pirovneba

kultura
sazogadoeba

socialur mecnierebaTa
aqtualuri problemebi

(iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis, socialur da politikur mecniere-
baTa fakultetis axlagazrda mecnierTa da doqto-
rantTa 2010 wlis 21 maisis konferenciis masalebi)

gamomcemloba `universali~
Tbilisi 2010
samecniero redaqtori: filosofiis doqtori
amiran berZeniSvili

recenzentebi:
valerian ramiSvili, filosofiis mecniere-
baTa doqtori

revaz jorbenaZe, fsiqologiur mecniereba-

Ta doqtori

gamomcemloba `universali~, 2010

Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 22 36 09, 8(99) 17 22 30
E–mail: universal@internet.ge

ISBN 978-9941-17-118-5

2
 sarCevi

1. winaTqma _ amiran berZeniSvili ................................6

2. eka darbaiZe _ saqarTvelos imiji dasavleTis

qveynebSi .....................................................................18

3. flora esebua _ politikis velisa da Jurnalis-

tikis velis Sexvedris adgili: saqarTvelos
energoseqtori omisSemdgom qarTul presaSi .......30

4. lia TeTraZe _ 2010 wlis adgiolobrivi TviTmmar-

Tvelobis arCevnebis ZiriTadi
tendenciebi................................................................48

5. ana kuWuxiZe _ samarTlis statistikis Tavisebu-

rebani da misi roli samarTlebrivi reJimis
uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi ............................................70

6. maia manCxaSvili _ samxreT kavkasiis regionuli

usafrTxoebis sakiTxi 2008 wlis agvistos omis
Semdeg .........................................................................82

7. xaTuna marwyviSvili _ emociuri inteleqtis,

rogorc pirovnuli niSnis sakvlevi kiTxvaris
adaptacia qarTul populaciaze .............................92

8. nani maWaraSvili _ saparlamento demokratiis

problemebi saqarTveloSi........................................119

3
9. naTia mestviriSvili _ moralis ganviTarebis
Teoriebi: piaJedan neokolbergianelebamde ..........135

10. nino popiaSvili _ postsabWoTa identoba Savi

zRvis auzis qveynebis diskursSi.............................147

11. Tamar qaraia _ istoriis saxelmZRvanelo da

eTnikuri umciresobebi: problemebi da
perspeqtivebi .............................................................155

12. gizo WeliZe _ politikuri integracia evrokav-

SirSi ...........................................................................168

13. lia wulaZe _ axalgazrduli identobebi

brikolaJis gziT cvalebad sazogadoebaSi:
saqarTvelos SemTxveva .............................................192

14. maia wurwumia _ qalTa arasamTavrobo organi-

zaciebi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis
procesSi.....................................................................209

4
 anotacia

konferenciis moxsenebebis krebuli moicavs Tsu-s

socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis
axalgazrda mecnierTa da doqtorantTa naSromebs,sa-
dac mocemulia ganazrebani socialuri mecnierebebis
aqtualur problemebze, yuradReba gamaxvilebulia Cve-
ni qveynis socialur-politikuri realiebis kvlevaze:
ruseT-saqarTvelos agvistos omi da politikuri integ-
racia evrokavSirSi, saqarTvelos imijis formirebis
problema da politikisa da Jurnalistikis velis urTi-
erToba agvistos omis Semdgom periodSi, danaSaulis
statistika da qalTa arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
roli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis CamoyalibebaSi, indivi-
dis emociuri inteleqtisa da moralis ganviTarebis sa-
kiTxebi. avtorebi problemebis xedvis originalur mid-
gomebs da xSirad maTi gadaWris optimalur gzebsa da
saSualebebs gvTavazoben.
vimedovnebT krebuli saintereso aRmoCndeba yvela
Taobis moazrovne mkiTxvelisTvis da sargeblobas mou-
tans qarTul sazogadoebas.

5
 winaTqma

saqarTveloSi socialuri mecnierebebis ganviTare-

bisaTvis SedarebiT xelsayreli pirobebi mas Semdeg Se-
iqmna, rac qveyanam saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba
moipova. komunisturi ideologiis 70 wliani batonobis
mTel manZilze sxva mecnierebebTan SedarebiT am ideo-
logiis totalitaruli wnexis qveS yvelaze metad soci-
aluri mecnierebebi aRmoCdnen. socialuri mecnierebe-
bis ganviTarebas uwinares yovlisa is garemoeba uSlida
uSlida xels,rom mecnieri kvlevisas iZulebuli iyo
ideologiuri dogmebi mieRo amosaval principad da
kvlevis meTodologiad. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi misi
xvedri savalalo aRmoCndeboda rogorc mecnieruli ka-
rieris, ise sicocxlisa da Tavisuflebis Tvalsazri-
siT. sakmarisia gavixsenoT XX saukunis avbediTi 30-iani
wlebi,rodesac ara mxolod qarTuli xelovnebisa da
literaturis,aramed qarTuli mecnierebis da pirvel
rigSi filosofiisa da socialuri mecnierebebis “moT-
viniereba” xdeboda.
mecnieri iZulebuli iyo ezopes eniT elaparaka an
naxevrad simarTle eTqva,rac naxevrad sicruis Tqmaze
ufro uares socialur Sedegebs iwvevda. mokled,sab-
Wouri socialuri mecnierebisaTvis “paliaturoba”, anu
naxevrad simarTlis Tqma iyo damaxasiaTebeli, ramac Za-
lian CamoarCina qarTuli socialuri mecnierebebi sa-
zogadod socialuri mecnierebebis ganviTarebis magis-
tralur mimarTulebas.
mxolod, XX saukunis 90-iani wleebidan iwyeba qar-
Tuli socialuri mecnierebebis paliaturobisagan gaTa-
visufleba. qarTveli mecnierebi euflebian dasavleTSi
aprobirebul mecnieruli kvlevis meTodebsa da midgo-
mebs, safuZveli eyreba socialuri sinamdvilis kvlevis
axal mimarTulebebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom socialuri

6
mecnierebebi xelaxla idgams fexs da swori mimarTule-
biT viTardeba. sadac meTodologiur Tu msoflmxedve-
lobriv pluralizmTan erTad mecnieruli obieqturoba
kvlav ibrunebs Tavis statuss. sagulisxmoa,rom socia-
luri mecnierebis ganviTarebis flagmanebad saqarTve-
loSi iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis da ilias saxelobis universitetis mecni-
erebi gvevlinebian. yalibdeba axali dasavluri tipis
socialuri mecniereba,razec yvelaze ukeT axalgazrda
mecnierTa da doqtorantTa moxsenebebi metyveleben.
erT-erT aseT dadasturebas swored winmdebare publi-
kacia warmoadgens.
Tsu-s socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fa-
kultetze swavleba da kvleva Svidi: politikuri mecni-
erebis, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis, fsiqologiis, sa-
zogadoebrivi geografiis, Jurnalistikis, sociologiis
da socialuri muSaobis mimarTulebiT mimdinareobs.
TiTqmis yvela mimarTulebis axalgarda mecnierTa da
doqtorantTa moxsenebebia aq warmodgenili.isini qar-
Tuli sinamdvilis aqtualur socialur da politikur
problemebs exebian da saintereso daskvnebsa da reko-
mendaciebs gvTavazoben,romelTa gaTvaliswineba xels
Seuwyobs zogierTi rTuli da mtkivneuli problemis
gadaWrasa da daregulirebas.rasakvirvelia, axalgazrda
mkvlevarebis yuradRebis centrSi ruseT-saqarTvelos
2008 wlis agvistos omi da mis Sedegad gamowveuli
cvlilebebi moxvda. omis Semdeg mwaved dadga samxreT
kavkasiisa da kerZod saqarTvelos usafrTxoebis sakiT-
xi. ruseTis agresiam daarRvia mxareebis mier daculi
status-qvo da regionuli usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT
gaCnda rogorc axali gamowvevebi-ruseTis mier saqar-
Tvelos ori regionis okupacia da maTi “damoukidebel”
saxelmwifoebad aRiareba, ise perspeqtivebic _ “Tur-
qeT-somxeTis “safexburTo” diplomatia da ciurixis

7
protokolebi”.momxsenebeli,samarTlianad Tvlis moZve-
lebulad regionuli usafrTxoebis adrindel modelebs
da axali, ufro moqnil, regionis interesebs morgebuli
modelis SemuSavebisa da misi realizebis gzebis erTob-
liv Ziebas gvTavazobs. sadac konstruqciuli roli ara
mxolod regionis qveynebma,aramed iseTma gavlenianma
aqtorebma unda iTamaSon rogorebic aSS, evrokavSiri
da euToa.
agvistos oms gaSualebulad exeba moxseneba “po-
litikis velisa da Jurnalistikis velis Sexvedris ad-
gili: saqarTvelos energoseqtori omis Semdgom qar-
Tul presaSi”. es Tema imiTac aris aRsaniSni, rom saqar-
Tvelos saerTaSoriso energetikul proeqtebSi monawi-
leoba,saqarTvelos pozicionireba rogorc energode-
refnisa aris Tema,romelzec TiTqmis yvela politikuri
Zala apelirebs.
am Temam gansakuTrebuli aqtualoba agvistos mov-
lenebis Semdgom SeiZina. gaCnda bevri kiTxva saqarTve-
los saerTaSoriso energetikul proeqtebSi monawileo-
bis SesaZleblobebTan dakavSirebiT, energetika xom
qveynis damoukideblobis erTerT umniSvnelovanes ga-
rantad aRiqmeba. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom agvis-
tos movlenebSi mTel msoflios mouwia angariSi gaewia
ruseTis, rogorc msoflios umsxvilesi energetikuli
moTamaSisaTvis,rac maT aiZulebda garkveul daTmobeb-
ze wasvlas swored ruseTze energetikuli damokidebu-
lebis gamo. yovelive aman eWvis qveS daayena saqarTve-
los energetikul proeqtebSi monawileobis sakiTxi.igi
rogorc mniSvnelovani politikuri problema qarTuli
presis mTavar Temad agvistos movlenebis Semdeg iqca.
energoseqtori rogorc qveynis ekonomikis Semadgeneli
segmenti, aris mniSvnelovani politikuri TamaSis nawi-
li. magram, rogorc gamokvlevam aCvena, Zalian Znelia
erTmniSvnelovnad imis dadgena saqarTveloSi energeti-

8
ka,rogorc ekonomikuri instituti,Tavad axdens gavle-
nas politikur TamaSze, Tu piriqiT, is aris iaraRi po-
litikosTa xelSi. gamokvlevam erTi ram naTlad aCve-
na,rom maTze nakleb Zalauflebas arc Jurnalistikis
veli flobs, imiT, rom orives sakuTari SesaZleblobe-
bis demonstrirebis saSualebas aZlevs,garkveuli,sazo-
gadoebisaTvis Rirebuli mimrTulebiT warmarTavs maT
Soris urTierTobas. swored Jurnalistikis velis aq-
torebi sTavazoben auditorias suraTs energopoliti-
kaze da Tan ise, rom xan Tavad Jurnalistebi, xan eq-
spertebi, xanac politikuri aqtorebi gvevlinebian sa-
zogadoebrivi azris liderebis rolSi, romlebic saTa-
ves udeben diskusiebs da ganxilvebs aqtualur sakiT-
xebze, raTa problemebi qveynisaTvis sasargeblod ga-
dawydes. rasakvirvelia, globalizaciisa da informaci-
onalizmis epoqaSi,rodesac sazogadoebas informaciaTa
usasrulo nakadi miewodeba, Tanac ise, rom misi anali-
zis dro ar rCeba, amgvar ganxilvebsa da diskusiebs se-
riozuli sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba eniWeba. moxsene-
baSi kargad gamoCnda Tu rogor SeuZlia obieqtur da
miudgomel medias wamyvani poziciebi daiWiros TviT po-
litikasTan mimarTebaSic ki.
sazogadoeba adamianTa moraluri erTianobaa.Sesa-
bamisad, morals da adamianTa moralur ganviTarebas sa-
zogadoebisTvis principuli mniSvneloba eniWeba. swo-
red es sakiTxi ganixileba moxsenebaSi “moralis ganviTa-
rebis Teoriebi”. morali sazogadoebis gamocdilebidan,
msjelobebidan da SeTanxmebebidan gamomdinare iseTi
socialuri konstruqciaa, romelsac sazogadoeba uWers
mxars. magram moralis ganviTarebaSi aranakleb rols
Tavad pirovnebebi TamaSoben, romelTa qcevebi da moq-
medebebi moralur ganaxlebas edeba safuZvlad. didi
xnis ganmavlobaSi iTvleboda, rom pirovneba moraluria
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is kargad asrulebs sazogadoebis mi-

9
er dadgenil qcevis wesebs an aqvs moralurad gamar-
Tlebuli ganzraxvebi. sxvagvarad, moraluri qceva
mTlianad ganixileboda afeqtur sferoSi, romelsac Se-
mecnebasTan da sxva adamianur unarebTan kavSiri ar
hqonda. marTalia arsebobs gamokvlevebi, romlebic asa-
buTeben,rom damnaSave da udanaSaulo adamianebi erTna-
irad gmoben qurdobas, anu, sxvagvarad, rom vTqvaT, mo-
ralur Rirebulebebze dayrdnobiT ar SegviZlia viwi-
naswarmetyveloT, vTqvaT, arasrulwlovanTa damnaSave-
oba, da rom altruistuli damokidebulebebi da Rire-
bulebebi TiTqmis ar iyo dakavSirebuli altruistul
qcevasTan; magram moralis Tanamedrove Teoriebze day-
rdnobiT mtkicdeba, rom moraluri qceva TavisTavSi
aerTianebs afeqtur, kognitur da qceviT aspeqts da
maT erT mTlianobad ganixilavs, sadac swored moralu-
ri idealebi warmarTaven moralur qcevas. Tanamedrove
mecnierebma Seqmnes instrumenti, romlis daxmarebiTac
SesaZlebeli xdeba moraluri problemebis mimarT pro-
da kontrargumentebis gansjis unaris Sefaseba.
sagulisxmoa momxseneblis daskvna, romlis mixedvi-
Tac moraluri msjelobis Sesaxeb arsebul TeoriebSi
“kognicia da ZiriTadi epistemologiuri kategorie-
bi(uflebebi,movaleobebi,samarTali,socialuri wyoba,
reciprokuloba (Tanaziaroba) kvlav amosaval wertilad
rCeba.” Tumca isic ar unda dagvavwydes,rom moraluri
ganviTarebis sferoSi arsebuli Tanamedrove kvlevebi
met yuradRebas individualuri gamocdilebis mniSvne-
lobas aqceven. moraluri ganviTarebis Teoriebis Ses-
wavla gvexmareba Tanamedrove qarTuli sazogadoebis
moralur-zneobrivi suliskveTebis, RirebulebaTa ie-
rarqiuli skalis gazomvis, qarTuli sazogadoebis mo-
raluri saxisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli problemebis anali-
zisa da daregulirebis saqmeSi.

10
 Tanamedrove socialur mecnierebebSi (kerZod,fsi-
qologiaSi) emociuri inteleqtis cneba SedarebiT axali
konstruqtia da masTan dakavSirebuli kvlevebic XXI
saukunis pirveli aTwleulis damsaxurebaa; ZiriTadad
igi dasavluri mecnieruli kvlevis arealSi ikavebs wam-
yvani koncefciis statuss.qarTveli fsiqologebis dam-
saxurebaa ki aris is,rom maT SeZles am konstruqtis
qarTul sinamdvilesTan adaptireba da gadmotana,rom-
lis erTerTi warmatebuli variantic winamdebare gamo-
cemaSia mocemuli. es aris Teoriuli da empiriuli
kvlevis erTerTi saukeTeso sinTezis analogi qarTul
socialur mecnierebebSi; naSromidan Cans,rom kvlevis
Sedegad miRebulia emociuri inteleqtis,rogorc pi-
rovnuli niSnis,sakvlevi kiTxvaris qarTuli versia,ro-
melic sakmaod gamarTul fsiqodiagnostikur instru-
ments warmoadgens da misi gamoyeneba savsebiT SesaZle-
belia efeqturi Sedegebis misaRebad. ukve miRebuli Se-
degebi,Tu avtoris sityvebiT vityviT, qarTul popula-
ciaze emociuri inteleqtis,rogorc pirovnuli niSnis
sakvlevi kiTxvaris Semdgomi gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT
sakmaod optimisturi prognozis gakeTebis saSualebas
gvaZlevs. sakvlevi kiTxvaris qarTuli versia namdilad
Rirebuli instrumentia ganaTlebis fsiqologiis,adami-
anuri resursebis marTvis da klinikuri fsiqologiis
sferoSi moRvawe mecnierTaTvis. mTavari ki isaa,rom
kiTxvari qarTuli socialuri mecnierebebis warmomad-
genlebs saSualebas aZlevs CaerTon “ emociur inteleq-
tTan dakavSirebul saerTaSoriso kvleviT sivrceSi da
mecnierebaSi am SedarebiT axali konstruqtis Tavisebu-
reba vikvlioT qarTul populaciazec.” aseTi axali
koncefciebis da Sesabamisi kvlevis meTodologiebis
aTviseba imis sawindaria, rom warmatebiT davZlioT “pa-
liaturoba” da mecnieruli Sromis msoflio danawile-
bis aqtori gavxdeT.

11
 dRes, globaluri komunikaciebis arsebobis piro-
bebSi nebismieri qveyana cdilobs sakuTari Tavis dade-
biTi imijis Seqmnaze, sxvagvarad msoflio ekonomikur
bazarze damkvidreba warmoudgenelia. dadebiTi imijis
SemuSaveba xels Seuwyobs Cvens qveyanaSi investiciebis
mozidvas da turizmis ganviTarebas, ekonomikasa da
msoflio bazarze produqtis realizebas,sabanko saqmia-
nobaSi klientebis mozidvas, gatarebuli politikis mi-
marT dadebiTi damokidebulebis SemuSavebas da mraval
sxvas. Cveni avtorebi Tanamedrove mecnierebis miRweve-
bis gadasaxedidan aanalizeben imijis formirebis faq-
torebs, gasakuTrebiT im informaciebs, rac Cvens qve-
yanaze iwereba da vrceldeba saerTaSoriso sivrceSi.
moxsenebaSi naTlad aris naCvenebi Tu ra formisa da Si-
naarsis informaciebi vrceldeba saqarTvelos Sesaxeb,
ra periodulobiT xdeba maTi ganaxleba,Canacvleba axa-
li informaciiT da rac mTavaria rogor icvleba qveya-
naze arsebuli warmodgena ukeTesobisaken Tu, piriqiT,
uaresobisaken. aqac Tavs iCens agvistos omi, ramac didi
dartyma miayena saqarTvelos, rogorc stabiluri sat-
ranzito da turistuli qveynis imijs. moxsenebaSi ga-
moyofilia is faqtorebi, romlebic yvelaze uaryofi-
Tad moqmedebs saqarTvelos imijze: ekonomikuri mim-
zidvelobis dabali done (miuxedavad imisa,rom dRes sa-
qarTvelos xelisufleba yvelaze liberalur ekonomi-
kur politikas atarebs, rac samomavlod mainc Seuwyobs
xels ekonomikis sferoSi sasurveli imijis Camiyalibe-
bas), gadauWreli konfliqtebi (axla ukve okupirebuli
teritoriebis arseboba), qveyanaSi arsebuli demokrati-
uli institutebis ganviTarebis dabali done, qveynis
turistuli sareklamo kampaniebisa marketinguli Ro-
nisZiebebis arasakmarisoba da dabali profesionaliz-
mi.am problemebis gadasalaxad saWiroa meti energia da
maRali profesionalizmi,ufro meti dinamika da Semar-

12
Teba. Tu davakvirdebiT qveynis mesveurTa qmedebebs da-
vinaxavT,rom isini swored am mimarTulebiT moZraoben
da avtorTan erTad imeds gamovTqvam,rom maTi momavali
saqmianoba mxolod warmatebuli PR kampaniebiT ar Semo-
ifargleba da aqtiur aRmSeneblobiT saqmianobas ufro
gaaZliereben.
Cveni avtorebis yuradRebas ar gamorCenia iseTi
iseTi aqtualuri saerTaSoriso problema, rogoricaa
evrokavSiris ekonomikuri da politikuri integra-
cia.didZali faqtobrivi monacemebis analizis safuZ-
velze sabuTdeba,rom ekonomikuri integracia XX sauku-
nis 90-iani wlebis Semdeg namdvilad gadaizarda poli-
tikur TanamSromlobaSi. neli tempebiT, magram aRmava-
li progresiiT,mimdinareobs politikuri kavSiris gaZ-
liereba. moxsenebaSi argumentirebulad da safuZvlia-
nad aris naCvenebi swored politikuri integraciis
kuTxiT arsebuli Tanamedrove dinamika, romelic saTa-
ves evropuli gaerTianebis Camoyalibebis pirvelive
dReebidan iRebs. momxsenebels ar aqvs imis iluzia, rom
evrokavSiri warmoaCinos, rogorc uxarvezo da mZlavri
politikuri erToba. Tumca imis mtkicebaSi namdvilad
SegviZlia daveTanxmoT, rom politikuri integracia uk-
ve aqtiurad mimdinareobs da wlidan wlamde evropul
saxelmwifoTa gaerTianeba sul ufro Zlier saerTaSo-
riso aqtorad yalibdeba.
saqarTvelosTvis dRemde aqtualuri rCeba Ria, sa-
moqalaqo sazogadoebisa da demokratiuli institute-
bisa da procedurebis damkvidrebis problema. miuxeda-
vad imisa, rom damoukideblobis mopovebidan dRemde
qveyanaSi mravali reforma gatarda, saqarTvelo jerac
ver miuaxlovda demokratiis sasurvel models. demok-
ratiuli mmarTveloba warmoudgenelia ganviTarebuli
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis gareSe; aseTi socialuri pi-
robebis ar arsebobis SeTxvevaSi igi Sinaarss kargavs.

13
amitom, roca vlaparakobT demokratiis sasurveli mo-
delis damkvidrebaze qveyanaSi, centralur sakiTxad ma-
inc samoqalaqo da Ria sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis
problema rCeba. Tavad samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoya-
libebis procesSi gadamwyveti Tu ara erTerTi umniS-
vnelovanesi roli qalTa arasamTavrobo organizacie-
bis saqmianobas eniWeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom samoqala-
qo organizaciebs Tanabrad SeuZliaT Tavisi wevrebis,
kacebis da qalebis saWiroebebis gamoTqma, kvlevebma aC-
venes, rom arasamTavrobo organizaciebis nawili da me-
dia, rogorc sainformacio samoqalaqo instituti sa-
qarTveloSi, naklebad interesdeba genderuli proble-
mebiT, amitom am funqciis Sesruleba saqarTveloSi ar-
sebulma qalTa arasamTavrobo organizaciebma ikisres.
maTi saqmianobis prioritetebia: qalTa mimarT Zalado-
ba, maT Soris ojaxuri Zaladoba, diskriminaciuli sam-
saxureobrivi praqtika, gadawyvetilebebis miRebis pro-
cesze SezRuduli xelmisawvdomoba, negatiuri genderu-
li stereotipebi.rogorc momxsenebeli Tvlis, am orga-
nizaciebis saqmianobis mTavari miRweva aris is, rom qar-
Tul sazogadoebaSi TandaTanobiT xdeba genderuli
uTanasworobis problemis gacnobiereba da aRiareba.
swored qalTa arasamTavrobo organizaciebi aRweven
warmatebebs genderuli Tanasworobis miRwevaSi, rome-
lic samoqalaqo sazogadoebis erTerTi Semadgeneli
elementia. sayuradReboa momxseneblis daskvna, rom
qalTa arasamTavrobo organizaciebma miaRwies garkveul
simwifes da sakuTari adgili daimkvidres qarTul ara-
samTavrobo seqtorSi. dRes qalTa arasamTavrobo orga-
nizaciebi ganviTarebis im etapze imyofebian, rodesac
SeuZliaT qveyanaSi mimdinare calkeul procesebze ze-
gavlenis moxdena. Tumca arc is unda dagvaviwydes, rom
am warmatebebs fragmentuli xasiaTi aqvs, qalTa orga-
nizaciebi jerjerobiT ver axerxeben saxelmwifo done-

14
ze aqtiuri lobireba gauwion qalTa interesebs, aseve
sustia maTi zegavlena sazogadoebrivi azris formire-
baze. demokratiisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganvi-
Tarebis arasasurvel doneze metyvelebs saparlamento
demokratiis sisuste da sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis
damoukideblobis dabali indeqsi. sociologiurma ga-
mokvlevebma aCvena,rom swored sazedamxedvelo funqci-
is ganxorcielebaa saparlamento saqmianobis yvelaze
susti rgoli. Sesabamisad, gamoikveTa saparlamento de-
mokratiis ganviTarebis xelisSemSleli safrTxeebi:
erovnuli umciresobebis da qalTa warmomadgenlobis
araproporciuloba, sazogadod parlamentisadmi, ro-
gorc institutisadmi sazogadoebrivi ndobis dabali
done, saparlamento iniciativebis nakleboba, kanonmdeb-
lobisa da maT Soris konstituciis xSiri cvla. yvelaze
damafiqrebel safrTxes ki kontrolisa da balansis sis-
temis sisuste warmoadgens, romlis pirobebSic saqar-
Tvelos parlamenti ver asrulebs aRmasrulebeli xeli-
suflebis sapirwone institutis funqcias. demokratiis
ganviTarebas saqarTveloSi Tavisi specifika aqvs, mas
Zalian bevri ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli
problemebi eRobeba win, romelTa gadaWrac da daZleva
TandaTanobiT unda moxdes. mTavari ki mainc isaa, rom
axalgazrda mkvlevarebi miukerZoeblad ikvleven qar-
Tuli demokratiis ganviarebis Tanamedrove dones da
xSirad oficiozis Tvalsazrisisagan gansxvavebul viTa-
rebas afiqsireben. aseTi obieqturi kvlevis Sedegebis
gamoqveyneba Tavad metyvelebs imas, rom saqarTveloSi
demokratiuli Rirebulebebi Znelad,magram mainc mkvid-
rdeba qarTuli sazogadoebis saqmianobis yvela sfero-
Si.

dabolos, minda Sevexo Cveni qveynisaTvis damafiq-

rebel da mtkivneul problemas eTnikur umciresobeb-

15
Tan dakavSirebiT. erT-erTi moxseneba, romelmac didi
daintereseba gamoiwvia, exeba Cves qveyanaSi arsebul eT-
nikur umciresobebis warmomadgenelTa saqarTvelos mo-
qalaqeebad Camoyalibebis process. rogorc cnobilia
qveynis moqalaqeebad aRzrdasa da CamoyalibebaSi lomis
wili mSobliur literaturasTan erTad qveynis istori-
is Seswavlas miuZRvis. rogorc momxsenebeli aRniSnavs,
swored am kuTxiT aris savalalo mdgomareoba kompaq-
turad Casaxlebul erovnul umciresobebSi. imis ga-
mo,rom yofil sabWoTa respublikebSi ZiriTad saurTi-
erTobo enas rusuli warmoadgenda da qarTulis ro-
gorc saxelmwifo enis swavleba eTnikuri umciresobebi-
saTvis prioritetuli ar iyo, Sesabamisad rusuli enis
codna aZlevda eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgen-
lebs sazogadoebasTan integraciisa karieruli win-
svlis saSualebas. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg gan-
sakuTrebulad rTul viTarebaSi sasazRvro regionebSi
kompaqturad Casaxlebuli eTnikuri umciresobebi aR-
moCndnen. marTalia, rusuli qarTulma enam Caanacvla,
magram amiT problemebi ki ar Semcirda, piriqiT gaizar-
da. radgan qarTuli ena ar ician, es qveynis istoriis
swavlebazec uaryofiTad aisaxeba. eTnikuri umcireso-
bebisaTvis (ZiriTadad somxebi da azerbaijanelebi) is-
toriis saxelmZRvaneloebi mezobeli saxelmwifoebidan
SemoaqvT, romlebSic saqarTvelos istoria tendenciu-
radaa gaSuqebuli da rogorc momxsenebeli aRniSnavs,
maTi Seswavla SesaZloa saqarTvelos moqalaqis nac-
vlad, potenciuri “mtris” aRzrdis xelSemwyobi faqto-
ri aRmoCndes. amitom, aucilebelia, saxelmZRvaneloe-
bis SinaarsSi aisaxos,rom saqarTveloSi garda qarTve-
lebisa aseve cxovrobdnen sxva eTnosis warmomadgenle-
bi da rom maT garda uaryofiTisa dadebiTi wvlilic
Seitanes qveynis ganviTarebaSi. msgavsi damokidebuleba
xels Seuwyobs eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenel-

16
Ta integracias sazogadoebaSi da saqarTvelos sru-
luflebian moqalaqed aRqmas. amitom, misaRebad mimaCnia
momxseneblis rCeva-rekomendacia: erTiani, saxelmwifo-
ebrivi cnobierebis CamoyalibebisaTvis aucilebelia sa-
ganmanaTleblo politikis im kuTxiT warmarTva, rom sa-
qarTvelos teritoriaze arsebul skolebSi izrdebodes
ara qarTveli, ara somexi, an azerbaijaneli, aramed sa-
qarTvelos moqalaqe.
Tsu-s axalgazrda mecnierebi yovelgvari ideolo-
giuri wnexisagan Tavisufali mecnieruli obieqturo-
biT, keTilsindisierebiTa da maRali moqalaqeobrivi
SegnebiT udgebian Cveni qveynis winaSe mdgar rTul so-
cialur da politikur problemebis analizs; es ki imis
sawindaria, rom qarTuli socialuri mecnierebebi swo-
ri mimarTulebiT warimarTon da myarad daadgnen msof-
lio mecnierebis ganviTarebis magistralur gzas.

amiran berZeniSvili

17
 saqarTvelos imiji dasavleTis qveynebSi

eka darbaiZe
Tsu-s socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa
fakulteti, politikur mecnierebaTa
mimarTuleba, doqtoranti

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi ganviTarebisaTvis

yvelaze mniSvnelovania Zlieri ekonomikis mqone demok-
ratiuli qveynis imijis arseboba. dadebiTi qveynis imi-
jis formirebaze muSaoba nebismieri qveynis xelisufle-
bis mxridan seriozul muSaobasa da Zalisxmevas saWiro-
ebs, vinaidan qveynis warmatebuli imijis SemuSaveba da
Camoyalibeba, msoflio ekonomikur bazarze mis damkvid-
rebasa da garkveuli poziciis dakavebas gulisxmobs, es
ki saqarTvelosaTvis Zalzed mniSvnelovania, radganac
warmatebuli imiji qveynisaTvis Zlieri ekonomikuri
mdgomareobis myari garanti gaxlavT. swored amitom
SemTxveviTobas rodi warmoadgens is faqti, rom dRes
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis erT-erT prioritets qvey-
nis sainvesticio da turistuli klimatis gaumjobeseba-
ze muSaoba warmoadgens. qveynis dadebiTi imijis SemuSa-
veba da Camoyalibeba xels Seuwyobs qveyanaSi investici-
ebis mozidvasa da turizmis ganviTarebas, rac qveynis
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mTavari garanti gaxlavT.
saxelmwifos saerTaSoriso imijs globalizaciisa
da masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis mZlavri ganvi-
Tarebis pirobebSi didi politikuri da ekonomikuri
mniSvneloba eniWeba, radganac warmatebuli imijis arse-
boba qveynis Zlieri ekonomikuri mdgomareobis myari sa-
fuZvelia.
saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso imijis formirebis aq-
tualoba kidev ufro gaizarda, radgan bolo aTwleu-
lebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos mimarT damokidebule-

18
ba saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis mxridan radikalurad
icvleboda da meryeobda qveynis SigniT mimdinare pro-
cesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. es kidev ufro sagrZnobi gax-
da bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi. saqarTveloSi mimdinare
procesebi Suqdeboda da Suqdeba dResac bolo aTwleu-
lis manZilze amerikul da evropul media saSualebebSi.
imiji rogorc politikuri, aseve ekonomikuri ka-
tegoria gaxlavT. igi ekonomikaSi produqtis realize-
bas uwyobs xels, sabanko saqmianobaSi izidavs klien-
tebs, politikur sferoSi exmareba politikur figuras
sazogadoebis mxridan dadebiTi damokidebulebis Camo-
yalibebaSi, qveynis warmatebuli imiji izidavs met tu-
rists, qmnis investirebisTvis Sesabamis klimats da a.S.
qveynis imijis formirebis sakiTxSi mniSvnelovan gavle-
nas axdens is informaciebi rac Cvens qveyanaze iwereba
da vrceldeba saerTaSoriso sivrceSi. swored amitom
aris saWiro rom arsebobdes da vrceldebodes poziti-
uri informacia saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. ucxoeli turis-
tisaTvis mTavari faqtori stabiluroba gaxlavT. qveya-
naSi arsebuli kriminaluri garemo safrTxes ar unda
warmoadgendes, es faqtorebi ki xels Seuwyobs saqar-
TveloSi turistuli nakadebis gazrdas.
turizmi warmoadgens ekonomikis erT-erT umsxvi-
les, maRal Semosavlian da Zalian dinamiur sferos,
romlis wilad modis investiciebis saerTo moculobis
7%-i, yvela sagadasaxado Semosavlebis 5-%-i da savaWro
momsaxurebis mesamedi. turizmi samarTlianad iTvleba
ekonomikis erT-erT msxvil, maRalSemosavlian da dina-
mikurad ganviTarebad dargad, ucxouri valutis Semo-
dinebis aqtiur wyarod da zegavlenas axdens qveynis sa-
gadasaxado balansze. turizmi aseve udides gavlenas ax-
dens meurneobis iseT sakvanZo seqtorebze, rogoricaa
transporti da kavSirgambuloba, vaWroba, mSenebloba,
soflis meurneoba. igi gaxlavT socialur _ ekonomiku-

19
ri kompleqsis erT-erTi sfero, romelic mraval qveya-
naSi gadaiqca swrafad ganviTarebad industriad. saer-
TaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebaSi ori tendecia arse-
bobs: gare ekonomikuri da politikuri faqtorebis zeg-
valenis amTvisebloba, am sakiTxSi arc Cveni qveyana ar
warmoadgens gamonakliss.
yvelaze sando wyaro ucxo qveyanaSi Camosvlis
msurveli turistisa Tu investorisaTvis, romelic ka-
pitalis dabandebas sruliad misTvis ucxo qveyanaSi
apirebs, am qveynis gasacnobad, kvlav rCeba oficialuri
media da maTive qveynis sagareo saqmeTa saministros
veb-gverdze ganTavsebuli informaciebi.
CvenTvis saintereso iyo mogveZia, Segveswavla da
gagveanalizebia Tu romel qveynebs aqvT aseTi informa-
ciebi, ra saxis informaciebi vrceldeba saqarTvelos
Sesaxeb, ra periodulobiT xdeboda maTi ganaxleba da
Canacvleba uaxlesi informaciiT da bolos, rogor ic-
vleba qveyanaze arsebuli warmodgena, ukeTesobisaken,
Tu piriqiT, uaresobisaken.
aseTi saxis informaciebi aqvT safrangeTis, ingli-
sis, kanadis, aSS-s, belgiis, Sveicariis, avstraliis, av-
striis sagareo uwyebebs.
aRniSnuli masalebis safuZvelze turistebisaTvis
saqarTvelo naklebad mimzidvel da metad arastabilu-
ri qveynis imijis matarebelia, rasac maTive saitebze
gadmocemuli da qveyanaSi detalurad aRwerili mimdi-
nare mZime kriminaluri mdgomareoba adasturebs.
`qveyana, sadac RamiT Tavisuflad gadaadgileba,
samkaulebiT quCaSi seirnoba saSiSia~ _ daaxloebiT ase-
Ti saxis informaciebs avrceleben sagareo uwyebebi sa-
qarTvelos Sesaxeb, rasac TavianT moqalqeebze ganxor-
cielebuli danaSaulis maCvenebliT xsnian.

20
 avstraliis sagareo uwyeba ucxoeTis qveynebs
usafrTxoebis donis TvalsazrisiT Semdeg safexurebad
hyofs (ixile: 5):
1. gamoiCinon sifrTxile pirad usafrTxoebasTan
dakavSirebiT
2. gamoiCinon sifrTxile
3. sifrTxilis maRali done
4. kidev erTxel gadaamowmon da gadaavlon Tvali
mogzaurobis saWiroebas am qveyanaSi
4. ar gaemgzavron
usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT mezobeli somxeTi da
azerbaijani me-2 grafaSia Sesuli, maSin rodesac saqar-
Tvelos usafrTxoebis me-3 grafaSi aTavseben, rac imas
gulisxmobs, rom sagareo uwyeba faqtiurad urCevs av-
straliis moqalaqeebs, rom saqarTveloSi Camosvlisagan
Tavi Seikavon. es informacia 2008 wlis agvistos ruseT
- saqarTvelos omis Semdeg daido maT saitze. es gax-
lavT is rekomendaciebi, rasac isini sakuTar Tanamoqa-
laqeebs saqarTveloSi Camosvlisas sTavazoben:
• saWiroa, rom uari Tqvan dedaqalaqSi RamiT gada-
adgilebaze;
• Sebindebisas Tavi aaridon dedaqalaqis quCebSi
marto gasvlasa da gaseirnebas. aseve urCeven, rom gada-
adgildnen wiTeli feris oficialuri taqsis saSuale-
biT.
• SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxmis dros aranari saxis wi-
naaRmdegoba ar gauwion Tavdamsxmels, romelic ZiriTa-
dad maTi gaZarcviT unda iyos motivirebuli.
aRsaniSnia is garemoeba, rom daaxloebiT 2007
wlamde oficialur saitebze ido detaluri informacia
maTi moqalaqeebis mimarT ganxorcielebuli danaSau-
lebrivi qmedebebisa, rogoric iyo: maTi gataceba, fizi-
kuri angariSsworeba da aseve maTi sicocxlis xelyofis

21
amsaxveli faqtebi, Tumca Cvenda sasixarulod es in-
formaciebi ukve ramdenime welia, rac aRar devs.
aSS-s saxelmwifo departamentis gancxadebiT, dana-
Sauli saqarTvelosTvis Zalian seriozul problemad
rCeba. (ixile: 2) arsebobs didi gansxvaveba ucxoeli mo-
qalaqeebisa da qarTvelebis umravlesobis finansur Se-
mosvlebTan dakavSirebiT. qarTvelebi gansakuTrebulad
mdidrad amerikis moqalaqeebs aRiqvamen da swored ami-
tomac maTi danaSaulebrivi qmedebis samizne ekonomiku-
ri motiviT xSirad amerikis moqalaqeebi xdebian. ameri-
kel moqalaqeebze ganxorcielebul danaSaulebaTa um-
ravlesoba, rogorc saelCo acxadebs gaxldaT Semdegi
xasiaTis: dayaCaReba sacxovrebel adgilsa Tu avtomo-
bilSi, maTTvis avtomobilis moparva da iaraRis gamoye-
nebiT sxvadasxva saxis qurdobebi.
usafrTxoeba aseve yvelaze mniSvnelovani da um-
Tavresi sakiTxia nebismieri adamianisaTvis, gansakuTre-
biT ki im ucxoelisaTvis, romelic misTvis sruliad
ucxo qveyanaSi apirebs Camosvlas da miTumetes sakuTa-
ri biznesis warmoebas. usafrTxoebis mdgomareobis
mxriv, saqarTvelo metad arastabiluri da naklebad
usafrTxo qveynis imijiT warmogvidgeba. ucxoeTis qvey-
nebis sagareo uwyebebi Zalian kargad arian informire-
bulni saqarTveloSi mimdinare gare da Sida politiku-
ri procesebiT da im mdgomareobiT rac dRes konfliq-
tur regionebSia. swored amitom TavianT moqalaqeebs
saqarTveloSi yofnis dros yovelgvari saxis gadaadgi-
lebas SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pirdapir ukrZalaven e. w.
samxreT oseTis, afxazeTis da pankisis xeobis terito-
riebze. ucxoeTis sagareo saqmeTa saministroebis veb _
gverdze ganTavsebuli informaciebi saqarTveloSi ar-
sebuli usafrTxoebis mdgomareobis amsaxveli faqtebiT
TiTqmis identuria da bevrad arafriT gansxvavdeba er-
TmaneTisagan, Tumca 2008 wlis agvistos omis Semdeg

22
zogadi suraTi icvleba da amjerad akrZalul regio-
nebs ukve sxva teritoriebic emateba da acxadeben, rom
rusuli samxedro nawilebi kvlavac rCebian axalgorSi,
perevSi, afxazeTSi kodoris xeobaSi, aseve afxazeTisa
da samxreT oseTis sxva danarCen teritoriebzec.
miuxedavad imisa, rom samxedro operaciebi Sewyda,
daZabuli mdgomareoba kvlavac rCeba da isini ar gamo-
ricxaven rom sabrZolo moqmedebebi nebismier dros Se-
iZleba ganaxldes. TiTqmis yvela uwyeba xazs usvavs im
faqts, rom e.w samxreT oseTi da afxazeTi saqarTvelos
teritoriebi gaxlavT da rom maTi damoukideblobis
aRiareba ar momxadara saerTaSoriso doneze rom saqar-
Tvelos mTavroba ar cnobs samxreT oseTisa da afxaze-
Tis calmxriv damoukideblobas saerTaSoriso samar-
Tlis gaTvaliswinebiT da agrZelebs pretenzias da mo-
iTxovs am or regions. inglisis gaerTianebuli samefos
mTavroba da aseve aSS-s saxelmwifo departamenti, yvela
evrokavSiris qveynebTan erTad amarTlebs mis am ufle-
bas, Tumca erT-erTi gaxldaT avstraliis sagareo saq-
meTa saministro, romelic TiTqmis arsad ar usvams xazs
saqarTvelos teritoriul mTlianobas (ixile 4).
aSS-s saxelmwifo departamenti da aseve inglisis
gaerTianebuli samefo pirdapir afrTxilebs Tavis mo-
qalaqeebs, rom ar SeiZinon e.w. samxreT oseTsa da afxa-
zeTis teritoriaze arsebuli uZravi qoneba, radganac
aseT SemTxvevaSi im pirebs, romlebic saqarTvelos xe-
lisuflebis nebarTvis gareSe ganaxorcieleben amgvari
saxis operaciebs daekisrebaT msxvili fuladi jarima
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo da sisxlis samarTlis kanonis
Sesabamisad. maTive TqmiT, kerZo sakuTrebis mflobe-
lobis sakiTxi gaurkvevelia orive regionSi. bevri iZu-
lebiT gadaadgilebuli piri gamoTqvams pretenzias sa-
kuTar qonebaze. aRniSnuli sakuTrebis gasxvisebas moh-
yveba seriozuli finansuri da samarTlebrivi garTule-

23
bebi. am uZravi qonebis Semsyidvelebi iZulebulni Seiq-
mnebian pasuxi agon saqarTvelos kanonis winaSe, anda
wardgen evropis sasamarTloSi da maT Soris britaneTis
sasamarTloSi. swored amitomac, potenciurma myidve-
lebma unda gaiTvaliswinon mosalodneli Sedegebi sam-
xreT oseTisa da afxazeTis teritoriaze arsebuli qo-
nebis SesyidvasTan dakavSirebiT.
ramodenime wlis win safrangeTis sagareo uwyebas
saitis mTavar gverdze CamoTvlili qonda turistebi-
saTvis akrZaluli qveynebis sia, sadac turistebs faq-
tiurad ar urCevdnen gamgzavrebas da swored amitomac
usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT es metad sayuradRebo
qveynebi wiTeli Zaxilis niSniT iyvenen aRniSnulni. da-
axlebiT 2004 wlamde am qveynebs Soris saqarTveloc fi-
gurirebda (samxreT oseTi, afxazeTi da pankisis xeoba),
magram 2005 wlidan saqarTvelo tovebs am saxelmwifoTa
rigebs.
ucxo qveyanaSi Casuli turistisaTvis aseve mniS-
vnelovania qveyanaSi arsebuli infrastruqtura da misi
ganviTarebis done, saerTod ra mdgomareobaSi imyofeba
am saxelmwifoSi moqmedi satransporto sistema da sa-
erTod infrastruqtura, swored amdenad mniSvnelova-
nia Tu ra saxis informaciebs avrceleben sagareo uwye-
bebi saqarTveloSi arsebuli satransporto sistemis
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. maTi gancxadebiT, qveyanaSi aqti-
urad xdeba adgilobrivi policiis kontroli mTlian
sagzao qselze. saqarTveloSi Camosul Tanamoqalaqeebs
sagareo uwyebebi avtomobilis marTvis procesSi sif-
rTxilisken mouwodeben, radganac maTi azriT, saqar-
TveloSi Zalian bevri adgilobrivi mZRoli ar marTavs
avtomobils sagzao wesebis Sesabamisad. SuqniSnebi da
sagzao niSnebi xSirad TiTqmis ignorirebulia. mZRole-
bi xSirad marTaven avtomobils gaufrTxileblad da ga-
daWarbebuli siCqariT. xSiria xolme swrafi siCqariT

24
momavali avtomobilebis mier momxxdari avariebi, rom-
lebic cdiloben win gauswron ucbad gamomxtari brma
mosaxvevidan momaval avtomobils. quCebi ZiriTad cud
mdgomareobaSi imyofeba da akliaT sagzao niSnebi da
gamyofi xazebi. ufro metic, sagzao SuqniSnebi SeiZleba
ar funqcionirebdnen da mwyobridan iyvnen gamosuli.
samwuxarod aSkaraa, rom safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa
saministros gamoklebiT (ixile 3), romelic kargad aris
informirebuli am sakiTxSi, danarCeni qveynebis oficia-
luri uwyebebi ar arian informirebuli qveyanaSi sat-
ransporto da saavtomobilo gzebze Catarebuli farTo
masStabiani samuSaobis Sesaxeb.
aSS-s saxelmwifo departamentis gancxadebiT, sa-
qarTveloSi religiuri umciresobebi xSirad arian xol-
me samizne, kerZod ki maTi msxverpli Zalian xSirad ie-
Rovas mowmeebi aRmoCndnen, maT Soris iyvnen aseve bap-
tistebi da RvTis kavSiris mimdevrebi. incidentebSi
igulisxmeba maTi literaturis ganadgureba, kerZo sa-
kuTrebis damtvreva da zogjer maTi fizikuri angariS-
sworeba (zogjer sakmaod mZimed), aseTi saxis inciden-
tebs hqonda adgili amerikel moqalaqeebzec. miuxeda-
vad imisa, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobam 2005 wels daaka-
va, damnaSaved cno da daapatimra damnaSaveTa organize-
buli jgufi, amerikis mTavroba saqarTveloSi myof Ta-
namoqalaqeebs TavianTi religiuri aRmsareblobis Ses-
rulebisas mainc sifrTxilisaken mouwodebs.
saqarTvelos, romelsac uamravi mimzidveli mdida-
ri resursebi gaaCnia, misi am turistuli potencialis
Sesaxeb TiTqmis araferi ar aris naxsenebi ucxoeTis sa-
itebze. erTaderTi informacia, rasac isini avrceleben
gaxlavT informacia alpinizmTan dakavSirebiT. sagareo
uwyeba alpinizmis moyvarulebs ar urCevs saqarTvelos
mTebSi marto mogzaurobas, saWiroa rom isini Seuer-
Tdnen specialur organizebul turistul jgufebs,

25
radganac rTulia saqarTveloSi zusti informaciis mi-
Reba mTebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, vinaidan mTaSi amindi
araprognozirebdia da SesaZloa, rom saWiroebis Sem-
TxvevaSi ver moxerxdes Sesabamisi daxmarebis aRmoCena
(ixile 6).
Cveni kvlevis mizani iyo Segveswavla, Tu ramdenad
mimzidveli turistuli imiji aqvs dRes saqarTvelos
sazRvargareT, romlis safuZvlad gamoviyene msoflios
wamyvani qveynebis sagareo saqmeTa saministroebis ofi-
cialuri veb _ gverdebi. vTvli, rom saqarTvelos Sesa-
xeb gavrcelebuli informaciebi da maTi Sefasebebi Za-
lian axlos dgas realobasTan. miuxedavad saqarTvelos
mTavrobis mier gadagmuli seriozuli pozitiuri nabi-
jebisa da gatarebuli reformebisa, saqarTvelo maT-
Tvis mainc rCeba `zomierad saSiS~ qveynad. dasavleTis
qveynebis mier yvelaze meti aqcenti keTdeba qveyanaSi
arastabilur kriminalur garemosa da konfliqturi re-
gionebis mimarT. maTive gancxadebiT, e. w samxreT ose-
Ti, afxazeTi, pankisis xeoba kvlavac rCeba sxvadasxva
saxis teroristuli aqtebis samizned, sadac adamianTa
gataceba, afeTqeba da sicocxlis xelyofa Cveul mov-
lenas warmoadgens. qveyanaSi arsebuli kriminaluri ga-
remo, gadauWreli konfliqtebi, Sida politikuri daZa-
buloba xels uSlis turizmis ganviTarebsa da investi-
cebis Semosvlas qveyanaSi.
agvistos omis Semdgom didi kiTxvis qveS dadga sa-
qarTvelos, rogorc stabiluri satranzito da turis-
tuli qveynis imiji. mniSvnelovnad gauaresda investor-
Ta dacvis garantiebi, ris gamoc uamravma investorma
uari ganacxada saqarTveloSi investiciebis Cadebaze,
ris gamoc saqarTvelom dakarga stabiluri qveynis imi-
ji. ucxoeTis oficialur saitebze ganTavsebul da Ses-
wavlil masalaTa safuZvelze SeiZleba gamovyoT Semde-

26
gi faqtorebi, romlebic yvelaze negatiurad moqmede-
ben saqarTvelos imijze, es faqtorebi gaxlavT:
• qveyanaSi arsebuli kriminogenuli mdgomareoba;
• qveynis turistuli sareklamo kampaniebisa da
marketinguli RonisZiebebis arasakmarisoba;
•ekonomikuri mimzidvelobis dabali done;
• arasaTanado sainvestico klimati;
• gadauWreli da gayinuli konfliqtebi;
• qveyanaSi arsebuli demokratiuli institutebis
ganviTarebis dabali done;
Tanamedrove garemoSi turizms sul ufro da ufro
meti da sapasuxismgeblo amocanebi ekisreba, romelTa-
ganac gamovyofT turizmis, rogorc teritoriis imijis
formirebis faqtors. teritoriis dadebiT saxe anu imi-
ji, brendi, yalibdeba uamravi faqtoris zemoqmedebis
Sedegad _ es aris ekonomikis ganviTarebis done, in-
frastruqturis, transportis, momsaxurebis sferos
ganviTarebis xarisxi, rekreaciuli resursebis arsebo-
ba, teritoriis ekologiuri Sedgeniloba, aseve misi sa-
erTo investiciuri mimzidveloba. teritoriis dadebi-
Ti imijis formirebaze ufro met zegavlenas axdens
ekonomikis zogadi mdgomareoba da infrastruqturisa
da momsaxurebis sferos ganviTarebis xarisxi. am mxriv
turizmis marketingma saTanado muSaoba unda Caataros.
ekonomikis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT amas SesaZlebe-
lia gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqondes investiciebis mo-
sazidad.
saqarTveloSi turistuli industriis ganviTarebi-
saTvis saWiroa Semdegi RonisZiebebis gatareba xeli-
suflebis mxridan:
• turistuli resursebis xelaxali Sefaseba;
• saTanado infrastruqturis Seqmna;

27
 • qveynis ekologiuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba
da mosaxleobis ekologiuri ganaTlebis donis amaRle-
ba;
• saerTaSoriso bazarze saqarTvelosa da azerbai-
janis turistuli resursebis Sesaxeb farTo sareklamo
saqmianobis organizacia.
swored amitom aris mniSvnelovani, rom gansakuT-
rebuli yuradReba daeTmos saqarTvelos xelisuflebis
mxridan, saqarTvelos, rogorc turizmisa da sainvesti-
cio nakadebisaTvis usafrTxo da mimzidveli qveynis
imijze muSaobas. aSkaraa, rom saqarTvelos dadebiTi
imijis formirebisaTvis saWiroa ufro meti da serio-
zuli energiis daxarjva, kidev ufro meti dinamikis ga-
movlena sakuTari qveynis imijis mSeneblobis procesSi.

Abstract
Eka Darbaidze – PhD student of the Faculty of Social and
Political Sciences of TSU.

The Image o Georgia in theWestern Countries

A positive country image has manifold advantages. There are

several opportunities for the practical application of these findings by
marketing professionals dealing with tourism and country image
matters. Amongst direct political and economic benefits are the
expansion of tourism, a better position in privatization transactions,
foreign investors' increased interest, improved image and
competitive position of our entrepreneurs abroad, a more positive
external attitude to governmental credit and loan applications,
stronger support and international reactions to foreign policy efforts,
the strengthening of the national ties and the national consciousness
of Hungarians living abroad.

