franguli kino 30-40-ian wlebSi

kinoSi xmis mosvlasTan dakavSirebiT franguli kinowarmoebis winaSe axali da saimedo perspeqtivebi
gadaiSala. pirvelma xmovanma kinosuraTebma TvalnaTliv aCvenes, rom kinoreJisorTa maSindelma
pleadam saTanadod gaacnobiera es teqnikuri siaxle da nayofierad Seudga Sesabamisi kinoproduqciis
keTebas. rasakvirvelia, Tavdapirvelad uxmo da xmovani filmebi Tanaarsebobdnen, Semdeg ki swrafad
moxda gadasvla mxolod gaxmovanebul filmebze.
kinematografi frangebisaTvis isev rCeboda garTobis mTavar saSualebad, masobriv xelovnebad,
romelsac didZali mayurebeli hyavda. 30-iani wlebisaTvis maTi kino aRar dominirebda msoflioSi, Tumca
ganviTarebis mZlavri tempebiT gamoirCeoda da aSkara iyo, rom male saerTaSoriso arenaze kvlavac
gamoiCenda Tavs. parizis maxloblad da qveynis samxreTSi (marseli, nica) mdebare kinostudiebi
Tanamedrove kinoaparaturiT iaraRdebodnen. maTSi mimdinareobda axal pirobebze gadawyobis procesi.
xmam Taviseburi elferi SesZina kinoavangards. am mxriv aucileblad gamosayofia ori siurealisturi
kinosuraTi _ luis bunuelis oqros saukune (1930) da Jan koktos poetis sisxli (1930), romelTa xmovanma
rigma gacilebiT ufro saintereso gaxada maTi aRqma, avtoriseuli Canafiqrebis mayureblamde sworad
mitana.
erovnuli kinoproduqciis ricxvi 1931 wels gaizarda 157 erTeulamde. maTze didi moTxovnileba
arsebobda adgilobriv kinobazarze. imxanad yovel frangul filmze ori-sami amerikuli filmi modioda, Tumca,
ramdenime gamonaklisis garda, marto frangul kinosuraTebs hqondaT komerciuli warmateba. miT umetes,
aSS-Si mimdinare ekonomikuri krizisis gamo, holivuds seriozuli problemebi Seeqmna, riTac droebiT
isargebles frangma kinematografistebma, Tumca msgavsi krizisi cota xanSi safrangeTsac Seexo.
im droisaTvis qveyanaSi funqcionirebda ori msxvili kinogaerTianeba: gomon-franko film-oberi da
pate-naTani, romlebic ramdenime weliwadSi, mizezTa Sedegad, daiSalnen. amasTanave, moRvaweobda
oriode aTeuli patara kinokompania, SedarebiT ukeT rom arTmevdnen Tavs saqmeebs. 1931 wels
dramaturgma marsel paniolma daaarsa sakuTari kinokompania, romlis egidiTa da Tavisive piesis mixedviT
gaakeTa filmi mariusi (1931). mis reJisorad miiwvies ungreli aleqsander korda. amas mohyva kidev ori
namuSevari da erTianobaSi samives daerqva marseluri trilogia.
rene klerma gadaiRo ori daxvewili musikaluri kinokomedia _ milioni (1931) da Tavisufleba Cven
(1931). pirvelma, romelSic reJisorma gamoiyena operetis, baletis, reCitativisa da slepstikis elementebi da
xmaze Tamami eqsperimentebi Caatara, kritikis dadebiTi Sefasebebi daimsaxura, xolo meorem, romelSic
iyo mwvave satira frangul industrializaciaze, gamoikvlia Tanamedrove samyaroSi personaluri Tavisuflebis
sakiTxi, xazi gausva misi arsebobis SeuZleblobas. klerma masSic Caatara cdebi xmisa da gamosaxulebis
SeTavsebadobaze.
Jan renuari, romelic acxadebda, rom iyo mTxrobeli da ara kinoreJisori, ukve sakmaod momwifebuli
kinoxelovani gaxda. igi ostaturad da gaazrebulad aanalizebda adamianur urTierTobebs, blomad iyenebda
humanistur fatalizms, mkacrad da Rrmad realisturi da inteleqtualuri kinosuraTebiT paralels avlenda rTul
ironiasTan, qadagebda kinematografiuli Txrobis upiratesobas da kolegebsac mouwodebda amis
aucileblobaze. renuaris wylidan gadarCenili budu (1932) komikuri situaciebis fonze mZafrad akritikebda
burJuaziis cxovrebis wess, Tumca ar gamohqonda raime radikaluri daskvnebi.
mayurebelSi gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobdnen franguli romantikuli komediebi da
melodramebi. patriotuli mosazrebebiT gajerebuli auditoriis naxevari mxolod amgvari filmebis sayureblad
dadioda kinoTeatrebSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom mTavrobam ver SeZlo finansurad daxmarebda erovnul
kinowarmoebas, frangebs gauCndaT ambicia, Seupovrad ebrZolaT holivudis kinoeqspansiis winaaRmdeg.
miT ufro, rom im periodSi isini warmatebiT axorcielebdnen SemoqmedebiTsa da teqnikur inovaciebs, ris
Sedegadac nel-nela daiwyo franguli kinos xelaxali aRorZineba.
