სახელოვნებო მეცნიერებათა ძიებანი

saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa
da kinos saxelmwifo universiteti
Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film

Georgian State University
saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa
Ziebani
#2 (55), 2013
ART SCIENCE STUDIES

#2 (55), 2013
gamomcemloba `kentavri~
Tbilisi _ 2013
UDC(uak) 7(051.2)
s-364
saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos
saxelmwifo universiteti
saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani #2 (55), 2013

saredaqcio sabWo krebulisaTvis mowodebuli
giorgi masala uzrunvelyofili unda
CarTolani iyos Sesabamisi samecniero
Teo xatiaSvili aparatiT. Tan unda axldes
Tamar cagareli monacemebi avtoris samecniero
kvalifikaciis Sesaxeb qarTul
literaturuli da inglisur enebze, agreTve
redaqtori naSromis inglisurenovani
mariam iaSvili reziume.
garekanis dizaini krebulis stamburi gamocema

levan dadiani egzavneba sxvadasxva
saerTaSoriso kvleviT centrs.
dakabadoneba
ekaterine naSromebi mogvawodeT da
cnobebisaTvis mogvmarTeT:
oqropiriZe
0102, Tbilisi, daviT aRmaSeneblis
gamziri #40, saqarTvelos SoTa
gamomcemlobis rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos
xelmZRvaneli saxelmwifo universiteti,
maka vasaZe II korpusi.
tel/faqsi: +995 (32) 2943728
mob: +995 (95) 305 060
+995 (77) 288 750
E-mail: mariamiashvili@yahoo.com
Web: www.tafu.edu.ge
Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film Georgian State University
Art Science Studies #2 (55), 2013
Editorial Group Materials supplied for the

GIORGI volume should be provided
CHARTOLANI with corresponding scientific
TEO KHATIASHVILI appliance. Paperwork
TAMAR TSAGARELI concerning authors academic
qualification and summary of
Literary Editor work should be attached in
MARIAM IASHVILI Georgian and English languages.
Cover Design Printed version of the volume is

LEVAN DADIANI sent out to various international
research centers.
Book Binding
EKATERINE Works should be supplied under
OKROPIRIDZE the following contact:
0102, Tbilisi, Davit
Head of Publishing Agmashenebeli Avenue #40
House Shota Rustaveli Theatre and
MAKA VASADZE Film Georgian State University
Second Block
Tel/Fax: +995 (32) 2943728

Mob: +995 (95) 305 060
+995 (55) 288 750
E-mail: mariamiashvili@yahoo.com
Web: www.tafu.edu.ge
sarCevi
Te a t r m c o d n e o b a
maia kiknaZe
1946 wlis debuleba
dramatuli Teatrebis repertuarisa da
misi gaumjobesebis RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb ............................................9
Tamar quTaTelaZe
`mariam stiuarti~ da `guSindelni???~ ..........................................16
lela wifuria
erTi piesis gansxvavebuli interpretaciebi .....................................32
kinomcodneoba
TamTa TurmaniZe
almodovari da momxmarebelTa
sazogadoebis fetiSebi ............................................................................53
lela oCiauri
kulturfilmi `buba~ =
saqarTvelos istorias + qarTulikinos istoria +
pirovnebis bedi sabWoTa epoqaSi ..........................................................60
d o q t o r a n t Ta
samecniero statiebi
maka vasaZe
robert sturuas qarTuli Seqspiriana
nawili III
`makbeti~ ......................................................................................75
aleko gelaSvili
`mrokav-mlocveli figurebi~ ...............................................................93
mzia zautaSvili
sad gaqra mayurebeli? ..............................................................................103
naTia mefariSvili
stiven spilbergi -
axdenili amerikuli ocneba ..............................................................112
4
maia Rvinjilia
animaciuri saqmianoba turistul biznesSi ................................121
dodo WumburiZe
Teatris sakomunikacio strategia miznobriv jgufebTan*
(mayureblis mozidvis da
àRfrTovanebis~ koncefcia) ................................................................129
5
CONTENTS
T H E AT R E S T U D I E S
Maia Kiknadze
1946 YEARS REGULATIONS - ABOUT THE
REPERTOIRE OF DRAMATIC THEATRES AND THE
MEASURES FOR THEIR IMPROVEMENT .....................143
Tamar Qutateladze
MARY STUART AND FROM YESTERDAY??? ...................144
Lela Tsiphuria
DIFFERENT INTERPRETATIONS OF ONE PLAY ...............145
FILM STUDIES
Tamta Turmanidze
ALMODOVAR AND FETISHES OF
CONSUMER SOCIETY..................................................................148
Lela Ochiauri
BUBA CULTURE-FILM - REFLECTION OF THE ERA .........149
UNIVERSITY S Ph.D PROGRAM

Maka Vasadze
ROBERT STURUAS GEORGIAN SHAKESPEARIAN
Part II
KING LEAR ................................................................................151
Aleko Gelashvili
DANCING-PRAYING FIGURES ...............................................153
Mzia Zautashvili
WHERE HAS THE AUDIENCE DISAPPEARED? ...................155
Natia Meparishvili
STEVEN SPIELBERG THE AMERICAN DREAM ................156
Maya Gvinjilia
ANIMATION ACTIVITIES IN TOURISM BUSINESS ...............158
Dodo Chumburidze
THEATRE COMMUNICATION STRATEGY
WITH TARGET GROUPS
(Concept of attraction and admiringof audience) ............................159
6
Teatrmcodneoba
7
8
maia kiknaZe
1946 wlis debuleba

dramatuli Teatrebis repertuarisa da
misi gaumjobesebis RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb
xelovanisa da saxelmwifos urTierToba, sabWoTa

epoqis arsebobis sxvadasxva etapze, gansxvavebuli
politikuri aqcentebiT xasiaTdeboda. Sesabamisad, _
saxelmwifos damokidebuleba da moTxovnebic xelovanTa
mimarT,ama Tu im periodSi socialur-politikuri garemos
gaTvaliswinebiT dadgenili wesebiT regulirdeboda.
magaliTad,meore msoflio omis damTavrebis pirvel wlebSi,
erT-erT mZime periodSi, roca xalxSi Cacxra faSizmze
gamarjvebis eiforia,sabWoTa kavSiri urTulesi realobis
winaSe dadga, _ yvelaferi, rac omis dros daingra,
sabWoTa xalxebs unda aeSenebinaT. qveyanaSi arsebobda
sasursaTo krizisi. purs gramebiT urigebdnen `baraTebis~
saSualebiT. Tavi iCina pesimisturma ganwyobilebam.
saWiro gaxda kulturul-saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis
sferoSi ideologiuri propagandis sworad warmarTva.
xuTwliani gegmis Sesrulebac ki yvela kulturul-
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis mTavari amocana gaxda.
radiokomunikaciebis gamarTva da filmebis Cveneba
raionul centrebsa da soflebSi saxelmwifos mTavar
sazrunavad iqca. muzeumebs evalebodaT eqspoziciis
saSualebiT, saukeTeso adamianebisa da sawarmoebis,
sabWoTa meurneobisa da kolmeurneobebis miRwevebis
demonstrireba. kulturul-aRmzrdelobiTi muSaobis
Catareba garkveuli wesebis SemoRebas moiTxovda, rac
mTeli rigi direqtivebiTa da brZanebebis saSualebiT
regulirdeboda.
1946 wlis 14 agvistos miiRes sakavSiro centraluri
komitetis dadgenileba1 leningradSi gamocemuli
1
ix. gazeTi `pravda~. 1946, #198.
9
maia kiknaZe
Jurnalebis _ `zvezdasa~ da `leningradis~ Sesaxeb, sadac

mkacrad iyo gakritikebuli axmatovas `pesimisturi~
leqsebi (`pesimizmiTa da dacemulobis suliskveTebiT
gaJRenTili poezia zians ayenebs axalgazrdobas da
amdenad Seuwynarebelia sabWoTa literaturaSi~)
da zoSCenkos ùideo~ moTxrobebi. misi `maimunis
Tavgadasavali~1 ki sabWoTa yofa-cxovrebis amsaxvel
uxams paskvilad iyo miCneuli. Jurnalma `bolSevikma~
zoSCenkos Semoqmedebis Sefasebisas mas `literaturis
naZiralac~ ki uwoda, sabWoTa weswyobilebisa da sabWoTa
adamianis maxinj, regven, obivateluri gemovnebisa da
karikaturulad gamosaxvis gamo. bunebrivia, zoSCenkosa
da axmatovas SemoqmedebasTan erTad, aRniSnuli
Jurnalebi, romlebmac maT nawarmoebebs literaturuli
tribuna dauTmes, aseTi saxiT veRar iarsebebdnen.
marTalia, Jurnalebis redaqtorebi (saianovi, lixarevi),
romlebic seriozuli `politikur Secdomebs uSvebdnen~,
Tanamdebobidan ar mouxsniaT, magram mkacri kontroli
dauweses. jer Jurnal `leningradis~ gamocema Sewyvites
da maTi literaturuli Zalebi `zvezdaSi~ gadaisroles,
Semdeg mTavar redaqtorad sakavSiro kp (b) centraluri
komitetis propagandis sammarTvelos ufrosis moadgile
amx. egolini dauniSnes.
mTel imperiaSi gaCaRda brZola sabWoTa literaturisa
da xelovnebis `maRali idealebis~ dasacavad. am
TvalsazrisiT, gansakuTrebiT yuradReba mieqca Teatrebis
repertuaris problemas. 1946 wlis 4 oqtombers
TbilisSi gamoqveynda brZaneba #470 `dramatuli
Teatrebis repertuarisa da misi gaumjobesebis
2
RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb~.
saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba iyo gamoZaxili
sakavSiro komunisturi partiis (b) centraluri
1
ix. gazeTi `zvezda~. 1946, #5-6.
2
krebuli dadgenilebisa da gankargulebebisa xelovnebis ganviTare-
bis Sesaxeb, Tb., 1946.
10
1946 wlis debuleba dramatuli Teatrebis
repertuarisa da misi gaumjobesebis RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb
komitetis 26 agvistos dadgenilebisa `dramatuli

Teatrebis repertuarisa da misi gaumjobesebis
1
RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb~, sadac mkacrad gakritikebulia
sabWoTa Teatrebis saerTo mdgomareoba.
1. repertuarSi saTanado yuradReba ar eTmoboda
sabWoTa Temaze daweril Tanamedrove piesebs.
statistikuri monacemebi Sejerda ramdenime Teatris
magaliTze (samxatvro TeatrSi _ 20 speqtaklidan
3 eZRvneba Tanamedrove sabWoTa cxovrebis sakiTxebs,
mcire TeatrSic igive suraTia _ 20-dan 3, vaxtangovis
TeatrSi 10-dan 2, leningradis puSkinis sax. TeatrSi
10-dan 2, kievis frankos sax. dramatul TeatrSi 11-dan 3,
sverdlovskis dramatul TeatrSi 17-dan 5 da a. S.);
2. sabWoTa Temaze daweril mcire raodenobis
piesebSi, sabWoTa adamianebi obivateluri gemovnebis zne-
Cveulebis adamianebad iyvnen gamoyvanilni, rac qmnida
damaxinjebul warmodgenas sabWoTa cxovrebaze;
3. Teatris xelmZRvanelebi sabWoTa cxovrebaze
daweril piesebs gamoucdel msaxiobebsa da reJisorebs
andobdnen;
4. istoriuli piesebis moWarbeba da burJuaziuli
piesebis dadgma miuRebeli iyo;
debulebaSi naTlad ikveTeba, rom sabWoTa Teatraluri
cxovreba ar warmoadgenda kulturis mowinave sabWoTa
ideologiisa da moralis danergvis keras, rac ar
Seesabameboda mSromelTa aRzrdis interesebs. arada,
sabWoTa Teatris moRvaweebs kargad unda hqonodaT
gacnobierebuli, rom isini aqtiuri propagandistebi unda
yofiliyvnen sabWoTa saxelmwifos politikisa.
sabWoTa saxelmwifos mSeneblobis gzaze, didi
yuradReba eqceoda bolSevikuri Teatraluri kritikis
mniSvnelobas. am kuTxiT uaryofiTad Sefasda Jurnalebis
_ `sovetskoe iskustvosa~ da `Teatris~ muSaobac. aseTi
1
ix. Jurn. `bolSeviki~, 1946, #16.
11
maia kiknaZe
àradamakmayofilebeli~ Teatraluri cxovrebis fonze,

centraluri komiteti Teatris muSakebs amocanebs
usaxavda, xeli SeewyoT sabWoTa adamianis xasiaTis
saukeTeso mxareebis warmoCenasa da axalgazrda Taobis
optimisturad aRzrdis saqmeSi.
moskovSi gamocemuli aRniSnuli dadgenileba
sxvadasxva respublikazec vrceldeboda. es iyo mkacri
politikuri gadawyvetileba, romelic scildeboda
Teatrebis ganviTarebis sferos. sarepertuaro
politikis kritika magaliTi iyo mTeli ideologiuri
sferos kritikisa. sakavSiro komunisturi partiis
dadgenilebis Sedegad, farTod gaiSala propagandistuli
kampania sabWoTa respublikebis aqtiuri monawileobiT.
swored am konteqstSi unda ganvixiloT 1946 wlis
5 seqtembers saqarTvelos komunisturi partiis
centraluri komitetis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebac
`Tbilisis Teatrebis repertuarebis Sesaxeb~, romelSic
gakritikebuli iyo `mSromelTa ideur-politikuri
aRzrdis aqtualuri problemebis naklebad gaSuqeba~, rac,
Tavis mxriv, iZleoda sababs, axali 21 seqtembris brZanebis
safuZvelze qarTuli Teatris repertuaridan amoeRoT
iseTi piesebi, romlebic susti iyo ìdeur- politikuri
da mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT~. aRniSnuli debuleba
dasabuTebuli gaxldaT faqtobrivi statistikuri
monacemebiT. yvela qarTul TeatrSi, gasuli saTeatro
sezonis ganmavlobaSi dadgmuli 98 piesidan, mxolod 32
exeboda sabWoTa cxovrebas, rac, rogorc Cans, cota iyo.
repertuaris Sefasebis amgvari kriteriumebis daweseba,
sadac mTavari moTxovna sabWoTa Tematikis upiratesobis
damkvidreba iyo, bunebrivad xels uSlida mxatvruli
xarisxis uzenaesobis princi pebis dacvas. repertuaric
drosTan erTad icvleboda. mag., Tu meore msoflio
omis wlebSi, mTavroba moiTxovda xalxSi gmirul-
patriotuli suliskveTebis gaRvivebas da Teatrebic
12
Sesabamisad did adgils uTmobdnen am tendencias, meore

msoflio omis damTavrebis Semdeg situacia radikalurad
Seicvala. istoriuli piesebis raodenoba ara Tu
Semcirda, maTi dadgmac ki kritikis obieqti gaxda.
`Teatrebis xelmZRvanelebi da dramaturgebi metismetad
gatacebulni arian istoriuli TematikiT da naklebad
zrunaven sabWoTa sinamdvilis amsaxvel piesebis SeqmniT~
_ vkiTxulobT dokumentSi. istoriul gmirebs _ Zvel
patriotebs Caenacvla komunisturi mSeneblobisaTvis
mebrZoli axali patrioti adamiani.
saqarTvelos komunisturi partiis (b) centralurma
komitetma da saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWom saq. ssr.
ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli xelovnebis saqmeTa
sammarTvelos daavala `saqmiani RonisZiebebis Catareba~
da daSvebuli Secdomebis gamosworeba. Teatrebis
repertuaris gawmenda ideur-mxatvruli dabali donis
piesebisgan da iseTi piesebis Seqmna, romlebic asaxavdnen
sabWoTa xalxis cxovrebasa da gmirul brZolas
komunisturi sazogadoebis asaSeneblad.
Teatrebis repertuaris safuZvlianad gaumjobesebisa
da maTi SemoqmedebiTi donis amaRlebis mizniT, 4 oqtombris
dadgenilebis Sesabamisad, nabrZanebi iyo saqarTvelos
Teatris repertuaridan amoeRoT ideurad da mxatvrulad
Seuferebeli piesebi: k. kalaZis èrTi Ramis komedia~,
g. qelbaqianis `Sesaferi jildo~, g. berZeniSvilis
`tirifis qveS~ da `dasasrulis dasawyisi~. n. ribakisa
da savCenkos `TviTmfrinavi igvianebs~, braitonis `srul
SuaRames~, l. xelmanis `meliebi~, benetis `ratom dumda~,
pinerosis `saxifaTo asaki~, barseRianis `somexi qali~
da miqaelianis `varazdati~.
ideurad sustad miCneuli piesebisagan repertuaris
gawmenda problemis mxolod erTi nawili iyo. miiRes
damatebiTi zomebi axali piesebis Sesaqmnelad. 1947
wlisaTvis, yvela Teatrs ìdeurad da mxatvrulad
13
maia kiknaZe
maRali Rirebulebis ara naklebi 2-3 piesa unda

daedgaT, romelTa ganxorcielebac saukeTeso reJisorebs,
msaxiobebs da mxatvrebs unda uzrunveleyoT. amave
dros, 6-7 qarTuli originaluri piesebis Seqmna
Tanamedrove sabWoTa Temaze aucilebeli iyo. am
amocanis gadasaWrelad SemuSavda kontrolis meqanizmi,
romelsac axorcielebda xelovnebis saqmeTa sammarTvelo
(saTeatro ganyofilebis sammarTvelodan d. benaSvilis,
mweralTa kavSiris dram-seqciis xelmZRvanelis _ i.
vakelis SemadgenlobiT). mTavrobis dadgenilebis mTavari
obieqtebi rusTavelisa da marjaniSvilis Teatrebis
movaleobis gansazRvra iyo. akaki vasaZes (rusTavelis
Teatris samxatvro xelmZRvanels) pasuxismgebloba
unda aeRo im dramaturgebTan (a. samsonia, k. kalaZe,
s. kldiaSvili, v. daraseli, d. kasraZe) muSaobaze,
romlebsac dadebuli hqondaT xelSekruleba (Tanamedrove
Sinaarsis piesebze) xelovnebis sabWoTa sammarTvelosTan.
analogiuri davaleba misces Salva RambaSiZes _
kote marjaniSvils Teatris samxatvro xelmZRvanels,
romelsac administraciuli wesiT valdebuleba unda
aeRo p. kakabaZis, v. gabisonias, g. SatberaSvilis, v.
pataraias, a. aRlaZis piesebis droulad Sesrulebaze.
amave dros, ak. vasaZec da S. RambaSiZec valdebulni iyvnen
xelovnebis sabWoTa sammarTvelos winaSe, yoveli Tvis
15 ricxvSi, moexsenebinaT `sabWoTa Sinaarsis~ piesebze
muSaobis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb. maT unda miemagrebinaT
dramaturgebTan Teatraluri xelovnebis mowinave
muSakebi SemoqmedebiTi daxmarebisaTvis. laboratoriuli
muSaobis gaZlierebis mizniT, gaizarda saliteraturo
nawilis roli da funqcia (rusTavelis TeatrSi dainiSna
S. afxaiZe, S. jafariZe moxsnes marjaniSvilis Teatridan
aradamakmayofilebeli muSaobis gamo). yuradReba
eqceoda mTargmnelobiT muSaobasac. mTargmnelebs Tavad
Teatrebi irCevdnen. debulebis Tanaxmad, Teatrebs unda
14
uzrunveleyoT sajaro ganxilvis wesi xelovnebis

moRvaweTa, mecnierTa, mxatvarTa, kompozitorTa da
pedagogTa monawileobiT, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Teatris
sareJisoro kolegia dadgmas ganixilavda da Sesworebebs
Seitanda.
Teatrebs ufleba ar hqondaT da pirdapir
ekrZalebodaT, xelovnebis sammarTvelos nebarTvis gareSe
cvlilebebi SeetanaT repertuarSi da Tu aseTi ram
mainc moxdeboda, direqtori miiRebda disci plinarul
sasjels, Tanamdebobidan ganTavisufldeboda da miecemoda
politikuri Sefaseba, rogorc àntisaxelmwifoebrivi
praqtikis damSvebi~.
SoTa rusTavelisa da kote marjaniSvilis saxelobis
TeatrebSi damyarebuli mkacri saxelmwifoebrivi
kontroli samagaliTo unda yofiliyo mTeli
respublikis SemoqmedebiTi dasebis muSaobisaTvis. Tumca
dadgenilebaSi yuradRebis gareSe ar dautovebiaT e. w.
`meore jgufis~ Teatrebis perspeqtivebic. yvelasaTvis
cxadi iyo, rom raionebSi Teatris repertuars Tbilisis
sarepertuaro politikis gaTvaliswinebiT adgendnen.
1946 wlis debuleba moicavda mwerlebisa da
Teatrebis SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebis ZiriTad parametrebs,
warmoadgenda ideologiuri muSaobis orientirs da
mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravda xelovanis movaleobis
praqtikuli saqmianobis xasiaTs.
15
Tamar quTaTelaZe
`mariam stiuarti~ da `guSindelni???~
goCa kapanaZis mier dedaqalaqis ori centraluri

Teatris scenaze dadgmuli speqtaklebi `mariam stiuarti~
da `guSindelni???~ gasuli Teatraluri sezonis erT-
erT mniSvnelovan warmodgenebad iqca. maT Soris uxvadaa
msgavsebaca da gansxvavebac. isini mkafiod exmianebian
Cvens realobas. orive maTgani asaxavs politikur
process, xelisuflisa da misi oponentis, an xelisuflis
msaxurisa da oponirebisaTvis ganwyobili sazogadoebis
xasiaTs, mis arCevansa da Sesabamis logikur Sedegs.
XVI saukune da inglisis oqros xana, elisabed
pirvelisa da mariam stiuartis, am daumorCilebeli
monarqi qalebis, dapirispireba saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi
mravali SemoqmedisaTvis iqca STagonebis wyarod. am
legendaruli pirovnebebisadmi interesi ki iklebs maSin,
rodesac gaqreba ltolva siyvarulis, Zalauflebis,
Tavisuflebisa da srulyofisadmi.
1955 wels reJisorma vaso yuSitaSvilma marjaniSvilis
Teatris scenaze dadga f. Sileris mariam stiuarti.
Tavad speqtakli qarTuli Teatris istoriaSi araa
miCneuli Sedevrad, Tumca masSi Seiqmna ori mniSvnelovani
mxatvruli saxe, veriko anjafariZis mariam stiuarti
da sesilia TayaiSvilis elisabed tiudori.
g. kapanaZis mier ganxorcielebuli f. Sileris `mariam
stiuartis~ premiera rusTavelis TeatrSi (mcire scenaze)
pirvelad 1997 wlis 29 maiss gaimarTa. speqtakls gran-
pri mieniWa Sileris me-15 saerTaSoriso festivalze.
miuxedavad warmatebisa, dadgmaSi SesamCnevi iyo jer
kidev damwyebi reJisoris gauwafavi fantazia. 15 wlis
Semdeg, reJisorma kvlav ganaaxla `mariam stiuartis~
dadgma. msaxiobTa Semadgenloba, centraluri rolebis
16
SemsrulebelTa garda, mniSvnelovnad Seicvala.
Teatris istoriaSi mravladaa ganaxlebuli dadgmebi,
magram maT Soris arcTu ise bevria originalze aRmatebuli
interpretaciebi. rusTavelelTa warmodgenis ganaxlebuli
premiera 2012 wlis 14 marts ki swored am niSniTac
gamorCeuli aRmoCnda. mizanmimarTuli aqcentebiTa da
wiaRsvlebiT gamZafrebulma Sileriseulma speqtaklma
Seqspiruli masStabiT gaiJRera. piesa Targmnes robert
sturuam da lili fofxaZem. qoreografia ekuTvnis gia
marRanias.
rusTavelis Teatris mcire scenaze princi puli
ekleqtizmiT Seqmnili warmodgena gajerebulia
klasikuri da mkveTrad Tanamedrove JReradobis
goran bregoviCis musikiT (musikaluri gamformebeli
goCa kapanaZe). scenografi beqa janaSia harmoniulad
uxamebs erTmaneTs epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebel da
axali tendenciebis gamomsaxvel Strixebs. kostiumebi
amaRlebulicaa da prozaulic (kostiumebis mxatvari
nino asaTiani). speqtakli warmoadgens marina janaSias
mier gansaxierebuli moxuci elisabed I-is aRsarebas,
gandobas, maradisobaSi gardamavali dedoflis ganvlili
cxovrebiseuli gzis retrospeqtul analizs. àmboben,
mkvlelis xelebi sisxliani rCebao. ai, arcerTi laqa,
arcerTi laqa ar Cans.~ mkacrad acxadebs igi warmodgenis
dasawyisSi da mayurebels uCvenebs qaTqaTa xelebs. `mariam
stiuart, Sotlandiis uWknobo yvavilo!~ gulwrfeli
sinanuliT aRmoxdeba mSvenierebis uzado Tayvanismcemel
dedofals da swams, rom natifi silamaziT saxelganTqmul
metoqes maradiuli axalgazrdoba SeunarCuna.
dadgmis msvlelobisas moxuci elisabed I
periodulad Tvalyurs adevnebs ganviTarebul movlenebs,
zogierT scenaSi marina janaSias moxuci da nanuka
xuskivaZis axalgazrda dedofali pirispir xvdebian,
yuradRebiT akvirdebian erTmaneTs da cnobiswadiliT
17
Tamar quTaTelaZe
iyurebian sakuTar warsulsa da momavalSi. aseT dros,

gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia msaxiobebis TamaSis mozomili,
identuri gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis primati. uaRresad
emociuri aRsarebis miuxedavad, marina janaSias moxuci
elisabedis xmaSi kvlavac krTis liTonis mkacri bgerebi.
sinanulis, TiTqosda Sendobis maZiebeli tonis miRma
aSkarad ikveTeba, rom elisabedis mier ganvlili gzis
gaxseneba da gaazreba sulac ar eqvemdebareba sinanulisa
da patiebis wadils.
elisabed I (1533-1603), inglisisa da irlandiis
dedofali, tiudorebis dinastiidan sicocxleSive iqca
legendad. aRiarebulia britaneTis yvelaze saxelovan
monarqad. taxtze asvlisas man Caibara TiTqmis gakotrebuli,
religiuri SuRliT gaxleCili qveyana, romelsac srul
ganadgurebas uqadda elisabedis xelis uiRblo maZiebeli
espaneTis mefe fili pe II. amay dedofalTan dawyvilebis
pretendentTa vrcel siaSi figurirebda ruseTis mefe
ivane mrisxanec. elisabedi ki ar apirebda Zalauflebis
gayofas mamakacTan. misi erTaderTi satrfo inglisi iyo
da elisabedic swored masze gaxldaT jvardawerili.
elisabed I-is moqnilma politikam inglisi gadaaqcia
msoflio hegemonad. `qalwul dedofalTan~ brZolaSi
samarcxvinod damarcxda espaneTis ùZleveli armada~
(1588), dasrulda msoflioze espaneTis monopolia da
safuZveli Caeyara msoflio politikis mokarnaxed qceul
britaneTis imperias. swored elisabedis mmarTvelobisas
Seiqmna Seqspiris Sedevrebic daEuCveulo aRmavlobas
miaRwia Teatralurma xelovnebam. elisabedi qali iyo,
Tumca, dRemde verc erTma kacma monarqma ver gaimeora
misi Rvawli inglisisa da msoflios winaSe.
elisabedi inglisis legitimuri monarqi gaxldaT.
momxibvleli, Tavqariani, mflangveli dedofali mariam
stiuarti (15421587) ki inglisis mefis, henri II
tiudoris, SvilTaSvili iyo da inglisis erTaderT
18
kanonier dedoflad gamoacxada Tavi, riTac axlo

naTesavTan SuRli gaaRviva. mdgomareoba gansakuTrebiT
daiZaba mas Semdeg, rac Sotlandiidan devnilma daxmareba
sTxova elisabeds. man neba darTo naTesavs, ecxovra
inglisSi, Tumca mariam stiuartma Tavisi qarizmiT ara
marto ingliseli xalxis, aramed didebulTa mxardaWera
da keTilganwyobac moi pova da elisabedis winaaRmdeg
dagegmili SeTqmulebis epicentrSi moeqca. ganrisxebulma
elisabedma mariams sikvdili miusaja.
goCa kapanaZis speqtaklSi Sotlandiidan devnili
marina kaxianis mariam stiuarti jambazis rangSi
warsdga inglisis didebulTa winaSe.DniRabmorgebuli
da gvirgvinosani dedoflis SemoZarculi kabis
kalTidan moCans mokle TeTri sacvali, natifi fexebi
da gaSiSvlebuli xelovnuri mkerdi. marina kaxianis
mariam stiuarti Tamamad parodirebs elisabeds da
amxels `qalwuli dedoflis~ Rameul gatacebebs, mis
TiTqosda saeWvo warmoSobas. ori samefos damkargavi
dedofali gamomwvevad mimarTavs jambazobas, nacionalur
Sotlandiur samosSi gamowyobili masxrobs da cdilobs,
piradi tragedia ostaturad SeniRbos. msaxiobis
scenuri gmiri Tavisufalia, artistuli, laRi, momxiblavi
da mravalplaniani. sicocxle tkbilia, siyvaruli _
netareba mogvianebiT aRmoxdeba xelmocarul, vnebian
dedofals. Zalauflebis daTmobas igi siyvarulsa da
sicocxlesTan ganSorebad aRiqvams da TviTmkvlelobis
scenasac gaiTamaSebs, rom gaacnobieros misTvis
saZulveli sikvdilisaken mimavali gza.
gvirgvini speqtaklis mTavari rekvizitia. Sotlandiis
yofilma dedofalma Zirs moisrola es avbediTi samefo
atributi. Zalauflebis macduri mimzidvelobiT
monusxuls uneburad kvlav gaeqca Tvali misken, xarbi
mzeriT SeaTvaliera da Tavzardacemulma gaacnobiera,
rom ar ZaluZs Seeguos ugvirgvino arsebobas. mariam
19
Tamar quTaTelaZe
stiuartic elisabediviT martosuli, Zalauflebaze

ukiduresad damokidebuli adamiania. ori uaxloesi
naTesavis mudmivi mtrobis miuxedavad, SesamCnevia
erTmaneTisadmi Rrmad dafaruli, daTrgunuli, magram
mTeli arsebiT gancdili TanagrZnobaca da urTierT-
simpaTiac.
amaRlebuli da emociuria eSafotisken mimavali
marina kaxianis mariam stiuartis xangrZlivi svla.Ees
scena gulgrils veravis tovebs. msaxiobi TamaSobs amay,
TxemiT terfamde gvirgvinosan dedofals, romelmac
Tavisi mebrZoli suliskveTebiT saxifaTo, istoriuli
arCevani ganumzada inglisis Zlevamosil monarqs.
scenis siRrmidan auCqarebeli, Tavdajerebuli
nabijiT, moemarTeba mariam stiuarti _ marina kaxiani.
mas xasxasa wiTeli, farTokalTiani kaba mosavs natif
sxeulze. `Sotlandiis yvavilis~ mSvenieri hangis
ritmis TanxlebiT (Sotlandiis ar aRiarebuli himni), is
nela da didxans modis win, rampisaken da Sokismomgvrel,
gamaognebel STabeWdilebas axdens mayurebelze. mis zviad
msvlelobaSi igrZnoba personaJis didebuleba. mudam
yuradRebiT ganebivrebuli mandilosnis Tavdajerebul
simSvidesTan erTad ki, uxvad asxivebs saTayvanebel
siyvarulsa da ZalauflebasTan ganSorebis TavSekavebul,
magram mZafr tkivilsac. dedoflis ukanaskneli
Txovnaa, magrad ar daartyan culi mis sust kisers.
misi, nebaa efeqturad aResrulos da lamazi darCes.
msaxiobi krZalviT, pativiT, didi vnebiT, siyvaruliTa da
TanagrZnobiT TamaSobs am legendaruli dedoflis saxes.
zogjer rolsa da msaxiobs Soris sazRvaric sruliad
qreba.
nanuka xuskivaZis qalwuli-dedofalic
momxibvlelia, qaluri, vnebiani, magram ukiduresad
TavdaWerili. igi TiTqmis sasikvdilod daWra levan
xurcias graf laisteris Ralatma da lamis eWviT
20
ganawyo mudam erTguli murman jinorias daxvewili lord

berleisadmic. n. xuskivaZe Tanmimdevrulad warmoaCens
inglisis ZlevamosilebisaTvis TavSewiruli, mebrZoli
dedoflis portrets. nanuka xuskivaZis elisabedis
saxeSi _ qalisa da dedoflis maradiul omSi _ mudam
mZlavrobs erovnuli interesebisaTvis Tavdadebuli
didi dedofali, m. kaxianis mariam stiuartSi ki _
siyvarulisTvis Tavganwiruli qali.
nanuka xuskivaZis TamaSis stilizebuli manera, _
misi texili Jesti, intonacia Tu moZraobebi mkafiod
warmoaCens marad stresSi myofi dedoflis daeWvebul
xasiaTsac da mis mtkice nebisyofasac. igi SiSobs,
meryeobs, didxans fiqrobs sabediswero da istoriuli
gadawyvetilebis miRebas, _ sakuTar TavSi Cakluli
sasurveli qaluri sawyisis _ momajadoebeli mariam
stiuartis dasjas. elisabedma isic icis,rom xalxi brboa,
romelic, SesaZloa, umal aRmoCndes mowinaaRmdegis banakSi
da dedoflis Tavdaviwyebul siyvaruls Zalauflebisa
da inglisisaTvis sabediswero Zalad moevlinos.
efeqturobiTa da emociurobiT gamoirCeva n.
xuskivaZis elisabedis xalxTan Sexvedris scena. es ufro
klounadaa, moxerxebuli triuki. rogorc cnobilia,
sacirko, Teatraluri elementebiT, uxvadaa gajerebuli
krizisul situaciaSi myof politikosTa qmedebebi,
mTeli maTi saqmianoba. speqtaklSic niRbebmorgebuli
garemocvis TanxlebiT sazogadoebis winaSe warmdgar
dedofals xalxis _ didi masis damajerebeli dasturi
dasWirda yvelaze saxifaTo oponentisgan Tavdasacavad,
mis sabolood mosacileblad. erTgul garemocvaze
amxedrebuli, frTagaSlili arwiviviT wamomarTuli
n. xuskivaZis elisabedi Sekavebuli cinizmiT, Sinagani
mRelvarebiT wardga brbos winaSe da yuradRebiT
daakvirda naZaladevad morekil mrevls. dedofalma unda
amoicnos mteri, mimaluli uzarmazar masaSi.
21
Tamar quTaTelaZe
ori dedoflis maradiul sasufevelSi Sexvedris scena

emociuri da metaforulia.Mmarina kaxianis axalgazrda,
momxibvleli mariam stiuarti TaRis Wrilidan
gadmoixara, nabiji win gadadga da xeli SeaSvela welSi
moxril, valmoxdil dedofals. mxcovani elisabedic
ndobiT daeyrdno metoqes da ukvdavebaSi saxelovan
oponentTan erTad Seabija. imavdroulad, marina kaxianis
TavSekavebul RimilSi wamiT gakrTa pativiscemisa da
cinizmis sxivic didi metoqis istoriuli Rvawlisa
da Zalauflebis efemerulobis gamo. aRsaniSnavia isic,
rom mariam stiuartis gareSe, verc elisabedi gaxdeboda
is, rac gaxda. elisabedis politikuri didebis, misi
masStabis Tanamoziare mariam stiuarticaa. Serigeba
Sedga da maradiul sasufevelSi samaradJamod gverdi-
gverd dasaxldnen inglisis didebisaTvis moRvawe
didi dedofali da misi mSvenieri, diadi oponenti,
ZalauflebisaTvis mebrZoli ori saxelovani monarqi.
reJisoris yuradRebis centrSi umTavresad
centraluri gmirebi aRmoCndnen, xolo mravalricxovani
garemocva, ZiriTadad, efeqtur fons qmnis maTTvis.
srulyofilad ver gamoikveTa verc nanuli sarajiSvilis
scenuri gmiris xasiaTi. misi infanta mari mxolod
speqtaklis finalSi qmnis originalur scenas. speqtaklis
msvlelobisas drodadro interesiT umzerda scenaze
ganviTarebul movlenebs, dasasruls ki, udierad daswvda
uyuradRebod migdebul gvirgvins da ironiulad Tavze
daimxo. am originaluri pasaJiT reJisorma xazi gausva
didi politikis miRma `moRvawe~ fsevdopolitikosTa
wvrilmani miznebis uazrobas, mis maskaradul xasiaTs.
Sedegad _ samefo gvirgvins nanuli sarajiSvilis sadari
juja masxara (infanta mari) daepatrona.
Tu `mariam stiuartis~ dadgmaSi unisons qmnida
ZalauflebisaTvis brZolisa da saxelmwifoebrivi
aRmSeneblobis mzardi faqtori, qarTuli dramaturgiis
22
klasikad aRiarebul S. dadianis `guSindelnSi???~

dampyroblis politikasTan Sexmatkbilebulad moRvawe
adgilobrivi Cinovniki samSoblos moRalated, misda
uneburad ki, modgmis aRsasrulis Tanamonawiledac
mogvevlina.
goCa kapanaZis mier soxumis saxelmwifo dramatuli
Teatris dasTan ganxorcielebuli da marjaniSvilis
Teatris mcire scenaze warmodgenili Salva dadianis
`guSindelni???~ piesis modifikacias warmoadgens.
proeqti afxazeTis mTavrobis xelSewyobiT ganxorcielda
(speqtaklis premiera gaimarTa 2011 wlis dekemberSi).
piesis scenuri versia da musikaluri gaformeba reJisors
ekuTvnis. qoreografia _ kira mebukes. speqtaklSi
sami Taobis msaxiobia dakavebuli. maTgan soxumis
Teatris dasis 16 msaxiobi, ramdenime mowveuli da oric
debiutantia.
1917 wels Seqmnili piesa asaxavs saqarTvelos
gasabWoebamdel periods, magram masSi gacxadebuli
problemebi dRemde ar kargavs aqtualobas. rusTavelis
Teatris scenaze Temur CxeiZem 1972 wels qarTuli
Teatris istoriaSi Salva dadianis `guSindelnis~
Sedevrad aRiarebuli dadgma ganaxorciela. STambeWdavi
iyo S. gawerelias warmodgenac (2001) saqarTvelos
Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitetSi. mZafr
interess iwvevs goCa kapanaZis axali interpretaciac.
erTi gaRatakebuli qarTuli soflis magaliTze
speqtaklSi asaxulia sruliad saqarTvelos problemuri
saukunovani yofa-cxovreba. dadgmis dasaTaureba
reJisorma sami kiTxvis niSniT daamZima da warmodgenis
msvlelobisas naTeli gaxada, rom saukunis win arsebuli
umwvavesi Temebi mravalmxriv gamZafrebula. CixSi
Sesuli kritikuli viTarebis, uimedo da sruliad
uuflebo mdgomareobis gacnobierebiT Tavzardacemuli
axali Taoba TviTmkvlelobiTRa axerxebs tragikuli
23
Tamar quTaTelaZe
sinamdvilis gaprotestebas, misgan Tavdaxsnas.