28
 The paper deals with the image of Georgia, based on the
analyses of the infomration provided by the MFA’s of the leading
countries of the world. The particular emphasis is put on the modern
circumstances of Georgia, pointing to the issues of security in the
conflict regions and general criminal situation in the whole country.
The main factors hampering the formation of the positive image of
Georgia is provided in the paper.

gamoyenebuli da citirebuli literatura :

1. saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministro

www.mfa.gov.ge/index.pxp?sec_id=376&lang_id=GEO
2. aSS-s saxelmwifo departamenti
http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/tw/tw_4327.html
3. safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa saministro
http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/conseils-aux-
voyageurs_909/index.html
4. britaneTisa da CrdiloeT irlandiis gaerTianebu-
li samefos sagareo saqmeTa saministro
http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-
by-country/europe/
5. avstraliis sagareo saqmeTa da vaWrobis saminis-
tro
http://www.smartraveller.gov.au/zw-cgi/view/Advice/
6. kanadis sagareo saqmeTa saministro
http://www.voyage.gc.ca/index-fra.asp
7. www.economy.ge/allfiles/trade%20turnover%202008
8. http://www.regard-est.com/home/breve_contenu.php?id=742
9. http://www.ieim.uqam.ca/spip.php?page=article-
cepes&id_article=5297
10. World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

29
 politikis velisa da Jurnalistikis velis
Sexvedris adgili: saqarTvelos energoseqtori
omisSemdgom qarTul presaSi
flora esebua
socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa
fakulteti, sociologiis mimarTuleba,
doqtoranti.

epoqa, romelSic Cven vcxovrobT, bevrma mecnierma

monaTla rogorc informaciuli. am droSi politikac
axal Tvisebebs iZens; mas uwevs moqmedeba axal sibrtye-
Si, sadac Tavad gvevlineba erTdroulad rogorc de-
terminatoris, aseve determinirebulis rolSi. dRes
ukve saubaria avtonomiur politikur velze, romelzec
yvelaze did gavlenas masobrivi komunikaciis saSuale-
bebi axdenen.
velis cneba frangi sociologis pier burdies so-
cioanalizis erT-erTi ZiriTadi kategoriaa. ar arse-
bobs velis calmxrivi da erTmniSvnelovani ganmarteba.
socialur urTierTobaTa erToblioba ar aris raRac
amorfuli an erTgvarovani ram, aramed warmoadgens
garkveuli struqturiT ganpirobebul sistemas. “veli _
es aris ZalTa adgilsamyofeli, met-naklebad damouki-
debeli sivrce, struqturirebuli opoziciebiT...; es
aris gansakuTrebuli adgili, sadac adgili aqvs sruli-
ad mravalferovan brZolas~ (4, 37).
“veli aris ZalTa koncentraciis adgili, romlis
farglebSic agentebi floben garkveul poziciebs, rac
statistikurad gansazRvravs maT Sexedulebas am velze
da maT praqtikebze, romlebic orientirebulia im Zal-
Ta urTierTobis struqturis SenarCunebaze an Secvla-
ze, romlebic qmnian am vels” (4,109). veli warmoadgens

30
socialuri sinamdvilis erTgvar moduss. es aris ZalTa
urTierToba da brZolis sivrce, sadac brZola da Zal-
Ta gadanawileba xorcieldeba am ZalTa erTobliobis
transformaciisTvis. velis SigniT adgili aqvs konku-
rencias da brZolas imis legitimirebisaTvis, risTvisac
mimdinareobs brZola am konkretul velSi.
nebismier vels hyavs agenti. agentebi, imyofebian
ra garkveuli velis farglebSi, reagireben ZalTa gada-
nawilebaze, struqturebze, axdenen maT konstruirebas,
da miuxedavad imisa, rom ganicdian garkveul zewolas,
maT mainc aqvT unari zemoqmedeba moaxdinon velze; isi-
ni moqmedeben velSi winaswar dadgenili wesebis Sesaba-
misad, magram, imavdroulad, gaaCniaT Tavisuflebis
garkveuli xarisxi.
pier burdie Tvlis, rom politikuri veli aris er-
Tgvari mikrokosmi da ganmartavs, rom sityva mikrokos-
mi miuTiTebs imaze, rom politikuri universumi yvela
institutTan da partiasTan, funqcionirebis wesTan da
agentTan erTad, warmoadgens avtonomiur samyaros, mik-
rokosmoss, romelic socialur mikrokosmSia moTavse-
bili; “politikuri mikrokosmi aris erTgvari universu-
mi, romelic CarTulia didi universumis funqcionire-
bis kanonebSi da, miuxedavad amisa, flobs SedarebiT av-
tonomias am universumis SigniT da emorCileba sakuTar
nomos-s, anu, sakuTar avtonomiur kanons” (4,112). swo-
red es SedarebiTi avtonomia unda gaviTvaliswinoT am
universumis SigniT aRmocenebuli praqtikebis gasage-
bad.
politikuri veli ar arsebobs sxva velebTan urTi-
erTobis gareSe. is mudmiv interaqciaSia sxva velebTan;
velis amocana imaSi mdgomareobs, rom sakuTari princi-
pebi Tavs moaxvios sxva velebs, amitomac axorcielebs
politikur komunikacias, rac gulisxmobs “politikuri
informaciis gadacemis process, romlis wyalobiTac

31
igi moZraobs politikuri sistemis erTi nawilidan meo-
reSi da brunavs politikur sistemasa da socialur sis-
temas Soris” (1,144). socialur sistemasTan komunikaci-
is erT-erT saukeTeso saSualebas swored beWduri me-
dia warmoadgens. marTalia, beWduri media televiziaze
naklebadaa gavrcelebuli, magram sakmaod efeqturi
formaa. SedarebiT farTo auditoriaze gasvlas poli-
tikis agentebi da “azrTa liderebi” swored beWduri
mediis saSualebiT cdiloben.
nebismieri politikuri jgufis Tu calkeuli fi-
guris mizans sakuTari auditoriis gazrda da saWiro an
saWiroze meti xmis miReba warmoadgens. informacia, ro-
melsac amomrCevels Tu potenciur amomrCevels awvdian
presis saSualebiT, uqmnis auditorias STabeWdilebas
da uyalibebs garkveul pozicias.
Tamamad SeiZleba imis Tqma, rom Tanamedrove samya-
roSi politikur sivrceSi warmatebis misaRwevad mediis
saukeTeso formas televizia warmoadgens, radganac po-
litikis veli cdilobs eleqtoratis maqsimaluri rao-
denoba moicvas; Tumca politikur TamaSSi mxolod te-
levizia rodi monawileobs. beWduri media, miuxedavad
imisa, rom misi auditoria naklebad mravalricxovania,
CarTulia axali drois “media-logikaSi”, rac siaxleze,
sainteresosa da mimzidvelze orientacias gulisxmobs.
axali drois politika, sarCinelis TqmiT, “ar aris
kompetenturi, Tu is ar aris kompetenturi mks-is sfe-
roSi” (8,41). axal epoqaSi ZiriTadi politikuri diskur-
si Riaa imisaTvis, rom igi warmodgenil iqnas mediaSi. es
aris ara mxolod survili, aramed aucilebloba; swo-
red amitom, politikosebi nebismier gancxadebas, nebis-
mier Temaze saubarsa Tu gamoCenas sainformacio velSi,
politikuri sityvis Tqmis JanrSi aqceven da cdiloben
xSirad moxvdnen am velSi, radganac esmiT “politikis
mediatizaciis” mniSvneloba. es movlena zogjer aRiqme-

32
ba politikis kolonizaciad mediis mier, zogjer ki pi-
riqiT, mediis kolonizaciad politikis mier (14,200).
logikurad Cndeba kiTxva velis avtonomiurobis
Sesaxeb. realobaSi arsebuli mravali velidan Jurna-
listikis veli flobs avtonomiurobis sakmaod dabal
xarisxs. am velis gageba SeuZlebelia mxolod gare an
Sida konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT; aq erTnairad mniSvne-
lovania imis codna, Tu vin afinansebs mas, vin aris rek-
lamis damkveTi da a.S. da isic, Tu rogor zemoqmedeben
Tavad is adamianebi erTmaneTze, romlebic am velSi
floben garkveul pozociebs.
rac Seexeba politikis vels, dRes igi aris erT-er-
Ti yvelaze avtonomiuri veli (4,115). rac metadaa avto-
nomiuri veli, miT metadaa SesaZlebeli misi axsna velis
logikiT. Tumca, avtonomiuribis maRali xarisxi imas
rodi niSnavs, rom politikis vels ara aqvs saerTo sxva
velebTan da mas mxolod sakuTari logikiT avxsniT.
TiTqmis yvela vels aerTianebs pretenzia sxvebs Tavs
moaxvion socialuri samyaros legitimuri xedva da Ti-
Toeuli maTgani awarmoebs brZolas “xedvisa” da “dayo-
fis” gabatonebuli principis sxvebisaTvis Tavsmosaxve-
vad. politikuri veli Jurnalistikis velis gansakuT-
rebuli zegavlenis qveS eqceva da misi axsna konteqstis
gaTvaliswinebis gareSe warmoudgenelia, ramdenadac
Jurnalistikis veli, miuxedavad naklebi avtonomiuro-
bisa, sul ufro met gavlenas axdens politikis velze.
politikuri subieqtebisaTvis sainformacio veli,
am velze xSiri gamoCena, garkveuli sainformacio domi-
nirebis miRweva da im pirobebis Sesruleba, romelsac
informaciuli epoqa ayenebs, “sasicocxlo mniSvnelo-
bis” matarebelia.
me-20 saukunidan dRemde msoflio radikalur
transformaciebs ganicdis da amas, sxva bevr mizezTan
erTad, komunikaciis formebic (presa, radio, televi-

33
zia, kompiuteri) ganapirobeben. TiToeuli maTgani Tavi-
seburad axdens zegavlenas adamianis cxovrebis wesze.
masobrivi komunikaciis saSualebebi (mks) aris ganaTle-
bis, informaciis gacvlisa da garTobis saSualeba, ro-
melic iWreba TiToeuli individis cxovrebaSi daukiT-
xavad.
dRes komunikacias sami ZiriTadi interpretacia ga-
aCnia:
1. saSualeba materialuri da sulieri samyaros
obieqtebis dakavSirebisa;
2. informaciis gacvlaze dafuZnebuli urTierTo-
ba;
3. informaciis masobrivi miwodeba da gacvla sazo-
gadoebaze zemoqmedebis mizniT (10, 53).
sazogadoeba Tavadaa komunikaciis forma, romlis
meSveobiTac xdeba gamocdilebis aRwera, modificireba
Tu gacvla. is, rasac Cven sazogadoebas vuwodebT ar
aris mxolod politikuri an ekonomikuri qseli, aramed
aris komunikaciisa da swavlis procesi. komunikacia iw-
yeba brZoliT swavlasa da aRweras Soris; “viwyebT ra am
process gonebaSi da gadavcemT ra mis Sedegebs sxvebs,
Cven damokidebulni varT komunikaciis garkveul mode-
lebze, romelTa meSveobiTac SesaZlebelia kontaqti sa-
erTod. Cven SegviZlia SevcvaloT es modelebi, roca
isini araadeqvaturia arsebuli situaciisaTvis. mTeli
Cveni cxovreba, saboloo jamSi, aris am modelebis
cvla, razedac Cveni energiis udidesi nawili ixarjeba.
igi cvlis politikur da ekonomikur institutebs. me-
tic, komunikaciuri modelebis umravlesoba socialur
institutad iqceva. swored maT unda uzrunvelyon
sxvadasxva sferos arseboba da funqcionireba” (15, 45).
Tavis droze, komunikaciis formebis gavrceleba
swored ganaTlebis sistemas ukavSirdeboda; me-18 sau-
kunidan, mas Semdeg, rac adamianebma gaacnobieres, rom

34
wera-kiTxvis codna aucilebelia ara mxolod elitaru-
li wris warmomadgenelTaTvis, aramed nebismieri mok-
vdavisaTvis, Seiqmna Sesabamisi pirobebi, romlebic xels
uwyobda adamianebis swavla-ganaTlebas; adamianebma mii-
Res meti informacia am samyarosa da masSi mimdinare
movlenebze. es procesi uSualod iyo dakavSirebuli
skolaTa qselis SeqmnasTan da sabeWdi saSualebebis gav-
rcelebasTan. komunikaciis Tanamedrove formebs, Tav-
dapirvelad, me-18 saukuneSi, gaCnda gazeTi, romelic
informaciis gadacemis ZiriTad saSualebas warmoadgen-
da; me-19 saukuneSi Cndeba gazeTis yoveldRiuri gamo-
cemebi aSS-Si, romelTa Rirebuleba erT cents ar aRe-
mateboda da xelmisawvdomi iyo yvelasTvis (5, 415).
me-20 saukuneSi Tanmimdevrulad Cndeba radio, te-
levizia da kompiuteri. droTa ganmavlobaSi, komunika-
ciis saSualebebi marTlac iqca masobrivad; dRes ukve
saubaria msoflio sainformacio wesrigze. Tanamedrove
samyaroSi arsebobs “erTiani samyaros” gancda, rasac
mks qmnian. msoflio sainformacio sistemaSi wamyvani
adgili dasavlur industriul qveynebs ukaviaT, magram
“globaluri sofeli” mainc arsebobs da mis funqcioni-
rebaSi yvelas Seaqvs sakuTari wvlili.
informacia aris axali epoqis mTavari mamoZravebe-
li Zala; is aris warmoebis ZiriTadi forma da produq-
ti. sxva materialur produqtebTan SedarebiT informa-
cias, rogorc produqts, mravali upiratesoba aqvs
(2,34). informacia ar cvdeba; misi mravaljeradi gamoye-
neba avtomaturad ar iwvevs mis gaqrobas. informaciis
swrafi tiraJireba martivad aris SesaZlebeli. misi ko-
reqtuli gadacemis SemTxvevaSi is ar kargavs sakuTar
arss; igi ekonomiuria: Tu materialuri produqti mud-
mivad saWiroebs kvlavwarmoebas, informacias es ar
sWirdeba; sakmarisia misi erTxel warmoeba da, sworad
Senaxvis SemTxvevaSi, mas araferi emuqreba.

35
 Tanamedrove samyaroSi mks-is mniSvnelovan rolze
aravin davobs. am mniSvnelobis gasazomad mecnierebi sam
“sidides” iReben:
1. mediis roli da adgili yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi;
2. erovnul ekonomikaSi mks-is roli;
3. media, rogorc politikuri gancxadebebis mauw-
yebeli.
pirveli sidide _ yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi mediis
adgili, namdvilad mniSvnelovania. statistikuri mona-
cemebiT, britaneTsa da aSS-Si mosaxleobis 97-98%-s
aqvs televizori da yoveldRe TiToeuli adamiani cis-
fer ekranTan 3-4 saaTs atarebs (15, 332).
Sesabamisad, televizia aris umniSvnelovanesi ada-
mianTa socializaciis procesisaTvis. rac Seexeba eko-
nomikur sidides: media TamaSobs umniSvnelovanes rols
erovnuli produqtis warmoebasa da gavrcelebaSi; ag-
reTve, didia biujetSi Setanili gadasaxadis maCvenebe-
lic. mesame sidide _ politikuri _ aris yvelaze mniS-
vnelovani Cven SemTxvevaSi, radganac media aq gvevline-
ba brZolis iaraRad politikur valze. aq ki unda aRi-
niSnos mks-sadmi funqcionaluri midgoma. igi xazs us-
vams mediis erT konkretul-politikur funqcias. in-
gliseli sociologis, merdokis politikur TeoriaSi
mks-is moRvaweobis umniSvnelovanes sferos politika
warmoadgens. robert mertonic mks-s ganixilavs, ro-
gorc TviTorganizebad da TviTkontrolirebad qvesis-
temas, romelic dadgenili politikuri CarCoebis far-
glebSi funqcionirebs (10, 57).
pier burdie saubrobs mks-is did rolze Tanamed-
rove samyaroSi da acxadebs, rom Jurnalistikis veli,
romelic mWidro kavSirSia politikur velTan, miuxeda-
vad avtonomiurobis SedarebiT dabali xarisxisa, sul
ufro met gavlenas axdens sxva velebze. es veli or po-
luss Soris arsebuli opoziciis safuZvelzea struq-

36
turirebuli: saxelmwifos (agreTve, politikuri Tu
ekonomikuri) zegavlenisagan SedarebiT damoukidebeli
polusi da am Zalebze damokidebuli polusi (4, 129).
marTalia, mas-media bevri funqciis matarebelia da
ZiriTadad erTi mizani _ mogebis miReba amoZravebs, mag-
ram kargad icis, rom mas iseve karnaxobs sakuTar wesebs
auditoria, rogorc Tavad media am ukanasknels. mks
aris biznesi, romelic warmatebuli mxolod maSin SeiZ-
leba iyos, roca igi iTvaliswinebs auditoriis moTxov-
nebs; winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, igi dakargavs Zalauflebas
da, saerTodac, Sewyvets arsebobas. komunikacia auci-
leblad gulisxmobs ori mxaris arsebobas _ recipienti-
komunikatori da maT Soris urTierTobas ara calmxri-
vi, aramed ormxrivi xasiaTi aqvs da am faqtis ugule-
belyofa wamgebiania TiToeul polusze ganlagebuli Za-
lisaTvis.
miuxedavad qarTul media-sivrceSi arsebuli bevri
problemisa, saqarTveloSi mainc arsebobs telekompani-
ebi Tu gazeTebi, romelTa mflobelebic kerZo pirebi
arian. imis miuxedavad, rom presas mTel msoflioSi da,
maT Soris saqarTveloSic auditoriis mxolod 10-15%
Tu ecnoba aqtiurad, presa mainc mniSvnelovani media-
saSualebaa. is, sul mcire, aqtiurad monawileobs mim-
dinare politikur procesebSi. “miuxedavad Seqmnili vi-
Tarebisa, mediac da politikuri Zalebic qmnian iluzi-
as, TiTqos isini gavlenas axdenen mTel sazogadoebaze
swored mediis saSualebiT” (3, 27).
presis SemTxvevaSi kargad muSaobs pol lazar-
sfeldis “ormxrivi komunikaciis Teoria”, romlis Ta-
naxmadac politikuri Zalebi sakuTar ideebs acnoben
“azrTa liderebs”, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, gavlenas ax-
denen konkretul jgufebze; anu, xdeba miRebuli in-
formaciis ganxilva da interpretacia im adamianebis mi-
er, romlebic garkveuli avtoritetiT sargebloben

37
jgufebSi da iqcevian azrTa generatorebad imiT, rom
mxars uWeren (an ar uWeren) konkretul ideas, gadawyve-
tilebas; “azrTa liderebi” SeiZleba ganvixiloT media-
torebis rolSi. mediatoris rolSi gvevlinebian, ro-
gorc konkretuli avtorebi, aseve respondentebi, rom-
lebic konkretul sakiTxebze eqspertul Sefasebebs ake-
Teben.
aqve SeiZleba mivuTiToT h. lasuelis mier Camoya-
libebuli konfiguracia, romelic moicavs informaciis
gadacemis mTel gzas: “vin acnobebs, ras acnobebs, ro-
gori arxebiT, vis da rogori efeqtiT” (1, 149). am sqemis
mixedviT, konkretuli Jurnalistebi konkretuli eq-
spertebis saSualebiT cdiloben gaugzavnon auditori-
as konkretuli gzavnili presis saSualebiT. Tavad pre-
sis mkiTxvelTagan bevri SesaZloa iyos “azrTa lideri”
sakuTar socialur jgufSi da Tavad gaxdes ideis gene-
ratori. yoveli konkretuli statiis Semdeg gaCenili
kiTxvebi da diskusia aris imis garanti, rom konkretul
Temaze moxdeba aqcentis gadatana imaze gacilebiT meti
adamianisa, vidre konkretuli gazeTis an Tundac sta-
tiis mkiTxvelia.
am statiaSi Cemi kvlevis sagans warmoadgens ara
mxolod pier burdies xedva politikis, ekonomikisa da
Jurnalistikis velebze, an media-saSualebebis rolze,
aramed am konteqstSi konkretuli sakiTxis gaanalizeba.
kerZod, kvlevis sakiTxad avirCie saqarTvelos energo-
seqtoris gaSuqeba agvistos omis Semdgom qarTul pre-
saSi.
saqarTvelos energoseqtori qarTuli politikuri
diskursis Semadgeneli nawilia. saqarTvelos saerTaSo-
riso energetikul proeqtebSi monawileoba, saqarTve-
los pozicionireba, rogorc energoderefnisa aris Te-
ma, romelzec TiTqmis yvela politikuri Zala apeli-
rebs.

38
 Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom nebismieri
politikuri Zala Tu lideri sakuTari imijis pozicio-
nirebisas cdilobs Tundac erTi “grandiozuli” ideis
generireba moaxdinos da sakuTar politikur programa-
Si debs muxls konkretuli didi gegmis ganxorcielebis
Sesaxeb, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom saqarTvelos geopo-
litikuri mdgomareoba da misi rogorc energoderefnis
pozicionireba aris saqarTvelos politikuri elitis
samoqmedo gegmis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi nawili.
amdenad, qveynis energoseqtori da seqtorSi mimdi-
nare procesebi, saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso energopro-
eqtebSi monawileoba rogorc ucxouri, aseve qarTuli
presisTvis aramimzidveli Tema sulac ar aris. am Temam
gansakuTrebuli aqtualuroba agvistos movlenebis Sem-
deg SeiZina. gaCnda bevri kiTxva saqarTvelos saerTaSo-
riso energetikul proeqtebSi monawileobis SesaZleb-
lobebTan dakavSirebiT, es faqti ki qveynis damoukideb-
lobis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanes garantad aRiqmeba.
gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom am movle-
nebSi aqtiurad iyo CarTuli ara mxolod sami (saqar-
Tvelo-samxreT oseTi-ruseTi) mxare, aramed dasavle-
Tic.
globalizaciis pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, msof-
lios msxvili politikuri moTamaSeebis CarTva am omSi
gasakviri arc aris. mTels msoflios mouwia TamaSi im
faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ruseTi msoflios umsxvi-
lesi energetikuli moTamaSea. rogorc eqspertebi da
dasavluri media werda, dasavleTs mouwevda garkveul
daTmobebze wasvla swored ruseTze energetikuli da-
mokidebulebis gamo. amasTanave, eWvqveS dgeboda saqar-
Tvelos energtikul proeqtebSi monawileobis sakiTxi.
Sesabamisad, es Tema, rogorc mniSvnelovani poli-
tikuri sakiTxi, qarTuli presis erT-erTi mTavari Tema
unda yofiliyo agvistos movlenebis Semdeg. qarTul

39
presaSi saqarTvelos energetikuli problemebis gaSuqe-
baa Cemi kvlevis saganic. kvlevis meTodad presis moni-
toringi da kontent-analizia gamoyenebuli. sakvlevad
ki oTxi gazeTi SeirCa. kerZod, “rezonansi”, “24 saaTi”,
“alia” da “kviris palitra”. amaTgan, ori gazeTi (rezo-
nansi da 24 saaTi) yoveldRiuri, erTi (alia) gamodis
kviraSi samjer, erTic (kviris palitra) _ yovelkvireu-
lia. Sesabamisad, SerCeuli iqna gamosvlis sixSiris mi-
xedviT yvela tipis gazeTi, romlebic sxvadasxva gamo-
kiTxvebiT, reitingul gazeTTa xuTeulSi sxvadasxva
TanmimdevrobiT, magram xvdebian.
kvlevis amocana iyo dagvedgina, Tu ra sixSiriT ga-
Suqda saqarTvelos energoseqtori, qveynis saerTaSori-
so proeqtebSi monawileoba, ra sakiTxebze moxda aqcen-
tireba, vin iyvnen komentatorebi, romlebic “azrTa li-
derebad” gvevlinebian da ra tendenciebi gamovlinda
sakiTxis gaSuqebis dros.
presis monitoringi ganxorcielda erTi Tvis masa-
laze. kvlevis periodad SeirCa 5 seqtmebridan 5 oqtom-
bramde monakveTi. agvistos movlenebis Semdeg mediis-
Tvis garkveuli SezRudvebi dawesda, romelic swored 5
seqtembers moixsna da Jurnalistikis, politikisa da
ekonomikis velis warmomadgenlebs miecaT saSualeba Se-
efasebinaT movlenebi.
kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom yvelaze didi
sixSiriT energoseqtori gaSuqda gazeTSi “rezonansi”.
mTeli Tvis manZilze gazeTi yoveldRe uTmobda gverds
Temas; yovelkvireul gazeTSi “kviris palitra” daibeW-
da ori statia; gazeTma “alia” energetikas oTxi statia
miuZRvna, gazeTma “24 saaTi” ki Temas miuZRvna sami sta-
tia da erTi CanarTi, romelic fond saerTaSoriso gam-
Wvirvaleoba saqarTvelos proeqtis farglebSi ganxor-
cielda.

40
 Tu SevajamebT Sedegebs celkeuli gazeTebis mixed-
viT, “kviris palitram” orive statia denisa da gazis
tarifs miuZRvna. gazeTma yuradReba gaamaxvila sawar-
moebisTvis gazis tarifis gazrdaze da im faqtze, gaiz-
rdeboda Tu ara eleqtroenergiis tarifi mosaxleobis-
Tvis. orive SemTxvevaSi gazeTma komentarisTvis ener-
getikis ministrs mimarTa.
sainteresoa, rom yovelkvireul, erT-erT yvelaze
gayidvad da maRaltiraJian gazeTs ar miuZRvnia vrceli
statia qveynis energopolitikis, saerTaSoriso proeq-
tebSi CarTvisa da zogadad am seqtoris perspeqtivebi-
saTvis da ar warmoudgenia arc erTi eqspertis analizi
am sakiTxze.
gazeTi “alia” energoseqtors oTx vrcel statias
uZRvnis da TiToeul maTganSi erTi seqtoris sxvadasxva
problematikazea saubari. gazeTSi saubaria zogadad sa-
qarTvelos energetikul rolze, aseve saerTaSoriso
proeqtebSi qveynis monawileobis perspeqtivebze; gaSuq-
da aseve konkretuli kompaniebis _ “yaztransgazisa” da
“enerji-investis” mimarT gatarebuli RonisZiebebi, ga-
zis tarifis cvlileba da afxazebis mier engurhesis Se-
saZlo gakontrolebis sakiTxebi.
vrcel statiebSi warmodgenilia istoriuli eq-
skursi da mkiTxvels SeuZlia gaixsenos rusuli energo-
kompaniebis qarTul bazarze Semosvlis istoria, aseve
gaecnos faqtebs gazisa da navTobis evropisTvis miwo-
debis alternatiul marSrutebsa da moculobebze.
sainteresoa is garemoeba, rom “alia”, miuxedavad
vrceli statiebisa, ar sTavazobs mkiTxvels arc erTi
eqspertis komentars am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. is
statiebSi eyrdnoba faqtebs, energetikis ministris sa-
jaro komentarebs da “sakuTari wyaros” informacias.

41
 rogorc mogaxseneT, gazeTi “24 saaTi” energetikul
problemebs sul sam statiasa da erT CanarTs uZRvnis.
gazeTi gverdebs uTmobs zogadad energodamoukideblo-
bis sakiTxs, saerTaSoriso proeqts NABUCCO da mis
perspeqtivebs, da engurhesTan afxazuri Zalebis mobi-
lizebas.
unda aRiniSnos, rom gazeTis statiebi aris sakmaod
vrceli, moyvanilia bevri faqti, rogorc engurhesis
mSeneblobis, eleqtroenegriis warmoebis moculobebis,
aseve gazsaden NABUCCO-s mSeneblobis perspeqtivebisa
da misi gamtarunarianobis Sesaxeb; moyvanilia aseve da-
savluri mediisTvis evrokavSiris warmomadgenelTa ko-
mentarebi, Tumca Tavad gazeTs ar aqvs warmodgenili
arc erTi eqspertis komentari da sakuTari analizi am
seqtoris perspeqtivebis Sesaxeb. erTaderTi, visi ko-
mentaric aris warmodgenili gazeTSi, aris energetikis
ministri aleqsandre xeTaguri.
rogorc monitoringis Sedegad gairkva, gazeTma
“rezonansi” saqarTvelos energoseqtori yvelaze aqti-
urad gaaSuqa. man am Temas gverdi TiTqmis yvela nomer-
Si dauTmo da gaaSuqa seqtoris mravali problematika.
sakiTxebi, romlebic “rezonansma” gaaSuqa:
- gazis tarifis gaZvireba sawarmoebisTvis;
- denis tarifis SesaZlo gaZvirebasTan dakavSire-
biT arsebuli kiTxvebi;
- engurhesi da afxazeTis de-faqto xelisuflebis
pozicia hesTan dakavSirebiT;
- gazis regionebSi ganawileba da axali “monstri” -
“sokari” qarTul bazarze;
- ruseTis dapireba oseTSi gazsadenis gayvanasTan
dakavSirebiT;
- yazaxuri proeqtis _ baTumSi navTobgadamamuSave-
beli qarxnis mSeneblobis perspeqtivebi;
- ruseTis energopolitika da evropis reaqciebi;
42
 - dasavleTis Seteva rusul ekonomikaze;
- navTobkompaniebis mier agvistos movlenebiT da-
zaralebulTaTvis gaweuli daxmareba;
- energetikuli usafrTxoeba da saqarTvelos ro-
li.

“rezonansi” Seecada erTi Tvis manZilze moecva

mTeli energoseqtori. mkiTxvels mieca SesaZlebloba
gacnoboda am seqtorSi arsebul problemebs, saerTaSo-
riso tendenciebs, qveyanaSi Seqmnil viTarebas; statieb-
Si moyvanilia ara mxolod faqtebi konkretul proeq-
tebTan dakavSirebiT, aramed moyvanilia rogorc erTi
mxaris, aseve meore mxaris damokidebuleba ama Tu im sa-
kiTxze. gazeTSi warmodgenilia ara mxolod energetikis
ministris pozicia, aramed konkretuli kompaniebis
(rompetroli, sokari) xelmZRvanelTa, aseve eqspertTa
(gia xuxaSvili, soso cincaZe, daviT ebraliZe, liana
jervaliZe) poziciebi. gazeTi mkiTxvels aseve SesaZleb-
lobas aZlevs gaecnos meore mxaris poziciebsac, ro-
melsac calkeul SemTxvevebSi de-faqto respublikebis
liderebi _ eduard kokoiTi da sergei baRafSi warmo-
adgenen, aseve kompaniebis _ “gazpromisa” da “yazmunaiga-
zis” pozciebi.
“rezonansSi” mkiTxvels aseve SeuZlia gaigos, Tu
rogor gaSuqda konkretuli Tema (gazsadeni NABUCCO,
ruseTis winaaRmdeg gasatarebeli RonisZiebebi, “gaz-
promis” energopolitika da aziasa da afrikasTan SesaZ-
lo TanamSromloba) dasavlur mediaSi, aseve ra komenta-
rebi gakeTda evrokavSirisa Tu aSS-is administraciis
warmomadgenelTa mier konkretul sakiTxebTan dakavSi-
rebiT.
da rac yvelaze sainteresoa, gazeTi “rezonansi”
sTavazobs mkiTxvels ubralo momxmarebelTa mosazre-

43
bebs denis tarifis SesaZlo gaZvirebasTan da konkretu-
lad zamTrisaTvis mzadebasTan dakavSirebiT.
presis monitoringis Sedegad SeiZleba davaskvnaT,
rom, miuxedavad, zogadad sakiTxis aqtualurobisa, qar-
Tuli presisTvis energetika wamyvani Tema ar yofila.
yvelaze aqtiurad energoseqtori gaSuqda gazeTSi “re-
zonansi”, romelsac es Tema xSirad pirvel gverdzec
hqonda gamotanili.
monitoringis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom “azrTa li-
derebis” funqcias Tavad Jurnalistebi asruleben, rad-
ganac yvelaze xSirad statiaSi mxolod maTi mosazrebe-
bia warmodgenili. yvelaze xSirad gazeTebSi warmodge-
nilia energetikis ministris aleqsandre xeTagurisa da
eqspert gia xuxaSvilis komentarebi. yvelaze aqtualu-
ri Tema gazisa da denis tarifi da gaz- da navTobsade-
nebis alternatiuli marSrutebis perspeqtivebia. Tu
visaubrebT zogad ganwyobebze, Jurnalistebi sakmaod
skeptikurad arian ganwyobilni rogorc mimdinare zam-
Tris uproblemod SexvedrasTan, aseve saqarTvelos sa-
erTaSoriso proeqtebSi CarTvasTan dakavSirebiT da
yvelaze xSirad amis argumentad ruseTis energoresur-
sebi, misi agresiuli politika da dasavleTis rusul
gazze damokidebuleba moyavT.
presa, rogorc Jurnalistikis velis agenti, aris
ekonomikis, politikisa da Tavad Jurnalistikis vele-
bis Sexvedris adgili. energoseqtori, rogorc qveynis
ekonomikis Semadgeneli nawili, aris mniSvnelovani po-
litikuri TamaSis nawili. Zalian rTulia daadgino
zRvari, saqarTveloSi energetika, rogorc ekonomikuri
sivrce, Tavad axdens gavlenas politikur TamaSze Tu
piriqiT, is aris iaraRi politikosTa xelSi. aq Tavs
mTavari sociologiuri problema _ subieqt-obieqti,
agenti-recipienti _ iCens Tavs. Tumca, am kvlevis mi-
zans ar warmoadgenda imis dadgena, Tu romeli veli

44
flobs met Zalauflebas: ekonomika karnaxobs sakuTar
wesebs politikas Tu piriqiT, Tu yvelaze didi Zalauf-
lebis mqone Jurnalistikis velia, romelic orive vels
sakuTari SesaZleblobebis demonstrirebis saSualebas
aZlevs.
kvlevis mizani iyo dagvedgina, eTmoba Tu ara yu-
radReba energoseqtors, ra problematikaze xdeba aq-
centireba, vin arian “azrTa liderebi” da ra perspeqti-
vebzea saubari.
cxadia, rom arsebobs energoseqtori, romelic
mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs qveynis adgils msoflio
geopolitikaSi da am sakiTxebze diskusia mediaSi mniS-
vnelovania rogorc politikuri aqtorebis, aseve audi-
toriisTvis. imis miuxedavad, rom es ar aris yvelaze
popularuli Tema xmis misaRebad arCevnebSi, rac Tana-
medrove politikuri TamaSis ZiriTad mizans warmoad-
gens, es aris sakiTxi, romelzec sakuTari pozicia yve-
la politikur Zalas da e.w. moazrovne eleqtorats ga-
aCnia. xSirad swored es ukanaskneli asrulebs “azrTa
lideris” funqcias sakuTar socialur jgufSi. Sesaba-
misad, Jurnalistikis velis aqtorebi sTavazoben audi-
torias suraTs energopolitikaze da Tan ise, rom az-
rTa liderebis rolSi xan Tavad, xan eqsprtebi, xanac
Tavad politikuri aqtorebi gvevlinebian. Tumca, mxo-
lod am Temis gaSuqebac ki, avtomaturad niSnavs poli-
tikuri velisa da Jurnalistikis velis komunikacias.
presis mcirericxovani auditoriis didi nawili Semdeg
ukve Tavad aris garkveuli ideebis generatori da az-
rTa lideri sakuTar jgufSi; es ki imas niSnavs, rom am
sakiTxebze diskusiaSi gacilebiT farTo socialuri
jgufia Cabmuli.
ra Sedegi moaqvs am diskusiebs, es sxva kvlevis sa-
gania. globalizaciisa da informacionalizaciis epoqa-
Si, rodesac sazogadoebas informaciaTa usazRvro naka-

45
di miewodeba, Tan ise, rom misi analizis dro ar rCeba,
Tavad sakiTxis garSemo diskusiis dawyeba ukve dadebi-
Tad SeiZleba Sefasdes. Sesabamisad, miuxedavad imisa,
rom qaTul presaSi energoseqtori mTavari Tema sulac
ar yofila, Temis gaSuqebis yoveli mcdeloba politi-
kuri diskursisTvis am sakiTxis aqtualurobas mainc
adastrurebs.

Abstract
Flora Esebua –PhD Student of the Faculty of Social and
Political Sciences of TSU.
The Energy Sector of Georgia in the Georgian Press after
the war – the meeting place of the fields of politics and
Journalism

We can imagine a social reality as structured by fields where

each field is partially autonomous. Political field is the most
autonomous one but it mainly depends on the field of journalism.
Georgian printed media is the meeting place of three fileds – political
field, economic field and field of journalism. Despite of the urgency
of the issue, the energy policy of Georgia after the August incidents
has not become the main issue of Georgian published media. As a
result of content-analyse of four representatives of printed media the
main stresses are revealed; it’s fixed that the “opinion leaders” are
media agents themselves and not political actors or experts.

gamoyenebuli da citirebuli literatura:

1. berZeniSvili a. politikuri sociologia, Tb. 2000;

2. iberi e., “saxelmwifo televizia saprezidento ar-
CevnebSi” // tele-radioJurnalistikis sakiTxebi
(Tsu-s tele-radioJurnalistikis kaTedris Sromebi)
_ 2001 _#5;

46
3. TevzaZe g., “saqarTvelo: Zalauflebis simulacie-
bi”// “Tavisufleba” _ 2003 _ #2(14);
4. Бурдье П., Поле политики, поле социальных наук, поле жур-
налистики // Социо анализ Пъера Бурдъе, СПБ.2001;
5. ГидденсЭ., Социология, М.1999;
6. Мехлер Г., Власть и Магия PR, Питер,2004
7. Политическая социология, М.1999;
8. Сарчинелли У., “Старые СМИ-Новые СМИ. К вопросу об
отнощениях между журналистикой и политиков” //Сборнике
рефератов, - 2002-#2;
9. СергеевВ., СергеевК., “Некоторые подходы к анализу языка
политики” //Полис _ 2001 _ #5;K
10. Шарков Р., “Истоки и парадигмы исследований социальных
коммуникаций” //Социс _2001_#8;
11. JPS (American Journal of Political Science) _ 2001_#2;
12. Castells M, The Information Age: Economy, Society, and
Culture, Volume 1: The Rise of the Network Society, Blackwell
Publishers (Oxford, and Malden, MA), 1996;
13. Fairclough N., Media Discourse, London.1995;
14. Media studies/a reader, second edition, edited by Marris
P,/Thornham S, Edinbourgh University Press, 2002;
15. Nordenstrang K.,“Mass Communication” // Understanding
Contemporary Society, Sage;
16. Taking Sides/Clashing Views on Controversal Issues in Mass
Media and Society, edited by Alexsander A,/Hanson J, fourth
edition, 1997;
17. Wilson J., Wilson S.Le Roy., Mass Media/Mass culture, fourth
edition, 1998.

47
 2010 wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
arCevnebis ZiriTadi tendenciebi

lia TeTraZe
Tsu- s socialur da politikur
mecnierebaTa fakulteti, politikur
mecnierebaTa mimarTuleba, doqtoranti

2010 wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevne-

bis moaxloebasTan erTad politikuri partiebs Soris
vnebaTaRelva dRiTidRe matulobs. saarCevno kampania
aqtiur fazaSi gadadis. 2010 wlis adgilobrivi arCevne-
bisadmi interesi Zalian didia, rasac ufro metad am-
Zafrebs saarCevno kodeqsis daxvewis da adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis reformirebis mizniT
ganxorcielebuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi.
im WeSmaritebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom arCevnebi ar
iwyeba kenWisyris dRes, cxadze cxadia, nebismieri arCev-
nebis kanonierebis, demokratiulobis da gamWvirvalo-
bis dasadgenad aucilebelia, gansakuTrebuli yuradRe-
ba mieqces winasaarCevno kampanias.
nebismieri donis arCevnebSi erTerT umniSvnelova-
nes faqtors warmoadgens arCevnebSi monawile politi-
kuri subieqtebis uzrunvelyofa Tanabari sastarto pi-
robebiT winaasaarCevno kampaniis warmoebisas, romelic
regulirebulia saarCevno kodeqsiT.
mogexsenebaT saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi saar-
Cevno kanonmdeblobis daxvewis da srulyofis mizniT
mudmivad ganicdis saxecvlilebas. aqedan gamomdinare
sainteresoa im cvlilebebis ganxilva, romelic uSua-
lod exeba saarCevno kampaniis maregulirebel samar-
Tlebriv normebs, ramdenad uzrunvelyofs konkurentu-
narian saarCevno garemos.
2010 wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis winasa-
arCevno periodi ramodenime aspeqtiT, Zalian gavs 2006

48
wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis winasaarCevno pe-
riods, Tumca mimdinare winasaarCevno kampania bevrad
daxvewilia, aqedan gamomdinare aRniSnuli arCevnebis Se-
darebiTi analizi SesaZleblobas mogvcems vimsjeloT
saarCevno kampaniis da zogadad arCevnebis dadebiT da
uaryofiT mxareebze.
mokled Sevexebi politikur mdgomareobas, romelic
win uswrebda arCevnebs, politikur partiebs Soris arse-
bul damokidebulebas rogorc 2006 wlis, aseve 2010
wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebisadmi da
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis sistemis reformirebis
mizniT ganxorcielebul cvlilebebs ramac mniSvnelovan-
wilad gansazRvra saarCevno kampaniis xasiaTi.
kanonis Tanaxmad, kandidatTa winasaarCevno kampania
da agitacia iwyeba arCevnebis daniSvnis dRidan, anu 2006
wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebisaTvis sa-
arCevno kampaniisa da agitaciis ganxorcieleba 40 dRiani
vadiT ganisazRvra.1 TavisTavad arasaarCevno periodic
iZleva politikuri partiebisaTvis SesaZleblobas gaac-
non sakuTari saqmianoba da gegmebi amomrCevlebs; Tumca
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 5 oqtombris arCevnebis subieqtebma
mizanmimarTuli kampania, arCevnebis daniSvnis dRidan da-
iwyes. aqve avRniSnav, rom prezidentis gankargulebiT2
arCevnebi zustad 40 dRiT adre dainiSna, ramac erTis

1
saraTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi. uxli 73.punqti 1. winasaar-
Cevno kampania/agitacia iwyeba arCevnebis daniSvnis momenti-
dan. saarCevno subieqtobis kandidatebi am dRidan sargeblo-
ben Tansawori uflebebiT am kanoniT dadgenili we-
siT.(21.03.2008)
2
wlis 26 agvistos, saqarTvelos prezidentis №480 gankargu-
lebiT, saqarTvelos kontituciis 73-e muxlis me-2 punqtisa
da saqarTvelos organuli kanonis “saqarTvelos saarCevno
kodeqsis” 1291 muxlis pirveli nawilis Sesabamisad, adgilob-
rivi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlobiTi organos – sak-
rebulos arCevnebis daniSvnis procedura kanonis CarCoebSi
ganxorcielda.

49
mxriv Seqmna garkveuli problemebi proceduruli Tval-
sazrisiT, xolo meores mxriv garkveulwilad SezRuda,
rogorc centraluri saarCevno komisiis, aseve politi-
kuri subieqtebis qmedebebi. amasTan dakavSirebiT SeniS-
vnebi gamoiTqva sadamkvirveblo misiis mxridanac. maga-
liTad, euTos demokratiuli institutebisa da adamianis
uflebaTa ofisma (ODIHR) Tavis Sualedur moxsenebaSi
ganacxada, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom arCevnebisaTvis
teqnikuri mzadeba mimdinareobs, “cesko sirTuleebis wi-
naSe dgas mWidro vadebis gamo” xelisuflebam arCevnebis
dRe 27 agvistos gamoacxada, ramac “saarCevno adminis-
tracia vadebSi mniSvnelovnad SezRuda da cesko-m ver
SeZlo rig SemTxvevebSi, vadebSi Cateva” cesko-m ver SeZ-
lo gaerkvia saarCevno kodeqsis bundovani mxareebi, sa-
arCevno kampaniisaTvis Tanmimdevrulad da droulad sax-
srebis gamoyofis moTxovnasTan dakavSirebiT. Sedegad
zogierT maJoritar kandidats registraciaze uari eT-
qva. saboloo jamSi, zogierT maJoritarul olqSi mxo-
lod erTi kandidati daregistrirda.1 2006 wlis arCev-
nebSi monawileoba miiRo 6 politikurma subieqtma.2
2006 wlis arCevnebisagan gansxvavebiT. 2010 wlis
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebisaTvis saar-
Cevno kampaniis warmoebis vada 60 dRemde3 gaizarda, ama-
ve dros unda aRiniSnos, rom ramodenime politikurma
subieqtma saarCevno kampania arCevnebis gamocxadebamde
gacilebiT adre daiwyo, amas garkveulwilad xeli Seuw-
                                                            
1
  arCevnebze damkvirvebeli organizaciebi Sualedur daskvnebs
aqveyneben. /3oqt.’ 06/16:41 http://www.civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=13866 
2
http://www.cec.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=22&info_id=1325
3
Kkanonis Tanaxmad winasaarCevno agitacia iwyeba arCevnebis
daniSvnis dRidan, saarCevno kodeqsis Tanaxmad. prezidenti
merisa da sakrebulos arCevnebs niSnavs meris uflebamosile-
bis gasvlamde araugvianes 60 dRisa, saqarTvelos saarCevno
kodeqsi. muxli 108. punqti-2. Tumca rasakvirvelia SesaZlebe-
lia arCevnebis TariRis daniSnva ufro adrec.

50
yo arCevnebis savaraudo TariRis gansazRvram. kerZod,
pirveli gancxadeba adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis ar-
Cevnebis 2010 wlis 30 maiss Catarebis Sesaxeb jer kidev
2009 wlis 20 ivniss parlamentis winaSe angariSis war-
dgenis dros gaakeTa, xolo mimdinare wlis 12 marts mi-
Rebuli kanoniT, Caiwera rom adgilobrivi TviTmmar-
Tvelobis arCevnebi amave wlis 30 maiss unda Catardes.1
arCevnebis TariRis droulad gamocxadeba qarTu-
li da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi
rekomendacia iyo, radgan garda imisa, rom arCevnebis
TariRis gamocxadeba pirdapir kavSirSia oficialuri
saarCevno kampaniis dawyebasTan, arCevnebis zusti Tari-
Ris codna politikuri partiebis Tabanar pirobebSi Ca-
yenebasac uwyobs xels.
Tumca miuxedavad amisa opoziciur partiebs Soris
gamarTulma gauTavebelma konsultaciebma da SeuTan-
xmeblobam gaerTianebis Taobaze, romelic sabolood
uSedegod dasrulda, didi ziani miayena erTis mxriv
opoziciuri partiebis imijs, xolo meores mxriv drois
TvalsazrisiT, romelic rogorc resursi araraciona-
lurad iqna gamoyenebuli.
2006 wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCev-
nebs win uswrebda cvlilebi saarCevno kodeqsSi, rom-
lis Sedegad saqarTvelos mosaxleobam miiRo saxeSec-
vlili, gansxvavebuli uflebamovaleobebis mqone adgi-
lobivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi, meris Tanamdebo-
ba gaxda arCeviTi,2 Tumca am SemTxvevaSi, meris arCeva
xdeboda arapirdapiri gziT, anu sakrebuloSi umravle-
sobiT mosuli partiidan.
amave dros es iyo profesiuli niSniT arCeuli
centraluri saarCevno komisiisaTvis pirveli saerTo
erovnuli arCevnebi.
                                                            
1
saqarTvelos organuli kanonis `saqarTvelos saarCevno ko-
deqsi~ 12913 muxlis 1-li punqti.
2
saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi. muxli 123. punqti me-2.