marseluri trilogiis meore filmi fani (1932) amjerad gadaiRo mark alegrem. mas didi komerciuli
warmateba mohyva. es iyo mariusis gagrZeleba, rac isev marsel paniolis piesas daefuZna. marTalia,
paniols midrekileba hqonda dakonservirebuli Teatrisadmi, Tumca fani mainc kinematografiulobiTa da
kargad SerCeuli gadasaRebi moednebiT gamoirCeoda.
realisturi melodramatuli mimarTulebis kinosuraTebis popularizaciis mizniT gakeTda ramdenime
gaxmaurebuli romanis ekranizacia raimon bernaris gankicxulni (1933), moris turneris ori oboli (1933)
da Jan renuaris qalbatoni bovari (1933). ra Tqma unda, ekranizaciebi yovelTvis ainteresebda mayurebels
da am SemTxvevaSic maT cxoveli interesi gamoiwvies.
bevri axali msaxiobi, umetesad, Teatridan da miuzik-holidan, mivida kinoSi. maT umtkivneulod
Caanacvles iseTi kolegebi, visac metyveleba ar uvargoda da Rirseulad Cadgnen mowinave kinomsaxiobTa
rigebSi. TiToeuli maTgani erTob saxasiaTo stiliT gamoirCeoda. aseTebi iyvnen: Jan gabeni, Jiul beri, arleti
(leoni mari Juli batia), raimu (Jiul ogiust sizar miureri), hari bauri, lui Juve, fransuaz roze, Jiulien kareti,
bernar blie, saturnen fabri, rober le vigani.
frangul kinematografis ganviTarebaSi TavianTi niSandoblivi wvlili Seitanes sxvadasxva qveynidan
Casulma emigrantebmac _ ungrelma ebraelma aleqsandr traunerma da rusma ebraelma lazar
meersonma, romlebic kinomxatvrebi iyvnen, gamowvrTnilma germanelma kinooperatorebma oigen
Siuftanma da kurt kurantma, romlebic uangarod uziarebdnen ufaSi miRebul mdidar gamocdilebas frang
kolegebs, aseve germaniidan gadaxvewilma reJisorebma: bili uailderma, maqs ofiulsma, robert

siodmakma, anatol litvakma, fric langma. berlinidan parizSi gaiqca maqs glasic, romelmac 1933 wels
Camoayaliba kinokompania flora filmzi da afinansebda marko de gastinis, Jan de limurisa da sxvaTa
namuSevrebs.
originaluri stilistikis reJisorma, warmoSobiT espanelma Jan vigom komediis, siurealizmisa da lirizmis
ucnauri kombinaciebi, uCveulo kuTxeebi da perspeqtivebi da maTze dayrdnobili metaforuli samyaro asaxa
Tavis pirvel mxatvrul kinosuraTSi nuli yofaqcevaSi (1933), romelic mieZRvna provinciuli skola-internatis
mowafeebis amboxs tirani maswavleblebis winaaRmdeg. avtorma tradiciul ekranul formebze uari Tqva da
socialur kriticizmze gaakeTa aqcenti. ekranebze gasuli filmi ramdenime dReSi aikrZala cenzuris mier rogorc
antifranguli suliskveTebis Semcveli da igi meore msoflio omis damTavrebamde arsad uCvenebiaT.
faqtobrivad, es iyo revoluciuri kinosuraTi, romelmac mniSvnelovani zegavlena iqonia saavtoro kinos
momavalze.
franguli kinowarmoeba yovelwliurad asze met films uSvebda, rac seriozul winsvlas warmoadgenda.
umjobesdeboda kinosuraTebis mxatvruli donec da izrdeboda maTze moTxovnilebac. asparezze gamosulma
kinodramaturgebma: marsel aSarma, Sarl spaakma, anri Jansonma, Jak preverma saxeli gaiTqves
saukeTeso scenarebiT. amas garda, warmatebiT warimarTa axleburi industrialuri struqturebis
Camoyalibeba, Janrebis Teoriuli kvleva. popularul kinoJurnalebs ukve milionobiT adamiani kiTxulobda. es
yvelaferi metyvelebda erovnuli kinokulturis ayvavebaze.
memarjvene presisagan araerTgzis galanZRulma rene klerma gadaiRo kidev ori kinokomedia _ 14
ivlisi (1933) da ukanaskneli milioneri (1934), romlebSic kvlav daubrunda gamkicxav paTossa da
uCveulo alegoriebis warmosaxvas.
elitaruli sazogadoebis cxovrebas asaxavda marsel lerbies drama bedniereba (1934), romelsac
niWierTa saocari krebuli uwodes. masSi brwyinvaled TamaSobdnen gabi morle da Sarl buaie.
aRsaniSnavia, rom gadaRebisas reJisors Tavze kinokamera daeca da man cal TvalSi mxedveloba dakarga.
filmi sami weli gadioda ekranebze, rac sarekordo maCvenebeli iyo.
