am
qmedebebis, agreTve, monazvnebis sxva
qveynebSi sakalmasod mogzaurobis
Sedegadac didZali Tanxa Segrovda,
ramac monasters ara mxolod valebis
gastumrebis, aramed axali Senobebis
agebis saSualebac misca, xolo monazonTa ricxvi sagrZnoblad gaizarda.
XVII saukunis miwuruls iverielTa lavris monazvnebma mefe aleqsei
mixailoviCis miwveviT ruseTs miaSures, Tan saCuqrad iveriis karis
RvTismSoblis xatis asli waabrZanes,
romlis wyalobiTac xelmwifis asuli
ganikurna. dedaRvTisadmi da iverieli monazvnebisadmi madlierebis niSnad aleqsei mixailoviCma maT moskovis centrSi metoqad wmida nikolozis monasteri gadasca.
amave dros qarTvelTa lavrisadmi interesi araerTma patriarqmac
gamoamJRavna, romelTac mas mravalmxrivi daxmareba aRmouCines. garkveuli drois manZilze aq berZenTa
erovnuli mowame patriarqi grigoli
V imyofeboda. 1821 wels osmaloTa
imperiis winaaRmdeg berZenTa erovnul-gamaTavisuflebeli brZolisas
iverTa monasters kvlav mZime dReebi
daudga ZiriTadad im mniSvnelovani
Sewirulobebis gamo, romlebic saxalxo ajanyebisaTvis gaiRo. orjer,
1845 da 1865 wlebSi, lavris nawili
saSineli xanZrisagan dazianda, magram
Semdeg sakuTari simdidriTa da mravali qristianis TanadgomiT aRdgenil iqna.
RvTismSoblis miZinebas miZRvnili
66
mTavari eklesia XI saukunis pirvel
naxevarSi qarTvelma monazonma giorgi varazvaCem aago, romelic mravali
wlis manZilze monastris winamZRvari iyo. 1513 wels saydari gadakeTda. is daaxloebiT monastris ezos
SuaSi mdebareobs da bizantiur-aTonuri stiliTaa naSenebi. pirveli eklesiisagan marmarilos brwyinvale
mopirkeTebaa SemorCenili geometriuli moxatulobebiTa da garSemo
warweriT: `me, grigolma, iverielma
monazonma da qtitorma, gavamagre misi svetebi, raTa ar Seiryes ukuniTi
ukunisamde. sainteresoa sakuTriv
taZris svetebis orsartyliani kapitelebic (bunebrivia, meored gamoyenebuli), romelTa akanTebic foTlebiTa da gverdidan xborebis TavebiTaa Semkuli.
taZris freskebi sxvadasxva dros
daiwera, dawyebuli XVI saukunidan
XIX saukunis dasasruliT, rodesac
isini axali moxatulobebiT daifara.
gansakuTrebul interess imsaxurebs
Semdgombizantiuri drois xeze nakveTi kankeli mdidruli mcenareuli
dekoriT, gareTa narTeqsidan litis
WiSkris vercxlisa da abanozis natifad Sesrulebuli Sesasvleli kari
da vercxlis Svidlampari sasanTle,
romelsac limonis xis forma aqvs, amSvenebs 30 mooqruli limoni da 7 Sandali. orenovani leqsad gamoTqmuli
warweris (berZnulad da rusulad)
mixedviT, is 1818 wels monastrisaTvis arqimandrit kiriles moskovis
macxovreblebma aCuqes.
taZris ormag narTeqss mogvianebiT mesame _ Seminuli narTeqsi miaSenes, romelic 1795 wels moixata
freskebiT. RvTissaxlis win nakurTxi
wylis fiala mdebareobs; is 1865 wlis
xanZris Semdeg aRadgines. fasadis pirispir ki monastris satrapezoa;igi
1848 wels arqimandritma aTanase
giorgi alibegaSvili
67
SesaniSnavi kretsabmeli da sxva wmida
sagnebi Tu relikviebi. dabolos, aq
daculia imperator ioane I cimisxiosis (969-976 ww.) e. w. samRvdelTmTavro bisoni (samosi, sakosi), romelic
biblioTekaSia. is sxvadasxva saxis
moxatulobis arabeskebiT, 10 lomisa
da 4 orTaviani arwivis gamosaxulebebiTaa damSvenebuli.
mdidruli da kargad organizebulia monastris biblioTeka. aq sxvadasxva masalaze dawerili da gansxvavebuli Sinaarsis 2000-ze meti xelnaweri da 15 liturgikuli gragnilia
daculi. maT Soris 123 etratzea Sesrulebuli, danarCeni (23) _ bombazinsa
(abreSumis tiloze) da qaRaldze. amaT
unda daematos, aseve, daaxloebiT 100
qarTulenovani xelnaweri. yuradRebas imsaxurebs zogierTi berZnuli manuskriptis ilustraciebic (gansakuTrebiT 1, 5, 55, 56, 111, 463, 874 da
sxv.). xelnawerTa ganyofilebis garda,
biblioTekaSi 20 000-ze meti beWduri
wignia daculi, zogierTi maTgani arqetipi da ZvelbeWduri gamocemaa.
aqve inaxeba didad faseuli dokumentebi imperatorebisa da patriarqebis, upirveles yovlisa, oqrobeWdebi
imperatorebis _ konstantine VII porfirogenetis (946 da 958 ww.), romanoz
II-is (960 w.), basili II-is (980 w.) da sxv.
qarTvelTa lavras aTonis 20 monastris ierarqiaSi mesame adgili ukavia.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom aTonis sabWos sabuTebs qarTvelTa samzrunvelos winamZRvari Tu warmomadgeneli
xels awerda protosis (pirvelis) an
aTanase didis lavris iRumenis, xolo
1366 wlidan _ yovelTvis vatopedis
warmomadgenlis Semdeg, rasac winaT
adgili ar hqonia. es qarTvelTa lavris garkveuli daRmavlobis niSania,
rac gansakuTrebiT XV saukuneSi gamoikveTa. amJamad iverTa samzrunvelo zogadcxovrebiTi, anu erTad
68
moweseobis lavraa (1990 wlidan). rogorc iTqva, uwin aq qarTveli monazvnebi cxovrobdnen; maTi saukunovani
moRvaweobis Sedegad monasteri qarTvelTaTvis mniSvnelovani kulturuli centri iyo. ukanaskneli qarTveli beri 1955 wels gardaicvala.
amJamad iq asamde mowesea, romlebic
lavrasa da mis gareT _ skitsa da senakebSi iRvwian. maT Soris arc erTi
ar aris Cveni Tanamemamule.
zemoT SevniSneT, rom qarTuli
werilobiTi monacemebi qarTvelTa
monastris zemomoyvanil istorias,
erTi mxriv, avseben da, meore mxriv,
bevr sakiTxs hfenen naTels da sayuradRebo detalebs gvawvdian; kidev
ufro davazustebT saTqmels: qarTuli wyaroebis saxiT xelT gvaqvs utyuari, dawvrilebiTi cnobebi, romlebic uSualod da zedmiwevniT gadmoscems lavris daarsebis istorias,
ris WeSmaritebaSic eWvis Setanis aranairi safuZveli ar arsebobs.
qarTvelTa samzrunvelos safuZvlis Cayris umTavresi wyaro wmida giorgi mTawmidelis `wm. ioanesa
da wm. eqvTimes cxovrebaa~. qarTvel
Tu ucxoel mecnierTa gamokvlevebSi
iverTa monastris daarsebis istoria
mokled asea warmodgenili:
Tavidanve SevniSnavT, rom wm. ioanesa da wm. eqvTimes gamoCenamde qarTvelebi wmida mTaze ukve Camosulni
Canan _ maT samyofs aTo ewodeboda;
es mosagreebi iyvnen mose (971 wlamde), didi aTanase (971-981 ww.), arseni da sxvani, romlebic zemoxsenebul
aTos samzrunveloSi, agreTve, wm.
klimentosis monastersa da aTanase
didis lavraSi moweseobdnen; Tumca
wmida mTaze qarTuli monasteri am
droisaTvis ar arsebobda.
qarTvelTa lavris saZirkvlis gamWrelma wm. ioanem, romelic iyo `naTesaviT qarTveli, mSobelTa da pap-
giorgi alibegaSvili
ara raime saWiroebis, an dacinvis, an farisevlurad, an kanonierebis ucodinarobis gamo vakeTeb amas,
aramed gonebis CareviTa da sakuTari nebiT, rogorc amboben, azriTa
da mosazrebiT da rCeul mamebTan SeTanxmebiT, romlebic TviTonve aweren xels da adastureben wyalobis
am sigels, miZRvnils marTlmorwmune berisa da winamZRolis, ioane qarTvelisadmi, xolo misi saSualebiT _
klimentosad wodebuli ubrwyinvalesi monastrisadmi.
roca uRvTisnieresi ioane movida
Cven mTaze, SemomierTda me, sawyalobelsa da codvils, da damemorCila
glaxaks, _ RvTis nebiTac da misi sakuTari Tavmdablobisa da RvTisnierobis gamoc; asrulebda qveli cxovrebis mravalsa da nairgvar wess da
misi suli brwyinavda da anaTebda,
rogorc mze. miaRwia ra srulyofas,
bevri da didi samsaxuri gagviwia da
Tavisi SexedulebebiT gvwinamZRvrobda.
mTeli im drois ganmavlobaSi, rac
is srul morCilebaSi iyo, emsaxureboda ara marto RmerTs, aramed mec,
sawyalobels da sxva ZmaTa mimarTac
iseTi mzrunveli iyo, rogorc manamde aravin yofila. igi Tanabari yuradRebiT epyroboda maTac, vinc miatova STamomavloba da imaTac, vinc
imTaviTve ganudga amas.
sanatrelma ioanem mravaljer didi gaWirvebiT gadacura zRva samefo
qalaqisaken, bevr mefes warudga da
ebaasa.
dawyebuli maradsaxsenebeli ufali nikifores droidan vidre dRevandelobamde, ioane miRebuli iyo mefeTa karze, mas pativiT epyrobodnen,
radgan axsovdaT brwyinvale mefeTagan misi didi saTnoebis dafaseba,
amitom asrulebdnen mis saTxovars da
wyalobdnen Cvens monasters.
69
ioanes TxovniT, ufalma mefe ioanem gviboZa qrisobuli (oqrobeWedi),
romlis ZaliTac kunZul lemnoss yovel weliwads unda moeca oras ormocdaoTxi nomizma, romelsac dRevandlamde vRebulobT.
mefe basilimac, romanozis Zem, meore qrisobuli misca samgzis sanatrel ioanes, romliTac kunZuli neoni, axla evstratiosi rom ewodeba,
mas daemorCila. amgvarad, qrisobuli
da kunZuli eboZa Cvens uZvirfases
ioanes, romelmac dabrunebis Semdeg
isini Cvens monasters gadmosca.
ioane keTil saqmes marto maSin ki
ar gvikeTebda, roca Cvens lavraSi
imyofeboda, aramed maSinac ki, rodesac igi wavida monastridan da RvTis
SewevniT aRmarTa da aRaSena Tavisi
monasteri klimentosi. igi ar wyvetda Cvens mwyaloblobas da, saxarebis
sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, msxverplad
mohqonda sakuTari suli CvenTvis da
Cveni monastris aRdgenisaTvis. maSinac da axlac igi iRvwis, raTa Seqmnas da gaamyaros Cveni monasteri da
roca Seityobs Cvens gasaWirs, yovelTvis uxvad gangvikiTxavs xolme~.
da isev wmida aTanases anderZSi vkiTxulobT: `epitropad vtoveb
ufal ioanes, romelic didi xnis ganmavlobaSi irjeboda didi daTminebiT, morCilebiTa da simSvidiT, gvwinamZRvrobda mec da mTel Zmobasac.
msurs, Cemi sikvdilis Semdeg, Tu
SesaZlebelia, man isev CvenTan erTad
winandeburad icxovros aq, rogorc
aqauri Zmobis mfarvelma da winamZRolma, radgan igi Cveni mwyalobelia da gansakuTrebiT ki imitom, rom
wmida sulia, yvelasagan gamoirCeva
da Tanac sacnauri gaxada CemTvis Tavisi Tavmdabloba da Cveni ZmobisaTvis _ ubadlo siyvaruli da WeSmariti
rwmena (es yvelaferi gamocdilebiT
vici, radgan erTad ganvvleT cxov-
70
reba, erTad viRvaweT da vicxovreT
am mTaze; igi xSirad modioda Cven monasterSi).
xolo sikvdilis win, manac iseve,
rogorc me, epitropad datovos sulieri memkvidre ufali efTvime _ Tavisi Svili suliTac da xorciTac.
efTvimemac aRsasrulis win izrunos, raTa Cveni monastris winamZRvrad dainiSnos iseTi piri Cvensave
monastridan an mTawmidis sxva adgilidan, romelsac Rirsad scnobs aseTi saqmisaTvis da romelic mTel Zmobas atarebs qveli cxovrebis gziT~.
ramdenime wlis Semdeg aTonel
qarTvelebs didi Tornike erisTavi
SeuerTda, romelic Tavis qveyanaSi aRkveciliyo monazvnad; ioanes is
jer olimpoze eZebda, bolos aTonze
miagno da `kurTxevai monazonebisai~
misgan miiRo. aTanasemac didi pativiT Seiwynara Tornike, radgan ara
`umecar iyo mis saqmesa da warCinebulobasa da axovnebasa~.
swored am periodSi miaSura aTons
araerTma qarTvelma, ris gamoc, ioanem aTanases monasterSi darCena SeuZleblad miiCnia da didi lavris
Soriaxlos TanamoazreebTan erTad
wmida ioane maxareblis eklesia da senakebi aago. es 969 wlis axlo xanebSi
ganxorcielda, radgan am wlis dokumentSi ioanesa da Tornikes senakia
moxseniebuli. ramdenime xnis Semdeg
bizantiis mefiswulebis _ basilisa
da konstantines winaaRmdeg mcireazieli feodali, barda skliarosi
ajanyda. saimperatoro karma daxmarebisaTvis mimarTa daviT kuropalats
(961-1001 ww.), risTvisac Suamavloba
aTonel qarTvelebs sTxova. aTanasem da ioanem es misia ioane Tornikyofils miandes. daviT kurapalati
12 000 mxedriT daexmara bizantielebs, jars saTaveSi Tornike Cauyena.
rogorc Cans, qarTvelebma mniSvne-
giorgi alibegaSvili
didebuli~ (zosime monazoni), `qarTvelTa didebuli monasteri~ (p. konWoSvili), `monasteri caTa mobaZavi
qarTvelTa~ (f. SaqaraSvili) da a.S.
erT-erTi cnobiT, qarTvelTa samzrunvelos damaarsebelni, ioane da
ioane Tornikyofili, Zmebi arian:
`mogvixseneniT me, iovane, da sulierad da xorcielad Zma Cemi iovane
Tornikyofili da Svili Cemi efTvime~.
985 wlisaTvis qarTvelTa lavra Camoyalibebuli samonastro kompleqsia. misi qtitorebis aRiarebas
ki, rogorc zemoT iTqva, aToneli
qarTveli mamebis cxovrebis aRmwereli berZnulenovani teqstis Seqmnac
adasturebs. iverielma moweseebma
Tavidanve miznad daisaxes bizantiuri literaturis qarTul enaze gadmoReba, raSic, wm. ioanes surviliT,
gansakuTrebuli wvlili misma Zem, wm.
eqvTimem Seitana. man Targmna araerTi
sasuliero Zegli, romlebic gamokveTen qarTuli qristianuli kulturis
mniSvnelobasa da mizandasaxulobas _
yofiliyo msoflio marTlmadideblobis ganuyofeli nawili.
wm. ioanes (winamZRvrobda 980-1005
wlebSi) gardacvalebis Semdeg lavris
meore winamZRvari wm. eqvTime gaxda
(1005-1019 ww.), rasac sxvadasxva dokumenti adasturebs, kerZod: klimentiosis monastris oqmi (1008 w.), protosis sigeli (1015 w.), winamZRvarTa
SeTanxmeba (1016 w.), protos nikiforesa da aToneli winamZRvrebis dadgenileba (1017 w.), aseTive xasiaTis
meore sabuTi (1018 w.) da sxv.
rogorc SeiniSna, erT-erTi cnobiT, 1001 wels aTonis didi lavris
winamZRvris, wm. aTanases Tanaxmad,
qarTvelTa samzrunvelos gaZRolasTan erTad, wm. eqvTime aTonis didi lavris, imave aTanase didis monastris, `sulier epitropad~ anu
71
mzrunvelad dainiSna. wm. ioanes gardacvalebis Semdeg wm. eqvTime am Tanamdebobaze sikvdilamde iyo (wm.
aTanases anderZiT, wm. eqvTimemde es
Tanamdeboba wm. ioanes epyra). wm. eqvTime ar yofila formaluri `sulieri epitropi~ aTonis didi lavrisa;
hagiografis uwyebiT, `arca proti,
arca sxvani mamasaxlisni Tvinier misisa brZanebisa araras iqmodes da iSviaTi dRe gardaxdis, romelsa aTi
anu TxuTmeti mamasaxlisi ara movida
maT winaSe; da kvalad zrunva didisa
lavrisa, saqme mZime da mravalferi,
mis zedve iyo, rameTu didsa aTanasis misda miendo sauravi da daxedva
da gangeba misi~. marTlac, aTonis
mTis Cvenamde moRweul dokumentebs
wm. eqvTime xels aTanase didis lavris ikonomosis tituliTac awers. am
monasterze igi sicocxlis bolomde
zrunavda.
wm. eqvTimes mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobidan gansakuTrebiT isicaa
xazgasasmeli, rom igi ara mxolod
berZnulidan qarTulad, aramed qarTulidan berZnul enazec Targmnida;
amis nimuSia hagiografiuli Txzuleba `sibrZne balahvarisa~, romelic man
qarTulidan berZnul enaze gadmoiRo, ris Semdegac laTinurad, xolo
mogvianebiT mraval evropul enazec
iTargmna. wm. eqvTimes damsaxurebis
aRiarebas adasturebs misi cxovrebis
aRmwereli ara mxolod vrceli berZnuli teqsti, aramed, svinaqsaruli
redaqciebi, sagaloblebi, romelTagan zogierTi bizantiur sadResaswaulo praqtikaSi Sevida, sxvadasxva
aRapi (## 13, 50, 71, 155.) da a.S.
wm. eqvTimes TanamoRvaweni iyvnen
Semdegi mamebi: ioane grZelis Ze, arseni ninowmideli episkoposi, oqropiri, Rirsi ioane xaxuleli, netari
beri grigoli, saba, axali abraham
stumarTmoyvare, zaqaria mirdatis
72
Ze, arseni, Teofane xucesi, miqaeli,
giorgi, ioane garerCeli, basili bagratis Ze da `sxvani mobaZavni maTni~.
wm. eqvTimes moRvaweobis gamo, daviT kurapalats aseTi sityva warmouTqvams; `madloba RmerTsa, romelman CvenTa amaTa JamTa axali oqropiri gamoaCina~. swored mefis davalebiT amravlebdnen kidec wm. eqvTimes
TargmanTa nusxebs.
wm. eqvTimes gadadgomis Semdeg
qarTvelTa samzrunvelos winamZRvari giorgi I (1019-1029 ww.) gaxda, romelmac Zveli wesebi Secvala, `berZenni friad rame Seiyuarna da ganamravlna da sruliad maTda mimarT
midrka~, amasTanave, Tanamemamuleni
Seaviwrova, `viTarca nasxurni raime
da undoni, ugulebels-yvna da Seamcirna; qarTvelebsac da TavisTavad
wm. eqvTimesac `uZnda saqme ese~, Tumca isic sainteresoa, rom giorgis bizantiis saimperatoro karis guliswyromac daumsaxurebia _ romanoz
III-is (1028-1034 ww.) dros mas `gandgomilebai da orgulebai~ daswames da
kunZul monovatze gadaasaxles (rogorc Cans, antisaxelmwifoebrivi saqmianobis gamo, sadac gardaicvala kidec), Tumca `wmida giorgi mTawmidelis cxovrebis~ avtori giorgi mcire
wm. eqvTimes momdevno winamZRvars
`giorgi didad~ da `maSeneblad~ moixseniebs; berZnuli wyaroebis mixedviTac, RvTismSoblis miZinebis mTavari taZari swored misi agebulia;
amas saydris warwerac adasturebs,
romelSic aRmSenebeli qarTveli monazoni giorgi ixsenieba.
1029 wels monastris berZnebma da
maT mxareze gadasul qarTvel monazonTa erTma nawilma saTaveSi Caiyenes qarTveli winamZRvari giorgi II
(1029-1035 ww.). berZnebisadmi mtrulad ganwyobilma qarTvelebma, romlebic SedarebiT mravalricxovanni
unda yofiliyvnen, mas `giorgi ukeTuri~ Searqves. ucnobia, rodis gadaayenes igi, Tumca, savaraudoa, rom
es 1035 wlis maxloblad unda momxdariyo. giorgi II-is winamZRvrobis
dros qarTvelma berebma sulier mamad beri grigol Savi (winamZRvrobda
1035-1041 wlebSi) miiCnies. grigolma
imperator mixeil IV paflagonielis
(1034-1041 ww.) daxmarebiT SeZlo Zaladobis SeCereba da iverielTa samzrunvelos CamorTmeuli mamulebi
daubruna (leondari, eriso, melinZiane da sxv.). am da sxva saqmeebSi mas
gverdiT beri arseni edga, romelmac
Secvala kidec igi. arsenis dros berZnebi mTeli monastris xelSi Cagdebas Seecadnen (1040 w.), rodesac mixeil IV TesalonikSi Cavida, magram
imperatorma `friadiTa gamoZiebiTa
ganbWo da eklesia da monasteri yovliTurT monagebiT da simdidriT~
qarTvelebs daumtkica.
momdevno winamZRvris, simeonis
(daaxl. 1041-1042 ww.) dros iqna moZiebuli sxvadasxva dokumenti _ swored maT safuZvelze Seiqmna aTonze
qarTvel-berZenTa
urTierTobebis
`mosaxseniebeli~; masSi monastris
qarTvelebisadmi kuTvnileba, lavris daarsebis istoria, wm. ioanes,
Tornikesa da wm. eqvTimes Rvawli iyo
xazgasmuli, agreTve, momdevno winamZRvrebis _ giorgis, grigolisa da
arsenis saqmianoba gaxldaT daxasiaTebuli da a. S.
simeonis Semdeg iRumeni stefanoz
xartulari gaxda (1042-1044ww.). swored mis dros Camovida Savi mTidan
wm. giorgi III aToneli da qarTvelTa
samzrunveloSi damkvidrda. aq ganagrZo man Tavisi mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweoba. 1042 wels igi dekanozi, xolo 1044-1056 wlebSi ukve qarTvelTa
monastris winamZRvari gaxda. wm. giorgis energiuli saqmianobis Sedegi
giorgi alibegaSvili
73
iverTa lavras udidesi saganZuri
da domenebi (mamulebi) Seswira `monazonma mariamma, kuropalat basilakis
asulma, kuropalat sumbaT bakurianis meuRlem~, kalim. es ukanaskneli
bulgareTis erTi didi regionis gamgeblis (kuropalatis), zemoxsenebuli sumbaT-saba bakurianis coli iyo
da qmris gardacvalebis Semdeg qarTvelTa monastrisTvis auracxeli
saunje gaiRo, rasac, Tornikes naboZvarTa Semdeg, yvelaze didi mniSvneloba hqonda lavris gasaZliereblad (sumbaTi da kali-mariami lavris
sulTa matianeSi, anu aRapTa wignSi
moixseniebian).
iverTa samzrunveloze wmida mefe
daviT aRmaSenebelmac didad iRvawa,
romelmac `lavrani da sakrebuloni
da monasterni ara TavisTa oden samefoTa, aramed saberZneTisnica, mTawmidisa da borRaleTisani... aRavsna
keTiliTa~.
