arnold Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis muSaobis gegma

instituti 25 marti,
marti 11 saa
saaTi

l. e z u g b a i a, Sesavali sitKva

1. v. S e n g e l i a, fragmentebi mogonebidan akademikos

arnold Ciqobavaze. XXIII_XXVIII

2. i. C a n t l a Z e, Cemi moZGvarTmoZGvari
arnold Ciqobavas
3. T. u T u r g a i Z e, qvemdebare-damatebis sakiTxebi III seriis
sakiTxavebi zmniT gamoxatul SemasmenelTan (aqtivebi da medioaqtivebi)

4. g. k v a r a c x e l i a, axal disciplinaTa saerTo Teo-

riuli safuZveli da urTierTmimarTeba
XIX 5. S. a f r i d o n i Z e, fonetikuri faqtoris roli termin-
Ta Seqmnisas

2008 wlis 25-28 marti 6. g. b e d o S v i l i, sitKva `kaxambalis~ Sesaxeb

7. l. s a n i k i Z e, brunebaTa ZiriTadi tipebis SedarebiTi

masalebi analizi naxur da daGestnur enebSi

8. m. s u x i S v i l i, pirdapiri damatebis sakiTxi Zveli qar-

Tulis rTul zmnebSi

9. n. m a y a v a r i a n i, anTropomorful arsebaTa saxelwo-

debebis warmomavlobisaTvis afxazurSi. 2. aZˆZlan //
aZˆzlan `ali, feria~

10. m. r o b a q i Z e, `afxazi~ da `afxazebi~ somxur wKaroebSi

Tbilisi
2008 11. n. J o r b e n a Z e, `aqedan / iqidan gamomdinare~ formaTa
umarTebulo xmarebis gamo qarTulSi

3
 26 marti,
marti 11 saa
saaTi 27 marti,
marti 11 saa
saaTi

1. g. g o g o l a S v i l i, kidev erTxel -ia

ia daboloebis Ta- 1. l. n o z a Z e, zogi cnebis (mniSvnelobis) dazustebisa-
obaze -ad
ad da -am
am TemisniSnian zmnaTa | TurmeobiTis for- Tvis `qegl~-Tan mimarTebiT
maTa Soris
2. T. v a S a k i Z e, koordinaciis sistemisaTvis Tanamedrove
2. v. m a G r a Z e, ramdenime kalkis Sesaxeb qarTulSi

3. n. a r d o t e l i, gramatikuli klasebis sistema xunZuri 3. c. b a r b a q a Z e, samKaros enobrivi suraTebi poetur

enis zedsarTav saxelebSi metKvelebaSi (`varskvlavebis poetika~ ana kalandaZis poeziaSi)

4. e. g i u n a S v i l i, Sedgenili zmnebis kvlevis sakiTxebi- 4. l. e z u g b a i a, Tavisebur zmnaTa kompiuteruli aGweri-

saTvis adre saSualo sparsulSi saTvis

5. n. s u r m a v a, xmovani Canaweris transkrifcia qarTul 5. m. s a G l i a n i, qarTveluri etimologiebi

dialeqtur korpusSi
6. m. J G a r k a v a, o_u
u afiqsebi megrulsa da lazurSi
6. n. m u z a S v i l i, terminologiuri sitKvawarmoebisaTvis
7. n. d o l i Z e, ayarul da gurul dialeqtTa leqsikis
7. m. b e r i Z e, d. n a d a r a i a, dialeqturi teqstebis kor- urTierTmimarTebisaTvis (al. Glontis `qarTul kilo-
pusis pirveladi anotireba (proeqti: saqarTvelos lin- TqmaTa sitKvis konaSi~ warmodgenili masalebis mixedviT)
gvisturi portreti)
8. n. c e c x l a Z e, floronimebi SavSeTis toponimiaSi
8. m. b u k i a, sinonimebisaTvis megrul mesaqonleobis leqsikaSi
9. g. v a n i l i S i, 100 wlis lazi Semoqmedi
9. l. b a k u r a Z e, Tvisebisa da ricxvis eqspresiuli gamo-
xatvis SemTxvevebi -oba
oba sufiqsian saxelebSi 10. n. x a r C i l a v a, saqorwilo sufra da masTan dakavSire-
buli zogierTi termini samurzaKanoSi
10. c. J a n J G a v a, megruli Suri
Suri `suli~ derivatebsa da
kompozitebSi 11. T. t e t e l o S v i l i, erTpiriani vnebiTis zog forma-
Ta umarTebulo gamoKenebis gamo
11. r. i o s e l i a n i, ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÅÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ

12. r. l o l u a, kavkasiis albanur warweraTa korpusis da-

zustebisaTvis

4 5
 28 marti,
marti 11 saa
saaTi levan azmaifaraSvili

1. n. q u T e l i a, irGveva Tu ara fonemaTa SeerTebis sin- maxvilTan

maxvilTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi
tagmaturi kanonzomierebani xunZuri enis anwuxur
anwuxur dialeqtSi
(Kvarlis r-nis sof. Tivis metKvelebis mixedviT)
2. i. C a n t l a Z e, jur-/jir jˆr ZirTa urTierTmimarTebi-
jur jir-/jˆr
jir jˆr-
saTvis qarTvelur enebSi maxvilis moqmedebiT gamowveuli iseTi gavrcelebuli fo-
netikuri procesebis Sesaxeb, rogoricaa xmovanTa asimilacia
3. T. g v a n c e l a Z e, afxazuri zmnis kidev erTi morfo- da reduqcia, xunZuri enis araerT mkvlevars umsJelia (S. miqa-
logiur-modaluri kategoriis Sesaxeb (winaswari cnoba) ilovi, arn. Ciqobava, il. cercvaZe, t. gudava, g. gogolaSvi-
li...).
4. m. C u x u a, saerTokavkasiuri sameurneo Kofa (Senoba-na-
xunZur dialeqtur metKvelebaze dakvirveba saKuradGebo
gebobebi)
faqtebs warmogviCens. rogorc Cans, maxvilis moqmedeba amjama-
dac uwKobs xels garkveuli fonetikuri procesebis warmoqmna-
5. n. y o x o n e l i Z e, futk-, funk fuZeTa warmomavlobi-
futk funk-
sa da mimdinareobas. maxvilTan dakavSirebul fonetikur mo-
saTvis
vlenaTa erTi wKeba axali Casaxulia da maT ganviTarebaze da-
6. S. g a b e s k i r i a, metKvelebis aGmniSvneli qarTveluri kvirveba sinqroniul yrilSic aris SesaZlebeli.
zmnebis zogi Taviseburebis Sesaxeb warmovadgen zogierT faqts, romelic SeiniSneba kaxeTSi
mosaxle anwuxeli xunZebis cocxal metKvelebaSi. ganixileba,
7. r. S e r o z i a, qarTveluri saliteraturo enisa da kerZod, anwuxuri dialeqtis toxur-yadaqolour kilokavTa
sulxan-sabas `sitKvis konis~ zogi sakiTxisaTvis monacemebi. sxva dialeqtTa da kilokav-TqmaTa viTareba am
mxriv Sesaswavlia.
8. l. a z m a i f a r a S v i l i, maxvilTan dakavSirebuli mo- sof. Tivis metKvelebaSi gvxvdeba zmnisarTi c´vex `win~. aq
vlenebi xunZuri enis anwuxur dialeqtSi (Kvarlis r-nis reduqciaa gamowveuli maxviliani e-s mier; Sdr. Crd. xunZ.
sof. Tivis metKvelebis mixedviT) c´ev¡
ev¡ (| kl.), c´e¡ (|| kl.), c´eb¡
eb¡ (||| kl.), c´er¡
er¡ (mr. r.) `win~
(anwuxur zmnisarTSi -xx bolosarTi mimarTulebis gamomxatve-
9. m. C a C a n i Z e, eqstralingvisturi informacia leqsikonebSi
li formantia: c´ve-ve-x). saKuradGeboa, rom Crdilouri xunZu-
ris zmnisarTisagan gansxvavebiT anwuxuri c´vex ar ganarCevs
10. g. g v a n c e l a Z e, -urº
urº ul sufiqsTa erTi funqcia is-
urº-ul
xolme klasebs. ganvixiloT, magaliTad, erTi aseTi winadadeba:
toriuli sabuTebis mixedviT
so Gedu c ´ v e x kanwbon va c ´ v e x g i ton saral ber baƒzi
11. k. m i T a g v a r i a, adamianis asakobriv diferenciaciasTan bat¾mola `erTi Kvavi win gamoxta da winac wavida, ra meliis
dakavSirebuli terminebi Cerqezul enebSi Tvalis amoTxra moindoma~. sitKva Gedu (`Kvavi~) ||| klass (niv-
Tisas) ganekuTvneba, amitom mosalodneli iKo v-s nacvlad
12. q. m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i, mirTva svanurSi zmnisarTSi b niSani KofiliKo warmodgenili. SeiZleba gaCndes

6 7
STabeydileba, rom c´vex zmnisarTSi gaqvavebulia | klasis (ma- Zlier dinamikur maxvils, romelic odesGac moqmedebda
makacis) v afiqsi, magram vfiqrob, rom am movlenas fonetikur (arn. Ciqobava). magram Cvens enaSi es movlena ukve istoriis
niadagze moeZebneba ufro marTebuli axsna: amosavlad am Se- kuTvnilebaa, xolo anwuxurSi igi amjamad cocxali procesia.
mTxvevaSi gveqneboda ||| klasis b niSniani forma c´eb¡
eb¡x, xolo SeimCneva erTgvari tendencia sitKvis anlautSi TanxmovanTkom-
maxviliani e xmovnis mier fuZis SekumSvis Sedegad unda gaCeni- pleqsebis gaCenisa. Kovel SemTxvevaSi, TanmxovanTa sabolood
liKo arabunebrivi bgeraTkompleqsi c´b sitKvis TavkidurSi SerwKma Tu ara, maT Soris zGvaris Sesusteba da erTmaneTTan
(c´bex ← ceb¡x). amis gamo moxda bagismieri b-s Secvla aseve ba- miaxloeba sagrZnobi xdeba.
gismieri v bgeriT: c´b → c´v; bgeraTkompleqsTa aseTi tipi sxvaTa Soris, TviTon Tivis mkvidrni aGniSnaven, rom
(Tanxmovani + v) ki savsebiT Cveulebrivia xunZuris fonotaq- sitKvebs Cven ufro mokled warmovTqvamT, vidre xunZaxelebio.
tikisaTTvis da igi farTodaa gavrcelebuli sitKvaTa anlautSi. roca Tivel salihaT mahomedovas (1976 w. dab., medda)
Tivis anwuxur metKvelebaSi umaxvilo xmovnebs SeemCneva vTxove Tavad daewera zogierTi anwuxuri sitKva, man ase dawe-
dasustebis tendencia. aseTi xmovani advilad ganicdis xolme ra: бт|атри (batTri `gascilda~), г|дин („id¢n `msgavsad~),
bab (`deda~) umaxvilo a-s artikula-
cvlilebas, mag., sitKvaSi bab г|диг|нугу („id¢„nugu `nu Cqarob~), гьресрох|но (her¡s´i rono
cia Sesustebulia da or bagismier Tanxmovans Soris moqceuli `ilaparakes~), гьже (hij¡ `axla~.. ukve dawerili hqonda ase, mag-
igi TviTonac bagismieri xdeba, anu u xmovnad gardaiqmneba: ram Semdeg mainc Caumata и: гьиже). faqti sainteresoa im
bub. aGsaniSnavia, rom orive fonetikuri varianti am sitKvisa
bub TvalsazrisiT, Tu rogor aGiqvams TviTon metKveli mSobliur
Tavisuflad SeiZleba Tanaarsebobdes erTi da imave piris metKvelebaSi arsebul movlenas, kerZod, xmovanTa dasustebas
metKvelebaSic. umaxvilo poziciaSi. es aisaxeba sitKvaTa dawerilobaSi, sadac
sitKvebis Tavkidur marcvalSi umaxvilo xmovanTa artiku- umaxvilo xmovnebi saerTodac ar aris grafikulad gamosaxuli.
laciis Sesusteba gansakuTrebiT sagrZnobia im SemTxvevaSi, Girssacnobia, rom calkeul sitKvaTa anlautSi ukve sabo-
roca aseTi xmovani maxvilianis identuria, anda maxvilianTan loood CamoKalibebuli Cans orwevra TanxmovanTkompleqsebi,
SedarebiT ufro maGali aweulobisaa, vTqvaT, mag., sitKvebSi romlebSic meore komponentad gvevlinebian sonori Tanmxovnebi
dab
dab `iq~, sadƒ
sad `erTad~, sarƒan
sar `GamiT~, meT¡r
meT¡ `xval~, l da r; aseTi kompleqsebia sl,sl Kl, Kr magaliTebi:
Kl Kr.
ret¡l `tanisamosi~, suk¤
ret¡ ƒijn `bavSvi~, hij¡
suk¤m `saponi~, ƒij hij¡ `ax- slu `salamuri~, `stviri~. amosavali saxe am sitKvisa iKo
la~. aseve anTroponimebSic: siq¢
siq¢nT, bit¢nT (qalis sakuTari
nT bit¢ sul¤. kaxeTis anwuxur metKvelebaSi bevrad ufro adre
sul¤
saxelebia) da sxv. sitKvebis sxartad warmoTqmisas umaxvilo il. cercvaZem gamoavlina misi yadaqolouri varianti amgvari
saxiT: Solo
lo mkvlevars maxvili ar aGuniSnavs sitKvaSi.
Solo.
xmovnebi TiTqos arc ismis: dba, sdaƒ, srƒan, mTer, rtel, skum,
sitKva Klin `sigareti~ ← Kil¢n. ← Kal¢n; Sdr. lit.
ƒjan, hje, sqinT, btinT... aseTi ram SeiZleba moxdes zmnis ana-
ƒal¢an, qarT. Kalion-i. il. cercvaZes igive sitKva gansxvavebu-
lizur formebSic, mag., meSvelzmniani rij¢rij¢Tu vona
vona (`Tanaxma
lad aqvs dadasturebuli: KalihanKalihan `papirosi~. sof. Tivis
var~) gabmul metKvelebaSi moismis ase: rj¢Tuon...
TqmaSi es ukanaskneli varianti amjamad aGar gvxvdeba.
aq SeiZleba gagvaxsendes tipologiurad msgavsi movlena
Krul `qvrivi~; Sdr. lit. Kor£l-av (| kl.), Kor£l-a (||
qarTulSi: Zma ← Zam, Zlier ← Zal-¢er da sxv. rogorc ga-
kl.). il. cercvaZis Canaweris Tanaxmad, es sitKva anwuxurSi
rkveulia, xmovnis amoGeba fuZeSi da misi SekumSva gamouwvevia
sxvagvarad gamoiTqmoda: Kurula la KuradGebas iqcevs boloki-
Kurula.
8 9
duri a-s gauCinarebis faqti. es bolosarTi xmovani klasis ni- w´lrab `wakiTxuli~ ← w´larab, b£‡rab `namKofi~ ← b£‡arab,
Sans warmoadgenda, miGebuls -av da -aa sufiqsTa fonetikuri bit¾¾rab `gaKofili~ ← b¢t¾arab (mag., mKar gamoTqmaSi tul-
bit tul-
gamartivebiT: av → a, a → a. bit¾ra vac´
bit¾ vac´ `GviZli Zma~, zedmiw. `GviZl-gaKofili Zma~),
Crdilour xunZurs sl, Kl Kr TanxmovanTkompleqsebi
sl Kl, b£hrab `civi~ ← b£harab... wi
wib `axali~ ← w¢ab...
sitKvis TavkidurSi eucxoeba. arsebiT saxelTa naTesaobiTi brunvis formebSi: sitKva Ci
Tu umaxvilo xmovnis dasustebis Sedegad erTmaneTs miuax- (`kaci~) naTesaobiTSi iqneba C¢s´ul `kacis~ ← C¢as´ul. a
lovdeba ori identuri Tanmxovani, maSin sitKvis TavkidurSi difTongSi a xmovnis gaqrobas Cveulebriv iwvevs winamavali
mTeli marcvali SeiZleba moikvecos. aseTi SemTxvevebi dastur- maxviliani i. msgavsadve: gurj¢
gurj¢zul `qarTvelebisa~ ←
deba, magaliTad, kompozitebSi d¡lvac´
lvac´ `biZa mamis mxridan~, gurj¢azul da sxv.
blvac´
lvac´ `biZa dedis mxridan~: d¡lvac´ ← ded¡lvac´, zedmiw. sof. Tivis anwuxur TqmaSi maxvilTan dakavSirebuli fone-
`mamis Zma~, blvac´ ← bablvac´, zedmiw. `dedis Zma~. anlautSi tikuri procesebi Jer ar dasrulebula. SeiniSneba am mxriv
erTmaneTTan Zlier axlos aGmoCnda ori identuri Tanxmovani, arc Tu umniSvnelo sxvaobani sxvadasxva asakis pirTa metKve-
romelTa dasaSoriSoreblad Sesustebul umaxvilo xmovans uk- lebaSi. kidev araerTi faqti gamosavleni da sakvlevi rCeba.
ve Gone aGar Seswevda, xolo Semdgom moxda maTi gamartiveba
erT Tanmxovnad: dd → d, bb → b; umaxvilo xmovani ki sru-
liad Seiwira am procesma. sainteresoa, rom amosavali forme-
bi ded¡
ded¡lvac´ bablvac´
lvac´, bablvac´ kidev arseboben sof. Tivis metKvele- nodar ardoteli
lvac blvac´
baSi d¡lvac, lvac´ kompozitTa paralelurad.
calke aGsaniSnavia fonetikur cvlilebaTa SemTxvevebi max- gramatikuli klasebis sistema xunZuri enis
viliani marcvlis momdevno poziciaSi. cvlilebebi SeiniSneba zedsarTav saxelebSi
sxvadasxva sitKvebsa da formebSi. magaliTad:
anTroponimebSi maxvili kumSavs fuZes momdevno umaxvilo 1. cnobilia, rom xunZurSi srul (resp. gaformebul) zed-
marcvalSi xmovnis amoGebiT, mag., qalis sakuTar saxelebSi: sarTav saxelebs KovelTvis daerTvis klas-kategoriis sufiqsu-
sil¢mT ← sil¢maT ← sal¢maT, siq¢
sil¢ siq¢nT ← siq¢naT ← saq¢naT, ri niSnebi, romlebic warmomavlobiT CvenebiTi nacvalsaxele-
bit¢
bit ¢nT ← bit¢maT ← bat¢maT (Sdr. Crd. xunZuris fat¢maT), bis mzamzareul formebad aris miCneuli (Ciqobava 1942, 33;
musl¢nT ← musl¢maT. sakmaod niSandoblivia m → n anwuxu-
musl¢ bokarevi 1949, 150; kikviZe 1958, 99; Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962,
ris anTroponimebSi, roca isini SeikumSebian xolme da m moeq- 185...).
ceva T-s win. anTroponimi ruK ¢T ← ruK¢aT... a difTongSi
ruK¢ dasturdeba iseTi zedsarTavebic, romlebsac, sufiqsis
Cveulebriv qreba sruli xmovani, Tu es difTongi maxviliani garda, klasis eqsponenti prefiqsadac daerTvis, mag.: b-e-w-ab
i-s uSualo mezoblobaSi moeqceva xolme (amis sxva magaliTebi `bneli~, b-a-„ar-ab `wiTeli~, b-o-rxaT-ab `maGali~, b-a-w´ad-ab
ix. qvemoTac). `sufTa~, `wminda~, b-i-c´aT-ab `sqeli~...
mimGeobebsa da zedsarTavebSi: ¤nTra `avadmKofi~ ← ¤nTa- 2. Cveni azriT, zemomoKvanili zedsarTavis formebi unda
iKvnen odindeli mimGeobebi, romlebmac mogvianebiT zedsarTa-
ra, b¢trab `swori~ ← b¢t¾arab, bKrab `mSieri~ ← bKarab,

