Pirveladi Samedicino Daxmareba

pirveladi samedicino
daxmareba
Tbilisi 2012
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med. mec doqtori mixeil jorbenaZe
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Tamar kapanaZe
nana jaliaSvili
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studentebisaTvis
2
sarCevi
sarCevi
1. kardio-pulmonaruli renimacia, daSavebulis transportireba. Soki.

qala-tvinis tramva. sinkope. epilepsiuri gulyra SemTxvevis adgilis
usafrTxoeba/pirovnuli usafrTxoeba
..................................................................................................................................... gv
2. sisxldena. Wrilobebi da maTi saxeebi. pirveladi daxmarebis meTodebi

...................................................................................................... gv
3. moyinva da misi xarisxebi. damwvroba da misi xarisxebi. siTburi da

mzis dartyma. eleqtrotramva. pirveladi daxmarebis meTodebi.
motexilobebi, maTi saxeobebi da pirveladi daxmarebis meTodebi
moyinva(gadaciveba) .......................................................................................................................... gv
4. qimiuri iaraRi. qimiuri agentebi. qimiuri agentebi toqsikologiuri da

taqtikuri klasiikacia. organizmSi SeRwevis gzebi
....................................................................................... gv
5. nervul-paralizuri agentebi. fiziko-qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba.

organizmSi SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba
evakuaciis etapebze ................................... gv
6. kan-rezorbciuli agentebi. fiziko-qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba.

evakuaciis etapebze ................................... gv
7. sisxlis agentebi. fiziko-qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi

SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis
etapebze .............................................................. gv
8. mxuTavi agentebi. fiziko-qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi

SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino daxmareba evakuaciis
etapebze .......................................................... gv
9. cremldeni da gamaRizianebeli agentebi. fiziko-qimiuri Tvisebebi.

toqsiuroba. organizmSi SeRwevis gzebi. klinikuri suraTi. samedicino
daxmareba evakuaciis etapebze .................. gv
10. fsiqoqimiuri agentebi. fiziko-qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba.

evakuaciis etapebze ........................................................... gv
11. birTvuli iaraRi. birTvuli iaraRis damazianebeli faqtorebis

daxasiaTeba. afeTqebebi simaRlis mixedviT. samedicino daxmarebis
aRmoCenis Taviseburebebi evakuaciis etapebze ..... gv
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12. radiometruli da dozimetruli kontroli. fizikuri, klinikuri da
citogenetikuri dozimetria. radiaciis aRmoCenis Tanamedrove
saSualebebi ................................................. gv
13. dasxivebis maRali da mcire dozebis zemoqmedebis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi

adamianis organizmze, ujredebis dazianebis tipebi, qsovilTa
radiomgrZnobeloba, biodozimetria, Sinagani da garegani dasxiveba,
radionuklidebis organizmSi SeWris gzebi, samedicino daxmarebis
aRmoCenis Taviseburebebi radiaciuli incidentebis dros
............................................................................... gv
14. individualuri (m-95, m-5, sge400/3 da a.S) dacvis Tanamedrove

saSualebebi. muSaobis principi. radioproteqtorebi. koleqtiuri
Tavdacvis saSualebebi. nawilobrivi da sruli sanitaruli damuSavebis
ZiriTadi aspeqtebi .............................. gv
15.
15. saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros
mier sagangebo situaciebis dros samedicino uzrunvelyofis ZiriTadi
RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba da ganxorcielebis koordinacia ------------- gv
16. sagangebo situaciaTa marTvis samedicino formirebebisada dawesebulebebis

momarageba samedicino, sanitarul-sameurneo da specialuri masalebiTa
da saSualebebiT------------------- gv
17. samoqalaqo Tavdacva da misi amocanebi .......................................gv
18. sagangebo situaciebis marTvis erTiani saxelmwifo sistema ..................gv
19. saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli bunebrivi da teqnogenuri xasiaTis

sagangebo situaciebi ...............gv
20. Tanamedrove sabrZolo saSualebebi ................. gv
21. birTvuli iaraRi ............ gv
22. radiaqtiuri nivTierebis moqmedeba mcenareebze .............. gv
23. qimiuri iaraRi ...... gv
24. baqteriologiuri iaraRi. adamianebisa da cxovelebis daavadebis

baqteriologiuri saSualebebi ............ gv
25. Tavdasxmis Cveulebrivi iaraRebi ............... gv
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26. sagangebo situaciebis marTvis fsiqologiuri aspeqtebi .............. gv
27. panikasTan brZola .............. gv
28. miwisZvra ................ gv
29. lipyinulianoba ............ gv
30. Tovlis namqeri ............... gv
31. gvalva ........... gv
32. zvavi .......... gv
33. elva ........... gv
34. wyaldidoba ............. gv
35. Rvarcofi ............. gv
36. mewyeri .............. gv
37. tyis da torfnaris xanZari ............ gv
38. grigali, qariSxali da qarborbala ........... gv
39. radiaciuli xasiaTis avariebi ........... gv
40. qimiuri xasiaTis avariebi ........... gv
41. xanZari da afeTqebebi ............. gv
42. xalxis umarTav masebTan e.w. brbosTan urTierToba .............. gv
43. პრაქტიკული მეცადინეობა “sagangebo viTarebები და მათი შეფასების მეთოდები”

........... gv
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44. radiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebის მეთოდი .............. gv
45. radiaciuli viTarebis monacemis Sekreba da ganzogadeba ........... gv
46. radiaciuli viTarebiს შეფასების პრაქტიკული ნაგალითები ............ gv
47. Zliermoqmedi momwamvleli Sxamiani nivTierebebiT (ZmSn-iT) mowamvlis

შემთხვევაში ქიმიური ვითარების შეფასების მეთოდი ........... gv
48. ZmSn-ebis ekvivalenturi raodenobisa da moqmedebis (aorTqlebis)

xangrZlivobis gansazRvra. ................... gv
49. ZmSn-iT mowamluli zonis farTobis gansazRvra da misi geometriuli zomebis

rukaze datanis wesi ...................... gv
50. ZmSn-iT mowamluli haeris mocemul obieqtamde miaxloebis

drois gansazRvra ................... gv
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1. kardio-pulmonaruli renimacia, daSavebulis transportireba.
Soki.
qala-tvinis tramva. sinkope. epilepsiuri gulyra
SemTxvevis adgilis usafrTxoeba/pirovnuli usafrTxoeba
Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom is policielebi, romlebsac saqme aqvT

daSavebul an daRupul adamianebTan, TviTon ar gaxdnen am
garemoebebis msxverpli. policielis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad
unda ganxorcieldes Semdegi moqmedebebi SemTxvevis adgilze:
a. SeamowmeT, ra mizeziT aris gamowveuli daSaveba (eleqtrodeni,

qimiuri nivTierebebis zemoqmedeba da a.S.);
b. Tu SesaZlebeli iqneba, gaarideT daSavebuli dazianebis wyaros;
g. ar ganagrZoT moqmedeba, sanam SemTxvevis adgilis usafrTxoeba
daculi ar iqneba;
d. SeatyobineT sxvebsac, nebismieri SesaZlo safrTxis Sesaxeb;
e. yovelTvis unda gamoiyenoT damcavi saSualebebi dazaralebulTan
urTierTobisas (xelTaTmani da niRabi).
policielis movaleobebi pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis

sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT
pirveladi samedicino daxmareba aris daSavebulis mimarT

ganxorcielebuli moqmedebebis erToblioba, an misi mkurnaloba
nebismieri dazianebis, cudad gaxdomis SemTxvevaSi saswrafo
daxmarebis an kvalificiuri samedicino personalis mosvlamde.
pirveladi daxmarebiT SesaZloa sami ZiriTadi amocanis: 1. sicocxlis
SenarCunebis; 2. mdgomareobis gauaresebis Tavidan acilebis; 3.
daSavebulis gamomjobinebis uzrunvelyofa. swored es warmoadgens
prioritets policielisaTvis, roca is midis nebismieri saxis
SemTxvevis adgilze.
policiels evaleba Semdegi:
pirveladi gasinjva
SemTxvevis adgilTan miaxloebis dros sistemuri midgoma

saSavebulis mZime mdgomareobis Sesafaseblad yvelaze did
problemas warmoadgens. am problemis gadasawyvetad policielma
unda Caataros pirveladi gasinjvis e.w. ,,3-safexuriani” procedura
(qvemoT aris Camoyalibebuli).
dazianebul pirTan misvlisas, pirvel rigSi, unda Semowmdes
cnobiereba, sasunTqi gzebis gamtaroba, sunTqva da haeris
cirkulacia. xSir SemTxvevaSi dazianebuls dakarguli ara aqvs
cnobiereba da SeuZlia gansazRvros, ra stkiva. pirveladi gasinjviT
policieli adgens, daSavebuli sunTqavs Tu ara da namdvilad
isinjeba Tu ara pulsi.
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pirveladi gasinjvis dros aucilebelia cnobierebis Semowmeba.
magaliTad, rodesac policieli uaxlovdeba daSavebuls, pirvel
rigSi, msubuqad unda Seaxos xeli mxarze da xmamaRla hkiTxos -
,,kargad xarT?” da moiTxovos misgan pasuxis gacema. (cnobierebis
Semowmeba).
Tu daSavebuli gonzea, policiels aRar uwevs xelovnuri
sunTqvis Catareba, Tumca man unda ganagrZos Zlieri sisxldenisa da
pulsis Semowmeba. Tu daSavebuli ugono mdgomareobaSia, policielma
unda Caataros ,,3-safexuriani” procedura, romelic Semdegnairad
tardeba:
a. sasunTqi gzebi
o daawvineT daSavebuli adamiani zurgze. gaxseniT sasunTqi gzebi da

misi Tavis ukan gadaweviT da nikapis CamoweviT (Tavis gadawevisa da
nikapis Camowevis meTodi ufro detalurad aris aRwerili
,,xelovnuri sunTqvis” qveTavSi.)
o Tu Tqven eWvi gaqvT, rom xerxemalia dazianebuli, gaxseniT sasunTqi
gzebi nikapis CamoweviT da ara Tavis gadaweviT.
b. ,,uyure, usmine da igrZeni” sunTqva

o daakvirdiT gul-mkerdis ares, moZraobs
Tu ara sunTqvis Sesabamisad. mousmineT
sunTqvas. igrZeniT amosasunTqi haeri
Tqvens loyaze.
o Tu daSavebuli ar sunTqavs, dauZaxeT
vinmes an daixmareT gverdze mdgomi da
daiwyeT xelovnuri sunTqvis Catareba.
(xelovnuri sunTqva aRwerilia
dawvrilebiT am TavSi odnav
mogvianebiT).
g. SeamowmeT sisxlis cirkulacia
o SeamowmeT daSavebulis pulsi saZile arteriis gasinjviT. SeamowmeT

pulsi TiTebis dadebiT yelis wina gverdiT zedapirze. 10 wamis
ganmavlobaSi ganagrZeT pulsis Semowmeba.
o pulsi ar SeamowmoT cera TiTiT, radgan cera TiTSi igrZnoba

sakuTari pulsi.
o Tu daSavebul adamians pulsi esinjeba, magram ar sunTqavs, CautareT
xelovnuri sunTqva.
o Tu daSavebul adamians pulsi ar esinjeba da arc sunTqavs, CaatareT
kardiopulmonaruli reanimacia.
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xelovnuri sunTqva
xelovnuri sunTqva tardeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu daSavebuls pulsi
esinjeba. Tu haeris miwodeba ar moxda ramdenime wuTSi, daSavebulis
guli gaCerdeba Jangbadis ukmarisobis gamo.
xelovnuri sunTqvis procedura aseTia:
o SeamowmeT sapasuxo reaqcia. wyali apkureT an
frTxilad SeanjRrieT daSavebuli da CasZaxeT
“kargad xarT?”
o Tu sapasuxo reaqcia ver miiReT vinmes uxmeT

saSvelad, an gverdze myofs sTxoveT daxmarebis
mosayvanad wasvla.
o moaTavseT daSavebuli zurgiT myar zedapirze ise, rom Tavi gulis

donis simaRleze iyos. gadaadgileT daSavebuli ise, rom dauWiroT
Tavi da zurgi, raTa Tavidan aiciloT Semdgomi dazianebebi kisris
an xerxemlis areSi.
o CaimuxleT daSavebulis gverdiT Tavisa da mkerdis

midamos Soris.
o daSavebuls gauxseniT sasunTqi gzebi Tavis

gadawevisa da nikapis Camowevis meTodiT.
o 10 wamis ganmavlobaSi daukvirdiT, mousmineT da igrZeniT, sunTqavs

Tu ara daSavebuli.
o CautareT xelovnuri sunTqva orjer (2), daakvirdiT mkerdis

moZraobas zeviT da qveviT, raTa darwmundeT, rom haeri Sedis
filtvebSi. daelodeT mkerdis dawevas, vidre meorejer CautarebT
igive proceduras.
o xelovnuri sunTqvis Catarebisas ”piriT-pirSi”,

Tqvens mier amosunTquli haeri CabereT
dazaralebuls pirSi. misi cxviri daaxSeT
TiTebis moWeriT.
o xelovnuri sunTqvis proceduris orjer Catarebis Semdeg

daakvirdiT, mousmineT da igrZeniT, rom daSavebulma namdvilad
daiwyo damoukideblad sunTqva. sunTqvis Semowmebis paralelurad 10
wamis ganmavlobaSi SeamowmeT dazaralebulis pulsi saZile
arteriasTan, am mxares, romelic ufro axlosaa TqvenTan.
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o Tu darwmundebiT, rom dazaralebuli ar sunTqavs, magram pulsi
esinjeba, ganagrZeT xelovnuri sunTqva.
o haeris miwodeba (Caberva) ganaxorcieleT yovel

xuT (5) wamSi erTxel, daaxloebiT erTi (1)
wuTis ganmavlobaSi.
o 12 Cabervis Semdeg SeamowmeT, daiwyo Tu ara

dazaralebulma damoukideblad sunTqva, raTa
darwmundeT, rom guli ar gaCerebula.
o Tu dazaralebulma daiwyo damoukideblad sunTqva, darCiT masTan

saswrafo daxmarebis mosvlamde da ganagrZeT sasunTqi gzebis,
sunTqvisa da sisxlis mimoqcevis Semowmeba.
o Tu dazaralebuli ar sunTqavs da pulsi esinjeba, ganagrZeT

xelovnuri sunTqvis procedura
o Tu dazaralebuliar ar sunTqavs da pulsi ar esinjeba, daiwyeT

kardiopulmonaruli reanimacia (CPR).
kardiopurmonaluri reanimacia (CPR)
kardiopulmonaruli funqciis Sewyveta aris sicocxlisaTvis

saSiSi ori movlenis kombinacia: respiratoruli funqciis Sewyveta
(sunTqvis Sewyveta) da kardialuri funqciis Sewyveta (guliscemis
Sewyveta). kardiopulmonaruli reanimacia (CPR) sxeulis ujredebs
amaragebs JangbadiT sxeulis normaluri Funqcionirebis aRadgenad.
kardiopulmonaruli reanimacia (CPR) aris xelovnuri sunTqvisa
(romelic filtvebiT JangbadiT amaragebs) da gul-mkerdis masaJis
(romelic JangbadiT gamdidrebuli sisxlis cirkulacias uwyobs
xels) kombinacia. am momentSi drois faqtors gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba aqvs (saSualod Svid wuTSi Tavis tvinis ujredebSi
Seuqcevadi cvlilebebi viTardeba), amitom policielma swrafad unda
imoqmedos, raTa sicocxlis gadarCena moaxerxos.
kardiopulmonaruli reanimacia (CPR) warmoeba

zrdasrulTaTvis
o ipoveT adgili, sadac daSavebulis neknebi

uerTdeba mkerdis Zvals gulmkerdis aris
centrSi (mkerdis Zvlis qveda bolo).
o moaTavseT aRniSnul adgilas myofi xelis Sua

TiTi saCvenebel TiTTan erTad.
o moaTavseT meore xelis fuZe saCvenebeli TiTis

gverdiT da zemoT, gulmkerdis gaswvriv.
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o moaSoreT saCvenebeli TiTi aRniSnul adgils da gaTavisuflebuli
xeli meore xelze moaTavseT.
o darwmudiT rom TiTebiT mkerdis ares ar

exebiT, mxolod xelis nebi unda exebodes
mkerdis ares. TiTebi an maRla aswieT an
SeatyupeT.
o mxolod xelis nebiT 30-jer ganaxorcieleT

gulis masaJi 4-dan 5sm-mde siRrmiT. zeda
kidurebi idayvSi ar moxaroT.
o yoveli kompresiis Semdeg gaswordiT bolomde, oRond ar moaSoroT

xeli gulmkerdis aRniSnul ares, raTa ar dakargoT swori pozicia.
o kompresiis sixSire unda iyos 80-dan 100-mde wuTSi.

o mklavebi daSavebuli zemoT geWiroT, radgan moZraobas ZemoT da
qvemoT axorcielebT. nu gadaaiweviT win da ukan, nu gaakeTebT pauzas
masaJebs Soris.
o 30 kompresiis Semdeg daSavebuls

Tavi isev gadauwieT da 2-jer
CabereT, darwmundiT, rom yovel
Cabervaze mkerdi zemoT iwevs.
o srulad ganaxorcieleT 30
kompresiisa da 2-jer Cabervis cikli.
o daukvirdiT, mousmineT, igrZeniT da

SeamowmeT pulsi, raTa darwmundeT,
rom daSavebuls guli aumoZravda da
damoukideblad sunTqva daiwyo.
o Tu daSavebuls pulsi esinjeba da

damoukideblad sunTqva daiwyo,
SewyviteT kardiopulmonaluri
reanimacia (CPR) da yuradRebiT
iyaviT saswrafo daxmarebis
mosvlamde.
o nebismieri sxva dazianebis

SemTxvevaSi aRmouCineT
pirveladi daxmareba.
o Tu daSavebuls pulsi
esinjeba, magram jer kidev ver
sunTqavs, damoukideblad, ganagrZeT xelovnuri sunqva. ori
CasunTqvis Semdeg SeamowmeT, daiwyo Tu ara daSavebulma sunTaqva da
esinjeba Tu ara pulsi.
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o srulad ganaxorcieleT 30 kompresiisa da 2-jer Cabervis 4 cikli da
SeamowmeT. proceduris Sewyveta dauSvebelia, vidre daSavebuli gons
ar moegeba, vidre ar mova saswrafo daxmareba. proceduris Sewyveta
dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu veRar SeZlebT mis gagrZelebas
fizikuri gadaRlis gamo, an adgili aqvs sunTqvisa da pulsaciis
aRdgenas.
2. bavSvebisaTvis (1-dan 8 wlamde)
o SeamowmeT pulsi aTi wamis ganmavlobaSi: ori TiTi daadeT yelis

sasunTq gzebsa da did kunTovan nawils Soris arsebul cariel
adgil kisris orive mxares.
o Tu pulss ve ipoviT da mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis sxva niSnebic ar
gvaqvs saxeze, daiwyeT gul-mkerdis kompresia.
o gul-mkerdis kompresiisa da piriT pirsi CasunTqvis procedura

Semdeg etapebs moicavs:
o Tqveni xeli imave poziciaSi unda moaTavsoT, rogorc mozrdilebis
SemTxvevaSi, magram mxolod xelis nebi gamoiyeneT.
o mkveTrad daaweqiT mkerdis areSi 1/3 siRmiT. sixSire kompresiisa
analogiuria mozrdilebisa (2 Cabervis cikli, 30 kompresia)
3. ToTo bavSvebisTvis
o SeamowmeT bavSvis sisxlis mimoqceva

o SeamowmeT pulsi 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi:
gamoiyeneT ori TiTi. pulsis gasinjva
unda moxdes bavSvis mxris Sida mxares.
o Tu pulsi ar isinjeba, daiwyeT gul-
mkerdis kompresia.
gul-mkerdis kompresiisa da piriT pirSi
CasunTqvis procedura Semdeg etapebs
moicavs:
o moaTavseT ori TiTis wveri erTi TiTis dadebis siganeze mkerdis
Zvlis qvemoT.
o mkveTrad daaweqiT am adgilas 1/3 siRrmis mkerdis areSi. gaimeoreT
es procedura xuTjer (wuTSi 100-jer).
o moaxdineT piriT pirSi CasunTqva. roca pirs pirTan miitanT, bavSvis
piri da cxviri mTlianad unda daifaros.
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o monacvleobiT gaukeTeT gul-mkerdis 30 kompresiisa
da erTi Cabervis cikli 2 wuTis ganmavlobaSi, sunTqvisa da
pulsaciis ar aRdgenis SemTxvevaSi procedura grZeldeba saswrafo
daxmarebis gamoZaxebamde da mis mosvlamde.
daSavebulis gadayvana
tradiciulad, policieli aris adamiani, romelic specialur

wvrTnas gadis da pirvel rigSi evaleba daSavebulis gadayvana
SemTxvevis adgilidan. Tavdapirvelad daSavebulis gadaadgileba ar
SeiZleba manam, sanam mas srulad ar gasinjaven da misi mdgomareoba
stabiluri ar iqneba. daSavebulis gadaadgileba srul gasinjvamde
mxolod gamouval mdgomareobaSia dasaSvebi, roca policielis an
daSavebulis sicocxles safrTxe emuqreba.
a. erTi adamianis mier daSavebulis gaTreviT gadaadgileba
Tu eWvobT, rom daSavebuls dazianebuli aqvs kiseri an xerxemali,
msgavsi meTodiT gadayvana dauSvebelia, Tu amas aucilebloba ar
moiTxovs. procedura Semdegnairia:
moaTavseT daSavebuli mjdomare poziciaSi.
dadeqiT daSavebulis zurgs ukan, mklavebi mxrebqveS SeucureT da
mkerdze moaTavseT ise, rom daSavebulis gadajvaredinebul mklavebs
CaeWidoT.
awieT fexebiT.
daSavebuli gadaTrviT gadaadgileT ukan.
b. ori adamians mier daSavebulis gadayvana kritikul situaciaSi

pirveli mSveleli mimarTavs igive xerxs, romelsac erTi adamianis
mier daSavebulis gaTreviT gadaadgilebis SemTxvevaSi.
meore mSveleli ikavebs pozicias daSavebulis fexebs Soris saxis
imave mimarTulebiT, rogoric pirvel mSvelels ukavia.
meore mSveleli fexebSi CasWidebs xelebs daSavebuls da orive
mSveleli erTdroulad awevs daSavebuls.
g. ori adamianis mier daSavebulis akvniseburi gadayvana
mSvelelebi orive
mxridan miudgebian
daSavebuls.
daSavebuls mjdomare
poziciaSi aweven, am
dros daSavebulis
mklavebi mSvelelebis
mxrebzea moTavsebuli.
mSvelelebi erTmaneTs
xels CasWideben
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daSavebulis zurgs ukan meore xeli ki imisTvis gamoiyeneba, rom
daSavebulis mxari daafiqsiron.
orive mSvelelma erTdroulad unda imoqmedos da daSavebulTan
axlos arsebuli xeli erTmaneTs CasWidon daSavebulis fexebqveS.
d. samxedro sakaciT gadayvana
orive mSveleli erTi mimarTulebiT dgas da gadahyavs daSavebuli
Soki
Sokuri mdgomareoba aRiniSneba

sxvadasxva paTologiuri
mdgomareobisas, romlebic mimdinareoben
sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis organoebis
funqciis moSliT, romelic Tavis mxriv
ganpirobebulia qsovilebis
sisxlmomaragebis darRveviT. gamomwvevi
mizezebidan gamomdinare ansxvaveben Sokis Semdeg saxeebs:
o travmuli (mZime dazianebebis Semdgom),
o hemoragiuli (sisxldenebis Semdgom),
o damwvrobiTi,
o kardiogenuli (gulis kunTis-miokardis dazianebiT),
o anafilaqsiuri,
o infeqciur-toqsiuri.
dazaralebulis daTvalierebisas TvalSi mogvxvdeba

damaxasiaTebeli saxe, romelic cnobilia rogorc ,,hipokrates
niRabi”, kerZod, Cavardnili Tvalbude, loyebi, cxviri wawvetebuli,
yurebi civi da daWimuli, kani Sublze mSrali da daWimulia, saxe
fermkrTali momwvano an moSavo ferisaa, tuCebi lurji _ cianozuri).
xSir SemTxvevaSi aReniSnebaT civi ofli, kidurebi civi da
cianozuria. sunTqva zedapiruli, gaxSirebuli. pulsi Zafiseburi,
Senelebuli, mZime SemTxvevebSi arc fiqsirdeba. arteriuli wneva
ecema. rogorc aRiniSna Sokis saxeoba ganpirobebulia misi
gamomwveviT, amitomac pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis mizania am
gamomwvevis likvidacia, gamomwvevi faqtorebis Semcireba.
sisxldenebis Semdgomi Sokis dros pirvel planze gamodis
sisxldenis SeCerebisaken mimarTuli RonisZiebebi (tamponada, laxtis
dadeba, damwoli naxvevi Wrilobaze da a.S. RonisZieba tardeba
dazaralebulis absolutur fonze. mas awvenen horizontalurad
Tavis odnav qvemo mdgomareobaSi da axorcieleben swraf
hospitalizacias).
travmuli Sokisas adgilobrivi gamayuCeblebi gamoiyeneba
(novokainis blokada travmis garSemo).
ugono mdgomareoba (guliswasvla anu sinkope) _ cnobierebis
uecari, xanmokle dakargva gamowveulia Tavis tvinis sisxlZarRvebis
gardamavali iSemiiT (SeviwroebiT).
am dros aRiniSneba kanis gafermkrTaleba, kidurebis gacieba, gugebis
Seviwroeba. wneva ecema, sustdeba pulsi, sunTqva zerele xdeba.
rogorc wesi, aseTi adamianebi kargaven gonebas, ecemian.
horizontalur mdgomareobaSi aRmoCena xels uwyobs sisxlis
14
midinebas Tavis tvinTan, adamians ubrundeba saxis vardisferi
Seferiloba, metyveleba, cnobiereba ubrundeba. Tu Tavis tvinis
sisxlmomarageba irRveva 10 wm-ze met xans iwyeba krunCxvebi,
defekacia (kuWSi gasvla), Sardva.
pirveladi daxmareba:
sinkope (cnobierebis dabindva) rogorc wesi mTavrdeba

damoukideblad, magram cnobierebis aRdgenis dasaCqareblad, saWiroa
davawvinoT dazaralebuli horizontalurad, avuwioT fexebi(amiT
vzrdiT sisxlis midinebis process Tavis tvinTan), gavanTavisufloT
SemoWerili tansacmlis, sayelosagan, movuSvaT qamari, uzrunvelyoT
sufTa haeris miwodeba. saxeze da gulze vapkuroT civi wyali,
vaynosinoT niSaduris spirtSi dasvelebuli tamponi (sunTqvis
centris aRmgznebi), gavuTboT fexebi saTburaTi an davuziloT raime
myari sxeuliT, davafaroT Tbilad mTel tanze. ar unda viCqaroT
dazaralebulis wamoyeneba, Tu SevZlebT, kargia cxeli, magari,
tkbili Cais micema, davexmaroT wamojdomaSi da mxolod amis Semdeg,
Tu mdgomareoba iqneba damakmayofilebeli, davrToT wamodgomis
ufleba. Tu cnobierebis dabrunebis Semdeg pacienti aRniSnavs
usiamovno SegrZnebas gulis areSi (moWeriTi, mCxvletavi, damwoli
tkivilebi), mieciT validoli enis qveS. nitroglicerinis micema
dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi Tu irkveva, rom pacients aqvs
stenokardia (gulis daavadeba), nitratebs Rebulobs regularulad.
nitroglicerinis miRebisas unda imyofebodes horizontalur
mdgomareobaSi.
stresuli situaciis dros efeqturia Tu pacients mivcemT 25-30 wv.
korvalols.
qala-tvinis travma
qala-tvinis travma SeiZleba iyos sagzao SemTxvevis, davardnis,

samrewvelo, sportuli da sayofacxovrebo dazianebebis Sedegi. aris
Ria da daxuruli qala-tvinis travma. gamoyofen qala-tvinis travmis
3 xarisxs, simZimis mixedviT:
1) msubuqis dros _ cnobierebis dakargva grZeldeba ramdenime wuTi,
amneziis xangrZlivoba aRwevs 1 sT-mde.
2) saSualos dros _ cnobierebis dakargva grZeldeba 1 sT-mde,
amneziis xangrZlivoba aRwevs 24 sT.
3) mZimes dros _ gonebis dakargva aWarbebs 1 sT, xolo amnezia
grZeldeba erTi dRe-Rame.
qala-tvinis travmis dros gansakuTrebiT eqceva yuradReba qalis
fuZis motexilobas, romelic vlindeba Semdegi ZiriTadi niSnebiT: 1)
liqvoris (Tavisa da zurgis tvinis siTxis) gadmodinebiT yuridan da
cxviridan; 2) ,, saTvalis” simptomi (orive Tvalbudeze simetriulad
arsebuli sisxlCaqceva); 3) koniunqtivaSi (Tvalis TeTri lorwovani)
sisxlCaqcevebiT; 4) yuris niJaris ukan arsebuli sisxlCaqceviT,
romelic vlindeba 24-48 sT. Semdeg travmidan; 5) Tavis tvinis
nervebis dazianebiT (mag. safeTqlis wilis dazianeba iwvevs smenisa
da saxis nervis dazianebas, Sublis wilisa – metyvelebis dazianebas
da a. S.). liqvori Cveulebrivi lorwosagan gansxvavebiT Seicavs
15
glukozas, amitom aris webvadi bunebis. Tu Tavis travmis dros ar
aRiniSneba Tavis tvinis nivTierebis dazianebisas arsebuli
simptomebi _ pirdapiri da iribi (gonebis dakargva an dabindva,
amnezia, xanmokle gaTiSva, xangrZlivi Rebineba, mdgradi Tavbrusxveva
da a. S.) maSin iq adgili hqonia Tavis rbili qsovilebis RrZobas.
qala-tvinis tramvis dros aucilebelia

swrafi zedapiruli gasinjva, sasunTqi gzebis
gamtarobis Semowmeba da maTi gamavlobis
aRdgena. sunTqvis sixSirisa da riTmulobis
gansazRvra, sisxlis mimoqcevis Sefaseba
(pulsaciiT), cnobierebis Sefaseba, pacientis
moTavseba 30
°½
daxrilobis zedapirze.
Tanmxlebi sxva dazianebebis dros

Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis Catareba
da bolos swrafi hospitalizacia (nebismier SemTxvevaSi
aucilebelia dakvirveba 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi).
2. sisxldena. Wrilobebi da maTi saxeebi.

pirveladi daxmarebis meTodebi
sisxldena
sisxlZarRvebis dazianeba iwvevs sisxldenas. garegani sisxldena

xdeba maSin, roca kanis safaris darRvevis nebismier formasTan
gvaqvs saqme. Sida (faruli) sisxldena SeiZleba iyos daavadebis,
Wrilobis an garkveuli samkurnalo saSualebebis zemoqmedebis
Sedegi. misi gamokvleva SeiZleba gagrZeldes. sisxldenisas
aRiniSneba Semdegi niSnebi da simptomebi:
o Ria Wrilobidan momdinare sisxli;

o sisxli pirRebinebisas gamoyofil nivTierebaSi, ganavalSi an SardSi;
o vaginaluri sisxldena;
o tkivili an/da Sesieba muclis areSi;
o sisxlCaqcevebi;
o sisuste, gonebis areva.
sisxldena sisxlZarRvTa saxeobebidan

gamomdinare aris: arteriuli, venuri,
kapilaruli da a. S.
arteriuli sisxldenisas Wrilobidan
moedineba alisferi, JangbadiT
gajerebuli (mdidari), pulsirebadi
sisxlis nakadi. misgan gansxvavebiT venuri
sisxldenis dros Wrilobidan gamodis
16
uwyveti nakadi momdinare, naxSirorJangiT mdidari, muqi feris
sisxli. arteriuli da venuri sisxldenis SesaCereblad mimarTaven
laxtis dadebas an kiduris saxsarSi maqsimaluri moxris an
ganzidvis meTods.
laxti ideba Wrilobis zemoT (proqsimalurad), WrilobasTan

maqsimalurad axlos. mizanSewonilia kiduris im nawilSi, sadac
mxolod erTi Zvalia (mxari, barZayi).
laxti ar ideba
uSualod kanze:
mis qveS
aucileblad
unda moTavsdes
bamba, naWeri,
tansacmeli.
sworad
dadebisas
Wrilobidan
wydeba
sisxldena,
periferiaze qreba pulsacia. aucileblad
unda aRiniSnos laxtis dadebis zusti
dro: ar SeiZleba misi gaCereba kidurze zafxulSi 2 sT., zamTarSi 1
sT.-ze met xans. am drois gasvlis Semdeg saWiroa laxtis moxsna,
sisxldenis ganmavlobis xanmokle aRdgena (nekrozis da gangrenis
Tavidan asacileblad) da misi kvlav dadeba ramdenadme zemoT.
specialuri laxtis uqonlobis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia misi
damzadebac. igi unda iyos minimum 5 sm. siganis zonari, romelsac
orjer SemovaxvevT kidurze da boloebs ki erTmaneTze
gadavajvaredinebT, patara joxs an raime msgavs sagans vaTavsebT
zonris naxevrad gakrul kvanZSi. Semdeg zemodan vaxvevT mas zonaris
boloebs. joxs vatrialebT manam, sanam sisxldena ar SeCerdeba.
Semdeg meore zonriT vaxdenT mis fiqsacias.
TiTqmis yvela saxis sisxldena SeiZleba SeCerdes.

o es unda ganxorcieldes steriluri an sufTa Semwovi saxvevi masalis
zustad Wrilobaze moxerxebulad dadebiT;
o Tu saxvevi masala sisxliT gaiJRinTeba, ar SecvaloT igi, piriqiT,
masze meore saxvevi masala moaTavseT da
ganagrZeT zewola;
o nu moaxdenT pirdapir zewolas Tvalis
dazianebis SemTxvevaSi, radganac es adgili
,,Casmul’’ organos Seicavs. zewola arc
Tavis areSi miyenebuli Wrilobis
SemTxvevaSia dasaSvebi, radganac aris tvinis
dazianebis saSiSroeba.
saWiroa Wrilobaze davadoT sqeli safeni,

damzadebuli SeZlebisdagvarad sufTa
qsovilisagan. efeqturia Wrilobis elivacia
(wamoweva) gulis doneze maRla. Tu Wriloba
mdebareobs Tavis an kisris areSi, maSin unda
moxdes dazaralebulis Tavisa da beWebis
17
wamoweva. Tu sisxldena grZeldeba, SesaZlebelia NnaWrilobevis
zemoT xelis daWera Zvlamde arteriaze:
mklavze _ iRliasa da idayvs Soris.
fexze _ tansa da TeZos nakecebSi da araviTar SemTxvevaSi
uSualod fexze.
Wrilobis tipebi
.
o nagleji Wriloba _ gulisxmobs kanis safaris gaWras. Wrilobas aqvs
dakbiluli napirebi da axasiaTebs sisxldena;
o nakveTi Wriloba _ gamowveulia basri sagniT. Wrilobas aqvs sufTa,
Tanabari napiri;
o naCxvleti Wriloba/kanis safarqveS SeRweva _ axasiaTebs mcire
sisxldena zedapirze. TiTqmis SeuZlebelia sisxldenis farTis
gansazRvra kanis safarqveS. igi zrdis infeqciis safrTxes.
o kanis moglejva _ am dros kanis safari nawilobriv, zogjer ki
mTlianad scildeba sxeulis kunTovan nawils.
yvela zemoT aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi viTardeba garegani sisxlena.
muclis Rrus Wrilobebis dros Wrilobaze

vafenT sufTa safens. Tu gadmoyrilia
nawlavebi da Cans sxva organoebic, nu
ecdebiT maT Cabrunebas muclis RruSi.
vaTavsebT dazaralebuls misTvis yvelaze
mosaxerxebel mdgomareobaSi, dakecil sabans
vudebT moxrili muxlebis qveS, muclis
Rrus kedlebze naklebi zewolisaTvis.
sastikad ikrZaleba yovelgvari sasmelis,
saWmelis an sigaretis micemac.
Tu tyvia an sxva raime basri sagani
SeaRwevs gulmkerdis areSi, SeiZleba
mogvesmas stvenis msgavsi xma, gulmkerdSi
haeris daubrkolad Sesvla-gamosvlis gamo.
amitom filtvis kolafsis (funqciis gaTiSva)
Tavidan asacileblad unda davucoT Tavi, amis gakeTeba SesaZlebelia
rogorc SiSveli xelebiT, ise celofnis paketiT, zonriT an
qsovelis safeniT. imisda miuxedavad grZnobazea Tu ara
dazaralebuli, vawvenT mas dazianebuli mxriT qvemoT, misTvis
moxerxebul mdgomareobaSi.
sisxldenis SeCerebis Semdeg yvela saxis Wriloba antiseptikurad
unda damuSavdes, amisTvis gamoiyeneba spiriti da iodi Wrilobis
garSemo aris mosasufTaveblad, wyalbadis zeJangi (perekisi),
briliantis mwvane uSualod kideebisa da Wrilobebis
amosasufTaveblad (Wrilobidan mxolod SesaZlebelia mxolod mcire
zomis ucxo sxeulebis amoReba). davadoT steriluri safeni da
SevaxvioT bintiT. mcire zomis Wrilobis SemTxvevaSi davadoT
baqteriuli leikoplastiri.
18
3.moyinva da misi xarisxebi. damwvroba da misi xarisxebi. siTburi da
mzis dartyma. eleqtrotramva. pirveladi daxmarebis meTodebi.
motexilobebi, maTi saxeobebi da pirveladi daxmarebis meTodebi
moyinva (gadaciveba)
zogadi mdgomareoba, romelic fiqsirdeba garemos dabali

temperaturisas. yinulovan wyalSi sasikvdilo moyinva viTardeba
ufro swrafad (30 wuTSi), vidre civ amindSi (0 °½ 10-12 sT-Si).
gamoyofen moyinvis sam xarisxs:
I xarisxi (adinamiuri) _ reqtaluri temperatura ecema 35_33°½.
metyveleba gaZnelebulia, kani fermkrTalia, taqikardia, ,,batis” kani.
II xarisxi ( stuporozuli) _reqtaluri temperatura ecema 32°½.
aRiniSneba stupori, saerTo gaqvaveba, adinamia. kani civi, cianozuria
(lurji feris). terfi da mtevani fermkrTalia, mgrZnobeloba
daqveiTebuli. pulsi wuTSi 30-50, sunTqva zedapiruli.
III xarisxi (krunCxviTi) _ temperatura ecema 30. gulisreva RebinebiT,
krunCxvebi, gonebis dakargva, kidurebis gayinva-gadaciveba, pulsacia
da AD (wneva) ar fiqsirdeba. am stadiaSi xSirad aRniSnaven saxisa da
kidurebis msxvil segmentebis wayinvas. sxeulis gadacivebisas 25-22°½
reanimaciis perspeqtivebi saeWvoa.
wayinva (moyinva)
klinikuri simptomebis erToblioba, romelic

yalibdeba dabali temperaturis zemoqmedebiT da
vlindeba qsovilebi nekroziTa da reaqtiuli anTebiTi
mdgomareobiT.
adamianis sxeulis zogad gadacivebasa da moyinvaSi
mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs Semdegi faqtorebi an maTi
erToblioba: dabali temperatura haeris, wylis an
garSemomyofi nivTierebebis, maRali tenianoba an qari. moyinvas xels
uwyobs Soki, Wriloba, sisxldena, SimSili, avitaminozi (vit.
gaRaribeba), gadaRla. moyinvis saSiSroeba umetesad emuqreba cxvirs,
yurs, loyebs, mtevans da terfs.
gamoyofen moyinvis 4 xarisxs ( simptomebis mixedviT):
I xarisxi _ damaxasiaTebelia sifermkrTale, Sesieba, kanis mocisfro
Seferiloba;
II xarisxi _ TeTri eqsudatiT (siTxiT) avsebuli buStukebi;
III xarisxi _ sisxliT avsebuli buStukebi muqi lurji fskeriT.
mgrZnobeloba tkivilze ar arsebobs;
IV xarisxi _ kanis yvela Sris nekrozi, mimdebare rbili qsovilisa
da Zvlebis CarTviT.
19
rekomindirebulia moyinuli ubnebis an mTliani sxeulis Cayursva