1170 wels lavris iRumeni pavle
gaxda (1170-1183/84 ww.), romelmac
monasteri davalianebuli Caibara. is
konstantinopolSi Cavida, didi ZalisxmeviT SeZlo samzrunvelos xarkisgan gaTavisufleba da aTonze dabrunebulma mravalmxrivi aRmSeneblobiTi saqmianoba wamoiwyo: aago navmisadgomis kari, yovladwmidis eklesia,
aamaRla monastris zRudeni. kareasSi
aaSena senakebi da a.S. am periodSi uxvi Semowirulobebi gamoagzavnes wm.
Tamar mefem, abulasan da pavle quTaTelebma, anasuRlim, grigol da
ioane qobulisZeebma da sxv. mravali
safasiT ewvia aTons kaTolikosi nikoloz gulaberisZe, romelmac `eklesiai mTavarangelozTai aRaSena
yovliTurT~.
1184 wels winamZRvari pavle giorgi V-m Secvala, es ukanaskneli ki _
makarim (winamZRvrobda XII saukunis
miwuruls), Tumca monastris mom-
74
devno periodis istoria naklebadaa
cnobili. mxolod ramdenime uwyebis
gamoyofa SeiZleba: 1229 wels lavras
ewvia saba serbi da iveriis portaitis
RvTismSoblis xats eTayvana; 1259-Si
monastrebi, maT Soris, qarTvelTa
samzrunveloc jvarosnebma daarbies;
sabednierod, lavras bizantiis samefo kari daexmara _ imperatorma mixeil VIII paleologma (1261-1282 ww.)
gadasaxadebisagan gaaTavisufla da
daumtkica Zveli samflobeloebi (radolini, dovrenikia, eriso, melinZiane da sxv.).
XIII saukunis 80-ian wlebSi aToni
kidev araerTxel iavarqmnes laTinebma, romelTac berebs kaTolikobis miReba mosTxoves. uaris miRebis Semdeg
qarTveli monazvnebis nawili italiaSi waiyvanes, nawili ki zRvaSi daaxrCves. es Zaladoba mixeil VIII paleologisa da laTinadmbrZnobi patriarqis, ioane vekas dros moxda, Tumca
male andronike II-m (1282-1328 ww.),
taxtze asvlis Semdeg, iverTa lavras
sagangebo sigeliT (1283 w.) adrindeli uflebebi daudastura da Zveli
miwebi daumtkica; magram amiT problemebi mxolod droebiT mogvarda, radgan 1304 wels monasteri jer
Turqebma, 1306-Si katalonielebma,
xolo 1308 wels arabebma daarbies. am
ukanasknelebma mTavari RvTissaxlis
(KKyriakon) dangrevac ganizraxes, magram marmarilos svetebis daZvra da
gumbaTis Camoqceva ver SeZles (porfiri uspenski).
1310 wels sagangebo sigeliT qarTvelTa lavra sxvadasxva gadasaxadisgan gaTavisuflda da kidev erTxel daumtkicda miwebi (melinZiane,
eriso da sxv.).
1320-1324 wlebSi Turqma mekobreebma araerTxel daarbies aToni. 1345
wlidan wmida mTa garkveuli periodis manZilze serbTa mefe stefane
giorgi alibegaSvili
75
gagrZeleba ki 1592-1626 da 1659-1674
wlebisa sxva berZenma moRvaweebma aRnusxes. es teqsti XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi qarTulad iTargmna saTauriT _
`moTxroba umSvenieresi monastrisaTvis iverTasa, romlisa Tanamdeb
arian cnobad yovelni monazonni~.
momdevno xanaSi filoTeosis monasterze didad izrunes levan kaxTa
mefem (1520-1574 ww.) da misma Zem aleqsandrem (1527-1605 w.w). filoTeosis
ganaxlebuli taZris kedelze levanis
`xatia taniTa momaRlo, moxucebuli,
mwiTuri, cxvirkavi, TmiTa da wveriTa
spetaki, mosili gvirgviniTa da podiriTa; xolo aleqsandre mefe _ hasakiTa mcire, mSvenieri saxilavi, TmiTa moSavo, mosili igica gvirgviniTa~
(timoTe gabaSvili). ra Tqma unda, levani iverTa monastersac exmareboda.
XVI saukunis 40-50-iani wlebis Sesaxeb cnobebi araa Semonaxuli; Tumca, erT-erTi uwyebiT, 1562 wels basili quTaTels lavrisTvis glexebi
Seuwiravs. 1567 wels ki aTonis mTas
piligrimi filipe SaqaraSvili ewvia
da SeZlebisdagvarad daexmara iverTa samzrunvelos. mis CanawerebSi
Semdegi cnobaa daculi: palestinidan `mTasa aTonisasa mSvidobiT miviwie monastersa amas caTa mobaZavsa
qarTvelTasa; vixile eklesia sasoisa
Cvenisa portaitisa RvTismSoblisa
friad Zveli da moSlili, daqceuli,
cvarisa da wvimisa ara damWirveli.
asis drahkanis oqro mqonda, Sevexvewe mamasa da yovelTa ZmaTa, Tu: `aRmaSenebieT Tamazis sulisaTvis-meTqi.~
gacvales oqro da es yovlad wmidisa eklesia axlad aRvaSenebine da
tyviiTa gadavaburvine~.
XVI saukunidan aTonis mTiT gansakuTrebiT ruseTis saimperatoro kari da sasuliero wodeba dainteresdnen _ es ruseTis imperiis bizantiis
memkvidred warmodgenam ganapiroba.
76
1584-1586 wlebSi rusi mefeebi qarTvelTa lavras daexmarnen, Tumca mas
Semdeg, rac sulTanma selimma aTonis
yvela monasters mamulebi CamoarTva (1586 w.), bunebrivia, qarTvelebis
mdgomareobac didad gauaresda _ mas
umZimesi valebi daedo. mamebma `kliteni monastrisani~ zemoxsenebul
kaxTa mefe aleqsandres gamougzavnes
daxmarebis saTxovnelad; aleqsandrem
davalianebul samzrunvelos 12 000
oqro gadasca. ber-monazvnebma aRmosavleTsa Tu dasavleTSi Sekrebili
SemowirulobebiT lavra umZimesi valebisgan gaaTavisufles. monasters
daaxloebiT 1592-1610 wlebSi ungrovlaxeTis mTavari mixail II-c daexmara
_ misi saxsrebiT taZari saqarTvelodan miwveulma markoz mRvdelmonazonma moxata.
XVII saukunis sxvadasxva monacemiT, qarTvelTa samzrunveloSi aRdgeniT- aRmSeneblobiTi saqmianoba
grZeldeboda: aigo senakebi (1604 w.)
da `axali sasneuloi zemo navTsayudelsa saxlsa~ (1610 w.); Seiqmna `mxatvroba da wmidai trapezi, saaiazme
da karisabWe kamarebiT~ (1614 w.) da
wyalgayvaniloba, agreTve, `ori wyaroica gare~ (1617-1619 ww.); aSenda kamarebi sawnaxelebisTvis (1620 w.) da
`navTsayudelTa saxli godliTurT~
(1622 w.); aigo `qvemoT Zvelisa sasneuloisa saxlisa kamarebi~ (1670 w.), agreTve, kamarebi satrapezoSi (1672 w.);
moixata ori egvteri (1674 w.) da a. S.
marTalia, yvela es samuSao berZenTa
winamZRvrobisas (gabriel aTonelis,
parTenios xucesis, daniel goromelis, ieremia konstantinopolelisa
da sxvaTa) ganxorcielda, magram zogierTi maTgani qarTvelobasTan daaxloebuli piri iyo; mag., gabriel
aTonelis Sesaxeb erT-erT wyaroSi
SeniSnulia, rom is `movida iveriiT~.
(l. menabde).
giorgi alibegaSvili
77
Ta nakvalevzec miuTiTa.
1734-1736 wlebSi wmida mTaze domenti bagrationi imyofeboda _ man
gaicno qarTuli xelnawerebi, gadmoiRo ramdenime sagalobeli da saxareba Seswira lavras `saoxad sulisa da
gamoxsnisaTvis marTlmadidebelisa
qarTvelTa eklesiisa ucxoTa naTesavTa monebisagan~.
XVIII saukuneSi aTonze timoTe gabaSvilma samjer imogzaura_pirvelad
1755 wlis miwurulidan 1756 wlis maisamde, meore _ 1756-is ivlisidan Semodgomamde, mesamed ki 1758 wlis gazafxulze. t. gabaSvilma aTonis Sesaxeb sakmaod sruli cnobebi Tavis
TxzulebaSi `mimoslva~ gadmosca, aRwera aTanase didis lavra, vatopedi,
xilandari da a.S. Seexo qarTvelTa
nakvalevsac filoTeosis monasterSi
_ kaxTa mefeebis, levanisa da aleqsandres aRmSeneblobiT saqmianobasa
da mTavar taZarSi maT freskebs; karakalaSi qarTvel mefe _ didebulTa
mier aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis Catarebasa da, amis gamo, maTi mosaxsenieblis dawesebasa da a.S. t.gabaSvilma
araerT lavraSi moinaxula Tanamemamuleebi, magaliTad, `mRviZareTa dayudebulTa adgilSi, romelsa uwodian kafsokaliva~, naxa anTimos javaxi,
gerasime atoceli, gerasime fceli,
xristodulo saqareli, grigoli kaxi; dionises monasterSi Teodore,
`soflisagan usistyisa, yma saydrisa
samTavisisa~, gabriel RvankiTeli da
sxv.
iverTa lavraSi t.gabaSvilma Caiwera sxvadasxva gadmocema, agreTve,
qarTvelTa moRvaweobis damadasturebeli wyaroebi (giorgi winamZRvrisa, RvTismSoblis xatis), miuTiTa
freskebze (aSoTan muxran-batonis,
nikoloz kaTolikosis), aRnusxa qarTvel mefe-didebulTa Sewirulobani
(levan kaxTa mefisa, aSoTan muxranba-
78
tonisa, simon mefisa, mariam dedoflisa, baqar mefisa), gaicno `monazonni filosofosni: meleti, ioakim da
filoTeos~, daaTvaliera wignTsacavi da aRwera ramdenime xelnaweri. sayuradReboa, rom t. gabaSvilma
`mimoslva~ aTonze yofnisas dawera _
naSromi Teimuraz II-isa da erekle IIisTvis yofila gankuTvnili da masSi
lavris tuSiT Sesrulebuli ilustraciaa CarTuli; t. gabaSvilma qarTvelTa monastris mraval nagebobas
warwerebi gaukeTa, romlebSic miTiTebulia, vin ra aago.
XVIII saukunis 80-ian wlebSi aTonze imogzaura mweralma i. gedevaniSvilma _ man mravali saintereso cnoba
aRnusxa, maT Soris, miuTiTa, rom monasteri `SemozRudvilia didis galavaniTa, didad maRali, ara romelime
kibe ver Sehswudebis da cixe ese monastrisa ars zarbazanebwyobili~. im
dros iq 400 monazoni moweseobda.
XVIII saukuneSi qarTvelTa mxridan
lavrisadmi daxmarebam SesamCnevlad
iklo, Tumca ar Sewyvetila, kerZod,
Teimuraz II-m 1746 wels, solomon I-ma
1757-Si, erekle II-m 1769 da Semdeg
1791 wlebSi mniSvnelovani Semowirulobani gamoagzavnes.
ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobis Semdeg, rasac bagrationTa
samefo dinastiisa da qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba mohyva,
mdgomareoba kidev ufro damZimda
_ berZnebma qarTvelebi Seaviwroves
da sabolood gamodevnes. daxmareba
TiTqos ruseTis mxridan iyo mosalodneli _ monasteri istoriulad
qarTvelebs ekuTvnodaT da axla ki
ruseTs unda gadascemoda, radgan saqarTvelo ruseTis imperiis nawili
iyo, magram mZime politikurma viTarebam evropaSi, napoleonis ruseTSi
SeWram da a.S. problemis mogvareba
gadado. swored am periodSi Camovi-
giorgi alibegaSvili
79
guriisa.
rogorc ki benediqtem kalmasobis
_ SewirulobaTa Segrovebis ufleba
miiRo, maSinve Seudga saqmes, 35 aTas
maneTs mouyara Tavi da 12 qarTveli
monazvnis TanxlebiT 1868 wels aTons
miaSura. im dros aqa-iq darCenili
TiTo-orola qarTveli mowese samowyalod afarebda Tavs sxvadasxva berZnul Tu araberZnul samzrunvelos.
mama benediqtem qarTvelTa lavras
miaSura da miReba iTxova. berZnebma
jer mtkice uari uTxres, magram rodesac maTma iRumenma ilarionma 100
osmaluri lira miiRo, guli moulbaT da dasTanxmdnen, rom wm. ioane
RvTismetyvelis senaki gaeyidaT 3000
maneTad. am faqtTan dakavSirebiT gacemul omologonSi (1868 w.) aRniSnulia:
1. miuxedavad gayidvisa, rogorc
iberTa monastris sakuTrebis ganuyofeli nawili, wm. ioane RvTismetyvelis senaki lavris mflobelobaSi
rCeba;
2. sxva senakTa mosagreebis msgavsad, mama benediqtem da misma Tanamoweseebma monastris sasargeblod yovelwliurad gadasaxadi unda gaiRon;
3. isini bejiTad unda emsaxuron
lavras da iRvawon wynarad, mosagris
cxovrebis wesis Sesabamisad.
wm. ioane RvTismetyvelis senaki sruliad iavarqmnili iyo. aTonis
wes-gangebis Tanaxmad, mama benediqtem berZenTagan Tanxmoba miiRo da
qarTvelTa monastrisgan yvela saWiro samSeneblo masala iyida. berZnebma senakis agebis gegmac ganixiles da
daloces kidec. qarTvelebma mcire
senakis nacvlad 50 monazvnisaTvis
gankuTvnili nageboba aRmarTes, ramac berZnebi aRaSfoTa da masalebis
miwodeba Sewyvites. damxmared qarTvelebs wm. panteleimonis rusuli
monastris winamZRvari ieronime mo-
80
evlinaT, ramac berZnebi kidev ufro
gaaRiziana maT moSales senakisken
mimavali yvela gza, aSenebuli nagebobis gumbaTi Camoangries, ruseTidan Camotanili zari waiRes, Semdeg
ki wliurad 60 maneTi xarki daakisres
qarTvelebs. 1875 wels senakis mSenebloba mainc dasrulda, Tan mcire
samzrunvelos saxe miiRo da iberielTa axal monastrad iwoda (Neo-Iberike
Mone); konfliqti berZnebsa da qarTvelebs Soris kidev ufro mwvavdeboda. am dros axal samzrunveloSi
40-mde qarTveli monazoni mosagreobda.
zemoxsenebul dapirispirebas dawvrilebiT aRwers dekanozi petre
konWoSvili, romelic aq 1899 wlis
27 ivnisidan 17 ivlisamde imyofeboda
da berZenTagan sakuTar Tavze iwvnia
usamarTlo, mtruli da uxeSi damokidebuleba.
ramdenime wliT adre, 1882-Si, aTonze gerasime nadareiSvili yofila,
romelmac aq meore, 1887 wlis mogzaurobisas sxvadasxva piris freskaTa
qarTuli warwerebis _ `saqarTvelos
mefeni, aRmaSenebelni da ganmaaxlebelni iveriis monastrisa~ da `dedofali nestan-darejanis~ nacvlad
berZnuli naxa: `bizantieli mefeni,
aRmaSenebelni iveriis monastrisani~
da `irine dedofali~. g. nadareiSvili
aTonze sul 40-mde qarTvel moweses
Sexvedria. petre konWoSvilisTvis ki
mavan keTilganwyobil bers uTqvams,
iveriis monastris erT-erT sarTulSi uZvirfasesi ganZia Senaxulio:
gvirgvinebi da skiptrebi qarTvelTa
mefeebis, sami saxareba da am monastris amSeneblis, Tornike erisTavis
saWurveli _ xmali, Cafxuti, fari,
CaCqani da mSvildi, magram am ganZs
aravis qarTvelTagans ar aCvenebeno.
qarTvelebma daxmareba ruseTis
saelCos sTxoves, magram, sabolo-
giorgi alibegaSvili
mostSi~ 1911 wlis 11 ivniss n. durnovis statiis erTi amonaridis perifrazi mohyavs: qarTvelebsa da
berZnebs istoriuli megobroba akavSirebdaT. isini saerTo enas kargad
gamoZebnidnen da mesame piris saqmeSi
Careva, Tundac es mesame piri ruseTi
iyos, saWiro ar gaxldaT. es Careva
berZnebs arwmunebs, rom rusebs qarTvelebi ki ar ainteresebT, aramed
sakuTari miznisTvis ibrZviano.
marTlac, berZnebs hqondaT ufleba, ase efiqraT; gauqmebuli iyo qarTuli saxelmwifo, momspari gaxldaT
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia. saqarTvelo ruseTis imperiis nawili
iyo da, bunebrivia, roca rusebi saqarTvelos an qarTvelTa uflebebze
saubrobdnen, gulisxmobdnen ruseTs.
ase rom, qarTuli lavra Tavis odindel patrons ki ar unda dabruneboda, aramed rusebs. am ukanasknelTa es
swrafva, faqtobrivad, mTeli aTonis
xelSi Cagdebas isaxavda miznad. monastris qarTvelebisTvis dabruneba
ruseTs wmida mTaze kidev erT mtkice dasayrdens aZlevda. amas berZnebi kargad xedavdnen da yovelgvarad
ewinaaRmdegebodnen qarTvelebis saxiT rusebis aq gabatonebas. lavras
ki qarTvelebs aravin dauTmobda, ubralod, igi rusebiT aivseboda da garusdeboda iseve, rogorc sakuTriv
saqarTveloSi iyo garusebuli qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi.
XIX da XX saukuneebis miwurulsa
da dasawyisSi qarTvelTa samzrunvelos wveulma ucxoelma Tu qarTvelma mecnierebma s. lambrosim, a.
cagarelma, d. baqraZem, n. marma, a.
baqraZem, a. xaxanaSvilma, g. smirnakma, i. fanculaiam, mogvianebiT ki r.
bleikma (1931 w.) da e. sonderzma (
(1952-1953 ww.), mravali dabrkolebis
miuxedavad, SeZlebisdagvarad aRweres lavris siwmideebi, Senoba-nage-
81
bobebi da xelnawerebi; Tu ramdenad
mdidari iyo qarTvelTa monasteri
saeklesio saunjiT, amas mowmobs s.
lambrosis cnoba aq daculi Tundac
mxolod xelnawerebis Sesaxeb: aTonis
oc monasterSi 5766 xelnaweri inaxeboda, maTgan qarTvelTa lavraSi
_ 1386 (1880 wlis monacemiT). yovelive zemoTqmulis miuxedavad, qarTveli moweseebis mimarT pativiscema
im periodSic da axlac gansakuTrebulia. amas adasturebs ori Zveli
drois moRvawis, timoTe gabaSvilisa
da paxum jafariZis (SemdgomSi wilkneli episkoposi pavles) Canawerebi.
qarTvelTa lavraSi Casuli timoTe gabaSvilis gadmocemiT, rodesac
Tanmxleb pirebTan erTad is monasters miuaxlovda, monazvnebma `Seqnes reka zarTa da mogvegebnen skeofilaki (ganZis mcveli) Teoklite da
winamZRvari naTanaeli da umravlesni
Rirsni Zmani da mamani, vgoneb, samasni
oden, da mogvarTves mdinari da kverTxi; da SevediT eklesiad da Tayvanis
veciT jerisaebr. da ityoden `Segviwyalensa~ mefeTaTvis qarTvelTasa da
viamboreT urTierTas~. paxum jafariZe ki aTonis mTidan 1907 wels samSobloSi aseTi Sinaarsis werils agzavnis: `aqauri berebi angelozebriv
cxovrebas atareben; myudroeba, simdable, erTmaneTis uwyinaroba, bevri
laparaki akrZalulia, mxolod sulier saubrebs Camougdeben erTmaneTs.
qarTvelebs rusebi da berZnebi aTonis gvirgvins uwodeben~.
aqve moviyvanT Tanamedrove aTonel mamaTa mier gamoTqmul ramdenime
Sefasebas saqarTvelos didi sulieri moZRvris, kaTolikos-patriarqis,
ilia II-is Sesaxeb:
mama besarioni, zografis monastris yofili winamZRvari: `uwmindesma Cemze saocari STabeWdileba moaxdina, aTonze stumrobisas me igi ar
82
minaxavs, msmenoda, rom qarTvelebs
gansakuTrebuli patriarqi hyavT, magram nanaxma yovelgvar molodins gadaaWarba; es saocari sulierebis mqone
beria, swored iseTi, rogorebic Zvel
aTonze moRvaweobdnen; mis Sesaxeb bevri wavikiTxe wignSi, romelic sqemarqimandrit vitalis cxovrebaze mogviTxrobs... wavikiTxeT, agreTve, 2004
wlis saaRdgomo epistole da davinaxeT, rom es marTlac wminda adamiania;
aseT adamianebs pativi unda mivagoT
da Tayvani vceT, radgan maTze Zalian
bevria damokidebuli, isini gviCveneben swor marTlmadideblur gzas~.
mama kalinike, qarTvelTa monastris yofili winamZRvari, mRvdelmonazoni: `saqarTvelos eklesias gamorCeuli mwyemsmTavari hyavs da Tavmdabali da moRvawe mRvdelTmTavrebi. me
saqarTvelos patriarqi gavicani jer
kidev maSin, roca igi episkoposi iyo,
kunZul rodosze, marTlmadidebelTa sinodze. igi gamorCeulad Tavmdabali adamiania, WeSmariti qristianuli siyvaruliT aRsavse. mTeli guliT
uyvars Tavisi samwyso da ewireba mas~.
mama ambrosi, zografis monastris
winamZRvari: `vfiqrob, rom uwmindesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia II-is
saxiT yvela drois erT-erT udides
mamasTan gvaqvs saqme; es mxolod Cemi
azri ar gaxlavT; rodesac igi aTonis
mTaze CamobrZanda, TviT udidesi mamebic ki gaocebulni iyvnen misi sibrZniTa da sulierebiT. bednieria qveyana,
romelsac aseTi mwyemsmTavari hyavs. me
mjera, rom iveria gabrwyindeba~.
eseistika
o ugzar
{ azanaSvili
sofialogia derJavis samsaxurSi:
vladimir soloviovi
wignidan `rusofobia anu poeturi imperializmi
lomonosovidan evtuSenkomde~
83
eseistika
84
lad Tu vityviT (Tuki saerTod SesaZlebelia soloviovis naazrevis
gamartivebulad gadmocema), `sofia~
soloviovisaTvis es msoflio sulia, erTgvari mistikuri kosmiuri
arsebaa, romelic RmerTs miwier samyarosTan aerTianebs; amasTan, `sofia~ qaluria, maradiuli qalurobis
RmerTSi gacxadebaa da imavdroulad
samyaros Sesaxeb RvTis Canafiqria.
rogorc mkvlevrebi aRniSnaven, sofiis aseTi gageba iwvevs asociaciebs
neoplatonizmTan (gardamosvla idealuridan, RvTiuridan fenomenologiurisken, realurisken, sadac `Suamavlis~ rols swored maradiuli sofia = sibrZne asrulebs), goeTesTan
(maradiuli qaluroba), SelingTanac
(msoflio suli) da sxv.
es bundovani `arsi~ Tu `kosmiuri
xati~ soloviovs mistikur gamocxadebad moevlina, rac man kidec asaxa mokle poemaSi `sami paemani~ (
) da Cemi mxriT davZen, rom
misi arc martivad da arc rTulad
gadmocema did naTels ar hfens mas.