51
 rac Seexeba 2010 wlis arCevnebs, iseve rogorc
2006 wlis arCevnebs win uZRoda saarCevno kodeqsSi gan-
xorcielebuli mTeli rigi cvlilebebisa, romelic See-
xo sakrebuloebis dakompleqtebis wess, da rac yyvela-
ze mniSvnelovania meris Tanamdeboba gaxda arCeviTi.1
(Tumca ara yvela msxvil qalaqSi.) rac adgilobrvi
TviTmmarTvelobis ganviTarebisaken win gadadgmul na-
bijad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.
iseve rogorc 2006 wlis arCevnebis win, aseve 2010
wlis arCevnebisTvis opoziciaSi marcxi ganicada boiko-
tis Temam. gansxvavebiT wina arCevnebisagan politikuri
partiebis CarTuloba saarCevno kampaniSi gacilebiT ma-
Rali iyo. 2010 wlis arCevnebSi monawilebis misaRebad
ceeskoSi registracia gaiara 26-ma politikurma partiam
maT Soris arCevnebisaTvis Seqmna 3 saarCevno bloki, xo-
lo 14 politikuri partia damoukideblad iRebs monawi-
leobas.2 rac Seexeba Tbilisis meris arCevnebs ceesko-Si
Tbilisis merobis 9 kandidatis ganacxadi Sevida.3
2010 wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevne-
bis saarCevno kampania wina arCevnebTan SedarebiT mSvid
garemoSi mimdinareobs, erTis mxriv arCevnebSi monawile
merobis kandidatebs da partiebs saSualeba aqvT amom-
rCevlebs miawodon Tavisi saarCevno programebi, xolo
meores mxriv, kerZod ki, saarCevno kampaniis gaSuqebis
TvalsazrisiT politikuri subieqtebi araTanabar mdgo-
mareobaSi aRmoCndnen, amas emateba is garemoebac, rom
meris arCevnebSi monawile saxelisuflebo kandidati
amavdroulad inarCunebs Tbilisis meris statuss da
uflebamosilebas, rac araTanabar mdgomareobaSi aye-
nebs arCevnebSi monawile sxva kandidtebs.
saarCevno kampaniis warmoebisas aucilebeli piro-
baa konkurentunariani saarCevno garemos Seqmna.
                                                            
1
saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi 12613 punqti 2.
2
http://www.cec.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=62&info_id=6554
3
http://www.cec.gov.ge/files/biuletenebi/biuleteni_27_-_3_maisi.pdf

52
 maT Soris mniSvnelovania arCevnebSi monawile po-
litikur subieqtTa sainformacio uzrunvelyofa.
arCevnebSi monawile politikur subieqtTa sain-
formacio uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi
regulirdeba saarCevno kodeqsis 73-e da 731-e muxliT.
2006 wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevne-
bis win saarCevno kodeqsSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebe-
bi masmediis saSualebebsac Seexo da winasaarCevno kampa-
niis warmoebis sainformacio uzrunveloyofisaTvis ga-
naxlebuli wesebi ganisazRvra. saarCevno kanonmdebloba
avaldebulebs, rogorc sazogadoebriv, ise kerZo mauw-
yeblebs winasaarCevno kampaniis sawarmoeblad gamoyon
ufaso saeTero dro mxolod kvalificiuri subieqtebi-
saTvis, Seqmnan Tanabari pirobebi fasiani saagitacio
gancxadebebis gansaTavseblad da debatebSi monawileo-
bis misaRebad.1
imis miuxedavad, rom saarCevno kanonmdebloba gan-
sazRvravs saarCevno subieqtis kvalificiurobis statu-
sis garkveul kriteriumebs,2 2006 wlis arCevnebisaTvis
Tavdapirvelad gaurkveveli iyo, Tu romeli saarCevno
subieqti unda mieCniaT mauwyebelT kvalificiur subieq-
tad. amasTan aRsaniSnavia, rom kanoniT sazogadoebrivi
mauwyebeli valdebulia, kvalificiuri saarCevno subieq-
tebis garda, yvela sxva partiasa da saarCevno blokis wi-
nasaarCevno reklamis ganTavsebis mizniT gamoyos dro,
romelic Tanabrad ganawildeba am subieqtebs Soris.3
2006 wlis arCevnebis sarCevno kampaniis sainforma-
cio uzrunvelyofas sxvadasxvagvarad afaseben, rogorc
saerTaSoriso ise adgilobrivi sadamkvirveblo organi-
zaciebi. mag: euTos sadamkvirveblo misiis SefasebiT “me-
                                                            
1
saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi 73 –e da 731 muxli
2
saarCevno subieqtis kvalificiurobis sakiTxi kriteriumebi
ganisazRvreba saarCevno kodeqsi 731 muxlis me-4, me-41, me-5,
me-6, me-7 punqtebiT.
3
saarCevno kodeqsi 731 muxlis me-10 punqti

53
dia amomrCevlebs azrTa mravalferovnebas sTavazobda
da arCevnebTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovan movlenebs
aSuqebda, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobda xelisuf-
lebis saqmianobas. samauwyeblo kompaniebi ufaso satele-
vizio drois ganawilebasTan da debatebis organizebas-
Tan dakavSirebul sakanonmdeblo moTxovnebs icavdnen.
samwuxaroa, rom erTianma nacionalurma moZraobam uari
ganacxada aRniSnul debatebSi monawileobaze”. Tumca
masSi aseve naTqvamia, rom “rusTavi 2-ma politikuri am-
bebisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli saeTero drois 36% mTavro-
bas da 30% ki prezidents dauTmo.1 analogiuri Sefarde-
baa sazogadoebriv mauwyebelSic. orive arxis informacia
xelisuflebis Sesaxeb neitraluri an pozitiuri iyo. ga-
zeTebma mkiTxvelebs ufro kritikuli azri SesTavazes.
Tumca mcire tiraJis gamo isini mkiTxvelTa mxolod
SezRudul raodenobas moicaven.”
rac Seexeba 2010 wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTve-
lobis winasaarCevno kampaniis sainformacio uzrunvel-
yofas, marTalia politikuri subieqtebis kvalificiu-
robis gansazRvrasTan dakavSirebiT problemebi ar Seq-
mnila Tumca dabalansebis da tendenciurobis sakiTxebi
kvlav aqtualuria. magaliTad euTos sadamkvirveblo
misiis monitoringis Sualedur angariSSi2 naTqvamia,
rom ”kandidatebs saSualeba qondaT warmoedginaT saku-
Tari platforma saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi mauwyeb-
lisa da sxva saxelmwifo da kerZo mauwyeblebis mier
                                                            
1
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom prezidenti im dro-
isaTvis imav droulad iyo erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis
Tavmjdomare, aRniSnuli garemoeba erTiani nacionaluri moZ-
raobis mxardaWeris da reklamirebisa damatebiT umniSvnelo-
vanes resursad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.
2
euTos demokratiuli institutebisa da adamianis uflebebis
ofisi. arCevnebis sadamkvirveblo misia. saqarTvelo, adgi-
lobrivi arCevnebi 2010 weli. 21 maisi. Sualeduri angariSi
#2 (4-15 maisi)
http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr-el/2010/05/44046_ka.pdf

54
mowyobili sistematiuri diskusiebisa da Toq Souebis
saSualebiT.” aqve naTqvamia, rom “OSCE/ODIHR-is saar-
Cevno sadamkvirveblo misiis 18 aprili-12 maisi media
monitoringis winaswar angariSSi miTiTebuli iyo, rom
satelevizio arxebis umetesoba araTanabar dros uT-
mobda praim-taimis axali ambebis eTerSi sxvadasxva po-
litikuri subieqtebisa da kandidatebis gaSuqebas, zo-
gierTi maTgani upiratesobas aniWebda samTavrobo kan-
didatebs, zogi-ki opoziciisas. aqamde mxolod ssm1
sTavazobs mayurebels saarCevno kampaniis SedarebiT
dabalasebul suraTs praim-taimis axal ambebSi. ssm1-ma
politikuri da saarCevno axali ambebis 19% dauTmo
“erTian nacionalur moZraobas”, da 13% “alianss saqar-
TvelosTvis” qristian demokratiuli moZraobis Taos-
nobiT Seqmnil qristian-demokratiul gaerTianebas da
erovnul sabWos daeTmoT 12-12%. ssm-s meore arxi mud-
mivad uTmobs eTers yvela politikur partias, aSuqebs
maT saarCevno kampanias _ dRemde es saSualeba gamoiyena
qristian-demokratiulma kavSirma, “aliansma saqarTve-
losaTvis” da erovnulma sabWom.
qveynis masStabiT mauwyebeli, dReisaTvis yvelaze
popularuli ori kerZo satelevizio arxi - “rusTavi-2”
da “imedi” gamoxataven mmarTveli partiisa da mis mier
wardgenili Tbilisis merobis kandidatis mxardaWeras.
orive arxi farTod da dadebiTad aSuqebs xelisufle-
bis saqmianobas saarCevno kampaniis konteqstis gareSec,
riTac, arapirdapiri gziT, samsaxurs uwevs samTavrobo
kandidatebs. TvalSi sacemia saxelmwifo moxeleTa saq-
mianobis dadebiTi kuTxiT gaSuqebis tendencia. maTi
miRwevebisa da warmatebebis wina planze wamoweva. Tbi-
lisis merisa da mTavrobis warmomadgenelTa gamoCena
sxvadasxva ceremoniebis, maT Soris avtobusis axali sa-
marSruto xazis, sportuli moednebisa da savaWro cen-
trebis gaxsnis, agreTve Tbilisis liftebis SekeTebis
Tbilisis meriis TanadafinasebiT) gaSuqebisas, rogorc

55
wesi, erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis” kandidatebis
TandaswrebiT, arapirdapir emsaxureba enm-s saarCevno
kampanias.”
Tbilisis adgilobrivi tele sadgurebi “kavkasia
da “maestro” ki piriqiT, dRemde opoziciis, kerZod ki
“aliansi saqarTvelosaTvis” platformis rols asrule-
ben. orive arxi aseve akritikebda “erTian nacionalur
moZraobas da xelisuflebas. qveynis masStabiT mauwye-
bel ZiriTad satelevizio arxebze fasiani satelevizio
reklamis Zalian maRali tarifi1 kandidatebs media sa-
SualebebSi saarCevno kampaniis warmoebis saSualebas
uzRudavs. dRemde mxolod batonma ugulavam moaxerxa
“rusTavi 2-ze da “imedze” fasiani sareklamo rgolebis
ganTavseba. “kvalificiuri subieqtebi aqtiurad iyeneben
ufaso saeTero dros, romelic maTTvis rogorc saxel-
mwifo ise kerZo mauwyeblebma gamoyves sareklamo rgo-
lebis gansaTavseblad. ssm-s pirveli arxi, miuxedavad
imisa kanoniT ar aris valdebuli, ufaso saeTero dros
mainc uTmobs arakvalificiur subietqebs.“
aRniSnuli tendencia fiqsirdeba aseve media moni-
toringis2 angariSebSi3 da aseve calkeuli adgilobrivi
sadamkvirveblo organizaciebis mier momzadebul wina-
saarCevno kampaniis monitoringis angariSebSi, am drois
                                                            
1
http://www.ambebi.ge/politika/19486-opoziciisthvis-miutsvdomeli-
nacionaluri-arkhebis-politikuri-reklamis-tarifebi.html
2
winasaarCevno kampaniis media monitiringis ganxorcielebis
mizniT centralurma saarCevno komisiam daiqirava ukrainuli
monitoringis Jgufi pro mova (pro mova), da aseve sami qarTu-
li kompania aipiemi (IPM), bisiji BCG da praim-taimi ( PRIME-
TIME)
3
ix. media monitoringi 2010. pirveli talRa 26 aprili- 5 mai-
si.
satelevizio arxebis monitoringi Sedegebi. meore talRa. 6-
12 maisi.
satelevizio arxebis monitoringis Sedegebi. mesame talRa.
13-19 maisi, 2010

56
manZilze televiziebis misamarTiT gakeTda araerTi Se-
niSvna tendenciurobasa da drois araTanabar ganawile-
baze calkeuli organizaciebisa da pirebis mier. mag: me-
dia monitoringis Sualedur angariSSi naTqvamia, rom
“Pro.mova-s mier media monitoringis monacemTa analizi
ukve dawyebulia. zusti monacemebi Tvis bolosTvis iq-
neba warmodgenili, Tumca am etapze SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom sainformacio siaxleebi dabalansebulia da Seesa-
bameba dadgenil raodenobriv kriteriumebs (xangrZli-
voba, gaSvebis sixSire). amave dros sainformacio siax-
leebis pirveli Tvisobrivi kvlevebi qmnis mediis mier
kandidatTa araTanabrad warmoCenis saSiSroebas, rac
gamoixateba dRis wesrigSi zogierTi kandidatisaTvis
sxvebTan SedarebiT upiratesobis miniWebaSi, menejmen-
tis mxriv araTanabari pirobebis Seqmnas, aseve sxvadas-
xva mniSvnelobis da Sesabamisobis qvotebis araTanabrad
gadanawilebaSi. amitom monitoringis ganmaxorcielebe-
li kompaniebis mxridan maqsimaluri Zalisxmevaa saWiro
raTa amomrCevleTaTvis saukeTesod iqnas miwodebuli
yvela siaxle.1”
rac Seexeba satelevizio debatebs aRsaniSnavia,
rom 2006 wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevne-
bis dros “xelisuflebam nebayoflobiT daTmo satele-
vizio diskusiis arena da is opozicias gadauloca.
dRes yvela arxze politikur Toq-SouebSi mxolod
opoziciaa warmodgenili, romelic aseT uCveulo gare-
moSi cota uxerxuladac ki grZnobs Tavs da ar icis ro-
gor SeebrZolos uxilav mowinaaRmdeges.”2 Tumca amave
dros aRniSnuli Toq-Souebi opoziciisaTvis Tavisi Ta-
vis reklamirebis damatebiT saSualebad iqca.
                                                            
1
winasarCevno periodis media monitoringis pirveli Suale-
duri angariSi. 11 maisi. 2010 weli
2
ix. “ucnauri arCevnebi: distanciaze brZolis’ strategia da
taqtika“, giorgi asaniSvili, 24 saaTi” 20 seqtemberi 2006
,#207 (1359)

57
 2006 wlis arCevnebisgan gansxvavebiT 2010 wlis ad-
gilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis saarCevno kampaniis dros,
pirvelad saqarTvelos arCevnebis istoriis manZilze
saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv mauwyebelze Sedga satele-
vizio debatebi1 Tbilisis merobis kandidatebs Soris,
debatebi moewyo or etapad, pirvel etapze debatebSi
monawileoba miiRo kvalificiurma subieqtebma,2 xolo
meore etapze debatebi Sedga arakvalificiur subieq-
tebs3 Soris.4 miuxedavad imisa, rom aRniSnuli debatebi
ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT Sors aris evropasa da ame-
rikaSi danergili debatebis tradiciebisgan, aRniSnuli
movlena mainc win gadadgmuli nabijia, rogorc amom-
rCevelTa informirebis, aseve saarCevno teqnologiebis
ganviTarebis TvalzrisiT.
saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsiT daSvebulia wina-
saarCevno agitacia, rogorc romelime saarCevno subieq-
tis mxardasaWerad, ise sawinaaRmdegod. 2006 wlis adgi-
lobriv arCevnebSi winasaarCevno kampaniis warmoebisas
politikuri partiebi/blokebi sakuTari programebisa
da winadadebebis ukeTesad warmodgenis nacvlad, opo-
nentebis uaryofiT mxareebze akeTebdnen aqcents.
am mxriv, aRsaniSnavia, rom 2006 wlis arCevnebisagan
gansxvavebiT 2010 wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
arCevnebSi monawile politikuri subieqtebi orientire-
                                                            
1
debatebi Catarda aSS-s saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagen-
tosa (USAID) da saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis Ta-
nadafinansebiT. USAID-ma daaxloebiT 40 000 aSS dolari ga-
moyo debatebis organizebisaTvis, debatebis Semdgomi gamo-
kiTxvisa da fokus Jgufebis CatarebisTvis. kandidatTa winas-
wari momzadebisa da sxva saxis daxmarebisTvis.
2
http://www.1tv.ge/Video-View.aspx?VID=1266&Loc=82&CatID-
=1&LangID=1
3
http://www.1tv.ge/Video-View.aspx?VID=1274&Loc=82&CatID=1&LangID=1
4

http://www.civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=22682&search=ს ა ტ ე ლე ვ ი ზ ი
ო დე ბ ა ტ ე ბ ი

58
buli arian amomrCevlebze da ara sxva kandidatTa nega-
tiuri mxareebis mxilebaze. arCevnebSi monawile poli-
tikuri subieqtebi maqsimalururad cdiloben ZiriTadi
saprogramo debulebebi miitanon amomrCevlebamde. Tum-
ca arCevnebSi monawile politikuri subieqtebi arapir-
dapiri gzebiT mainc cdiloben konkurentebis diskredi-
tacias.
rac Seexeba administraciuli resursebis gamoyene-
bis sakiTxs, 2006 wlis adgilobrivi arCevnebi ar gamo-
irCeoda saxelmwifo da partiuli struqturebis gamij-
vnis kuTxiT. saarCevno kampaniis warmarTvis Tvalsazri-
siT saxelisuflebo partia, rogorc xelisufleba, mom-
gebian poziciaSi imyofeboda da kanonmdeblobis ak-
rZalvebma ver uzrunvelyo mmarTveli partiis mier ad-
ministraciuli resursebis gamoyenebis kontroli; Sede-
gad, mmarTvelma partiam es SesaZlebloba sakmaod efeq-
turad da mizanmimarTulad gamoiyena. amasTan dakavSi-
rebiT SeniSvnebi gamoiTqva euTos sadamkvirveblo misi-
is mxridanac. magaliTad, euTos sadamkvirveblo misiis
Sualedur daskvnaSi naTqvamia, rom: ”mmarTvelma parti-
am farTod gamoiyena xelisuflebaSi yofnis upirateso-
ba da ganaxorciela metad TvalSisacemi socialuri
daxmarebis proeqtebi, romlebic moicavdnen komunalu-
ri gadasaxadebis vauCerebis gamoSvebas, sapensio danama-
tebis gacemas da droebiTi samuSao programebis SemuSa-
vebas. saarCevno kampaniis paralelurad warmarTulma da
mediis mier farTod gaSuqebulma zemoaRniSnulma prog-
ramebma saxelmwifo saqmianobasa da saarCevno kampanias
Soris zRvari metad bundovani gaxada. beWdviT da eleq-
tronul saarCevno masalebSi identuri lozungebis, di-
zainisa da gamosaxulebebis gamoyenebam gaarTula erTi-
ani nacionaluri moZraobis saarCevno kampaniis masaleb-
sa da saxelmwifo biujetidan dafinansebul masalebs
Soris gansxvavebebis moZebna. garda amisa, zogierT Sem-
TxvevaSi erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis filialebi

59
ganTavsebuli iyo adgilobrivi aRmasrulebeli xeli-
suflebis SenobebSi da calkeuli saarCevno komisia
mmarTveli partiis saarCevno kampaniaSi iyo CarTuli.”1
imis miuxedavad, rom saarCevno kodeqsiT akrZalu-
lia winasaarCevno agitaciisa da kampaniisTvis im orga-
nizaciebis materialur-teqnikuri resursebis gamoyene-
ba, romlebic finansdeba saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biu-
jetidan, aseve akrZalulia Tanamdebobrivi da samsaxu-
rebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyeneba saagitaciod, 2006
wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebisTvis
aseTi zRvari realurad ar arsebobda. (magaliTad, wina-
saarCevnod saxelmwifo biujetidan dafinansebuli Ro-
nisZiebebis Sesrulebis gaxSireba da maTi gamoyeneba da
a.S) aseT viTarebaSi gamoricxuli iyo samuSao saaTebis
ganmavlobaSi agitaciis warmoebis akrZalvis wesebis
dacva. xelisuflebis mier Catarebuli yvela pozitiuri
RonisZieba mmarTveli partiis mier Sesrulebulad
cxaddeboda da aRiqmeboda, rac SeuZlebels xdida wina-
saarCevno agitaciisa da administraciuli resursis ga-
mijvnas2
miuxedavad imisa, rom adaminstraciuli resursebis
gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT ganxorcielda mTeli rigi
RonisZiebebisa, kerZod jer kidev 2006 wlis adgilobri-
vi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebis Semdom rogorc saer-
TaSoriso aseve adgilobrivi sadamkvirveblo organiza-
ciis mier gakeTda araerTi SeniSvna, SemuSavda araerTi
rekomendacia, 2008 wlis arCevnebSi rogorc sapreziden-

                                                            
1
ix. “ZiriTad Tavisuflebebs pativs scemen, magram saxelmwi-
fosa da mmarTvel partias Soris gansxvaveba arasakmarisia”
euTos demokratiuli institutebisa da adamianis uflebebis
dacvis ofisis pres mdivnis mier gavrcelebuli presrelizi,
Tbilisi, 6 oqtomberi 2006 weli.
2
damatebiT ix. axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia “adgilobrivi
arCevnebi saqarTveloSi: samarTliani TamaSi” winasaarCevno
kampaniis monitoringis angariSi “ Tblisi 2006

60
to ise saparalameto arCevnebis saarCevno kampanis dros
kvlav problemur sakiTxad rCeboda adnisitraciuli
resursebis gamoyeneba saarCevno kampaniis miznebisaTvis
saxelisuflebo kandidatebis mxridan.
2010 wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCev-
nebs win uZRoda saarCevno kodeqsSi ganxorcielebuli
cvlilebebi, aseve saarCevno kampaniis sawyis stadiaze,
kerZod, 2010 wlis 8 aprils centralur saarCevno komi-
siasa da 5 arasamTavrobo organizacias (”axali Tao-
ba_axali iniciativa”, ”samarTliani arCevnebisa da de-
mokratiis saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba, saqarTvelos
axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia, “saerTaSoriso gam-
Wvirvaloba_saqarTvelo” da saerTo samoqalaqo moZra-
oba _ mravalerovani saqarTvelo) Soris xeli moewera
memorandums “”2010 wlis arCevnebisaTvis administraci-
uli resursebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb”1, mogvianebiT, aR-
niSnul memorandums SeuerTda ToTxmeti politikuri
partia,2 romlis mizani iyo  xelmomweri mxareebis admi-
nistraciuli resursis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebul sa-
kiTxebze urTierTSeTanxmeba. Tumca miuxedavad aRniS-
nuli RonisZiebebisa es sakiTxi kvlav problematuria,
rasac garkveulwilad xels uwyobs kanonmdeblobaSi
nebsiT Tu uneblied gaparuli xarvezebi.
arasamTavrobo organizacia saerTaSoriso gamWvir-
valoba _ saqarTvelo“-m administraciuli resursebis
gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT pirveli angariSi jer ki-
dev saarCevno kampaniis oficialur dawyebamde gamoaq-

                                                            
1
saiam da oTxma arasamTavrobo organicaziam ceskosTan me-
morandumi gaaforma /samSabaTi, 13 aprili 2010
/http://www.gyla.ge/attachments/702_memorandumi.pdf
2
centraluri saarCevno komisia /adgilobrivi TviTmmarTve-
lobis arCevnebi 2010 / sainformacio biuleteni/4 – 10 maisi
“ceskom da Tormetma politikurma partiam administraciuli
resursis gamoyenebaze memorandums moaweres xeli”
http://www.cec.gov.ge/files/biuletenebi/biuleteni_4_-_10_maisi.pdf

61
veyna1, angariSi Seexeboda 2010 wlis biujetSi adgilob-
rivi TviTmmarTvelobisaTvis gamoyofili Tanxebis up-
recendento zrdas. saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba_saqar-
Tvelos mier gamoqyveynebul monitoringis meore2 anga-
riSSi dafiqsirebulia administraciuli resursebis ga-
moyenebis araerTi SemTxveva. Cemi azriT ”sakanonmdeblo
xarvezi”, romelic aucileblad unda gamoswordes Sem-
domi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebisaTvis,
Seexeba merisa da sakrebulos uflebamosilebis sakiTxs,
kerZod dRes moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad meri da
sakrebulo uflebamosilebas axorcielebs axali sakre-
bulos pirvel Sekrebamde.3 pirvel SemTxvevaSi ”Tbili-
sis meris arCevnebs niSnavs saqarTvelos prezidenti
Tbilisis meris uflebamosilebis vadis gasvlamde ara-
ugvianes 60 dRisa. analogiuri mdgomareobaa sakrebu-
losTan mimarTebaSic.
administraciuli resursebis gamoyenebasTan dakav-
SirebiT sainteresesoa euTos sadamkvirveblo misiis mo-
nitoringis anagriSSi gamoTqmuli SeniSvnebi da adminis-
traciuli resursebis gamoyenebis faqtebi, mag: “Tbili-
                                                            
1
administraciuli resursebis saarCevno kampaniis miznebisaT-
vis gamoyenebis monitoringis pirveli angariSi.
http://www.transparency.ge/post/report/pirveli-angarishi-administratsiuli-
resursis-gamoqenebis-shesakheb-tsinasaarchevno-kampan
2
“saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba-saqarTvelo”s administraciu-
li resursebis saarCevno kampaniis miznebisaTvis gamoyenebis
monitoringis meore Sualeduri anagiriSi 2010 wlis 15 mar-
tidan 5 maisamde periods moicavs da administraciuli re-
sursebis oTx ZiriTad saxeobaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas, ese-
nia: xisti, finansuri materialur teqnikuri da adamianuri
resursebi. dawvrilebiT. ix.
http://www.transparency.ge/post/report/meore-shualeduri-angarishi-
administratsiuli-resursis-gamoqenebis-shesakheb-tsinasaarchev
3
saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi. muxli 129/13
(28.12.2009.#2525) punqti 2. 2006 wels arCeul adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis organoebs uflebamosileba SeuwydeT axa-
larCeuli sakrebuloebis pirveli SekrebisTanave.

62
sis meriis mier warmoebuli sazogadoebrivi kampania,
romlis slogani iyo “me miyvars Tbilisi” da romelic
am arCevnebis gamocxadebamde iqna inicirebuli Semdgom-
Si erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis mier TbilisSi war-
moebuli winasaarCevno kampaniis nawili gaxda.“
amasTan dakavSirebiT SeniSvna gamoiTqva adgilob-
rivi sadamkvirveblo organizaciis “saerTaSoriso gam-
Wvirvaloba _ saqarTvelos” mier momzadebul arCevnebis
monitoringis meore anagriSSi “mmarTveli partiis maJo-
ritari deputatobis kandidatebis saagitacio masalebSi
gamoyenebulia Tbilisis meriis mier dafinansebuli e.w.
rebrendingis farglebSi Seqmnili logo “me miyvars
Tbilisi” romelic Tbilisis meriis mier dafinansebuli
proeqtebis prezentaciisas gamoiyeneboda. es proeqte-
bia: qalaqis parkirebis gadasaxadis gadaxdis damadastu-
rebeli niSani, erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis” maJori-
tari deputatobis kandidatebi winasaarCevno kampaniisas
iyeneben flaierebs, romlebzedac igive logoa gamosa-
xuli. Tbilisis meriis gancxadebiT, es logo ar aris
meriis sakuTreba da masze saavtoro ufleba ar arse-
bobs, Sesabamisad misi gamoyeneba ar aris kanonis dar-
Rveva, magram, rogorc dasawyisSi aRiniSna, 1990 wlis
kopenhagenis konferenciis dokumentis Tanaxmad, unda
arsebobdes “naTeli gansxvaveba saxelmwifosa da poli-
tikur partiebs Soris, kerZod, ar unda moxdes politi-
kuri partiebisa da saxelmwifos aRreva” (muxli 5.4) es
logo ki pirdapir Tbilisis meriasTan asocirdeba.” amas
emateba sarCevno kampaniiis oficialuri dawyebamde me-
riis mier ganxorcielebuli sxvadasxva socialuri pro-
eqtebi da aseve uSualod saarCevno kampaniis mimdinare-
obis dros meriis mier inicirebuli proeqti “kinoma-
nia”1, rac bunebrivad aCens kiTxvebs da eWvebs admnis-

1
damatebiT ix. axalgazrda iuristta asociacia. 2010 wlis 30
maisis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebis sadamkvir-

63
traciuli resursebis saarCevno kampaniis miznebisaTvis
gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT.
wlebis manZilze saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi
saxelmwifo da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis aRmas-
rulebeli organoebis xelmZRvanel pirebs ukrZalavda
winasaarCevno agitaciaSi monawileobas, 2006 wlis adgi-
lobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebis win miRebuli sa-
kanonmdeblo cvlilebebiT ki aRniSnuli cvlilebebi ka-
nonmdeblobaSi gauqmda, ramac sxvadasxva donis xeli-
suflebis aRmasarulebeli organoebis xelmZRvanelebs,
magaliTad, ministrebs, ufleba mianiWa ewarmoebinaT
romelime saarCevno subieqtis mxardamWeri, an sawinaaR-
mdego agitacia. aseTi sakanonmdeblo sivrcis pirobebSi
SeuZlebelia winasaarCevno konkurenciis Tanabrobis
kriteriumiT Sefaseba; gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac
xelisuflebis xelmZRvaneli organoebi mmarTveli par-
tiis warmomadgenlebiTa da mxardamWerebiTaa dakom-
pleqtebuli.
aseve yuradsaRebia saarCevno subieqtad da Tanam-
debobis pirad erTdroulad yofnis SesaZlebloba, rac
kanonmdeblobiT ar ikrZaleboda 2006 wlis adgilobri-
vi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebisTvis. niSandoblivia,
rom parlamentis wevrs kanonmdebloba avaldebulebs
uflebamosilebis SeCerebas, Tu igi adgilobriv arCev-
nebSi registrirdeba da kenWs iyris kandidatad; zemox-
senebuli akrZalva aseve vrceldeboda adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis qveda donis xelmZRvanel pirebze:
soflis, Temis, dabis sakrebulos Tvamjdomare/gamgebe-
li an nebismieri wevri, raionis sakrebulos mdivani da
wevrebi (Tu ar arian sakrebulos komisiis an fraqciis
Tavmjdomareebi). Tumca, absoluturad dausabuTeblad,
kanonmdebloba uSvebs sruliad sapirispiros da ufle-
bamosilebis SeuCereblad, samsaxurebrivi movaleobis
                                                                                                                              
veblo misia. winasaarCevno garemos monitoringis angariSi. 23
aprili.2010.

64
Sesrulebis paralelurad TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebSi
kandidatebad registrirebisa da saarCevno kampaniis 
warmoebis uflebas aZlevs qalaqis mers, raionis gamge-
bels da moadgiles, raionis sakrebulos Tavmjdomares
da moadgiles, raionis sakrebulos komisiebisa an fraq-
ciebis Tavmjdomareebs, cxadia amgvari sakanonmdeblo
safuZveli administraciuli resursis da Tanamdebobri-
vi mdgomareobis gamoyenebis momgebian viTarebas qmnida
mmrTveli partiis kandidatebisTvis; gansakuTrebiT ki
maTTvis, visac zemoxsenebuli Tanamdebobebi ekava (maga-
liTad Tbilisis meri).
2006 wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevne-
bis Semdgom saarCevno kodeqsma am mxrivac ganicada
cvlileba, kerZod 2008 wels saarCevno kodeqsSi Sevida
cvlileba, romlis Tanaxmad saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis
pirebs ekrZalebaT awarmoon kampania samsaxurebrivi
funqciebis Sesrulebisas. 1
aseve sagulisxmoa, rom jer kidev 2010 wlis adgi-
lobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebis saarCevno kampa-
niis sawyis stadiaze, kerZod 12 aprils gamarTul par-
lamentis biuros sxdomaze parlamentis Tavmjdomare
arCevnebis procesSi administraciuli resursis gamoye-
nebis sakiTxsac Seexo. Tavmjdomarem gaafrTxila saxel-
mwifo moxeleebi emoqmedaT mxolod TavianTi kompeten-
ciisa da kanonis farglebSi. xolo politikur Zalebs ki
parlamentis TavmJdomarem sakuTari saqmianobis swored
memorandumis Sesabamisad warmarTvisaken mouwoda2.
Tumca miuxedavad araerTgzis gancxadebisa da Ro-
nisZiebebisa mimdinare saarCevno kampaniisas dafiqsirda
sajaro moxeleTa mxridan saarCevno kampaniaSi ukanonod
Carevis faqtebi.
                                                            
1
saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi. muxli 761 winasaarCevno agi-
taciisas da kampaniisas Tanamdebobrivi an samsaxurebrivi
mdgomareobis gamoyenebis akrZalva. (21.03.2008 #6013).
2
http://www.parliament.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=56&info_id=27332

65
 magaliTad, bevrma kandidatma maT Soris maRali
Tanamdebobis pirebma aiRes Svebuleba “erTiani naciona-
luri moZraobisTvis“ saarCevno kampaniis sawarmoeblad.
opozicionerma politikosebma ki amis Taobaze protes-
ti gamoTqves, radgan es xels aZlevs mxolod “erTian
nacionalur moZraobas.
saarCevno kodeqsis 761 muxlis darRvevis araerTi
faqti dafiqsirda, rogorc adgilobrivi sadamkvirveb-
lo organizaciebis aseve saerTaSoriso sadamkvirveblo
organizaciebis monitoringis angariSebSi. mag: “kaxeTis
sainformacio centris Jurnalistis gela mTivliSvilis
gancxadebiT, siRnaRis saolqo-saarCevno komisiis Tav-
mjdomare mamuka koraSvili nacionaluri moZraobis ra-
ionuli organizaciis TaTbirebs eswreba da SvebulebaSi
gasul municipalitetis gamgebelTan nodar koWlamaziS-
vilTan erTad samuSao oTaxSi Sexvedrebs marTavs.”1
“22 aprils mcxeTaSi “erTiani nacionaluri moZra-
obis” generaluri mdivani zurab meliqiSvili mosaxleo-
bas Sexvda sveticxovlis mimdebare teritoriaze da
partiis kandidatebi waradgina. Sexvedras, romelic sa-
muSao saaTebSi gaimarTa, gamgeobisa da sakrebulos
TiTqmis yvela TanamSromeli, teritoriuli erTeule-
bis rwmunebulebi, aseve # 1 da #2 saSualo skolebis
direqtorebi da pedagogebic (saskolo saaTebSi) eswre-
bodnen. maT Sekreba dRis 12 saaTidan daiwyes. ramdenime
maTganis mier mowodebuli informaciis Tanaxmad, isini
“sastikad iyvnen gafrTxilebuli” rom SexvedraSi mona-
wileoba unda mieRoT. saqarTvelos organuli kanonis
“saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi” Sesabamisad. (73-e mux-
lis me-5 punqtis “T” qvepunqtis da 761 muxlis 1-li pun-
qtis “g”qvepunqti) da ceskos, arasamTavrobo organiza-

1
saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia. 2010 wlis 30
maisi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebis sadamkvir-
veblo misia. winasaarCevno garemos monitoringis angariSi. 23
aprili 2010.

66
ciebis da politikuri partiebis mier xelmowerili me-
morandumis erT-erTi ganmartebis Tanaxmad, samuSao sa-
aTebSi agitaciis gaweva kanoniT aris akrZaluli1” da
sxva araerTi msgavsi SemTxveva gamovlinda.
statiaSi moyvanili faqtebi srulad ar asaxavs sa-
arCevno kampaniis mimdinareobas, Tumca garkveuli das-
kvnebis gamotanis saSualebas mainc iZleva.
miuxedavad imisa, rom saarCevno kodeqsis srulyo-
fis da saarCevno garemos gaumjobesebis mizniT sakanon-
mdeblo cvlilebebi jer kidev 2006 wlis adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebamde Sevida, Semdgom 2008
wlis saprezidento da saparlamento arCevnebis win gan-
xorcielda ramodenime mniSvnelovani cvlileba, xolo
2009 wlis 28 dekembers, ramodenimeTviani muSaobis Sem-
deg, miRebul iqna axali saarCevno kodeqsi, 2006 da 2010
wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebis saar-
Cevno kampaniis analizisas ikveTeba identuri probleme-
bi. aqve unda aRiniSnos rom saarCevno kampaniis ganviTa-
rebis TvalsazrisiT progresi aSkarad SesamCnevia. Tum-
ca mTeli rigi sakanonmdeblo normebis gamo kiTxvis
niSnis qveS dgeba saqarTvelos saarCevnos kodeqsis Se-
sabamisoba saerTaSoriso standartebTan da normebTan.
aqedan gamomdinare saarCevno kanonmdeblobis daxvewis
da konkurentunariani saarCevno garemos Sesaqmnelad
seriozuli cvlilebebia gansaxorcielebeli.

1
saerTaSoris gamWvirvaloba _ saqarTvelo. administraciuli
resursebis gamoyeneba winasaarCevno kampaniis miznebisaTvis.
2010 wlis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi. II anga-
riSi. 2010 wlis 11 maisi.

67
 gamoyenebuli literatura

1. saqarTvelos organuli kanoni “saqarTvelos sa-

arCevno kodeqsi
2. saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia.
2010 wlis 30 maisi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelo-
bis arCevnebis sadamkvirveblo misia. winasaarCev-
no garemos monitoringis angariSi. 23 aprili
2010.
3. axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia “adgilobrivi
arCevnebi saqarTveloSi: samarTliani TamaSi” wi-
nasaarCevno kampaniis monitoringis angariSi “
Tbilisi 2006
4. euTos demokratiuli institutebisa da adamianis
uflebebis ofisi. arCevnebis sadamkvirveblo mi-
sia. saqarTvelo, adgilobrivi arCevnebi 2010 we-
li. 21 maisi. Sualeduri angariSi #2 (4-15 maisi)
5. media monitoringi 2010. pirveli talRa 26 apri-
li- 5 maisi.
6. satelevizio arxebis monitoringi Sedegebi. meo-
re talRa. 6-12 maisi.
7. satelevizio arxebis monitoringis Sedegebi. me-
same talRa. 13-19 maisi, 2010
8. saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba-saqarTvelo”s admi-
nistraciuli resursebis saarCevno kampaniis miz-
nebisaTvis gamoyenebis monitoringis meore Sua-
leduri angariSi
9. administraciuli resursebis saarCevno kampaniis
miznebisaTvis gamoyenebis monitoringis pirveli
angariSi.
10. “ucnauri arCevnebi: distanciaze brZolis’ stra-
tegia da taqtika“, giorgi asaniSvili, 24 saaTi”
20 seqtemberi 2006 ,#207 (1359)
11. centraluri saarCevno komisia /adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi 2010 / sainformacio
biuleteni/4-10 maisi

68
 internet resursebi

http://www.civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=13866
http://www.1tv.ge/Video-
View.aspx?VID=1266&Loc=82&CatID=1&LangID=1
1
http://www.1tv.ge/Video-
View.aspx?VID=1274&Loc=82&CatID=1&LangID=1
1
http://www.civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=22682&search=
სატელევიზიო დებატები
http://www.parliament.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=56&inf
o_id=27332
.http://www.transparency.ge/post/report/meore-shualeduri-angarishi-
administratsiuli-resursis-gamoqenebis-shesakheb-tsinasaarchev
http://www.transparency.ge/post/press‐release/saertashoriso‐
gamchvirvaloba‐sakartvelo‐tsinasaarchevno‐periodis‐monitoringis‐
mes 
http://www.transparency.ge/post/report/pirveli‐angarishi‐
administratsiuli‐resursis‐gamoqenebis‐shesakheb‐tsinasaarchevno‐
kampan 
http://www.cec.gov.ge/files/biuletenebi/biuleteni_4_‐
_10_maisi.pdf 
http://www.gyla.ge/attachments/702_memorandumi.pdf 
http://www.ambebi.ge/politika/19486-opoziciisthvis-miutsvdomeli-
nacionaluri-arkhebis-politikuri-reklamis-tarifebi.html

lia tetradze PhD student of the Faculty of Social and Politicial

Sciences of TSU

Main trends of the 2010 local government election campaign

summary
The article deals with the legislative changes in the election
code. The article highlights the fact that though the progress in the
filed is obvious there is great number of issues to be settled in order
to maintain competitive pre-election environment.

69
samarTlis statistikis Taviseburebani da misi
roli samarTlebrivi reJimis uzrunvelyofis
saqmeSi

ana kuWuxiZe
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti
socialur-humanitaruli fakultetis doqtoranti

Sesavali. statistikuri saqmianoba ukve saukuneebia

saxelmwifoebrivi cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawilia. isto-
riuli wyaroebis mixedviT statistikuri cnobebis mo-
poveba saqarTveloSi XIII saukunidan iwyeba. 1254-1258
wlebSi monRolma noinma arRunma aRwera saqarTvelos
mosaxleoba da maTi qoneba. 1689 wlidan, erekle I-is me-
fobis xanaSi, saqarTvelos sadroSoebis sardlebi Svid
weliwadSi erTxel atarebdnen TavianT sadroSoebSi
xalxis aRweras. statistikis sferoSi axali etapi 1918
wlis 15 noembers daiwyo, rodesac miwaTmoqmedebis sami-
nistrosTan Seiqmna statistikis droebiTi biuro. mas
Semdeg statistikur aRricxvasa da analizs sxvadasxva
organoebi axorcielebdnen. 1997-2003 wlebSi statisti-
kur saqmianobas axorcielebda saqarTvelos statisti-
kis saxelmwifo departameti, romelic 2003 wlidan eko-
nomikuri ganviTarebis saministros SeuerTda da Sesaba-
misad, aRniSnuli TariRidan 2009 wlis 11 dekembramde
moqmedebda rogorc ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saminis-
tros saxelmwifo saqveuwyebo dawesebuleba _ statisti-
kis departamenti. dResdReobiT ki saqstati warmoad-
gens saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad statis-
tikis warmoebisa da statistikuri informaciis gavrce-
lebis mizniT Seqmnil sajaro samarTlis iuridiul
pirs, romelic damoukideblad axorcielebs Tavis saq-
mianobas saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze.

70
 rogorc mowmobs istoria, statistikuri monaceme-
bis gareSe SeuZlebelia saxelmwifos, rogorc socialu-
ri organizmis marTva, misTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelo-
bis calkeuli mimarTulebebis ganviTareba, socialur-
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis programebis SemuSaveba, soci-
alur-samarTlebriv sferoSi samarTaldarRvevebze kon-
troli da maT Soris optimaluri proporciebis uzrun-
velyofa.
statistikis udides mniSvnelobas saxelmwifo
da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis sferoSi adasturebs isic,
rom sakiTxi Sedis evropis samezoblo politikis samoq-
medo gegmaSi. samoqmedo gegmaSi dasaxulia prioritete-
bi da CvenTvis am SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania is faqti,
rom erT-erT aseT prioritetad miCneulia swored sta-
tistikis sferoSi arsebuli situaciis gaumjobeseba,
sisxlis samarTlis sferoSi efeqtiani statistikis Se-
muSaveba, statistikuri monacemebis xarisxis gaumjobe-
seba, da sxv.
samarTlis statistika. misi arsi da Taviseburebani.
oficialuri statistikuri informacia warmoadgens
ekonomikis, demografiis, ekologiisa da socialuri
sferoebis mdgradi ganviTarebis aucilebel safuZvels.
rogorc vxedavT, statistika Seexeba saxelmwifoTa sa-
zogadoebrivi cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferoebs. Sesabami-
sad, imisda mixedviT, Tu ra sazogadoebriv movlenas Se-
iswavlis statistika, igi iyofa sxvadasxva dargebad.
aseTi dargebidan erTs warmoadgens samarTlis statis-
tika, romelic Tavisi monacemebiT asaxavs, Tu rogor
aris daculi sazogadoebrivi da saxelmwifo wyobileba,
sakuTreba, calkeuli moqalaqis, sawarmoebis, dawesebu-
lebebis, sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis konstituciiT
garantirebuli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi. samarTlis
statistikis ZiriTad amocanas warmoadgens kanondar-
Rvevebis, sasamarTlo organoebis mier ganxiluli saqme-

71
ebis, danaSaulisa da damnaSaveTa winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
RonisZiebebis aRricxva da analizi. samarTlis statis-
tikam unda moicvas informacia ara mxolod qveyanaSi
arsebul danaSaulebriobis Sesaxeb, aramed aseve gamoav-
linos maTi kavSirebi da urTierTdamokidebuleba qveya-
naSi arsebul moralur, politikur, socialur-ekonomi-
kur mdgomareobasTan da maTi ganviTarebis doneebis
cvalebadobasTan. es aris is, rac SesaZlebelia mxo-
lod statistikuri meTodologiis meTodebisa da xer-
xebis mTliani arsenalis keTilsindisieri aTvisebis sa-
fuZvelze.
statistika, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Seiswavlis sa-
zogadoebrivi movlenebis raodenobriv mxares da gvaZ-
levs cifrebsa da procentebSi gamoxatul Sedegebs,
Tumca am Sedegebs udidesi praqtikuli mniSvneloba
aqvs. statistikuri monacemebis floba iseTi faqtebis
Sesaxeb, rogoricaa: drois sxvadasxva monakveTSi danaSa-
ulis Cadenis faqtebis zrda an Semcireba, sasamarTloSi
saapelacio da sakasacio wesiT gansaxilvel saqmeTa ra-
odenoba da miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi saSualebas gvaZ-
levs gavaanalizoT danaSaulis Cadenis xelSemwyobi ga-
remoebebi, danaSaulis aRkveTisa da Semcirebis mizniT
ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebis efeqturoba, sagamomZi-
eblo, sasamarTlo da sxva organoTa muSaobis efeqtu-
roba da miRebuli Sedegebis safuZvelze davsaxoT Sem-
dgomi moqmedebis gzebi. statistika, rig SemTxvevaSi,
asabuTebs konkretuli kanonproeqtis ZalaSi Sesvlis,
kanonis gauqmebis an masSi cvlilebebis Setanis auci-
leblobas. rasakvirvelia, statistika am SemTxvevaSi Ta-
maSobs ara ZiriTad, aramed damxmare, magram mainc mniS-
vnelovan rols. Tavisi maCveneblebiT ilustrirebs
praqtikas, adgens kanonis moqmedebis efeqturobas, ri-
Tac sabuTdeba ama Tu im kanonis ZalaSi Sesvlis, misi
gauqmebis, an masSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis

72
aucilebloba. aq SeiZleba moviyvanoT aSS-s magaliTi,
sadac swored statistikur monacemebze dayrdnobiT
1933 wels alkoholze akrZalva moixsna. saqme isaa, rom
im wlebSi, rodesac aSS-Si moqmedebda e.w. mSrali kano-
ni, mkvlelobis muxliT Cadenil danaSaulTa faqtebis
maCvenebelma 100 aTas sul mosaxleze SeiZleba iTqvas
rekordul maCvenebels 9.7%-s miaRwia1. zustad alkoho-
lis akrZalvis periods emTxveva am qveyanaSi Cvens sau-
kuneSi momxdari yvelaze sastiki danaSaulebis Cadenis
faqtebi. swored aRniSnulma statistikurma monacemebma
aiZula aSS-s mTavroba Seecvala Tavisi midgoma alkoho-
lur sasmelebTan mimarTebaSi, rasac Sedegad mohyva is,
rom mkvlelobis maCvenebelma momdevno wlebSi sag-
rZnoblad iklo. es aris naTeli magaliTi imisa, Tu ra
praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs statistikur monacemebs.
swored amitom, saWirod migvaCnia visaubroT samarTlis
statistikis specifikurobaze da samarTlis statisti-
kis warmoebis Taviseburebebze.
upirveles yovlisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom samarTlis
statistika Tavis mxriv iyofa ramdenime damoukidebel
dargad. aRniSnul statiaSi SevexebiT samarTlis sta-
tistikis mxolod erT dargs, kerZod sisxlis samar-
Tlis statistikas.
ZiriTadi nawili. sisxlis samarTlis statistika
iyofa Semdeg Semadgenel nawilebad:

a) winaswari gamoZiebis statistika Seiswavlis im sa-

xelmwifo organoebis saqmianobas, romlebic axorcie-
leben danaSaulTa gamoZiebasa da danaSaulis Camden
pirTa gamovlenas.

                                                            
1
broSura "saintereso faqtebi narkotikebTan dakavSirebiT"
gamocemulia zianis Semcirebis saqarTvelos qselis proeq-
tiT "saadvokato kompaniis" farglebSi. 2007w.

73
 mocemuli ganayofi moicavs im danaSaulebriobaTa
aRricxvas, romelTa Cadenis Sesaxeb cnobili gaxda ga-
moZiebis organoebisaTvis, aseve danaSaulis CadenaSi ga-
movlenili pirebis aRricxvas. winaswari gamoZiebis sta-
tistika aRricxavs aseve iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa: ga-
moZiebis vada, gaxsnili danaSaulebis raodenoba, danaSa-
ulSi eWvmitanil da dakavebul pirTa raodenoba da sxv.
b) sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo warmoebis statis-
tika asaxavs pirveli instanciis, saapelacio da sakasa-
cio sasamarTloebis muSaobas.
es ganayofi moicavs Semosul da ganxilul sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeTa aRricxvas, aseve gansasjelebis rao-
denobis aRricxvas, sasamarTloebis iseTi procesualu-
ri moqmedebebis aRricxvas, rogoricaa _ sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmeTa Sewyveta, gamamtyunebeli da gamamarTle-
beli ganaCenis gamotana, da sxv.
g) ganaCenis aRsrulebis statistika asaxavs sasje-
laRsrulebiTi dawesebulebebis muSaobas. mas aseve mie-
kuTvneba Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebze zedamxedve-
lobis ganmaxorcielebeli organoebis saqmianobis aR-
ricxva. mocemuli ganayofi moicavs patimarTa aRric-
xvas sxvadasxva kategoriebis mixedviT (danaSaulebrio-
bis da procesualuri niSnebis mixedviT _ Tavisuflebis
aRkveTis vadebis da sxv.), aseve sasjelaRsrulebiTi da-
wesebulebebis saqmianobis analizs. aq aseve aisaxeba sa-
samarTloebis muSaoba pirobiT vadamde ganTavisufle-
basa da sasjelis SedarebiT msubuqi sasjeliT Secvlas-
Tan dakavSirebiT.
rogorc vxedavT, sisxlis samarTlis statistikis
maCveneblebi axasiaTeben, erTis mxriv, winaswari gamoZi-
ebis organoebis, sasamarTloebisa da sasjelaRsrulebi-
Ti dawesebulebebis saqmianobas, xolo meores mxriv,
qveyanaSi arsebul kriminogenul mdgomareobas. yvela-
feri es, seriozul rols TamaSobs am organoebis muSa-

74
obis gaumjobesebis, aseve danaSaulebriobaTa Seswavli-
sa da prevenciis saqmeSi.
gaverkvieT ra sisxlis samarTlis statistikis Ses-
wavlis obieqtebSi, aucilebelia SevCerdeT misi masale-
bis Taviseburebaze, rac yovelTvis mxedvelobaSi unda
viqonioT maTi Seswavlisas.
upirveles yovlisa unda aRiniSnos, rom sisxlis sa-
marTlis statistika ar moicavs sinamdvileSi momxdar
yvela Cadenil danaSauls da iZulebulia SemoisazRvros
mxolod daregistrirebul danaSaulTa aRricxviT1. Se-
sabamisad, cxadia, rom danaSaulobaTa mniSvnelovani na-
wili, e. w. faruli danaSaulebi, rCeba gamouvleneli
(magaliTad, is danaSaulebi, romelTa Sesaxeb dazarale-
buli ar acnobebs Sesabamis organoebs).
aucilebelia aRiniSnos is faqtic, rom danaSaulis
ricxovnobis monacemTa gaanalizebisas, mudmivad gasaT-
valiswinebelia, sisxlis samarTlis procesis romel
stadiaze moxda am monacemebis aRricxva-gaanalizeba.
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, maTi Sedarebisas, isini SeiZleba
gamoiyurebodnen imdenad winaaRmdegobrivad, rom maTi
gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba SeiZleba saeWvoc gaxdes.
Tumca, es gansxvavebebi sisxlis samarTlis procesis
sxvadasxva stadiaze aRricxul monacemebs Soris abso-
luturad logikuria.rac ufro daSorebulia procesu-
aluri RonisZieba danaSaulis Cadenis droisagan, miT
ufro naklebad asaxavs aRricxuli monacemebi Cadenili
danaSaulobebis realur ricxvs. yvelaze ufro zustad
asaxavs am namdvil cifrs winaswari gamoZiebis, organoe-
bis statistikuri maCveneblebi (registrirebul danaSa-
ulTa raodenoba da maT SesrulebaSi gamovlenil pir-
Ta ricxvi).

                                                            
1
a. kuWuxiZe, r. kuWuxiZe "samarTlis statistika", Tbilisi
2008;

75
 danaSaulobebis ricxvi mocemul stadiaze iqneba,
rasakvirvelia, gacilebiT maRali, vidre sasamarTloSi
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa warmoebisa da sisxlis samar-
Tlebriv pasuxisgebaSi micemul pirTa ricxvi, an im pir-
Ta ricxvi, romlebic realurad sasjels ixdian sasje-
laRsrulebiT dawesebulebaSi. es gasagebicaa, vinaidan
garkveuli raodenobis saqme, romlebzec mimdinareobda
gamoZieba SeiZleba ar aRmoCndes sasamarTloSi, vinai-
dan, SesaZloa saqme gauxsneli darCes, mosarCelem uari
Tqvas sarCelze, saqme Sewydes Sesabamisi normis gauqme-
bis gamo da sxv. meores mxriv, sabolood im pirTa rao-
denoba, romlebic sasjels ixdian sasjelaRsrulebiT
dawesebulebaSi, rogorc wesi kidev ufro naklebia, vid-
re damnaSaveTa realuri raodenoba, vinaidan im SemTxve-
vaSic ki, Tu saqme ganixila sasamarTlom, pirs SeiZleba
ver daekisros pasuxismgebloba asakobrivi cenzis gamo,
piri SesaZloa gaTavisufldes amnistiis an Sewyalebis
safuZvelze da sxv.
maSasadame, cxadia, rom danaSaulobaTa mniSvnelo-
vani nawili e.w. faruli danaSaulebriobaa. faqtiuri
danaSaulebrioba yovelTvis maRalia gamovlenil dana-
Saulebriobaze, romelic mniSvnelovnad aRemateba gamo-
tanil ganaCenebs, xolo es ricxvi, Tavis mxriv, yovel-
Tvis didia msjavrdebulTa ricxvze.
Tumca, miuxedavad imisa, rom danaSauli da masTan
brZola aRiricxeba sisxlis samarTlis procesebis sxva-
dasxva stadiaze, isini mainc ar SeiZleba winaaRmdegob-
rivi iyvnen erTmaneTis mimarT. rac ufro warmatebulia
winaswari gamoZiebis warmoeba, bunebrivia, miT ufro,
maRalia msjavrdadebulTa ricxvi am saqmeebSi da piri-
qiT.
rodesac vlaparakobT sisxlis samarTlis statis-
tikuri masalebis maxasiaTeblebze, aucilebelia aRvniS-
noT kidev erTi Tavisebureba. kerZod is, rom drois

76
garkveul periodSi gamovlenil danaSaulebriobaze ar-
sebuli statistikuri cnobebi sruli sizustiT ar asa-
xavs mis dones mocemul periodTan SefardebiT. amis mi-
zezi SeiZleba mravali iyos. magaliTisaTvis, im statis-
tikuri monacemebis sisworeze, romelic asaxavs sxva-
dasxva statistikur monacems drois garkveul period-
Si, SesaZloa garkveul zegavlenas axdendes sasamar-
Tlo-sagamoZiebo organoTa ricxovnobisa da maTi muSa-
obis xarisxis cvlileba. sruliad gasagebia, rom am or-
ganoebis saqmianobis xarisxis gaumjobeseba aCqarebs ga-
moZiebis da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gadawyvetis va-
debs, rac iwvevs statistikuri monacemebis gadidebas
drois mocemul periodSi, Tumca raRac nawili maT So-
ris miekuTvneba warsul saqmeebs da piriqiT, Semdgom
periodSi sasamarTlo-sagamoZiebo organoebis mier wina
saqmeTa narCenebisagan gantvirTvis gamo statistikuri
monacemebi Semdgom periodSi aCvenebs danaSaulebrioba-
Ta Semcirebas, Tumca sinamdvileSi, SesaZlebelia, aseTi
Semcireba arc iyo. igives eqneba adgili sagamoZiebo da
sasamarTlo organoebis muSaobis xarisxis gaumjobese-
bis an gauaresebis SemTxvevaSi, rac gamoiwvevs danaSau-
lis gaxsnisa da sasamarTloSi faqtebis gadacemis ric-
xvis gadidebas an Semcirebas. es, Tavis mxriv, pirdapir
aisaxeba sisxlis samarTlis statistikis maCveneblebSi,
romelic mogvcems danaSaulebriobaTa TiTqosda zrdis
an klebis suraTs.
sisxlis samarTlis statistikuri monacemebis da-
muSavebisas saWiroa mxedvelobaSi viqonioT isic, rom
erTi da igive pirs SeiZleba wlis ganmavlobaSi ramdeni-
me danaSaulisTvis daedos msjavri, ris gamoc xelovnu-
rad izrdeba msjavrdebulTa ricxvi. meore mxriv, sayu-
radRebo rols asrulebs danaSaulTa aRricxvaSi dana-
SaulTa erToblioba da masSi Tanamonawileoba. danaSau-
lobaTa erTobliobaSi Cveulebrivad gaiTvaliswineba

77
erTi yvelaze ufro seriozuli danaSauli, ris gamoc
xelovnurad mcirdeba drois mocemul periodSi faqti-
urad Sesrulebul danaSaulTa ricxvi. Tanamonawileo-
bis dros msjavrdebulTa ricxvi aRmoCndeba Cadenili
danaSaulebis ricxvze meti. swored amitom, danaSauleb-
riobaTa mdgomareobis statistikuri maCveneblebi auci-
lebelia gaanalizdes ara izolirebulad, aramed yo-
velTvis sxvadasxva maCveneblebTan erTad.
vlaparakobT ra, sisxlis samarTlis statistikis
arsze, aucilebelia ukve aRniSnul Taviseburebebs da-
vumatoT kidev erTi specifikuri niSani. ramdenadac,
TviT esa Tu is qmedeba danaSaulad miiCneva sisxlis sa-
marTlis kanonis safuZvelze, amdenad sisxlis samar-
Tlis kanonmdeblobaSi ganxorcielebuli cvlileba pir-
dapir aisaxeba sisxlis samarTlis statistikis maCveneb-
lebze. naTelia, rom kanonSi Setanili cvlileba, rome-
lic auqmebs qmedebis dasjadobas, gamoiwvevs msjavrde-
bulTa raodenobis klebas da piriqiT.
xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom danaSaulebriobaTa
statistikur maCveneblebze zemoqmedebs mTeli rigi
faqtorebi: socialur-politikuri mdgomareobis cvli-
leba, ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, ganaTlebis done, sis-
xlis samarTlis politika, sisxlis samarTlis kanon-
mdebloba da a.S.
daskvna. amgvarad, samarTlis statistikis monace-
mebs axasiaTebs garkveuli Taviseburebebi, romlebic ar
iZlevian SesaZleblobas statistikuri kvlevis Sedegad
sruli sizustiT gamovlindes qveyanaSi arsebuli dana-
Saulebriobis done da sisxlis samarTlis statistiki-
saTvis saintereso sxva monacemebi. amaSia, samarTlis
statistikis mTavari sirTule da specifikuroba sta-
tistikis sxva dargebTan SedarebiT. swored amitom, au-
cilebelia, upirveles yovlisa gaanalizdes yvela is
Tavisebureba, razec zemoT visaubreT da Semdgom maqsi-

78
malurad kompleqsuri kvlevis Sedegad moxdes statis-
tikis monacemebis ganxilva da analizi.

Abstract
Ana Kuchukhidze- PhD Student of the Faculty of Humanites
and Social Sciences of GTU.