10 11
vi saxelis statusi SeiZines. amas mowmoben saTanado zmnebi, Suqia afridoniZe
romelTagan unda warmoqmniliKvnen amgvari zedsarTauli (resp.
*
mimGeoburi) formebi , mag.: b-¡-w-ab (Sdr. b-¡-w-i-ze `Caqroba~, fonetikuri faqtoris roli
`dabneleba~) `bneli~, b-a-„r-ab (Sdr. b-a-„r-i-ze `gacxeleba~, terminTa Seqmnisas
`dawva~...) `wiTeli~, b-£-rxaT-ab (Sdr.b-£-rx-i-ze `aweva~, `ata-
enis leqsikuri gamdidrebis, maT Soris axali terminebis
na~...) `maGali~, b-a-w´ad-ab (Sdr. b--w´-i-ne `gawmenda~, `gasufTa- Sesaqmnelad erT-erT ZiriTad saSualebad, leqsemaTa sesxebas-
veba~...) `wminda~, `sufTa~, b-¢-tar-ab (Sdr. b-¢-t-i-ze `gaswore- Tan erTad, samarTlianad iTvleba sitKvawarmoeba. derivaciul
ba~, `gagzavna~...) `swori~, `pirdapiri~ da misT. afiqsebs mraval enaSi, SeiZleba iTTqas, gadamwKveti mniSvnelo-
iSviaTad SeiZleba analogiuri zedsarTavi saxeli zmnize- ba eniyeba terminologiis erovnul niadagze gamdidrebisaTvis.
disganac momdinareobdes, mag.: b-i-c´T-ab (Sdr. b-i-c´T- saliteraturo qarTuli Tavisi ganviTarebis istoriis manZil-
`sqlad~) `sqeli~... ze amgvari nimuSebis unikalur magaliTebs iZleva.
sagulisxmo faqtia isic, rom saanalizo zedsarTavebsa da magram afiqsaciasTan erTad da mis paralelurad (Tumc
maT Sesabamis zmnur formebs maxvili erTsa da imave xmovanze Seudareblad naklebi doziT) terminologiis samsaxurSi dgeba
moudis. fonetikuri cvlilebebic. gamoikveTa zogi amgvari cvlileba:
3. mimGeoba, rogorc zedsarTavi saxeli, semantikuri gada- aq ganvixilavT bgeris kargvas da bgera
bgeris dakar
dakargvas bgeraTa
raTa SerwKmas
azrianebiT SeiZleba viTarebiT zedsarTav saxelad iqces. am 1. bgeris
bgeris dakar
dakargva
kargva
movlenas bevr enaSi eZebneba analogi, maT Soris, qarTulSic, a) mrglo
rglova ni qarTuli damwerlobis erT-erTi, qronolo-
lovani
vani.
mag.: Kar-s _ m-Kr-al-i, wiT-s _ wiT-el-i, m-wiT-ur-i, Sr-eb-a _ giurad pirveli safexuris saxelwodebaa mrglova mrglovanini romlis
vani,
m-Sr-al-i... amosavalia mimarTebiTi zedsarTavi mrgv vani (Serqmeulia
mrgvlova
lovani
zemomoKvanili formebi (mKrali, m-wiT-ur-i...) amjamad zed- asoebis formis mixedviT). nawarmoebi adieqtivis etimologia
sarTavebad gaigebian, Tumca istoriulad isini mimGeobebs sruliad gamyvirvalea: igi miiGeba viTarebiTi (Zireuli)
warmoadgendnen. mrgval zedsarTavisagan -ovan
mrgval- ovan sufiqsis darTviT.
rac Seexeba funqciur mxares, sufiqsuri klas-niSani zed- swored am derivaciuli warmoebis _ xmovniT dawKebuli
sarTav saxelsa da sazGvruls Soris atributuli kavSiris da- sufiqsis darTvis procesSi xdeba a xmovnis aucilebeli kum-
samKareblad gamoiKeneba, xolo prefiqsuli eqsponenti realu- Sva, ris Sedegadac Tavs iKris 5 Tanxmovani, romelTagan Kvela
ri subieqtis klass gamoxatavs. sonoria (mr vl garda erTisa. amitom ikargvis winamavali so-
mrgvl
mr vl),
nori v identuri sufiqsiseuli v Tanxmovnis gavleniT (disimi-
laciuri dakargva), ris Sedegadac viGebT gasubstantivebul
grafologiur termins _ mrglovans
mrglovans.
vans
b) lursmu
lursmuli li analogiuri semantikisaa adieqturi warmo-
smuli.
Sobis sitKva lursmu
lursmuli li romlis etimologiac aseve gamyvirva-
smuli,
lea: miGebulia lursman sman saxelisagan (termini amJerad Seqmni-
lursman-
lia weris iaraGis saxelis mixedviT). zedsarTavTa Kvelaze
*
simartivisaTvis zedsarTavebs ||| klasis formiT vimowmebT.

12 13
xSiri mawarmoeblis -urur sufiqsis darTva da fuZiseuli a 2
mimGeoba mqnelma
mqnelma daikava; terminologiuri kompozicia moxda
xmovnis aucilebeli sinkopireba iwvevs ramdenime (4) Tanxmov- m sonoris dakargvis Sedegad gamartivebis xarJze: Kalbismq
Kalbismq(
bismq(m)ne-
ne-
nis TavmoKras. maTgan aseve Kvela sonoria, garda erTisa li am zmnis mimGeobis amosavali qna Cans (Sdr. xalxuri deriva-
li.
(r
rsmn
mn derivatis fonetikuri gamartiveba am SemTxvevaSic sub-
mn). ciuli warmoebis `ga gaa qna~, romelic mix. JavaxiSvilma eso-
gaaimasqn
masqna
stantivaciis gavleniT iZleva saTanado grafologiur ter- den marJved gamoiKena Tavisi cnobili romanis mTavari persona-
mins. jis _ kvayi kvayantiraZis aferistul-avantiuruli saqmianobis
g) kompoziciis gziT nawarmoebi sitKva Tana
Tanamo
namosagre rome-
mosagre
sagre, mxatvrulad daxasiaTebis mizniT).
lic amjamad qarTulSi ixmareba kolegiuri saqmianobis, ker- 2. bgera
bgeraTa
raTa SerwKma
Zod, Tanamosaqmis mniSvnelobiT, warmoSobiT sinonimuri Tana
Tana-
na- qarTulSi bgeraTSerwKmis saxeliT cnobili SemTxvevebi-
mebr Zolis mniSvnelobidan momdinareobs da etimologiurad
ebrZolis dan, romlebic, Cveulebriv, dialeqtizmebadaa kvalificirebu-
ukavSirdeba arsebiT saxels _ sa ngars (Sdr. rus. окоп). misi
sangars li (Tvali > Toli, Svidi > Sudi...), erT-erTi masdaruli
morfemuli analizi aseTia: Tana
Tana-
na-mo-sang(a)r-e. Srd. mo-
mo-sang( mo-sangr-
sangr-e warmoebis sitKva _ gamar Jveba _ saliteraturo enaSi da-
gamarJve
marJveba
1
ix. me-sangr-e .
me-sangr- mkvidrda misalmebis formulad: gamar Joba (< gamarJveba).
gamarJo
marJoba
mo e cirkumfiqsis xmovanTa darTvam gamoiwvia fuZiseu-
mo-_-e aGniSnulma fonetikurma cvlilebam _ viniani kompleqsis bge-
li a xmovnis aucilebeli kumSva: Tanamosangare > Tanamosangre; raTSerwKmam _ xeli SeuwKo mis erTgvar `konversias~. am ter-
Semdgom etapze daikarga n sonoric, magram es gauCinareba mxo- minSi aq nagulisxmebia saxelis gazmnaveba, romlis Sedegicaa
lod fonetikur doneze ar darCenila da mas sitKvis semanti- sapasuxo formulis warmoqmna fuZiseuli v-s CavardniT da pi-
kuri gadaxalisebis funqcia daekisra, roca amgvarad saxe- risa Tu qcevis prefiqsebisa da zmnis dro-kilouri paradigmis
cvlilma saTanado sitKvam `TanamebrZolis~ metonimiis gziT nakvTis mawarmoebeli sufiqsis gamoKenebiT: ga- ga-g-i-marJ-
marJ-o-s/-T
ufro `mSvidobiani~ niuansi (ko kole
kolegis
legis,
gis Tana
Tanamo
namosaq
mosaqmis
saqmis,
mis Tanam
Tanam-
nam- (< gagimarJvos/T), ga- arJ-o-s/-T (< gaumarJvos/T).
ga-u-marJ-
Sromlis
Sromlisa
lis a ) SeiZina _ am ukanaskneli sinonimiT ara oden ofi- am zmnuri formulis analogiam Tavdapirveli gamar gamarJo
marJoba
Joba-c
ba
cialuri statusis, aramed realuri erToblivi, amasTan, myid- TandaTan zmnur paradigmebSi gadaiKvana, rasac mowmobs mrav-
ro Tanamosaqmeobis aGsaniSnavad Tu misaniSneblad. lobiTi ricxvisa Tu Tavaziani mimarTvis formebSi mravlobi-
d) kompozitisave farglebSi uCinardeba sonori m bgera Tobis -TT sufiqsis gaCena (ga gamar
gamarJo ba-T, bavSvebo! gamar
marJoba
Joba- gamarJo ba-T,
marJoba
Joba-
`falsifikatoris~ qarTuli ekvivalentis _ `gamKalbeblis~ qalbatono Tamar!), romelic msgavs situaciebSi misalmebis pa-
terminologizaciis mizniT nawarmoeb kompozit `Kalbismqnel- suxad saTqmeli zmnuri gagi gagimar Jo-T formis analogiiT unda
gimarJo
marJo-
Si~, romelic, Cveulebriv, dokumentebis an fulis damxatvels iKos Seqmnili.
aGniSnavs. rusulSic es termini kompoziciis meSveobiT Seiq- zemoaGniSnuli fonetikuri procesebis analizma gamokveTa
mna, oGond iq meore komponentad fuZe mone neta _ specifikuri
moneta erTi saerTo niSani: Kvela SemTxvevaSi semantikuri gadaxalise-
sufiqsis darTviT _ damkvidrda, qarTulSi ki misi adgili ba xdeba sono
sonori
nori Tanx
Tanxmovne nebis an maTi Semcveli kompleqsebis
movnebis

1
sagulisxmoa, rom `TanamebrZolis~ mniSvnelobiT rusulSi ixmareba 2
aq iqneb zedmeti ar iKos imis aGniSvna, rom sitKva qmari,
qmari romelic dGes
соратник, romelic nawarmoebia rusuli sitKvisagan рать (= 1. Jari, laSqari; 2. bunebrivadaa damkvidrebuli KofiTs sitKvaxmarebaSi, mimGeoburi warmoSo-
brZola, omi) со- prefiqsiTa da -ник sufiqsiT (analogiuri warmoebisaTvis bisave unda iKos, oGond am SemTxvevaSi Tavkiduri, mimGeobis mawarmoebeli m
Sdr. Tana-
Tana-m-Srom-el-i da misi rusuli SesatKvisi со-труд-ник).
Srom-el- sonoris disimilaciuri dakargviT miGebuli.

14 15
fonetikuri modifikaciis fonze. Tvisebis da ara simravlis, ricxvis gamoxatva.
terminebis SeqmnaSi fonetikur cvlilebaTa rolis dama- gramatikuli ricxvi Tu simravle, bunebrivia, sagnebisa
dasturebeli zemoganxiluli magaliTebi Tumca sixSiriTa da Tu movlenebis Tvisobriv gansazGvrasac gvaZlevs da, piriqiT,
produqtiulobiT sitKvawarmoebas ver Seedreba, magram maTi Tvisebis maxasiaTebeli gadadis ricxobriv maxasiaTebelSi, rad-
gaTvaliswineba, damatebiTi masalis gamovlena da saTanado kva- gan orive raodenobis kategoriaa, romelic sagnebisa da maTi
lifikacia aucilebelia faqtobrivadac da meTodologiuri nawilebis garegnul, formalur urTierTmimarTebas gamoxa-
TvalsazrisiTac. msgavsi masalis analizi Tavis kuTvnil ad- tavs: Tvisebas, sidides _ zomas, wonas, ricxvs, aseve ama Tu im
gils daiyers specialur terminTa Tu specifikuri enobrivi Tvisebis xarisxs.
formulebis Seqmna-CamoKalibebis kvlevaSi. -oba sufiqsiani saxelebis saxasiaTo Tvisebis ricxobriv-
Si gadasvlisaTvis, is unda axasiaTebdes mxolod adamianTa
klass da am maxasiaTebliT gamoarCios igi sazogadoebis sxva
nawilisagan: maswav
maswavleb
wavleblo
lebloba
loba,
ba, oficro
oficroba
roba, xoba (adamianTa
ba, glexo
glexoba
garkveuli socialuri statusi). Tvisebis simravle parale-
lia bakuraZe
lurad moiazreba rogorc araTvladi simravle (axalgazrdo-
ba _Tviseba; axalgazrdoba _simravle am Tvisebis matarebeli
Tvise
Tvisebi
sebisa
bisa da ricxvis
ricxvis eqspre
eqspresi
spresiu
siuli gamoxat
gamoxatvis
xatvis
SemTxve
SemTxveve
mTxvevebi
vebi -oba sufiq
sufiqsi
fiqsian
sian saxe
saxeleb
xelebSi
lebSi xalxisa). mas SeuZlia meoreuli gadaazrianebis Semdeg xelax-
la moirgos Tvisebis gageba da axla uve simravlis sisrule
-oba sufiqsis erT-erTi funqciaa abstraqtuli da kre- gansazGvros. mTeli
mTeli axalgaz
axalgazrdo
gazrdoba iKo.. gamodis, rom ri-
rdoba aq iKo.
biTi saxelebis warmoeba. es sufiqsi, faqtobrivad, miuTiTebs cxvi (araTvladi simravle) da Tviseba monacvleoben erTmaneT-
sagnis an saganTa Tvisebaze: oficro
oficroba
roba,
ba axalgaz
axalgazrdo
gazrdoba
rdoba.
ba Si da amitom paralelurad gamoxataven orive kategorias. es
am formebs erTdroulad aqvT Tvisebisa da simravlis eqspresiulobis gamoxatvis erT-erTi saSualebaa enaSi. simrav-
gamoxatvis unari. -obaoba sufiqsiani krebiTi saxelebis warmoeba lis eqspresiulobis ganviTarebis procesi ase gvesaxeba: 1. ka-ka-
Kvela Ziridan ar xerxdeba. mag. mxatvro
mxatvroba
vroba,
ba, damla
damlageb loba su-
mlageblo
geblob cebi coba wKvilis gaCena SesaZlebelia gapirobebuli iKos
cebi _ kaco
kacoba
lac ar niSnavs mravals da mxolod Tvisebis aGmniSvnelia. -oba oba simravlis eqspresiulobis gamoxatvis sayiroebiT. 2. Semdeg,
sufiqsis gverdiT gvaqvs -nar nar sufiqsiani krebiTi saxelebic. mogvianebiT -oba
oba sufiqsi iZens erTgvari qvekategoriis mawar-
Zvel qarTulSi iSviaTad, magram mainc gvxvdeba -oba oba da moeblis funqcias (kacoba, glexoba), amitom eqspresiulobis
-nar
nar sufiqsiT nawarmoebi krebiTi saxelebic: gamosaxatavad sayiro xdeba msazGvrel mTelis
mTelis damatebac.
x i l n a r n i iKvnes mSveni
mSvenier
nierni
erni,
ni, egeTni
egeTni,
ni, rome
romeli
meli Koveli
Koveli qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi, Tavis mxriv, mravlobiTis
feri
feri xili
xili mun ipove
ipoveboboda (amirandareJaniani).
veboda gamosaxatavad monacvleobs -oba
oba da -eb
eb sufiqsi: mTeli
mTeli xel-
xel-
qari
qarisa
risagan
sagan x e v n a r T a Sigan
Sigan Seeq mnebis hma (visramiani).
Seeqmne
eqmnebis mwifo
mwifoba
foba,
ba, Kvela
Kvela xelmwi
xelmwife
mwifee
feebi/
bi/ mTeli
mTeli xelmwi
xelmwife
mwifee
feebi.
bi. ori
smides
smides da gai gaixareb
xarebdis
rebdis,
dis, iKo dide
didebul
debulTa
bulTa J a l a b o b a msazGvreli _ mTeli
mTeli da Kvela
Kvela ki ganarCevs Tvlad da araT-
(visramiani).
vlad saganTa simravles. aqac mTelis
mTelis darTviT eb sufiqsiani
Koveli
Koveli m u s l i m a n o b a brZane
brZaneba
nebasa
basa Tqvensa
Tqvensa morCi
morCileb
rCileb-
leb-
mravlobiTis formaze Cans enaSi Tvladidan araTvlad simrav-
des da mzesa
mzesa Tqvensa
Tqvensa ficevcevdes (visramiani).
ficevdes
leSi gadasvlis tendencia. Tumca, zogJer dialeqtebSi proce-
vfiqrobT, amosavali funqcia -oba oba sufiqsisa unda iKos