1935 wels gamoica fundamenturi naSromi kinos istoria, romlis avtorebi iyvnen axalgazrda
mwerlebi da Jurnalistebi rober braziiaki da moris bardeSi. aRniSnuli ortomeuli, romelSic kritikuli
TvalTaxedviT iyo ganxiluli kinoxelovnebis mier ganvlili gza, sakmao xniT gadaiqca popularul nawarmoebad
rogorc mayureblisaTvis, ise kinos specialistebisaTvis.
marsel paniolma marselSi miiwvia Jan renuari Tavisi kompaniis morigi proeqtis tonis (1935)
gadasaRebad. renuarma umeteswilad gamoiyena araprofesionali msaxiobebi da gaakeTa lamazi da
tragikuli filmi, romelic iTvleba mis erT-erT TvalsaCino namuSevrad, Tumca maSin man verc kritikis
yuradReba moipova da verc mogeba moitana. Tavad paniolma marseluri trilogiis bolo filmi sizari
(1936) TviTon gadaiRo da fokusi gadaitana dialogebsa da daxasiaTebebze. misma Ria populizmma,
romelmac am kinosuraTSic gaiJRera, damajerebloba SesZina paniolis kinematografiul Semoqmedebas.
Teatris msaxiobi da dramaturgi saSa gitri Tavisi piesebis ekranizaciaSi xedavda istoriaSi maTi
samudamo damkvidrebis saSualebas, radgan momaval Taobebs yovelTvis eqnebodaT SesaZlebloba,
enaxaT isini. am mizniT man mibaZa marsel paniols da iRebda Tavisive piesebis kinoadaptaciebs, Tanac
TviTonve TamaSobda mTavar rolebSi. erT-erT kinosuraTSi Suleris romani (1936) mdidari Teatraluri
gamocdileba mas daexmara originaluri mizanscenebis dadgmaSi, xolo kadrsmiRma gakeTebuli
komentarebi erTob damaintrigebel eqsperimentad warmoCnda.
saxelisuflebo wreebidan wamovida idea, sakurorto qalaq kanSi daearsebinaT saerTaSoriso
kinofestivali. daisaxa konkretuli gegmebi mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis Casatareblad am mimarTulebiT.
amis paralelurad, 1936 wels anri langluas, JorJ franJiusa da Jan mitris TaosnobiT gaixsna franguli
sinemaTeka, anu kinoarqivi, sadac Seinaxeboda rogorc filmebi, ise kinosTan dakavSirebuli dokumentebi.
mis direqtorad dainiSna langlua.
safrangeTSi politikuri situacia Zalian daiZaba. gaizarda memarcxene partiebis gaerTianebis _
saxalxo frontis avtoriteti. Jan renuarma morig namuSevarSi baton lanJis danaSauli (1936) swored
saxalxo frontisadmi simpaTia gamoxata da aRwera dabali fenebis yoveldRiuroba, rac mowmobda mis
politizacias. filmi iyo komediisa da kriminaluri dramis nazavi, romelSic maRal doneze idga samsaxiobo
ostatoba da kinosaoperatoro xelovneba. imave wlis maisis saparlamento arCevnebis mosamzadebel
periodSi komunisturma partiam gadawyvita, gadaeRo saagitacio kinosuraTi, romelzec imuSavebda ara
erTi, aramed ramdenime kinoreJisori. amgvarad Seiqmna reJisorTa gundi (Jak bruniusi, pier uniki, andre
zvoboda, anri kartie-bresoni, moris limi, Jan-pol le Sanua, Jak bekeri), romlis liderad gaamweses Jan
renuari. misi kandidatura wamoayena komunistma poetma da mweralma lui aragonma. TiToeul reJisors
daevala calkeuli epizodis gadaReba, xolo renuari sabolood Seajerebda da daamontaJebda films. ase
gakeTda cxovreba Cvenia (1936), romelic arCevnebamde ramdenime kviriT adre gamzadda da
komunisturma partiam igi SeZlebisdagvarad yvelgan aCvena. premiera Sedga parizis muSaTa raionis erT
kinoTeatrSi. gadamRebi jgufi amayobda, rom misma wevrebma ufasod imuSaves. kinosuraTSi aCvenes
dramatuli ambebic, blomad kinoqronikac, muSaTa, glexTa da inteligenciis warmomadgenlebic da amas
miayoles erTgvari gafrTxilebac faSizmis mosalodneli aRzevebisa da evropaSi misi gavrcelebisadmi.
siyvarulis himnad monaTles anatol litvakis istoriuli drama maierlingi (1936), delikaturad
gadaRebuli da gaTamaSebuli emociuri ambavi, romelSic mTavar rolebs asaxierebdnen Sarl buaie da daniel
dario. reJisorma saucxoo kostiumebiTa da mdidrulad gawyobili pavilionebiT aRadgina XIX saukunis
habsburgebis dinastiis droindeli venis vizualuri atmosfero. kinosuraTi didi warmatebiT gavida ucxoeTis

ekranebze. aSS-Si is iyo erT-erTi pirveli sazRvargareTuli xmovani filmi, romelmac sagrZnobi Semosavali
moitana, xolo buaies da litvaks farTo gza gauxsna holivudSi, sadac maT Tavi ar Seircxvines. maierlingi
niu-iorkis kinokritikosTa priziT da sxva jildoebiT aRiniSna.