28- dan 45°½ temperaturis abazanaSi, moyinvis xarisxidan gamomdinare
20 wuTis ganmavlobaSi. abazanis Semdeg moyinuli ubani guldasmiT
unda SevamSraloT, naxvevi aRar ideba. sxeulis gadaciebisas Tu ar
aRiniSneba arc sunTqva da arc pulsacia, mivmarTavT filtvis
ventilacias piriT - pirSi da axorcieleben RonisZiebebs siTbos
Semdgomi danakargis Sesamcireblad. gulis daxuruli masaJi am
SemTxvevaSi akrZalulia. proceduris araefeqturobis SemTxvevaSi
mivmarTavT abazanas, sadac vaCerebT adamians manam, sanam sxeulis
temperatura ar ava 34°½. dazaralebulis gaTboba cecxlTan an
eleqtro plitebiT ar SeiZleba, vinaidan qsovilebs dakarguli aqvT
mgrZnobeloba da SeiZleba miviRoT damwvroba. saR azrze myof
adamians SeiZleba davalevinoT cxeli sasmelebi (Cai, yava), SevfuToT
Tbilad.
damwvroba
adamianis safarvelis travmuli dazianeba, mis kanze sxvadsxva

arasasurveli faqtorebis zemoqmedebisa, rogorebicaa – Termuli,
qimiuri, eleqtruli da sxivuri energia.
gamoyofen damwvrobis 4 xarisxs:
I xarisxi _ hiperemia (SewiTleba) da Sesieba kanisa;
II xarisxi _ epidermisis (kanis zeda Sre) sikvdili da buStukebis
warmoqmna;
III-a xarisxi _ kanis zeda fenis nekrozi (sikvdili), magram am dros
qveda Sreebi da nawilobriv jirkvlovani nawilic SenarCunebulia;
III-b xarisxi _ kanis yvela fenis totaluri nekrozi;
IV xarisxi _ ara marto kanis, aramed yvela Rrmad mdebare
qsovilebis nekrozi (myesebis, kunTebis, Zvlebis).
20
aris damwvroba
zedapiruli (I, II,
III-a) da Rrma (III-b,
IV). misi
gavrcelebis
areals sazRvraven
e. w. ,,cxrianis
kanoniT”: Tavi da
yeli Cveni
sxeulis
zedapiris 9%-s
Seadgens. zeda
kiduri 9%-s,
torsis wina da
ukana nawilebi
Sesabamisad 18-18%-
s. qveda kiduri
18%. sazardulis midamo 1%-s. Tu damwvrobas ara aqvs brtyeli
zedapiri, maSin iyeneben mtevnis wess: mozrdili adamianis mtevani
TiTebis CaTvliT Seadgens Cveni sxeulis 1%-s. erTi da igive farTis
saxis da torsis dazianeba ufro mwvaved mimdinareobs vidre imave
farTis kidurebze. sazardulisa da sasqeso organoebis damwvrobas
Tan axlavs rogorc wesi Sokuri mdgomareoba. gansakuTrebuli
sirTuliT xasiaTdeba sasunTqi gzebis damwvroba, radgan am dros
miRebuli mdgomareoba Seesabameba organizmis saerTo safarvelis
10%-is damwvrobiT miRebul mdgomareobas. Rrma damwvrobisas sxeulis
9-10%-is, xolo zedapirulisas 15-20%-s. damwvrobis dros
gviviTardeba saxifaTo mdgomareoba, wodebuli_ damwvrobis Sokad.
Tu adamiani saR gonebazea, daalevineT didi raodenobiT siTxe:

Saqriani Cai, xilis wveni, mariliani wyali (2 C. kv. marili 1 l.
wyalze). nu SeexebiT damwvrobiT miRebul wylulebs. akrZalulia
dakruli tansacmlis gaxda (mxolod SemoWriT). ugono SemTxvevaSi,
Tu darRveulia sunTqva da pulsacia, mivmarTavT CPR
siTburi dakvra
organizmis mwvave gadaxureba, romelic viTardeba garemos maRali

temperaturisa da Termoregulaciis darRvevis Sedegad. aseTi
safrTxe emuqrebaT adamianebs, romlebic mZime fizikur Sromas
axorcieleben cxel, tenian, uZrav atmosferoSi, rodesac isini
Cacmulebi arian am garemosTan Seufereblad. gadaxureba organizmisa
Sedegia siTbos gamoyofisa da oflwarmoqmnis procesis balansis
darRvevisa. am dros adamians aReniSneba _ sunTqvis gaZneleba, saerTo
sisuste, wyurvilis SegrZneba, romerlsac Tan axlavs Zlieri Tavis
tkivili, yru Civilebi zurgSi, kidurebSi, moWeriTi tkivili gulis
areSi. sunTqva da pulsi xSirdeba, kani wamowiTlebulia da iwyeba
Zlieri oflis gamoyofa. sxeulis temperatura aRwevs 39-41°½ da mets.
mZime SemTxvevaSi kani uferulia an molurjo, gugebi gafarToebulia,
21
oflis gamoyofa Sewyvetilia, sunTqva zedapiruli, gaxSirebuli. aris
krunCxvebi, bodviTi mdgomareoba, Sardva Sewyvetilia.
dazaralebuli gadagvyavs gril garemoSi, gavxadoT, SemovaxvioT

sveli zewari, civi safenebi davadoT kefasa da Sublze, aseve
centralur arteriebze (SeiZleba yinulic). davziloT sxeuli
yinuliT, efiriT, spirtiT, Tan paralelurad gavaniavoT
ventilatoriT. es manipulaciebi xorcieldeba manam, sanam sxeulis
temperatura ar dava 38°½. saR azrze myof adamians vaZlevT rac
SeiZleba civ sasmelebs. SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT 24-25°½ grili
abazanac. sunTqvis procesis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi vawarmoebT
xelovnuri ventilaciis CarTvas (sunTqva piriT- pirSi).
mzis dartyma
mwvave avadmyofuri mdgomareoba, gamowveuli Tavis

xangrZlivi dasxivebiT mzis ultraiisferi sxivebiT. xSir
SemTxvevaSi mzis dartymas Tan axlavs saerTo
gadaxurebisa da kanis damwvrobis niSnebi. mzis dartyma
vlindeba uecrad, TavbrusxveviT, Tavis tkiviliT, yurebSi
SuiliT, gulis reva-RebinebiT, pulsaciis gaZlierebiT
msxvil sisxlZarRvebSi, saxis kanis hiperemiiT
(SewiTlebiT), cxviridan sisxldeniT, nerwyvis gamoyofis
gaZlierebiT, mTqnarebiT. SesaZlebelia gonebis dakargvac.
pirveladi daxmareba igive, rac siTburi dakvris

SemTxvevaSi.
eleqtrotravma
es niSnavs sxeulis dazianebas eleqtruli deniT. bavSvebi,

moxucebi, qronikuli daavadebiT daavadebuli adamianebi
gansakuTrebiT mgrZnobiareni arian am saxis travmisadmi.
gansakuTrebiT mgrZnobiarea adamianis saxe, mtevani, Sesayaris are,
SedarebiT welis, wviv-quslis midamoebi. mSrali kani gacilebiT
medegia da ar ziandeba 60(V) SemTxvevaSic. sasikvdilo Sedegs iZleva
sunTqvis centris (mogrZo tvinis), daTrgunva, sasunTqi gzebis Zlieri
SekumSva-spazmi. xSir SemTxvevaSi cns daTrgunvas axlavs Tan
mdgomareoba romelsac eleqtronul leTargias uwodeben.
pirveladi daxmareba
gavanTavisufloT dazaralebuli denis moqmedebisagan, aucileblad

Cveni usafrTxoebis sruli dacviT: am mizniT gamoiyeneT iseTi
masala, romelic dens ar atarebs: joxi, gakecili gazeTi, rezinis
fexsacmelebi, sportuli ketebi da tansacmelebi. es yvelaferi
22
gamosadegia mxolod mSral mdgomareobaSi. sasicocxlo funqciebis
ar arsebobis SemTxvevaSi CautarebT xelovnur sunTqvas.
\
m o t e x i l o b a
meqanikuri zemoqmedebiT Zvlis mTlianobis darRvevas motexiloba ewodeba.
mTlianobis nawilobrivi darRvevis SemTxvevaSi _ saqme gvaqvs arasrul
motexilobasTan (gabzarva, atkeCva). arCeven daxurul da Ria motexilobas.
daxuruli motexiloba _ simptomebi:

 tkivili;
 deformacia motexilobis adgilas;
 xraSuni motexil fragmentebs Soris;
 kiduris pasiuri moZraoba;
 menjis Zvlebis motexilobisas dazaralebuls ar SeuZlia fexis zemoT
aweva.
pirveladi samedicino daxmareba daxuruli motexilobis dros:
 gaukeTeT dazaralebuls imobilizacia;
 mxrisa da barZayis Zvlebis motexilobis SemTxvevaSi unda
daafiqsiroT ara nakleb sami saxsrisa;
 daadeT artaSani, ise rom dazianebuli are dafiqsirdes or mezobel
saxsars Soris(motexilobis zemoT da qvemoT);
 artaSani ukeTesia daadoT garedan, tansacmelze da misceT mas
kiduris forma (mavTulis artaSani);
 motexilobis areSi naxveviT fiqsacia ar gaakeToT;
 savele pirobebSi SeiZleba gamoiyenoT ficari, xis toti, qamari,
Toki da sxva improvizirebuli saSualeba;
23
 ukidures SemTxvevaSi dazianebuli fexi daafiqsireT janmrTel fexze,
xolo zeda kiduri_tanze naxvevis saSualebiT.
Tu motexili Zvlis fragmenti azianebs kanis mTlianobas, igi xdeba Ria.

cecxlsasroli iaraRiT miyenebul motexilobas Tan axlavs
sisxlZarRvebisa da nervebis dazianeba, motexiloba damsxvreulia.
pirveladi samedicino daxmareba Ria motexilobis dros:
 kiduris gaSiSvleba, tansacmlis SemoWra;
 sisxldenis SeCereba: damwoli naxvevis, arteruli sisxldenisas
laxtis dadeba;
 Wrilobaze steriluri naxvevis dadeba;
 kiduris imobilizacia;
 Sokis profilaktikis mizniT Tu gaqvT dazaralebuls gaukeTeT
tkivilgamayuCebeli;
 saswrafod gadaiyvaneT saavadmyofoSi.
ar SeiZleba!
 Wrilobaze Sexeba;
 Zvlis namsxvrevebis Casworeba;
 ucxo sxeulebis mocileba.
pirveladi samedicino daxmareba kisris an xerxemlis dazianebis dros:

kisris an xerxemlis dazianebisas an masze eWvis mitanisas
 ar SeiZleba dazaralebulisTvis Tavisa da kisris moZraoba;
 dazaralebuls daufiqsireT Tavi da kiserze gaukeTeT specialuri
sayelo;
 Tu kisris sayelo ar gaqvT, gamoiyeneT rame improvizirebuli
saSualebebi. mag. marlaSi gadaxveuli sqeli bambis sayelos.
 kisrisa da xerxemlis travmis SemTxvvaSi an masze eWvis mitanisas,
dazaralebulis transportireba moaxdineT specialur farze, xis an
faneris zedapirze. am mizniT SeiZleba Senobis karis gamoyenebac.
24
pirveladi samedicino daxmareba menjis Zvlebis motexilobis dros:
menjis Zvlebis motexilobisas an masze eWvis mitanisas
 dazaralebuls zurgis qveS daudeT xis fari an rame improvizirebuli
saSualeba;
 daawvineT “bayayis” poziciaSi:
 fexebi mouxareT muxlis saxsarSi da gadauwieT ganze;
 terfebi daufiqsireT erTad;
 muxlebis qveS daudeT baliSi an tansacmeli.
 saswrafod gadaiyvaneT saavadmyoSi
4. qimiuri iaraRi. qimiuri agentebi. qimiuri agentebi toqsikologiuri

da taqtikuri klasiikacia
miuxedavad mravali xelmowerili saerTaSoriso konvenciisa Tu

xelSekrulebisa qimiuri iaraRis gamoyenebas adgili hqonda (AGENT ORANG”
- vietnamSi 1969w, “MUSTARD GAS - halabjaSi (suraTi 1, 2) 1988w, “SARIN” -
tokios metroSi (suraTi 3 , 4) 1995w da a.S).
(suraTi 1)
(suraTi 2)
(suraTi 3)
(suraTi 4)
qimiuri iaraRi gankuTvnilia cocxali Zalis gasanadgureblad,

iwvevs swraf sikvdils, warmoadgens masobrivi ganadgurebis iaraRs.
25
qimiur iaraRs (suraTi 5) uwodeben qimiur agentebs (momwamlav
nivTierebebs) da maTi gamoyenebis saSualebebs.
(suraTi 5)
qimiur agentebs uwodeben toqsiur qimiur naerTebs, romlebic

gankuTvnilia mowinaaRmdegis cocxali Zalis gasanadgureblad sabrZolo
moqmedebebis dros. TiTeul sabrZolo qimiur agents gaaCnia Tavisi Sifri
(GA, GD da a.S.).
qimiuri iaraRis gamoyeneba, warmoeba da Senaxva akrZalulia haagis
konvenciiT (1899w), Jenevis xelSekrulebiT (1925w) da Jenevis konvenciiT
(1993w). 1993 wels konvencias xeli saqarTvelom moawera.
organizmze moqmedebis mixedviT isini iyofian nervul-paraliTiur
(tabuni (GA), zarini (GB), zomani (GD), ciklozarini (GF), noviCoki, VE, VG,
VM, VR, VX ); kan-rezorbciul (goirdovani ipriti (HD), azotovani ipriti
(HN1), luiziti (L); sisxlis (qlorciani (CK), cianwyalbadmJava (AC); mxuTav
(fosgeni (CG), difosgeni (DP), qlorpikrini (PS); fsiqoqimiur (bi-zeti (BZ));
cremlden da gamaRizianebel ( CS, CR...) agentebad. moqmedebis siswrafis
mixedviT qimiuri agentebi iyofian – sasikvdilo, mwyobridan droebiT
gamomyvanad da mcire droiT mwyobridan gamomyvan agentebad. gamoyenebis
dros qimiuri agentebi imyofebian aerozolur, airwveTovan mdgomareobaSi
(kvamli, nisli). qimiuri agentebis gamoyenebisas warmoqmnili Rrubelis
gavrcelebis siRrme tyian adgilebSi 1.5-3 jer mcirea, vidre Ria
adgilebSi. ganasxvaveben mdgrad da aramdgrad qimiur agentebs. mdgradia
romelTa duRilis temperatura aRemateba 150 graduss da teritoriaze
inarCuneben toqsiurobas 1 saaTze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi (kvireebi,
Tveebi). agentebi 150 gradusze naklebi duRilis temperaturiT
ganekuTvnebian aramdgrad qimiur agentebs da inarCuneben toqsiurobas
teritoriaze 1 saaTamde.
taqtikuri klasifikaciiT qimiuri agentebi iyofian mdgrad (mag:
zarini, zomani, luiziti) da aramdgrad (mag: qlorciani, fosgeni,
difosgeni), swrafad moqmed (mag: cianwyalbadmJava) da nela moqmed
(ipriti) agentebad. mdgradi agentebi gankuTvnilia xangrZlivi droiT
teritoriis dasabinZureblad. am dros dabinZurebul teritoriaze
gaZnelebulia gadaadgilebis da manevrirebis SesaZleblobebi da
aucilebelia individualuri Tavdacvis saSualebebis gamoyeneba.
aramdgradi qimiuri agentebi gamoiyeneba SeteviTi operaciebis dros,
swrafi moqmedebebis uzrunvelsayofad. swrafad moqmedi qimiuri agentebis
gamoyenebisas mowinaaRmdegis sanitarul danakargebs adgili aqvs qimiuri
26
agentebis gamoyenebidan 1 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, nela moqmedi qimiuri
agentebis gamoyenebisas mowinaaRmdegis sanitaruli danakargebi
warmoiqmneba agentebis gamoyenebidan 1 saaTis Semdeg (Tu mowinaaRmdege
ar gavida dabinZurebuli teritoriidan an ar gamoiyena Tavdacvis
saSualebebi).
qimiuri agentebi organizmSi aRweven yvela arsebuli gziT:
inhalaciuri, kanis da saWmlis momnelebeli gziT. qimiuri iaraRis
gamoyenebisas did sirTules warmoadgens sanitaruli danakargebis
gansazRvra, radganac gasaTvaliswinebelia uamravi faqtori, qimiuri
agentebis saxeoba (mdgradia, aramdgradia, swrafad moqmedia Tu sxva),
toqsiurobas (letaluri doza iqna gamoyenebuli, droebiT mwyobridan
gamomyvani doza iqna gamoyenebuli Tu sxva), garemo faqtorebi (wvima,
Tovli, qari, maRali temperatura da a.S). Tu sanitarul danakargad
yvelanairi iaraRis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi miviRebT 100%, maSin qimiur
iaraRze modis 15-17%, polkis danakargi iqneba p/S 3% e.i. 160-180
dazianebuli, diviziis 2-5% e.i. 700-800 dazianebuli, aqedan msubuqi
xarisxis 30%, saSualo 20%, xolo mZime 50 %. savaraudod sanitaruli
danakargebis 80% modis nervul-paraliTiur da saerTo-momwamlav, 10-12%
kan-rezorbciul da 3-5% fsiqoqimiur agentebze.
5. nervul-paralizuri agentebi. fiziko-qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba.

evakuaciis etapebze
tabuni warmoadgens ufero, usuno qimiur agents. duRilis temperatura

151 gradusi. zarini - ufero, usuno. duRilis temperatura 158 gradusi.
zomani - ufero, usuno. duRilis temperatura 200 gradusi. yvela V-gazi -
ufero, usuno. duRilis temperatura 300 gradusi. zemoT ganxiluli
qimiuri agentebi mdgradi da swrafad moqmedebia. ixsnebian organul
gamxsnelebSi (benzini, benzoli, diqloreTani da a.S)
suraTi
27
klinikur suraTSi ganasxvaveben: msubuq anu miozur formas - miozi ,
akomodaciis darRveva, Zlieri salivacia, xvela, gaZnelebuli sunTqva,
SeiZleba daematos miofibrilacia, sisuste saSualo anu bronqospazmuli
forma – miofibrilacia vrceldeba mTel organizmze, bradikardia,
bronqospazmi;
mZime anu krunCxviTi forma – bronqospazmi, cianozi, art. wneva

daqveiTebuli, sasunTqi gzebis daxSoba, tonuri da klonuri krunCxvebi,
romelic mTavrdeba nervul-kunTovani dambliT;
elviseburi forma - 5-10 wuTi faruli stadia aranair klinikur
niSnebs gamovlineba ara aqvs, dazianebuli iRupeba. am formis
mkurnaloba ar arsebobs.
saSualo sasikvdilo doza inhalaciuri gziT zemoqmedebisas
Seadgens 0.01 mg/l, saSualo sasikvdilo doza kanis gziT Seadgens 0.1
mg/kg.
nervul-paraliTiuri qimiuri agentebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi
swrafad unda moxdes airwinaRis Camocma, individualuri damcavi
kombinizonis Cacma kerZod: qimiuri Setevisas an mosalodneli qimiuri
Setevisas Tqven unda SewyvitoT sunTqva da saswrafod gaikeToT
airwinaRi. ar daelodoT brZanebas an gangaSis gamocxadebas qvemoT
moyvanili garemoebis SemTxvevaSi:
•Tqvens poziciebze afeTqda saartilerio an reaqtiuli Wurvi,
romelic gamoyofs kvamls da vrceldeba raionSi;
•daudgeneli wyarodan gamosuli kvamlis moaxloebisas;
•saeWvo sunis mqone aerozolis gavrcelebisas;
•savaraudod dabinZurebul raionSi SeRwevisas;
•qimiurad dabinZurebuli raionebidan daSavebulebis miRebisas;
15. saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis

saministros mier sagangebo situaciebis dros samedicino
uzrunvelyofis ZiriTadi RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba da
ganxorcielebis koordinacia
saministros amocana
sagangebo situaciebze reagirebis saerTo kompleqsur

RonisZiebaTa Soris metad mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos Sromis,
28
janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros roli, rac
gamoixateba mis mier samedicino uzrunvelyofis ZiriTadi
RonisZiebebis SemuSavebasa da ganxorcielebis koordinaciaSi.
saministros koordinatori warmodgenilia Sss ss marTvis

departamentSi krizisebis marTvis centrSi da iq miRebul samTavrobo
gadawyvetilebebs gadascems saministros, romelic miRebuli
davalebebisa da reagirebis gegmis farglebSi warmarTavs Semdgom
muSaobas.
ZiriTadi amocana - samedicino daxmarebis uzrunvelyofa, rac

gulisxmobs pirvel rigSi gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis
aRmoCenas da SemdgomSi diferencirebuli saeqimo daxmarebis
aRmoCenis sakiTxis gadawyvetas, dazaralebulTa daniSnulebis
punqtSi gagzavnis organizebas, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi sagangebo
situaciis zonaSi savele hospitlebis gaSlas da maTTvis saWiro
personalis mobilizebas, higienuri da epidsawinaaRmdego
zedamxedvelobis uzrunvelyofas, epidemiis savaraudo kerebis
gamovlenas da maTi likvidaciisaTvis gasatarebeli RonisZiebebis
koordinacias, specifiuri (tuberkulozuri, narkologiuri,
fsiqonevrologiuri, veneriuli) avadmyofebis, agreTve SezRuduli
SesaZleblobis mqone pirebis gansakuTrebuli dacvis qveS ayvanas;
epizootiuri zedamxedvelobis uzrunvelyofas - gansakuTrebulad
saSiSi infeqciebis warmoSobis asacileblad profilaqtikuri
RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas (sagangebo situaciebis zonis
epizootologiuri gamokvlevis Catareba da gansakuTrebulad saSiSi
infeqciebis baqteriologiuri laboratoriuli gamokvlevebis
ganxorcieleba);
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba sagangebo situaciebisTvis

samedicino maragis Seqmnis uzrunvelyofas; mosaxleobis
imunizaciisa da profilaqtikuri mkurnalobis Catarebis mizniT
saWiro vaqcinebis momaragebas; aucilebel samedicino inventarsa da
preparatebze, adamianTa resursebsa da specialistebze moTxovnilebis
gansazRvras rogorc sakuTar qveyanaSi, ise sxva saxelmwifoebidan;
29
sagangebo situaciebis dros SesaZloa Tavad samkurnalo
dawesebulebebi moxvdes katastrofis zonaSi, amitom
dazaralebulebisaTvis operatiuli da uwyveti samedicino daxmarebis
aRmoCenis mizniT unda Sefasdes samedicino dawesebulebebis
gadarCenili (SenarCunebuli) struqturuli erTeulebis gamoyenebis
xarisxi, an SesaZloa saWiro gaxdes alternatiul dawesebulebaSi
gadaadgilebis dagegmva (ramdenime samsaxuris, saavadmyofos nawilis
an mTlianad saavadmyofos evakuacia). mosaxleoba mudmivad unda iyos
informirebuli ama Tu im samedicino samsaxuris dislokaciis
adgilis Secvlis Taobaze.
metad didia saswrafo daxmarebisa da pirveladi saeqimo
brigadebis pasuxismgebloba, romlebic uSualod gadian dazianebis
keraSi. maT formirebas da koordinacias axorcielebs Sesabamisi
samsaxuri.
gansakuTrebulad mZime avadmyofebisaTvis ganisazRvreba maTi sxva

qalaqebsa da saxelmwifoebSi evakuaciis SesaZlebloba da organizeba,
aseve maTi uzrunvelyofa koleqtiuri da individualuri dacvis
saSualebebiT .
urTierTTanamSromloba da mxardaWera sxva uwyebebis mxridan
saministro funqcionirebs sxva uwyebebTan mudmivi koordinaciisa

da TanamSromlobis principiT. es uwyebebia;
saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sagangebo situaciebis

marTvis departmenti;
saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sajaro samarTlis

iuridiuli piri _ sapatrulo policiis departamenti;
saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sajaro samarTlis

iuridiuli piri - dacvis policiis departamenti
saqarTvelos iusticiis saministro;
saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro –saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi

monawileobas iRebs sagangebo situaciebis zonaSi
dazaralebulTaTvis pirveladi samedicino da saswrafo daxmarebis
aRmoCenaSi kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT.
30
saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis saministro - axorcielebs
kvebis produqtebis, sakvebi nedleulis kontrolsa da eqspertizas.
awyobs dazianebis kerebSi fito da veterinarul karantinebs, wyvets
avadmyofebis kvebiT uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebs da daxmarebis
aRmoCenis dros warmoqmnil sxva problemebs.
saqarTvelos wiTeli jvris sazogadoeba – uzrunvelyofs

pirvelad samedicino daxmarebasa da dazaralebulTa samedicino
daxmarebas, agreTve savele hosptalis mowyobas.
krizisebis marTvis operatiuli centris gadawyvetilebis

safuZvelze saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri
dacvis saministro iwyebs Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas.
(funqcia 6)
muSaobas iwyebs saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da

socialuri dacvis saministros sagangebo Stabi, romelic
funqcionirebs saministroSi arsebuli reagirebis gegmis mixedviT;
iqmneba sagangebo situaciaze pirveladi reagirebis jgufebi.
saministro uzrunvelyofs uflebamosili eqspertebis mivlinebas
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis sagangebo Stabebsa da
savele operaciebis centrSi.
sagangebo Stabi mudmiv kontaqtzea Sesabamis samedicino

dawesebulebebTan, raTa ganisazRvros mimdinare samedicino
moTxovnebi. saministros sagangebo Stabma SeiZleba moiTxovos
daxmareba mxardamWeri uwyebebidan, Tu sakuTari ZalebiT ver
uzrunvelyofs sagangebo daxmarebis funqcia N6-is Sesrulebas.
saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sagangebo situaciebis

marTvis departamenti koordinacias uwevs Sromis, janmrTelobisa da
socialuri dacvis saministros, da sxva uwyebebs, raTa moxdes
riskebis analizi, Sefaseba da daxmarebis aRmoCena.
31
mosaxleobis janmrTeloba
katastrofebis SemTxvevebis marTva
03 katastrofis medicinis centrebi
regioni samedicino rezervebi

jandacvis
saministro
katastrofis adgilze daxmareba/transportireba

zona
Sss sagangebo situaciebis

stacionari departamentis
antikrizisuli
marTvis centri
referaluri
saavadmyofo sxva moreagire sistemebi
ganixilaven operatiuli reagirebis 2 formas:
pirveladi reagireba
• mosaxleobis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sefaseba da

moTxovnebis gansazRvra, samedicino uzrunvelyofa:
• monitoringi
• samedicino daxmarebis personali
• samedicino aRWurviloba da resursebi
• avadmyofTa evakuacia
• dazaralebulTauzrunvelyofa medikamentebiT
• sisxli da sisxlis produqtebi
• samedicino personalis janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis
uzrunvelyofa
• samedicino konsultacia, teqnikuri daxmareba
• mosaxleobis informireba
• saSiS daavadebaTa kontroli
grZelvadiani reagireba
• sagangebo Stabi
• samedicino reagirebis jgufebis aqtivacia
32
• samedicino transportirebis moTxovnis koordinacia
• samedicino aRWurvilobis SeZenis, awyobis da miwodebis
koordinacia
• moqmedebis Semdgomi moxsenebebi
samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi
romelTa bazazec axorcielebs saministro Tavis funqcia-

movaleobebs:
• saministros debuleba;
• saqarTvelos kanoni ,,bunebrivi da teqnogenuri xasiaTis
sagangebo situaciebisagan mosaxleobisa da teritoriis dacvis
Sesaxeb’’ (8 ivnisi 2007 w.);
• ,,bunebrivi da teqnogenuri xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebze
erovnuli reagirebis gegmis damtkicebis Sesaxeb’’ saqarTvelos
prezidentis 2008 wlis 26 agvistos #415 brZanebuleba;
• saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2008 wlis 21 martis #69 dadgenileba
,,sagangebo situaciebis marTvis samTavrobo komisiis debulebis
damtkicebis Sesaxeb’’;
• saministros debuleba;
• saqarTvelos kanoni ,,bunebrivi da teqnogenuri xasiaTis
sagangebo situaciebisagan mosaxleobisa da teritoriis dacvis
Sesaxeb’’ (8 ivnisi 2007 w.);
• ,,bunebrivi da teqnogenuri xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebze
erovnuli reagirebis gegmis damtkicebis Sesaxeb’’ saqarTvelos
prezidentis 2008 wlis 26 agvistos #415 brZanebuleba;
• saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2010 wlis 4 ivnisis #153 dadgenileba
,,sagangebo situaciebze reagirebis Zalebis wesdebis damtkicebis
Sesaxeb’’;
• saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2010 wlis 4 ivnisis #154 dadgenileba
,,usafrTxoebis deklaraciis wardgenis wesis Sesaxeb instruqciis
damtkicebis Taobaze’’;
• saqarTvelos kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb”;
• saqarTvelos kanoni sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis Sesaxeb;
• saqarTvelos kanoni sagangebo mdgomareobebis Sesaxeb.
33
saministros sagangebo Stabi
sagangebo daxmarebis funqcia 6-is amoqmedebasa da mis

koordinacias axorcielebs saministros sagangebo Stabi, romelic
moqmedebs dargobrivi reagirebis gegmis Sesabamisad da mis
funqcionirebas xels uwyobs saministros sagangebo situaciebis
koordinaciisa da reJimis departamenti;
saqarTvelos prezidentis 2008 wlis 26 agvistos #415

brZanebulebiT damtkicebuli reagirebis erovnuli gegmis Sesabamisad
saministros mier yvela profilis stacionarul da ambulatoriuli
tipis samedicino dawesebulebas gaegzavna moTxovna sagangebo
situaciebze saavadmyofoTa mzadyofnis da reagirebis gegmebis
SemuSavebis Taobaze. am etapze, saministroSi warmodgenili da
SeTanxmebulia orasamde samedicino dawesebulebis sagangebo
situaciebze reagirebis gegma;
saministros sagangebo Stabs xelmZRvanelobs saqarTvelos

Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministri, Stabis
SemadgenlobaSi Sedian ministris moadgileebi, saministros
struqturuli qvedanayofebis/departamentebis, saministros
mmarTvelobis sferoSi Semavali saxelmwifo saqveuwyebo
dawesebulebebis da saministros saxelmwifo kontrols
daqvemdebarebuli sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis
xelmZRvanelebi.
34
Setyobinebis sqema
ministri
ministris pirveli ministris moadgileebi

moadgile
daavadebaTa kontrolisa saministros centraluri

da sazogadoebrivi sagangebo
situaciebis aparatis struqturuli
janmrTelobis erovnuli koordinaciisa da qvedanayofebi
centri reJimis (departamentebi)
departamenti
877 92 92 83
socialuri subsidiebis 877 92 29 37 veteranTa departamenti
saagento 877 28 28 68
samedicino saqmianobis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros

saxelmwifo regulirebis sagangebo situaciebis marTvis
saagento departamentis krizisebis
marTvis sauwyebaTaSoriso
operatiuli centri
saministros sagangebo Stabis funqcia-movaleobebia:
• sagangebo daxmarebis funqcia 6-is amoqmedeba da saministros

dargobrivi reagirebis da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis RonisZiebaTa gegmis
aqtivacia sagangebo situaciebis saxeobis Sesabamisad;
• sagangebo situaciebis dros Sromis, janmrTelobisa da
socialuri dacvis saministros sistemis da jandacvis sferoSi
Sesabamisi Zalebisa da saSualebebis mobilizeba;
• mosaxleobis samedicino uzrunvelyofis mizniT da
samoqalaqo Tavdacvis saWiroebebidan gamomdinare samedicino
formirebaTa Seqmnis koordinacia;
• samedicino dawesebulebebis moqmedebaTa da samedicino
dawesebulebebs Soris gadaudebeli mdgomareobebisas drouli
samedicino transportirebis koordinacia;
• saministros strategiuli maragebis da saministrosTvis
sagangebo situaciebis dros gadacemuli humanitaruli tvirTis
ganawilebis koordinacia;
• saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, mxardamWeri uwyebebidan Sesabamisi
moTxovnis deklarireba.
Zalebi da saSualebebi
ra Zalebi da saSualebebi gaaCnia jandacvis saministros am

procedurebis operatiulad da efeqturad warsamarTavad?
35
centraluri done:
• saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis

saministros sagangebo situaciebis koordinaciisa da reJimis
departamenti;
• sagangebo situaciebis marTvis centralizebuli sistemis da

referaluri mimarTvianobis gaumjobesebis mizniT sagangebo
situaciebis koordinaciisa da reJimis departamentSi Seiqmna
gadaudebeli mdgomareobebis marTvis centri, romelic rogorc
sagangebo situaciebis dros, aseve yoveldRiur reJimSi koordinacias
uwevs pacientTa referals da transportirebas 24 saaTis
ganmavlobaSi;
• qveynis masStabiT dainstalirda radioretranslatoruli

qseli da katastrofis medicinis centrebi aRiWurva kavSirgabmulobis
alternatiuli saSualebebiT .
• departamentSi SemuSavda „katastrofebisa da gadaudebel

daxmarebis samsaxurebis monitoringis eleqtronuli programa“,
romelic onlain reJimSi uzrunvelyofs reanimobilebis marSrutis,
pacientTa mdgomareobis, samedicino daxmarebis saxis gansazRvras da
Sesabamis stacionarSi ganTavsebas. mimdinareobs aRniSnuli sistemis
danergva katastrofebisa da gadaudebeli daxmarebis centrebSi mTeli
qveynis masStabiT. programa koordiancias gauwevs pacientTa
referals/transportirebas rogorc sagangebo situaciebis dros, aseve
yoveldRiur samuSao reJimSi;
• departamentis gadaudebeli mdgomareobebis marTvis centrSi