16 17
si ise Sors aris wasuli, rom Tvisebis simravles SeiZleba xatuli azri Kvelaze metad enaTesaveba poetis suls. sitKvis
msazGvrelad moevlinos ricxviTi saxeli, isev Tvladi simrav- pirdapiri mniSvnelobidan dawKebuli mis Kvelaze ufro dau-
lis msazGvreli: ori komlo
komloba
loba (fere
fereid
reidnu li). es ki gvafiqre-
idnuli
nuli). sazGvrav mniSvnelobamde, TiTqmis Kvelafers Tavi mouKria ana
binebs, rom raodenobis kategoriebs Soris monacvleobis pro- kalandaZis SemoqmedebaSi.
cesi uwKvetia da eqspresiulobis xarisxzea damokidebuli. ana kalandaZis poeturi teqstebis mixedviT, sitKva `var-
skvlavis~ saboloo azri uflisken midis, varskvlavi uflis
erT-erTi epiTetia, saboloo aGsaniSni GmerTia, romelic Ta-
vad dausazGvravia da dausazGvravia is semantemac, romelic
misi aGmniSvneli xdeba.
cira barbaqaZe
feSenko wers: `Tu davuSvebT, rom semiotikas aqvs Tavisi
ganviTarebis siujeti, maSin am ganviTarebis kulminacia is wer-
samKaros enobri
enobrivi
rivi sura
suraTe
raTebi
Tebi poe
poetur metKvele
metKveleba
lebaSi
baSi
tilia, romelSic semiotika xvdeba poetikas~.
(`varskvlavebis poe
varskvlave
skvlavebis poetika
tika~
ka~ ana kalan
kalanda
landaZis
daZis poe
poezia
ziaSi)
Si)
maS, raze gadis gza azridan sitKvisken da piriqiT,
calkeul avtorTa poetur SemoqmedebaSi gamoiKofa ise- sitKvidan azrisken? amaze vigotski gvipasuxebda: `...azri ar em-
Ti `sitKva_nawarmoebebi~, `sitKva_konceptebi~, romelTa gar- Txveva araTu sitKvebs, aramed arc maT mniSvnelobebs, romle-
Semo SeiZleba gadaewKos poetis enobrivi samKaro. imisaTvis, biTac is gamoiTqmeba. gza azridan sitKvisken mniSvnelobaze ga-
rom amgvari sitKva_konceptebi, semantemebi, gamovlindes, auci- dis. Cvens metKvelebaSi KovelTvis aris dafaruli qveteqsti.
lebelia: am winaaGmdegobis dasaZlevad iqmneba axali gza azridan
a) teqtSi semantemis gamoKenebis maGali sixSire, marki- sitKvisken sitKvaTa axali mniSvnelobebis gavliT~ (vigotski).
reba; swored aseT axal mniSvnelobebs gvTavazobs poeturi metKve-
b) aGniSnuli semantemis metaforulobis maGali xarisxi, leba. iqneb arc ise axalia dGeisTvis is azri, romelic Ta-
rac gamoixateba axal mniSvnelobaTa warmoqmnaSi; vis droze kantma gamoxata agreTve metaforulad: ori ram ma-
g) poetis Semoqmedebis koncepti Tavisi funqcionirebiT ocebs amqveKnad _ varskvlavebiani ca Cem zemoT da moraluri
teqstSi gamoxatavs avtoris ideas. kanoni CemSi! _ moraluri kanoni Tu uflismieria (da namdvi-
Cveni kvlevis obieqts am mimarTulebiT warmoadgenda ana lad aris uflismieri), masTan varskvlavebiani cis dakavSireba
kalandaZis poezia. poetur nawarmoebSi aris iseTi simboloe- sulac ar aris SemTxveviTi da amasve adasturebs kantis am az-
bi, romlebic iTxoven interpretacias Tavad avtorisaTvis ris ana kalandaZiseuli reinterpretacia. iqneb samKaro sul
(m. mamardaSvili). kvlevis Sedegad poetis SemoqmedebaSi gamo- ramdenime metaforis (re)interpretaciaa?
ikveTa sitKva-koncepti `varskvla vi~.
varskvlavi
skvlavi~
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom semantema `varskvlavi~ metnaklebi
sixSiriT TiTqmis Kvela poetis SemoqmedebaSi gvxvdeba, magram
ana kalandaZis `varskvlavi~ namdvilad gansakuTrebulia. ratom
maincdamainc es sitKva? kiTxvaze pasuxi martivia da poetis in-
dividualobidan momdinareobs. rogorc Cans, am sitKviT gamo-

18 19
guram bedoSvili koleqciis eleqtronuli versiis Seqmna, axali teqstebis mopo-
veba, korpusis arqiteqturisa da monacemTa bazis Seqmnis prin-
sitKva `kaxambalis~
kaxambalis~ Sesaxeb cipebis SemuSaveba.
korpusis, `mSeneblobisas~ erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi
`kaxam
kaxambali~ rogorc mexileobis termini mxolod qarTuli
xambali
bali~ etapia anotireba. ganasxvaveben `zedapiruli~ da `Grma~ anoti-
enis dasavluri dialeqtebisTvis (imeruli, rayuli, leCxumu- rebis korpusebs. korpusis lingvistikis Tanamedrove praqtika-
ri, guruli, ayaruli) aris cnobili. dokumentobriv `kaxam kaxamba
xamba-
ba- Si miGebuli gzaa etapobrivi anotireba.
li~ º `kaxa
li~ kaxabali~ warmodgenilia polik
xabali
bali~ polik.
lik. JaJaniZis `guruli leq-
JaJani
JaniZis Cven viwKebT zedapiruli _ pirveladi morfologiuri
sikonis masalebSi~, mix. viZis `qvemorayul leqsikonSi~, SuSa
mix. alavi
alaviZis SuSa-
Sa- da semantikuri anotirebiT, Tumca mimdinareobs Teoriuli
na futka
futkararaZis monografiaSi `Cveneburebis qarTuli~ da a. S.
karaZis muSaoba korpusis Grma anotirebis logikuri platformis
`kaxam
kaxambali~, ramdenadac viciT, dGemde ganmartebuli ar
xambali
bali~ mosamzadeblad.
Kofila. zogadad cnobilia, rom kaxambali hqvia msxvilmar- dGeisaTvis korpusi warmoadgenilia hiperteqstis prin-
cvlian TeTr da Sav bals. aragvis xeobis qarTlurSi amgvar cipiT gamTlianebuli `subkorpusebis~ saxiT, romelic moicavs:
TeTr bals `spanski bali~ ewodeba, rac mis Semosulobaze gamocemul dialeqtur teqstebs, saeqspedicio masalas, dialeq-
metKvelebs. rac Seexeba termin `kaxam bals~ igi qarTuli enis
kaxambals
xambals~ tur leqsikonebs, mxatvrul da samecniero literaturaSi da-
dasavlur kiloebze metKveli xalxis kuTvnilebaa. igi unda mowmebul dialeqtur formaTa saZieblebs da sxv. gaTvaliwine-
ganvmartoT rogorc `kvaxakvaxaba li~ (kvaxiviT msxvilnaKofa bali),
xabali
bali~ bulia korpusTan migraciuli procesebisa da toponimikuri
kvax sitKviT xazgasmulia naKofis zoma, simsxo. saKuradGebo
kvax- cxrilebis integrirebac.
is aris, rom qarTuli enis aGmosavlur kiloebSi kaxam kaxamba
xambalis
balis,
lis pirvelad morfologiur da semantikur anotirebas `gaiv-
kaxabalis nacvlad `gogra
kaxaba
xabalis gograba li~ gvxvdeba. kaxam
rabali
bali~ bal formaSi
kaxambal
xambal- lis~ dGemde dafiqsirebuli Kvela sitKvaforma da leqsikuri
m-ani mjGeri b-anis win ganviTarebula, umano formaSi (ka kaxa
kaxaba
xaba-
ba- erTeuli, Tumca proeqtis farglebSi gaTvaliswinebulia mxo-
li kvax sitKvis gamartiveba momxdara: kvax-
li) bali > kaxa
kvax-a bali kaxa-
xa-ba-
ba- lod fereidnuli, ingilouri da TuSuri masalis anotireba.
li Cans piris saxel kaxa
li, kaxa-sTan
xa asociaciuri dakavSirebis gamo. mocemul etapze ukve gaaqtiurebulia korpusis erT-erTi
mTavari da pirveladi (zedapiruli) anotirebisTvis aucilebe-
li _ konkordansis avtomaturi warmoqmnis funqcia, rac gu-
lisxmobs anbanze gawKobili saerTo sitKvanisa da masTan dakav-
Sirebuli konteqstebis avtomatur warmodgenas.
marine beriZe, daviT nadaraia
pirveladi morfologiuri anotirebis procesi ase
gamoiKureba (muSaobis procesSi is SeiZleba kidev ufro daix-
dia
dialeqtu
leqturi
turi teq
teqste
stebis
ste bis korpu
korpusis
pusis pirve
pirvela
veladi
ladi anoti
anotire
tireba
reba
vewos):
(proeqti: saqarTvelos lingvisturi portreti)
1. sitKvis arCeva;
2. anotirebis velis gaaqtiureba;
meore welia mimdinareobs muSaoba proeqtze `saqarTve-
3. morfologiuri statusis miniyeba (zmna, saxeli, sa-
los lingvisturi portreti~. am droisaTvis Sesrulebulia
xelzmna, formaucvleli sitKva, rTuli morfologiuri sta-
mniSvnelovani samuSao sami ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT: teqstebis
20 21
tusis sitKva (enklitika da sxv. SemTxvevebi); qmnili) da nasesxebi sitKvebis wKvili.
4. saleqsikono formis (masdaris an saxelobiTi brun- rZis sawuris aGsaniSnavad gamoiKeneba owirali º owire º
vis) miniyeba (gansazGvra); owireSi (zedm. `sawuravi~, `sawuri~, `sawurisi~). sintagma bjaS
5. saliteraturo SesatKvisis miniyeba; rali (zedm. `rZis sawuri~), paralelurad gvxvdeba qarTu-
owira
owirali
6. saliteraturo saleqsikono formis miniyeba; lidan momdinare sawˆri (← sawuri). Sdr. sa sawu
wura
wu vi `riTac
ravi
ra
7. konteqstis arCeva dialeqtis mixedviT da konkretul unda wuron, rZis sawuri~ (qegl), imer. sawuwuri `rZis gasawuri
sawuri
formasTan misi dakavSireba. mowKobiloba~, ayar. sawuwuria `rZis sawuri~, svan. lawŸd’r º
sawuria
Sesabamisad, Zebna korpusSi ganxorcieldeba nebismieri am lawŸdr `rZis sawuri~. lazurSi (da ayarulSic) am mniSvne-
lawŸ
maxasiaTeblis mixedviT. lobiT Turqulidan SeTvisebuli suzgi suzgi gamoiKeneba. mTian sa-
rogorc cnobilia, ZiriTadi enobrivi fondis sitKvebi megreloSi paralelurad gvxvdeba xara raza º xara
xaraza zaka º xara
xaraza
razaka xaraZa
raZaga
Zaga
dialeqtur leqsikonebSi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi aisaxeba, roca º xˆraZa
xˆraZaga fa romelic momdinareobs afxazuri a-xraZa
Zagafa
gafa, xraZaga
Zaga-dan
ga
isini damatebiTi mniSvnelobiT aGiyurvebian (e. w. semantikuri (aa-x `rZe~, a-raZa
Zaga `wurva, gamowurva~).
raZaga
dialeqtizmebi). korpusis lingvisturi anotirebis sistema Se- mwKemsis aucilebeli inventaris, rkinamocmuli Joxis aGsa-
saZleblobas iZleva, Seswavlil iqnes dialeqtis aqtiur mimo- niSnavad megruli iKenebs terminebs: biga ga romelic Cans dasav-
biga,
qcevaSi mKofi saerTo fondis leqsikac, ganisazGvros misi ro- lur mikrosistemebSi: imer. bigi bigi `saKrdeni Joxi~, gur. biga biga
li, variaciulobis done, variaciulobis mizezi. statistiku- `orkapa Tivis asaGebi Joxi~, sintagmebi: kaGuami kaGuami keti (zedm.
ri, kvantitatiuri, sociolingvisturi da sxv. mimarTulebebiT `kaviani Joxi~), Cxvindami keti (zedm. `cxviriani Joxi~) da
Cxvindami keti
kvlevis obieqtad iqces erTi mxriv, dialeqturi metKvelebis afxazuridan SeTvisebuli laba labaSaSa (afx. a-labaSa `mwKemsis Jo-
baSa-s
mTliani enobrivi qsovili da meore mxriv, mxolod is gansxva- xi, kverTxi~).
vebuli, specifikuri leqsika an gramatikuli saSualebebi, rac sinonimTa rigs qmnis gvaba bala `xis gobi, romelzec zelen
gvabala
am dialeqts axasiaTebs. suluguns~ (← gobela), niso sori da sparsulidan SeTvisebuli
nisori
barqaqaSi º barqa
barqaSi barqaSia
qaSia.
Sia gvababala qarTveluridan nasesxobis saxiT
gvabala
gvaqvs afxazurSi a-gabalaa
abalaa formiT.
megrulSi SeTvisebulia daGis, seris aGmniSvneli orive
manana bukia sitKva: daGi da xnwra º xˆnwra º xˆnwˆra º Zinwi ra. pirveli
Zinwira
wira.
sparsulidanaa Semosuli, meore ki afxazuridan (aa-xwara
xwara `seri~).
SevniSnavT, rom afxazuridan nasesxebi sitKvebi ZiriTadad
sinonimebisaTvis megrul mesaqonl
mesaqonleobis
leqsikaSi mTian samegreloSia gavrcelebuli.
xSirad martivi formis sinonimad gamoiKeneba warmoqmnili
moxsenebaSi ganixileba megruli mesaqonleobis leqsikaSi sitKvebi (ZiriTadad mimGeobebi).
warmodgenili sinonimebis rigi, garkveulia maTi gavrcelebis niga º nˆga-s
niga nˆga (`sawveluli~) paralelurad gamoiKeneba
areali, is morfologiuri inventari, riTac xdeba sinonimTa mimGeoburi warmoSobis enaqva lari (zedm. `Casawveli~). Sdr.
enaqvala
valari
warmoeba. sawve leli º sawve
sawvele
wvelel lela `xis an Tixis pirganieri Grma yurye-
sawvele
wvelela
sinonimebs ZiriTadad qmnis megruli (Zireuli da warmo- li, romelSic wvelian~ (qegl), imer. sawve
wveli `qoTani, romel-
sawveli

22 23
Sic Zroxas wvelian~, qiziK. sawve leli `sarZeuli, tolCa, ro-
sawvele
wveleli cvlad grZeli leqsemebis damkvidrebis tendencia. amgvar maga-
melSic wvelian~. sainteresoa, rom afxazurSi megrulidan na- liTebs Sorisaa fonetikurad msgavsi da Sesabamisad nakleb
sesxebi a-nˆga mxolod abjuur dialeqtSi gvxvdeba, bzifurSi gamomxatveli mokle zmnebi.
mas a-x½ar Caenacvleba. Zv. qarT. Tq‚s,
Tq‚s itK‚s (`ambobs~) _ ax. qarT. ambobs
ambobs,
bobs
zari º zara
zari zara º zare
zare formas xSirad Caenacvleba nagenetiva- lapa
lapara
parakobs
rakobs.
kobs
ri oreke keSi (zedm. `sarekisi~). Sdr. afxaz. a-sark½
orekeSi sark½al `zari~ mokle zmnaTa sicocxlisunarianobas xels uwKobs enaSi
(← qarT.. sa
sare
reke
rekeli
keli).
li maTgan nawarmoeb saxelebis arsebobac. zmna bar _ mou moubari
bari,
ri sa-
sa-
warmoqmnili formebiT gadmoicema megrulSi karvis mzare- ri itKvis _ sitKva, laz. ot(k)u `Tqma, kiTxva~ _ zita
ubari
bari,
ulis aGmniSvneli sitKvebi. me_e cirkumfiqsiT nawarmoebi me- me- (zi-ta) `sitKva~.
xil-e-s gverdiT gvxvdeba marTuli kompoziti kareS
xil- kareSma
reSmadi
madia
diarafa
rafa-
fa- zmnaTa cvlilebis erT-erTi mizezia maTi semantikuri `cve-
li zedm. `karvis dampurebeli~ (ka kare `karavi~, ma-
kare ma-diar
diar-
ar-af-
af-al-
al-i Ta~, ris Sedegadac xSirad salaparako enidan saliteraturo-
`mymeveli, dampurebeli~). Si Cndeba axali leqsemebi. Cans, Tavis droze qarTul salite-
zogJer termini sintagmiTaa warmodgenili, sadac sazGvru- raturo enaSi amgvarad damkvidrda ambobsambobs,
bobs lapa rakobs zmnebi,
lapara
parakobs
li erTi (saerTo) sitKvaa, sinonimebs ki msazGvreli qmnis: romelTa mniSvnelobiTac amjamad xSirad arasworad iZaxis iZaxis
dida Cxou (zedm. `deda Zroxa~) º mayval
dida mayval Cxou (zedm. `me- zmnac gamoiKeneba.
wveli Zroxa~) º mebja
bjalu Cxou (zedm. `merZeve Zroxa~) zogadad
mebjalu qarTul mwerlobasTan kavSiris gawKvetis gamo zanuri enis
`furs~ aGniSnavs. lazur kilo-kavebSi zepirmetKvelebis gziT gaCenili metKvele-
kareS JoGori (zedm. `karvis ZaGli~) º meSxu
kareS meSxureS
SxureS JoGori bis aGmniSvneli mravali zmna dasturdeba. saukuneebis ganmav-
(zedm. `mwKemsis ZaGli~) zogadad mecxvaris ZaGlis, nagazis lobaSi berZnul da Turqul enebTan kontaqtebis Sedegad la-
aGmniSvnelia. zurSi ucxo enebidan zepiri gziT Semosuli saxelebidan warmo-
qmnili zmnuri fuZeebi gaCnda: opara
oparami
ramiTu
miTu,
Tu oxapa
oxaparu
paru,
ru olaqi
olaqidu
qidu.
du
2. xangrZlivi istoriis mqone qarTuli saliteraturo
enis verbum dicendi-Si dronakl da fuZemonacvle zmnebs Soris
nakvTTa awmKos wKebaSi ixmareba ubno noba da relatiuri eubne
ubnoba eubneba
neba
Salva gabeskiria
zmnebi (mK. etKvis,
etKvis nam. uTxra,
uTxra Turm. I uTqvamsqvams specialur
uTqvams).
literaturaSi ubnoba, msgavsad `laparakisa~, ufro nasaxelar
metKvelebis aGmniSvneli qarTveluri zmnebis zmnadaa miCneuli: ubanuban: uban ubn-ob-a (v. Tofuria,
uban-ob-a → ubn
zogi Taviseburebis Sesaxeb
iv. qavTaraZe, f. erTeliSvili).
1. metKvelebis aGmniSvneli qarTveluri zmnebisaTvis dama- ubnobs qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi sxvadasxva formiTaa da-
xasiaTebelia droTa ganmavlobaSi maTi erTi nawilis xmarebi- dasturebuli: ubnobs
ubnobs (zemoimeruli, rayuli, leCxumuri), ug- ug-
dan gamosvla da mis nacvlad axali zmnuri fuZeebis damkvid- nobs (ayaruli). dialeqtebis leqsikur SemadgenlobaSi fiqsi-
reba. amisda miuxedavad zogierTi maTgani qarTvelur fuZe-enas rebulia aseve ebne
ebneba
neba,
ba ebne
ebneva
neva.
va
ganekuTvneba (s.-qarTv. *TqŸ-, Sum. dug- `Tqma~?).
TqŸ
Tq noba zmnis istoriisa da struqturis aGsadgenad gasaT-
ubno
ubnoba
qarTvelur verbum dicendi-Si SeiniSneba mokle zmnebis na- valiswinebelia Zveli da saSuali qarTuli enis ZeglTa mona-