Peculiarities of the law statistics and their role in insuring the

legal regime

Statistics, depending on this or that social event studied by

it, are divided into different sectors. Out of such sectors is the law
statistics, which in its turn consists of a few independent sectors.
This work will deal only with one sector – statistics of criminal law,
in particular. The work analysis the peculiarities, which are typical of
statistics of criminal law.
First of all, it should be noted that statistics of criminal law
do not cover all criminal offences committed and are only limited
with the registered crimes. Thereafter, it is obvious that majority of
criminal offences, the so-called concealed crimes, remains
undetected. Of special importance is the fact that, while analysing the
data on number of criminal offences, one should constantly take into
consideration in which stage of the criminal proceedings the
registration of these data took place. It is evident, that significant part
of crimes represents the so-called concealed crimes. The number of
actually committed crimes is always higher then the number of
detected crimes, which significantly exceeds the number of sentences
passed and this number, in its turn, is always much higher than the
number of persons convicted.
Yet another peculiarity should be underlined, particularly,
the fact that statistical data on criminal offences detected within a
certain period of time do not reproduce precisely the rate of crimes in

79
regard to the given period of time. There are a lot of reasons for it.
For instance, precision of statistical data, which cover different
statistical information for a certain period of time, may be to a
certain extent influenced by change of a number of judicial and
investigative bodies and quality of their work. It is obvious that
perfection of the quality of activity of these bodies reduces time-
limits of investigation and settlement of criminal cases and is
followed by expansion of statistical data within the given period of
time, though, in fact, such expansion might not even have taken
place. It should be taken into consideration that during one year, one
and the same person may be convicted of several criminal offences;
for this reason, number of convicted persons increases artificially.
On the other hand, significant role in the process of registration of
criminal offences is played by combination of crimes and complicity
in crimes. Combination of criminal offences, usually, provides for
one, the most serious crime, on account of which, number of crimes
actually committed within the given period of time is artificially
decreased. Number of persons convicted of complicity may be higher
than the number of crimes committed. Therefore, it is necessary to
analyse statistical data on the state of criminal offences not
separately, but always with due regard for different factors.
One specific factor should be also noted. Since this or that
action is considered by the criminal statute to be a crime, the
amendments introduced into the criminal statute will directly exert
influence on statistical data of criminal law. It is obvious, that
amendments, which are introduced into the criminal statute and
which abrogate criminality of such actions, will cause the reduction
of number of the persons convicted and vice versa.
The aforesaid peculiarities account for the main complexity
of the law statistics. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out
examination and analysis of statistical data with due regard for the
results of the most comprehensive research studies.

80
 gamoyenebuli da citirebuli literatura:

1. a. kuWuxiZe, r. kuWuxiZe "samarTlis statistika",

Tbilisi 2008;
2. saqarTvelos parlamentis 2009 wlis 11 dekembris
sainformacio gamoSveba.
3. saqarTvelos 11.12.09 kanoni "oficialuri sta-
tistikis Sesaxeb";
4. М.М. Бабаев. “Статистические методы анализа судимос-
ти“. Советскаяюстиция, 1969 г.;
5. Совюк Л.К. “Правовая статистика”, М., юрист. 2006 г.;
6. broSura "saintereso faqtebi narkotikebTan da-
kavSirebiT" gamocemulia zianis Semcirebis saqarTve-
los qselis proeqtiT "saadvokato kompaniis" fargleb-
Si. 2007w.

81
 samxreT kavkasiis regionuli usafrTxoebis
sakiTxi 2008 wlis agvistos omis Semdeg

maia manCxaSvili
socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa
fakultetis politikuri mecnierebis mimarTuleba,
doqtoranti.
politologiis institutis
mecnier-TanamSromeli

2008 wlis agvistos ruseT-saqarTvelos omma sam-

xreT kavkasiaSi manamde arsebuli ZalTa balansis siste-
ma Zireulad Secvala. ruseTis agresiam daarRvia mxare-
ebis mier daculi “status-qvos” mdgomareoba. regionu-
li usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT gaCnda rogorc axali
gamowvevebi _ ruseTis mier saqarTvelos ori regionis
okupacia da maTi “damoukidebel” saxelmwifoebad aRia-
reba; ise perspeqtivebic _ TurqeT-somxeTis “safexbur-
To” diplomatia da ciurixis protokolebi.
anu regionuli usafrTxoebis adrindeli modelebi
am droisaTvis SedarebiT moZvelebulia da saWiroebs
axali, ufro moqnili, regionis interesebs morgebuli
modelis SemuSavebasa da misi realizebis gzebis Ziebas
erToblivi ZalebiT.
am mimarTulebiT Zalzed aqtiuri muSaobiT gamoir-
Ceva Turquli diplomatia;
2008 wlis agvistos omis dros, erTaderTi qveyana,
romelmac wamoayena regionuli usafrTxoebis proeqti,
iyo TurqeTi; igi “kavkasiuri usafrTxoebis platfor-
mis” saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. am iniciativis Sesaxeb
TurqeTis premier-ministrma rejep taip erdoganma pir-
velad ganacxada 2008 wlis 11 agvistos moskovSi prezi-
dent d.medvedevTan Sexvedrisas; mas mohyva specialuri

82
vizitebi baqosa da TbilisSi da konsultaciebi mxareeb-
Tan, gaerTianebuliyvnen aliansis irgvliv.
TurqeTis mier wamoyenebuli gegmis Tanaxmad, usaf-
rTxoebis platformis monawiled moiazreboda xuTi
qveyana - ruseTi, TurqeTi, saqarTvelo, somxeTi da
azerbaijani _ “3+2” anu “xuTeulis formati”. r.erdoga-
nis gancxadebiT, aliansis formatiT gamarTul molapa-
rakebebSi unda CarTuliyo gaeroc [2].
TurqeTis premier-ministris iniciativas Tavis
droze mxari dauWira ruseTma. 2008 wlis 7oqtombers,
sagareo saqmeTa ministrma sergei lavrovma “Российская
Газета”-Tvis micemul interviuSi ganacxada: ,,Turquli-
idea imis Sesaxeb, rom kavkasiaSi stabilurobasa da Ta-
namSromlobaze swored regionis qveynebma moifiqron
saerTo platforma, asaxavs Turquli diplomatiis
mcdelobas” [3], lavrovma aseve dasZina _ ,,Turqebma, Ce-
mi azriT, Zalian droulad gaiges momentis unikaluro-
ba, romelic maT nebas aZlevs warmoaCinon TavianTi -
yofna am regionSi” [4].
TurqeTis usafrTxoebis platformas mxari dauW-
ires azerbaijanma da somxeTma. somxeTis sagareo saqme-
Ta ministrma ed. nalbandianma dadebiTad Seafasa Tur-
qeTis iniciativa da aRniSna, rom ,,somxeTi yovelTvis
iyo dialogis da molaparakebebis momxre, gansakuTre-
biT im sakiTxebSi, romelic regionSi TanamSromlobas
da usafrTxoebas exeba” [5]. Tumca, somxeTis oficialu-
ri mxaris zogierTma warmomadgenelma am platformaSi
iranis CarTvac moiTxova. magaliTad, sagareo urTier-
TobaTa sakiTxebSi mudmivmoqmedi saparlamento komisi-
is Tavjdomarem armen rustamianma 2008 w. 4 seqtembers
pres-konferenciaze gakeTebul gancxadebaSi aRniSna:
,,iranis armiReba kavkasiuri platformis am formatSi,
niSnavs Senelebuli moqmedebis naRmis Cadebas, romel-

83
mac nebismier dros SeiZleba aafeTqos usafrTxoebis es
sistema” [6].
azerbaijanis sagareo saqmeTa ministri ermal mame-
diarovic miesalma iniciativas, magram aRniSna, rom rigi
sakiTxebis detaluri ganxilvaa saWiro [7].
principuli Tanxmoba regionul aliansTan mierTe-
baze ar gaakeTa mxolod Tbilisma. qarTuli mxare miiC-
nevda, rom ar SeiZleboda monawileoba proeqtSi, ro-
melSic CarTuli iyo ruseTi _ qveyana, romelsac okupi-
rebuli aqvs misi teritoriebis 20% [8]. garda amisa, re-
gionis qveynebidan yvelaze metad swored saqarTvelos-
Tvis iyo miuRebeli usafrTxoebis platformidan evro-
kavSirisa da aSS-s gamoricxva.
aRsaniSnavia, rom premier erdoganis saqarTveloSi
vizitisas prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma dadebiTad
Seafasa TurqeTis mcdeloba regionSi Seiqmnas usafr-
Txoebis saerTo meqanizmebi da Txova ankaras gaegrZe-
lebina es mcdelobebi [10].
TurqeTis iniciativas civad Sexvda vaSingtoni. sa-
xelmwifo mdivnis TanaSemwis moadgile meTiu braizas
sityvebiT, is gaocebuli iyo Turquli mxaris winadade-
biT: ,,Cven ar viyaviT informirebuli imis Sesaxeb, rac
xdeboda, me mimaCnia, rom unda vimuSaoT ufro mWidrod
Cvens mokavSire TurqeTTan. miTumetes, rom masTan
gvaqvs saerTo interesebi” [13]. am gancxadebis safuZvel-
ze SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom TurqeTma aSS-is interese-
bis garkveulwilad ignorireba scada.
savsebiT SesaZlebelia TurqeTi damoukidebel Ta-
maSs TamaSobdes; mas sakmaod didi gavlena aqvs aramxo-
lod samxreT kavkasiis regionze, aramed mWidro ekonom-
ikuri da politikuri kavSirebi aqvs centraluri aziis
respublikebTan; am konteqstSi TurqeTis ambiciebi ga-
sagebia.

84
 TurqeTis prezidentma a.giulma agvistoSive _ 2008
wlis 18 agvistos “Guardian”-Tan interviuSi ganacxada,
rom“ konfliqtma saqarTveloSi cxadyo, aSS veRar gan-
sazRvravs globalur politikas da unda daiwyos Zala-
uflebis gadanawileba sxva qveynebTan” [14].
TurqeTis mxaris iniciativaSi sayuradReboa is
faqti, rom regionuli usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi Tanam-
Sromlobas apirebs natos wevri TurqeTi, qveyana, rome-
lic gavlenis gavrcobis ZiriTad berketad ekonomikas
iyenebs da ruseTi _ saxelmwifo, romlisTvisac ”gavle-
nis sfero” da ”samxedroyofna” identuri cnebebia.
rogorc aRvniSneT, aliansis wevrad ar moiazrebo-
da irani, magram, bolo etapisaTvis TurqeTisa da iranis
poziciebis daaxloebam ganapiroba is, rom rig sakiTxeb-
Si TurqeTis pozicia gadaixeda; ankara ukve aRar gamo-
ricxavs TeiranTan daaxloebas [16].
2009w. 2 noembers TurqeTsa da irans Soris gafor-
mda kidec SeTanxmeba _ navTobisa da gazis sferoSi Ta-
namSromlobis Sesaxeb urTierTgagebis memorandumi.
TurqeTis energetikis ministr taner ildizis gancxade-
biT, dokumenti iTvaliswinebs Turquli mxaris monawi-
leobas iranis umsxvilesi gazis sabados _ samxreT far-
sis aTvisebaSi. ramdenime weliwadSi mxareebi sabadodan
wliurad 35 miliardi kuburi metris mopovebas gegma-
ven; aqedan naxevars _ 17,5 miliard kuburmetrs _ Tur-
qeTi gegmavs, rom evropis bazarze gaitans. t. ildizis
gancxadebiT, am proeqtis ganxorcielebis Sedegad, ira-
ni, SesaZloa “nabukos” gazsadenisTvis gazis erT-erTi
mTavari mimwodebeli gaxdes [17].
2009 wlis noembris dasawyisSi r.t. erdoganma ir-
anSi vizitisas kavkasiis stabilurobis paqtSi iranis
CarTvaze gaakeTa aqcenti: “kavkasiaSi stabilurobiT da-
interesebulia, rogorc TurqeTi, aseve irani. amitom
problemebi unda gadawydes regionis qveynebis Tanam-

85
Sromlobis gziT” [18]. kavkasiuri stabilurobis ideam
SesaZloa axali ganzomilebebi SeiZinos masSi iranis
CarTviT da am paqtma axali sicocxle daiwyos.
iranis Temas anu birTvuli ganiaraRebis proble-
mas aseve didi adgili daeTmo 2010 wlis 8 dekembers
r.t. erdoganis aSS-Si vizitisas. baraq obama am mxriv
TurqeTs mediatorisa da momlaparakeblis rilSi moiaz-
rebs: “me mjera TurqeTs SeuZlia iyos mniSvnelovani
moTamaSe am mimarTulebiT, iranis Secvlis Zalisxmeva-
Si”[19].
“kavkasiuri usafrTxoebis platforma” problemis
aqtualurobis miuxedavad ver iqca realuri ganxilvis
sagnad, radganac ruseTis mier samxreT kavkasiaSi ori
“axali saxelmwifos” aRiarebis politikis gatarebam, eW-
vqveS daayena TurqeTis mier wamoyenebuli platformis
amosavali principi saxelmwifoTa teritoriuli mTlia-
nobis Sesaxeb da SeiZleba iTqvas regionuli usafrTxo-
ebis sakiTxebis irgvliv dialogi sam nawilad “daSala”:
saqarTvelo-ruseTs, somxeT-TurqeTsa da somxeT-azer-
baijans Soris;
saqarTvelo-ruseTs Soris dialogi “Jenevis for-
matSi” mimdinareobs, romelic umTavresad usafrTxoe-
bis (aseve humanitarul) sakiTxebs exeba.
masSi monawileobs saqarTvelos, ruseTis, aSS-is,
evrokavSiris, euTos, aseve, samxreT oseTisa da afxaze-
Tis warmomadgenlebi im subieqtebis dakonkretebis ga-
reSe, romelsac isini warmoadgenen. amgvari formati
2008 wlis noemberSi SeTanxmda, mas Semdeg, rac uTan-
xmoeba gamoiwvia diskusiebSi separatistuli regionebis
warmomadgenelTa statusis sakiTxma.
miuxedavad imisa, rom molaparakebebi ukve TiTqmis
ori welia mimdinareobs, mas mniSvnelovani Sedegebi jer
ar mohyolia;

86
 “Jenevis formatSi“ molaparakebaTa TerTmeti ra-
undi gaimarTa da erTaderTi konkretuli Sedegi, rac
dRemde miRweulia, iyo 2009 wlis 18 Tebervlis gadaw-
yvetileba,Seqmniliyo samxreT oseTTan da afxazeTTan
mimarTebaSi cal-calke “incidentebis prevenciisa da
maTze reagirebis meqanizmi”, rac niSnavs adgilobriv aq-
torebTan regularuli Sexvedrebis formatSi mSvidobi-
sa da usafrTxoebis dacvis sakiTxebze diskusias. anu,
mxareebi SeTanxmdnen daZabulobis kerebSi erTobliv vi-
zitebze. evropis berZnuli Tavmjdomareobis specia-
lurma warmomadgenelma xarlampos xristepolusma es
SeTanxmeba Seafasa rogorc “mniSvnelovani win gadad-
gmuli nabiji”; gaeros generaluri mdivnis specialurma
warmomadgenelma iohan verbekem ki rogorc “pirveli
mniSvnelovani SeTanxmeba” [23].
`Jenevis formatSi~ molaparakebebi mimdinareobs
aseve humanitarul sakiTxebze, romlis farglebSic ga-
nixileba yovlismomcveli gegma devnilTa Rirseuli
dabrunebisa da adgilze maTTvis cxovrebisaTvis norma-
luri pirobebis Seqmnis Sesaxeb.
TurqeTi axali “kavkasiuri aliansis” SeqmnasTan er-
Tad, cdilobs urTierTobebis daregulirebas somxeT-
Tan; Sveicariis SuamavlobiT ankaras dawyebuli aqvs di-
alogi erevanTan, TanamSromlobasa da sazRvris gaxsna-
ze. 2009 wlis 24 aprils SeTanxmebuli ,,sagzao ruka”
warmoadgens ori qveynis samoqmedo gegmis monaxazs [20],
10 oqtombers ki xeli moewera protokolebs [21], magram
orive qveynis parlamenti ayovnebs mis ratificirebas.
unda iTqvas, rom am sakiTxis daregulireba mniSvnelo-
vani regionuli movlena iqneba. man SesaZloa gavlena
iqonios samxreT kavkasiis respublikebis sagareo poli-
tikuri orientirebis Secvlaze.
moskovSi ganacxades, rom miesalmebian nebismier na-
bijs, romelic regionSi urTierTobebis normalizaci-

87
iskenaa mimarTuli da xazi gausves, rom es pirvel rigSi
TurqeTisa da somxeTis mTavrobebs Soris SesaTanxmebe-
li sakiTxia. marTalia ruseTi irgebs somxur-Turquli
urTierTobebis damregulireblis rols, magram, Tur-
qeT-somxeTis urTierTobebis sakiTxs aqvs meore mxare:
somxeT-TurqeTis sazRvris gaxsna gamoiwvevs somxeTis
daaxloebas dasavleTTan da nato-sTan; nato-sTan daax-
loebam ki SesaZloa kiTxvis niSnis qveS daayenos som-
xeTSi ruseTis samxedro bazis arsebobis saWiroeba. es-
ruseTisTvis niSnavs gavlenis dakargvas strategiul
mokavSireze, rac aranairad ar Seesabameba kremlis geg-
mebs.
urTierTobebis normalizacias mxars uWers aSS. ma-
Ti poziciiT es unda moxdes yovelgvari winapirobebis
gareSe da mouwodeben orive qveyanas Sesabamisad imoqme-
don, raTa maTi mTavrobebis muSaobam xeli Seuwyos re-
gionSi mSvidobis, usafrTxoebisa da stabilurobis dam-
yarebas.
gavlenianma Jurnalma “Экономист”-ma statiac ki mi-
uZRvna am Tematikas, romelSic aRiniSna, rom TurqeTsa
da somxeTs SeuZliaT ufro konstruqciuli roli iTam-
aSon kavkasiaSi, vidre iTamaSa ruseTma [22].
jer kidev 2009 wlis 8 dekembers, aSS-Si vizitisas,
TurqeTis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma davidoRlum Tur-
qul-xomxuri urTierTobebi mWidrod daukavSira yara-
baRis problemas da aRniSna: “mTiani-yarabaRis proble-
mis gareSe SeuZlebelia xangrZlivi mSvidobis damyareba
regionSi” [23]; anu, somxeT-TurqeTisa da somxeT-azerba-
ijanis urTierTobebi mWidrod daukavSirda yarabaRis
sakiTxs; ormxrivi molaparakebebi faqtobrivad CixSia
Sesuli. regionuli TanamSromlobis arc Tu warmatebu-
li TanamSromlobis perspeqtivebi axali gamowvevebis
safrTxis winaSea;

88
 TurqeTis iniciativa saqarTvelos, iseve rogorc
regionis sxva qveynebis teritoriuli mTlianobisa da
suverenitetisadmi pativiscemas emyareboda. magram,
2008 wlis 26 agvistos afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis
damoukideblobis aRiarebiT TurqeTis regionuli
usafrTxoebis platformas yvelaze didi dartyma ru-
seTma miayena; rogorc moskovSi amboben ,,saqme gvaqvs
sruliad sxva kavkasiasTan. regionSi ukve arsebobs xuTi
saxelmwifo, oTx maTganTan Cven gvaqvs diplomatiuri
urTierToba, saqarTvelosTan ki es droebiT SeCerebu-
lia” [9]. 
amdenad, ruseTSi gansxvavebulad esmiT samxreT
kavkasiis regionis usafrTxoebis sakiTxi; da Turquli
sagareo uwyebis Zalzed aqtiuri muSaobis miuxedavad,
regionuli usafrTxoebis nebismieri modeli ararelu-
ri iqneba, masSi iseTi gavleniani aqtorebi gamoricxvis
gamo, rogorebic arian aSS da SedarebiT gavleniani sa-
erTaSoriso organizaciebi da demokratiuli institu-
tebi, maT Soris evrokavSiri da euTo. amasTan, vfiq-
robT, Zalzed mniSvnelovania regionis didi saxelmwi-
foebis realuri politikuri neba konfliqtebis mogva-
rebis procesSi.
 
Abstract 
Maia manchkhashvili­PhD Student of the Faculty of Social
and Political Sciences of TSU.
 
The Issue of Regional Security of South-Caucasus after the 2008
August War

The system of power balance that existed in the South-

Caucasus before the August 2008 was entirely changed by the war
between Russia and Georgia. The Russian aggression has abolished

89
the status-quo followed by the sides. In light of the regional security
new challenges such as the occupation of the two regions of Georgia
and granting them the status of “independent states” as well as the
perspectives like the Turkish-Armenian “football diplomacy” has
occurred. The previous models of regional security are
comparatively obsolete nowadays and are in need to be replaced by
the new, more flexible, and region-oriented model. The finding and
enforcing of such a model will need cooperation of sides.
Turkey was the only country, which has proposed the project
of regional security after the 2008 August War. The project is known
as “The Caucasus Security Platform”.
Despite its relevance, “The Caucasus Security Platform” could
not come up as the main discussion topic, as it did not encompass the
participation of the USA, the EU and Iran. The declaration of the
independence of two regions of Georgia by Russia has challenged
the principle of the territorial integrity of the state – which is the
cornerstone of the proposal.

gamoyenebulidacitirebuliliteratura:

1. Американцы ущемлены несогласованной активностью Тур-

ции на Кавказе и диалогом между Анкарой и Москвой.
www.regnum.ru/news/ 30.09.2008
2.Stuck in a tight spot, Ankara calls for Caucasus pact. www.
Today’sZaman. 12.08.2008.
3.Сергей Лавров расказал об Армении,Азербайджане,Турции и
США. www.regnum.ru. /news/ 7.10.2008
4. .... iqve
5. Анкара стремится уменьшить свою вину перед Москвой за
вооружение Тбилиси: АРФД. www.regnum.ru. /news/
5.09.2008
6. Виген Акопян: Война в Южной Осетии и новые перспективы
армяно-турецких отношений.
www.regnum.ru./news/6.09.2008

90
7. “Коммерсант”: Медведев может заменить Минскую группу в
переговорах Армении и Азербайджана. www.regnum.ru.
/news/ 8.09.2008
8 . .... iqve
9. Россия не желает вмешательства третьих стран в процессы на
Кавказе: мнение. www.regnum.ru/news/24.10/2008.
10. Erdogan backs Georgian sovereignty, Caucasus platporm. www.
Today’sZaman. 15.08.2008.
11. Иран вышел из тени: безопасност на Кавказе между Турцией
и Ираном.www.regnum.ru. /news/ 17.09.2008
12. .... iqve
13. Американцы..
14. TurqeTisprezidenti: saqarTveloskrizisisSemde-
gaSS-mZalauflebaundagadaanawilos. www.civil.ge. 18
agvisto, 2008.
15. Ankara ‘s Caucasus initiative to gain impetus this week.
Today’sZaman. 19.08.2008
16. МИД Турции в Москве: уравнение с десятью
неизвестнйми.www.regnum.ru. /news/01.07.2009
17. Tamar ivaniZe, zamTris moaxloeba energoTemebis mi-
marT interess amZafrebs; 24 saaTi 11.11.09
18. Стапислав Тарасов: Турция вводит Иран в “кавказское
уравнение”, www.regnum.ru/news/09.11.2009 
19. US President Obama reaffirms support for Turkey’s regional
role. www.Today’ Zaman.09.12.2009.
20. Армяно-турецкая "дорожная карта" - трагическая ошибка
властей Армении: эксперт.
www.regnum.ru/news/23.04.2009.
21. Посредники по карабахскому урегулированию едут на
подписание армяно-турецких протоколов.
www.regnum.ru/news/09.04/2009.
22. Турция и Армения могли бы играть более конструктивную
роль на Кавказе чем когда-либо Россия. Мнение.
www.regnum.ru/news/19.10.2008.
23. Jeneva, erTi wlis Semdeg: rogori mSvidoba saqar-
TvelosTvis? www.civil.ge, 15 ოქტomberi, 2009.

91
 emociuri inteleqtis, rogorc pirovnuli
niSnis, sakvlevi kiTxvaris
adaptacia qarTul populaciaze

xaTuna marwyviSvili
socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa
fakultetis, fsiqologiis mimarTuleba,
asistent-profesori.

emociuri inteleqti SedarebiT axal konstruqts

warmoadgens mecnierebaSi da am konceptTan dakavSire-
buli kvlevebic bolo aTwleulis damsaxurebaa. arse-
bobs sami ZiriTadi modeli (Emmerling, Shanwal & Mandal
2008), romelic emociuri inteleqtis cnebis qveS gan-
sxvavebul Sinaarss moiazrebs. es modelebia emociuri
inteleqti, rogorc unari (J. D. Mayer & P. Salovey, 1997),
rogorc kompetencia (Goleman, D. 1998). da rogorc pi-
rovnuli niSani (Bar-On, 2006, Petrides & Furnham, 2000).
emociuri inteleqtis, rogorc pirovnuli niSnis avto-
rebi (Petrides & Furnham, 2000) emociur inteleqts gani-
xilaven, rogorc `emociebTan dakavSirebul TviT-per-
cepciebis erTobliobas, romelic pirovnuli ierarqiis
qveda doneze mdebareobs~ (Petrides, Furnham, & Mavroveli,
2007, Petrides, Pita, Kokkinaki, 2007). konstruqtis alterna-
tiul saxelwodebad avtorebi gvTavazoben termins:
`emociuri TviT-efeqturoba, rogorc pirovnuli niSa-
ni~. konstruqtis amgvari konceptualizacia emociuri
inteleqtis cnebas mTlianad acilebs kognituri unare-
bis taqsonomiis farglebs (Petrides, Pérez-González, &
Furnham, 2007) da xazs usvams qceviT dispoziciebs da
unarebis TviT-aRqmas, romelic TviT-angariSis tipis
kiTxvariT izomeba, gansxvavebiT emociuri inteleqtis,

92
rogorc unaris modelisgan, romlis Sesafasebeli in-
strumenti Sesrulebaze dafuZnebul tests warmoadgens
(iseve, rogorc es kognituri inteleqtis SemTxvevaSia).
Sesabamisad, emociuri inteleqtis, rogorc pirovnuli
niSnis sakvlevi kiTxvari warmoadgens 153 debulebian
TviT-angariSis kiTxvars (Petrides, 2009b), romelic saSua-
lebas iZleva Sefasdes emociuri inteleqtis 15 calkeu-
li aspeqti, 4 ZiriTadi faqtori da emociuri inteleq-
tis globaluri qula:

kiTxvaris skalebi da ZiriTadi faqtorebi

skalebi
emociebis gamoxatva. . . . . emociebis gamoxatva da
,,emociuri” komunikacia
empaTia. . . . . sxva adamianis Tvalsazrisis gaTva-
liswineba, ,,sxvis tyavSi SeZvroma”
motivacia. . . . . mizanmimarTuli Sroma miuxedavad
araxelsayrel garemo pirobebisa
emociebis regulacia . . . . . emociebis kontroli
bedniereba. . . . . amJamindeli cxovrebiT kmayofi-
leba da bedniereba
socialuri cnobiereba. . . . . socialuri urTier-
Tobebis unari
impulsuroba (dabali). . . . . spontanuroba da cdu-
nebebis ayola
emociebis aRqma. . . . . sakuTari da sxva adamianebis
emociebis codna/gageba
TviT-Sefaseba. . . . . warmatebuloba da sakuTar
TavSi darwmunebuloba
asertuloba. . . . . pirdapiroba da sakuTari ufle-
bebis, mosazrebebis dacva
emociebis marTva. . . . . adamianTa grZnobebze gav-
lenis moxdena

93
 optimizmi. . . . . momavlis naTel ferebSi xedva
soc.urTierTobebi. . . . . piradi, axlo urTierTo-
bebi megobrebTan ojaxis wverebTan, naTesavebTan
adaptacia. . . . . axal garemo pirobebTan Segueba
da morgeba
stresis marTva. . . . . stresis marTva da stresTan
gamklaveba

faqtorebi
kargad yofna. . . . . kargad yofnis generalizebuli
gancda, cxovrebiT kmayofileba da bednierebis gancda
TviT-kontroli. . . . . cdunebebis da survilebis
kontroli, garemos zewolasa da stresTan gamklaveba
emociuroba. . . . . mravalferovani emociuri unare-
bis floba. sakuTari da sxvisi emociebis aRqma, gamo-
xatva da axlo urTierTobebis damyarebis unari
socialuroba. . . . . socialuri urTierTobebis da
socialuri gavlenebis unari

winamdebare kvlevis mizans warmoadgens emociuri

inteleqtis, rogorc pirovnuli niSnis sakvlevi kiTxva-
ris (TEIQue) adaptacia qarTul populaciaze. testis sa-
erTaSoriso rekomendaciis (guideline) Tanaxmad
(Hambleton, 2001)kiTxvaris adaptaciis procesi moicavda
ramodenime etaps: (1) pirvel etapze kiTxvaris qarTuli
versiis Sesaqmnelad momzadda sami urTierTdamoukide-
beli Targmani. kiTxvaris originaluri versia iTargmna
eqspertebis mier. damoukidebeli Targmanebis Sejerebi-
sa da TiToeuli Targmnili debulebis Sedarebis Sede-
gad Seiqmna kiTxvaris pirveli qarTuli versia; (2) pir-
veli qarTuli versiis Sesabamisoba originalur versi-
asTan gadamowmda avtoris _ k. v. petridesis mier, sapi-
rispiro Targmanis saSualebiT. avtoris SeniSvnebis

94
Semdeg kiTxvaris 17 debuleba Seicvala; (3) piloturi
kvlevis dawyebamde Sinaarsobrivi validobis Sesamowmeb-
lad, kiTxvaris 153 debuleba Sefasda 7 eqspertis (fsi-
qologebis an fsiqologiis mimarTulebis profesor-
maswavlebelTa) mier. eqspertebi debulebebs afasebdnen
3 balian likertis tipis skalaze ramdenad Seesabamebo-
da/relevanturi iyo/ debulebebi skalas. debulebebi,
romlebic eqspertebis Sefasebis didi gafantulobiT
gamoirCeoda, kidev erTxel gadamuSavda; (4) piloturi
kvlevis (111 monawile) Sedegad kiTxvaris 47 debuleba,
romelic mniSvnelovnad amcirebda sandoobis dones, Se-
icvala da gadamuSavda; (5) Semdeg etaptze Catarda gan-
meorebiTi piloturi kvleva, romelSic ukve monawileo-
bas iRebda 115 monawile. 17 debulebis modificirebis
Sedegad SemuSavda kiTxvaris saboloo versia; (6) enob-
rivi gamarTulobis uzrunvelsayofad kiTxvaris sabo-
loo versia Seaswora qarTuli enis filologma.

kvlevis monawileebi
kiTxvaris administrirebaSi monawileoba miiRo 922
individma. SerCevis aRwera:
¾ kvlevis monawileTa sqesi _ kvlevaSi monawileob-
da 267 (28.95%) mamrobiTi da 655 (71.05%) mdedrobiTi
sqesis warmomadgeneli;
¾ asaki _ kvlevis monawileTa asaki varirebda 17-
dan 70 wlamde (M=25.22, SD=11.47)
¾ ganaTleba _ monawileTa umravlesobas (70.6%)
studentebi warmoadgendnen, Tumca maT Soris iyvnen,
rogorc dawyebiTi ganaTlebis mqone pirebi (2%,), aseve,
saSualo ganaTlebis (9.3%), arasruli saSualo (0.9%) da
umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone pirebi (17.2%).

95
 ¾ ojaxuri mdgomareoba _ monawileTa umravleso-
ba (75.8%) dasaojaxebelia, 18.4% _ daojaxebuli, 2.5% _
ganqorwinebuli, 1.4% _ qvrivi, 1.9% _ ucnobia.
¾ dasaqmebis sfero _ kvlevis monawileTa 9.4%
dasaqmebulia kerZo organizaciaSi, 2.5% _ saxelmwifo
seqtorSi, 0.2% _ jarSi, 1.0% _ akademiur sferoSi, 1.1%
_ TviTdasaqmebulia, 19.6% _ umuSevaria, xolo 61.1% _
studenti da amavdroulad umuSevaria, 5.1% ucnobia.
¾ sacxovrebeli adgili _ monawileTa 50% aris
didi qalaqis macxovrebeli, 19.3% patara qalaqis, xolo
28.5% aris soflis macxovrebeli, 2.2% _ ucnobia.

procedura
kiTxvaris saboloo versiis miRebis Semdeg kiTxva-
ris SevsebaSi monawileoba miiRo 922-ma monawilem. kiT-
xvaris Sevseba ZiriTadad, xdeboda jgufSi, iSviaTad,
individualuradac. kvlevis monawileebi kiTxvaris pa-
suxebis furcels avsebdnen standartuli zepiri in-
struqciis Semdeg, romelSic miwodebuli iyo mokle in-
formacia kvlevis miznisa da kiTxvaris Sesaxeb da miTi-
Tebebi kiTxvaris SevsebasTan dakavSirebiT. kiTxvaris
Sevsebis instruqcia, aseve, mocemuli iyo kiTxvaris da-
sawyisSic.

monacemTa fsiqometruli analizis meTodebi da

Sedegebis aRwera

1. faqtoruli analizi - ZiriTadi RerZebis faqtoru-

li meTodi
emociuri inteleqtis, rogorc pirovnuli niSnis
sakvlevi 153 debulebiani kiTxvaris faqtoruli anali-
zi ar aris ganxorcielebuli debulebebis doneze da mi-
si struqtura aris 15-4-1 da ara 153-15-4-1 (Petrides,

96
2009a), radgan avtori iziarebs bernSteinis da tengis
mosazrebas (Bernstein, I. H., & Teng, 1989), romlis Tanaxma-
dac, faqtoruli analizi debulebebis doneze proble-
muria da ar aris sando, gansakuTrebiT, maSin rodesac
ganawileba ar aris normaluri. 15 skala qmnis emociuri
inteleqtis calkeul sferoebs da SeuZlebelia inter-
pretirebuli iyos, rogorc faqtorebi statistikuri
mniSvnelobiT, magram rogorc konceptualuri nakrebi
qmnis emociuri inteleqtis analizis qveda dones. Sesa-
bamisad, 15 skalis safuZvlad mdebare faqtorebis gamo-
yofis mizniT gamoviyeneT ZiriTadi RerZebis faqtoru-
li analizi (Principle Axis Analysis).
ZiriTadi RerZebis faqtoruli analizis Sedegad,
kaizeris kriteriumisa da daxrilobis mrudis safuZ-
velze, promaqsis algoriTmuli brunviT (kappa paramet-
riT 4) gamoikveTa 4 ZiriTadi faqtori (pirveli eqvsi
faqtoris sakuTari mniSvneloba udrida: 5.34, 1.62, 1.24,
1.16, 0.90, 0.60).
4 ZiriTadi faqtori xsnis cvladebis dispersiis
sakmaod mniSvnelovan wils. kerZod, monacemTa variabi-
lobis 49.88 procents. yvela skala warmodgenilia emo-
ciuri inteleqtis faqtorul sivrceze saSualo maCve-
nebliT (communality) 0.51.
yvelaze ukeT warmodgenili skalebia bedniereba (h2
= .70), optimizmi (h2 = .69), stresis marTva (h2 = .68), socia-
luri cnobiereba (h2 = .64) da yvelaze cudad warmodge-
nili skalebia empaTia (h2 = .30), adaptaciis skala (h2 =
.32) da emociebis aRqma (h2 = .42).

97
 cxrili # 1. emociuri inteleqtis 15 skalis
faqtoruli sturuqtura
TviT- kar-
emociuro-
socialuroba kontro- gad-
ba
li yofna

asertuloba
.837
emociebis marTva
.648
soc. cnobiereba
.565
TviT-Sefaseba
.444
urTierTobebi (na-
.623
TesavebTan)
empaTia
.616
emociebis aRqma
. .530
motivacia
.499 322
impulsuroba
.480 .424
emociebis gamo-
. .458
xatva
stresis marTva
.805
emociebis regula-
.715
cia
adaptacia
.300
optimizmi
.834
bedniereba
.829
faqtorebis gamoyofis meTodi: ZiriTadi RerZebis faqtoruli
analizi.
brunvis meTodi: promaqsi, kaizeris kriteriumiT
brunvebis raodenoba _ 8
emociuri inteleqtis, rogorc pirovnuli niSnis
sakvlevi kiTxvaris qarTuli versia imeorebs britanuli

98
versiisTvis damaxasiaTebel 4 faqtorian struqturas
(kargad-yofna, TviT-kontroli, emociuroba, sociabilo-
ba), Tumca, mcireodeni cvlilebebiT. (cxrili #1) cal-
keuli skalebis ZiriTad faqtorebze datvirTva faq-
tobrivad igivea, rogorc es britanuli versiis SemTxve-
vaSia (Petrides, 2009a), gamonakliss warmoadgens Semdegi
skalebi: motivaciia (romelic qarTul versiaSi muSaobs
faqtorze _ emociuroba, xolo britanuli versiis Sem-
TxvevaSi _ TviT-kontrolis faqtorze) da impulsuroba
(romelic qarTulo versiisTvis muSaobs faqtorze _
emociuroba, xolo britanuli versiis SemTxvevaSi _
TviT-kontrolis faqtorze), Tumca, am or skalas aqvs
meoradi datvirTva TviT-kontrolis skalazec.1 rogorc
cxrilSi warmodgenili Sedegebidan Cans, skalebis dat-
virTva gamoyofil oTx faqtorze sakmaod maRalia:

socialuroba (Sociability) _ am faqtorze yvelaze
maRali datvirTva aqvs asertulobis skalas, Semdeg ska-
lebs _ emociebis marTva da socialuri cnobiereba, xo-
lo yvelaze naklebi datvirTva am faqtorze aqvs skalas
_ TviT-Sefasebas, asevea, britanuli originaluri.

emociuroba (Emotionality) - am faqtorze yvelaze
maRali datvirTva aqvs skalas _ socialuri urTierTo-
bebi (naTesavebTan da axloblebTan), Semdeg skalas _ em-
paTia da emociebis aRqma, asevea, britanuli versiis Sem-
TxvevaSic. rac Seexeba skalebs _ impulsuroba da moti-
vacia qarTuli monacemebiT es ori skala itvirTeba
faqtorze _ emociuroba, maSin roca es orive skala in-
glisur versiaSi TviT-kontrolis faqtorze muSaobs.

1
aRsaniSnavia, rom emociuri inteleqtis sakvlevi kiTxvaris
qulebis daTvlisas ori skalis _ motivaciis da adaptaciis
qulebi ar iTvleba arc erT ZiriTad faqtorze, Tumca, am
ori skalis monacemi emateba emociuri inteleqtis globalu-
ri qulis maCvenebels.

99
yvelaze dabali datvirTva am faqtorze aqvs skalas _
emociebis gamoxatva, iseve, rogorc es inglisur popu-
laciaze standartizaciis monacemebis mixedviTaa.
¾ TviT-kontroli (Self-control) _ am faqtorze yve-
laze maRali datvirTva aqvs skalas _ stresis marTva,
Semdeg _ emociebis regulacia, xolo yvelaze naklebi
datvirTva aqvs adaptaciis skalas. aRsaniSnavia, rom mo-
tivaciis da impulsurobis skalas aqvs meoradi datvir-
Tva am faqtorzec, maSin roca inglisur populaciaze
standartizaciis mixedviT es ori skala mxolod TviT-
kontrolis faqtorze itvirTeba.
¾ kargad-yofna (Well-being) - am faqtorze qarTul
populaciaze standartizaciis monacemebis mixedviT
mxolod ori skala itvirTeba, esaa: optimizmi da bedni-
ereba, iseve, rogorc es inglisur enovan populaciaze
standartizaciis monacemebis mixedviTaa, Tumca, mesame
skala _ TviT-Sefaseba, romelsac inglisurenovani ver-
siis SemTxvevaSi aqvs meoradi datvirTva faqtorze _
kargad yofna, qarTul populaciaze standartizaciis
monacemebis mixedviT, itvirTeba mxolod faqtorze _
socialuroba.

2. ZiriTad faqtorebsa da skalebs Soris korelaciebi

emociuri inteleqtis ZiriTad faqtorebs Soris

korelaciebis gamoTvlis Sedegad (cxrili N2) (pirsonis
r korelaciis koeficienti)1 (Pallant, J. 2003) aRmoCnda, Zi-
riTadi faqtorebi erTamaneTTan korelaciaSia.

                                                            
1 r =.10-dan r =.29-mde an r =-.10-dan r =-.29-mde _ cladebs Soris

susti (dadebiTi/uaryofiTi) korelacia;

r = .30-dan r = .49-mde an r =-.30-dan r =-.49-mde _ cladebs Soris
saSualo zomieri siZlieris korelacia

100
 cxrili # 2. emociuri inteleqtis ZiriTad
faqtorebs Soris korelaciebi
TviT-kon- socialu-
kargadyofna emociuroba
troli roba

kargad-yofna
-
TviT-kon-
troli .375 ** -

emociuroba
.527 ** .381 ** -
socialuroba
.519 ** .297 ** .499 ** -

** p ≤ .01; * p ≤ .05

3. sandooba

sandoobis Semowmebis yvelaze gavrcelebul sazoms

warmoadgens kronbaxis alfa (Peterson, 1994), romelic
warmoadgens imis maCvenebels, Tu ramdenad efeqturad
zomavs instrumenti erT mTlian konstruqts. cxrilSi
N3 mocemulia sandoobis mniSvnelobebi emociuri inte-
leqtis 15 skalis, 4 ZiriTadi faqtoris da emociuri
inteleqtis globaluri maCveneblisaTvis.

                                                                                                                              
r =.50-dan r = 1.0-mde an r = - 50 dan r = -1.0_ mde _ cladebs So-
ris Zlieri korelacia;

101
 cxrili # 3. aRweriTi statistika da Sinagani konsisten-
tobis maCveneblebi
No. of
M SD Cronbach’s a Skewness Kurtosis
items
adaptacia
4.45 0.93 .68 9 -.294 .240
asertiuloba
4.49 0.94 .62 9 -.091 .012
emociebis gamoxatva
4.55 1.19 .81 10 -.120 -.509
emociebis marTva
4.92 0.92 .67 9 -.067 -.297
emociebis aRqma
4.81 0.95 .74 10 -.227 -.131
emociebis regulire-
4.32 0.90 .72 12 -.008 -.229
ba
implusuroba (daba-
4.54 0.93 .63 9 -.168 -.146
li)
urTierTobebi (naTe-
savebTan) 5.31 0.80 .60 9 -.278 -.147
TviT-Sefaseba
5.04 0.84 .71 11 -.293 .006
motivacia
4.85 0.88 .66 10 -.133 -.241
socialuri cnobiere-
ba 4.90 0.84 .70 11 -.215 .009
stresis marTva
4.40 0.91 .64 10 -.101 -.252
empaTia
5.16 0.86 .64 9 -.284 -.087
bedniereba
5.06 1.03 .77 8 -.505 .122
optimizmi
5.09 1.06 .77 8 -.487 .115

emociuroba
4.95 0.69 .69 4 სკალა -.079 -.125
kargad-yofna
5.06 0.80 .82 3 სკალა -.427 411
socialuroba
4.77 0.72 .78 3 სკალა .037 -.193
TviT-kontroli
4.42 0.72 .71 3 სკალა .114 -.111

emociuri inteleqti
15
4.7 0.55 .87 .077 .113
სკალა

**
p ≤ .01; * p ≤ .05

102
 4. emociuri inteleqtis globaluri maCveneblis,
calkeuli skalebis da ZiriTadi faqtorebis
qulebis ganawileba

emociuri inteleqtis globaluri maCveneblis six-

Sireebi Seesabameba normaluri ganawilebis models
(KS(922) = .20, ps = .20) rac Seexeba oTx ZiriTad faqtors
_ emociurobis (KS(922) = .20, ps = .20), TviT-kontrolis
(KS = .20, ps = .20) kargad yofnis (KS(922)= .20, ps = .05) da
socialurobis (KS(922) = .20, ps = .20) faqtorebis qulaTa
sixSireebis ganawileba Seesabameba normaluri ganawile-
bis models.

suraTi 1 emociuri inteleqtis globaluri maCveneblis

da ZiriTadi faqtorebis qulebis sixSireTa ganawileba

103
104
105
 5. sqesTa Sorisi gansxvaveba emociuri inteleqtis
qulebis ganawilebis mixedviT

Sedegebi ar aCvenebs sqesTa Soris statistikurad

sando gansxvavebas emociuri inteleqtis globaluri
maCveneblis mixedviT, Tumca, ZiriTadi faqtorebisas-
Tvis (emociurobis faqtoris garda) sqesTa Sorisi gan-
sxvaveba statistikurad sando aRmoCnda (suraTi N2),
kerZod:
¾ kargad yofnis faqtoris maCveneblebi ufro ma-
Ralia qalebTan (M = 5.13, SD = 0.81), vidre mamakacebTan
(M = 4.91, SD = 0.78), t(914) = -3.83, p< .0001 );
¾ TviT-kontrolis maCveneblebi ufro maRalia ma-
makacebTan (M = 4.56, SD = 0.71), vidre qalebTan (M = 4.37,
SD = 0.72), t(914) = -3.83, p< .0001 );
¾ socialurobis maCvenebeli ufro maRalia mamaka-
cebTan (M = 4.87, SD = 0.70), vidre qalebTan (M = 4.73, SD =
0.73), t(914) = -3.83, p< .0001);

suraTiN2 sqesTa Sorisi gansxvavebi emociuri

inteleqtis faqtorisaTvis

106
 statistikurad sando aRmoCnda calkeuli skalebis
mixedviT sqesTa Sorisi gansxvavebebic. kerZod:
¾ optimizmis skalis maCvenebeli ufro maRalia qa-
lebTan (M = 5.19, SD = 1.05), vidre mamakacebTan (M = 4.85,
SD = 1.05), t(914) = -4.45, p< .0001 );
¾ empatiis skalis maCvenebeli ufro maRalia qaleb-
Tan (M = 5.23 SD = 0.86), vidre mamakacebTan (M = 4.96, SD =
0.81 ), t(914) = - 4.38, p< .0001 );
¾ bednierebis skalis maCvenebeli ufro maRalia qa-
lebTan (M = 5.15, SD = 1.04), vidre mamakacebTan (M = 4.84,
SD = 0.98), t(914) = -4.09, p< .0001 );
¾ axlo socialuri urTierTobebis (naTesavebTan)
skalis maCvenebeli ufro maRalia qalebTan (M = 5.35, SD
= 0.80), vidre mamakacebTan (M = 5.21, SD = 0.80), t(914) = -
2.33, p< .05 );
¾ asertulobis skalis maCvenebeli ufro maRalia
mamakacebTan (M = 4.71, SD = 0.86), vidre qalebTan (M =4.40,
SD = 0.95), t(914) = 4.45, p< .0001);
¾ stresis marTvis skalis maCvenebeli ufro maRa-
lia mamakacebTan(M = 4.63, SD = 0.86), vidre qalebTan (M =
4.32, SD = 0.91), t(914) = 4.79, p < .0001 );
¾ emociebis regulaciis skalis maCvenebeli ufro
maRalia mamakacebTan (M = 4.52 SD = 0.83), vidre qalebTan
(M = 4.25, SD = 0.91, t(914) = 4.23, p < .0001 );
cxrilSi N4 warmodgenilia sqesis mixedviT aRweri-
Ti statistikis da Sinagani konsistentobis maCveneblebi
emociuri inteleqtis 15 calkeuli skalis, 4 ZiriTadi
faqtoris da emociuri inteleqtis globaluri maCve-
neblisaTvis

107
 cxrili # 4. aRweriTi statistika da Sinagani konsisten-
tobis maCveneblebi calkeuli aspeqtebisTvis sqesTa So-
risi gansxvavebebis mixedviT
qalebi(n = 655) kacebi(n = 267)

M SD M SD t

adaptacia 4.45 0.93 .68 4.48 0.93 .69 0.46

asertiuloba 4.40 0.95 .63 4.71 0.86 .60 4.45

emociebis gamoxatva 4.55 1.23 .82 4.58 1.06 .78 0.41

emociebis marTva 4.92 0.93 .67 4.95 0.91 .67 0.39

emociebis aRqma 4.81 0.97 .74 4.82 0.92 .74 0.13

emociebis regulireba 4.25 0.91 .72 4.52 0.83 .67 4.23

implusuroba (dabali) 4.55 0.92 .63 4.52 0.96 .66 -0.37

soc. urTierTobebi 5.35 0.80 .60 5.21 0.80 .60 -2.33

TviT-Sefaseba 5.05 0.85 .71 5.03 0.84 .72 0.40

motivacia 4.84 0.89 .67 4.89 0.84 .64 0.80

socialuri cnobiereba 4.88 0.85 .71 4.97 0.81 .69 1.38

stresis marTva 4.32 0.91 .64 4.63 0.86 .61 4.79

empaTia 5.23 0.86 .65 4.96 0.81 .61 -4.38

bedniereba 5.15 1.04 .78 4.84 0.98 .72 -4.09

optimizmi 5.19 1.05 .77 4.85 1.05 .75 -4.45**

kargad-yofna 5.13 0.81 .76 4.91 0.78 .75 -3.83

TviT-kontroli 4.37 0.72 .69 4.56 0.70 .71 3.59

emociuroba 4.98 0.71 .70 4.89 0.65 .69 -1.80

socialuroba 4.73 0.73 .72 4.87 0.70 .74 2.61*

emociuri inteleqtis
globaluri maCvenebeli 4.80 0.55 .86 4.80 0.55 .88 0.04

**
p ≤ .01; * p ≤ .05

108
 6. asakobrivi jgufebis Sedareba

kvlevis monawileebi asakis mixedviT davyaviT 4 asa-

kobriv jgufad: I jgufi 17 wlidan 25 wlamde; II jgufi
_ 26 wlidan 35 wlamde; III jgufi _ 36 wlidan 45 wlam-
de; IV jgufi _ 46 wlidan zeviT. gansxvaveba emociuri
inteleqtis globaluri qulis mixedviT sxvadasxva asa-
kobriv jgufebSi statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda.
Tumca, calkeuli skalebis da ZiriTadi faqtorebis mi-
xedviT asakobriv jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa (ix.
cxrili N5). kerZod, statistikurad sando aRmoCnda
gansxvaveba asakis mixedviT Semdegi skalebisTvis:
motivaciis skala _ calmxrivma dispersiulma ana-
lizma aCvena statistikurad sando gansxvaveba motiva-
ciis maCveneblis mixedviT asakobriv jgufebSi F (3, 886)
= 42.70, p< .001, Eta Squared=.1). kerZod, Post hoc Sedare-
ba(Tukey HSDtesti) mowmobs, rom I asakobriv jgufs (M =
4.68, SD =0.86) aqvs yvelaze dabali maCvenebeli meore (M
= 5.31, SD = 0.68), mesame (M = 5.43, SD = 0.67) da meoTxe asa-
kobriv jgufTan SedarebiT (M = 5.46, SD = 0.68)
bednierebisskala – calmxrivma dispersiulma ana-
lizma aCvena statistikurad sando gansxvaveba bedniere-
bis skalis maCveneblis mixedviT asakobriv jgufebSiF (3,
886) = 15.01, p< .001, Eta Squared = .04). kerZod, Post hoc Seda-
reba (Tukey HSDtesti) mowmobs, rom: (a) bednierebis ska-
lis maCvenebeli I asakobriv jgufSi (M = 5.16, SD = 1.04)
ufro maRalia, vidre II asakobriv (M = 5.07 SD =0.94) da IV
asakobriv jgufSi (M = 4.42, SD =0.91); (ბ) statistikurad
sandoa gansxvaveba II asakobrivi jgufsa (M = 5.07 SD =0.94)
da IV asakobrivi jgufs (M = 4.42, SD =0.91) Soris.
impulsuroba (dabali) _ calmxrivma dispersiulma
analizma aCvena statistikurad sando gansxvaveba im-

109
pulsurobis skalis maCveneblis mixedviT asakobriv
jgufebSi F (3, 886) = 7.99, p< .001, Eta Squared = .02). kerZod,
Post hoc Sedareba (Tukey HSDtesti) mowmobs, rom I asa-
kobriv jgufs (M = 4.46, SD = 0.94) ufro dabali maCvene-
beli aqvs am skalaze, vidre IV asakobriv jgufs (M =
4.84, SD = 0.90) da III asakobrivi jgufs (M = 4.89, SD = 0.76).
stresis marTva _ calmxrivma dispersiulma analiz-
ma aCvena statistikurad sando gansxvaveba stresis mar-
Tvis skalis maCveneblis mixedviT asakobriv jgufebSi
F(3, 886) = 6.88, p< .001, Eta Squared = .02). kerZod, Post hoc
Sedareba (Tukey HSD testi) mowmobs, rom I asakobriv
jgufs(M=4.34, SD=0.91) ufro dabali maCvenebeli aqvs am
skalaze, vidre II asakobriv (M=4.66, SD = 0.83) da IV asa-
kobriv jgufs (M = 4.71, SD = 0.84).
optimizmi _ calmxrivma dispersiulma analizma aC-
vena statistikurad sando gansxvaveba optimizmis ska-
lis maCveneblis mixedviT asakobriv jgufebSi F (3, 886) =
9.71, p< .001, Eta Squared = .03). kerZod, Post hoc Sedareba
(Tukey HSD testi) mowmobs, rom I asakobriv jgufs (M =
5.19, SD = 1.05) ufro maRali maCvenebeli aqvs am skalaze,
vidre III asakobriv (M = 4.74, SD = 0.93) da IV asakobriv
jgufs (M = 4.64, SD = 1.11).
urTierTobebi naTesavebTan _ calmxrivma disper-
siulma analizma aCvena statistikurad sando gansxvave-
ba optimizmis skalis maCveneblis mixedviT asakobriv
jgufebSi F (3, 886) = 4.90, p = .002, Eta Squared = .02). kerZod,
Post hoc Sedareba (Tukey HSDტესტი) mowmobs, rom I asa-
kobriv jgufs (M = 5.25, SD = 0.80) ufro dabali maCvene-
beli aqvs am skalaze, vidre II asakobriv jgufs (M = 5.51,
SD = 0.80).