mxatvarma ana ninuam Sav ferSi gadawyvita scenaze
warmodgenili mamasaxlisis saxlis interieri. marjvniv
dgas grZeli magida, romelzedac, Temur CxeiZis
speqtaklisagan gansxvavebiT, sufra aRar gaiSleba.
g. kapanaZis dadgmaSi odesRac erovnuli Rirsebis
amsaxveli qarTuli sufra fexqveSaa gaTelili. am
magidaze dadian, cekvaven, mRerian. am magidaze sZinavs nika
weredianis nabaxusev grengolms. mogvianebiT swored aqve
aupatiurebs igi Teona guramiSvilis facias, speqtaklis
miwuruls ki, ucxotomelebi da maTTan aliansSi myofi
gadagvarebuli qarTvelebi am magidazeve marTaven
Tavawyvetil Rreobas.
speqtaklis dasawyisSi avanscenaze mdgar skamze
Camomjdari da ararealizebad garemoSi sakuTar uimedo
xvedrze dafiqrebuli agrafina qeTi CaCua agresiulad
moisvris wigns da safeTqelTan miibjens revolvers.
msaxiobi gaazrebulad, emociurad da saxierad TamaSobs
ara marto sakuTari mxatvruli gmiris, aramed mTeli
misi Taobis sulier tragedias. cnobierdeba, rom am
samyaroSi yvela Rirseba damxobilia, ganaTlebam fasi da
azri dakarga. igi ara mxolod usargeblo atributad,
aramed xSir SemTxvevaSi tvirTadac iqca. sicocxlisaTvis
saxifaTo zonad qceul realobaSi ganaTlebul da
moazrovne pirovnebas asparezi ar gaaCnia, igi idevneba da
sazogadoebisgan izolirebuls aRarafris Secvla aRar
SeuZlia. Tavisuflebadakargul qveyanaSi saxelisuflebo
politikis mizanmimarTuli Sedegebidan aRmocenebuli
problemebis gacxadeba akrZalulia da mkacrad isjeba.
dapyrobili qveynis mosaxleobas erTaderT funqciad
dauwesda morCileba, dumili da molodini. igi movalea,
guluxvad aRasrulos stumar-maspinZlobis wesi, mudmivad
SeinarCunos Rimiliani saxe da cekva-simReriT gaarTos
ucxotomeli stumari Tu misi adgilobrivi sateliti.
24
satusaRod qceul saqarTveloSi ki sul ufro matulobs

TviTmkvlelobebi.
speqtaklis dasawyisSi revolveris Caxmaxs agrafina
qeTi CaCuamac gabedulad gamohkra TiTi, magram
revolverma ar gaisrola. nacnob, sabediswero xmaze
SeSfoTebuli SemoiWra kekela lorina papuaSvili-
elerdaSvili da qaliSvils gamomcdelad daacqerda.
agrafinam saswrafod gadamala iaraRi da iqaurobas
gaecala. sabralo deda miuxvda ganzraxvas mwuxrisfer
samosSi Cacmul cremlmoreul, mudam sevdian, haerovan
qaliSvils, romelsac albaT manamdec mravalgzis ucdia
TviTmkvleloba da gulmoklulma xmis kankaliT datuqsa
igi.
mTeli speqtaklis ganmavlobaSi avi winaTgrZnobisagan
aRelvebuli da dafiqrebuli mamasaxlisis meuRle
kekela lorina papuaSvili-elerdaSvili moCvenebiTi
stumarTmoyvareobiT ismens daupatiJebeli stumrebis
saubrebs. igi daZabuli uTvalTvalebs ganmartoebisken
midrekil Svilebs da eswrafis _ aicilos mosalodneli
katastrofa.
socialist karlo yayutaZeze TavdaviwyebiT
Seyvarebuli agrafina qeTi CaCua daJinebiT gascqeris
soflis gzas. siyvarulisa da harmoniisadmi mtrulad
ganwyobil garemoSi xelovnurad daSorebuli
axalgazrdebi TvalebiTRa axerxeben erTmaneTTan
gasaubrebas.
karlo yayutaZis saxe reJisors amoSlili aqvs
moqmedi pirebis siidan, magram agrafinas mier darbazisaken
mimarTuli mzeris ucvleli mimarTuleba mayurebels
mudmivad ganacdevinebs karlo yayutaZis siaxloves. iqmneba
STabeWdileba, rom Seyvarebuli kaci nerviulad moZraobs
mamasaxlisis saxlis Soriaxlos da Tvals ver acilebs
sayvarel qals. Tanasoflelebi saxifaTod miiCneven
revoluciurad ganwyobil meamboxe, nasamarTlev da
25
Tamar quTaTelaZe
gankicxul axalgazrdasTan urTierTobas. isic cdilobs

simSvidismoyvare Tanamemamuleebs ar gaurTulos isedac
damZimebuli cxovrebis ritmi.
mamasaxlisis ojaxSi wasaxemseblad mudam uxvad
Tavmoyrili Tanasoflelebi gahyureben nangrevebad
qceul sofels, ritmulad Tvals adevneben gzaze mimaval
gamvlel-gamomvlels da soflis problemebze frTxili
kamaTiT, WoraobiT, mezoblebis gakilviT, naZaladevi
mxiarulebiT, cekviTa da simReriT TviTgamxnevebas,uimedo
momavlisgan ganridebas, Tavdaviwyebas eswrafvian. `Cemi
iyo is minda, Sen ki sxvisken garbixar!~, (`cicinaTela~)
mRerian scenaze da ikveTeba, rom am sofelSi yvelaze didi
deficiti dadebiTi emocia da harmoniuli siyvarulia.
marina solomonia mkafiod warmosaxavs soflis
vnebadaumcxrali lamazmani fofodias mxatvrul saxes.
msaxiobi TamaSobs didi iumoriT, qaluri eSxiT, pewianad
da laRad. momajadoebeli artistizmiT gamorCeuli
fofodia _ marina solomonia ostaturad, zusti da
zomieri intonirebebiT, momxibvleli grafikuli naxaziT
saxavs scenur gmirs. mas efeqturad xelewifeba, Tavadve
gauarSiydes mizanSi amoRebul sasurvel mamakacs,
Tavi moawonos Tavdajerebul daTo velijanaSvilis
jvebe qolordavasac da iqve, TxilnarSi daicxros
mozRvavebuli vneba. msaxiobi warmoaCens ubiri
sofleli qalis sulier samyaroSi aSlil dramatul
xvedrs Seuferebel partniorTan Tanacxovrebis gamo.
mis mier mravalgzis gaJRerebuli _ `miwa gagisktes,
miwa~ _ xan saalerso formas iZens, xan muqaras, xan
ki iseT aRSfoTebas gamoxatavs, rom taqtianad icilebs
arasasurvel moZalades.
gakotrebuli Tavadi kowias umziTvo qaliSvili
facia _ Teona guramiSvili amayi, Tamami axalgazrda
qalia da Riad saubrobs sakuTar miznebze. kowias
mSvenieri asuli acnobierebs, rom arsebul sinamdvileSi
26
mxolod mSobliuri garemodan uswrafesi ganrideba da

TviTgadarCenaze zrunvaa Rirebuli. misi damokidebuleba
vano duglaZis adikosadmi araa midrekili, Tavi
moawonos axalgazrda frants.Mmsaxiobi warmoaCens
scenuri gmiris pragmatizms. mis civ, drodadro TiTqmis
medidur damokidebulebas momxiblavi, magram arasaimedo
adikosadmi.
sofels moulodnelad wveuli nika weredianis riJa-
parikiani mazris ufrosi radikalurad gansxvavdeba
J. lolaSvilis impozanturi, Tavdajerebuli, Sinagani
simSvidiT aRbeWdili, daxvewili manerebiT gamorCeuli
grengolmisagan. rusTavelis Teatris scenaze Seqmnili
amayi mazris ufrosis vizualuri portretic ki
sazogadoebas samarTlianad ganacdevinebda krZalvisa da
pativiscemis uxv grZnobas didi da Zlevamosili imperiis
Rirseuli msaxurisadmi.Aam mxriv nika weredianis
scenuri gmiri, iseve rogorc S. gawerelias warmodgenaSi
g. bregaZis mier Seqmnili saxe, sakuTar mdgomareobasa da
uflebebSi daeWvebuli, frTxili, TavdaWerili, TiTqmis
uCinari Cinovnikia. orive maTgans mkafiod SerCenia
mdabio, saeWvo warmomavlobis kvali.
nika weredianis mxatvruli saxe moCvenebiTi
zrdilobiT SejavSnuli, kontaqturi, yuradRebiani,
efeqturi axalgazrdaa da arsebiTad ar gansxvavdeba
garemomcveli moqalaqeebis fonze. msaxiobi ironia -
iumoriT gamokveTili gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebiT xatavs
dapyrobil qveyanaSi qveSevrdomTa gasacnobad,Mxarkis
asakrefad, drostarebisa da `tuzemcebis~ monobis
masStabis Sesamowmeblad warmogzavnili ucxotomelis
portrets. mis Tavdapirvel cnobismoyvareobas, ridsa da
Sinagan mRelvarebas maleve enacvleba Sekavebuli brazi.
sargeblismoyvare qveSevrdomTa daufaravi mliqvnelobiT
ganrisxebuli uTmo grengolmi Taviseburad gamoxatavs
Sinagan protests. igi sul ufro mourideblad,nerviulad
27
Tamar quTaTelaZe
ixsnis da ixuravs ukve usargeblo atributad qceul

pariks.
msaxiobi nugzar Ciqovani speqtaklSi didi sarkazmiT
ganasaxierebs mxdal da farisevel malxaz pitriSaZes.
erovnuli Tavmoyvareobisagan ganZarcul mamasaxliss
sakuTar movaleobad didi xelmwifis erTguleba
miuCnevia. igi kategoriuli uariT istumrebs mrevls _
soflis gasaWiris gamo `sayvedurs ver vetyvi~ xelmwifis
kacso da Tanasoflelebsac ukrZalavs koloniuri
politikis mizanmimarTul Sedegebze Civils. gausaZlisi
yofiT SeWirvebuli qarTvelebi ki, didi winaaRmdegobis
miuxedavad, mravalgvari xrikis momarjvebiT axerxeben
xelmwifis msaxurTan SeRwevasa da Civils.
mamasaxlisis sixarbiTa da TaRliTobiT aRSfoTebuli
paata kikvaZis jibo kvantriSvili zewarSi gaxveuli
Sei para grengolmis saZinebelSi. nabaxusev stumars
uSvelebeli moZravi TeTri masa moCveneba egona da
SiSisagan lamis suli ganuteva. merab brekaSvilis
gakotrebuli Tavadi kowia sasmeliT eaxla xelovnurad
welgamarTuli da SiSmoreulma mewileoba SesTavaza
madneulis gayidvaSi daxmarebis SemTxvevaSi. julieta
pakelianis kneina eSxam mJave kitri miarTva stumars.
es energiuli qalbatoni daTo velijanaSvilis jvebe
qolordavam Zlivs moaSora simSvidismoyvare ufross
da ganwiruli qali ise CaebRauWa grengolms, rom misi
yuradRebis mosapoveblad Ceqma gaxada da Tan gaiyola.
Temur CxeiZis saxelovan speqtaklSi, iseve rogorc
Salva gawerelias dadgmaSi, generali berdosani (g. WiWinaZe,
p. kublaSvili) wels qvemoT gadaWrili da urikaze
dakruli xeibari iyo. rusTavelelTa warmodgenaSi `g.
WiWinaZis generali scenaze urikiT SemohyavdaT. igi Cia,
CvrebSi Cafluli, daleuli berikaci iyo da mogagonebdaT
Tojinebis Teatris tikinas, romelsac laparakis unariRa
28
SerCenia~.1 am mxriv g. kapanaZis dadgmaSi nugzar weredianis

berdosani galoTebuli, fexSiSvela, eqscentruli,
TiTqmis Seuracxadi moxucia, romlis imedze yofna kidev
ufro gamokveTs SeWirvebuli qarTvelebis araadekvatur
azrovnebas. aSkara iyo, rom nugzar weredianis berdosanis
Zalebs aRemateboda dakisrebuli movaleoba da bunebrivad
JRerda xelisuflebis msaxurTan mis mier mxolod
sakuTar Tavze zrunvis motivi.
nugzar Ciqovanis mliqvnelma mamasaxlisma Tavisi
guluxvobiT mravlismxilveli mazris ufrosic daabnia.
man xelisuflebis msaxuris keTilganwyobis mosapoveblad
ara marto oqros beWdebi da fulis msxvili dasta uZRvna
grengolms,aramed uyoymanod gawira sruliad saqarTvelo.
Zarcvis azartiT galaRebuli mamasaxlisi eswrafvis,
nebismieri msxverplSewirvis fasad uzrunvelyos piradi
komforti. Tumca, rogorc irkveva, didi qonebis moxveWis
miuxedavad, verc mis ojaxSi davanebula saocnebo
idilia.
qarTvelebis degradaciis masStabiT gaocebuli
nika weredianis grengolmi zizRmoreuli aqilikebs
samyaros erT-erT uZveles ers da cinikurad epatroneba
upatrono qveynis simbolod, momaval kneina Cituniad
CamoqveiTebul, gakotrebuli Tavadis ulamazes asuls.
naTesavis xvedriT SeSfoTebuli kira mebukis xandazmuli
Citunia alersianad tuqsavs `Tayvanismcemels~ da
rekviemis hangebze ZaliT ahkidebs gasaqcevad gamzadebul,
gamofxizlebul grengolms. `facias moCvenebiTi
winaaRmdegobidan aRaraferi rCeba. misi unebisyofo
buneba emorCileba grengolmis Segonebas~2, _ werda
akaki baqraZe n. faCuaSvilis scenuri gmiris Taobaze.
es Sefaseba identuria soxumis Teatris speqtaklSi
Seqmnili Teona guramiSvilis faciasTvisac. rusTavelis
1
baqraZe a. ,kino, Teatri, 1989., gv. 298
2
iqve. gv. 299
29
Tamar quTaTelaZe
Teatris scenaze `facia n. faCuaSvili welSi gamarTuli,

gafxorili, damcinavi RimiliT tovebda Tanamemamuleebs
da grengolmTan erTad miemgzavreboda~.1 am mxriv
Teona guramiSvilis facia mTeli arsebiT acnobierebs
pirovnulsa da erovnul tragedias. protesti da mZafri
sayveduri JRers mis ukanasknel replikaSic _ ìyideba
saqarTvelo!~ magram mas pirze xelis afarebiT aCumeben
daWeris SiSiT yvela Seuracxyofis amtani uuflebo
qarTvelebi. aCqarebuli ucxotomeli ki cinikurad
svams maspinZlebis sadRegrZelos _ `gaumarjos Cveni
RvTismSoblis wilxvedr gasxivebul saqarTvelos~
da Riad amcirebs yvela adamianuri uflebebisagan
ganZarcul qveSevrdomebs. erT-erTi maTgani, mkveTri
feris makiaJiT daxatuli wiTelloyeba, mokle wiTel
kabaSi gamowyobili da wiTelbafTiani zaza asaniSvilis
Tavadi gorgaslaniani stumars TavdaviwyebiT ecekveba
kankans. gorgaslanianis saxiT mterTan aliansSi myofi
qarTvelebis gadagvarebuli, momakvdavi da cvedani modgma
laRobs scenaze. M
T. CxeiZis dadgmaSiA`m. gogavas adiko pitriSiZe
ganaTlebuli axalgazrda, sportis moyvare,
ultraTanamedrove azrebis mqone, Tavisuflebis
motrfiale (Tumca sityviT da ara saqmiT), TiTqos
amayi da Tavmoyvare arafers sTxovda mazris ufross...
misi protesti moCvenebiTi gaxldaT da suliT adikoc
araraoba iyo~.2 soxumis Teatris speqtaklSi Seqmnili
vano duglaZis adiko sulierad Rataki da Tavisufali
siyvarulis mexotbe pozioria. facias damkargavi
axalgazrda kaci ki sruliad kargavs sakuTari Tavisa
da momavlis rwmenas. igi rwmundeba, rom sasurvel
partniorad ver gamodgeba da mzadaa, gauarSiydes marina
solomonias fofodiasac da TiTqmis bebias asakis kira
1
iqve. gv. 300
2
iqve. gv. 295
30
mebukis kneina Cituniasac. vano duglaZis scenuri gmiris

saxelovani bolo monologi dakninebul-gadagvarebuli
kacis mier patriotuli TemiT spekulirebis mcdelobad
iqca da igi nabaxusevi Tanasoflelebis gniasSi
Caikarga.Aam fonze sruliad logikur finals iZens
misi TviTmkvlelobis aqti. mxolod amgvari JestiTRa
ZaluZs gaaprotestos mamis naqurdalze damokidebuli
uperspeqtivo kacis uazro arseboba, romelsac mxolod
erTi Ramis siamovnebis SeTavazebaRa ZaluZs sayvareli
qalisaTvis.
XXI saukunis qarTul realobaSi uswrafesad
ganviTarebuli procesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, swored
klasikur dramaturgias aRmoaCnda yvelaze didi resursi.
igi SesaZleblobas qmnis, qarTulma Teatralurma
reJisuram adekvaturad asaxos Cveni krizisuli viTareba
da niRabi SemoaZarcvos degradaciis uZiro ufskrulSi
danTqmul, fsevdopolitikur TamaS-garigebebSi,
demagogiur ritorikebSi urcxvad gawaful `mamebsa da
Svilebs~.
31
Llela wifuria
erTi piesis gansxvavebuli

interpretaciebi
artur mileri meoce saukunis udides amerikel

dramaturgad aris miCneuli. misi yvelaze cnobili
piesebia: yvela Cemi vaJiSvili /All My Sons (1947)/,
komovoiaJeris sikvdili /Death of a Salesman (1949)/,
xedi xididan/ A View from the Bridge (1955)/, fasi/
The Price (1968)/ da, ra Tqma unda, mkacri gansacdeli,
(The Crucible (1953)/ seilemis procesi/, CvenSi
am saTauriT cnobili piesa, romelsac originalSi
gansxvavebuli saxelwodeba aqvs. artur mileris
Semoqmedeba da misi piradi cxovrebac (mogexsenebaT, is
meoce saukunis silamazis simbolod miCneuli merlin
monros meuRle iyo xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi da maT
qorwinebas mzeTunaxavisa da geniosis qorwineba uwodes)
mudmivad iyo rogorc amerikuli, aseve msoflio presis
yuradRebis centrSi. artur mileris piesebi idgmeboda
msoflios wamyvan TeatrebSi, misi piesebis mixedviT
iRebdnen filmebs. Tavad dramaturgis namuSevrebi da misi
piesebis mixedviT Seqmnili speqtaklebi Tu filmebi ara
erTi nominaciiTa da jildoTi aRiniSna. kvlevis Temaa
artur mileris seilemis procesis interpretaciebi
Tbilisis scenebze. Tumca, vidre uSualod kvlevis
sagans SevexebiT, minda mokled gavaanalizo mileris
piesis Seqmnis istoria, misi pirveli dadgma da am piesis
mixedviT gadaRebul filmebi.
artur mileris mkacri gansacdelis (The Crucible~)
premiera 1953 wlis 22 ianvars Sedga brodveize, martin
bekis TeatrSi. Sesabamisad, piesis daweris TariRad 1952
weli unda miviCnioT. piesa relur ambebs efuZneba
masaCusetsis StatSi momxdar process, e. w. kudianebze
32
nadirobas 16921693 wlebSi. piesis moqmedi pirebis
umetesobas realuri prototi pebi hyavs. artur milerma
mciredi koreqtivebi Seitana personaJTa biografiebSi
mTavari moqmedi piris, abigail uiliamsis prototi pi 11
wlis iyo, piesaSi is 17 wlisaa.1 es cvlileba dramaturgs
dasWirda, raTa gaemZafrebina abigailis SurisZiebis
motivacia: piesiseuli personaJi jon proqtorze
im ojaxis ufroszea Seyvarebuli, romelTanac igi
mosamsaxured muSaobda da romelTanac sasiyvarulo
kavSiri hqonda. abigaili titubasTan, barbadosel monasa
da mis Tanatol gogonebTan erTad ritualur cekvebs
asrulebs tyeSi. samuel perisi seilemis eklesiis
winamZRvari gogonebis cekvis momswre xdeba. swored
amis Semdeg iwyeba seilemSi kudianebze nadiroba.
procesSi, saeklesio winamZRvrebis garda, erTvebian
samarTaldamcavebi: denforti, mosamarTle hotorni,
Civeri da a. S. oRond seilemSi xdeba ukugeba gogonebi
sakuTari Tavis gasamarTleblad seilemis mcxovreblebs,
umetesad maT, vinc ar moswonT da viszedac SurisZieba
surT, jadoqrobaSi deben brals. swored es xdeba mizezi
imisa, rom mSvidobiani provinciis cxovrebaSi qvena
grZnobebis aRzeveba iwyeba xorciel vnebebs ayolili
abigaili cdilobs jon proqtoris meuRlis, elisabedis
gzidan Camocilebas da misi adgilis dakavebas. en patnemi
sakuTari Cvilebis ususurobasa da gardacvalebas
mravalSvilian qals rebeka nersis abralebs da misi
gasamarTlebisa da CamoxrCobis mizezi xdeba. Tomas
patnems, enis meuRles, jails koris miwebis Cagdeba surs
da uyoymanod wamebs cils mezobels sakuTari mamulis
gasafarToeblad... saocari suraTi ixateba _ erTi mxriv,
angarebiani adamianebis mier udanaSauloTa daundoblad
gawirvisa, romelsac samarTaldamcavebi aRasruleben da
meore mxriv, zneobrivi simaRlisa, romlis upirvelesi
1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crucible
33
Llela wifuria
warmomadgenelic piesis protagonisti jon proqtoria.

meCvidmete saukunis dasasrulis amerikul provinciaSi
datrialebuli ambavi sainteresoa ara mxolod rogorc
faqti, aseve rogorc mZafri intrigisa da peri petiebis
Semcveli istoria. cxadia, es procesi iseTi dramaturgis
xelSi, rogoric artur mileri iyo, uaRresad emociur
piesad iqca, _ personaJTa vnebaTaRelva ukiduresobamdea
gamZafrebuli da, Sesabamisad, uaRresad saintereso
masalaa msaxiobisTvis personaJis saxis gamosaZerwad.
magram, cxadia, mxolod emociuroba ar aris am piesis
mTavari Rirseba: artur milerma mkacri gansacdeli
(The Crucible) makartizmis aRzevebis xanaSi dawera.
viTareba, romelic im dros amerikis SeerTebul
StatebSi iyo, marTlac gvagonebs kudianebze nadirobas.
cxadia, artur mileri, rogorc namdvili Semoqmedi, mis
samSobloSi mimdinare rTuli procesebis miRma ver
darCeboda. mkacri gansacdeli (The Crucible) milerma
dawera rogorc makartizmis alegoria. savaraudod, es
piesa erT-erTi mizezicaa imisa, rom 1956 wels artur
mileri Tavad daikiTxa warmomadgenelTa palatis
komitetSi antiamerikuli qmedebebis gamorkvevis mizniT
da kongresis upativcemulobis braldeba wauyenes.1
rogorc ukve aRvniSne, mkacri gansacdelis (The
Crucible) premiera 1953 wlis 22 ianvars Sedga martin
beqis TeatrSi, brodveis erT-erTi wamyvan TeatrSi,
romelic 1924 wels daarsda. am Teatris repertuarSi,
garda dramatuli warmodgenebisa, mravladaa miuziklebi.
es Teatri 2003 wlidan al hirSfildis Teatris
saxeliTaa cnobili. speqtaklis premieras presaSi
didwilad mtrulad ganwyobili Sefasebebi mohyva.
mxolod niu-iork Taimsis Sefaseba iyo dadebiTi. Tavad
artur mileri ambobda, rom speqtakli iyo stilizebuli
da civi. da mainc, es warmodgena dajildovda amerikis
1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crucible
34
erTi piesis gansxvavebuli interpretaciebi
SeerTebuli Statebis umaRlesi saTeatro priziT, Tony

Award-iT. es prizi rangiT utoldeba kinematografiis
umaRles priz oskars, musikalur gremis, satelevizio
emis...
mkacri gansacdeli ( The Crucible) mravalgzis
daidga amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis TeatrebSic
da evropaSic. evropuli dadgmebidan gansakuTrebiT
aRsaniSnavia 1954 wlis parizis sara bernaris Teatris
speqtakli, sadac mTavar rolebs iv montani da simona
siniore TamaSobdnen. piesa orjer iyo ekranizebuli:
pirvelad 1957 wels, safrangeT-germaniis erToblivi
nawarmoebi, romelic reJisorma raimond roulaum
dadga. umniSvnelovanesi faqtia, rom piesis adaptacia
da filmis scenari Jan-pol sartrma Seqmna. cxadia,
im rangis filosofosi da dramaturgi, rogoric Jan-
pol sartri iyo, artur mileris piesaSi uciloblad
Seitanda problemis egzistencialur xedvas da am
prizmidan warmoaCenda gadarCenis dilemis winaSe
mdgari personaJebis arsebobis problemas. filmSi im
periodis evropuli kinos namdvili Tanavarskvlavedi
iyo dakavebuli. simona siniore elisabed proqtori,
iv montani jon proqtori (es msaxiobebi TamaSobdnen
sara bernaris Teatris speqtaklSic), milen de monJo
abigail uiliamsi, miSel pikoli patnemi da a. S... filmi
mravali priziT aRiniSna da, rac Zalze mniSvnelovania,
prizebiT aRiniSna samsaxiobo namuSevrebi.
meore ekranizacia 1996 wels ganxorcielda. amjerad
scenaris avtori Tavad artur mileri gaxldaT. filmis
reJisori iyo nikolas pitneri, xolo mTavar rolebs
asrulebdnen: deniel de luisi jon proqtori, vainuna
raideri abigail uiliamsi, pol skofildi mosamarTle
denforti. samsaxiobo namuSevrebi ara erTi nominaciiT
aRiniSna. Tavad artur mileri oskaris nominanti gaxda
saukeTeso adaptirebuli scenarisTvis. filmi 1997
35
Llela wifuria
wels berlinales monawile iyo. amrigad, mkacri

gansacdeli (The Crucible) samarTlianad iTvleba
amerikuli dramaturgiis erT-erT saukeTeso qmnilebad,
romelic misi Seqmnidan dRemde ar kargavs popularobas
rogorc Tavad amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, aseve
evropaSi. miT ufro sainteresoa am piesis qarTuli
interpretaciebis analizi da qarTuli speqtaklebis,
rogorc msoflio saTeatro procesebis monawilis
Sefaseba.
1965 wlis TebervalSi rusTavelis TeatrSi artur
mileris piesis premiera Sedga. seilemis procesi
rusTavelis Teatris speqtakls ase ewodeboda. piesa
qarTulad qeTevan lorTqifaniZem Targmna. rusTavelis
Teatris speqtakli amerikeli dramaturgis piesis pirveli
interpretacia iyo. Teatris muzeumSi daculi 1965 wlis
15 Tebervlis oqmi #4 speqtaklis Cabarebis dokumentia.1
msgavsi oqmebi yoveli warmodgenis samxatvro sabWosTvis
Cabarebis dros dgeboda. biurokratuli procedura da
rigiTi dokumenti uaRresad mniSvnelovan informacias
gvawvdis warmodgenis Taobaze. upirveles yovlisa,
samxatvro sabWos Semadgenloba: irakli abaSiZe, vaxtang
beriZe, niko yiasaSvili, guram saRaraZe, sergo zaqariaZe,
Tamaz WilaZe, buxuti zaqariaZe, giorgi gegeWkori, badri
kobaxiZe, gizo Jordania, robert sturua, aleqsandre
slovinski, oleg qoCakiZe, iuri CikvaiZe, oTar liTaniSvili,
ramaz CxikvaZe, emanuel afxaiZe. sazogadod, Teatrebis
samxatvro sabWoebis SemadgenlobaSi Teatrebisa da
sazogadoebisTvis Rirebul pirovnebebs iwveven. amis gamoc,
speqtaklis Cabarebis oqmebi umetesad warmodgenis sakmaod
Rrma analizs Seicavs. vfiqrob, oqmSi warmodgenili
pirovnebebis sia TavisTavad mravlismetyvelia. amgvari
oqmebi samxatvro sabWos wevrebis pirvel emocias Seicavs
da amiTac aris saintereso. ramdenime citatas moviyvan
1
rusTavelis Teatris muzeumi. oqmi #4, seilemis procesi.
36
am oqmidan:
vaxtang beriZe _ reJisoris mier azrobrivi, emociuri
da ritmuli mxare SesaniSnavadaa monaxuli. amitom
gitacebs da gaRelvebs. es nawarmoebi SesaniSnavia, magram
amave dros, aSkarad publicisturi. amitom gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovania is simarTle, romelic yvela msaxiobs
moaqvs. s. zaqariaZe rom SesaniSnavia, es araa gasakviri.
amx. n. yiasaSvili darwmunebuli var, rom es
warmodgena namdvil moqalaqeobriv JReradobas miaRwevs.
mayurebeli didi xania elis aseT warmodgenas.
amx. i. abaSiZe seilemis procesi mxatvruli
TvalsazrisiT, mileris saukeTeso piesad ar mimaCnia
es publicisturi piesaa, Tumca didi mxatvris mieraa
dawerili. amitom, xSirad miWirs imis gansxvaveba,
sad moqmedebs Cemze xelovneba da sad sinamdvile. es
piesa diqtaturis winaaRmdegia, Tumca problemuria da
filosofiuri.
amx. T. WilaZe guSin win rom vnaxe, megona dasi
scenaze saTamaSod ki ar asula, aramed adamianis
Rirsebis dasacavad. ar SeiZleba dRes mayurebeli ar
dafiqrebuliyo Tavisi Rirsebis dacvaze. me bednieri
viyavi reJisorisa da msaxiobebis gamarjvebiT. es
Sekruli, ansambluri speqtaklia yvela Taobis msaxiobTa
organuli SerwymiT. qarTul TeatrSi bolo dros es
iSviaTi movlenaa. SesaniSnavia mxatvroba idea ixateba
masSi, msaxiobi damTrgunveli samyaroTia garemoculi.
amx. b. zaqariaZe aRtacebuli davrCi dRevandeli
warmodgeniT, magram erTi raRac mafiqrebs: analogiuri
ambavi moxda CvenTan 1937 wels. bevrSi gamoiwvevs
asociacias, guls atkens, iqneb boloSi diqtoris teqstSi
Seicvalos `20 weli.
amx. n. yiasaSvili Tu nawarmoebi aseT asociacias
iwvevs, TariRis Secvla arafers niSnavs.
amx. s. zaqariaZe rom ar yofiliyo CvenSi 1937 w.
37
Llela wifuria
es piesa Tavis mniSvnelobas ar dakargavda. ra aris 1937

w. samamulo omTan SedarebiT? milionobiT ebraelis
gawyvetasTan SedarebiT? amitom 20 weli arafers
niSnavs da avtoris Sesworeba amisTvis ar Rirs. Cven
is gvinda, rom mayurebelma am speqtaklis meore dRes
ifiqros Tavis da sxvis Rirsebaze, kacTmoyvareobaze.1
rogorc speqtaklis Cabarebis oqmidan irkveva, sabWos
wevrebis analizi mxolod warmodgenis mxatvrul xarisxze
msjelobiT ar Semoifargleba. buxuti zaqariaZis teqstSi
naxsenebi 1937 wlis asociacia uciloblad gaCndeboda
sazogadoebaSi. magram ara mxolod 1937 wlis. gasuli
saukunis 60-ian wlebs, romlebic SedarebiT mSvidi
iyo saqarTvelosTvis, win uamravi represia uZRoda.
mogexsenebaT, meoce saukunis saqarTvelos istoria
uamrav texils moicavs, sadac msxverpli udanaSaulo
xalxi iyo. cxadia, masaCusetsis StatSi meCvidmete
saukuneSi datrialebuli tragedia artur mileris
piesaSi ara mxolod istoriuli garemoa, aramed imgvari
samyaros modeli, sadac adamianuri qvena grZnobebis
aRzeveba sazogadoebis wevrebs da Tavad sazogadoebas
uqmnis safrTxes. asociaciebi, romelTac rusTavelis
Teatris warmodgena aRZravda mayurebelSi, mxolod
1937 welTan ar iyo dakavSirebuli. inteleqtualuri
mayurebeli artur mileris Seqmnil samyaros modelSi
sakuTari qveynis models xedavda, sadac ciliswameba,
dasmena da kaenis sindromic araerTgzis aRzevebula da
aTasobiT adamiani Seuwiria. amdenad, seilemis procesi
60-iani wlebis mayureblisTvis iyo speqtakli, romelic
emociis gareSe aravis datovebda. kidev erTi viTareba,
romelic garkveulwilad airekla robert sturuas am
dadgmaSi, Tavad rusTavelis Teatris Sida, SemoqmedebiTi
konfliqtia, romelic sabolood Tavad robert sturuas
pedagogis, mixeil TumaniSvilis Teatridan wasvliT
1
rusTavelis Teatris muzeumi. oqmi #4, seilemis procesi.
38
dasrulda. kvleva am sakiTxs ar exeba da mxolod imas

aRvniSnav, rom iseT sensitiur garemoSi, rogoric Teatria,
SemoqmedebiTi Sida konfliqtebi Zalze mtkivneulad
aRiqmeba. seilemis procesSi dakavebuli msaxiobebis
nawili mixeil TumaniSvilis Tanamoazre, miSas msaxiobi
iyo. cxadia,es viTareba garkveul gavlenas axdenda rogorc
Semsruleblebze, aseve damdgmelebze da speqtaklSi
Seqmnili vizualuri garemoc da aqtiorTa emociuri
muxti ukiduresad iyo gamZafrebuli. speqtaklis
programaze dabeWdili anotacia amgvari sityvebiT
Tavdeboda: warsulis gaxsenebiT a. milerma daundoblad
amxila burJuaziuli sistema, romelic Zaladobasa
da usamarTlobas emyareba. a. mileri icavs adamianis
maRal Rirsebas da mouwodebs yvelas SeebrZolos
Zaladobas, usamarTlobas.1 cxadia, amgvari mxilebani
sabWoTa kavSirSi mxolod burJuaziul sistemas exeboda,
qarTul sinamdvilesTan ki mas rusTavelis Teatris
maRalmxatvruli warmodgena akavSirebda.
Teatrmcodne naTela uruSaZe, romelic imxanad
rusTavelis Teatris literaturuli nawilis gamge iyo,
amgvarad afasebda artur mileris piesis damkvidrebas
rusTavelis Teatris repertuarSi: artur mileris
dadgma arc erTi TvalsazrisiT ar SeiZleba SemTxveviTi
iyos. mileri mkveTri, naTlad Camoyalibebuli poziciis
mqone avtoria, misi nawarmoebis dedaazri usaTuod
konkretulia da naTeli. maSasadame, Teatris arCevani
SeiZleba SeCerdes mileris piesaze mxolod maSin,Tu masSi
Caqsovili idea axlobelia imaTTvis, vinc es nawarmoebi
scenaze unda ganaxorcielos. amgvari moqalaqeobrivi
siaxlovis da ideiT WeSmariti aRelvebis gareSe
SeuZlebelia mileris piesis xarisxovani ganxorcieleba
scenaze.2
1
rusTavelis Teatris muzeumSi daculi seilemis procesis
programa.
2
naTela uruSaZe. rusTavelis Teatris muzeumi, xelnaweri, eqsponati
39
Llela wifuria
speqtaklis aRqma dekoraciiT iwyeba. artur mileris

piesis robert sturuaseuli interpretaciac sameulis
(oleg qoCakiZe, aleqsandre slovinski da iuri CikvaiZe)
dekoraciiT iwyeboda. mxatvrebma sruliad originaluri
xerxi SesTavazes mayurebels parteri da scena gayofili
iyo Teatris rkinis fardiT (saxanZro uSiSroebis
mizniT rom eSveba xolme speqtaklis dasasruls). am
fardis mZime, tlanqi, pirquSi forma damTrgunveli iyo.
rogorc giganturi giliotina xrWialiT, mZimed adioda
da Tavzardamcemi xmauriT ecemoda Zirs. misi sicive,
Seuvaloba, Semazrzeni SegrZneba raRac gamoucnobisa
da tiranulis Sua saukuneebis siRrmeSi daZruli
idumalebis xatad iyo TiTqos qceuli.1 es rkinis farda,
erTi mxriv, dekoraciis vizualur-materialuri nawili
iyo da, meore mxriv, metafora, romelic am termins _
rkinis fardas, romelic sabWoTa kavSiris danarCen
samyarosgan izolacias aRniSnavda, _ Seesatyviseboda.
sameulis mier warmosaxuli seilemis yofiTi garemo
uxeSi, gaurandavi xis faqturiT Seqmnili aveji mbrunav
scenaze sxvadasxva kuTxiT warmoCndeboda. dekoraciis
Semadgeneli nawili iyo uzarmazari koWebi da zed
Camokidebuli saxrCobelebi. es saxrCobelebi simbolur
datvirTvas iZenda da mTeli sazogadoebis ganwirulebis
motivs warmoaCenda.
aranakleb saintereso iyo speqtaklis musikaluri
gaformeba, ufro zustad _ musikisa da xmaurebis
sinTezi, romelic erTgvarad filmis gaxmovanebas ufro
hgavda. xmovani partituris avtori evgeni maWavariani
iyo. dekoracia da xmovani rigi speqtaklSi qmnida im
damTrgunvel atmosferos, sadac personaJebi sakuTari
udanaSaulobis damtkicebis SeuZleblobis gamo zneobis
# 947.
1
nodar gurabaniZe. pirveli nabiji konceptualuri reJisurisken,
sabWoTa xelovneba~, 1988, # 10, gv. 25.
40
sawinaaRmdego arCevans akeTeben.