Jak feideris asistentma, marsel karnem gadaiRo Tavisi pirveli mxatvruli filmi Jeni (1936), romelzec
scenaristad miiwvia Jak preveri. aqedan daiwyo am ori niWieri kinoxelovanis TanamSromloba, rac
momdevno wlebSi kidev ramdenime RirsSesaniSnav proeqtSi ganxorcielda. cenzuram daiwuna
kinoscenaris pirveli varianti, ris gamoc preverma uari ganacxada mis gadakeTebaze. karnem
dasaxmareblad sxva kinodramaturgs _ Jak konstans uxmo, magram mis mier gaweuli samuSaos Sedegad
zogierTi epizodi cota momabezreblad gamoiyureboda. karnes debiuti kritikam Seaqo, mouwona
msaxiobebTan STambeWdavi muSaoba, miuTiTa, rom calkeuli kolegisagan gansxvavebiT, mas araviTari
gavlena ar etyoboda da sanimuSo damoukideblobiT gamoirCa.
1937 wels daarsda lui deliukis prizi, romelic yovelwliurad gadaecemoda erT niSandobliv frangul
kinosuraTs. misi Jiuri dakompleqtda ara marto kinokritikis, aramed kulturuli sazogadoebis cnobili
warmomadgenlebiT. amasobaSi maqs glasma Tavis or vaJiSvilTan erTad daaarsa sawarmoo da sadistribucio
kinokompania arkadia filmzi, romelsac ambiciuri samomavlo gegmebi gaaCnda.
mayurebelTa masebi eTayvanebodnen musikalur filmebs iaffasian melodramebs, raSic
monawileobdnen miuzik-holebis popularuli momRerlebi. aseTi kinoproduqcia sruli anSlagiT gadioda rogorc
ama Tu im ubnis patara kinodarbazebSi, ise parizis saxelganTqmul kinoTeatrebSi gomon palassa da
reqsSi. musikalur kinosuraTebSi gamoikveTa axali mimarTuleba, e. w. samxedro vodevili, romlis yvelaze
warmatebuli filmi iyo iniasi (1937, reJ. pier kolombie). masSi TamaSobda Cinebuli kinokomikosi fernandeli
(fernan Jozef dezir kontandeni).
marsel panioli wamyvani prodiuseri gaxda. Semdegi kinosuraTi gamococxleba (1937) man
miuZRvna soflis TiTqmis gulubryvilo, metad romantizebul cxovrebas da Txroba akinZa sakuTari
axalgazrdobis periodis mogonebebze, Tumca literaturul pirvelwyarod gamoiyena ara Tavisi, aramed sxvisi
nawarmoebi. filmisaTvis sagangebod aaSenes sofeli mTaSi, sadac gadamRebi jgufi dasaxlda da awarmoa
samuSao. paniolis imJamindeli reputaciis gamo gamococxlebis premiera iqca movlenad, rasac
daeswrnen sxvadasxva kuTxidan mogrovili oboli bavSvebi da qveynis prezidenti.
provinciuli safrangeTis yofis Tema paniolma kvlav gaagrZela morig filmSi mefunTuSis coli (1938),
romelSic saocari ostatobiT iTamaSa raimum. es kinokomedia ikvlevda humanur urTierTobebs, TvalnaTliv
gadmoscemda reJisoris swrafvas ubralo adamianebis problemebis kinematografiuli anatomiisaken.
kinosuraTma triumfiT moiara rogorc adgilobrivi, ise sazRvargareTuli kinoekranebi.
daaxloebiT ori weliwadi moandoma Jan renuarma epikuri dramis _ marseliezis (1938) Seqmnas.
sawyis etapze igi didi enTuziazmiT ar miudga saqmes, magram mere da mere gauRvivda interesi proeqtis
mimarT. mas undoda am namuSevriT TanamemamuleebisaTvis moewodebina sayovelTao Serigebisaken,
erovnuli Tanxmobisaken, vinaidan safrangeTSi maSin klasobrivi dapirispireba, politikuri da ekonomikuri
arastabiluroba sufevda. erTi kritikosi acxadebda, rom filmi iqneba frangi eris erTianobis dResaswaulio.
Tavad renuari gansakuTrebuli gulisyuriT moekida istoriul sinamdviles, bevri ram Seiswavla, raTa zustad da
Seucdomlad gaeSuqebina faqtebi. aRiarebda kidec, rom mis karieraSi es iyo erTaderTi namuSevari,
romelsac SesaSuri Zalisxmeva daaxarja, yovel detalamde gamoikvlia esa Tu is masala. rodesac
samTavrobo finansur daxmarebaze saboloo uari miiRo, reJisorma mimarTa sxvadasxva memarcxene
organizaciasa da muSaTa profkavSirebs. araoficialuri monacemiT, milionobiT adamians SesTavazes,
minimum ori franki mainc daedoT kinosuraTis biujetSi, samagierod miecemodaT ufleba, ufasod
Sesuliyvnen kinoTeatrebSi mis sayureblad. garkveuli Tanxa mogrovda, magram filmis Semqmnelebs mainc
mouwiaT bankebidan valis aReba.