Seqmnilia sisxlis da sisxlis komponentebis maragebis sainformacio
baza. mudmivad mimdinareobs sisxlis arsebuli maragebis monitoringi
da informaciis ganaxleba. informacia xelmisawvdomia samedicino
dawesebulebebisaTvis 24 saaTian reJimSi;
aseva mniSvnelovania codna hospitaluri resursis Sesaxeb:
• reanimaciuli sawolebi
• xelovnuri sunTqvis aparatebi
• qirurgiuli brigadebi
• sisxlis bankebi
36
• axalSobilTa inkubatorebi (kuvezi)
• gadaudebeli daxmarebis avtotransporti
saministros muSaoba konfliqtebisa da epidemiebis dros
axlo warsulis magaliTebs Tu ganvixilavT, 2008 wlis ruseT-

saqarTvelos omis dros saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da
socialuri dacvis saministroSi ministris 09.08.08. #191/o brZanebiT
Seiqmna Stabi; sagangebo situaciebis koordinaciisa da reJimis
departamenti Stabis saqmianobis farglebSi koordinacias uwevda
dazaralebulTa droul samedicino transportirebas da samedicino
dawesebulebebis urTierTSeTanxmebul funqcionirebas; saomari
moqmedebebis dros dazaralebuli mosaxleobis samedicino
momsaxurebas uzrunvelyofda 43 saavadmyofo mTeli qveynis
masStabiT, “Tbilisis saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis centri”,
regionuli saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis samsaxurebi; srulad
dakompleqtda savele hospitali
saomar zonaSi mobilizebuli iyo 28 erTeuli maRali gamavlobis

saswrafo daxmarebis manqana, 30 reanimobili, 65 erTeuli saswrafo
samedicino daxmarebis manqana,.
rac Seexeba pandemiur (H1N1) 2009 grips, pandemiur periodSi

sagangebo situaciebis koordinaciisa da reJimis departamenti
axorcielebda pandemiuri gripis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebis marTvas:
24 saaTian reJimSi (SabaT-kviris CaTvliT) mimdinareobda
saavadmyofoebis datvirTvis, gamoTavisuflebuli sawolebis da
xelovnuri sunTqvis aparatebis mudmiv monitoringi da pacientTa
nakadis mimarTvianobis, transportirebis da ganTavsebis koordinacia;
yvela samedicino dawesebulebas, maTi moTxovnis safuZvelze,

gamartivebuli wesiT, dauyovnebliv gadascemoda antivirusul
medikamentebi da damcavi niRbebi rogorc TbilisSi, aseve regionebSi
(mag. erT dReSi moxda yvela poliklinikis uzrunvelyofa niRbebiT).
arasamuSao saaTebSi da SabaT-kviras antivirusuli medikamentebis
gacema xdeboda departamentis gadaudebeli mdgomareobebis marTvis
centris mier 24 saaTian reJimSi. regionul da raionul samedicino
37
dawesebulebebs antivirusuli medikamentebi da damcavi niRbebi
gadaecemodaT regionebSi departamentis warmomadgenlebis meSveobiT.
saavadmyofoebSi moxda ganyofilebebis profilis Secvla,

sawolTa fondis mobilizacia, gazrda da izolireba.
qveynis masStabiT moxda saavadmyofoebis simZlavreebis gazrda,

departamentis organizebiT, pandemiuri (H1N1) gripis etiologiis,
paTogenezis, klinikis, diagnostikis da profilaqtika-mkurnalobis
Temebze leqcia/seminarebi Cautarda 4500 eqims rogorc TbilisSi
(Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministroSi), aseve
regionebSi.
leqciebi CautardaT Tavdacvis saministros, sasjelaRsrulebis

departamentis da saapelacio sasamarTlos samedicino personals;
sainformacio-saganmanaTleblo leqciebi CautardaT saqarTvelos

teqnikuri universitetis studentebs da sxvadasxva saxelmwifo
uwyebebis TanamSromlebs;
pandemiur periodSi, Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri

dacvis saministroSi, yovelkvireulad (yovel paraskevs), tardeboda
gafarToebuli sainformacio Sexvedrebi rogorc samedicino, aseve
samoqalaqo sazogadoebisTvis da JurnalistebisTvis, sadac maT
miewodebodaT siaxleebi pandemiur gripTan dakavSirebiT;
pandemiur periodSi, departamentSi 24 saaTian reJimSi

funqcionirebda cxeli xazi, romlis saSualebiT, samedicino
personali da moqalaqeebi, iRebdnen amomwurav informacias pandemiuri
gripis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT;
departamentis mier momzadda da qveynis masStabiT samedicino

dawesebulebebs gaegzavnaT werilebi departamentSi arsebuli cxeli
xazis satelefono nomrebis da gaidlainebis/protokolebis internet
misamarTis (saministros vebgverdze) miTiTebiT.
saganmanaTleblo da sainformacio samuSaoebi
departamentis TanamSromlebma da warmomadgenlebma ganaxorcieles

vizitebi saqarTvelos yvela regionSi, Sexvdnen samedicino
dawesebulebebis personals, miawodes maT informacia pandemiuri
gripis prevenciuli RonisZiebebis da marTvis organizaciul
38
sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, gadasces gaidlainebi, protokolebi da
jandacvis msoflio organizaciis rekomendaciebi.
departamentis organizebiT, 2007 wlidan mimdinareobs

gadaudebeli samedicino momsaxurebisaTvis adamianuri resursis –
maSveli rezervistebis, eqim rezervistebisa da eqimi rezervistis
TanaSemweebis etapobrivi mzadeba:
2008 wels momzadda 200 jandacvis specialisti ( eqimebi da

menejerebi). swavleba Catarda TbilisSi, imereTis, samegrelo-zemo
svaneTis da Sida qarTlis regionebSi. swavlebis periodSi Catarda
ori simulaciuri savarjiSo;
2009-10 wlebSi momzadda 400 specialisti (eqimi, menejeri da

maSveli). treningi Catarda TbilisSi, samcxe-javaxeTis, Sida qarTlis,
imereTis da kaxeTis regionebSi. Catarda 2 katastrofis imitacia;
saswavlo kursi moicavda 2 simulaciur savarjiSos (erTi masStaburi
katastrofis imitacia Catarda TbilisSi da erTi samagido savarjiSo
regionSi). swavleba Catarda TbilisSi, imereTis da aWaris regionebSi;
momzadda sarekomendacio masalebi, gaidlainebi da protokolebi:

SemuSavda “rekomendaciebi sagangebo situaciebze saavadmyofoTa
mzadyofnis, reagirebis da Sedegebis likvidaciis gegmebis momzadebis
sakiTxebze”, romelic gaegzavna yvela saavadmyofos mTeli qveynis
masStabiT. samedicino dawesebulebebis xelmZRvanelebs CautardaT
instruqtaJi saavadmyofos doneze mzadyofnis gegmebis SemuSavebis
Taobaze;
saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis

ministris 2009 wlis 19 noembris #381/o brZanebiT damtkicda
pandemiuri (H1N1) 2009 gripis klinikuri praqtikis erovnuli
rekomendacia (gaidlaini) da pandemiuri (H1N1) 2009 gripis klinikuri
mdgomareobis marTvis saxelmwifo standarti (protokoli);
39
16. sagangebo situaciaTa marTvis samedicino formirebebisa da
dawesebulebebis momarageba samedicino, sanitarul-sameurneo da
specialuri masalebiTa da saSualebebiT
samedicino logistika
sagangebo situaciebis dros mosaxleobis warmatebuli da
Sedegiani samedicino uzrunvelyofa (logistika) gulisxmobs
samedicino daxmarebis gawevas adgilebze, daSavebulTa evakuacias,
triaJs da specializebul, diferencirebul daxmarebas. am rTuli misiis
Sesruleba ki warmoudgenelia samedicino dawesebulebebisa da
formirebebis samedicino qonebiT kargad dagegmili da uwyveti
momaragebis gareSe. katastrofis dros(saomari da bunebrivi
kataklizmebi) adgili aqvs masobriv dazianebebs, rac saWiroebs
samedicino saSualebebis did raodenobas. SesaZloa samedicino
dawesebulebebi an samedicino qonebis sacavebi Tavad aRmoCndes
dazianebis keraSi. maTi ganadgureba an mwyobridan gamosvla gamoiwvevs
maragebis Sevsebis SezRudvas. aseT viTarebaSi gansakuTrebulad
mniSvnelovania samedicino maragebis moZiebisa da Sevsebis sakiTxi.
Cvens qveyanaSi samedicino dawesebulebebisa da sxva samaSvelo
formirebebis(aseve dazaralebuli mosaxleobis) samedicino qonebiT
uzrunvelyofa xorcieldeba Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri
dacvis saministros xelmZRvanelobiT. qveyanas gaaCnia aucilebeli
resursi(saxelmwifo, regionul da raionul doneze), romelic
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moTxovnisas gaicema ganacxadebis safuZvelze.
momaragebis samsaxuris amocanebi
samedicino momaragebis marTvis organizebis ZiriTad amocanas
warmoadgens:
- dawesebulebebisa da formirebebis samedicino momaragebis gegmis
SemuSaveba,
- Casatarebeli samkurnalo-saevakuacio, sanitarul-higienuri da
epidsawinaaRmdego RonisZiebaTa gaTvaliswineba,
- aucilebeli samedicino maragebis dagroveba, Senaxva da drouli
ganaxleba. maTi dacva masobrivi dazianebis iaraRisgan,
- sagangebo situaciis dros samedicino dawesebulebebisa da
formirebebis drouli da uwyveti momaragebis organizeba,
- samedicino dawesebulebebisa da formirebebis personalis
swavleba samedicino qonebis racionaluri moxmarebis da gafrTxilebis
Sesaxeb,
- qonebis xarjvis aRricxva-angariSgeba.
qonebis saxeebi
qoneba, romelic saWiroa samedicino dawesebulebebisa da
formirebebis aRsaWurvad, iyofa sam jgufad:
- samedicino, romelsac miekuTvneba medikamentebi, Sesaxvevi da
sakeravi masala, biopreparatebi, sadezinfeqcio saSualebebi,
stomatologiuri, rentgenologiuri da laboratoriuli masalebi,
aparatura, instrumentebi da inventari, avadmyofis movlis sagnebi.
40
- sanitarul-sameurneo, romelsac miekuTvneba aveji, sasadilo da
samzareulo inventari, loginis da piradi TeTreuli, xalaTi da Custi.
- specialuri, romelsac miekuTvneba radiaciuli da qimiuri
dazvervis xelsawyoebi, sasunTqi gzebisa da kanis damcavi saSualebebi,
sainJinro da xanZarsawinaaRmdego masalebi.
samedicino qonebis klasifikacia
xarjvadi, romelsac aqvs vargisianobis vada da aris erTjeradi
moxmarebis da
inventaruli, romelsac aqvs 5 kategoria:

I kategoria - sruliad axali, romelic ar Sesula
eqsploataciaSi
II kategoria – eqsploataciaSi myofi, gamarTuli
III kategoria – eqvemdebareba Sualedur remonts
IV kategoria – eqvemdebareba kapitalur remonts
V kategoria – gamosulia mwyobridan da eqvemdebareba Camoweras
da daSlas saTadarigo nawilebad gamoyenebis mizniT.
41
42
samedicino dawesebulebebis aRWurva
sagangebo situaciis dros yvela samkurnalo dawesebuleba
(hospitali) modis mzadyofnaSi daSavebulta didi nakadebis misaRebad.
maT profils gansazRvravs jandacvis saministro da funqcionireben
Tavisi kompetenciis farglebSi reagirebis gegmis Sesabamisad.
“reagirebis gegmis” mixedviT yvela samkurnalo dawesebuleba
valdebulia iqonios aucilebeli samedicino qonebis garkveuli maragi.
gegmaSi gawerili unda iyos im samedicino da farmacevtuli kompaniebis,
sisxlis bankis, Jangbadis saamqros da sxva dawesebulebebis CamonaTvali,
romelTanac gaformebulia xelSekrulebebi gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi
saWiro qonebiT uzrunvelyofis mizniT.
hospitlebi aRWurvili unda iyos xelovnuri sunTqvis aparatebiT,
narkotikuli da fsiqotropuli medikamentebiT, sisxliTa da sisxlis
SemcvlelebiT, tkivilgamayuCeblebit, antibiotikebiT, antidotebiT,
Sesaxvevi da sakeravi masalebiT, SratebiT da vaqcinebiT, sadiagnostiko
masalebiT. samedicino dawesebulebebi mzad unda iyos pacientTa
sadReRamiso miRebisa da momsaxurebisTvis da Sesabamisad uwyvetad
maragdebodes farmacevtuli saSualebebiT.
mniSvnelovania aseve samkurnalo dawesebulebebis momarageba
sakvebi produqtiT, JangbadiT, komunalur-sayofacxovrebo da sxva
materialur-teqnikuri saSualebebiT.
43
pirveli daxmarebis samsaxurebis aRWurva
rac Seexeba samaSvelo(romelTa SemadgenlobaSi aris samedicino
personali) da pirveli samedicino daxmarebis formirebebs, maT
aRWurvaSi aris rogorc individualuri dacvis saSualebebi
(individualuri afTiaqi, individualuri qimsawinaaRmdego paketi, indiv.
Sesaxvevi paketi), aseve samedicino CanTebi im aucilebeli
medikamentebiTa da samedicino sagnebiT, romlebic saWiroa adgilebze
pirveli da gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis aRmosaCenad, kerZod:
tkivilgamayuCeblebi, gadasasxmelebi, antibiotikebi(aerozolis an
siTxis saxiT, raTa dauyovnebliv moxdes dazianebuli adgilebis
damuSaveba da Semcirdes dainficirebis albaToba), tetanusis
sawinaaRmdego da antigangrenozuli Sratebi, antiseptikebi, laxti,
artaSnebi, Sesaxvevi da sakeravi masalebi, sxvadasxva saxis safenebi,
instumentebi(makrateli, momWeri, skalpeli, laringoskopi, ambus parki,
wnevis aparati, kisris fiqsatori da sxva) da uwyvet reJimSi
mimdinareobs gaxarjuli qonebis axliT Sevseba.
ESeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros, sadac monawileoben samxedro
formirebebi, samxedro medikosebi da aseve samxedro transporti
(vertmfreni, tanki, javSantransportiori, avtomobili)aRWurvili arian
sxvadasxva saxis samedicino kompleqtebiT, sadac Sedis is aucilebeli
qoneba, romelic konkretuli samxedro personis(eqimi, sabrZolo
medikosi, sabrZolo maSveli) an transportisTvis aris saWiro.
44
45
aRniSnul qonebas waredgineba gansakuTrebuli moTxovnebi:
kompleqturoba, anu qonebis dajgufeba samedicino daxmarebis
saxeobis an funqcionaluri niSniT, kompleqti gaTvlilia
dazaralebulTa gansazRvrul raodenobaze.
portatuloba, rac niSnavs, rom is unda iyos martivi
konstruqciis, msubuqi,
simtkice, radganac is aris mravaljeradi da xangrZlivi
gamoyenebisTvis,
mdgradi temperaturuli cvalebadobis mimarT,
hermetulad SefuTuli, rac icavs mtvrisa da sinestisgan, mavne
zemoqmedebebisagan da saWiroebisas SesaZlebels xdis maT dezinfeqcias,
degazacias da dezaqtivacias.
spectransportis aRWurva
pacientTa evakuacia stacionalur dawesebulebebSi xorcieldeba
spectransportiT – reanimobilebiT, romlebic aRWurvilia rogorc
aucilebeli medikamentebiT, aseve samedicino aparaturiTa da JangbadiT.
arsebobs sxvadasxva tevadobis spectransporti, sadac pacientebis
ganTavseba xdeba gansazRvruli TanmimdevrobiT. drouli evakuacia
didwilad gansazRvravs maTi sicocxlis gadarCenas.
urTierTTanamSromloba
samedicino-samaSvelo brigadebSi, garda sagangebo situaciaTa
samsaxurebis samedicino personalisa, aqtiurad monawileoben sxva
eqimebic, romelTac koordinacias uwevs Sromis, janmrTelobis da
socialuri dacvis saministros Sesabamisi samsaxuri. es samsaxuri
axorcielebs aseve sazRvargareTis qveynebidan humanitaruli daxmarebis
saxiT Semosuli samkurnalo saSualebebiT hospitlebis momaragebas.
46
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi dazianebulTa daxmarebaSi erToba saerTaSoriso
institutebi.
epidemiis zona, mobiluri savele hospitali
epidemiebisa da iseTi katastrofebis dros, romelsac Tan axlavs
momwamvleli nivTierebebis gaJonva, samaSvelo samsaxurebi aRiWurveba
Sesabamisi samosiT(spectansacmeli), xelsawyoebiT da sadezinfeqcio da
sadegazacio saSualebebiT. am dros garkveul teritoriaze
gamocxaddeba karantini, romlis zonaSi samoqalaqo dawesebulebebi
SesaZloa gamoyenebul iqnes droebiTi infeqciuri stacionaris
gasaSlelad, sadac moxdeba daSavebulTa da maTi tansacmlis
sanitaruli damuSaveba, dezinfeqcia, dezaqtivacia da degazacia.
rodesac katastrofis masStabebi Zalian didia, Sesabamisad
izrdeba daWrilTa da daSavebulTa raodenobac. SesaZloa daziandes
TviT samkurnalo dawesebulebebic da moiSalos samedicino daxmarebis
infrastruqtura. am dros ganixileba misi nawilobrivi an mTliani
evakuaciis sakiTxi, xolo aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi iSleba mobiluri
savele hospitali. bolo wlebis gamocdilebam aCvena, rom isini
funqcionireben mniSvnelovani warmatebiT, Tumca aris ZviradRirebuli.
mosalodneli bunebrivi safrTxeebisa da im gamowvevebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic Cveni qveynis winaSe dgas, saerTaSoriso
humanitaruli organizaciebis TanadgomiTa da rekomendaciebiT
SemuSavda programebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi, romlis mizania samedicino
personalis uwyveti swavleba da treningebi, raTa maT eqstremalur
pirobebSi SeZlon dazianebulTaTvis drouli da efeqturi daxmarebis
aRmoCena, danakargebis Semcireba da meti sicocxlis gadarCena.
17. samoqalaqo Tavdacva da misi amocanebi
dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi arsebobs sagangebo situaciebis Tavidan

acilebis, am situaciiT gamowveuli Sedegebis likvidaciis erTiani
sistema (SemdgomSi sistema).
qveynis Tavdacvisunarianobis ganmtkicebis saqmeSi sagangebo
situaciebis marTvisa da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis erTiani sistemis roli da
amocanebi didze didia, misi arsi ganisazRvreba:
_ qveynis sazogadoebriv-politikuri xasiaTiT;
_ mTavrobis sagareo da saSinao politikiT;
_ im omis politikuri SinaarsiTa da xasiaTiT, romelsac sax-
elmwifo awarmoebs;
_ mosalodneli stiqiuri ubedurebebis xasiaTiTa da moculobiT.
samoqalaqo Tavdacva saerTo saxelmwifoebrivi socialur da
TavdacviT RonisZiebaTa sistemis Semadgeneli nawilia, romelic igegmeba
da xorcieldeba mSvidobianobisa da omis dros mosaxleobis dasacavad,
ekonomikis obieqtebis stabiluri funqcionirebis SesanarCuneblad da
agreTve dazianebis kerebSi samaSvelo da sxva saxis gadaudebeli
samuSaoebis Casatareblad.
47
samoqalaqo Tavdacvis ZiriTadi amocanebia:
1. mosaxleobis dacva stiqiuri ubedurebebis, avariebisa da
katastrofebisagan, aseve omianobis periodSi ra iaraRic ar unda iyos
gamoyenebuli mowinaaRmdegis mier;
2. samaSvelo da sxva gadaudebeli samuSaoebis Catareba,
dazaralebuli mosaxleobisaTvis daxmarebis aRmoCena;
3. ekonomikis obieqtebisa da dargebis mdgradobis amaRleba; (es
sakiTxi ganxilulia Tema 3.- is sagangebo situaciebis dros kritikuli
infrastruqturis dacvis safuZvlebSi).
xolo ZiriTadidan gamomdinareobes aseve Semdegi amocanebi:
4. sasoflo-sameurneo cxovelebis, mcenareebis, sursaTis, sakvebis,
wylis sacavebisa da wyliT mommaragebeli sistemebis dacva
radioaqtiuri, qimiuri da baqteriologiuri dazianebisagan; mowamvlisa
da daavadebaTa Sedegebis likvidaciis RonisZiebebis Catareba;
5. sagangebo situaciebis Sedegebis salikvidacio Zalebis Seqmna,
maTi aRWurva da mudmivi mzadyofna;
6. mosaxleobis sayovelTao aucilebeli swavleba stiqiuri
ubedurebebis, avariebisa da katastrofebisagan TavdacvisaTvis, aseve
moqmedeba mowinaaRmdegis Tavdasxmis Sedegebis likvidaciisaTvis;
7. marTvis punqtebis, Setyobinebebisa da kavSirgabmulobis
sistemisa da saSualebebis Seqmna da mudmivi mzadyofna; radiaciul,
qimiur da baqteriologiur dazianebebze meTvalyureoba da kontroli,
aseve mosaxleobis informireba mosalodneli ubedurebebis SemTxvevaSi.
18. sagangebo situaciebis marTvis erTiani saxelmwifo sistema
qveyanaSi sagangebo situaciebisagan mosaxleobisa da teritoriis

dacvis RonisZiebebis organizebisa da marTvis uzrunvelsayofad
funqcionirebs sagangebo situaciebis Tavidan acilebis, am situaciiT
gamowveuli Sedegebis likvidaciis erTiani sistema. igi warmoadgens
saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier gansazRvrul saministroTa, maTi
mmarTvelobis sferoSi Semaval saxelmwifo saqveuwyebo dawesebulebaTa
da sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirTa erTobliobas, romelTa mizania
sagangebo situaciis Tavidan acileba, xolo misi warmoqmnis SemTxvevaSi -
sagangebo situaciiT gamowveuli Sedegebis likvidacia, mosaxleobis
usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa, ekonomikis obieqtebisa da bunebrivi
garemos dacva da materialuri zianis Semcireba.
sagangebo situaciiT gamowveuli Sedegebis likvidacias
axorcieleben saqarTvelos saxelmwifo xelisuflebis, afxazeTisa da
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikebis saxelmwifo xelisuflebisa da
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi, agreTve iuridiuli pirebi,
romelTa faqtobriv mflobelobaSi arsebul teritoriazedac maTive
braleulobiT warmoiqmna sagangebo situacia, maT xelT arsebuli
sagangebo situaciebze reagirebis Zalebisa da saSualebebis gamoyenebiT.
Tu aRniSnuli ZalebiTa da saSualebebiT SeuZlebelia sagangebo
situaciiT gamowveuli Sedegebis likvidacia, salikvidacio RonisZiebebSi
monawileoben erTian sistemaSi Semavali Sesabamisi organoebi.
policia, saxanZro-samaSvelo Zalebi, samedicino daxmarebis
brigadebi pirvelebi midian incidentis adgilze, amitom maTi mxridan
saWiroa drouli da mizanmimarTuli reagireba.
48
saqarTvelos prezidenti sagangebo situaciebisagan mosaxleobisa da
teritoriis dacvis sferoSi uzrunvelyofs saxelmwifo politikis
ganxorcielebas, gamoscems Sesabamis samarTlebriv aqtebs sagangebo
situaciebisagan mosaxleobisa da teritoriis dacvis sferoSi.
rodesac qveyana cxovrobs Cveulebrivi ritmiT da ar arsebobs
sagangebo situaciebis warmoSobis gaZlierebuli riski, sagangebo
situaciebis marTvis erTiani sistemis ZiriTad amocanebs warmoadgens:
mosaxleobis swavleba, ekonomikis obieqtebze treningebis mowyoba da ss-
Si moqmedebis wesebisa da krizisebis marTvis sferoSi mecadineobebis
organizeba-Catareba; administraciuli marTvis yvela doneze mitigacia,
monitoringi, prognozi, da bolos, sagangebo situaciebis ganviTarebis
SemTxvevaSi, sayovelTao Setyobineba.
mitigacia warmoadgens winaswar Catarebul RonisZiebaTa kompleqss
sagangebo situaciebis Tavidan acilebisa an maTi ganviTarebis
SemTxvevaSi Sedegebis Semcirebis mizniT.
xolo qveyanaSi sagangebo situaciebis ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi
aRniSnuli sistemis amocanebi Semdegia: mosaxleobis dacviTi Ro-
nisZiebebis gatareba, samaSvelo da gadaudebeli saavario-aRdgeniTi
samuSaoebis organizeba, koordinacia. da bolos, gadarCenili da
dazaralebuli adamianebis sasicocxlo uzrunvelyofa. sagangebo
situaciebis marTvisa da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis erTiani sistemis
organizaciuli struqtura ganisazRvreba saxelmwifos organizaciuli
wyobiT _ xelisuflebis organoebis sistemiT, romelic uzrunvelyofs
maTze dakisrubuli amocanebis Sesrulebas.
qveynis sagangebo situaciebis marTvis sqema:
sagangebo situaciebSi marTvis sqema gulisxmobs katastrofebze
reagirebis sam dones:
_ pirveli done, rodesac reagirebis procesSi CarTulia
municipaluri (saqalaqo) mmarTveloba, municipaluri saxanZro-samaSvelo
razmi da municipalitetis teritoriaze dislocirebuli (mobilizebuli)
erovnuli gvardiis rezervistebi.
katastrofis adgilidan miRebuli Setyobinebis safuZvelze
municipalitetis gamgebeli (qalaqis meri) organizebas ukeTebs pirveli
rigis samaSvelo RonisZiebebs, informacias sagangebo viTarebis,
gatarebuli RonisZiebebisa da saWiro daxmarebebis Sesaxeb awvdis
Sesabamisad a/r an samxareo administracias. Tu Zalebi sakmarisi ar aris,
iTxovs daxmarebas.
_ meore done, rodesac procesSi erTvebian avtonomiur
respublikaSi (a/r) an mxareSi arsebuli samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo
organizaciebi, dazaralebuli raionis mezobeli municipaluri saxanZro-
samaSvelo razmebi Sesabamisad a/r mTavrobis xelmZRvanelis an
gubernatoris gadawyvetilebiT. Sesabamisad sagangebo situaciebis
marTvis process xelmZRvanelobs a/r mTavrobis xelmZRvaneli an
saqarTvelos prezidentis rwmunebuli mxareSi, romelic koordinacias
uwevs a/r-Si an mxareSi arsebul yvela samaSvelo Zalisa da resursebis
gamoyenebas katastrofaze reagirebis mizniT. igi amave dros informacias
sagangebo viTarebis, gatarebuli RonisZiebebisa da saWiro daxmarebebis
Sesaxeb awvdis premier-ministrs, Sss sagangebo situaciebis marTvis
departaments.
_ mesame done, Seesabameba sagangebo situaciebze erovnul
reagirebas. am SemTxvevaSi sagangebo situaciis marTvis koordinirebas
axdens sagangebo situaciebis marTvis samtavrobo komisia premier-
ministris xelmZRvanelobiT, romlis samuSao organos warmoadgens Sss
49
sagangebo situaciebis marTvis departamenti. Sesabamisad organizeba
ukeTdeba krizisis marTvis centris funqcionirebas, sadac gaerTianebuli
arian ganviTarebuli riskis saxeobisa da siZlieris, masStabebis
Sesabamisad sxvadasxva saministroebi, uwyebebi da arasamTavrobo
organizaciebi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu erovnuli resursebi da Zalebi ar aris
sakmarisi sagangebo situaciebis Sedegebis salikvidaciod krizisebis
marTvis centri amzadebs winadadebebs saerTaSoriso daxmarebebis Sesaxeb
moTxovnebze, romelic specialuri formiT ecnobeba natos katastrofebze
reagirebis evro-atlatikuri sakoordinacio centrs, gaeros Sesabamis
struqturebs, saerTaSoriso da arasamTavrobo organizaciebs.
saqarTveloSi samoqalaqo Tavdacvisa da sagangebo situaciebisagan
mosaxleobisa da teritoriis dacvis RonisZiebebi regulirdeba Semdegi
normatiuli aqtebiT:
1. saqarTvelos konstitucia (24 agvisto 1995 w.);
2. saqarTvelos kanoni ,,bunebrivi da teqnogenuri xasiaTis sagangebo
situaciebisagan mosaxleobisa da teritoriis dacvis Sesaxeb’’ (8 ivnisi
2007 w.);
3. saqarTvelos kanoni `saxanZro usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb;
4. saqarTvelos kanoni “sagangebo mdgomareobis Sesaxeb” (17 oqtomberi
1997 w.);
5. saqarTvelos prezidentis 2008 wlis 26 agvistos #415 brZanebuleba
,,bunebrivi da teqnogenuri xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebze erovnuli
reagirebis gegmis damtkicebis Sesaxeb’’;
6. saqarTvelos prezidentis 2007 wlis 24 seqtembris #542
brZanebuleba ,,saqarTvelos safrTxeebis Sefasebis 2007-2009 w.w.
dokumentis damtkicebis Sesaxeb“;
7. saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2008 wlis 21 martis #68 dadgenileba
,,sagangebo situaciebis klasifikaciis gansazRvris wesis Sesaxeb
debulebis damtkicebis Taobaze’’;
8. saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2008 wlis 21 martis #69 dadgenileba
,,sagangebo situaciebis marTvis samTavrobo komisiis debulebis
damtkicebis Sesaxeb’’;
aseve, saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebiT (1949 wlis 12 agvistos
Jenevis konvencia, damatebiTi oqmi #1, Tavi 6 “samoqalaqo Tavdacva”
saerTaSoriso
50
sagangebo situaciebze reagirebis sqema
adgilobrivi a/r an region. erovnuli uSiSroebis

sabWo saerTaSoriso
TviTmmarTveloba mmarTveloba
organizaciebi
ikribeba ikribeba
sagangebo sag. sit. marT. ss marTvis samTavrobo

Stabi droeb.komisia komisia
Sss sagangebo situaciebis

municipaluri a/r an regionis marTvis departamenti
saxanZro-samaSvelo sag.. sit. reag.
Zalebi Zalebi
ikribeba
sagangebo
operaciebis seqtori
si t uaci a
sagangebo situaciebis
marTvis departamentis safinanso seqtori
krizisebis marTvis sauwyebaTaSoriso
lojistikis seqtori
operatiuli centri
inform-sa da dagegmvis seqtori
saxanZro- Zalovani
savele operaciebis samaSvelo struqturebis
centri razmebi qvedanayofebi
speciali- saerTaSoriso
zirebuli saZiebo-samaSvelo
kavSiris uzrunvelyofis jgufi jgufebi Zalebi
samaSvelo operaciebis jgufi
inform-sa da masmediis jgufi
lojistikis jgufi
informacia
reagireba
SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis msxverplTa dacvis Sesaxeb). aseve,

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan da msoflios
qveynebTan, dadebuli aqvs xelSekrulebebi da SeTanxmebebi, romlebic
Seexeba sagangebo situaciebis dros katastrofebze reagirebis sferoSi
urTierTTanamSromlobas
saqarTvelos Sss sagangebo situaciebis marTvis departamenti,
erTiani sistemis funqcionirebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT axorcielebs
saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobas Semdeg organizaciebTan: gaero,
evrokavSiri, evrosabWo, nato, Sveicariis ganviTarebisa da
TanamSromlobis saagento, germaniis teqnikuri TanamSromlobis
sazogadoeba, Savi zRvis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis organizacia, euTo
(evropaSi uSiSroebis da TanamSromlobis organizacia), humanitarul
saqmeTa evropis biuro, wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso komiteti, wiTeli
jvrisa da wiTeli mTvaris saerTaSoriso federacia, INSARAG _ saZiebo-
samaSvelo sakonsultacio jgufi, ICDO _ samoqalaqo Tavdacvis
saerTaSoriso organizacia, OPCW – qimiuri iaraRis akrZalvis
organizacia.
51
19. saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli bunebrivi da teqnogenuri
xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebi
Tanamedrove pirobebSi msoflioSi didi raodenobiT dagrovili

masiuri dazianebis iaraRis gamoyenebis saSiSroebam, aseve Cvens garSemo
arsebul bunebriv garemoze moqmedma gauazrebelma anTropogenurma
datvirTvebma: mSeneblobis stiqiurma ganviTarebam, soflis meurneobis
industrializaciisa da qimizaciis arakvalificiurad warmarTvam,
garemos dabinZurebam da saerTod bunebriv garemoze zemoqmedebis
ukontrolo teqnologiurma procesebma gamoiwvia ekologiuri
wonasworobis moSla, warmoSva sxvadasxva saxis sagangebo situaciebis
ganviTarebis saSiSroeba.
yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT sasicocxlo mniSvneloba
eniWeba mosaxleobis da ekonomikis obieqtebis dacvas sagangebo
situaciebis dros.
sagangebo viTareba Tavisi xasiaTis mixedviT SeiZleba iyos:
radiaciuli, qimiuri, baqteriologiuri, saxanZro da sainJinro, an
kombinirebuli (rodesac ori an ramodenime sagangebo viTareba
erTdroulad iqmneba).
sagangebo situaciis cnebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia terminebs
`avaria~, `katastrofa~, `ubedureba~.
sagangebo situaciis warmoSobis mizezi SeiZleba iyos saSiSi
bunebrivi movlena, avaria an saxifaTo teqnologiuri SemTxveva; farTod
gavrcelebuli adamianis infeqciuri daavadebebi; sasoflo-sameurneo
cxovelebisa da mcenareebis daavadebebi, agreTve dazianebis Tanamedrove
saSualebebi. faqtobrivad zemoT CamoTvlili sagangebo situaciis
warmoSobis mizezebi warmoadgens sagangebo situaciebis wyaroebs.
sagangebo situaciebi wyaros xasiaTis mixedviT klasificirdebian
bunebriv da teqnogenur sagangebo situaciebad.
a) bunebrivi xasiaTis sagangebo situacia _ saSiSi bunebrivi movlena anu
stiqiuri ubedureba, romelsac Tan axlavs adamianTa msxverpli da
materialuri faseulobis dazianeba.
bunebrivi xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebs ganekuTvneba:
1. geofizikuri saxifaTo movlenebi:
 miwisZvra;
 vulkanis moqmedebani;
2. geologiuri saxifaTo movlenebi:
 mewyeri;
 seluri nakadi;
 Camonaqcevebi, Camonayarebi;
 kldis Camonarecxi Rvarcofi;
 tyis zolis Camoqceva;
 karstuli movlenebis Sedegad miwis zedapiris Cavardna;
 abrazia, erozia;
 qvaTacvena (qvebis nakadi)
 mtvris qariSxali.
3. meteorologiuri da agrometeorologiuri saxifaTo movlenebi:
qariSxals, qartexils, Storms, grigals, qarborbalas da taifuns
erTi da imave warmoSobis wyaro aqvs _ qari. Nmisi siZliere izomeba
bofortis skaliT 0-dan 18-mde balebSi.
52
 qariSxali;
 Tovlis zvavi;
 grigali, Stormi;
 qarborbala (tornado);
 qartexili;
 qaris vertikaluri nakadi;
 msxvili setyva;
 Zlieri kokispiruli wvima,
 didTovlianoba (Tovlis namqeri);
 Zlieri moyinva;
 Zlieri yinvebi;
 Zlieri qarbuqi;
 Zlieri sicxe;
 Zlieri nisli;
 gvalva;
 xorSaki (cxeli qarebi).
4. sazRvao hidrologiuri saxifaTo movlenebi:
 tropikuli ciklonebi;
 cunami;
 Zlieri Relva;
 zRvis donis Zlieri ryeva;
 Zlieri wylis Relva navsadgurebSi.
5. hidrologiuri saxifaTo movlenebi:
 wyaldidoba;
 wylis donis aweva;
 wvimis niaRvari;
 qariseuli monadeni;
 wylis dabali doneebi;
 gruntis wylebis donis aweva (datborvebi).
6. bunebrivi xanZrebi:
 sagangebo saxanZro saSiSroeba;
 tyis xanZari;
 xanZari puris yanebSi da stepebSi;
 torfis xanZari.
7. biologiur-socialuri xasiaTis:
 infeqciuri dasnebovneba;
 adamianebis dasnebovneba;
 gansakuTrebiT saSiSi infeqciuri daavadebis erTeuli
SemTxvevebi;
 infeqciuri daavadebebis jgufuri SemTxvevebi;
 epidemiuri afeTqeba;
 epidemia;
 pandemia;
 cxovelTa dasnebovneba;
 enzootia;
 epizootia;
 panzootia;
 mcenareTa daavadeba;
53
 progresirebadi epifitotia;
 panfitotia;
 sarevela mcenareTa masiuri gavrceleba.
8. socialuri xasiaTis:
 masiuri SimSili gamowveuli ekonomikuri krizisiT;
 socialuri krizisiT gamowveuli masiuri gamosvlebi da
areulobebi.
bunebrivi xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebs ganekuTvneba aseve
ekologiuri (antropogenuri) xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebi. es iseTi
sagangebo situaciebia, romlebic xasiaTdebian saSiSroebaTa gavrcelebis
naklebi siCqariT da warmoiSobian bunebaze adamianis araswori
urTierTqmedebis Sedegad. maT miekuTvneba:
1. ekologiuri xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebi:
 miwis sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopovebis mizniT samTo
samuSaoebisa da adamianis sxva saxis moqmedebaTa Sedegad
gamowveuli katastrofuli miwis Caqcevebi, mewyeri, miwis
zedapiris gaskdoma da sxv.;
 niadagSi (gruntSi) dasaSvebze maRali koncentraciis zemZime
liTonebisa (maT Soris radiaqtiuli nivTierebebi) da sxva
mavne nivTierebebis arseboba;
 gruntis intensiuri degradacia, didi teritoriebis erozia,
gamoSroba da daWaobeba;
 bunebrivi wiaRiseulis maragebis ganadgurebis gamo, Seqmnili
krizisuli situaciebi.
2. sacavebis samrewvelo (jarTiT) da sayofacxovrebo narCenebiT
(nagviT) gadatvirTvisa da maTi saSualebiT garemos dabinZurebasTan
dakavSirebuli sagangebo situaciebi;
3. atmosferos Semadgenlobisa da Tvisebebis cvlilebebiT
gamowveuli sagangebo situaciebi:
 adamianis anTropogenuri moRvaweobis Sedegad klimatis
uecari Secvla;
 atmosferoSi mavne minarevebis zRvruli-dasaSvebi
koncentraciebis gazrda;
 qalaqze temperaturuli inversia;
 qalaqSi mwvave `Jangbadis SimSiloba~;
 samrewvelo da qalaqis xmauris zRvruli-dasaSvebi donis
mniSvnelovani momateba;
 mJavuri naleqebis masiuri zonebis warmoSoba;
 atmosferos ozonuri fenis Semcireba;
 atmosferos gamWvirvalobis mniSvnelovnad Semcireba.
4. hidrosferos mdgomareobis cvlilebebiT gamowveuli sagangebo
situaciebi:
 sasmeli wylis mwvave ukmarisoba, maTi maragis gamolevisa an
dabinZurebis gamo;
 organizaciebSi teqnologiuri procesebis uzrunvelyofisa da
sameurneo-sayofacxovrebo wyalmomaragebisaTvis gamoyenebuli
wylis resursebis gamoleva;
 zRvebisa da okeaneebis wylebis kritikulze metad
dabinZurebis Sedegad sameurneo saqmianobisa da ekologiuri
wonasworobis darRveva.
54
5. biosferos mdgomareobis cvlilebebiT gamowveuli sagangebo
situaciebi:
 cxovelebisa da mcenareebis calkeuli jiSis gadaSeneba
garemo pirobebis cvlilebebis gamo;
 cxovelTa masiuri amowyveta;
 did teritoriaze mcenareuli safaris masiuri ganadgureba;
 biosferos unaris _ aRdgenadi resursebis kvlavwarmoebis
mkveTri cvlileba.
b) teqnogenuri xasiaTis sagangebo situacia _ teqnosferoSi momxdari