mosamarTle denfortis rolis Semsrulebeli sergo
zaqariaZe TiTqos momnusxvelad moqmedebda seilemis
mcxovreblebze. misi pirquSi, msajulis mantiiT mosili
zviadi sxeuli sivrces yovelmxriv seravda,TiTqos Tavisi
msxverplis gamo, sivrces yovelmxriv gamo kabalistikur
niSnebs xatavda... metad Semazrzenia misi refleqsi
adamianis aRqmisa, rogorc potenciuri damnaSavisa.1
rusTavelis Teatris seilemis procesSi araerTi
saintereso roli Seiqmna: ediSer maRalaSvilis jon
proqtori, guram saRaraZis heili, zina kverenCxilaZis
elizabeti, iza gigoSvilis abigaili, nana faCuaSvilis
susana... da mainc, sergo zaqariaZis denforti am
warmodgenis yvelaze srulyofili roli iyo. visac
es bumberazi msaxiobi scenaze unaxavs, uciloblad
gaiziarebs Cems mosazrebas...
1965 wels artur mileri Tbiliss ewvia da
rusTavelelTa speqtakls amgvari Sefaseba misca:
darbaisluri warmodgenaa da ara sentimentaluri,
rogorc es zogierT scenaze minaxavs. momewona, Zalze
STambeWdavia... mizanswrafulia, Zlieria moqmedeba,
mTliani da monoliTuri.
rusTavelis Teatrma seilemis procesi moskovSi,
kremlis TeatrSi warmoadgina da didi warmateba xvda
wilad.2
da kidev erTi faqtori, riTac artur mileris piesis
mniSvnelovneba SeiZleba Sefasdes qarTuli Teatris
istoriaSi: seilemis procesis dadgma robert sturuas
politikuri Teatris dasawyisia. meoce saukunis meore
naxevris qarTuli Teatris umniSvnelovanesi movlena
sturuas Teatris fenomenis saxeliT Sesuli qarTuli
da, gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, msoflio kulturis
1
m. levini, sergo zaqariaZe, gam. xelovneba, 1975, gv. 356.
2
seilemis procesis warmateba, literaturuli saqarTvelo, 1966,
09. 12.
41
Llela wifuria
istoriaSi _ swored am speqtakliT iRebs saTaves. Tavad

reJisori ase afasebs seilemis procesis rols mis
biografiaSi: es speqtakli saetapo iyo Cems SemoqmedebaSi.
CemTvis SeumCnevlad mivedi konceptualur reJisuramde.
me savsebiT uari vTqvi moralizaciaze da didaqtikur
tonze. kriteriumebi? azrobrivi wyobis sifxizle da
mniSvneloba zneobrivi qveteqstisa gamravlebuli naTel
sceniur saxeze. seilemis procesis Semdeg daiwyo Cemi
profesiuli muSaoba. me ukve vicodi, Tu ras veZebdi
TeatrSi da ra msurda mimeRo misgan.1
amrigad, seilemis procesis dadgma mravalmxriv
mniSvnelovani movlenaa: qarTuli Teatris scenaze
warmatebiT daidga udidesi amerikeli dramaturgis
artur mileris piesa da swored am piesis dadgmam
ganapiroba axali saTeatro azrovnebis dasawyisi didi
reJisoris, robert sturuas SemoqmedebaSi.
1994 wels Temur CxeiZem marjaniSvilis TeatrSi
seilemis procesi dadga. oTxmocdaaTiani wlebis
dasawyisi samarTlianad Seva saqarTvelos istoriaSi,
rogorc urTulesi sulieri da materialuri problemebis
aRmniSvneli periodi. saqarTveloSi momxdari iyo
xalxis mier arCeuli prezidentis ZaliT damxobis aqti,
wagebuli iyo afxazeTis omi, saqarTveloSi sicive da
SimSili mefobda... programis fasi 4000 kuponi iyo,
saxelmwifos fulis niSanic ki ar hqonda. scenaze
gasvlis win administracia saTeatro Senobamde fexiT
misul msaxiobs saWmels axvedrebda, raTa aqtiors scenaze
SimSiliT guli ar wasvloda. TeatrSi aseve fexiT misul
mayurebels gayinuli Senoba xvdeboda. orad gayofili
sazogadoeba, e. w. zviadistebi da maTi araerTgzis
damrbevi putCistebic, damnaSaves eZebda da kudianebze
nadirobas iwyebda. am viTarebaSi gansakuTrebiT mZafri
iyo iseTi reJisoris pozicia, rogoric Temur CxeiZea.
1
gaz. zaria vostoka, 1984, 17. 06.
42
cxadia, Temur CxeiZe kargad icnobda robert sturuas

cnobil speqtakls. 1994 wels, anu TiTqmis sami aTeuli
wlis Semdeg, Temur CxeiZe kvlav seilemis procesiT
usvams diagnozs sulierad dasneulebul, davrdomil da
znedacemul sazogadoebas da am mxrivac agrZelebs da
ukavSirdeba Teatris saukeTeso tradiciebs.1
unda aRiniSnos, rom seilemis procesi Temur CxeiZem
jer peterburgis giorgi tovstonogovis saxelobis
TeatrSi dadga da Semdgom _ marjaniSvilis TeatrSi.
reJisors araerTi speqtakli gadautania qarTuli
scenidan rusul scenaze. oRond seilemis procesis
SemTxvevaSi is jer peterburgSi daidga, xolo Semdeg
TbilisSi. peterburgSi dadgmul warmodgenas udidesi
warmateba xvda wilad da presaSic mravlad daibeWda
dadebiTi recenzia. am warmodgenis eqom Tbilisamdec
CamoaRwia da sazogadoeba interesiT eloda seilemis
procesis axal versias.
marjaniSvilelTa warmodgenis mxatvari SoTa
glurjiZe iyo. scenaze ewyo xis uzarmazari lodebi,
romlebic sami mxridan Semofarglavdnen samoqmedo
areals. portalze ganlagebuli iyo morebis gadaWris
Sedegad darCenili kunZebi, romlebic TokebiT iyo mibmuli
zecad moazrebul scenis zeda nawilTan. es vizualuri
kavSiri ormag asociacias aRZravda erTi mxriv, zecasTan
kontaqtis, da meore mxriv, _ saxrCobelebis Tokebis.
moxda reJisorisa da mxatvris Tanamoazreobis sinTezi,
rogorc dekoraciis, aseve personaJebis samoselis
gaazrebis TvalsazrisiT _ kostiumisa da grimis, rogorc
gmiris warmosaxvis erT-erT umTavres maxasiaTeblad
gadaqcevis gziT. am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani
iyo nato murvaniZis meri uoreni. oTxmocdaaTiani
wlebis dasawyisSi nato murvaniZe qarTuli Teatrisa
da kinos amomaval varskvlavad iTvleboda. am garemoebas
1
kravai naxucriSvili. `gamocda~, gaz. iveria eqspresi, 1994, 23.
09.
43
Llela wifuria
upiratesad misi silamaze ganapirobebda. marjaniSvilis

Teatris warmodgenaSi nato murvaniZe meri uorenis
rols asrulebda. momxibvlelma msaxiobma ramdenadme
saxasiaTo, saTvaliani, dabneuli knaWa gogona warmosaxa.
imdroindeli presa nato murvaniZis rolze aRniSnavda,
rom misi Sesrulebis mxatvruli xarisxi speqtaklSi
yvela Taobis msaxiobebis rolebs aRemateboda.
denfortis rols marjaniSvilis Teatris speqtaklSi
nodar mgalobliSvili asrulebda. Temur CxeiZem, robert
sturuasgan gansxvavebiT, am rolze imgvari faqturis
msaxiobi aiyvana, romelic fizikuri monacemebiT uxeSi
Zalis gansaxiereba ki ar iqneboda, aramed uflebamosili
araraobis, rogorc mas Teatrmcodne naTela uruSaZe
uwodebs.1 saintereso saxe iyo speqtaklSi Temur
kilaZis jon heili. swored is iqca Temur CxeiZis
warmodgenaSi reJisoris koncefciis gamomxatvel ZiriTad
mxatvrul saxed. speqtakli mTavrdeba avanscenaze
marto, mayurebelTan pirispir mdgomi, rwmenaSeryeuli
axalgazrda heilis ukiduresad mRelvare sityvebiT,
romlebsac xmamaRali musika axSobs. marTlac, vin unda
gaigonos is,rac am sasowarkveTili axalgazrdis sulidan
moedineba, roca irgvliv aravinaa, garda scenis siRrmeSi
moxatuli carieli saxlebisa! uflebamosilTa araraoba
da rwmenaSeryeuli axalgazrdoba ai, rogor ikiTxeba
am speqtaklSi T. CxeiZis satkivari.2
amrigad, meoce saukunis dasasrulis saqarTvelos
yvelaze mtkivneuli problemebi qarTul scenaze
kvlav artur mileris piesis dadgmiT warmoisaxa.
marjaniSvilis Teatris seilemis procesi Temur
CxeiZis moqalaqeobrivi poziciis gamoxatvad iqca.
calke Seswavlis Temaa seilemis procesis dadgmebi
1
naTela uruSaZe. `rad mivdivar TeatrSi~, gaz. `literaturuli
saqarTvelo, 1994, 29. 12.
2
iqve;
44
saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis Teatrisa

da kinos universitetSi. amTaviTve unda iTqvas, rom
dramis fakultetis pedagogebi yovelTvis cdiloben,
sadi plomo speqtaklebisTvis imgvari piesebi SearCion,
romlebic yvelaze kargad warmoaCenen samsaxiobo jgufis
swavlebis Sedegs. sainstituto speqtaklebis amocanaa,
maqsimalurad kargad warmoCndes, Tu rogor iswavles
momavalma msaxiobebma msaxiobis ostatoba, metyveleba,
sasceno moZraoba, grimis xelovneba... artur mileris
piesis arCeva am miznis misaRwevad saukeTeso gza aRmoCnda
piesaSi xom araCveulebrivad saintereso personaJebis
saxeebia Seqmnili, romelTa ganxorcielebisas students
maRalmxatvruli masala aqvs da rolis ganviTarebis
diagrama dramaturgiulad srulyofilad viTardeba.
profesor gizo Jordanias arCevani mis samsaxiobo-
sareJisoro eqsperimentul jgufTan swored am viTarebam
ganapiroba. speqtakli mxatvrulad gaaformes elene
doncovam da giorgi gegeWkorma. metyvelebis pedagogi
leila kapanaZe iyo, grims giorgi sarCimeliZe aswavlida.
speqtakli mihyavdaT momaval reJisorebs _ Tamar
falavandiSvils da levan svanaZes. elisabed proqtoris
rolis Semsrulebeli nino koberiZe (msaxiobi am rols
mogvianebiT Temur CxeiZis dadgmaSic TamaSobda) pirad
saubarSi igonebda, rom jgufi SeSinda kidec, rodesac
gizo Jordaniam winasadi plomo speqtaklad artur
mileris piesis dadgma SesTavaza. reJisoris pozicia ki
marTebuli gaxldaT umjobesi iyo, Zlieri samsaxiobo
potenciis jgufs maRali rangis dramaturgiuli
nawarmoebis ganxorcielebiT gaekeTebina ganacxadi.
eqsperimentuli jgufi bevrs muSaobda. premiera 1980
wels Sedga griboedovis saxelobis dramatuli Teatris
mcire scenaze. unda aRiniSnos, rom am samsaxiobo
jgufis speqtaklebi seilemis procesi da samoTxis
Citi udidesi popularobiT sargeblobda imdroindel
45
Llela wifuria
Tbilisel studentTa Soris. es arc iyo gasakviri,

radganac gizo Jordanias maRalprofesiul sareJisoro
namuSevarSi axalgazrdebis marTlac saukeTesod
ganxorcielebuli rolebi SesaniSnav debiutad
gadaiqca. am samsaxiobo jgufSi araerTi varskvlavi
gaizarda. rolebis ganawileba amgvari iyo: perisi
mamuka kikaleiSvili, abigaili qeTevan gegeSiZe, jon
proqtori Teimuraz kilaZe, elisabed proqtori nino
koberiZe, heili irakli afaqiZe da a. S. sruliad
gansxvavebuli interpretaciiT iyo warmodgenili
mamuka kikaleiSvilis perisi. mileriseuli personaJi
samuel perisi, seilemis eklesiis winamZRvari, romlis
gaurkvevloba da primitiuli azrovnebac seilemis
tragediis dawyebas ganapirobebs, mamuka kikaleiSvilis
SesrulebiT iumoriT savse naxevrad komikur rolad
gadaiqca. Zalze sainteresod iyo gaazrebuli jon da
elisabed proqtorebis urTierToba. mindvris yvavils
amoiRebda ubidan Temur kilaZis jon proqtori, am patara
detaliT gamoxatavda dapatimrebuli meuRlisadmi
sinazes. nino koberiZe elisabedis faqiz fsiqologiur
portrets qmnida. gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
am studentur speqtaklSi Seqmnili rolebi axalgazrda
msaxiobebisTvis warmatebuli gzis dasawyisad iqca.
2012 wels seilemis procesis dadgma reJisorma,
profesorma sandro mrevliSvilma ganaxorciela
saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis Teatrisa
da kinos universitetis dimitri aleqsiZis saxelobis
saswavlo TeatrSi mis samsaxiobo jgufTan. saswavlo
Teatrs lali kodalaSvili xelmZRvanelobs. es,
faqtobrivad, namdvili Teatria sakmaod vrceli
repertuariT. sandro mrevliSvili dadgmis reJisoric
iyo da mxatvaric. rogorc reJisorma pirad saubarSi
aRniSna, es piesa saswavlo procesisTvis metad noyieri
masalaa. siyalbesa da simarTlis konfliqti, romelic
46
rigiT adamians ukompromiso gmirad Camoayalibebs,

dResac aqtualur problemad rCeba. makartizmisTvis
niSneuli kudianebze nadirobis problema ama Tu im
qveyanaSi periodulad wamotivtivdeba. Cveni uaxlesi
istoria, politikuri ryevebi amis TvalsaCino magaliTia.
studenturi speqtakli ansambluri warmodgena iyo da
Tavad pedagogma ar indoma misi studentebis namuSevrebSi
romelimes gamoyofa. am axalgazrdebis saxelebi jer-
jerobiT ucnobia farTo sazogadoebisaTvis da vimedovnebT,
rom es speqtakli warmatebuli gzis dasawyisi iqneba.
sandro mrevliSvili am jgufis safuZvelze axali
Teatris daarsebas gegmavs. artur mileris seilemis
procesi am Teatris repertuarSi uciloblad iqneba da,
SesaZloa, swored am warmodgeniT gaixsnas axali Teatri
TbilisSi.
reJisor giorgi margvelaSvilis SemoqmedebiTi
saxelosnos namuSevrebi saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis
saxelobis Teatrisa da kinos universitetSi yovelTvis
gamoirCeva. amJamad saswavlo process am jgufSi
giorgi margvelaSvilTan erTad uZRvebian ostatobis
pedagogi, asocirebuli profesori nino li partiani,
metyvelebis pedagogebi, asocirebuli profesori manana
berikaSvili da sofo ebraliZe, cekvis pedagogebi _
kote furcelaZe da maia li partiani, sasceno moZraobis
pedagogi SoTa sxirtlaZe... udavoa, rom es akademiuri
personali profesionali msaxiobebis aRzrdis garantia.
nino li partianis dadgmuli seilemis jadoqrebis (am
saxelwodebiT iyo warmodgenili speqtakli) premiera
2013 wlis 28 marts Sedga. amTaviTve unda iTqvas, rom
speqtakli axalgazrdebSi ukve popularobiT sargeblobs
da araerTgzis iqna warmodgenili. damdgmeli mxatvris,
qeTi nadibaiZis dekoraciaSi xis faqtura dominirebs:
grZeli merxebi da magidebi. ukana fonadac xis faqturaa
gamoyenebuli. personaJebis kostiumebi amerikuli
47
Llela wifuria
soflis mcxovreblebis Cacmulobis Sesabamisia tyavis

Ceqmebi, tyavisa da naWris Jiletebi, sasuliero pirebis
sutanebi, gogonebis winsafrebi grZel qveda boloebze...
speqtaklSi gamoyenebulia popularuli kompozitoris,
miSa mdinaraZis kompoziciebi. warmodgena gogonebis
cekviT iwyeba. es ritualuri cekvaa da imavdroulad
speqtaklis efeqturi Sesavali. maRali tempo-ritmiT
dawyebuli warmodgena aseve grZeldeba studentebis
swavlebis Sedegi mwyobri kompoziciebiT Seqmnil
mizanscenebSi TamaSdeba. da mainc, upirvelesi Rirseba am
speqtaklisa axalgazrda msaxiobebis Seqmnili rolebia.
Znelia maT Soris vinmes gamoyofa, da mainc aRvniSnavdi
jon proqtorisa (laSa juxraSvili) da abigail
uiliamsis (mariam sujaSvili) Seqmnil saxeebs. epizodi,
rodesac abigaili faqtobrivad xelmeored cdilobs jon
proqtoris Secdenas, personaJebis vnebaTa dapirispirebis
asparezad iqceva. momxibvleli gogonas cdunebas
proqtoris agresia upirispirdeba amgvarad cdilobs
igi codvisa da siyalbisgan Tavis dacvas. seilemis
jadoqrebi saswavlo Teatris saukeTeso speqtaklia,
sadac pedagogebisa da studentebis TanaSemoqmedeba
samomavlod profesiuli Camoyalibebisken warmarTavs
axalgazrdebis Semoqmedebas.
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom artur
mileris mkacri gansacdeli, sxvadasxva saxelwodebiT
warmodgenili qarTul scenebze, TiTqmis naxevari
saukunea mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs qarTul saTeatro
cxovrebaSi. robert sturuas dadgmuli seilemis
procesi reJisoris politikuri Teatris Camoyalibebis
dasawyisad iqca. Temur CxeiZis uaRresad aqtualurma
speqtaklma gasuli saukunis dasasruls sazogadoebis
gamofxizlebis, dafiqrebis misia Seasrula. mileris
piesis personaJebi qarTveli msaxiobebis SesrulebiT
SesaniSnav mxatvrul saxeebad gardaiqmna. 80-iani wlebidan
48
moyolebuli, artur mileris am piesis personaJebis

mixedviT Seqmnili rolebi axalgazrda qarTveli
msaxiobebis warmatebul debiutebad iqca. mileris es
piesa TiTqmis yvela maRali rangis qarTvelma reJisorma
dadga. meoce saukuneSi seilemis tragediis msxverplT
memoriali gauxsnes, sadac qvebze TiToeuli daRupulis
saxelia ukvdavyofili. samwuxarod, seilemis problemebi
sazogadoebaSi mainc permanentulad iCens Tavs. artur
mileris piesa da misi dadgmebi mTel msoflioSi
seilemis msxverplTa ukvdavyofac aris da kacobriobis
gafrTxilebac samomavlod. Cvens saTeatro procesebSic
mileris dramaturgiis dadgmis roli asec moiazreba.
da rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, qarTulma speqtaklebma
artur mileris saukeTeso interpretaciebs Soris
daimkvidra adgili.
49
50
kinomcodneoba
51
52
TamTa TurmaniZe
almodovari da momxmarebelTa
sazogadoebis fetiSebi
TiTqmis 40-wliani diqtaturis Semdeg espaneTSi

ganviTarebul politikur, socialur Tu kulturul
procesebs erTi terminiT axasiaTeben _ Movida,
rac qarTulad moZraobas niSnavs. marTlac, 1975
wlidan, diqtator frankos sikvdilis Semdeg, rodesac
TiTqmis yvela SezRudva da akrZalva gauqmda, TiTqos
istoriuli ganviTarebis manamde SekumSuli zambara
gaimarTa, yvelaferi amoZravda da drois aTvla axali,
daCqarebuli siswrafiT daiwyo. Movida-s suliskveTebas
erT-erTi misi Tanamedrove ase aRwers: `mTavaria, ar
gaCerde! Torem im bneli wlebis mogonebebi wamogeweva.
gamoiqce baridan iq misvlis pirvelive wuTebis Semdeg,
mere vernisaJidan modebis Cvenebaze gaqande, Tan am
rbolisas rok-koncertis ramdenime noti daiWiro, kvlav
taqsSi Caxte da ukve sadRac, sxvagan gaemarTo. rogorc
romelime qali almodovaris ukanaskneli filmidan~.1 am
frazidan ukve Cans, Tu vin gaxda am moZraobis mTavari
flagmani da vis SemoqmedebaSi aisaxa misi suliskveTeba
yvelaze mZafrad.
wlebis ganmavlobaSi espanelebs arwmunebdnen, rom
swored maT akisriaT, am cvalebad samyaroSi, maradiuli
faseulobebis: ojaxis, rwmenis, tradiciebisa da Rirsebis
gadarCenis diadi misia. magram diqtaturis dasrulebis
Semdeg, liberizaciisa da demokratizaciis politikasTan
erTad sazRvargareTidan Semosulma masobrivma kulturam
da seqsualurma revoluciam namdvili gardatexa moaxdina
eris SegnebaSi.
swored am dros gamoCnda asparezze Tanamedroveobis
1
http://seance.ru/n/10/almodovar-portait/nad-vsey-ispaniey-anilinovoe-nebo/
53
TamTa TurmaniZe
albaT erT-erTi yvelaze TviTmyofadi reJisori pedro

almodovari. Tavisi uCveulo kinematografiT axalgazrda
almodovari metismetad feradovani, feTqebadi,
daudgromeli, sasacilo da zogjer uxamsic ki iyo. udieri
damokidebulebiT mravali espanelisaTvis xelSeuxebeli
ojaxisa da religiis Temebisadmi, tabuirebuli
seqsualobis sakmaod groteskuli warmosaxviTa da
ferTa namdvilad aranormaluri, Tvalebisamatkivebeli
siWreliT, is TiTqos silas awnida momxmarebelTa epoqis
mowesrigebul da gawonasworebul sazogadoebas, Tumca
mogvianebiT imave sazogadoebam amisaTvis madlobac ki
gadauxada da lamis cocxal klasikosad Seracxa.
Aalmodovaris SemoqmedebiT Tavisuflebaze
garkveulwilad albaT im faqtmac imoqmeda, rom is,
praqtikulad, TviTnaswavli reJisoria. mSobliuri la
manCidan madridSi misi Camosvlis droisTvis frankos
brZanebiT kinoskola daxuruli iyo da almodovars
pirdapir praqtikaze mouwia montaJisa da reJisuris
xelovnebis swavla. Tavis maswavleblebad bunuelis
meqsikur periods, hiCkoks da bili uailders
asaxelebs: ùailderma maCuqa Savi iumorisa da dramis
nazavi, is saucxoo nazavi, romelic kurnavs sulieri
sentimentalurobisagan da romelsac, samwuxarod, Zalian
iSviaTad iyeneben Tanamedrove kinoSi. hiCkokma Tavis
SemoqmedebaSi gaaerTiana daxvewili ostatoba, maRali
xarisxis iumori da idumalebis momnusxveli suliskveTeba.
me da bunueli ki erT kulturas mivekuTvnebiT. is Cemi
maswavlebelia~.1
sakuTar maswavleblad reJisori agreTve madrids
miiCnevs. sadReRamiso cxovrebiT mcxovrebi xmauriani
megapolisi, _ ojaxis, axloblebis, kavSirebisa da fulis
gareSe dedaqalaqis dasapyrobad Casuli axalgazrda
provincielisaTvis, romelsac erTaderTi mizani
1
www.videodrome.ru/stuff/3980-455.shtml
54
almodovari da momxmarebelTa sazogadoebis fetiSebi
amoZravebda _ cxovreba da kinos `keTeba~ eswavla,namdvil

muzad iqca. `me miviRe is iseve, rogorc avadmyofobas
iReben. miveCvie realobas, rom madridi mxolod garToba
da fufuneba ar aris da es monetis marto erTi mxarea,rom
did qalaqebs aqvT gareubnebi da nagavsayrelebi, xmauri
da siRaribe, magram, amasTanave, swored am naklovanebebSia
maTi sidiade. SeiZleba iTqvas, gavizarde, ganvviTardi,
gamovibrZmede da gavmdidrdi madridSi,qalaqis ritmisa da
guliscemis paralelurad. Cemi cxovreba da Cemi filmebi
dakavSirebuli, gadajaWvulia madridTan~.1 dedaqalaqis
macxovrebeli ubralo adamianebi, momxmarebelTa epoqis
Camoyalibebis dasawyisis saSualo klasis espanelebi,
Tavisi patara sisusteebiTa da midrekilebebiT,
sixarulebiTa da problemebiT, almodovaris STagonebis
wyaro gaxda.
misi filmebi yvela arsebuli da ararsebuli
mimdinareobis nazavia, risTvisac mas `kinopankic~2 ki
uwodes. mis namuSevrebs espanuri kulturisaTvis ukve
qrestomaTiulad qceuli erovnuli Tavisebureba _
Savi iumori, ironia da TviTironia gamoarCevs. reJisori
dascinis adamianur sisusteebsa da TvalTmaqcobebs,
masobrivi kulturis nawilad qceul religias da
religiad qceul televizias.
masobrivi kulturis fetiSebiT Sepyrobil
momxmarebelTa epoqis sazogadoebisTvis,romlis gemovneba
da faseulobebi satelevizio reklamebSi warmodgenili,
mudmivgaxamebuli TeTreulisa da mudmivad gaRimebuli
adamianebiT dasaxlebuli, ararsebuli idealuri samyaros
gavleniT yalibdeba, moraluri muxruWebi mniSvnelobas
kargaven, radgan mTavari _ gayidvebis raodenobis zrda
xdeba. swored satelevizio reklamaa reJisoris dacinvis
1
www.clubcultura.com/clubcine/clubcineastas/almodovar/eng/engnoticias.
htm
2
. ?, . , -
, , ., . 136.
55
TamTa TurmaniZe
yvelaze mkveTri da mudmivi obieqti. almodovaris

filmSi qalebi nerviuli krizis zRvarze~ (1988)
karmen maura asaxierebs msaxiob qals, visi yvelaze
`warmatebuli~ roli sarecxi fxvnilis satelevizio
reklamaSi Sesrulebuli mkvlelis dedaa, romelic
saswaulmoqmedi fxvnilis saSualebiT ukvalod aqrobs
sisxlis laqebs sakuTari Svilis perangidan da mas
policielTa devnisgan gadaarCens. aranakleb groteskulia
imave filmSi prezervativis reklama, romelsac mRvdeli
pirdapir jvrisweraze gadascems patarZals. reJisori
am sareklamo rgolebs kolaJurad, moulodnelad rTavs
xolme filmis struqturaSi. onavari bavSvis msgavsad, _
aRizianebs, eTamaSeba, TiTqos maxes ugebs mayurebels, rom
mere misi gaocebuli saxis gamometyvelebaze gaicinos.
Tanamedrove sazogadoebas televizia hkarnaxobs _
rogor icxovros, raze ifiqros da iocnebos, ra aris
cudi da ra _ kargi, risken unda iswrafodes da ras
ufrTxodes. is ukve didi xania Caenacvla namdvil
cxovrebasa da gancdebs, sinamdvile popkulturis mier
damkvidrebulma stereoti pebma Secvales. amitomac
umowyalo,daundobeli ironiulobiT asaxavs almodovari
am axali droebis bomons da Tavis filmebSi dascinis
TiToeuli CvenganisTvis yoveldRiurobad qceul Toq-
Souebs, sadac adamianebis namdvili grZnobebi da gancdebi,
tkivilebi da sixarulebi mxolod reitingis amaRlebis
iaraRad qceula da gansakuTrebulad cremlebi an
pirdapir eTerSi Cxubi fasobs. asea almodovaris 2002
wels gadaRebul filmSi èsaubre mas~, sadac mTavari
gmiri qalisTvis, toreador lidiasTvis, misi sayvarelTan
ganSorebis Sesaxeb detalebis dasatyueblad,Sous wamyvani
kabis kalTaze Camoekideba mas da aseT mdgomareobaSi
studiis kulisebamde sdevs. asevea 2006 wels gadaRebul
filmSi `dabruneba~, sadac kiboTi daavadebuli personaJi,
saxelad agustina, mkurnalobisTvis saWiro fulis Sovnis
56
mizniT,Tavisi cxovrebiseuli dramis sarfianad `miyidvas~

cdilobs televiziisTvis. magram reJisorisTvis
autaneli, yalbi telesamyaros yvela mankierebis saxieri
xorcSesxma misi filmis _ `kikas~ (1993) erT-erTi gmiri
andreaa. mas televiziiT sakuTari gadacema _ `yvelaze
saSineli dRe~ mihyavs da yovel saRamos teleekranidan
didi dramatulobiTa da aSkara siamovnebiT uyveba
mayurebels momxdari mkvlelobebis, TviTmkvlelobebis,
sisxlis aRrevebisa Tu gaupatiurebebis Sesaxeb. andreas,
reJisoris sayvarel ferebSi gadawyvetili, samosi TiTqos
agresiuli genderulobis afeTqebis nimuSia, romelsac
Sav fonze Semxmari sisxlis laqebiviT dayveba wiTeli
arSiebi. leSze monadire svavis mizandasaxulobiT daeZebs
sakbilos, nebismieri ubeduri SemTxveva misTvis mxolod
sensaciuri siuJetis Seqmnis saSualebaa. andrea albaT
erTaderTi qali personaJia almodovaris filmografiaSi,
romelic reJisoris TanagrZnobas ar iwvevs. is,
televiziis mier damkvidrebuli da deklarirebuli,
momxmarebelTa epoqis obivatelTa cru faseulobebis,
mZafri SegrZnebebisa da Zaladobisaken miswrafebis
saxea, romlisTvisac Cveulebrivi adamianuri grZnobebi
mxolod reportaJisaTvis xelisSemSleli faqtorebia.
Tavad almodovari ki yovelTvis uaryofda Zaladobas,
mis nebismier gamoxatulebaSi: `mZuls Zaladoba.
gulisamrevia, rodesac vinme cdilobs isargeblos Zalis,
asakis, mdgomareobis an Tundac gonebis upiratesobiT~.1
miuxedavad mTeli Tavisi araordinalurobisa,
almodovari espanuri kulturis WeSmariti
warmomadgenelia da mis SemoqmedebaSi aranaklebi
mniSvneloba masobrivi kulturis nawilad qceuli
religiis cru msaxurebis groteskul warmoCenas eniWeba.
pedro almodovarma, iseve rogorc misma maswavlebelma~
diadma espanelma RvTismgmobelma da skandalistma~
1
http://videodrome.ru/stuff/3980-455.shtml
57
TamTa TurmaniZe
luis bunuelma, RvTis rwmena pataraobidanve iezuitTa

kolejSi swavlisas dakarga. diqtaturis dros
savaldebulo saeklesio swavlebis realuri saxe
mogvianebiT reJisorma Tavis yvelaze polemikur filmSi
cudi aRzrda~ (2004) warmoaCina. eklesia, romelic
saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi eris gamaerTianebeli ideis
funqcias asrulebda, diqtaturis periodSi, jarsa
da aristokratiasTan erTad, reJimis erT-erT mTavar
sayrdenad iqca. gansakuTrebulad groteskulia eklesiis
warmoCenis mxriv almodovaris filmi `bneli vnebani~
(1983). reJisori xSirad aRniSnavda, rom yvelgan, sadac
kiCis Cveneba surda, eklesias mimarTavda.1 magram is,
rac xdeba am filmSi, codvebis gamosasyidi ordenis
dedaTa monasterSi, yvelaze gabedul fantaziaSic ki
warmoudgenelia. monastris winamZRoli dedao mocaleobis
Jams heroins etaneba, morCilebs arcTu dedaSviluri
siyvaruliT uTvalTvalebs, misi samuSao oTaxis kedlebi
ki wmindanebis gamosaxulebebis paralelurad kinodivebis
_ merilin monros, requel uelCis, liz teilorisa
Tu sxvebis posterebiTaa morTuli; Semowirulobebis
Sesagroveblad tortebis gayidvisas erT-erTi monazoni
maT rogorc qristes xorcisa da sisxlisgan gamomcxvar
saswaulmoqmed namcxvrebs warmoaCens; RvTismsaxurebidan
Tavisufal dros mamao film `Cem mSvenier lediSi~ odri
hepbernis Cacmulobis detalebs ganixilavs; ukiduresi
sasowarkveTilebis Jams ki `qristes sasZloebi~ oxvriT
acxadeben, rom mxolod RvTis imedadRa unda darCnen.
moCvenebiTi morCilebisa da farisevlobis samyaro, sadac
saxalxo TviTgvema sacirko balaganis nomrad qceula.
TiTqmis yvela Tavis filmSi kaTolikuri eklesiis
sakmaod ironiuli warmoCeniT almodovari Tavisi
arCeuli maswavleblis _ luis bunuelis WeSmariti
memkvidrea. marTalia, am ori reJisoris xelwera mkveTrad
1
http://esquire.ru/wil/pedro-almodovar
58
gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan, magram orive maTgani, udidesi