renuarma 10 kvira moandoma gadaRebas. masobrivi scenebisaTvis man profkavSirebis wevri muSebi
gamoiyena. rogorc isini, aseve gadamRebi jgufi da msaxiobebi uxelfasod muSaobdnen. SedarebiT gaiwela
gadaRebis Semdgomi periodi. safrangeTis revoluciisa da erovnuli himnisadmi miZRvnili marseliezi
gamovida istoriul-politikuri filmi, romlis Semqmneli cdilobda, raTa auditorias sworad gaego misi mizani,
rom istoria meordeboda da ireklavda warsulis gakveTilebs, amitom kinosuraTis didaqtikuri da optimisturi
toni klasobrivi solidarobiT, siamayiTa da imediT iyo gaJRenTili. rasakvirvelia, es dokumenturi kinos stilistikiT
gakeTebuli nawarmoebi kvlavac saxalxo fronts uwevda propagandas, magram arsebuli problemebis
mogvarebas ver Seuwyo xeli. saerTo jamSi, marseliezi 10 milioni franki dajda da misi mxolod erTi
meaTedi amoigo.
dekadis bolos kinoTeatrebSi gavida ramdenime saintereso filmi, romelTaganac aRniSvnis Rirsia abel
gansis musikaluri melodrama luizi (1939) da Jak feideris saTavgadasavlo drama CrdiloeTis kanoni
(1939). orive maTgani aSkarad mianiSnebda, rom franguli kinowarmoeba nayofierad viTardeboda.
1939 wlis 1-20 seqtembers kanSi daigegma pirveli saerTaSoriso kinofestivali. seleqcionerebma
SearCies monawile kinosuraTebi. festivalis stumrebma agvistos Sua ricxvebidanve daiwyes am kurortze
Casvla. kans estumra Jiuris sapatio Tavmjdomare lui lumieric, romlis matareblidan gadmosvla fotoze
aRbeWdes rkinigzis sadgurSi. qalaqis merma mas Tbili daxvedra mouwyo. pirvelsave dRes gaimarTa uiliam
diterles amerikuli filmis _ notr damis kuzianis (1939) Cveneba, magram dRis meore naxevarSi yvelas da
yvelafers elvis siswrafiT moedo saSineli ambavi daiwyo meore msoflio omi. ori dRis Semdeg safrangeTic
da didi britaneTic Caebnen omSi, ris gamoc kanis kinoforumi Sewyda da gadaido.

qveyana mTlianad gadaerTo saomar reJimze. daixura araerTi kinoTeatri, armiaSi gaiwvies bevri
kinematografisti, Seferxda kinokompaniebis saqmianoba, kinoxelovanebis nawili (diuvivie, gabeni, renuari
da sxv.) emigraciaSi wavida. marTalia TiTo-orola filmi ki gavida ekranebze, magram maTTvis TiTqmis
aRaravis ecala. 1940 wlis ivnisSi germanelebi Sevidnen parizSi da sam kviraSi gaxsnes kinoTeatrebi, sadac
aCvenebdnen germanul mxatvrulsa da dokumentur kinosuraTebs. dapyrobili safrangeTi orad gaiyo _
CrdiloeTi da samxreT-dasavleTi gamocxadda okupirebul zonad, romelsac Tavad dampyroblebi
ganagebdnen, xolo danarCen samxreTs daerqva Tavisufali zona, romlis meTaurad patara sakurorto qalaq
viSiSi Sekrebilma erovnulma krebam airCia marSali anri filip peteni. am ukanasknelma mouwoda frangebs,
eTanamSromlaT germanelebTan.
petenis mTavrobam bevri ram gaakeTa, raTa rac SeiZleba naklebad ekontrolebinaT nacistebs erovnuli
kino. am mizniT Seiqmna kinematografiuli industriis organizebis komiteti, romelmac parizSi daido Stabbina. komitetma SemoiRo axali instruqciebi, gansazRvra finansuri struqtura kinomrewvelobisaTvis,
kinoTeatrebs dauwesa salaro kontroli, ivaldebula ufro meti moklemetraJiani kinosuraTis warmoeba,
daadgina samTavrobo avansebi momavali kinoproeqtebisaTvis. miuxedavad imisa, rom gamoxatvis
Tavisufleba aikrZala, kinowarmoeba efeqturad amuSavda da okupaciis wlebSi gakeTda ramdenime
klasikuri namuSevari.
marsel paniolis romantikuli kinokomedia miwis mTxrelis qaliSvili (1940) pirdapir exmaureboda
marSal petenis ideologias: Sroma, ojaxi, samSoblo da didi popularobiT sargeblobda. abel gansis
melodrama brma venera (1941), romelic nicaSi mdebare viqtorenis studiaSi gadaiRes, aqcents akeTebda
qalis rolze sazogadoebaSi. legendisa da realobis zRvarze mdgomi es kinosuraTi avtorma miuZRvna marSal
petens, rogorc axali safrangeTis garants. susti sqesis warmomadgenelTa Zlieri xasiaTebi aCvena Jan
stelim filmSi cisferi pirbade (1942). misi gmirebi Seupovari adamianebi iyvnen da cxovrebiseul sirTuleebs
medgrad umklavdebodnen. garegnulad, es filmebi viSis mTavrobis politikas atarebdnen, Tumca maTi siaxle
imaSi mdgomareobda, rom omamdel periodSi amgvari, e. w. qaluri kinosuraTebi saerTod ar
arsebobdnen.