amasTan kavSirSi, albaT, niSandoblivia is faqtic, rom v. solovioviTa da
misi `sofiiT~ qarTvel mweralTa Soris upirvelesad miTologizebisadmi
sxvebze metad `midrekili~ grigol
robaqiZe dainteresda1. aqve, albaT,
isic unda aRiniSnos, rom soloviovis
epistemologiisa da metafizikis Sesaxeb pirveli disertacia 1909 wels
germanul enaze hales universitetSi gamoCenilma qarTvelma mecnierma, SemdgomSi qarTuli fsiqologiis
skolis damaarsebelma dimitri uznaZem daicva; amasTan, uznaZe bevr sasafuZvlo sakiTxSi (magaliTad, `omis
filosofiaSi~ da sxv.) ar eTanxmeboda soloviovs.
soloviovis `sofiis~, albaT, yvelaze `saintereso~, marTlacda originalur, analizs miakvlevT Tanamedrove rusi filosofosis da sociologis, imavdroulad, pirwavardnili derJavnikis, neoimperialistis _
saerTaSoriso evraziuli moZraobis
lideris _ CvenTvis kargad cnobili
aleqsandr duginis ( ,
daib. 1962) wignis _ `martin haidegeri:
rusuli filosofiis SesaZlebloba~
( :
) me-14 TavSi. dugini aq ambobs, rom rusi religiuri filosofosebisa da rusi poetebis solovioviseuli `sofia~ sul sxva, rusuli
1.
v. soloviovis `sofialogia~, romelic safuZvlad daedo rusul religiur simbolizms (e. w. Teoriul simbolizms), garda gr. robaqiZisa, mkafiod airekleba
vasil barnovis SemoqmedebaSi. es sakiTxi dainteresebulma mkiTxvelma, SeiZleba,
ixilos wignSi: a. gomarTeli, qarTuli simbolisturi proza, 1977. _ red.
nugzar zazanaSvili
85
cdilobs Searyios is. magram es moiazreba, rogorc wesrigis mimarT garedan momdinare... asea dasavleTSi.
xolo ruseTSi TviT wesrigia SemaSfoTebeli (). qaosi mis gareT ki
ar aris, aramed masSia, rogorc misi yvelaze `saidumlo nakvTi~. TviT
wesrigi dafaruli qaosia; goniereba
_ SeSlilobis kerZo SemTxvevaa; Cveni
damabrmavebeli Suqi _ sibnelea.~ da
bolo citata duginidan: `qaosisa da
misi muSaobis sazrisi CvenTvis gaugebaria, igi Cvens gamWolad moqmedebs da
igi TviTonaa is instancia, romelsac
miebara gageba. Cven verasodes SevxvdebiT qaoss pirispir, radgan is arasodesaa mxolod erT mxares. mas aqvs saxe _
es Cveni, rusuli saxea, magram sarkeSi
is ar irekleba. es Cveni sulis saxea. es
aris sofiis saxe~. (aq xazgasma Cvenia
_ n. z.).
mapatios mkiTxvelma aseTi vrceli citirebisTvis, magram vfiqrob,
es saWiro iyo tiutCevis metamiTisa (`ciskari 1852~, 2015, #3) da misi
ganStoebis soloviovis sofialogiis
dRevandeli `qmediTi Zalis~ warmosaCenad.
da es sruliadac ar aris saxumaro
ram _ aseT `mistikur Sexedulebebze~ Zevs dRevandeli ruseTis evraziulobis bneliT moculi, agresiuli,
neoimperialisturi ideologia, romelic `samecniero enaze~ pirvelad
gasuli saukunis 20-ian wlebSi `Camoayalibes~ rusma emigrantma moazrovneebma, upirvelesad ki lingvistma da
filosofosma, aseve pirwavardnilma
imperialistma, nikolai trubeckoim
(mis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT _ eqskursi).
eseistika
86
Svilma, rusma emigrantma, lingvistma da filosofosma nikolai trubeckoim1 ( , 1890-1938)
da zogierTma sxva rusma emigrantma
moazrovnem. n. trubeckoi miiCnevda,
rom ruseTi kievis ruseTis memkvidre ki ar aris, aramed _ monRolTa monarqiis da amis aRiarebis Semdgom n.
trubeckoic, arsebiTad, miTisqmniT
dakavda, kerZod imis Sesaxeb, rom
rusebs da momTabareebs erTmaneTTan akavSirebs gansakuTrebuli Tandayolili ganwyobileba Tu `yofiTi
aRmsarebloba~, romelic dafuZnebulia piradi erTgulebis, gmirobis,
sasuliero ierarqiis da samyaros
umaRlesi sawyisis ideebze da es faseulobebi SeuTavsebelia evropul
merkantilizmsa da meSCanobasTan. igi
sruliad uaryofiTad afasebda petre I-is da ekaterine II-is reformebs
da miiCnevda, rom maT ganviTarebis
swori, bunebrivi gzidan gadaiyvanes
ruseTi snobur, ucxo da araproduqtiul evropul gzaze. trubeckois
azriT, evraziuloba swored medasavleTeobis ganaxlebuli antiTezaa.
sabWoeTis mimarT mas orWofuli damokidebuleba hqonda: erTi mxriv, is
pozitiurad afasebda imas, rom sabWoTa ruseTi (= bolSevikuri imperia
_ n. z.), aziuri xalxebis monawileobiT, faqtobrivad, upirispirdeboda
evropas, anu evraziulobis proeqtis konteqstSi moqmedebda; Tumca,
meore mxriv, is mkacrad akritikebda bolSevikebs internacionalizmis
xisti ideologiis gamo.
nikolai trubeckois, albaT, yvelaze cnobili wignia `Cingiz yaenis
memkvidreoba~ (` ~),
sadac, sxva neoimperialistur opusebTan erTad Setanilia 1925 wels
Seqmnili opusi `kavkasiis xalxebis
Sesaxeb~ ( )2, sadac
1.
nugzar zazanaSvili
davubrundeT soloviovs. ragvaradac ginda gaviazroT misi `yovliserToba~ da `sofia~, uTuoa, rom
soloviovis mistikuri naazrevic
`myarad idga~2derJavnikul-imperialistur safuZvelze, Tumca, obieqturoba moiTxovs, isic vTqvaT, rom
misi derJavnikoba agresiul SovinizmSi arasodes gadazrdila (amis magaliTad antisemitur imperiaSi rusi
ebraelobis mimarT misi loialuri,
metic, mfarveluri damokidebulebis
aRniSnvac ikmarebda); esec saTqmelia:
soloviovi uTuod progresulad azrovnebda, rodesac akritikebda slavianofilur-nacionalistur Sexedulebebs da ruseTs dasavluri, saerTo qristianuli kulturis organul
nawilad moiazrebda:
87
, !
;
:
?
o, ruseTo! maRali ganWvretisas
Sen amayi azriT xar Sepyrobili;
maS, rogori aRmosavleTi ginda,
iyo:
qserqses Tu qristes aRmosavleTi?
am TvlasazrisiT, soloviovi `medasavleTe~ iyo da `medasavleTobas~
ase gansazRvravda: `es aris Cveni sazogadoebrivi azrisa da literaturis mimarTuleba, romelic aRiarebs
sulier solidarobas ruseTsa da dasavleT evropas Soris; isini ganuyofeli nawilebia erTi kulturul-istoriuli mTlianobisa; mTlianobisa,
ramac, amasTanave, mTeli kacobrioba
SeiZleba, moicvas. ...rwmenisa da gonebis, avtoritetisa da Tavisuflebis damokidebuleba, religiisa da
filosofiis urTierTkavSiri da orive maTganis kavSiri pozitiur mecnierebasTan, piradi da krebsiTi sawyisebis sazRvrebi; aseve, gansxvavebuli
krebsiTi erTianobebis urTierTdamokidebuleba, xalxis mimarTeba kacobriobasTan, eklesiisa _ saxelmwifosTan, saxelmwifosi _ ekonomikur
sazogadoebasTan. yvela es da sxva
msgavsi sakiTxi erTnairad mniSvnelovania rogorc dasavleTis, aseve aRmosavleTisTvis~.
magram mainc... am citataSic ki moiZebneba `imperialisturi aluzia~
(iq, sadac soloviovi, TiTqos gakvriT, exeba sakacobrio konteqsts).
ai, misi cnobili naSromis `ruseTi da
msoflio eklesia~ erTi mokle nawyveti: `aRmosavleTis eklesiis sxeuli
erTiani ar aris. im erebs Soris, romlebic masSi Sedian, orma umTavresma
misca am eklesias saxeli, romelsac
oficialurad berZnul-rusuli eklesia ewodeba~.
eseistika
88
me ar davkargav dros imis saZieblad, Tu rodis, ra periodSi erqva
aseTi saxeli aRmosavlur qristianobas oficialurad (da erqva Tu ara
saerTod; gamoricxuli araferia _
konstantinopolis sapatriarqo drodadro ruseTis carebis xazinidan
mniSvnelovan finansur daxmarebas
iRebda); am SemTxvevaSi sxvas gavusvam xazs: am ori winadadebidanac Cans,
rom ruseTis `uzenaes misiaSi~ arc
vladimir soloviovs epareboda eWvi.
ai, kidev ras wers is werilSi _
`xalxisadmi siyvaruli da rusuli
xalxuri ideali~ (
. .. ): `Cveulebriv, rodesac xalxs unda Tavisi eri Seaqos,
TviT am SeqebaSi gamoxatavs erovnul
ideals _ mas, rac misTvis saukeTesoa,
yvelaze metad sasurvelia. ase, magaliTad: frangi mSvenier safrangeTsa
da frangul didebaze saubrobs (la
belle France, la gloire du nom franais); ingliseli siyvaruliT ambobs: `Zveli
inglisi~; germaneli Tavis erovnul
ideals eTikur donemde amaRlebs
da siamayiT ambobs: `die deutsche Treue~
(germanuli erTguleba). ras ambobs
aseT SemTxvevaSi rusi xalxi, riT
aqebs ruseTs?.. is laparakobs mxolod `wmida ruseTze~... ai, ideali:
arc liberaluri, arc politikuri,
arc esTetikuri, aramed zneobriv-religiuri.~
soloviovma rusuli poeturi miTologia kidev erTi `cnebiT~ gaamdidra. wavikiTxoT misi cnobili leqsi `panmonRolizmi~ (es `istoriosofiuri sityva~ Tu termini soloviovis gamogonilia _ aziis warmosaxviTi
urdosa, Tu, zogadad, _ araqristianuli samyarodan, momdinare gamanadgurebeli hipoTetur-abstraqtuli
safrTxis aRsaniSnad):
! ,
,
.
(...)
,
:
- , - .
!
.
.
.
,
, ,
,
.
! :
,
.
panmonRolizmi? Tumca es sityva
sazarelia, / magram is Cems smenas elamuneba, / is TiTqos savsea diadi bedisweris / RvTiuri momaswavebliT. //
dacemuli bizantiis magaliTze / Cven
swavla ar gvinda, / da ruseTis mopirfereni sul erTs imeoreben: / `Sen~ xar
mesame romi, Sen xar mesame romi. // egre
iyos! RvTis risxvis iaraRis / maragi
jer ar amowurula. / amzadebs axal
Tavdasxmebs / gaRviZebul tomTa futkris nayari. // malais wylebidan altaimde / beladebma aRmosavleTis kunZulebidan / TavCaqindruli CineTis kedlebTan / Tavi mouyares Tavis uamrav
polks. // kaliasaviT uTvalavni / da
gaumaZRarni kaliasaviT, / araqauri (=
eSmakeuli _ n. z.) Zalis mfarvelobiT
nugzar zazanaSvili
89
evropas!..
aq erTs davamateb: rogorc tiutCevisadmi miZRvnil monakveTSi ukve
aRvniSneT, tiutCeviT upirobo aRtaceba erTgvari lakmusis qaRaldiviTaa, romelic utyuarad amJRavnebs
ama Tu im pirovnebis azrovnebis `imperialisturobis xarisxs~. tiutCevi
rusi simbolistebis kerpi iyo. soloviovi werilSi `f.i. tiutCevis poezia~ ( .. ) varSavis
aRebisadmi miZRvnili tiutCevis leqsiTac ki aRtacebulia, TumcaRa, imavdroulad, Tavisi komentarebiT mis
erTgvar `Serbilebas~ cdilobs; ai,
ras wers is: `tiutCevis ruseTisadmi
rwmena uSualo, organul grZnobaze
ar iyo dafuZnebuli, aramed es iyo
Segnebulad gamomuSavebuli mrwamsi.
am rwmenis pirveli, ...maRalpoeturi
gamosaxuleba man jer kidev axalgazrdobaSi mogvca SesaniSnav leqsSi
`varSavis aRebis gamo~. moZme xalxTan brZolaSi ruseTi mxecuri instinqtebiT ki ar xelmZRvanelobda,
aramed mxolod aucileblobiT, raTa
` ~ [`derJavis
mTlianobis uzrunvelsayofad~] (...)
rwmena imisa, rom ruseTs maRali
daniSnuleba gaaCnia, Tavad poetsac
nacionaluri metoqeobiTa da gamarjvebis uxeSi zar-zeimiT gamowveul
wvrilman da borot grZnobebze maRla ayenebs, _ ganagrZobs soloviovi.
bolo striqonebSi poloneTisadmi
mimarTva patrioti mgosnebisaTvis
uCveulo humanurobiT sunTqavs:
, ,
,
, ,
.
:
,
.~
eseistika
90
Sen ki, Zmuri isriT gangmirulo, /
asrulebdi ra bedisweris ganaCens, /
Sen daeci, arwivi imave Temisa, / gansawmendel koconze. / daujere rusi
xalxis sityvas: / Cven wmidad SevinaxavT Sens ferfls / da Cveni saerTo
Tavisufleba / feniqsiviT aRdgeba
masSi.
am pasaJis Sefaseba mkiTxvelisaTvis mimindvia. me ki am monakveTs ase
davasrulebdi: vladimir soloviovis
mistikurad garTulebuli Tu gabundovanebuli ideebi, aseve, misi `medasavleTeoba~ mainc mTlianad Tavsdeba tiutCevis metamiTis CarCoSi, rasac adasturebs kidev erTi cnobili
rusi religiuri filosofosi nikolai berdiaevi ( , 1874-
`ciskari~ bavSvebs
b za
c aslaniZe
oqros Tevzi
wyaros wyalSi eZebda
mzis sxivebis liclics.
amitomac gamxdara
oqrosferi isic.
CqeralSi rom elvarebs,
oqros aTinaTia.
dasrialebs wyaroSi
oqros Tevzi pawia.
iremi
albaT, adre miatova dedam
da mzeraSi Caebuda sevda...
wyarosaken gzas bilikiT ignebs,
saocari Tvalebi aqvT irmebs.
91
`ciskari~ bavSvebs
92
ra keTili xaro
giorgoba
arasodes minaxavs
saocreba msgavsi:
qarma oqros foTlebTan
dRes icekva valsi.
farfat-farfat Sefrinda
fuRuroSi erTi.
gaixara ciyvunam _
qars madlobas vetyvi!
giorgoba _ madliani _
gana ise wava,
fexqveS ar gagvifinos
marjani da qarva!
saCuqrisTvis madloba,
Semodgomis qaro.
Tumc aSars geZaxian,
ra keTili xaro!
saxaliso notebi
do _ yvavilebs umReris,
re _ gacivda wuxelis,
mi _ siCumes ver itans,
fa _ aJRerebs fleitas.
Tagunias saxli
rac Tagunas gadaxda,
ambavia Zveli:
saxlis asaSeneblad
moipara yveli.
gamoxra da oTaxSi
skami dadga loris.
Txilisagan naTura
Camokida ori.
mere tkbilad miirTva
yvelica da loric
da is Txilis naTurac
miayola ori.
ase SemoeWama
Tagunias saxli.
imis mere aSeneba
arc ucdia axlis.
pianisti
sakoncerto darbazs avsebs
saocari bgerebi.
pianistze dedam miTxra,
aqvso oqros xelebi.
roca xelebs davakvirdi,
oqro arc minaxia.
ufrosebs ki ras gaugeb _
ucnauri xalxia.
aza baslaniZe
93
daaviwyda, etyoba
ar giSvebdi bacacas,
Cagiraze karebi.
imis merec bostanSi
ratom daiarebi?
gaifiqra yurcqvitam:
dagviberda papilo.
daaviwyda, etyoba,
rom daTesa stafilo.
`ciskari~ bavSvebs
94
fuRuro
mindorSia fara
`ciskari~ bavSvebs
w asil
h uleuri
sofeli, romelsac qalaqoba undoda
ciklidan soflisa da qalaqis zRaprebi
sofeli patara sulac ar iyo. soflis kvalobaze didic ki eTqmoda. ori
wisqvili idga, orive erT mdinareze _
erTi soflis TavSi, meore _ boloSi;
sami naxiri dadioda; soflis TavSi,
ai, swored wisqvilTan axlos, rkinigzis baqanic ki iyo, romelsac dReSi
orjer _ diliT da saRamos kiviliT
miuaxlovdeboda xolme matarebeli.
diliT _ didi qalaqidan momavali,
saRamos _ did qalaqSi mimavali.
sofels uTenia asobiT mamlis yivili aRviZebda. es mamlebi yvela
ojaxis saqaTmeSi TiTo mainc iyo.
daiwyebdnen jer aRmosavleTis mxares mcxovrebi mamlebi, ahyvebodnen
samxreTiT mobinadre mamlebi, mere
ki CrdiloeTis da dasavleTis mamlebic SeuerTdebodnen da maT ZaxilSi
mzes, Zalianac rom sdomoda, raRa
daaZinebda? SeiSmuSneboda, gaaxelda
Tvals da _ hoo, movdivar, movdivaro, _ erTs ki CaibuzRunebda da TmagaSlili amogordeboda xolme caze.
am dros yoCaRi da gamrje soflelebi ukve mindorSi iyvnen da an xnavdnen, an Tesavdnen, an mosavals iRebdnen _ gaaCnia, weliwadis ra dro iyo.
mxolod zamTris dReebi Tendeboda
gvian-gvian, Secivnul caze mzesac
95
`ciskari~ bavSvebs
96
daiwyebda qaqans da qoTqoTs, baqanzec ar Cumdeboda da vidre sofels
ar gascdeboda, uamrav Wors Tu Tavisi TvaliT nanaxs uyveboda. Worebs
mgzavrebisgan ismenda da arc kiTxulobda, marTali iyo Tu tyuili; Tavad rac enaxa, imas xom wyali ar gauvidoda.
swored matareblisgan icoda sofelma, rom qalaqSi didi, Zalian didi saxlebi idga; qalaqSi didi, bevrad ufro didi mdinare miedineboda,
vidre sofelSi. am mdinareze ki ufro
meti, ufro didi da ufro lamazi xidi iyo; qalaqSi bevri adamiani cxovrobda, romlebic sulac ar dadiodnen mindorSi samuSaod; qalaqSi bevri gasarTobi iyo da gansakuTrebiT
saRamoobiT uamrav adgilas gaismoda
simReris da cekvis xmebi; qalaqSi bevri sxvadasxva Senoba idga _ soflis
ori wisqviliviT ki ar iyo, uamravi
qarxana gugunebda, uamravi sxvadasxva nagebobiT iwonebda Tavs; qalaqSi
farTo da moasfaltebuli gzebi iyo,
sadac uamravi manqana daqroda, sofels ki ar hgavda, erTi mTavari gza
rom Zlivs moeasfaltebinaT da iqac
TiTo-orola manqana Tu gaivlida,
danarCen mtvrian Tu talaxian gzebze ki traqtorebi da velosipedebi
dadiodnen... erTi sityviT, sofels
aRar moswonda sakuTari Tavi da undoda, qalaqiviT didi da lamazi yofiliyo _ qalaqoba undoda.
erT dResac, rodesac matarebeli
sofels, Cveulebisamebr, ZaxiliT da
CuqCuqiT miuaxlovda, sofelma Tavisi survili gaando _ qalaqoba mindao.
matarebelma gaocebisagan ise daiqSina, sul RrublebiviT gauSva boli da
baqanTan arc iyo miaxloebuli, rom
mZlavrad daamuxruWa.
_ rad ginda qalaqoba?
_ rogor Tu rad? Tavad ar miambob
xolme, ra kargia qalaqSi? ramdeni
vasil guleuri
97
xania, mis adgilas mozrdili vagzali
aeSenebinaT), sofeli, ufro sworad,
qalaqi, romelic adre sofeli iyo,
gamoelaparaka:
_ ramdeni xania, aqeT aRar yofilxar. ratom ar Candi?
_ me sxva soflebisken gamgzavnes.
Sen axla ukve qalaqi xar da aqeT axali matareblebi gamouSves. dRes, ubralod, erTi matarebeli avad gaxda
da vidre moarCenen, me gamomiSves.
rogor xar, mogwons qalaqoba?
sofeli, romelic axla qalaqi iyo,
gaCumda.
_ ras gaCumebulxar? xom gindoda
qalaqobanas TamaSi? axla ki TamaSi
aRar dagWirdeba, radgan isedac qalaqi xar, _ gauRima matarebelma.
_ ho, magram... mgoni, soflad yofna jobda, _ Cumad Caibutbuta qalaqma, romelic adre sofeli iyo.
_ sadac ara varT, iq kargi gvgonia... da ar vufrTxildebiT imas, rac
gvaqvs _ sevdianad gaiRima matarebelma da daiZra. _ magram mainc erT
adgilze dgomas win siaruli da siaxleebi jobs. ar moiwyino, dro gava da
Sen ukve didi qalaqi gaxdebi, _ mxirulad daikivla da siCqares moumata.
_ aba, momaval Sexvedramde!
qalaqma, romelic erT dros sofeli iyo, sevdianad gaayola Tvali
mimaval matarebels, ixtibari ar gaitexa da Cumad gaimeora _ erT adgilze dgomas win siaruli da siaxleebi
jobs. me didi qalaqi unda gavxde!
vasil guleuri
98
SeCerda da daukivla
_ aba, aba, ra xdeba?
tura me var, turagenti
mela rogor gaxdeba?
Cems saqmeSi nu eCrebi,
TaTi yvelgan nu gidevs!
turam unda mouaros
varikela turistebs!
iubilari
xan kvici var, mivqrivar
caze fafaraSlili,
mTis wvers gadavevlebi,
araferi maSinebs.
xan burTiviT mrgvali var,
xan afra var gaSlili.
qari rom damiberavs,
gavqroldebi maSinve.
jer TamaSi macaleT,
jer macaleT garToba...
gavizrdebi didi da
wvimad mere wamoval.
turagenti
saagento gaxsna melam
_ turizms unda mivxedo!
varikebma uRran tyisken
iqneb, gamoixedon!
saqaTmidan gamovidnen,
moiaron qveyana.
iqneb, zogi uRran tyeSi
bedsac gadaeyaros.
me ra? gana Cemze vfiqrob _
mela magis kacia?
minda, tyesac gavuwio
popularizacia!
turistebi gvewvevian,
turagenti viqnebi...
am dros turam gaigona
xmamaRali fiqrebi,
`ciskari~ bavSvebs
99
wvima
Zilispiruli
Zilispiruls umReris
deda Tagvi wruwunebs.
ufrosebi Tvlemen da
nabolara wuwunebs:
_ me ar minda simRera,
momiyeviT zRapari!..
Tan mamiko Tagvisken
Cumad Tvalebs aparebs.
100
`ciskari~ bavSvebs
h aga
o axucriSvili
patara zebra
zRapari
Sobis Rame axlovdeboda. cac uCveulod TeTri iyo da Tovas apirebda.
ratomRac dRis ganmavlobaSi Zalian
daviRale, Tumca didi araferi saqme gamikeTebia. papaCemis danatovar
taxtze wamovweqi da tkbilad CameZina. ise, rogorc bavSvobisas. papas
feradi fanqrebiT daxatuli zebra
mesizmra. ucnauri, sxvanairi, patara
zebra.
_ ei, gamarjoba, _ miesalma patara
zebra wiTelgula Cits, romelic xis
totze ijda da mxiarulad ustvenda.
_ rogor xar... gilocav, _ uecrad
Sewyvita stvena.
_ ras milocav?
_ damdeg Sobas, ra Tqma unda, _ gaikvirva Citma.
_ eeh, aRar maxsovda, rom Soba modis.
_ ratom? iseTi ra dagemarTa? _
Sewuxda Citi.