24 25
cemebi. xmovanTa funqcionaluri monacvleobis maCvenebel im daboloeba -ul saxelebze darTvisas gamoiKeneba imave fun-
magaliTebs Soris, romlebSic e vnebiTs ar gamoxatavs, dasaxe- qciebiT, oGond dasturdeba mxolod maSin, roca fuZeSi aris
lebulia uban-i
uban da euben
euben formebic (v. Tofuria), Sdr. `ve- r Tanxmovani(ix.: dasax. naSr., gv. 390-392).
fxistKaosnis~ euben
euben (`uTxari, elaparake~), agreTve meore se- am konteqstSi KuradGebas ipKrobs Sua saukuneebSi Sedge-
riis moqmedebiTis forma da- ubn-e (kimeni) da sxv.
da-g-i-ubn- nil iuridiul dokumentebSi dadasturebuli uamravi mikro-
gansaxilveli zmna nasaxelari unda iKos, ban-idan
ban miGebu- toponimi, romelTa fuZeebSi aSkarad gamosaKofia -ur da -ul
li (`xma~, `sitKva~), bani
bani ƒmis SewKoba (saba). ban-isa
ban da bar-is
bar daboloebani da am daboloebebs aqvT zemoT dasaxelebulTagan
(abar-eb-s) kvlevisTvis gasaTvaliswinebeli Cans somxur enaSi gansxvavebuli funqcia _ gamoxaton miwis nakveTis, nagebobis
povnieri qarTveluri formebi da mniSvnelobebi: ban `sitKva~, an saflavis kuTvnileba ama Tu im pirisadmi. Kvela am mikro-
`saqme~, bar `sitKva~. banis mniSvneloba axal qarTulSi daviw- toponims safuZvlad udevs piris (ZiriTadad mamakacis) sakuTa-
rovda. ban-s ukavSirdeba e-ban-is
ban saxelwodebac. ri saxelebi, anda metsaxelebi, iSviaTad ki _ gvarsaxelebic.
aGsaniSnavia isic, rom am Jgufis mikrotoponimTa erTi nawili
orsitKviania (msazGvrel-sazGvrulis tipisa), meore nawili ki
aSkarad orsitKviani mikrotoponimebisagan momdinare TiTo-
sitKviani saxelebia (gasubstantivebuli msazGvrelebi).
gvanca gvancelaZe
orsitKviani m i k r o t o p o n i m e b i a:
-urº
urº-ul sufiqsTa erTi funqcia istoriuli
sabuTebis mixedviT alvena-urur-i
ur mamuli (1639 w., 1693 w.); antona-urur-i
ur venaxi
(1655 w.), arsena-ulul saflavi (XV s.), arJevena-ul
ul-i ul mamuli da
ul-i
specialur samecniero literaturaSi -ur da -ul dabolo- sasaxle (1609 w.), barda-ul ul miwa (1659 w.), bedian-ur
ul-i ur venaxi
ur-i
ebebidan amosavlad pirveli miiCneva, meore ki mis fonetikur (1655 w.), bendian-ur ur saxli (1482 w.), berZena-ul
ur-i ul mindori
ul-i
variantad ganixileba. cnobilia, rom oden -ur sufiqss mrava- (1660 w.) burdula-ul ul mamuli (1678 w.), burnaKa-ul
ul-i ul miwa
ul-i
li funqcia aqvs da awarmoebs: (XVIIs.), buGlia-urur mamuli (1584 w.), gamrekela-ur
ur-i ur mamuli
ur-i
a) niSan-Tvisebis gamomxatvel zedasarTavebs (kac-ur ur-i,
ur (1654 w.), gemia-ur
ur mamuli (1673 w.), sulia-ur
ur-i ur venaxi (1477 w.),
ur-i
Zm-ur
ur-i...);
ur tabarvana-ulul mamuli (XVII s.), toxa-ur
ul-i ur[i]miwa
ur (1612 w.), tu-
b) warmomavlobis zedsarTavebs (qalaq-ur ur-i,
ur Tbilis-urur-i,
ur ria-ul
ul venaxi (1609 w.) fanqvel-ur
ul-i ur miwa (XVII s.) fasa-ur
ur-i ur-i
ur
aqa-ur
ur-i...);
ur mamuli (XVII s.), filimana-ur ur savenaxe (XVII s.), futura-ul
ur-i ul-i
ul
g) gvarsaxelebs (buCuk-urur-i,
ur GuduSa-ur
ur-i...);
ur mamuli (XVIIs.), Sio-urur mamuli (XVII s.), gogora-ul
ur-i ul mamuli
ul-i
d) gaTxovil qalTa qaliSvilobis gvaris variantebs (kvini- (XVII s.), gula-urur venaxi (1695 w.), gula-ur
ur-i ur yala (XIV s.),
ur-i
ko-ur
ur-i,
ur fxako-ur
ur-i...);
ur TaKa-ur
ur-i
ur venaxi (1694 w.), Teodora-ulul-i
ul navenaxebi (daaxl.
e) masdarTa erT tips (JuJG-ur ur-i,
ur faT-ur
ur-i...)
ur (ix.: 1258 w.), ivanaZe-ul ul-i
ul mamuli (1559 w.), miqela-urur-i
ur mamuli
b. JorbenaZe, m. kobaiZe, m. beriZe, qarTuli enis morfemebisa da (1661 w.), samsona-ur ur-i
ur mamuli (1624 w.) guJaba-ur
ur-i
ur partaxi
modaluri elementebis leqsikoni). (1259 w.), msxila-urur partaxi (1578 w.) da mr. sxvani.
ur-i

26 27
 erTsitKviani m i k r o t o p o n i m e b i: ri, boxvauri, laiTuri (ozurgeTis r.), wmindauri (onis r.),
xaragauli, cicqiuri, Jafarauli (xaragaulis r.), Toxliauri,
uri-ulul-i
ul (1683 w.), folada-urur-i
ur (XVII s.), qaCala-ur
ur-i
ur patarZeuli, badiauri (sagareJos r.), melauri, xunJulouri
(1696 w.), Salva-urur (1398 w.), cicqi-ur
ur-i ur (1628 w.), Javel-
ur-i (samtrediis r.), maxaTauri, Salauri, korbouli (saCxeris r.),
ur (1700 w.), abaza-ur
ur-i ur (1632 w.), ambia-ul
ur-i ul (1651 w.), buza-
ul-i asanauri (siGnaGis r.), bziauri, ZuKnuri, ivaneuli (tKibulis
ur (1659 w.), gagna-ur
ur-i ur (1559 w.), grZela-ur
ur-i ur (1668 w.), gu-
ur-i r.), berZenauli, doGlauri, badiuri(qareli r.) gudauri (Kaz-
gula-urur (1655 w.), gulia-ur
ur-i ur (1568 w.), deva-ur
ur-i ur (XVI-XVII
ur-i begis r.), Coxatauri, guTuri, ianeuli, Cakitauri, qadagauri,
ss.), diGmela-urur (1524 w.), Tormane-ul
ur-i ul (XVII s.), gvaza-ur
ul-i ur-i
ur Svelaur-cicibauri, gogouri, goraberejouli (Coxatauris r.),
(XVII s.), islama-ur
ur (1662 w.), maxara-ul
ur-i ul (1467 w.), manana-ur
ul-i ur-
ur pertuli (senakis r.), palouri (walenJixis r.), gvazauri, uZ-
i (1700 w.), maCxa--ur-i
ur (XVII s.), nadira-ul
ul (1614 w.), sapona-
ul-i louri, dedalauri, besiauri, xarabauli (xonis r.), besiauri
ur (XVII s.) da mr. sxvani.
ur-i (wKaltubos r.), osiauri (xaSuris r.), begiauri, kalauri, bu-
saKuradGeboa, rom -ulul daboloeba dasturdeba zog iseT nikauri, xalifauri, Cxirauli, gezruli (yiaTuris r.), xelva-
fuZesTanac, romlebic r Tanxmovans ar Seicaven. aseTebia, maga- Cauri, maxvilauri, Todogauri, maxinJauri, salibauri (xelvaCa-
liTad, mikrotoponimebi: ivanaZe-ul ul mamuli (1559 w.), ivane-
ul-i uris r.), kolotauri, arsenauli, gundauri, salibauri, kanta-
ul nasasaxlevi (1684 w.)...
ul-i uri, kokotauri (qedis r.), gogmaCauri, varJanauli, kobalauri
am tipis mikrotoponimebi praqtikulad gavrcelebuli Cans (qobuleTis r.), wankalauri, goginauri, lomanauri, iakobauri,
TiTqmis Kvela regionSi: kaxeT-hereTSi, qarTlSi, samcxe-JavaxeTSi, quTauri, oladauri, JumuSauri, buTurauli, myedluri, niga-
mTiuleTSi, imereTSi, raya-leCxumSi, guriaSi, samegreloSi... zeuli, foTelauri, varJanauli, xiyauri, gundauri, oqropila-
moxsenebaSi daismis sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, rom -urur//-
//-ul da-
ur// uri (Suaxevis r.), bozauri, qurduli, KinCauri, gurZauli,
boloebiani mikrotoponimebis nawili iolad SeiZleboda gada- boZauri, danisparauli, fuSrukauli, maxalakauri, (xulos r.),
qceuliKo oikonimebad (daba-sofelTa saxelebad). marTlac, Ta- yorbauli, Tormaneuli, muxauri (Kofili znauris r.), yayamu-
namedrove saqarTvelo mofenilia am sufiqsebiT gaformebuli ri, wifTauri, kitriuli (axalgoris r.), pantnauri, Cxarauli,
iseTi oikonimebiT, rogoricaa: Ziguri (abaSis r.), gorguli lacauri, xoSuri, Sulauri, Seleuri, guJabauli, niniauri
(adigenis r.), bolaJauri, namiauri (iqve), ambrolauri (raya), (cxinvalis r.), sinaguri (Javis r.).
Zirageuli, bugeuli, barguli (ambrolauris r.), CofCauri, ba- TiToeuli es oikonimi sagangebo kvlevas moiTxovs, rac mo-
baneuli, Careqauli, qistauri, osiauri (axmetis r.), foladau- mavlis saqmea.
ri (bolnisis r.), Targameuli (martvilis r.), kalauri (gurJa-
anis r.), ananuri, pavleuri, gognauri, manaseuri, fasanauri,
bulaCauri (duSeTis r.), kuSubauri, maisauri, inaSauri (vanis
r.), dilikauri, rodinauli (zestafonis r.), kurdGelauri,
Salauri (Telavis r.), maCitauri, kakabouri, odilauri (Ter-
Jolis r.), Cobalauri (kaspis r.), onanuri (lagodexis r.),
gvimblauri, gaguri (lanCxuTis r.), rcxmeluri, mananauri
(lentexis r.), marneuli (daba), mSvidobauri, silauri, niabau-

28 29
Teimuraz gvancelaZe kuri warmoeba, romelic aqamde ar Kofila specialuri anali-
zis sagani. es aris a…-
a… specialuri prefiqsisa da `kvlav~ zmni-
afxazuri
afxazuri zmnis kidev erTi morfologiur-
morfologiur-modaluri sarTis semantikis gadmomcemi -xx sufiqsis erToblivi gamoKene-
kategoriis Sesaxeb biT nawarmoebi formebi. magaliTad:
(winaswari cnoba) aa, u -o…
o…-wabˆrgˆ-xˆ
o…- xˆ-m,
xˆ axa... (d. gulia) `diax, es yeSma-
riteba gana (rogorGa) ar aris, magram...~
1. afxazuri enis winamorbed mkvlevarTa, gansakuTrebiT ki
afSmaca, urT rTaxca uha rˆ‚xˆ ˆmjka aZˆ d-aaŸ-nrˆj-
akad. q. lomTaTiZis naSromebSi naCvenebia am enis zmnuri for-
x-…az (d. gulia) `maspinZlebi da maTi axloblebi udGegrZe-
maTwarmoebis gansakuTrebuli sirTule, rasac ganapirobebs
leblad vinmes rogorGa (gana) gauSvebdnen?!~
Semdegi mizezebi:
esma usg½ˆ u auxa d-aaŸ-ca-xx-Ÿaz! (d. gulia) `im GamiT es-
a) afxazurma enam dakarga monoklasovani uGvlilebis sis-
ma mainc rogorGaa (gana) daiZinebda?!~
tema da ganiviTara poliklasovan-polipersonaluri uGvlile-
bis sistema, rac gulisxmobs subieqtisa da nebismieri obieq- ayKandar akˆ dargaat, axa apap u -aaŸ-idˆr-xx-Ÿaz (d.
tis srul asaxvas zmnur formaSi; gulia) `episkoposi raGacam gaabraza, magram es mGvdels gana
b) afxazur enas ar axasiaTebs aramcTu daGestnur enaTa- ecodineboda?!~ da a. S.
Tvis niSandoblivi saxelTa brunebis uaGresad detalizebuli rogorc am magaliTebidanac Cans, saanalizo zmnuri for-
sistemis, aramed CerqezulSi warmodgenili brunebis umartive- mebi Seesabameba qarTulis `rogorGa~, `gana~ leqsemebTan da-
si sistemis analogiuri warmoebac ki, rac afxazur enaSi kom- kavSirebul zmnebs (upiratesad kavSirebiTi kilos formebs).
pensirebulia lokalur preverbTa urTulesi sistemis arsebo- isini afxazur winadadebebSi Kvelaze xSirad mapirispirebeli
biT (SedarebisaTvis: daGestnur enebSi dasturdeba 50-80 Tan- axa `magram~ kavSiris momdevno poziciaSi gvxvdeba. aGsaniSnavia
debuliani brunva, xolo afxazurSi warmodgenilia imave seman- isic, rom afxazuri zmnis amgvari formebi mudam infinituria.
tikis gadmomcemi 90-mde lokaluri preverbi); zmnur formaSi a…-a… prefiqss zmnis Tavidan meore adgili
g) afxazuri ena Garibia TandebulebiT da ar moepoveba uyiravs da mudam mosdevs subieqtis an obieqtis d-s rigis
nacvalsaxelTa Tu zmnisarTTa, nawilakTa da kavSirTa didi prefiqsebs, xolo -xx sufiqsi KovelTvis zmnis Zirs mosdevs.
Jgufi, romelTa semantika gadmoicema zmnur fuZeSi inkorpo- saanalizo formebi ewarmoebaT rogorc statikur, ise di-
rirebuli afiqsebis meSveobiT da a. S. namikur zmnebs, dinamikuri zmna gardauvalic SeiZleba iKos da
am mizezTa gamo afxazur enas ganuviTarda sagangebo afiq- gardamavalic. nakvTeulis formaTagan es kategoria gvxvdeba
sebiT gamoxatuli imgvari morfologiur-modaluri kategorie- awmKos, an namKo usrulis infinitur warmoebebSi.
bi, romelTa semantika sxva enebSi Cveulebriv leqsikuri saSua-
lebebiT gamoixateba.
2. miuxedavad imisa, rom afxazuri enis morfologiur-mo-
daluri kategoriebi sakmaod detaluradaa gamokvleuli, saana-
lizo am dargSi Jer kidev bevri rCeba. konkretul enobriv ma-
salaze dakvirvebam saSualeba mogvca, gamovKoT erTi specifi-