Tavisufal zonaSi momuSave kinoxelovanebs materialur-teqnikuri saSualebebis ukmarisoba xels
uSlida, droulad daesrulebinaT dawyebuli proeqti, amitom umetesi filmi mainc parizSi keTdeboda. maTSi
dominirebdnen komediebi, Trilerebi, musikaluri kinosuraTebi da istoriuli, anu kostiumirebuli dramebi. maT
erT mesameds Seadgenda ekranizaciebi. kinoTeatrebSi, sadac mcireodeni germanuli da italiuri
namuSevrebis gverdiT blomad gadioda franguli kinoproduqcia, teva aRar iyo. mayureblis aseTi modineba
didi xania ar yofila safrangeTSi.
1943 wels marsel lerbies iniciativiTa da okupaciuri reJimis nebarTviT parizSi daarsda kinematografiis
umaRlesi ganaTlebis instituti, anu kinoskola, romelSic unda aRezardaT momavali prodiuserebi, reJisorebi,
operatorebi, memontaJeebi da a. S. Jak bekerma Camoayaliba franguli kinos ganTavisuflebis saidumlo
komiteti. manve marsel karnesTan, Jan gremiionTan da sxva kolegebTan erTad daafuZna kinoJurnali
lekran franse, romelic Tavdapirvelad farulad saRdeboda.
miTqma-moTqma gamoiwvia anri-JorJ kluzos filmma yvavi (1943), romelic daefuZna namdvil
ambavs da warmoadgenda satiras provinciul burJuaziaze. reJisorma Janruli TvalsazrisiT marTlac kargi film
nuari gaakeTa, Tumca humanizmze uzneo da uvici damokidebulebiT gaaRiziana sazogadoebac, kaTolikuri
eklesiac da winaaRmdegobis moZraobac. kinosuraTi gadaiRes kontinental filmzis egidiT da bevrma
CaTvala, rom misi Seqmnis instruqcia germaniis maRali saxelisuflebo eSelonebidan modioda, raTa frangebi
gamoeyvanaT erTmaneTis gautanel, Surian da unebisyofo xalxad. sinamdvileSi germanelebma Tavi
aarides mis distribucias germaniaSi, vinaidan amoralur nawarmoebad miiCnies. momavalSi yvavi
Sefasda rogorc antifranguli da pronacisturi filmi da masze kamaTi kidev didxans gagrZelda.
Tayvanismcemlebi gauCnda rober bresons, romlis srulmetraJianma kinosuraTma codvis angelozebi
(1943) daamtkica, rom savsebiT gansxvavebuli xelweris reJisori Seimata erovnulma kinom. Tavidan films
samuSao saTaurad erqva betani, magram misma prodiuserma roJe riCebem CaTvala, rom komerciulad
aseTi saTauri ar gaamarTlebda da Secvala ufro sensaciuri saxelwodebiT. bresoni gacilebiT realisturi kinos
momxre iyo, vidre misi kolegebi, amitom naxevrad dokumenturi stili arCia da sivrces CauRrmavda. man
umetesi nawili RamiT gadaiRo, risTvisac ostaturad gamoiyena ganaTeba. dramatuli fabulis codvis
angelozebi religiur motivebze agebuli nawarmoebia, maqsimalurad grZeli kadrebiT, Txrobis Cinebuli
ritmiTa da saucxoo Sidakadruli montaJiT, romelSic musika TamaSobs gansakuTrebul rols. amasTanave, igi
Taviseburad rTuli filmia, radgan masSi wina rigSi wamoiwia ufro metafizikurma siRrmeebma, vidre
mxatvrulma, gamosaxulebas ufro meti yuradReba mieqca, vidre sityvas.
saintereso namuSevrad aRiares Jan delanuas samaradiso dabruneba (1943), romlis scenari dawera
Jan koktom. tristanisa da izoldas legendis am gaTanamedrovebulma variantma mayureblis guli moigo da
ramdenime Tve gadioda kinodarbazebSi. Jak bekeris wiTelxeleba gupi (1943), srulebiT araromantikuli
drama glexTa cxovrebaze, iyo Trileris, melodramisa da Savi komediis eqstraordinaluri nazavi. igi
pesimizmiTac datvirTa reJisorma, Tumca masSi SeimCneoda winaaRmdegobis moZraobisadmi erTgvari
solidarobis niSnebic. Jan gremiionis kinosuraTebi zafxulis Suqi (1943) da ca Tqven gekuTvniT (1944)
naTlad metyvelebdnen avtoris daxvewil sareJisoro xelweraze, mis maRal kinematografiul gemovnebasa da
problemuri Tematikis sworad SerCevis niWze. orive filmi Zlivs gadaurCa akrZalvas, magram Zlier
STambeWdavi siuJetebis wyalobiT kritikis yuradRebis centrSi moeqca.

okupaciis periodis safrangeTSi gamouSves daaxloebiT 220 kinosuraTi, romelTa absoluturi

umravlesoba gasarTob xasiaTs atarebda da mxolod erTeulebi Tu iyo maT Soris propagandistuli
namuSevrebi. es ukanasknelni imdenad mdare da ugergilo kinoproduqcias ganekuTvnebodnen, rom
mayurebeli TiTqmis ar hyavdaT.