individualobis miuxedavad, pirvel rigSi, espanuri
kulturis warmomadgenlebi arian da swored erovnuli
wiaRidan, sinamdvilis mwvave groteskiT gadmocemis
tradiciidan iRebs saTaves maTi kinematografi. Tavad
don pedroc xom am stilis fuZemdeblis samSoblodan
la manCidan aris warmoSobiT. almodovari didi
siamovnebiT TamaSobs arsebuli realobis iluzorulobiT
da daundoblad dascinis momxmarebelTa epoqis
sazogadoebis yofis, moCvenebiTi keTildReobisa da
simSvidis gamomxatvel fetiSebs.
gamoyenebuli literatura
. ?, .
, , , . ,
,1996.
http://seance.ru/n/10/almodovar-portait/nad-vsey-ispaniey-
anilinovoe-nebo/
www.videodrome.ru/stuff/3980-455.shtml
www.clubcultura.com/clubcine/clubcineastas/almodovar/eng/
engnoticias.htm
http://esquire.ru/wil/pedro-almodovar
59
lela oCiauri
kulturfilmi `buba~ =
saqarTvelos istorias + qarTuli kinos
istoria + pirovnebis bedi sabWoTa
epoqaSi
qarTul kinomcodneobiT teqstebSi arsebobs

damkvidrebuli gansazRvrebebi _ qarTuli... `kinos
gariJraJze~, `kinos pionerebi~, `kinos novatorebi~...
saqarTveloSi aseve uyvarT xazgasma, rom _ raRac,
Tu viRac _ `pirvelia~, raRac `pirvelad xdeba~, viRacam
raRac `pirvelad gaakeTa~...
mec mivbaZav sxvebs da gamoviyeneb imas, rac
saqarTveloSi uyvarT da damkvidrebulia, radgan filmi,
romelzec saubars vapireb _ àxali saqarTvelos
gariJraJs~, axali (gamanadgurebeli) saxelmwifos Senebis,
saqarTveloSi axali cxovrebis wesis damkvidrebisa da
qarTuli (sabWoTa) kinematografis Camoyalibebis pirvel
wlebs ukavSirdeba. e. i., am mxriv, erT-erTi pirvelia.
misi Semqmneli ki _ nuca (nino) RoRoberiZe
(xuciSvili) _ pirveli qarTveli kinoreJisori qalia,
qali-kinoreJisoris gadaRebuli pirveli sabWoTa (cxadia,
qarTulic) mxatvruli filmis avtoric.
da es werilic nuca RoRoberiZesa da mis dokumentur,
`kulturfilmze~1 `buba~ erT-erTi pirvelia [`bubas~
1
àTian wlebSi germaniaSi gaCnda axali kinoJanri, romelic
dokumenturi kinos nairsaxeobas warmoadgenda da romelsac germaniis
garda, yvelgan, sadac am Janris filmebs iRebdnen, kulturfilmi
erqva (Culturfilm). misi aRzevebis periodi nacistebis xelisuflebaSi
yofnis xanas emTxveva. Tavdapirvelad kulturfilmebis daxmarebiT
moxerxda kinos, rogorc konstruqciuli kulturuli Zalis,
legitimacia. amaSi yvelaze didi wvlili saganmanaTleblo seqtorma
Seitana, romelic cdilobda, mozardebze kinos mavnebluri zegavlena
Seesustebina da sxva ti pis kinematografi SeeTavazebina axalgazrda
mayureblisTvis, Tumca, male Janris SesaZleblobebiT politikuri
60
garSemo kvleva-analizi Catarebuli aqvs kinomcodne
eTer okujavas wignSi `daviT kakabaZe Teatrsa da
kinoSi~ da laSa baqraZes (germanisti, mkvlevari,
saqarTvelos giorgi leoniZis saxelobis saxelmwifo
muzeumis direqtori), JurnalSi `kino cxeli Sokoladi~,
gamoqveynebul statiaSi `nuca RoRoberiZe (1902-1966)
pirveli qarTveli reJisori qali~. am publikaciaSi,
faqtobrivad, yvela arsebuli dokumentia Tavmoyrili,
`dRis sinaTleze gamotanili~ (esec sayvareli gamoTqmaa
saqarTveloSi) da gaanalizebuli].
winamdebare statiis `pirvelobasac~ araerTi mizezi
Zalebic dainteresdnen. kulturfilmebis warmoebaSi nacionalistur-
militaristuli da saganmanaTleblo miznebi erTmaneTs gadaejaWva.
... 1920-iani wlebis bolos ramdenime sabWoTa reJisors mieca
germaniaSi mogzaurobisa da iqauri kinoindustriis gacnobis
saSualeba. berlinSi ramdenime weli gaatares nikolai lebedevma
da vladimir erofeevma. saganmanaTleblo da kulturuli xasiaTis
filmebidan maT ufro eTnografiuli, saeqspedicio da geografiuli
filmebi moewonaT da sabWoTa kavSirSi dabrunebis Semdeg maTi
aqtiuri propaganda daiwyes.
im droisTvis sabWoTa kavSiri kulturfilmebis warmoebiT
germanias ver Seedreboda, Tumca, iseve rogorc nacisturma, sabWoTa
reJimmac kargad gaacnobiera kulturfilmebis potenciali Tavisi
Zalauflebis gamyarebis TvalsazrisiT. socialisturi respublikebis
adgilobriv kinomrewvelobebs, maT Soris _ qarTul saxkinmrewvs,
dokumentur-qronikaluri seqciis Seqmna/gaZliereba daevala. nel-
nela mTeli kavSiris masStabiT daiwyo kulturfilmebis bumi _
ase uwodebdnen TiTqmis yvelafers, rac mxatvruli kinos sazRvrebs
scildeboda. 20-iani wlebis bolos da 30-iani wlebis dasawyisSi
axalgazrda kinoenTuziastebma saqarTvelos kinostudiis bazaze
bevri kulturfilmi Seqmnes, romlebic dRes Janris SesaniSnav
magaliTebad SeiZleba miviCnioT. aseTebia sergei fiodorCenkos visi
bralia~, siko doliZis miwis Zaxili~, aleqsandre jaliaSvilis
dilis aTi wuTi~, vaxtang SveliZis kolmeurnis higiena~, mark riJis
janmrTelobis samWedlo~, kote miqaberiZisa da vasil dolenkos
rasac dasTes, imas moimki~, nuca RoRoberiZis buba~ da mravali
sxva suraTi, romlebic mizezTa gamo, saqarTveloSi mayureblisTvis
dRes sruliad ucnobia, ufro metic ignorirebulia~. Nnino ZanZava,
`kulturfilmi: Janri da ideologia~, 24 oqtomberi, 2012, http://
mastsavlebeli.ge/?action=news&npid=560
61
lela oCiauri
aqvs da es metad mniSvnelovania, ara TavisTavad, aramed

gamomdinare im realobidan, romelic saqarTvelosa da,
uSualod, reJisoris piradi da, Sesabamisad, kinosuraTis
istoriidan (romelic ganzogadebul istoriadac
SeiZleba miviRoT _ adamianis, sazogadoebis, xelovanis,
kinematografisa Tu filmis...) gamomdinarea da pirdapiraa
masze mibmuli.
saqarTveloSi aseve uyvarT Tqma _ `cxovrebaSi
dabruneba~, `xelaxali sicocxle~, `mayureblis farTo
masebs ar (an jer ar) unaxavT~ da a. S. `buba~ dRes
am procesebsac gadis _ mayurebelTan, sazogadoebasTan,
qveynis kulturaSi,AcxovrebaSi dabrunebis gzas.1
didi xania, ukve aRarc sabWoTa kavSiria da aRarc
saxelmwifo, romelsac komunistebi 70 weli aSenebdnen,
aRarc saxalxo komisrebi da represiebi, aRarc
1
`... reJisorma sul sami filmis gadaReba moaswro: 1928 wels mixeil
kalatoziSvilTan erTad _ `maTi samefo~, 1930 wels, dokumenturi
filmi `buba~, xolo 1933 _ wels mxatvruli filmi ùJmuri~, rom-
lis scenaris SeqmnaSi nuca xuciSvili-RoRoberiZis megobrebi, didi
reJisorebi _ dovJenko da eizenSteini monawileobdnen. filmis Caba-
rebisas samxatvro-politikur sabWoze, nuca RoRoberiZem lamis wi-
naswarmetyvelurad ganacxada: `Tqven Cvengan agitfilms moiTxovT...
CvenTan iseTi mdgomareobaa, rom vimyofebiT gzisgasayarze, saidanac
yvela mimarTuleba sasikvdiloa~. es sityvebi 30-iani wlebis sab-
WoTa epoqis zusti Sefasebaa. Zalian male, misi cxovreba marTlac
jojoxeTad iqca _ devna, gadasaxleba, cixe da... dabruneba. mogvianebiT,
tkivilnarevi RimiliT ityvis: àrqi pelagi gulagi~ _ es Cemi qveyanaa,
me iq aTi weli vicxovre~!. dagvianebiT, magram sabednierod, mainc vi-
xileT pirveli qarTveli reJisori-qalis dokumenturi filmi, rom-
lis xarisxi, ganvlil wlebTan erTad, kidev ufro dasafasebelia.
bedis ironiiT, nuca xuciSvili-RoRoberiZis erTaderTi da CvenTvis
ucnobi mxatvruli filmi ùJmuri~, romelic aseve `gosfilmofond-
Si~ aRadgines, jer kidev miuwvdomelia... arada, aTiode wlis win
aRdgenili firis originalis yidva sul raRac 10 aTas dolarad
SeiZleboda~. daviT buxrikiZe, `sabWoTa jojoxeTidan bednierebis
matareblamde~, `cxeli Sokoladis~ qarTuli filmebis krebuli~. 24
Tebervali, 2012
62
kulturfilmi `buba~ = saqarTvelos istorias +
qarTuli kinos istoria + pirovnebis bedi sabWoTa epoqaSi
`gulagebi~ da aRarc mgznebare idealisti _ jalaTi-

bolSevikebi arian; aRarc sabWoTa ideologiaa da aRarc
samTavrobo dadgenileba _ dekreteb-yriloba-direqtivebi
moqmedebs. akrZalvebi didi xania moixsna; Taroebidan,
rac CamosaRebi iyo, CamoiRes da yvela skivri gaiRo,
SigTavsis gamosamzeureblad, ukve 20-ze meti welia
da damaluli TiTqos aRaraferi darCa, magram pirveli
qarTveli qali-kinoreJisoris filmi TiTqmis dRemde
èloda~ cxovrebaSi _ Sin _ dabrunebas _ gadaRebidan
80 wlis Semdeg.
filmi laSa baqraZem kinostudiaSi saarqivo masalebze
muSaobisas SemTxveviT aRmoaCina. misi varaudiT, `buba~
XX saukunis 80-ian wlebSi (savaraudod, miwuruls,
rodesac aseTi raRacebi SesaZlebeli gaxda) moskovis
`gosfilmofondidanaa~ (sadac uklebliv yvela filmi
inaxeba, gansakuTrebiT ssrk-Si Seqmnili) gamowerili.
Tumca, drosa da samSobloSi `dabrunebis~ miuxedavad,
filmi sul erTxel Tu orjeraa datrialebuli (isic,
savaraudod, uviwroves wreSi), Semdeg isev, ramdenimewlian
daviwyebas micemuli (albaT saqarTveloSi 90-ian
wlebSi arsebuli viTarebidan gamomdinare) da rom ara
laSa baqraZe, vin icis, ganwiruli iqneboda kidev ramdeni
wliT (an samudamod) warsulSi dasarCenad. sabolood
dasaviwyeblad.
manamde, filmis sxva asli, calkeuli fragmentebis
garda (daculia saqarTvelos erovnul arqivSi),
saqarTveloSi arsad arsebobda. dokumenturi, saarqivo
beWduri, foto masalac `bubasa~ da misi reJisoris
Sesaxeb Zalian mwiria.
ratom xvda wilad aseTi bedi `bubas~ da ratom
aRmoCnda is, xelovnebis sxva araerTi nawarmoebis
msgavsad da raRac TvalsazrisiT, raRacaze ufro metadac,
Serisxuli sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier?! ratom moxda,
rom filmi, romelic sabWoTa ideologiis, cenzuris,
63
lela oCiauri
skp(b)-s dadgenilebebisa da kinoxelovnebisTvis wayenebuli

moTxovnilebebis Sesrulebisa da Tavis droze aRiarebis
miuxedavad, bolos TiTqmis dakarguli iyo fizikuradac
da qarTuli kinematografis istoriidanac?!
imitom, rom nuca RoRoberiZe represirebuli iyo,
10 weli gadasaxlebaSi gaatara. bunebrivia, `xalxisa
da samSoblos mtris~ Semoqmedebas, miT umetes, iseT
sferoSi, rogoric kinematografia (komunistebis xedviT
_ yvelaze masobrivi da agitaciis saukeTeso saSualeba)
informacias mis Sesaxeb, TviT saxelsac gansakuTrebuli
sisastikiT mospobdnen da gaanadgurebdnen. asec moxda.
Semdeg ki, rodesac represiebma gadaiara, TiTqmis yvelam
miiviwya pirveli qarTveli kinoreJisori qali da manac
`daiviwya~ sakuTari Tavi. daiviwya `Zveli~ cxovreba da
profesia, rodesac gadasaxlebidan Sin dabrunda da kvlav,
albaT ukve mesamed, axali cxovreba daiwyo, romelic,
samwuxarod, didxans ar gagrZelebula. igi 62 wlisa
gardaicvala.
nuca RoRoberiZe reJisori 25 wlis asakSi gaxda.
sxvaTa Soris, erTaderTi qali reJisori (maSin da ara
mxolod pirveli) da rogorc laSa baqraZem gamoikvlia,
`saxkinmrewvis~ erTaderTi qali TanamSromeli.
reJisoroba dokumenturi kinoTi daiwyo da pirveli
filmi, romelzec mixeil kalatoziSvilTan erTad imuSava,
1928 wels, `maTi samefo~ iyo, romelSic kalatoziSvilis
sareJisoro azrovnebaa ukve gamokveTili, im periodis
kinostilistikis mTavari xazebic gavlebuli
da ideologiuri moTxovnebis princi pebic ukve
fexmokidebulia.
`cnobilia, rom XX saukunis 20-30-iani wlebis
mijnaze sabWoTa kinoSi axali cxovrebis pozitiuri
sivrceebis saCveneblad kinematografistebi mimarTavdnen
asaxvis iseT xerxs, rogoricaa Zveli da axali cxovrebis
Sepirispirebuli Cveneba da amis safuZvelze cdilobdnen
64
realuri sinamdvilis axsnas. mxatvruli asaxvis es

meTodi erTnairad popularuli iyo dokumentur da
mxatvrul kinoSi. mixeil kalatoziSvilisa da debiutanti
reJisoris nino RoRoberiZis dokumenturi filmi `maTi
samefo~ (`18-28~), gadaRebuli 1928 wels daviT kakabaZis
mxatvrobiT, am SemoqmedebiTi tendenciis nimuSia. amis
Taobaze TviT mixeil kalatoziSvili mogvianebiT
igonebda, rom mtkvris piras man i pova firi, romelic
aRmoCnda menSevikebis dros gadaRebuli kinoqronika
(`makdonaldis Camosvla saqarTveloSi~). swored es
napovni firi daupirispires man da nino RoRoberiZem
Tanamedrove saqarTvelos yofiT sinamdviles. `maSin,
_ werda m. kalatoziSvili _ `memarcxene~ xelovanTa
JurnalSi, H2SO4 (1927) Zalian gatacebuli viyavi
obieqtis uCveulo wertilidan gadaRebiT. aparatiT
sul Tavdayira videqi, sad ar vZvrebodi, rom kadris
saintereso kompoziciisaTvis mimegno~.1
amboben, rom nuca RoRoberiZe `win ver aRudga~
iseTi didi reJisoris xelovnebis Tavbrudamxvev Zalas,
rogoric `jim SvanTes~ avtors gaaCnda da aSkarad ganicada
mixeil kalatoziSvilis gavlena damoukidebel film
`bubaze~ (gadaRebulia 1930 wels, nuca RoRoberiZisve
scenariT, mxatvaria daviT kakabaZe, operatori _ sergo
zabozlaevi, monawileoben _ quTaisis Teatris msaxiobi
petre WiWinaZe da raWis sofel Rebis mcxovreblebi)
muSaobisas. aseTi ram sruliad bunebrivi da gasagebi iyo,
radgan kinoena mxolod maSin yalibdeboda da reJisorebi
am kinoenis Ziebebis, eqsperimentebis, saxeebis _ sxvadasxva
xarisxiTa da formiT _ arsebul gamocdilebas aSkarad
organulad iyenebdnen. (`bubas~ Temac axloa `jim
SvanTesTan~, romelSic ambavi svaneTSi viTardeba da
analogiur istorias moicavs).
1
eTer okujava, `daviT kakabaZe Teatrsa da kinoSi~, gv. 127,
saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministro, kulturuli
memkvidreobis dacvis 2008 wlis programa, Tbilisi, 2008.
65
lela oCiauri
ùdavoa, rom mTis Temam didi STabeWdileba moaxdina

TanamedroveTa Semoqmedebaze. magaliTad,nino RoRoberiZem
gadawyvita Seeqmna kidev erTi axali filmi mTielTa
Sesaxeb, amas gvamcnobs Jurnali `droSa~ (1930, #2).
SesaZloa, swored `jim SvanTes~ gavleniT miiwvia man
daviT kakabaZe filmis mxatvrad. rogorc Cans, am filmsa
da `jim SvanTeze~ muSaoba TiTqmis paralelurad
mimdinareobda.
rogorc filmis Sesaxeb SemorCenili masalebidan
Cans, n. RoRoberiZis dokumenturi filmi mxatvruli
filmisaTvis damaxasiaTebel siuJetur monacemsac
moicavda. igi mayurebels mouTxrobda samaCablos da
zemo raWis soflebis yofa-cxovrebaze. Canafiqri,
romelic egzotikis miRma, ugzoobas da sxva gaWirvebas
amxelda, gadmocemuli iyo sadadgmo elementebiT. kerZod,
filmSi mTxroblis funqcias warmarTavda moqmedi
piri _ turisti, romelic aRtacebuli iyo bunebiT,
raWis myinvarebiT, ucxo peizaJebiT. aq sainteresoa
aRiniSnos erTi ram, kerZod: revoluciidan cameti wlis
Semdeg sabWoTa xelisuflebis xotbis kvaldakval
gaJRerda mniSvnelovani saTqmeli adamianis fizikuri
Tu socialuri yofis autaneli pirobebis Sesaxeb.
konkretulad `bubas~ magaliTze n. RoRoberiZis mizani
iyo, rom mayureblisaTvis eCvenebina garegnuli silamazis
miRma arsebuli cxovrebis mtkivneuli simarTle da
amisaTvis iyenebda turistis mogzaurobas, romelsac
upirispirdeba sinamdvile: ùgzooba, miwaTmoqmedebisaTvis
autaneli geografiuli klimaturi pirobebi, qalebis
da bavSvebis mZime samuSaoebi, romelnic asrulebdnen
Sinaursa da mindvris samuSaos. mTavari kinogadaRebebi
warmoebda sofel RebSi, 2100 metris simaRleze. amJamad
suraTi ukve damTavrebulia da uaxloes droSi iqneba
gamoSvebuli Tbilisis kinoekranze~, _ vkiTxulobT
66
filmisadmi miZRvnil publikaciaSi~.1

`buba~ 5-nawiliani dokumentur-sadadgmo filmia,
romelSic Txroba Taviseburi formiTaa ganviTarebuli
_ raWis bunebiTa da realobiT turisti tkbeba,
romelic aqeT-iqiT midi-modis, mTis wyaros wyliT
bunebis sadRegrZelos svams da mosaxleobis cxovrebas
ecnoba. misi `STabeWdilebebi~ saagitacio elferis
titrebis monacvleobiTaa `gaxmovanebuli~, romlebsac
sadRac miCqmaluli ironia dahkravT da amave dros,
politkoreqtulia, radgan mTavar saTqmels atareben.
filmis mxatvarma daviT kakabaZem, iseve, rogorc `jim
SvanTes~ SemTxvevaSi, mniSvnelovnad gansazRvra `bubas~
plastikur-mxatvruli saxis gadawyveta. aqac, reJisori,
mxatvarsa da operatorTan erTad, iyenebs montaJur-
poeturi kinos princi pebs (romelic imdroindel
qarTul Tu evropul-amerikul kinoSi axali aRmoCenili
da damkvidrebuli iyo), mniSvnelovan aqcents akeTebs
filmis plastikur gadawyvetaze. rakursebi, xedebis da
gadaRebis wertilebis, montaJuri wyobis monacvleoba,
specifikuri ganaTeba, ambis Txrobis manera, portretebi _
ti paJebi, eTnografiuli etiudebi, wafenebi, diagonaluri
kadrebi _ erTi sityviT, aq yvela mxatvruli elementia,
romlebic kinematografiuli struqturis Sesaqmnelad
`gamoiyeneba~.
buba raWis erT-erTi umaRlesi da Tovliani
mwvervalia. aqedan filmis saxelwodebac da bunebis
si pirquSis, stiqiis umarTaobisa da adamianebis bedze
bunebrivi pirobebis mZime Sedegebis metaforulobac,
bubas am yvelaferTan gaigivebac _ saTaurSi Cadebuli.
saerTod, `kulturfilmi~ _ am SemTxvevaSi, `buba~ _
sxvadasxva TvalsazrisiT SemecnebiTi, propagandistuli,
1
iqve, gv. 165 (eTer okujavas naSromi `daviT kakabaZe Teatrsa da ki-
noSi~, saidanac maqvs citatebi moxmobili, laSa baqraZis mier filmis
aRmoCenamdea dawerili da gamoqveynebuli. amitom msjelobs avtori
mxolod gadmocemebsa da publikaciebze dayrdnobiT).
67
lela oCiauri
saagitacio filmia, romelic, erTi mxriv, mayurebels

acnobs raWas, mis bunebas, samkurnalo wylebs da meore
mxriv, im mZime yofas, romelSic sofel Rebis, zogadad
raWis, zogadad mTiani regionebisa da kidev ufro
zogadad Zveli saqarTvelos mZime cxovrebas asaxavs. am,
socialurad da fizikurad rTul cxovrebas, Zvels _
axliT _ axali saqarTvelo cvlis da Tu manamde glexebi,
soflis mcxovreblebi didian-patarianad iZulebulni
iyvnen muxlCauxrelad eSromaT, bavSvebs, Cvilobis
asakidan gamovidodnen Tu ara, maSinve Sroma unda daewyoT,
dedebs SvilebisTvis ar ecalaT, radgan muSaobiT iyvnen
dakavebulni, mamebi qeds iqiT SeSis saWrelad, didi xniT
midiodnen, rom sarCo eSovaT, maTi soflis naTesebs ki
mewyeri aCanagebda, axalma saqarTvelom axali cxovreba
moutana adamianebs!!! buneba moTvinierda, aSenda hesebi,
kaSxalebi, kurortebi, sanatoriumebi, mSromelebma
komfortul pirobebSi sagzurebiT dasveneba daiwyes da
samkurnalo wylebis sma da gaWirveba daiviwyes. maTma
Svilebma ki, Sromis, WinWris krefis, xelebis dasusxvis,
dedebze ocnebisa da mamebis monatrebis nacvlad, garTobis
ufleba moi poves, mxiarulad drostarebis, cekva-TamaSisa
da sicilis ufleba _ tirilis nacvlad.
es xerxi _ Zvelisa da axlis dapirispireba, _
sabWoTa kinos pirveli aTwleulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
gamoxatvis, savaldebulo forma iyo. adamianebs unda
daenaxaT, Tu ra mSvenieri cxovreba moutana maT axalma
droebam da reJisorebs maTTvis es yvelaferi unda
eCvenebinaT.
nuca RoRoberiZe am mxrivac _ rogorc reJisori _
Tavisi epoqis msxverpli iyo da unda damorCileboda
`bedis Zalas~, romelsac Semakavebeli jebirebi ar
gaaCnda, erTaderTi gamosavlis garda _ ideur kabalas,
XX saukunis 30-iani wlebis pirvel wlebamde, mxatvruli
amocanebis,wminda kinematografiuli xerxebis,plastikuri
68
Tu SemoqmedebiTad esTetizebuli xelovnebis nimuSebiT,

xerxebiT azrovneba da dapirispireba. `buba~ swored
amgvari dapirispirebisa da SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebis
nimuSia.
P.S. nino _ nuca _ xuciSvili _ RoRoberiZe _
ingilo iyo, sofel kaxidan. 1903 wels (meore versiiT,
1902-Si) daibada, 6 wlisa (cxadia, ojaxTan, mSoblebTan,
sam Zmasa da 5 dasTan erTad) saingilodan TbilisSi
gadmosaxlda. kargi ganaTleba miiRo. gimnazia daamTavra,
iswavla rusuli, franguli, germanuli enebi. Tbilisis
universitetis filosofiis fakultetze Caabara da
Semdeg ienis (germania) universitetis studenti gaxda.
samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg kinos _ rogorc maSin
iTvleboda _ axal, progresul da aqtualur xelovnebas
_ daukavSirda da reJisori gaxda. Tumca, sul sami
(1928-1934 wlebSi) filmis (yovel SemTxvevaSi, dRemde
arsebuli informaciiTa da dokumenturad dadasturebiT)
gadaReba moaswro _ ori dokumenturis _ `maTi samefo~,
mixeil kalatoziSvilTan erTad da zemoxsenebuli `buba~
da mxatvrulis _ ùJmuri~.
im wlebSive Zmis _ raJden xuciSvilis ojaxSi gaicno
rZlis Zma levan RoRoberiZe _ axalgazrda partiuli
muSaki (romelsac sxvadasxva wlebSi sxvadasxva, maRali
saxelisuflo Tanamdeboba hqonda) da didi siyvaruliT
colad gahyva mas.
riT damTavrda siyvarulis es ambavi da ra moutana
nuca RoRoberiZes im sabediswero Sexvedram?
TiTqos `Cveulebrivi~ istoriaa, sadRac
sentimentaluric, melodramatuli surneliTa da
sevdismomgvrelic. mis miRma rogorc erTi pirovnebis,
aseve mTeli qveynis istoria da bedic TiTqos ilandeba,
am istoriis mTeli tragizmi da SemaZrwunebloba, rac
qarTuli sazogadoebis udidesma nawilma sakuTar Tavze
tanjviT gadaitana.
69
lela oCiauri
Tu cotaTi romantikulebi, cota ufro adamianuri

da aracinikurebi viqnebiT da sxva rakursSic SevxedavT
nuca RoRoberiZis Tavgadasavals, davinaxavT, rom man
axalgazrda qalma, romelsac patara bavSvi hyavda,
romelic im droisTvis qmarma miatova (romelmac
dapatimrebis Semdeg SeuTvala _ urCia, gaecxadebina,
rom mitovebuli coli iyo da levan RoRoberiZesTan
aRaraferi akavSirebda), gadawyvita, gaeziarebina adamianis
bedi, romelic, albaT, mainc (an odesRac) uyvarda. misi
mdgomareobis Tanamonawiled yofna isurva. rogorc
gvaxsovs, aseTi SemTxvevebi arsebobs istoriaSi.
SeiZleba Tavisuflad gaviziaroT lana RoRoberiZis
pozicia, rodesac igi dedis saqciels (nuca da levan
RoRoberiZeebi misi mSoblebi iyvnen) xsnis da Tu Cvenc
nuca RoRoberiZis namoqmedaris axsnis sxva kuTxesac
movZebniT, SeiZleba Sedegi kidev ufro rTuli da mZime,
ufro amaRelvebeli da ufro amaRlebulic aRmoCndes.
`cixidan mamam werili moswera dedas (misi ori
baraTi, romelic miviReT, papirosisTvis axeul qaRaldze
iyo dawerili da gasarecxad gamogzavnili tanisamosis
sarCulSi Camaluli): _ dawere, rom daSorebuli
xar CemTan da daWeras gadarCebio. lanaze ifiqre da
dawereo, _ TviTon marTlac ase dawera cixeSi Sedgenil
avtobiografiaSi. dedam es ar gaakeTa, ver gadadga nabiji,
romelic albaT, aTi wlis saSinelebas gadaarCenda,
radgan Tvlida, rom amis moraluri ufleba ar hqonda.
rom valdebuli iyo, Tavisi sindisis winaSe, mamasTan misi
sasjeli gaenawilebina. monanieba! dedisTvis es sityva
Rrma da Zalian piradi mniSvnelobiT iyo savse. mas
unda moenaniebina misi meuRlis bolSevikuri mrwamsi,
romelsac TviTon arasodes iziarebda... rogor, riTi?
albaT mxolod cixiT da gadasaxlebiT~ _ wers lana
RoRoberiZe nuca RoRoberiZis moTxrobebis krebulis
70
winaTqmaSi.1E
nuca RoRoberiZem albaT sakuTar Tavs marTla
TviTon gamoutana ganaCeni da miiRo sasjeli, romelic
ar daumsaxurebia, msxverplSewirvis aqti aRasrula
danaSaulisTvis,romelic ar Caudenia,magram romlis iribi,
sulieri Tanamonawilec (Tanamoazre) aRmoCnda, radgan
uyvarda adamiani, romlis politikur orientaciasac
ar iziarebda da romelic, rogorc sxva araerTi misi
Zveli TanamebrZoli, Semdeg Tavadve iqca Tavisianebis
msxverplad.
P.P.S. nuca RoRoberiZes Semoqmedebidan sami filmi
da eqvsi moTxroba darCa. moTxrobebis es krebuli
_ `bednierebis matarebeli~ lana RoRoberiZis,
zemoxsenebuli winaTqmiT, axlaxan (2011 wlis miwuruls)
gamosca gamomcemloba ìnteleqtma~. literaturis
muzeumSi, laSa baqraZis iniciativiT, wignis wardgineba
da `bubas~ Cveneba gaimarTa. yvelaferi es _ filmic,
moTxrobebSi aRwerili ambebi `gulagidan~, maTi avtoris
bedic da is, rac Sida istoriebs gars axvevia, Cveni qveynis
istoriaa, romelic warsulidan Tavs mudam gvaxsenebs da
Tan bevr gamafrTxilebel niSans iZleva.
1
lana RoRoberiZe,winaTqma,nuca RoRoberiZe, `bednierebis matarebeli~,
gv. 10, ìnteleqti~, 2011.
71
72
doqtorantTa
samecniero statiebi 1
1 naSromebi ibeWdeba programis xelmZRvanelebis rekomendaciiT.

statiis stili daculia
73
74
maka vasaZe,
Teatrmcodneobis mimarTulebis doqtoranti,
xelmZRvaneli _ prof. mixeil kalandariSvili

nawili III
`makbeti~
robert sturuam Seqspiris `makbeti~ rusTavelis

TeatrSi 1995 wels dadga. es iyo reJisoris mier
saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli Seqspiris mesame tragedia.
`makbetSi~ reJisori isev mimarTavs ZalauflebisaTvis
brZolis Temas, magram am SemTxvevaSi igi yuradRebas
amaxvilebs adamianze, mis gancdebze. am speqtaklSi ufro
mZafrad gamoikveTa samyaro _ adamianTa codvebiTa
Tu ubiwoebiT aRvsili. aq adamianis sulieri ngreva,
gadagvareba, sikvdili gaTanabrebulia samyaros ngrevasa
da gacamtverebasTan.
`makbetSi~ dro ar aris gansazRvruli. is, rac scenaze
xdeba, yovel drosa da epoqaSi SeiZleboda momxdariyo da
momavalSic moxdes. reJisoris am Canafiqrs scenografia
(mxatvari m. SveliZe) da kostiumebi mkveTrad usvamen
xazs. speqtakli TiTqos migdebul sardafSi an, SeiZleba,
bunkerSi TamaSdeba. scenaze mimofantuli nivTebi drois
ganusazRvrelobas usvams xazs. scenis Suaguli TiTqmis
carielia. ufro swori iqneboda meTqva, gacamtverebulia.
scenis orive mxares CaSavebuli kedlebi omis Semdgom
gadabuguli Senobebis narCenebis STabeWdilebas toveben.
adgilebSi moCans daJangebuli, gamoCrili milebi
da eleqtrosadenebi. gaugebar nagebobebze mtvriani
polieTilenis materiebia Camofarebuli. zemoT, mTeli
scenis gaswvriv celofania gadaWimuli, romelic scenaze
gaTamaSebuli movlenebis ganviTarebasTan erTad, xan
TiTqos moiqufreba, xan scenaze CamoeSveba da fardis
75
maka vasaZe
rols asrulebs da scenas orad yofs. avanscenaze

wiTeli savarZeli dgas, mis garSemo sxvadasxva nivTia
mimobneuli. marjvniv maRalzurgiani Savi savarZelia.
gverdiTa loJaze miyudebulia wmindanis fituli, wminda
weriliT xelSi. TabaSirisagan damzadebuli Tavi metalis
joxzea wamocmuli. qvabSi adamianis fitulia Cakidebuli.
qveviT, mTel sigrZeze, gafenilia tyavismagvari, WuWyiani,
TiTqos sisxliT gaJRenTili, qsovili. scenis garSemo
xmlebia CarWobili. cariel scenaze dgas mxolod Savad
SeRebili tabureti _ samefo taxtis komikuri analogi.
scenaze Seqmnilia usaxuri, erTferovani samyaro, sadac
sicocxlisTvis adgili ar arsebobs. swored am garemoSi
TamaSdeba amazrzeni, binZuri brZola ZalauflebisaTvis.
speqtaklSi yvelaferi reJisoris nebas eqvemdebareba. aq,
xazgasmulia mxolod misi xedva speqtaklSi warmoCenili
konfliqturi situaciebisa. scenografia, mizanscenebi,
Strixebi, msaxiobebis TamaSi reJisoris zust, TiTqosda
maTematikur gaTvlebs eqvemdebareba. aq, am speqtaklSi
yvelaferi TamaSobs: tani, xelebi, TiTebis plastika.
TiToeuli moZraoba, yvelaferi dakavSirebulia adamianis
sulierebasTan, mis Sinagan ganwyobasTan. `makbetSi~
robert sturuas sareJisoro ena Sors aris `yofiTi~
scenuri urTierTobebisgan, cxovrebiseuli detalebisgan.
aq, TiTqos, yvelaferi ukiduresi daZabulobis zRvarze
mimdinareobs. speqtakli ar aris gadatvirTuli efeqtebiT,
magram amave dros mayurebeli SeigrZnobs reJisoris
ulevi fantaziis nayofs.
speqtaklis dasawyisSi zaza papuaSvilis makbeti
erTgvar nagvis grovaSi Tvlems. mxolod viwro Suqis
zoli gamohyofs mas sibnelidan. igi gayuCebulia, TiTqos
elis xelsayrel moments, raTa es momenti xelidan ar
gauSvas da samefo gvirgvins daeuflos. am natvris
asaxdenad ki xelsayreli pirobebia saWiro. speqtaklSi
makbetis garSemo arsebuli qveyana ZalauflebisaTvis
76
nawili III `makbeti~
brZolis morevSia Cafluli. aq yovel avantiurists