110
 adaptacia _ calmxrivma dispersiulma analizma aC-
vena statistikurad sando gansxvaveba optimizmis ska-
lis maCveneblis mixedviT asakobriv jgufebSi F(3, 886) =
3.96, p = .008, Eta Squared = .01). kerZod, Post hoc Sedareba
(Tukey HSD testi) mowmobs, rom I asakobriv jgufs (M =
4.50, SD = 0.92) ufro maRali maCvenebeli aqvs am skalaze,
vidre IV asakobriv jgufs (M = 4.20, SD = 0.95).
asertuloba _ calmxrivma dispersiulma analizma
aCvena statistikurad sando gansxvaveba optimizmis ska-
lis maCveneblis mixedviT asakobriv jgufebSi F (3, 886) =
8.53, p< .001, Eta Squared = .03). kerZod, Post hoc Sedareba
(Tukey HSD testi) mowmobs, rom I asakobriv jgufs(M =
4.55, SD = 0.95) ufro maRali maCvenebeli aqvs am skalaze,
vidre III asakobriv (M = 4.17, SD = 0.86) da IV asakobriv
jgufs (M = 4.09, SD = 0.78). aseve, II asakobriv jgufs (M =
4.58, SD = 0.86) ufro maRali maCvenebeli aqvs am skalaze,
vidre III asakobriv (M = 4.17, SD = 0.86) da IV asakobriv
jgufs (M = 4.09, SD = 0.78).
statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda asakobrivi gan-
sxvaveba emociuri inteleqtis sxva skalebisTvis. xolo
ZiriTadi faqtorebisTvis statistikurad sando aRmoC-
nda gansxvaveba Semdeg asakobriv jgufebSi:
kargad yofna _ statistikurad sandoa gansxvaveba
am faqtoris maCveneblis mixedviT asakobriv jgufebSi
(F(3,886)=8.57, p<.001, Eta Squared=.03). kerZod, Post hoc Seda-
reba (Tukey HSD testi) mowmobs, rom I asakobriv jgufs
(M=5.12, SD=0.82) ufro maRali maCvenebeli aqvs am faq-
torze, vidre III asakobriv (M=4.84, SD=0.70) da IV asakob-
riv jgufs (M=4.68, SD=0.69); statistikurad sandoa ag-
reTve gansxvaveba meore asakobrivi (M=5.10, SD=0.76) da IV
asakobrivi jgufis maCveneblebs Soris (M=4.68, SD=0.69);

111
 TviT-kontroli _ calmxrivma dispersiulma ana-
lizma aCvena statistikurad sando gansxvaveba TviT-
kontrolis faqtoris maCveneblis mixedviT asakobriv
jgufebSi (F (3, 886) = 6.04, p < .001, Eta Squared = .02). ker-
Zod, Post hoc Sedareba mowmobs, rom I asakobriv jgufs
(M = 4.37, SD = 0.73) ufro dabali maCvenebeli aqvs am faq-
torze, vidre III asakobriv (M = 4.62, SD = 0.68) da IV asa-
kobriv jgufs (M = 4.65, SD = 0.66).
socialuroba _ statistikurad sandoa gansxvaveba
TviT-kontrolis faqtoris maCveneblis mixedviT asa-
kobriv jgufebSi (F (3, 886) = 7.53, p < .001, Eta Squared = .02).
kerZod, Post hoc Sedareba (Tukey HSD testi) mowmobs,
rom I asakobriv jgufs (M = 4.82, SD = 0.73) ufro maRali
maCvenebeli aqvs am faqtorze, vidre III asakobriv (M =
4.56, SD = 0.63) da IV asakobriv jgufs (M = 4.47, SD = 0.60).
asakobrivi gansxvaveba meoTxe ZiriTadi faqtorisTvis
(emociuroba) statistikurad sando ar aRmoCnda.

cxrili # 1. aRweriTi statistika emociuri inteleqtis

calkeuli aspeqtebisTvis sxvadasxva asakobrivi jgufis
mixedviT
I II III IV
(n=668) (n=73) (n=78) (n=71)

M SD M SD M SD SM SD F

TviT-Sefaseba
5.02 0.87 5.27 0.82 5.11 0.74 4.99 0.70 2.15

emociebis gamoxatva
4.52 1.25 4.74 1.04 4.69 0.94 4.58 0.86 1.17

motivacia
4.68 0.86 5.31 0.68 5.43 0.67 5.46 0.68 42.70 **

emociebis reguli-
4.31 0.91 4.36 0.78 4.40 0.96 4.42 0.87 0.52
reba

112
bedniereba
5.16 1.04 5.07 0.94 4.68 0.90 4.42 0.91 15.01 **

empaTia
5.15 0.88 5.13 0.83 5.20 0.77 5.17 0.75 0.09

socialuri cnobie-
4.86 0.86 5.05 0.82 5.05 0.71 5.02 0.78 2.65
reba
impulsuroba (daba-
4.46 0.94 4.59 0.91 4.89 0.76 4.84 0.90 7.99 **
li)
emociebis aRqma
4.80 0.97 4.84 0.92 4.91 0.90 4.79 0.88 0.36

stresis marTva
4.34 0.91 4.66 0.83 4.57 0.87 4.71 0.84 6.88 **

emociebis marTva
5.07 0.90 4.70 0.94 4.46 0.80 4.31 0.75 25.72

optimizmi
5.19 1.05 4.98 1.00 4.74 0.93 4.64 1.11 9.71 **

urTierTobebi (na-
TesavebTan) 5.26 0.80 5.51 0.80 5.48 0.73 5.49 0.85 4.90 **

adaptacia *
4.51 0.92 4.54 0.81 4.24 1.03 4.21 0.95 3.96

asertuloba
4.55 0.96 4.59 0.86 4.17 0.86 4.09 0.78 8.53 **

kargad-yofna
5.12 0.82 5.10 0.76 4.84 0.70 4.68 0.69 8.57 **

TviT-kontroli
4.37 0.73 4.54 0.61 4.62 0.68 4.65 0.66 6.40 **

emociuroba
4.93 0.71 5.05 0.68 5.07 0.63 5.01 0.59 1.61

socialuroba
4.82 0.73 4.78 0.74 4.56 0.63 4.47 0.60 7.53 **

globaluri maCvene-
4.79 0.56 4.89 0.55 4.80 0.51 4.74 0.46 0.92
beli
**
p ≤ .01; * p ≤ .05

113
 daskvna

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba mokled CamovayaliboT

emociuri inteleqtis, rogorc pirovnuli niSnis sak-
vlevi instrumentis qarTuli versiis fsiqometruli ma-
xasiaTeblebi: (1) emociuri inteleqtis, rogorc pirov-
nuli niSnis sakvlevi kiTxvaris qarTuli versia imeo-
rebs britanuli versiisTvis damaxasiaTebel 4 faqtori-
an struqturas. es faqtorebia: kargad-yofna (well-bieng),
TviT-kontroli, emociuroba, socialuroba. (2) Sedege-
bi ar aCvenebs asakobriv jgufebs Soris gansxvavebas
emociuri inteleqtis globaluri qulis mixedviT, mag-
ram zogierTi calkeuli skalis da ZiriTadi faqtoris
mixedviT asakobriv jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba sandoa;
(3) Sedegebi ar aCvenebs sqesTa Soris gansxvavebas emoci-
uri inteleqtis globaluri qulis mixedviT, magram zo-
gierTi calkeuli skalis (optimizmi, empaTia, bedniere-
ba, axlo socialuri urTierTobebi, asertuloba, stre-
sis marTva, emociebis regulacia) da ZiriTadi faqto-
risTvis (emociuroba, socialuroba, TviT-kontroli)
sqesTa Soris gansxvaveba sandoa.
kiTxvaris fsiqometruli maxasiaTeblebis (faqto-
ruli struqtura, Sinagani konsistentobis maCveneble-
bi) Sejamebis Sedegad SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom Cveni
kvlevis Sedegad miRebulia kiTxvaris qarTuli versia,
romelic am etapze sakmaod gamarTul fsiqodiagnosti-
kur instruments warmoadgens da misi gamoyeneba namdvi-
lad SesaZlebelia Semdgomi kvlevebisaTvis. ZiriTadi
faqtoruli struqturisa da skalebis Taviseburebebis
replikacia, emociuri inteleqtis 4 faqtoriani struq-
turis kulturuli universaluroba, gamovlenili lo-
gikuri kavSirebi sxva konstruqtebTan - qarTul popu-
laciaze emociuri inteleqtis, rogorc pirovnuli niS-
nis sakvlevi kiTxvaris Semdgomi gamoyenebis Tvalsazri-

114
siT sakmaod optimisturi prognozis gakeTebis saSuale-
bas gvaZlevs.
emociuri inteleqtis, rogorc pirovnuli niSnis
sakvlevi kiTxvaris qarTul versia Rirebulia sxvadas-
xva sferoSi momuSave profesionalebisaTvis (ganaTle-
bis fsiqologiis, adamianuri resursebis marTvis da
klinikuri fsiqologiis sferos warmomadgenelTaTvis);
kiTxvari saSualebas mogvcems CaverToT emociuri inte-
leqtTan dakavSirebul saerTaSoriso kvleviT sivrceSi
da mecnierebaSi am SedarebiT axali konstruqtis Tavi-
sebureba vikvlioT qarTul populaciazec.

Abstract
Khatuna Martskvishvili - Assistant Professor of the Faculty
of Social and Political Sciences of TSU.

THE ADAPTATION OF TRAIT EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

QUESTIONNAIRE ON
GEORGIAN POPULATION

The goal of the presented work is the adaptation of the Trait

Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) (Petrides, 2009) on
Georgian population. The theoretical framework for the given work
is Trait Emotional Intelligence Model (Petrides & Furman, 2000)
according to this model Trait EI is "a constellation of emotional self-
perceptions located at the lower levels of personality”. Authors
suggest that an alternative label for the same construct is trait
emotional self-efficacy.
Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire is a self-report
inventory that covers the sampling domain of trait EI
comprehensively. It comprises 153 items, measuring 15 distinct
facets, 4 factors, and global trait EI. TEIQue was adapted into
Georgian following the guidelines of the International Test

115
Commission (Hambleton,2001) The adaptation process included
several steps: (1) translation of the inventory into Georgian; (2) back-
translation; (3) Experts’ assessments; (4) pilot study (111
participants); (5) re-pilot (115 participants); (6) inventory revision;
(7) standardization of the questionnaire (922 participants, 267 male
and 652 female, from 17 to 70 years).
(1) Principle axis factoring revealed four main factors.
Georgian version of Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire
replicates the British factor structure of TEIQue: Emotionality,
Sociability, Self-control, and Well-being. These factors explain
49.88% of the total variance.
(2) The reliabilities of the TEIQue factors are the following:
Well-being (2 facets; a = .82); Self-control (2 facets; a = .71);
Emotionality (5 facets; a = .69); Sociability (4 facets; a = .78).
Reliabilities of each 15 facets were also acceptable.
(3) TEIQue scores were globally normally distributed
(4) There was no gender difference in Global TEI scores, but
findings revealed significant gender differences: in TEI factors and
facets.
(5) TEIQue scores were relatively independent of age but
there was significantly difference in some TEI facets and factors
Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire has theoretical as
well as practical implication: the adapted inventory is valuable for
professionals working in different fields of Psychology (educational,
human reassures and clinical psychology). Georgian version of
questionnaire gives possibility to be involved in international
Emotional intelligence research space and to study characteristics of
relatively new construct - emotional intelligence - on Georgian
population too.

116
 gamoyenebuli da citirebuli literatura:

1. Bernstein, I. H., & Teng, G. (1989). Factoring items and

factoring scales are different: Spurious evidence for
multidimensionality due to item categorization. Psychological
Bulletin, 105, 467- 477.
2. Goleman, D. (1998). Workingwith emotional intelligence. New
York: Bantam Books
3. Emmerling, R. J., Shanwal, V. K., & Mandal, M. K. (Eds.)
(2008). Emotional intelligence: Theoretical and cultural
perspectives. Nova Science Publishers.
4. Hambleton, R. K. (2001). The next generation of the ITC Test
translation and adaptation guidelines. European Journal of
Psychological Assessment,17, 164–172.
5. Mayer, J. D. & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional
intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. Sluyter (Eds). Emotional
Development and Emotional Intelligence: Implications for
Educators (pp. 3-31). New York: Basic Books.
6. Pallant, J. (2003) SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide
to Data Analysis. Philadelhpia: Open University Press.
7. Peterson, R.A. (1994). A meta-analysis of Crobach’s alpha.
Journal of consumer Research, 21, 381-391
8. Petrides, K.V. (2009a). TEIQue technical manual. University
College of London
9. Petrides, K.V. (2009b) Psychometric Properties of the Trait
Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) in C. Stough et
al. (eds.), Assessing Emotional Intelligenc: theory research and
application, The Springer Series on Human Exceptionality.
10. Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A. (2000). On the dimensional
structure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual
Differences, 29, 313–320
11. Petrides, K. V., Furnham, A. & Mavroveli, S. (2007). Trait
emotional intelligence: Moving forward in the field of EI. In G.

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 Matthews, M. Zeidner, & R. Roberts, R. (Eds.). Emotional
intelligence: Knowns and unknowns (Series in Affective
Science). Oxford: Oxford University Press
12. Petrides, K. V., Pita, R., Kokkinaki, F. (2007). The location of
trait emotional intelligence in personality factor space. British
Journal of Psychology, 98, 273-289.
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On the criterion and incremental validity of trait emotional
intelligence. Cognition and Emotion, 21, 26-55.

118
 saparlamento demokratiis problemebi
saqarTveloSi

nana maWaraSvili
politikis mecnierebis doqtori, socialur
da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis asocirebuli
profesori.

Sesavali

demokratiis sakmaod mciredi gamocdilebis mqone

iseTi qveynisTvis, rogoric saqarTveloa, saparlamento
demokratiis problemebis arseboba sakmaod bunebrivad
gamoiyureba. cxadia, problemebis CamonaTvali sakmaod
didia da moiTxovs klasificirebs, rac, xels Seuwyobda
imis garkvevas, saparlamento saqmianobis romeli rgo-
li, warmomadgenlobiTi, sakanonmdeblo Tu sazedamxed-
veloa yvelaze susti da saWiroebs yvelaze met yurad-
Rebas. saparlamento demokratiis problemebze saubri-
sas, cxadia, gverds ver avuvliT Tavad saqarTvelos in-
stituciuri wyobis sistemaze saubars, romelic xSir
SemTxvevaSi, gvevlineba samive zemoTxsenebuli mimarTu-
lebiT saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo organos naklebe-
feqturi saqmianobis mizezi da romelzedac analitiko-
sebisa da mkvlevrebis mxridan xdeba aqcentireba.
aRniSnul statiaSi saqarTvelos parlamentis saqmi-
anobisa da saparlamento demokratiis xarisxis Sesafa-
seblad, gamoyenebulia saqarTvelos parlamentis wev-
rTa naxevrad-struqturirebuli interviurebisa da sa-
qarTvelos sakanonmdeblo organos aparatis TanamSro-
melTa fokus-jgufis Sedegebi, romelic ganxorcielda
saparlamento ganviTarebis vestministeris demokratiis
fondis farglebSi Catarebuli situaciuri analizis
dros. mkvlevrebis winaSe dasmul amocanas warmoadgen-

119
da imis garkveva, saparlamento saqmianobis ra dadebiTi
da uaryofiTi mxareebi ikveTeba dRevandeli mdgomare-
obiT da parlamentis warmomadgenlobiTi, sakanonmdeb-
lo da sazedamxedvelo funqciebidan romlis Sesrule-
bas eSleba yvelaze metad xeli da ra mizeziT. statiaSi
warmodgenilia saqarTvelos dRevandeli sakanonmdeblo
organos mimarT sazogadoebis damokidebuleba, iseve
rogorc avtoritetebisgan aRniSnuli institutis damo-
ukideblobis aRqmis xarisxi, aseve mocemulia samive mi-
marTulebiT saparlamento saqmianobis Sefaseba skalaze
dadebiTi-uaryofiTi. garda amisa, saqarTvelos parla-
mentis statistikur informaciaze dayrdnobiT xorci-
eldeba saqarTvelos parlamentis mier wamoyenebuli sa-
kanonmdeblo iniciativebis Sefardeba aRmasrulebeli
xelisuflebis mier wamoyenebul iniciativebTan mimar-
TebaSi imis dasadgenad, ramdenad didia aRmasrulebeli
xelisuflebis zegavlena sakanonmdeblo organoze da
aqedan gamomdinare, saparlamento sistemebidan romels
SeiZleba miekuTvnos saqarTvelos parlamenti. statiaSi
aseve xorcieldeba saparlamento demokratiis sxva ara-
erT specifikur problemaze saubari, romelic uSua-
lod interviurirebisa da fokus-jgufis Sedegebidan
dadginda.
saqarTvelos parlamentis saqmianobis mtkicebule-
bebze dafuZnebuli Sefaseba, romelic statistikurad
gadamowmebad informacias daeyrdnoboda, dRemde saqar-
TveloSi ar ganxorcielebula. miuxedavad imisa, aRniS-
nul statiaSi ZiriTadad Tavmoyrilia yvela is masala,
romelic meoradi informaciis saxiTaa mopovebuli da
eyrdnoba sazogadoebrivi kvlevis Sedegebs, Tavad par-
lamentisa da misi saqmianobis Sesaxeb. kvlevis meTodo-
logia, romelsac efuZneba statiis mTavari ganacxadi,
ki ZiriTadad Tvisebrivi analizis Sedegebzea dafuZne-
buli.

120
 hipoTeza, romelsac kvlevis procesSi viyenebT,
efuZneba Semdeg ganacxads: saqarTvelos dRevandeli
parlamenti miuxedavad instituciuri winaaRmdegobisa,
vesminsteris modelis Sesabamisia, risi axsnac saqarTve-
loSi arsebuli partiuli sistemiTa da partiasa da
mTavrobas Soris arsebul iseTive unisonSi unda veZe-
boT, rogoric vesmtminsteris saparlamento modelSi
fiqsirdeba. am mxriv maJoritaruli da saqarTvelos
uaxlesi istoriisTvis damaxasiaTebeli priviligirebu-
li erTpartiuli sistema garkveul msgavsebebs avlens
erTmaneTTan. Tumca, qarTul realobaSi es modeli ara
parlamentze, aramed aRmasrulebeli, konkretulad ki
prezidentis institutze damokidebulebis maRali xa-
risxiT gamoirCeva, rac gamoixateba saparlamento saqmi-
anobis samive mimarTulebiT, gansakuTrebiT ki sazedam-
xedvelo saqmianobis gawevis TvalsazrisiT, parlamentis
rogorc aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis sapirwone insti-
tutisa da funqciis Semsruleblis rolis SesustebaSi.

saqarTvelos parlamentis mimarT

sazogadoebrivi damokidebuleba

vidre, aRniSnuli hopoTezis mtkicebulebebs war-

movadgenT, pirvel rigSi gvinda imis Cveneba, Tu ramde-
nad mniSvnelovani roli da adgili uWiravs saqarTve-
los sakanonmdelo organos da ramdenad damoukidebl
instituciad ganixileba is sazogadoebrivi azris kvle-
vis Sedegebis mixedviT. qveviT wamodgenil sqemaze kav-
kasiis kvleviTi resursebis centris monacemebze day-
rdnobiT naCvenebia, rom 2007-2009 wlebis ganmavlobaSi
saqarTvelos parlamentis rogorc institutis mimarT
ndoba mniSvnelovnad ar gazrdila (6-dan mxolod 10-11
procentis farglebamde aiwia). amis miuxedavad, ucvle-
li rCeba is disproporcia, romelic arsebobs saqarTve-

121
los parlamentsa da prezidentis instituts Soris.
ndobis TvalsazrisiT sxvaoba maT Soris, xSirad 15-20
procentsac ki Seadgens. am mxriv, didi gansxvaveba par-
lamentsa da mTavrobas Soris ar SeiniSneba da ndobis
TvalsazrisiT am or instituts Soris TiTqmis Tanabari
mdgomareobaa, rac kidev erTxel adasturebs im faqts,
rom saqarTvelos mosaxleobis umravlesobisaTvis ro-
gorc saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo organo, ise mTavro-
bis aparati naklebad damoukidebeli da prezidentis in-
stitutze damokidebul instituciebadaa aRqmuli.

sqema #1 politikuri institutebis mimarT ndoba1

parlamentis rogorc damoukidebeli institutis

aRqmis xarisxis Sefaseba mocemulia sazogadobrivi po-
litikis institutis mier momzadebul angariSSi, sadac
respodentebs unda daefiqsirebinaT, ara ama Tu im insti-
tutis mimarT ndoba, aramed unda SeefasebinaT sxva in-
stituciebze ama Tu im institutis damokidebulebis xa-
risxi, Sesabamisad, dadgeniliyo is, Tu ramdenad ganixi-
lavdnen isini ama Tu im instituts rogorc damoukide-
bel institucias. qveviT warmodgenil sqemaze naCvnebia,

122
rom yvelaze naklebi damoukideblobis matarebel insti-
tuciad eklesias, ombudsmenis instituts, sasamarTlosa
da parlaments Soris, gamokiTxulTa Soris swored sa-
parlamento organo aRiqmeba. misi damoukideblobis xa-
risxi 2007 wels 14,9 porcentiT, xolo 2008 wels 10,5
procentiTaa Sefasebuli. aRniSnuli monacemebi emTxveva
kavkasiis kvleviTi resursebis centris monacemebs, rome-
lic am instituciis ndobas TiTqmis imave maCveneblebiT
afasebs. sainteresoa isic, rom tradiciulad, sakmaod
rTul instituciad Sefasebuli sasamarTlo saparlamen-
to organoze maRali monacemebiTaa Sefasebuli.

sqema #2 sxvadasxva institutebis xelisuflebisagan

damoukideblobis aRqma2

90,00%
80,00% 80,10%
72,40%
70,00%
60,00% 57,10%
50,00%
43,80% 2007
40,00%
2008
30,00%
20,00% 15,70% 14,90%
10,00%
10,80% 10,50%
0,00%
eklesia ombudsmeni sasamarTlo parlamenti

saparlamento demokratiis Sefaseba

saparlamento funqciebis mixedviT

ganvixiloT saqarTvelos saparlamento saqmianobis

dadebiTi da jerac dauxvewavi mxareebi saparlamento
organos sami _ wamomadgenlobiTi, kanonSemoqmedebiTi da
sazedamxedvelo funqciebis mixedviT. warmomadgenlobi-
Ti funqcia: warmomadgenlobiTi funqciis TvalsazrisiT
dadebiT momentebad SeiZleba Sefasdes saarCevno barie-
ris 5 procentamde daweva, rac 7 procentian barierTan

123
SedarebiT warmomadgenlobis xelSemwyobia; TiToeul sa-
arCevno olqs hyavs Tavisi warmomadgeneli parlamentSi;
eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebs hyavT TavianTi
warmomadgenlebi parlamentSi; TiToeul saparlamento
komitetSi proporciuladaa warmodgenili fraqciebi da
ufraqcio deputatebi; informacia saparlamento proce-
sis Sesaxeb xelmisawvdomia moqalaqeTaTvis. Tumca, saar-
Cevno olqebi zomisa da amomrCevelTa raodenobis Tval-
sazrisiT araerTgvarovania. problemas warmoadgens
isic, rom TiToeuli maTganidan airCeva TiTo deputati.
qalebi parlamentSi faqtobrivad ar arian warmodgenili:
136 deput tidan mxolod 7 qali deputatia. eTnikuri
umciresobebic mxolod mcirediT arian warmodgenili
parlamentSi: 136 deputatidan mxolod 7 warmoadgens
eTnikur umciresobas. warmomadgenlobis daculobis ise-
Ti garantiebi rogoric araerT sxva qveyanaSi arsebobs
eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis, saqarTveloSi jer araa
Seqmnili.3 2008 wlis maisis arCevnebis Semdeg opoziciis
nawilma uari Tqva saparlamento mandatebze. Sesabamisi-
ad, maT amomrCevlebs dReisaTvis ar hyavT sakuTari war-
momadgeneli parlamentSi. problemas qmnis aseve sadavo
kanoni partiebis dafinansebaze, romelic SezRudvebs
uwesebs im partiebs, romelTac miuxedavad 5%-iani barie-
ris gadalaxvisa 2008 wlis 21 maisis saparlamento arCev-
nebze, uari Tqves parlamentSi Sesvlaze. aseT partiaTa
kategoriaSi aRmoCndnen axali memarjveneebi, moZraoba
erTiani saqarTvelosTvis, saqarTvelos gza, xalxis par-
tia, partia Tavisufleba da erovnuli forumi. gaerTia-
nebuli opoziciis es partiebi wliurad, daaxloebiT, 600
aTas lars veRar iReben.
partiuli speqtris warmomadgenlobis sakiTxi aseve
problematuria. Tuki gadavxedavT saqarTvelos uaxle-
si istoriis gamocdilebas, partiuli speqtris ara mar-
to saparlamento organoSi moxvedris sixSirem iklo,

124
aramed saparlamento arCevnebSi monawile partiuli or-
ganizaciebis raodenobamac. am procesze mniSvnelovani
zegavlena iqonia 1999 wels saarCevno barieris 7 pro-
centamde awevam da swored amitom partiuli warmomad-
genlobis uzrunvelsayofad 2007 wels saarCevo barie-
ris 5 procentamde dawevis gadawyvetileba pozitiur
nabijadaa Sefasebuli. saparlamento organoSi mosax-
vedrad gamarTul arCevnebSi partiebis monawileobis
sixSiris kleba aseve ukavSirdeba partiuli institute-
bis naklebad ganviTarebasa da partiuli instituciona-
lizaciis problemas, romlis pirobebSi partiaTa rao-
denoba, romelic yvela niSniT (centraluri da adgi-
lobrivi organoebis arseboba da gamarTuli muSaoba,
Sida demokratiisa da partiuli rotaciis SesaZleblo-
bebi, partiul faseulobebze partiis politikis ageba
da partiul liderebze naklebdamokidebuleba, politi-
kis warmoebis unari) daakmayofilebda institucionali-
zaciis paramentrebs, sakmaod mcirea.

cxrili #1. saarCevno procesSi monawileobis statis-

tika (1990-2008 wlebi)4
არჩევნებისჩატარების 1990 1992 1995 1999 2003 2004 2008
თარიღი

საარჩევნობარიერი 4% 2% 5% 7% 7% 7% 5%

პროპორციულისისტე 2 24 5 3 6 2 4
მითგასულიპარტიები
სრაოდენობა

მაჟორიტარულისისტე 5 5 9 3
მითგასულიპარტიები
სრაოდენობა

არჩევნებშიმონაწილეპ 14 36 53 45 18 17 12
ოლიტიკურიპარტიებ
ისადასაარჩევნობლოკ
ებისრაოდენობა

125
 sakanonmdeblo funqcia: sakanonmdeblo saqmianobis
TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebul pozitiur Sefasebas imsa-
xurebs saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis harmonizacia ev-
rokavSiris sakanonmdeblo sivrcesa da regulaciebTan,
rac warmoadgens umniSvnelovanes prioritets da xor-
cieldeba swrafi tempebiT; xazgasasmelia is faqti, rom
sakanonmdeblo procesi eqvemdebareba mkacrad gaweril
procedurebs, romelic mocemulia parlamentis regla-
mentSi; aseve, ama Tu im kanondeblobaze muSaobis pro-
cesSi aqtiurad gamoiyeneba sxva qveynebis gamocdileba,
xolo komitetebi iyeneben mrCevelTa sabWoebs sakanon-
mdeblo iniciativebis dasaxvewad. am dadebiT momenteb-
Tan erTad, gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi naklovanebe-
bic: kanondeblobaze muSaobis procesi imdenad swraf
tempebSi mimdinareobs, rom xSirad deputatebs uWirT
TiToeuli sakiTxis detaluri analizi da kanonproeq-
tebis skurpuliozuri Seswavla; opoziciis zegavlenis
naklebobis pirobebSi sakanonmdeblo iniciativebi aseve
naklebad xdeba seriozuli ganxilvis sagani;
sakanonmdeblo inicireba nebismieri sakanonmdeblo
organos muSaobis Semadgeneli elementia, Tumca gaer-
Tianebul samefoSi kanonproeqtebis umravlesoba swo-
red mTavrobis inicirebulia. asevea poloneTic, rom-
lis sakanonmdeblo organoSic 2001-2005 wlebSi wardge-
nili 1264 kanonproeqtidan 808 inicirebuli iyo mTav-
robidan da mxolod 356 Tavad parlamentidan. analogi-
uri tendencia vrceldeba poloneTSi samTavrobo pro-
eqtebis umravlesobazec. imave wlebSi wardgenili 744
samTavrobo proeqtebidan mxolod 184 iyo deputatebis
mier inicirebuli. kanonproeqtebis wardgenaze samTav-
robo upiratesobis ramdenime ganmapirobebeli faqtori
arsebobs: pirvel rigSi, mTavrobas ufro metad miuw-
vdeba xeli kanonSemoqmedebiT codnaze. amasTan, mTav-
robas, romelic Cveulebriv, flobs parlamentSi umrav-

126
lesobas da Sesabamisad, gamoirCeva warmatebis maRali
koeficientiT, deputatebs mxolod mis mier momzadebu-
li kanonmdeblobis ganxilvisa da damtkicebis uflebas
utovebs.
amasTan gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom saqarTve-
los parlamenti, gansxvavebiT didi britaneTis parla-
mentisgan5, reglamentis Tanaxmad, Tavad gansazRvravs
saparlamento dRis wesrigs. rac Seexeba iseT institu-
cias, rogoricaa partiuli mdivnebi, romlebic didi
britaneTis parlamentSi farTo uflebamosilebebiT
sargebloben da warmoadgenen parlamentis TiToeuli
wevris qmedebaze kontrolis oficialur berkets, sa-
qarTvelos parlamentSi ar gvxvdeba. Tumca, es sulac
ar gamoricxavs imis SesaZleblobas, rom analogiuri me-
qanizmi araformalur doneze saqarTveloSic aqtiurad
muSaobdes.
zedamxedvelobiTi funqcia: am mxriv, miuxedavad,
imisa, rom saqarTvelos parlamentis xelT arsebuli re-
sursebi, iseve rogorc damatebiTi instituciebi kon-
trolis palatisa da ombudsmenis saxiT mravlad gaaC-
nia, sakmaod mwirad gamoiyureba da umeteswilad parla-
mentis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebebis Sesrulebis
kontrolamde izRudeba.6 sazedamxedvelo funqciis
TvalsazrisiT, dadebiT momentebad SesaZlebelia aRi-
niSnos is, rom yovelwliurad prezidentsa da premier-
ministrs evalebaT parlamentis winaSe angariSiT war-
dgena; aseve, parlamentma SesaZlebelia moiTxovos mTav-
robis meTaurisa da sxva sajaro moxeleebis Tanamdebo-
bidan daTxovna; parlamenti zedamxedvelobas uwevs aR-
masrulebeli xelisuflebis miRebuli normatiuli aq-
tebis ganxorcielebis process; ministrTa kabinetsa da
prezidents hyavT TavianTi warmomadgenlebi parlamen-
tSi (saparlamento mdivnebis saxiT). Tumca, isic gasaT-
valiswinebelia, rom parlamenti SedarebiT pasiuria aR-

127
masrulebeli xelisuflebis qmedebaTa gakontrolebis
TvalsazrisiT; deputatebsa da parlamentis aparatis
muSakebs aqvT zedamxedvelobisa da kontrolis ganxor-
cielebis naklebi gamocdileba da saWiro unar-Cvevebi;
arsebobs TvalSisacemi disbalansi sakanonmdeblo da
aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis xelT arsebuli informa-
ciis TvalsazrisiT, rac parlamentis mier sazedamxed-
velo da sakontrolo funqciis ganxorcielebis SesaZ-
leblobebs amcirebs.
sazedamxedvelo funqciaze msjelobisas aucilebe-
li gasaTvaliswinebelia sakontrolo funqcia, rac par-
lamentisa da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis mier miRe-
buli normatiuli aqtebis Sesrulebaze kontrols gu-
lisxmobs. aRniSniSnuli saqmianoba saqarTvelos parla-
mentSi ZiriTadad Sesabamisi komitetebis meSveobiT wa-
rimarTeba. saqarTvelos parlamentis reglamentis mi-
xedviT, komiteti Tavisi kompetenciis farglebSi akon-
trolebs mis sferoSi moqmedi parlamentis mier miRebu-
li normatiuli aqtebis aRsrulebis mdgomareobas. par-
lamenti plenarul sxdomaze regularulad ismens Sesa-
bamisi komitetisa da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis Ta-
namdebobis pirebisgan informacias mis mier miRebuli
normatiuli aqtebis aRsrulebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.
parlamentis biuro uflebamosilia sesiis samuSao geg-
mis safuZvelze, parlamentis sasesio kviris plenaruli
sxdomebis dRis wesrigSi Seitanos im normatiuli aqte-
bis nusxa, romelTa aRsrulebis mdgomareobazec par-
lamentma unda moisminos informacia. aRniSnul infor-
macias parlaments warudgens is komiteti, romelic pa-
suxismgebeli iyo Sesabamisi normatiuli aqtis momzade-
baze. komitetisa da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis Sesa-
bamisi dawesebulebis moxseneba unda Seicavdes informa-
cias Sesabamisi normatiuli aqtis aRsrulebis mdgoma-
reobis, efeqtianobis, misi moqmedebis periodSi gamov-

128
lenili xarvezebisa da maT aRmosafxvrelad saWiro sa-
kanonmdeblo Sesworebebis Sesaxeb, aseve normatiuli aq-
tis srulfasovnad amoqmedebis xelis SemSleli obieq-
turi da subieqturi faqtorebis analizs. komitetis in-
formaciis mosmenis Semdeg SeiZleba moxsenebiT gamo-
vidnen fraqciebis, umravlesobisa da umciresobis war-
momadgenlebi. normatiuli aqtis aRsrulebis mdgomare-
obis Sesaxeb saparlamento mosmenis Semdeg parlamenti
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi iRebs dadgenilebas, romelSic
SeiZleba aisaxos parlamentis Sefaseba normatiuli aq-
tis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebiT, normatiul aqtSi Ses-
worebebis Setanis davaleba Sesabamisi komitetisaTvis
an daisvas aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis Sesabamisi da-
wesebulebis Tanamdebobis piris pasuxismgeblobis sa-
kiTxi. komiteti Tavisi kompetenciis farglebSi kon-
trols uwevs Tavis sferoSi moqmedi saministros, minis-
trisa da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis sxva saxelmwi-
fo uwyebis xelmZRvanelis normatiuli aqtebis saqar-
Tvelos kanonmdeblobasTan Sesabamisobas, maTi Sesru-
lebis mdgomareobas, Seiswavlis da aanalizebs am aqte-
bis gamoyenebis periodSi gamovlenil xarvezebs da Sei-
muSavebs rekomendaciebs, romlebsac ugzavnis Sesabamis
uwyebas. rekomendaciebis ganxilvis an miRebuli zomebis
Sesaxeb unda ecnobos komitets ara ugvianes 1 Tvisa an
mis mier dadgenil vadaSi. komiteti kontrols uwevs ka-
nonebisa da parlamentis dadgenilebebis gardamavali
debulebebiT komitetis sferoSi Semavali aRmasrulebe-
li xelisuflebis dawesebulebebisaTvis gansazRvruli
davalebebis Sesrulebas dadgenil vadaSi.7
saqarTvelos parlamentis saproceduro sakiTxTa
da wesebis komitetis 2004-2007 wlebis saqmianobis sta-
tistikas, Tuki aviRebT parlamentis sakontrolo fun-
qciis Sesafaseblad, aRmovaCenT, rom komitetisa da misi
wevrebis mier inicirebul kanonproeqtebis raodenobasa

129
(27) da im kanonproeqtebis raodenobasTan mimarTebaSi,
romelzedac komiteti iyo wamyvani an/da savaldebulo
daskvnis avtori (53), parlamentis mier miRebul gadaw-
yvetilebaze Sesrulebis kontroli, sakmaod STambeWda-
vad gamoiyureba (251).8 msgavsi tendencia SeimCneva sxva
komitetebTan mimarTebaSic. Sesabamisad, ikveTeba saze-
damxedvelo saqmianobis ugulebelyofa `kontrolisa da
balansis~ sistemis mxolod kontrolis funqciamde day-
vana da fokus-jgufis Sedegebis mixedviT, sazedamxed-
velo funqciis ganxorcieleba miCneulia rogorc sapar-
lamento saqmianobis yvelaze susti rgoli. aRniSnulis
axsna sxvadaxva aqtoris mier sxvadasxvanairad xdeba: Ta-
vad parlamentis aparatis warmomadgenlebis azriT, sa-
zedamxedvelo funqcia gamoieyeneba araregularulad
da damokidebulia Tavad sakiTxis simwvaveze.im SemTxve-
vaSi, Tuki is farTo sazogadoebriv interess imsaxu-
rebs, saparlamento kontrolis ganxorcieleba farTo
sazogadoebrivi ganxilvis sagani xdeba. Tumca, rigi sa-
kiTxebi, romelic sazedamxedvelo saqmianobis fargleb-
Si xorcieldeba, respodentebis azriT, naklebi simwva-
vis gamo, mediis, Sesabamisad, sazogadoebis yuradRebis
arealSi naklebad xvdeba.
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi sa-
zedamxedvelo funqciis naklebad gamoyenebas ukavSire-
ben Tavad parlamentis rogorc institutis sisustes.
aseve aRiareben iseTi faqtorebis zegavlenas, rogori-
caa zedamxedvelobisa da kontrolis gansaxorcieleb-
lad saWiro resursebis, gamocdilebisa da saWiro unar-
Cvevebis nakleboba. mmarTveli partiis saparlamento
upiratesobis pirobebSi, maTi azriT, parlamenti aRmas-
rulebeli xelisuflebis mier SemoTavazebuli sakanon-
mdeblo inicitivebis formaluri damamtkiceblis rol-
Si gamodis da masze realuri zedamxedvelobis gawevis
saSualebebs ar flobs.

130
 Tavad parlamentarebi naklebad saubroben msgavs
problemaze da acxadeben, rom dRes saqarTvelos par-
lamentis mier sazedamxedvelo funqcia gacilebiT aq-
tiurad gamoiyeneba, vidre es erTi SexediT SeiZleba
Candes. maTi SefasebiT, sazedamxedvelo funqciis gamo-
yenebis SemTxvevaSi, imis gamo, rom sazogadoebas ar Se-
eqmnas mcdari warmodgena mmarTveli partiis gundSi ar-
sebul konfliqtsa da ganxeTqilebaze, mizanmimarTulad
Tavs arideben, rom moxdes, aseTi SemTxvevebis sazoga-
doebisTvis miwodeba da gaxmaureba. maTi, SefasebiT,
swored amis gamo iqmneba sazedamxedvelo funqciis nak-
lebad gamoyenebaze “mcdari warmodgena”.

daskvna

safrTxeebi, romelic SesaZlebelia dafiqsirdes

saparlamento saqmianobis samive mimarTulebiT da rome-
lic mniSvnelovan winaaRmdegobas qmnis momavalSi sapar-
lamento demokratiis Camosayalibeblad Sejamebuli sa-
xiT Semdegnairad SeiZleba dafiqsirdes: warmomadgelo-
biTi funqciis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania is, rom
amomarCevelTa konkretuli jgufebi, da es, pirvel rig-
Si partiul politikur speqtrs, eTnikur umciresobasa
da qalTa warmomadgenlobas exeba, ar aris proporciu-
lad warmodgenili parlamentSi. aseve, igrZnoba sazoga-
doebrivi ndobis nakleboba, iseve rogorc ikveTeba sa-
parlamento opoziciis limitirebuli SesaZleblobebi
partiuli instituciebis sisustis gamo. sakanonmdeblo
funqciis TvalsazrisiT safrTxeebad SeiZleba aRviqvaT,
parlamentis mxridan iniciativebis nakleboba, kanon-
mdeblobis, maT Soris konstituciis xSiri cvla. rac
Seexeba sazedamxedvelo funqcias, am mxriv gansakuTre-
bul safrTxed unda ganixilebodes kontrolisa da ba-
lansis sistemis sisuste, romlis pirobebSic saqarTve-

131
los saparlamento organo ver asrulebs aRmasrulebe-
li xelisuflebis sapirwone instituciis funqcias. aqve
SesaZlebelia aRiniSnos saparlamento aparatis erTpar-
tiul garemoSi politikuri neitralitetis Sesustebis
safrTxe da parlamentSi politikuri cvlilebebis gan-
xorcielebis mzadyofnis nakleboba.

gamoyenebuli da citirebuli literatura:

1. kavkasiis kvleviTi resursebis centri. _ 2007-

2009 wlebis Sejamebuli angariSi
2. nana sumbaZe, saqarTvelo agvistos omamde da
omis Semdeg. sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTxvis
Sedegebi: barometri 2007 da 2008. Tbilisi 2009,
sazogadoebrivi politikis instituti. gv.26.
3. sxvadasxva qveyanaSi eTnikuri umciresobebis war-
momadgenlebisaTvis dawesebulia kvotebi, Seqmni-
lia gansakuTrebuli garantiebi an wesdeba SeRa-
vaTebi maTi warmomadgenlebis saparlamento or-
ganoSi mosaxvedrad. rumineTsa da slovakeTSi
dawesebulia SeRavaTebi umciresobaTa warmomad-
genlebisTvis. maSin, roca serbeTsa da poloneT-
Si warmomadgenlobiTobis uzrunvelsayofad da-
wesebuli meqanizmi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom orive
qveyanaSi arsebuli xuTprocentiani saarCevno ba-
rieri ar vrceldeba umciresobaTa warmomadgen-
lebze. xorvatiasa da montenegroSi umciresobe-
bisaTvis SeTavazebulia pozitiuri diskriminaci-
is forma da orive saparlamento organoSi gamo-
yofilia saparlamento mandatebis garkveuli ra-
odenobas pecialurad eTnikuri umciresobebi-
saTvis.
4. cxrili Sedgenilia saqarTvelos centraluri sa-
arCevno komisiis monacemebzedayrdnobiT. masSi
araa mocemuli zogierTi wlis monacemi imis ga-

132
 mo, rom oficialuri statistika saqarTvelos
centraluri saarCevno komisias ar hqonia war-
modgenili.
5. gaerTianebul samefoSi xelisufleba, xSirad
(magram, arayovelTvis) adgens da akontrolebs
parlamentis dRis wesrigs, magram amJamad aqtiu-
rad mimdinareobs debatebi cvlilebis ganxorci-
elebis Taobaze, rac ganixileba rogorc parla-
mentis gaZlierebis saSualeba.
6. parlamentis sakontrolo meqanizmebidan, saqar-
Tvelos parlamentis reglamentis mixedviT, gamo-
iyeneba: impiCmentis wesi; informaciis gamoTxovi-
sufleba _ parlamentis plenaruli sxdomismier
daniSnul momxsenebels ufleba aqvs administra-
ciuli organosagan gamoiTxovos da miiRos nebis-
mieri informacia (maT Soris, konfidencialuri)
da nebismier sakiTxze axsna-ganmarteba; peticia _
peticia aris pirTa jgufis werilobiTi mimarTva,
romelic Seexeba saxelmwifoebriv da saerTo
problemebidan gamomdinare sakiTxebs; specialu-
ri jgufi _ parlamentis Tavmjdomarem sakuTari
iniciativiT an Sesabamisi komitetis wardginebiT
SeiZleba Seqmnas sakiTxis Semswavleli specialu-
ri jgufi; moqalaqeTa miReba; parlamentis wevris
kiTxva, parlamentis wevrTa aTkaciani jgufisa da
fraqciis SekiTxva; samTavrobo saaTi – yoveliT-
vis plenaruli sxdomis bolo xuTSabaTi; saqar-
Tvelos kontrolis palata; saqarTvelos saxal-
xo damcveli;
7. saqarTvelos parlamentis reglamenti. 
http://www.parliament.ge/_special/kan/files/339.pdf 
8. saproceduro sakiTxTa dawesebis komitetis 2004-2007
wlebis sakanonmdeblo saqmianobis statistika.
http://www.parliament.ge/files/1276_20114_521503_shesacvleli
-daijesti1.pdf 

133
 Abstract

Problems of Parliamentary Democracy in Georgia

Nana Macharashvili - PhD in Political Science, Associate
Professor of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences of TSU.

For the newly developed democracies like Georgia problems

regarding the parliamentary democracy are quite relevant. From the
critical point of view the most essential problem is the limited
possibilities and implementation of the oversight function of the
Parliament. The problem itself is determined by the institutional
subordination of the Parliament to the Executive branch and the real
absence of the check and balance system in Georgia. The article also
analysis the problems concerning the other functions of the
Parliament on the basis of the semi-structural interviews of the MPs
and representatives of non governmental sector, as well as the results
of the focus group of the parliamentary staff members. The statistics
of the Parliamentary activities indicates that the oversight function is
fully simplified to the controlling of the parliamentary decisions. The
semi-structural interviews as well as focus group discussions present
several determinants of the limited possibilities for oversight in the
Parliament of Georgia.

134
 moralis ganviTarebis Teoriebi:
piaJedan neokolbergianelebamde

naTia mestviriSvili
socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa
fakulteti, fsiqologiis mimarTuleba, doqtoranti.

moraluri ganviTarebis sakiTxi ar gamoirCeva mra-

valricxovani Teoriuli midgomebiT, rac fenomenis
sirTulesa da misi Seswavlis meTodebis naklebobaze mi-
uTiTebs. amasTan erTad, moraluri ganviTareba dRemde
rCeba rTul da urTierTsawinaaRmdego mosazrebebiT
gamoirCeul sakiTxad fsiqologiaSi.
moralis ganviTarebis mecnieruli Seswavla dakav-
Sirebulia Sveicarieli mecnieris Jan piaJes saxelTan,
romelmac gasuli saukunis 30-iani wlebis dasawyisSi
moralis ganviTarebis sakuTari Teoria warmoadgina. Jan
piaJe im fsiqologTa ricxvs miekuTvneba, romelTa naS-
romebic dRemde rCeba moraluri ganviTarebis Tanamed-
rove TeoriebisTvis mniSvnelovan orientirad.piaJem
morali gansazRvra, rogorc socialuri normebis pati-
viscema da individSi arsebuli samarTlianobis grZnoba,
romelic gulisxmobs zrunvas adamianTa Soris Tanaswo-
robaze. piaJes mixedviT, individebi samyaros Sesaxeb
codnas iZenen da gardaqmnian garemosTan urTierTobis
Sedegad. Jan piaJe cdilobda moraluri gansjis ganvi-
Tarebis dakavSirebas bavSvis zogad kognitur ganviTa-
rebasTan.piaJes azriT, imis mixedviT, Tu kognituri
zrdis romel stadiaze imyofeba bavSvi, is sxvadasxva
wonas aniWebs moqmedebis Sedegs da moqmedi piris gan-
zraxvas.
piaJe gamoyofs moraluri ganviTarebis or stadias.
moraluri msjeloba iwyeba heteronomiuli safexuriT,

135
rac xasiaTdeba wesebisa da movaleobebis zusti Sesru-
lebiT da avtoritetisadmi morCilebiT.
heteronomiulobas gansazRvravs ori faqtori: 1.
bavSvis kognituri struqtura _ piaJes mixedviT, bavSvis
azrovneba egocentrulobiT, anu bavSvis mier sxva ada-
mianis Sexedulebis gaziarebis uunarobiT xasiaTdeba.
egocentruloba ganapirobebs bavSvis mier sakuTari az-
rebisa da survilebis sxva adamianebze proeqcias. bav-
SvebisTvis ufro mniSvnelovania moqmedebis Sedegi, vid-
re ganzraxva da maT aqvT molodini, rom cud saqciels
dauyovnebliv mohyveba dasja. 2. bavSvebis socialuri
urTierTobebi mozrdilebTan _ mozrdilsa da bavSvs
Soris bunebriv urTierTobaSi meti Zalaufleba moz-
rdilebs aqvT. patara bavSvebSi Zalauflebis arqona,
ususuroba bavSvur egocentrizmTan erTad qmnis hete-
ronomiul moralur orientacias.
Tumca, sxva bavSvebTan urTierTobis fonze, rode-
sac jgufi cdilobs Seqmnas iseTi TamaSis wesebi, rome-
lic yvelasTvis misaRebi iqneba, wesebisadmi aseTi mor-
Cileba problematuri xdeba.
bavSvebi TandaTan moraluri msjelobis avtonomi-
ur safexurze gadadian, romelic xasiaTdeba wesebisad-
mi kritikuli damokidebulebiT. isini acnobiereben,
rom wesebi iqmneba adamianTa Soris urTierTSeTanxmebis
safuZvelze da aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi maTi Secvla
SesaZlebelia. bavSvebi iZenen unars, es wesebi SerCevi-
Tad gamoiyenon urTierTpativiscemisa da urTierTTa-
namSromlobis gaTvaliswinebiT. am unaris amoqmedeba iw-
yeba reciprokulobisa da ormxrivi pativiscemis safuZ-
velze bavSvis zrdasTan erTad, moqmedi piris ganzrax-
vebi ufro mets iwonis moralurobis Sesaxeb miseul
gansjaSi. kognituri unarebis ganviTarebasTan erTad
bavSvebs uviTardebaT imis unari, rom yuradReba miaqci-

136
on ara mxolod Sedegebs, aramed ganixilon orive _ Se-
degebica da ganzraxvebic.

80-ian wlebSi lorens kolbergma ganavrco piaJes

mier SemuSavebuli moralis ganviTarebis stadiebi.
kvlevis safuZvelze, man moraluri msjelobis 6 safexu-
ri gamoyo, romlebic 3 stadiad gaaerTiana. yoveli sa-
fexuri moralis sakiTxebisadmi xarisxobrivad gansxva-
vebul msjelobebs asaxavs.
prekonvencionaluri stadia ZiriTadad bavSvebis-
Tvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. am stadiaze myofi adamiani qce-
vis zneobriobis Sesaxeb uSualod qcevis Sedegebidan
gamomdinare msjelobs.
konvencionaluri stadia zogadad mozardebisa da
mozrdilebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. am stadiaze
myofi individebi qcevis zneobrivobaze imis mixedviT
msjeloben, Tu ramdenad Seefereba es qceva sazogado-
ebriv Sexedulebebsa da molodinebs.
postkonvencionalur stadiaze individis perspeq-
tiva ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre sazogadoeba. miuxeda-
vad imisa, rom individebis moraluri msjeloba wesebisa
da normebis principebs eyrdnoba, isini uaryofen am we-
sebisa da normebis erTgvarovan gamoyenebas.
pirveli safexuri _ orientacia dasjis aridebasa
da morCilebaze _ fokusirebulia wesis darRvevis da
dasjis Tavidan aridebaze. adamiani cdilobs aicilos
dasja da miaCnia, rom vinc Zlieria, marTalic is aris.
es safexuri piaJes mier gamoyofili pirveli safexuris
msgavsad egocentrizmiT xasiaTdeba.
meore safexurze, romelsac hedonisturs an in-
strumentul-relativisturs uwodeben, Cndeba moralu-
ri reciprokuloba. es safexuri orientirebulia qcevis
pragmatul Rirebulebaze. moralur qcevas piradi inte-
resebi gansazRvravs. am safexurze myofi adamiani cdi-

137
lobs jer sakuTari survilebi daikmayofilos da mere
sxvebis interesebzec ifiqros. ,,sxvebis’’ mimarT intere-
si izrdeba, Tumca amas safuZvlad udevs pragmatuloba
da ara samarTlianoba an loialoba.
mesame safexuria interpersonaluri SeTanxmeba,
rodesac qcevis moralurobas gansazRvravs sxva adamia-
nis molodinebi da stereotipuli rolebi. am safexurze
myofi adamiani cdilobs gaamarTlos sxvaTa molodine-
bi, raTa kargi gamoCndes maT da sakuTar TvalSi, da
qcevis Sesaxeb moqmedi piris ganzraxvis gaTvaliswine-
biT msjelobs.
meoTxe safexuri xasiaTdeba sazogadoebaze da so-
cialuri wesrigis SenarCunebaze orientaciiT. qcevis
sisworis Sesaxeb msjeloba xdeba im im wesebisa da nor-
mebis terminebSi, romlebic dadgenilia farTo socia-
luri sistemis mier. individi msjelobs sazogadoebis
wevris poziciidan gamomdinare da swor qcevad arsebu-
li socialuri sistemis dacvas miiCnevs.
mexuTe safexurze myofi adamiani acnobierebs, rom
wesebi mxolod socialuri SeTanxmebaa da maTi darRveva
SesaZlebelia situaciis mixedviT _ iseT SemTxvevebSi,
Tu isini samarTlianobas da sayovelTao keTildReobas
ar emsaxurebian. Tumca, arsebobs iseTi ZiriTadi da
gardauvali wesebi, rogoricaa sicocxlis dacva da Ta-
visuflebis mxardaWera, romlebic nebismier situaciaSi
daculi unda iqnas.
adamians uyalibdeba sakuTari Sexeduleba imis Se-
saxeb, Tu ra aris swori da ra _ araswori, da upirveles
yovlisa, am Sexedulebis da ara _ arsebuli kanonebisa
da wesebis Sesabamisad moqmedebs.
meeqvse safexuri gamoirCeva universalur eTikur
principebze orientaciiT, romlebic ufro farTo da
abstraqtulia, vidre moraluri principebi. adamiani
Tavis Tavs igive moTxovnebs uyenebs, rasac sxvebs, da

138
aRiarebs adamianTa Tanasworobas. adamianebi iSviaT Sem-
TxvevebSi Tu aRweven am safexurs. realurad, mxolod
pirvel xuT safexurTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs Sesabami-
si empiriuli monacemebi. Tavad kolbergis bolodroin-
del kvlevebSic mexuTe-meeqvse safexurebi gaerTianebu-
lia da, Sesabamisad, saubaria xuTsafexurian modelze.
kolbergis Teoriis Tanaxmad, morali viTardeba
ucvleli TanmimdevrobiT, Tumca yvelam SeiZleba verc
miaRwios moralis ganviTarebis umaRles safexurs inte-
leqtualuri stimulaciis naklebobis gamo (Crain, 1985).
realurad, rogorc aRiniSna, mxolod pirvelma xuTma
safexurma moipova arsebobis damadasturebeli empiriu-
li monacemebi. Tumca, kroskulturulma kvlevebma daa-
dastura kolbergis stadiebis Tanamimdevrobis univer-
saluroba.

kolbergis Teoria dafuZnebuli iyo mamakac cdis-

pirTa monacemebze da Sesabamisad, mxolod maT Sexedu-
lebebs asaxavda. kolbergis Teoriis winaaRmdeg mimar-
Tuli erT-erTi mZafri kritika swored am sakiTxs exe-
boda. Tumca, amasTanave gamoikveTa sqesis, rogorc
erT-erTi kritikuli faqtoris mniSvneloba individTa
moraluri principebis gansazRvrisas kolbergis Teori-
is safuZvelze Catarebuli kvlevebis Sedegebis Tanax-
mad, qalebTan moraluri ganviTarebis ufro dabali do-
ne vlindeba, vidre mamakacebTan.
kerol giliganma (1982) am faqtis asaxsnelad wamoa-
yena sakuTari Teoria, romlis Tanaxmadac, mamakacebi
qcevis moralurobaze wesebsa da abstraqtul princi-
pebze dayrdnobiT msjeloben. qalebs ki ufro metad
zrunvaze orientirebuli morali axasiaTebT, romelic
emyareba pirovnebaTaSoris urTierTobebs da ara wesebs.
Sedegad, qalebi da mamakacebi gansxvavebul qulebs iRe-
ben moralur dilemebze msjelobisas _ qalebi, rogorc

139
wesi, mesame safexurze arian, xolo mamakacebi _ meoTxe
da mexuTe safexurebze.
giligani moralur msjelobaSi arsebul sqesTaSo-
ris gansxvavebebs aRzrdas ukavSirebs. rogorc wesi, bi-
Webs adreuli bavSvobidan aswavlian damoukideblobas,
gogonebs ki sxvebis mimarT yuradRebasa da mzrunvelo-
bas aCveven. Tumca, giligani ar uaryofda, rom qalebic
da mamakacebic SeiZleba amJRavnebdnen sapirispiro sqe-
sisaTvis damaxasiaTebel moralur msjelobebs (Crain,
1985).