30 31
elene giunaSvili zmnuri formebis saKovelTao integrireba SeiZleba ganixile-
bodes saSualo sparsulis (da zogadad, dasavluri saSualo
Sedge
Sedgeni
dgenili
nili zmnebis
zmnebis kvle
kvlevis
vis saki
sakiTxe
kiTxebi
Txebisa
bisaTvis
saTvis iranuli enebis) inovaciad.
adre
adre saSu
saSua
Sualo sparsul
sparsulSi
sulSi saSualo sparsuli zmnis aGweriTi gramatikuli forme-
bidan calke kategoriad gamoKofilia `rTuli zmnebi~ (В. С.
saSualo sparsuli, romelic parTulTan erTad ganekuTvne- Расторгуева, Среднеперсидский Язык, Москва, 1966, стр. 84; (В. С.
ba saSualo iranul enaTa Jgufis dasavlur Stos, gansakuTrebu- Расторгуева, E. K. Moлчанова, Среднеперсидский Язык, Основы
li intensivobiT Seiswavleba ukanskneli aTwleulebis manZilze. Иранского Языкознания, Москва, стр. 135-136 ; W. Sundermann, Mittel-
misi evoluciis sakiTxebs mieZGvna vrceli samecniero li-
persisch, pp.151-152) romlebic Sedgeba ori komponentisgan: arse-
teratura (am SromaTa bibliografia ix. v. zundermanis gramati-
biTi, zedsarTavi an nazmnari saxelisa da damoukidebeli (um-
kul narkvevSi _ W.Sundermann, Mittelpersisch, Compendium Linguarum
Tavresad gardamavali tipis) zmnebisagan, rogoricaa kardan-
Iranicarum, 1989, Wiesbaden, pp. 138-164). magram, aGsaniSnavia, rom am
“keTeba”, dādan “micema, boZeba”, burdan“motana” da sxv.
enis gramatikuli struqturisa da morfosintaqsis bevri mniSvne-
ukve adre saSualo sparsul werilobiT ZeglebSi – mani-
lovani sakiTxi Jer kidev ar aris saTanadod gamokvleuli.
qeur teqstebiSi (III s. Cv. w.), sasanur warwerebsa da siriuli
Kvelaze ufro metad es exeba zmnis kategorias. adresa-
fsalmunis saSualo sparsul TargmanSi (IV s. Cv. w.) vlindeba
Sualo sparsulSi da SedarebiT gviandel teqstebSi dadas-
rTuli zmnebis TvalsaCino modelebi, romlebic konteqstebis
turebuli zmnuri formebi umTavresad ganixileboda istori-
Sesabamisad an gramatikul formas gadmoscems (magaliTad, āfrīn
ul-etimologiur aspeqtSi, anu ZiriTadi KuradGeba eTmoboda
kardan “xotbis Sesxma~, romelSic āfrīn aris pirdapiri damateba),
prezensis (awmKo drois) fuZeTa analizs da maT mimarTebebs
an zmnuri frazeologizmebis Sesabamisia.
Zvel iranul prezensis klasebTan.
moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia rTuli zmnebis semantikuri da dis-
drois, aspeqtis, valentobisa da kilos gramatikuli ka-
tribuciuli analizi adre saSualo sparsulis masalis mixedviT.
tegoriebi, rogorc wesi, ganixileboda mokled da zogadad.
saSualo sparsuli werilobiTi Zeglebis axali kritikuli
gamocemebi realur safuZvels qmnis misi gramatikuli realiebis
evoluciuri procesebis axleburi gaazrebisa da Sesabamisad, mi-
si istoriuli ganviTarebis axleburi interpretaciisTvis. giorgi gogolaSvili
analitizmi saSualo sparsulis gramatikuli struqtu-
ris erT-erTi mTavari maxasiaTebelia. Zveli iranuli dro-as- kidev erTxel -ia daboloebis Taobaze -ad da -am
peqturi sistemis kompleqsuri morfologiuri tipi, romelic TemisniSnian zmnaTa I TurmeobiTis formaTa Soris
Sedgeboda zmnur fuZeTa da saTanadod fleqsiur formaTa
triqotomiisagan (prezensi-aoristi-perfeqti), Secvlili iKo Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo enis normebis mixed-
awmKo da namKo drois zmnur fuZe da pirian formaTa binaru- viT | TurmeobiTSi paralelur formaTagan _ dau xatavs º da-
dauxatavs da-
li paradigmatuli opoziciiT, romlebSic awmKos formebi xatia _ meore (ia
uxatia ia daboloebiani) varianti miCneulia arali
arali-
li-
fleqsiuria, xolo namKosi _ analitikuri. perifrastuli tera
teratu rulad (`ukugdebul unda iqneso~).
raturu
turulad

32 33
 1970-1976 wlebSi prof. z. yumburiZis mier gamoiTqva az- nino doliZe
ri, rom `--av da -am Temis
TemisniS
misniSni
niSnian
nian zmnaTa
zmnaTa I Tur
Turmeo
urmeobi
meobiTis
biTis ori-
ori-
vegva
vegvari
vari warmoe
warmoeba sali
salite
litera
teratu
raturo
turo enaSi
enaSi dasaS
dasaSve
saSvebad
vebad unda
unda iq-
iq- ayarul
ayarul da gurul dialeqtTa leqsikis
nes miCne
miCneuli mogvianebiT am sakiTxs SevexeT ramdenime na-
Cneuli~. urTierTmimarTebisaTvis
urTierT mimarTebisaTvis
SromSi (2000, 2001, 2007 wlebSi). Cveni azri aseTi iKo: `ia ia (al. Glontis `qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sitKvis
daboloebian formebs (daumalia, unaxia... davumalivar, vunaxi- konaSi~ warmodgenili masalebis mixedviT)
var...) unda moexsnas akrZalva da isinic miCneuli unda iqnen
saliteraturo enis kuTvnilebad~. msgavsi Tvalsazrisi gamoT- Kvela qarTveluri enisTvis, Cveulebriv, leqsikis sami fe-
qves d. meliqiSvilma (2001 w.), r. saGinaZem |2007 w.), r. zeqa- naa damaxasiaTebeli:
laSvilma (2008 w.)... warmodgenil naSromebSi aris safuZvlia- 1. Zireuli (saerToqarTveluri) leqsika;
ni cda am Tvalsazrisis dasabuTebisa. miuxedavad amisa, normis 2. mxolod ama Tu im qarTveluri enisTvis specifikuri
cvlilebis sakiTxs oficialuri mxardayera ar hqonia. ufro leqsemebi;
metic, axlaxan gamoqveKnda S. afridoniZis werili, romelSic 3. nasexsebi leqsika:
am azris `oponentebisa Tu kritikosebis~ mimarT sakmaod ara- a) urTierTsesxeba qarTvelur enebs Soris;
mecnieruli, arakoreqtuli damokidebulebis gamomjGavnebiT b) ucxoenovani sesxeba qarTvelur enebSi.
aris survili Cveni azris uarKofisa; Tumca avtors aranairi igive iTqmis dialeqtTa leqsikuri fondis Sesaxebac.
seriozuli argumenti saamisod ar warmoudgenia. amJerad Cven ganvixilavT qarTuli enis mxolod or kilos:
Cven kidev erTxel vsvamT sakiTxs amgvarad: aris Tu ara Se- ayarulsa da guruls, sadac erTmaneTisagan ganirCeva mTisa
saZlebeli (da aucilebelic) arsebuli normis Secvla, Tu re- (zemoayaruli, zemoguruli) da baris (qvemoayaruli, qvemogu-
aluri enobrivi viTareba amis safuZvels iZleva? TiTqmis sau- ruli) metKveleba. pirvel SemTxvevaSi iZebneba analogiuri vi-
kunis winandeli normebi SeiZleba Tu ara dGevandeli viTare- Tareba aGmosavleT saqarTvelos dialeqtebTan, xolo meore
bis Sesabamisad gaswordes? qarTulma saenaTmecniero sazoga- SemTxvevaSi _ dasavleT saqarTvelos dialeqtebTan.
doebam principuli pozicia unda daiyiros _ norma ar aris `ayarulis Taviseburebani Seapiroba Jer kolxuri, Semdeg
mudmivi da ucvleli fenomeni. gavixsenoT arnold Ciqobavas mesxur-klarJuli da guruli dialeqtebis garemocvam, bolos
Segoneba: `ar unda dagvaviwKdes, rom saliteraturo qarTuli ki _ TurqTa asimilatoruli politikis gatarebis Sedegad _
ena, rogorc Koveli cocxali ena, ucvleli ver iqneba. amocana Turqulis Zlierma zegavlenam. aqve SeimCneva zanuris substra-
isaa, rom cvlis es procesi mizanSewonilad warvmarToT: Sevi- tis kvalic~ (v. Tofuria).
narCunoT da davicvaT Kvelaferi, rac faseuli Seuqmnia qar- prof. al. Glontis cnobil naSromSi `qarTul kilo-Tqma-
Tuli enis mravalsaukunovan istorias, erTi mxriT. meorecaa Ta sitKvis kona~ cal-calkea ilustrirebuli mxolod ayaru-
da saliteraturo qarTul enas SevunarCunoT saTanado kavSi- li an mxolod guruli leqsemebi, saerTo masala Setanilia
ri cocxali xalxuri metKvelebis uSret wKarosTan~. aGniSvniT ayar. gur an gur.
ayar.-gur. ayar garda amisa, sakmao raode-
gur.-ayar.
nobiTaa sxva dialeqtebTan saerTo monacemebi.
gvrCeba STabeydileba, rom qvemoayarulisa da qvemoguru-
lis SemTxvevaSi (anu im metKvelebisa, romlis warmomadgenelic

34 35
gaxldaT Tavad cnobili leqsikologi) Kvelaferi rigze ar lali ezugbaia
aris leqsikonSi. magaliTad, mxolod ayaruli dialeqtis kuT-
vnilebadaa miCneuli iseTi leqsemebi, romlebic imave formiTa Tavisebur zmnaTa kompiuteruli
da semantikiT gvxvdeba qvemogurulSi da zogJer zemogurul- aGwerisaTvis
Sic (iSviaTad sxvaganac).
aforva _ obis mokideba, daobeba
afor qarTuli zmnis kompiuteruli damuSavebisas aGmoCnda, rom
afungva _ aSla, areva, awewva Tavisebur zmnaTa raodenoba gacilebiT metia, vidre es aGnus-
bazi _ Sxamiani didi mweri
bazi xulia specialur literaturaSi. sicxadisaTvis SevexebiT
blaCuCuni _ blacuni
blaCuni uGlebis paradigmebis agebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs erTi
bloqi qini _ gaJavrebiT, xmamaGla da usiamovno xmiT
bloqini Taviseburi zmnis magaliTze.
laparaki gav-s, mi-
h-gav- gav-s, mi-
mi-a-gav- gav-s formebSi gamoiKofa gav-
mi-u-gav- gav fu-
wiwva _ gadaweva, gadaGunva
gadawiw
gadawiwva Ze. formebi statikuria. h-gav- gav-s, mi- gav-s neitraluri versiis
mi-a-gav-
burkva _ xilisTvis kurkis gacla
gamobur
gamoburkva orpiriani zmnebia, xolo mi- gav-s _ sasxviso versiis orpi-
mi-u-gav-
gapiw
gapiwki
piwkine neba _ kargad Sewva, gamocxoba, dabrawva
kineba riani, magram samvalentiani zmna. magaliTad, `bavSvsbavSvs awiTlebu-
gapki
gapkia
pki a ba _ gaprialeba, gawmenda, gasufTaveba
leba
le li cxviri boloks
boloks miugavs~ _ winadadebaSi ori saxeli dgas
garaw
garawku
rawkune neba _ gawkaruneba
kuneba micemiT brunvaSi, magram boloks
boloks pirmiumarTavia, anu ubralo
dabi
dabina
binaveveba _ qalis gaTxoveba, axal oJaxSi moxvedra...
naveba damatebaa.
da sxva mravali. cxadia, samsave formas sakuTari paradigma aqvs awmKoSi,
formalurad erTi da igive leqsema ayarulsa da gurulSi uwKvetelsa da awmKos kavSirebiTSi, xolo danarCen mwkrivebSi
sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiTac SeiZleba ixmarebodes, magram zogJer sxva fuZeebi gamoiKeneba: msgavs-, mgvan romelTa warmomavloba
msgavs mgvan-,
arc amis Sesaxebaa miTiTebuli `qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sitKvis ko- h-gav-s formis kauzatiur formebTan unda iKos dakavSirebuli
naSi~ (ba
bala
balaga gani ayarulad `saTivea~, xolo gurulad _ `yaobi~).
lagani (T. uTurgaiZe).
zemoaGniSnuli viTareba, vfiqrobT, gamowveuli unda iKos kompiuteruli modelirebis dros paradigmis farglebSi
imiT, rom ayaruli leqsikonebi gacilebiT metia da mraval- sacnauria erTi fuZe, romelic fuZeTa bazebSia ganTavsebuli.
mxrivi, xolo guruli, samwuxarod, sul oriodea (s. jGentisa rogorc ki Tavs iCens gansxvavebuli fuZe, masTan dakavSirebu-
da g. SaraSiZisa) da isic fragmentuli xasiaTisa. li formebi damoukidebel paradigmad aGiqmeba. es niSnavs, rom
mravlobiTSi dafiqsirebuli formebic h-gvan- gvan-an,
an mi-
mi-a-gvan-
gvan-an,
an
mi- gvan-an ver gaerTiandeba gav-
mi-u-gvan- gav fuZis paradigmaSi, radgan
S3P-Si mas enacvleba gvan-
gvan fuZe, romelSic -an an elements sxvada-
sxva kvalifikacia eniyeba: a. SaniZe Temis niSnad miiCnevda,
l. kiknaZe _ mediumTa maaqtivebel elementad, xolo T. uTur-
gaiZis azriT, -an iseTive makauzebeli elementia, rogoricaa:
-ol, -un, -en da Kvela sufiqsi, v. Tofurias mier gamoKofil
fuZedrekad zmnebSi.