_ aba, rogor? aRmovaCine, rom yvela zebra TeTria Savi zolebiT.
_ mere?
_ ra mere... me ki Savi var da TeTri
zolebi maqvs.
Citma zebra yuradRebiT aaTvalCaaTvaliera.
_ ui, marTla, _ Tqva gakvirvebulma, _ magram, ratom Relav, iseTi ra
aris...
_ SenTvis advilia, _ iwyina zebram.
_ ra gwyins, iseTi ra giTxari? xo
ici, rom yvelas mainc... yvelas Zalian
gviyvarxar.
gaga naxucriSvili
101
_ ratom?
_ ar gaxsovs? mxiarulma Citma saSobao sakenki dakarga, Sen ki namcxvari aCuqe.
_ if, ra gemrieli iyo. _ nerwyvi
moadga patara zebras.
_ filosofosi daTvic Soba Rames
ver iRviZebda da Sen gaaRviZe.
_ ho, gauxarda da imdeni Tafli
maWama... rogor ar maxsovda, _ daimorcxva patara zebram, sircxvilisagan ise gawiTlda, rom zolebic aRar
uCanda.
_ Tqven ra sikeTe gagikeTeT?
_ me ar mWirdeba Seni sikeTe...
aucilebeli ar aris, vinmem sikeTe gagikeTos, rom giyvardes. xom xedav, aravis velaparakebodi da xma marto Sen
gageci, radgan yvelaze keTili xar.
_ marTla? yvelaze keTili? _ daibna patara zebra.
_ ho, Svilo. nuraferze dardob.
aixede maRla, rogori TeTri, naTeli
caa. male Soba gvestumreba da Tovlic wamova, sxvanairad TeTri Tovli.
_ ei, marTla ra kargia rom sxvanairi var... _ gaixara patara zebram.
am dros gameRviZa. momeCvena, rom
aseT bedniers arasodes gamRviZebia.
TiTqos ufali mestumra sizmrad; am
sxvanairi keTili zebris saxiT. fanjaraSi gavixede _ ukve Tendeboda.
gareT sxvanairi siTeTriT Tovda.
`ciskari~ bavSvebs
102
TeTri martorqa
_ ici, papa, rogori cudi sizmari
vnaxe.
_ ra dagesizmra _ devi?
_ ara.
_ gveleSapi?
_ ara, aba, Tu gamoicnob?!
_ ooo, ueWvelad gudian kacs naxavdi.
_ ver gamoicani.
_ aba?
_ martorqa.
_ mere ra moxda?!
_ rogor ra moxda?! va, Zalian boroti martorqa iyo.
_ cxovelebi sulac ar arian borotebi.
_ es ro Zalian boroti iyo.
_ ooo, mainc rogori?!
_ rogori da Savi.
_ mere, mere?!.
_ Tanac erTi rqa hqonda.
_ martorqaa da ramdeni eqneboda.
_ vaa, erTi, magram Zalian didi, saSiSi da wvetiani. Zroxas ori aqvs da
sul ar meSinia.
_ mere erTi rqis SegeSinda?!
_ marto rqis ara, im rqiT momdevda da Tan ferebs icvlida.
_ ooo, ra feris rqa hqonda?!
_ vaa, rqa ki ara, ferebs marto
TviTon icvlida.
_ aba, Savi iyoo...
_ Tavidan Savi iyo, mere gayavisfrda, mere sisxliviT gawiTlda da
isev gaSavda. Tanac, rogorc ki isev
Savi gaxda... ukve meweoda.
_ mere, mere?!
_ uh, kidev kargi, gameRviZa.
_ ooo, _ papas gulianad gaecina.
modi, keTili martorqa unda dagixato, TeTri martorqa.
gaga naxucriSvili
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
galiidan ro melaparakebi?!
aq SenTan Sesaxvedrad movedi.
va, galiaSi ratom?!
ooo, vicodi, giyvars zooparki.
va, saidan ici?! Zalian miyvars.
SegiZlia, kari gamiRo?!
moica, moica...
Tendeboda, mze nela, zanti simsubuqiT amodioda. Cvenc arsad vCqarobdiT da gariJraJis sxivebisken
mivseirnobdiT.
albaT, ukve iRviZebdnen cxovelebic da adamianebic...
_ da sxva cxovelebi?!
_ romeli cxovelebi?!
_ va, zooparkSi rom davtoveT.
_ ooo, _ gaicina TeTrma martorqam.
_ netav, isinic wamogveyvana?!
_ mere, zooparkSi siaruli aRar
ginda?!
_ rogor ar minda?!
_ siarulic ginda da wamoyvanac?!
103
_ vaa, ratom, ra uWirs?!
_ rom ar laparakoben?!
_ vaswavli.
_ ooo, kargia. iqneb, gaTeTrebac
SegiZlia.
_ ise ver wamovlen?
_ ooo, ise vera.
_ papas rom vTxovo?!
_ ra unda sTxovo?! _ mkiTxa TeTrma martorqam.
_ ra da, SensaviT, yvela zooparkis
cxoveli TeTrad damixatos.
_ maSin SeiZleba.
_ zooparkSi vinRa darCeba?!
_ aba, gamoicani?!
_ TeTri daTvi?!
_ eg xo isedac TeTria.
_ va, hoda, papa rogorRa gaaTeTrebs?!
_ gaaTeTrebs, gaaTeTrebs, ufro
TeTrs daxatavs.
_ da yvelas wamoviyvanT?!
_ aucileblad, keTilo biWuna.
dro mova da yvelas.
104
cenzura da literatura
b ndro
c uaCiZe
cnobili akrZaluli wignebi
namdvili Rirebulebis mqone mxatvrul nawarmoebs yovelTvis ukiduresad Tavisufali azrovneba warmoSobs. es Tavisufleba metwilad ver
Tavsdeba xolme saxelmwifoebriv
CarCoebSi. ase iyo odiTgan da asea
dResac. amitomac arsebobda da arsebobs cenzura. Tuki literaturis
istorias cenzuruli SezRudvebis
kuTxiT gadavavlebT Tvals, saintereso suraTi gadagveSleba.
iohan volfgang fon goeTes epistolaruli romani axalgazrda verteris vnebani arnaxulad popularuli gaxda. ocdaxuTi wlis avtorma saxeli moixveWa, nawarmoebi ki XVIII saukunis mTavar literaturul sensaciad iqca. am romanma mTeli evropis
axalgazrdoba SeZra da aaforiaqa.
verterisa da lotes urTierToba
goeTes biografiul faqtebs ukavSirdeba. Tomas mans ekuTvnis romani
lote vaimarSi, sadac didi germaneli mwerlis biografia mxatvrulad
gaSlili da ganzogadebulia. aq aris
moyvanili goeTes cxovrebis is monakveTic, romelic lotes eZRvneba.
Tomas mani wers: verterSi aRibeWda
goeTes didi niWiereba, am wignis ukiduresma emociurma mgrZnobelobam
andro buaCiZe
105
bas. Juliens ganaRdebuli aqvs titulic, qonebac da Semosavalic. magram
swored am dros markizi iRebs qalbaton de renalis mamxilebel werils,
sadac Julienis istoriaa moTxrobili. markizi wyvets qorwinebas. SurisZiebis JiniT Sepyrobili Julieni
eklesiaSi sasikvdilod imetebs qalbaton de renals _ esvris mas.
Juliens umkacresi ganaCeni gamoutanes da mas giliotinaze sikvdili lodeba. simarTle rom vTqvaT,
_ fiqrobs Julieni _ qristianuli
RmerTi damTrgunvelia, me Tu imqveynad Sevxvdebi mas, is me damTrgunavs,
gamanadgurebs.
stendals uTqvams, Cemi mkiTxvelebis ricxvi mcire iqneba da aRiareba ki sikvdilidan ormocdaaTi wlis
Semdeg Tu meRirsebao. misi winaswarmetyveleba utyuari gamodga. mwerlis sicocxleSi romani wiTeli da
Savi xolod erTxel gamoica. es wigni akrZala kaTolikurma eklesiam misi antiklerikaluri Sinaarsis gamo.
Carlz dikensis romanSi oliver
tvisti aris erTi personaJi _ fejini _ romelic araerTxel moixsenieba, rogorc ebraeli. IX saukunis
inglisur literaturaSi arsebobda
garkveuli Sabloni, romelic ebraelebisadmi damokidebulebaSi mJRavndeboda da maT xasiaTs qmnida. oliverSic msgavsma Sablonma iCina Tavi.
fejinis JRali Tma da wveri eSmakis
adreul gamosaxulebebTan asocirdeboda. vin aris fejini? es aris TaRliTi, romelsac kauWis msgavsi cxviri
aqvs, grZeli serTuki acvia da farTofarflebiani qudi axuravs. 1830
wels londonSi ebraelebs ekrZalebodaT maRaziebs floba, advokatebad
muSaoba, sauniversiteto xarisxis miReba da parlamentaroba. maTi moRvaweobis sfero uaRresad viwro iyo,
amitomac ingliseli ebraelebi, ro-
cenzura da literatura
106
melTa ricxvi 20 aTasidan 30 aTasamde aRwevda, cxovrebis sarCos Zveli
tansacmlis gayidviT da mevaxSeobiT
moipovebdnen. 1830 wels moewyo ebraeli Semsyidvelis aiki solomonsonis
sasamarTlo. es braldebuli fejinis
msgavsad Seisyidida moparul Zvirfaseulobas, tansacmels da qsovilebs.
sasamarTlo procesma mniSvnelovani
roli Seasrula fejinis saxis Seqmnisas.
droTa manZilze inglisSi ebraelTa mdgomareoba Seicvala an, ukeT
rom vTqvaT, gaumjobesda. amisda kvalad dikensmac Secvala Tavisi personaJi, magram fejini mainc fejinad
darCa. 1949 wels bruklinelma ebraelebma protesti gamoTqves saSualo
skolaSi oliver tvistis swavlebis
gamo. maT aRZres sarCeli ganaTlebis
sammarTvelos winaaRmdeg. maTi protestis mizezi dikensiseuli personaJi fejini da Seqspiriseuli Sailoki
gaxldaT. bruklineli ebraelebi fiqrobdnen, rom es personaJebi nacionalur siZulvils aRvivebdnen. sasamarTlom maTi sarCeli gaauqma, vinaidan
am wignebis akrZalvisTvis saTanado
mtkicebuleba ar arsebobda.
cenzura mixail lermontovis demonsac Seexo. genialuri rusi poeti
pirvelive publikaciidan politikurad arasaimedod iqna miCneuli. misi
cnobili leqsi poetis sikvdilze
revoluciur mowodebad aRiqves mefis ruseTis didmoxeleebma.
poema demoni lermontovis sicocxleSi ar dabeWdila. pirvelad am
poemis gamoqveyneba scada a. kraevskim
Tavis literaturul JurnalSi, magram nawarmoebis nacvlad gamoqveynda
amgvari informacia: demoni ar qveyndeba redaqciisgan damoukidebeli
mizezebis gamo. mogvianebiT kraevskis mcdelobas cnobili kritikosi
belinskic SeuerTda. isini erTob-
livad cdilobdnen am poemis gamoqveynebas. am mcdelobam Sedegi gamoiRo. nawyvetebi poemidan gamoqveynda
usaTaurod da mkiTxvelis gamoxmaurebac gamoiwvia. demonis pirveli sruli varianti gamoqveynda 1856
wels karlsrueSi. amas mohyva kvlav
sazRvargareTuli publikaciebi badensa da berlinSi.
aleqsandr griboedovis piesa vai
Wkuisagan gamoqveynebisTanave samTavrobo wreebma politikur satirad
miiCnies. aseTma verdiqtma, rasakvirvelia, cenzurazec moaxdina gavlena.
cenzorebis SiSi Zneli asaxsneli ar
iyo: moskovis general-gubernatori
Tavadi golicini ambobda, griboedovma mTel moskovze dawera paskvilio. 1826 wels piesis avtori dekabristebis saqmis gamo daapatimres.
aman kidev ufro daamZima viTareba.
dapatimrebuli griboedovi uaryofda dekabristebTan TanamSromlobas.
mwerali gamomZiebels miuTiTebda
Tavis erT-erT personaJze. marTlac
piesaSi gamoyvanili iyo erTi sacodavi da sasacilo SeTqmuli personaJi, gvarad repetilovi. griboedovi
oTxTviani patimrobis Semdeg gaaTavisufles, Tumca amiT am brwyinvale
nawarmoebis xvedri odnavadac ar Semsubuqebula. sabolood ki griboedovma ise daasrula Tavisi sicocxle,
rom vai Wkuisagan arc gamoqveynebuli unaxavs da arc scenaze dadgmuli.
esec bedis ironiaa.
jorj oruelis 1984 antitotalitaruli romania. meore msoflio
omis Semdeg komunisturma ideebma
daipyro sabWoTa kavSiri da aRmosavleT evropa. gaCnda SiSi imisa, rom
totalitaruli sistema aSS-is da
sxva kapitalisturi qveynebis monapovars zians miayenebda. jorj oruelis romani, romelic pirvelad 1949
wels gamoqveynda, swored ukiduresi
andro buaCiZe
107
mis bedisweraze mogviTxrobs. romani
ruseTis istoriis kataklizmebiT aRsavse periods moicavs _ XX saukunis
dasawyisi, 1917 wlis revolucia, samoqalaqo omi, 1930-iani wlebis terori. epilogSi Jivagos sikvdilis Semdeg moqmedeba meore msoflio omis
fonze viTardeba. epilogi Sejamebaa
warsulisa da ganWvreta momavlis.
stalinis epoqis damTavrebisTanave sabWoTa cenzura Sesustda. 1953
wels pasternaki ganagrZobs romanis
weras. represiebis wlebSi mwerali
dumda, TargmanebiT gadioda fons.
man Targmna goeTes fausti, Seqspiris mTavari piesebi, klaistis dramaturgia, dasavluri lirika. es Targmanebi umaRles profesiul donezea
Sesrulebuli.
axla uSualod doqtor Jivagos
istoria. romani damTavrebisTanave
boris pasternakma e. w. gosizdatSi (saxelgami) gagzavna. moskovis am
gamomcemlobisgan avtorma dadebiTi
pasuxi miiRo, rac imas niSnavda, rom
nawarmoebi garkveuli xnis Semdeg gamoicemoda. amiT guldajerebulma
mweralma vrceli asli italiel gamomcemel janjakomo feltrinelis
gadaugzavna da ai, amis Semdeg moxda
sruliad moulodneli ram: gosizdatma akrZala wignis gamocema im
mizeziT, rom nawarmoebSi bolSevikuri revolucia naCvenebi iyo, rogorc
sastiki danaSauli. xelisuflebis saxeliT garkveuli wris Cinovnikebma
pasternakisgan moiTxoves italiaSi
gagzavnili dednis aslis ukan dabruneba. janjakomo feltrinelim dedani ukan aRar daabruna. wigni gamoica
italiaSi or tomad da aqedan daiwyo
boris pasternakis saxelis aRzevebac
da mwerlis moralurTan erTad fizikuri ganadgurebac. jer nobelis
premiaze aTqmevines uari, mere mweralTa kavSiridan garicxes, Semdeg ki
cenzura da literatura
108
iseTi garemocva Seuqmnes, rom faqtobrivad momakvdinebeli martooba
daeufla. doqtor jivago mxolod
perestroikis periodSi gamoqveynda
sabWoTa kavSirSi.
1940 wels Jurnal leningradis
erT-erT nomerSi gamoqveynda ana axmatovas leqsebi. poets manamde TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi erTi leqsic
ki ar daubeWdavs. stalinis gamonaTqvamic ki gavrcelda, ratom aRarsad
Cans ana axmatovao.
JurnalSi gakeTebul publikacias
male poetis wignic mohyva. axmatovas, lidia Cukovskaias sityviT, Zalze awuxebda is garemoeba, rom wignSi
ver CarTo poema rekviemi. es poema poetis sicocxleSi ar dabeWdila,
mxolod perestroikis periodSi gamoqveynda. poema faqtobrivad godebaa dakarguli qmris da dapatimrebuli vaJiSvilis gamo. axmatovas wignebi
leningradis mweralTa fardulSi ganaTavses. rogorc amboben, samasi cali mwerlebs dauriges, gasayidad ki
saerTod ar gamoutaniaT.
am periodSi Jdanovma erT-erTi
partiuli muSakis moxsenebiTi baraTi miiRo, sadac aseTi viTareba iyo
aRwerili: am wignSi revoluciur da
sabWoTa Temaze dawerili leqsebi ar
ipoveba. axmatovas leqsur nagavs ori
wyaro warmoSobs: RmerTi da Tavisufali siyvaruli. mxatvrul saxeebs
saamisod poeti saeklesio literaturaSi eZiebs. aucilebelia gavrcelebis punqtidan am leqsebis amoReba.
a. Jdanovi sastik risxvas afrqvevda: rogor ixila am wignma dRis Suqi? vin wamowia wina planze? rogoria
mTavlitis pozicia?
centraluri komitetis dadgenilebis Tanaxmad, axmatovas wignis gamo mkacri sayveduri gamoec-
axali Targmanebi
U avadi
m otreamoni
maldororis simRerebi
mTargmnelisagan:
Le comt de Lautreamont _ dedanSi asea.
me jerjerobiT _ Tavadi lotreamoni _ qarTuli Targmanis am variantze
var SeCerebuli, Tumca imasac vfiqrob, cxadia, rom ufro swori Tavadi
lotreamonisa an lotreamonis Tavadi SeiZleba iyos; an, iqneb, mTavaric
_ mTavari lotreamonisa an lotreamonis mTavari... ar vici, vnaxoT. gaurkvevelia am sityvis _ `lotreamoni~
_ mniSvnelobac, `latreamoni~ _ (da ara
`lotreamoni~) _ saTauria eJen sius
erTi romanisa da nawili mkvlevrebisa
fiqrobs, rom iqidanac SeiZleba iyos
nasesxebi es fsevdonimi, SeiZleba sityvis TamaSic iyos da avtoris mSobliuri kuTxis, urugvais, nostalgia ikiTxebodes am saxelSio, fiqroben sxvebi
(_ `sxva aris monte~ _ ase kiTxuloben
am sityvas, anu montevideo mainc sul
sxva ariso viTom) _ da, cxadia, arcTu
usafuZvlod, magram rusulad, magaliTad, _ grafio, grafi lotreamonio _
asea Targmnili. grafia, mogexsenebaT,
monte-kristoc _ (qarTuladac asea
Targmnili) _ da ar aris, me vfiqrob,
mTlad xelaRebiT ugulebelsayofi aq
arc es sityva _ grafi~ _ da arc es
erTi SexedviT ucnauri dakavSireba am
ori grafisa erTimeoresTan, miT ufro, rom l-otr frangulad sxvas, anu
meores niSnavs da mere amas aqac _ mon
_ es sityva mosdevs, rac mTas niSnavs
frangulad (da espanuradac _ `monte~)
109
axali Targmanebi
110
bidanve mizidavs da saxtad mtovebs.
ramdenjerac davapire Targmna, imdenjer gadavifiqre. arc iyo, kacma rom
Tqvas, Cems axalgazrdobaSi aravin amisi dambeWdavi CvenSi da ai axla, ager,
am xandazmulobis Jams wamicda bolos
da bolos mainc xeli. kidev ufro ucnaurad aRiqmeboda, cxadia, es wigni im
dros, rodesac daiwera. teqstSi gabneuli mravalricxovani literaturuli,
filosofiuri, mecnieruli, bibliuri
Tu bibliologiuri reminiscenciuli
xasiaTis aluziebi Tu wiaRsvlebi (zogjer pirdapiri citatebic ki _ sworad
Tu arasworad ubrWyalebod moxmobili)
_ sagonebelSi agdebs mkiTxels da saamisodac aris, cxadia, Cafiqrebuli. saTanado komentarebs moiTxovs, ra Tqma
unda, ese yoveli, rasac, am Txzulebis
Targmans rom davasruleb, (Tu davasrule, anu asakma Tu ineba Cemma da damasrulebina) _ da mere calke wignadac
Tu gamoveci, aucileblad davurTav
SeZlebisdagvarad amomwuravs. amjerad
ki me aq mxolod erTi _ pirveli _ simReris Targmans gTavazobT am maldororis simRerebisas _ sul eqvsia...
isidor diukasi, anu igive es Tavadi lotreamoni _ (am maldororis
simRerebisa da kidev poeziebis ori
wignis avtori) _ montevideoSi daibada
1846 wels da 1870 wels 24 wlis asakSi gardaicvala parizSi, savaraudod
_ (danamdvilebiT verc amas ver amboben) _ WleqiT. mamamisi, fransua diukasi, safrangeTis generaluri sakonsulos ndobiT aRWurvili kancleri iyo
montevideoSi, deda _ Jaket davazaki
_ gaurkvevel viTarebaSi gardaicvala
1847 wels, savaraudod (isev da isev
savaraudod), Tavi moikla. bavSvoba am
isidorma urugvaiSi gaatara. mere swavlobda safrangeTSi, jer liceumSi da
mere politeqnikur skolaSi, pirveli
cdebi `maldororis simRerebis~ gamoqveynebisa _ (imxanad jer marto pirveli
simRerisa) uSedegod dasrulda, mere
orma gamomcemelma erTdroulad dabeWda, magram araviTari gamoxmaureba
amas ar mohyolia. imogzaura urugvaiSi
da bolos isev safrangeTs daubrunda.
mis parizul binaSi iyo marto wignebi,
erTi sawoli da erTi pianino, muSaobda RamiT, dawerils xmamaRla kiTxu-
Tavadi lotreamoni
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pirveli simRera
eameboda zecas, meyseulad gaTamamebuli da myisve amdenadve gaborotebuli mkiTxveli Seumcdarad rom
gaikvlevdes gzas am Savbneli striqonebis koriantelSi _ am, jerac fexdaudgam, gauval Waobebsa da kldovani orwoxebis cicaboebSi _ radgan,
mkacr logikas Tu ar misdia da Tavisive undoblobis Tananadebi Wkua ar
ixmara, ise ganimsWvaleba am wignidan
aalebuli sasikvdilo aTinaTebis mimoqroliT, rogorc Saqari iJRinTeba
wyliT. yvelas ar waekiTxeba es wigni,
uxifaTod mxolod zogierTebma SeiZleba daigemovnon es mware nayofi.
amitom _ suliT morcxvebi vinca xarT
_ gijobT, amTaviTve ukan daixioT,
vidre am gaukvalav niadagze daadgamdeT fexs, gijobT, ukan gadadgaT
nabiji _ ukan da ara win! _ iseve rogorc vaJiSvili aridebs Tvals aRtacebul mzeras Tavisi dedisas, romelic mas aRemateba; an kidev _ rogorc
Tvalsawiers dadevnebuli Secivnuli
weroebis gundi ukuiqceva zamTarSi gulgaxeTqili da Tavgzaabneuli,
radgan ver gaugia, saidan amovarda
axali Targmanebi
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kapitaniviT miikvlevs es mewinave weroc gzas Tavisi navsayudelisaken im
Tavisi frTebis savsaviT, beRurisas
rom arafriT ar aRemateba TiTqos.
ar aris suleli, sul sxva gzas irCevs
_ filosofiursa da swors...
zogi imitom wers, rom taSi daukran im keTili Tvisebebis gamo, rasac
adamianuri warmosaxva miawers guls
da rogoradac Tavad moaqvs Tavi. me
ara, me Cemi niWi im aRfrTovanebas minda vamsaxuro, rasac sisastike iwvevs.
ganaTu ar SeiZleba, rom sisastike gangebis idumali nebiT iyos marTuli?