1944 wlis miwurulisaTvis qveyana ganTavisuflda germanelebis okupaciisagan. Jak bekeris komiteti
agvistoSi farulad iRebda parizis ganTavisuflebisaTvis mimdinare brZolebs, rac Semdgom qronikalurdokumentur filmad Sekres da ekranebze gauSves. mterTan TanamSromlobaSi (kolaboracionistobaSi)
eWvmitanil adamianebs patriotebi sxvadasxvanairad gauswordnen zogi sikvdiliT dasajes, zogi cixeSi
miabrZanes, zogi daajarimes da a. S. anri-JorJ kluzos ori wliT aukrZales kinoSi muSaoba, arleti da saSa gitri
mcire xniT sapyrobileSi Casves, rober braziiaki daxvrites, TiTo-orola kinoxelovanma ki gaaswro
sazRvargareT.
rober bresonis bulonis tyis qalebi (1945) radikalurad gansxvavdeboda misive wina
namuSevrisagan. filmi Seiqmna frangi mwerlisa da filosofosis deni didros erTi nawarmoebis motivebis
mixedviT. Jan koktom brwyinvale dialogebi dawera, xolo bresonma uCveulo montaJuri stilistikiTa da
alegoriuli struqturiT warmoaCina tradiciuli melodrama, siyvarulisa da SurisZiebis amaRelvebeli ambavi.
mkvlevarebis did nawils miaCnia, rom frangul kinematografSi saavtoro kinos pirveli konturebi swored
aqedan gamoikveTa. sxvadasxva mizezis gamo reJisori didxans mounda am filmze muSaobas. igi
detalebsac ki uRrmavdeboda, pedanturad akontrolebda yvelafers da gadamRebi jgufis wevrebisagan
moiTxovda Tavisi gankargulebebis zustad aRsrulebas. kinosuraTis emociuri toni, avtoriseuli humanuri
xedva, adamianis Sinagan samyaroSi SeRwevis mcdeloba udavod mianiSnebdnen bresonis, rogorc
moazrovne kinoreJisoris unikalur Tvisebebze. calke aRniSvnis Rirsia misi nayofieri da gansxvavebuli stili
samsaxiobo ansamblTan (maria kasaresi, pier bernari da sxv.) damokidebulebaSi. man ise realisturad da
damajereblad aTamaSa isini, rom amisaTvis kritikosebis Seqebac ki daimsaxura, magram mTlianobaSi
bulonis tyis qalebs civad Sexvda auditoriac da kritikac, rac naTlad aisaxa maSindeli presis furclebze.
gavida xani da es filmi Sedevrad da sakulto kinosuraTad aRiares.
omis Semdgomi periodis franguli kino araerTi sirTulis winaSe aRmoCnda. ra Tqma unda, es
bunebrivic iyo da erovnuli kinowarmoebis mesveurebs axali sazrunavi gauCndaT, maT droulad unda
moewesrigebinaT rogorc sawarmoo, ise sadistribucio problemebi, xelaxla daelagebinaT sazRvargareTuli
urTierTobebi, gadaewyvitaT Sida kinobazris sakiTxebi da a. S. 1946 wels kinematografiuli industriis
organizebis komiteti gadakeTda erovnuli kinematografiis centrad. mis mTavar funqcias Seadgenda filmebis
subsidireba, mkacri saxelmwifo kontroli maT warmoeba-gasaRebaze, farTo daxmareba arakomerciuli
kinosaTvis, seriozuli Zalisxmevis gamoCena kinoTeatrebis modernizebis an xelaxali mSeneblobis saqmeSi.
miT ufro, rom moxda kinodarbazebis didi nawilis nacionalizacia, anu saxelmwifos xelSi gadasvla.
1946 wlis maisSi gaformda safrangeTis premier-ministris leon blumisa da aSS-is saxelmwifo mdivnis
jeims biornsis SeTanxmeba, romelic, eqvswliani iZulebiTi pauzis Semdeg, frangul kinobazarze abrunebda
amerikul kinosuraTebs. aRniSnuli aqti bevrma erovnuli interesebis Ralatad Seafasa. maT ar surdaT, rom
holivudis kinoproduqcia kvlav gabatonebuliyo safrangeTSi. adgilobrivma mTavrobam garkveuli zomebi ki
miiRo maTi raodenobis SesazRudavad, Tumca amerikul filmebs kinobazris ukve 60% ekavaT.
dRis wesrigSi dadga axlo warsulis amsaxveli kinosuraTebis gadaReba. am mxriv yvelaze aqtualuri iyo
filmebi winaaRmdegobis moZraobaze, raTa kinoauditorias meti ram gaego misi wevrebis mier samSoblos
winaSe gamoCenil gmirobebze. am mimarTebiT erT-erTi gamorCeuli namuSevari relsebis brZola (1946)
gaakeTa rene klemanma. masTan SesaniSnavad imuSava operatorma anri alekanma. filmma miiRo imave
wels daarsebuli JorJ meliesis prizi saukeTeso franguli kinosuraTisaTvis da Semodgomaze gamarTuli kanis
pirveli saerTaSoriso kinofestivalis gran pri, aseve saerTaSoriso Jiuris prizi. kanSive klemani daajildoves
saukeTeso reJisurisaTvis.