36 37
 gav fuZesTan dakavSirebiT sxva problemac iCens Tavs. ro-
gav- Tan da ara gezis kategoriasTan, rasac adasturebs wa- zmniswi-
gorc iTqva, h-gav-
gav-s da mi- gav-s neitraluri versiis umaqcev-
mi-a-gav niani formebi, sadac wa-
wa zmniswins odna
odnao Tobis semantika
naobiTo
biTobis
ro da maqcevriani formebia, anu orive manqanurad ase Caiwere- Semoaqvs da aranairi kavSiri ara aqvs gezTan.
ba 3-1-1, sadac 3 gvaris simboloa, pirveli 1 _ qcevis simbo- amdenad, marto am erTi zmnis analizisas Cndeba mTeli ri-
lo, meore 1 _ mwkrivisa. magram Koveli konkretuli cifri gi formobrivi da semantikuri maxasiaTeblebisa, romelTa ga-
gulisxmobs mxolod erT formas, erT morfemas. paraleluri uTvaliswineblad SeuZlebelia zmnis srulKofili manqanuri
formis cneba kompiuterisTvis ucxoa. Sesabamisad h-gav- gav-s da aGwera. rac ufro Taviseburia zmna, teqnikurad miT ufro
mi- gav-s zmnaTa paradigmebis asagebad sayiro xdeba gav-
mi-a-gav- gav fuZis rTulia zmnuri paradigmebis ageba, amitomac zmnur fuZeTa ba-
orJer Setana fuZeTa bazaSi, ra Tqma unda, sxvadasxva numera- zebi amave dros paradigmatul tipTa bazebs warmoadgens, ro-
ciiT. es ukanaskneli gansazGvravs, Tu romel paradigmatul melTa raodenoba Cvens SemTxvevaSi aTass aGemateba.
maxasiaTeblebTan unda moxdes fuZis bma. rac Seexeba mi-
mi-u-gav-
gav-s
formas, is Caiwereba ase: 3-3-1, sadac meore samiani sasxviso
qcevis simboloa. amJerad, sasxviso qcevis paradigma miebmeba
orJer Setanili gav-gav fuZidan erT-erTs, kerZod, maqcevriani
gubaz vaniliSi
mi- gav-s zmnis paradigmas. pirobiTad, gavɑ-
mi-a-gav- gav fuZe mogvcems
gav-s zmnis paradigmas, xolo gavɑɑ-
h-gav- gav fuZe _ mi- mi-a-gav-
gav-s ~ mi-
mi-u- 100 wlis lazi
lazi Semoqme
Semoqmedi
qmedi
gav-s formaTa paradigmebs.
gav-
paradigmatuli sxvaoba amiT ar amoiwureba. mi- mi-u-gav-
gav-s mimdinare wels 100 weli Seusruldeboda mwerals, sazo-
zmnis paradigma pirnaklia, anu dasaSvebia S3O1, S3O2, S3O3 kombi- gado moGvawes, publicistsa da mTargmnels muxamed vaniliSs
naciebi, magram ara gvaqvs S1O2, S1O3, S2O1, S2O3 kombinaciebi, ro- (1908-1997). igi daibada sof. sarfSi, sadac Turquli dawKebi-
goricaa *mi mi-
mi-m-i-gav- xar *mi
gav-xar, mi-
mi-u-gav- xar *mi
gav-xar, mi-
mi-v-u-gav-
gav-{v}ar...
ar rac Ti skolis (maSin sarfSi da ayaris sxva zogierT sofelSi
Seexeba mi- gav-s zmnas, qarTuli enis orTografiul leqsi-
mi-a-gav- swavla Turqul enaze mimdinareobda) damTavrebis Semdeg swav-
konSi Setanilia misi formebi Kvela kombinaciaSi, Tumca mxo- la ganagrZo q. xofis saSualo skolaSi, romelic daasrula
lod wa-wa zmniswiniT: wa- wa-a-gav-
gav-xar,
xar wa-
wa-v-a-gavar
gavar,
var wa- gavxar da
wa-m-a-gavxar 1927 wels. 1928-1932 wlebSi swavlobda baTumis muSfakSi.
a. S. mi-
mi zmniswinianTan mxolod mesame piris formebia miTiTe- 30-ian wlebSi m. vaniliSma gamoaqveKna lazuri folklo-
buli. vfiqrobT, aqac unda davuSvaT msgavsi formebi. ris nimuSebi, statiebi lazebis Kofa-cxovrebaze, werilebi sa-
saKuradGeboa zmniswinTa ganawilebis sakiTxic. erTi mxriv, rfeli, oCamCireli da gudauTeli lazebis saqmianobis Sesaxeb.
dasaSvebia: mo- gav-s, mo-
mo-h-gav- gav-d-a, mo-
mo-h-gav- av-d-es formebi, mag-
mo-h-gav- 1936 wlidan muxamed vaniliSi muSaobda ayaris avtono-
ram mo-
mo zmniswins TiTqos ver hguobs sxva kombinaciebi: *mo mo-
mo-v- miuri respublikis ganaTlebis saxalxo komisris moadgiled,
var *mo
gavar
gavar, mo-
mo-h-gav- xar aseve dasaSvebia: mi-
gav-xar... gav-s, mi-
mi-a-gav- gav-d-a,
mi-a-gav- xolo Semdeg _ xelovnebis saqmeTa sammarTvelos ufrosad da
mi- gav-d-e-s, magram ara Cans: mi-
mi-a-gav- mi-v-a-gavar
gavar,
var mi- gav-xar forme-
mi-a-gav- samxedro saSefo komisiis TavmJdomared, religiis saqmeTa sa-
byos rwmunebulad, ayaris advokatTa kolegiis prezidiumis
bi, Tumca Cven maT vuSvebT. TavisTavad korelacia mi- mi-a-gav-
gav-s ~
TavmJdomared, mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis direqtorad, ayaris
mo gav--s, aseve mi
mo--h-gav mi--u-gav
gav--s ~ mo gav--s xazs usvams maqcevrisa
mo--h-gav
kulturis saministros saleqcio biuros direqtorad, baTumis
da piris niSnis monacvleobis kavSirs orientaciis kategorias-
38 39
pedagogiuri institutis biblioTekis gamged. narkvevis istoriul mimoxilvaSi xazgasmulia lazebis sa-
muxamed vaniliSi iKo Tavisi qveKnis patrioti. mkacri xelmwifoebrivi niyi da politikuri gamyriaxoba warsulSi,
rejimis periodSi, roca sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo, sabyoTa kav- agreTve maTi guladoba da samSoblosaTvis Tavdadeba.
SirSi xdeboda xalxebis masiuri gasaxlebebi, gadawKda eTnografiul nawilSi ganxilulia ekonomikuri mdgoma-
sazGvrispira sofel sarfidanac gaesaxlebinaT lazebi, muxamed reoba (miwaTmoqmedeba, mebaGeoba, lazuri sakvebi, meTevzeoba,
vaniliSi maSinve Cavida moskovSi da Koveli Gone ixmara, raTa xelosnoba), sazogadoebrivi Kofa (saoJaxo urTierToba, lazu-
es sakiTxi moxsniliKo dGis wesrigidan. ri saxli, Cacmuloba), xalxuri wes-Cveulebani (mSobiaroba, ak-
60-ze meti wlis ganmavlobaSi muxamed vaniliSi eweoda vnis qorwili, bavSvis aGzrda, garToba-TamaSobani, qalis da-
aqtiur sazogadoebriv-politikur da saganmanaTleblo saqmia- niSvna, qorwili, qalis mdgomareoba, samgloviaro rituali),
nobas. iKo maGalkvalificiuri leqtori, mkvlevari, ganaTle- rwmena-warmodgenebi (axali wlis Sexvedra, nadiroba, kabis
bis, kulturis, xelovnebis, saqarTvelos istoriis dargSi. is `gamokoyva~), xalxuri sitKviereba (Sairebi, naduri simGerebi,
kargad flobda Turqul, arabul da rusul enebs, eweoda satrfialo leqsebi, Tqmulebebi, gamocanebi).
mTargmnelobiT muSaobas. lazur enaze werda leqsebsa da pie- eTnografiul nawilSi saKuradGeboa lazur-megruli
sebs, romlebic maSin didi mowonebiT sargeblobdnen laz mo- adaT-Cvevebis msgavseba, miuxedavad mosaxleobis saukuneobrivi
saxleobaSi. niyier Semoqmeds gamoqveKnebuli aqvs piesebi `cud gaTiSvisa.
sizmrebs xedaven~ da `muradis loToba~, moTxroba `zeqie~ da avtorTa gancxadebiT, `lazeTis istoriuli warsuli
sxva. myidrod aris dakavSirebuli Zveli kolxeTis istoriasTan.
Targmanebs Soris gansakuTrebul KuradGebas imsaxurebs Zveli kolxeTis samefoSi, ZiriTadad, mosaxleobda qarTvelu-
mcire formis Turquli Segonebebi `mamaTa darigebani~. isini ri modgmis ori monaTesave tomi _ laz-yanebi da manral-me-
gamoirCeva aforistuli sicxadiTa da azris siGrmiT. magali- grelebi (egriselebi), romlebic metKvelebdnen zanurad wode-
Tad: `siGaribe sircxvili ar aris, sizarmacea sircxvili~, bul erT enaze~.
`GamiT Gvino, dGisiT nardi _ gelodeba dardi~, `saqmis gayi- wignSi motanilia inglisis elCis J. palgrevis cnoba imis
anureba ucodinarobis Sedegia~, `saymeli ixarSeba wKliT, Sesaxeb, rom trapizonis mosaxleobis raodenoba, oficialuri
sitKva _ mofiqrebiT~. dokumentebiT, 850 aTass aGwevda, maT Soris 56 aTasi qristia-
muxamed vaniliSma mravalwliani samecniero Semoqmedebi- ni iKo. muslimanuri mosaxleobis umravlesobas lazebi Sead-
Ti muSaobis Sedegad moiZia da daamuSava masalebi da ali Tan- gendnen. `es mSvenieri rasaa, isini arian kargi miwaTmoqmedni
dilavasTan erTad moamzada istoriul-eTnografiuli narkvevi da gamocdili mezGvaurebi~.
`lazeTi~, romelic daibeyda 1964 wels. naSromis redaqtoria saintereso cnobebs gvawvdis Turqi mogzauri osman bei,
prof. sergi makalaTia (recenzentebi prof. daviT xaxutaiSvi- romelmac 1864 wels imogzaura lazeTSi. misi gadmocemiT,
li da prof. rusudan xaraZe). `wigni miznad isaxavs, mkiTxvels trapizoni lazebis mTavari qalaqia, geografiuli Tvalsazri-
gaacnos lazeTis istoria da eTnografia. amdenad, narkvevi siT igi lazeTis sataxto qalaqs warmoadgens, romelSic mo-
warmoadgens pirvel cdas da igi qarTul saistorio mwerlo- saxleoba Sereulia _ umravlesobas Seadgenen lazebi, cxovro-
baSi udavod win gadadgmuli nabiJia. misasalmebelia is faq- ben berZnebic.
tic, rom avtorebi lazebi arian~ (s. makalaTia). lazebi SromismoKvareni arian. vayrobasa da zGvaosnoba-

40 41
Si isini did metoqeobas uweven sxva tomebs. maTi xomaldebi Tamar vaSakiZe
Kvela mimarTulebiT dacuraven. isini kargi gemTmSeneblebi
arian, daxelovnebulni arian, agreTve, spilenZisa da TiTbris koor
koordi
ordina
dinaci
naciis
ciis siste
sistemi
temisa
misaTvis
saTvis Tana
Tanamed
namedro
medrove
rove
yurylis keTebaSi... dasasruls osman-bei aGwers lazebis Cacmu- qarTul
qarTulSi
TulSi
lobas, rac, misi azriT, ar gansxvavdeba ayarul-gurulisagan.
1. martivi winadadebis sintaqsuri meqanizmis axsna koor-
giorgi Kazbegi, romelmac lazeTSi imogzaura, wers:
dinaciis safuZvelze (Zveli qarTulis mixedviT) warmogvidgina
`zGvispira lazebis silamaze adamians TvalSi ecema. isini go-
arn. Ciqobavam. Semdeg am sakiTxs sxva mkvlevrebic Seexnen.
nebrivi ganaTlebiTa da garegnuli sifaqiziT gamoirCevian...
2. Tanamedrove qarTulSi (iseve, rogorc ZvelSi) marti-
aqauri qalebi lamazni, tanadni arian da, Cveulebriv, cisferi
vi winadadebis sami tipi gvaqvs: absolutur-gardauvalzmniani,
Tvalebi da TeTri pirsaxe aqvT. amasTanave, lazi qalebi araC-
relatiur-gardauvalzmniani da relatiur-gardamavalzmniani.
veulebrivi energiiT, guladobiTa da mtkice xasiaTiT gamoir-
sintaqsuri meqanizmis TvalsazrisiT aGsaniSnavia Semdegi: a)
Cevian~.
relatiur-gardamavalzmniani winadadebis zmna da saxelebi er-
`lazeTis~ avtorebi warCinebuli sagvareuloebis Sesaxe-
TmaneTs ukavSirdeba koordinaciis safuZvelze. zmnuri zmnuri koor
koor-
or-
bac weren. magaliTad, makrialsa da limanSi zumbaiebi da mane-
nati (ZiriTadi koordinati) marTavs saxe
dina
dinati saxelur
xelur koor
koordi
ordina
dina-
na-
liSvilebi Kofilan begebi, muradoGli, anu muradiSvili _
tebs _ morfologiur subieqtsa da morfologiur obieqtebs _
buJaGSi, orTaxofasa da sunduraSi. begebi Kofilan agreTve
brunvaSi. es ukanasknelni marTaven zmnur koor koordidinats piris
ordinats
SalikaSvilebi da jordaniebi.
mixedviT da iTanxmeben mas ricxvSi (zogi gamonaklisis garda);
`lazeTis~ Turqul enaze Targmna da misi `lazebis isto-
b) relatiur-gardauvalzmniani winadadebis saxe saxelu
xeluri
luri koor
koor-
or-
riis~ saxelwodebiT TurqeTSi gamocema 1992 wels did movle-
dina
dinate
tebi
nate bi (morfologiuri subieqti da morfologiuri obieq-
nad unda CaiTvalos. am faqtma didi gamoxmaureba hpova sazo-
ti) aseve marTaven zmnas piris mixedviT da iTanxmeben mas ri-
gadoebaSi. mas mravali statia da kritikuli werili uZGvnes
cxvSi (gamonaklisi aqac gvaqvs). saxelur koordinatTagan mo-
Turqulma jurnal-gazeTebma. bevri dadebiTad gamoexmaura am
rfologiuri subieqti saxelobiTi brunvis formiT warmogvid-
movlenas, zogierTi statiis avtori ki... mTavari is aris, rom
geba, xolo morfologiuri obieqti _ micemiTi brgunvis for-
muxamed vaniliSisa da ali Tandilavas wignis Turqul enaze
miT dro-kiloTa samsave JgufSi; g) absolutur-gardauvalzmni-
gamocemis Semdeg Turqma mkiTxvelma gaigo, rom lazi XI sauku-
an winadadebaSi morfologiuri subieqti marTavs zmnas pirSi
neSi Sua aziidan Turq-selJukebTan erTad mosuli Turquli
da iTanxmebs mas ricxvis mixedviT, Tavad ki umarTavia.
modgmis erT-erTi tomi ki ara, Savi zGvis aGmosavleT sanapi-
3. Tanamedrove qarTulSi morfologiuri subieqtisa da
roze mcxovrebi sakuTari istoriis mqone qarTveluri tomi
morfologiuri obieqtebis piri Tu ricxvi xan niSnebiTaa
Kofila mdidari da Sinaarsiani warsuliT, ris Sesaxebac Jer
warmodgenili zmnaSi (mm-xatav-ss is me, m-xatav-en
en isini me, gv-xa-
gv
kidev Cvens welTaGricxvamde werdnen berZeni da sxva ucxoeli
tav-s
s is Cven, gv-xatav-en
gv en isini Cven...), xan _ nuliT (g ∅-
g-xatav-∅
mkvlevar-mogzaurebi.
∅ isini Tqven, an kidev: ∅-∅-∅-uxatav Sen
T is Tqven, g-xatav-en-∅
mas mas...). bunebrivia, niSnian da uniSno (nulovan) formebs
sintaqsurad erTi da igive Zala aqvT.

42 43
 4. Tanamedrove qarTulSi relatiurzmniani martivi (ga- á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÌÆÀÃ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
uvrcobeli) winadadebis wevrebi iqneba: zmnuri koordinati, (ÁØ.) á-ÀÌÀÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌÀÒ-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌÀÒ-ÖÍ-ð-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÌÆÀÃ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
morfologiuri subieqtis Sesabamisi saxeluri koordinati da (ËÛá.) á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-êË-
brunvacvalebadi Tu brunvaucvleli morfologiuri obieqte- æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ê-æÍ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÌÆÀÃ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-
ÄÁ-Ó”).
bis Sesabamisi saxeluri koordinatebi. dama teba gveqneba mxo-
damate
mateba (ËÍÔ.) á-ÀÌÀÒ-æÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌÀÒ-ðË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌÀÒ-ÖÍ-ðË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌÀÒ-
lod erT SemTxvevaSi _ dro-kiloTa mesame seriis nakvTebTan, ÖÍ-ðË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀÌÆÀÃ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
roca samsaxeliani zmnis brunvaucvleli morfologiuri obieq- (ÜË.) á-ÀÌêÒ-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-êË-Í-éÍ-
tis Sesabamisi saxeluri koordinati Tandebulian formad mo- Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-ê-æÍ-éÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-êË-Í-éÍ-êË-Í-Ä (“ÀÌÆÀÃ-
iqceva (miuweria mamas Svilis
lisTvis werili). terminologiuri
SvilisTvis ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
(ÁÆ.) á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÓÚ-ð-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-
TvalsazrisiT aGsaniSnavia, rom mas (Svi
Svilis Tvis SeiZleba ub-
SvilisTvis
lisTvis) ub-
Ä|á-ÀÓÚ-ð-æÍ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÊÄÈ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
ralo aGarc ewodos (aramed _ dama
ralo damate ba), radgan pirdapiri
mateba
teba) (ÁØ.) á-ðÓÚ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÓÚ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ðÓÚ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÓÚ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä
da iribi damatebebis adgils brunvacvalebadi da brunvauc- (“ÀÊÄÈ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
vleli morfologiuri obieqtebis Sesabamisi saxeluri koor- (ËÛá.) á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀÊÄÈ-
dinatebi ikaveben. ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
5. moxsenebaSi ganxiluli iqneba saxeluri koordinatebi (ËÍÔ.) á-ðÓÚ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÓÚ-Ä-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÓÚ-Äæ æ-ðË-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÓÚ-Äæ-ðË-
sidide-simciris mixedviT (pirTa kombinaciebis gaTvaliswine- æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÓÚ-Äæ-ðË-Í-ÖÍ-ðË-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÊÄÈ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
(ÜË.) á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÓÚ-ð-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-
biT). ÖÍ-êË-Í-Ä|á-ÀÓÚ-êË-Í-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä|á-ÀÓÚ-êË-Í-éÍ-êË-Í-Ä|á-
6. Tanamedrove qarTulSi relatiurzmniani martivi (ga- ÀÓÚ-ð-æÍ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä (“ÀÊÄÈ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
uvrcobeli) winadadeba warmoadgens zmnur da saxelur koor- (ÁÆ.) á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä;
dinatTa SesitKvebas. á-ÀÛÚæÃÎê/ëË-Í-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÒÄÝá-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
(ÁØ.) á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÃÄË-
ÀË-Í-ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀÒÄÝá-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
(ËÛá.) á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÃ-ÎÄË-êË-Í-ÖÍ-Ä
(“ÀÒÄÝá-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
(ËÍÔ.) á-ðÛÚæÄÃ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÃ-ÎÄË-ÀË-Í-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÃ-ÎÄË-ðË-
rusudan ioseliani æÍ-ÖÍ-ðË-Í-Ä (“ÀÒÄÝá-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
(ÜË.) á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛÚÃ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä|á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-
ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÅÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÃ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛÚæÃÎëË-êË-Í-éÍ-êË-Í-Ä (“ÀÒÄÝá-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
(ÁÆ.) á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÊÒ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-
1. ÓÀÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÏ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÀÛÉ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉÀ, ÒÏÌ ÄÍÀÛÉ
Ä (“ÀÙÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó ÊÀÒÓ, ×ÀÍãÀÒÀÓ”).
ÈÄÏÒÉÖËÀà ÃÀÓÀÛÅÄÁÉÀ ÌÄÏÒÀÃÉ ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÅÄÁÉÓ ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÄÏ-
(ÁØ.) á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀÙÄÁ-ÉÍ-
ÒÄÁÀ (ÌÀÂ: ÀßÄÒÉÍÄÁÓ → ÀßÄÒÉÍÄÁÉÍÄÁÓ). ÀÍÔÏÍÉ ÐÉÒÅÄËÉÓ `ØÀÒÈÖËÉ
ÙÒÀÌÀÔÉÊÉÓÀ" ÃÀ ÈÀÍÀÌÄÃÒÏÅÄ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÉÓ ÌÏÍÀÝÄÌÈÀ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ ÄÁ-Ó ÊÀÒÓ, ×ÀÍãÀÒÀÓ”).
ÀÓÄÈ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÓ ÀÃÀÓÔÖÒÄÁÄÍ ÓÀÛÖÀË ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ ÃÀ ÈÀÍÀÌÄÃÒÏÅÄ (ËÛá.) á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä
ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉ (È. ÖÈÖÒÂÀÉÞÄ). ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÄÍÀÛÉ ÜÅÄÖËÄÁÒÉÅÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÀÀ (“ÀÙÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó ÊÀÒÓ, ×ÀÍãÀÒÀÓ”).
ÏÒÌÀÂÉ ÊÀÖÆÀÝÉÀ, ÌÄÔÉÝ, ÛÄÉÍÉÛÍÄÁÀ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉ, ÓÀÃÀÝ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ (ËÍÔ.) á-ÀÊÀÒ-Í-Ä|á-ÀÊÀÒ-æ æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÀÒ-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÀÒ-æÍ-ÖÍ-ðË-
ÓÀÌÌÀÂÉ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉÈ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÖËÉ ÊÀÖÆÀÝÉÀ: æÍ-Ä; (“ÀÙÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó ÊÀÒÓ, ×ÀÍãÀÒÀÓ”).
(ÁÆ.) á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä; (ÜË.) á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÊÒ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä

44 45
(“ÀÙÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó ÊÀÒÓ, ×ÀÍãÀÒÀÓ”). guCa kvaracxelia
(ÁÆ.) á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä
(“ÀáÓÄÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”). axal
axal disciplinaTa saerTo Teoriuli
(ÁØ.) á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä (“ÀáÓÄÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”). safuZveli da urTierTmimarTeba
(ËÛá.) á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä
(“ÀáÓÄÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
meoce saukunis meore naxevarSi zedized warmoiSva enaT-
(ËÍÔ.) á-ÀÛÚæÄÍÃ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÄÃ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÄÃ-ÎÄË-ðË-Í-ÖÍ-Ä;
á-ÀÛÚæÄÃ-ÎÄË-ðË-Í-ÖÍ-ðË-Í-Ä (“ÀáÓÄÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”). mecnierebis axali mimarTulebebi, romlebmac enis sistemisadmi
(ÜË.) á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä|á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ- imanenturi midgomis arasakmarisoba gamoavlina. isini Kalibde-
êË-Í-éÍ-Ä (“ÀáÓÄÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”). boda struqturuli enaTmecnierebis erTgvari daZleviTa da
(ÁÆ.) á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÎÒ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ- axlo warsulSi farTod gavrcelebuli lingvistikuri kon-
ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä (“ÀßÄÒ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”). cefciebis kritikiT: a) araadekvaturia enobriv erTeulTa ana-
(ÁØ.) á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä|á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-
lizis Semofargvla enis mxolod modelebisa da struqture-
ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀßÄÒ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
(ËÛá.) á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÎÒ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ- bis TvalsazrisiT; b) calmxrivoba axasiaTebs Teoriebs, romle-
êË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀßÄÒ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”). bic ar iTvaliswineben imas, rom enobrivi urTierToba ormxri-
(ËÍÔ.) á-ðÎÒ-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÀË-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÀË-ÖÍ-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ðË- vi procesia, sadac monawileoben rogorc molaparake (metKve-
ÖÍ-ðË-ÖÍ-æÍ-Ä (“ÀßÄÒ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”). lebis warmomqmneli), ise msmeneli (metKvelebis aGmqmeli);
(ÜË.) á-ðÎÒ-Í-Ä|á-ðÎÒ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-Í-éÍ-Ä|á-ðÎÒ-ÄÍ-êË-Í-Ä|á-
g) komunikacia mxolod mza enobrivi formebis realizacia ar
ðÎÒ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-êË-Í-éÍ-êË-Í-Ä (“ÀßÄÒ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
(ÁÆ.) á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÛá-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä|á-ðÛá-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä; á- aris, aramed am formaTa warmomqmnelicaa. idea momdinareobs
ðÛá-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÛá-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä (“ÀßÅ-ÄÅ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”). v. humboldtisagan, romelic enas ganixilavda rogorc `ukve
(ÁØ.) á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-Í-Ä|á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä Seqmnilis, ukve nawarmoebis~ (`ergonis~) da Seqmnis `procesSi
(“ÀßÅ-ÄÅ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”). mKofis~, `Semoqmedi Zalis~ (`energeis~) dialeqtikur erTiano-
(ËÛá.) á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛá-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛá-êË-æÍ-
bas. amasTanave, mTavari roli am ukanasknels (moqmedebas) eni-
ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀßÅ-ÄÅ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).
(ËÍÔ.) á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÛá-ÉÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-ðË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-ðË-æÍ- yeboda. humboldtis Teoriis aqtualizeba enis axal gagebaSic
ðË-æÍ-Ä (“ÀßÅ-ÄÅ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”). aisaxa _ ena ganisazGvreba ara rogorc niSanTa statikuri sis-
(ÜË.) á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛá-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-Í-Ä|á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-êË-Í-Ä|á-ÀÛá- tema, aramed rogorc sistema realur moqmedebaSi, amasTanave,
êË-Í-éÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛá-êË-Í-éÍ-êË-Í-Ä (“ÀßÅ-ÄÅ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”). adamianTan, metKvel subieqtTan myidro kavSirSic.
ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÅÓ ÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÓ -ÖÍ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉ. ÈÖ ÆÌÍÉÓ ×ÖÞÄ Tanamedrove komunikaciuri Teoriis Tanaxmad, enis Seswav-
ÄÒÈÌÀÒÝÅËÉÀÍÆÄ ÌÄÔÉÀ ÃÀ ÛÄÊÖÌÛÖËÉÀ, ÌÀÛÉÍ -ÖÍ-Ä’Ó ÒÄÃÖØÝÉÀ
la unda mimdinareobdes rogorc Sidaenobrivi, ise gareenob-
ÌÏÓÃÉÓ ÃÀ ÉØÝÄÅÀ -æÍ-Ä’Ã (Å. ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀ).
ÏÒÌÀÂÉ ÃÀ ÓÀÌÌÀÂÉ ÊÀÖÆÀÝÉÉÓ ÌÉÆÄÆÉ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÉÚÏÓ rivi faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, vinaidan isini arsebiTad
ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÖÒÉ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÄÁÉÓ ×ÖÍØÝÉÉÓ ÃÀÊÀÒÂÅÀ. ganapirobeben verbaluri urTierTobis struqturasa da Sina-
arss. cxadia, gareenobrivi faqti enobrivi faqti ar aris, mag-
ram arc am ukanasknelis ganxilvaa SesaZlebeli pirvelis gaTva-
liswinebis gareSe. Sesabamisad, enis analizi xdeba kompleqsu-
ri, xolo analizis sagani _ ufro vrceli. mag., sitKvis mniS-

46 47
venlobis kvlevisas sakmarisi aGar aris sakuTriv enobrivi kon- qologias, miTologias, istoriasa da kulturas im postulat-
teqsti, aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia pragmatikuli kon- ze daKrdnobiT, rom xalxebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian
teqstebi da situacia; sintaqsuri kvlevac scdeba winadadebis samKaros enobrivi suraTiT, msoflxedviT.
farglebs da inacvlebs metKvelebis aqtTa bmul Tanamimdevro- eTno
eTnolin
nolingvis
lingvistitikis wiaGSi narmoiSva lingvo
gvistikis lingvokul
gvokultu
kulturo
turolo
rolo-
lo-
baze anu diskursze, romelic sxvadasxva aspeqtis (pragmatiku- gia romelic erovnuli diskursis specifikur erTeulebs av-
gia,
li, semantikuri, referentuli, emociur-Semfasebluri...) ga- lens da ikvlevs, swavlobs dedaenis rols adamianis Semecne-
Tvaliswinebis saSualebas iZleva. biT moGvaweobaSi. es sfero mas saerTo aqvs kogni kogniti
nitiur
tiur lin-
lin-
enis analizis sferoSi adamianis faqtoris SemoKvanam mniS- gvisti
gvistikas Tan romelsac, Tavsi mxriv, kompi
tikasTan
kasTan, kompiu
piuteru
teruli
ruli lingvis
lingvis-
gvis-
venlovnad gaafarTova lingvistikis horizonti da, amasTanave tika ukavSirdeba: saerTo aspeqtia sxvadasxva codnis enobrivi
tika
gamoiwvia enaTmecnierebis daaxloeba adamianis Semswavlel kategorizacia da konceptualizacia.
iseT disciplinebTan, rogoricaa: fsiqologia, sociologia, fsiqo
fsiqolin
qolingvis
lingvisti
gvistikis
tikis,
kis soci
socio
ciolingvis
lingvisti
gvistikis
tikis,
kis eTno
eTnolin
nolingvis
lingvisti
gvisti-
ti-
eTnologia, istoria, kulturologia, kognitologia, biolo- kis,
kis pragma
pragmalin
malingvis
lingvisti kisa da diskur
gvistiki
tikisa diskursis
kursis Teo riis urTierTga-
Teoriis
gia, nevrologia. maT miJnasa da gadakveTaze warmoiSva inter- dakveTis erT-erT sferos warmoadgens para paralin
ralingvis
lingvisti
gvistika
tika.
ka
disciplinaruli mecnierebebi, romlebic Tanamedrove humani- CamoTvlili Tanamedrove disciplinebTan saerTo proble-
taruli codnis komunikaciur paradigmaSi ganixileba. mebi da kvleviTi interesebi aqvs pragma
pragmalin
malingvis
lingvisti
gvistika sac rome-
tikasac
kasac,
axal disciplinaTa mecnierebaTaSorisi buneba da statusi lic CamoKalibebis procesSia.
gamoxatulebas poulobs TiToeuli maTganis cnebiT aparatsa daskvnisaTvis SeiZleba iTqvas, rom axal interdisciplina-
da kompozitur saxelwodebaSi. maTi urTierTmimarTeba sxva- rul mimarTulebebs aerTianebs anTropomorfizmze, dinamizmze,
dasxvagvaria: funqcionalizmsa da kognitivizmze damKarebuli Sexedulebebi
fsiqo
fsiqolin
qolingvis
lingvisti kisa da soci
gvistiki
tikisa socio
ciolingvis tikis warmoSobas
lingvisti
gvistikis da principebi. verc erT axal disciplinas ver eqvemdebareba
safuZvlad udevs metKvelebis Semdegi ontologiuri daxasia- tradiciuli lingvistika, romelic axlisa da tradiciulis
Teba: metKvelebis aqtis mizani am aqtis gareT Zevs. sametKvelo dapirispirebaSi aramarkirebulad agrZelebs arsebobas, opozi-
qmedeba arasametKvelo qmedebas emsaxureba da amiT aris Sepi- ciis gareT ki ganagrZobs sakuTari problemebisa da konkretu-
robebuli; li sakiTxebis kvlevas im dargebis mixedviT, romlebic istori-
fsiqo
fsiqolin
qolingvis
lingvisti kasa da nei
gvistika
tikasa neirolin
rolingvistikas kvlevis erTi
lingvisti
gvistikas ul procesSi empiriulad CamoKalibda.
ubani aqvT saerTo _ fonologiur, gramatikul, leqsikur da
semantikur moSlilobaTa gamovlena. aq fsiqolingvistika qmnis
Teoriul safuZvels, xolo neirolingvistika specialurad
aris orientirebuli sxvadasxva saxis afaziaTa diagnostikasa
da mkurnalobaze;
gansxvavebuli kuTxiTa da aqcentebiT swavloben socialu-
ri da kulturuli faqtorebis zegavlenas enaze soci socio
ciolin-
lin-
tika da eTno
gvisti
gvistika eTnolin
nolingvis
lingvisti ka es ukanaskneli enobrivi mona-
gvistika
tika.
cemebis meSveobiT Seiswavlis am enaze molaparake xalxis fsi-

48 49
roman lolua vevs Kvela danarCeni grafemis identifikacia; warweris # 3
grafema (muraviovis azriT -z) ufro hgavs albanuri anbanis
kavkasiis albanur warweraTa korpusis # 23 (h); warweris # 6 (l) ~ anbanis # 34 (J?); warweris #
dazustebisaTvis
dazustebisaTvis 8 (m) ~ anbanis # 9 (T). warweris sxva niSnebisTvis ki analo-
giebis povna albanur anbanSi yirs.
1948-52 wlebSi azerbaiJanis teritoriaze, mingeCauris ga-
unda iTqvas, rom saeyvoa saerTod derbentis warweris ar-
Txrebis Sedegad, aGmoCnda ramdenime albanuri warwera da
sebobis faqti da Tu mainc davuSvebT mis arsebobas, Znelad
grafiti. maT erTobliobas dGes albanur warweraTa korpuss
savaraudoa igi warmoadgendes kavkasiis albanuri damwerlobis
uwodeben; masSi Sedis: 1. Jvris postamentis warwera _ 70 gra-
nimuSs.
fema; 2. grafiti Tixis Sandalze # 1-50 grafema; 3. grafiti
Tixis Sandalze # 16/17 grafema; 4. grafiti Tixis Sandalze
# 3-8 grafema; 5. grafiti Tixis Sandalze # 4-24 grafema, 6.
grafiti kramitis natexze # 1-21 grafema; 7. grafiti krami-
tis natexze # 2-5/6 grafema. mTlianad korpusi Sedgeba 194- qeTevan margiani-subari
196 grafemisgan da masSi savaraudod albanuri anbanis 52 gra-
femidan dadasturebulia 31 grafema. mir
mirTva svanur
svanurSi
nurSi
am korpusSi tradiciulad Kvela mecniers Sehqonda e. w.
derbentis warwera, rac gaugebaria. mirTva srulmniSvnelovan sitKvaTa iseTi SekavSirebaa wi-
zemoxsenebuli warwera aGmoCenilia m. barxudarianis mier, nadadebaSi, roca `wamKvani sitKva damokidebuls Sinaarsobliv
romelmac gadmoxata igi (barxudariani; 1893). ikavSirebs ise, rom amas raime gramatikuli gamoxatuleba ar ax-
mis garda es warwera aravis unaxavs, Tu ar CavTvliT lavs~ (l. kvayaZe).
m. smbaTians, romelmac SesaZloa naxa igi, Tumca es saeyvoa, rad- xSirad rTulia zGvris dadeba marTvasa da mirTvas So-
gan misi cnoba da warweris naxati zustad imeorebs m. barxuda- ris, gansakuTrebiT Tandebuliani formisa da moqmedebiTi
rianis cnobas warweris aGmoCenis Sesaxeb (smbaTiani; 1896). brunvis SemTxvevaSi; `mokla TofiT~, `wavida fexiT~ tipis wKvi-
miuxedavad imisa, rom derbentSi Kofnisas s. muraviovma lebSi, Tu davuSvebT, rom mxolod es brunvaa SesaZlebeli, ma-
ver aGmoaCina es warwera, igi mainc axorcielebs cdas misi wa- Sin marTvaa, magram, `radgan cnobilia, rom erTpiriani zmna mar-
kiTxvisa. vinaidan im mdgomareobaSi, ra mdgomareobaSic igi Tvis unaris gareSea, mocemul magaliTebSi mirTva daiSvebao~ _
gvxvdeba m. barxudarianis da m. smbaTianis naSromebSi misi wa- aGniSnavs v. Tofuria. Tandebuliani brunva idiomatur gamo-
kiTxva SeuZlebeli iKo, amitom s. muraviovma 180°-iT Seabruna TqmaSic `xelSi aqvs~ SeiZleba Seicvalos formiT `xelT aqvs~...
warwera, aseve Seitana ramodenime Sesworeba, ris Sedegadac maSasadame, `qarTulSi mirTulia zmnizeda da Tandebuliani sa-
igi waikiTxa rogorc karTa zGude / karis zGude _ tran- xeli Kvela SemTxvevaSi, mimrTveli ki, uwinares Kovlisa, _ zmna
skrifcia goz y´ule´mo {‚} (muraviovi 1981; 281-282). (Semasmeneli) da nazmnari saxeli (iqneba is gansazGvreba Tu wi-
darwmunebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom warweris pirveli gra- nadadebis sxva wevri)~ (v. Tofuria).
fema ar warmoadgens g- aso-bgeras (miuxedavad imisa, rom es principi analogiuria svanur enaSic, magram mirTvis area-
grafema palimfsestSi ar aris dadasturebuli). aseve eyvs iw- li aq ufro farTo Cans Tanamedrove qarTul saliteraturo

50 51
enasTan SedarebiT, rac, ZiriTadad, mirTul sitKvaTa mravalfe- daƒˆlTØaCd `mela TxasTan wavida~;
mal… daƒˆlTØ
rovnebas ukavSirdeba; eJi lasˆnJ…Te lˆmr meƒde `is dasaTvaliereblad Kofi-
1. svanur enaSi, sxva qarTvelur enaTa msgavsad, aris pir- la mosuli~.
veladi (q’m
q’m `gareT~, b‰zi `amaGam~, ldi `dGes~...) da meoreu- -Te
Te Tandebuliani saxeli pirvel winadadebaSi adgilis ga-
li, anu nawarmoebi zmnizedebi, sadac gaqvavebuli brunvisniSnia- remoebaa, meoreSi _ ubralo damateba, mesameSi ki mKofadis
nebis (ham
ham-s `dilas~, l’T-
ham- l’T-S… `GamiT~, J…in‰l-
J…in‰l-d `Zvelad~) da mimGeobaze darTviT miznis garemoeba miviGeT.
TandebulianTa (eS eS-Te `iqiT~, eC-
eS- eC-xn `iqidan~...) gverdiT gvxvde- 3. miuxedavad Tandebulebis siuxvisa da maTi farTo Se-
ba sakuTriv zmnizedaTa mawarmoebliani formebi: ji- ji-xi `ufro saZleblobisa, axali qarTuli saliteraturo enis Tandebulian
zeviT~ (Sdr. jib `zeviT~). formebs svanur enaSi xSirad uTandebulo da ormagbrunviani
2. mdgomareobis an mimarTulebis maCvenebel martiv Tande- formebi Seesabameba, romelTa analogiebi Zvel qarTulSia:
bulTa kombinaciiT miGebuli rTuli Tandebulebi -TŠsga / - al yem eser Cj-
Cj-iS- xakuC `es Tiva cxenisTvis (cxen-is-ad)
iS-d xakuC
Tesga,
Tesga, -Teqa
Teqa,
qa, -xnqa / -xenqa
xenqa, xenji da sxv. erTdrou-
qa, -xnji / - xenji mindao~.
lad asaxaven Jer moqmedebis mimarTulebas, Semdeg ki mdgomareo- 4. Tandebulebis gamoKenebis farTo SesaZlebloba, meore-
bas, romelSic aGmoCndeba sagani moqmedebis damTavrebis Semdeg: uli (nawarmoebi) zmnizedebis mravalferovneba da enis konser-
risga ri `saxlSi aris~ (SignimKofoba), Sdr. qors ri
qoris
qorisga vatiuloba, gamoxatuli Zveli viTarebis amsaxveli uTandebulo
`saxlSi (Sin) aris~; formebis SemonaxviT, ganapirobebs svanur enaSi semantikuri ni-
qorTe esGri `saxlSi (saxlisken) midis~;
qorTe uansebis moqnilad gamoxatvis did potencials da afarToebs
qorTesga esGri `saxlSi (SigniT) Sedis~.
qorTesga mirTvis areals, radganac igi sintagmis wevrTa Soris swored
ji,
ji, Cu,
Cu, {i sga/ska elementebi, romlebic `zmnasTan windebu-
{i}sga/ Sinaarsobliv kavSirs gulisxmobs.
lia, saxelTan ki _ Tandebuli~ (v. Tofuria), sintagmaSi er-
Tdrouli monawileobisas gavlenas axdenen SesitKvebis semanti-
kaze; Sdr.
lˆcTØadski
lˆcTØ skine `wKalSi gadaxta~;
adskine
vaxtang maGraZe
lˆcTesgØ adski
lˆcTesgØ skine `wKalSi Caxta~;
adskine
lˆcTeis
lˆcTeisga sgaØdskine
isga sgaØ dskine `wKalSi (ki) Caxta~.
ramde
ramdeni
denime
nime kalkis
kalkis Sesa
Sesaxeb
saxeb
igive nawilaki Tu damoukidebladac CaerTo, maSin aseTi
SesitKveba qarTulSi paronomaziis saxeliT cnobili gamoTqmis sesxeba enis gamdidrebis erT-erT mniSvnelovani saSuale-
Sinaarss iZens: baa. magram `meore ukiduresobas warmoadgens ganukiTxavad
lˆcTesga sga sgÀ sgÀadsk
adskine,
ine, mare q؏ntixx `wKalSi CaxtomiT
mare qØ Semotana ucxo sitKvebisa maSin, roca amis sayiroeba ar aris,
ki Caxta, magram gamoiKvanes (gamoabrunes)~. Tu saTanado sitKva SeiZleba davZebnoT sakuTar leqsikur
erTi da igive Tandebuli zogJer gansxvavebul semantikas fondSi anda vawarmooT arsebul sitKvaTagan sesxeba gaumar-
aniyebs mirTul sitKvebs da qarTuladac sxvadasxva Tandebuls Tlebelia~ (arn. Ciqobava).
Seisabamebs: amisda miuxedavad, xSiria sintagmuri Tu semantikuri
eJi cxekTe
cxekTe iG…re…da babas babas `is tKisken itKuebda babuas~; kalkis gadmoGebisa da damkvidrebis cdebi.