SeuZlia ibrZolos taxtisTvis. amisaTvis igi sxvebze
odnav Wkviani, moxerxebuli, sastiki da daundobeli
unda iyos. aq, am samyaroSi, aravinaa ucodveli. piesis
personaJebisagan gansxvavebiT, speqtaklSi mefe dunkanic
(daviT papuaSvili) sisxliani tirania. danarCeni
didebulebic, qveynis mmarTvelobis saTaveSi myofni,
masaviT TvalTmaqcni arian. yvelani erTnairebi arian
da yovelis sanukvari ocneba samefo gvirgvinia. samefo
gvirgvinisaTvis brZolaSi ki xan erTi imarjvebs, xan
meore.
robert sturuas makbets samefo atributika,
simboloebi saerTod ar ainteresebs. misTvis mTavaria
Zalauflebis mopoveba, rac mas saSualebas miscems
ibatonos adamianebze. sisxlis suni aTrobs da abruebs.
piesaSi makbeti SeSfoTebulia imis gamo, rom xelebidan
sisxlis laqebs ver iSorebs, speqtaklSi ki makbeti
sisxlis sunis SegrZnebas ver iSorebs. mefe dunkanis
mkvlelobis Semdeg xSirad ynosavs Tavis xelebs.
Tavdapirvelad TiTqos gulisrevis SegrZneba eufleba,
magram Semdgom, sisxlis suni axali sisxlis daRvris
survils aRuZravs. ledi makbetic raRacnairi netarebiT
Seiynosavs xolme am sisxlis suns. magaliTad, makbetTan
alersis scenaSi igi xarbad daynosavs meuRlis xelebs
da mis saxeze Rimili gakrTeba. sisxlis suni meuRleebs
TiTqos simxneves matebs da Semdgomi qmedebebis survils
aRuZravs. amasTanave, makbets sindisis qenjnac awuxebs.
mas aRelvebs ìmqveyniuri dasjis~ sakiTxi. zaza
papuaSvilis makbetisTvis ar aris sulerTi, Tu ra
moelis mas sikvdilis Semdeg. speqtaklSi makbetisTvis
erT-erTi yvelaze sulisSemZvreli kiTxvaa: `da me sad
gameRviZeba?~ es fraza reJisoris CarTulia, rac kidev
ufro metad aRrmavebs makbetis danaSaulis da sasjelis
mniSvnelobas. erTxel Cadenili borotebis, mkvlelobis
77
maka vasaZe
Semdeg, sindisis qenjnis miuxedavad, makbeti jiutad

agrZelebs sakuTar TavSi adamianuri grZnobebis Cakvlas.
TiTqos borotebas gemo gaugoo, veRar Cerdeba, Tumca
dunkanis mkvlelobis Semdeg igi Tavad aRar isvris
sisxlSi xelebs da mkvlelebs qiraobs.
speqtaklSi zaza papuaSvilis makbeti da nino kasraZis
ledi makbeti ufro axalgazrdebi arian, vidre es piesaSia.
gaaxalgazrdavebulia maTi garemocvac. isini TiTqos
daavadebulni arian mkvlelobebis Cadenis sindromiT
da daufiqreblad xocaven erTmaneTs. maTSi Cabudebuli
sisastike uazro da auxsnelia. isini TiTqos gangebam
Seqmna mkvlelebad. amis xazgasasmelad robert sturuam
grZneuli debis saxeebi groteskul aspeqtSi gadawyvita.
sam grZneul arsebas speqtaklSi ufrosi Taobis
msaxiobebi: giorgi gegeWkori, guram saRaraZe da jemal
RaRaniZe ganasaxierebdnen. reJisoris CanafiqriT isini
idumali moCvenebebi ki ara, aramed gaurkveveli sqesis
arsebebi arian. reJisori daeyrdno piesaSive arsebul
miniSnebas _ banqo mimarTavs kudianebs: `dedakacebi unda
iyoT, magram eg wveri sxvas mowmobs~. sturuas alqajebi
ufro miwierni arian, vidre mistikurni. reJisorma da
msaxiobebma ganzrax mimarTes yofiT detalebs, raTa
alqajebi ufro cocxal, miwier arsebebad eqciaT. maTi
personaJebi speqtaklSi ufro sasaciloebi Canan, vidre
idumalni da mistikurni. `jadosnobis~ adgili didi
sardafia, romlis SuagulSi qvabi daudgamT, grZneul
naxarSs aTuxTuxeben da xtunva-xtunviT uvlian gars.
eSmakeulnic da adamianebic, reJisorisa da mxatvris
CanafiqriT, erTsa da imave garemoSi moqmedeben. es
garemo jojoxeTis asociacias iwvevs. speqtaklSi
zRvari adamianebsa da grZneulebs Soris ar arsebobs.
grZneulebi gaadamianurebulebi arian da, piriqiT,
adamianebi satanisebr arsebebad gvevlinebian. amitomac
aris, rom makbeti aranair gaucxoebas ar ganicdis maT
78
sabrZanebelSi, maTTan erTad amzadebs jadosnur naxarSs

da gemosac ki usinjavs. reJisoris interpretaciiT
makbetis beds Tavad makbeti ganagebs da ara es grZneuli
arsebebi. ritualebi, romlebsac alqajebi asruleben,
komikur xasiaTsac ki atareben. reJisoris CanafiqriT
msaxiobebi xazs usvamen im garemoebas, rom isini, swored
rom, TamaSoben grZneulebs. amitomac arian isini ufro
groteskulebi da ara idumalebiT garemoculni. makbetis
moqmedeba mxolod formalurad aris dakavSirebuli
grZneulebis winaswarmetyvelebasTan. makbeti ar
moqmedebs sxvisi karnaxiT, vinaidan Tavis bedisweras
Tavadve gansazRvravs. marTalia, igi meoredac midis
grZneulebTan, magram gulgrilad usmens maT darigebebs,
vinaidan mSvenivrad icis, Tu rogori iqneba misi Semdgomi
nabijebi.
SeqspirTan makbets gmiruli da saxelovani warsuli
aqvs. robert sturuas interpretaciiT ki z. papuaSvilis
makbetis warsulis erTgvari ugulebelyofa xdeba. igi
TiTqos warsulis gareSe xvdeba am samyaroSi, sadac
TviTon, brZoliTa da agresiiT, unda i povos Tavisi
Tavi.
`rogorc cnobilia, tragedia `makbeti~ gamsWvalulia
arsebobis orazrovnebis suliskveTebiT. gmiris vaJkacoba,
qveloba saSinel borotebaSi gadaizrdeba, riTac TviT
es qvelobaa eWvqveS dayenebuli. r. sturuas mixedviT,
yovlismomcveli qaosi stiqiurad amoraluria da
gulgrilia yvelanairi borotebisa da sikeTis mimarT. amas
ganasaxierebs swored z. papuaSvilis makbeti. tragikuli
kolizia mis SigniTaa, mis sulSia dabudebuli, anu mas
ar upirispirdeba (garkveul dromde) raime garegani
faqtori, an vinme _ antigmiri~.1
robert sturuas saTeatro enisaTvis, misi Teatraluri
1
gurabaniZe n. reJisori robert sturua. Tb. `xelovneba~. 1997. gv.
476-477.
79
maka vasaZe
esTetikisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia dramaturgiis

sapirispiro gziT siaruli. imavdroulad igi axerxebs
asaxos dramaturgiuli Canafiqri. am SemTxvevaSic robert
sturuas grZneuli qalebi formaluri mxatvruli
xerxia, metaforaa. maT gamosaxvas reJisorma Camoacila
yovelgvari tragikuli, mistikuri, idumali paTosi. aseve,
Seqspiris tragikuli gmiri makbeti speqtaklSi erTob
miwieria, aranairi sidiade da gansakuTrebuloba ar
axasiaTebs z. papuaSvilis makbets.
`robert sturuas speqtaklSi bedi makbetis winaSe
warsdgeba ara `grZneuli debis~ zRapruli saxiT,
aramed swored adamianuri, dakninebis da gadagvarebis
gansaxierebiT. da, amave dros, es marTlac rom ucnauri
arsebani (Weird Sisters) Cvens TvalSi ufro sasaciloni
Canan, vidre SiSis momgvrelni _ Tavisi suleluri
xiTxiTiTa da CifCifiT, moulodneli paTetikiT, mediduri
pozebiTa da JestebiT, aSkarad Tavis gemoze SerCeuli
xatovani ZonZebiT~.1
zaza papuaSvilis TamaSSi wina planzea wamoweuli
makbetis sulieri dakninebis procesi. movlenebis
ganviTarebasTan erTad, igi TandaTan kargavs adamianur
Rirsebebs da sul ufro naklebad mogvagonebs mamac
meomars. misi arseba iJRinTeba borotebiTa da
siZulviliT, sakuTari Tavisadmi pativiscemas enacvleba
agresiuli TviTdamkvidrebisaken ltolva. mis sulSi
gaCenil sicarieles ki SiSis grZnoba avsebs. am SiSis
grZnobis damalvas igi jambazobiT da cinizmiT cdilobs.
kudianebTan Sexvedris Semdeg makbetis yvela qvena grZnoba
gamosavals poulobs. misi erTguli Tanamzraxveli _
ledi makbeti, romelsac nino kasraZe asaxierebs robert
sturuas speqtaklSi, momxibvleli, nazi, mimzidveli
axalgazrda qalia. maT erTmaneTisadmi Zlieri ltolva
aqvT. ledi makbeti am ltolvas ostaturad iyenebs da
1
uruSaZe p. dasaxelebuli naSromi. gv. 12.
80
cdilobs qmris gaorebisa da yoymanis aRmofxvras.

speqtakli qmnis SiSis, sikvdilis, katastrofis
molodinis atmosferos. aq, am garemoSi, yvela erTmaneTs
mtrobs. scenaze damTrgunveli ganwyobilebaa gamefebuli.
daviT papuaSvilis mefe dunkanic ki daundobeli da
borotebiT aris aRvsili. misi pirveli gamoCena scenaze
gia yanCelis musikis TanxlebiT erTgvar sabrZolo
Tavdasxmas mogvagonebs. igi Tavisi amaliT SemoiWreba
scenaze. gaismis ucnauri xmebi, rkinis JRaruni, kvnesa,
oxvra, frinvelTa gamkivani xmebi, jariskacTa legionebis
nabijebis xmebi. dunkani da misi jariskacebi avanscenisken
moabijeben. keTili ambis mauwyebel, sasikvdilod daWril
jariskacs dunkani yelSi xels wauWers da awamebs.
mTeli speqtaklis ganmavlobaSi normaluri
adamianuri urTierTobebi TiTqmis ar xorcieldeba.
qmedebebSi Warbobs damcireba, Zalmomreoba, cinizmi,
mkvleloba, gaSmagebuli seqsualuri urTierTobani. ufro
metic, speqtaklSi Cveulebrivad TiTqos arc dadian: an
darbian, an Zirs dacemulni xoxaven, an erTmaneTs ebrZvian,
moWrili TavebiT burTaoben. mravlis mimniSnebelia
moRalate kavdoris mTavris sikvdilis epizodi. urikaze
moTavsebul TavmokveTil gvams Semoagoreben scenaze,
Semdeg ki saorkestro ormoSi gadauZaxeben. es epizodi
makbetisTvis bevris mimaniSnebelia. kavdoris mTavari
makbetiviT warCinebuli didebulia. makbetma misgan
ara marto adgil-mamuli, aramed TiTqos sulic miiRo.
makbeti _ z. papuaSvili, xeliT exeba mis waWril Tavs
da sisxlian xelebs daynosavs. Tavidan zizRis grZnoba
eufleba, mere ki am zizRs erTgvari netareba cvlis,
ufro Rrmad Seiynosavs sisxlis mZafr surnels. robert
sturuam am scenas sabediswero mniSvneloba mianiWa. aq
gadmotanili riCard mesames fraza _ `Cven codvilni,
mxolod saxeebs vcnobT da ara gulebs~, usazRvrod
vendobodi am didebulso, _ romelsac mefe dunkani
81
maka vasaZe
warmoTqvams, makbets unda moxvedroda gulze. es fraza

xom swored misi misamarTiT iyo naTqvami, magram makbetis
ukan daxeva SeuZlebelia, igi ukve daadga sisxlian
gzas.
speqtaklSi mkvdrebs ar asaflaveben. maT TiTqos
uzarmazar nagavsayrelze gadaisvrian xolme xolme. Tavad
mefe dunkansac qsovilSi gaxveuls moaTreven da
avanscenaze daasveneben. celofnis WuWyiani ca
kulminaciisas talRisebr moZraobas iwyebs, misi
neli rxeva avismomaswavebelia. scenaze maxvilebia
mimobneuli, amdenad, dapirispirebulebs iaraRis Zebnac
ki ar sWirdebaT. speqtaklSi erTxel moklulebi
kvlav agrZeleben sicocxles da ara marto makbetisa
da misi meuRlis `zmanebebSi~, aramed `realurad~.
isini cocxldebian piradi SurisZiebisaTvis da ara
samarTlianobis aRsadgenad. sikeTe da samarTlianoba
Sors aris am adamianebisagan. Tumca, makbetis boroteba
erTxel ukve moklulebs aiZulebs mis mowinaaRmdegeTa
banakSi yofnas. makbetis kidev ufro didi borotebis
winaaRmdeg mkvdrebi da cocxlebi erTiandebian. makbetis
mier mokluli dunkani, romlis qsovilSi gaxveuli gvami
avanscenaze miatoves, gainZreva, Tavs gamoiTavisuflebs
da ambobs, Tu ramdeni sazareli ambis momswre yofila
cxovrebis manZilze, magram aseTi saSineli Rame jer ar
maxsovso. es TiTqos sakuTari mkvlelobis mxilvelis
aRsarebaa da amave dros ukve dawyebuli `saSineli
Rameebis~ koSmaris gancdac. es `saSineli Rame~ mZime
tvirTad awevT speqtaklis gmirebs.
speqtaklSi ar aris mkveTrad gamijnuli boroteba
da sikeTe, iseve rogorc, waSlilia zRvari mkvdrebsa da
cocxlebs Soris. aq, am speqtaklSi idumal, mistikur
Zalebs didi yuradReba ar eqceva. aq mTavaria personaJebis
urTierTobebi, gauTavebeli Ralati, SeTqmulebebi,
mkvlelobebi. piesaSi mefe dunkanis mkvlelobiT yvelani
82
gaognebulebi arian, speqtaklSi ki dunkanis mkvlelobas

SeTqmulebis, saxelmwifo gadatrialebis elferi aqvs.
makbetma da misma meuRlem mokles mefe dunkani, magram
sakmarisia banqom da makdufma eWvi Seitanon makbetis
sityvebSi, rom myisierad SavebSi Cacmuli mebrZolebi
gamocvivdebian, alyaSi moaqceven da Tofebs miuSveren maT,
vinc eWvi gamoTqva. lenoqsis sityvebi ki _ `rogorc Cans,
misma mcvelebma mohkles...~ ise JRers, rom man, lenoqsma
ki icis, vinc aris namdvili mkvleli, magram igi makbetis
mxaresaa.
makbeti da ledi makbeti mefe dunkanis mkvlelobis
Semdeg erTmaneTis alersiT cdiloben aforiaqebuli
sulis damSvidebas. amazrzeni da Semzaravia maTi
erTmaneTisadmi vnebiani ltolva am sisxliT mosvril,
binZur samyaroSi.
makbetis sityvebia _ `sisxls sisxli mosdevs~
da igi iwyebs Tanamzraxvelebis mkvlelobas, tirani
mxardamWerebis mospobas iwyebs da TandaTan ufro metad
efloba sisxlSi. reJisori da msaxiobi gviCveneben
borotmoqmedad qceuli makbetis zneobriv dacemas,
sulieri samyaros rRvevas, adamianuri Rirebulebebis
gaufasurebas da aqedan gamomdinare, sulieri simSvidis
dakargvas. makbeti ledi makbetTan erTad logikurad
miemarTeba aRsasrulisaken, magram am aRsasrulamde isini
sazarel tanjvas ganicdian. es aris safasuri Zalauflebisa
da gvirgvinisaTvis brZolisa. manamde ki makbetis
mefed kurTxeva xorcieldeba. makbetis mefed kurTxeva
hendelis hangebis fonze xdeba. brWyviala gvirgvini,
hendelis musikis hangebi da is tragikuli movlenebi,
romlebic am didebis mosapoveblad ganaxorciela makbetma,
specialurad xazgasmulia speqtaklSi reJisoris mier,
raTa ufro naTlad warmoaCinos adamianuri dacemis
siRrmeebi.
takimasxara tiranis, romelic cinikurad Telavs
83
maka vasaZe
yvelas da yvelafers sakuTari miznis misaRwevad,

gverdiT dgas namdvili jambazi (d. uflisaSvili). igi
ganasaxierebs morCil, laquca qveSevrdoms, romelsac
mTlianad dakarguli aqvs adamianuri Rirseba. `makbetis~
masxara gansxvavdeba `riCard mesamis~ masxarisagan.
`riCard mesameSi~ avTo maxaraZis mier gansaxierebul
personaJs ironiuli damokidebuleba hqonda scenaze
gaTamaSebuli movlenebisadmi.
mefed kurTxevis Semdeg makbeti wveulebas marTavs.
am scenaSi igi Tavs anebebs jambazobas da manWva-grexas.
mas daqiravebuli mkvlelebis mier mokluli banqo (l.
berikaSvili) ecxadeba. im wuTebSi makbets arc stumrebi
ainteresebs da arc ledi makbeti. misTvis banqos aCrdili
ufro realuria, vidre mis garSemo arsebuli cocxali
adamianebi. aq erTmaneTs enacvleba realuri da irealuri.
stumrebi da ledi makbeti _ molandebebi arian, banqo
ki realuri, xelSesaxebi da namdvilia. es situacia
orjer meordeba, rac kidev ufro aZlierebs makbetis
sulier depresias, kriziss. es àvi seni~ tanjavs da
nel-nela anadgurebs makbets. stumrebi ki SeSinebulebi
arian da moaxloebul katastrofas an makbetis `TamaSis~
dasasruls elian. piesaSi makbetis wveuleba xalxmravali
da didebulia, speqtaklSi ki _ erTob mcirericxovania.
mowveuli stumrebi ledi makbetis miwodebuli langridan
sasmelsac ver iReben, radgan mowamvlos eSiniaT. swored
es SiSi da undoblobaa gamefebuli makbetis samyaroSi
da ara moaxloebuli katastrofis mistikuri niSnebi.
`rac Seexeba speqtaklis fantasmagoriul Sres, igi aq
Tavisebur filosofiur `zednaSenad~ aRiqmeba. swored
masSia Caqsovili is maradi, dRemde amouxsneli kiTxvebi,
romlebzedac pasuxis gacema bolomde verc Seqspiris
drom SeZlo da verc am droze ufro xnierma da
gamocdilma dRevandelobam...~.1
1
uruSaZe p. dasaxelebuli naSromi. gv. 9.
84
robert sturuas speqtaklSi, iseve rogorc

SeqspirTan, zaza papuaSvilis makbeti, upirveles yovlisa,
adamiania, yvelanairi adamianuri gancdebiT. igi, rogorc
adamiani, sCadis borotebas da am Cadenili borotebisTvis
adamianiviT isjeba. zaza papuaSvilis makbeti yoymanobs,
itanjeba, igi gadmoscems im rTul sulier mdgomareobas,
romelsac makbeti ganicdis. yvelaze sastiki ki am sulier
WidilSi sindisis qenjnaa. makbeti, erT dros mamaci
mebrZoli, moazrovne da mosiyvarule adamiani, sastik
borotmoqmedad iqca. yvelaferi es ki, swored adamianuri
ampartavnebis Sedegia. gamarjvebebma, romlebic makbetma
brZolebSi moi pova, daarwmuna, rom mas SeuZlia adamianebze
batonoba, adamianebis marTva. amitomac mzad aris ibrZolos
Zalauflebis mosapoveblad, am gzaze ki arafris winaSe ar
daixevs ukan. yvela is sikeTe, rac mas adre gaaCnda, axla
sastik da damangrevel Zalad gardaiqmneba. makbets didi
warmosaxvis da fantaziis unari aqvs. es mkafiod vlindeba
mis gamZafrebul mgrZnobelobaSi. SeuZlia dainaxos is,
rac sxvebisTvis uxilavia. swored es exmareba Tavisi
sastiki borotmoqmedebebis ganxorcielebaSi. banqosa
da makdufis ojaxis mkvlelobebi zustad gaTvlili da
dagegmili aqvs. yuradRebiT adevnebs Tvals Canafiqris
ganxorcielebas, erT epizodSi ki Tavad axorcielebs e.
w. `Sikrikis~ rols.
speqtaklSi makbeti da ledi makbeti Zalian Cqaroben.
yvelafers swrafad, impulsurad, nervulad, aRgznebulad
akeTeben. maTi qmedebebi TiTqos deformirebulic ki aris.
maTi sasiyvarulo scenebic ki TiTqos ormxrivi seqsualuri
Zaladobaa. swored siyvarulia maTi borotebis yvelaze
ufro sulisCamdgmeli da, imavdroulad, qmediTi Zala.
Tanac siyvaruli mTeli Tavisi arsiTa da gamovlinebebiT.
robert sturuam erTgan aRniSna, rom makbeti Seqspiris
`romeo da julietas~ erTgvari transformirebuli
85
maka vasaZe
gagrZelebaa. ai, raSi SeiZleboda gadazrdiliyo maTi

siyvaruli, rogorebad SeiZleba qceuliyvnen romeo
da julieta. boroteba da siyvaruli aq erTmaneTSi
gadaxlarTula. siyvaruli kvebavs borotebas da piriqiT,
boroteba raRac gansakuTrebul simwvaves aniWebs maT
siyvaruls. bedis ironia is aris, rom es siyvaruli
borotebisaTvis micemuli droiT Semoifargleba. swored
boroteba aniWebs am siyvaruls simwvaves da gznebas.
makbeti da ledi makbeti e. w. idealuri wyvilia. isini
WeSmaritad èrT xorc da erT sul~ arian. usityvod
esmiT erTmaneTis, gumaniT xvdebian erTmaneTis sanukvar
miswrafebebs. robert sturuam da qoreografma gia
marRaniam am wyvilis araCveulebrivi plastikuri naxazi
Seqmnes, scenaze gaacocxles maTi ucnauri da tragikuli
siyvaruli. reJisorma da qoreografma msaxiobebTan
erTad SeZles SeeqmnaT mZafri, eqspresiiT aRsavse
plastikuri naxazi. maTi vneba da sulieri erTianoba
yvelaze mZafrad mefe dunkanis mkvlelobis Rames
gamovlinda maTi sisxliani xelebis SeerTebaSi. Semdgom
am wyvils aseTi vnebiani Rame aRar eqnebaT... finalSi am
udidesi grZnobis mxolod namsxvrevebiRa rCeba. ledi
makbeti cdilobs xelebidan uxilavi sisxlis moSorebas,
igi esaubreba makbets, romelsac mxolod Tavad xedavs,
ealerseba, amSvidebs da Tan cdilobs raRac gaixsenos,
raRac moZebnos. bolos aRmoaCens makbetis werils,
romelSiac igi kudianebTan Sexvedris ambavs mouTxrobs.
ledi makbeti nakuwebad aqcevs am werils. am aqtiT
mas surs xazi gadausvas yvelafers, rac moxda. unda
yvelaferi Tavidan daiwyos, magram axla aRar surs im
borotebebis Cadena, romlebic man da misma meuRlem
moimoqmedes.
`speqtaklis namdvili gmiri ledi makbetia. igi
reJisoris mier araorazrovnad win wamoweulia...
rogorc makbeti itanjeba hamletiseuli meryeobiT, aseve
86
ledi makbeti ofelias xvedrs iziarebs. Tu gamocdas

ver gauZlo, is SeiSleba da daasrulebs sicocxles...
meoTxe jadoqrad. Tumca ara, rogorc pirveli ledi.
axali samoselic ki im sameuli jadoqrisgan ergeba~1.
speqtaklSi sinamdvile da irealoba erTmaneTSia
gadaxlarTuli. am xerxiTvea dadgmuli makdufis colis
(lela alibegaSvili) da Svilis (daviT iaSvili)
mkvlelobis scena. es epizodi Tavisi plastikiTa da
emociuri zegavleniT isea awyobili, rom swored am
or _ realur da irealur, sinamdvilisa da koSmaruli
zmanebis mijnaze aRiqmeba. irgvliv sibnelea. mxolod
mkrTali sinaTlis Suqi gamohyofs saxeebs. maT win
saSineli Savi ormoa. teqsti `moRalate mamebis~ Sesaxeb
msaxiobebis mier meqanikurad, yovelgvari emociis gareSe
warmoiTqmeba. maTi yuradReba mi pyrobilia im Semzaravi
siCumisaken, romelic aseve Semzaravi Zalis moaxloebis
momaswavebelia. ukan,scenis siRrmeSi,makbetis Savi silueti
moCans lurj burusSi gaxveuli. ai, scena naTdeba, makbeti
uaxlovdeba deda-Svils da makdufis Sikrikad moaCvenebs
maT Tavs. eubneba, male moSordnen aqaurobas da scenaze
mkvlelebic gamoCndebian. mkvlelebi (l. gafrindaSvili,
t. salariZe) reJisorma kabares mocekvaveebis stilSi
warmoaCina. kabaresaTvis damaxasiaTebeli CacmulobiT,
stekiT xelSi,sacekvao ritmSi moZraoben,saxeze ki Rimili
ar scildebaT. isini mocekvavisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
msubuqi moZraobebiT klaven banqosa da Semdgom makdufis
col-Svils _ adamianis mkvleloba xom makbetis mier
dadgmul sanaxaobad aris qceuli. makdufis col-Svilis
mkvleloba reJisorma regTaimis fonze ganaxorcielebina
mkvlelebs. mkvlelobebis warmoCenam aseT, erTi SexedviT,
TiTqosda msubuq, ironizirebul formaSi, kidev ufro
meti simZafre da Semzaraoba SesZina maT. aseTi scenebiT,
1
gulCenko v. makbetis gamarTleba, an suitis saqebari sityva. J. `Te-
atri da cxovreba~, 1996, #5-6. gv. 66.
87
maka vasaZe
sxvadasxva detalze aqcentirebiT, reJisori speqtaklSi

qmnis adamianis damTrgunvel, adamianis aRqmisTvis
SemaZrwunebel atmosferos.
Teatrmcodne paola uruSaZe robert sturuasa da
zaza papuaSvulis makbets uwodebs `reJisors~, romelic
garedan adevnebs Tvalyurs Tavis `dadgmebs~.1
reJisor robert sturuas saTeatro enas axasiaTebs
erTdroulad ramdenime moqmedebis gaSla scenaze.
ase xdeba `makbetSic~. sakmarisia, gavixsenoT epizodi,
rodesac scenis erT mxares malkolmi (Temiko WiWinaZe)
da misi momxreebi makbetis winaaRmdeg, misTvis samagieros
gadasaxdelad, SeTqmulebas amzadeben, xolo scenis meore
mxares SeSinebuli, sindisis qenjniT gawamebuli ledi
makbetis sasikvdilo agonia TamaSdeba.
reJisorma da mxatvarma `makbetSi~ iseTi scenuri
atmosfero Seqmnes, sadac dro gansazRvruli ar aris.
zeviT ukve aRvniSne, rom scena mogvagonebs sardafs an
bunkers, Tavisi CaSavebuli kedlebiT da gaSiSvlebuli
sakomunikacio sistemebiT. alag-alag am usaxur
garemocvas mimobneuli sisxlisferi laqebi avsebs.
swored, aq, am atmosferoSi, SeiZleba kudianebis dabadeba.
nagvis grovidan, romelzedac gamWvirvale celofania
gadafarebuli, aRmocendebian gaugebari sqesis, ucnaur
samosSi gamowyobil arsebebi. swored es ucnauri, jojo
arsebebi wamosweven makbetis idumal zraxvebs, sxva
adamianebze batonobis, Zalauflebis mopovebis usazRvro
survils. alqajebTan Sexvedra makbets gaumyarebs miznis
miRwevis wadils da imavdroulad erT-erTi kudianis
mier micemuli `mezRvauris ceri~, romelsac kiserze
Camoikidebs, daarwmunebs, rom igi dausjeli darCeba.
Semdgom es metafora, transformirebuli saxiT, mTel
speqtaklSi povebs gagrZelebas. laparakia moqmed pirTa
e. w. `boroti xelebis~ aqcentirebaze. zogierT scenaSi
1
uruSaZe p. dasaxelebuli naSromi. gv. 9-10.
88
swored xelebi amxelen gmirTa zraxvebs. magaliTad,

ledi makbetisaTvis speqtaklis dasawyisSi xelebi misi
survilebis yvelaze erTguli Semsruleblebi arian,
bolosken ki es xelebi mtrebad iqcevian. swored am
xelebSia ledi makbetisTvis raRac Semzaravi. aseve,
speqtaklis pirvel scenebSi makbetis mzera yvelaze xSirad
xelebisken aris mimarTuli. igi xSirad gakvirvebuli
uyurebs Tavis xelebs, TiTqos ukvirs, Tu ras sCadian misi
xelebi. makbetis xelebi ki isev da isev axorcieleben
borotebas, makbetis mzeridan ki TandaTan qreba gaoceba
da SiSi, maT Soris gaugebroba aRar arsebobs.
mZime da sulis SemZvrelia `makbetis~ finali. Zalian
efeqturad aris dadgmuli makbetis `cad amaRlebis~
scena. reJisorma mokluli makbeti savarZelSi Casva
da ase savarZlianad adis igi maRla. makbeti yvelam
miatova, igi martoa. makbeti Tavdauzogavad ibrZvis. mas
gars Semoexvevian SavebSi Cacmuli mowinaaRmdegeebi.
mayurebeli mxolod imas xedavs, Tu ra gametebiT
urtyams mas maxvils makdufi (m. qvriviSvili). am masidan
amovardeba makbetis mokveTili Tavi. makbetis nacvlad
taxtze kanonieri memkvidre malkolmi adis (Temiko
WiWinaZe). mis mSvidobian, humanur dapirebebs ironiuli
RimiliT usmenda d. iaSvilis gmiri, romelic speqtaklSi
sam rols asaxierebda: mefe dunkanis umcros vaJs,
donalbens, banqos vaJs, fleanss da makdufis vaJs. samive
personaJi garegnulad erTnairia. am sami axalgazrdis
saxiT igi mTel Taobas ganasaxierebda. finalur scenamde
banqo (levan berikaSvili) Tavis vaJs burTs eTamaSeboda.
mama Svils ZalauflebisaTvis brZolis sastik, sisxlian
TamaSSi iTrevs. d. iaSvilis gmiric xalisiT dgeboda
karSi, raTa mamis mier dartymuli burTi moegeriebina.
ufrosebi sakuTari TamaSis wesebs sTavazoben da Tavs
axveven momaval Taobas.
finalSi scenaze gamodioda mokluli makbeti. igi
89
maka vasaZe
patara fleanss, alqajebma mefoba rom uwinaswarmetyveles,

gamoiwvevda burTis saTamaSod. makbeti burTis nacvlad
sakuTar, butaforiul mokveTil Tavs debda Zirs da
ukan ixevda burTis dasartymelad. d. iaSvilis fleansi,
azarts ayolili, swrafad garboda da warmosaxviT
karSi ikavebda adgils, ar afrTxobda, rom burTis magier
mokveTili TaviT unda iTamaSon. igi iRebda ufrosebis
mier SemoTavazebuli sisxliani TamaSis pirobebs, vinaidan
Tavadac am samyaros Svilia. makbetis mokveTili Tavi,
romelic SiSis zars scemda, axla saTamaSo sagnad aris
qceuli. speqtaklis damagvirgvinebeli akordi ki makbetis
mier ledi makbetis danTebuli sanTlis sulisSeberviT
Caqroba iyo, ris Semdegac scenaze ukuneTi sibnele
daisadgurebda.
is, rom samyaros gadarCena SesaZlebelia, speqtaklis
sivrceSic SeigrZnoboda. es sivrce ar warmoadgenda
mxolod usaxur bunkersa Tu sardafs, sadac adamianebi
erTmaneTis sawameblad arian movlenilni. scenis
sivrcis miRma, reJisoris CanafiqriT, uxilavi Ramea,
romelic mkvdreTiT aRmdgar mefe dunkans moajadovebs.
iqvea buneba, romelsac mzeras ver swyvetda sikvdilis
win banqo. iqidanve ismoda eklesiis zarebis rekvac.
scenaze Camowolili celofnis Rrubelic adamianis
qmedebebiT ganicdida metamorfozas. is, rac scenaze
xdeboda, TiTqos airekleboda masSi. xan sisxliT, xan
ki naRveliT iJRinTeboda. raRac momentebSi, TiTqos
moiqufreboda da mZimed daawveboda scenas, Semdgom ki
Secbunebuli ikumSeboda. masSi TiTqos Cvengan damaluli
sicocxle arsebobas ganagrZobda. aqac kidev erTxel
xazgasmulia realurisa da moCvenebiTis, sizmriseulisa
da sinamdvilis erTmaneTSi aRreva. am aRreulobisagan,
realoba-irealobisagan speqtaklSi gmirebs sikvdilic
ki ver ixsnis: dunkani, banqo, ledi makbeti da TviT
makbetic sikvdilis Semdegac gaorebulni arian, raRac
90
momentebSi isev ubrundebian saaqaos, da mainc, romeli

samyaroa am ors Soris realuri? kiTxvaze, romelic
mayurebels ebadeba, Tavad mayurebelma unda gasces pasuxi,
vinaidan reJisori ar cdilobs am kiTxvaze konkretuli
pasuxis gacemas.
adamianis sulis gadarCenis an sabolood daRupvis
globaluri problemis gadawyvetaSi, rogorc ukve aRvniSne,
`Svilebic~ monawileoben, reJisorma am `Svilebis~ e. w
krebiTi saxe Seqmna. speqtaklSi aqcentirebuli iyo, rom
es `Svilebi~ Tavidanve wigniT xelSi Cndebian. am xerxiT
reJisorma gviCvena, rom SesaZlebelia biWi Seqspiris
`makbets~ kiTxulobs da yvelaferi is, rac scenaze xdeba,
misi warmosaxvis, misi fantaziis nayofia. Teatrmcodne
paola uruSaZe erTgvar asociacias xedavs Seqspiris
hamletTan.
mamis mkvleloba donalbens wigns gverdze
gadaadebinebda da xelSi xanjals aaRebinebda, yoymanis
Semdeg ki gaqcevas amjobinebda. fleansisaTvis banqo
mxolod mama ar iyo. igi iyo misi uaxloesi megobari,
simamacis da keTilSobilebis gansaxiereba. speqtaklis
bolos ki donalbeni da fleansi sivardSi erTiandebodnen.
swored sivardi aRmarTavda pirveli xels makbetze.
yvela axalgazrda masSia gaerTianebuli
gaerTianebuli. TeTri perangis
amaras xelSi isev wigni eWira, gulSi ki mamis qurTuki
hqonda Caxutebuli. avanscenaze dgeboda, xolo mis
zurgs ukan ùfrosebi~ makbets klavdnen samarTlianobis
aRsadgenad.
speqtaklis finalSi donalbeni àRmdgari~ makbetis
win idga. igi TiTqos mzad iyo makbetis mier dagegmil
TamaSSi CasarTvelad. makbetis fexebTan TeTri, burTis
formis sagani ido, mokveTili Tavebis metafora,
romliTac araerTxel uTamaSiaT. donalbenic idga da
mouTmenlad eloda burTis (mokveTili Tavis) miRebas,
magram mokveTili TavebiT, adamianTa sicocxliT, TamaSs
91
maka vasaZe
Tavad makbeti asrulebda. burTi adgilze rCeboda.