ganaTu ar SeiZleba, rom geniosi iyo,
Tu sastiki xar? SeiZleba da me amas
Cemi sityviT davamtkiceb, Tqven isRa dgrCeniaT, rom yuri damigdoT, _
Tu inebebT, raRa Tqma unda, rom damigdoT yuri... ukacravad, momeCvena,
Tavadi lotreamoni
rac Tavi maxsovs, sul imas vuyureb, Tu rogor alenCeben mxarmokle adamianebi _ yvelani, Tvinier yovelgvari gamonaklisisa _ TavianTive
msgavsT, rogor xrwnian sulebs yvelanairi saSualebiT da rogor moaqvT mere amiTi Tavi. gandidebas eZaxian amas. mec micdia amgvari sicili,
magram amisi mibaZva SeuZlebeli iyo...
aviRe mere erTi basri jayva da xorci
davisere im adgilebSi, sadac tuCebi erTimeores uerTdebian. erTi wami
iyo, kinaRam davijere, rom mivaRwie
mizans, magram sarkeSi davinaxe mere
Cemi piri, Cemive nebisyofis ZaliT
rom iyo mokvdinebuli... saSineli sanaxavi gaxldaT, sisxli Rvarad moedineboda orive Wrilobidan da xels
miSlida imis danaxvaSi, rasac sxvebi
sicils eZaxdnen. vadarebdi erTxans,
magram Cemi sicili aSkarad ar hgavda
im sxvebisas, anu me ar vicinodi. davinaxe Tu rogori uSno Tavebi ebaT
adamianebs da ra medidurad gadaatarebdnen xolme mzeras Sav-bnel
fosoebSi Rrmad Camjdari TvalebiT
bediTad wilxvdomil yvela gaWirvebas, foladiviT nawrTob sixistes
yvelas: veSapTa sisastikes, ymawvilTa
utifrobas, damnaSaveTa uazro risxvas, pirmoTneTa Ralats... yvelaze
ufro saocari maqciebi swored eseni iyvnen _ mRvdlebiviT Zalmosilni, garemocvaTagan yvelaze ufro
moxerxebulad damalulni. dae, moralistebma mounaxon guli da yve-
113
las Tavisi sazRauri daatexon Tavs
caTa simaRlidan! isini me yvela erTada myavs nanaxi: xan, rogorc ukve
gafuWebuli bavSvebi, zecas uRerebdnen muStebs _ etyoba, jojoxeTis
romelime mociqulisagan iyvnen gulmocemulni _ erTdroulad sindisis
qenjniTa da siZulviliT iyo aRsavse imaTi mzera, siCumeSi gatrunulni ver bedavdnen amaze ufro uxamssa
da yovlismomcvel fiqrs, radgan ase
da amdenad iyvnen jerxnobiT moculni usamarTlobiTa da SiSiT, ase da
amdenad acruebdnen jerxnobiT yovlad mowyale RmerTis Tanalmobas...
xanac yovelwamierad, bavSvobidan moyolebuli da vidre Rrma siberemde,
ise wyevlidnen da krulavdnen yvelas
da yvelafers, rac sunTqavs, rom saerTo azrs vera da ver gamoitandi.
wyevlidnen da krulavdnen yvelasa da
yvelafers _ TavianT Tavsac, gangebasac... abaxebdnen qalebsa da bavSvebs,
aupatiurebdnen sxeulis uklebliv
yvela nawils, raic siwmindisaTvis
iyo zegardmo daniSnuli. hoda, adidda zRva, STanTqa, Tavis uZiro wiaRSi
Caitana yovelive, amovarda grigali,
iZra miwa, daamxo saxlebi, nair-nairma
senma daria xeli mlocvel ojaxebs,
magram adamianebi amas aras dagidevdnen. iSviaTad, magram minaxavs esec
_ zogi wiTldeboda da fiTrdeboda
imis gamo, rac Caidina. warRvnebo _
grigalTa debo _ rogor davijero,
rom lamazebi xarT? pirmoTne zRvao
_ xato Cemi gulisa, _ miwav _ wiaRo
gamoucnobo, _ sferoTa binadarno,
samyaroo mTelo, RmerTo, romelman
Sehqmen ese yoveli ase brwyinvaled,
Sen geubnebi, Sen _ erTi adamiani mainc maCvene, keTili rom iyos! magram
Tan Zalac gamiorkece am dros Senive
madliT, Torem suli gamZvreba umal
am urCxulis Semxedvares... sikvdiliT
xom isedac vkvdebiT, ara?
axali Targmanebi
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Tavadi lotreamoni
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axali Targmanebi
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vaglax! vaglax! _ SemomZaxa lamazmanma. _ es ra Caidine?! me vuTxari, _
me Sen mirCevnixar imas, rameTu mebralebian ubedurebi, ra Seni bralia,
Tu maradiulma samarTalma Segqmna
aseTi? iman ki ase momigo: adamianebi
gamamarTleben me erT mSvenier dRes.
axla ki gamiSvi, vinZlo zRvis fskerze davmalo Cemi usaSvelo naRveli.
me marto Sen da zRvis ufskrulSi
moriale urCxulebs ar gezizRebiT.
keTili xar Sen, gemSvidobebi imas,
vinc Semiyvare. mere mec amas veubnebi: mSvidobiT, mSvidobiT, me Sen sul
mudam meyvarebi... dReis amas iqiT me
uars vambob saTnoebaze. hoda, amitomac vambob _ o, xalxno, zamTarSi
qaris zuzuns rom gaigonebT zRvaTa
sanapiroTa zeda, did-did qalaqTa
zeda _ romelnic, kai xania ukve, me
mglovoben _ polarul gamyinvarebaTa zeda... TqviT ase: RmerTma ki ara,
siZvis gaafTrebulma sunTqvam gadagviara, montevideoelis kvnesasTn
Serwymulma-Tqo. me geubnebiT amas,
yrmano, me! aRivseniT saTnoebiT da
daiCoqeT, adamianebi rwyilebze metni
imitom arian amqveynad, rom locvebi
aRavlinon cad!
Tavadi lotreamoni
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ba Sen sulierad aRgamaRlebs da amitom nebas grTav, uyuro kidec amas
xandaxan Seni fanjridan. im droidan moyolebuli wmindad vinaxav Cemi
mkvdari dedis am anderZs _ ZaRlebisa
ar iyos, mec miveltvi maradisobas...
ver vikmayofileb verc me maradisobis wyurvils. me dedakacisa da mamakacis naSieri var, rogorc miTxres,
da mikvirs _ raRaca ufro meti megona Cemi Tavi. sxvafriv, aba, ras daveZeb, saidan movdivar, CemTvis rom
ekiTxaT, vamjobinebdi, rom veSapis
naSieri vyofiliyavi, visi SimSilic
warRvnebis megobaria, an vefxisa, visi
sisastikec sayovelTaod cnobilia.
ar viqnebodi, albaT, aseTi boroti.
Sors daiWire Cemgan Tavi yovelman
Cemman Semyureman _ Cems sunTqvas Sxami mohyveba. aravinaa jereT mnaxveli
Cemi Sublis mwvane naoWebisa; arc Cemi
pirisaxis sisxliani Zvlebisa, didroni Tevzebis frTa-xerxemals rom waagavs, im kldeebis wvetian qimebs rom
waagavs, zRvaTa sanapiroebs rom gadmoscqerian maRlidan da sadac me xSirad mixetialia im dros, roca Cemi
Tma jer kidev sxva ferisa iyo. adamianTa sacxovrisebs Tvaldayvlepili rom vutrialeb Ramis wyvdiadSi,
warRvnis qarebi rom mipuwaven Tmas
gzaze dagdebul qvasaviT martos, pirisaxeze xaverdis patara naWers vifareb im mWvartliviT Savs, buxris
sakvamurs rom avsebs; rad minda Cemma
Tvalebmac dainaxos is Zlevamosili
siZulviliT aRsavse damcinavi mzera, rasac uzenaesi miapyrobs xolme
simaxinjes? yovel diliT, roca sxvaTaTvis mze amodis da sixarulsa da
simxurvales mimoafens gareirgvlivs,
roca arc erTi kunTi ar iZvris Cems
pirisaxeze da Cems sayvarel gamoqvabulSi SeyuJuli mivSterebivar am
wyvdiadiT mocul sivrces, Cemive sasowarkveTiT vTvrebi, rogorc Rvi-
axali Targmanebi
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niT, da Cemi yovlisSemZle xelebiTve vklav Cems mierve daqucmacebul
guls. arada, vgrZnob am dros, rom
kidev ufro meti gaxelebac xelmewifeba! arada, vgrZnob imasac, rom me
ara var erTaderTi, vinc ase itanjeba! vgrZnob, rom vsunTqav. sayelos visworeb im sikvdilmisjiliviT,
Tavis xvedrze rom fiqrobs da Tan
uneblieT kunTebs aTamaSebs. sayelos
nel-nela visworeb _ xan marjvnidan
marcxniv gadavkecav, xan marcxnidan
marjvniv da ase... saaTobiT. uceb ar
vkvdebi. drodadro, roca Cemi sayelo erTi mimarTulebiT aRar ikeceba da veRarc meore mimarTulebiT
veRar vkecav, Cems Tvalsawiers vusworeb mzeras, iSviaT RriWoebs vaSterdebi mcenareuli safariT dafaruli Semosasvlelisas da verafers
ver vxedav Tvinier Cems Tvalwin moriale soflebis acekvebuli xeebisa
da Citebisa im miRmier sivrces rom
seraven iq. me es sisxls miCqrolebs
da gonebas miforiaqebs... vin mirtyams TavSi am rkinis kets, rogorc
grdemls CaquCs?
hoi, bebero okeanev, brolis talRebiano! o, rogor hgavxar Sen nacemi iungas dalilavebul zurgs! Sen
xom dedamiwis zurgsac erT uzarmazar dalilavebul laqad aCnixar...
momwons es Sedareba! Seni usaSvelod
naRvliani sunTqva Senive suls daCneul unazes CurCuls waagavs erTi
SexedviT, TiTqos metrfeTa SenTa
igonebde angariSmiucemlad, mZime
dasabams igonebde TiTqos adamianis
sicocxlisas, waruSlel kvals rom
tovebs mis sulSi da arasodes ar tovebs. salami Senda, bebero okeanev!
hoi, bebero okeanev! Seni harmoniulad sferuli sxeuli _ geometriulad unaklo _ me adamianTa viwro
Tvalebs magonebs, iseTive viwros,
Tavadi lotreamoni
119
aseTive sapatio mizezi saamisod. 30
milionma adamianma rom moiyaros Tavi erTi cicqna miwis nakveTze, yvela
umal imas cdilobs, rom TviTon gaidgas fesvi am miwaze da yvela imas
fiqrobs, rom iZulebulia, araviTar
SemTxvevaSi ar Caerios Tavisi mezoblis saqmeSi. adamianTa didi da universaluri ojaxi iseTi utopiaa, rom
araviTar logikas ar eqvemdebareba.
didi Tu patara yvela Tavis gamoqvabulSia gamoketili da iSviaTad, rom
iqidan Tavisive msgavss gamoxedos,
romelic Tavis mxriv agreTve Tavis
gamoqvabulSia gamoketili. vina Tqva,
romelma WkuaTmyofelma Tqva es, rom
TiTqos SesaZlebelia kacTa modgmis
erToba da erTsulovneba? umaduroba sWvivis Seni nayofieri ZuZuebis
Semyure adamianis mzeraSic, radgan
umal im uTvalav mSobelze iwyebs
fiqrs, Semoqmedis winaSe rom iCenen
umadurobas da RvTis anabara stoveben TavinTi sacodavi Sesaqmis nayofT. salami Senda, bebero okeanev!
mwarea Seni wylebi, bebero okeanev!
im RvarZlis gemo aqvs, kritikosebi
rom apkureben diad xelovnebas, mecnierebas... yvelafers, saerTod. genioss Tu mohkres sadme Tvali, umalve _ Seuracxadiao _ ityvian, _ aRnag
sxeulze ityvian _ kuzianiao. cxadia,
ra Tqma unda, rom adamiani Zalian ganicdis imas, rom ar aris srulqmnili. arada, metwilad Tavis Tavs unda
umadlodes amas _ ai swored am kritikas unda umadlodes... salami Senda, bebero okeanev!
bebero okeanev! ra xerxs ar mimarTavs adamiani da rogor ar uwyobs
xels mecnierebas, magram vera da ver
swvdeba Seni wiaRis Tavbrudamxvev
siRrmeebs. Tevzebi? Tevzebi ki, Tevzebi swvdebian, adamianebi _ vera. me
sul amas vekiTxebi Cems Tavs _ okeanis siRrmeTa wvdomaa ufro ioli
axali Targmanebi
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Tu Secnoba adamianis gulisa? vin
icis, ramdenjer mifiqria amaze gembanze mdgars, gemi roca Cems qvemoT
wyals miapobda da mTvaris anarekli anZebs Soris daxtoda burTiviT
Cems Tvalwin, ramdenjer damviwyebia
yvelaferi ise, rom marto es kiTxva
mitrialebda TavSi _ romeli ufro
Rrmaa da Seucnobeli mainc, okeane
Tu adamianis guli? Cemi ocdaaTwliani cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba Tu
sakamrisia saimisod, rom piruTvneli
azri viqonio am sakiTxze, unda mogaxsenoT, rom raoden Rrmac unda iyos
okeanis wiaRi, adamianis guli mainc
gacilebiT ufro Rrmaa da miudgomeli. bevri marTali adamiani minaxavs
mec, samoci wlisa rom momkvdara da
sikvdilis win uTqvams _ sikeTis meti
ara damiTesia ra am qveyanazeo. qvelmoqmedebas gulisxmobdnen, ra Tqma
unda, _ didi eSmakoba ar unda amaso,
_ ambobdnen, yvelas SeuZlia es moimoqmedoso. arada, vis SeuZlia Tqvas,
ori adamiani _ jer kidev guSin erTimeores rom aRmerTebda _ rad miiwevs
dRes erTi alTas da meore balTas,
erTi aRmosavleTiT da meore dasavleTiT _ aseTi zizRiT, SurisZiebis
aseTi dauokebeli wyurviliT, aseTi
siyvaruliTa da aseTi sindisis qenjniT sul erTi da erTaderTi gadabrunebuli sityvis gamo Tavisive
amay simartoveSi gamoxveuli? saswaulia es, saswauli, rac yovel fexis
nabijze meordeba da sulac ar aris
amis gamo naklebad saswaulebrivi.
gaugebaria, ratom igemovnebs adamiani aramcTu mxolod zogadad Tavisive msgavsTa Tavlafis dasxmas, aramed Tavisi uaxloesi adamianisasac ki,
visTan erTadac Tavadac lafi esxmeba
mere Tavs? kidev erTi magaliTi da
davamTavroT amjerad es erTi wyeba
laparaki amaze. pirmoTnea adamiani,
hos ambobs da aras gulisxmobs.
amitomac aris mere, ase rom endobian adamianebi erTimeores da Tavi ise
moaqvT, rom sulac ar arian viTom
egoistebi. fsiqologias Zalian didi
progresi elodeba jer kidev win, Zalian bevri ram aqvs jer kidev aRmosaCeni... salami Senda, bebero ikeanev!
bebero okeanev! Sen iseTi Zlieri
xar, rom adamianebma sakuTar tyavze
iwvnies Seni Zala, ra ar scades Sens
dasamorCileblad, magram vera da ver
dagimorCiles, raRacas iseTs gadaawydnen, rac imaT SesaZleblobebs aSkarad aRemateboda. okeane daarqves
mere saxelad im raRacas. ise eSiniaT
Seni, rom Senive pativiscemas STaagonebT es SiSi. Sen ki am dros Sens
nebaze atrialeb haerSi imaT uzarmazar manqanebs _ ra ginda ra gvars. xan
caSi aisvri tanmovarjiSesaviT, xanac
Senive wiaRSi ayuryumaleb, nebismier
akrobats rom SeSurdeboda, ise. uxariaT, Tu gadagirCnen da erTxel da
samudamod ar CaiTrie Sens mduRare
wylebSi ugzod da urkinigzod ise,
rom Tvalic ki veRar mohkran veRarasodes Tu saiT miaqaneb da ra yofaSi
arian iq Tevzebi, saiTac Sen amaT miaqaneb, _ rac mTavaria, ra yofaSi arian Tavad am dros. _ me okeaneze ufro
Wkviani varo, _ ambobs kaci; SeiZleba,
SeiZleba asec iyos, SeiZleba ki arada,
kai gvariani simarTlec aris es, magram okeane mainc gacilebiT ufro met
eWvs aRuZravs adamians, vidre adamiani okeanes _ ar sWirdeba amas bevri
fici da mtkici. ai am yovlismnaxvel
patriarqs, am Cveni caSi gamokiduli
planetis pirvel JamTa Tanamedroves
sibralulis Rimils hgvris es Cveni
saerTaSoriso sazRvao omebi. Seikribeba sadme kacobriobis xeliT qmnili asiode leviteli, atydeba mere
zarbaznebis baTqabuTqi, daWrilebis
kvnesa da es yvelaferi marto imitom,
rom maradisobis kidev sul ramdeni-
Tavadi lotreamoni
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gulwrfeli survili Sen kidev ufro gangadidebs. usasrulobis xatia
Seni zneobrivi sidiade, filosofosis fiqriviT didia, qalis siyvaruliviT didia, didia, rogorc Citis
RvTaebrivi silamaze, rogorc ocneba
poetisa... Sen Rameze ufro mSvenieri xar! miTxari, okeanev, ginda, davZmobildeT? aReldi, aReldi okeanev,
kidev ufro aReldi, rom RvTis risxvas Segadaro! gamoaCine Seni TeTri
brWyalebi da daisere Senive guli...
ai ase! hoi, saSinelo, binZuro okeanev! me var erTaderTi, visac Seni esmis, visac SensaviT dacema xelewifeba
da vinc Senive ferxTiT ganirTxmeba
amitom nasxvisaria adamianis sidiade
da me arafers ar mavaldebulebs: Sen
ki, Sen mavaldebuleb. Sen roca giyureb da rom vxedav Tu rogor amayad
moabijeb da rogori livliviT dagyveba ukan mTeli Seni amala, rogor
gimSvenebs Tavs qafis gvirgvini, rogor ajaxeb erTimeores da erTmaneTSi rev Sens talRebs, rogori aRsavse xar sakuTari Tavis Rirsebis SegnebiT, rogor aSinebs adamians Seni
sindisis qenjnis zmuili maSinac ki,
roca napiridan Semogcqeris da Sengan araviTari safrTxe ar emuqreba,
me vrwmundebi, rom ara maqvs aranairi gamorCeuli ufleba, rom Sen gedrebode. ai amitom _ Seni aseTi aRmatebulobis gamo _ me mzada var,
Sen mogiZRvna mTeli Cemi siyvaruli
(aravin ar uwyis, Tu ra SeiZleba daitios im siyvarulma, rasac me silamazisadmi ltolva aRmiZravs) _ Senve
rom ar maiZulebde, gulamoskvnilma vifiqro imaze, vinc Cemi msgavsia
da vinc ase sasacilod gansxvavdeba
Sengan. aseTi sasacilo sxvaoba sxva,
albaT, arc arsebobs. hoda, ai amitom
ar SemiZlia, rom miyvarde. mezizRebi.
maS, ratomRa vbrundebi isev da isev
SenTan? rad minda, rom Semexo da mo-
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mefero gaxurebul Sublze? ar vici,
ra aris Seni daniSnuleba da imitom.
minda, vicode yvelaferi, rac Sen gexeba. miTxari barem, rom jurRmulTa
Tavadis sacxovrisi xar. miTxari...
miTxari, okeanev (marto me miTxari,
guli rom ar gauskdes imas, visac ocnebebis meti sxva arc araferi ara
scodnia Tavis dReSi), rom satanis
sunTqvaa is, rac am warRvnebs moavlens xolme da Sens marilian talRebs RrublebSi isvris. unda miTxra,
radgan gavixareb, Tu mecodineba, rom
jojoxeTi ase axloa adamianTan. gamixardeba, Tu swored es iqneba sul
bolo strofi am Cemi qebisa. mere isRa damrCeba, rom kidev erTxel mdablad dagikra Tavi da umalve gamogemSvidobo. hoi, bebero okeanev brolis
Wavlebiano! Tvalebi cremliT mevseba
da saTqmels veRar vuyri Tavs, radgan guli migrZnobs, rom movida dro,
isev adamianebis uxiag sazogadoebas
davubrunde. ra gaewyoba, Tavs Zala
davatanoT da aRvasruloT, viTarca
vali, yvelam Cven-Cveni daniSnuleba
am dedamiwaze. salami Senda, bebero
okeanev!
Tavadi lotreamoni
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axali Targmanebi
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_ ver gamigia, ra memarTeba, raRaca vera var kargad, yvelaferi maRizianebs...
_ o, ra fermkrTali xar?! guli
migrZnobs, gaTenebamde raRaca iseTi
moxdeba, rac samives sasowarkveTilebis tbaSi amogvayofinebs Tavs...
Soridan TiTqos sul ufro da ufro gausaZlisi tkivilis gamayruebeli xma ismis...
_ Cemo biWo!
_ ho, dediko, meSinia...
_ itanjebi, ara? miTxari...
_ ara, dediko, ar vitanjebi, ara...
ar vambob marTals...
mama vera da ver mosula gons: _
aseTi yvirili xandaxan uvarskvlavebo Ramis siCumeSi ismis xolme. gesmis
TiTqos, magram is, vinc am xmas gamocems, SenTan ase axlos mainc ar aris.
es xma sami milis manZilze SeiZleba
wamoiRos qarma, qalaqidan qalaqSic
SeiZleba wamoiRos... msmenia es ambavi,
magram aqamomde arasodes ar Sevswrebivar. colo, Sen ubedurebaze melaparakebi, magram ra unda iyos im adamianis ubedurebaze ufro didi ubedureba, vinc am siSoridan ufrTxobs
Zils Tavisive msgavsT?
_ Soridan sul ufro da ufro gausaZlisi tkivilis gamyinavi xma mesmis...
eameboda zecas, misi dabadeba ase
rom ar dasdgomoda yelze qveyanas,
gulidan rom gadaigdebdes amas qveyana... dadis ase, daiareba qveynidan
qveyanaSi, yvelgan yvelas ezizReba,
_ zogi ambobs iSviaTi saxeobis sigiJe sWirs bavSvobidanveo, zogs miaCnia, rom misi es sigiJe Tandayolilia da TviTonve rcxvenia amisi, _ da
rom misi mSoblebic am ambavs gadahyvnen. amboben imasac, rom yvelaferi
im metsaxelis bralia, bavSvobaSi rom
Searqveso, iman gaaborota da vera da
ver moinela mere es ambavi, maSin dar-
Tavadi lotreamoni
125
ric xar. amas imitom geubnebi, rom
miyvarxar da minda, bednieri iyo.
_ momwydi Tavidan viRaca xar, xeli gamiSvi...
_ bavSvuri ocneba nu wagiRebs, Cemo biWo, jer Zils nu miecemi, erToblivi locva jer ar dagviwyia da arc
Seni tansacmeli ar migilagebia jer
skamze... daiCoqe! hoi yovlad Zliero, yvelganmyofo da maradmyofo,
amouwuravia Seni sikeTe...
_ ganaTu ar gizidavs Sen es nakaduli, es pawawuna wiTeli, cisferi
da vercxlisferi Tevzebi, ager, am
kamkama wyalSi rom irevian? iseTi lamazi bade geqneba, rom es Tevzebi TavisiT Securdebian Sig da pirTamde
amoavseben im bades... xedav am kenWebs,
marmarilosaviT rom gaudiT bzinva?
_ dediko, Sexede, rogori brWyalebi aqvs! meSinia, magram sindisi
sufTa maqvs, araferi ara maqvs mosananiebeli...
_ xom xedav, rogor viCoqebT Sens
ferxTiT Seni sidiadisadmi mowiwebiT aRsavseni? ampartavnuli azri Tu
gagvielvebs raime TavSi, umalve ukuvagdebT, gamovafurTxebT zizRiT da
Senve SemogwiravT, viTarca msxverpls
upatiebels...
_ ... patara gogoebTan erTad ibanaveb, patara gogoebi Semogxveven
mklavebs da, amoxval Tu ara wylidan,
maSinve ia-vardis gvirgvins dagiwnaven _ peplebiviT gamWvirvale frTebi
eqnebaT da grZeli talRovani Tmebi...