avaria da katastrofa, romelsac Tan axlavs adamianis msxverpli da
momsaxure personalis janmrTelobisaTvis zianis miyenebis saSiSroeba,
agreTve materialuri faseulobebisa da mimdebare garemos pirdapiri an
arapirdapiri dazianeba.
teqnogenuri xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebs ganekuTvneba:
1. satransporto avariebi da katastrofebi:
 satvirTo matareblebis avariebi;
 samgzavro matareblebisa da metropolitenis avariebi;
 satvirTo gemebis avariebi;
 samgzavro gemebis avariebi da katastrofebi;
 aeroportebsa da dasaxlebul punqtebSi saaviacio avariebi;
 saaviacio avariebi aeroportebisa da dasaxlebuli punqtebis
teritoriis miRma;
 xidebze, gvirabebsa da sarkinigzo gadasavlelebze
satransporto avariebi;
 magistralur milgayvanilobaTa avariebi.
2. xanZrebi da afeTqebebi:
 samrewvelo obieqtebze, SenobebSi, komunikaciebsa da
teqnologiur mowyobilobebSi xanZrebi da afeTqebebi;
 advilad aalebad, wvad da feTqebad nivTierebaTa mompovebel,
gadamamuSavebel da Semnaxvel obieqtebze xanZrebi da
afeTqebebi;
 xanZrebi da afeTqebebi transportze;
 xanZrebi da afeTqebebi SaxtebSi, miwisqveSa samTo
gamonamuSevrebsa da metropolitenSi;
 sacxovrebeli, sazogadoebrivi da kulturuli daniSnulebis
Senoba-nagebobebSi afeTqebebi da xanZrebi;
 dasaxlebul punqtebSi aufeTqebeli sabrZolo feTqebadi
nivTierebebisa da saSualebebis aRmoCena;
 asafeTqebeli nivTierebebis kargva garemoSi.
3. avariebi Zliermoqmedi Sxamiani nivTierebebis (ZmSn-is)
mwarmoebel, gadamamuSavebel da Semnaxvel obieqtebze:
 avariebi transportze ZmSn-is garemoSi gamoTavisuflebiT;
 avariebi Zliermoqmedi Sxamiani nivTierebebis garemoSi
gamoTavisuflebiT;
 avariebis Sedegad dawyebuli qimiuri reaqciebis procesSi
ZmSn-is warmoqmna da gavrceleba;
 avariebi qimiuri iaraRis matarebel saSualebebze;
 ZmSn-is wyaroTa kargva garemoSi.
4. avariebi radiaqtiuri nivTierebebis gamofrqveviT:
55
 avariebi atomur eleqtrosadgurebze, sawarmoo da sakvlevi
daniSnulebis atomur energetikul mowyobilobebze
radioaqtiuri nivTierebebis gamofrqveviT;
 avariebi birTvul-Tburi ciklis sawarmoebSi radiaqtiuri
nivTierebebis gamofrqveviT;
 avariebi radioaqtiuli nivTierebebis matarebel satransporto
saSualebebsa da kosmosur aparatebze;
 avariebi samrewvelo da eqsperimentuli birTvuli afeTqebis
dros;
 avariebi birTvuli sabrZolo iaraRis eqspluataciis, Senaxvis
an dayenebis adgilze;
 radiaqtiuli wyaros kargva garemoSi.
5. avariebi biologiurad saxifaTo obieqtebze:
 avariebi samrewvelo sawarmoebsa da sakvlev-samecniero
dawesebulebebSi biologiurad saxifaTo nivTierebebis
gamoTavisuflebiT garemoSi;
 avariebi transportze biologiurad saxifaTo nivTierebebis
garemoSi gamoTavisuflebiT;
 sabrZolo biologiuri saSualebebis avariebi;
 biologiurad saxifaTo nivTierebebis kargva garemoSi.
6. nagebobaTa uecari ngreva
 satransporto komunikaciebis elementebis Camongreva;
 samrewvelo da samoqalaqo Senoba-nagebobebis ngreva.
7. eleqtroenergetikuli sistemebis avariebi:
 avtonomiuri eleqtrosadgurebis avariebi yvela saxis
momxmarebelTaTvis eleqtromomaragebis xangrZlivi droiT
SewyvetiT;
 eleqtroenergetikuli qselebis avariebi, ZiriTad
momxmarebelTa an didi masStabis teritoriaze,
eleqtromomaragebis xangrZlivi droiT SewyvetiT;
 satransporto eleqtruli sakontaqto qselebis mwyobridan
gamosvla.
8. sasicocxlo uzrunvelyofis komunaluri sistemis avariebi:
 avariebi kanalizaciis sistemaSi dabinZurebuli nivTierebebis
garemoSi gamoTavisuflebiT;
 mosaxleobis sasmeli wyliT momaragebis sistemaSi avariebi;
 weliwadis civ periodSi Tboqselis avariebi;
 samrewvelo gamwmendi nagebobebis avariebi.
9. hidrodinamikuri avariebi:
 kaSxlebis (dambebis, jebirebis, rabebisa da tixrebis)
garRveva, katastrofuli datborvebisa da wamleki talRebis
warmoSobiT;
 kaSxlebis garRveva wamleki wylis movardniT;
 kaSxlebis garRveva, romelsac Tan sdevs did teritoriebze
niadagis gadarecxva an daSlamva.
teqnogenuri xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebs ganekuTvneba aseve
samxedro xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebi. es is sagangebo situaciebia,
romlebic warmoiSobian gauTvaliswinebeli, SemTxveviTi (an
provokaciuli) xasiaTis samxedro operaciebis Sedegad. calkeul
SemTxvevaSi erTi saxelmwifos mier meore saxelmwifos mimarT
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ganxorcielebuli diversiuli, klanuri an kriminaluri dajgufebebis
mier mowyobili teritoriuli aqtebis Sedegad. maT ricxvs miekuTvneba:
1. mSvidobian periodSi samxedro xasiaTis sagangebo situaciebi:
 neitraluri wylebis akvatoriaSi myofi gaurkveveli
daniSnulebis xomaldidan erTjeradi (SemTxveviTi)
raketul_birTvuli dartymis miyeneba;
 mezobeli saxelmwifoebis saomari da sabrZolo-sawvrTneli
moqmedebebis warmoebis Sedegad mSvidobiani qveynis
teritoriaze masobrivi dazianebis iaraRis matarebeli
mfrinavi aparatis Camovardna;
 masobrivi dazianebis iaraRis matarebeli mfrinavi aparatis
Camovardna dedamiwaze.
2. mSvidobian periodSi politikur-diversiuli xasiaTis sagangebo
situaciebi, sawarmoo procesebis darRvevis mcdelobebi, xanZrebis,
afeTqebebisa da ngrevis mowyobis organizacia (sagangebo situaciebis
warmoSobiT), teroristuli da diversiuli aqtebi.
sagangebo situaciebi masStabebisa da Sedegebis simZimis mixedviT
klasificirdebian: saobieqto, lokalur (adgilobriv), regionuli,
erovnuli da globalur, aseve, transasazRvro sagangebo situaciebad.
saobieqto sagangebo situaciebi _ roca sagangebo situaciebis zona
ar scildeba sawarmoo da socialuri daniSnulebis obieqtis teritoriis
sazRvrebs, an satransporto avariebi.
lokaluri sagangebo situacia _ roca sagangebo situaciis zona ar
scildeba ekonomikis obieqtis sazRvars.
regionuli sagangebo situacia _ roca sagangebo situaciis zona ar
scildeba avtonomiuri respublikis (an regionis) sazRvrebs;
erovnuli sagangebo situacia _ roca sagangebo situaciis zona
vrceldeba qveynis sazRvrebs SigniT mniSvnelovani ori an meti regionis
teritoriaze;
globaluri sagangebo situacia _ roca sagangebo situaciis zona
scildeba qveynis sazRvrebs an piriqiT sazRvargareT momxdari sagangebo
situaciis zona moicavs qveynis sazRvrebs. (transsasazRvro _ roca
qveynis sazRvars gadakveTs).
sagangebo situaciebis niSnebi SeiZleba iyos:
1. zemoqmedebis xasiaTiT:
 seismuri, dartymiTi (ngreva);
 dasnebovneba (qimiuri, baqterologiuri, radiaciuli);
 datborva (erozia, abrazia, daSlamva, damewyvra);
 xanZari, maRali temperatura.
2. Sedegebis mixedviT:
 adamianTa msxverpli;
 materialuri zarali;
 cxovrebis pirobebis darRveva.
3. damazianebeli faqtorebis xasiaTiT:
 siTburi;
 qimiuri;
 radiaciuli;
 biologiuri;
 meqanikuri.
 fsiqologiuri.
4. gavrcelebis intensivoba:
57
 uecari;
 swrafi;
 saSualo;
 neli.
5. gamomwvevi ZiriTadi mizezebi:
 samSeneblo _ konstruqciuli;
 sawarmoo _ saeqspluatacio;
 meteorologiuri;
 geofizikuri;
 antropogenuri (ekologiuri);
 hidrologiuri;
 geologiuri.
sagangebo situaciebi aseve klasificirdebian ganviTarebis masStabisa da

da Sedegebis (moculobis) mixedviT Semdegnairad:
saobieqto;
adgilobrivi;
regionuli;
erovnuli;
globaluri.
20. Tanamedrove sabrZolo saSualebebi
masobrivi dazianebis iaraRebia: birTvuli, qimiuri,

baqteriologiuri da Tavdasxmis Cveulebrivi iaraRebi, romelTa
gamoyenebis Sedegad ganadgurdebian da daziandebian adamianebi,
cxovelebi da mcenareebi, produqtebi, wyali, agreTve samrewvelo da
sasoflo-sameurneo obieqtebi.
21. birTvuli iaraRi
birTvuli iaraRi ewodeba iseT sabrZolo saSualebebs, romlis

moqmedeba dafuZnebulia SidabirTvuli energiis gamoyenebaze, romelic
gamoiyofa afeTqebis Sedegad dayofis, sinTezis an orive erTdrouli
reaqciis dros.
atomur iaraRs safuZvlad udevs SidabirTvuli energiis gamoyeneba,
romelic momentalurad gamoiyofa mZime elementebis (uran-235-is da
pluton-239-is) birTvis daSlis jaWvuri reaqciis Sedegad.
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teritoria, sadac ganlagebulia Senobebi, nagebobebi, imyofebian
adamianebi, gaSenebulia cxovelebi, mcenareebi, da romlebzedac uSualod
moqmedebs birTvuli afeTqebis damazianebeli faqtorebi, iwodeba
birTvuli dazianebis kerad.
ganasxvaveben birTvuli afeTqebis sxvadasxva saxes:
1. miwiszeda afeTqeba- afeTqeba xdeba miwaze an iseT simaRleze,
rodesac afeTqebis cecxlovani burTi Seexeba dedamiwas. aseTi
afeTqebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia adgilmdebareobis radioqtiuli
nivTierebebiT Zlieri dazianeba radiaqtiuri Rrublis kvalis
mimarTulebiT.
2. miwisqveSa afeTqeba-am dros axlomdebare teritoria Zalze
binZurdeba.
3. sahaero afeTqeba- am SemTxvevaSi cecxlovani burTi ar exeba
miwas, xolo dauSleli radiaqtiuri nivTierebebi gaifanteba atmosferos
zeda fenaSi, uerTdeba haers da vrceldeba did teritoriaze _ iwvevs
globalur dabinZurebas.
4. afeTqebebi wyalqveS da kosmosSi-birTvuli afeTqebis Sedegad
adamianebze, cxovelebsa da erovnuli meurneobis obieqtebze moqmedebs
xuTi damazianebeli faqtori.
a) dartymiTi talRa, romelzedac modis mTeli gamoyofili energiis
50%:
b) sinaTlis gamosxiveba, romlis wiladac modis gamoyofili energiis
35%;
g) SemRwevi radiacia, masze ixarjeba gamoyofili energiis 4%;
d) adgilmdebareobis radiaqtiuri dabinZureba, romelzedac ixarjeba
gamoyofili energiis 10%;
e) eleqtromagnituri impulsi, masze modis gamoyofili energiis 1%.
ganvixiloT TiToeuli cal-calke:
a) dartymiTi talRa SekumSuli airis fenaa, romelic afeTqebis
centridan moZraobs Zlieri siswrafiT. dartymiTi talRis wyaros
warmoadgens maRali wneva, romelic warmoiSoba afeTqebis epicentrSi.
dartmiTi talRis centridan daSorebis Sesabamisad, misi moZraobis
siCqare mcirdeba bgeris siCqaremde da mis qvemoT.
dartymiTi talRis Sedegad iqmneba ngrevis zonebi:
 mTliani ngrevis zona _ wnevis sidide 0.5 kg.Z./sm2 da meti
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 Zlieri ngrevis zona _ wnevis sidide 0.5-dan 0.3 kg.Z./sm2
 saSualo ngrevis zona _ wnevis sidide 0.3 – 0.2 kg.Z./sm2
 susti ngrevis zona _ wnevis sidide 0.2 – 0.1 kg.Z./sm2
sahaero dartymis talRa daucvel adamianebsa da cxovelebSi iwvevs
travmul dazianebas, kontuzias an sasikvdilo dazianebas.
b) sinaTlis (Suquri) gamosxiveba _ afeTqebis zonaSi swrafad
gamoiyofa didi energia, ris gamoc warmoiSoba ramdenime milioni
gradusi temperatura da qmnis cecxlovan kriala sferos. cecxlovani
sferosagan xdeba intensiuri sinaTlis gamosxiveba, romelic iwvevs
Sesabamis damazianebel efeqts. imisda mixedviT, Tu ra siZlieris bombebi
iyo gamoyenebuli, sinaTlis gamosxiveba grZeldeba wamebis meaTedi
nawilidan 30 wamamde.
igi iwvevs adamianebisa da cxovelebis damwvrobas.
g) SemRwevi radiacia. afeTqebis keraSi SemRwevi radiacia iqmneba
neitronuli da gama-gamosxivebis (eleqtromagnituri) nakadisagan. orive
gamosxiveba warmoiSoba afeTqebis momentSi. gamosxiveba warmoiSoba
pirvel wamebSi uranis daSlis dawyebidan. misi moqmedeba ar aRemateba 10-
15 wams, xolo neitronis _ 1 wams. SemRwevi radiaciis moqmedebis siSore
damokidebulia afeTqebis simZlavreze.
adgilmdebareoba CaiTvleba mowamlulad, Tu radiaciis done aris
0.5 r/sT da meti. dabinZurebis xarisxis mixedviT mTeli teritoria iyofa
oTx zonad.
I. susti dabinZurebis zona (a) Seadgens mTeli dabinZurebuli
farTobis 70-80%-s.
II. Zlieri dabinZurebis zona (b) igi Seadgens mTeli dabinZurebuli
farTobis 10_12% -s.
III. saxifaTo dabinZurebis zona (g) igi Seadgens mTeli
dabinZurebuli zonis 6-8% -s.
IV. Zlier saxifaTo dabinZurebis zona (d) mis gare sazRvarze donis
simZlavris etalonia 800 r/sT, zonis SuaSi ki 2000 r/sT, xolo doza
radiaqtiuri nivTierebebis mTlian daSlamde Sesabamisad 4000r. da 10000r.
zonidan adamianebi da cxovelebi unda iqnen gayvanili.
e) eleqtromagnituri impulsi. birTvuli afeTqebis dros
warmoiqmneba eleqtromagnituri velebi, romlebic sahaero da miwisqveSa
gayvanilobasa da sakabelo xazebi, radiosadgurebis antenebSi qmnian
impulsebian eleqtrul densa da Zabvas.
22. radiaqtiuri nivTierebis moqmedeba mcenareebze
radioizotopebisa da maionizebeli gamosxivebis moqmedeba

mcenareebze ganixileba ori mimarTulebiT: pirveli moicavs mcire doziT
radioizotopisa da maionizebeli gamosxivebis dadebiT moqmedebas
mcenareebis zrda-ganviTarebaze; meore dakavSirebulia mcenareTa
organizmis dazianeba-ganadgurebasTan. roca Saqris Warxlis Tesli
radiaqtiuri fosforis xsnariT (0.5-1.2 mikrokiuri 1kg Teslze) daasveles,
misi mosavali 12.7-dan 17.8 centneramde gaizarda, Saqrianoba gadidda 0.12-
0.33%-iT.
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23. qimiuri iaraRi
qimiur iaraRSi igulisxmeba momwamlavi nivTierebebi da

fitotoqsikantebi, romlebic sabrZolo gamoyenebis pirobebSi iwveven
adamianebis, cxovelebis, mcenareebis, sursaTis, sakvebis, wylisa da sxv.
ganadgureba-mowamvlas.
sabrZolo qimiuri momwamlavi nivTierebebi moTavsebulia specialur
WurWelSi an qimiur bombebSi, gadmosaRvrel saaviacio xelsawyoebSi an
sxva garsebSi. maTi afeTqebis dros, sabrZolo Wurvebisagan gansxvavebiT,
moismis susti yru xma. afeTqebis adgilas warmoiSoba TeTri an odnav
Seferili kvamlis Rrubeli, nisli an orTqli. Tu Txevadi momwamlavi
nivTierebaa gamoyenebuli, maSin TviTmfrinavis mimarTulebiT gamoCndeba
Savi zoli, romelic Cqara ifanteba da eSveba dedamiwaze. foTlebze
Cndeba zeTovani wveTebi. sxvadasxva qimiuri momwamlavi nivTierebis
gamoyenebis Sedegad wylis zedapirze warmoiqmna zeTovani kvali, Tovlze
_ sxvadasxva zomis CaRrmavebuli adgilebi, mwvane balaxi icvlis fers,
foTlebi yviTldeba, ruxdeba da Semdeg iRupeba.
samxedro specialistebis azriT, qimiuri iaraRis gamoyeneba ufro
perspeqtiulia, radgan is mwyobridan gamoiyvans, ZiriTadad, cocxal
Zalas _ adamianebs.
meore upiratesobad miaCniaT is, rom qimiuri iaraRis damzadeba
iafi jdeba. samxedro ekonomistebis gaangariSebiT, hirosimaSi
Camogdebuli birTvuli iaraRis Rirebulebis qimiuri iaraRi gaanadgurebs
hirosimas msgavs oras qalaqs.
teritoria, romelic ganicdis qimiuri momwamlavi nivTierebis
zemoqmedebas, ris Sedegadac ziandebian adamianebi, cxovelebi, mcenareebi,
produqtebi da wyali, ewodeba qimiuri mowamvlis kera.
qimiuri dazianebis kera pirobiTad iyofa or zonad:
I. uSualo dazianebis zona. igi warmoiqmneba adgilze qimiuri
iaraRis gamoyenebis Sedegad. Wurvis afeTqebis pirvel periodSi
warmoiSoba momwamlavi nivTierebebis orTqli da aerozoli, romlebic
dasawyisSi qmnian mowamluli haeris pirvelad Rrubels, nawili,
momwamlavi nivTierebebis wveTebis saxiT, rCeba adgilze da wamlavs
garemos.
II. qaris mimarTulebiT momwamlavi nivTierebis gavrcelebis zona.
mowamluli haeris pirveladi Rrubeli da momwamlav nivTierebaTa
wveTebidan aorTqlebuli meoreuli Rrubeli haeris nakadTan erTad
gavrceleba sxva teritoriaze da warmoqmnis axal mowamlul zonas.
qimiuri mowamvlis kera xasiaTdeba momwamlav nivTierebaTa
koncentraciiT, mowamvlis simWidroviTa da medegobiT. momwamlavi
nivTierebebis raodenoba, romelsac Seicavs mowamluli haeris an siTxis
moculobis erTeuli, ewodeba koncentracia. igi gamoixateba woniT
erTeulebSi _ gramebSi an miligramebSi 1l haerSi (siTxeSi).
mowamvlis simkvrive (simWidrove) ewodeba niadagis an obieqtis
zedapirze arsebuli Txevadi momwamlavi nivTierebis raodenobas,
romelic izomeba gramebSi 1kv.m. mowamlul zedapirze.
qimiuri momwamlavi nivTierebebis klasifikacia

qimiur momwamlav nivTierebebs taqtikuri daniSnulebis mixedviT
yofen oTx jgufad: a) sasikvdilo; b) mwyobridan droebiT gamomyvani; g)
gamaRizianebeli da d) saswavlo.
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sasikvdilod moqmed qimiur momwamlav nivTierebebs organizmze
fiziologiuri moqmedebis mixedviT yofen oTx jgufad:
1) nervul-dambluri moqmedebis qimiuri momwamlavi nivTierebebi
azianebs centralur nervul sistemas. am jgufSi gaerTianebulia
zarini, zomani, V-gazi.
2) kandamaCirqebeli moqmedebis qimiuri momwamlavi nivTierebebi
warmoiqmnian kanze didxans mourCenel wylulebs. aRniSnul jgufSi
gaerTianebulia luiziti da ipriti.
3) zogadSxamiani moqmedebis qimiuri momwamlavi nivTierebebi
iwvevs organizmis saerTo mowamvlas. am jgufSi gaerTianebulia
cianmJava da qlorciani.
4) mxuTavi moqmedebis qimiuri momwamlavi nivTierebebi azianebs
sasunTq organoebs. miekuTvneba fosgeni da difosgeni.
garda amisa. arsebobs mwyobridan droebiT gamomyvani qimiuri
momwamlavi nivTierebebi, maT miekuTvneba fsiqoqimiuri moqmedebis `BZ~,
gamaRizianebeli qimiuri momwamlavi nivTierebebi: pirRebinebis (adamsiti),
cremlsadeni (qloracetofenoni) da saswavlo.
moqmedebis xangrZlivobis mixedviT qimiur momwamlav nivTierebebs
yofen or jgufad: medegi, romelic moqmedebs ramdenime saaTidan
ramdenime Tvemde (ipriti, luiziti, zomani, zarini, V-gazi) da aramedegi,
romelic dazianebis unars inarCunebs ramdenime aTeul wuTs (cianmJava,
qlorciani, fosgeni, difosgeni).
24. baqteriologiuri iaraRi
baqteriologiuri iaraRi ewodeba iseT iaraRs, romelic sabrZolo

gamoyenebisas iwvevs adamianebis, cxovelebis, mcenareebis, sursaTis,
sakvebis, wylisa da garemos masobriv dazianebasa da dasnebovnebas.
bunebriv pirobebSi infeqciis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgenen
dasnebovnebulebi an avadmyofebi, romelTa gamonayofi (nerwyvi, Cirqi,
Sardi, ganavali) didi raodenobiT Seicavs avadmyofobis gamomwvev
mikrobebs. es gamonayofebi asnebovneben niadags, wyals, haers, sakveb
produqtebs, romelTa saSualebiT avaddebian janmrTelebi.
baqteriologiuri iaraRis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi adamianebisa da
cxovelebis dasnebovneba xdeba sxvadasxva gziT: dasnebovnebuli haeris
SesunTqviT, daSavebul kanze, Tvalebsa da cxviris lorwovan garsze
daavadebaTa gamomwvevi mikrobebisa da toqsinebis moxvedriT;
namsxvrevebiT daWris SemTxvevaSi dasnebovnebul sagnebsa da nivTebTan
kontaqtis dros, dasnebovnebuli sursaTis, furaJisa da wylis
gamoyenebis gziT, agreTve dasnebovnebuli mwerebis, tkipebisa da
mRrRnelebis kbenis Sedegad.
baqteriologiuri dasnebovnebis kera ewodeba adgils, sadac
imyofebian adamianebi, cxovelebi, ganlagebulia Senobebi, romlebmac
ganicades baqteriologiuri iaraRis uSualo zemoqmedeba, ris Sedegadac
adamianebis, cxovelebisa da mcenareebis infeqciur daavadebaTa kerad
iqca. baqteriologiuri dasnebovnebis keris Semdeg infeqcia swrafad
vrceldeba mis sazRvrebs gareT. am SemTxvevaSi dasnebovneba meordeba,
rac warmoadgens did saSiSroebas, vinaidan am dros SesaZlebelia
mniSvnelovnad gafarTovdes dasnebovnebis kerebi.
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adamianebisa da cxovelebis daavadebis baqteriologiuri saSualebebi.
baqteriologiuri iaraRis damazianebeli moqmedebis safuZvels

warmoadgens avadmyofobis gamomwvevi mikrobebi (baqteriebi, reketsiebi,
virusebi, sokoebi) da baqteriebis mier gamomuSavebuli toqsinebi.
mcenareTa gamanadgurebeli baqteriologiuri saSualebebi
mcenareebi SeiZleba daziandes baqteriologiuri saSualebiT (sokoebiT,
virusebiTa da baqteriebiT), rac gamoiwvevs mosavlis mniSvnelovan
danakargs. avadmyofobis an sasoflo – sameurneo kulturebis mavneblebis
gamoCena da ganviTareba damokidebulia garemos temperaturasa da
tenianobaze.
25. Tavdasxmis Cveulebrivi iaraRebi
termini _ `Tavdasxmis Cveulebrivi iaraRebi~ mas Semdeg ixmareba,

rac Seiqmna birTvuli iaraRi, romelsac gacilebiT ufro didi sabrZolo
Tviseba aqvs.
Tanamedrove pirobebSi zogierTi Cveulebrivi iaraRi aRWurvilia
uaxlesi teqnikis miRwevebiT da Tavisi efeqtianobiT uaxlovdeba
masobrivi dazianebis iaraRebs.
Tavdasxmis Cveulebrivi iaraRebia:
a) kumulaturi;
b) betonmgreveli;
g) cecxlgamCeni;
d) burTulovani;
e) kaseturi sabrZolo masalebi;
v) moculobiTi afeTqebis sabrZolo masalebi;
z) marTvadi saaviacio bombi
a) kumulaturi
amJamad umetes javSanmxvret sabrZolo masalebs aqvT kumulaturi
muxti. mas SeuZlia gaxvritos 400-600 mm-is sisqis javSani. kumulaturi
Wurvi javSanze moqmedebs ara Tavisi korpusis, aramed msxvrevadi muxtis
afeTqebis talRis ZaliT.
b) betonmngreveli
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sabrZolo masala gamoiyeneba qvisa da aguris, agreTve rkinabetonis
dacviTi nagebobebis dasangrevad. mas Tavis nawili gamsxvilebuli aqvs,
xolo korpusi warmoadgens maRalxarisxovan Termulad damuSavebul
folads.
betonze Wurvis moqmedebis efeqti damokidebulia mis kinetikur
energiaze, Sexvedris kuTxesa da TviT winaRobaze. am faqtorebTan
damokidebulebiT Wurvs SeuZlia gaxvritos winaRoba, SeaRwios siRrmeSi
da afeTqdes iq. betonmgrevi Wurvis kalibri sakmaod didia (152mm da
zeviT). am sabrZolo masalebiT ngreva warmoebs dartymisa da fugasuri
moqmedebis SeTanawyobis Sedegad.
g) cecxlgamCeni
Tanamedrove cecxlgamCeni saSualebebi iyofa sam ZiriTad jgufad:
1. cecxlgamCeni navTobproduqtebi (napalmi), TeTri fosfori,
plastificirebuli fosfori, eleqtroni;
2. liTonizebuli cecxlgamCeni narevi (pirogeli);
3. Termiti da Termituli narevi.
garda amisa, maT miekuTvneba Cveulebrivi da plastificirebuli
TeTri fosfori, tutovani liTonebi, agreTve haerze TviTaalebadi narevi.
yvelaze meti gavrceleba pova napalma.
d) burTulovani bombi
burTulovani bombi warmoadgens cilindrul korpuss, romlis
sigrZea 35sm, diametri ki _ 7.5 sm. bombis korpusi gavsebulia feTqebadi
nivTierebebiT. mis kedelSi aris 250 liTonis burTulebi masiT 0,7-dan 1,0
gramamde, romlebic afeTqebis dros ifantebian 100m2 farTobze. erTi
TviTmfrinaviT Ria adgilze ganlagebuli cocxali Zalis dazianebis
farTobia 10 heqtarze meti. gamanadgurebel_bombdamSens SeuZlia waiRos
1000-mde kasetSi Calagebuli cilindri.
ufro mogvianebiT modificirebuli bombis efeqturoba gaizarda
TiTqmis orjer, romelic aRWurvilia burTulebiT, kuburebiT,
SrapneliT, nemsebiT da a.S.
e) kaseturi sabrZolo masalebi
kaseturi tipis sabrZolo masalebi uzrunvelyofen cocxali Zalis
dazianebas aTeul da aseul heqtarze. bombebis raodenoba kasetebSi
SeiZleba sxvadasxva iyos _ ramdenime calidan aseul da aTaseulamde.
kasetis gaxsnisas bombebi gaifanteba did farTobze da feTqdeba.
v) moculobiTi afeTqebis sabrZolo masalebi
moculobiTi afeTqebis sabrZolo masalebSi gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva
saxeobis Txevadi saTbobebi.
moculobiT afeTqebis saaviacio kaseta CBU-55 Sedgeba sami
(TiToeuli 100 kg) konteinerisagan, TiToeul maTganSi aris daaxloebiT
35 kg sawvavis narevi. bombis Camogdebis Semdeg konteinerebi iyofian da
eSvebian paraSutiT. winaaRmdegobis Sexvedrisas warmoebs sawvavi narevis
danawevreba da dedamiwidan 2-3 metr simaRleze warmoiqmneba daaxloebiT
15m diametris aerozoluri Rrubeli. igi feTqdeba ramdenime wamSi da
qmnis 20-30 kgZ/sm2 Warb wnevas. mas SeuZlia daangrios umtkicesi safari.
samxedro specialistebi Seudgnen saaviacio bombebisa da sxva
sabrZolo masalebis aRWurvas lazeruli sistemis, televizoris
aparatisa da sxva TviTdamiznebis xelsawyoebiT.
z) marTvadi bombi
marTvadi saavicio bombi saaviacio bombis erT-erTi perspeqtiuli
saxeobaa. Cveulebriv, saaviacio bombTan SedarebiT, maT aqvT moqmedebis
didi siSore da moxvedris didi sizuste.
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26. sagangebo situaciebis marTvis fsiqologiuri aspeqtebi
sagangebo situaciebiT gamowveuli damazianebeli faqtorebisagan,

niSandoblivia adamianze fsiqologiuri zemoqmedeba, romelic sagangebo
situaciisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mavne zemoqmedebebisagan (qimiuri,
meqanikuri, eleqtromagnituri, radiaciuli, biologiuri, toqsikuri,
Tburi da a.S) imiT gamoirCeva, rom igi aramaterialuri xasiaTisaa da
SeiZleba axasiaTebdes nebismieri saxis sagangebo situacias. sagangebo
situaciebiT gamowveuli fsiqologiuri zemoqmedeba pirvel rigSi
dakavSirebulia adamianebSi panikuri SiSis gancdasTan. rac adamians
uqmnis, rogorc fizikur safrTxes stresuli moSlilobisa da fsiqikuri
daavadebis saxiT, aramed sagangebo situaciebis marTvis procesSi iwvevs
seriozul Seferxebebs umarTavi adamianTa jgufebis gaCenis
TvalsazrisiT.
SiSi es aris konkretul xifaTze adamianis cnobierebaSi
gamowveuli fsiqologiuri reaqcia.
xifaTze reaqciebi sxvadasxva xarisxis SeiZleba iyos (kategoriebi):
_ SekrToba;
_ SiSi;
_ panikuri SiSi
_ mudmivi SiSi;
_ saSinelebis gancda.
SiSi es aris konkretuli xifaTis winaSe daucvelobis (ususurobis)
gancda. Sesabamisad igi aiZulebs adamians ganeridos an Tavidan aicilos
SiSis wyaro - xifaTi. e.i. SiSi es aris gancda, gamowveuli konkretuli
magram jer ar ganxorcielebuli safrTxisagan. igi qreba qmedebis
ganxorcielebisas misgan Tavis aridebis mizniT an xifaTis
gadalaxvisTanave. amdenad SiSi ufro mtanjvelia, ramdenadac droSi
gaWianurebuli.
xifaTis gancdas gaaCnia emociuri da ara inteleqtualuri buneba,
romelic ganpirobebulia fantaziebiTa da STagonebebiT.
SiSis erT-erTi nairsaxeobaa panika (panikuri SiSi). es is SemTxvevaa roca
SiSis Zala ar aris gamarTlebuli misi gamomwvevi mizezebiT.
Zveli berZnebisaTvis `pani~ iyo omis RmerTi. mas hqonda
mikuTvnebuli mistiuri unari adamianSi Caesaxa SiSi. jarebi gadaeqcia
SeSinebul adamianTa brbod, romlebsac dakarguli hqondaT unari _
gaekontrolebinaT TavianTi saqcieli.
panika es aris koleqtiuri Soki, masobrivi STagoneba.
panikaSi Cavardnili individi Zalian advilad eqceva STagonebis
gavlenis qveS. amdenad STagonebis faqtorebi SemdgomSi gansazRvraven
panikis mimdinareobas.
panikis mizezebi SeiZleba iyos:
1. ukiduresi gadaRla, daqancva (gonebrivi), didi danakargis,
wagebis, gauTavebeli gadajgufebis Sedegad araorganizebulobis gancda.
radganac am SemTxvevaSi mkveTrad mcirdeba adamianis Segnebuli
aqtiuroba.
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2. Segnebuli aqtiurobis Zlier daqveiTebuli tonusi. rac
ganapirobebs individis uunarobas marTebulad imoqmedos kritikul
situaciebSi.
3. amaRlebuli emociuri aRznebadoba, romelic ganapirobebs
warmosaxvebis (fantaziebis) aqtivizirebas, roca stimulireba xdeba
impulsuri, araracionaluri moqmedebebisa.
4. imedis (rwmenis) dakargva xelmZRvanelobis mxridan. am
SemTxvevaSi individi advilad vardeba sxvebis gavlenis qveS.
5. katastrofebis safrTxis moulodneli myisieri Semoteva.
panika Zlierdeba iq, sadac sustdeba erToba da organizebuloba. e.i.
roca irRveva gamaerTianebeli faqtorebi. roca irRveva komunikaciis
arxebi. SeuZlebeli xdeba informaciis miReba. ase magaliTad: didi
xmauri, mtveri, nisli, bneli Rame, romelTa gamoisobiTac
gamaerTianebeli komunikaciebi SeiZleba gaqres.
27. panikasTan brZola
profilaqtikuri RonisZiebebi:
- emociuri adamianebis meTvalyureobis qveS ayvana (panikiorebis da
aRznebuli xalxis izolireba) maTi aRznebulobis donis kontroli).
- adamianebSi negatiuri reaqciebis ganviTarebis xarisxis
gansazRvra. maTi mizezebi, motivebi, masStabebi, Worebi, muqarebi, avariebi
da a.S.
- SeirCes informaciis tipi negatiuri reaqciebis neitralizaciis
mizniT. (viTarebis Sesaxeb utyuari, gamWirvale, swori,
aragamaRizianebeli informaciis, ganmartebis, mowodebis momzadeba da
SerCeva).
- swori moqmedebaTa magaliTebis Seqmna (misabaZad).
- sworad, operatiulad, mkafiod, darwmunebulobis
demonstrirebiT RonisZiebebis gatareba.
- panikis qveS myofi jgufebis mSvid adgilebSi gayvana,
daSoSmineba.
- eqspresiuli Zlieri saSualebebis gamoyeneba yuradRebis
gadatanis mizniT, romelic gamoiwvevs gakvirvebas (arasasiamovno
SegrZnebebi, gaurkvevloba sxva mimarTulebiT) xmamaRali musika, optikuri
da sinaTlis efeqtebi da sxva.
- adamianebis gonebis gantvirTva fizikuri varjiSiT an
datvirTvebiT ganmuxtva (fsiqoneirul hormonebisagan ganTavisufleba).
- didi roli eniWeba sayovelTao swavlebis droul da winaswar
organizebas savaldebulo formiT mosaxleobis yvela fenebisaTvis. ra
RonisZiebebi gatardeba an ra keTdeba adamianebis dacvis mizniT. magram
adamianebma, Tu ar ician magaliTad Tu ra aris radiacia da misi dozebi,
es Sedegs ar mogvcems. igive qimiuri da sxva viTarebebis SemTxvevaSi.
amdenad aucilebelia elementaruli codna da ganmartebebi damazianebeli
faqtorebis Sesaxeb.
- autotreningi TviTSTagoneba, TviTmomzadeba, misi gaanalizeba da
aucilebloba.
- religiuri da administraciuli ritualebis efeqturad da
droulad Catareba.
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- xelmZRvaneli pirebis piradi magaliTis demonstrireba.
adamianebis gverdiT yofna da maTTvis mxardaWera.
- meores mxriv, qcevis da moqmedebis wesebis swavleba
organizebulobis xarisxs amaRlebs da fsiqologiurad
TviTdarwmunebuls xdis adamians (da ara marto konkretulad qcevis
wesebs aswavlis maT).
SiSis gancda xSirad mizezi xdeba adamianis stresuli moSlolobis, rac
xSirad ufro met zians ayenebs rogorc Tavad pirovnebas, iseve sazogadoebas, vidre
sagangebo situaciebis damazianebeli faqtorebisagan gamowveuli Sedegebi.
sagangebo situaciebSi qcevisa da moqmedebis wesebi
28. miwisZvra
miwisZvra _ aris dedamiwis qerqSi an zeda mantiaSi, seismuri filaqanebis uecari