90-ian wlebSi, eliot turielma gaakritika kolber-

gi da wamoayena sferos Teoria (domain theory), romlis
mixedviTac, morali da konvencia ori erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavebuli sferoa da ara erTi mTliani sistema, ro-
gorc es kolbergs miaCnda. turieli erTmaneTisagan ga-
nasxvavebs da cal-calke ganixilavs moralur koncef-
ciebs da socialur konvenciebs anu socialur SeTanxme-
bas. misi azriT, es dakavSirebulia ori socialuri mov-
lenis or sxvadasxva klasTan. moraluri koncefcia fo-
kusirebulia im efeqtebze, romlebic konkretul qcevas
aqvs an SeiZleba hqondes meore adamianis keTildReoba-
ze. magaliTad, iseT qcevas, rogoricaa vinmesTvis uneb-
lie zianis miyeneba, arsebiTi gavlena aqvs adamianis ke-
TildReobaze da es gavlena arsebobs socialuri wese-
bis da wyobis miuxedavad. socialuri konvencia ki iseT
qmedebebs exeba, romlebsac aranairi interpersonaluri
Sedegebi ar moyveba. magaliTad, mimarTav adamians saxe-
liT Tu ,,qalbatono”-s an ,,batono’-s uwodeb, amas ara-
nairi mniSvnelovani gavlena ar eqneba adamianebis ke-
TildReobaze. is, Tu mimarTvis romeli formaa ukeTe-
si, ganisazRvreba da regulirdeba garkveul wesebze so-
cialuri SeTanxmebiT (Crain, 1985).

140
 kolbergTan dakavSirebuli kritikis sapasuxod je-
ims restma da misma kolegebma aiRes kolbergis Teoriis
ZiriTadi ideebi, romlebsac sakuTari ideebi daumates
da Seqmnes moraluri ganviTarebis sakuTari midgoma,
romelsac neokolbergianuli midgoma uwodes.
neokolbergianuli midgomis warmomadgenlebi ey-
rdnobian moraluri qcevis oTxkomponentian models.
restis oTxkomponentiani modelis Tanaxmad, moralis
ganviTarebaSi gamoiyofa moraluri qcevis oTxi fsiqo-
logiuri procesi: moraluri yuradReba, moraluri
msjeloba, moraluri motivacia da moraluri Rirseba.
moraluri yuradReba gulisxmobs unars Seicno mora-
luri situacia. moraluri msjeloba gulisxmobs gadaw-
yvetilebis miRebas moralurad swori da araswori qce-
vis Sesaxeb. moraluri motivacia aris Sinagani survili
moiqce moraluri standartebis Sesabamisad. moraluri
Rirseba gulisxmobs moralurad swori qcevis ganxorci-
elebis pirovnul gansazRvras maSinac ki, Tu sruliad
Sesaferisi iqneba moralis TvalsazrisiT araswori qce-
vis ganxorcieleba (Sabin, 2006).
kolbergis midgomis msgavsad, neokolbergianuli
midgomisaTvisac damaxasiaTebelia Semdegi: 1. amosaval
wertilad miCneulia kognicia; 2. xazs usvams ZiriTadi
epistemologiuri kategoriebis (mag.: uflebebi, movale-
oba. samarTali, socialuri wyoba, reciprokuloba) pi-
rovnul konstruqcias. es ar gamoricxavs kulturuli
ideologiis wvlils, Tumca, neokolbergianuli midgoma
ufro fokusirebulia individualur socialur gamoc-
dilebaze. 3. cvlilebas ganixilavs, rogorc ganviTare-
bas anu SesaZlebelia visaubroT ara mxolod gansxvave-
bebze moralur orientaciaSi, aramed kognitur upira-
tesobazec, sadac ,,maRali ufro ukeTesia” filosofiu-
ri da normatiul-eTikuri gagebiT. 4. mozardebisa da

141
mozrdilebis ganviTarebas ganixilavs, rogorc pirobi-
Tidan principul moralur azrovnebaze gadasvlas.
neokolbergianuli midgomis warmomadgenlebis
Tvalsazrisi moraluri msjelobebis kognituri struq-
turebis Sesaxeb kolbergiseulisgan Semdegi xuTi niS-
niT gansxvavdeba:
1. neokolbergianuli midgomis Tanaxmad, ganviTare-
ba aris gamoyenebis sixSiris cvlileba, romelic nakle-
bad kompleqsuridan ufro kompleqsuri xdeba. kolber-
gisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic ganviTarebas safexurebze
asvlis terminebSi ganixilavda, neokolbergianelebi ga-
viTarebas ganixilaven, rogorc cvlilebas martividan
rTulisaken.
2. neokolbergianuli midgomis Semqmnelebi moralu-
ri safexurebis nacvlad iyeneben termins moraluri
sqemebi. moraluri sqemebi SegviZlia ganvixiloT, ro-
gorc codnis ZiriTadi struqturebi, romlebic gamoi-
yeneba socialur kooperaciaSi. moraluri sqemebi ya-
libdeba socialuri urTierTobebidan miRebuli gamoc-
dilebis safuZvelze da sazogadoebaSi arsebuli insti-
tutebis da roluri-sistemebis koncefciebia.
3. kolbergis sapirispirod, romelic cdilobda
,,msjelobis operaciebis”, moraluri azrovnebis opera-
ciebis Seswavlas, neokolbergianuli midgoma orienti-
rebulia operaciebis Sinaarsobrivi Sedegebis Seswavla-
ze da ara kognituri operaciebis gazomvaze. kognitur-
ma kvlevebma aCvena, rom Cven viciT Cveni fsiqikis mxo-
lod Sinaarsi da ara is, rac qmnis am Sinaarss (Rest, Nar-
vaez, Bebeau, & Thoma, 1999., Swisher, Rizzo, & Marley, 2000).
4. kolbergma Tavisi safexurebis erT-erT maxasia-
Teblad universaluroba gamoacxada. Tumca, neokolber-
gianelebi emxrobian moralis Tanamedrove filosofose-
bis Sexedulebas, romlis mixedviTac, morali aris soci-
aluri konstruqcia, romelic gamomdinareobs sazogado-

142
ebis gamocdilebidan, kerZo institucionaluri wyobi-
dan, msjelobebidan da SeTanxmebebidan, romelsac sazo-
gadoeba uWers mxars. zogadi morali SeiZleba gansxvav-
debodes (an msgavsi iyos) sxvadasxva sazogadoebisTvis.
5. moraluri msjelobebis intervius nacvlad, ro-
melic cdis pirebisagan moiTxovda dilemebis gadaWrasa
da maT mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis axsnas, neo-
kolbergianuli midgomis warmomadgenlebi moraluri
msjelobebis Sefasebisas upiratesobas aniWeben mravlo-
biTi arCevanis tests da amas im mosazrebiT xsnian, rom
adamianebs SeuZliaT gadmoscen TavianTi kogniciis pro-
duqti, magram ar SeuZliaT gadmoscen is fsiqikuri ope-
raciebi, romlebic gamoiyenes am produqtis misaRwevad.

2002 wels moraluri msjelobis unaris kolbergi-

seul ganmartebaze dayrdnobiT jorj lindma wamoayena
organzomilebiani Teoria, romlis mixedviTac, moralu-
ri qceva ganisazRvreba, rogorc ori ganuyofeli, Tum-
ca gansxvavebuli aspeqtis mqone qmedeba. es aspeqtebia:
1. pirovnebis afeqturi damokidebuleba konkretuli
moraluri idealebisa da principebisadmi da 2. ideale-
bisa da principebis Sesatyvisad msjelobis/ qmedebis
unari.
mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi miiCneoda, rom pirovne-
ba moraluria im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is kargad asrulebs sa-
zogadoebis mier dadgenil qcevis wesebs an aqvs mora-
lurad gamarTlebuli ganzraxvebi. moraluri qceva
mTlianad ganixileboda afeqtur sferoSi, romelsac Se-
mecnebasTan da unarebTan aranairi kavSiri ar hqonda.
1912 wels germanelma fsiqiatrma maqs veli-sulma
aRmoaCina, rom moraluri damokidebulebebi da Rirebu-
lebebi ver winaswarmetyveleben arasrulwlovanTa dam-
naSaveobas. rodesac man gamokiTxa damnaSave da udanaSa-
ulo axalgazrdebi moparvis Sesaxeb, aRmoCnda, rom

143
orive jgufi msgavsad gmobda moparvas. mogvianebiT, em-
piriulad dadasturda, rom altruistuli damokidebu-
lebebi da ganzraxvebi TiTqmis ar iyo dakavSirebuli
altruistul qcevasTan (Darley &Latane , 1968; Krebs, 1982).
organzomilebiani Teoria aerTianebs samive _ afeq-
tur, kognitur da qceviT aspeqts da ar ganixilavs maT
gancalkevebul komponentebad, romelTa dakvirveba da
gazomvac izolirebulad SeiZleba. moraluri idealebi
warmarTavs moralur qcevas, Tumca imisTvis, rom qceva
iyos moralurad myari, mas sWirdeba ganviTarebuli
msjelobis unarebi. amasTan, am modelis Tanaxmad, mora-
luri principebi da unarebi araa gancalkevebuli erTma-
neTisgan, ubralod isini qcevis 2 sxvadasxva aspeqtia.
radgan ar arsebobda instrumenti, romelic er-
Tdroulad, Tumca gancalkevebulad, gazomavda indivi-
dis moraluri msjelobis unars da mis moralur damo-
kidebulebebs, lindma Seqmna moraluri msjelobis tes-
ti. es testi SesaZlebels xdis individis moralur
principebze dayrdnobiT moraluri problemis mimarT
pro- da kontrargumentebis gansjis unaris Sefasebas,
miuxedavad misi poziciisa ama Tu im konkretul mora-
lur problemasTan dakavSirebiT. amasTan, sxva instru-
mentebis msgavsad, igi zomavs individis damokidebule-
bebs kolbergis eqvsi safexuris mixedviT.

moraluri msjelobis Sesaxeb arsebul uaxles Teo-

riebSi kognicia da ZiriTadi epistemologiuri katego-
riebi (uflebebi, movaleobebi, samarTali, socialuri
wyoba, reciprokuloba) kvlav amosaval wertilad rCeba.
moraluri ganviTarebis sferoSi arsebuli Tanamedrove
kvlevebi ufro metad aqcents individualuri gamocdi-
lebis mniSvnelobaze akeTeben, vidre kulturologiuri
ideologiis gavlenaze, amave dros aRiareben, rom mora-

144
luri msjelobis Sefaseba SesaZlebelia ara mxolod
cvlilebis, aramed ganviTarebis koteqstSi.

Abstract

Natia Mestvirishvili–PhD student of the Faculty of Social and

Political Sciences of TSU.

The following paper represents a review of moral development

models discussed in a chronological order based on empirical and
theoretical literature. It includes moral development theory of Jean
Piaget, Laurence Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, Carol
Gilligan’s gender theory James Rest’s 4 stages component model of
moral George Lind’s Dual-aspect theory of moral behavior and
development, Elliot Turiel’s Domain theory. The review shows that
in the modern theories about moral development starting point
emphasizes cognition and main epistemological categories (duties,
rights, justice, social order, reciprocity) and the studies in the sphere
of moral development are focused rather on the importance of
individual experience, than on the influence of cultural ideology.

gamoyenebulida citirebuli literatura:

1. aruTinovi, b., baliaSvili, m., kekelia, m. - moralu-

ri msjelobis ZiriTadi orientirebi qarTvelebTan
2. Crain, W.C., (1985) Theories of development. Prentice-Hall.
118-136.
3. G. Lind (2008). The meaning and measurement of moral
judgment competence. Published in Fasko, Daniel, Jr. & Willis,
Wayne, ads. Contemporary Philosophical and Psychological
perspectives on moral development and education, pp. 185-220.
Creskill, Hampton press.

145
4. GilliganCarol. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and
Women's Development. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
Press, 1982.
5. Narvaez, D., & Bock, T. (2002). Moral schemas and tacit
judjment or how the defining issues test is supported by
cognitive science. Journal of moral education, Vol.3, No.3, 297-
312.
6. Rest, J., Narvaez, D., Thoma, S., Bebeau M., Murial, J. (2000).
A neo-kolbergian approach to morality research. Journal of
moral education, Vol.29, No.4, 381-395.
7. Rest, J., Narvaez, D., Thoma, S., Bebeau M. (1999). A Neo-
Kohlbergian approach: The DIT and the Schema theory.
Educational psychology review, Vol.11, N0. 4. pp. 291-324
8. www.wikipedia.org.
9. www.tiger.edu

146
 postsabWoTa identoba Savi zRvis auzis
qveynebis diskursSi

nino popiaSvili
humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti,
filologiis doqtori

sabWouri mentaloba da sazogadoebrivi cxovreba

ar icnobda Savi zRvis auzis qveynebis erTiani idento-
bis sakiTxs. iseve rogorc Savi zRvis auzis sxva qveyneb-
Si, sabWoTa saqarTveloSic Zalze cota iyo cnobili Sa-
vi zRvis auzis qveynebisa da im maxlobeli qveynebis Se-
saxeb, romlebTan dakavSirebac Savi zRvis saSualebiT
iyo SesaZlebeli. aseve saqarTvelos, rogorc am auzis
kulturuli nawilis Tavisi adgilis Sesaxeb. saqarTve-
los identobis gansazRvrisaTvis mniSvnelovania Savi
zRvis qveynebis kulturul-istoriuli urTierTobebis
istoria.
civi omis dasrulebis Semdeg, yofili sabWoTa kav-
Siris teritoriaze mcxovrebi erebi Tu eTnikuri jgu-
febi identobis krizisma moicva. am periodidan iwyeba
warsulisken, sakuTari eTnikuri da kulturuli fesve-
bisken mibrunebis Seuqcevadi procesi. urTulesi prob-
lemebis winaSe aRmoCndnen mraval eTnikuri saxelmwifo-
ebi, sadac konfliqturi mexsierebebis formirebam da
istoriis gansxvavebulma interpretaciam eTnopoliti-
kuri dapirispirebebis aRmocenebas Seuwyo xeli. am
mxriv gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva saqarTvelo, sadac pos-
tsabWoTa periodis dasawyisSi warmoqmnili problemebi
dResac gadauWrelia. gamomdinare zemoTqmulidan,
identobis, mexsierebisa da istoriis kompleqsuri kvle-
va prioritetul mniSvnelobas iZens.

147
 Savi zRva, rogorc urTierTobebis istoria da ro-
gorc kulturaTa, religiaTa da erebis Tanamedrove
urTierToba mravalmxriv mniSvnelovania postsabWoTa
identobisaTvis.garda sakuTriv istoriuli urTierTo-
bebisa, aqtualuri gaxda Savi zRvis qveynebis Tanamed-
rove, anu axali da uaxlesi urTierTobebi, rac mniSvne-
lovnad gansxvavdeba warsuli kavSirisagan da qmnis sru-
liad axali tipis urTierTobebis perspeqtivas.
mcire erebis TviTidentifikaciisa da kulturuli
identobisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs am erebis kultu-
rul sivrcesa da kulturul-geografiul garemos. sab-
WoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg yofilma socialisturma
respublikebma arseboba ganagrZes, rogorc damoukide-
belma qveynebma. isini cdilobdnen sakuTari TavisaTvis
da aseve msofliosaTvis daemtkicebinaT is gansakuTre-
buli da gamorCeuli, romliTac es qveynebi erTmaneTi-
sagan uTuod gansxvavdebodnen, magram sabWoTa kavSiris
arsebobis pirobebSi am gansxvavebis demonstrireba Se-
uZlebeli iyo.
garda TviTmyofadobisa da sakuTari gansxvavebu-
lobis Cvenebisa, saWiro gaxda dasavleTTan im istoriu-
li saerTos moZieba da gaxseneba, rac sabWoTa kavSiris
arsebobis wlebSi srulilad miviwyebuli iyo. bunebri-
via, am kuTxiT Savi zRva istoriul-kulturuli iden-
tobis mTavari orientiri gaxda.
aRsaniSnavia, rom Savi zRvis regioni, rogorc er-
Tiani politikuri da ekonomikuri sivrce istoriulad
ar arsebobda, TumcaRa civi omis dasrulebam rasac Se-
degad natosa da evrokavSiris aRmosavleTis mimarTu-
lebis gafarToeba moyva, bunebrivad Seqmna regionuli
TanamSromlobisa da saerTo regionuli identurobis
ganviTarebis aucilebloba.
usafrTxoebis axalma garemom regioni axali rea-
lobis winaSe daayena. terorizmis winaaRmdeg globalu-

148
ri omis dawyebam, kaspiis da centraluri aziis energe-
tikuli resursebis dasavleTisaken gzis gaxsnam, evro-
kavSirisa da natos gafarToebam regions satrazito de-
refnis funqcia SesZina da Savi zRva evropul zRvad ga-
daaqcia. am regionis saSualebiT saqarTvelo axdens
sakuTari evropuli identurobis demonstrirebas daev-
ro-atlantikuri miswrafebebis ganxorcielebas. saqar-
Tvelo aqtiurad monawileobs regionuli TanamSromlo-
bis or ekonomikur formatSi: Savi zRvis ekonomikuri
TanamSromlobis organizacia BSEC (Black Sea economic
Coorperation), demokratiisa da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
organizacia _ suami, (saqarTvelo, ukraina, azerbaijani
da moldova).
1992 wlis 25 ivniss Savi zRvis auzis 11 qveynis: al-
baneTi, somxeTi, azerbaijani, bulgareTi, saqarTvelo,
saberZneTi, moldova, rumineTi, ruseTis federacia,
TurqeTi da ukraina, (serbeTi SeuerTda 2004 wlidan)
saxelmwifo da mTavrobaTa meTaurebma bosforis gan-
cxadebis miRebiTa da stambolis protokolis deklara-
ciis xelmoweriT Seqmnes Savi zRvis ekonomikuri Tanam-
Sromlobis organizacia (BSEC), romelsac safuZvlad
daedo saerTaSoriso samarTlis sxva sayovelTaod aRia-
rebuli principebi, romlebic dafiqsirebulni arian ga-
eros qartiaSi, helsinkis daskvniT aqtSi, evropis usaf-
rTxoebisa da TanamSromlobis organizaciis Tu sxva Se-
sabamis dokumentebSi.
Savi zRvis auzis qveynebis winaSe erTi da imave sa-
xis problemebi dgas: usafrTxoeba, demokratiis konso-
lidacia, liberaluri Rirebulebebis danergva, evro-
atlantikur struqturebSi integracia, rac saWiros
xdis erTobliv Zalisxmevas. magram garda am saerTo in-
teresebisa, arsebobs aseve saerTo kulturuli memkvid-

149
reoba, romlis reaqtivacia cxels Seuwyobs erTiani re-
gionuli sivrcis Camoyalibebas.
postsabWoTa identobisaTvis saqarTvelos, ro-
gorc damoukidebloba mopovebul qveyanas Savi zRvis
regionalur identobas kidev erTi damatebiTi maxasia-
Tebeli da Rirebuleba hqonda. swored Savi zRva gaxda
is kulturul-geografiuli orientiri, romlis mixed-
viTac saqarTvelo. rogorc aRmosavleT evropis qveya-
na, Tavisi kulturuli ganviTarebiT evropuli da zoga-
dad, dasavluri azrovnebis konteqstSi moiazreba.
mniSvnelovani faqtori evropis kavSirSi gasawevri-
aneblad geopolitikuri mdgomareobacaa. saqarTvelo,
rogorc samxreT kavkasiis qveyana, regionalur konteq-
stSi moiazreba, rogorc or mezobel da dapirispire-
bul qveynebs Soris (azerbaijani, somxeTi), umTavresi da
mniSvnelovani partniori. samxreT kavkasiis erTian re-
gionad Camoyalibeba iseTi saxiT, rogorc es moxda bal-
kaneTsa da aRmosavleT evropaSi, TiTqmis warmoudgene-
lia. evropis politikis kvlevis centris mier wamoyene-
buli idea "samxreT kavkasiis sazogadoebis" Camoyalibe-
bis Taobaze praqtikulad ganuxorcielebelia, radgan
saqarTvelos, azerbaijansa da somxeTs sakmaod gansxva-
vebuli politikuri kultura, ganviTarebis sxvadasxva
saxis samoqalaqo sazogadoeba da demokratiulobis ara-
erTgvarovani done gaaCniaT. samxreT kavkasiis qveynebs
aseve mkveTrad gansxvavebuli sagareo politikuri ori-
entacia aqvT aRebuli, rac, Tu ar gamoricxavs, praqti-
kulad SeuZlebels xdis politikuri gaerTianebis Seq-
mnas. Tundac is faqti, rom saqarTvelosgan gansxvave-
biT somxeTi dsT-s Tavdacvis paqtSi Sedis, naTlad aC-
venebs msgavsi gegmis utopiurobas, Tumca, baltiispire-
Tis sam qveyanasa da samxreT kavkasiis sam qveyanas Soris
2005 wels dadebuli megobrobisa da TanamSromlobis

150
xelSekruleba 3+3 axal perspeqtivebs usaxavs saqarTve-
los evrintegraciisaken regionalur WrilSi.
Tanamedrove samyaroSi sruli damoukidebloba
aRar arsebobs. arsebobs damoukideblobisaken swrafva.
sabWoTa kavSiris daSla, masSi Semavali subieqtebis Ta-
visuflebisadmi wyurvilis gamo moxda, magram ara damo-
ukideblobis gansakuTrebuli aucileblobiT. misi daS-
lis procesi swored imis gamo daiwyo, rom sadRac sxva-
gan arsebobdnen sistemebi, romlebmac Tavisuflebis ma-
Rali xarisxis uzrunvelyofa SeZles. maTi gavlena da
maTi mizidulobis Zala bevrad ufro Zlieri aRmoCnda,
vidre is administraciuli sistema, romelic rkinis xe-
liT marTavda aRmosavleT evropisa da aziis kontinen-
tur sivrces.
evropuli integracia TavisTavad akninebs eri-sa-
xelmwifoebis damoukideblobas, maT suverenitets, mag-
ram is amave erebis Tavisuflebis garantiebs qmnis da
icavs.
evropuli integraciis logika uswrebs movlenebs,
drosa da sivrces. misi aucilebeli Sedegi da ualter-
nativo gamosavali evrokavSiris SeuzRudavi gafarToe-
biT evropaSi arsebuli yvela qveynis erT did gaerTia-
nebaSi CarTvaa. es gaerTianeba obieqturi aucileblobaa
axali droisa. kulturuli, saganmanaTleblo, informa-
ciuli sivrcis gaerTianeba win uswrebs qveynebis ekono-
mikuri da politikuri reJimebis harmonizacias, magram
aucileblad aiZulebs maT Seqmnan urTierTmsgavsi sis-
temebi, romlebic avtomaturad gamoiwveven arsebuli
sazRvrebis moSlas da isntitutebs Soris sruli koor-
dinaciis damyarebas, an maT Serwymas.
aseve, aucilebelia imis aRiareba, rom miuxedavad
civi omis dasrulebisa, evraziis kontinentze arseboben
iseTi gansxvavebul ideologiur safuZvlebze agebuli

151
sazogadoebebi, romelTa integracia evropasTan drois
am istoriul monakveTze warmoudgenelia.
evrointegracia mWidro kavSirSia evro-atlanti-
kur integraciasTan, radganac es ukanaskneli swored im
Zireuli faseulobebis dasacavad aris Seqmnili, rome-
lic evropul integracias udevs safuZvlad. am Tval-
sazrisiT, saqarTvelos swrafva, gawevriandes Crdilo-
atlantikur aliansSi, srul TanxvedraSia evrokavSirSi
gawevrianebis albaT ufro Soreul, magram kidev ufro
mniSvnelovan mizanTan.
saqarTvelosa da evrokavSiris urTierTobis daxa-
siaTeba dReisaTvis SeiZleba mxolod am konteqstSi:
uaxlovdeba qveyana Tu ara evropis kavSirs.
verc saqarTvelo, verc sxva patara an Tundac didi
qveyana ver moaxerxebs iseTi ekonomikuri an politiku-
ri modeliT ganviTarebas, romelic winaaRmdegobaSi mo-
va damkvidrebul evropul faseulobebTan. miT umetes,
is ver moaxerxebs aseT SemTxvevaSi mdgradi, stabiluri
ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofas, radganac, evropuli in-
tegraciis procesSi monawileobas Tavisi wesebi gaaCnia.
daaxloeba evropis kavSirTan moiTxovs qveynis iseT
transformacias, romelic evropasTan erTgvarovan re-
JimSi funqcionirebas uzrunvelyofs.

damoukideblobamopovebuli yofili sabWoTa soci-

alisturi da demokratiuli qveynebisaTvis Savi zRvis
auzis regioni iqca Tanabaruflebiani, srulmniSvnelo-
vani qveynebis urTierTobebis arealad.

gamoyenebuli da citirebuli literatura:

152
1. saqarTvelos Savi zRvis politika _ Savi zRvis iden-
turobis Camoyalibeba; Policy Paper Series, Number 4,
2008. Public Policy Knowledge Network;
2. http://irdb.ge/?p=672
3. evrokavSiri da saqarTvelo, SeTanxmeba partnioro-
bisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb, Tb., 1996
4. s. kapanaZe, saqarTvelos da evrokavSiris daaxloebis
perspeqtivebi, Tb., 2004
5. evrointegracia da saqarTvelo, Tb., 2003
6. k. gogolaSvili, evrokavSiris gafarToeba globali-
zaciis pirobebSi, Tb., 2003
7. evropis konstitucia, Tb., 2004
8. evropis samezoblo politika, Tb., 2004
9. evrokavSiris moRvaweoba, Tb., 2003

Nino Popiashvili

Post-Soviet Identity
in the Discourse of the Black Sea Pool Countries

Abstract

The Soviet mentality and public life was not known by

concepts of uniform identity of the Black Sea Pool countries. At the
same time, in Georgia as well as in other countries of the Pool, very
little was known about the nearest states, located at the coast of the
Black Sea; so little was known about a place of the Georgia as to a
cultural part of this space. However, for definition of identity of
Georgia the history of mutual cultural relations between the
countries, located in the Black Sea Pool has great value.

153
 The Black Sea as a history of mutual relations and modern
cultural, religious and national communications is a subject of
interest from the point of view of Post-Soviet identity. Except
historical interrelations, urgency has brought modern - new and the
newest - communications essentially differing from the former
communications and creating prospect of development of mutual
relations of absolutely new type.
For self-identification and cultural identity of the small nation
the cultural-geographical space and an environment, in which these
people live has a special value. After disintegration of the Soviet
Union the former socialist republics have continued the history as the
independent states. They tried to prove to the world that they were
special and original, differed from each other and were unable to
reveal their individuality in the conditions of existence of the USSR.
Except revealing the originality, it was also necessary to
underline that historical similarities existed, which connected these
countries with the West but in the conditions of a life in the Soviet
Union they were absolutely forgotten. It`s natural, that from this
point of view the Black Sea became the main reference point of
cultural-historical identity.
In a Post-Soviet reality independent Georgia had one more
additional characteristic line and value for regional identity of the
Black Sea Pool countries. The Black Sea became the cultural-
geographical reference point, following which Georgia as the East
European state, is perceived by the cultural development in a context
as European and in general, as the part of Western thinking.
For the former Soviet Socialist countries, as well as for other
democratic countries, the Black Sea Region is considered as the area
of interrelation of the countries of equal rights and importance.

154
 istoriis saxelmZRvanelo da eTnikuri
umciresobebi: problemebi da perspeqtivebi

Tamar qaraia
Tsu-s socialur da politikur
mecnierebaTa fakulteti, politikur mecnierebaTa
mimarTuleba, doqtoranti.

saqarTvelo mravaleTnikuri qveyanaa. romlis daax-

loebiT 13%-Tvis qarTuli mSobliur enas ar warmoad-
gens. rac warmoSobs uamrav problemas, romelTa didi
nawili sazogadoebaSi integraciasTan da ganaTlebis
problemasTan aris dakavSirebuli. amis safuZvlebi Se-
iZleba uaxloes warsulSi veZioT, rodesac saqarTvelo-
Si iseve rogorc mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi ZiriTad saur-
TierTobo enas rusuli warmoadgenda da saxelmwifo
enis codna prioritetuli aRar iyo, rac rusulenovan
skolebSi eTnikuri umciresobis warmomadgenelTa Tav-
moyras ganapirobebda. Sesabamisad rusuli enis codna
eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebs aZlevda sa-
zogadoebasTan integraciis da karieruli winsvlis sa-
Sualebas.
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg am mxriv gansakuT-
rebul rTul viTarebaSi im eTnikuri umciresobebis
warmomadgenlebi aRmoCndnen, romlebic sasazRvro rai-
onebSi kompaqturad iyvnen Casaxlebulni. umTavresad
eseni arian samcxe-javaxeTSi mcxovrebi somxebi da qvemo
qarTlSi mcxovrebi azerbaijanelebi. rusulma enam Tan-
daTan dakarga sakomunikacio enis funqcia, Sesabamisad
rusuli enis swavlis motivacia garkveulwilad Canac-
vlebul iqna qarTuli eniT, magram problemebi am mimar-
TulebiT jer kidev didia.
“saqarTvelos kanonis zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb”
Tanaxmad saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs, romelTaTvisac qar-
Tuli ena ar aris mSobliuri ufleba aqvT miiRon sruli

155
zogadi ganaTleba maT mSobliur enaze, erovnuli saswav-
lo gegmis Sesabamisad kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT.
amasTanave 2011 wlidan ZalaSi Sedis Sesworeba, romlis
Tanaxmad araqarTulenovan skolebSi sxvadasxva sazoga-
doebrivi mecnierebebis, maT Soris saqarTvelos istori-
isa da geografiis gakveTilebis qarTul enaze warmarTva
savaldebulo xdeba.1
magram qarTuli enis codnis im donis gaTvaliswi-
nebT rasac moswavleebi avlenen, aSkaraa, rom am debu-
lebis ganxorcieleba siZneleebis winaSe dadgeba.2 ara-
qarTulenovan sajaro skolebis moswavleTa raodenoba
ar aris umniSvnelo da 2008 wlis monacemebiT moswavle-
                                                            
1
eTnikuri da lingvisturi mravalferovnebis pirobebSi sa-
qarTvelos mTavroba pasuxismgeblobas iRebs iseTi erTiani
politikis gatarebaze, romelic xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelos
yvela moqalaqis integracias qveynis ekonomikur, politikur
da kulturul cxovrebaSi... erovnul umciresobaTa integra-
ciisTvis saWiroa saxelmwifo enis codna da maTi lingvistu-
ri da kulturuli identobis dacva.
qarTuli enis programa, Tbilisi
2009.http://www.diversity.ge/files/files/georg-lang-geo-2009.pdf
Cveni mizania, SevunarCunoT istoriuli samSoblos ena eTni-
kur umciresobebs, ar vapirebT maTi mSobliuri enis qarTu-
liT Canacvlebas, gvinda maT qarTuli saxelmwifo ena sakomu-
nikacio saSualebad SevaswavloT. amis Semdeg es mosaxleo-
ba SeZlebs TviTrealizacias. saqarTvelos parlamentis ga-
naTlebis, mecnierebis, kulturis da sportis komitetis
sxdomis oqmi #93 2007.06.28
2
erovnul umciresobaTa mier qarTuli enis codnis done

erovnuli Tbilisi samcxe-ja- qvemo qarTli

umciresoba vaxeTi
somexi 96.4% 24.6% ------
azerbaijaneli 95.6% ------ 16.9%

“National Integration and Tolerance in Georgia Assessment Survey Report”

(October 2008),გვ. 36
http://www.una.ge/eng/artdetail.php?id=74&group=documents

156
Ta saerTo raodenobis 8.79 %-s Seadgens.
qarTuli enis arcodnasTan pirdapir kavSirSia is-
toriis swavlebis problema, radganac saxelmwifo stan-
dartebiT dadgenili wignebiT, romlebic rogorc wesi
qarTul enazea, swavlebas gamoricxavs.
aseve ganvixilavT meoresakiTxs, romelic Tavad sa-
xelmZRvaneloebis Sinaarss exeba, kerZod Tu rogor
arian umciresobebi warmoCenilni am saxelmZRvaneloeb-
Si, da rogoria Tavad maTi damokidebuleba qarTuli
saskolo wignebisadmi.
cnobilia, rom 2007 wlamde samcxe-javaxeTsa da
qvemo qarTlSi gamoyeneboda Sesabamisad somxeTidan da
azerbaijanidan Semotanili saxelmZRvaneloebi, xolo
ukve 2007 wlidan umciresobaTa enaze naTargmni saxel-
mZRvaneloebis gamoyeneba gaxda savaldebulo. magram
amiT problema ar gadaWrila, radganac saxelmZRvane-
loebi adrec iTargmneboda, magram isini mezobeli sa-
xelmwifoebidan Semotanili wignebis Canacvlebas ver
axdenda.
dResdReobiT zemoTaRniSnul problemas sazoga-
doebaSi arsebuli saxelmwifos saganmanaTleblo poli-
tikisadmi negatiuri ganwyobilebac emateba, rac Ziri-
Tadad wignebis Semotanis akrZalviT da saswavlo kuri-
kulumis prioritetebiT aris ganpirobebuli.
magaliTad: javaxeTis somxuri mosaxleoba miiCnevs,
rom erevnidan saxelmZRvaneloebis Semotanis SezRud-
viT, Tbilisi cdilobs regionSi somxeTis istoriis
swavlebas xeli SeuSalos. saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sami-
nistros saswavlo gegmis Tanaxmad somxeTis istoria fa-
kultaturia da arasavaldebulo. amas somxeTis istori-
is maswavlebelTa mcire raodenoba emateba, magram maTi
TqmiT mTavari problemaa saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sami-
nistros gadawyvetileba romlis mixedviTac, mezobeli
qveynidan somxeTis istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebis saqar-
Tvelos teritoriaze Semotana SeizRuda, ris gamoc am

157
sagnis swavleba kidev ufro garTulda.1
10 wlis ganmavlobaSi javaxeTis skolebs sxvadasxva
sagnebis saxelmZRvaneloebs somxuri mxare saCuqrad ug-
zavnida. rogorc saqarTvelos ganaTlebis saministroSi
acxadeben, 2004 wels mxareebi sityvierad SeTanxmdnen,
rom somxur mxares javaxeTSi somxeTis istoriis da ge-
ografiis saxelmZRvaneloebi ar unda Semoetana, magram
oficialuri erevani am SeTanxmebas sistematiurad ar-
Rvevda. dawesebuli SezRudvis miuxedavad, somxeT-sa-
qarTvelos sazRvars wignebiT datvirTuli manqanebi up-
roblemod kveTdnen, manam sanam saqarTvelos mTavrobam
saxelmZRvaneloebiT datvirTuli manqana 2007 wels
ukan ar miabruna, im motiviT, rom somxeTis istoriis
saxelmZRvaneloebis saqarTvelos teritoriaze Semo-
tana sanqcirebuli ar aris.
igive ganmeorda 2008 wels. aRniSnulTan dakavSire-
biT saqarTvelos pozicia Semdegnairia, rom “somxeTis
istoriis” saqarTvelos teritoriaze Semotana akrZa-
lulia Tavad am wignis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, is sam-
cxe javaxeTis mosaxleobaSi separatistul ganwyobile-
bis zrdas uwyobs xels, rac Tavis mxriv xels uSlis sa-
qarTveloSi mcxovrebi somxebis sazogadoebasTan integ-
racias.
ZiriTad problemas is warmoadgens, rom saqarTve-
los teritoriaze Semotanili “somxeTis istoriis” sa-
xelmZRvaneloebi Seqmnilia somexi istorikosebis, mier
da asaxavs qarTuli istoriografiisgan gansxvavebul,
xSir SemTxvevaSi masTan dapirispirebul da Sesabamisad
miuRebel narativs.
gansxvavebuli versiebis saxiT SeiZleba moviyvanoT
erTi magaliTi, somxeTis istoriis me-8 klasis saxel-
                                                            
1
erTi samSoblos ori istoria. 29.05. 2009.
http://liberali.ge/node/61

158
mZRvaneloSi samcxe-javaxeTSi mcxovrebi moswavleebi
kiTxuloben, rom maTi mSobliuri mxare 1918 wels som-
xeTis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda da rom saqarTvelom ga-
dawyvita es regioni Tavis sazRvrebSi moeqcia, ris ga-
moc daiwyo omi erevanTan.1
xolo saqarTvelos istoriis me-9 klasis saxel-
mZRvaneloSi waikiTxaven, rom 1918 wels saqarTvelos-
Tan omi somxeTma imitom daiwyo, rom saqarTvelos te-
ritoriis nawili _ javaxeTimieTvisebina.
zemoTTqmuls emateba somexi istorikosebis bral-
deba saqarTvelos mTavrobis misamarTiT, rom es ukanas-
kneli axorcielebs, javaxeTSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis
asimilaciis politikas daamaxinjebs istorias.
80-iani wlebis bolos, roca javaxeTSi nacionaluri
moZraobis talRa agorda, somxeTis istoriis swavleba
erT-erTi mTavari moTxovna iyo. maSin bevrma adgilob-
                                                            
1
Tumca mkvlevarTa nawili (ZiriTadad somexi erovnebis) miu-
TiTebs somxeTis istoriaSi saqarTvelos rolis neitralur
an dadebiT xasiaTze. magaliTad xazgasmulia, rom me-V sauku-
neSi kavkasia da albaneTi iyvnen somxeTis mokavSireebi sasani-
duri iranis winaaRmdeg. interesTa Tanxvedris idea qarTve-
lebsa da somxebs Soris Semdegac viTardeba arabi bizantieli
da selCuki dampyroblebis winaaRmdeg. viTareba icvleba XX
saukunis movlenebis aRwerisas. Tumca “somxeT saqarTvelos
omis” nacvlad neitraluri termini “somxur-qarTuli dapi-
rispireba gamoiyeneba”. (История Армении в контексте мировои
истории 10-ыи класс) xolo meore saxelmZRvaneloSi saubaria
mxareTa dapirispirebaze loresa da javaxeTis teritoriis
gamo: “1918 wlis dekemberSi brZola loresaTvis gadaizarda
somxur-qarTul omSi, romelic dasrulda somexi samxedroe-
bis mier teritoriis dakavebiT, xolo axalqalaqis olqi (ja-
vaxeTi/javaxki) SeierTa saqarTvelom (История Армиян для 8-
ого класса)
Золян.М Закарян. Т. Образы себя и образы других в учебниках
истории АрменииkrebulSiСовременние уебники истории на Южном
Кавказе под ред. Л. Веселого 2009 Assosiation for International Affairs.

159
rivma skolam es sagani sakuTari iniciativiT Seitana
saswavlo programaSi. javaxeTSi somxeTis istoriis swav-
lebas Tavad erevanSi politikur Temad ganixilaven, am
sakiTxis garSemo warmoqmnil problemebs ki, oficialu-
ri Tbilisis mxridan adgilobrivi somxebis Seviwroebad.
"Tbilisi javaxeTSi Zalian ucnaur politikas ata-
rebs, romlis mizani somexi mosaxleobis asimilaciaa...
saqarTvelos xelisufleba somxur skolebs sTavazobs
wignebs, sadac istoria sruliad damaxinjebulia. some-
xi axalgazrdebi am saxelmZRvaneloSi kiTxuloben, rom
Turme yarabaRi, siuniki, lori _ somxuri teritoriebi-
araris..." _ (sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis kavSiris"
erkiris" xelmZRvaneli robert TaTosiani).1
mosaxleobis ganwyoba istoriis swavlebisadmi SeiZ-
leba iTqvas erTgvarovania da miuTiTebs, rom maTi is-
toriuli samSoblos istoria iseve mniSvnelovania da
Tanasworia maTTvis, rogorc saqarTvelos istoria da
msoflios istoria.2
saqarTvelos ganaTlebis saministroSi acxadeben,
rom somxur skolebSi ufleba aqvT iswavlon “somxeTis
istoria”, rogorc fakultaturi sagani. magram saxel-
mZRvaneloebis deficitis problemasa da ori qveeynis
istoriis wignebSi gansxvavebuli narativis arsebobis
problemaze realurad aravin muSaobs.
rogorc erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis
centris yofilma xelmZRvanelma simon janaSiam ganacxa-
da, ganaTlebis saministrom orjer scada istoriis sa-
xelmZRvaneloebSi Sinaarsobrivi winaaRmdegobebis pro-
                                                            
1
erTi samSoblos ori istoria. 29.05. 2009.
http://liberali.ge/node/61
2
GundareI. 2007, The Teaching of History in Georgia. With special focus on
the Armenian and Azeri Minorities and their representation in Georgian
history textbooks, History Teaching in Georgia: representation of Minorities
in Georgian history textbooks. Geneva. Cimera , pp. 50

160
blemis gadaWra, Tumca, orive cda uSedegod dasrulda.
ramdenime wlis win ganaTlebis saministrom saqar-
Tvelos mecnierebaTa akademias specialuri komisiis
Seqmna SesTavaza. komisiis farglebSi qarTvel da somex
istorikosebs erTad unda emuSavaT da sadavo istori-
ul movlenebze saerTo pozicia CamoeyalibebinaT. xuTi
qarTveli istorikosisgan dakompleqtebuli komisia
Sedga. Tumca, es iniciativa maleve da uSedegod das-
rulda ise, rom qarTveli istorikosebi somex kolegebs
ar cSexvedrian.
miuxedavad amisa saqarTvelos ganaTlebis saminis-
tro kidev erTi iniciativiT gamovida: somxeTis ganaT-
lebis uwyebas Tan erTad unda Seqmniliyo somxeTis is-
toriis erToblivi saxelmZRvanelo, sadac ama Tu im sa-
davo istoriuli movlenis yvela versia moxvdeboda,
magram aRniSnulma sakiTxma somxuri mxaris dainterese-
ba ar gamoiwvia.
erevanSi ki piriqiT, saubaria qarTuli mxaris mier
interesis arqonaze gadaWriliyo aRniSnuli sakiTxi1.
daaxloebiT msgavsi situaciaa qvemo qarTlSi
azerbaijanis istoriis swavlebasTan mimarTebaSi. azer-
baijanuli narativi, msgavsad somxurisa miuRebelia
qarTveli istorikosebisaTvis.2
                                                            
1
"uars namdvilad ar vityodiT, yovel SemTxvevaSi, davsxdebo-
diT da am sakiTxze vimsjelebdiT mainc", _ somxeTis ganaTle-
bis saministros diasporasTan urTierTobis saqmeTa departa-
mentis xelmZRvaneli nunevardaniani.
erTi samSoblos ori istoria. 29.05. 2009.
http://liberali.ge/node/61
2
j. samuSias komentari: “azerbaijani, rogorc saxelmwifo da
qveyana, imdros arc arsebobda. es ar aris azerbaijanis isto-
ria. wignSi mocemulia iranis, mahmadianuri saamiroebis, alba-
neTis, Sirvanis, nawilobriv saqarTvelos istoria da yoveli-
ve es Sekrulia azerbaijanis istoriis qargis qveS”.

161
 magaliTad merve klasis azerbaijanis istoriis sa-
xelmZRvanelo imiT iwyeba, Tu rogor cdilobdnen qar-
Tvelebi azerbaijanis dapyrobas. amonaridi azerbaija-
nidan Semotanili istoriis saxelmZRvanelodan:
• "qarTvelma da somexma feodalebma bizantiis -
SuamavlobiT Turq-selCukebTan sabrZolvelad jvaros-
nebTan daamyares kavSiri. amiT cdilobdnen, kavkasiidan-
gaeZevebinaT muslimanuri faqtori da daenawilebinaT
azerbaijanuli miwebi;
• 1120 wels daviT meoTxe Tavs daesxa Sirvans, gaa-
camtvera qalaqi gabala da, misi Semogareni, waiRo azerba-
ijanis simdidre da wavida;
• 1122 wels Tbilisi qarTvelebis xelSi gadavida.
1166 wels qarTvelTa jarebi Tavs daesxnen qalaq da-
bils, romelic im dros eldenizebis saxelmwifos ekuT-
vnoda. mokles 10 aTasi kaci, bavSvebi da qalebi gaaSiS-
vles da tyved waiyvanes. mxolod qarTveli qalebis
protestis Semdeg daubrunes maT samosi;
• tiflisi aranis (dRevandeli azerbaijanis nawi-
lia) qalaqi iyo. marTalia, bardasa da derbentze patara
iyo, magram qalaqi yvaoda da umdidresi iyo";1
zemoTaRniSnuli faqtebi mowmobs, rom istoriis
somxuri da azerbaijanuli saxelmRvaneloebi nacvlad
saqarTvelos moqalaqisa, SesaZloa potenciuri “mtris”
aRzrdis xelSemwyobi faqtori aRmoCndes.
                                                                                                                              
http://www.ambebi.ge/sazogadoeba/7550-qsheni-qveynis-dedaqalaqs-
istoriis-sakhelmdzghvaneloshi-azerbaijanul-qalaqad-gickhadeben-da-es-ar-
gatsukhebsq.html#ixzz0lop8Tqyp
1
Seni qveynis dedaqalaqs istoriis saxelmZRvaneloSi azerba-
ijanul qalaqad gicxadeben da es ar gawuxebs? 20-07-
2009http://www.ambebi.ge/sazogadoeba/7550-qsheni-qveynis-dedaqalaqs-
istoriis-sakhelmdzghvaneloshi-azerbaijanul-qalaqad-gickhadeben-da-es-ar-
gatsukhebsq.html

162
 Tavad qarTuli saxelmZRvaneloebis somxurad da
azerbaijanulad Targmnas 2007 wlamde sorosis fondi
afinansebda, xolo Semdeg es saqmianoba bankma” respub-
likam” da holdingma “saqarTvelos industriuli jgu-
fi” gagrZela. saboloo jamSi dagegmili iyo 21 saxel-
mZRvanelos Targmna.
magram aRmoCnda, rom miRebuli Targmani veRar ak-
mayofilebda moTxovnil dones, rasac beWdvis Sedegad
daSvebuli xarvezebi da Tan saxelmZRvaneloebis Zvi-
radRirebuleba emateboda1, Sedegad maRalfasian qar-
Tul istoriis wignebs baqodan da erevnidan Semotanili
ufaso saxelmZRvaneloebiT anacvleben. magaliTad aseve
moxda samcxe javaxeTSi, rodesac gamomcemloba “inte-
leqtis” mier somxur enaze naTargmn da daibeWdil kote
anTaZis me-6 klasis “Zveli msoflio istoriis saxel-
mZRvanelo” realizacia saerTod ver moxerxda, misi
somxuri alternativis ufasod dargebis gamo.2
rac Seexeba uSualod qarTul saxelmZRvaneloebSi
eTnikuri umciresobebis warmoCenas. istoriis swavlebis
axali midgomis Tanaxmad saqarTvelos istoriis axal sa-
xelmZRvaneloebSi saqarTvelos istoria ganxilulia m-
soflio istoriis konteqstSi, ramac “simeras” monaceme-
biT Tavad saqarTvelos istorias miayena zarali, radga-
nac “me -7 klasis saxelmZRvaneloSi, romlis moculoba
daaxloebiT 350 gverdia saqarTvelos istorias uZvelesi
droidan me-18 saukunemde, mxolod 20 gverdi eTmoba”3.