_ rogori lamazic unda iyos Seni sasaxle, me aqedan fexs mainc ar
movicvli, Sen ise tkbilad melaparakebi, rom TviTmarqvia mgonixar, viRaca xar, mSoblebis mitoveba ar aris
kargi saqcieli, me ara var umaduri
Svili, is Seni gogoebi dedaCemis Tvalebze ufro lamazebi ver iqnebian...
_ rac Tavi gvaxsovs, sul Sen gadidebT, ase iyo aqamomde da ase iqne-
axali Targmanebi
126
ba yovelTvis, vidre Senive nebiT ar
davtovebT amqveyanas...
_ isini Sen usityvod dagemorCilebian da marto imas ecdebian dRe-cismare, rom rogorme Tavi mogawonon.
Cits Tu inatreb iseTs, dRe da Rame
rom galobs, imasac umalve mogarTmeven, Tovlis oTxTvalas Tu inatreb,
erT Tvalis daxamxamebaSi mzeze rom
agiyvanos, mogarTmeven imasac. Tu
ginda, im gvelsac mogarTmeven, mTvareze rom aris damaluli da kudze
abreSumis ZafiT hyavs gamobmuli yvela Citi, rac ki amqveynad arsebobs,
damijere, damijere, rasac geubnebi...
_ rac ginda, is qeni, me locvas mainc ar Sevwyvet imisaTvis, rom vinmes
Sengan saSvelad vuxmo, vici, Seni sxeuli maSinve aorTqldeba, rogorc ki
me xeliT Sevexebi, me ar meSinia Seni...
_ ara aris ra Senze didi Tvinier
im alisa, am umanko gulidan rom amodis axla...
_ ifiqre, ifiqre imaze, rasac geubnebi, Tu ar ginda, rom mere inano...
_ mamav zeciero, dagvicavi yvela
ubedurebisagan, rac Cvens keras SeiZleba daatydes Tavs...
_ maS, ar mcildebi, sulo boroto?
_ daifare Cemi coli, yvela gaWirvebaSi Cems gverdiT mdgomi da nugeSi
Cemi...
_ kargi, maS, raki uarmyof, agatireb da kbils kbilze gakawkawebineb
CamomxrCvaliviT!
_ daifare Cemi vaJi, visi bageebic
jer arc ki Sexsnila cxovrebis ganTiadis sakocnelad...
_ maxrCobs, dediko! mama, miSvele!
sunTqva miWirs... locva momaSveleT!
grgvinva gaisma caTa Sina ironiisa, haerma, viTarc sinaTlis svetSi,
Tavisive svetSi moaqcia arwivi, SemoeWdo, SeboWa da miwas daanarcxa gulgaxeTqili...
Tavadi lotreamoni
127
jojoxeTs da SeiZleba amisi gageba.
magram saflavis Txra? es ukve bunebriobis yovelgvar zRvars scildeba
xSirad. rogor fiqrob, ucnobo, iolia, am weraqviT daZra is miwa, romelic, jer erTi, Cveni marCenalia da
mere myudro sarecelic aris Cveni,
rodesac ukve aqve ganvisvenebT daculni im qarebisagan, ase umowyalod
rom uberavs yoveli mxridan am Cvens
sofel-qveyanas, Tuki weraqvis yovel
dabayunebaze im adamianebis loyebs
exebi, odesRac rom cocxlebi iyvnen
da axla Sen abruneb isev TavianT samflobeloebSi, sadac, Seni weraqvis
gadamkide, yoveli maTgani yovel saRamos xedavs im aalebul jvars, romelzec cecxlis enebiT iwereba ai
es maradiuli kiTxva _ ukvdavia Tu
mokvdavi suli? me yovelTvis miyvarda samyaros Semoqmedi, magram sikvdilis Semdeg Cven Tu aRar varsebobT,
maS, ratomRa vxedav, aba, ase xSirad
RamiT, Tu rogor ixsneba aq yoveli
saflavi da ra frTxilad icileben am
saflavebis binadarni TavianT tyviisfer sudarebs, raTa sufTa haeri CaisunTqon?
_ kargi, daanebe Tavi axla muSaobas, gancdebma qanci gagacales ukve,
lerwamiviT irwevi, sigiJe iqneba, Sen
rom axla muSaoba ganagrZo, me Zlieri var, me davikaveb Sens adgils, Sen
gverdze gadeqi da mirCie, ra da rogor unda gavakeTo, Tu rame ise ar
gamomivida, rogorc saWiroa...
_ rogori dakunTuli mklavebi
aqvs, ra msubuqad iqnevs weraqvs, saamuria pirdapir sayureblad...
_ tyuil eWvebs nu ahyvebi, yvela
es saflavi, am sasaflaoze rom aris
mimobneuli mindvris yvavilebiviT
(simarTles moklebulia es Sedareba)
filosofosis mSvidi da auRelvebeli kompasiT midgomas imsaxurebs. saxifaTo zmanebam dRisiTac icis mos-
axali Targmanebi
128
vla, magram ufro xSirad RamiT gvewveva xolme. amitom nu gagikvirdeba is
daujerebeli xilvebi, rac, rogorc
Sen ggonia, Sens Tvalebs eCvenebaT
axla. dRisiT, roca suli isvenebs,
hkiTxe Sens sindiss da eWvic ar Seepareba, ise gipasuxebs, rom RmerTi,
romelman Seqmna adamiani Tavisive sulis nawilisagan, miwieri sikvdilis
mere Tavisive wiaRSi abrunebs am Tavis Sedevrs. ra gatirebs, mesaflavev, qali xom ara xar? nu gaviwydeba,
Cven am anZebdalewil xomaldze imisaTvis vimyofebiT, rom davitanjoT.
pativia es CvenTvis, rameTu RmerTma
ase gansaja, rom Cven ZalgviZs, gavumklavdeT am tanjvas. miTxari, aba, Tu
Seni yvelaze ufro sanukvari survili marTla is aris, rom adamiani ar
itanjebodes, ris maqnisi iqneboda am
tanjvis gareSe saTnoeba _ is ideali,
riskenac yvela miviswrafviT? miTxari, ho, miTxari _ Seni enac xom isevea
qmnili, rogorc yvelasi?
_ sada var? ase uceb ram gamomcvala? nugeSinis sunTqvas vgrZnob
TiTqos Zalums da malamod ecxeba es
sityvebi Cems Subls ise, rogorc gazafxulis niavi elamuneba imedis momcemad moxucebuls. vin aris es kaci,
egzom tkbili eniT moubari? pirvelive Semxvedrs ara hgavs. musikasaviT
Camesmis misi xma, verafers ver Sevadri am hangs. misi laparaki mirCevnia
sxvaTa simReras. arada, rac ufro
vakvirdebi, miT ufro naklebad gulwrfeli meCveneba misi gamometyveleba. gamometyveleba erTia TiTqos,
sityvebi ki sxva. martooden RvTis
siyvaruliT SeiZleba iyos STagonebuli is sityvebi, rasac is warmoTqvams. daRiani da danaoWebuli Subli
aqvs. sasiqaduloa Tu samarcxvino es
daRi, ase naadrevad rom ase aberebs?
mowiwebas unda iwvevdes misi naoWebi
Tu zizRs? ar vici da arc minda vi-
code, meSinia. sul imasac rom ambobdes marTla, rasac ar fiqrobs, mainc
keTili survilebiT iqms, albaT, amas,
moyvasis Tanalmoba jer kidev SerCenia, me vfiqrob, cotaodeni da is
Tu amoZravebs? Tavis fiqrebSia CaZiruli. me ar vici, ras fiqrobs, magram gaormagebuli ZalisxmeviT ekveTa ager am misTvis uCveulo samuSaos.
verc ki amCnevs, ofli rom Camosdis
wurwuriT pirisaxeze, akvanSi mwoliare Cvili rom ginaxavT, imaze ufro
sevdiani gamometyveleba aqvs. o, ra
pirquSia! Sen aq saidan gaCndi, ucxoelo? momeci neba, Segexo im xeliT,
romliTac cocxlebs iSviaTad vexebi
_ mecodineba mainc rac ar unda iyos,
rogor moviqce. es Seni Tma saukeTesoa maT Soris, rac me odesme minaxavs
da aba vin gaTamamdeba ase da vin ityvis, rom me ar vici kargi Tmis fasi?
_ ra ginda Cemgan, ver xedav, saflavs vTxri _ lomi ar unda gaaRiziano, vidre Tavis saqmes ar morCeba. ar
icodi? awi gecodineba, Tu ar icodi... midi, ho, midi, aisrule Seni wadili...
_ is, rac axla TrTis Cems xelSi
da mec ase maTrTolebs, xeliT roca vexebi, xorcia ueWvelad, wyali ar
gauva amas, cxadia, ese igi, es da ar
aris sizmari. vin xar mainc, vin, ase
rom gamoide Tavi da Cems magivrad
Txri axla ager am saflavs, maSin, roca me TiTs TiTze ar vakareb, TiTqos
vinme uqnara da zarmaci viyo? axla
Zilis droa an imisi droa, rom dasveneba mecnierebas Seswiro msxverplad, is droa, roca yvela Sin aris
da aravin ar tovebs kars Rias qurdebis SiSiT. yvela Tavis oTaxSi iketeba da ukeTess verc verafers ver
iqms maSin, rodesac bnelSi danTqmul
buxris Crdils jer kidev ZaluZs, Tavisi simxurvalis narCenebiT gaaTbos
oTaxi. Sen ara, Sen ase ar iqcevi, Seni
Tavadi lotreamoni
129
_ Cemken, Cemken _ Sinisaken! vinc ar
unda iyo: kacis mkvleli, romelsac
sapniT xelis dabana dagaviwyda imis
mere, rac Caidine da amitom umalve
imxilebi, rogorc ki xelebze dagxedaven, Zma, romelmac da dakarge, Tu
Senive samefodan gandevnili mefe, Cemi WeSmaritad rom ukidegano sasaxle imsaxurebs Seni miRebis pativs.
ar aris es sasaxle margalitebiTa da
Zvirfasi qvebiT nagebi, erTi ubralo
qoxia da meti araferi, magram Zalian didi warsuli aqvs da awmyoc sul
im warsuls uxangrZlivebs da uxangrZlivebs. laparaki rom SeeZlos,
Senc ki gagakvirvebda _ imas, visi gakvirvebac, rogorc me axla meCveneba,
SeuZlebelia. vin icis, ramdenjer minaxavs imasTan _ im warsulTan _ erTad
es kuboebi da am kuboebSi moTavsebuli es Zvlebi, _ Wiebisagan im karze
ufro gamoWmuli, romelsac me viyavi
xolme am dros miyrdnobili. Cems auracxel qveSevrdomTa ricxvi dRiTi
dRe izrdeba da izrdeba sul, Tvlac
ar mWirdeba, maTi ricxvis zrda rom
davinamdvilo. aqac isevea yvelaferi,
rogor cocxlebSi _ yvela imis Sesabamis gadasaxads ixdis, rogorc sacxovrissac irCevs. wuwuraqi Tu gamoereva vinme da uars ityvis Tavis wilxvedrze, mec iseve viqcevi, rogor sasamarTlos aRmasruleblebi iqcevian.
karg sadils daxarbebul turebsa
da svavebs, xom, aba ra dalevs?! vinRa ar minaxavs aq sikvdilis droSis
qveS Camwkrivebuli: isic, vinc odesRac lamazi iyo da arc sicocxlis
mere ar dauSnoebula; kacic, qalic,
maTxovaric, ufliswulic, ymawvilur
vnebaTa namcvrevi yvela; moxucebulTa ConCxebic; sibrZnec, sigiJec, sizarmacec, Sromismoyvareobac; isic,
vinc tyuoda da isic, vinc marTali
iyo; ampartavnobis niRabica da Tavmdablobac morCilebisa; yvavilebis
axali Targmanebi
130
gvirgviniT morTuli biwierebac d
gayiduli umankoebac...
_ ara, ra Tqma unda, me ar vambob
uars im sarecelze, romelsac Sen
mTavazob, Semefereba me es sareceli
manam, vidre iriJraJebdes, gariJraJi
ki, vici, ar daigvianebs. madlobeli
var Seni... kargi sanaxavia, mesaflavev, qalaqTa nangrevebi, magram adamianTa nangrevebi mainc gacilebiT ufro kargi sanaxavia!
wurbelis Zma neli nabijiT daiareboda tyeSi, sveneb-svenebiT daiareboda, drodadro piri rom gaeRo
da rame eTqva, magram, rogorc ki xmis
amoRebas daapirebda, maSinve yeli
ekumSeboda da piri uSreboda, enaze
momdgari sityva ara da ar amosdioda
piridan. iyvira bolos: _ mdinareSi
damxrCval ZaRls rom dainaxav, adamiano _ napirze gamoriyuls _ nu ecemi
umalve yvelasaviT, daniT nu daeZgerebi misi leSis gaberil mucels da
matlebs nu amosxam iqidan, Torem im
ZaRlze ukeTesi arafriT aRar iqnebi mere. ras eZeb mainc, ra saidumlo
ginda gaigo aseTi? sicocxlis am saidumlos Sen ki ara, verc me ver gavuge
veraferi da verc yinulovani okeanis binadarma zRvis lomma ver gaugo.
frTxilad iyavi, sadacaa daRamdeba.
dilas aqeT rom daexetebi aq ase ugzo-ukvlod ras ityvis Seni ojaxi da
Seni patara da, ase gvian rom miuxval
Sin? daibane Cqara xelebi da daadeqi
im gzas, romelic iq midis, sadac Sen
unda daiZino... is raRa sulieria neta, ager iq, Sors, ase uSiSrad da ase
gandagan rom moxtunavs Cemken _ egzom ampartavani da tanjuli? naTeli
Tvalebi aqvs TiTqos, magram metismetad Rrma aris misi mzera. veeberTela wamwamebsac ise afrebiviT afaxulebs, TiTqos misi arc iyos. Tvals
Tavadi lotreamoni
131
naSTo im ukvdavi gonebisa, raica aseTi siyvaruliT Seqmna RmerTma! Sen
ara Segiqmnia ra Tvinier wyevlisa _
mSieri afTris kbilTa RrWenis msgavsisa. mirCevnia, sulac ar mqondes quTuToebi, ar mqondes xelebi da fexebi, mirCevnia, kaci myavdes mokluli, oRond ar viyo is, rac Sena xar.
mZulxar da imitom! risi maqnisia es
amodena RvarZli? ra uflebiT xar
mosuli am miwaze? vin mogca ufleba,
sasacilod rom igdeb yvelas, vinc aq
cxovrobs, Se dampalo, Se urwmunoTa rCeulo! Tavi Tu ar mogwons, wadi iq, saidanac mosulxar! qalaqels
ra unda sofelSi, sadac ucxoa? Cven
xom viciT, rom caTa Sina Cvensaze gacilebiT ufro didi sivrceebic aris
da im sulTa goniereba CvenTvis miuwvdomelia, _ hoda, wadi iq, gaecale
amqveyniur ukuRmarTobas! gamoaCine bolos da bolos Seni RvTaebrivi
arseba, rasac ase guldagul malav,
amaRldi cad, Cven sulac ar SegvSurdeba Seni, Se ampartavano, Sen! me,
ager, isic ki ver gamigia, adamiani xar
Sen Tu raRaca ufro meti? aba, mSvidobiT, nu geqneba imisi imedi, rom
odesme kidev gadaeyrebi sadme gombeSos. Cemi sikvdilis mizezi Sen xar me
maradisobas vuerTdebi, Seni codvebi
rom gamovisyido.
axali Targmanebi
132
mcire monakveTSi rom SemogTavazoT
isic. gamouCndeba mecxramete saukunis miwuruls Tavisi poeti _ imTaviTve SedevriT ver daiwyebda, cxadia,
bunebis kanons unda damorCileboda.
amerikis sanapirozea igi dabadebuli
_ iq, sadac mdinare plata iRebs saTaves da sadac ori uxsovari droidan samkvdro-sasicocxlod gadakidebuli xalxi axla erTimeores ejibreba, nivTier da zneobriv progress
gamodevnebuli. samxreTis dedofali
buenos-airesi da kopwia montevideo
megobrulad uwvdian erTimeores
xels am mdinaris gaRma-gamoRmidan,
magram maradiuli omis imperias kudi
frangulidan Targmna
mamuka cecxlaZem
n ixail
m akerbai
MIXA
LAKRBA
stumari
Fcfc
133
134
moxuci gareT gavida, gaixed-gamoixeda da raki darwmunda, aRaravin
Canda, ukan facxaSi Semobrunda da
qvevidan SeekiTxa:
_ ar SeSinde, Svilo, aravin Cans,
albaT, aravis Seuxednia SenTvis, rom
Cems ezoSi gadmoxti. ise ki miTxari,
ratom gdevnian da vin aris Seni mdevari. ra daaSave, rom mokvlas gipireben?
_ kaci Semomakvda, misi megobrebi
damedevnen, Suri undaT iZion.
_ risTvis mokali kaci?
_ Seuracxyofa momayena. doRis
dros Cems cxens maTraxi gadauWira.
_ vin aris mokluli, saxeli ar ici?
_ ar vici, me xom Tqvens sofelSi
pirvelada var.
am dros ZaRlma gabmiT daiwyo yefa da oriveni gaCumdnen.
_ Cumad, me waval, davaTvaliereb.
_ wynarad Tqva moxucma da ezoSi gavida.
Sors, gorakis wverze ramdenime
kaci gamoCnda. ukan xalxi mosdevda.
moxucma, mzisTvis Tvali rom aeridebina, Sublze xeli miifara da iqiT
gaixeda. axla aSkarad Canda, rom isini misi saxlisaken modiodnen. xalxi
nela, mZime nabijiT moZraobda. ramdenad mis facxas uaxlovdebodnen,
xalxis raodenobac izrdeboda.
_ eseni, albaT, amisTvis modian,
mkvlels eZeben. _ gaifiqra man da
mTeli Zal-Rone moikriba, raTa daecva stumari.
magram es ra aris?! oriode kaci
win wamovida, xalxs gamoeyo, dawinaurda, ezos WiSkari gamoaRes da SigniT Semovidnen. Tan xalxi Semohyva.
ezo aivso.
axla moxucma naTlad dainaxa, rom
maT xeliT raRac nabadSi Sexveuli
mohqondaT.
moxuci adgilze gaSeSda. nabads
daaCerda Tu ara ise Seirxa, TiTqos
mis moxuc guls xanjali moxvedrodes sasikvdilod. xalxs TeTrwvera
moxuci aSviu abidJi gamoeyo. aSviu
mixail lakerbai
Mixa Lakrba
misi toli kaci iyo da ojaxis Zveli megobari. man mokrZalebiT, naRvlianad Sexeda maspinZels da wynarad
Tqva:
_ Zala moikribe, xanaSe! gamagrdi, dRes Sen didi da Zlieri mwuxareba dagatyda Tavze. magram gana
amqveynad aris iseTi Zala, romelic
dros ar Seenelebinos da daesustebinos?! TviTon Sen giswavlebia CvenTvis: `Zlieri xasiaTis kaci did Wirs
aitans, did mwuxarebas gauZlebso~.
dRes kacTsaZulvelma Cerqezma Seni
Temiri mokla!
moxucs muxli moekveTa. man kankaliT waivlo gulze xeli da waiqceoda kidec, rom xalxs ar daeWira.
qalebis wivil-kivilma ezo aaforiaqa.
ori dRe-Rame esvena xis loginze
Svilis gaciebuli cxedari. sxvadasxva mizeziT ramdenjerme avida moxuci Tavanze. akankalebuli xeliT da
naRvliani saxiT mihqonda axalgazrda
WabukTan ulufa. mesame dRes daasaflaves Tu ara Temiri, misi megobrebi
moxucTan erTad dabrundnen ezoSi.
SuaRamemde isxdnen isini moxucTan.
Semdeg ki gulmokluli kacisTvis
marto mosveneba rom ecdiaT, gamoemSvidobnen.
_ Cven viciT, _ Tqva erTma maTganma, Temiris tolma da yvelaze sayvarelma megobarma, _ yvelani erTad ver
SegicvliT Sens Temirs, Sens Svils,
magram Cven SenTan erTad gaviziarebT
am saerTo mwuxarebas. yoveldRe SenTan movalT, TiTqos Temiri cocxali
gvyavdes, yvelani mogexmarebiT, yvelani mogeferebiT.
misi sityvebi axla sazeimod da
mtkiced ismoda ezoSi.
_ sityvas gaZlevT, _ daumata meorem, _ rom Surs viZiebT. marTalia,
moxerxebulad daimala is Cerqezi,
Tvals da xels Sua gagviZvra tyeSi,
SeiZleba sadRac sul axlos aris,
albaT, viRaca malavs kidec, magram
male movZebniT mas, male gaigeb, mo-
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Lsplsheflf?
- Ef8ums lbplshefv - lffhfums
cqffy> f[f-b]`bn lf-f fh9scr.- Fo`s
lbwys lytbpfh fr`[fg f[f> fc fw`umfhf
fybe> lyfpufpums b[s bhpjv> lf]ptbksvrffbn.
- Yfc tbvfhrpb psh]`f?
- Bpkfh]`fp fkf> tbvfhrsp eb feg>
-)tvsh fi`ef b-s lfcbn 7fvxskf. Eb
[msvo/ lec b9[mfotbn fi`ef
- Tbkrffeg im0f ptumstbkrffeg>b]`tbn }fyfi` ltb[f9cs.
{f[f- [svi f9cs ls6`sy fw`fh0/`s>
lshq`sejy>
[f[f- [svi
fo`ums
bvsh,fr`f fafn`b fob y[fufkfys bb0jy
}fyfi` f0efy b6`n`fp bcfc. F9imsvi
fps> f9cs lsh;sy> feff fytbvgs> )
tvsh b6`kfw`f b8spw`f }fyfi` byfbim0fktbn f8ys7f.
F9chf b6`i`fylfp e,hb fi`ef!
F,hf \mfhf f,yf b-tb0bn b-sq`f[ys
ln`jeg Fv8f6`f ]rbn> ]fb[f8jbn>
b9iffhf ]f=eg bf[mf,fkfrm> f[f
lf]9s[mfi`jv vfrmfyf>- b]`bn hefo`s.
- Lw`shqsg> lf,fwfhb! - b]`bn
lf-fo`ums. - Eb im0f efhf beyf0j
136
xuco, mis sikvdils. es cnoba, albaT,
mcired mainc Segimsubuqebs mwuxarebas da dagamSvidebs.
am sityvebis Semdeg Temiris megobrebi wavidnen.
moxuci marto darCa.
naRveliT savse Tvalebi moavlo
garemos. xom aravin aris axlomaxloo, gaifiqra, mere mivida, xurjini
CamoiRo, msuye saWmeliT aavso, kibe
Tavanze midga da Cerqez Wabuks dauZaxa:
_ CamobrZandi, stumaro, CamobrZandi. aq aRaravin aris, yvelani wavidnen.
roca stumari kibeze Camococda,
moxucma aTrTolebuli xeliT gauwoda xurjini.
_ waiRe, _ uTxra man, _ aq ori dRis
sagzali devs. saxlisaken iCqare, Svilo, tyiT axlosaa gadasasvleli. axla bneli Rameebia, veravin daginaxavs.
nela daxara Tavi stumarma, nela
miitana tuCebTan moxucis Coxis kalTa, mokrZalebiT eambora mas, sityvis
uTqmelad gavida facxidan da sibneleSi gaqra.