gadaadgilebiT an rRveviT gamowveuli miwisqveSa biZgebi da dedamiwis zedapiris
ryeva, romelic did manZilze gadaicema drekadi (talRebis) ryevebis saxiT. wertils
dedamiwis qerqSi, saidanac vrceldeba seismuri talRebi, ewodeba miwisZvris
hipocentri, dedamiwis zedapirze, miwisZvris hipocentridan umoklesi manZiliT (amave
dros es manZili warmoadgens miwisZvris keris siRrmes) dacilebul adgils _
epicentri. miwisZvris dros Tavisufldeba kinetikuri energiis udidesi raodenoba.
talRebis saerTo energia, anu miwisZvris simZlavre (siZliere) izomeba magnitudebSi,
romelic gamoiyeneba miwisZvris energetikuli klasifikaciisaTvis. rixteris skaliT
1-dan 9-mde magnitudis miwisZvris intensivoba fasdeba 12-baliani (“EMS-98” –
erTiani makroseismuri skala) seismuri skaliT. balis sidide damokidebulia
epicentridan daSorebaze, keris siRrmesa da magnitudaze. pirobiTad, miwisZvris
balis sididis, anu dedamiwis zedapiris ryevis intensivobis mixedviT ganasxvaveben
sust (1-4 bali), Zlier (5-7 bali) da damangrevel (8 da ufro meti bali)
miwisZvrebs. Senoba-nagebobebis sesmuri medegoba gaTvlilia balebze.
miwisZvris dros skdeba da imsxvreva fanjris minebi, Taroebidan cviva sagnebi,
Weridan baTqaSi, iryeva wignebis karadebi, irxeva WaRebi, kedlebSi da WerSi Cndeba
bzarebi. yvelafers amas Tan sdevs gamayruebeli xmauri. ryevis dawyebidan 10-20 wamis
Semdeg Zlierdeba miwisqveSa biZgebi, ris Sedegadac ingreva Senoba-nagebobebi, sul
aTiode Zlieri Seryeva angrevs mTel Senobas. saSualo miwisZvra 5-20 wams
grZeldeba. rac ufro did xans grZeldeba ryeva, miT ufro Zlieria dazianebebi.
gaxsovdeT, rom miwisZvras Tan sdevs ngreva, dazianeba da xSirad
adamianTa msxverpli. samwuxarod, kacobriobas jerjerobiT ar Seuqmnia
Cveni usafrTxoebis uzrunvelmyofi raime saSualeba, garda imisa, rom
Senoba-nagebobebi unda Sendebodes dawesebuli seismuri normebis dacviT.
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rogor unda moviqceT da ra unda vicodeT miwisZvramde:
ecadeT yovelTvis winaswar gqondeT gaazrebuli miwisZvris SemTxvevisaTvis
saxlSi, samsaxurSi, sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebSi, transportsa da quCaSi
yofnisas moqmedebis normebi. aswavleT ojaxis wevrebs da axloblebs pirveli
samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCenis wesebi, ganumarteT maT, Tu ra unda icodnen da
rogor unda moiqcnen mosalodnel miwisZvramde:
_ droulad gaiazreT Senobidan gamosvlis marSruti pirveli
sarTulis fanjrebis CaTvliT ise, rom Senobis datoveba SeiZlebodes 15-
20 wamis ganmavlobaSi ganmeorebiTi biZgebamde;
_ icodeT, rom miwisZvrisas yvelaze saSiSia lifti da kibis
ujredi, gare da Sida kedlebis didi Seminuli Riobebi, Senobis kuTxis
oTaxebi;
_ gansazRvreT yvelaze ufro xelsayreli usafrTxo adgili (binaSi,
samsaxurSi, samuSao adgilTan axlos), sadac SeiZleba biZgebis
Sewyvetamde dacda. asawyobi samSeneblo konstruqciebiT gadaxuruli
SenobebSi _ kapitaluri Sida kedlebis Riobebi, monoliTur, karkasul da
Yyvela danarCen sxva tipis SenobebSi, sadac gamoyenebuli ar aris
gadaxurvis asawyobi rkinabetonis filebi _ rogorc Sida mzidi kedlebis
Riobebi, aseve oTaxis Sida mzidi kedlebis mimdebare kuTxeebi;
_ yovelTvis gqondeT jibis farani da radiomimRebi sawolTan
axlos;
_ mzadyofnaSi iqonieT 2-3 dRis wylisa da sursaTis maragi (erT
sulze 4-5 litri wyali, konservebi da sxva), samedicino preparatebi,
dokumentebi, Zvirfaseuloba, Tbili tansacmeli, raTa dro ar daikargos
saxlis datovebis win maT moZiebasa da gamzadebaze;
_ amoiwereT da Tan gqondeT saswrafo daxmarebis, saxanZrosa da
policiis gamosaZaxeblad telefonis nomrebi;
_ nu moawyobT Taroebs saZinebeli adgilebis Tavze, Sesasvleli
karebis, gazquris, pirsabanebis da unitazis zemoT;
M _ nu ganaTavsebT zeda Taroebze da antresolebze mZime sagnebs.
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_ miamagreT kedlebze wignis karadebi, Taroebi, stelaJebi da sxva
mZime aveji, romelTa gadayiravebamac SeiZleba gamoiwvios adamianis
dazianeba;
_ wylis gamacxeleblebi da gazqurebi kedlebze miamagreT liTonis
drekadi lentis saSualebiT;
_ nu moawyobT saZinebel adgilebs did fanjrebTan an Seminul
tixrebTan. gaxsovdeT Senobis deformaciis dros, pirvel rigSi imsxvreva
mina, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios adamianTa mniSvnelovani dazianebebi
(Rrma Wrilobebi, Zlieri sisxldena);
_ saimedod daamagreT WaRebi, nu gamoiyenebT minis abaJurebs;
_ nu CaxergavT binaSi Sesasvlels, derefans da kibis baqans, nu
gadatvirTavT sxvadasxva sagniT gasasvlelebs, raTa swrafad
SeiZlebodes gamosvla da ar Seferxdes maSvelebis moZraoba;
_ SeinaxeT saSiSi nivTierebebi (Sxamqimikatebi, adviladaalebadi siTxeebi)
saimedo, kargad izolirebul adgilebSi;
_ yvelam unda icodes eleqtrodenis gamomrTvelis, SenobaSi Semomavali gazisa
da wyalsadenis onkanebis adgilmdebareoba, raTa saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gamorTon
eleqtroenergia, gazi da wyali.
_ SeiswavleT pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis wesebi, iqonieT
pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis afTiaqi;
_ Tu gyavT skolis asakis mcirewlovani bavSvebi, aswavleT maT, ra
unda gaakeTon miwisZvris SemTxvevaSi skolaSi;
_ Tu gaqvT garaJi an saagarako saxli, maTi gamoyeneba TavSesafrad
SeiZleba miwisZvris pirvel dReebSi, mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom aseTi
SemTxvevisaTvis naklebad saimedoa mewyersaSiS ubnebze ganlagebuli
Senoba-nagebobani;
_ evakuaciis SemTxvevaSi ecadeT, winaswar gqondeT gansazRvruli,
Tu sad unda SexvdeT erTmaneTs Tqven da Tqveni ojaxis wevrebi;
_ Senobis rekonstruqciis SemTxvevaSi yuradReba miaqcieT
horizontalur Zalebze gaTvlili konstruqciebis muSaobis saimedobis
uzrunvelyofas;
_ meti yuradReba dauTmeT samSeneblo normebisa da wesebis dacvas,
mSeneblobis xarisxianad ganxorcielebas. nu dagaviwydebaT, rom Tqven
seismurad aqtiur zonaSi cxovrobT.
rogor unda moviqceT miwisZvris dros:
rogorc ki SeigrZnobT biZgebs da Senobis ryevas, dainaxavT, irxeva WaRi, cviva
sagnebi, gaigebT Zlier guguns da minis msxvrevis xmas, panikis gareSe ecadeT
saswrafod datovoT Senoba. Tan iqonieT sabuTebi, fuli da pirveli saWiroebis
sagnebi. gaxsovdeT, rom im momentidan, rodesac Tqven SeigrZeniT pirveli biZgebi
Senobis srul ngrevamde gaqvT 15-20 wami. Senobidan gasvlisas isargebleT kibiT,
liftiT sargebloba saxifaToa. quCaSi gasvlisas, ecadeT aRmoCndeT Senobidan
mocilebiT, Ria adgilze. SeinarCuneT simSvide da ecadeT sxvebic daawynaroT.
araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar gamoiqceT Senobidan, Tu ar xarT
darwmunebuli imaSi, rom mas dacildebiT usafrTxo manZilze. SenobasTan
axlos vardnili namsxvrevebi aseve did saSiSroebas qmnian. zogjer,
ukeTesia ipovoT TavSesafari iq, sadac miwisZvris dros imyofebodiT da
daucadoT mis damTavrebas.
Tu Tqven ver moaxerxeT Senobis datoveba, dadeqiT usafrTxo adgilas: Sida
kedlebis kuTxeSi, Sida mzidi (kapitaluri) kedlis karis RiobSi, SeecadeT Tavi
SeafaroT sawols, sawer an sasadilo magidas, romelic dagicavT ngrevis an ryevis
Sedegad Camovardnili mZime sagnebisa da namsxvrevebisagan. nu dadgebiT fanjarasTan,
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Seminul avejTan, tixrebTan axlos, aseve WaRebis qveS. Tu TqvenTan arian bavSvebi,
CaixuteT ise, rom gadaefaroT maT. nu SegeSindebaT, Tu karebi gaiWeda, xolo kar-
fanjris CarCoebi Zlier Wrialeben _ es Senobis deformaciis dros mosalodnelia.
ar isargebloT sanTlebiT, asanTiT, sanTebelaTi _ airis gaJonvisas
SesaZlebelia gaCndes xanZari.
Senobis gareT Tavi aarideT Sekiduli aivnebis, karnizebisa (lavgardani) da
parapetebis maxloblad yofnas, ar SeexoT dawyvetil sadenebs.
Tu Tqven aRmoCndiT avtomobilSi, wynarad SeaCereT manqana maRlivi
Senobebisagan, eleqtrogadamcemi xazebisa da xidebisagan moSorebiT,
gaaReT karebi da ar gadmoxvideT manqanidan biZgebis damTavrebamde;
sakuTari Tavi aiyvaneT xelSi, ar dakargoT simSvide, nu daibneviT, nu
iyvirebT, nu miecemiT panikas.
biZgebis Cawynarebis Semdeg dauyonebliv datoveT Senoba. Tan
iqonieT dokumentebi, saojaxo afTiaqi, saWiro tansacmeli. daketeT karebi
gasaRebiT.
Tu Tqven imyofebiT maRliv SenobaSi, nu gamoxvalT kibeze, nu
SexvalT liftSi, vinaidan igi SeiZleba daiblokos. moiZieT TavSesafari
iq, sadac imyofebiT.
nu SegeSindebaT, Tu gamoirTveba eleqtroenergia, saswrafod
gamorTeT televizori. iyaviT mzad kedlebis dabzarvis, WurWlis
Wrialis, Camovardnili sagnebisagan gamocemuli xmaurisaTvis.
Tu Tqven midixarT maRlivi Senobis gaswvriv, saswrafod dadeqiT
Sesasvleli karis RiobTan, raTa Tavidan aiciloT Camovardnili sagnebis
dacema.
Tu Tqven imyofebiT Senobis gareT, ecadeT gaxvideT Ria sivrceSi,
daSordeT Senobas da eleqtrogadamcem xazebs.
sazogadoebriv transportSi yofnisas darCiT Tqvens adgilze da
sTxoveT mZRols, ar gaaRos karebi biZgebis damTavrebamde. Semdeg panikis
gareSe datoveT saloni.
quCaSi yofnisas ar dadgeT xidze, mis qveS, Senobis axlos, sahaero
eleqtrogadamcemi xazebis, an xis qveS.
dauSvebelia avtomobilis gaCereba, an saerTod yofna im obieqtebis
axlos, sadac inaxeba momwamlavi, asafeTqebeli, an advilad aalebadi
nivTierebebi.
Tu Tqveni saxli dangreulia, miaSureT Sesakreb punqts, pirveladi
moxmarebis nivTebis, sakvebi produqtebis, wylis, droebiTi sacxovreblisa
da samedicino daxmarebis misaRebad. iareT Sua gzaze, Senobebis, boZebis,
sahaero eleqtrogadamcemi xazebisagan moSorebiT.
xSirad miwisZvris mTavar biZgs Tan sdevs gayuCebis periodi, xolo
Semdeg axali, SedarebiT susti biZgebi nu gagikvirdebaT, Tu SeigrZnobT
axal biZgs, es e.w. afterSokebia. miwisZvra SeiZleba grZeldebodes
ramdenime dRe, zogjer ki ramdenime Tvec ki. afterSokebs SeuZliaT
gamoiwvion im nagebobaTa ngreva, romlebic ZiriTadi biZgis zemoqmedebis
Sedegad daziandnen.
70
rogor unda moviqceT miwisZvris Semdeg:
aRmouCineT pirveli samedicino daxmareba dazaralebulebs.
monawileoba miiReT Camonaqcevebidan adamianebis gamoyvanaSi.
uzrunvelyaviT bavSvebis, avadmyofebis da moxucebis usafrTxoeba. CarTeT
radiomimRebebi, usmineT informacias miwisZvrisa da maTi Sedegebis
salikvidacio RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb.
SeasruleT adgilobrivi xelisuflebis, miwisZvris Sedegebis
salikvidacio marTvis organoebis gankargulebebi.
SeamowmeT, aris Tu ara xanZris saSiSroeba. Tu sadme als SeamCnevT,
saswrafod CaaqreT igi.
frTxilad iyaviT kibeze Casvlisas, darwmundiT mis saimedoobaSi.
SeamowmeT, aqvs Tu ara adgili gazis gaJonvas, Tu aseTi ram
SeamCnieT, saswrafod gadaketeT gazis milsadeni. gaJonva SeamowmeT
suniT, araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar gabedoT asanTis an sanTlis anTeba, Ria
cecxlis gamoyeneba. wyalsadenis milebis dazianebis SemTxvevaSi
gadaketeT milebi da saswrafod SeatyobineT saTanado samsaxurebs.
nu iCqarebT qalaqis daTvalierebas, tyuilubralod nu ivliT
quCebSi, nu inaxulebT dazianebul ubnebs.
ar dalioT wyali onkanebidan da Webidan sanitarul-
epidemiologiuri samsaxuris Semowmebis gareSe. nu isargeblebT
sapirfareSoTi, sanam ar darwmundebiT maT vargisianobaSi.
gaasufTaveT qimikatebiT an benziniT gaWuWyianebuli zedapirebi da
amis Sesaxeb gaafrTxileT sxvebic, Sesabamisad gaakeTeT saTanado
warwerebi.
nu miuaxlovdebiT Zlier dazianebul Senobebs da nu SexvalT Sig.
mzad iyaviT ganmeorebiTi Zlieri biZgebisaTvis. aseTi biZgebi
SeiZleba ganmeordes ramdenime saaTSi, dRe-RameSi, kviraSi an TveSic ki.
vicodeT, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi Zlieri miwisZvris Semdgomi biZgebis,
e.w. afterSokebis Zala da sixSire TandaTanobiT mcirdeba. yvelaze
saSiSia miwisZvris Semdegi pirveli saaTebi, amitom momdevno 2-3 saaTis
ganmavlobaSi ukiduresi saWiroebis gareSe nu SexvalT SenobaSi.
ganmeorebiTi miwisZvra iSviaT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba aRmoCndes pirvelze
Zlieri. ar moigonoT da ar gaavrceloT araviTari xmebi SesaZlo
ganmeorebiTi biZgebis Sesaxeb. isargebleT mxolod oficialuri
monacemebiT.
Tu eleqtroqseli dazianebulia, saswrafod gamoiReT produqtebi
macivridan. gamoiyeneT konservebi an mSrali produqtebi.
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SeamowmeT, dazianebuli xom ar aris eleqtrogayvaniloba,
eleqtroRumeli an sakvamle milebi. Tu isini dazianebulia, nu aanTebT
cecxls, sanam ar SeakeTebT. SeecadeT aRmofxvraT dazianeba an gamorToT
binaSi eleqtrodeni.
frTxilad gaaReT karadisa da sakuWnaos karebi, raTa uecrad ar
gadmocvivdes mZime sagnebi.
ecadeT daawynaroT bavSvebi da Tqvens gverdiT myofni, romlebmac
miwisZvris Sedegad ganicades fsiqiuri tramva, gauqarwyleT SiSi, nu
gaavrcelebT Worebs.
Tqven valdebuli xarT daxmareba aRmouCinoT policias, saxanZro,
samaSvelo da samedicino samsaxurebs samaSvelo samuSaoebis CatarebaSi.
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SeZlebisdagvarad unda SeecadoT
dazianebulebs CautaroT pirveli (eqimamdeli) samedicino daxmareba.
Tu Tqven moyolili xarT nangrevebis qveS:
Tu Tqven Camonaqcevebis qveS aRmoCndiT, mSvidad SeafaseT viTareba,
SeZlebisdagvarad aRmouCineT Tqvens Tavs daxmareba. ecadeT daamyaroT
kavSiri nangrevebs miRma myof adamianebTan (xmiT, kakuniT). gaxsovdeT, rom
ar SeiZleba cecxlis danTeba, SegiZliaT dalioT wyali unitazis
Camrecxi avzidan, an sufTa wylis gadarCenili raime sxva rezervuaridan.
xolo wylisa da gazgayvanilobis milebi gamoiyenoT signalis
gadasacemad, xmiTa da kakuniT miipyariT yuradReba. dazogeT Zalebi.
adamians sakvebis gareSe SeuZlia gaZlos or kviraze meti.
isunTqeT Rrmad, ar SegeSindeT, ar daeceT suliT. yvelanairad unda
ecadoT, rom gadarCeT.
sanam rames moimoqmedebdeT, SeafaseT da gansazRvreT, ra aris
dadebiTi: Wrilobebis uqonloba, moZraobis Tavisufleba Tu, sufTa
haeris mimoqceva.
ar aanToT asanTi, sanTebela, sanTeli, gaufrTxildiT Jangbads.
darwmunebuli iyaviT, rom aucileblad dagexmarebian.
Tu aris SesaZlebloba, Tqvens maRla gaamagreT Weri damxmare
masalebiT (aguri, ficari da sxva), raTa ar moxdes Camongreva.
Tu Tqven nangrevebSi xarT momwyvdeuli, ecadeT gadabrundeT
mucelze, rom SeimsumbuqoT dawola gulmkerdsa da muclis Rruze.
ecadeT daiziloT xel-fexi sisxlis mimoqcevis aRsadgenad.
Zlieri wyurvilis dros pirSi CaideT cxvirsaxoci, raime naWris
naxevi an patara qva da woveT. U A
Tu Tqven daWrili xarT, an Tqvens gverdiT aris daWrili, pirvel
rigSi, unda izrunoT sisxlisdenis Sewyvetaze _ Tasmis, bintis, Tokis an
naWris SemoWeriT.
Zvlis motexilobisas _ saWiroa dazianebuli kiduris, an sxeulis
nawilis imobilizacia _ mWidrod Sekvra, raTa gatexili adgili ar
gainZres.
pirveli samedicino daxmarebis specialuri saSualebebis
uqonlobisas gamoiyeneT bintis magivrad _ qsovilis viwro naWeri, Tasmis
magivrad _ Cveulebrivi qamari, artaSnebad _ muyaos, Txeli ficris,
faneris naWrebi da sxva.
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29. lipyinulianoba
lipyinuli _ aris mkvrivi yinulis fena, romelic warmoiqmneba dedamiwis zedapirze,

trotuarze, gzis saval nawilze da sagnebze (xeebze, sadenebze da a.S.) wvimis
wveTebis da nislis gayinvis Sedegad.
dedamiwis zedapirze yinulis Txeli fena SeiZleba warmoiqmnas daTbobis an
wvimis Semdeg acivebis, agreTve sveli Tovlisa da wvimis wveTebis gayinvis Sedegad.
rogor movemzadoT lipyinulianobisaTvis:

Tu amindis prognozis Tanaxmad mosalodnelia lipyinulianoba, unda miiRoT
zomebi travmebis miRebis albaTobis Sesamcireblad. moamzadeT naklebad sriala
fexsacmeli, daamagreT quslebze liTonis quslsakravebi, fexsacmlis mSral Zirebze
daakariT leikoplastiri an saizolacio lenti. SegiZliaT agreTve daamuSaoT Zirebi
zumfaris qaRaldiT.
rogor vimoqmedoT lipyinulianobis dros:

iareT frTxilad, auCqareblad. fexi dadgiT fexsacmlis mTeli farTiT.
amasTanave fexebi odnav modunebuli, xelebi ki Tavisufali unda gqondeT. xandazmuli
adamianebisaTvis rekomendebulia rezinis bunikiani xeljoxiT an specialuri wvetiani
joxiT siaruli. Tu fexi dagicurdaT, CaimuxleT, raTa Semcirdes vardnis simaRle.
ecadeT gadaadgildeT jguf-jgufad, raTa SesaZlo dacemisas miwaze dartyma
Serbildes.
lipyinulianobas xSirad Tan sdevs moyinva. am SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba unda mieqces eleqtrogadacemis xazebs da eleqtrotransportis
sakontaqto qselebis sadenebs, vinaidan arsebobs maTi gawyvetis saSiSroeba. Tu Tqven
SeamCnevT dawyvetil sadenebs, SeatyobineT amis Sesaxeb dasaxlebuli punqtis
administracias.
rogor unda moviqceT travmis miRebis dros:

73
mimarTeT travmatologiis an gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis punqts.
gaaformeT biuleteni an cnoba travmis miRebis Sesaxeb, romelic SeiZleba gamoiyenoT
sacxovrebeli an travmis miRebis adgilis mixedviT sasamarTloSi mimarTvisas
zaralis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb sasarCelo gancxadebiT.
30. Tovlis namqeri
Tovlis namqeri _ aris did TovasTan dakavSirebuli

hidrometeorologiuri xasiaTis stiqiuri ubedureba, rodesac didi
siCqaris (150 km/sT-mde) qaris SemTxvevaSi Tova 12 saaTze met xans
grZeldeba.
qarbuqi _ aris qaris mier Tovlis gadatana haeris miwispira fenaSi.
ganarCeven miwispira, qvedur da Cveulebriv qarbuqs. miwispira da qveduri
qarbuqis dros xdeba adreuli Tovlis gadanawileba-gadatana,
Cveulebrivi qarbuqis dros Tovlis gadatana mimdinareobs TovasTan
erTad.
Tovlis namqeri da qarbuqi saSiSroebas uqmnis mosaxleobas.
TovliT ifareba gzebi, dasaxlebuli punqtebi da calkeuli Senobebi.
Tovlis namqeris simaRle SeiZleba 1 metrs, xolo mTian raionebSi 5-6
metrs aRwevdes. qarbuqis da namqeris dros SesaZloa gzebze xilvadobis
20-50 metris farglebSi Semcireba. agreTve Senobebis da saxuravebis
nawilobrivi ngreva, eleqtrogadacemis da kavSirgabmulobis sahaero
xazebis gawyveta.
rogor movemzadoT qarbuqisa da Tovlis namqeris SemTxvevisaTvis:

Tu Tqven miiReT gafrTxileba Zlieri qarbuqis Sesaxeb, mWidrod
daxureT fanjrebi, karebi, sxvenis liukebi da saventilacio milebi.
fanjris minebze daakariT qaRaldis lentebi, daxureT darabebi.
moamzadeT wylis da sakvebis ordRiani maragi, moimarageT medikamentebi,
avtonomiuri ganaTebis saSualebebi (farnebi, navTis lampebi, sanTlebi),
74
samgzavro qura, batareebze momuSave radiomimRebi. aalageT balkonebidan
da fanjris rafebidan nivTebi, romlebic qaris nakadma SeiZleba aitacos.
CarTeT radiomimRebebi da televizorebi axali mniSvnelovani
informaciis misaRebad. iyaviT mzad eleqtroenergiis SesaZlo
gaTiSvisaTvis.
gadadiT naklebad myari nagebobebidan ufro myar SenobebSi.
moamzadeT Tovlis asaRebi iaraRebi.
rogor vimoqmedoT Zlieri qarbuqis dros:

Senobidan mxolod gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gasvla.
Senobidan marto gasvla ki saerTod dauSvebelia. avtomobiliT SeiZleba
moZraoba mxolod did gzebze da gzatkecilebze. manqanidan gadmosvlisas
ar gascdeT manqanas xilvadobis manZilze meti manZiliT. Tu manqana gzaze
gagiCerdaT, mieciT gangaSis signali avtomobilis wyvetili sayviriT,
awieT kapoti da CamokideT masze kaSkaSa feris qsovili. daxmarebas
daelodeT manqanaSi. amasTanave Zrava datoveT CarTuli, mina odnav CawieT
ventilaciisa da mxuTavi airiT mowamvlis Tavidan acilebis mizniT.
dasaxlebuli punqtis gareT fexiT gadaadgilebisas Tu dakargeT
orientacia, Tqveni adgilsamyofelis dasazusteblad SediT pirvelsave
Semxvedr saxlSi da iq daelodeT qarbuqis damTavrebas. yuradReba da
sifrTxile gamoiCineT ucxo adamianebTan kontaqtis dros, vinaidan
stiqiuri ubedurebebis dros mkveTrad matulobs avtomobilebis, minebis
da samsaxurebrivi saTavsoebis gaqurdvaTa SemTxvevebi.
rogor vimoqmedoT Zlieri qarbuqis Semdeg:

Tu Zlieri namqeris pirobebSi aRmoCndiT blokirebul SenobaSi,
frTxilad, panikis gareSe gaarkvieT, aris Tu ara Senobidan
damoukideblad (iq arsebuli xelsawyoebis da damxmare saSualebebis
gamoyenebiT) gamosvlis SesaZlebloba. SeatyobineT policias an
dasaxlebuli punqtis administracias namqeris xasiaTis Sesaxeb. Tu
damoukideblad Tovlis namqeris gawmenda ver xerxdeba, ecadeT
daukavSirdeT samaSvelo samsaxurs. CarTeT radiomimRebi an televizori
da SeasruleT adgilobrivi xelisuflebis miTiTebebi, miiReT zomebi
siTbos SesanarCuneblad da sursaTis maragis ekonomiurad xarjvisaTvis.
pirveli daxmareba sxeulis moyinvis dros:

gaiTbeT sxeulis moyinuli nawili da mSrali rbili qsoviliT
daizileT. Semdeg Tbil wyalSi moaTavseT, temperaturis TandaTanobiT
40-45 gradusamde aweviT. Tu tkivilma gaiara da mgrZnobiaroba
dagibrundaT, gaimSraleT, CaicviT Tbilad da SeZlebisdagvarad SeecadeT
mimarToT eqims.
75
31. gvalva
gvalva _ aris garkveul teritoriaze naleqebis xangrZlivi droiT

nakleboba, xSirad haeris maRali temperaturisa da dabali tenianobis
dros.
Zlieri sicxe _ xasiaTdeba ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi haeris
saSualo dadebiTi temperaturis 10 da meti gradusiT aweviT.
saSiSroebas warmoadgens adamianis dasicxva, rodesac

Termoregulacia mkveTrad irRveva da misi sxeulis temperatura 39
gradusamde, zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki, ufro metsac aRwevs. amgvari
kritikuli mdgomareoba warmoiqmneba xangrZlivi da Zlieri gadaxurebis
Sedegad, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios mzis dakvra, an gulis
funqcionirebis darRveva.
dasicxvis simptomebia: kanis gawiTleba, lorwovani garsis
simSrale, Zlieri wyurvili. Semdgom SesaZloa grZnobis dakargva, gulis
da sunTqvis gaCereba.
rogor movemzadoT gvalvisaTvis (Zlieri sicxisaTvis)

moimarageT damatebiT WurWeli da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi winaswar
gaavseT wyliT. moamzadeT sicxis pirobebisaTvis Sesaferisi tansacmeli,
sayofacxovrebo eleqtroxelsawyoebi (ventlatorebi, kondicionerebi). Tu
Tqven sofelSi imyofebiT, moawyveT fardulebi, talaverebi, Webi, agreTve
darabebi fanjrebisaTvis. SeZlebisdagvarad SeiZineT eleqtroenergiis
avtonomiuri wyaro sayofacxovrebo eleqtroxelsawyoebis
uzrunvelsayofad. ekonomiurad xarjeT wyali. unda icodeT da aswavloT
Tqveni ojaxis wevrebs, rogor imoqmedon dasicxvis, an gadaxurebis dros.
rogor vimoqmedoT gvalvis (Zlieri sicxis) dros

moerideT maRali temperaturis zemoqmedebas. atareT Ria feris
haergamtari fexsacmeli da qudi. gaxsovdeT, rom damwvari kani ar
gamoyofs ofls da ver grildeba. iareT auCqareblad, ecadeT ufro
xSirad CrdilSi iyoT. ar dalioT ludi da sxva alkoholiani sasmelebi,
76
es gamoiwvevs organizmis saerTo mdgomareobis gauaresebas. dasicxvis
dros dauyonebliv gadadiT CrdilSi, gril adgilas, sadac niavia, an
miiReT Sxapi. nel-nela dalieT bevri wyali. ecadeT gaigriloT tani,
raTa Tavidan aiciloT mzis dakvra. Tu mzis dakvris Sedegad vinmem
grZnoba dakarga, CautareT gulis masaJi da xelovnuri sunTqva.
gaxsovdeT, rom gvalvis dros matulobs xanZris albaToba.
rogor vimoqmedoT gvalvis (Zlieri sicxis) Semdeg

daukavSirdiT adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis sagangebo situaciebis
marTvis organoebs stiqiuri ubedurebisa da Semdgomi qmedebebis Sesaxeb
informaciis misaRebad. ecadeT, mzadyofna SeinarCunoT didi xnis
ganmavlobaSi, vinaidan ubedureba SeiZleba ganmeordes.
32. zvavi
zvavi _ aris Tovlis didi masa, romelic mogoravs an mosrialebs

mTebis cicabo ferdobebidan simZimis Zalis zemoqmedebiT siCqariT 20-30
m/w. zvavis Camowolis dros warmoiqmneba haeris talRa, romelic win
mouZRveba Tovlis masas da xasiaTdeba damangreveli moqmedebiT.
Tovlis zvavi warmoiqmneba xangrZlivi Tovis, Tovlis intensiuri
dnobis, miwisZvris, afeTqebebisa da sxva antropogenuri saqmianobis
Sedegad, romelic iwvevs mTis ferdobebis da sahaero sivrcis ryevas.
Camowolilma zvavma SeiZleba gamoiwvios Senobebis, sainJinro nagebobebis
ngreva, gzebis da mTis bilikebis Semkvrivebuli TovliT dafarva. zvavis
Camowolis dros maRalmTiani raionebis macxovreblebma, turistebma,
alpinistebma, geologebma, mesazRvreebma da mosaxleobam SeiZleba miiRon
travmebi da aRmoCndnen Tovlis sqeli fenis qveS.
rogor vimoqmedoT zvavsaSiS zonaSi yofnisas:

 ar waxvideT mTaSi avdarsa da Tovis dros;
 mTaSi yofnisas yuradReba miaqcieT amindis cvlilebas;
_ mTaSi wasvlisas unda icodeT Tqveni mgzavrobis an gaseirnebis
raionSi zvavis SesaZlo Camonawolis adgilebi;
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_ Tavi aarideT adgilebs, sadac arsebobs zvavis Camowolis
saSiSroeba. zvavi ufro xSiria mTis im ferdobebze, romelTa daxriloba
300-s, xolo tyiT da buCqnariT daufarav ferdobebze 200-s aRemateba.
zvavis Camowola praqtikulad yoveli Tovis dros im ferdobebze
aRiniSneba, romelTa daxriloba 450-ze metia.
zvavebis Tavidan asacilebeli RonisZiebebi:

zvavis Camowolis saSiSroebisas xorcieldeba Semdegi
zvavsawinaaRmdego samuSaoebi: zvavsaSiS adgilebSi organizeba ukeTdeba
Tovlis dagrovebis kontrols, xelovnurad axdenen zvavis gamowvevas,
igeba damcavi nagebobebi, mzadyofnaSi moiyvaneba samaSvelo saSualebebi.
igegmeba samaSvelo samuSaoebis ganxorcieleba.
zvavsaSiSroebis periodSi Tavi aarideT im vel-dablobSi
0
gadaadgilebas, romlis ferdobebis daxriloba 30 -ze metia, xolo Tovis
Semdeg im vel-dablobebze moZraobas, romlis ferdobebis daxriloba 200-
is farglebSia.
daimaxsovreT, rom zvavis Camowolis yvelaze saSiSi periodi
gazafxulisa da zafxulis naTeli dRea, mzis amosvlidan _ mzis
Casvlamde.
rogor vimoqmedoT zvavis Camowolis dros:

zvavis Camowolis dros saswrafod unda datovoT saxifaTo adgili
sirbiliT an Cqari nabijiT da gadaxvideT usafrTxo adgilas an
moefaroT kldis Sverils (ar dadgeT norCi xeebis ukan). Tu zvavs ver
gaeqeciT, ganTavisufldiT bargisagan, miiReT horizontaluri
mdgomareoba, TaviT zvavis moZraobis mimarTulebiT. Aamave dros SeecadeT
mWidroT Sekruli xelebiT miikraT muxlebi mucelze (miiRoT gundas
forma).
rogor vimoqmedoT zvavSi moyolis dros:

pirisa da cxviris dacvis mizniT, saxeze aifareT xelTaTmanebi,
Sarfi, sayelo. ecadeT, zvavis zedapirze darCeT, xolo xelebis curvis
magvari moZraobebiT zvavis kidisaken gadaadgileT (zvavis kideze misi
moZraobis siCqare mcirea). roca zvavi gaCerdeba, SeecadeT saxis da
mkerdis irgvliv Tavisufali sivrce SeqmnaT, rac gagiadvilebT sunTqvas.
Tu saSualeba geqnebaT, imoZraveT zeviT (Tu saiT aris miwis zedapiri,
raime nivTis an nerwyvis vardnis mimarTulebis meSveobiT gaarkvevT).
zvavSi moyolisas ar iyviroT _ Tovli mTlianad axSobs xmas.
gaufrTxildiT Zal-Rones, Jangbads da siTbos. ecadeT, ar daiZinoT.
gaxsovdeT, rom Tqven geZeben. cnobilia SemTxvevebi, rodesac zvavSi
moyolili adamianebi xSirad ramdenime dRis, xolo zogierT SemTxvevaSi
ori kviris Semdegac ki gadaurCeniaT.
rogor vimoqmedoT zvavis Camowolis Semdeg:

Tu Tqven zvavis Camowolis zonis gareT aRmoCndiT, SeatyobineT
nebismieri saSualebiT momxdari ubedurebis Sesaxeb uaxloesi
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dasaxlebuli punqtis administracias da SeudeqiT dazaralebulebis
moZebnas da gadarCenas.
damoukideblad an maSvelebis daxmarebiT Tovlidan gamosvlisas
yuradRebiT SeaTvaliereT Tqveni sxeuli da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
aRmouCineT Tqvens Tavs daxmareba. uaxloes dasaxlebul punqtSi
misvlisas, SeatyobineT zvavis Camowolis Sesaxeb adgilobriv
administracias. mimarTeT adgilobriv samedicino punqts an eqims im
SemTxvevaSic, Tu TvliT, rom ar dazianebulxarT. Semdeg ki imoqmedeT
eqimis an samaSvelo razmis xelmZRvanelis miTiTebebis Tanaxmad.
SeatyobineT Tqvens naTesavebs da axloblebs Tqveni mdgomareobisa
da adgilmdebareobis Sesaxeb.
33. elva
elva _ aris wvimis RrubelTa grovaSi eleqtrostatikuri

naperwklis ganmuxtva, romelsac Tan sdevs TvalismomWreli gaelveba da
quxili. elvis erT-erT sagangebo formas mexi warmoadgens.
saSiSroeba. elvis ganmuxtvas axasiaTebs denis didi Zala, xolo

misi temperatura 300 0000-s aRwevs. elvis xeze moxvedra iwvevs mis gapobas
da aalebas. xis gapoba warmoiqmneba Sida afeTqebis Sedegad merqnis Siga
tenis myisieri aorTqlebis gamo. elvis pirdapiri zemoqmedeba adamianebze,
maTi mZime dazianebisa da daRupvis mizezi xdeba. (yovelwliurad
msoflioSi elvisagan daaxloebiT 300-mde adamiani iRupeba).
eleqtrostatikuri ganmuxtva, Cveulebriv, umciresi eleqtruli
winaRobis gzaze xdeba. vinaidan sivrceSi yvelaze maRal sagansa da
RrubelTa grovas Soris manZili umoklesia, amdenad maT Soris
eleqtruli winaRobac naklebia. swored amiT aixsneba is faqti, rom elva
pirvel rigSi maRal obieqtebs (anZas, xes da a.S.) azianebs.
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rogor movemzadoT elvisaTvis:
elvis dartymam (mexis dacemam) SeiZleba gamoiwvios ngreva, liTonis
gadnoba, xanZari, adamianis msxverpli. ekonomikis obieqtebisa da Senoba-
nagebobebis elvisagan dasacavad iyeneben mexamridebs. maT anZebsa da
nagebobebis maRla gaWimuli, damiwebuli liTonis sadenebis saxe aqvs.
qalaqgareT gasvlis win daazusteT amindis prognozi. Tu
mosalodnelia elWeqi, gadaitaneT Tqveni qalaqgareT gaseirneba meore
dRisaTvis. Tu Tqven SeamCnieT elWeqis fronti, pirvel rigSi
gansazRvreT ra manZiliT xarT misgan daSorebuli. manZilis dadgena ki
gaelvebis Semdeg pirveli quxilis dayovnebis xangrZlivobis mixedviT
xorcieldeba. agreTve SeiZleba ganisazRvros, igi gviaxlovdeba Tu
gvSordeba. vinaidan elvis (sinaTlis) gavrcelebis siCqare (300 000 km/w)
gacilebiT didia, vidre quxilis (bgeris) _ siCqare (340 m/w), amitoma Cven
gaelvebas maSinve vxedavT, quxili ki garkveuli dayovnebiT gvesmis.
maSasadame, xmis dayovneba ZiriTadaT Cvensa da elWeqis frontamde
manZiliT ganisazRvreba.
magaliTi: Tu gaelvebidan quxilamde 5 wami gavida, manZili elWeqis
frontamde udris 340 m/w X 5w = 1700 m.
rogor vimoqmedoT elWeqis dros:

elva saSiSia maSin, rodesac mas Tan sdevs quxili. am SemTxvevaSi
saswrafod unda miiRoT winaswari zomebi.
Tu Tqven sofelSi imyofebiT: daxureT fanjrebi, karebebi,
kvamlsadenebi da saventilacio milebi. ar daanToT Rumeli, vinaidan misi
milidan gamomavali maRali temperaturis airebs dabali winaRoba aqvT.
ar ilaparakoT telefoniT: elva SeiZleba boZebs Soris gaWimul sadenebs
moxvdes.
elvis dros ar mixvideT eleqtrogayvanilobasTan, mexamridTan,
saxuravebidan wyalgadamyvan milebTan, antenasTan axlos, ar dadgeT
fanjarasTan, SeZlebisamebr gamorTeT televizori, radio da sxva
sayofacxovrebo eleqtruli xelsawyoebi.
Tu Tqven tyeSi imyofebiT, Tavi SeafareT tyis dabal buCqovan ubans.
ar dadgeT maRali xeebis, gansakuTrebiT fiWvis, muxis da alvis
maxloblad.
Tu Tqven tbaze an mis napirze imyofebiT, mocildiT napirs, ecadeT
CaxvideT maRlobidan dablobSi.
mindorSi (velze) yofnis dros gaeSureT xevSi, dablobSi an sxva
bunebrivad CaRrmavebul adgilas. ar dawveT miwaze, aramed CaicucqeT
terfebze dayrdnobiT, raTa maqsimalurad Semcirdes Tqveni simaRle da
sxeulis miwasTan Sexebis zedapiri.
Tu Tqven elWeqSi moyeviT, dauyonebliv (Tqvengan 20-30 m-is
moSorebiT) gverdze gadadeT liTonis sagnebi (motocikleti, velosipedi
da liTonis samuSao, savarjiSo an sxva saxis iaraRebi).
Tu elWeqis dros Tqven avtomobilSi imyofebiT, ar gadmoxvideT
manqanidan, daxureT fanjrebi da CawieT radiomimRebis antena.
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34. wyaldidoba
wyaldidoba _ aris Tovlis dnobis, kokispiruli wvimebis,

qarismieri wylis modenis an mdinareebis Caxergvis dros mdinareebis,
tbebis an zRvis wylis donis awevis Sedegad teritoriis mniSvnelovani
datborva. wyaldidobis mizezi SeiZleba iyos hidroteqnikuri xasiaTis
avariebi da zRvis ryeva, es ukanasknelni teritoriebis datborvasTan
erTad iwveven wamleki talRis movardnis Sedegad masStabur ngrevebs.
wyaldidoba iwvevs xidebis, Senoba nagebobebis ngrevas, did zians
ayenebs qveynis meurneobas, xolo adidebuli wylis didi siCqarisa da (4
m/w-ze meti) da wylis maRali donis (2 m-ze meti) dros adamianebis da
cxovelebis daRupvas. ngrevis ZiriTadi mizezia Senoba-nagebobebze wylis
masis, didi siCqariT moZravi yinulis, sxvadasxva namsxvrevebis, sacurao
saSualebebis, aseve uSualod hidravlikuri dartymebis zemoqmedeba.
wyaldidoba SeiZleba uecrad warmoiqmnas da ramdenime saaTidan 2-3
kviramde gagrZeldes.
rogor movemzadoT wyaldidobisaTvis:

Tu Tqveni raioni wyaldidobisagan xSirad zaraldeba, SeiswavleT
da daimaxsovreT datborvis SesaZlo sazRvrebi, agreTve Tqven
sacxovrebel adgilTan uSualo siaxloveSi mdebare amaRlebuli
adgilebi, romlebic iSviaTad itboreba da maTTan misasvleli umoklesi
gzebi. gaacaniT Tqveni ojaxis wevrebs evakuaciis, agreTve uecrad
movardnili da swrafad mimdinare wyaldidobis SemTxvevaSi qcevis wesebi.
daimaxsovreT navebis, tivebisa da maTi damzadebisaTvis saWiro
samSeneblo masalebis Senaxvis adgilebi. winaswar SeadgineT evakuaciis
dros Tan wasaRebi saWiro sabuTebis, nivTebis da medikamentebis
CamonaTvali. CaawyveT specialur CemodanSi an zurgCanTaSi saWiro Tbili
tansacmeli, produqtebis, wylisa da medikamentebis maragi.
rogor moviqceT wyaldidobis dros:

wyaldidobis saSiSroebis da evakuaciis Sesaxeb Setyobinebis
signalis miRebisTanave dadgenili wesiT dauyonebliv datoveT SesaZlo
katastrofuli datborvis saSiSi zona da gadadiT usafrTxo raionSi an
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amaRlebul adgilas, Tan waiReT sabuTebi, Zvirfaseuloba, saWiro nivTebi
da kvebis produqtebis ordRiani maragi. gatardiT registraciaSi
saevakuacio punqtSi. evakuacias eqvemdebareba Sinauri cxovelebic.
saxlidan gasvlisas gamorTeT eleqtrodeni da gazi, CaaqreT
cecxli RumelSi. Senobis gareT mdebare yvela mcuravi sagani daamagreT
an moaTavseT damxmare saTavsoebSi. Tu dro saSualebas iZleva, Zvirfasi
saojaxo nivTebi gadaitaneT saxlis zeda sarTulebze, an sxvenze.
daxureT kar-fanjrebi, saWiroebis da drois arsebobis SemTxvevaSi,
pirveli sarTulis fanjrebi da karebebi amoWedeT garedan ficrebiT.
katastrofuli datborvis moulodneli ganviTarebis dros
garRvevis talRis dartymisagan Tavdasacavad saWiroa swrafad davikavoT
amaRlebuli adgili. adiT msxvil xeze, myari nagebobebis zeda iarusebze,
Tu imyofebiT wyalSi, talRis moaxloebisas, Aar daibneT da ar SeSindeT,
CayvinTeT mis fuZesTan Rrmad wyalSi. garkveuli dayovnebis Semdeg ki
(wyalqveSa curviT) amoyvinTeT wylis zedapirze.
wyalSi moxvedrisas curviT an mocurave saSualebebis gamoyenebiT
gamodiT mSral adgilas, ukeTesia gzis miwayrilze an dambaze, es
dautborav teritoriamde advilad miRwevis saSualebas mogcemT.
adamianTa TviTevakuacia fexiT an xelmisawvdomi sacurao
saSualebebiT dasaSvebia Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: pirdapir Cans dautboravi
teritoria; dagimTavrdaT kvebis produqtebi; garedan daxmarebis miReba
uperspeqtivo xdeba; an gesaWiroebaT gadaudebeli samedicino daxmareba.
wyaldidobis dros gamoiCineT TavSekaveba da ar ahyveT panikas.
wesrigSi unda moiyvanoT sanaosno saSualebebi, xolo maTi uqonlobis
SemTxvevaSi adgilobrivi masalebisagan (ficari, mori, avtosaburavi,
kasri da sxva) SeecadeT martivi sacurao saSualebebis gakeTebas.
Tu Tqven aRmoCndiT wyalSi, ecadeT Tavidan moiciloT mZime
tansacmeli da fexsacmeli, gacuroT dautboravi adgilebisaken.
frTxilad iyaviT wylis zedapirze mocurave sagnebis mimarT, raTa
Tavidan aiciloT SesaZlo tramva.
Tu ar tardeba organizebuli evakuacia, maSvelebis mosvlamde an
wylis donis dawevamde adiT Senobis zeda sarTulebze, saxuravebze,
xeebze an sxva amaRlebul sagnebze. amave dros ganuwyvetliv gadaeciT
signali ubedurebis Sesaxeb: dRisiT _ joxze damagrebuli kargad
xilvadi qsovilis naWris gamofeniT an misi qneviT, xolo dabnelebisas _
SuqsignaliT da perioduli SexmianebiT. maSvelebis moaxloebisas
wynarad, panikis gareSe, frTxilad gadadiT sacurao saSualebaSi.
amasTanave ganuxrelad SeasruleTYmaSvelebis moTxovnebi, ar dauSvaT
sacurao saSualebis gadatvirTva. mgzavrobis dros ar datovoT Tqveni
adgili, ar CamojdeT (gare) noaJirze, zustad SeasruleT ekipaJis
miTiTebebi.
Tu adamiani ixrCoba:
wyalSi myof adamians, romelic ixrCoba, gadaugdeT mcuravi sagani.
gaamxneveT igi da dauZaxeT maSvelebs. dazaralebulamde curviT
miaxloebisas gaiTvaliswineT mdinaris dineba, Tu wyalwaRebuli ver
akontrolebs Tavis moqmedebebs, mas uknidan miuaxlovdiT, xeli daavleT
da napirisken gacureT.
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rogor vimoqmedoT wyaldidobis Semdeg:
SenobaSi Sesvlamde SeamowmeT, arsebobs Tu ara misi Camoqcevis an
raime sagnis dacemis saSiSroeba! gaaniaveT Senoba! ar CarToT
eleqtroganaTeba, ar isargebloT elqtroxelsawyoebiT, sanam ar
darwmundebiT, rom isini kargad gamoSra! ar isargebloT Ria cecxlis
wyaroebiT! ar aanToT asanTi Senobis srul ganiavebamde da
gazmomaragebis sistemis gamarTulobis Semowmebamde! SeamowmeT
dazianebulia Tu ara eleqtrogayvaniloba, gazmomaragebis milsadenebi,
wyalsadeni, kanalizacia da ar isargebloT manam, sanam ar darwmundebiT
maT gamarTulobaSi! ar miiRoT is sakvebi produqti, romelic wyalTan
SeiZleba yofiliyo kontaqtSi! Aar dalioT auduRebeli wyali
adgilobrivi wylis wyaroebidan!
35. Rvarcofi
Rvarcofi _ aris wylis da didi odenobiT mTis qanebis naSalis

(namsxvrevebis), Tixovani nawilakebis, didi qvebisa da lodebis narevis
droebiTi nakadi, romelic uecrad warmoiSoba mTis mdinareebis
kalapotebsa da vel-dablobebSi.
Rvarcofuli nakadebi warmoiqmneba xangrZlivi da uxvi wvimebis,
Tovlis an myinvaris intensiuri dnobis, wyalsatevebis garRvevis,
miwisZvris da vulkanis amofrqvevis Sedegad. igi uecrad warmoiSoba da
moZraobs didi siCqariT (10 m/w da meti). Rvarcofi xSirad momvardni
talRebis formirebiT mimdinareobs. igi SeiZleba gagrZeldes aTiode
wuTidan ramdenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi. Rvarcofuli talRis simaRlem
SeiZleba 15 metrsac miaRwios. movardnili Rvarcofis grgvinva da
gruxuni did manZilze ismis. Rvarcofs didi ubedureba moaqvs _
iRupebian adamianebi (turistebi, geologebi, mesazRvreebi, adgilobrivi
macxovreblebi), ingreva sacxovrebeli saxlebi, sainJinro da sagzao
nagebobebi.
TiToeulma adamianma, romelic cxovrobs RvarcofsaSiS raionSi,
unda gansazRvros, xom ar mdebareobs misi saxli Rvarcofis SesaZlo
moqmedebis zonaSi. aseT zonebSi, rogorc wesi uari unda TqvaT
sacxovrebeli saxlis aSenebaze. xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saxli ukve
mdebareobs aRniSnul zonaSi, saWiroa miiRoT zomebi saxlis
fundamentisa da kedlebis gasamagreblad, miwayrilebis, SemovliTi
saniaRvre arxebis asagebad, ferdobebis nargavebiT an sayrdeni kedlebiT
gasamagreblad, sakomunikacio xazebis damatebiTi dacviTi RonisZiebebis
gasatareblad.
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rogor movemzadoT RvarcofisaTvis:
Cveulebriv cnobilia is adgilebi, sadac SesaZlebelia Rvarcofis
movardna. mTaSi gamgzavrebamde SeiswavleT Tqveni moZraobis marSrutze
es adgilebi da Tavi aarideT maT gansakuTrebiT uxvi wvimebis Semdeg.
yovelTvis gaxsovdeT, rom RvarcofSi moyolili adamianis gadarCena
TiTqmis SeuZlebelia. Rvarcofisagan gadarCena mxolod misgan Tavis
aridebiT SeiZleba.
winaswari evakuaciis dros binis datovebamde gamorTeT
eleqtrodeni, gazi da wyali. mWidrod daxureT kar-fanjrebi da
saventilacio milebi.
winaswari RonisZiebebi Rvarcofis Tavidan asacileblad:

RvarcofsaSiS raionebSi igeba Rvarcofis sawinaaRmdego jebirebi
da kaSxlebi, keTdeba SemovliTi arxebi, regulirdeba, anu mcirdeba mTis
tbebis wylis done. xeebis dargvis gziT xdeba ferdobebze miwis
gamagreba, tardeba dakvirvebebi, iqmneba Setyobinebis sistema da igegmeba
evakuacia.
rogor vimoqmedoT Rvarcofis dros:

moaxloebuli Rvarcofuli nakadis Sesaxeb gafrTxileba-signalis
miRebis SemTxvevaSi (sireniT, radioTi, telefoniT an raime sxva winaswar
dadgenili saSualebebiT) an Tu gaigebT Taviseburi grgvinvis xmas,
aqafebuli wylis, qvis namsxvrevebis WaxuniT, romelic waagavs didi
siswrafiT moaxloebuli matareblis gruxuns, aucilebelia dauyonebliv
axvideT vel-dablobidan (wylis Casadinaridan) 50-100 metriT maRla. amave
dros unda gaxsovdeT, rom mZvinvare nakadidan SeiZleba amoityorcnos
didi wonis qvebi, romlebmac SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas adamianebis
sicocxles. ecadeT, saswrafod moaxdinoT evakuireba usafrTxo adgilze
winaswar gansazRvruli saevakuacio sqemis Sesabamisad.
rogor vimoqmedoT Rvarcofis Semdeg:
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aRmouCineT daxmareba dazaralebulebs da daexmareT im samaSvelo
Zalebs, romlebic axorcieleben Camonaqcevebisa da xergilebis gawmendas
Rvarcofis moZraobis gzaze da ZiriTadi Rvarcofuli masis gamotanis
adgilebSi.
zRvis ryeva (cunami) da hidrodinamikuri avariis Sedegad warmoSobili

wamleki talRa
zRvis ryeva _ aris saSiSi bunebrivi movlena, romelic zRvis

talRebs warmoadgens da warmoiSoba ZiriTadad wyalqveSa da sanapiro
raionSi miwisZvris dros zRvis fskeris gansazRvruli ubnis Zvris
Sedegad. zRvis ryeva, romelsac wynar okeaneSi cunams uwodeben, SeiZleba
didi siCqariT (100 km/sT-mde) aTasobiT kilometrze gavrceldes. misi
talRis simaRle 1 metridan 5 metramde meryeobs, xolo wyalmeCxer
adgilebSi, napirTan mkveTrad matulobs da 10-dan 50 m-s aRwevs. napirze
movardnili wylis es uzarmazari masa iwvevs wyaldidobas, Senoba-
nagebobebis, eleqtrogadacemisa da kavSirgabmulobis xazebis, gzebis,
xidebis, navmisadgomebis ngrevas, agreTve adamianebis da cxovelebis
daRupvas. wylis talRas win uswrebs haeris dartymiTi talRa, romelic
afeTqebis talRis analogiurad moqmedebs da angrevs Senoba-nagebobebs.
cunami Sedgeba ramdenime talRisagan. Zalian xSirad es aris talRebis
seria, romelic enarcxeba napirs erTi an erTze meti saaTis intervaliT.
zRvis ryevis analogiur efeqts iwvevs hidrodinamikuri avariis
SemTxvevaSi warmoSobili wamleki (momvardni) talRis zemoqmedeba. aqedan
gamomdinare mosaxleobis moqmedebisa da qcevis wesebi orive SemTxvevaSi
identuria.
Hhidrodinamikuri avaria _ aris teqnogenuri xasiaTis sagangebo
situacia, romelic dakavSirebulia hidroteqnikuri nagebobis (kaSxali,
wyalmRobi da wyalSemkrebi rabebi) ngrevasTan da wylis didi nakadis
umarTav gadaadgilebasTan, romelsac Tan sdevs ngreva da didi
teritoriis datborva.
hidroteqnikuri avaria SeiZleba ganviTardes bunebrivi Zalebis
(miwisZvra, qariSxali, kaSxlis walekva da sxva), an adamianis
zemoqmedebiT (birTvuli iaraRiT dartymis miyeneba, diversiuli afeTqebis
mowyoba), agreTve konstruqciuli defeqtebis, an proeqtirebaSi
daSvebuli Secdomebis gamo.
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zRvis ryevis niSnebi:
zRvis SesaZlo ryevis Sesaxeb gamafrTxilebel bunebriv signals
miwisZvra warmoadgens. rogorc wesi, zRvis ryevis dawyebamde wyali
napirisagan ukan sakmao manZilze ixevs, asobiT metrisa da ramdenime
kilometris manZilze zRvis fskeri SiSvldeba. zRvis es ukuqceva
SeiZleba ramdenime wuTi, an naxevari saaTi gagrZeldes.
talRebis moZraobas SeiZleb Tan axldes mquxare gruxuni, romelic
ismis talRis gamoCenamde. zogjer ki cunamis dawyebamde SeiZleba moxdes
sanapiros wyliT mciredi datborva. moaxloebuli stiqiuri ubedurebis
momaswavebeli niSani SeiZleba iyos cxovelebis gansxvavebuli qceva. isini
winaswar grZnoben saSiSroebas da cdiloben gadavidnen amaRlebul
adgilas.
rogor movemzadoT zRvis ryevis SemTxvevisaTvis:

yuradRebiT usmineT Setyobinebas zRvis ryevis prognozis Sesaxeb,
gaxsovdeT misi momaswavebeli niSnebi. daimaxsovreT da gaacaniT ojaxis
wevrebs Tqveni regionisaTvis dadgenili zRvis ryevis saSiSroebis
Sesaxeb Setyobinebis signalebi. winaswar moifiqreT zRvis ryevis dros
Tqveni moqmedebis gegma. miaRwieT imas, rom Tqvenma ojaxis wevrebma,
TanamSromlebma da nacnobebma icodnen, ra unda gaakeTon zRvis ryevis
dros. daadgineT, mdebareobs Tu ara Tqveni sacxovrebeli saxli an
samuSao zRvis ryevis SesaZlo ganviTarebis raionSi.
gaxsovdeT, rom yvelaze saSiSi adgilebia mdinareebis SesarTavebi,
zRvis viwro ubeebi, sruteebi. aucilebelia, icodeT gansakuTrebiT saSiSi
zonebis sazRvrebi da usafrTxo adgilas gasasvleli gzebi. mzad iqonieT
evakuaciis dros Tan wasaRebi sabuTebi, saWiro nivTebi da medikamentebi.
saWiro nivTebi da medikamentebi mizanSewonilia CaawyoT specialur
CemodanSi, an zurgCanTaSi. winaswar gaiazreT evakuaciis wesi.
gadawyviteT, zRvis ryevis saSiSroebis Sesaxeb signalis miRebis
SemTxvevaSi sad unda Sexvdnen erTmaneTs Tqveni ojaxis wevrebi.
yoveldRiuri saqmianobis dros saxlSi da samsaxurSi nu gadatvirTavT
derefnebs da gasasvlelebs didi zomis nivTebiT, karadebiT,
velosipedebiT, sabavSvo etlebiT. ecadeT, rom yvela gasasvleli
Tavisufali iyos swrafi evakuaciisaTvis. SeiswavleT qcevis wesebi zRvis
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ryevis warmoqmnis saSiSroebis SemTxvevaSi. moifiqreT Tqveni moqmedebis
Tanamimdevroba imisda mixedviT, Tu Tqven zRvis ryevis dros sad
SeiZleba aRmoCndeT: SenobaSi, Ria adgilas, Tu wyalSi. winaswar
moamzadeT Tqvens binaSi adgili, sadac daawyobT swrafi evakuaciisaTvis
saWiro sabuTebs, tansacmels, pirad nivTebs, kvebis arfuWebadi
produqtebis ori dRis marags.
mxarSi amoudeqiT adgilobriv xelisuflebas ubeebis
wyalsaWrelebiTa da sanapiro jebirebiT gamagrebis saqmeSi. aqtiuri
monawileoba miiReT sanapiroze tyesacavi zolebis mowyobaSi.
rogor vimoqmedoT zRvis ryevis dros:

zRvis ryevis saSiSroebis Sesaxeb signalis miRebisas dauyonebliv
moaxdineT masze reagireba. yoveli wuTi gamoiyeneT Tqveni piradi
usafrTxoebisa da irgvliv myofi adamianebis dacvis uzrunvelsayofad.
Tqvens mier zomebis misaRebad ramdenime wuTidan naxevar saaTamde,
zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki SeiZleba ufro meti droc mogeceT, amitom Tu
imoqmedebT wynarad da gaazrebulad, cunamisagan gadarCenis meti Sansi
geqnebaT.
Tu Tqven imyofebiT SenobaSi, dauyonebliv gamorTeT eleqtrodeni
da gazi, datoveT Senoba da gadadiT usafrTxo adgilas. umoklesi gziT
gadainacvleT zRvis donidan 30-40 metris simaRlis mqone amaRlebul
adgilas, an swrafad mocildiT sanapiros 2-3 km-iT. Tu Tqven
avtomobiliT gadaadgildebiT, imoZraveT usafrTxo mimarTulebiT da Tan
waiyvaneT adamianebi, romlebic am mimarTulebiT garbian. Tu drois
simciris gamo, usafrTxo adgilas Tavis Sefarebis mizniT Senobis
datoveba SeuZlebelia, adiT Senobis zeda sarTulebze, daxureT
fanjrebi da karebebi. Tu arsebobs SesaZlebloba, gadadiT ufro saimedo
SenobaSi. Tu Tqven darCiT SenobaSi, gaxsovdeT, rom yvelaze usafrTxo
zonad iTvleba adgilebi Sida kapitalur kedlebTan, svetebTan,
kapitaluri kedlebis kuTxeebTan. aalageT Tqvens gverdiT mdgari sagnebi,
gansakuTrebiT ki minis, radganac gamoiricxos damatebiT maTi msxvrevis
saSiSroeba.
Tu Tqven Senobis gareT darCiT, ecadeT, axvideT xeze an iseT
adgils SeafaroT Tavi, romelic naklebad ganicdis dartymas. ukidures
SemTxvevaSi, xeli CaWideT xes an raime sxva myar sayrdens.
Tu Tqven wyalSi aRmoCndiT, rom ar CaiZiroT, ganTavisufldiT
fexsacmlisa da tansacmlisagan, gamoiyeneT wyalSi motivtive sagnebi.
frTxilad iyaviT, vinaidan talRam SeiZleba Tan moitanos msxvili
sagnebi da namsxvrevebi. pirveli talRis Semdeg moemzadeT Semdegi
talRebis SemotevisaTvis, Tu SesaZlebelia, ecadeT datovoT saSiSi
raioni. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi aRmouCineT dazaralebulebs pirveli
samedicino daxmareba.
rogor vimoqmedoT zRvis ryevis Semdeg:
daelodeT gangaSis damTavrebis signals. Tqves sacxovrebel
adgils daubrundiT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu darwmundebiT, rom ori-
sami saaTis ganmavlobaSi zRvaSi arc erTi maRali talRa ar
dafiqsirebula.
saxlSi Sesvlisas, SeamowmeT misi simyare, kar-fanjrebis mTlianoba.
darwmundiT, rom kedlebSi da gadaxurvaSi ar aris bzarebi, saZirkveli
ar aris dazianebuli. yuradRebiT SeamowmeT, xom ar gaJona SenobaSi
gazma, ra mdgomareobaSia eleqtroqseli.
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aqtiuri monawileoba miiReT dazianebul SenobebSi samaSvelo da
sxva gadaudebeli samuSaoebis CatarebaSi, dazaralebulebis Zebnasa da
maTTvis pirveli samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCenaSi.
36. mewyeri
mewyeri _ aris simZimis Zalis gavleniT mTis qanebis da gruntis

CamocurebiTi gadaadgileba (dacoceba) mTis, xeobis, zRvis, tbis,
mdinareebis cicabo kalTebze da ferdobebze. mewyeris mizezia miwis
masebis wonasworobis darRveva (gravitaciul da SeWidulobis Zalebs
Soris), rasac iwvevs ferdobis Ziris gamorecxva, gamofitvis an uxvi
naleqebiT gadamettenianebis gamo qanebis simtkicis Sesusteba, seismuri
biZgebi an adgilis geologiuri pirobebis gauTvaliswineblad adamianis
sameurneo saqmianoba (asafeTqebeli samuSaoebi da sxva).
mewyeris dros gadaadgilebuli gruntis moculoba aTobiT da
asobiT aTas kubometrs SeiZleba aRwevdes, xolo calkeul SemTxvevaSi
ufro metsac. mewyeris siCqare SeiZleba meryeobdes ramdenime metri
weliwadSi _ ramdenime metri wamamde diapazonSi. gruntis masebis
gadaadgilebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios sacxovrebeli da sawarmoo Senobebis,
sainJinro da sagzao nagebobebis, magistraluri milsadenebisa da
eleqtrogadacemis xazebis dazianeba da ngreva, agreTve adamianebis
daSaveba da daRupva.
mewyerTan brZolis efeqturi saSualebaa mTis kalTebis tyis
safarveliT gamdidreba da sainJinro nagebobebiT gamagreba.
rogor movemzadoT mewyerisaTvis:

moipoveT informacia mewyeris SesaZlo warmoqmnis adgilebisa da
maTi sazRvrebis Sesaxeb.
unda aikrZalos damewyril teritoriaze msxvilfexa rqosani
pirutyvis Zoveba. Aaseve iseTi kulturebis moyvana, romlebic saWiroeben
gaToxnasa da niadagis gafxvierebas. (ase magaliTad simindis)
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damewyril ubnebs wyalgadamyvani arxebiT unda avaciloT gruntisa
da atmosferuli naleqebis Sedegad nawreti wylebi.
daimaxsovreT, Setyobinebis signalebi mewyeris warmoSobis
saSiSroebis Sesaxeb. mewyeris dawyebis niSnebia SenobaTa karebebisa da
fanjrebis gaWedva, gzebze bzarebisa da napralebis gaCena, mewyersaSiS
ferdobebze wylis gaJonva. mewyeris momaswavebeli niSnebis gaCenisas
SeatyobineT mewyersawinaaRmdego sadguris uaxloes saguSagos, daelodeT
am sadguridan informacias, xolo Tavad imoqmedeT viTarebis Sesabamisad
winamdebare wesebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
rogor vimoqmedoT mewyeris dros:

mewyeris warmoqmnis saSiSroebis Sesaxeb signalis miRebisas
gamorTeT gazisa da eleqtroxelsawyoebi, wyalsadenis qseli, moemzadeT
dauyoneblivi evakuaciisaTvis winaswar SemuSavebuli gegmis Tanaxmad.
imoqmedeT mewyersawinaaRmdego sadguris mier mowodebuli informaciis
Sesabamisad (Tu rogoria mewyeris gadaadgilebis siCqare). gadaadgilebis
mcire siCqaris dros (ramodenime metri TveSi) imoqmedeT Tqveni
SesaZleblobebis mixedviT (gadaitaneT nagebobebi winaswar
gaTvaliswinebul adgilas, gaitaneT aveji da bargi). Tu mewyeris
gadaadgilebis siCqare dRe-RameSi 0,5-1 metrs aRemateba, evakuireba unda
moxdes dauyovnebliv winaswar SemuSavebuli gegmebis Sesabamisad.
evakuaciis dros Tan unda waiRoT sabuTebi, materialuri faseulobani,
xolo viTarebis da administraciis miTiTebebis mixedviT Tbili
tansacmeli da produqtebi. saswrafod moaxdineT usafrTxo adgilas
gadasvla.
rogor vimoqmedoT mewyeris Semdeg:

mewyeris Semdeg gadarCenil Senoba-nagebobebSi SeamowmeT kedlebis
da gadaxurvis mdgomareoba. gamoavlineT eleqtroobis, gazis da
wyalmomaragebis qselebis dazianeba. daexmareT maSvelebs Camonaqcevebis
qveS moyolili adamianebis gamoyvanasa da maTTvis daxmarebis gawevaSi.
37. tyis da torfnaris xanZari
masobrivi xanZrebi tyeSi da torfnarSi SeiZleba gaCndes cxel da

gvalvian amindSi mexis Camovardnis, cecxlTan gaufrTxileblobis, miwis
zedapiris (mSrali balaxis amowviT) gawmendisa da sxva mizezebis gamo.
xanZrebma SeiZleba gamoiwvion dasaxlebul punqtebSi Senobebis, xis
xidebis, eleqtrogadacemis da kavSirgabmulobis xazebis xis boZebis,
navTobproduqtebisa da sxva sawvavi masalebis sawyobebis aaleba, agreTve
adamianebisa da sasoflo-sameurneo cxovelebis dazianeba.
tyis masivebSi ufro xSirad Cndeba dabali qveda xanZrebi, romlis
dros iwvis norCi xeebi, balaxovani da buCqovani safari, waqceuli xeebi,
xis fesvebi da a.S. qaris dros gvalvian periodSi SeiZleba warmoiqmnas
maRali xanZari, romlis drosac iwvis ara marto niadagis zeda safari,
aramed mTlianad xeebi (gansakuTrebiT wiwvovani). xanZari vrceldeba
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qaris mimarTulebiT. dabali xanZris gavrcelebis siCqare Seadgens 0,1-dan
3-mde metrs wamSi, xolo maRali xanZris _ 100 kilometrs wamSi.
torfisa da mcenareebis fesvebis wvis dros SeiZleba warmoiSvas
miwisqveSa xanZrebi, romlebic sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT vrceldeba.
torfi SeiZleba TviTaaldes da daiwvas uhaerod wylis qveSac.
cecxlmokidebuli torfnaris Tavze SeiZleba warmoiqmnas cxeli nacrisa
da aalebuli torfis mtvris “svetovani adineba”, romelic Zlieri qaris
dros did manZileze gadaitaneba da SeuZlia gamoiwvios axali aaleba.
tyis da torfnaris xanZris sawinaaRmdego winaswari RonisZiebebi:

masobrivi xanZrebis dros mosaxleobis dasacavad da zaralis
Sesamcireblad winaswar tardeba mTlian tyeebSi _ 5-10 metris, xolo
wiwvian tyeebSi _ 50 metramde siganis tyis ganakafebisa da gruntis
zolebis mowyobis RonisZiebebi, aseve wmendis samuSaoebi. dasaxlebul
punqtebSi ewyoba gubarebi da wyalsatevebi, romelTa tevadoba
ganisazRvreba soflis, an dasaxlebuli punqtis farTobis 1 heqtarze
aranakleb 30 kuburi metris gaangariSebiT.
tyisa da torfnaris xanZris dros dasaxlebuli punqtebis
maxloblad mdebare tyeebSi saxanZro viTarebaze dakvirvebis
sawarmoeblad wesdeba xanZarsawinaaRmdego rgolebis morigeoba.
tardeba ganaSenianebisa da mimdebare tyis masivebs Soris gruntis
zolebis mowyoba.
saxanZro wyalsatevebis tevadoba ganisazRvreba dasaxlebuli
punqtis ganaSenianebis sazRvarTan mimdebare tyis piris sigrZis yovel 1
metrze, aranakleb 10 litra wylis gaangariSebiT.
warmoebs Webis da gubarebis gawmenda.
winaswar mzaddeba bamba-dolbandis niRbebi, respiratorebi da
sasunTqi organoebis dacvis sxva saSualebebi.
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maqsimalurad unda SezRudoT tyeSi gasvla zafxulis gvalvian
periodSi (gansakuTrebiT avtomobiliT).
Tu Tqven aRmoCndiT tyis an torfnaris xanZris kerasTan axlos:

Tu Tqven aRmoCndiT tyeSi an torfnarSi xanZris keris maxloblad
da ar SegiZliaT Tqveni ZalebiT misi lokalizacia da Caqroba,
dauyovnebliv SeatyobineT axlos myofT. organizeba gaukeTeT gzaze,
gakaful zolSi, tyis piras, mindorSi, mdinaris an wyalsatevis napirze
usafrTxo gadaadgilebas. Aam SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia imoZraoT
swrafad, saSiSi zonidan cecxlis gavrcelebis sawinaaRmdego an
perpendikularuli mimarTulebiT. Tu SeuZlebelia xanZrisgan Tavis
daRweva, SediT wyalsatevSi an daifareT sveli tansacmeli. Ria sivrceSi
an tyis piras gasvlisas isunTqeT miwis zedapiruli haeriT, romelic
naklebad gakvamlianebulia. saxeze aifareT bamba-dolbandis niRabi an
naWeri.
xanZris zonidan gasvlis Semdeg SeatyobineT dasaxlebuli punqtis,
satyeo an xanZarsawinaaRmdego samsaxuris administracias da adgilobriv
mosaxleobas xanZris adgilis, masStabisa da xasiaTis Sesaxeb. winaswar
SeiswavleT da gansazRvreT dasaxlebul punqtTan xanZris zonis
moaxloebis Sesaxeb Setyobinebis signali.
dabali xanZris Caqroba SesaZlebelia foTlovani xeebis totebiT,
wyliT, teniani gruntis dayriT. torfis xanZrebs aqroben aalebuli
torfis gadaTxriT da masze wylis dasxmiT. xanZris Caqrobis dros
windaxedulad unda imoqmedoT, Sors ar waxvideT gzidan da ganakafi
zolidan, ar dakargoT mxedvelobidan sxva monawileni, SeinarCuneT
maTTan kavSiri (mxedvelobiTi da xmovani). torfis xanZris Caqrobis dros
iqonieT mxedvelobaSi, rom wvis zonaSi SeiZleba warmoiqmnas Rrma
ormoebi, amitom unda imoZraoT frTxilad, gzadagza niadagis damwvari
fenis siRrmis SemowmebiT.
38. grigali, qariSxali da qarborbala
grigali _ aris Zlieri atmosferuli qariSxali, romlis drosac

qaris siCqare 120 km/sT, xolo miwis zedapirTan 200 km/sT aRwevs.
qariSxali _ aris xangrZlivi, Zalian Zlieri qari, romlis siCqare
20 m/wm aRemateba. qariSxali Cveulebriv ciklonis gavlis dros
aRiniSneba da zRvaze Zlieri RelviT da xmeleTze nagebobaTa ngreviT
mimdinareobs.
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qarborbala _ aris atmosferuli qariSxali qaris spiraliseburi
moZraobiT, romelic elWeqis RrublebSi warmoiSoba, vrceldeba
dedamiwis mimarTulebiT da xSirad mis zedapirze eSveba Savi Rrubliani
giganturi saxelos an xorTumis saxiT, romlis diametric aTobiT da
asobiT metrs aRwevs. misi xangrZlivoba xanmoklea da gadaadgildeba
didi siCqariT RrubelTan erTad.
amgvari bunebrivi movlenebis Sedegad viTardeba gzebisa da xidebis
safaris, nagebobebis, eleqtrogadacemis da kavSirgabmulobis sahaero
xazebis, miwiszeda milsadenebis ngreva, xolo qaris mier atacebuli
namsxvrevebi damatebiT iwveven adamianTa dazianebas.
grigalis, qariSxlis da qarborbalas warmoqmnis ZiriTadi niSnebia:
qaris siCqaris gaZliereba da atmosferuli wnevis mkveTri dacema;
kokispiruli wvimebi da wylis Stormuli modena; Zlieri Tova da
gruntis mtveris daleqva.
Tu Tqven cxovrobT raionSi, romelsac xSirad Tavs atydeba
grigali, qariSxali da qarborbala, winaswar unda icodeT am stiqiuri
ubedurebis moaxloebis Sesaxeb Setyobinebis signalebi.
saSiSroebis zonebidan organizebuli evakuaciis dros gamosvlis
gzebi da ganTavsebis raionebi.
Tqveni dasaxlebuli punqtis samaSvelo samsaxurebis administraciis
misamarTi da telefonis nomrebi.
mosalodneli Stormis Sesaxeb signalis miRebis Semdeg
aucilebelia:
daamagroT saxuravebi, saventilacio da sakvamle milebi.
CaWedeT sxvenis fanjrebi (darabebiT, ficrebiT an firficrebiT).
aalageT aivnebidan da ezos teritoriidan xanZarsaSiSi sagnebi.
moamzadeT usafrTxo raionSi evakuaciis SemTxvevisaTvis 2-3 dRis
produqtis da wylis maragi, agreTve ganaTebis avtonomiuri wyaroebi
(farani, navTis lampa, sanTlebi).
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gadadiT naklebad medegi nagebobidan ufro myar SenobaSi, an
specialur damcav nagebobaSi.
rogor vimoqmedoT grigalis, qariSxlisa da qarborbalas dros:

Tu Tqven grigalis, qariSxlisa da qarborbalas dros imyofebiT
SenobaSi, ar dadgeT fanjarasTan. gadadiT usafrTxo adgilas, Sida
saTavsoebis kedlebTan, CaSenebul karadaSi, abazanaSi, sakuWnaoSi,
magidis qveS. CaaqreT cecxli RumelSi, gamorTeT eleqtroenergia,
daketeT gazis vintili. Ramis periodSi gamoiyeneT farnebi, lampebi,
sanTlebi, CarTeT radiomimRebi informaciis misaRebad. SeZlebisdagvarad,
CadiT sardafSi, CaRrmavebul safarSi, TavSesafarSi da a.S. Tu Tqven
grigalma, qariSxalma an qarborbalam quCaSi mogiswroT, ar gaCerdeT
nagebobis, Senobis, xidis, estakadis, eleqtrogadamcemi xazebis, anZis, xis,
mdinaris, tbisa da samrewvelo obieqtebis maxloblad.
qaris mier atacebuli mfrinavi natexebisa da minis
namsxvrevebisagan dasacavad gamoiyeneT faneris, muyaos da plastmasis
yuTebi, ficrebi da sxva xelT arsebuli saSualebebi. ecadeT, swrafad
Tavi SeafaroT sardafSi an dasaxlebul punqtSi arsebul radiaciis
sawinaaRmdego safars an TavSesafars. ar SexvideT dazianebul SenobaSi,
vinaidan SesaZlebelia misi Camongreva qaris Semdegi nakadis zemoqmedebis
Sedegad.
Tovliani qariSxlis dros darCiT SenobaSi. Tu Tqven mindorSi, an
soflis gzaze aRmoCndiT, unda gaxvideT magistralur gzaze, romelic
periodulad iwmindeba, iq TqvenTvis daxmarebis aRmoCenis meti albaToba
arsebobs.
mtvriani qariSxlis dros daicaviT saxe dolbandis saxveviT,
cxvirsaxociT, qsovilis naWriT, xolo Tvalebi saTvaliT. qarborbalas
moaxloebis Sesaxeb Setyobinebis miRebisas, saWiroa dauyonebliv saxlis
sardafSi an safarSi Casvla, sawolis da sxva myari avejis qveS Tavis
Sefareba. Tu qarborbalam Tqven Ria adgilas mogiswroT, Tavi SeafareT
gzis kiumetSi, ormoSi, TxrilSi, viwro xevSi miwasTan mWidro mikvriT
Tavi daifareT tansacmliT an xis totebiT. Tu avtomobilSi imyofebiT,
ar darCeT manqanaSi, swrafad datoveT igi da Tavi daicaviT zemoT
aRniSnuli saSualebebiT.
39. radiaciuli xasiaTis avariebi
signalis `radiaciuli saSiSroeba~ da radiaciuli avariis Sesaxeb

informaciis miRebisas warmoeba-dawesebulebebis personalma da
mosaxleobam unda imoqmedos qvemoT mocemuli rekomendaciebis
Sesabamisad:
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu miRebuli informacia ar Seicavs samoqmedo
rekomendaciebs, saWiroa sasunTqi gzebis dacva xelmisawvdomi
saSualebebiT (cxvirsaxoci, xelsaxoci), SeZlebisdagvarad Tavi SeafareT
axlomdebare Senobas, ukeTesia sakuTar binas. SenobaSi SesvlisTanave
gaixadeT zeda tansacmeli, fexsacmeli da moaTavseT polieTilenis
parkSi, daxureT karebebi da fanjrebi, gamorTeT ventilacia, CarTeT
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televizori, radiomimRebi, daikaveT adgili fanjrebisagan moSorebiT da
iyaviT mzad informaciisa da miTiTebebis misaRebad.
Tu gagaCniaT radiaciuli monitoringis (rentgenometri) xelsawyo,
gansazRvreT SenobaSi radiaciis done, miRebuli gamosxivebis dozebi da
(produqtebis, wylis da sxva) dabinZurebis xarisxi. gaiTvaliswineT
Semdegi sarekomendacio sidideebi:
garemos bunebrivi radiaciuli (gamosxivebis dozis simZlavre) foni
_ 10-dan _ 60-mde mikroziverti/saaTSi.
adamianisaTvis radiaciuli usafrTxoebis saorientacio normenia:
kvartaluri doza _ 30 miliziverti; wliuri _ 50 miliziverti;
kritikuli anu sxivuri daavadebis ganviTarebis qveda sazRvari _ 1
ziverti; letaluri doza _ 7 ziverti.
zogierT SemTxvevaSi SesaZlo dasxivebis dozebia: kuWis areSi
rentgenze gaSuqeba _ 0,3 ziverti; kbilis rentgenze gaSuqeba _ 0,03
ziverti; televiziiT hokeis erTi matCis naxvis Sedegad dasxiveba _ 0,01
mikroziverti.
moaxdineT Senobis hermetizacia da kvebis produqtebis dacva. Aam
mizniT, xelmisawvdomi saSualebebiT dagmaneT RriWo fanjrebsa da
karebze. amoqoleT saventilacio xvrelebi. sakvebi produqtebi moaTavseT
polieTilenis parkebSi, an SeaxvieT celofanSi. moimarageT wyali
daxurul WurWlebSi. produqtebi da wyali moaTavseT macivrebSi, an
daxurul karadebSi (sakuWnaoebSi).
masobrivi informaciis saSualebebiT (an telefoniT) miTiTebis
miRebisTanave CaitareT profilaqtika iodis preparatebiT. maTi arqonis
SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneT iodis 5%-iani xsnari: ufrosebisaTvis 3-5 iodis
wveTi _ Wiqa wyalze; xolo 2 wlamde bavSvebisaTvis _ 1-2 wveTi. 5-7 sT-is
Semdeg gaimeoreT igive.
sakvebis momzadebisa da miRebisas yvela produqti, romelic uZlebs
wylis zemoqmedebas, unda gairecxos gamdinare wyliT.
mkacrad daicaviT piradi higienis wesebi, rac Tavidan agacilebT an
mniSvnelovnad Seamcirebs organizmis Sinagan dasxivebis SesaZleblobas.
aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi (Senobis dabinZurebisas) _ daicaviT
sasunTqi organoebi xelT arsebuli individualuri dacvis saSualebebiT:
gaikeTeT airwinaRi, niRbebi, respiratorebi, bambaqsovilis saxvevebi,
mtversawinaaRmdego qsovilis niRbebi, an gamoiyeneT cxvirsaxocebi,
xelsaxocebi da qsovilis sxva nawarmi.
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Senobis mitoveba SeiZleba mxolod ukiduresi saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi, isic mcire droiT. Senobidan gasvlis dros daicaviT
sasunTqi organoebi airwinaRiT, respiratoriT, bamba-dolbandis saxveviT.
aseve, gamoiyeneT labadebi, mosasxamebi da kanis dacvis tabeluri
saSualebebi. SenobaSi dabrunebis Semdeg tansacmeli gamoicvaleT.
moemzadeT SesaZlo evakuaciisaTvis. amisaTvis moamzadeT
aucilebeli nivTebi: individualuri dacvis saSualebebi, (sinTeTikuri
wyalgamtari labadebi, mosasxamebi, rezinis Ceqmebi, xelTaTmanebi da
sxva), tansacmeli da fexsacmeli sezonis mixedviT; kvebis produqtebis
ori an sami dRis maragi, wamlebi avadmyofebisaTvis, TeTreuli, sabuTebi,
fuli, sxva Zvirfasi da ukiduresad aucilebeli nivTebi.
evakuaciisas zedmeti nivTebis waReba ar SeiZleba. nivTebi da
produqtebi CaalageT CemodnebSi an zurgCanTebSi. maT unda hqodeT iseTi
zoma da wona, rom erT adamians ar gauWirdes maTi gadatana, amave dros,
ar moxdes evakotransportis gadatvirTva. Cemodnebi da zurgCanTebi
SefuTuli unda iyos polieTilenSi an sxva sinTeTikur saxvevSi.
Eevakuaciis dros, Senobidan gamosvlisas gaaTavisufleT macivrebi,
gamorTeT eleqtro da gazis xelsawyoebi, nagavsayrelSi gadayareT
malfuWebadi produqtebi, siTxeebi da sxva nagavi. moamzadeT firniSi `#
SenobaSi (binaSi) aravin ar aris~.
miTiTebis an Seqmnili mdgomareobis Sesabamisad moaxdineT
Senobidan evakuireba.
wasvlisas CaketeT bina da karebze CamokideT momzadebuli firniSi.
transportSi Casxdomisas, an qveiTi kolonis formirebisas gaiareT
registracia evakokomisiis warmomadgenlebTan.
Tu imyofebiT Ria dabinZurebul adgilas, ar moixsnaT
individualuri dacvis saSualebebi, Tavi aarideT gzaze mtvris dayenebas
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da maRal buCqnarSi, an balaxebSi gadaadgilebas. aucileblobis gareSe
ar dajdeT da ar SeexoT ucxo sagnebs. akrZalulia Ria adgilebSi
daleva, sakvebis miReba da moweva. aucilebelia periodulad CaitaroT
nawilobrivi dezaqtivacia kanis dacvis saSualebebis, tansacmlis da
nivTebis, maTi frTxili Camowmendis gziT. aseve, organizmis Ria
nawilebis nawilobrivi sanitaruli damuSaveba, maTi CamorecxviT an
CamowmendiT.
evakuirebis raionSi misvlisas CaabareT individualuri dacvis
saSualebebi da tansacmeli dezaqtivaciisaTvis, an utilizaciisaTvis,
gamoibaneT Tvalebi sasmeli sodis 2%-iani xsnariT, an sufTa wyliT,
gamoirecxeT piri da yeli, orjer daibaneT tani sapniT, dozimetruli
kontrolis gavlis Semdeg CaicviT sufTa tansacmeli da fexsacmeli.
saagarako nakveTebze saWiroa moiTibos balaxi. dilaobiT
mizanSewonilia nakveTis danamva.
Senobebis dasufTaveba unda moxdes sveli meTodiT. gulmodgined
unda gadaiwmindos mtveri avejidan da fanjris rafebidan. ar SeiZleba
xaliCebis da sxva qsovilis safenebis dabertyva. isini unda gaiwmindos
mtversasrutiT, an sveli naWriT. sasurvelia saxlis (binis) gareT
datovoT zeda sagareo tansacmeli. dalagebis dros gamoyenebuli
qsovilis naWrebi da mtversasrutidan amoRebuli nagavi aucilebelia
CamarxoT specialurad amoTxril ormoSi, siRrmiT aranakleb 50 sm-sa.
savele samuSaoebis Catarebis dros aucilebelia bamba-dolbandis
saxvevebis, mtversawinaaRmdego qsovilis niRbebis, an respiratorebis,
gamosacvleli spectansacmlisa da Tavsaburavebis gamoyeneba. samuSao
dRis dasasruls aucilebelia Sxapis miReba.
Tu eweviT saagarako meurneobas, mosayvani produqtebis
radioaqtiuri dabinZurebis SezRudvisaTvis niadagSi unda SeiyvanoT kiri,
kaliumi da sxva sasuqebi, aseve torfi. mosavlis aRebis dros ar
SeiZleba xilis da bostneulis dagroveba uSualod niadagze. moweul
mosavals saWiroa Cautardes dozimetruli kontroli. dabinZurebis
xarisxis dadgenis Semdeg isini unda gairecxos (gasufTavdes) da meoradi
kontrolis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoiyenoT daniSnulebisamebr, an
saqonlis sakvebad.
sasoflo-sameurneo cxovelebis, frinvelebis da futkrebisagan
miRebul produqcias, SerCeviT unda CautaroT dozimetrul kontroli.
rZis, kvercxis, Taflis, saklavis dabinZurebis aRmoCenisas aucilebelia
maTi miyidva-Cabareba damamzadebel organizaciebze maTi Semdgomi
gauvnebelyofisaTvis, an utilizaciisaTvis. pirutyvisaTvis sasmeli wylis
micema xdeba daxuruli wyaroebidan.
ar aris rekomendebuli adgilobrivi wyalsacavebSi moSenebuli
Tevzis sakvebad gamoyeneba, gansakuTrebiT ki wvrili Tevzis, maTSi
radioaqtiuri nivTierebebi meti koncentraciiT grovdeba.
velurad mzardi xilis, sokos, samkurnalo balaxebis Segroveba
dasaSvebia mxolod gansazRvrul teritoriaze adgilobrivi
xelisuflebis nebarTviT (SerCeviTi dozimetruli kontrolis Catarebis
Semdeg).
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40. qimiuri xasiaTis avariebi
qimiurad saSiS obieqtebze Zliermoqmedi Sxamiani nivTierebebis

gamofrqveviT mimdinare avariebis Taviseburebas warmoadgens is, rom
qimiuri nivTierebebis maRali koncentraciisas adamianTa daSaveba
SeiZleba moxdes sakmaod mcire droSi. amitom, aseT pirobebSi gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba eniWeba damcavi RonisZiebebis operatiulad Catarebas.
qimiurad saSiS obieqtebze avariebis dros mosaxleobis da

personalis dacvis mizniT ZiriTad RonisZiebebs warmoadgens:
individualuri dacvis saSualebebisa da sruli izolaciis reJimSi
momuSave TavSesafrebis gamoyeneba; antidotebis da kanis dasamuSavebeli
saSualebebis gamoyeneba; mowamlul teritoriaze moqmedebis reJimis
dacva; avariis Sedegad warmoqmnili mowamlis zonebidan adamianTa
evakuacia; adamianTa sanitaruli damuSaveba, tansacmlis, teritoriis,
nagebobebis, transportis, teqnikisa da qonebis degazacia.
zogierTi Zliermoqmedi Sxamiani nivTierebebis arseboba da haerSi
maTi koncentracia SeiZleba ganisazRvros airanalizatoris daxmarebiT.
Zliermoqmedi Sxamiani nivTierebebis gamofrqveviT mimdinare
avariebis dros mosaxleobis qcevisa da moqmdebis wesebi damokidebulia
am nivTierebebis saxeobaze, Tvisebebze, koncentraciaze, meteopirobebze
da sxva.
qimiurad saxifaTo obieqtebis axlos macxovrebelma da momuSave
personalma unda icodes am obieqtebze gamoyenebuli Zliermoqmedi
Sxamiani nivTierebebis Tvisebebi, maTi ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi da
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potenciuri saSiSroeba, maTgan dacvis individualuri saSualebebi,
SeeZloT moqmedeba avariis warmoSobis dros, dazianebulebisaTvis
pirveli (eqimqmdeli) samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCena.
muSa-mosamsaxureebi, Setyobinebis signalis miRebisTanave,
dauyonebliv icvamen individualuri dacvis saSualebebs, pirvel rigSi
sawarmoo airwinaRebs. TiToeuli, Tavis samuSao adgilze axorcielebs
avariis Sedegebis SemcirebisaTvis saWiro yvela SesaZlo RonisZiebas
(uzrunvelyofs energowyaroebis uavario gamorTvas, usafrTxoebis
teqnikis wesebis dacviT TiSavs airis, orTqlis da wylis sakomunikacio
qselebs). amis Semdeg ki personali Tavs afarebs TavSesafrebSi an
swrafad tovebs mowamlul zonas.
evakuaciis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebisas muSa-
mosamsaxureebi valdebulni arian gamocxaddnen obieqtis saevakuacio
mimReb punqtebSi.
muSa-mosamsaxureebi, romlebic iricxebian moxalise maSvelTa
formirebebSi, avariis Sesaxeb signalis miRebisTanave cxaddebian
formirebis TavSeyris punqtebSi da monawileobas iReben qimiuri
dazianebis keris lokalizaciasa da likvidaciaSi.
qimiurad saxifaTo obieqtebTan axlos macxovrebeli adamianebi
radioTi, televiziiT da sxva saSualebebiT avariis Sesaxeb signalis
miRebisTanave valdebuli arian gaikeTon airwinaRebi, Caketon fanjrebi,
gamorTon eleqtrogamacxelebeli da sayofacxovrebo xelsawyoebi, gazi,
(Caaqron Rumeli), Caacvan bavSvebs, aiRon aucilebeli Tbili tansacmeli
da kvebis produqtebi, gaafrTxilon mezoblebi. swrafad, magram panikis
gareSe, gavidnen sacxovrebeli masividan miTiTebuli an qaris
mimarTulebis perpendikularuli mimarTulebiT aranakleb 1,5 km-iT
daSorebul maRlob adgilze da daelodon Semdgom gankargulebebs.
airwinaRis arqonis SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia mowamlis zonidan swrafad
gamosvla periodulad (ramdenime wamiT) sunTqvis SekavebiT. sasunTqi
organoebis dasacavad SegviZlia gamoviyenoT xelT arsebuli qsovili,
wyalSi dasvelebuli tansacmlis nawilebi. maTi pirze afarebiT mcirdeba
CasunTquli mavne airis odenoba da maSasadame, dazianebis simZimec.
mowamlul garemoSi moZraobisas aucilebelia daicvaT wesebi:
imoZraveT swrafad, magram ara sirbiliT, raTa Tavidan aiciloT
amtvereba; ar mieyudoT Senobebs da ar SeexoT garSemo myof sagnebs; ar
daabijoT gzaSi siTxis wveTebs an ucnobi nivTierebebis fxvnilisebr
nayars; ar moixsnaT individualuri dacvis saSualeba Sesabamis
gankargulebamde, Zliermoqmedi Sxamiani nivTierebebis wveTebis
aRmoCenisas kanze, tansacmelze, fexsacmelze, individualuri dacvis
saSualebebze moiSoreT igi qaRaldis tamponiT an cxvirsaxociT.
SeZlebisdagvarad aRmouCineT daxmareba daSavebul bavSvebs,
moxucebs, romelTac ar SeuZliaT damoukideblad gadaadgileba.
mowamvlis zonidan gamosvlis Semdeg saWiroa sanitaruli damuSavebis
gavla. visac miRebuli aqvs umniSvnelo dazianebebi (SeeniSnebaT xvela,
gulisreva da sxv.) unda mimarTon samedicino dawesebulebebs dazianebis
xarisxis gansazRvrisaTvis da profilaqtikuri Tu samkurnalo
procedurebis Casatareblad.
qimiuri dazianebis xifaTis Tavidan acilebisa da Semdgomi
moqmedebis wesebis Sesaxeb mosaxleobas ecnobebaT samaSvelo
samsaxurebis an adgilobrivi policiis organoebis mier. sacxovrebel
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saxlebSi, sawarmoo SenobebSi, sardafebSi da sxva SenobebSi Sesvla
nebadarTulia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Catarebulia sakontrolo
Semowmeba haerSi Zliermoqmedi Sxamiani nivTierebebis Semcvelobaze.
momuSave personalis da mosaxleobis qcevisa da moqmedebis normebi,
aseve pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis wesebi ganisazRvreba Zliermoqmedi
Sxamiani nivTierebebis toqsikuri TvisebebiT.
qloriT mowamlulisaTvis pirveladi daxmarebis aRmoCena
mdgomareobs SemdegSi:
 daSavebulisaTvis airwinaRis gakeTeba (Tu airwinaRebi ar
gagvaCnia misi magivroba SeiZleba gagviwios 2%-iani saWmeli
sodis wyalxsnarSi dasvelebulma bamba-dolbandis niRabma);
 daSavebulis gamoyvana usafrTxo teritoriaze da airwinaRis
moxsna;
 misi ganTavisufleba sunTqvis SemzRudveli tansacmlisagan;
 sunTqvis Sewyetis SemTxvevaSi xelovnuri sunTqvis Catareba,
upiratesad meTodiT: _ `piridan-pirSi~;
 gaRizianebis Sesamcireblad mizanSewonilia 0,5%-iani sasmeli
sodis xsnaris aerozolis da Jangbadis SesunTqva;
 2%-iani sodis xsnariT kanis gawmenda, an lorwovani garsis
gamorecxva;
 didi raodenobis siTxis miReba (Tbili sodiani wyali, Cai, yava);
 daSavebulis TviTneburad gadaadgilebis aRkveTa da misi
Semdgomi transportireba mxolod mwoliare mdgomareobaSi;
 siciveSi daSavebulis gaTboba da misTvis mSvidi garemos Seqmna.
amiakiT dazianebulisaTvis pirveli daxmareba mdgomareobs SemdegSi:
misTvis airwinaRis gakeTeba (sawarmoo airwinaRi, Zalian maRali
koncentraciisas ki _ maizolirebeli airwinaRi), Tu airwinaRi ar
gagaCniaT, misi magivroba SeiZleba gagiwioT 5%-iani limonmJavas (an
bormJavas) wyalxsnarSi dasvelebulma bamba-dolbandis niRabma
(pirsaxvevma).
 daSavebulis dazianebis zonidan gamoyvana, airwinaRis da
mowamluli tansacmlis gaxda;
 Tbili wylis orTqlis SesunTqva da Tbili rZis miReba;
 amiakis kuWSi moxvedrisas xelovnurad gulisrevis gamowveva;
 5%-iani limonmJavas (an bormJavas) xsnariT kanis gawmenda an
lorwovani garsis gamorecxva;
 damwvrobisas gamayuCebeli saSualebis gakeTeba da gadaxveva;
 dazianebulis simSvidiTa da siTboTi uzrunvelyofa.
meTaniT, mxuTavi gaziT da sxva mavne (ucnobi) airebiT mowamvlis
SemTxvevaSi saWiroa vimoqmedoT Semdegi, zogadi miTiTebebis Tanaxmad:
dazianebuli unda gamoiyvanoT mowamluli zonidan. uzrunvelyoT
siTboTi da simSvidiT. SevuxsnaT tansacmlis sayelo da sunTqvis
gaCerebis SemTxvevaSi CavutaroT xelovnuri sunTqva.
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41. xanZari da afeTqebebi
xanZris dros saxanZro usafrTxoebis wesebis dacva da marjve

moqmedeba xels uwyobs xifaTis Sesustebas, adamianebisa da qonebis
gadarCenas.
sawarmoebsa da organizaciebSi xanZrisa da afeTqebis aRsakveTad
moqmedebs maTTvis dadgenili xanZarsawinaaRmdego usafrTxoebis wesebi,
teqnologiuri instruqciebi, usafrTxoebis teqnikisa da Sromis dacvis
normebi.
yofa-cxovrebaSi xanZrisa da afeTqebebis aRsakveTad, adamianTa
sicocxlisa da qonebis gadasarCenad maTi warmoqmnis dros saWiroa rigi
akrZalvebisa da martivi wesebis dacva.
xanZris Tavidan asacileblad saWiroa gamoiricxos saxlSi advilad
aalebadi, feTqebadi da Txevadi sawvavis didi raodenobis Senaxva. maTi
unmiSvnelo raodenoba unda inaxebodes mWidrod daxurul WurWelSi,
gamacxelebeli xelsawyoebidan moSorebiT, meqanikuri da Tburi
zemoqmedebisagan dacul mdgomareobaSi.
saWiroa gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile sayofacxovrebo qimiuri
nivTierebebis gamoyenebisas, ar SeiZleba maTi gadagdeba nagavsayrelebSi.
ar SeiZleba Ria cecxlze mastikisa da laqis, aerozoluri balonebis
gacxeleba, benziniT recxva. ar SeiZleba kibis baqnebze avejis, sawvavi
nivTierebebis Senaxva. sardafebisa da sxvenebis uwesrigod Caxergva. ar
aris rekomendebuli eleqtrogasaTbobi xelsawyoebis wvad sagnebTan
axlos moTavseba. akraZalulia eleqtroqselis gadatvirTva,
eleqtrogasaTbobi xelsawyoebis da televizorebis CarTuli datoveba,
xolo saxlidan gasvlisas saWiroa maTi qselidan saerTod gamorTva.
aucilebelia sifrTxilis dacva sigaretis mowevis dros. ar SeiZleba
sawolSi moweva. ar SeiZleba sarecxis gaSroba anTebul gazquraze, an
Rumelze.
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces bavSvebis celqobis dros
xanZris gaCenis SesaZleblobas. bavSvebs unda aekrZaloT asanTiT TamaSi,
eleqtroxelsawyoebis CarTva da gazquris anTeba, dauSvebelia bavSvebis
umeTvalyureod datoveba. saxanZro usafrTxoebis wesebis Tanaxmad
akrZalulia: SenobebTan da saxanZro hidrantebTan misasvleli gzebis
Caxergva. mravalbinian saxlebSi saerTo Sesasvlelis Caketva.
aucilebelia gamarTul mdgomareobaSi gvqondes saxanZro
Semtyobineblebi e.w gadamwodebi, kvamlgamwovi da xanZarsaqrobi
sistemebi.
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xanZris warmoSobis dros saWiroa TavdaWerilobis SenarCuneba.
mdgomareobis swrafad Sefaseba da swori gadawyvetilebebis miReba.
saWiroa davTrgunoT sakuTar TavSi dabneuloba da nerviuloba, Tavidan
aviciloT panika.
yvela SenobaSi, xanZris SemTxvevisaTvis winaswar dgeba samoqmedo
gegma, romelSic SemuSavebulia Senobidan adamianebis gamoyvanisa da
qonebis gadarCenis wesi. gegmaSi miTiTebulia yvelaze umoklesi da
usafrTxo gzebi.
Tu sazogadoebriv SenobaSi gaisma saxanZro gangaSis signali,
aucilebelia dauyonebliv panikis gareSe datovoT Senoba.
xanZris dros adamianebisaTvis yvelaze did safrTxes warmoadgens
haeris maRali temperatura, kvamli, naxSirJangis didi koncentreacia,
Senoba-nagebobebis SesaZlo Camongreva, teqnologiuri mowyobilobebisa
da xelsawyoebis afeTqeba.
Tu mxedvelobis aris siRrme 10 m-ze naklebia, dakvamlianebis zonaSi
Sesvla saxifaToa.
cecxlmokidebuli Senobebidan dazaralebulebis gadarCenisas da
xanZris Caqrobisas saWiroa Semdegi wesebis dacva:
cecxlmokidebul SenobaSi Sesvlamde gadavifaroT sveli
gadasafarebeli, labada, mkvrivi qsovilis naWeri. dakvamlianebuli
Senobis karebi SevaRoT frTxilad, raTa haeris axali nakadis swrafi
miwodebisas Tavidan aviciloT uecari aaleba. Zlier dakvamlianebul
SenobebSi saWiroa xoxviT an moxril mdgomareobaSi gadaadgileba.
mxuTavi gazisgan Tavis dasacavad visunTqoT sveli naWris afarebiT. Tu
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adamians tansacmelze waekida cecxli, saWiroa mWidrod gadavafaroT
raime qsovili (palto, labada da a.S.), raTa cecxls Seuwydes haeris
miwodeba. aseve SeiZleba alis Caqroba miwaze goraobiT. gaqceva ar
SeiZleba _ es ufro gaaRvivebs cecxls. damwvrobis adgilebze saWiroa
saxvevebis dadeba da dazaralebulis uaxloes samedicino punqtSi
gadayvana.
daimaxsovreT! patara bavSvebi SiSisagan xSirad imalebian loginis
qveS, karadebSi, miiyuJebian kuTxeebSi.
xanZris Caqrobis dros saWiroa gamoviyenoT cecxlmaqrobi, saxanZro
onkanebi, aseve wyali, qviSa, miwa, gadasafareblebi da sxva saSualebebi.
cecxlmaqrobi nivTiereba saWiroa mivmarToT umetesad intensiuri
wvis adgilebisaken, da ara cecxlis alisken (zedapirisken). Tu iwvis
vertikaluri zedapiri, wyali unda miesxas mis zeda nawils.
dakvamlianebul SenobaSi mizanSewonilia wylis gafantuli Wavlis
gamoyeneba, rac xels uwyobs kvamlis dajdomas da temperaturis
Semcirebas. cecxli sawvav siTxeebze unda CavaqroT qafwarmomqmneli
nivTierebebiT, davayaroT qviSa, an miwa, xolo Tu, xanZris kera didi ar
aris, gadavafaroT brezenti, mZime qsovili, tansacmeli da a.S.
Tu iwvis denis sadenebi, pirvel rigSi saWiroa eleqtrowredis
gamorTva (CamrTvelis an elmcvelebis gaTiSva), xolo Semdeg SevudgeT
xanZris Caqrobas. xanZris zonidan gamosvla unda moxdes im
mimarTulebiT, saidanac uberavs qari.
Tu xanZris Caqrobas ver vaxerxebT, mexanZreebis mosvlamde saWiroa
evakuireba. amisaTvis pirvel rigSi unda gamoviyenoT kibis ujredi. maTi
dakvamlianebis SemTxvevaSi unda daveSvaT saxanZro kibiT.
Senobis qveda sarTulebidan evakuireba SeiZleba damoukideblad,
fanjrebidan, an aivnebidan, agreTve xelT arsebuli saSualebebis
gamoyenebiT (Tokebi, zewrebi, satvirTo qamrebi da a.S.).
aranakleb saSiSroebas warmoadgens tyis xanZrebi. maTi qroba xdeba
tyis zolis gakafviT, gadamRobi zolis SeqmniT da sxva.
naxSirbadis Jangeulisagan specialuri damcavi saSualebaTa
uqonlobisa da airwinaRebis naklebobis SemTxvevaSi adamianTa daSavebis
Tavidan asacileblad saWiroa haeris maRali dagazianebis adgilebSi
Semcirdes muSaobis vada da momuSaveebs mieces dasvenebis saSualeba
kvamlisagan gawmendil raionebSi.
yvelam, vinc monawileobs xanZris CaqrobaSi, unda icodes
TavSesafrebis adgilmdebareoba da maTTan misasvleli gzebi. sasurvelia
mosaxleobis yvela jgufs hyavdes Tavisi megzuri, romelic kargad
icnobs adgilmdebareobas. Tu adamianebs cecxlis rkali Semoertya,
megzurma isini unda gaiyvanos usafrTxo agdilas. saWiroa moveridoT
xeebis waqcevas. tyis xanZris zonidan gamosvla unda moxdes im
mimarTulebiT, saidanac uberavs qari. gamoyenebuli unda iqnes Ria sivrce,
vel-mindvrebi, gzebi, mdinareebi.
saSiSroebis SemTxvevaSi xanZris qrobis monawileTa gafrTxileba
xdeba xmovani signalebiT. gansakuTrebul saSiSroebas momuSaveTaTvis
warmoadgens Zirgamomwvari xeebis waqceva, amitom maTi gasvla dawesebuli
sazRvrebisa da gamTiSavi arxebis (zolebis) gadaRma akrZalulia.
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xanZris qrobis dros ar SeiZleba wylis nakadis misxma
eleqtrodanadgarebze da eleqtrogadamcem xazebze.
wvis zonis gavlis aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa wyvetili
(periodulad) sunTqvis Sekaveba, raTa ar dagviziandes sasunTqi
organoebi.
akrZalulia xanZris zonaSi Ramis gaTeneba. Ramis gasaTevi adgili
dacilebuli unda iyos xanZris lokalizaciis teritoriidana ara nakleb
400 metrisa. igi unda SemoiRobos ara nakleb 2 metris siganis gamyofi
zoliT.
42. xalxis umarTav masebTan e.w. brbosTan urTierToba
Qqalaqis sinamdvileSi, xifaTi dakavSirebuli e.w. brbosTan, anu

umarTav mravalricxovan xalxis masebTan metad aqtualuria, rameTu
panikaSi Cavardnili brbos zemoqmedeba, rogorc mis Semadgenel
adamianebze, aseve garSemo myofTaTvis stiqiuri ubedurebis tolfasia.
brboSi moxvedrili adamianebi, misdauneburad xdebian agresiulebi,
asocialurebi, xasiaTdebian Semcirebuli TviTkontrolisa da
TviTkritikis unariT. adaminTa umarTavi masebi warmoiSoba masobrivi
mRelvarebebisa da gamosvlebis, policiis mier demonstraciebis an
mitingebis darbevisa da adamianTa masobrivi TavSeyris adgilebSi
(stadionebze, sakoncerto darbazebSi, metropolitenSi, bazrobebze da
sxva) teroristuli aqtebis ganxorcielebulis SemTxvevaSi.
brbos moaxloebisas:
ecadeT swrafad gadaxvideT gverdiT, paralelur qaCaze, CasaxvevSi,
gamWol ezoSi, an ukidures SemTxvevaSi Tavi SeafareT sadarbazos.
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dauSvebelia moZraoba brbos gadaadgilebis sawinaaRmdego
mimarTulebiT: CixSi, Seviwroebad an gadaTxril quCaze gadasvla.
moerideT brbos SenobebTan Sexebis adgilebs, Seminul vitraJebs
da wyalgadamyvan milebs.
umjobesia moixsnaT yelsaxvevebi, Sarfebi, saTvaleebi, sxvadasxva
morTulobani: Zewkvebi, samajurebi, sayureebi. SemoiWireT qamrebi,
mWidroT gaikvanZeT fexsacmlis Tasmebi.
dauSvebelia, SeecadoT brbosTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevas, xeli
waavloT uZrav sagnebs, miT umetes miekroT maT;
dauSvebelia daxra davardnili nivTebis aRebis an Ffexsacmlis
Tasmis gasworebis (Sekvris) mizniT. daimaxsovreT, brboSi dacema
sikvdilis tolfasia.
ecadeT aseve ganTavisufldeT gabarituli da mZime sagnebisagan.
dauSvebelia xelebis aweva Tavis maRla, iseve rogorc jibeSi
Cawyoba an dabla daSveba. ecadeT, xelebi geWiroT mkerdis areSi, raTa
xelebiTa da idayvebiT daicvaT gulmkerdi.
Tu Tan gaxlavT patara bavSvi ecadeT, daiWiroT igi brbos maRla.
43. პრაქტიკული მეცადინეობა “sagangebo viTarebები და მათი შეფასების

მეთოდები”
sagangebo viTarebebis saxeebia:

radiaciuli;
qimiuri;
sainJinro;
biologiuri (baqterologiuri);
saxanZro (Termuli);
kompleqsuri.
radiaciuli viTareba warmoadgens adgilmdebareobis radiaqtiuri

dabinZurebis xarisxsa da masStabs, romelic gavlenas axdens obieqtebis
muSaobasa da mosaxleobis sicocxlisunarianobaze.
radiaciuli viTarebis Sefaseba gulisxmobs adgilmdebareobis
radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis daxasiaTebas (radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis
sazRvrebi, radiaciis done, dasxivebis dozebi) da misi zegavlenis
gansazRvras adamianebze, cxovelebze, mcenareebsa da teqnikaze,
radiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebisas sazRvraven adgilmdebareobis
radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis xarisxsa da zonebs, afaseben radiaciis
saSiSroebis xarisxs adamianebisaTvis da SesaZlebel zians
meurneobisaTvis, adgenen formirebebisa da mosaxleobis radiaqtiuri
nivTierebebiT dabinZurebul teritoriaze yofnisas mizanSewonil
moqmedebebs.
radiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebis safuZvelze sazRvraven maSveli
samuSaoebis moculobasa da rigiTobas, maTi SesrulebisaTvis saWiro
Zalebsa da saSualebebs, dabinZurebis (dazianebis) keris salikvidacio
RonisZiebebs da agreTve SeimuSaveben radiaqtiur teritoriaze
mosaxleobis moqmedebis reJims.
104
produqtebis, sakvebisa da wylis gausnebovnebis ZiriTad RonisZiebas
warmoadgens dezaqtivacia.
dezaqtivacias vuwodebT radiaqtiuri nivTierebebis moSorebas
dabinZurebul obieqtidan, romelsac atareben sxvadasxva saSualebiT.
qimiur viTarebaSi igulisxmeba pirobebi, romlebic Seiqmneba
mowinaaRmdegis mier qimiuri iaraRisa da gansakuTrebiT momwamlavi
nivTierebebis gamoyenebisas.
adamianebze, cxovelebze, mcenareebze, adgilmdebareobaze, sursaTze,
wylis wyaroebsa da mecxoveleobis sxva obieqtebze qimiuri viTarebis
Sefaseba xorcieldeba gamoyenebuli qimiuri iaraRis moqmedebis xarisxis
gansazRvrisaTvis, agreTve qimiuri Tavdasxmebis Sedegebis
likvidaciisaTvis mizanSewonili moqmedebis SesarCevad.
qimiuri mowamvlis keraSi viTarebis Sesafaseblad gansazRvraven:
1. momwamlavi nivTierebebis tipsa (saxeobas) da gamoyenebis
saSualebas;
2. qimiuri mowamvlis keris sidides;
3. mowamluli haeris gavrcelebis siRrmes;
4. mowamluli haeris moaxloebis dros mocemul wertilamde;
5. momwamlavi nivTierebis medegobas maTi gamoyenebis raionebSi;
6. mecxoveleobis, sasawyobe Senobebis, teqnikis, mcenaris, sursaTis,
furaJis, wylisa da wylis wyaroebis mowamvlis xarisxs.
degazacias vuwodebT qimiuri nivTierebebis moSorebasa da maT
gauvnebelyofas (neitralizacias) dabinZurebul obieqtidan, romelsac
atareben sxvadasxva qimiuri saSualebebiT.
sainJinro viTareba es aris sagangebo viTareba, romelic ZiriTadad
xasiaTdeba Senoba-nagebobebis, komunalur-energetikuli sistemebis,
satransporto da miwisqveSa komunikaciebis masiuri ngrevebiTa da
dazianebebiT garkveuli teritoriis masStabiT, romlis Sedegsac
warmoadgens adamianTa msxverpli da materialur faseulobaTa
ganadgureba. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, sainJinro viTarebis qveS
igulisxmeba dazianebis kerebSi garkveuli ganaSenianebuli adgilis
ngrevisa da darbevis masStabebi da xarisxi, romelic gavlenas axdens
mosaxleobis cxovelqmedebaze, ekonomikis obieqtebis muSaobasa da
sagangebo situaciebze reagirebis Zalebis moqmedebaze.
faqtobrivi sainJinro viTareba gamovlindeba adgilze, uSualod
sainJinro dazvervis monacemebis safuZvelze.
sainJinro viTarebis Sefaseba gulisxmobs ngrevebisa da darbevis
masStabebs, agreTve misi xarisxisa da xasiaTis gansazRvras; dazianebis
kerebSi sawarmoo obieqtebis muSaobasa da sagangebo situaciebisa da
samoqalaqo Tavdacvis Zalebis saqmianobaze maTi gavlenis analizisa da
moqmedebaTa iseTi variantebis SerCevas, romelTa SemTxvevaSic ss da sT-
is Zalebisa da saSualebebis minimalur danakargebs eqneba adgili.
sainJinro viTareba iqmneba aseve Hidroteqnikuri avariebis Sedegad.
ZiriTad hidroteqnikur nagebobebs, romelTa ngrevas (garRvevas)
mohyveba hidrodinamikuri avaria, ekuTvnis kaSxali, wyalmRobi da
wyalSemkrebi nagebobebi (rabebi).
kaSxalis garRvevis ZiriTad Sedegs, hidrodinamikuri avariebis
dros, warmoadgens adgilis katastrofuli datborva.
katastrofuli datborva xasiaTdeba Semdegi parametrebiT:
_ garRvevis talRis maqsimalurad SesaZlo simaRle da siCqare;
_ Sesabamis adgilebSi garRvevis talRis `qoCorisa~ da frontis
mosvlis saangariSo dro;
_ SesaZlo datborvis zonis sazRvrebi;
105
_ adgilis konkretuli monakveTis datborvis maqsimaluri siRrme;
_ teritoriis datborvis xangrZlivoba.
katastrofuli datborva _ aris hidrodinamikuri ubedureba,
romelic warmoadgens xelovnuri an bunebrivi kaSxlebis ngrevis Sedegs
da gamoixateba garRvevis talRis mier qvemoT ganlagebuli adgilebis
swraf datborvasa da wyaldidobebis warmoqmnaSi.
saxanZro viTarebis qveS igulisxmeba stiqiuri ubedurebebis,
avariebisa da katastrofebis, birTvuli iaraRisa da sxva Tanamedrove
sabrZolo gamanadgurebel saSualebaTa damazianebeli faqtorebis
zemoqmedebis Sedegad xanZrebis warmoSoba, rac, Tavis mxriv, gavlenas
axdens ekonomikis obieqtebis funqcionirebis stabilurobasa da
mosaxleobis sasicocxlo qmediTunarianobaze.
saxanZro viTarebis Sefaseba gulisxmobs:
_ xanZris masStabebisa da xasiaTis (saxeobis) gansazRvras;
_ Tburi gamosxivebisa da toqsikuri zemoqmedebis zonaTa
radiusebiს განსაზღვრა
_ xanZris siCqarisa da mimarTulebis gansazRvras;
_ dakvamlianebis zonis farTobisa da kvamlis SenarCunebis
periodis gansazRvras;
_ xanZris zemoqmedebaze ekonomikis obieqtebis funqcionirebis
stabilurobisa da mosaxleobis sasicocxlo qmediTunarianobis
Sefasebas;
_ xanZrebis qrobisa da lokalizaciis mizniT xanZarsawinaaRmdego
საგანგებო სიტუაციებზე რეაგირების ძალების formirebebis moqmedebaTa
dagegmva da am mxriv racionaluri winadadebebis SemuSaveba.
baqteriologiuri viTareba aris mowinaaRmdegis mier baqterialuri
saSualebebis gamoyenebisas adamianebis, cxovelebisa da mcenareebis
dasnebovnebisaTvis (dasenienebis) warmoqmnili pirobebi.
baqteriologiuri viTarebis Sefaseba xorcieldeba baqterialuri
saSualebebiT, dasnebovnebuli teritoriis, adamianebis, cxovelebis,
mcenareebis, produqtebis, furaJis, wylis wyaroebis sididisa da xarisxis
gamosakvlevad, maT gadasarCenad da dasnebovnebis keris likvidaciisaTvis
Casatarebeli RonisZiebebis Tanmimdevrobis dasasaxavad.
baqteriologiuri viTarebis Sesafaseblad saWiroa vicodeT:
1. gamoyenebuli infeqciuri damaavadeblis saxe;
2. baqterialuri saSualebis gamoyenebis dro da saSualebebi;
3. dasnebovnebuli teritoriis sidide;
4. baqterialuri saSualebebiT dasnebovnebis keris sazRvrebi
(sazRvrebs adgenen dasnebovnebuli teritoriidan aRebuli sinjebis
gamokvlevis Sedegebis monacemebiT);
5. mocemuli damaavadeblis saxeobis advilad mimRebi da infeqciis
gadamtani cxovelebis arseboba;
6. damaavadeblis gavrcelebis xelSemwyobi meteorologiuri
pirobebi;
7. adamianebis daavadebis gadamtani (sakvebis, furaJis gadatana,
savaWro kavSiri, xalxis mgzavroba da a.S.) sameurneo moqmedebis pirobebi;
8. mocemuli damaavadeblidan adamianebisa da cxovelebis dacvis
xarisxi (acrebi, Sefareba);
9. garemoSi damaavadeblis moqmedebis xangrZlivoba.
baqteriologiuri dasnebovnebis keris sazRvrebs adgenen garemo
obieqtidan aRebuli sinjis laboratoriuli analizebisa da
(ganaSenianebul teritoriaze) adamianebiT dasaxlebul punqtebSi
avadmyofi adamianebisa da cxovelebis arsebobiT.
106
dezinfeqcia niSnavs infeqciis sawyisis an paTogenuri
mikrobebis mospobas garemoSi (sagnebze, nivTebze, haerSi, niadagSi,
wyalSi, adamianebSi, cxovelebSi da sxva). dezinfeqcia aerTianebs:
dezinseqcias – infeqciuri daavadebis gadamtani mwerebis mospobas da
deratizacias – mRrRnelebis mospobas, ris Sedegadac daavadebis
gamomwvevic ispoba. epidsawinaaRmdego RonisZiebaTa sistemaSi
dezinfeqcias didi mniSvneloba eniWeba.
44. radiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebის მეთოდი
adgilmdebareobis radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis xarisxisa da masStabebis,