reJisori aq wertils svamda. robert sturua TiTqos
gveubneboda: siave, boroteba aRar gagrZeldeba.
92
aleko gelaSvili,
Qqoreografiuli xelovnebis istorisa da Teoriis
mimarTulebis doqtoranti,
xelmZRvaneli _ prof. anano samsonaZe
`mrokav-mlocveli figurebi~
qvemo qarTlis (1965-1971w.w.) arqeologiuri

gaTxrebis dros (arqeologiur eqspedicias
xelmZRvanelobdnen: al. javaxiSvili da o. jafariZe),
imiris gorasa da aruxlos goraze gamovlinda Tixis
WurWlis fragmentebi antropomorfuli figurebis
reliefuri gamosaxulebebiT1, romlebic Zv. w. aR-is VI-IV
aTaswleulebiT, neoliTeneoliTis xaniT TariRdeba.
figurebis ZiriTad damaxasiaTebel niSanTagan
gamoikveTeba mamakacuri gamnayofierebeli Zalis simbolo
(falosi) da xelebis uCveulod maRla apyrobili
mdgomareoba, romelic SeiZleba aRviqvaT, rogorc
mlocveli adamianis Jesti da imavdroulad, rogorc
mrokavi adamianis sacekvao poza (sur. 1, 2, 3, 4). am faqtma
Cveni gansakuTrebuli yuradRebac miiqcia.
imiris goris IV samSeneblo horizontSi aRmoCenil
Tixis WurWlis fragmentebs Soris gamoirCeva erTi
mowiTalo Tixis WurWlis piris fragmenti, romelzec
reliefurad gamosaxulia anTropomorfuli figura. igi
warmoadgens sqematurad Sesrulebul xelebapyrobili
mamakacis gamosaxulebas2. (sur. 1) figuras axasiaTebs
wawvetebuli, grZeli Tavi da pirisaxe. saxeze Savi
laqebi SeiZleba miviCnioT tuCebis, cxvirisa da Tvalebis
gamosaxulebad. Tavze aseve SeimCneva odnav CaRrmavebuli
nawili yuris saxiT, yelis are da grZeli nikapi.
1
qvemo qarTlis arqeologiuri eqspediciis Sedegebi, (1965-1971),
,,mecniereba, 1975, gv. 85.
2
Rlonti l., javaxiSvili a., kiRuraZe T., xramis didi goris
anTropomorfuli qandakebebi, ,,Zeglis megobari~, #33, Tb., 1973, gv. 5.
93
aleko gelaSvili
figuris xelebi idayvSia moxrili, marT kuTxes qmnis

da Tavis gaswvriv, maRla aris aRmarTuli. maja, xelis
mtevani da TiTebi ar aris gamokveTili. figuras welze
Semokruli aqvs sartyeli, wels qvemoT ki daaxloebiT
45-gradusiani kuTxiT gamomavali ori fexis nawili
da fexebs Soris mamakacuri gamnayofierebeli Zalis
simbolo falosi SeimCneva. samwuxarod, WurWeli isea
gatexili, rom adamianis gamosaxulebas mxolod am saxiT
warmogvidgens, Tumca SemorCenili nawilidanac SeiZleba
mis mniSvnelobaze saubari.
analogiur gamosaxulebiani WurWlis fragmenti,
rogorc g. javaxiSvili gvamcnobs, aRmoCenilia
1
aruxlozec (sur. 2). magram am SemTxvevaSi msgavseba
mxolod orive figuris falikuri niSniT gamosaxvaSi
mdgomareobs. aruxlos goris figuris xelebze ver
vityviT, rom isini idayvebSia moxrili, piriqiT, isini
Tavisgan moSorebiT, ganze sruliad gaSlil da erTob
daZabul mdgomareobaSia mocemuli. igive SeiZleba iTqvas
fexebzec da iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom figura TiTqos
naxtomis mdgomareobaSia gamosaxuli.
garda amisa, wiTeli WurWlis anTropomorfuli
plastikis nimuSs paraleli moepoveba imiris gorazeve
aRmoCenil Savzedapiriani WurWlis fragmentze gamosaxul
figurasTanac, im gansxvavebiT, rom am SemTxvevaSi figura
sruli saxiT aris miZerwili fragmentis zedapirze (sur.
3). am figurasac zustad iseve aqvs aRmarTuli xelebi
maRla, rogorc wiTeli WurWlis figuras. maja, xelis
mtevani da TiTebi arc am figuraze aRiniSneba. Mmas
axasiaTebs mrgvali patara Tavi viwro kisriT, wvrili da
grZeli tani da aseve wvrili joxebiviT fexebi. fexebi,
rogorc wiTeli figuris SemTxvevaSi iyo, daaxloebiT
45-gradusiani kuTxiT gamodis korpusidan da muxlis
saxsarSi isea moxrili, rom TiTqos figura Camjdaria
1
javaxiSvili g. anTropomorfuli plastika warmarTuli xanis
saqarTveloSi, Tbilisi, 1984, gv. 24.
94
(e. w. `plieSi~), Tumca, isic ar aris gamoricxuli, rom

mis gamomsaxvels surda muxlis saxsris Cvenebac da
man es survili mxolod am gziT ganaxorciela. fexebi
bolovdeba terfebiT, fexebs Soris, TiTqmis muxlebamde,
figuras CamoSvebuli aqvs falosi.
Tu kargad davakvirdebiT figuras, SevamCnevT imasac,
rom igi moZrav mdgomareobaSia gamosaxuli. aSkaraa, rom
sxeulis simZime araTanabrad aris ganawilebuli orive
fexze, korpusi ufro metad gadaxrilia Cvengan marjvniv,
Sesabamisad, sxeulis simZime gadatanilia figuris
marcxena fexze, marjvena fexi ki SeiZleba haerSic iyos
amgvari gadaxridan gamomdinare. Tu SesaZlebeli iqneboda
imiris Savzedapiriani WurWlis fragmentis figurisTvis
fexebis mdgomareobebis Secvla, anu sxeulis simZimis
gadatana figuris marcxena fexidan marjvena fexze da Tu
amgvari moqmedeba ramodenimejer ganmeordeboda, aSkarad
miviRebdiT xelebapyrobili figuris òrnabijian~,
`yunculis~ msgavs martiv sacekvao moZraobas.
zemoT moyvanili ori Zeglisgan gansxvavebul
anTropomorfuli plastikis nimuSs warmoadgens imiris
goraze aRmoCenili, aseve Savzedapirian WurWlis
fragmentze reliefurad gamosaxuli figura (sur. 4).
WurWlis SemorCenilma fragmentma, Semoinaxa mxolod:
figuris uterfo fexebi,zeda ori nimuSis msgavsad,fexebs
Soris CamoSvebuli falosiT, marjvena xeli da marcxena
xelis sawyisi nawili idayvamde. figuris marjvena xeli
qveviT aris daxrili da zeda korpusisgan moSorebulia
daaxloebiT 45-gradusiani kuTxiT. Cveni azriT, aseTive
mdgomareoba unda hqonoda marcxena xelsac. figuras
ar axasiaTebs muxlebSi Camjdari mdgomareoba da
Cveni dakvirvebiT, muxlis gadmocemas figuris avtori
muxlis adgilas saZerwi Tixis ufro meti amoburcviT
axerxebs.
imiris da aruxlos goris anTropomorful figurebs
95
aleko gelaSvili
paralelebi TiTqmis mTel msoflioSi moeZebneba

(avstralia, espaneTi, italia, azerbaijani, somxeTi,
arabeTis gaerTianebuli saemiro da sxv.) da Sesabamisad,
am figurebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva Sexedulebac arsebobs.
magaliTad, amerikeli mkvlevari antoni perati maT
,,Cacucqul kacebad~ moixseniebs da miiCnevs, rom isini
uZvelesi cis plazmis formaciebs warmoadgenen1. (sur.
5) igi iZleva ilustrirebas imisa, Tu rogori formebiT
gamoxatavdnen plazmas (fizikaSi da qimiaSi plazma aris
airi, romelic mTlianad an nawilobriv ionizirebulia2)
sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva adgilas. erTi mxriv,
antoni peratis Sexedulebas ver uarvyofT, magram aqve
dasakonkretebelia, plazmis ra ti pzea saubari. rogorc
cnobilia, airebis msgavsad, plazmas ar aqvs gansazRvruli
forma an moculoba, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac is
raime WurWelSi an konteinerSia moTavsebuli3. Tu antoni
perats mxedvelobaSi aqvs bunebaSi arsebuli plazmis
ti piuri magaliTebi:ali,elva,varskvlavebi da mze,romelTa
danaxva Zveli drois adamians SeuiaraRebeli TvaliT
SeeZlo, maSin misi mosazreba CvenTvisac misaRebia, radgan
uZveles adamians, magaliTad, SeeZlo elvis garkveuli
forma adamianis formisTvis miemsgavsebina da Semdeg is
gamoesaxa kldeze, qvaze an Tixis WurWelze. Tumca, am
SemTxvevaSic ki mainc migvaCnia, rom e. w. `Cacucquli
kacebis~ formaSi adamianuri sawyisi ufro metia, vidre
plazmuri. garda amisa, qarTuli `mrokvel-mlocveli~
figurebis magaliTebi ar Seicaven iseT damaxasiaTebel
niSnebs (magaliTad or wertils), romelic antoni
peratis mier ilustrirebul figurebs tanis orive
mxares, fexebsa da xelebs Soris aReniSneba. amave dros,
daaxloebiT imave figurebis (saubaria valkamonikas
1
http://www.thunderbolts.info/tpod/2004/arch/041231predictions-rock-art.
htm
2
http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/
3 http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/
96
da tirolis alpebis kldeebze gamosaxul figurebze)

sxvagvari da sinamdvilesTan ufro axlos mdgomi
interpretaciac arsebobs.
magaliTad, italiaSi `valkamonikas~ figurebis Sesaxeb
saintereso cnobebs iZleva andrea arka gamokvlevaSi:
`valkamonikas kldis xelovnebis `mlocavi figurebis~
qronologia da interpretacia~. ìtaliaSi valkamonikas
kldis xelovnebis figurebi `mlocav figurebad~ an
`mlocvelebad~ iwodebian, iqidan gamomdinare, rom Cans,
TiTqos figurebi loculoben aweuli xelebiT. Tumca,
miuxedavad imisa, rom locvis aqti am figurebisTvis
yvelaze metad gavrcelebuli interpretaciaa, es
srulebiT ar gamoricxavs imavdroulad figurebis
mdgomareobebSi garkveuli ti pis cekvis amokiTxvasac1~
(sur. 6, 7) aRniSnavs andrea arka da gamohyofs
`mlocveli~ figurebis ramodenime ti ps:
1. `mlocveli figurebi simetriulad
urTierTsawinaaRmdegod mimarTuli (maRla da dabla)
moRunuli, Ù~-s formis xelebiTa da fexebiT;
2. mlocveli figurebi simetriulad
urTierTsawinaaRmdegod mimarTuli (maRla da dabla)
marTkuTxa `L~-is formis xelebiTa da fexebiT;
3. mlocveli figurebi samkuTxa formis fexebiT;
4. Sereuli saxis figurebi~2.
andrea arkas TqmiT, SeiZleba ganisazRvros figurebis
sxva kategoriebic, romlebic iZlevian:
`sasqeso reprezentacias. SesaZlebelia vi povoT
mamri figura (sqesi warmodgenilia joxis saxiT),
mdedri figura (sqesi warmodgenilia wertiliT an zog
SemTxvevaSi ori sxvadasxva wertiliT biustTan axlos,
mkerdis adgilebis misaTiTeblad) da usqeso figurebi;
1
Andrea Arca, ,,Chronology and interpretation of the Praying figures in
Valcamonica rock-art, http://www.rupestre.net/tracce/?p=4123
2
97
aleko gelaSvili
xelebisa da fexebis poziciebis arsebobas an ar

arsebobas;
sxva martiv figurebTan damokidebulebas;
SeiaraRebul xasiaTs~1.
valkamonikas kldis xelovnebis qronologiis yvelaze
mniSvnelovani kvleva, rogorc andrea arka migviTiTebs,
SemoTavazebuli aqvs e. anatis jer kidev 1960-ian wlebSi,
sadac qronologiurad oTxi stili gamoikveTa. amaTgan
I da II stili daTariRda neoliTuri xaniT, III stili
eneoliTisa da brinjaos xaniT, IV stili brinjaos xanis
dasasrulidan rkinis xanis dasasrulamde. e. anatis mier
`mlocavebi~ miCneul iqna I da II stilad. I stili
TariRdeba V aTaswleulidan _ Zv. w. aR. IV aTaswleulis
dasawyisamde (5000 3800 Zv. w. aR.) da II stili
TariRdeba Zv. w. aR. IV aTaswleuliT (3800 3000 Zv. w.
aR.) 2. Cven mier warmodgenili qarTuli anTropomorfuli
plastikis nimuSebic, imirisa da aruxlos goris Tixis
WurWlis fragmentebze reliefurad miZerwili `mrokav-
mlocveli~ figurebis saxiT, arqeologebma Zv. w. aR.
VI-IV aTaswleulebis farglebs miakuTvnes3, anu isini
neoliT-eneoliTuri kulturis nawarms warmoadgenen.
aqedan gamomdinare, mrokav-mlocveli figurebi, rogorc
uZvelesi sacekvao informaciis mqone qarTuli nivTebi,
ise gvevlinebian.
mniSvnelovania imis aRniSvnac, rom imiris da aruxlos
figurebi paralelebs avleben eneoliT-adrebrinjaos
xanis òznis Tixis fialis xatovan niSnebTan, kerZod I
niSanTan, romelic `xelebapyrobil~, `yunculas-calyuas-
samaias~ gamoxatavs.
rac Seexeba neoliT-eneoliTis xanis qarTuli
1
2
3
qvemo qarTlis arqeologiuri eqspediciis Sedegebi (1965-1971),
,,mecniereba~, 1975, gv. 85.
98
antropomorfuli figurebis gansakuTrebuli sicxadiT

ikonografiul msgavsebas `valkamonikas~ kldis reliefze
mocemul figurebTan, es garemoeba TavisTavad am figurebis
gamomZerwvelTa Tu amomkveTelTa SemoqmedebiTi (da
ara marto SemoqmedebiTi) ganviTarebis erTnair doneze
miuTiTebs, _ erTmaneTisgan Sors myofi, imdroindeli
avtorebisTvis adamianis sxeulis nawilebis warmosaxva
aracnobier niadagze erTnairad xorcieldeboda.
sur. 1 imiris goris mrokav - mlocveli figura (Zv. w. aR.

VI _ IV aTaswleulebi)
sur. 2 aruxlos goris mrokav-mlocveli figura (Zv. w. aR.

VI _ IV aTaswleulebi)
99
aleko gelaSvili
sur. 3 imiris goris mrokav-mlocveli figura (Zv. w. aR. VI

_ IV aTaswleulebi)
sur. 4 imiris goris mrokav-mlocveli figura (Zv. w. aR. VI

_ IV aTaswleulebi)
100
sur. 5 `Cacucquli kacebi~, rogorc cis plazmis formaciebi

(anton peratis mixedviT)
sur. 6 - 7 valkamonikas kldis figurebi
101
aleko gelaSvili
sur. 8 `yuncula~ _ oznis Tixis fialis I niSani (Zv. w. aR.

IV _ III aTaswleulebi)
sur. 9 `mrokavi urCxuli~ _ rexis qvis gamosaxuleba (Zv.

w. aR. IX _ VII ss.)
102
mzia zautaSvili,
saSemsruleblo xelovnebis telereJisuris
mimarTulebis doqtoranti,
xelmZRvaneli _ prof. sandro vaxtangovi
sad gaqra mayurebeli?
`sad gaqra mayurebeli?~1 _ kiTxulobs amerikeli

telewamyvani, RBS-is Jurnalisti, terens smiti da iqve
mohyavs statistikuri maCvenebeli _ `Tu ramdenime wlis
win sainformacio programebis saeTero dros CarTuli
iyo televizorebis 75%, axla es cifri 44-iT Seicvala
da dRiTidRe katastrofulad klebulobs~.2 misi kolega
den reizeri agrZelebs azrs da ambobs, rom `sainformacio
telegadacemebis mayureblis kleba gardauvalia, radgan
amerikelebis umravlesoba axal ambebs igebs sadReRamiso
radiosadgurebiT, internetiT, adgilobrivi sakabelo
arxebiT, da es yvelaferi xdeba bevrad ufro adre,
vidre nacionaluri televiziis wamyvani gauRimebs da
miesalmeba mayurebels. telemauwyeblobam fexi ver
auwyo teqnologiur miRwevebs. misi sakomunikacio manera
moZvelebulia da ar asaxavs auditoriis Tanamedrove
moTxovnebs~.3
ukve ramdenime welia debatebi ar wydeba tradiciuli
sainformacio programebis garSemo. Zneli saTqmelia,
ra formas miiRebs axali ambebis warmoeba momavalSi.
mayureblisTvis informaciis wyaros aRar warmoadgens
oficialuri mauwyebeli. internetma pirveloba CamoarTva
televizias. veb-saitebis momxmarebels saSualeba aqvs
misTvis xelsayrel dros CamotvirTos, misTvis sando
wyaroebSi gadaamowmos, piradad misTvis saintereso
informacia. internet momxmarebels ar sWirdeba Suamavali,
1
White T.,Writing, reorting and producing,NY, Fokal Press,2007, p.460
2
iqve;
3
iqve;
103
mzia zautaSvili
mmarTveli elitis mentori Jurnalisti, romelic

realurad momxdar ambavs xelisuflebis instrumentad
aqcevs. gamonaklisia auditoriis is nawili, visac ara
aqvs interneti da sakabelo televizia. Tumca maTi
cifric yoveldRiurad klebulobs. `CBS, ABC, NBC-
is sainformacio programebis SeuzRudavi dafinanseba
karga xania istorias Cabarda. aRar arian àxal ambebSi~
reklamis ganTavsebis msurvelebic. Tanxebis ararsebobis
gamo qselebma daxures nacionaluri da saerTaSoriso
warmomadgenlobebi. ukve ramdenime welia ar wydeba
korespondentebisa da sainformacio samsaxuris Statebis
Semcireba. Jurnalistebis didi nawili Tavisi surviliT
uars ambobs satelevizio karieraze da profesiul
gzas internet gverdebze agrZelebs. komerciuli, kerZo
samauwyeblo arxebic auqmeben axali ambebis gamoSvebebs
ararentabelurobis gamo~.1
ismis kiTxva _ amarTlebs Tu ara tradiciuli
satelevizio sainformacio programebi misi momzadebisTvis
gaweul sawarmoo xarjebs? dargis analitikosebi
Tvlian, rom Tanamedrove sakomunikacio saSualebebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, Sereul telemauwyeblobaSi àxali
ambebis~ miwodebas azri aRara aqvs. isini konkurencias
ver uweven internets, radios, CNN-isa da BBC-is
ocdaoTxsaaTian,srulad sainformacio arxebs. gadacemebsa
da filmebs Soris ganTavsebuli News-ebi dagvianebulia
da mxolod mauwyeblis politikuri Tu finansuri
interesebiT SeiZleba iyos gamarTlebuli.
mocemuli realoba ar aris Sedegi teqnikuri
progresisa da komunikaciis axali saSualebebiT
informaciis swrafad miwodebis mizeziT ver aixsneba.
`ratom aRar hyavs mayurebeli saeTero axal ambebs?
rogorc arasdros darwmunebuli var, rom maT meoTxe
xelisuflebis mimarT mZime braldebebi daugrovdaT~,
1
White T.,Writing, reorting and producing,NY, Fokal Press,2007, p.460
104
_ pasuxobs kiTxvas bernar goldbergi, _ `da erT-

erTi maTgani Cveulebrivi undoblobaa. Jurnalistebi
Tavs uflebas aZleven, politikuri dakveTis, an piradi
Sexedulebebis mixedviT aagon reportaJis teqsti,
struqtura, miznobrivad SearCion gamosaxuleba da
damzadebuli informaciiT socialuri mbrZaneblis
statusSi moevlinon sazogadoebas~.1 Tumca, `nawili
am informaciisa namdvilad ainteresebs mayurebels,
magaliTad amindis prognozi _ mowvims xval Tu ara;
danarCens erTi saxeli aqvs, yvela damaxasiaTebeli
komponentidan gamomdinare _ wminda wylis propaganda~.2
`mxolod samoqalaqo JurnalistikiT SeiZleba samsaxuri
gauwio mayurebels. televizia axlo urTierTobaSi
unda iyos sazogadoebasTan. dadga dro fundamenturi
cvlilebebisa, aucilebelia axlidan ganvsazRvroT cneba
ìnformacia~ da gaviazroT, ra samsaxurs uwevs es
informacia xalxs~.3
rogor aRwers samoqalaqo Jurnalistikis princi pebs,
am mimarTulebis pioneri, maiamis universitetis
profesori ed arnouni. `samoqalaqo Jurnalistika
gulisxmobs:
ifiqro adamianze pirvel rigSi, rogorc moqalaqeze
da ara rogorc informaciis momxmarebelze.
gaaSuqo problema ara eqspertebis, ara
institucionaluri an ideologiuri TvalsazrisiT, aramed
gaerkve ra WrilSi xedavs am sakiTxs sazogadoeba.
gaxsovdes, rom demokratiul sazogadoebaSi
sainformacio samsaxuris yvelaze mniSvnelovani amocanaa,
pirdapiri da arapirdapiri mniSvnelobiT, xeli Seuwyo
1
Goldberg B.White T.,Writing, reorting and producing,NY, Fokal
Press,2007, p.368
2
K. .
http://www.ref.by/refs/68/15694/1.html
3
Fuy E. White T.,Writing, reorting and producing,NY, Fokal Press,2007,
p.405
105
mzia zautaSvili
samoqalaqo sivrcis Seqmnas. am sivrceSi waradgino

aqtualuri Tema da gaarkvio, ra gziT unda sazogadoebas
svla. es Jurnalistis umTavresi movaleobaa, sajaro
analiziT daexmaro moqalaqis piradi pasuxismgeblobis
amaRlebas.
gaaSuqo axali ambavi samoqalaqo TvalsazrisiT,
niSnavs upasuxo kiTxvas _ `ra SegviZlia Cven, yvelas
erTad am problemis gadasaWrelad?~ da ara erT
romelime pirovnebas an Tundac, mcire jgufs mmarTveli
struqturebidan.
Tu Cven gavmijnavT xelisuflebas, rogorc sxva
adamianebs da warvadgenT, rogorc moqalaqisgan raRac
calke mdgom dajgufebas, Cven miviRebT qveynis marTvis
warumatebel, mcdar sistemas, sadac sazogadoebriv
problemebze pasuxismgebloba mxolod Cinovnikebs
ekisrebaT. realoba ki aseTia _ socialuri progresi
politikuri struqturebis miRma miiRweva da is
TiToeuli adamianis calke da mTlianad sazogadoebis
pasuxismgeblobisa da Sromis Sedegia~.1
samoqalaqo Jurnalistika Tvlis, rom qveyanaSi
ganviTarebuli problemebis Zieba xelisuflebaSi
satelevizio mani pulaciis moZvelebuli mesijia da
yovelTvis SefarviT, an aSkarad emsaxureba favoriti
politikuri jgufis propagandas. damnaSavis Zieba
mmarTvel elitaSi azrovnebis mcdari mimarTulebaa da
qveynis winsvlas ar emsaxureba, radgan xelisuflebaSi
mosul mcirericxovan jgufs, yovelTvis eqneba mcdeloba
piradi keTildReobisa. aqtiuri, Rirsebis gancdis mqone
sazogadoebis gareSe, romlis TiToeuli wevri mis wil
movaleobas ver acnobierebs demokratiul procesebSi,
qveynis progresi ganwirulia.
sazogadoeba satelevizio mauwyeblobis dasawyisSive
1
., -
http://silamedia.ru/2010/07/arnone-principles/
106
susti rgoli aRmoCnda propagandisa da finansuri

interesebis jaWvSi. masobriv komunikaciebze politikuri
wreebis, faSisturi da komunisturi ideologiis
diqtaturam mware gakveTili dautova istorias.
Tavisufal azrsa da gonierebas moklebulma masam
xifaTi Seuqmna kacobriobis arsebobas. aucilebeli
gaxda politikuri da komerciuli struqturebisgan
damoukidebeli satelevizio mauwyeblobis modelis Seqmna,
romelic sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze, misi interesebis
gaxmovanebaze, ganaTlebaze, kulturuli donis amaRlebaze
izrunebda. meti damoukideblobisTvis gadawyda _
arxi salicenzio gadasaxadiT mayurebels TviTonve
daefinansebina da misi ideologiisgan, saxelmwifo
struqturebisgan damoukidebeli, arakomerciuli
prioritetebi kanonmdeblobis saxiTac Camoyalibda. Tumca
es CanafiqriT idealuri samauwyeblo sivrce mxolod
ganviTarebuli, ukve demokratiuli sazogadoebisTvis
gadaiqca realobad da mis saukeTeso nimuSad dRemde
BBC rCeba. bevr qveyanaSi, ise rogorc CvenTan,
`sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli~ axlac, mxolod wesdebiT
moTxovnil komponentebs butaforiulad deklarirebs,
arsiT ki imitirebul sazogadoebas infantiluri
mozardis rols sTavazobs, romelsac Wiqa wyalic ki
mani pulatoris rCeulma, mzrunvelma, politikurma
jgufma unda dausxas. `socialuri problemebis
gverdis avliT telemayurebeli mudmivad datvirTulia
politikuri, TiTqos `zogadsakacobrio~ sakiTxebiT.
aseTi sainformacio taqtikis Sedegi yovelTvis erTi da
igivea: umoqmedoba, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi _ gulgriloba~.1
laparakiT daRlili `sazogadoebis gaucxoeba imdenad
didia, mTlianad mediisa da gansakuTrebiT, satelevizio
komunikaciebisadmi, rom presisa Tu mauwyeblis yvela
1
., , http://psyfactor.org/
infmanipulat2.htm , c 18
107
mzia zautaSvili
mcdeloba _ kontaqti aRadginos mayurebelTan, aRiqmeba,

rogorc reitingisa da tiraJebis gazrdis mizniT
dagegmili cinikuri mani pulacia~.1
sabednierod, teqnologiur cvlilebebs moaqvs
komunikaciis axali saSualebebi da komunikaciis
saSualebebs sazogadoebis axali ti pi. internetiT
socialurma komunikaciam istoriis mamoZravebeli Zala
SeiZina. guSindeli ègzotikuri saTamaSo~ dRevandeli
statistikuri monacemebiT miliardamde momxmarebels
iTvlis. misi daxmarebiT msoflio veRarasodes iqneba
iseTi, rogoric adre iyo. Tu aqamde informaciis
gavrcelebisa da sazogadoebrivi azris formirebis
monopolisti profesionali Jurnalisti da media-
personebi iyvnen, axla internetma yvela gaaTanabra.
nebismier adamians SeuZlia gamoiyenos sakomunikacio
sivrce piradi mosazrebebis, ambebis, SerCeuli masalis
gasaziareblad. mkiTxvelebis raodenobiT internetma
ukve gaaswro beWdviT medias. pasiuri telemayureblis
statusi ki facebook-is statusma Secvala. socialuri
qselis TiToeuli wevri individualuri mauwyebelia,
pirobiTad eleqtronuli mediis mflobeli, romelsac
hyavs Tavisi auditoria SerCeuli megobrebis saxiT,
aqvs SeuzRudavi saeTero dro, internetis video,
foto, audio da beWdviTi sakomunikacio baza. postis
ganaxlebisaTvis sxvadasxva SemecnebiTi, musikaluri da
sainformacio xasiaTis gverdebi, sistematurad awvdian
Tematur masalas. statusmauwyebeli Tavisi gemovnebiT,
im wuTieri ganwyobiT, an Tundac, raime movlenidan
gamomdinare, aqveynebs SerCeul informacias, aziarebs
pirad mosazrebebs, Sedis dialogSi daAaqvs ukukavSiri
Tavis mayurebelTan. ìnternetma Seqmna kacobriobis
istoriaSi aqamde arnaxuli, princi pulad axali
1
Fuy E. White T.,Writing, reorting and producing,NY, Fokal Press,2007,
p.405
108
èleqtronuli demokratiis~ sivrce. es aris pirvel

rigSi informaciis gavrcelebis unikaluri saSualeba _
dRes yovlad SeuZlebelia raime faqtis damalva an azris
SezRudva. saxelmwifo da komerciuli struqturebisgan
damoukidebeli socialuri Tanamegobroba gaxsnilia
sazogadoebrivi diskusiisaTvis~.1 àxali sainformacio
da komunikaciuri teqnologiebi axal horizonts
xsnis mcodne sazogadoebis gzaze, romelic gadalaxavs
socialur marginalizacias, iZleva ganaTlebas, aiolebs
samecniero mignebebis gacvlas, xels uwyobs xelovnebas
da kulturaTa Soris dialogs~.2
formalurad ukve arsebobs masmediis ori polusi:
xelisuflebisa da komerciuli struqturebis media _
tradiciuli satelevizio mauwyebloba da sazogadoebis
media _ `socialuri qselis~ saxiT. yvela statistikiT
aSkaraa, rom mayurebeli sakomunikaciod `socialur
qsels~ irCevs. televiziebs rCeba xanSesuli asakobrivi
kategoria da sazogadoebis mcire Semosavliani
segmenti. wlidan wlamde internetis, gansakuTrebiT
`socialuri komunikaciis~ popularoba matulobs.
tradiciuli satelevizio mauwyebloba mayureblis
gareSe rCeba da azrs kargavs. televizia cdilobs
Tavisi samsaxuri SesTavazos, megobruli urTierTobebi
daamyaros `facebook~-Tan da sxva `socialur qselebTan.~
gansakuTrebiT `sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli~ Tavs
valdebulad Tvlis, daemorCilos auditoriis survils
da im teqnikur sivrceSi gaavrcelos sainformacio,
saganmanaTleblo, kulturul-SemecnebiTi komponenti,
sadac mayurebelma gadainacvla. radgan `socialuri
qseli~ ufro metad saeWvo Rirebulebis samoyvarulo
1
.,
--, , 2013 http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/russia/
newsid_6279000/6279719.stm
2
UNESCO., : -
, ,2005,c 179.
109
mzia zautaSvili
postebiT maragdeba, sazogadoebrivi televizia Tavis

misias internetkomunikaciis formatSi sando da
profesiuli standartiT damzadebuli, xarisxiani
masalis miwodebaSi xedavs. `sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli
personalurad unda moemsaxuros mayurebels. gaxdes
kvalificiuri `portali~ da megzuroba gauwios
sazogadoebas sakomunikacio servisebisa da Sinaarsis
kolosaluri potencialis mqone internetSi~.1 BBC-im
calke arxi dauTmo samauwyeblo samsaxurs, romelic
cifrul formatSi sagamomcemlo formiT funqcionirebs
da programebis didi nawili mayureblebis dakveTiT
internetSi, mobilur telefonebze gadaicema. arxi ar
aris SezRuduli arc samauwyeblo badiT, arc formiT,
arc SinaarsiT da Cafiqrebulia, rogorc Tamami
eqsperimentuli sivrce axali ideebis mosasinjad.2
arsebobs mosazreba, rom televiziis momavali
kompiuteris, mobiluri mravalfunqciuri sakomunikacio
gajetebis TandarTul saitebSia. mayurebeli, misTvis
mosaxerxebel nebismier dros, arxidan arxze gadasvlis
nacvlad, planSetze airCevs SemoTavazebuli kontentidan
misTvis saintereso gadacemas. samauwyeblo teqnologiebis
eqspertebi jer ver akeTeben prognozs, ra saxes miiRebs
momavalSi televizia. teqnikur komponentSi ukve
gamogonilia hologramuli televizori, gamosaxulebaSi
Cadebuli sareklamo informaciiT, romelic magidaze
furceliviT efineba da vizualis proeqcia sivrceSi
xdeba. mayurebels, romelsac filmis yurebis dros
daainteresebs, magaliTad personaJis mklavze gadadebuli
CanTa, pultis damiznebiT gadava danarTze, sadac Seityobs
srulad nivTis brends, faqturas, feris arCevans da sad,
ra fasSi SeZlebs mowonebuli CanTis yidvas. es niSnavs,
rom sareklamo rgoli damoukidebeli saxiT gaqreba. misi
1
UNESCO., :
, ,2005,c 181
2
iqve;
110
damzadebisa da ganTavsebis xarjebi mTlianad satelevizio

nawarmoebis Sinaarssa da xarisxs moxmardeba.
`Cven axla vcxovrobT samauwyeblo teqnologiebis
winarevoluciur xanaSi. momdevno 15 weliwadSi
telearxebis bazars kontenti gamodevnis. romelic
multimediur sivrceSi gavrceldeba. es iqneba mauwyeblobis
arsebobis ganmavlobaSi yvelaze radikaluri cvlileba.
revoluciuri cvlilebebi gviaxlovdeba~.1 aRniSna HAT-
is saerTaSoriso konferenciaze eduard sagalaevma,
romelic moiwvies Temaze _ `strategia 2015: kontenti,
teqnologia, ekonomika. liderebis scenarebi.~
dRes ki, Tu gvainteresebs sad aris mayurebeli?
pasuxi martivia, mayurebeli aris iq, sadac ainteresebs.
kiTxva sxvagvarad unda davsvaT _ sad aris televizia?
1
. ., XIV -
, 2010, www.natexpo.ru/conference
111
naTia mefariSvili,
kinomcodneobis mimarTulebis doqtoranti,
xelmZRvaneli _ prof. zviad doliZe
stiven spilbergi _
axdenili amerikuli ocneba
`Seqmna kargi filmi _ Zalian rTulia! Seqmna filmi,

romelic moswons mayurebels _ martivi ar aris. magram
gadaiRo kargi kino, popularuli mayureblisTvis da
Tanac es SeZlo yovel wels _ igivea, rom moi povo is
wmida graali, romlisTvisac indiana jonsi sicocxles
riskis winaSe ayenebs da romlis mopovebis udidesi
survili aqvs bevrs holivudSi!~
rojer eberti1
stiven spilbergi daibada 1949 wlis, 18 dekembers,

amerikis qalaq cincinatSi, inJiner-eleqtrikos arnold
spilbergis ojaxSi. spilbergis mama erT-erTi pioneri iyo
kompiuteruli saqmianobis sferoSi. mamis profesiidan
gamomdinare, spilbergs bevri mogzauroba uwevda.2
xelovani adamianebi, romel sferoSic ar unda
moRvaweobdnen: TeatrSi, kinoSi, arqiteqturasa Tu
literaturaSi, TavisTavad warmoadgenen sakuTari
STabeWdilebebis xarjze produqts, im STabeWdilebebisa,
romlebic miiRes bavSvobaSi. ar mjera uecari
genialurobis gamovlinebisa _ es mxolod da mxolod
miTia, Tumca farTod gavrcelebuli. Cven yvela ganvicdiT
STagonebas. mec yovelTvis raRac STamagonebs, magram
mTeli Cemi STagoneba _ es aris Sedegi imisa, Tu risgan
var Semdgari. mTeli Cemi organizmi sawyiss iTvlis
erT dRes 1946 wels (18 dekemberi), rodesac movevline
1
Ebert, Roger. Awake in the Dark: The Best of Roger Ebert. London: The
University of Chicago Press, 2006, p. 99.
2
. . , , 2000, . 81.
112
dedamiwas qalaq cincinatSi (Stati ohaio). Semdgom Cemi
cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba TandaTanobiT izrdeba, da
ase xdeba Cemi Semadgeneli _ kargic da cudic... _
ambobda stiven spilbergi.1
bavSvoba da axalgazrdoba qalaq hodonfildsa (niu-
jersis Stati) da skotdeilSi (arizonas Stati) gaatara.
am provinciulma qalaqebma ganaviTara misi fantazia,
romlis realizaciamac kinoSi SeZra msoflio. pirveli
filmi 12 wlis asakSi gadaiRo, feniqsis SemogarenSi.
26 wlis asakSi spilbergma gadaiRo filmi ybebi
(1975), 30 wlisam mesame xarisxis axlo kontaqtebi
(1977), xolo 34 wlisam ki _ uZvelesi kidobnis
maZiebelni (1984) (jorj lukasTan erTad). mis mier
gadaRebuli filmebidan yvelaze Semosavlian filmad
kinos istoriaSi iqca filmi ucxoplaneteli. ukve
34 wlis asakSi spilbergi holivudis mefed aRiares.2
mis mier Seqmnilma filmebma mayureblis yvelaze didi
raodenoba moicva, rac Semosavlis uwyvet wyaros qmnida.
am TvalsazrisiT stiven spilbergs toli ar hyavs _
aris namdvili amerikuli ocnebis cocxali magaliTi.
zogadad moiazreben sabavSvo da axalgazrduli
filmebis specialistad, samecniero fantastikis JanrSi.
es reputacia mas SesZina filmebma xafangi da
iuruli parki, arada, sinamdvileSi, spilbergi muSaobs
sxvadasxva JanrSi trileridan dawyebuli (eqspresi
Sugarlendisken, 1974), saSinelebaTa filmebiT (ybebi,
1975), komediebi (1941, 1979), saTavgadasavlo filmebiT
(Zveli kidobnis maZiebelni, 1981, indiana jonsi da
jvarosnuli laSqroba, 1984) damTavrebuli. spilbergi
ganagrZobda eqsperiments kinoSi, risi magaliTicaa
mewamuli feri (1985) da mzis imperia (1987). stivenis
1
. , , , 2000, . 55-56.
2
Sanello, Frank. Spielberg: The Man, the Movies, the Mythology. Dallas:
Taylor Trade Publishing, 2002, p.132.
113
naTia mefariSvili
Semdgomi namuSevrebi gankuTvnilia ufrosi TaobisaTvis,

esenia: romantikuli komedia samudamod (1989) da raRa
Tqma unda, istoriuli drama Sindleris sia (1993).
arasdros vakeTeb Cemi filmebis klasifikacias,
me ubralod viReb mxatvrul films _ aRniSnavda
spilbergi.1
reJisori Tavis Tavs mxatvruli kinos Semoqmedad
miiCnevs da Tvlis, rom upirvelesi davaleba mayureblis
garTobaa da ara maTi informireba Semecnebis TvalsazrisiT.
Tumca, mas Tavs esxmian kritikosebi, romlebic miiCneven
spilbergis namuSevrebs primitiul produqciad,
gajerebulT specefeqtebiT, sentimentalurobiTa
da komikurobiT. isini akritikeben spilbergs, rom
is mTel aqcents akeTebs filmis teqnikur mxareze,
bavSvur gulubryvilobaze da ara inteleqtualur
siRrmiseul Sinaarsze. Tavad reJisori Tvlis, rom es
kanonzomieria da Semoifargleba zogadi pasuxiT: kino
_ didi biznesia; swored amitom yoveli filmi ganicdis
eqspluatacias.2
reJisoris sawyisi pozicia gadasaReb moedanzea:
yvelaferi unda iyos mkafiod gamoxatuli scenarSi!
SeuZlebelia warmovaCinoT dedofali mosamsaxureebisa
da sefe qalebis garemocvis gareSe. momwons Sinaarsis
gamoxatva saxeebiT (gmirebiT), da ara dialogebiT.3 mis
profesionalizmze am mimarTulebiT mowmobs is siswrafe,
ris mixedviTac viTardeba siuJeti. bevri fiqrobs, rom
swored pompezurma suraTebma, gmirebma da specefeqtebis
siuxvem ganapiroba misi saukeTeso namuSevrebis warmateba.
magram sinamdvileSi es ase ar aris: es mxolod da
1
Ebert, Roger. Awake in the Dark: The Best of Roger Ebert. London: The
University of Chicago Press, 2006, p. 98.
2
Taylor Trade Publishing, 2002, p. 145.
3
Friedman, Lester and Notbohm Brent. Steven Spielberg Interviews.
Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2000, p. 16.
114
stiven spilbergi _ axdenili amerikuli ocneba
mxolod emsaxureba mayureblis reagirebis gamoRviZebas,