Targmna m. asaTianma
u ristan
n axauri
Nhbcnfy
Vf[fehb
mixail lakerbais novela
`stumari~ da misi literaturul-folkloruli
paralelebi
137
138
realurad momxdari romeli ambavi
daudo safuZvlad avtorma Cvens mier gansaxilvel novelas, cnobili ar
aris, Tumca afxazuri stumarmaspinZlobis dasaxasiaTeblad mkvlevari
Salva inal-ifa imowmebs erT gadmocemas, romelic TiTqmis mTlianad emTxveva mixeil lakerbais am novelis
Sinaarss, magram misi Caweris dro,
adgili da mTqmeli miTiTebuli ar
aris, rac Zalian samwuxaroa da literaturuli nawarmoebis folkloruli wyaros Sesaxeb srul informacias ver gvawvdis. ai, es amonaridic:
gadmocemiT, romeliRac xalxmraval
zeimze, doRSi Sejibris dros, orni
waiCxubnen, erTma mokla meore da gaiqca. mdevrebisagan TavdasaRwevad
mkvleli Sevarda pirvelive ezoSi,
yvelaferi uambo maspinZels, rac Caidina da sTxova, daecva misi sicocxle. moxucs didxans ar ufiqria, maSinve gadamala stumari saimedo adgilas. amis Semdeg male missave ezoSi
Semodis samgloviaro procesia da
SemoaqvT misi Svilis gasisxlianebuli cxedari. rogorc irkveoda, misi
Svili mokluli iyo im adamianis mier, romelic man es-es aris damala da
ixsna SurisZiebisgan. roca micvalebuli damarxes da yvelani wavidnen
Tav-TavianT saxlebSi, ubedurma mamam
samalavidan gamoiyvana mkvleli, uCvena mas uxifaTo gza da gauSva saxlSi. Sen mohkali Cemi erTaderTi vaJiSvili, _ uTxra man, _ magram Seni
sicocxle me momande, gaxdi Cemi stumari da me ar SemiZlia fexqveS gavTelo stumarmaspinZlobis wesi. gCuqni
sicocxles, wadi, sanam Cems mogvareebs ar SeumCnevixar. amis Semdeg aRarsad gadameyaro!(inal-ifa 1965: 430).
..
raki dokumentur wyaros ar asaxelebs, iqmneba STabeWdileba, TiTqos inal-ifa yveba mixeil lakerbais
novelis Sinaarss. arsebobs Tqmulebis meore variantic, romelic ar-
tristan maxauri
Nhbcnfy Vf[fehb
139
b7fp bzr`sy pfq`s b9cs,f8 hsvfys. Fyf8c bilsh[fp bzr`sy lsimsp>
bbq`f[sp fcfc bfrey > eb fkf fimfehf
lf[bh9tbn. F9cs fysi` lfyfh0f feff
ptums hs8ys7f6`f bfytksq ffvim0f[m>
f,u`f7 bq`f[ys bvfp bcfc lff8ybufy> bbh,bn bi`fh0fvp fv8f> b8ys7f
lfeb;m0bn. Efhf lseimbn cfhf cszr`sy
- b]`bn bfhf> f[f efhf cfhf csu`hf
ufys e9c0fpffhf cyfgs bfyeqbn> cscfc
efr`[bn> cfhf bcskijv fcfclrskfhfn`
]f9cef qsc6`f htbkfufhf> f9c0fpffhf
ef0`fcimjbn ewf> cs;`kfeff eh,ffyof.
F,hb byfhrys \mfhf ecs6`svi`ffbn!
(Byfkb9f 1$!5 i. 4%3).
Fljrevtynn` [sq[sh0f f[mfh,fv
fps b7jeg fu`ffyfufhf> Byfkb9f> Vb[f
Kfrh,f byjdtkkf fqfrs tb0tb]`ji`f.
B7`jeg f]`fv0f f8,fn`b fdfhbfynums>
eb Fhneh Fyi,tb> Dkflbvth Lfhcfkbtb hsi`7`s f7ys bffh9ieg. Ef bfyqje 1$!$ is6`cf> yfy]`f vpf U`lj0f
fhfbjy f6s0f L`hs9im by[j R`synf
N`fy,f b7ysn` bhf]fp feg. Fhb f]`fv0f
byf6`sh9iys> f,hsu bzr`sy lspimsp
f0fefl Fvfhimfy bfeg. F0fefl b[msvo/
bimtbn f-sh8hf f7ys y[f8sr b[skq
lf[mbffbp fps> eb fps]`fy f-s8 b-s
f7fvxs f[bh7mtbn> fh9sc b-s bff[fp
f7fvxs fps]`fy f0fefl b-s lfkbh88bn.
Flumsk b6`]fp f0fefl bnfgfyxf ff0b[sy
bfhf efq`7mf lbimbn f,hsu Wsu`,f
b[skq> fbkf8synhf b7fkfp b[`s bfbh[`fy
fe8imhf pep ls,yfkbn. Bimf6`sh/`/`je
fi`7`s fdnjhw`f f]`fv0f ptums ffhujv. Eh0 fws9q`fhf[6`f h[s bfh[`fys
f,hsu b[sv8f9ufimf bfkfw`f;`jbn.
Fhb fvf0`f[` bif]`fp fkf f,hsu b8ys
lblbrsktbn bzr`sy lspimsp> fcfclrskfhfn` fqfc ptums ytbuotbn> lfysyfcrmtbujpums fu`s-fyqfhf bb0bn>
bp,fypfh bimfehf bfhf blys lffy[jy.
F=f9swn` h=bfv0fkf> f;`kfh h7ys
tb0fh]`jy f[0sc> f,hsu tumb bzr`syb>
bf,bfimtb
b7fhqfp
fash[fqfhfn`
fimjehf>eb fyfuofhf frsh ffv0f fvubn.
Eb bfpu`f0fys byfuofy> fimhf pep tcyfum b[s fi`fh0f b0fuskfys b,fhw fps
140
debuli iyo sicocxlec ki gaewira
stumris gulisTvis, gindac mosisxle
mteri hyoloda saxlSi. am sakiTxs
cota mogvianebiT kidev davubrundebiT, axla ki unda aRvniSnoT, rom
lakerbais novelas paralelebi moepoveba qarTul literaturasa da
folklorSi. literaturidan davasaxelebT vaJa-fSavelas ukvdav poemas
stumar-maspinZeli, xolo folkloridan baladas Siola da mTrexeli.
vaJas poema 1893 wliT TariRdeba da
masSi qistebisa (vainaxuri modgmis
xalxi) da xevsurebis patriarqaluri
sazogadoebis fonze iSleba moqmedeba, xolo Siola da mTrexeli meCvidmete saukunis realur istoriul
ambavs gadmogvcems.
vaJa-fSavelas poemaSi qistma joyola alxastaisZem saxlSi istumra xevsuri kaci, romelic misi Zmis
mkvleli aRmoCnda. joyolam es ambavi
TanamoZme qistebisagan Seityo, magram
radganac zviadauri ukve misi stumari iyo, joyola Tanasoflel qistebs
misi mokvlis saSualebas ar aZlevda:
dRes stumaria eg Cemi,
Tund zRva emarTos sisxlisa (vaJa
1964: 217).
am dapirispirebis dros joyolam
erTi Tanamemamulec mokla, magram
qistebma is SeboWes, stumari zviadauri ki waiyvanes da TavianTi mkvdris
_ darlas saflavze dakles. tradiciuli SexedulebiT, qistebs undodaT,
is darlasTvis SeewiraT, saiqioSi misi mosamsaxure gaexadaT, magram es
ver moaxerxes, radgan zviadauri ar
gatyda, qedi ar moixara mtris winaSe.
qistebi rom eubnebodnen: darlasamc
Seewirebio, zviadauri pasuxobda:
ZaRl iyos Tqveni mkvdrisada! misma gmirulma sikvdilma qistebi Rrmad
Caafiqra da aTqmevina: kargi vaJkaci
yofila. vaJas poema amiT ar mTavrdeba, magram Cven jerjerobiT aq SevaCerebT yuradRebas, raki stumris
miRebisa da misi gadarCenis mcdelo-
tristan maxauri
Nhbcnfy Vf[fehb
141
f6mscnw`f bh0f[`sy> eb Lfhkf b9cs lfh0fh> yshw` eb bvfqe8sc lbvfpfhw fps>
f[f eb fyfuofhf hsksvitbn> bp,fypfh Pdbflfehb b-hbv0bn> limfv[sisvusktbn
bf/f b=f9[mf. F6mscnw`f eb bfybfh]`jp
Lfhkf b9cs ef]0jbn Pdbflfehb f0fr
7fbqjy: I`s9cs fkf6`f lshn`[ffbn
! Eb bash[fqfhfkf b9chf f6mscnw`f
frsh bfh[`swbn> bfumlyfh]`bn fhb
lash[fqf ,pbfy. Df;f bgjtvf fhf7f
byq`jv f[f ]fhf vfrmfysp fhf ]ffyuskbn> bp,fypfh fcfc blrskfhtb eb
b[mxfhtb> bt6`sh[fhtb fps bv8f9uje
ftgbpjl f=ksv]fhf f]0fg. |mj7jkf bcfc
lbpsv[mxtbn> f[f eb bimhfps bffefp
u`fh0fr feff bhtb]`bn> fcfclrskfhfn`
hlbyqfc6`f itbkfhujp fn`s I`sp=e
pfr`b? b,;ms bhutb:
Lpscfclf if[fkf b=fi`]`j?
Bptbkf;`ujptb b]fvje fqfc6`f>
C[s f]`syq`s pf6`si`0`jb? (Df;f
1$!4 i. 215)
|mj7jkf bf;`f[`s fkf f[fn`s
flbyqfc6`f hs0os 9sh-bn (fbfif)>
h6mf,p6`f h[fi0bn (pscfc lsp0b[mflf>
f6msc0w`f h7ys bfy,f7fkf[mje f,hb
tb9i?) fkfvsclfhf 7fqbn> b0ffw`f hsgfne [sb-bn.
Feff;`kfhn`
,fkkflf
Imbjktb> V0ht[tkb f7ys b]`jeg ?eleifehb lspimsp fef8 Imbjkf> vfi`shkf>
bpsvlshr`f bbimsp bf]`imf ks8ys
lytbn>
f9i`vf
9]`sc
lks]`tbn
lks]mxfhw>
lskq`f[shw
cf]`imf
cs,psvq`f[hb ? <fimf b9cs> w6mf[ffbn?
f9]`sc k[fqf f8ys ls7fvp> eb f0fuskfpffimf f9rshf kyf0jy f9]`sc k[fqf
blf fn`sv ef8s f8ys blrskfhf. F[f
feflf8hf bf6`i`fp fef8s bim8w`f bim0fy> eb fi`fh0f fp9[mfu`f0fys f9]`sc
f;`fr v]`fr`f lskq`f[bn. Vfz fyqs
fim0f[m blsh[tbn> bkq`f[`sp kfimf
u`frmf lspimsp ibfr`sp. F9]`sc fcfclrskfhfn` fqfc tbkfvu`fr`f fimfehfp
bim0fp feff ?eleifehff (bfimw`tb>
bf,bfimw`tb) hf[m f]`fhfkf k[s ksh[tbn
: B7fkjpfh eb li`svimsy> csefw`f
142
Tebulma Zmebma ar ismines qalis vedreba da saxlis sakvamurSi nasroli
isriT moukles stumari. qali ganrisxda. jer mokluli stumari gaapatiosna da Tvalcremlianma gaacila
Tavis mxareSi _ xevsureTSi misi cxedari. Semdeg, roca qmari dabrunda
nadirobidan, colma yvelaferi uambo
da kategoriulad mosTxova stumris
sisxli aeRo. qmari jer Tavidan yoymanobda, magram bolos, colis daJinebuli moTxovniT, iZulebuli gaxda
moekla erT-erTi colisZma. sisxlis
aRebis jaWvuri xazi gagrZelda da am
mkvlelobas kidev sam-sami kacis sikvdili mohyva rogorc qalis qmris,
ise misi Zmebis _ RuduSaurebis mxridan.
samive Sesadarebel nawarmoebs
axasiaTebs tipologiuri msgavseba.
Tema erTia, magram siuJeti sxvadasxvanairad viTardeba da, Sesabamisad,
gansxvavebulia maTi finalic. gansaxilvel nawarmoebTa personaJebi kavkasielebi arian (lakerbais novelaSi:
afxazi da Cerqezi, vaJas poemaSi: qistebi da qarTveli zviadauri, Siola da mTrexelis baladaSi: qarTveli mTielebi _ moxeveebi da xevsuri).
stumarTan urTierTobisas isini xelmZRvaneloben sakuTari Temobrivi
adaTebiT. es adaTebi ki Zalian hgvanan erTmaneTs. samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom saukuneTa
wiaRSi Camoyalibebuli stumarmaspinZlobis instituti mTeli kavkasiis
mosaxleobisTvis universaluri movlena iyo da stumris mkvleloba an
Seuracxyofa adaTiTa da CveulebiTi
samarTliT kavkasiis yvela xalxSi
sisxl-mesisxleobas eqvemdebareboda
(baxia 2010: 170).
xsenebul nawarmoebebSi erTmaneTs
upirispirdeba
stumarmaspinZlobisa da sisxlis aRebis adaTebi da am
dapirispirebaSi stumarmaspinZloba
imarjvebs. qarTuli andaza stumars
RvTis kacad sTvlis: stumari RvTi-
tristan maxauri
Nhbcnfy Vf[fehb
143
Fhf
bfh,je
f9qfv0f6`f
h7ys
tb=fuskjbn fcfclrskfhtb> fimfehfn`
flf0qf6`tb> fh0 fb=fuskfhf6`f h7ys
fcfclrskfhf fbffbhf fujbn. F6sh0ef
f;`f97fkf fcfc fyw`f lbef8eg ]`f
ls9[mfojeg: fcfc fyw`f lbn`eg! >
f,fc bhs9[mfojbn f9ceffums. Ifkdf
Byfkb9f b8etbn: f9ceff hu`ffyfufhfkf
fyw`f b[f0fums bkijvpn fcfclrskfhf
fqfc fbkfufhf. F]`fv0f : efhf ecfceg ]fpifp b7ysn`> efhf fyw`f ebcfceg> f,fh06`f ptums bf]yfh,jbn f;`sn`
f[is8hfkf f9i`vf blbrskfp fcfc
fef8s b[mxfhf eb lfh,sypffkfum fo`s
brmschf fpby bb0jvpn. E,hb fps fr`sy
fw`umf8w`f h[s f[mxfhfps [sqfrsh0fc
fys[f6`tb> fef[efvf6`tb pfksh[jpums.
(Byfkb9f 1$!5 i.431).
F6sh0ef fajkmrkjh f7ys bf]f,fh
]fkijbn Bdfytehb> ef7f f[tdceh
Bdfytehb lbimn f9ifd &fhntekbot> bfhums l[`ebn> f9ifdw`f hys]`fh0f6`f
hefrs f7ys Wf,feh0n`b fvffkf6m
[flf fef[`fvf=> fefhfihish0f f0s9
f7ys b-bq`f[bn. Fhb f6s0f f7ys
by[jp fash[fw`f> fys]`fh0f f[m fytbhf hpsu`f/efvpn. E,hb f7ysn` lf-f
6s0fr f7ysn` lffhubn fimehfps fashqf
{jiehfekb> eb fu`yf]fhf b6`bqbn
fys]`fh0f ls8yfkfys> ef7f p-spq`f[sp
fcfc lbimbn. Fvffks6m [flf lu`fvqbn>
{jiehfekbff h[sfkqim0hf bf6`bqtbn>
tccsis6`cfn`b f9cf0fn` fimhf > eh0
hf,im0hf b7fhqfp fu`yf]fhf fvifkf.
F,hb f9cf0fn` fimhf bf[mfums byfhuojbn {jiehfekbff hs;`kf.
F,fkkflf
f7ys
Imbjktb>
V0ht[tkbb> Imbjkf lspimsp V0ht[tkb
b[s f[mxfhfp F[fkws[mn`b Fw6mfw`f
ptums> Fyw`flps[ifp fef[`fvf f[m
lytbn b-bq`f[shw> f[f fef[efvf fi`
fhrsy> eb ffvsim0f[m feg f-sq`f[hfp
ef7f ffbu`fhf by[jp f9]`sc lfyfks]`f>
kfhums lskq`f[bn> eb ptums efvfi`f
bh,bn> fhb fcfc bkq`f[sp kfimf lspimsp bfrey.
^fh0kbc w[jdht,f f7ysn` blsheg
144
magram iqac Seucvivdnen mdevarni da
sakurTxevelTan dakles igi. xalxuri gadmocemebidan da werilobiTi
wyaroebidan msgavsi magaliTebis motana Zalian Sors wagviyvans, erTi ki
unda aRvniSnoT, rom salocavSi Tu
kerZo ojaxSi TavSefarebuli stumari, tradiciuli gagebiT, Tumca xeluxlebelia (da xSir SemTxvevaSi gadarCenilic), magram SurismaZiebeli
adamianebi mainc arRveven am sauflo
wess da swored es iwvevs mkveTr dapirispirebas sazogadoebaSi. aseTi dapirispireba yvelaze mZafrad igrZnoba vaJas poemaSi stumar-maspinZeli.
gavixsenoT isev joyolas sityvebi;
rad stexT sauflo Cvens wessa, Tavs
lafs rad masxamT kokiTa? sisxlis
aRebis wyurviliT SemarTuli qistebi arafrad agdeben sauflo wess. es
Zalze aSfoTebs joyolas. Tavdapirvelad is mxolod Temis wess icavs,
am konkretul SemTxvevaSi stumarmaspinZlobas, azrovnebs da moqmedebs,
rogorc Cveulebrivi rigiTi meTeme, magram mis sulSi TandaTan iRviZebs pirovnuli sawyisebi, ikveTeba
misi individualuri me. roca zviadauris vaJkacobiT moxibluli da
namtiralevi aRaza qmars gamoutyda:
cremlebi Semiwiria im Seni megobrisadao, joyolam upasuxa: itire?!
madli giqnia, me ra gamge var magisa?
diacs mudamac uxdeba glova vaJkacis
kargisa (vaJa 1964 : 228). aq ukve sxva
joyola laparakobs, is aRar aris Cveulebrivi meTeme, is ukve pirovnebaa.
gamorCeuli pirovnebaa agreTve aRaza da misi folkloruli tyupiscali,
Siola RuduSauris da, vinc sakuTar
ZmasaviT dastiris Zmis mkvlel mTrexels: RmerTma gacxonas, mTrexelo,
stumaro, Cems saxlSi daxarjulo!
(SaniZe 1931: 337). joyola da aRaza
TemTan mkveTrad dapirispirebuli
pirovnebebia, Temis adaTebze da yoveldRiur cxovrebaze amaRlebuli
adamianebi. maT amaRlebas simbolu-
tristan maxauri
Nhbcnfy Vf[fehb
145
bffbh9ijbn Df;f> yshw` eh0 Pdbflfehb bfyb6`i`j tb0f[ fash[fqfhfps
bh]`jbn : tb,fvimshw fps> fcfcb>
f9i`vfhtb fqfcb> bfytb,slshhfkfum
ft]`imf - ftimfhtb ffyums (Df;f
1$!4i. 23!).
Vb[f Kfrh,f byjdtkkf f7ys f[f=htb>
feff;`kfhb
hs,;mfhf
tb=fuskfhf
e,fojv. Fhf7f fb=fuskfhf fef8s bfhf
b[fkf b[sb> b8yeq7fn`b tbkrffhtb
tb=fuskjbn. Fhb fef8s }fyfi` Wsu`,f
bjeg. Eb bu`sb> b[is8b tb,fajbn fcfc
b[mxfhtb> fimfehtb hs,;mfhf: F,fh
bf9[ms ls6`eg b[skq lsimys> eb
lspimsp f0efy f7ys lq`f[ys lbvjeg.
F, 8vwfr hs,;mfhf luskjeg. B7fbqfhb> bcfc lhb0fhsvf ? )tbvsh b8spw`f
bfhf bib,j ltb7`sh;`;`fetbn> eb
lspimsp fxth6`fp bfhf bcfc. Eb ,fif
fimfehf fre[jbn> eb f,hsu lps6`i`fp
fu`f7hf rffvt0> f7ys frums f9cf[efv.
{fyfi` Wsu`,f bcf[mfhrshfn` [`f=s
fb6`shi`fhf
ffy
Vb[f
Kfrh,f
flf0qfc6`f ec hskf6`f [8fys fyfupfhtb> fimfehf bfim0fpb frevpn bynbhtcc bvfp> eb lpsim0fp fu`s]fkfkhtb>
f0fvpffhtb hskf bfkerffifp fef8s bjeg.
Fyfcs9u`f7hfkf p[skq lime f, fx]fhf
/`/`f bffbh9ijbn> [msolekf bys7`bujbn
lps6`i`fp fu`f7hf. F,hsu fc tb9i
b[sv8f9ufimtb> [msokf bys7`fhtb fcfc
bu`s f7ysums fvtnfvfhajpf ffyfh9ijbn. Eb ,fif ;mskfw`fkf tb6`[fp bfreofv> lje]fkfums lf-fo`ys f,hsu b8ys
ffyb;mbn: B[s fimimf]f bktbh7`bn
fcfc>
fimimf]f
lysimfv[siuskfy
f,hsu br`sv;`s frfk0 b6msi` byflbrskfy lfu`obn> f;`fr v]`fref f9fw[f
lsyl`skqbn>
fkfimwfhf
b-tb0bn.
Fcfc fc tb9i f[sv8f9ufhfkf b7fbqfp
lf[m[`bn> f,hsu bu`s]fkfkhfums fgfne
f6`bqbn. Bfhf f,hb feg f[f=hf frf0fhpbc.
Vb[f Kfrh,f b[mo9if fps b]`fn`eg>
eb bf9bqtbn Df;f (ifdtkb bgjtvf psyofums tb9isv fcbe;tn> b7fp
fkbnthfnehfn` fyshhf lfdcys> bfk-
146
Tari mrwamsi. igi mSobliuri xalxis yofa-cxovrebis, tradiciis, zepirsityvierebis nimuSebis mxatvrul
damuSavebas Seudga alal-marTali
Semoqmedis gulwrfelobiT, sindisnamusianobis Rrma grZnobiT (WurRulia 1983: 209). man novelaSi wina
planze daayena adamianuroba da amiT
samaxsovro Zegli daudga afxazi kacis pirovnul Rirsebas _ alamiss.
gamoyenebuli literatura
1. anSba 1979: artur anSba, vladimer darsalia, mixeil lakerbai (SemoqmedebiTi portreti), alaSara,
soxumi, 1979 (rusul enaze).
2. baxia 2010: salome baxia-oqruaSvili, afxazTa eTnologia, universali, Tb., 2010.
3. vaJa 1964: vaJa-fSavela, Txzulebani, t. III, sabWoTa saqarTvelo
Tb., 1964.
4. inal-ifa 1965: Salva inalifa, afxazebi, alaSara, soxumi, 1965
(rusul enaze).
5. lakerbai 2012:
mixeil lakerbai, alamisi (afxazuri novelebi),
literaturis muzeumi, Tb., 2012.
6. qapba 1984: ruslan qapba, mixeil lakerbai, merani, Tb., 1984.
7. SaniZe 1931: akaki SaniZe, xalxuri poezia, I, xevsuruli, saxelgami, tf., 1931.
8. WurRulia 1983: oTar WurRulia, qarTul-afxazuri literaturul-kulturuli urTierTobani, nakaduli, Tb., 1983.
wignebi recenziebi
{ aza
b bzianiZe
dakarguli identobis ZiebaSi
(minawerebi zaza firaliSvilis wignze `qarTuli kaleidoskopi~)
kaleidoskopi _ Cveni Taobis bavSvobis ganuyofeli atributi: WuWrutana Seni survilisamebr cvalebad,
feradovan samyaroSi, gancvifrebisa
da aRtacebis wyaro... vin ifiqrebda,
rom mravali wlis Semdeg metaforad
gardasaxul am uwyinar saTamaSos mwared dafiqrebulni gadavdebT gverdze, radgan mis jadosnur naWvretSi
amjerad Cvenive xelSewyobiT gamoZerwili sinamdvilis gulsatkeni da
SemaSfoTebeli suraTebi davinaxeT.