ss da sT-is formirebebis piradi Semadgenlobisa da mosaxleobis
usafrTxo moqmedebis gansazRvrisaTvis awarmoeben radiaciuli viTarebis
gamovlinebasa da mis Sefasebas.
radiaciuli viTareba warmoadgens adgilmdebareobis radiaqtiuri
dabinZurebis xarisxsa da masStabs, romelic gavlenas axdens obieqtebis
muSaobasa da mosaxleobis sicocxlisunarianobaze.
radiaciuli viTarebis Sefaseba gulisxmobs adgilmdebareobis
radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis daxasiaTebas (radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis
sazRvrebi, radiaciis done, dasxivebis dozebi) da misi zegavlenis
gansazRvras adamianebze, cxovelebze, mcenareebsa da teqnikaze,
radiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebisas sazRvraven adgilmdebareobis
radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis xarisxsa da zonebs, afaseben radiaciis
saSiSroebis xarisxs adamianebisaTvis da SesaZlebel zians
meurneobisaTvis, adgenen formirebebisa da mosaxleobis radiaqtiuri
nivTierebebiT dabinZurebul teritoriaze yofnisas mizanSewonil
moqmedebebs.
radiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebis safuZvelze sazRvraven maSveli
samuSaoebis moculobasa da rigiTobas, maTi SesrulebisaTvis saWiro
Zalebsa da saSualebebs, dabinZurebis (dazianebis) keris salikvidacio
RonisZiebebs da agreTve SeimuSaveben radiaqtiur teritoriaze
mosaxleobis moqmedebis reJims.
radiaciuli viTarebis gamovlineba da Sefaseba SeiZleba
prognozirebis meTodiTa da dazvervis monacemebis safuZvelze.
prognozirebis meTods iyeneben raionebis, olqebis, qveynis sagangebo
situaciebisa da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis ufrosebi da maTi Stabebi.
107
ekonomikur obieqtebze radiaciul mdgomareobas gamoavlenen da
Seafaseben radiaciuli dazvervis monacemebis safuZvelze.
radiaciuli viTarebis gamovlineba da Sefaseba prognozirebis
meTodis dros ar ganisazRvreba radiaqtiuri nivTierebis Rrublis
kvalis zusti ganlagebiT adgilmdebareobaze. adgenen mxolod winaswar
raions, romlis farglebSi 90%-is albaTobiT SesaZloa misi warmoqmna.
SesaZlo radiaqtiuri danagvianebis zonebi aRiniSneba Semdegnairad:
aiReba afeTqebis centri (epicentri), aRiniSneba qaris mimarTuleba
(cnobarebis cxrilis mixedviT). afeqebis simZlavrisa da rukis masStabis
mixedviT Semoixazeba birTvuli dazianebis kera Sesabamisi radiusiT.
qaris mimarTulebis xazi gagrZeldeba mopirdapire mxares, sadac zemodan
da qvemodan gavatarebT 20-200 kuTxeze xazebs, romlebic unda

warmoadgendnen Semoxazuli wrexazis mxebebs. xazs vagrZelebT da
miRebul seqtorSi vadgenT SesaZlebel radiaqtiuri danagvianebis zonebs
(farTobebs).
radiaciuli viTarebis prognozireba SeiZleba winaswar
mSvidobianobis dros, magaliTad, samoqalaqo Tavdacvis gegmis Sedgenis
dros, romelic unda dazustdes saerTo gegmis Sedgenisas, romelic unda
dazustdes saerTo mzadyofnis gamocxadebisas, birTvuli iaraRis
gamoyenebis Semdeg radiaqtiuri nivTierebebis daleqvis dawyebamde.
viTarebis prognozirebis dros sawyisi monacemebia:
_ birTvuli afeTqebis dro, saxe da simZlavre;
_ afeTqebis centris (epicentris) koordinatebi;
_ qaris saSualo siCqare da mimarTuleba haeris fenaSi dedamiwis
zedapiridan radiaqtiuri Rrublis asvlis simaRlemde.
radiaciuli viTarebis winaswari prognozirebis dros birTvuli
afeTqebis parametrebi miiReba birTvuli iaraRis gamoyenebis yvelaze
metad SesaZlebeli variantidan gamomdinare.
SesaZlebeli birTvuli afeTqebis centrebad (epicentrebad) iReben
axlomdebare kategorirebuli qalaqebis (obieqtebis) geometriul
centrebs.
radiaciuli viTarebis gamovlineba da Sefaseba dazvervis monacemebiT
ufro zusti da sruli iqneba, vinaidan igi iwarmoeba adgilmdebareobaze
radiaciuli dazverviT miRebuli faqtobrivi monacemebis safuZvelze.
magram radiaciuli dazvervis warmoebisa da viTarebis monacemebis
108
SekrebisaTvis saWiroa garkveuli dro. es dro miT meti iqneba, rac ufro
didia im teritoriis farTobi, sadac saWiroa radiaciuli viTarebis
Sefasebis warmoeba.
amrigad, faqtobrivi radiaciuli viTareba gamovlinebulia
radiaciuli dazvervis monacemebis safuZvelze adgilmdebareobis
calkeul wertilSi.
45. radiaciuli viTarebis monacemis Sekreba da ganzogadeba
maSveli da aRdgenili samuSaoebis warmoebaze gadawyvetilebis miReba,

agreTve obieqtis radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis pirobebSi muSaobis reJimis
gansazRvra xorcieldeba mxolod radiaciuli dazvervis monacemebiT,
radiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebis safuZvelze. amitom radiaciuli
viTarebis gamovlineba, radiaciuli dazvervis monacemebis Sekreba da
damuSaveba warmoadgens sagangebo situaciebisa da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis
Stabis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes amocanas.
radiaciuli viTarebis gamovlinebasa da radiaciuli dazvervis
monacemebis Sekrebas awarmoeben obieqtis sagangebo situaciebisa da
samoqalaqo Tavdacvis ufrosisa da misi StabisaTvis Seqmnili
radiaqtiuri dabinZurebis drouli informaciebi.
rogorc dabinZurebis dazvervis jgufebisagan, ise zemdgomi Stabidan
miRebuli yvela monacemi ikribeba da ganzogaddeba obieqtis Stabis mier
radiaciuli viTarebis droulad SefasebisaTvis.
obieqtis sagangebo situaciebisa da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis Stabs unda
hqondes Semdegi sawyisi monacemebi:
1. birTvuli afeTqebis (atomuri eleqtrosadguris avariis) dro,
romelmac gamoiwvia obieqtis teritoriis radiaqtiuri dabinZureba. misi
dro SeiZleba iyos dadgenili zemdgomi Stabis mier. Tu raime mizezis
gamo afeqTebis dro ar aris cnobili, mas sazRvraven gaangariSebis gziT.
2. radiaciis doneebi da afeTqebis Semdeg maTi gazomvis dro. vinaidan
radiaciis doneTa gazomva iwarmoebs sxvadasxva dros, mizanSewonilia
maTi dayvana afeTqebidan 1 saaTisaTvis.
3. sagangebo situaciebisa da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis formirebebisa da
mosaxleobis, cxovelebisa da sadgomi Senobebis, mcenareebis, wylis
109
wyaroebis, produqciisa da sakvebis ganlagebis adgili da maTi
mdgomareoba.
4. Senobebis, safrebisa da satransporto saSualebebis radiaciis
Semcirebis koeficienti.
5. dasxivebis dasaSvebi dozebi, romlebic ganisazRvreba Seqmnili
viTarebis safuZvelze, agreTve formirebisa da muSa-mosamsaxureebis mier
Sesasrulebeli amocanebis mixedviT.
dasaSvebi dozebis dadgenisas iTvaliswineben, rom dasxiveba SeiZleba
iyos erTjeradi an mravaljeradi. erTjerad dasxivebad iTvleba pirvel
oTx dRe-RameSi miRebuli dasxiveba. dasxiveba, romelic miiReba oTx dRe-
Rameze meti drois ganmavlobaSi, iqneba mravaljeradi.
radiaciuli viTarebis Sefasebisas saWiroa vicodeT, rom radiaqtiuri
nivTierebebiT araTanabrad binZurdeba teritoria. amitom radiaqtiuri
Rrublis kvals yofen oTx ZiriTad zonad. miRebulia, rom radiaciis
done afeTqebidan 1 saaTis Semdeg (radiaciis etalonuri done) zonebis
gare sazRvrebze iqneba Sesabamisad 8,80,240 da 800 r/sT, xolo radiaciis
dozebi radiaqtiuri nivTierebebis srul daSlamde _ 40,400,1200 da 4000
rentgeni.
adgilmdebareobis danagvianebis xarisxisa da adamianisaTvis
saSiSroebis mixedviT am zonebs uwodeben zomier, Zlier, saxifaTo da
Zlier saxifaTo dabinZurebis zonebs. rukebsa da gegmebze isini
aRiniSneba a, b, g da d asoebiT, xolo maTi sazRvrebi _ Sesabamisad
lurji, mwvane, yavisferi da Savi feris fanqriT.
radiaciuli viTarebis Sefaseba iTvaliswinebs danagvianebis zonebSi
sagangebo situaciebisa da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis formirebebis
(mosaxleobis) moqmedebis sxvadasxva variantze ZiriTadi amocanebis
amoxsnas, miRebuli Sedegebis analizsa da moqmedebis mizanSewonili
variantebis SerCevas, rodesac uzrunvelyofil iqneba umciresi
radiaciuli dazianeba.
radiaciuli viTarebis Sefaseba dazvervis monacemebiT Cveulebriv
moicavs Semdegi amocanebis amoxsnas:
I. cnobili radiaciis donis mixedviT dabinZurebis zonebis gansazRvra;
II. dabinZurebis zonebSi yofnis periodSi adamianebis mier miRebuli
radiaciis dozebis gansazRvra;
110
III. dabinZurebis zonebis gadalaxvisas adamianebis mier miRebuli
radiaciis dozebis gansazRvra;
IV. cnobili radiaciis donis mixedviT dabinZurebis zonebSi dasaSvebi
drois gansazRvra;
V. maSveli samuSaoebis dawyebis dasaSvebi drois gansazRvra mocemuli
dozisa da muSaobis xangrZlivobis mixedviT;
VI. samuSaoebis warmoebisaTvis cvlaTa raodenobis gansazRvra
obieqtze Seqmnili radiaciuli viTarebis mixedviT;
VII. muSebisa da mosamsaxureebis muSaobis reJimis gansazRvra
radiaciuli dabinZurebis pirobebSi.
46. radiaciuli viTarebiს შეფასების პრაქტიკული ნაგალითები
amocana. dabinZurebis zonebSi yofnis periodSi adamianebis mier

miRebuli radiaciis dozebis gansazRvra.
adamianebis mier miRebuli radiaciis dozebi ganisazRvreba
radiaqtiuri dasxivebis kontrolis monacemebiT an adgilmdebareobaze
radiaciis donis gazomvis maCveneblebis mixedviT.
radiaqtiuri dasxivebis kontrols awarmoeben individualuri
dozimetrebis kompleqtebiT.
imisaTvis, rom ganvsazRvroT gaangariSebis gziT radiaqtiuri
nivTierebebiT dabinZurebul teritoriaze dasxivebis doza, saWiroa
vicodeT:
_ radiaciis doneთა mniSvnelobebi afeTqebidan garkveuli drois
Semdeg. kerZod: radiaciis done dabinZurebis zonaSi Sesvlis dros da
radiaciis done dabinZurebuli zonidan gamosvlis dros;
_ dabinZurebul teritoriaze yofnis xangrZlivoba _ t (sT);
_ piradi Semadgenlobis dacvis xarisxi _ K.
radiaciis dones sazRvraven radiaciuli dazvervis xelsawyoebiT.
piradi Semadgenlobis dacvis xarisxi xasiaTdeba safrebis an
gadaadgilebis saSualebebis radiaciis dozebis Semcirebis koeficientiT
(cxrili me-1).
miRebuli dasxivebis dozis gansazRvrisaTvis gamoiyeneba formula:
111
PsaS  t
D ,
K
sadac PsaS_ radiaciis donis saSualo mniSvnelobaa dasxivebis mTeli
periodis ganmavlobaSi (r/sT);
t_ dabinZurebul zonaSi yofnis xangrZlivoba (sT);
K _ radiaciis (dasxivebis dozis) Semcirebis koeficienti. radiaciis
saSualo dones PsaS. sazRvraven formuliT:
Pdawy.  PdamT.
PsaS  ,
2
sadac: Pdawy. aris radiaciis done dabinZurebis zonaSi Sesvlis dros
(dasxivebis dawyebisas);
PdamT. _ radiaciis done dabinZurebuli zonidan gamosvlis dros
(dasxivebis damTavrebisas).
amrigad, dasxivebis dozis gansazRvris formula SeiZleba davweroT

Semdegnairad:
Pdawy.  PdamT.
D t ,
2K
magaliTi 1. ganvsazRvroT dasxivebis doza, romelsac miiReben
adamianebi muSaobis eqvsi saaTis ganmavlobaSi dasxivebul punqtSi, Tu
dasxivebis dasawyisSi radiaciis done iyo 3,5 r/sT, xolo muSaobis
damTavrebisas 0,7 r/sT.
amoxsna: gamoviyenoT formula:
Pdawy.  PdamT.
D t .
2K
aqedan
3,5  0,7
D  6  12,6 r.
2 1
magaliTi 2. ganvsazRvroT dasxivebis doza, romelsac miiReben
adamianebi xis saxlebSi (K = 3) 8 saaTis ganmavlobaSi dasaxlebul punqtSi,
Tu dasxivebis dasawyisSi radiaciis done iyo 3,5 r/sT, xolo dasxivebis
damTavrebisas (bolos) _ 0,5 r/sT.
amoxsna: gamoviyenoT formula:
112
Pdawy.  PdamT.
D t
2K
aqedan
3,5  0,5
D  8  5 r.
23
cxrili 1.
radiaciis Semcirebis koeficienti (KSemc.). saSualo mniSvneloba
safrebisa da satransporto Semcirebis koeficienti

saSualebebis dasaxeleba
Ria adgilmdebareobaze yofnisas 1

Ria Txrili 3
gadaxuruli Txrili 40
avtomanqanebi da avtobusebi 2
buldozerebi, avtogreiderebi 4
satvirTo vagonebi 2
samgzavro vagonebi 3
erTsarTuliani sawarmoo Senoba 7
(saamqro). sacxovrebeli xis saxlebi:
_ erTsarTuliani 3
_ orsarTuliani 8
sacxovrebeli qvis saxlebi:
_ erTsarTuliani 10
_ orsarTuliani 15
sardafebi:
_ erTsarTuliani xis saxlis 7
_ orsarTuliani xis saxlis 12
_ erTsarTuliani qvis saxlis 40
_ orsarTuliani qvis saxlis 100
_ mravalsarTuliani qvis saxlis 400
radiaciis sawinaaRmdego safrebi:
200 da meti
113
I jgufis 50-200
II jgufis 20-50
III jgufis 1000
TavSesafrebi
47. Zliermoqmedi momwamvleli Sxamiani nivTierebebiT

(ZmSn-iT) mowamvlis შემთხვევაში ქიმიური ვითარების შეფასების მეთოდი
ZmSn-iT mowamluli zonis prognozirebisa da Sefasebis qveS

igulisxmeba:
_ ZmSn-is moqmedebis xangrZlivobis gansazRvra:
_ mowamvlis zonis geometriuli parametrebis (ZmSn-is Rrublis
gavrcelebis siRrmisa da dasnebovnebuli zonis gaSlis kuTxis)
gansazRvra da saWiroebisamebr maTi rukaze gadatana;
_ mowamvlis zonis SesaZlo da faqtobrivi farTobebis gaangariSeba;
_ calkeul SemTxvevaSi, mocemul obieqtamde (adgilamde) mowamluli
haeris masebis miaxloebis drois gansazRvra.
ZmSn-iT mowamluli zonis masStabebi uSualod damokidebulia
momwamvleli nivTierebebis fizikur Tvisebebsa da maT agregatul
mdgomareobaze, maTi mniSvnelobebi ganisazRvreba rogorc pirveladi,
aseve meoreuli Rrublebis mixedviT. ase magaliTad:
_ gaTxevadebuli gazebisaTvis _ pirvelad da meoreuli Rrublebis
mixedviT.
_ SekumSuli gzebisaTvis _ mxolod pirveladi Rrublis mixedviT.
_ Sxamiani xsnarebisaTvis, romlebic duRils iwyeben garemos
temperaturaze meti temperaturis dros _ mxolod meoreuli Rrublebis
mixedviT.
mowamluli zonis masStabebis SefasebisaTvis saWiroa vicodeT
Semdegi:
_ qimiurad saxifaTo obieqtebze ZmSn-is saerTo raodenoba da
monacemebi misi maragebis, sacavebisa da teqnologiuri milgayvanilobebSi
ganTavsebis Sesaxeb.
114
_ garemoSi gamoTavisuflebuli ZmSn-is raodenoba, misi sacavis
irgvliv daRvris xasiaTi.
_ ZmSn-is WurWlis fskeris simaRle an miwayrilis done miwis
zedapiridan.
_ meteorologiuri pirobebi: haeris temperatura, qaris siCqare miwis
zedapiridan 10 m-is simaRleze, haeris vertikaluri mdgradobis xarisxi,
romlis Sefaseba SesaZlebelia qaris siCqaris, dRe-Ramis droisa da
amindis Sesabamisad cxrilis saSualebiT.
qimiurad saxifaTo obieqtebze SesaZlo avariebis SemTxvevaSi ZmSn-is
mowamluli zonis masStabebis prognozirebisa da winaswari
gaangariSebisaTvis ZmSn-is saangariSo odenobad (Q0) Rebuloben, mis
maqsimalur moculobiT Semcvelobas calkeul WurWelSi (teqnologiuri,
sasawyobo, satransporto da sxva), xolo Tu qimiurad saxifaTo obieqti
mdebareobs seismur raionSi, maSin ZmSn-is saangariSo odenobad
Rebuloben maT saerTo raodenobas (yvela sacavSi erTad aRebuli), am
SemTxvevaSi meteorologiuri pirobebis qveS igulisxmeba: inversia; qaris
siCqare _ 1 m/wm.
qimiurad saxifaTo obieqtebze ukve momxdari avariebis Sedegad
mowamluli zonebis masStabebis Sefasebisa da gaangariSebis SemTxvevaSi,
mxedvelobaSi miiReba, amjerad, avariis Sedegad garemoSi gamoyofili
ZmSn-is Sesaxeb konkretuli (realuri) monacemebi da avariis
momentisaTvis arsebuli meteorologiuri pirobebi. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom
mowamluli zonebis Sefasebis dros igulisxmeba _ avariis Sedegad ZmSn-
is sacavebis sruli dangreva (dazianeba).
ZmSn-ebis winaswar gaangariSebuli ekvivalenturi raodenobisa da
qaris siCqaris mixedviT ganisazRvreba, Sesabamisad, mowamvlis zonis
SesaZlo gavrcelebis siRrme da mowamluli haeris masebis gadatanis
SesaZlo zRvruli siRrme, romelTagan swored umciresi warmoadgens
ZmSn-iT mowamluli zonis gavrcelebis prognozirebad siRrmes.
115
48. ZmSn-ebis ekvivalenturi raodenobisa
da moqmedebis (aorTqlebis) xangrZlivobis gansazRvra.
ZmSn-is ekvivalenturi raodenobis qveS igulisxmeba qloris iseTi

raodenoba, romelic inversiis pirobebSi qmnis mocemuli ZmSn-is mier
arsebuli haeris vertikaluri mdgradobis xarisxis pirobebSi Seqmnili
mowamluli zonis ekvivalentur zonas.
qimiurad saxifaTo obieqtebis avariis Sedegad garemoSi gamoyofili
romelime ZmSn-is ekvivalenturi raodenoba, pirveladi Rrublis
warmoqmnis SemTxvevaSi ganisazRvreba (1) formuliT:
QekvI = K1 . K3 . K5 . K7. Q0,

(1)
xolo meoreuli Rrublis warmoqmnis SemTxvevaSi (2) formuliT:
Qo
Qekv.II = (1-K1) . K2 . K3 . K4 . K5 . K6 . K7. ,
h d
(2)
(1) da (2) formulebSi gamoyenebulia Semdegi koeficientebi da

aRniSvnebi:
K1 _ ZmSn-is Senaxvis pirobebis koeficienti, misi mniSvnelobebi
warmodgenilia cxrilSi, SekumSuli gazebisaTvis K1 = 1; misi
mniSvnelobebi im gaTxevadebuli gazebisaTvis, romlebic cxrilSi ar
aris mocemuli gamoiTvleba qvemoT moyvanili formuliT:
C p T
K1  ,
H aorT.
sadac:
Cp _ Txevadi ZmSn-is xvedriTi Tbotevadoba, kj/kg. grad.;
T _ avariamde da avariis Semdeg Txevadi ZmSn-is temperaturaTa
sxvaoba, 0C;
aorTql. _ Txevadi ZmSn-is aorTqlebis xvedriTi siTbo aorTqlebis

temperaturis pirobebSi, j/kg;
K2 _ ZmSn-is fizikuri da qimiuri Tvisebebis gasaTvaliswinebeli
koeficienti. misi mniSvnelobebi warmodgenilia cxrilSi da zogad
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gamoiTvalos qvemoT moyvanili formuliT:
116
D
K2 = 8,1 . 10-6 . P . M . K3 
D ZmSn
P_ mocemul temperaturaze ZmSn-is gajerebuli orTqlis wnevaa,

vercxl. wyl. sv. mm-Si;
M _ ZmSn-is molekuluri wonaa.
D
K3 
D ZmSn
sadac: D  _ qloris damazianebeli toqsodozaa da is tolia 0,6

mg.wT/l.
DZmSn _ ZmSn-is damazianebeli toqsodozaa. misi mniSvnelobebi
ganisazRvreba cxrilis saSualebiT.
K4 _ qaris siCqaris gasaTvaliswinebeli koeficienti. misi
mniSvnelobebi ganisazRvreba cxrili saSualebiT.
K5 _ haeris vertikaluri mdgradobis xarisxis gasaTvaliswinebeli
koeficienti, inversiis dros K5 = 1, izoTermiis dros K5=0.23 da
konveqciis dros K5 = 0,08.
K6 _ es aris koeficienti, romelic damokidebulia avariis moxdenidan
gasul droze T1 da ZmSn-is damazianebeli moqmedebis (aorTqlebis) droze
T2. misi mniSvnelobebi SeiZleba ganisazRvros rogorc (3) formulebis
saSualebiT, aseve cxrilis mixedviTac.
T10,8 , roca T1  T2 
K6   
T20,8 , roca T1  T2 
(3)
ZmSn-ebis aorTqlebis xangrZlivoba ki ganisazRvreba (4) formulis

saSualebiT:
h d
T2  ,
K2  K4  K7
(4)
sadac:
h _ daRvris zedapirze ZmSn-is Sris sisqea m-Si, rodesac adgili aqvs
ZmSn-is sacavis irgvliv zedapirze (qvesagebze) Tavisuflad daRvras, misi
117
mniSvneloba aiReba 0,05-is toli, xolo im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac iRvreba
Semozvinuli sacavidan, maSin h = H- -0,2 m-Si; sadac H miwayrilis simaRlea
m-Si.
xolo, roca T2<1sT-ze, maSin K6 aiReba 1sT-is Sesabamisi, e.i. 1-is toli.
K7 _ haeris temperaturis gasaTvaliswinebeli koeficienti, misi
mniSvneloba ganisazRvreba cxrilis saSualebiT.
Qo _ avariis Sedegad gamofrqveuli, an gadmoqceuldi ZmSn-is
raodenobaa t-Si, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu avaria moxda SekumSuli gazis
sacavSi, maSin Qo _ ganisazRvreba qvemoT moyvanili formuliT:
Qo = d .V,
d _ ZmSn-is simkvrivea t/m3. misi mniSvnelobebi ganisazRvreba cxrilis

saSualebiT.
V _ sacavis moculobaa m3.

im SemTxvevaSi, roca avarias adgili aqvs gazgayvanilobis
magistralze, maSin Qo ganisazRvreba Semdegi formuliT:
n  d  Va.g.
Q0 
100
sadac:
n _ ZmSn-is bunebriv gazSi procentuli Semcvelobaa.
Va.g. _ gazgayvanilobis avtomatur gamyofebs Soris moTavsebuli
seqciis moculobaa m3.

ZmSn-iT SesaZlo mowamluli zonis siRrmis prognozirebisas qimiurad
saxifaTo avariis SemTxvevaSi, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli
obieqtebze arsebuli sxvadasxva ZmSn-ebis jamuri maragis erTdrouli
gamoTavisufleba garemoSi, metorologiuri pirobebi aseT SemTxvevaSi
miiReba Semdegi: haeris vertikaluri mdgradobis xarisxi _ inversia, qaris
siCqare 1 m/wm, ZmSn-is jamuri maragis ekvivalenturi raodenoba ki
ganisazRvreba (5) formuliT, meoreuli Rrublis warmoqmnis SemTxvevis
msgavsad.
n
Q ekv.  20  K 4  K 5  K
i 1
2 ,i  K 3,i  K 6,i  K 7,i  Q 0,i / d i (5)
sadac:
n _ qimiurad saxifaTo obieqtze arsebuli ZmSn-Ta saerTo raodenobaa.
118
i _ ZmSn-ebis mTvleli indeqsi.
mas Semdeg, rac ganisazRvreba avariis Sedegad erTi romelime ZmSn-is
mowamluli zonis siRrme, rogorc pirveladi, aseve meoreuli Rrublis
mixedviT, unda gamoiTvalos ZmSn-iT mowamluli zonis sruli siRrmis
mniSvneloba Semdegi formuliT:
R = R1 + 0.5 . R11 ,
(6)
sadac:
R1 _ pirveladi da meoreuli Rrublebis mixedviT gansazRvruli ZmSn-

ebiT mowamluli zonis siRrmeTagan udidesi;
RII _ pirveladi da meoreuli Rrublis mixedviT gansazRvruli ZmSn-iT

mowamluli zonis siRrmeTagan umciresi.
(6) formuliT napovni ZmSn-is mowamluli zonis sruli siRrmis sidide
aucilebelia SevadaroT cxriliT gansazRvruli mowamluli haeris
masebis gadatanis SesaZlo zRvrul sididesTan da sabolood miviRoT am
ori sidididan umciresi.
49. ZmSn-iT mowamluli zonis farTobis gansazRvra da misi

geometriuli zomebis rukaze datanis wesi
ZmSn-is SesaZlo mowamvlis zonis farTobi aris im teritoriis

farTobi, romlis sazRvrebSic, qaris mimarTulebis cvlilebis
zegavleniT, ZmSn-is Rrubeli SeiZleba gadaadgildes. am zonis farTobis
sidide ganisazRvreba (7) formuliT:
SSesaZ. = 8,72 . 10-3 . R2 .  km2
(7)
sadac:
R _ mowamluli zonis siRrme, km-Si;
f _ mowamluli zonis gaSlis kuTxuri zoma, grad-Si, romlis
mniSvnelobebi ganisazRvreba cxrilis saSualebiT:
dadgenili kuTxuri zomis, qaris mimarTulebisa da ganxiluli
meTodikis safuZvelze gansazRvruli mowamluli zonis siRrmis
119
saSualebiT xdeba mocemuli adgilis rukebze ZmSn-is mowamluli zonebis
aRniSvna. kerZod, SesaZlo mowamluli zona warmoidgineba iseTi wris,
naxevrwris an seqtoris saxiT, romlis centric emTxveva mowamvlis
wyaros; radiusi _ mowamluli zonis siRrmes; centraluri kuTxe _
mowamluli zonis gaSlis kuTxes. xolo avariis momentisaTvis qaris
mimarTuleba im sxivis Tanxvdenilia, romelic aRniSnuli zonis gaSlis
kuTxes Suaze yofs.
rac Seexeba ZmSn-iT faqtobrivad mowamluli zonis farTobs, es im
teritoriis farTobia, romelic mowamlulia ZmSn-iT adamianebisaTvis
saxifaTo dozis sazRvrebSi, misi sidide gamoiTvleba (8) formulis
saSualebiT:
Sfaq. = Ks . R2 . T10,2 , km2,
(8)
sadac:
Ks _ koeficienti, romelic damokidebulia haeris vertikaluri
mdgradobis xarisxze da misi mniSvneloba Sesabamisad etoleba: inversiis
SemTxvevaSi 0,081; izoTermiis SemTxvevaSi _ 0,133 da konveqciis SemTxvevaSi
_ 0,235
T1 _ avariis dawyebidan gasuli dro, sT-Si
50. ZmSn-iT mowamluli haeris mocemul obieqtamde miaxloebis

drois gansazRvra
ZmSn-is Rrublis mocemul obieqtamde moaxloebis xangrZlivoba

damokidebulia haeris nakadiT Rrublis gadatanis siCqareze da
gamoiTvleba formuliT:
X
t sT ,
V
(9)
sadac: X _ manZilia mowamvlis wyarodan mocemul obieqtamde, km-Si.
V_ mowamluli haeris wina frontis (Rrublis) gadaadgilebis siCqarea,

km/sT-Si, romlis ricxviTi mniSvneloba damokidebulia haeris
120
vertikaluri mdgradobis xarisxsa da qaris siCqareze, mniSvnelobebi
ganisazRvreba cxrilis mixedviT.
121

Pirveladi Samedicino Daxmareba

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Pirveladi Samedicino Daxmareba

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pirveladi samedicino

med. mec doqtori zurab kacaZe

med. mec doqtori mixeil jorbenaZe

med. mec doqtori TamTa giorgaZe

saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia medicinis fakultetis

1. kardio-pulmonaruli renimacia, daSavebulis transportireba. Soki.

2. sisxldena. Wrilobebi da maTi saxeebi. pirveladi daxmarebis meTodebi

3. moyinva da misi xarisxebi. damwvroba da misi xarisxebi. siTburi da

4. qimiuri iaraRi. qimiuri agentebi. qimiuri agentebi toqsikologiuri da

5. nervul-paralizuri agentebi. fiziko-qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba.

6. kan-rezorbciuli agentebi. fiziko-qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba.

7. sisxlis agentebi. fiziko-qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi

8. mxuTavi agentebi. fiziko-qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba. organizmSi

9. cremldeni da gamaRizianebeli agentebi. fiziko-qimiuri Tvisebebi.

10. fsiqoqimiuri agentebi. fiziko-qimiuri Tvisebebi. toqsiuroba.

11. birTvuli iaraRi. birTvuli iaraRis damazianebeli faqtorebis

13. dasxivebis maRali da mcire dozebis zemoqmedebis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi

14. individualuri (m-95, m-5, sge400/3 da a.S) dacvis Tanamedrove

16. sagangebo situaciaTa marTvis samedicino formirebebisada dawesebulebebis

17. samoqalaqo Tavdacva da misi amocanebi .......................................gv

18. sagangebo situaciebis marTvis erTiani saxelmwifo sistema ..................gv

19. saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli bunebrivi da teqnogenuri xasiaTis

20. Tanamedrove sabrZolo saSualebebi ................. gv

21. birTvuli iaraRi ............ gv

22. radiaqtiuri nivTierebis moqmedeba mcenareebze .............. gv

23. qimiuri iaraRi ...... gv

24. baqteriologiuri iaraRi. adamianebisa da cxovelebis daavadebis

25. Tavdasxmis Cveulebrivi iaraRebi ............... gv

27. panikasTan brZola .............. gv

28. miwisZvra ................ gv

29. lipyinulianoba ............ gv

30. Tovlis namqeri ............... gv

31. gvalva ........... gv

32. zvavi .......... gv

33. elva ........... gv

34. wyaldidoba ............. gv

35. Rvarcofi ............. gv

36. mewyeri .............. gv

37. tyis da torfnaris xanZari ............ gv

38. grigali, qariSxali da qarborbala ........... gv

39. radiaciuli xasiaTis avariebi ........... gv

40. qimiuri xasiaTis avariebi ........... gv

41. xanZari da afeTqebebi ............. gv

42. xalxis umarTav masebTan e.w. brbosTan urTierToba .............. gv

43. პრაქტიკული მეცადინეობა “sagangebo viTarebები და მათი შეფასების მეთოდები”

45. radiaciuli viTarebis monacemis Sekreba da ganzogadeba ........... gv

46. radiaciuli viTarebiს შეფასების პრაქტიკული ნაგალითები ............ gv

47. Zliermoqmedi momwamvleli Sxamiani nivTierebebiT (ZmSn-iT) mowamvlis

48. ZmSn-ebis ekvivalenturi raodenobisa da moqmedebis (aorTqlebis)

49. ZmSn-iT mowamluli zonis farTobis gansazRvra da misi geometriuli zomebis

50. ZmSn-iT mowamluli haeris mocemul obieqtamde miaxloebis

Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom is policielebi, romlebsac saqme aqvT

a. SeamowmeT, ra mizeziT aris gamowveuli daSaveba (eleqtrodeni,

policielis movaleobebi pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis

pirveladi samedicino daxmareba aris daSavebulis mimarT

SemTxvevis adgilTan miaxloebis dros sistemuri midgoma

o daawvineT daSavebuli adamiani zurgze. gaxseniT sasunTqi gzebi da

b. ,,uyure, usmine da igrZeni” sunTqva

g. SeamowmeT sisxlis cirkulacia

o SeamowmeT daSavebulis pulsi saZile arteriis gasinjviT. SeamowmeT

o pulsi ar SeamowmoT cera TiTiT, radgan cera TiTSi igrZnoba

o Tu sapasuxo reaqcia ver miiReT vinmes uxmeT

o moaTavseT daSavebuli zurgiT myar zedapirze ise, rom Tavi gulis