romlebic unda gadavidnen arsebuli realobidan axal
samyaroSi, Seiqmnan alternatiuli ganwyoba da moamzadon
azrovneba, romlis drosac SeuZlebeli iqceva realobad,
da yvela emocia gaRvivdeba.
20-iani wlebi is periodia,rodesac holivudma dai pyro
msoflio kinoekranebi, amerikuli filmebi sxva qveynebis
mayurebels xiblavdnen Tavisi amerikanizmiT: rac
igulisxmeba tempSi, moZraobaSi, progresSi, optimizmsa
da grZnobebis siuxveSi.1 spilbergis filmebi amjeradac
inarCuneben am niSnebs. filmis axlo kontaqtebi
ekranebze gasvlisas reJisorma Tqva: suraTis Seqmnisas,
me mudam viTvaliswineb ara mxolod amerikuli, aramed
saerTaSoriso kinobazris interesebs.2 rogorc Cans,
spilbergs ufro uadvildeba kontaqti mayurebelTan,
vidre kritikosebTan. saqme imaSic aris, rom mayurebeli
midis kinoTeatrSi, raTa gaerTos, kritikosebi _
imisaTvis, rom Seiswavlon suraTi. mayurebeli Tanxas
ixdis konkretul sanaxaobaSi, romelic ganixileba
individualurad, kritikosi ganixilavs namuSevars sxva
mraval filmTan SedarebiT, ikvlevs ideis literaturul
safuZvlebs da a. S.. kritikosebi adanaSaulebdnen
spilbergs elis uolkeris romanis damaxinjebaSi filmSi
mewamuli feri~. spilbergis pasuxi braldebaze iyo
Semdegi: ìsini, vinc acxadeben, rom me wigni Tavdayira
amovatriale, rodesac misgan gavakeTe sentimentaluri,
rasistuli da seqsualuri Txroba, aCvenebs amiT Tavis
sakuTar SezRudulobas da gariyulobas im adamianebisagan,
romlebic dadian filmebis sanaxavad da ara maTze
sawerad. mayurebelma dainaxa filmSi zustad is, rac
masSi aris da ara damakavSirebeli xazi am filmisa Cems
1
Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2000, p.11.
2 Friedman, Lester and Notbohm Brent. Steven Spielberg Interviews.
115
naTia mefariSvili
momdevno namuSevrebTan.1
yuradRebas i pyrobs reJisoris ara mxolod, rogorc
qveynierebis udidesi masStabis fantastikis filmebis
Seqmna, aramed is, rom spilbergis filmebi faqtobrivad
daexmara mTeli Taobis kinomayurebels 70-iani wlebis
periodis axleburi aRqmis formirebaSi, maSin rodesac
80-ian wlebamde maT cnobierebaSi mxolod vietnamis
omis istoriebis sxvadasxva Sinaarsis filmebi iyo
xelmisawvdomi, rasac ronald reiganis politika
gansazRvravda.2
1980 wels, rodesac ronald reigani gaxda
prezidenti da amerikeli tyveebi samSobloSi daabrunes,
gaCnda Zveli didebis dabrunebis imedi. saWiro gaxda
axali figuris moZieba, romelic xorcs Seasxamda Zvel
miTebs, kargad ecodineboda holivudis SesaZleblobebi,
iqneboda opengeimeri, romelic SeZlebda xelovnebisa
da realobis sinTezs.3 im dros, rodesac reiganis
(es msaxiobi adre TanamSromlobda liu vasermanTan,
romelic im dros spilbergis mentori da universalis
ufrosi iyo) administracia eZebda politikur gzebs
warsulis dasabruneblad da amiT warsulis didebis
momavlad qcevas, holivudma axali aRmoCena gaakeTa, riTac
SeZlo momavlis uzrunvelyofa kulturis sferoSi _
spilbergis saxiT.4 spilbergi amas ver iazrebda, magram
misi bavSvuri gataceba da ubraloeba iqca nacionaluri
sindromis gamomxatvelad. bedis ironiiT, is xdeba 70-80
ian wlebSi amerikis yvelaze popularuli kinoreJisori
1
2
Taylor Trade Publishing, 2002, p. 163-166.
3
Vaughn, Stephen. Ronald Reagan in Hollywood: Movies and Politics.
Cambridge: Cambridge Univeristy Press, 1994, p. 11.
4
Wasser, Frederick. Steven Spielbergs America. Cambridge: Polity Press,
2010, p. 93.
116
da prodiuseri.
spilbergma Tavisi filmebiT 80-iani wlebis amerikis
kinoindustriaze mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina, rogorc
reJisorma da prodiuserma. SesaZloa iTqvas, rom is iyo
sulieri mama amerikuli kinoskolis axali Taobisa,
romelSic Sevidnen: jorj lukasi, robert zemekisi, don
bluni da jon dante. swored, rom maTi filmebs wilad
xvdaT komerciuli warmatebebi.
kritikosebis nawili aRniSnavs, rom spilbergis
filmebi ideologiurad konservatiulia. kritikosi
robert kolkeri ambobda: forma da struqtura
spilbergis filmebisa, iZleva ideologiuri xedvis
dakmayofilebis saSualebas, SeTavazebiT mSvidi da
usafrTxo virtualuri garemosi. filmebi arafers
axals ar eubnebian mayurebels, arafers iseTs, rac
mayureblisTvis ucnobia, an raime iseTs, rac manamde
miuwvdomeli iyo. amaSia maTi (filmebis) konservatuloba,
gavrcelebuli 80-iani wlebis yvela kinosTvis.1
televiziaSi miRebulma gamocdilebam spilbergs
aswavla Txrobis zusti Tanmimdevruloba, amitomac
misi xelovneba warmoaCens dramaturgiis kanonebis
srul dacvas da siuJetis ganviTarebis dinamikurobas;
sxvagvarad rom avxsnaT, televiziam Seaswavla spilbergs
moqmedebebis iseTi TanmimdevrobiT ganawileba, rom
mayurebels ramdenime nabijiT win uswrebs da ar aZlevs
modunebis saSualebas.
spilbergis filmebs aqvT unari, gamoicnon
mayureblis xasiaTi, amitom Tavad is gardaiqmna
Tavisi Taobis winaswarmetyvelad. aman ubiZga erT-erT
yvelaze realisturi midgomebiT gamorCeul kritikos
robert kolkers daewera Semdegi: spilbergis filmebi
aris ideologiuri produqcia qarxnulad Seqmnili,
udidesi galerea 80-iani wlebis Seqmnil saxeTa
1
. . , , 2000, c. 67.
117
naTia mefariSvili
mravalferovnebisa.1
spilbergma didi xniT SeinarCuna bavSvobis mogonebebi,
rac gaxda wyaro misi Semdgomi SemoqmedebisaTvis. filmSi
ucxoplaneteli man gamoxata grZnobebi, romlebic
gamohyva bavSvobis droindeli ojaxuri cxovrebidan.
magaliTad, kamaTi ded-mamas Soris, romelic dasrulda
ganqorwinebiT (1966).2 rac Seexeba films mesame xarisxis
axlo kontaqtebi _ filmis siuJets safuZvlad daedo
4 wlis asakSi mamis mier naCvenebi meteorituli wvimis
xilvisas miRebuli STabeWdilebebi.
raoden gasakviric ar unda iyos, spilbergi ver
moxvda amerikis verc erT prestiJul kinoinstitutSi.
Caabara kaliforniis Statis universitetSi, long-
biCSi, holivudTan axlos, satelevizio warmoebis
specialobaze, magram miatova swavla bolo kursze. es
saqcieli ar iyo SemTxveviTi. is iswrafoda miznisaken,
romelic didi xnis win daisaxa _ gamxdariyo kinoreJisori.
pirveli filmebi jer kidev bavSvobaSi gadaiRo. undoda
Seeswavla kinowarmoeba, magram misi skolis atestati arc
ise damajerebeli gamodga prestiJuli universitetisTvis,
iseTebisTvis, rogorebicaa _ samxreT kaliforniis
universiteti an kaliforniis universiteti da mas mouwia
dakmayofilebuliyo inglisuri enisa da literaturis
SeswavliT. stiveni ufro met dros kinoTeatrebSi
atarebda vidre biblioTekaSi. mTel Tavisufal dros
uTmobda studia universals, cdilobda ra daenaxa,
rogor muSaobdnen kinos namdvili ostatebi, rogoricaa
_ hiCkoki. stiveni ar iSurebda arc drosa da arc Zalas
Tavis klasgareSe namuSevrebisaTvis da eZebda gzebs,
rogorme eCvenebina vinmesTvis studiis administraciidan
1
King, Geoff. New Hollywood Cinema: An Introduction. New York: Taurus
& Co Ltd, 2002, p. 108.
2
Lewis, Jon and Smoodin, Eric. Looking Past the Screen: Case Studies in
American Film History and Method. Durham: Duke University Press 2007,
p. 78.
118
Tavisi namuSevrebi. am mondomebis Sedegia 26-wuTiani

filmi emblini (1968), dialogebis gareSe.1 filmSi
moTxrobilia gogonasa da biWze, romlebic mogzauroben
àvtostopiT~ wynari okeanisken. filmis gadaRebebi
dasrulda 10 dReSi, 35mm-ian firze da biujetma Seadgina
10 000 dolari. finansuri mxardaWera filmisaTvis
spilbergs gauwia mdidarma megobarma denis hofmanma,
romelic swavlobda kolejSi stivenTan erTad da
abarebda kinosaprodiuseroze.2
sidni Sainbergma, universal studios~ televiziis
warmoebis direqtorma, emblinis naxvis Semdeg
ganacxada, rom filmi SesaniSnavia. meore dRes Sainbergi
Sexvda spilbergs da SesTavaza samsaxuri universal
studioSi reJisorad. spilbergma pasuxi ar daayovna
da daTanxmda SeTavazebas.3 erT kviraSi gaformda
TanamSromlobis xelSekruleba da damwyeb reJisors
daeniSna xelfasi 275 aSS dolari kviraSi. mas evaleboda
satelevizio gadacemebis reJisura da filmebis gadaReba
televiziisTvis. ase daiwyo spilbergis, rogorc
reJisoris profesiuli saqmianoba did kinoSi. spilbergis
pirveli warmateba da aRiareba ukavSirdeba 1968 wels
gadaRebul films emblini. am namuSevriT stivenma,
rogorc reJisorma miiqcia kinoindustriis yuradReba.
suraTma moi pova ramdenime prizic. 1969 wels filmi
aCvenes atlantis kino festivalze. filmis operatori
iyo alen daviu (romelic SemdegSi muSaobda spilbergTan
ucxoplanetelis gadaRebaze).4
films ucxoplaneteli spilbergi exmianeba, rogorc
1
Powers, Tom. Steven Spielberg: Master Storyteller. Minneapolis: Lerner
Publishing Group, 1997, p. 48.
2
. . , , 2000, c. 11.
3
Buckland, Warren. Directed by Steven Spielberg: Poetics of the Contempo-
rary Hollywood Blockbuster, New York: Continuum, 2006, p. 53.
4 Powers, Tom. Steven Spielberg: Master Storyteller. Minneapolis: Lerner
119
naTia mefariSvili
uxeS komercias da sareklamo kampanias pepsis

suliskveTebiT. kinos istoriaSi filmi aRiarebulia,
rogorc pirveli magaliTi frodaqT fleismentis
danergvisa kinematografSi.1
stiven spilbergma fantastikas, rogorc Janrs mimarTa
ufro adre,vidre jorj lukasma da garkveul warmatebasac
miaRwia. varskvlavuri omebis gamosvlamde ori wliT
adre spilbergi ukve `SeiWra~ mayurebelTa masobriv
azrovnebaSi da aRafrTovana TiToeuli maTgani.2
mZime iyo gza, romelic gaiara spilbergma holivudis
olimpze asasvlelad, magram man udidesi wvlili
Seitana ara marto amerikuli, aramed msoflios kinos
istoriaSi da SeZlo gamxdariyo udidesi reJisori.
stiven spilbergis miRwevebi kinoindustriaSi amerikulma
kinoakademiam sxvadasxva jildoTi aRniSna. 8 filmma
kinoakademiis 28 jildo miiRo sxvadasxva nominaciaSi.
es filmebia: ybebi, mesame xarisxis axlo kontaqtebi,
indiana jonsi, dakarguli kidobnis maZiebelni, indiana
jonsi,ukanaskneli jvarosnuli laSqroba,iuruli parki
da Sindleris sia. rodesac amerikis kinoinstitutma
Seadgina saukeTeso kinoaseuli, spilbergis 5 filmi maT
Soris moxvda. spilbergi aris adamiani, romelic iqca
kinoxelovnebis ganuyofel nawilad.
1
Hook, V. Sue. Steven Spielberg: Groundbreaking Director. New York:
ABDO Group, 2010, p. 39.
2
Powers, Tom. Steven Spielberg: Master Storyteller. Minneapolis: Lerner
120
maia Rvinjilia,
kulturis menejmentis mimarTulebis doqtoranti,
sakonferencio Tema
xelmZRvaneli _ sruli prof. miron tuRuSi
animaciuri saqmianoba turistul

biznesSi
turizmis mdgradi ganviTareba SesaZlebelia mxolod

im SemTxvevaSi,Tu mudmivad gaumjobesdeba SemoTavazebuli
momsaxurebis xarisxi. turistuli biznesis ganviTarebis
mTavari winapirobaa turistuli produqtis xarisxis
maRali done.
turizmSi axali mimarTulebaa _ turistuli
animacia, romelic specifikuri turistuli produqti
da turizmis programebis mniSvnelovani elementi gaxda.
ànimacia~ laTinuri warmoSobis sityvaa (anima _ qari,
haeri,suli, animatus _ gacocxleba) da niSnavs enTuziazms,
xels uwyobs sicocxlisunarianobas da CarTulobas
saqmianobaSi1. animacia aris moRvaweoba, mimarTuli imaze,
rom provocireba gaukeTos da gaaZlieros interesi
mxatvruli Semoqmedebisa da kulturisadmi.2 am ti pis
momsaxureba gankuTvnilia momsaxurebis xarisxis
gasaumjobeseblad, amave dros animaciuri produqtebi
gamoiyeneba,rogorc sareklamo SesaZlebloba vizitorebis
da maTi axloblebis xelaxla mosazidad, igi xels
* mimdinarestatia avtorma wakiTxa saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis
Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitetSi 2012 wels Catarebuli
konferenciis `saxelovnebo procesebi (1960-2000)~ araTematur
seqciaSi.
1
. ., . .,
, , 2002, ..3
2
dragiCeviC-SeSiCi m., stoikoviCi b,. kultura, menejmenti, animacia,
marketingi, Tb., 2007, gv.28
121
maia Rvinjilia
uwyobs bazarze turistuli produqtis sargeblis da

turistuli biznesis momgebianobis zrdas.
animaciuri momsaxureba ganisazRvreba rogorc
gasarTobi programis, dasvenebis `gacocxleba~. animacia
aris mravalmxrivi, turistebis sxvadasxva interesebisa
da moTxovnebis Sesabamisad. animacia turistebisaTvis
kulturul-sanaxaobrivi programebis wardgenas
iTvaliswinebs. aq igulisxmeba, rogorc sportuli
RonisZiebebi, konkursebi da Sejibrebebi, cekvis saRamoebi,
Teatralizebuli warmodgenebi, aseve sxvadasxva saxis
TamaSebi turistTa garTobis uzrunvelsayofad.
animacia pasiur dasvenebas aqtiurad gadaaqcevs da
pirovnebas srulfasovan dasvenebasTan erTad sulier da
fizikur reabilitacias sTavazobs. animaciuri saqmianoba
turists uCveulo da unikaluri SegrZnebis gancdis
saSualebas aZlevs.
animaciuri saqmianobis sargeblianoba turizmis
biznesSi, animatoris roli da funqciebi: animacia _ am
ti pis momsaxureba gankuTvnilia momsaxurebis xarisxis
gasaumjobeseblad, da amave dros _ es aris sareklamo
forma vizitorebis da maTi axloblebis xelaxla
mosazidad, igi xels uwyobs bazarze turistuli
produqtis sargeblis da turistuli biznesis
momgebianobis zrdas.
animacia _ turistuli saqmianobis saxesxvaobaa,
romelic xorcieldeba turistul sawarmoebSi
(turistuli kompleqsi, sastumro, sakruizo gemi,
matarebeli da sxva), da dasvenebisTvis specialurad
SemuSavebuli programebiT sxvadasxva RonisZiebaSi
turistebis monawileobas gulisxmobs.
turistuli animacia _ turistuli momsaxurebis
is formaa, romlis drosac turisti aqtiuradaa
CarTuli kulturul RonisZiebaSi. turistuli animacia
efuZneba pirad adamianur urTierTobebs turanimatorsa
122
animaciuri saqmianoba turistul biznesSi
da turists Soris, turistuli kompleqsis mier

SemoTavazebuli animaciuri programiT isini garTobis
Tanamonawileni xdebian.
animaciuri momsaxureba aris erT-erTi yvelaze
efeqturi saSualeba stumrebis mozidvisa, romlis
mixedviTac stumrebi animatoris saqmianobas pozitiurad
afaseben. es damatebiTi momsaxureba saSualebas aZlevs
damsvenebels,miiRos dadebiTi emociebi da iyos dasvenebiT
kmayofili, raTa mas gauCndes am adgilas kvlav dabrunebis
survili.
iseve rogorc yvela saxis turistuli sawarmos
saqmianoba, animacia unda iyos kargad dagegmili,
reglamentirebuli da organizaciulad kontrolirebadi
saqmianoba, romelic uzrunvelyofili iqneba finansuri,
materialuri da adamianuri resursebiT.
ZiriTadi rekreaciuli funqciebidan (samedicino,
gasarTobi da SemecnebiTi) turistuli animacia
mowodebulia Seasrulos sportul-gamajansaRebeli
da SemecnebiTi funqcia. Sesabamis pirobebSi iribad
xorcieldeba Terapiuli (samkurnalo) funqciac1.
animaciis praqtikaSi animaciuri programebis
miznobrivi CamoyalibebisaTvis moduria turistuli
animaciis Semdegi funqciebi:
adaptaciuri funqcia yoveldRiuri garemodan
Tavisufal da dasasvenebel garemoSi gadasvlis
saSualebas iZleva;
sakompensacio funqcia aTavisuflebs adamians
yoveldRiuri fizikuri da gonebrivi daRlilobisgan;
stabilizaciis funqcia qmnis dadebiT emociebs da
gonebriv stabilurobas astimulirebs;
gamajansaRebeli funqcia miznad isaxavs aRadginos
da ganaviTaros adamianis fizikuri Zala, romelic maTi
yoveldRiuri cxovrebiTaa dasustebuli;
1
. ., . . ,
, , 2002, . 11
123
maia Rvinjilia
sainformacio funqcia axali informaciis miRebis

saSualebas iZleva qveynis, regionis, adamianebis Sesaxeb;
saganmanaTleblo funqcia Zlieri STabeWdilebebis
Sedegad samyaros Sesaxeb axali codnis SeZenis
saSualebas iZleva;
gasaumjobesebeli funqcias moaqvs inteleqtualuri
da fizikuri ganviTareba;
sareklamo funqcia saSualebas iZleva animaciuri
programebiT turistebi qveynis, regionis, turistuli
kompleqsis, sastumros, turistuli saagentos da a.S.
reklamis matareblebi gaxadon;
turistuli animaciis funqciebis aseTma
mravalferovnebam gamoiwvia animaciuri saqmianobis,
animaciuri programebisa da RonisZiebebis
mravalferovneba.
sistemuri midgomiT turistuli animacia _ es aris
specifikuri turistuli moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba
urTierTobaSi, moZraobaSi, kulturaSi, xelovnebaSi, droSi,
garTobaSi. am saWiroebebis speqtri Zalian farToa,
radgan adamianebi, romlebic imyofebian SvebulebaSi, am
koncefciaSi sruliad gansxvavebul mniSvnelobas xedaven,
kerZod, zogierTisTvis dasveneba _ es aris mogzauroba,
sxvebisTvis _ kiTxva, zogisaTvis tyeSi gaseirneba,
sxvaTaTvis _ Tevzaoba da a.S.. aseTi moTxovnebis
Sesabamisad turistuli momsaxurebis praqtikaSi n.
garaninma da i. buliginam1 Camoayalibes animaciis Semdegi
saxeebi, romlebic turistis sxvadasxva moTxovnebs
akmayofileben:
animacia moZraobaSi _ akmayofilebs Tanamedrove
adamianis moZraobis moTxovnas, siamovnebasTan, sasiamovno
gancdebTan erTad.
animacia gancdebiT _ akmayofilebs moTxovnas axlis,
1
. ., . . ,
, , 2002, . 14
124
ucnobis, moulodneli sirTuleebis daZlevis gancdis.

animacia urTierTobiT _ akmayofilebs moTxovnas
axal saintereso adamianebTan urTierTobaSi, _ adamianTa
Sida samyaros gaxsna da sakuTari Tavis Secnoba
komunikaciis meSveobiT.
animacia damSvidebiT _ akmayofilebs adamianTa
fsiqologiuri gantvirTvis moTxovnas yoveldRiuri
daRlilobisgan _ simSvidiT, martoobiT, bunebasTan
kontaqtiT.
kulturuli animacia _ akmayofilebs pirovnebis
sulieri ganviTarebis moTxovnas ZeglebTan da qveynis,
regionis, xalxis, eris Tanamedrove kulturis nimuSebTan
kontaqtiT.
SemoqmedebiTi animacia _ akmayofilebs adamianis
moTxovnas SemoqmedebaSi, maTi SemoqmedebiTi mxatvruli
SesaZleblobebis CvenebaSi, kontaqtebis damyarebaSi
sulierad axlo adamianebTan saerTo Semoqmedebis
meSveobiT.
rogorc wesi, animaciuri programa, amave dros, rogorc
wminda gasarTobi saqmianoba _ moicavs sxvadasxva sportul
TamaSobebs, varjiSebsa da Sejibrebebs. es kombinacia
animaciur programebs ufro naTels, sainteresosa
da janmrTelobisaTvis sasargeblos xdis, amitomac
turistuli animaciisa da sportis urTierToba yvelaze
xSirad aRwevs aRdgenisa da gamajansaRebel efeqts.
piaduSkinas mixedviT turizmSi animaciis formulaa:
interesis gamoyeneba + eqspoziciis gacocxleba +
turistebis CarTva moqmedebaSi + mravalferovani
gasarTobi1. mTavari amocanaa _ turists Seeqmnas
komforti, rom misTvis saintereso iyos programaSi
monawileoba, raTa mas dasveneba daamaxsovrdes rogorc
misi saukeTeso drois gatareba.
1
. ., -
, , 2011, . 39.
125
maia Rvinjilia
animators unda uyvardes Tavisi saqmianoba, vinaidan

is Zalian did energiasa da Zalisxmevas moiTxovs. kargi
animatori nebismieri RonisZiebis warmatebis naxevaria.
turistuli animaciis saboloo mizania turisti
kmayofili iyos dasvenebiT, miiRos dadebiTi emociebi,
SeZlos moraluri da fizikuri Zalis aRdgena. swored
es aris turistuli animaciis mniSvnelovani rekreaciuli
funqcia.
saqarTvelos turistul sivrceSi animaciuri
programebis CarTuloba turistuli produqtis
`gacocxlebis~ xelSemwyobi faqtori gaxdeba. arsebuli
mimarTulebebi nel-nela ikidebs fexs Cvens realobaSi,
Tumca masStabebi imdenad mcirea, rom turistul dekors
ver cvlis.
saqarTvelo, rogorc uZvelesi kulturisa da
civilizaciis qveyana, romelic stumar-maspinZlobis
mdidari gamocdilebiT gamoirCeva, animaciebis
warmoebisaTvis did resursul potencials flobs.
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia qarTuli folklori da
qoreografia, romlebic turizmis warmoebisaTvis erT-
erT mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgenen.
Tanamedrove qarTuli saxelmwifos prioritetuli
turistuli politikis `promouSenis~ erT-erT mTavar
winapirobas warmoadgens kargad `SefuTuli~ da
mravalferovani asortimentis mqone turproduqtis
warmoeba. animaciac swored is saSualebaa, romelic
yvelaze ukeT warmoaCens konkretul geografiul
arealSi lokalizebul turistul resurss. miznobrivi
scenarebis dagegmva-warmoeba, romelSic qarTuli
eTnografiuli Canaxatebis farTo speqtri iqneba
CarTuli, optimalurad uzrunvelyofs turproduqtis
xarisxobrivi maxasiaTeblebis warmoCenas.
qarTul turistul produqtSi animaciis mTavar
resurss vizualuri efeqtebis miznobriv mayurebelze
(turistze) koncentracia warmoadgens. animators unda
126
hqondes informacia potenciuri turistebis sqesis,

asakisa da profesiis Sesaxeb. gasaTvaliswinebelia
agreTve nacionaluri kulturebis Taviseburebani,
saerTo da ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi. kerZod, Tu romeli
kulturis (`dasavleTis~, àRmosavleTis~, ìslamuri~,
`Savi, anu afrikuli~ da sxva) da nacionaluri klasteris
warmomadgenelia turisti da a.S..
mniSvnelovania animaciis warmoebis procesSi turistis
CarTulobac. vinaidan turisti, romelic aqtiurad
monawileobs mocemuli scenaris SesrulebaSi, garda
garTobisa, mocemul regionSi aprobirebuli istoriuli
yofiTi kulturis unar-Cvevebs iZens. igi am scenaris
realizaciis procesSi mocemuli geografiuli arealisa
da eTnografiuli sivrcis moqmedi gmiri xdeba.
saqarTvelos istoriuli tradiciebi, saero da
saeklesio dResaswaulebi, Rvinis moxmarebis kultura,
Zveli sabrZolo bataliebis arealebi, materialuri
memkvidreobis Zeglebi da sxva erovnuli TviTmyofadobis
mqone adgilebi swored im resursTa nusxas ganekuTvneba,
romelTa CarTulobac animaciis programaSi TiToeuli
am produqtis popularizacias Seuwyobs xels. swored
amitom saqarTvelos turoperatorul kompaniebsa da
turistul saagentoebSi turproduqtis warmoebisas
animaciebis CarTuloba misi xarisxobrivi maxasiaTeblis
gaumjobesebasa da mocemuli firmebisaTvis iribi reklamis
warmoebas uzrunvelyofs. saqarTveloSi animaciuri
saqmianoba xorcieldeba ramodenime sastumroSi.
magaliTad, daba grigoleTSi sastumro àndamatSi~
komfortulad dasvenebisa da garTobisTvis zrunaven
ucxoeli animatorebi; bazaleTis sastumro kompleqsSi
stumrebs emsaxurebian animatorebi. aq erTnairad erToba
da isvenebs sxvadasxva asakisa da interesebis mqone
adamiani; nunisis parkis teritoriaze mdebare sastumro
`samTaSi~ patarebs arToben animatorebi, romelTa mier
SemuSavebuli gasarTobi programa sxvadasxva saintereso
127
maia Rvinjilia
TamaSs moicavs; CaqvSi sastumro oazisSi Seqmnilia

miznobrivi animaciuri programebi. turistTa garTobisa
da kargi ganwyobisaTvis sqesis, asakisa da hobis
Sesabamisad Sedgenilia sportuli, sabavSvo da saRamos
animacia. programis xarisxobriv amaRlebas uzrunvelyofs
ukrainidan specialurad Camoyvanil animatorTa jgufi,
romlebic maRal profesiul gamocdilebas uziareben
damwyeb qarTvel animatorebs.
turistuli animaciis mniSvneloba turistuli
produqtis xarisxisa da mimzidvelobis gaumjobesebaSi,
masze moTxovnis zrdaSi da Sesabamisad, turistuli
saqmianobis efeqturobis, momgebianobis da Semosavlianobis
gaumjobesebaSi mdgomareobs.
animaciuri momsaxureba aris stumrebis mozidvis
erT-erTi yvelaze efeqturi saSualeba. es damatebiTi
momsaxureba saSualebas aZlevs damsvenebels, miiRos
dadebiTi emociebi da iyos dasvenebiT kmayofili, raTa
mas gauCndes am adgilas kvlav dabrunebis survili.
128
dodo WumburiZe,
kulturis menejmentis mimarTulebis doqtoranti,
sakonferencio Tema
xelmZRvaneli _ asoc. prof. nino sanadiraZe
Teatris sakomunikacio strategia

miznobriv jgufebTan*
(mayureblis mozidvis da àRfrTovanebis~ koncefcia)
Teatris mayurebelTa arealis gafarToeba da interesis

gaRvivebaze msjeloba Teatris potenciuri mayureblis
damokidebulebaTa Seswavlis gareSe saTuoa. Tumca
arsebobs Teoriuli aspeqtebi, romelzec statistikuri
maCveneblebis gareSec SeiZleba msjeloba.
mayurebeli yovelTvis iyo da darCeba problemad, misi
damokidebuleba xelovnebisadmi ganpirobebulia araerTi
faqtoriT. xSirad rTuli da urTierTsawinaaRmdegoa
mxatvruli nawarmoebis aRqmis procesi.
kulturis sferoSi Seqmnili produqti
gansakuTrebulia. misi gansakuTrebuloba mdgomareobs
imaSi, rom sxva produqtebisagan gansxvavebiT Tavad
qmnis moTxovnilebas. Tumca sabazro ekonomikis
princi pebi kulturis sferozec axdens gavlenas da
garkveuli kulturuli produqtebi da RonisZiebebi
swored, rom momxmarebelTa moTxovnaTa da survilebis
gaTvaliswinebiT iqmneba.
`xelovnebis dargebidan Teatri yvelaze gasageb,
yvelaze misawvdom enaze marTavs saubars miznobriv
jgufebTan~.1 Teatraluri xelovneba, upirveles yovlisa,
mayurebelTan kavSirs moiazrebs. Teatri zemoqmedebs
* mimdinarestatia avtorma wakiTxa saqarTvelos SoTa rusTave-
lis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitetSi 2012 wels
Catarebuli konferenciis `saxelovnebo procesebi (1960-2000)~
araTematur seqciaSi.
1
SalutaSvili al., _ `ra aris Teatri~, Tb. 1977, gv. 6.
129
dodo WumburiZe
mayurebelze, ayalibebs mis sulier samyaros, xels uwyobs

mis ideur-esTetikur aRzrdas.
Teatraluri xelovneba exmaureba mimdinare cxovrebis
ritms. igi xvdeba konkretuli drois satkivars, aqtualur
sakiTxebs da reagirebs wamoWrili problemebis gadaWris
gzebze. Teatri masebze ideologiuri da esTetikuri
zemoqmedebis mZlavri iaraRia.
`dasrulebuli speqtakli Teatraluri saqmianobis
produqtia, romelic, rogorc yvela danarCeni produqti,
saWiroebs kulturis sferos produqtebisaTvis
aucilebeli sasicocxlo ciklis fazebis gavlas
(produqtis gatana bazarze, zrda, bazris gajereba, kleba
_ moTxovnilebis vardna)~.1 speqtakli warmoadgens ara
mxolod repertuaris nawils an mxatvrul nawarmoebs,
aramed produqts, romlis realizaciac unda moxdes
kulturul bazarze. is iwyebs arsebobas mxolod maSin,
rodesac sazogadoebisaTvis xdeba xelmisawvdomi.
speqtaklis aRqmis procesi qmnis situacias, sadac
calkeul individebs Soris myardeba fsiqologiur-
mxatvruli kavSiri, igi ganapirobebs msgavs gancdebs.
swored amis Semdgom iqmneba garkveuli erTianoba, iqmneba
erTiani sistema, romelic SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc
socialuri jgufi. am jgufisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia
msgavsi interesebi, molodini da gancda. am jgufis
erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli niSania misi xanmokleoba.
speqtaklis damTavrebis Semdeg mayurebelTa jgufi
iSleba. mayurebelTa erT jgufs cvlis mayurebelTa
meore jgufi.
`xelovnebis yoveli nawarmoebi TavisTavSi or
ZiriTad moments _ nawarmoebis Seqmnisa da aRqmis
moments Seicavs. yoveli xelovani, iqneba is mxatvari
Tu musikosi, mwerali Tu msaxiobi, qmnis ara TavisTvis
aramed sxvisTvis, mayureblisTvis, mkiTxvelisTvis.
1
sanadiraZe n., `kulturis sferos proeqtebis menejmenti da
dagegmareba~, Tb., 2011, gv. 76.
130
Teatris sakomunikacio strategia miznobriv jgufebTan
amitom nawarmoebis Seqmnis procesi TavisTavSi aRqmis

processac iTvaliswinebs. xelovnebis nebismier dargSi
mayurebeli mza nawarmoebs Rebulobs. mas mxolod misi
aRqma SeuZlia da ara zemoqmedebis moxdena, TeatrSi ki
mayurebeli speqtaklis Seqmnis uSualo Tanamonawilea.
mayureblis gareSe ar arsebobs Teatri, iseve, rogorc
Teatri ar arsebobs msaxiobis gareSe. stanislavskis
sityvebs Tu moviSveliebT: `mayureblis Seswavla iseve
aucilebelia, rogorc msaxiobis scenuri grZnobisa~.1
Teatris menejers Zalze saTuTi produqti abaria,
maszea damokidebuli xelovnebisa da kulturisadmi
sazogadoebis interesis gaRviveba da SenarCunebac.
warmatebis miRwevis yovelgvari mcdeloba uSedego iqneba,
Tu Teatris menejeri umTavres prioritetad auditorias
ar ganixilavs. kargi organizebis, finansebis moZiebis,
mxatvruli programis SerCevis, reklamirebisa Tu Sida
urTierTobaTa mowesrigebis umTavresi mizani swored
auditoriis molodinis gamarTleba da moTxovnaTa
dakmayofilebaa.
mayureblis cneba mravlis momcvelia da amitom
misi Seswavla mravali aspeqtiT aris SesaZlebeli.
TeatrisaTvis mayurebeli aris obieqti, romlisTvisac
iqmneba speqtakli. igi gansazRvruli esTetikuri
gemovnebis, Sexedulebis mqonea.
`mayurebelTan urTierToba marto erTmaneTisaTvis
raRacis gaziareba ki ar aris, aramed urTierTSi raRacis
Secvlaa.
Teatraluri procesis unikaloba msaxiobis
scenuri Semoqmedebisa da mayureblis urTierTkavSiris
Sedegia~.2
`speqtaklis mayurebelTa~ specifika mdgomareobs
1
javaSvili g., qvarcxava r., TeatrmcodneobiTi Ziebani, samecniero
Sromebis krebuli, `Teatraluri sociologiis sagani da amocanebi,
Tb., 1978-1979, gv. 364 .
2
TumaniSvili m., `sanam repeticia daiwyeba~, Tb., 2008, gv. 25.
131
dodo WumburiZe
msaxiobebTan kontaqtSi, ris Sedegadac mayurebeli

xdeba scenuri cxovrebis Tanamonawile da ganicdis
scenaze nanaxs. swored am dros iqmneba speqtaklisaTvis
aucilebeli kavSir-ukukavSiri mayurebelsa da msaxiobebs
Soris.
mayurebelma darbazi xelovnebasTan ziarebis Sedegad
miRebuli amaRlebuli ganwyobiT unda datovos Seusabamo
atmosferom an momsaxurebis dabalma donem uaryofiTi
gavlena ar unda moaxdinos mayurebelze da xeli ar
unda SeuSalos mas warmodgenis srulyofilad aRqmaSi.
Teatris menejmenti miznobriv jgufTan urTierTobisas
unda iTvaliswinebdes auditoriis: asaks, inteleqts,
socialur da materialur mdgomareobas.
arsebobs ori saxis auditoria: pasiuri da aqtiuri.
pasiurSi igulisxmeba is adamianebi, romlebsac zerele da
uintereso damokidebuleba gaaCniaT informaciis mimarT.
aqtiur auditorias ganekuTvnebian adamianebi, romlebic
aqtiurad arian CarTulebi informaciis miRebis procesSi,
isini damatebiT informacias eZeben produqtis Sesaxeb.
aqtiuri auditoriisTvis gankuTvnili informacia unda
iyos detaluri Sinaarsis, xolo pasiuri auditoriis
ufro kreatiuli da `madisaRmZvreli~. Teatris samizne
auditoriaSi mayureblis orive ti pi erTiandeba,
amitom mniSvnelovania sakomunikacio instrumentis
gamoyeneba srulfasovani sainformacio kampaniisaTvis,
romelic efeqturad imuSavebs rogorc pasiur, aseve
aqtiur auditoriasTan. sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis
strategiaSi mkafiod unda ganisazRvros mizani _ risi
miReba surs organizacias momxmareblisagan anu Teatrs
mayureblisagan. situaciis analizi Teatris menejments
aseve daexmareba mosalodneli Sedegebis ganWvretaSi
da im safrTxeebis Tavidan acilebaSi, romelic eWvqveS
ayenebs sasurveli Sedegis miRwevas.
Tanamedrove marketinguli koncefciebi aRiareben,
rom organizaciebis, maT Soris kulturis sferoSi
132
moqmedi organizaciebis mizani, aris is, rom maqsimalurad