                                                            
1
azerbaijanul skolebSi pedagogebi azerbaijanidan Semotani-
li saxelmZRvaneloebiT aswavlian
http://www.cida.ge/media/geo/reginfo.php?id=3019
2
paiWaZe. d. saSualo skolebis saxelmZRvaneloebis gamoce-
masa da realizaciasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, radio ”Ta-
visuflebis” rubrika ”meaTe studia”
http://www.tavisupleba.org/content/article/1522665.html
3
Gigineishvili L. 2007. Post Reform History text-books in Georgia:
Changing patterns and the issue of minorities in Georgian history, History

163
 amasTanave qarTul saxelmZRvaneloebze saubrisas
erTxmad miuTiTeben mis eTnocentristul xasiaTze da
rom es saxelmZRvaneloebi mxolod eTnikurad qarTve-
lebisTvis iwereba da im pirTa xsenebisas, romelTac
garkveuli roli Seasrules saqarTvelos istoriaSi, ma-
galiTad zaqaria da ivane mxargrZelebi, romlebic qur-
Tuli (sxva versiiT somxuri) warmoSobisani iyvnen, ar a-
ris aRniSnuli maTi araqarTuli warmomavloba.
Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom aris konkretul sa-
xelmZRvaneloebi sadac gansxvavebuli suraTia. magali-
Tad: me-10 klasis saxelmZRvaneloSi (p. ramiSvili) xaz-
gasmulia, saqarTvelos erT-erT udidesi mefis daviT IV
aRmaSeneblis colebis araqarTuli warmomavloba.1
Sesabamisad, rogorc organizacia “simeras” mier gan-
xorcielebuli proeqtis daskvniT nawilSia saubari, sa-
qarTvelos istoriis axali saxelmZRvaneloebiT eTniku-
ri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebi iswavlian kosmopoli-
tur msoflio istorias, Sesabamisad nakleb saqarTvelos
istorias, romelSiac maTi wvlili TiTqmis, ar aris asa-
xuli an ukeTes SemTxvevaSi gakvriT exeba da romelTanac
sakuTari Tavis identificirebas Znelad Tu moaxdenen.
Tavis mxriv somxeTi da azerbaijani, miuxedavad
imisa, rom saxelmZRvaneloebis Semotana saqarTvelos
teritoriaze akrZalulia aqtiurad ewevian istoriis
sakuTari versiis propagandas.
magaliTad: samcxe-javaxeTSi, yoveli wlis 28 maiss
somxeTis damoukideblobis dResTan dakavSirebiT ewyo-
ba somxeTis istoriis olimpiada, romelSic gamarjvebu-

                                                                                                                              
Teaching in Georgia: representation of Minorities in Georgian history
textbooks. Geneva. Cimera , pp. 12
1
GundareI. 2007, The Teaching of History in Georgia. With special focus on
the Armenian and Azeri
Minorities and their representation in Georgian history textbooks, History
Teaching in Georgia: representation of Minorities in Georgian history
textbooks. Geneva. Cimera , pp. 47

164
li erevnis saxelmwifo universitetSi istoriis fakul-
tetze ufasod iswavlis, xolo azerbaijanis sazRvris-
pira soflebSi magaliTad vaxtangisSi yoveldRe gadmo-
dian azerbaijaneli maswavleblebi da bavSvebs azerbai-
janis istoriasa da geografias ufasod aswavlian1.
mocemuli problemis gadasaWrelad garda saxel-
mZRvaneloebis Sinaarsis gadaxedvisa, SesaZloa aranak-
leb efeqturi aRmoCndes istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebis
qarTuli versiis Tu ufasod ara SeRavaTian fasebSi ma-
inc darigeba, (sawyis etapze mainc) raTa istoriis qar-
Tulma wignebma konkurencia gauwios azerbaijanul da
somxur alternativebs, romelic miuxedavad akrZalvisa
dResac Semodis saqarTvelos teritoriaze.
garda amisa sasurvelia saxelmZRvaneloebis Sinaar-
sSi aisaxos, rom saqarTveloSi garda qarTvelebisa ase-
ve cxovrobdnen sxva eTnosis warmomadgenlebi da rom
maT garda uaryofiTisa dadebiTi wvlilic Seitanes
qveynis ganviTarebaSi. msgavsi damokidebuleba xels Se-
uwyobs eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebis sazo-
gadoebaSi integracias da saqarTvelos sruluflebian
moqalaqed aRqmas.
saqarTvelos mier arCeul demokratiis mSeneblo-
bisTvis erT-erT xelSemwyob faqtorad samoqalaqo
identobis ganviTareba gvesaxeba, romelic erTiani, sa-
xelmwifoebrivi cnobierebis Camoyalibebas gulisxmobs.
aRniSnulis CamoyalibebisTvis ki aucilebelia saganma-
naTleblo politikis im kuTxiT mimarTva, rom saqar-
Tvelos teritoriaze arsebul skolebSi izrdebodes
ara qarTveli, somexi an azerbaijaneli armed saqarTve-
los moqalaqe.
                                                            
1
Seni qveynis dedaqalaqs istoriis saxelmZRvaneloSi azerbai-
janul qalaqad gicxadeben da es ar gawuxebs? 20-07-
2009http://www.ambebi.ge/sazogadoeba/7550-qsheni-qveynis-dedaqalaqs-
istoriis-sakhelmdzghvaneloshi-azerbaijanul-qalaqad-gickhadeben-da-es-ar-
gatsukhebsq.html

165
 Abstract

Tamar Karaia – PhD Student of the Faculty of Social and

Political Sciences of TSU.
The problem of teaching history to national minorities

Georgia is a multiethnic country and for about 13% of the

population Georgian is not a native language. This fact couses
multiple problems, the great majority of which are connected with
the integration in society and the problem of education. The causes
of the issue could be found in the recent past. In Georgia, as well as
in the whole USSR the main language of communication was
Russian and the learning of the national language was not a priority.
Consequently the knowledge of the Russian language was an
opportunity to the national minorities for the social integration.
The problem of teaching history is directly connected with the
fact of not knowing the Georgian language as the textbooks approved
by the state are in Georgian and cannot be used for national
minorities as usual. ( but from the 2010 the amendment will enter
into force which will make mandatory to learn various sciences,
among them Georgian history and Geography, in Georgian.)
It is known that before 2007 in Samtskhe-javakheti and Shida
Qartli the textbooks from Armenia and Azerbaijan respectively were
used. From 2007 it became mandatory to use translated versions of
the books for the national minorities.
In the research, besides the content of the textbooks we also
present the attitudes of the representatives of the national minorities
towards the Georgian textbooks.

gamoyenebuli da citirebuli literatura:

1. azerbaijanul skolebSi pedagogebi azerbaijanidan

Semotanili saxelmZRvaneloebiT aswavlian

166
 http://www.cida.ge/media/geo/reginfo.php?id=3019
2. bTkk _ politikis kvlevis jgufi. 2008, eTnikuri
umciresobebis samoqalaqo integraciis politikis
analizi
3. uitli j. 2009, saqarTveloSi samcxe-javaxeTisa da
qvemo qarTlis regionebSi mcxovrebi erovnuli
umciresobebis integracia; mixeil saakaSvilis pre-
zidentobis xuTi weliwadiECMI-s samuSao moxsene-
ba #44
4. mexuzla s. roSe e. 2009, ganaTlebis reforma da
eTnikuri umciresobebi. ECMI-s samuSao moxseneba
#46
5. saqarTvelos parlamentis ganaTlebis, mecnierebis,
kulturis da sportis komitetis sxdomis oqmi #93
2007.06.28
6. Seni qveynis dedaqalaqs istoriis saxelmZRvanelo-
Si azerbaijanul qalaqad gicxadeben da es ar gawu-
xebs? 20-07-2009
http://www.ambebi.ge/sazogadoeba/7550-qsheni-qveynis-
dedaqalaqs-istoriis-sakhelmdzghvaneloshi-azerbaijanul-
qalaqad-gickhadeben-da-es-ar-gatsukhebsq.html
7. paiWaZe. d. 09.08. 2002.saSualo skolebis saxel-
mZRvaneloebis gamocemasa da realizaciasTan da-
kavSirebuli sakiTxebi, radio ”Tavisuflebis”
rubrika ”meaTe studia”
http://www.tavisupleba.org/content/article/1522665.html
8. Gigineishvili L. 2007. Post Reform History text-books in
Georgia: Changing patterns and the issue of minorities in
Georgian history, History Teaching in Georgia: representation
of Minorities in Georgian history textbooks. Geneva. Cimera
9. Gundare I. 2007. The Teaching of History in Georgia. With
special focus on the Armenian and Azeri Minorities and their
representation in Georgian history textbooks, History
Teaching in Georgia: representation of Minorities in Georgian
history textbooks. Geneva. Cimera
167
 politikuri integracia evrokavSirSi

gizo WeliZe
socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa
fakultetis, saerTaSoriso urTierTobis
mimarTuleba, doqtoranti

`bolo naxevari saukunis manZilze evropuli integ-

racia iyo problematuri, Tumca warmatebuli.”
andres malamudi (10. gv.4)

Sesavali

bolo 60 wlis manZilze msoflio Tvals adevnebs

evropis kontinentze regionuli integraciis unikalur
SemTxvevas _ evrokavSiris Camoyalibebas. saxelmwifoTa
koleqtiuri TanamSromlobis mravali magaliTi arse-
bobs. ufro metic, dReisaTvis moqmed gavlenian saerTa-
Soriso organizaciaTa didi nawili daaxloebiT erT pe-
riodSi Seiqmna da ganviTarda, Tumca evrokavSiri Tavi-
si bunebiT yvelasgan gansxvavdeba. vfiqrobT, evrokavSi-
ris unikalurobas integraciis miseuli modeli da yve-
lasgan gamorCeuli zeerovnuli (supranacionaluri)
mmarTvelobis forma ganapirobebs.
1951 wels eqvsma qveyanam TanamSromloba qvanaxSi-
ris mopovebisa da foladis warmoebis sferoSi daiwyo,
dRes ki 27 wevramde gazrdili kavSiri ekonomikis TiT-
qmis yvela mimarTulebas aerTianebs: saerTo soflis me-
urneoba, TevzWera, sabaJo kontroli, sagareo da saSi-
nao vaWroba, erTiani bazari, erTiani valuta da sxva.
amdenad samarTlianad SeiZleba vuwodoT evrokavSirs
”ekonomikuri goliaTi”. magram, ekonomikuri TanamSrom-
lobis gaRrmavebis paralelurad, ramdenad mimdinare-
obs politikuri integracia evrokavSirSi da Tu mimdi-

168
nareobs ganviTarebis ra dones aRwevs is dReisaTvis?
swored am kiTxvaze gvsurs gavceT pasuxi winamdebare
naSromSi.
migvaCnia, rom politikuri integracia evrokavSir-
Si misi Seqmnis dRidan daiwyo da mravali winaaRmdego-
bisa da dabrkolebis miuxedavad dRemde grZeldeba. Se-
iZleba iTqvas, rom 1992 wels, maastrixtis xelSekrule-
bis miRebis Semdeg, wevrma saxelmwifoebma politikis
sferoSi TavianTi suverenuli uflebebis evropuli in-
stitutebisadmi delegireba oficialurad daiwyes. ma-
astrixts mohyva amsterdamisa da nicis xelSekrulebebi,
aseve arSemdgari evropis konstituciis proeqti da bo-
los, lisabonis xelSekruleba. lisabonis xelSekrule-
bas sareformo xelSekrulebasac uwodeben, radgan igi
mniSvnelovnad cvlis evrokavSirSi aqamde arsebul in-
stituciur wyobas da kavSiri integraciis axal safe-
xurze gadahyavs.
miuxedavad imisa, rom evrokavSiri integraciis
warmatebul modelad vaRiareT, es ar niSnavs, rom ev-
ropuli erTobis Camoyalibeba dasrulebulad migvaCnia.
piriqiT, TemaSi naTlad warmovaCenT evrokavSirs, ro-
gorc Camoyalibebis procesSi myof saxelmwifoTa gaer-
Tianebas. Tumca mecnierTa nawils, romlebic dausru-
lebel kavSirze akeTeben aqcents, imaSi ver daveTanxme-
biT, rom evropaSi politikuri erTobis Camoyalibeba
mxolod warumatebeli mcdelobaa.
gvsurs, Tavidan aviciloT evrokavSiris mimarT
zedmetad idealisturi Tu subieqturi midgoma. Sesaba-
misad vecdebiT, umetesad vaCvenoT ara is, Tu rogori
SeiZleba an unda yofiliyo evrokavSiri, an rogori iq-
neba momavalSi, aramed yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT imaze,
ganviTrebis ra etapzea is dReisaTvis. Tumca procesis
dinamiurobis naTlad warmosaCenad warsul gamocdile-
basac SevexebiT. amdenad, Cveni upirvelesi samiznea in-

169
tegraciis dRevandeli dinamika da misi Tanxvedra Temis
mTavar TezasTan.

Temis mTavari Tezisi

Cven vamtkicebT, rom ekonomikuri integraciis gar-

Rmavebis Sedegad, evrokavSiris wevr saxelmwifoebs So-
ris ukve daiwyo TanamSromloba politikuri mimarTu-
lebiT. anu, rogorc neofunqcionaluri Teoriis fuZem-
deblebi varaudobdnen, ekonomikuri integracia poli-
tikur integraciaSi gadaizarda (”gadaiRvara”).
migvaCnia, rom bolo wlebSi evropis erT politi-
kur erTobad Camoyalibebis idea sul ufro aqtiuri
xdeba da realobas uaxlovdeba kavSiris damfuZnebelTa
ocneba `erTiani evropis~ (`ever closer union") Seqmnis Sesa-
xeb. gamovTqvamT mosazrebas, rom evrokavSirSi 1992
wlidan (maastrixtis xelSekruleba) ukve daiwyo poli-
tikuri kavSiris Seneba, romelic, 2005 wels konstitu-
ciis Cavardnis miuxedavad, dResac aqtiurad mimdinare-
obs. es procesi kidev ufro gamyarda 2009 welis dekem-
bridan, rodesac ZalaSi Sevida lisabonis xelSekruleba
da politikuri TanamSromlobis gaRrmavebis kuTxiT
bevr instituciur siaxles daudo saTave.

Teoriuli CarCo

konkretuli faqtebis ganxilvis garda, Cveni mosaz-

rebis damtkicebas neofunqcionaluri Teoriis gamoye-
nebiT SevecdebiT. migvaCnia, rom es Teoria sakmaod kar-
gad esadageba evrokavSiris integraciis models.
neofunqcionalistTa mtkicebiT, imisaTvis, rom in-
tegracia warmatebuli aRmoCndes, saWiroa TanamSrom-
loba daiwyos ekonomikis erT sferoSi e.w. ”dabal po-

170
litikaSi” (”low politics”). qveynebs Soris ekonomikis kon-
kretul seqtorTa integracia qmnis “funqciur wnexs”
(functional pressure) momijnave dargebis SesaerTeblad. in-
tegracia mimdinareobs e.w. ”gadaRvris” (spill-over) prin-
cipiT, rodesac erT sferoSi dawyebuli integracia
etapobrivad gadaiRvreba sxva sferoebSic. am procesSi
nel-nela xdeba loialobis gadatana erovnuli donidan
(adgilobrivi mTavroba) evropul doneze (evropuli in-
stitutebi). (12. gv. 51-52)
Tuki gadavxedavT evrokavSiris istorias ekonomi-
kuri integracia swored am scenariT ganviTarda: ”qva-
naxSirisa da foladis gaerTianebas” 6 welSi ”ekonomi-
kuri gaerTianebis” Seqmna moyhva. 60-ian wlebSi ZalaSi
Sesuli sabaJo kavSiri, 1992 wels erTiani bazris Camoya-
libebiT dagvirgvinda, 70 wlebis bolodan savaluto
sistemis danergva, 90-iani wlebis bolos erTian valu-
taze - evroze gadasvliT dasrulda.
rac Seexeba politikur integracias, neofunqcio-
naluri Teoriis mixedviT, is ekonomikuri integraciis
aucilebeli Tanmdevi procesi da misi saboloo Sedegia.
kerZod, sawyis etapze iqmneba TanamSromlobis makoor-
dinirebeli da maregulirebeli organo (aseTad SeiZle-
ba CaiTvalos qvanaxSirisa da foladis gaerTianebis
umaRlesi mmarTveli organo _ ”High Authority”), Semdgom-
Si gaRrmavebuli ekonomikuri integracia ki avtomatu-
rad qmnis axali institutebis Camoyalibebis saWiroebas,
radgan integraciis procesis gafarToeba damatebiT ma-
regulirebel organoebis Seqmnas moiTxovs. realurad
asec moxda: jer komisia, parlamenti da ministrTa sab-
Wo, mogvianebiT ki evropuli sabWo Seiqmna. amdenad,
politikuri integracia ekonomikuri integraciis met-
naklebad gardauvali gverdiTi Sedegia.

171
 ”gadaRvris” principiT mimdinare integraciis gvir-
gvinad neofunqcionalistebi ekonomikuri erTobis po-
litikur kavSirad gadaqcevas miiCneven: erovnuli eli-
tebi sul ufro met yuradRebas uTmoben supranaciona-
lur dones; isini pozitiurad ewyobian integraciis
procesis mimarT da gamoimuSaveben saerTo interesebs;
supranacionaluri institutebi da arasamTavrobo aq-
torebi integraciis procesSi etapobrivad met gavlenas
iZenen, maSin roca erovnuli mTavrobebi da samTavrobo
aqtorebi TandaTan kargaven am gavlenas da, saboloo
jamSi, integraciis mzardi mniSvneloba qmnis wnexs, po-
litikuri kontroli da angariSvaldebuleba supranaci-
onalur doneze iqnas gadatanili. (11 gv. 479-480)

neofunqcionalizmi istoriul konteqstSi _ ekonomikuri

integracia

Teoriuli CarCos zogadi mimoxilvis Semdeg, sain-

teresoa, Tvali gavadevnod, rogor xdeboda neofunqci-
onalizmis sayrdeni principebis praqtikaSi gatareba ev-
rokavSiris Seqmnidan dRemde. imas Tu, rogor grZelde-
ba es procesi dRes, momdevno TavebSi SevexebiT. manamde
ki Tanmimdevrulad mivyveT da gavaanalizoT neofun-
qcionalistTa TvalTaxedvidan danaxuli integraciuli
cikli.
a)integraciis dasawyisi
evrokavSirSi neofunqcionaluri integraciis aT-
vlis wertilad SeiZleba CaiTvalos 1951 weli, rodesac
”qvanaxSirisa da foladis gaerTianebis” xelSekrulebas
moewera xeli. neofunqcionalistebisaTvis 50-iani wlebi
didi gamarjveba iyo. pirvel rigSi aRsaniSnavia maT
Tvalwin mimdinare procesi, roca evropis qvanaxSirisa
da foladis gaerTianebis CamoyalibebiT TvalnaTliv da
istoriaSi pirvelad moxda “loialurobis gadatana”

172
erovnuli donidan supranacionalur doneze (“High
Authority”). aseve didi gamarjveba iyo is, rom qvanaxSiri-
sa da foladis gaerTianeba sul raRac 6 weliwadSi ukve
ufro farTo ekonomikur gaerTianebad gardaiqmna (1957
wlis romis xelSekruleba) es “gadaRvris principis”
karg magaliTs warmoadgens.
neofunqcionaluri Teoriis erT-erTi TvalsaCino
warmomadgeneli ernst haasi am eqvswlian periods “sup-
ranacionalur wnexs” uwodebs, roca calkeulma jgu-
febma da evropul saxelmwifoTa mTavrobebma TavianTi
miznebis gadafaseba da xelaxali formulireba moaxdi-
nes da gezi erTiani evropisken aiRes. rogorc istoriam
gvaCvena, am ekonomikurma gaerTianebam, romis xelSekru-
lebidan moyolebuli dRemde, saTave daudo im did er-
Tobas, romelsac dRes evrokavSiri moicavs.

evropis savaluto kavSiri (EMU)

xangrZliv process ukavSirdeba integracia safi-

nanso da savaluto sferoSi. am dargis gaerTianebis
pirveli iniciativa 1969 wels haagis samitze gacxadda.
Tumca es iniciativa 70-ian wlebSi msoflio savaluto
bazarze arsebuli areulobis gamo mniSvnelovani dab-
rkolebebis winaSe aRmoCnda. 1979 wels, safrangeT-ger-
maniis erToblivi ZalisxmeviT pirvelad Camoyalibda
evropis savaluto sistema (European Monetary System) ev-
ropis savaluto sistemis mTavar mizani evrogaerTiane-
bis wevr saxelmwifoTa valutebs Soris meryeobis Sem-
cireba da inflaciis donis daregulireba warmoadgen-
da. SemoRebul iqna axali evropuli savaluto erTeuli
_ ekiu. savaluto sistemam, valutis kursebis stabili-
zaciis kuTxiT, mravali krizisis miuxedavad, SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom warmatebas miaRwia.

173
 savaluto TanamSromlobis axal fazaze gadasvlis
xelisSemSleli faqtorebis aRmosafxvrelad, kapitalis
moZraobis liberalizaciisa da safinanso urTierToba-
Ta daxvewisaTvis umniSvnelovanesi iyo 1989 wels evro-
komisiis prezidentis Jak deloris iniciativa ekonomi-
kuri da savaluto kavSiris SeqmnasTan dakavSirebiT. Se-
moTavazeba iTvaliswinebda erTian savaluto sistemaze
gadasavlis sam safexurian models, ekonomikuri poli-
tikis met koordinacias, erovnuli sabiujeto defici-
tebis dasaZlevad Tanxebis gamoyofis axali wesebis dam-
kvidrebasa da kavSiris savaluto politikaze pasuxsim-
gebeli organos _ centraluri evropuli bankis Seqmnas.
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania am strategiis mesame faza
_ 1999 wlisTvis evropis erTian valutaze _ evroze ga-
asvla. savaluto kavSirma garda imisa, rom gaaadvila
evrokavSiris SigniT safinanso operaciebi, wevr saxel-
mwifoTa Soris TanamSromloba mniSvnelovnad gaaRrmava.
lisabonis xelSekrulebiT, 2009 wlidan evropis cen-
tralurma bankma evrokavSiris institutis statusi Sei-
Zina.
ekonomikuri da savaluto kavSiris Seqmna ”gadaR-
vris” principze damyarebuli integraciis kargi magali-
Tia. am sistemis Camoyalibeba sxvadasxva intensiobiT 20
wlis manZilze mimdinareobda. es ocwliani periodi naT-
lad asaxavs farTomasStabiani integraciis misaRwevad
etapobrivi ganviTarebis mniSvnelobas.
rogorc davinaxeT, savaluto sferoSi integracia
sawyis etapze SedarebiT naklebambiciuri miznebiT ga-
moirCeoda _ evropaSi savaluto stabilurobis zonis
Seqmna. Tumca mas momdevno wlebSi sakmaod ambiciuri
erTiani savaluto politikis Camoyalibeba mohyva. sava-
luto sistemis garda, savaluto kavSiris Seqmnas Zlie-
ri biZgi misca evropis teritoriaze erTian bazris Ca-
moyalibebam. amdenad, es kavSiri, rogorc gamoCnda, er-

174
Tis mxriv manamde arsebul savaluto sistemaze aRmo-
cenda, meores mxriv ki savaluto politikis warmatebaSi
didi mniSvneloba erTiani bazris Seqmnam iqonia. am Sem-
TxvevaSi saqme SeiZleba gvqondes ori saxis integracias-
Tan:
• erTi es aris “gaRrmaveba” (“deepening”) _ savalu-
to sisitemis magaliTze da gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT
savaluto kavSiris Seqmna.
• meore es aris “gafarToeba” (“widening”) _ erTi
politikidan (erTiani bazari) integarciis gadaRvra mo-
mijnave da masTan mWidrod dakavSirebul ekonomikur
dargSi (savaluto politika).
gavixsenoT, rom ekonomikuri integracias, neofun-
qcionalistTa mtkicebiT maregulirebeli institutebis
Camoyalibeba sdevs Tan. aseT maregulirebel organod
ki evropis centraluri banki gvevlineba, romelmac bo-
lo xelSekrulebiT ukve miiRo institutis statusi.

erTiani bazari

evrokavSiris integraciis erT-erT yvelaze did ga-

marjvebad evropis erTiani bazari iTvelba. is neofun-
qcionaluri TeoriisTvis saukeTeso praqtikul gamov-
linebas warmoadgens. erTiani bazris istoria kargad
gamoxatavs Tu rogor SuZlia integraciis gaRrmaveba
sakiTxis aqtualobas, wevri saxelmwifoebis mxridan mi-
zanmimarTul qmedebebsa da kavSiris SigniT Tanxmobasa
da erTsulovnebas.
mokled CamovTvliT erTiani bazris miRwevebs: ada-
mianis, saqonlis, momsaxurebisa da kapitalis Tavisufa-
li gadaadgileba; muSaobisa da biznesis warmoebis Tavi-
sufleba; biurokratiuli, proceduruli da komerciu-
li barierebis gauqmeba an maTi minimumamde Semcireba _

175
kvotebisa da tarifebis moxsna, amasTanave e.w. ”arasata-
rifo barierebis” aRmofxvra; socialuri daculobis
zrda; ekologiurad sufTa da usafrTxo sakvebi; swra-
fi, iafi da moxerxebuli mgzavroba; Tavisufali konku-
rencia da monopolisturi da proteqcionisturi saqmia-
nobis SezRudva; meti moqniloba da efeqturoba da baz-
ris regulirebis erTiani harmoniuli sistema. (15 gv.)
SegviZlia Tamamad vamtkicoT, rom erTiani bazaric
”gadaRvris principiT” Camoyalibda. 50-ian wlebSi daw-
yebuli savaWro TanamSromloba, 60-ian wlebSi sabaJo
kavSiris SeqmniT gagrZelda - wverma saxelmwifoebma Ta-
visi nebiT gaauqmes tarifebi da kvotebi. 70-iani wlebSi
warmoSobilma ekonomikurma problemebma, erTmaneTTan
gamartivebuli vaWrobiT miRebulma sargebelma, saerTa-
Soriso asparezze arsebulma gamowvevebma da mzardma
konkurenciam, sabaJo sferoSi TanamSromloba erTiani
bazriT daagvirgvina.
aqve gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom integracia xSirad aR-
moCenila krizisul viTarebaSi, roca wina planze iwevda
e.w. ”evroskepticizmi” (de golis mmarTvelobis dekada,
1970 wlebSi msoflioSi mimdinare ekonomikuri daRmas-
vla da sanavTobo krizisi, 80-ian wlebSi margaret tet-
Ceris agresiuli politika). am dros integracionistebs
xSirad uWirdaT imis axsna, Tu ratom ar grZeldeboda
integracia ise, rogoc amas winaswar elodnen neofun-
qcionalistebi. problemebi am mxriv dResac arsebobs,
magram evrokavSiris istoriisTvis zogadi Tvalis ga-
davlebiTac naTelia, rom integracia, dargobrivi ga-
daRvra, sxvadasxva sferoSi TanamSromlobis gaRrmaveba
Tu gafarToeba erT dinamikur process warmoadgens,
mxolod arasworxazovani da araTanabarmimdevruli in-
tensivobiT.
naSromis mizani araa Seiswavlos erTini bazris, er-
Tiani valutisa da ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis sxva mi-

176
marTulebebis susti da Zlieri mxareebi, gaakeTos das-
kvnebi evrokavSiris ekonomikis mdgradobasTan dakavSi-
rebiT. es sxva ganxilvis Temaa. ekonomikuri integraci-
is magaliTebi procesis dinamiurobis saCveneblad mo-
vixmeT.

neofunqcionaluri midgoma dReisTvis _ politikuri

integraciisken

aq SegviZlia Cvens mier zemoT dasmul kiTxvas da-

vubrundeT: Tuki evrokavSirma farTomaStabian ekonomi-
kur integracias ukve miaRwia, Seqmna da ganaviTara am
procesis maregulirebeli mmarTveli institutebi, neo-
funqcionalistebis logikiT, xom ar SegviZlia ganvac-
xadoT, rom mimdinareobs integraciis gadadineba mis
daskvniT fazaSi _ politikis sferoSi da evropis kon-
tinentze, evrokavSiris saxiT, erTiani politikuri aq-
tori yalibdeba?
bevri evrokavSirs arSemdgar politikur erTobad
moiazrebs, mas ”ekonomikur goliaTs da politikur ju-
jasac” uwodebdnen. amis mizezad saxeldeba yofili iu-
goslaviis teritoriaze mimdinare saomar moqmedebebSi
evrokavSiris araefeqturi Careva, aseve _ wevri qveyne-
bis araerTsulovneba erayis orive omis dros (1991,
2003 ww.) da sxva magaliTebi.
am sisusteebis miuxedavad migvaCnia, rom integra-
ciis procesi ar SeCerebula da wlidan wlamde sul uf-
ro met progress aRwevs. iyo stagnaciis periodebi,
Tumca ukusvlas arasdros hqonia adgili. danamdvile-
biT SegviZlia vamtkicoT, rom saxelmwifoTa mier evro-
pul doneze gadatanili sakiTxebi ukan _ erovnul do-
neze aRar dabrunebula. anu sferoebSi, sadac integra-
cia ukve daiwyo, procesi ukan ar Sebrunebula.

177
 ufro metic, isic SeiZleba iTqvas, rom evrokavSi-
ris TiToeuli susti mxare an konkretuli krizisuli
viTareba damatebiTi motivaciaa wevri qveynebisTvis,
rom met SekavSirebulobas miaRwion. balkaneTisa da
erayis omebma katalizatoris funqcia ikisres da pozi-
tiuri rolic Seasrules evropis gamosafxizleblad.
garda amisa, gazrdili konkurencia saerTaSoriso are-
naze, terorizmi, eTnokonfliqtebi da sxva globaluri
problemebi axali gamowvevebis winaSe ayenebs evrokav-
Sirs. Tuki istorias gadavxedavT, yvela mniSvnelovan
integraciul nabijs win aucileblad uZRvoda konkre-
tuli krizisi.
TiToeuli xelSekrulebis Semdeg evropa metad in-
tegrirebuli xdeba, sul ufro farTovdeba evropuli
institutebis kompetenciis sfero. izrdeba maTi fun-
qciebi da Zalaufleba. aseve TvalSisacemia zeerovnuli
(supranacionaluri) mmarTveli organoebis (komisia da
parlamenti) poziciaTa gamyareba. supranacionalizmis
zrda pirdapir kavSirSia evrokavSiris federaluri xa-
siaTis gaZlierebasTan.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, swored supranacionalu-
ri mmarTvelobiT gansxvavdeba evrokavSiri sxva saerTa-
Soriso organizaciebisagan, romelTa umravlesoba
mTavrobaTSorisi forumis xasiaTs atarebs. supranacio-
naluri (zeerovnuli) mmarTveloba moicavs im sferoebs,
romlebSic wevrma saxelmwifoebma sakuTari nebiT daT-
mes TavianTi suverenuli uflebebi da gadawyvetilebis
miRebis funqcia evrokavSiris institutebs gadasces. am
sferoebSi evrokavSiris institutebis mier miRebuli
gadawyvetileba savaldebuloa kavSirSi Semavali yvela
qveynisaTvis. anu erovnuli donidan sakiTxebi evropul
dones gadaeca da gadamwyveti roli mas mieniWa.
Tumca, supranacionaluris garda, evrokavSirSi
aseve gamoiyofa mTavrobaTSorisi mmarTveloba, riTac

178
evrokavSiri emsgavseba sxva saerTaSoriso organizaci-
ebs. aq Sedis is sferoebi, romlebSic wevr saxelmwifo-
ebs ar dauTmiaT marTvis suverenuli uflebebi, mxo-
lod erTobliv TanamSromlobaze SeTanxmdnen.
sagareo, Tavdacvis, usafrTxoebis, saSinao da ius-
ticiis sakiTxebSi erTiani politikis SemuSaveba 1992
wlis maastrixtis xelSekrulebis Semdgom daiwyo. swo-
red maastrixtSi Caeyara safuZveli evropaSi politiku-
ri kavSiris Seqmnas. marTalia, manamdec arsebobda po-
litikuri erTobis Camoyalibebis ramdenime mcdeloba,
magram yvela maTgani uSedego aRmoCnda. ufro metic,
jer kidev 50-ian wlebSi gaCnda idea, ekonomikuri gaer-
Tianebis paralelurad, politikuri da Tavdacvis gaer-
Tianebebic CamoeyalibebinaT. Tumca 1992 wlamde igi ar
ganxorcielebula. es kidev erTxel amtkicebs neofun-
qcionaluri Teoriis amosaval princips, rom politikis
sferoSi integraciis dawyebas jer etapobrivi ekonomi-
kuri integracia unda uswrebdes win. swored am princi-
piT gansxavdebian neofunqcionalistebi federaliste-
bisgan, romlebic integraciis dasawyisSive politikuri
kavSiris (”evropis SeerTebuli Statebis”) Seqmnas uSede-
god isaxavdnen miznad.
erovnuli suverenitetis kuTxiT iseTi mtkivneuli
sakiTxebi, rogoricaa qveynis sagareo politikuri kur-
si, Tavdacva da usafrTxoeba, mTavrobaTSoris doneze
gadasawyvet sakiTxebad rCeba da maTze zeerovnul or-
ganoebs faqtiurad ar miuwvdebaT xeli. Tumca is faq-
ti, rom am sferoSi erToblivi CarCoebis Camosayalibeb-
lad TanamSromloba dawyebulia progresul movlenad
unda CaiTvalos. istoriulad cnobilia, rom mraval
sferoSi mTavrobaTSoris doneze TanamSromlobis daw-
yebas Tan mohyva SemdgomSi am sakiTxebis zeerovnul
doneze gadatana. amis kargi magaliTia amsterdamis xel-
Sekruleba, romlis Sedegadac sakiTxTa garkveuli nawi-

179
li mesame svetidan (mTavrobaTSorisi sveti) pirvel
svetSi (gaerTianebis sveti) gadavida.
lisabonis xelSekrulebam TanamSromlobis sferoe-
bis ”komunitarizaciis” ufro kargi garemo Seqmna. man
saerTod gaauqma sakiTxTa svetebad dayofa da evrokav-
Siri saerTaSoriso asparezze moqmed erT iuridiul aq-
torad Camoayaliba. es nabiji mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs
saxelmwifoTa Soris TanamSromlobis gazrdas da gaer-
Tianebis doneze damatebiT axali sferoebis gadatanas.
gaerTianebis donis gafarToeba ki politikuri integra-
ciis erT-erTi umTavresi pirobaa.
svetebis gauqmeba evrokavSiris kidev erTi grZel-
vadiani miznis ganxorcielebas warmoadgens. 2001 wels
qalaq lakenSi (belgia) gamarTul evropul samitze ev-
ropelma liderebma miznad daisaxes, rom saerTaSoriso
arenaze evrokavSiris erT Zlier moqmed aqtorad Camo-
sayalibeblad zomebi mieRoT. meti SekavSirebulobisaT-
vis gadawyda, rom dadga dro, evrokavSiri ”erT xmaze”
laparakobdes.
ver vityviT, rom dRes es sakiTxi sabolood gadaw-
yda da evrokavSiris 27-ve wevri saxelmwifo sagareo po-
litikis warmoebis dros ”erT xmaze” saubrobs, Tumca
am miznis misaRwevad lisabonis xelSekrulebam sakmaod
bevri Zireuli instituciuri cvlileba Semoitana.

lisabonis xelSekruleba

lisabonis xelSekruleba marTlac reformistul

xasiaTs atarebs. 1992 wels maastrixtis xelSekrulebiT
evrogaerTianeba evrokavSirad gadakeTda da ekonomiku-
ri TanamSromlobis paralelurad, wevr saxelmwifoTa
Soris politikuri TanamSromloba daiwyo. 2009 wels ki
lisabonis xelSekrulebiT es kavSiri kidev ufro daix-
vewa da gamyarda.

180
 am ori xelSekrulebis ubralo Sedarebac ki cxad-
yofs, rom politikuri integracia Tu daCqarebuli tem-
pebiT ara aRmavali intensiobiT namdvilad viTardebo-
da. isev istoria rom gavixsenoT _ erTiani ekonomikuri
sivrcis Seqmnis idea jer kidev 1957 wels romis xelSek-
rulebaSi gaJRerda, realurad ki erTian bazarze gadas-
vla evropam 1993 wlidan SeZlo. Tan cnobilia, rom eko-
nomikis dargSi integracia, ekonomikuri sargeblianobi-
dan gamomdinare, politikur integraciasTan SedarebiT
advilad mimdinareobs. is amavdros SedarebiT naklebad
mtkivneulia wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis. politikis sfe-
roSi suverenuli uflebebis daTmoba ki met sirTule-
ebs awydeba.
politikuri integraciis amgvari xasiaTis miuxeda-
vad, lisabonis xelSekruleba sagrZnob winsvlad migvaC-
nia. meti SekavSirebulobis misaRwevad, integraciis ga-
saRrmaveblad, axal gamowvevebTan gasamklaveblad, sa-
erTaSoriso asaparezze erTiani poziciiT gamosvlis-
Tvis anu evrokavSiris ”erT xmaze asalaparakeblad” ga-
tarda Semdegi cvlilebebi:
a) evropuli sabWo:
• SeiZina damoukidebeli da formaluri institu-
tis statusi. oficialurad daevala evrokavSiris zoga-
di politikuri mimarTulebisa da prioritetebis gan-
sazRvra. evropul sabWos inetgraciis gaRrmavebis kuT-
xiT Seqmnis dRidan erT-erTi gamorCeuli adgili uWi-
ravs. 70-ian wlebSi misi dafuZneba im dros arsebuli
Znelad dasaZlevi Sida Tu gare problemebis (msoflio
ekonomikaSi arsebuli krizisi, gaerTianebaSi TanamSrom-
lobis gaRmavebis saWiroeba) mosagvareblad gadawyda.
dRemde yvela ZiriTadi axali politikuri mimarTule-
bis iniciatori evropuli sabWo iyo. amdenad misi insti-
tucionalizacia politikuri integraciis kuTxiT
progresul movlenad migvaCnia. Tan, Cvenis azriT, evro-

181
puli sabWo, warsulTan SedarebiT, metad ”komunita-
rul” xasiaTs atarebs. es, albaT calke msjelobis Te-
maa. Tumca meti TvalsaCinoebisTvis dRevandel mdgoma-
reobas Sevadarebdi de golisa da margaret tetCeris
periodebs.

• 6 Tviani rotaciuli wesiT daniSnuli evropuli

sabWos prezidentis nacvlad SemoRebul iqna 2 weliwad
naxevris vadiT arCeuli prezidentis axali posti. es
cvlileba saqmis gangrZobadobisa da evropuli sabWos
ufro efeqturad muSaobis kuTxiT Zalzed mniSvnelova-
nia. prezidentma SeiTavsa evrokavSiris sagareo warmom-
dgenlis funqcia, ise rom, ar unda moxdes sagareo da
usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi evrokavSiris umaRlesi warmo-
modgenlis funqciaTa gadakveTa. reformirebuli sab-
Wos pirvel prezidentad wevri saxlemwifoebis lide-
rebma neitraluri kandidati, belgiis yofili premier
ministri, herman van rompei (Herman Van Rompuy) airCi-
es. es nabijic miuTiTebs, rom evropas dRes saqmeze
orientirebuli pirovneba da ara odiozuri, mokaSkaSe
figura sWirdeba. SerCevis procesSi yvelaze realur
kandidatad toni bleri saxeldeboda, Tumca evrokav-
Sirma arCevani naklebad ambiciur kandidatze gaakeTa.

b) umaRlesi warmomadgenlis posti

• Seiqmna saerTaSoriso arenaze sagareo da usaf-
rTxoebis sakiTxebSi kavSiris erTiani warmomadgenlis
Tanamdeboba. sakonstitucio iniciativaSi mas sagareo
saqmeTa ministric ewodeboda. es posti Tavdapirvelad
amsterdamis xelSekrulebiT Camoyalibda, Tumca lisa-
bonis xelSekrulebiT sakmaod gafarTovda da gamyarda.
neofunqcionaluri TeoriiT Tu mivudgebiT, ”gadaRvra”
moxda konkretuli Tanamdebobis funqciuri gaZliere-
bis kuTxiT.

182
 • pirvel umaRles warmomadgenlad SerCeul iqna
ketrin eStonis kandidatura. igi evrokavSiris umaRle-
si warmomadgenlis funqciis garda iTavsebs sagareo
saqmeTa komisrisa da komisiis pirveli vice-prezidentis
postebs, anu xdeba komisiis wevri. aseve avtomaturad
iniSneba sagareo sakiTxTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris Tanam-
debobaze. am cvlilebiT umaRlesi warmomadgeneli er-
Tdroulad or organoSi (komisia da sabWo) xelmZRvane-
lobs sagareo politikas. TanamdebobaTa amgvari gaer-
Tianeba evrokavSiris institutebs, miTumetes zeerov-
nul da mTavrobaTSoris organeobs Soris koordinacias
mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobesebs.
• sagareo warmomadgenlobis meti efeqturobisaT-
vis, Seiqmna damoukidebeli organo _ evropis sagareo
saqmeTa samsaxuri. es samsaxuri koordinacias gauwevs
evrokavSiris sagareo, Tavdacvisa da usafrTxoebis po-
litikas.
faqtiurad evrokavSirSi Camoyalibda sagareo saq-
meTa ministris posti da sagareo saqmeTa saministro.
es, politikuri integraciis kuTxiT, umniSvnelovanesi
win gadadgmuli nabijia. am gadawyvetilebiT, evrokavSi-
ris sagareo politikas msoflioSi erTi adamiani warad-
gens, romelsac sagareo saqmeebis koordinaciisTvis
gazrdili uflebebi da realuri, iuridiuli dokumen-
tiT dadasturebuli wona eqneba. aseve eqneba sakuTari
uwyeba. es pirdapir exmaureba lakenis SeTanxmebis erT-
erT ZiriTad mizans, romelic evrokavSiris saerTaSori-
so arenaze "erTiani xmiT" wardgenasa da qveynebs Soris
sagareo da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi gazrdil Tanam-
Sromlobas iTvaliswinebs.
kritikosebi lisabonis xelSekrulebas sam maRal
Cinovniks (evropuli sabWosa da komisiis prezidentebi
da umaRlesi warmomadgeneli) Soris uflebamosilebaTa
arasaTanado gamijvnaSi adanaSauleben. amis niadagze ki

183
maT Soris xSir konfrontacias varaudoben. lisabonis
xelSekruleba prezidentebsa da institutebs Soris
kompetenciis ganawilebis zogad CarCoebs ayalibebs.
vfiqrobT, roca uprecedento da sakmaod masStaburi
postebis Seqmnasa da danergvas exeba saqme, konkretika
safuZvels moklebulic SeiZleba iyos. funqciaTa rea-
luri gamijvna ZiriTadad praqtikuli saqmianobis dros
xdeba da amis sakmao gamocdileba ukve aqvs evrokavSirs.
amgvari midgoma, ufro efeqturi da realobas morgebu-
lia.
skeptikosTa Soris arsebobs eWvi imis Sesaxeb, ram-
denad realuri gavlena eqneba umaRles warmomadgenels,
radgan varaudoben, rom Zlieri evropuli qveynis mmar-
Tveli pirebi mas sagareo saqmeebSi liderobas ar dauT-
moben. Tumca SeqmnisTanave evrokavSirSi arc erTi in-
stituti an posti ar yofila Zlieri da misi funqciebi-
sa da wonis gazrda wlebis manzilze safexurebrivad
xdeboda. amis kargi magaliTia evroparlamenti:

evroparlamenti

1951 wlis parizis xelSekrulebiT Seqmnili ”saer-

To asamblea” sakmaod SezRuduli iyo da mxolod sakon-
sultacio funqciebs atarebda. romis xelSekrulebis
Semdeg, man Seicvala saxeli da gaxda ”evropis saparla-
mento asablea”, romelic pirvelad 1958 wels Seikriba.
swored am dRidan iwyeba dRevandeli parlamentis isto-
ria. 1967 wels evropuli gaerTianebebis Serwymis Semdeg
mas ”evroparlamenti” ewoda da masSi samive gaerTianebis
asamblea Sevida.
evroparlamentis fuqnciebi wlebis manZilze iz-
rdeboda. etapobrivad parlaments, sabWosTan erTad
kanonSemoqmedebiTobisa da biujetis damtkicebis ufle-
bac gadaeca. istoriul TariRad iTvleba 1979 weli,

184
roca evroparlamentis pirveli pirdapiri arCevnebi Ca-
tarda da evroparlamentarebi uSualod evropis mosax-
leobam airCia. manamde evroparlamentarebs wevri sa-
xelmwifoebi Tavisi SerCeviT gzavnidnen da, faqtobri-
vad, deputatis posti iyo daniSvniTi da ara _ arCeviTi,
rac Crdils ayenebda evroparlamentis demokratiulo-
bas.
evroparlamentis funqciebi da roli gansakuTre-
biT gamyarda lisabonis xelSekrulebiT. igi uflebri-
vad gauTanabrda sabWos, rogorc kanonebis miRebaSi,
aseve biujetis damtkicebaSi. dReisaTvis is gacilebiT
angariSgasawevi Zalaa evrokavSiris sxva institutebTan
urTierTobis dros.
lisabonis xelSekrulebiT ”ZiriTad sakanonmdeblo
procedurad” Tanagadwyveta iqca. Tanagadawyvetis dros
parlamenti kanonproeqtis ganxilvasa da kanonis miReba-
Si srulad monawileobs da sabWos sruluflebiani par-
tnioria. kanonTa ZiriTadi nawili ukve TanagadawyvetiT
miiReba (es procedura 40 axal sferoze gavrcelda).
parlamentma 70-ian wlebSi moipova biujetis gan-
xilvasa da damtkicebaSi monawileobis ufleba. Tumca
2009 wlamde misi gavlena ar vrceldeboda mTlian biu-
jetze: parlaments ar hqonda saboloo gadawyvetilebis
miRebis ufleba e.w. ”savaldebulo danaxarjebze” (sof-
lis meurneobasa da saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebze gaTva-
liswinebuli danaxarjebi, mTliani biujetis daaxloe-
biT 45%), aq gadawyvetilebebs damoukideblad iRebda
sabWo. lisabonis xelSekrulebis mixedviT, parlamenti
ukve monawileobs biujetis mTlianad damtkicebaSi.
dReisTvis ukve sakmaod gazrdilia parlamentis
kontroli sxva institutebze:
• parlamenti amtkicebs evropuli sabWos mier Ser-
Ceul komisiis prezidents. lisabonis xelSekrulebiT,
evrupulma sabWom komisiis prezidentobis kandidati

185
unda SearCios evroparlamentis bolo arCevnebis Sede-
gebis gaTvaliswinebiT. es komisiis prezidents parla-
mentis winaSe damatebiT angariSvaldebulebas uCens.
• parlamenti aseve amtkicebs komisarTa kolegias.
aqvs komisiis daTxovnis ufleba. umtkicebs komisias yo-
velwliur programas da ganvlili wlis finansur geg-
mas.
• parlamenti amtkicebs evropis centraluri ban-
kis prezidentsa da aRmasrulebel sabWos. bankis prezi-
denti valdebulia warudginos parlaments yovelwliu-
ri moxseneba.
• parlamenti irCevs evropis ombucmens, romlis
funqciacaa evrokavSiris institutebis winaaRmdeg mo-
saxleobis sarCelebis ganxilva.
• parlamenti niSnavs evrokavSiris auditorTa sa-
samarTlos wevrebs.
• parlamentTan angariSvaldebulia umaRlesi war-
momadgenelic. mas mudmivad unda hqondes axlo kavSiri
parlamentTan da movalea, regularulad gaiaros kon-
sultaciebi. (http://euobserver.com/9/28878) amgvari konsulta-
ciebi da umaRlesi warmomadgenlis moxsenebebi parla-
mentSi ukve daiwyo. mimdinareobs debatebi evropis saga-
reo saqmeTa samsaxuris struqturasa da finansirebis
sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.

axali iniciativebi

rogorc davinaxeT, parlamenti ”gadaRvris” princi-

piT uflebrivi gaZlierebis TvalsaCino magaliTia. igi
zeerovnuli mmarTvelobis flangze komisiis Zlier mo-
kavSired Camoyalibda. konkretuli precedentebis Sede-
gad, parlamentis roli ufro izrdeba. SegviZlia Tama-
mad vamtkicoT, rom politikuri integraciis yvelaze
aqtiuri faza 2009 wlis bolos, lisabonis xelSekrule-

186
bis ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg daiwyo. radgan am etapze mim-
dinareobs xelSekrulebaSi gawerili funqciebisa da
ufleba-movaleobebis praqtikaSi danergva. es procesi
ki aucileblad gulisxmobs axal-axal iniciativebsa da
politikuri TanamSromlobis metad gaRmavebas.

sainteresoa parlamentis bolodroindeli iniciativebi:

1. evrokomisiis wevrebi, parlamentarTa msgavsad,

saerTo evropuli arCevnebis Sedegad iqnen arCeulni.
evroparlamentis mimdinare prezidentis jerzi buzekis
Rrma rwmeniT, es nabiji komisrebs evrokavSiris moqala-
qeebis winaSe metad ”xiluls” gaxdis da maT ”demokrati-
ul mandats” mianiWebs. ”amas ar eqneba mxolod simbolu-
ri mniSvneloba, komisia SeiZens ufro Zlier demokrati-
ul legitimurobas da gaZlierdeba, rogorc institu-
ti.” - ganacxada buzekma 2010 wlis martSi humboldtis
universitetSi gamosvlis dros. (http://euobserver.com/9/29742)
marTlac, parlamentis iniciativa komisias, metad de-
mokratiulsa da erovnuli gavlenisgan damoukidebels
gaxdis. es ar aris pirveli SemTxveva, roca parlamenti
komisiis uflebriv gaZlierebas iTxovs, an piriqiT.
orive zeerovnuli organo erTmaneTis gasaZliereblad
sabWos winaaRmdeg mudmivad aqtiur metoqeobaSia Car-
Tuli.
2. evropuli sabWos prezidentma gaakeTos yovel-
wliuri saangariSo moxseneba parlamentSi, ise rogorc
qveynis pirveli pirebi gamodian moxsenebiT TavianT
erovnul parlamentebSi. es iniciativa evropuli sabWos
prezidents parlamentis winaSe angariSvaldebuls gax-
dis, rac xels Seuwyobs parlamentis gavlenis zrdas.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, zeerovnuli mmarTvelobis
funqciuri zrda pirdapir kavSirSia evrokavSiris fede-
raciuli xasiaTis zrdasTan. aqamde arsebuli wesiT, ev-

187
ropuli sabWos prezidenti mxolod samitis dasrulebis
Semdeg abarebs angariSs parlaments. parlamentis prezi-
denti ki samitze mxolod gaxsniT nawilSi monawileobs,
rodesac sityviT mimarTavs sxdomis damswreebs, acnobs
gansaxilvel sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi evroparlamentis
pozicias da Semdeg tovebs darbazs.
es iniciativebi kargad warmoaCens evrokavSirSi
damkvidrebul praqtikas, roca konkretuli xelSekru-
lebis miRebis Semdegac iCens Tavs axali winadadebebi,
romlebic integraciis sxva sferoebze gavrcelebis an
TanamSromlobis gaRrmavebiskenaa mimarTuli.

daskvna

amdenad, zemoT moyvanili faqtebi gvaZlevs imis

mtkicebis safuZvels, rom ekonomikuri integracia 90-
iani wlebis Semdeg namdvilad gadaizarda politikur
TanamSromlobaSi. nel-nela, Tumca aRmavali progresi-
iT, mimdinareobs politikuri kavSiris gaZliereba. Te-
maSi SevecadeT warmogveCina politikuri integraciis
kuTxiT arsebuli Tanamedrove dinamika, romelic saTa-
ves evropuli gareTianebis Camoyalibebis pirvelive
dRidan iRebs. avsaxeT, rogor miesadageboda da miesada-
geba integraciis procesi neofunqcionalistebis mier
wamoyenebul principebs.
gansakuTrebiT gavamaxvileT yuradReba lisabonis
xelSekrulebiT inicirebul instituciur gardaqmnebze,
romlebic kavSiris federalur xasiaTis gamyarebisken
aris mimarTuli. axali SeTanxmebiT mniSvnelovnad gai-
zarda komisiis, paralmentis, ministrTa da evropuli
sabWoebis funqciebi, daixvewa maTi organizaciuli
struqtura da gadawyvetilebis miRebis procedura. ga-
daidga nabijebi evrokavSiris demokratiulobis zrdis-

188
ken. am etapze mimdinareobs xelSekrulebiT SeTanxmebu-
li punqtebis praqtikaSi danergva da adaptacia.
ar gvaqvs imis iluzia, rom evrokavSiri warmovaCi-
noT, rogorc uxarvezo da mZlavri politikuri erToba.
Tumca imis mtkiceba namdvilad SeiZleba, rom politi-
kuri integracia ukve aqtiurad mimdinareobs da wlidan
wlamde evropul saxelmwifoTa gaerTianeba sul ufro
Zlier saerTaSoriso aqtorad yalibdeba.
moyvanili argumentebi, naSromis specifikidan ga-
momdinare, SedarebiT zogad xasiaTs atarebs. vfiqrobT,
am formatSi meti detalizacia arc iyo saWiro, radgan
Cvens ZiriTad mizans Temis aqtualobaze xazgasama da
zogadi suraTis daxatva warmoadgenda. Tumca migvaCnia,
rom naSromis ZiriTadi Tezisis garSemo ufro siRrmi-
seuli da masStaburi kvlevaa Casatarebeli. es ukeT
warmoaCens evrointegraciis process politikur Wril-
Si. am mimarTulebiT muSaoba ukve dawyebuli gvaqvs da
saboloo Sedegebs ufro farTomasStabian naSromSi war-
movadgenT.

gamoyenebulidacitirebuli literatura:

1. gogolaSvili kaxa da kapanaZe sergi, evrokavSiris

institutebi da politika, Tbilisi, 2006,
2. leonardi dik, evrokavSiris saxelmZRvanelo, Tbi-
lisi, 2002,
3. javaxiSvili biZina (Semdgeneli), sityvari - evropis
kavSiri: politika da mmarTveli organoebi, evro-
komisiis warmomadgenloba saqarTvelosa da som-
xeTSi, Tbilisi, 2003,
4. Bache Ian and George Stephen, Politics in the European
Union, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, New York,
2006,

189
5. Draft Treaty Establishing A Constitution For Europe, Adopted
by consensus by the European Convention, 2003,
6. Joint Study – CEPS, EPC, EGMONT, The Treaty of Lisbon
Implementing the Institutional Innovations, 2007,
7. Haas Ernst B.: International Integration: The European and the
Universal Process, International Organization, Vol. 15, Issue 3
(Summer 1961),
8. Haas Ernst B. 1975. The Obsolescence of Regional Integration
Theory. Berkeley: University of California,
9. Lindberg Leon N., Political Integration: Definitions and
Hypotheses, The political Dynamics of European Economic
Integration, 1963, reprinted in: The European Union,
Readings on the Theory and Practice of European Integration
eduted by Brent F. Nelsen and Alexander Stubb. Third Edition,
2003,
10. Malamud Andres, Spillover in European and South American
Integration, Prepared for delivery at the 2001 meeting of the
Latin American Studies Association, Washington D.C., 2001,
11. Nugent Neil: The Government and Politics of the European
Union, Duke University Press, Fifth Edition, 2003, Chapter 7,
12. Rosamond Ben: Theories of European Integration, London,
Mocmilan, 2000
13. Treaty of Lisbon, 2007,
14. Wallace Helen and Wallace William, Policy-Making in the
European Union, Sixth Edition, Oxford University Press, New
York, 2005.
15. European Commission: It’s a better life, How the EU’s single
market benefits you, DG Press and Communication, 2002

Web resources:
http://europa.eu.int/
http://www.euobserver.com/
http://www.euractiv.com
http://www.wikipedia.org

190
 Abstract
Gizo Chelidze – PhD Student of the Faculty of Social and
Political Sciences of TSU.

The presented research aims to discuss the EU integration

process in the context of politics. We argue that, since the economic
integration has been deepened, an active phase of political
integration in the EU has started. Despite the fact, that we still can
not consider the EU as a single and full-scale political actor on
international stage, we strongly consider that the political integration
of the EU has started since its establishment and the process still
continues, despite many resistance and obstacles. In addition we
assume, that since 1992 Maastricht Treaty, the member states
officially started delegating their sovereign rights in the political
sphere to the European institutions. Maastricht was followed by
Amsterdam and Nice treaties, as well as the failed Constitutional
Treaty and finally the Lisbon Treaty. The Lisbon Treaty is also
called Reform Treaty, because it considerably changes the
institutional order of the EU which existed before and pulls the
Union into the new and higher level of integration. To prove the
main thesis of the research we use the Neofunctional theory. We are
convinced that Neofunctionalism mostly fits to the EU integration
model.