`qarTuli kaleidoskopi~
(mokrZalebuli moculobis miuxedavad)
_ Tavisi istoriul-literaturuli
retrospeqtiviT, Tavisi analitikuri
wvdomebiTa da ulmobeli daskvnebiT
ara mxolod zaza firaliSvilis, mTeli bolodroindeli qarTuli eseistikis erTi-erTi yvelaze seriozuli teqstia, romelsac, Cemi neba rom
iyos, humanitaruli da socialurpolitikuri fakultetebis studentTaTvis savaldebulo sakiTxav wignTa nusxaSi Sevitandi.
ra ar aris am wignSi: paTosi _ zeRirebuli ideebiT, Sesabamisi ritorikiT, kliSeebiTa da `istoriuli
fotoSopiT~; politika _ am sityvis
semantikur velze daxvavebuli nagav-
147
wignebi recenziebi
148
di konceptebis CamonaTvals swored
winaTqmaSi gagvandobs da gvekiTxeba:
`Cven, rogorc istoriis subieqtebs,
gvaqvs Tu ara is, rasac SegviZlia, daveyrdnoT? arsebobs Tu ara is RerZi,
romelic gaamarTlebda umZimes ramdenime saukunes, bolSevizmis aTwleulebs, damoukideblobis ocdaxuT
wels _ omebs, samoqalaqo dapirispirebas, teritoriebis dakargvas, xelisuflebaTa monacvleobas radikalur
da iracionalur ganwyobilebaTa fonze, adamianur msxverpls, mZime socialur garemosa da mravali adamianis
sulSi gabatonebul uimedobas~ (gv. 6).
am metaforul `RerZs~ sxvagvarad `nacionaluri identoba~ hqvia
da araa gasakviri, rom saukunovan
gzaze erovnuli identobis ganlevisa Tu gamococxlebis esoden Znelad
mosaxelTebeli niSnebis Tvalmidevneba ganapirobebs zaza firaliSvilis wignis diskurssac da warsulTan
Tu TanamedroveebTan misi dialogis
mTavar Temasac: `rogorc Cans, Cven
jerac ver vqmniT im Rirebul formebs, romlebSic Cvens Tavs ganvaTavsebdiT da Cvens sulierebas asparezs
mivcemdiT. amgvari sazogadoebrivi
Semoqmedebis adgils eqstremistuli
ganwyobiT Troba ikavebs da amitomac
iqca iracionaluri da arsebuli sinamdvilis radikalur uaryofaze an
radikalur miRebaze agebuli istoriulad unayofo vnebaTaRelva mitingisa sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis
umaRles formad... Semdeg vrwmundebiT, Tu rogori usazrisoa am formebisaTvis bedis mindoba da axali
koleqtiuri enTuziazmiT aRvsilni
kvlav aRviZrebiT. Sesabamisad, viRebT
imas, rasac viRebT da am wrebrunvas
dasruleba ar uweria, sanam istoriuli (`isteriuli~ xom ar ajobebda?!
_ z.a.) artistizmis mTel mankierebas
ar gaviziarebT~ (gv. 7-8).
zaza abzianiZe
149
stantinopoli; 1490 wels qarTlis
samefo darbazma daadastura qveynis daSla; 1555 wels daido amasiis zavi, romlis Tanaxmad, dasavleT
saqarTvelo osmaleTs ergo, xolo
qarTl-kaxeTi samcxe-saaTabagosTan
erTad _ irans; dabolos, imperator
aleqsandre I-is 1801 wlis 12 seqtembris manifestiT daiwyo `istoriuli
kapitulacia~ (avtorissave TqmiT),
anu _ uqmdeba bagratovanTa taxti da
saqarTvelo, saboloo jamSi, ruseTis
ganapira guberniad gadaiqceva.
XVI saukunidan istoriul movlenaTa Sedegad, civilizebuli samyaros
periferiaze aRmoCenil qveyanaSi paralizebulia erovnuli energia da
iseTi ganukiTxaoba da zneobrivi dacema (zaza firaliSvilis terminologiiT `relativizmi~) isadgurebs saero Tu sasuliero fenaSi, rom eris
genofonds ganadgureba emuqreba (arcaa gasakviri im situaciaSi, sadac
eri da beri tyveTa syidviTaa dakavebuli; avtoris TqmiT - `koleqtiuri
suicidis~ procesia! ufro dawvrilebiT ix.: makari antioqieli. cnobebi
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, Tb., 1982 _ araerTgzis citirebuli `qarTul kaleidoskopSi~).
rodesac vkiTxulobT, rom `qarTuli suliereba mZime seniT aRmoCnda daavadebuli~, rom qveyanaSi ara
mxolod politikuri, aramed identobaTa krizisia, ramac `istoriidan gandevnili eri, arsebiTad, gadauWreli amocanebis winaSe daayena~
(gv. 52), vgrZnobT, rom es mware diagnozi mxolod makari antioqielis
Canawerebis STabeWdilebiT araa nakarnaxevi. ai, sad igrZnoba filosofosisa da kulturologis Tvali,
romelic mentalur kriziss xedavs
iq, sadac istorikosi `eqsploataciis maxinj formaze~ laparakobs. samarTlianad sayvedurobda Tavis ko-
wignebi recenziebi
150
legebs prof. ilia anTelava: `Cvens
istoriografiaSi tyveTa syidva ZiriTadad daxasiaTebulia, rogorc
klasobrivi brZolis gamovlineba,
klasobrivi brZolis maxinji forma~
(ilia anTelava, `levan dadiani~, Tb.,
1990, gv. 117).
XVI-XVIII saukuneebis epoqa, avtoris
mtkicebiT, daRmasvlis xanaa, romelic axali kulturuli paradigmebis
nacvlad, `fsevdomorfozebs~ (Spengleris terminia) mimarTavs, rac `eTnomiTologiuri warmodgenebiT gajerebul narativSi efemeruli arsebobis Cveva da sakuTari bedis martiriologiur naTelSi xedvaa...~ (gv. 15).
zaza firaliSvili wers imazec, rom,
rawams eqsistenciur CixSi moveqceviT, swored im droidan mogvdevs awmyos `istoriul gaugebrobad~ aRqma,
xolo `pirquSi sinamdvilis~ sapirwoned warsulis aCrdilebis gamoxmoba
da `preteristuli utopiebis~ qadageba. verc daviT guramiSvilis, verc
sulxan-sabas talantma da mcdelobam
ver Secvales `istoriidan gandevnili
eris msoflmxedvelobrivi samyaro,
is inteleqtualuri wyvdiadi XVI-XVIII
saukuneebis epoqisa, romelsac Cvens
litraturaTmcodneobaSi, sabWouri
optimizmis inerciiT, dRemde `aRorZinebis xanad~ movixseniebT.
saba da qarTuli kosmosi: `qarTuli kaleidoskopis~ dasawyisSive gaisma
erTi avtoriseuli Teza metaforul
`triadaze~, romelic SemdgomSic gasdevs mTel am narativs: esaa `qarTuli
sulierebis `sam borot metaforad~
gardasaxuli sami xasiaTi _ luarsabi, yvaryvare da kvaWi, romelTa Camoyalibebas avtori swored sabas epoqas ukavSirebs, `radgan swored maSin
gaxda dasaSvebi da SesaZlebeli, rom
adamianebs zneobisa da gonebis kanonebis gareSe earsebaT~. am droidan iwyeben, avtoris mtkicebiT `...moZraobas
zaza abzianiZe
Seiqms siyvarulsa~!) miuxedavad, damoukidebeli saqarTvelos momSTobi ruseTis arc erTi lideri ar exateboda
gulze qarTvel kacs. magram, radgan
sazogadoebrivi cnobiereba miTologiuri kliSeebis tyveobaSi iyo, maSinaTve aitaca es axali miTi da stalini
lamis bazaleTis tbis oqros akvnidan
samSoblos mxsneli Wabukis SaravandediT warmosdga... aq sruliad sxva
meqanizmi amoqmedda. Soreuli analogiaa, magram mainc maxsendeba, rogor
iqcnen bonapartistebad safrangeTis
batonobiT tradiciulad ukmayofilo
korsikeli nacionalistebi napoleonis gaimperatorebis Semdeg... egeb
vcdebi da aq `sabWoTa bavSvoba~ malaparakebs... Tu asea, momiwevs, gavimeor merab mamardaSvilis sityvebi:
`...Cven varT ara mxolod msxverplni
Zaladobisa, aramed _ matarebelnic.
Cven CvenSive vatarebT am daavadebis
narCenebs~ (merab mamardaSvili, cnobierebis tipologia, Tb., 2011, gv. 255).
rodesac zaza firaliSvili Tavis
mkiTxvelebs mimarTavs, rom `is zneobrivi da intleqtualuri krizisi,
ufro ki wyvdiadi, romelic saqarTveloSi XV saukunis Semdeg gamefda,
xelaxal gancdas da gagebas saWiroebs
da ara idealisti JamTa aRmwerlis
pietetsa da miTis mTxzvelobas...~
(gv. 60),
inteleqtualuri daRmasvlis antiTezad gulisxmobs `gandobilTa mcirericxovan jgufs~, _ pirvel yovlisa, sulxan-saba orbeliani
axsendeba. `qarTuli kaleidoskopis~
avtori wers im `titanur amocanaze~,
romelic sabam itvirTa, rodesac ganizraxa STamomavlobisaTvis `sityvis kona~ da `sibrZne sicruisa~ daetovebina da rodesac, axla ukve seriozuli riskis fasad (misi asakisa da
imJamindeli Sina- Tu gare situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT), evropaSi gaemgzavra; dabolos, rodesac, evropiT
151
imedgacruebulma, 1724 wels, vaxtang
meeqvsis davalebiT, axla ukve ruseTisaken aiRo gezi, saidanac dabruneba ukve aRarc ewera. `sabam cxovreba
da Zalisxmeva or mizans miuZRvna, _
wers zaza firaliSvili, _ istoriis sivrceze gafantuli Cveni sulierebis fragmentebis SekavSirebas da
Cveni samyaros erTian qristianul
kosmosSi dabrunebis ideas. sxvagvarad SeuZlebeli iyo Cveni `istoriaSi
dabruneba~... istoria am dros, Turme
raRac sxvis gamoTqmas cdilobda da
gansxvavebuli gzebiT midioda Tavisi
miznebisaken. sabas cxovreba am azriTac aris arakonteqsturi, Tumca ki
miT ufro gmiruli da mniSvnelovania, radganac misi yaidis moRvaweebi,
sabolood, swored arakonteqsturobiT poveben TavianT Rirsebasa da
Rirebulebas da ufalic maTi meSveobiT CvenTvis idumal saTqmels gamoTqvams!..~ (gv. 84-85).
ilia: istoriuli konteqsti da pirovneba: `qarTuli kaleidoskopis~
sulxan-sabasadmi miZRvnil TavSi avtori werda, rom dakarguli identobis ZiebaSi imdroindeli qarTuli
sazogadoeba Tavs istoriis naSTad
ufro aRiqvams, vidre subieqtad, da
mimarTavs sufras, `rac Semdgom saukuneebSi istoriidan da realobidan
gaqcevis universalur qarTul saSualebad iqca~ (gv.73). (ufro dawvrilebiT am Temaze ix. statiebis krebuli
_ `qarTuli sufra da samoqalaqo sazogadoeba~, Tb., 2000 w.). araa gasakviri, rom zneobrivi reaqcia `realobidan gaqceul~, TviTironiis unars
moklebul, `mumificirebul~ sazogadoebaze kvlav ZiriTad diskursad
aRiqmeba, rodesac mkvlevaris mzera
`bednieri eris~ avtorze gadainacvlebs: `dRes SeiZleba, gagviWirdes
imis gaazrebac, rom pirvelma man gabeda xmamaRla ganecxadebina Cvens Ta-
152
wignebi recenziebi
zaza abzianiZe
153
istoriul interesebs daTmobda, vidre Tavis paTetikur ganwyobebs~
(gv. 105-106). rogori Cakirkiteba
ician am filosofosebma?! arada, ra
sworni arian!
`cocxali suraTebis~ paradigmas
`qarTuli kaleidoskopis~ avtori
upirispirebs vaJa-fSavelasa da niko firosmanis samyaros, radgan, misi
rwmeniT, amdagvari `cocxali suraTebi~ sinamdvileSi kvdomas ganasaxierebda im kulturisa, romelsac cxovelmyofeloba, `vitaluri Zala da
arsebobis neba~ jer vaJa-fSavelam,
Semdgom ki niko firosmanma SesZines:
`vaJam moitana swored is, _ wers zaza
firaliSvili, _ rac ase aklda Cvens
sulier garemos: yofierebasTan kavSiri da dauokebeli vitaluri ZalmosilebiT gaJRenTili neba imisa, rom
Cveni suliereba RvTis pirveladi
sityvis amsaxveli iyos. rac mTavaria,
mas moaqvs neba imisac, rom dangreuliyo sulis gaxevebuli formebi, xolo kulturis Semqmneli metaforebi
kvlav Tavisi pirvandeli ZaliT iwvevdnen rezonanss~ (gv. 114).
avtoriseuli intencia wamierad migvaxedebs grigol robaqiZisaken, romelic werda, rom vaJa, `mkvdreTiT
aRmdgari Ze miTologiuri warsulisa... mwyemsuri yofisagan didad Sors
ar wasula; magram misTvis, ganmWvreti mwyemsisaTvis, Cum da idumal RameSi gadaxsnilia varskvlavTa zeca,
da igic, samyaros saerTo mdumarebis
Jams, gardasaxavs cis am saidumlos
Tavisi lerwmis salamuris momxiblav
xmebad~ (grigol robaqiZe, `vaJa-fSavela~. wignSi: `qarTuli sityviereba,
t. 10, Tb., 2012, gv. 93). da kidev erTi fraza robaqiZisa: `mTavari motivi
firosmanisa aris qarTuli `miwa~. me
ar SemiZlia, meore saxeli davasaxelo, garda vaJa-fSavelasi, romelsac
ase egrZnos am miwis `dedoba~, dReoba,
wignebi recenziebi
154
Rreoba!.. (iqve, `niko firosmani~, gv.
143). ra swori iyo migel de unamuno,
rodesac Tavisi `intraistoriis~ ZiriTadi konceptis Tanaxmad, ama Tu im
eTnosis `akademiur~ istoriaze ufro
mravlismetyvel fenomenad mis sulier wiaRSi dabadebuli miTebis, poeziisa Tu artefaqtebis erTobliobas
miiCnevda...
sizmrad gamoRviZeba (ese oTar WilaZis Sesaxeb): `qarTuli kaleidoskopi~ Cvens istoriul-kulturologiur galereaSi erTob iSviaT gamonakliss ekuTvnis da es gamorCeuli
Tviseba gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba wignis bolo TavSi. aq eseisturi narativi, erTi SexedviT, ar scildeba oTar
WilaZis `godoris~ siuJets, magram
sinamdvileSi ara mxolod kompoziciurad, azrobrivadac amTlianebs
da asrulebs qarTuli istoriis samsaukunovani monakveTis avtoriseul
retrospeqtivas, sworedac rom, ontologiuri gadmosaxedidan. mTeli
es finaluri Tavi erTi metaforis _
`sizmrad gamoRviZebis~ ganSlaa. dakarguli identobis Ziebam avtori
swored am metaforasTan miiyvana da
aTqmevina: `am ramdenime xnis win mivageni, rom oTar WilaZes erT-erT
interviuSi 80-iani wlebis Cvens sazogadoebriv cxovrebasTan dakavSirebiT, sul oriode fraziT, sizmarSi gamoRviZeba uxsenebia. arada, ukve
dawerili mqonda, rom misi personaJebi sizmarSi gamoRviZebulebs magoneben... CemTvis es aRmoCnda erT-erTi
yvelaze zusti metafora im mdgomareobis aRsawerad, romelSic gasuli
saukunis bolodan vimyofebiT. ... is,
rac gaRviZeba da istoriaSi dabruneba gvegona, sinamdvileSi gaRviZebis
dasizmreba yofila~ (gv. 132). raRac
metafizikuri tkiviliT wers zaza
artreviu
cxadaia, rafael rubeni, daviT popiaSvili, eka okiaSvili, giorgi kuxalaSvili, merab gagilaZe, daviT giunaSvili,
revaz kvaracxelia da mowveuli mxatvari ukrainidan _ iulia untilova.
saRamos uZRveboda poeti baRaTer
arabuli. momxseneblebi _ kris koneinendaiki, jemal kuxalaSvili, daviT
andriaZe, maia niniZe. aqve damswre sazogadoeba gaecno zurab kalandaZis
leqsebis axal krebulsac _ `mainteresebs~ (gamomcemloba `mTawminda~).
wigni avtorisave grafikuli namuSevrebiT aris gaformebuli.
kris koneinendaikma, romelic saqarTvelos pirvelad stumrobda,
155
artreviu
156
isaubra proeqtis mniSvnelobaze, mis
Sedegebze, miznebsa da holandiel xelovnebaTmcodneTa Sefasebebze.
Tavis vrcel da emociur gamosvlaSi batonma koneinendaikma ganacxada,
rom, Tanamedrove qarTuli xelovnebis Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT, calsaxad gamoikveTa mTavari mamoZravebeli Zala _ suliereba da aRniSna: is,
rac Cven davkargeT _ saqarTveloSi
vipoveT da amaSi udidesi wvlili baton zurab kalandaZes miuZRviso.
harmoniis mxatvari
bolo aTi weliwadia, batoni zurabi intensiurad muSaobs dasavleTSi
qarTveli mxatvrebis popularizaciisTvis. man kris koneinendaikTan erTad holandiaSi
ocamde proeqti ganaxorciela da gamosca araerTi
katalogi, ramac sasurveli
Sedegi gamoiRo: qarTuli
xelovneba, Tavisi sulierebiTa da mkveTrad gamoxatuli individualobiT, mimzidveli aRmoCnda holandielebisaTvis _ qarTvel
SemoqmedTa
namuSevrebiT
seriozulad dainteresdnen
maRali rangis xelovnebaTmcodneebi da ferweris moyvarulebi, ris Semdegac Cveni Tanamemamuleebis namuSevrebze moTxovna gaizarda.
`zurab kalandaZe im Taobis warmomadgenelia, romelic TviTmxilvelia saqarTvelos
damoukideblobisaTvis brZolis, samoqalaqo dapirispirebis,
ruseT-saqarTvelos omisa
da emigraciuli cxovrebisa. yovelive amis anarekli
marika kaxaZe
157
wers Cveni Tanamemamulis Semoqmedebaze, maT Soris, profesori engelbert brokhausi, romelic aRniSnavs:
`zurab kalandaZis STagonebis wyaro, muza, aris samSoblo, saqarTvelo, romelic arasodes Sordeba mis
suls~. swored es uwyveti sulieri
kavSiri samSoblosTan aris is Zala
da energia, romelic ara marto mis
SemoqmedebaSi Cans, aramed im did mamuliSvilur saqmeSic, romelsac ukve
aTeuli wlebia eweva ucxoeTSi.
batoni zurabis Semoqmedebis qvakuTxedi, birTvi, saidanac misi xelovneba amoizarda da msoflmxedveloba Camoyalibda, qarTuli anbania.
xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori pit
avgustaini Tavis recenziaSi swored
amas usvams xazs: `zurab kalandaZis
mxatvrul namuSevrebs safuZvlad udevs qarTuli anbanis grafikuli stilistikidan
amomavali formaTa ena, mzis
siuxve da mSobliuri mxaris
kulturaze damyarebuli ferTa gardamavali tonebi da Tematika~.
qarTuli damwerlobis anarekls zurab kalandaZis SemoqmedebaSi sagangebod SeniSnavs tamara Cudinovskaiac
(xelovnebaTmcodne, doqtori):
`xelovanis Semoqmedebis sawyisi, genetika, sisxlis Zala
Tavs iCens da vlindeba meoce
saukunis avangarduli xelovnebis mier naSob saerTaSoriso
formaTa enaSi, magram klasikuri avangardisagan mis stils
gamoarCevs poeturi xedva da
mkveTrad nacionaluri aqcentebi~. xolo mixeil germanis
(xelovnebaTmcodne,
doqtori) azriT: `imis gamo, rom mis
ferwerul tiloebSi erTdroulad SeigrZnoba bgera, uCveu-
artreviu
158
lo ritmika da literaturuli reminiscenciebis mTeli feierverki, isini
uamrav asociacias iwveven da gansakuTrebul zemoqmedebas axdenen mnaxvelze~. mxatvari hub tileni ki aRniSnavs: `pirveli STabeWdileba, romelic CemSi misma naxatebma gamoiwvia,
iyo asociacia poeziasTan~. igive gancda Cans qarTveli xelovnebaTmcodnis, aleqsandre CxaiZis SefasebaSic:
`lirizmi, poeturoba, romelic vlindeba zurab kalandaZis mxatvrul tiloebSi, misi sulis mdgomareoba da
msoflaRqmaa~.
gamomcemloba FCA Edions-is direqtori, kris koneinendaiki ase afasebs
zurab kalandaZis Semoqmedebas: `man
moaxerxa xidis gadeba gansxvavebul
kulturebs Soris, raSic xelovans
mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli misma warmomavlobam da kulturulma memkvidreobam~.
Znelia, erT statiaSi Caatio zurab kalandaZis sruli SemoqmedebiTi
portreti, magram ramdenime amonaridi filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtoris, maia niniZis, narkvevidan, vfiqrob, kidev ufro met da mniSvnelovan
informacias miawodebs mkiTxvels:
`holandielebi zurabs TavianT
mwerlad da mxatvrad moixsenieben,
magram, amasTanave, mis poeziasa da
ferwerul tiloebSi yvela erTxmad
aRniSnavs qarTuli fesvis simZlavres, ramac gadamwyveti roli Seasrula misi individualuri stilis CamoyalibebaSi~.
zurab kalandaZis leqsebis rusul
enaze mTargmneli irena sergeeva aRniSnavs: `rodesac uaxlovdebi am dalocvili qveynis ukiduresad TviTmyofadi kulturis siRrmesa da amouwuraobas, amave dros uaxlovdebi am
xelovanis unikalur samyarosac~.
1996 wels holandiur enaze gamovida zurab kalandaZis pirveli po-
marika kaxaZe
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sxvadasxva stilisa da mimdinareobis holandiel mxatvrebTan: iuJin
stinisa da hari flamingsTan erTad
Camoayaliba mxatvarTa jgufi _ `arttrio kontrasti~. rogorc zurab
kalandaZe ambobs, es SemoqmedebiTi
gaerTianeba Seiqmna damokidebulebaTa mravalferovnebisa da im didi
gansxvavebis warmosaCenad, romlebic
Tavs iCens mxatvrobis samyaroSi gamoxatvis formebis mxriv~.
artreviu
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unda daekidaT. gamoica araerTi sareklamo broSura, gamoqveynda asamde
recenzia. amasTanave, zogierT proeqtSi CarTuli iyo qarTvel poetTa leqsebis holandiuri Targmanebi.
erT-erTma aseTma wignma, romelSic
sxvebTan erTad ori qarTveli poetis (maT Soris, am Sexvedris wamyvanis, baRaTer arabulis) leqsebic iyo,
gamocemis kvartlis `yvelaze metad
sakiTxavi krebulis~ tituli daimsaxura. yvelaferi es kris koneinendaikma uzrunvelyo finansurad, raTa
maqsimalurad warmoCeniliyo qarTuli xelovneba.
_ romeli qarTveli mxatvrebi gaxdnen holandiaSi yvelaze popularulebi?
_ pirvel rigSi, minda movixsenio
nugzar kalandaZe da gia cxadaia, radgan isini veRar moeswrebian TavianTi
gamofenebis gaxsnas, magram maTi xelovneba holandiel ferweris moyvarulebs dResac axsovT. rac Seexeba
sxvebs, popularuli mxatvrebi gaxdnen: mama-Svili levan da revaz kvaracxeliebi _ peterburgidan; daviT
giunaSvili _ inglisidan; nugzar kaxiani _ litvidan; Temur xmalaZe, merab
marika kaxaZem
fotomasala _
qeTi gomarTelma