daakmayofilon momxmarebelTa moTxovnilebebi, magram
amasTanave ar miayenon ziani sazogadoebas, romlis winaSec
Teatrs aqvs aRiarebuli socialuri pasuxismgebloba. es,
upirveles yovlisa, gamoixateba kulturis produqciis
(am SemTxvevaSi speqtaklis) xarisxis kontrolSi.
marketingi aSkarad konkurentuli procesia, romelic
cdilobs momxmarebels, am SemTxvevaSi mayurebels,
miawodos saWiro produqti speqtaklis saxiT da amasTan
miiRos sargebeli.
`tom petersi avtori wignisa `SevicnoT
momxmarebeli~ gvimtkicebs: mzardi konkurencia niSnavs,
rom Cven momxmareblis dasakmayofileblad meti moZraoba
gvesaWiroeba, miznad ki momxmareblis (am SemTxvevaSi
mayureblis) àRfrTovaneba~ unda davisaxoT~.1
Teatris sakomunikacio strategiaSi Tavidanve
unda ganisazRvros, rom mayureblisaTvis gagzavnili
Setyobineba maTTvis gasagebi da misaRebia. sazogadoebasTan
urTierTobis specialist devid terkelsenis azriT:
ìmisTvis, rom Setyobineba miiRos samizne auditoriam,
Setyobineba unda iyos mkafio da SeZlos mii pyros
auditoriis yuradReba. aseve unda iyos sarwmuno,
dasamaxsovrebeli da moqmedebis mastimulirebeli,
romelime am komponentis uqonloba mTeli Setyobinebis
marcxs niSnavs~.
àuditoriis gacnobierebulobisa da Setyobinebis
gagebasTan mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli auditoriis
aRqmisa da damokidebulebis cvlileba. am cvlilebis
dadgenis ZiriTad teqnikad miiCneva e. w. ZiriTadi xazis
kvleva~. ZiriTad xazis kvleviT xdeba auditoriis
damokidebulebisa da sazogadoebrivi azris Seswavla
sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis kampaniis dawyebamde, misi
1
raisi q., SevicnoT momxmarebli (momxmareblis qceva), Tb., 2001, gv.
5.
133
dodo WumburiZe
msvlelobisas da misi damTavrebis Semdeg~.1

mesijis (sakvanZo ideis) Camoyalibeba da miznobriv
jgufebSi gavrceleba sakomunikacio strategiis
Semadgeneli nawilia. sakvanZo idea warmatebad miiCneva,
rodesac sazogadoeba Rebulobs mas.
komunikacia sasicocxlod aucilebelia nebismieri
sferosTvis, maT Soris _ kulturis sferosTvis.
igi Tanamedrove organizaciuli sistemis swori
funqcionirebis erT-erTi umTavresi pirobaa.
komunikaciaTa nakadi gansazRvravs organizaciis
ganviTarebis mimarTulebasa da dinamikas.
mniSvnelovania ukukavSiri mayureblisgan. ukukavSiris
gagebisTvis arsebobs ormxrivi komunikacia. calmxrivi
komunikacia mxolod avrcelebs informacias gamgzavnidan
mimRebamde. is ar aris efeqturi. ufro Sedegiania
ormxrivi komunikacia, romlis Sedegadac dialogi
myardeba gamgzavnsa da mimRebs Soris.
komunikacia miznad isaxavs sakvanZo ideebisa da
mniSvnelovani informaciis gadagzavnas erTi gonebidan
meoreSi. Setyobinebis gadacema-miRebis procesSi erT-
erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria auditoriis azri.
socialuri qselebi ormxrivi komunikaciis kargi
saSualebaa, radgan iTvaliswinebs interaqtiul
saubrebs. onlain samyaroSi urTierTobiT momxmareblebi
srulad akontroleben TavianT gamocdilebas da isini
motivirebulni arian daukavSirdnen sxva momxmareblebs
am gamocdilebis gasaziareblad. am SemTxvevaSi isini
ufro `marketerebi~ arian, vidre momxmareblebi.
socialur qselebSi Cadebul investiciebze ukugdeba
yovelTvis ar SeiZleba gaizomos fulad erTeulebSi,
organizaciis cnobadoba SeiZleba aseve Sefasdes
wevrebis/fanebis raodenobiT, STabeWdilebis raodenobiT
aqtiuri momxmarebelTa ricxovnobiT, komentarebisa da
1
uilkoqsi d., kameroni g., `sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis strategia
da praqtika~, Tb., 2011, gv. 205.
134
,,laiqebis~ raodenobiT, xmis gavrceleba _ kedelze

gagzavnili postebiT, megobrebis mowvevebze reagirebebis
raodenobiT da a. S.
oTxi ZiriTadi motivi amoZravebs momxmarebels
socialuri mediis gamoyenebisas, esenia: dakavSireba, Seqmna,
moxmareba da kontroli.
Teatris menejerma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom
socialur media ar aris tradiciuli marketinguli
komunikaciis erT-erT saSualeba. socialuri media-
garemos Tavad momxmareblebi akontroleben.
TiTqmis yvela moqmed qarTul Teatrs aqvs Facebook
is gverdi, es kargia da ukeTesi iqneba, meti Zalisxmeva
rom daixarjos maT efeqturad gamoyenebaze, kerZod,
mayurebelTa mozidvaze da damokidebulebaTa kontrolze.
mayureblis informirebasTan erTad, droulad unda
moxdes dasmul SekiTxvebze pasuxis gacema da mayurebelTa
interesis SeZlebisdagvarad dakmayofileba.
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare Facebook-i unda
marTos kompetenturma pirovnebam, romelic Rirseulad
warmoaCens Teatris imijs da reputacias. rogorc amboben
_ ar arsebobs cudi SekiTxvebi, arsebobs cudi pasuxebi
da imavdroulad, arsebobs cudi kiTxvebisgan Tavis
aridebis gzebi da xerxebi. es yvelaferi kompetenciasa
da gamocdilebas iTxovs.
socialur media-garemoSi marketerebs unikaluri
SesaZleblobebi eZlevaT _ SeimuSaon socialuri media-
programebi, romlebic mibmuli iqneba Teatris, rogorc
brendis, cnobadobasTan, klientis brendTan dakavSirebasa
da xmis gavrcelebasTan.
socialuri qselebis ukidegano SesaZleblobebis
miuxedavad, igi ver Caanacvlebs organizaciis veb-
gverds. `veb-gverdebi erTmaneTisagan Sinaarsobrivad da
Tvisobrivad gansxvavdebian. veb-gverdis yvelaze mTavari
ti pi korporaciuli veb-gverdia. igi iqmneba myidvelis
135
dodo WumburiZe
keTilganwyobis Sesaqmnelad _ ufro, rogorc gayidvis

sxva arxebis damatebad, vidre kompaniis produqciis
pirdapiri gayidvisaTvis~.1 misi meSveobiT organizaciebs
SeuZliaT mouTxron internetmomxmareblebs da miznobriv
jgufebs sakuTari saqmianobis Sesaxeb, gamoaqveynon
proeqtebi, daicvan sakuTari pozicia.
Teatris veb-gverdi unda iyos aRqmadi, informaciuli,
kreatiuli da ara zedmetad `gadapranWuli~. swored
amitom igi unda Seqmnas profesionalma. kargi veb-gverdi
niSnavs, rom minimum erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi ar gaxdeba
saWiro axali funqciebis damateba an/da misi mTlianad
gadakeTeba.
maqsimaluri yuradReba unda mieqces dizains da
navigaciis struqturas. aseve gverdze mocemuli
informacia unda iyos kompaqturi da mokle. mTavria, rom
veb-gverdze mocemuli informacia xSirad axldebodes
da dauSvebelia sakontaqto informaciis uzustoba (ar
miTiTeba) sxva SemTxvevaSi misi arseboba azrs kargavs.
denis uilkoqsis ganmartebiT: sazogadoebasTan
urTierToba aris marTvis funqcia, romelic afasebs
sajaro, sazogadoebriv damokidebulebebs, ayalibebs
pirovnebis an organizaciis midgomebsa da procedurebs
sazogadoebrivi interesis mimarT da gegmavs da
aRasrulebs moqmedebaTa programas sazogadoebrivi
gageba-mxardaWerisa da moTminebis mopovebis mizniT~.
sareklamo kampania, rarig momxibvleli da kreatiuli
ar unda iyos, erTjeradad sakmarisi ver iqneba produqtis/
speqtaklis popularizebis, an/da misi myidvelunarianobis
gasazrdelad. erTguli mayureblis wasaxaliseblad aseve
araa sakmarisi erTjeradi waxaliseba. sakomunikacio
strategia da aseve loialuri momxmareblis waxalisebis
strategia unda iyos droSi gawerili da Teatris mTavar
1
amstrongi g., kotleri f., `marketingis safuZvlebi, Tb., 2006, meS-
vide gamocema, gv. 604.
136
mizanze orientirebuli. pasuxi unda gaeces Semdeg

kiTxvebs: vin gvinda iyos `Cveni Teatris~ mayurebeli?
da ras viTxovT Cveni erTguli mayureblisgan?~
xSirad saWiro xdeba erTi da imave produqtis
win wasawevad ramdenime saxis reklamis Seqmna, raTa
momxmareblisaTvis mosabezrebeli ar iyos erTi da
igive saxis reklama da sareklamo mesijebi. sareklamo
Setyobinebebis da maTi SeTavazebis cvla saWiroa maSin,
Tu produqtze moTxovna iklebs. produqtis arasaTanado
xarisxi masze moTxovnis klebis winapirobaa. swored
amitom,rodesac warmatebul Sedegze varT orientirebuli,
arasdros unda dadges eWvqveS produqtis/speqtaklis
xarisxi.
organizaciebi, maT Soris kulturis sferoSi
moRvawe organizaciebi, yoveli axali produqtis/
speqtaklis waxalisebasa da popularizebas axorcielebs
erTiani sakomunikacio strategiis mixedviT, romelic
moicavs: sazogadoebasTan urTierTobas (PR), reklamas
da individualur gayidvebs. yovelive zemoaRniSnulis
Sedegad vRebulobT produqtze moTxovnis zrdas.
Cven gvesmis, rom Teatris arseboba mayureblis gareSe
warmoudgenelia, swored amitom, Teatris sakomunikacio
strategiis avtorebma (marketingis da sazogadoebasTan
urTierTobis specialistma) unda daiwyon mayureblis
waxaliseba. `marketingis cnobili instrumentis
gamoyenebiT kulturis menejerebs SeuZliaT miiqcion
Tavisi programebisadmi imaTi yuradReba, vinc ar
warmoadgens kulturis mayurebels, anu adamians,romelsac
ar gaaCnia mudmivi moTxovnileba kulturisadmi~.1
Teatri unda daexmaros mayurebels _ gauCndes
siamayisa da gansakuTrebulobis gancda, radgan is `Tqveni
Teatris~ mayurebelia.
1
dragiCeviC-SeSiCi m., stoikoviCi b., `kultura, menejmenti, animacia,
marketingi~, Tb., 2007, gv. 157.
137
dodo WumburiZe
yoveli mayurebeli erTsa da imave dros ramodenime

jgufs miekuTvneba, rogorc formalurs, aseve
araformalursac. yoveli maTgani aiZulebs maT garkveul
valdebulebebs, _ qcevis wesebis dacvas. mizezebi,
romelTa gamo adamianebi Tavs ama Tu im jgufebs
akuTvneben, an sakuTar Tavs jgufebSi pouloben, _
sxvadasxvaa. zogierTi mizezi Segnebuli da winaswar
dagegmilia, zogierTi ki situaciuri an viTarebaze
damokidebuli.
arsebobs loialuri da potenciuri momxmareblis
waxalisebis strategia. erTnairad ar unda davajildovoT
èrTguli~ da `Cveulebrivi~ momxmarebeli. loialurma
mayurebelma unda igrZnos, rom mis erTgulebas afasebs
Teatris administracia.
wasaxaliseblad aprobirebuli meTodia fasdaklebisa
da dagrovebis baraTebi, es ukanaskneli gvexmareba
davajildovoT momxmarebeli, gansakuTrebiT isini, vinc
mets ixdian.
Teatris administracia loialuri programis
SemuSavebisas, yovel meore Tu yovel mesame vizitis Semdeg,
daasaCuqrebs Tu ara mayurebels, es misi gadasawyvetia.
erTi ram Tavidanve unda iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli: nu
SehpirdebiT mayurebels imas, rasac ver SeusrulebT _
es maT yvelaze metad gaaRizianebT. aseve loialuri
programis SemuSaveba TavisTavSi moiazrebs moqnili
bazis Seqmnas, sadac Tavmoyrili iqneba Teatris yvela
erTguli momxmarebeli. erTguli momxmarebeli nebismieri
kulturis sferoSi moRvawe organizaciis, maT Soris
Teatris `ganZia~. maT ukeT esmis Tqven mier gagzavnili
sakvanZo idea/mesiji da Zalisxmevas ar daiSurebs,
referentul jgufebTan daicvas Tqveni interesebi.
loialuri momxmareblebi TavianTi damokidebulebis
sanacvlod Rebuloben èrTgulebis tituls~ da garkveul
waxalisebas. rac ufro mastimulirebelia waxaliseba,
138
miT ufro aZlierebs Teatri maT mijaWvulobas.

Tanamedrove sabazro ekonomikis erT-erTi mTavari
princi pi _ `momxmarebeli aris mefe~ _ SeiZleba Teatris
magaliTzec ganvazogadoT. Teatris menejmenti unda
cdilobdes, erTgul mayureblebs gauCndes upiratesobisa
da gansakuTrebulobis gancda, radgan is `Tqveni Teatris
mayurebelia~. aRniSnuli midgoma Teatrs daexmareba
pasiuri mayureblis loialur mayureblad gardaqmnaSi
da zogadad mayurebelTa arealis gafarToebaSi.
139
140
THEATRE STUDIES
141
142
Maia Kiknadze,
1946 YEARS REGULATIONS - ABOUT THE REPERTOIRE

OF DRAMATIC THEATRES AND THE MEASURES FOR
THEIR IMPROVEMENT
Summary
In the work there is examined current political processes and So-

viet demands in the cultural- educational sphere. Right management
for strengthening the ideological propagandistic role was the main
task of Soviet republic.
The works held for the cultural-education used to require intro-
ducing some rules, what had been regulated by a number of means of
directives and orders. Particular attention was payed to the problem of
the tehatre repertoire.
In this point of view, the central committee of Union communist
Party published the resolution in 1946 August 26 about The reper-
toire of dramatic theatre and events for its improvement. Where had
been sharply criticized and estimated the situation of Soviet theatre.
On the basis of mentioned document, Art affair division, existing
at the Georgian SSR council of Ministers had published the regula-
tions (order# 470)
About dramatic theatre repertoire and events for its improvement
in 1946 yr October 4 in Tbilisi also, what first of all was aimed to
bring in repertoire the written modern plays about the Soviet theme.
143
Tamar Qutateladze,
Doctor of Arts
Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film Georgian State University,
Georgian theater researcher Scientific Research Center
MARY STUART AND FROM YESTERDAY???
Summary
In this work analyzed two interesting theatrical performances of

the last seasons, - on the two central theatre stage had made Mary
Stuart and From yesterday! by stage director Gocha Kapanadze.
There are many likeness and difference between in these two
performances. They clearly reply to our reality. Both of them reflect
the political process, character of the power and his opponent or a
servant of the power and society, which are feeling oppositional, and
the logical result of his choice.
At first the premiere of the performance Mary Stuart staged by
Gocha Kapanadze arranged in the Rustaveli Theatre (on the Small
Stage) on May 29, 1997. After the 15 year director had resumed
production.
There are many renovated performances in the history of
the theater, but they were not so much superior to the original
interpretations. The premiere of the renovated performance by group
of the Rustaveli Theatre, which arranged on March 14, 2012, became
distinguished in this sign too.
If in the play Mary Stuart by Friedrich Schiller created
unisons a power struggle and the state building a growing factor, in
the performance From yesterday??? by Shalva Dadiani made by
Gocha Kapamadze at the theatre group of Sukhumi on the stage of the
Marjanishvili theaters small stage before us appeared as an invaders
policies in unison, working with local officials and a traitor, the demise
of his generation, and unintentionally appeared as a his accomplice.
Headline hardened and erect by a director with three question
marks in the course of the presentation made clear that a century ago,
many of the problems escalating.
In the Georgian reality of the XXI century taking into account
possible developments, it was found to have the greatest resource
of classical dramaturgy. It creates opportunities for our directing
adequately reflects the reality of our crisis.
144
Lela Tsiphuria,
PhD of Art, Assistant-Professor, an author and head of Educational
Vocational Program Film and TV Director at Ivane Javakhishvili
Tbilisi State University
DIFFERENT INTERPRETATIONS OF ONE PLAY
Summary
Arthur Millers The Salems Trial (The Crucible) was held

at the Rustaveli theatre in February 1965. It was the first interpretation
of greatest American playwrights tragedy in Georgia.
The same year A. Miller visited Georgia and he appraised
Rustaveli theater play in such way: It is decent and not sentimental,
as Ive seen on some stages. I like it, it is rather impressive, objective,
with strong acting, full and monolitical.
Why Miller appraised young Georgian directors performance
and what role did it play in Robert Sturuas directive conception and
in formatting his creative style?
The play was premiered in a very difficult period for the Rustaveli
theatre, when its stylistic was changing. Young directors one of the
early play responded to the problems which Georgia faced in the
twentieth century. Contemporary American literature had a great
influence on Rustaveli theatre repertoire.
The Salems Trial premiered in 1994 at Marjanishvili theatre.
It was directed by Temur Chkheidze. The scenery was designed by
Shota Glurjidze.
The Salems Trial was staged for several times at the Shota
Rustaveli Theatre and Film Georgian State University. In the eighteens
of the twentieth century the play staged by Gizo Zhordania was
very popular among youngsters. Recently premiered play by Nino
Lipartiani was also very successful. Arthur Millers characters acting
caused young actors successful debut.
The article is interdisciplinary and includes the research
components of synthetic art performance.
The production, interesting roles, conceptual scenery is reviewed
according to social and political situation when the plays were
staged.
145
The objective of scientific research is to define actuality of this
play in repertory of Georgian theater, which representative method
do Georgians apply during the plays interpretation and what role
does Arthur Millers The Salems Trial (The Crucible) play in
Georgian theatrical life.
146
FILM STUDIES
147
Tamta Turmanidze,
The doctor of Art study
An associated professor of University named after Akaki Tsereteli
ALMODOVAR AND FETISHES OF CONSUMER SOCIETY
Summary
The article deals with the depiction of the fetishes of consumers

society in Pedro Almodovars films.
After the Franco dictatorship was over in Spain, the processes
which took place were known under the name of Movida` which
actually means the movement`. By eliminating the limits and
abolishing bans the society got the feeling of unlimited freedom and
the establishment of massive foreign cultural values.
Best of all it was reflected in Pedro Almodovar ironical
cinematography. In his films, this modern and nightly individual
director laughs at the new fetishes established in the consumer society:
popularization of violence, television converted in to religion and the
church which became part of mass culture. He does this based on the
Spanish Grotesque and self ironical traditions.
148
Lela Ochiauri,
Doctor of Art Studies, Full Professor
Shota Rustaveli Theatre And Film Georgian State University
BUBA CULTURE-FILM = THE GEORGIAN HISTORY +

THE GEORGIAN FILM HISTORY + FATE OF THE PERSON
IN SOVIET EPOCH
Summary
The film which I am going to talk about is related with the

Dawn of the New Georgia; construction of the new (fighter)
State; establishing of new life style; and the first years of setting up
ground for Soviet Cinematography. One of the founders of Georgian
cinematography is Nutsa (Nino) Ghoghoberidze (Khutsishvili) The
first Georgian female film-maker and the author of one of the first
Soviet fiction films.
Buba has been waiting for returning home - back to life for 80
years since it has been made.
How come that the film, despite its relevance with the soviet
ideology, censorship, GSSR resolutions and requirements, being
set to the art of cinematography and after being recognized, was
almost lost physically and even scratched out from the history of the
cinematography?
Nutsa Ghoghoberidze had spent 10 years in exile. It is natural that
the art and the name of the enemy of motherland had been destructed
and annihilated and especially from the field of cinematography.
Buba was a documentary-fiction film comprised of 5 parts,
narration of which was developed in a specific form: a tourist enjoys
the nature and the reality of Racha (one of the picturesque regions of
Georgia); he visits every corner of Racha, drinks spring water saying
a toast expressing appreciation to nature and gets introduced to the
life of the local residents. His impressions are dubbed by titles
carrying agitation character but still maintain some irony. Though the
titles are politically correct they still carry the main idea to say.
The film designer David Kakabadze just the same way as in the
film Jim Shvantee showed a very important plastic and artistic
personage, Buba. The film director together with the cameraman
and the designer of the film use the edition principles of so called
149
poetic films, which was newly invented and implemented in Georgian
cinematography like in European-American cinematography. The
emphasis is put on plastic artistic decision of the film.
They say that Nutsa Ghoghoberidze could not go up against
the power of such a big film-maker as Mikheil Kalatozishvili, the
author of the film Jim Shvantae and she actually was influenced by
his art. It was pretty natural and understandable as the language of
cinematography was in the process of development at that time and
the film-makers were seeking, experimenting, and discovering new
faces by using existing experience of different forms and qualities.
Culture-film such as Buba in given case according to
different viewpoints is a cognitive, propagandist, agitating film,
which on one hand introduces Racha (one of the picturesque regions
of Georgia), its nature and curing mineral waters; and on the other
hand, it describes hard life in Racha mountains and in General in old
Georgia. According to the film existing social and physical hardship
is supposed to be replaced by new Georgia the old to be replaced
by the new, joyful existence of happy people and new industrial
constructions . . .
Such method opposing new with old was a way of expression
characterized for the first decades of the Soviet movie development and
an obligatory decision at the same time. People were to be convinced
what an amazing life the new era brought to them and film-makers
were the ones who were supposed to do so.
Nutsa Ghoghoberidze as a film-maker was a victim of the era from
this point of view and she had to follow the force of fate, which had
no detaining dams, except, she could use only one way: before
30-ies of XX century she still could oppose the ideological servitude
by the means of decision of artistic tasks by using plastic, creatively
aesthetic cinematographic modes.
Buba is an example of such opposition and creative quest.
150
UNIVERSITY S Ph.D PROGRAM
Maka Vasadze,
PhD Student of the Theatre Study Direction
Head of the program: Prof. Mikheil Kalandarishvili
ROBERT STURUAS GEORGIAN SHAKESPEARIAN

Part II
KING LEAR
Summary
Struggling for power and thrown is also reflected in the Macbeth

too. The crown for what the ruthless struggle is unleashed, again ends
for the benefit of vicious and merciless person The human sins
and purity was revealed more sharply in this performance. Directing
language of Robert Sturua in Macbeth is far from existing scenic
relationships, and vital details. As if, everything here is going on the
bound of utter tenseness. Performance isnt loaded with effects, but a
viewer feels directors inexhaustible fantasy at the same time. Existing
country around Macbeth is striving for the power in the performance.
Now one is sinless in this Universe. Everyone is equal and all dream
about the crown. In the struggle for Royal crown, sometimes one wins
sometimes the other.
In the Macbeth of Robert Sturua Zaza Papuashvilis Macbeth
and Nino Kasradzes lady Macbeth are younger than they are in the
play, their surrounding is rejuvenated also.
Macbeth has got heroic and famous past according to Shakespeare.
There is no past in the interpretation of Robert Sturua. As if, he gets in
this world without having his past, any he must get know himself by
the struggle and aggression.
To go the different way is characteristic for Robert Sturuas
theatre language and theatre esthetics. At the same time he manages
to describe his intention. Even in this case, Robert Sturuas magic
women are the formal art method, metaphor.
Evil and kindness arent sharply isolated in the performance,
151
as there is erased bound between alive or dead. Dead people arent
buried in the Macbeth. As if they are thrown on a huge landfill.
Once killed persons again continue their life not only in the dreams
of Macbeth and his wife, but also in reality. They are rising from the
dead for their personal revenge; kindness and justice are far from
these people. Devil of Macbeth makes once killed people being in the
group of opposition. Life and death is united against Macbeths devil.
The clowns of Shakespeare are different in Sturuas performances.
In this case the clown is an obedient, ingratiated subordinated
person, who has absolutely lost his human dignity. Robert Sturua and
choreographer Gia Marghania created Macbeths and lady Macbeths
unusual plastic draft. They raised tragic and strange love of this couple
from the death. Simultaneous spreading of several actions on the stage
is characteristic for the theatre language of director Robert Sturua. It
happens in Macbeth too. It is enough if we remember the episode,
when Malcolm and his partners are planning conspiracy against
Macbeth on one side of the stage, but on the other side of the stage
there is frightened lady Macbeths feeling of regret and mortal agony.
Metaphorical understanding of the action of the personages is
significant for Robert Sturua. The talk is about the accent of so called
Evil hands of the active persons. Hands are disclosing intentions of
the heroes in some episodes.
The fact is significant that in the end of the performance the
director even stopped Macbeth of playing football with cut head of
human. It was the metaphorical method of director.
152
Aleko Gelashvili,
PhD student,
The history and Theory of choreographic Art,
Head of the program: Prof. Anano Samsonadze
DANCING-PRAYING FIGURES
Summary
The symbol (phallus) of masculine power of fecundation and its

unusual condition such as high uplifted hands, which was depicted on
the pottery fragment had been identified among the anthropomorphic
figures characteristic signs, which could be perceived as the gesture
of the prayer and also the dancers pose. Among these figures, most
of all, the dynamics is noticeable in the case of depicted figures on
the fragments of the dish was founded on Arukhlo and on the hill of
Imiri, with having black surface. The hands of Arukhlo Gori figures
are given in completely open and extremely strained situation,holding
away from himself. The same could be said about the legs, as if, the
figures are in the posture of jumping.
The hands of Imiri Gori figure are high uplifted. The legs come
out from the body with the angle of approximately 45 degree and it is
so bent in the joint of the knee, as if he is squatted down. (in so called
plies).
If we attentively look at the figure of Imiri Gori, we could see
him in the movable condtion. It is obvious, that body burden is not
equally divided on the both feet, body is moved on the right from us,
accordingly the body burden had been moved on the left leg, so right
leg could be in the air.
If it could be possible to change the condition of the legs of Imiri
dish fragments figure of having black surface, i.e. moving the body
burden from the figures left leg to the right one and such action
could be repeated for the several times, we will obviously get the
Two steps dance movement of figure with uplifted hands. Similar
examples of Imir-Arukhlo Goris human images are found in many
parts of the world, but the Georgian anthropomorphic figures reveal
iconographic similarities to the figures given on the rock relief of
153
Val Camonica.This similarity indicates the level of creative
development (not only creative) of the modeler and cutter of these
figures, the authors of being far from each other used to imagine the
parts of the human body and it wasequally carried out on unconscious
ground. It is also important that dancing praying figures of Imiri and
Arukhlo Gori ichnographically resembles and relates to the image
of Quncula the first sign of Oznis pottery Bowl, dated back to the
Bronze age Eneolith and to Rekhis dancing monster dated by
IX-VII centuries BC. By N. Vacheishvili.
154
Mzia Zautashvili,
PhD student, Performing Art, TV directing,
Head of the program: Prof. Sandro Vakhtangovi
WHERE HAS THE AUDIENCE DISAPPEARED?
Summary
TV field stands in the face of Global changes. The experts of

broadcasting technologies couldnt have broadcasted the future image
of TV yet. The hologram Television had been already invented in
the technical components, which lays on the table like a sheet and
projection of visual is in the space form of communication with
audience and also content is the material of analysis. If until know,
the monopolist of spreading information and forming the opinion of
society used to be the professional journalists and media-persons, now
internet equalized everyone.
Anyone can use communicative space by sharing his own opinion,
stories and chosen materials.
Formally, two poles of mass- media exist: Media of commercial
structure and authority traditional TV broadcasting and the media of
society in the form of Social Network by the all statistics. It is clear,
that the viewer chooses Social network for communication. Old age
category and the low- income segment of society remains to TVs.
The popularity of internet and especially Social communication
increases from year to year. Traditional TV broadcasting stays without
audience and time to time loses its sense.
There is an opinion, that the future of TV is in the sites with attached
version of the multi-functional communicating gadget. Viewer could
choose the program at any time, convenient and interesting for him.
Today, if it is interesting to get know where the viewer is, answer
is simple, the audience is in an interesting space for him. We should
ask the question otherwise Where is TV? Moreover, where is the
Georgian TV?
155
Natia Meparishvili,
PhD Student
Head of the program: Prof. Zvizd Dolidze
STEVEN SPIELBERG THE AMERICAN DREAM
Summary
Born on December 17 1946 in Cincinnati, Spielbergs childhood

was fairly mobile, including time spent in Northern California and
most famously Phoenix, Arizona. Countless interviews with him,
especially up until The Color Purple, (although his interviews for
Saving Private Ryan returned to the Phoenix years) testify to his time
in Phoenix being when he discovered filmmaking, rapidly writing and
directing his own short films, including Escape to Nowhere and
most famously Firelight, his three-hour epic which he even managed
to have screened locally at a cinema. In a 1985 interview with Time
magazine and a piece of self-penned material, Spielberg explained
how I dream for a living. I use my childhood and go back there for
inspiration.
At the age of twenty-one, Spielberg found himself directing
Hollywood great Joan Crawford in his first TV piece, an episode
of Night Gallery, called Eyes. From all accounts, on the shoot for
the show, Spielberg swiftly learnt that Hollywood is a relationship
business. When you consider the pattern of Spielbergs career it
seems fair to say that he has not only been a master manipulator
of audience emotion but also of the business the skullduggery of
movie-making as he once described it in one of his many infectiously
energetic interviews.
The name Spielberg brings us to what is almost too neat a meaning:
Play Mountain. It is a suitable tag for a storyteller whose films have
so often converted life into a playground, in which characters learn
and are illuminated about their own potential. His films as a whole,
as an experience, could be said to work in this way, and on many
occasions this sense of playfulness is spiked with a very vivid sense
of menace so that sometimes we do not know whether to giggle or
scream.
156
Over the years, Spielbergs films have shifted from being about
mothers caring for endangered and lost children (usually boys or even
men) to fathers learning to care for sons (and sometimes daughters),
whether literally (Hook) or more usually symbolically (Empire of the
Sun, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, Always, Indiana Jones
and the Last Crusade, Saving Private Ryan, Jurassic Park, Schindlers
List, Amistad).
Spielberg has received his fair share of criticism for his work for
being too sentimental (after ET some critics perceive his work taking
a downturn), too facile (Jurassic Park and Schindlers List in the same
year?), too focused on spectacle rather than substance, prone to happy
endings no matter how traumatic the story and its stated claims to
truth.
In more recent years Spielberg has moved away from the story
settings and images that his name-making films often drew on. Yet,
even now, almost thirty years into his career, Spielberg continues to
populate his movies.
157
Maya Gvinjilia,
Ph.D student of Culture Management,
Head of the program: Prof. Miron Tugushi
ANIMATION ACTIVITIES IN TOURISM BUSINESS
Summary
The tourist animation is comparatively a new direction in tourism.

This is an important element of specific and original tourism product
and tourism program. More and more people professionally involved
in tourism understand that accommodation, food, and transportation
services for guests are not enough. A different kind of service needs
to be included one that satisfies the spiritual needs of people. This is
precisely what tourist animation is about.
The tourist animation represents one form of service. It has as
unique objective that to let the tourists to have fun, involving them
in activity of game, dance, humour, sport and other kind of diversion.
Animation is closely related to the personality of animators. Tourist is
actively involved in action.
Animation requires a high level of professionalism. It is a well-
planned, organized, and managed tourist service. Effective animation
elevates the mood and makes tourists leisure time more meaningful.
A tourist enterprise can describe itself as successful only if it takes
into account animation and invests a substantial amount of time and
effort into its development. In most cases, animation can be the key
to success.
Animated services is one of the most effective way to attract
guests. This additional service allows visitors to get positive emotions
and be satisfied, to have a desire to return to this place again. Thus it
contributes to the hospitality image of the country.
158
Dodo Chumburidze,
Ph.D student of Management of culture
Head of the program: Asoc. Prof. Nino Sanadiradze
THEATRE COMMUNICATION STRATEGY

WITH TARGET GROUPS
(Concept of attraction and admiring of audience)
Summary
Each work of art itself means two main aspects the time of creation
and perception of work. The problem of theatres audience does not
lose the actuality. Therefore, the theme Theatre communication
strategy with target groups (Concept of attraction and admiring
of audience) is about the theatre, as a cultural products particular
characteristics and specification of target audience.
The theme also includes: what kind of influence has the principles
of market economy on the cultural sphere; how it is possible to expand
the scope of theatres audience and to rouse the interest;
What should be clear in the theatres public relations strategy and
how should encourage devotion of loyal audience;
How can be conducted the theatres communication strategy, in
order to be possible to transform the potential audience into loyal
audience.
159
160

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saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa

da kinos saxelmwifo universiteti

Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film

ART SCIENCE STUDIES

saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani #2 (55), 2013

garekanis dizaini krebulis stamburi gamocema

Art Science Studies #2 (55), 2013

Editorial Group Materials supplied for the

Cover Design Printed version of the volume is

Tel/Fax: +995 (32) 2943728

UNIVERSITY S Ph.D PROGRAM

1946 wlis debuleba

xelovanisa da saxelmwifos urTierToba, sabWoTa

Jurnalebis _ `zvezdasa~ da `leningradis~ Sesaxeb, sadac

komitetis 26 agvistos dadgenilebisa `dramatuli

`aradamakmayofilebeli~ Teatraluri cxovrebis fonze,

Sesabamisad did adgils uTmobdnen am tendencias, meore

maRali Rirebulebis ara naklebi 2-3 piesa unda

uzrunveleyoT sajaro ganxilvis wesi xelovnebis

`mariam stiuarti~ da `guSindelni???~

goCa kapanaZis mier dedaqalaqis ori centraluri

iyurebian sakuTar warsulsa da momavalSi. aseT dros,

kanonier dedoflad gamoacxada Tavi, riTac axlo

stiuartic elisabediviT martosuli, Zalauflebaze

ganawyo mudam erTguli murman jinorias daxvewili lord

ori dedoflis maradiul sasufevelSi Sexvedris scena

klasikad aRiarebul S. dadianis `guSindelnSi???~

sinamdvilis gaprotestebas, misgan Tavdaxsnas.

satusaRod qceul saqarTveloSi ki sul ufro matulobs

gankicxul axalgazrdasTan urTierTobas. isic cdilobs

mxolod mSobliuri garemodan uswrafesi ganrideba da

ixsnis da ixuravs ukve usargeblo atributad qceul

SerCenia~.1 am mxriv g. kapanaZis dadgmaSi nugzar weredianis

Teatris scenaze `facia n. faCuaSvili welSi gamarTuli,

mebukis kneina Cituniasac. vano duglaZis scenuri gmiris

erTi piesis gansxvavebuli

artur mileri meoce saukunis udides amerikel

warmomadgenelic piesis protagonisti jon proqtoria.

SeerTebuli Statebis umaRlesi saTeatro priziT, Tony

wels berlinales monawile iyo. amrigad, mkacri

es piesa Tavis mniSvnelobas ar dakargavda. ra aris 1937

dasrulda. kvleva am sakiTxs ar exeba da mxolod imas

speqtaklis aRqma dekoraciiT iwyeba. artur mileris

sawinaaRmdego arCevans akeTeben.

istoriaSi _ swored am speqtakliT iRebs saTaves. Tavad

cxadia, Temur CxeiZe kargad icnobda robert sturuas

upiratesad misi silamaze ganapirobebda. marjaniSvilis

saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis Teatrisa

Tbilisel studentTa Soris. es arc iyo gasakviri,

rigiT adamians ukompromiso gmirad Camoayalibebs,

soflis mcxovreblebis Cacmulobis Sesabamisia tyavis

moyolebuli, artur mileris am piesis personaJebis

TiTqmis 40-wliani diqtaturis Semdeg espaneTSi

albaT erT-erTi yvelaze TviTmyofadi reJisori pedro

amoZravebda _ cxovreba da kinos `keTeba~ eswavla,namdvil

yvelaze mkveTri da mudmivi obieqti. almodovaris

mizniT,Tavisi cxovrebiseuli dramis sarfianad `miyidvas~

luis bunuelma, RvTis rwmena pataraobidanve iezuitTa

gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan, magram orive maTgani, udidesi

qarTul kinomcodneobiT teqstebSi arsebobs

aqvs da es metad mniSvnelovania, ara TavisTavad, aramed

`gulagebi~ da aRarc mgznebare idealisti _ jalaTi-

skp(b)-s dadgenilebebisa da kinoxelovnebisTvis wayenebuli

realuri sinamdvilis axsnas. mxatvruli asaxvis es