191
 axalgazrduli identobebi brikolaJis gziT
Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi

lia wulaZe
asocirebuli profesori,socialur da politikur
mecnierebaTa fakulteti
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

kvlevis mizani. Tanamedrove epoqaSi, romelic

swrafi sociokulturuli cvlilebebiT gamoirCeva, gan-
sakuTrebiT mravalferovania sxvadasxva axalgazrduli
jgufebi Tu subkulturebi. socialur mkvlevarTa az-
riT, ,,isini aSkara damoukideblobas avlenen im modele-
bisagan, romlebic farTo sazogadoebas marTavs... kul-
turis codna sazogadoebis doneze aRaraa sakmarisi am
jgufebis reprezentaciebis ganWvretisa da axsnisaTvis
(Camilleri & Malewska-Peyre, 1997, gv. 45). amasTan, sxvadas-
xva subkulturebis Rirebulebebisa da Sexedulebebis
gacnoba saSualebas aZlevs individebs, ,,maTi sazogado-
ebis mier miwodebuli mravalferovani masalis pirovnu-
li manipulireba moaxdinon... aseT pirobebSi, gamocdi-
lebiT miRebuli kultura mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba
sazogadoebisagan miwodebuli kulturisagan” (iqve, gv.
46).
warmodgenili kvlevis mizania Tanamedrove saqar-
TveloSi axalgazrdebis ,,gamocdilebiT miRebuli kul-
turis” Seswavla, Cveneba imisa, Tu rogor axdenen isini
rogorc adgilobrivi, ise globaluri kulturis mier
miwodebuli ,,mravalferovani masalis manipulirebas”
da garkveva imisa, iwvevs Tu ara es ,,manipulireba” axali
tradiciis Seqmnas (Hobsbawm & Ranger, 1983). samizne
jgufs Seadgenen 16-21 wlis axalgazrdebi da kvleva

192
fokusirebulia im aqtivobebis Seswavlaze, romelTac
Tavisufali drois gasatareblad iyeneben, radgan swo-
red amgvari aqtivobebi asaxavs maT cxovrebis stilsa
da SemoqmedebiTobas.

kvlevis meTodologia. Sevecade ra, maqsimalurad

dameaxlovebina samecniero da yoveldRiuri cxovrebis
sferoebi, risTvisac aucilebeli iyo ,,obieqturi dis-
tanciis daZleva mkvlevris samyarosa da sakvlevi obieq-
tebis kulturul samyaroebs Soris” (Narayan, გვ. 672),
vxelmZRvanelobdi v. grisuoldis mier SemoTavazebuli
argumentebiT kulturis sociologiis sakvlevi oTxi
umTavresi aspeqtis Sesaxeb, rogoricaa mniSvneloba, Za-
laufleba, qmedeba da hegemonia (Griswold, 1992, gv. 324-
326). Cemi SexedulebiT, rac ufro metad iqneboda SesaZ-
lebeli ,,obieqturi distanciis daZleva” mkvlevarsa da
sakvlev obieqtebs Soris oTxive parametris safuZvel-
ze, miT ufro metad waiSleboda sazRvrebi samecniero
da yoveldRiuri cxovrebis sferoebs Soris. swored es
iyo mTavari motivi kvlevaSi Cemi studentebis, rogorc
Tanamkvlevrebis, CarTvisa da axalgazrduli kulturis
analizis mcdelobisa maTi Tvalsawieridan, radgan aSka-
ra iyo, rom, oTxive parametris gaTvaliswinebiT, nakle-
bi ,,obieqturi distancia” arsebobda Cems samizne jguf-
sa da Cems Tanamkvlevrebs Soris, vidre Cems samizne
jgufsa da Cems Soris.
am mizniT, 25 siRrmiseuli intervius Catarebis da
Tbilisis yvelaze popularul musikalur klubebSi dak-
virvebebis ganxorcielebis Semdeg, agreTve popularu-
li axalgazrduli internet-forumebis (www.forum.ge,
www.boke.ge, www.anime.ge) analizis Sedegad, SevarCie 12
studenti (mamrobiTi da mdedrobiTi sqesis, gansxvave-
buli socioekonomikuri safuZvlebis mqone da swavle-

193
bis sxvadasxva safexurze myofi) da vTxove TiToeuls,
ori siRrmiseuli interviu Caetarebina misive socialu-
ri wris warmomadgenel 16-21 wlis axalgazrdasTan (Cems
Tanamkvlevrebs Tavadve unda ganesazRvraT maTi socia-
luri wris warmomadgenlebi). garda amisa, maT dakvirve-
bebi unda ganexorcielebinaT Tbilisis popularul mu-
sikalur klubebSi da refleqsia unda moexdinaT disku-
siebze, romlebic popularul axalgazrdul internet-
forumebze imarTeboda. sul bolos, Cemi Tanamkvlevre-
bi or jgufad davyavi da ori fokus jgufi Cavatare,
raTa gamerkvia, Tu rogor moaxdendnen erTmaneTis in-
terpretaciebis spontanurad Sefasebas. Cemi Tanam-
kvlevrebis mier mopovebulma da interpretirebulma
monacemebma saSualeba momca, interpretirebuli rea-
lobis meoradi interpretacia momexdina, rogorc gir-
ciseuli analizis (“thick description”) ganxorcielebis sa-
Sualeba.

kvlevis Sedegebi. amgvarad, rogor damexmarnen Cemi

studentebi, rogorc Tanamkvlevrebi, ,,obieqturi dis-
tanciis daZlevaSi mkvlevris samyarosa da sakvlevi obi-
eqtebis kulturul samyaroebs Soris” da ra aRmovaCine
maTi interpretaciebis safuZvelze, rac sxva mxriv Cem-
Tvis araxelmisawvdomi iqneboda?
pirveli sakiTxi, romelmac am mimarTulebiT Cemi
yuradReba miipyro, musikalur klubebSi vizitTan da-
kavSirebiT axalgazrdebis Sexedulebebi iyo. saidumlos
ar warmoadgens, rom TbilisSi musikalur klubebSi sia-
ruli sakmaod Zviri siamovnebaa, SedarebiT maRali Se-
mosavlis mqone adamianebisTvisac ki. ra mizezebs asaxe-
leben Tavad axalgazrdebi imis asaxsnelad, Tu ratom
ar dadian musikalur klubebSi da ra gansxvavebaa maTi
TanatolebisTvis (Cemi TanamkvlevrebisTvis) da mkvlev-
risTvis (CemTvis) gankuTvnil versiebs Soris?

194
 TanatolebTan interviuSi axalgazrdebi aRniSnav-
dnen, rom musikalur klubebSi TveSi erTxel an ufro
iSviaTadac ki dadiodnen materialuri saSualebis uqon-
lobis gamo da gamoTqvamdnen survils, ufro xSirad ea-
raT klubebSi, radgan ,,qlabingi” (“clubbing”) Tanamedro-
ve modur tendenciad miaCndaT. CemTan interviuSi ki
isini xSirad aRniSnavdnen, rom klubebSi siaruli saqar-
TveloSi ,,cud tonad” iTvleboda da ,,seriozulad ver
aRiqmeboda, radgan axalgazrdebi iq, umetesad, erTmane-
Tis gasacnobad da mcirexniani urTierTobebis dasamya-
reblad” dadiodnen, rac qarTul tradiciebs ewinaaR-
mdegeba (natalia, 18 wlis).
amdenad, axalgazrdebi ori saxis narativs gvTava-
zoben: erT SemTxvevaSi isini cdiloben, modurad gamoi-
yurebodnen, meore SemTxvevaSi ki - tradiciulad. am
konteqstSi gvaxsendeba riCardsonis mier SemoTavazebu-
li klasifikacia, romelic kvlevis obieqtTa or gan-
sxvavebul narativs aRwers: ,,kulturul istoriebs,”
romelTac respondentebi normatuli wesrigisa da mmar-
Tveli interesebis poziciidan gviamboben, da ,,koleqti-
ur istoriebs,” romelTac isini kulturul istoriaSi
marginalizebuli adamianebis poziciidan gviamboben
(Richardson in Miller & Glassner, 2004, gv, 130). respondentTa
narativebis kulturul da koleqtiur (me vityodi
,,subkulturul”) istoriebad dayofa kodebsa da qmede-
bebs Soris urTierTmimarTebas asaxavs da gviCvenebs, Tu
ra gavlenas axdens ,,kodis moTxroba” socialuri rea-
lobis gansxvavebuli versiebis warmoqmnaze (Jimerson &
Oware, 2006, gv. 24-50). Cvens SemTxvevaSi, es ori gansxva-
vebuli narativi asaxavs qarTveli axalgazrdebis urTi-
erTsapirispiro miswrafebebs tradiciulobisa (moT-
xrobili mkvlevrisTvis/CemTvis ,,kulturuli istoriis”
poziciidan) da Tanamedroveobisadmi (moTxrobili Tana-

195
tolebisTvis/Cemi TanamkvlevrebisTvis ,,koleqtiuri
istoriis” poziciidan), da swored am ori tipis monaT-
xrobis kulturis WrilSi konteqstualizaciam unda
dagvanaxos realuri suraTi.
amgvari konteqstualizacia ki cxadyofs, rom dRes
tradiciuloba namdvilad ar warmoadgens modur ten-
dencias. maS, ra miaCniaT modurad Tanamedrove qarTvel
axalgazrdebs? kvlevis safuZvelze gamovlinda sami mo-
duri tendencia qarTvel axalgazrdebSi: ,,gamorCeulo-
ba” (,,individualoba”), ,,inteleqtualoba” (ufro swo-
red, inteleqtualuri imijis qona) da ,,erovnuloba.”
aRsaniSnavia, rom, Tumca tradiciuloba, moZvelebuli
Sexedulebebis tarebisa da siaxleebisadmi miuReblobis
TvalsazrisiT, arapopularuladaa miCneuli, ,,erovnu-
loba,” rogorc im kulturuli Taviseburebebis Senar-
Cuneba, rac qarTul kulturas sxvebisagan gamoarCevs,
iqneba es qarTuli polifonia, qarTuli xalxuri simRe-
rebi da cekvebi, qarTuli sufris tradiciebi da ,,qar-
Tuli urTierTobebic” ki, raSic axalgazrdebi, umTav-
resad, emociur mijaWvulobasa da Sida jgufis wevrebis
mxridan mxardaWeras gulisxmoben, dResac sakmaod po-
pularuladaa miCneuli.
axalgazrdebisaTvis gamorCeulobis/individualo-
bis mniSvneloba araerTxelaa xazgasmuli axalgazrduli
kulturebisa da subkulturebis rogorc klasikur, ise
Tanamedrove kvlevebSi. rogor aRiqmeba ,,gamorCeuloba”
qarTveli axalgazrdebis mier da ramdenad axlosaa res-
pondentebis, maTi Tanatolebis (Cemi Tanamkvlevrebis)
da mkvlevris (Cemi) Sexedulebebi?
respondentebis sityvebiT, gamorCeuli axalgazrda
ar hgavs ,,tipiur axalgazrdas, romelzec gavlenis mox-
dena Zalian martivia, radgan misTvis mosaxerxebelia,
iyos konformisti... tipiur axalgazrdebs axasiaTebT
sxvebis msgavsi gemovneba, acviaT sxvebis msgavsi tansac-

196
meli da usmenen msgavs musikas. isini ar cdiloben, ma-
sisgan gamoirCeodnen, iyon ufro inteleqtualebi, pi-
riqiT, maT panikurad eSiniaT gamorCeulobis” (TinaTini,
19 wlis). amis sapirispirod, gamorCeuli axalgazrda
,,namdvilad ar aris Cveulebrivi da standartuli, ro-
gorc ,masobrivi tipi.’ mas mravalmxrivi interesebi da
mravalferovani gemovneba aqvs... is gacilebiT mets fiq-
robs da gacilebiT SemoqmedebiTia, vidre sxvebi” (davi-
Ti, 19 wlis).
da aRsaniSnavia, rom respondentebi araTu identu-
rad afaseben gamorCeul da aragamorCeul axalgaz-
rdebs, aramed identuri terminebiTac ki amkoben: ,,indi-
vidualebi” da ,,masobrivi tipebi.” rogorc raodenob-
rivma kontent-analizma gamoavlina, ,,individualebis”
daxasiaTebisas respondentebi Semdeg cnebebs iyeneben:
mravalferovani, arastandartuli, mravalmxrivi, inte-
leqtualuri, SemoqmedebiTi da sxv., xolo ,,masobrivi
tipebis” Sefasebisas, umetesad, Semdegi terminebi gamo-
iyeneba: standartuli, Cveulebrivi, erTferovani, mim-
baZveli, konformisti da sxv.
,,individualebsa” da ,,masobriv tipebs” Soris am-
gvari dayofa saocrad waagavs sara Torntonis respon-
dentebis mier britaneli axalgazrdebis ,,hipad” da ,,me-
insTrimad” dayofas, romelTa maxasiaTeblebi Cveni res-
pondentebis mier gamoyofili maxasiaTeblebis identu-
ria (Thornton, 1996, gv. 115):
hipi meinsTrimi
mravalferovani homogenuri
alternatiuli sworxazobrivi
radikali konformisti
gamorCeuli Cveulebrivi
xedaven ra, rom maTi Tanatolebi Zalian cdiloben,
gamorCeulebi iyon, Tumca maTi mcdelobebi sakamod ho-
mogenuria, da acnobiereben ra, rom maT, SesaZloa,

197
msgavsi miswrafebebi mieweroT, Cemma Tanamkvlevrebma
sakmaod saintereso strategia SeimuSaves sakuTari Ta-
vis individualisturi ambiciebis mqone Tanatolebze
maRla dasayeneblad. es strategia TvalsaCino iyo maT-
Tan fokusuri jgufebis Catarebisas: ,,sinamdvileSi, es
axalgazrdebi sulac ar arian sxvebisgan gamorCeulebi
da gamorCeuloba maTTvis sasurvel da ara realur
mdgomareobas warmoadgens” (mariami, 21 wlis); ,,yvela
cdilobs, gansxvavebuli iyos, arada, es azrs moklebu-
lia... axla vxvdebi, ra gamogvarCevs me da Cems megob-
rebs Cveni Tanatolebisgan - Cven arasdros vcdilobT,
viyoT gamorCeulebi” (Tako, 20 wlis).
winamdebare citatebi naTelyofs, Tu rogor ya-
libdeba avto- da heterostereotipebi da rogor axde-
nen axalgazrdebi erTmaneTis stigmatizebas Sida/gare
jgufisadmi kuTvnilebis safuZvelze. respondentebis
Tanaxmad, maTi megobrebis viwro wre (Sida jgufi) gamo-
irCeva mravalferovani gemovnebiT, mravalmxrivi inte-
resebiT da inteleqtualuri miswrafebebiT, gansxvave-
biT maTi Tanatolebisgan, romlebsac erTferovani ge-
movneba, konformistuli orientacia da inteleqtualu-
ri miswrafebebis nakleboba axasiaTebT. Cemi Tanamkvlev-
rebic xazs usvamen maT gamorCeulobas, Tumca gansxvave-
buli gziT - maTi Sida jgufi (,,Cven”) Tanatolebisgan
imiT gansxvavdeba, rom isini arc ki cdiloben, gamorCe-
ulad gamoiyurebodnen.
rogorc zemoTqmuli adasturebs, axalgazrdebi,
Cveulebriv, gamorCeulobas inteleqtualobasTan akav-
Sireben da maT Sida jgufs am orive maxasiaTebels mia-
weren (ara aqvs mniSvneloba, sinamdvileSi ra kulturu-
li kapitalis matarebelni arian). am konteqstSi auci-
lebelia Cemi Tanamkvlevrebis mier mowodebuli sainte-
reso informacia warmovadgino. aRmoCnda, rom qveyanaSi
mimdinare sociokulturuli cvlilebebisa da saganma-

198
naTleblo reformebis fonze, gansakuTrebiT ,,moduri
gaxda, iyo inteleqtuali,” Tumca, xSirad, es ufro
imijs, vidre realur miswrafebas warmoadgens. aRmoC-
nda, rom bevri axalgazrda, inteleqtualurad rom ga-
moiyurebodes, literaturul kafeebSi dadis, sadac, Se-
saZloa, mTeli dRe uqmad gaataros da erTi gverdic ki
ar waikiTxos, samagierod, sxvebs aCvenos, rom dinebas
ar CamorCeba da uaxles literaturul miRwevebs ecno-
ba. erT-erTi Cemi Tanamkvlevari imaSic ki gamomityda,
rom universitetis biblioTekaSi Sinidan mitanil komiq-
sebs kiTxulobda, sxvebs ki egonaT, rom samecniero li-
teraturas ecnoboda. da aRmoCnda, rom es sakmaod gav-
rcelebuli praqtika iyo axalgazrdebs Soris, ris Sesa-
xebac yvelam icoda, Tumca masze saubars Tavs arideb-
dnen. amgvari qmedeba, rac qarTveli axalgazrdebisTvis
,,kulturuli intimurobis” (Herzfeld, 2005) safuZvels
warmoadgens, pirdapir exmianeba devid magltonis das-
kvnas, rom, gansxvavebiT modernuli axalgazrduli kul-
turebisgan, romlebic Rirebulebebsa da rwmenebs us-
vamdnen xazs, postmodernuli axalgazrduli kulture-
bi garegnuli imijiTa da stiliT arian moxiblulni
(Muggleton, 2002).
inteleqtualobis erT-erT gamoxatulebas qarTve-
li axalgazrdebisTvis maTi slengic warmoadgens. aR-
moCnda, rom qarTuli axalgazrduli slengi yvela im
diskursuli maxasiaTebliT gamoirCeva, rac marsel da-
nesim amerikuli da italiuri Tineijeruli slengebis
Sedarebisas aRwera, iqneba es enis emociuri, konotaci-
uri Tu kliSe-koduri programireba (Danesi, 1994, p.99).
amJamad Cems mizans ar warmoadgens qarTuli axalgaz-
rduli slengis am universaluri maxasiaTeblebis gan-
xilva, aramed msurs, yuradReba mis kulturul-speci-

199
fikur Taviseburebebze gavamaxvilo, raSic isev Cems Ta-
namkvlevrebs unda vumadlode.
qarTuli axalgazrduli slengis uamravi magaliTis
moyvaniT da maTi Tanatolebis mier farTod gamoyene-
buli frazeologiis interpretaciis safuZvelze, Cemma
Tanamkvlevrebma Semdegi daskvnisadmi mibiZges: Turme,
roca maT Tanatolebs vinmes Seuracxyofa an misi pro-
vincializmis dacinva surT, isini, umetesad, ,,rusul-
qarTul” slengs iyeneben, rac, sinamdvileSi, rusuli
sityvebis gadmoqarTulebas warmoadgens da am ori enis
Tavisebur hibrids qmnis. Cveni interviuebidan uamravi
amgvari ,,hibridi” gamovlinda, Tumca amJamad mxolod im
ramdenime magaliTs davjerdebi, rac raodenobrivi kon-
ten-analizis safuZvelze iqna SerCeuli: ,,nu blataob,”
,,ra roJaa,” ,,riJa bazaria,” ,,magari prativnia” da sxv.
xolo, roca axalgazrdebs surT, ,,magrebi” gamoCndnen
an inteleqtualurad JRerdnen, isini msgavsi tipis ,,in-
glisur-qarTul” slengs iyeneben, romlis gavrcelebu-
li nimuSebic isev raodenobrivma kontent-analizma ga-
moavlina: ,,magari qulia,” ,,es musika laiTia,” ,,damimesi-
je,” ,,fromouSeni gaukeTes” da sxv.
unda vivaraudoT, rom axalgazrduli slengi qvey-
nis dominantur politikur diskurss asaxavs da masSi
Tavs iCens saqarTvelos ganwyoba misi mCagvreli mezob-
lis mimarT, amitom is ar unda JRerdes uCveulod im
pirobebSi, roca ruseTi saqarTvelos ZiriTad mtradaa
miCneuli, SeerTebuli Statebi ki - mis mTavar megobrad
da mokavSired, araferi rom vTqvaT im faqtis Sesaxeb,
rom Tavad inglisuri ena globalizaciis enaa da qar-
Tvel axalgazrdebSi rusul enas karga xania CamoarTva
,,meore enis” statusi.
da bolos, kidev erTi moduri tendencia, romelic
kvlevam gamoavlina, ,,erovnulobaa,” Tumca, gamorCeu-
lobis da inteleqtualobis msgavsad, isic, xSirad, uf-

200
ro imijis Tu fasadis saxiTaa SenarCunebuli. axalgaz-
rdebis azriT, ,,iyo erovnuli” niSnavs, usmende qarTul
tradiciul musikas, mRerode qarTul xalxur simRe-
rebs (Tu rTul polifonias ara, sufrul simRerebs ma-
inc) da aucileblad SeinarCuno ,,qarTuli urTierTobe-
bi.” ra unda gamxdariyo dRes ,,erovnulad yofnis” ase-
Ti popularobis mizezi da ramdenad gulwrfelia amgva-
ri miswrafeba ,,erovnulobisken”?
respondentebis Sexedulebebidan gamomdinare Seg-
viZlia vivaraudoT, rom ,,erovnulobis” xazgasma Tana-
medrove globalizebul samyaroSi ,,kulturuli inti-
murobis” SenarCunebis ZiriTadi strategiaa. is ara mar-
to ,,erovnuli sulis” dacvis saSualebaa maSin, roca
arsebobs Zlevamosili mezoblis mier okupaciis realu-
ri safrTxe, aramed im dasavluri tendenciebisTvis wi-
naaRmdegobis gawevis meqanizmicaa, romelTac Cveni sa-
zogadoeba ,,damaxinjebulad iTvisebs” (qeTi, 18 wlis).
axalgazrdebis mTavar satkivars ,,Tavisuflebis” dasav-
luri gageba warmoadgens, romelic, maTi TqmiT, maTi
Tanatolebis mier ,,garyvnilebadaa” gagebuli: ,,miuxeda-
vad imisa, rom undaT Tavisuflebi iyon, maT ar esmiT am
Tavisuflebis arsi... es albaT Cveni mentalitetis bra-
lia. zRvari daikarga, zRvari aRar arsebobs Tavisuf-
lebasa da garyvnilebas Soris” (salome, 20 wlis).
Cemma Tanamkvlevrebma am sakiTxze araCveulebrivi
refleqsia moaxdines. maT daufaravad aRiares, rom miu-
xedavad sxvebisTvis miwerisa, Tavad isinic da maTi Sida
jgufic dasavluri praqtikebis kopirebas axdenen; Tum-
ca, maTi azriT, mTavar problemas ara am praqtikebis
,,damaxinjeba,” aramed maTi gauazrebeli kopireba warmo-
adgenda: ,,ver damTavrda saqarTveloSi prorusuli da
proamerikuli kulturis gadmoRebis epoqa da ara da ar
daiwyo proqarTuli epoqa... bolos da bolos, amerika
ver gvaswavlis, rogor SevqmnaT istoria; amerikas SeuZ-

201
lia gvaswavlos, rogor SevqmnaT demokratia da ara
kultura.qarTvelebma demokratiis mxolod is princi-
pebi unda aviRoT magaliTad, romlebic qarTul princi-
pebsa da realobas Seesabameba” (anano, 19 wlis).
marTalia, Cemi Tanamkvlevrebi aRiarebdnen, rom
mimdinare globalizaciis pirobebSi gariyulad yofna
ara marto SeuZlebeli, aramed iracionaluricaa, isini
xazs usvamdnen im faqts, rom iseTi patara qveynebis-
Tvis, rogoric saqarTveloa, da romelTac wilad xvdaT
didi saxelmwifoebis mxridan okupacia, sasicocxlod
mniSvnelovani iyo ,,erovnuli sulis” SenarCuneba, Tum-
ca modernizebuli formiT. amitomacaa, rom maT mier
gamokiTxuli axalgazrdebis didi nawili kvlav qarTul
sufrul tradiciebs misdevs, Tumca sadRegrZeloebis
tradiciuli sistemis adaptacias axdens, kvlav qarTul
xalxur musikas da polifonias usmens, Tumca, umetesad,
maT modernizebul versiebs (interviuebidan gamomdina-
re, ,,Sini” da ,,assa-farTi” axalgazrdebis mier yvelaze
popularul qarTvel Semsruleblebad arian miCneulni)
da uars ambobs qarTuli popis mosmenaze, romelic, ma-
Ti sityvebiT, ,,dasavluri popis ugemovno mibaZvas war-
moadgens” (sandro, 16 wlis).
am konteqstSi martin robertsis mier SemoTavaze-
buli Tanamedrove subkulturuli praqtikis formebi
gvaxsendeba, romlebic aRwers rogorc subkulturulis
rols globalizaciis pirobebSi, ise globalizaciis
rols subkulturebisTvis. qarTvel axalgazrdebs So-
ris gavrcelebuli ,,erovnulobis” moduri tendencia
unda warmoadgendes subkulturul praqtikas, romelic
miiswrafvis kulturuli gansxvavebulobisaken, rac gu-
lisxmobs ,,kulturul sxvad” (“cultural other”) yofnas da
rasac robertsi ,,primitivistul warmosaxvas” (“primiti-
vist imaginary”) uwodebs (Roberts, 2005, gv. 579), Tumca, ne-

202
gatiuri SefasebiTi konotaciis gamo, Tavad termini sa-
davod mimaCnia.
dasasruls, rogor afaseben Tavad axalgazrdebi
lokalurisa da globaluris da aRmosavlurisa da da-
savluris urTierTmimarTebas qarTul axalgazrdul
kulturaSi? respondentebis Tanaxmad, radgan saqarTve-
lo, istoriulad, evropasa da azias Soris ,,xidad” iT-
vleboda, rogorc misi dominanturi, ise axalgazrduli
kulturebi yovelTvis axdendnen dasavluri da aRmosav-
luri kulturebis elementebis kombinirebas. respon-
dentebis mier SemoTavazebuli dasavluri kulturuli
maxasiaTeblebis CamonaTvali sakmaod farToa da iseT
elementebs moicavs, rogoricaa individualizmi, axal-
gazrdebis materialuri damoukidebloba mSoblebisgan,
arCevanis Tavisufleba, sqesobrivi urTierTobebis Ta-
visufleba, genderuli Tanasworoba da sxv. aRmosavlu-
ri kulturuli maxasiaTeblebis CamonaTvali ki, ZiriTa-
dad, Semdeg sam elements moicavs: axalgazrdebis mate-
rialuri damokidebuleba mSoblebze, mamakacebsa da qa-
lebs Soris tradiciuli urTierTobebi, romelSic ad-
gili ara aqvs genderul Tanasworobas da sqesobrivi
urTierTobebis mkacri regulacia.
refleqsirebas axdenen ra maTi Tanatolebis mier
warmodgenil dasavluri da aRmosavluri kulturuli
maxasiaTeblebis CamonaTvalze da acnobiereben ra, rom
maT safuZvelze, qarTuli axalgazrduli kultura aR-
mosavlur da ara dasavlur kulturaTa ricxvs miekuT-
vneba, Cemi Tanamkvlevrebi cdiloben aRmosavlur da da-
savlur kulturul maxasiaTeblebs Soris balansis dam-
yarebas da aRniSnaven, rom, Tumca qarTuli kultura
aRmosavluri kulturebisTvis Cveuli garkveuli Tavi-
sebrebebis matarebelia, Tanamedrove pirobebSi dasav-
luri gavlenebi gacilebiT Zlieria, rac aisaxeba kidec
,,stilsa da CacmulobaSi, musikalur gemovnebaSi, sqe-

203
sobrivi urTierTobebisadmi cvalebad damokidebuleba-
Si da sxv.” (maia, 17 wlis). ,,udavoa, rom globalizaciis
pirobebSi dasavluri gavlenebi gacilebiT Zlieria,
Tumca Cveni axalgazrduli kultura arc sufTa dasav-
luria da arc aRmosavluri, is sufTa qarTulia... qar-
Tulad xdeba es yvelaferi. raRac inovaciebi aris, mag-
ram mainc tradiciul farglebSia isev. TiTqos aris Ta-
visufleba, magram sxvebze damokidebuli Tavisufleba...
es aris qarTuli sinamdvile” (mari, 20 wlis).
da marTalia, es axalgazrdebi ar icnoben fridma-
nis Sexedulebebs, rom globaluri kulturuli obieq-
tebi yovelTvis lokalizebas ganicdis, anu axlebura-
daa danaxuli da SeTvisebuli adgilobrivi mosaxleobis
mier, da arc ,,brikolaJis” cnebis Sesaxeb smeniaT, rome-
lic farTod gamoiyeneba klarkis, hebdijis, uilisis,
kaizeris da sxvebis naSromebSi, maTi mosazrebebi naT-
lad miuTiTebs lokalizaciis mniSvnelobasa da briko-
laJis rols qarTul axalgazrdul kulturaSi: ,,veravin
ver aiTvisebda da veravin ver gadmoaqarTulebda,
vTqvaT, evropul kulturas ise, rogorc saqarTveloSi
moxda. saboloo jamSi, specifikuri nazavi gamovida.
principSi, Cveni fsiqikaa ukve danawevrebuli imitom,
rom aRarc is varT, aRarc es varT, raRac amorfulebi
varT” (TinaTini, 19 wlis).
amgvarad, axalgazrdebi xazs usvamen qarTuli
axalgazrduli kulturis gamorCeulobas, radgan msof-
lio inovaciebis qarTul tradiciebTan kombinireba
unikalur sinTezs iZleva, romelic sxvagan verafriT
gameordeba. sxva yvelaferTan erTad, Tavisuflebis
cnebac ki kulturul-specifikurad aRiqmeba qarTveli
axalgazrdebis mier. da rac ar unda iyos qarTuli
axalgazrduli kulturis Semadgeneli elementebi - da-
savluri, aRmosavluri, Tu maTi ,,specifikuri nazavi” -

204
is mainc qarTulad rCeba, radgan es elementebi yovel-
Tvis ,,gadmoqarTulebulia.”
naSromis dasasruls, warmogidgenT brikolaJis
TvalsaCino magaliTs, romelsac Tanamedrove alterna-
tiuli musikis Semqmneli erT-erTi DJ gvTavazobs: ,,me,
SesaZloa, gamoviyeno dasavluri elementebi Cemi qarTu-
li eskizis Sesamkobad, magram is mainc yovelTvis qar-
Tulad rCeba da es gansakuTrebul siamayes maniWebs!”
(irakli, 21 wlis).

Lia Tsuladze

Youth Identities through Bricolage in Modern Georgia

The paper discusses how youth identities are constructed

through bricolage in modern Georgia. Based on the assumption that
in the contemporary changeable world, the fact of being exposed to
the values and lifestyles of different subgroups or subcultures gives
individuals “the power of a personal manipulation of the diversified
materials provided by their society ... [and] under these conditions,
the culture that is experienced differs notably from the culture that is
given” (Camilleri, Malewska-Peyre, 1997), my aim is to explore this
“experienced culture” of youth in modern Georgia, to demonstrate
how the youth manipulate “diversified materials” provided by both
their local society and the global culture, and to find out whether it
results in the invention of a new tradition. The research has focused
on youth’s leisure activities as the ways of representing their lifestyle
and expressing their creativity, and my target group has been the
youth aged 16-21.
Attempting to bring closer “the world of engaged scholarship
and the world of everyday life” (Narayan, 1993), I have involved my
students as co-researchers in the study aiming to analyze youth
culture seen from the perspective of youth themselves, as these co-

205
researchers represent the same age group involved in similar cultural
practices as the target group. Thus, the ultimate findings come from
the comparison between the interpretations by my students and me,
and the secondary interpretation by me as a means of gaining a
“thick description” (Geertz, 2000). Such an approach has proved to
be especially revealing in identifying research subjects’ different
kinds of narratives, namely, “cultural stories” - “told from the point
of view of the ruling interests and the normative order” and
“collective stories” - told from the perspective of those “who are
silenced or marginalized in the cultural story” (Richardson in Miller
& Glassner, 2004). In our case, these two distinct narratives have
illustrated the research subjects’ contradictory aspirations toward
tradition (told to me from the perspective of “cultural story”) and
modernity (told to their peers/my co-researchers from the perspective
of “collective story”), and helped me get closer to the real
implications of three most fashionable trends among contemporary
Georgian youth revealed by the research - “being distinctive,” “being
intellectual,” and “being national.”

gamoyenebuli da citirebuli literatura:

surmaniZe, l. qarTuli kulturis zogierTi orienta-

cia. qalTa ganaTlebisa da informaciis saerTaSo-
riso centri, Tbilisi, 2000.

wulaZe, l. socializaciis zogierTi problema qarTu-

li kulturis konteqstSi (avtonomiuroba da san-
qciebi). sakandidato disertacia. Tbilisis saxel-
mwifo universiteti, Tbilisi, 2003.

Appadurai, A., ‘Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural

Economy’ in Modernity at Large. A. Appadurai(ed),
University of Minnesota Press, 1996, pp. 27-47.

206
Camilleri, C. and Malewska-Peyre, H., ‘Socialization and Identity
Strategies’ in Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology (2nd
ed), Vol. 2. J.W. Berry, Y. H. Poortinga and J. Pandey (eds),
Allyn and Bacon , Boston, 1997, pp. 43-67.

Danesi, M., Cool: The Signs and Meanings of Adolescence.

University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1994.

Geertz, C., The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books, New York,

2000.

Griswold, W., ‘The Sociology of Culture: Four Good Arguments

(and One Bad One)’. Acta Sociologica, vol. 35, 1992, pp. 323-
328.

Hebdige, D., Subculture: The Meaning of Style. Routledge, London

and New York, 1979.

Herzfeld, M., Cultural Intimacy (2nd ed). Routledge, New York,

2005.

Hobsbawm, E. and Ranger, T., The Invention of Tradition.

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1983.

Jimerson, J. B. and Oware, M. K., ‘Telling the Code of the Street: An

Ethnomethodological Ethnography’. Journal of Contemporary
Ethnography, vol. 35 (1), 2006, pp. 24-50.

Miller, J. and Glassner, B., ‘The ‘Inside’ and the ‘Outside’- Finding
Realities in Interviews’ in Qualitative Research: Theory,
Method and Practice (2nd ed). D. Silverman (ed), Sage
Publications, London, 2004, pp. 125-139.

207
Muggleton, D., Inside Subculture:The Postmodern Meaning of Style
(Dress, Body, Culture). Berg, Oxford and New York, 2002.

Narayan, K., ‘How Native is a “Native” Anthropologist?’. American

Anthropologist, vol. 95 (3), 1993, pp. 671-686.

Roberts, M., ‘Notes on the Global Underground: Subcultures and

Globalization’ in The Subcultures Reader (2nd ed.). K. Gelder
(ed), Routledge, London and New York, 2005, pp. 575-586.

Straw, W., ‘Communities and Scenes in Popular Music’ in The

Subcultures Reader (2nd ed.). K. Gelder (ed), Routledge,
London and New York, 2005, pp. 469-478.

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 qalTa arasamTavrobo organizaciebi
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis
procesSi

maia wurwumia
social-politikur mecnierebaTa
fakultetis politikur mecnierebaTa
mimarTuleba, doqtoranti

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis idea, romelic manamdec

farTod ganixileboda socialur da politikur azrov-
nebis istoriaSi, “demokratizaciis mesame talRis” gaaq-
tiurebasTan erTad uaRresad aqtualuri gaxda. ssrk-s
daSlis Semdgomi cvlilebebi warimarTa demokratiisa
da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis damkvidrebis lozungiT.
komunizmidan ganTavisuflebis Semdgom saqarTveloSi
yalibdeba qcevis axali wesebi, demokratiuli procedu-
rebi da institutebi, Tumca isic cxadia, rom saqarTve-
lo jerac ver miuaxlovda demokratiis sasurvel mo-
dels. amdenad samoqalaqo sazogadoebis problema, ro-
melic aniWebs demokratias mis namdvil Sinaars, centra-
lur sakiTxad rCeba politikosebisa da politologebis
wreSi. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis maxasiaTeblebi da fun-
qciebi sxvadasxva qveynebSi gansxvavebulia, rasac ganapi-
robebs qveynis istoria da arsebuli socialuri garemo.
saqarTveloSi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis birTvs warmo-
adgens arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, romlebic mowo-
debulni arian asaxon moqalaqeTa interesebisa da saWi-
roebebis farTo speqtri. aRsaniSnavia, rom samoqalaqo
organizaciebs unda SeeZloT Tanabrad gamoxaton Tavi-
anTi wevrebis, kacebis da qalebis saWiroebebi, magram
rogorc Cvens mier Seswavlili qalTa organizaciebis
liderebma ganacxades, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis

209
nawili da media, rogorc sainformacio samoqalaqo in-
stituti saqarTveloSi, naklebad interesdeba genderu-
li problemebiT, amitom qalTa organizaciebma sakuTar
Tavze aiRes es funqcia.
unda aRiniSnos rom qalTa organizaciis qveS Cven
vgulisxmobT gaerTianebas, romelic axorcielebs moq-
medebaTa farTo speqtrs qalTa interesebis dacvisaT-
vis.
qalTa organizaciebis prioritetuli mimarTule-
bebia: qalTa mimarT Zaladoba, maT Soris ojaxuri Zala-
doba, diskriminaciuli samsaxurebrivi praqtika, gadaw-
yvetilebis miRebis procesze SezRuduli xelmisawvdo-
moba, negatiuri genderuli stereotipebi. aRniSnuli
organizaciebi muSaoben Semdeg sakiTxebze: qalTa ufle-
bebis dacva, maTTvis iuridiuli daxmareba. zogierTi
jgufi specializirdeba konkretul sakiTxebze samar-
Tlebrivi daxmarebis aRmoCenaze. Semdeg modis saganma-
naTleblo saubrebis, treiningebisa da seminarebis Cata-
reba, konferenciebis mowyoba, genderuli programebis
Seqmna universitetebSi, wignebis, kvlevebis gamocema.
arasamTavrobo organizaciebSi moRvawe qalebi miiCneven,
rom maTi erT-erTi mTavari miRweva aris is, rom Tanda-
TanobiT xdeba genderuli uTanasworobis problemis
aRiareba. qalTa ganaTlebisa da informaciis saerTaSo-
riso centris warmomadgeneli qalbatoni maia kuprava
acxadebs, rom treining-seminarebis mimdinareobis da-
sawyisSi qalTa didi nawili ar aRiarebs, rom is aris
raRac niSniT Cagruli, magram seminarebis bolos maTi
xedvebi mniSvnelovnad icvleba.2 qalTa arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis muSaobis Sedegad miRweuli progresi
SesamCnevia samarTaldamcavi organoebis TanamSromlebi-
sa da sxva oficialuri pirebis codnis amaRlebis kuT-
xiT adamianTa vaWrobisa da ojaxSi ZaladobasTan dakav-
Sirebul sakiTxebze. Semdeg popularul Temad SegviZ-

210
lia davasaxeloT qalTa Sesabamisi informaciuli uz-
runvelyofa. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia samxreT kavkasiis
genderuli qselis internetportali www.ginsc.net. am
saitze momxmarebels saSualeba aqvs moipovos informa-
cia genderuli Tanasworobis, trefikingisa da ojaxSi
Zaladobis sferoSi arsebuli movlenebis Sesaxeb. aseve
SeuZlia gaecnos msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebSi qalTa
uflebebis dacvis sferoSi arsebul kanonmdeblobas,
normatiul aqtebs, Catarebul kvlevebs. mis farglebSi
moewyo 2007-2008 wlebSi ramdenime onlain konferencia,
ojaxuri Zaladobis, trefikingis, aseve 2008 wlis sapar-
lamento arCevnebis Temebze. saqarTveloSi sainforma-
cio teqnologiebSi lider organizaciad unda davasaxe-
loT qalTa sainformacio centri. mas gaaCnia baza ara-
samTavrobo organizaciebisa da sainiciativo jgufebis
sakontaqto informaciebis Sesaxeb. organizaciaSi ewevi-
an satelefono da pirdapir konsultaciebs calkeul
pirovnebebTan. rogorc qalTa sainformacio centris
xelmZRvanelma elene ruseckaiam pirad interviuSi ga-
nacxada, 2008 wlis agvistoSi ruseT-saqarTvelos Soris
saomari moqmedebebis mimdinareobis pirobebSi, isini in-
formacias rusul da inglisur enebze avrcelebdnen
genderuli sainformacio portalis meSveobiT, rome-
lic ar iyo im dros sxva wyaroebis msgavsad dablokili.
amdenad maT gahqondaT saqarTvelos poziciis amsaxveli
informacia saerTaSoriso doneze. aRniSnulma saitma
Seasrula erTgvari media saagentos funqcia qveynis in-
teresebidan gamomdinare. qalTa arasamTavrobo organi-
zaciebi uSveben gazeTebs, Jurnalebs, sxvadasxva biule-
tenebs, wignebsa da broSurebs. arseboben organizacie-
bi, romlebic orientirebulni arian mravalSvilian de-
daTa problemebze, invalidTa dacvaze, ewevian qvelmoq-
medebas.

211
 qalTa sainformacio centris klasifikaciiT, yve-
laze prioriteteuli Tema, romelzec qalTa arasamTav-
robo organizaciebi muSaoben aris ojaxuri Zaladobis
winaaRmdeg brZola da qalTa monawileobis gazrda po-
litikur cxovrebaSi. swored maT Zalisxmevas unda da-
vukavSiroT “ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, ojaxSi Zala-
dobis msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebs Sesaxeb” kanonis
arseboba. Zaladobis msxverpls icavs saxelwifo meqa-
nizmebi. es aris dakavebisa da dacvis orderebi. kanonis
erT-erTi iniciatoris, 2004-2008 wlebSi genderuli Ta-
nasworobis saparlamento sabWos xelmZRvanelis qeTi
maxaraSvilis TqmiT, kanonma gaamarTla Tavisi molodi-
ni. misi “ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, ukve 6 Tvis mere poli-
ciasa da sasamarTloSi Setanili iyo saqmeebi, aRZruli
ojaxuri Zaladobis faqtebTan dakavSirebiT.3 kanonis
miRebis Semdeg 2007 wlis pirvel naxevarSi gacemul iqna
300 ordeni.4 qalTa arasamTavrobo organizaciebi aseve
uweven qalebs fsiqologiur da iuridiul daxmarebas. am
organizaciebis bazaze arsebobs e.w. Selterebi _ TavSe-
safari ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverpli qalebisTvis. Tumca
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi uCivian
arastabilur dafinansebas da miiCneven, rom kargi iqne-
ba, Tu maT daafinansebs saxelwifo. aRsaniSnavia aseve,
rom kanonis monitoringis TvalsazrisiT, arsebobs sa-
xelwifo struqtura. saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelo-
bisa da socialuri dacvis saministroSi funqcionirebs
trefikingis sabWo, romelmac SeiTavsa ojaxSi Zalado-
bis winaaRmdeg kanonis monitoringic.
sakmaod aqtiuria arasamTavrobo seqtori qalTa
gadawyvetilebis miRebisa da saerTod qalTa politiku-
ri monawileobis gazrdis kuTxiT. isini gansakuTrebiT
aqtiurad muSaoben partiis wevr qalebTan. qalTa ganaT-
lebisa da informaciis saerTaSoriso centris iniciati-
viT Segrovda 32 aTasi xelmowera saarCevno kanonmdeb-

212
lobaSi genderulad dabalansebis kuTxiT cvlilebebis
Setanis moTxovniT. saubari iyo politikuri qvotebis,
rogorc droebiTi movlenis, SemoRebis aucilebloba-
zec. saboloo jamSi genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb
kanonSi gaTvaliswinebul iqna garkveuli finansuri ja-
rimebi genderulad daubalansebeli politikuri parti-
ebisTvis. qalTa arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmo-
madgenlebi miiCneven, rom dRes moRvawe qalebi ar ari-
an sruluflebiani politikuri subieqtebi, mxolod
maT saxes da saxels iyeneben mamakacebi partiis warmate-
bisTvis.5
qalTa arasamTavrobo organizaciebi monawileoben
samSvidobo misiebSi. UNIFEM-is regionaluri proeqtis
“qalebi konfliqtis prevenciisa da mSvidobis mSeneblo-
bisaTvis samxreT kavkasiaSi”, mxardaWeriT 2002 wels da-
arsda qalTa qseli _ qalTa erToba mSvidobisaTvis. maT
sakuTar miznad daisaxes qalTa monawileobiT mSvidobi-
sa da genderuli Tanasworobis miRweva. qalTa arasam-
Tavrobo organizaciebi awyoben Sexvedrebs konfliqtur
regionebSi. “genderuli ganviTarebis asociaciis” xel-
mZRvanelis nana WaniSvilis TqmiT, “saqarTveloSi
mcxovreb os qalTa saerTaSoriso asociacia” da misi
xelmZRvaneli izo tigieva did daxmarebas uwevda maT
os qalebTan urTierTobis damyarebaSi.
qalTa organizaciebi muSaoben qvelmoqmedebis kuT-
xiT. magaliTad, ruseT saqarTvelos Soris 2008 wlis
agvistos omis dros xorcieldeboda Sexvedrebi devni-
lebTan, maTi saWiroebebis Seswavla da daxmarebis aRmo-
Cena. qalTa arasamTavrobo organizaciebi aseve muSao-
ben qalTa dasaqmebis, janmrTelobis dacvis da sxva mi-
marTulebebiT.
yovelive zemoTaRniSnulis safuZvelze SegviZlia
vTqvaT, rom qalTa arasamTavrobo organizaciebma miaR-
wies garkeul simwifes da daimkvidres sakuTari adgili

213
qarTul arasamTavrobo seqtorSi. qalTa arasamTavrobo
organizaciebi ganviTarebis im etapze imyofebian, rode-
sac SeuZliaT qveyanaSi mimdinare calkeul procesebze
zegavlenis moxdena. parlamentSi arsebobs genderuli
Tanasworobis sakonsultacio sabWo, romelic arasam-
Tavrobo seqtorTan aqtiurad TanamSromlobs. am Tval-
sazirisiT bolo dros yvelaze mniSvnelovani movlena
iyo genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb kanonis miReba,
romelic SemuSavda gaeros ganviTarebis programis pro-
eqtis farglebSi “genderi da politika samxreT kavkasi-
aSi.”
Tumca qalTa arasamTavrobo organizaciebi amJRav-
neben mTel rig iseT sisusteebs, rac zogadad damaxasi-
aTebelia qarTuli samoqalaqo seqtorisaTvis. aqedan
aRsaniSnavia solidarobis nakleboba da kordinirebul
moqmedebaTa sisuste. am mxriv mniSvnelovani movlena
iyo 2000 wels qalTa arasamTavrobo organizaciebis ko-
aliciis Seqmna. arasamTavrobo seqtorSi moRvawe adami-
anebi miiCneven, rom am koaliciis mTavari dadebiTi mxa-
re iyo is, rom man informaciis gacvlisa da urTier-
Tgacnobis funqcia ikisra. amJamad koalicia, rogorc
misi yofili wevrebi acxadeben, qmediTi aRar aris.6
amave dros ikveTeba qalTa arasamTavrobo organi-
zaciebis moqmedebaTa viwro, karCaketili xasiaTi. zogi-
erTi maTgani mxolod formalurad arsebobs. magali-
Tad, qalbatoni maia kuprava, romelic iTvleba “marto-
xela mSobelTa asociaciis” direqtorad, acxadebs rom
es organizacia didi xania ar funqcionirebs, Tumca igi
kvlav ganagrZobs qaRaldze arsebobas qalTa sainforma-
cio centris bazaSi, aseve rogorc qalTa arasamTavro-
bo organizaciebis koaliciis wevri.7 im organizaciebis
ricxvi, romlebic realurad muSaoben qalTa problema-
tikaze mcirea, saboloo jamSi saxeze gvaqvs qalTa ara-
samTavrobo organizaciebis fragmentuli aqtivoba. maTi

214
moRvaweobis arastabilurobas ganapirobebs aseve finan-
suri resursebis simwire, bevr maTgans ar aqvs ofisi,
saiti, proeqtebze muSaoba xdeba didi Sesvenebebis gake-
TebiT. saqarTveloSi qalTa arasamTavrobo organizaci-
ebis umetesoba damokidebulia dasavlur daxmarebaze.
donoruli organizaciebis daxmareba mimarTulia saqar-
Tvelos demokratiuli tipis saxelwifod Camoyalibebi-
saken, Tumca aman negatiuri Sinaarsic SeiZina. rogorc
naSromSi “genderi da demokratizacia” saqarTvelo
1991-2006” aris aRniSnuli, donorebs Soris “gamarTul-
ma arajansaRma konkurenciam aseTive arajansaRi konku-
renciis garemo Seqmna arasamTavrobo organizaciebs So-
ris saqmianobis, sferoebisa da resusrsebis mosapoveb-
lad.”8 sazogadoebis nawilic gamoTqvams eWvs, rom qal-
Ta organizaciebi ganicdian donorebis did gavlenas,
amitom isini sakuTari qmedebebis ganxorcielebisas uf-
ro metad orinentirebulni arain donorebze, vidre sa-
zogadeobaze. xdeba zogierT SemTxvevaSi genderuli
uTanasworobis problemis radikalizacia, rac sazoga-
doebis nawilis, maT Soris qalebis mxridanac, iwvevs
protests, xolo maT mier ganxorcielebuli aqtivoba ki
emsgavseba iZulebiTi emansipaciis kampanias.
arasamTavrobo seqtorisaTvis kvlav problemas
warmoadgens kvalificiuri kadrebis arseboba, mudmivad
xdeba maTi gadineba saxelwifo da saerTaSoriso struq-
turebSi, sadac isini pouloben met SesaZleblobebs sa-
kuTari moTxovnebis realizaciisTvis. qalTa arasamTav-
robo organizaciebi, rogorc zogadad samoqalaqo seq-
tori kvlav ganicdis sazogadoebriv imijTan dakavSire-
bul, iseve rogorc sazogadoebis mxridan cnobadobas
problemebs. genderuli Tanasworobis damcveli lela
xomeriki miiCnevs, rom arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
warmomadgenlebi ar arian varskvlavebi, rom maT yvela
icnobdes. eqspertTa sxva nawili, iseve rogorc qalba-

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toni lela, amas ukavSirebs mediis genderulad aram-
grZnobelobas. isini miiCneven, rom media orientirebu-
lia ageresiul informaciaze, amitom ar xdeba im pozi-
tiuri movlenebis gaSuqeba, romelic NGO-ebis saqmiano-
bas ukavSirdeba. medias didi roli ekisreba sazogadoe-
bis socializaciis saqmeSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom Jurna-
listikaSi umetesad qalebi arian dasaqmebuli, is ufro
metad uwyobs xels stereotipuli azrovnebis damkvid-
rebas. Tumca arasamTavrobo seqtors TviTonac aqvs sa-
zogadoebasTan urTierTobis garkveuli unarCvevebi, aw-
yobs preskonferenciebs, Sexvedrebs, arsebobs genderis
sakiTxze momuSave JurnalistTa qseli.
amdenad, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom qalTa arasam-
Tavrobo organizaciebma miaRwies ganviTarebis garkve-
ul safexurs, daugrovdaT erToblivi muSaobis gamoc-
dileba da qarTuli samoqalaqo seqtoris angariSgasawev
aqtorebad iqcnen. magram amasTan, rogorc zemoT aRi-
niSna, maT warmatebebs aqvT fragmentuli xasiaTi, qalTa
organizaciebi jerjerobiT ver axerxeben saxelmwifo
doneze aqtiuri lobireba gauwion qalTa interesebs,
aseve sustia maTi gavlena sazogadoebrivi azris formi-
rebaze.

Abstract
Maia Tsurtsumia–PhD student of the Faculty of Social and
Political Sciences of TSU.

Non-governmental organisations of women in the process of civil

society development

One can consider the 90-ies of the 20th century as a point

of the beginning of the creation of modern non-governmental
organizations working on a gender issue. In this period Georgia

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was in the process of formation as a democratic state and a
civil society has begun developing simultaneously. For the
present, the formations of women's movement definitively is
not finished, though the female organizations have reached a
certain step of development as they can influence the separate
processes occurring in the country. At the same time their
success has the incidental and limited character. Nowadays
they are not in a position to give an active support and lobby
the interests of women at the state level as their influence on
public opinion formation is insignificant.

gamoyenebuli da citirebuli literatura:

1. nodia gia, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTareba sa-

qarTveloSi: miRwevebi da gamowvevebi. strategiis
ganacxadi. mSvidobis, demokratiisa da ganviTare-
bis kavkasiuri instituti, Tbilisi, 2005
2. sabedaSvili Tamar, genderi da demokratizacia, sa-
qarTvelo 1991-2006, Tbilisi, 2007
3. sanikiZe lia, patariZe Tamar, aladaSvili irma, mesxi
mari, noibaueri
violeta, realoba: qalTa Tanaswori uflebebi da SesaZ-
leblobebi
saqarTveloSi, poligraf +, Tbilisi, 2006.
4. saqarTvelos kanoni genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb
5. qali da kaci saqarTveloSi, saqarTvelos ekonomiku-
ri ganviTarebis saministro, statistikis departa-
menti, Tbilisi 2008
6. cixisTavi nino, imedaZe rusudan, genderuli politi-
kis ganxorcieleba saqarTveloSi, kavkasiis qalTa
qseli, 2002

217
7. .”Zaladoba saqarTveloSi _ genderuli damokidebu-
lebis kvleva, qalTa sakonsultacio centri “sax-
li”. Oxfam, Tbilisi 2002
8. wurwumia maia, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis formireba
saqarTveloSi, Tbilisi 2006
9. Assessment of needs of women’s movement in Georgia
Briefing-paper for the international development agencies and
grantmaking institutions, Women’s Information Center, Tbilisi
2007
10. Bringing Security Home: Combating Violence against women in
the OSCE Region. A Complication of Good Practices 2009
www.osce.org/gender
11. Men and Women in Politics: Democracy Still in the Making. A
World Comparative Study, Inter-Parliamnetary Union, 1997

miTiTebuli sqolio:

1. wyaro: piradi interviu, Cawerilia 2009 wlis 11

Tebervals
2. ix. http://www.ginsc.net-ze internet konferencia “uT-
xari uari qalebis winaaRmdeg Zaladobas.” monawi-
leTa pasuxebi, maxaraSvili qeTi
3. iqve, monawileTa pasuxebi, guliko beqauri.
4. wyaro: kviris palitra, 2010-05-07 “demokratiisaT-
vis miuRebelia politika qalis gareSe”
5. wyaro: qvemoT miTiTebuli interviuebi
6. wyaro: piradi interviu, Cawerilia 2009 wlis 11
Tebervals
7. sabedaSvili Tamar, genderi da demokratizacia, sa-
qarTvelo 1991-2006, Tbilisi, gv.45

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 internet masalebi:
1. http://www.wcg.org.ge
2. http://www.wicge.org
3. http://www.ginsc.net/
4. http://www.unece.org/stats/gender/web

interviuebi:

1. interviu elene ruseckaiasTan, qalTa sainforma-

cio centri, Cawerilia 2009 wlis 28 ianvars
2. interviu nana berekaSvilTan, konfliqtebisa da
molaparakebebis saerTaSoriso kvleviTi centri;
Cawerilia 2009 wlis 3 Tebervals
3. interviu lela xomerikTan, genderuli Tanasworo-
bis sakiTxTa eqsperti, Cawerilia 2009 wlis 5Te-
bervals
4. interviunana WaniSvilTan, genderuli ganviTarebis
asociacia, Cawerilia 2009 wlis 9 Tebervals.
5. interviu maia kupravasTan, qalTa ganaTlebisa da
informaciis saerTaSoriso centri, Cawerilia 2009
wlis 11 Tebervals.

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E-mail: universal@internet.ge

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