TavisTavad keTdeboda sxva Janrebis kinoproduqciac, romelTa Soris komediebi da melodramebi
Warbobda. amgvar fonze Jan koktom mayurebels warudgina romantikuli fantazia lamazmani da urCxuli
(1946), romelsac safuZvlad daedo cnobili zRapari. kinosuraTma saswauli moaxdina _ mayurebelica da
kritikac aRfrTovanebulni darCnen koktos namuSevriT da igi maSindeli kinoTaobis TvalsaCino
warmomadgenlad Seracxes.
TandaTanobiT ufro meti yuradReba eTmoboda kinos komercializacias, vidre mis SemoqmedebiT
mxares. es gamowveuli iyo im e. w. gamoucxadebeli omiT, rasac franguli kinematografi eweoda
holivudis eqspansiis winaaRmdeg. aseTi politikis miuxedavad calkeuli reJisorebi mainc axerxebdnen
TavianT filmebSi ganexorcielebinaT formisa da gamosaxulebis eqsperimentebi, gamoekvliaT rogorc
individis, aseve sazogadoebis socialur-fsiqologiuri problemebi, ezrunaT sakuTari mxatvrul-profesiuli donis
asamaRleblad. amis TvalnaTeli dadasturebaa: Jak bekeris saucxoo komedia antuani da antuaneta (1947),
rene kleris Cinebuli melodrama dumili oqroa (1947), klod otan-laras damafiqrebeli romantikuli drama
eSmaki sxeulSi (1947).
1947 wlis miwuruls frangma kinematografistebma Camoayalibes franguli kinos dacvis komiteti. misi
organizebiT 1948 wlis 4 ianvars parizSi moewyo grandiozuli demonstracia, raSic monawileobas iRebda
daaxloebiT 10 000 adamiani kinowarmoebis muSakebic da maTi mxardamWerebic. amgvarma protestma
is Sedegi gamoiRo, rom gadaixeda blum-biornsis xelSekruleba da franguli mxarisaTvis SedarebiT misaRebi
pirobebi dadginda. imave wels Seiqmna erovnuli kinos ganviTarebis specialuri fondi.

film nuarisa da poeturi realizmis gavlena etyoboda iv alegres kriminalur-romantikul kinosuraTs

antverpeneli dede (1948), romelSic mTavari roli ganasaxiera simon siniorem. marTalia, mas manamdec
hqonda naTamaSevi filmebSi, magram swored am namuSevridan daiwyo misi, rogorc fataluri qalis tipaJebis
Semsrulebeli msaxiobis, saintereso kariera. sakuTari piesis mixedviT gadaiRo morigi kinosuraTi saSineli
mSoblebi (1948) Jan koktom, romelmac masSi igive msaxiobebi (Jan mares meTaurobiT) aTamaSa, vinc ori
wlis win iyo dakavebuli amave piesis Teatralur adaptaciaSi. Tavad reJisori aRniSnavda, rom surda am
Seudarebeli msaxiobebis TamaSis firze gadatana da kinoxerxebis saSualebiT maT mier gaTamaSebuli
siuJetis ufro axlodan danaxva.
1948 wels Jurnal lekran franseSi gamoqveynda axalgazrda Jurnalistisa da kinokritikosis aleqsandr
astriukis statia: axali avangardis dabadeba: kamera-kalami, rac warmoadgenda axlebur Teoriul
koncefcias. avtoris azriT, WeSmaritad xelovanma kinoreJisorma kamera iseve unda gamoiyenos, rogorc
mwerali iyenebs Tavis kalams, anu man unda weros filmi, ris Sedegadac kinoxelovneba ganTavisufldeba
vizualurobis tiraniisagano. astriuks miaCnda, rom kinosuraTi unda gadaqceuliyo literaturuli Txrobis faqiz
ekvivalentad da amiT ganisazRvreboda misi Semqmnelis niWiereba. amas astriuki mxolod tendencias
uwodebda da aviTarebda saavtoro kinos ideas.
iv alegrem isev film nuars mimarTa da gaakeTa momnusxavi filmi ase lamazi patara plaJi (1949),
romelSic didebulad iTamaSa msaxiobma Jerar filipma. kritikam dadebiTi Sefaseba misca namuSevars, xolo
filips saimedo kinoxelovani uwoda. meore msoflio omis Temas mieZRvna debiutanti kinoreJisoris Jan-pier
melvilis drama zRvis siCume (1949). mcire biujetiT Seqmnili es filmi komerciuladac momgebiani
gamodga da specialistebis aRfrTovanebis sagnadac iqca. rene klemanis badeebs miRma (malapagis
kedlebi, 1949) ramdenime maRali donis priziT (maT Soris, oskariT) aRiniSna.
franguli kino Seupovrad ibrZoda, raTa daebrunebina jer kidev uxmo periodis pirveli etapis droindeli
myari poziciebi. amis garantias iZleoda kinematografistTa is Taoba, romelmac omisa da okupaciis
qartexilebs gauZlo da Rirseulad warmoaCina mZlavri SemoqmedebiTi potenciali.