52 53
 a. xasi
xasiaTi am sitKvas qarTul enaSi sami mniSvneloba
siaTi. nana mayavariani
aqvs: 1. adamianis sulier TvisebaTa erToblioba, romlebic mis
qcevebSi vlindeba, 2. sulieri ganwKoba, 3. risame Tviseba. anTro
anTropo
Tropomor
pomorful
morful arse
arseba
sebaTa
baTa saxel
saxelwo
xelwode
wodebe
debebis
bebis
Cvens SemTxvevaSi xasiaTi aris sulieri mdgomareoba, romelic warmomav
warmomavlo
mavlobi
lobisa
bisaTvis
saTvis afxazur
afxazurSi
zurSi.
Si.
mravalgvaria. arsebobs mtkice, Seupovari, kargi, axirebuli,
2. aZˆZlan // aZˆzlan `ali,
ali, feria
feria~
ria~
yirveuli, ujmuri, mZime, autaneli...
afxazurSi aZˆZlan // aZˆzlan aGniSnavs `als, ferias~.
rusuli enis meSveobiT enaSi sintagmis _ mtkice º Seu-
moxsenebaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom
povari xasiaTi _ erTi sitKviT gamoxatvis tendencia mkvid-
aZˆZlan // aZˆzlan leqsema rTuli Sedgenilobisa unda iKos:
rdeba: `mas hqonda xasi siaTi da Girsebac~, `roca pirvelad in-
xasia
aZˆ `wKali~, + -s (gardaqceviTobis mawarmoebeli sufiqsi) +
stitutSi ver... Cavabare, mere ukve xasi siaTi gamoviCine~, `mas
xasia
la (lokaluri preverbi, romelic raimeSi mKofobas gamoxa-
hqonda fuli da xasi xasia
siaTi~.
Ti
tavs) + -n (namKo ganusazGvreli drois am SemTxvevaSi gaqvave-
amgvari SemTxvevebi semantikuri kalkis nimuSebia, Tumca
buli sufiqsi).
araiSviaTad marTebul gamoKenebasac vxvdebiT.
*a-aZˆslan > aZˆzlan > aZˆZlan progresuli asimilaciiT:
b. axalgaz rda balaxi º Geroº nargavi º kartofili º
axalgazrda
gazrda.
Tumca, aZˆZlan º aZˆzlan orive cocxali, paralelurad xmare-
xaxvi... isev evropuli (rusuli, inglisuri, franguli) enebis
buli formaa afxazurSi.
gavleniT mkvidrdeba.
sitKvis Tavdapirveli mniSvneloba unda KofiliKo
daxvewili qarTuliT unda KofiliKo norCi balaxi º
`wKlad Sig mKofi~. aGniSnuli semantika `ali~ leqsemisa arc
Gero º nargavi º nergi º naTesi º kartofili º xaxvi º yarxali.
qarTul-kavkasiuri folklorisTvisaa ucxo.
g. qarTul enas saSualeba aqvs Koveli sazogado saxeli
or ricxvSi awarmoos. Tumca isev ucxo enebis `wKalobiT~
iKeneben erTi erTeulis gamosaxatavad mravlobiT ricxvs:
`Semovida mamakaci, mzis Savi saTva leebi ekeTa~, `lindsim Jinse
saTvale
Tvalee Jinse-
se-
bis ukana Jibisaken waiGo xeli~, `qalma sulelur Calis qudSi, koba miTagvaria
tebSi da sandlebSi gamowKobili brius uilisi dainaxa~.
Sorteb
SortebSi
Kvela magaliTi aSkarad miuTiTebs, rom saubari exeba adami
adamia
mianis asakob
asakobriv
kobriv dife
diferen
ferenci
rencia
ciacias
ciasTan dakav
dakavSi
kavSire
Sirebu
rebuli
buli
erT konkretul saTvales, Jinssa Tu Sorts da ara mravlobiT- termi
termine
minebi
nebi Cerqe
Cerqezul
qezul enebSi
enebSi
Si dasmul nivTebs.
asakobriv diferenciasTan dakavSirebuli terminebis
sxvaTa enis brmad miKola da gauazreblad mibaZva enas ki
daKofa pirobiTad or Jgufad SeiZleba.
ar amdidrebs da amravalferovnebs, samwuxarod, mxolod anag-
pirvel Jgufs Seadgens terminebi, romlebSic ar aris
vianebs da aGaribebs.
warmodgenili sqesobrivi gansxvaveba adamianebs Soris. es ter-
minebi Tanabrad SeiZleba gamoKenebuli iqnes rogorc mamakac-
Ta, ise qalTa mimarT.
sitKvebis umravlesoba iwarmoeba adiG. y–l¶ fuZis
gamoKenebiT, romelic aGniSnavda `axals, axal gaCenils~.

54 55
 am kategorias ganekuTvneba adiG. y–l¶–
l¶–xÀ–
xÀ–r, Kab. skolis asakis bavSvs, romelsac ukve garkveuli socialu-
¬¶al¶aG°al¶–
¬¶al¶aG°al¶– `axalgazrdebi~ (y
y– `axali (свежий), l¶–
l¶– _ sitKva- ri funqcia gaaCnia (7-dan 18 wlamde), adiGelebi eZaxian:
warmoebiTi afiqsi, -xÀ
xÀ–
xÀ– _ mravlobiTi ricxvis mawarmoebeli a) `biys~ y–l¶–
l¶– (abZax. ‡½al¶a,
‡½al¶a abZaxurSi adiGeuris SiSi-
afiqsi). na afrikatebs y, y´ gadadis rbil laringalur abruptiv (‡½- ‡½
Kabardouli sitKva nawarmoebia ¬¶–¬¶– `axali, axalgazrda~ Si); KabardoulSi ¬¶al– ayk°ˆ¹ `vaji 7 wlidan
¬¶al– (Sdr. afx.-abaz. ayk°
fuZeze sitKvawarmoebiTi G°al¶–
al¶– sufiqsis darTviT. 18 wlamde~ (T. gvancelaZe), xolo bzifur dialeqtSi ayk° ayk°ˆn
adiG. zˆxÀ– xÀ°–G° da Kabard. xˆJ–
zˆxÀ–xÀ° xˆJ–bz aGniSnavs `mozards~ aGniSnavs rogorc `biys~ aseve `gogonas (k. SaKrili).
rogorc mamrobiTi, ise mdedrobiTi sqesisa. b) `gogonas~ amave asakobriv kategoriaSi adiGeurad
saKuradGeboa `asakis~ aGmniSvneli sitKvebi. adiGeurSi fs¶as¶–
fs¶as¶– ewodeba, xolo KabardoulSi _ xÀˆJ– xÀˆJ–bz.
bz
`ufrosis~ aGmniSvneli sitKvaa nahˆz¶ (nah nah(
nah(ˆ) _ SedarebiTi xa- srulwlovani axalgazrda mamakacis aGsaniSnavad 18-30
risxis morfemas daerTvis z¶( z¶(ˆ) _ sitKvawarmoebiTi sufiqsi; wlamde) adiG y– º Kab. ¬– fuZis reduplicirebuli forma
KabardoulSi es sitKva gansxvavebulia da aGniSnavs `ufro adiG. y–l¶–
l¶–y– º Kab. ¬¶al¶–
¬¶al¶–s¶a
s¶a ixmareba.
Zvels~. aseTive gziTaa miGebuli `umcrosis~ aGmniSvneli ter- adiGeuri «ˆ `mamakacsac~ aGniSnavs da `qmarsac~ (Sdr.
mini adiG. nahˆy,
nahˆy, Kabard. n–ha¬¶–
ha¬¶– (adiG. nah º Kabard. n–h + su- Zvel afxazurSi alˆg `qmari~).
fiqsi y º ¬¶–
¬¶–). amave kategoriaSi mKof qals adiGeurad bzˆlÀ†ˆG,
bzˆlÀ†ˆG Kabar-
terminebis meore Jgufs warmoadgens sitKvebi, romlebSic bzˆlÀx°ˆG–
doulad bzˆlÀx° ˆG– ewodeba.
erTdroulad aGniSnulia adamianebs Soris sqesobrivi gansxva- Semdeg kategoriaSi ganixileba adiG.-Kab. «ˆz¶ˆ `moxuci
vebac e. i. aq mamakacisa da qalis sqesis sxvadasxva asakobrivi kaci~ (zedmiw. «ˆ `kaci, mamakaci + z¶ `moxuci~).
Jgufis aGmniSvneli terminebi diferencirebuladaa warmodge- am kategoriis `moxuci qalis~ aGmniSvneli termini
nili, gamonakliss warmoadgens `Cvili bavSvis~ aGmniSvneli adiGeurSia: nˆ…az¶ `moxuci qali~ (zedmiw. `qali Zveli~), Sdr.
terminebi sakuTriv adiGeuri nanˆ… da sabˆ sabˆ; ukanaskneli, a. nˆ…–
nˆ…– `moxuci qali~.
Sagirovis azriT, nasesxebia arabulidan: sabiy `biyi~, `Kmawvi- oTxmoc wels gadacilebul adamians adiGelebi eZaxian:
li~ (Sdr. Turq. sabi `biyi~, `mcirewlovani~) (a. Sagirovi). `mamakacs~ adiG. ƒarˆ…ˆflÀ,
ƒarˆ…ˆflÀ Kabard. ƒazÀ,
ƒazÀ xolo qals~ nˆ…–
nˆ…–z¶ d–
d–d
KabardoulSi am terminTan erTad (sabˆ sabˆ)
sabˆ ixmareba sitKva (zedmiw. `moxuci qali didi~).
bˆZa†–
bˆZa†–, romelic niSnavs `ZuZumwovar bavSvs~ (bˆZˆ bˆZˆ `ZuZu).
(Sdr. afx. aZKˆ da asabi
asabi.
bi am terminebiT aGiniSneba bavSvi daba-
debidan erT wlamde.
erTidan Svid wlamde bavSvs adiG. wˆk°ˆ,
y–l–wˆk° xolo
KabardoulSi ¬¶al¶–wˆk° ewodeba (zedmiw. adiG. y–l–, Kabard.
¬¶al¶–wˆk°
¬¶al¶– wˆk°ˆ `patara~).
¬¶al¶– `biyi~ + wˆk°
amave kategoriaSi mKofi gogonas aGmniSvneli adiGeuri
terminia fs¶–
fs¶–s¶–
s¶–z¶ˆˆ `gogona patara, axalgazrda~, xolo Kabar-
xÀˆJabzwˆk° `gogona~.
doulSi xÀˆJabzwˆk°

56 57
naTela muzaSvili mniSvnelobis mixedviT3.
keravs, akerinebs, ikeravs, ukeravs, ikereba, ekereba... e r -
termi
termino
minolo
nologi
logiu
giuri sitKvawar
sitKvawarmo
warmoe
moebisa
bisaTvis
saTvis Tsa da imave moqmedebas gamoxatavs, erTsa da
i m a v e m o v l e n a s asaxavs4 (es
es arse
arsebi
sebiTi
biTi faqto
faqtoria
toria maTi
maTi kva-
kva-
1. axal terminTa damkvidrebas, romlebic garkveul pro- lifi
lifika
fikaci
kacii
ciisaTvis
saTvis).
Tvis
cesTan aris dakavSirebeli, Tan sdevs axali zmnuri formebisa aGniSnul formaTa Soris sxvaobas morfologiuri ele-
da maTgan warmoebuli masdarebis Seqmna. mentebiT _ a. SaniZis mixedviT _ sasitKvaTSoriso mimarTeba-
2. teqnikur terminologiaSi xSiria zmnuri formebi, Ta gamomxatveli afiqsebiT (aa-, i-, i-/u u-, i-/e
e-...) gadmocemuli
romlebSic saxeluri fuZeebi saliteraturo qarTulidanaa grama
gramati
matiku
tikuli
kuli Sina
Sinaararsi qmnis (mxedvelobaSia subieqtur da
naarsi
aGebuli, magram zmnis formebi specialuri terminebia. obieqtur pirTa Soris kuTvnilebiT urTierTobaze miTiTeba,
3. teqnikur terminologiaSi warmodgenilia saxeluri moqmedebis gadmocema moqmedi piris gamoCeniT an mis gamouCen-
fuZis masdarebi, romelTac Sesabamisi zmnuri formebi ar lad, subieqturi piris moqmedeba pirdapir obieqtze uSualod
aqvT, Tumca udasturdebaT amosavali aGweriTi warmoeba. es im an sxva piris SualobiT...).
tradiciis gagrZelebaa, romelic Zvel qarTulSi SeiniSneboda. aGsaniSnavia, rom, umravles SemTxvevaSi xsenebul forma-
Zveli qarTulis zmnaTa uGvlilebaSi aGweriTi formebisa da Ta (vnebiTis, qcevis variantebis, SualobiTi kontaqtis da
organuli warmoebis Senacvleba sakmaod mniSvnelovani faqtia. misT). mniSvneloba SeiZleba pirdapir (avtomaturad) gamoKvani-
igi istoriuli gramatikis erT-erT saintereso ubans warmoadgens. li iqnas zmnis Ziris mniSvnelobidan da morfologiuri mawar-
4. saintereso suraTs gviCvenebs kompozitebisa da sufiq- moeblebidan.
soidiani terminebis gaformeba. a. SaniZis azriT, amgvar _ gramatikul erTeulTa _ qce-
vis, gvaris, kauzativis da misT. piriani formebis miCneva damo-
ukidebel saleqsikono erTeulad umarTebuloa (leqsikoni _
leqsemaTa krebulia).
igi, rogorc cnobilia, am funqciiT _ zmnuri paradig-
lamara nozaZe
mis meTaur formad _ iKenebs masdars, romlis budeSic warmo-
dgenilia morfologiuri elementebiT warmoqmnili Kvela Se-
zogi
zogi cnebis
cnebis (mniS
mniSvnelo
vnelobis
lo bis)
bis ) dazus
dazuste
zustebi
tebisa
bisaTvis
saTvis
saZlo (piriani) g r a m a t i k u l i f o r m a saTanado ilustra-
`qegl~
qegl~-Tan
Tan mimar
mimarTe
TebiT
marTe biT
ciebiT (Sdr. Kra: Kra Kris... aKris... iKris... uKris... iKreba... eKre-
Tanamedrove qarTul leqsikologiaSi, rogorc cnobilia, ba... Kria... aKria...).
zmnuri saleqsikono erTeulis problemasTan dakavSirebiT, Zi-
riTadad, ori sapirispiro mosazreba arsebobs, rac Tavis 3
aGniSnuli debuleba a. SaniZis `leqsikologiuri koncefciis~ qvakuTxedia.
mxriv, g a n p i r o b e b u l i a g a n s x v a v e b u l i z o g a d - T e - 4
Sdr. amave zmnuri Zirisagan (martivi fuZisagan) warmoqmnili axali
o r i u l i T v a l s a z r i s e b i T , saxeldobr: leqsikuri erTeulebi _ mkeravi (`vinc keravs~), sakeravi (`riTac keraven~ _
a. SaniZis azriT qcevis, gvarisa da misT. formebi warmo- sakeravi manqana), _ {ga
ga}}kerili (`rac {ga}keres~, mag. qsovili) da misT.,
qmnili erTeulebia, magram grama gramati
matiku kuli da ara leqsi
tikuli leqsiku
sikuri
kuri romlebic zmnuri ZiriT gamoxatul moqmedebasTan dakavSirebul sxva saganze,
saganze
sxva obieqtze (adamiani, manqana, qsovili...) miuTiTeben.
58 59
 a r g u m e n t i : masdari zmnis ZiriTadi leqsikuri mniSvne- winaaGmdegobrivi debulebebia _ es ar iqneboda SesaZle-
lobis matarebeli saxelia. igi zmnis Kvelaze ganKenebul mniS- beli qcevis, gvaris da misT. nawarmoebi formebi a x a l , g a n -
vnelobas gadmogvcems, Kvela amgvar pirian formaTa zogadi sxvavebul leqsikur erTeulebs rom warmoad-
`semantikuri warmomadgenelia~, maTi ziari kategoriaa. g e n d e s (Sdr. samarile, mariliani, umarilo; gaagonebs, moa-
a. SaniZis zogad, Cveni azriT, uaGresad mwKobr da Tan- gonebs, STaagonebs da misT. udaod l e q s i k u r i n i S n i T
mimdevrul koncefcias upirispirdeba arn. Ciqobavas Tvalsaz- warmoqmnili formebi, romelTa mniSvnelobebis ganzogadeba
risi, romlis mixedviTac qarTuli zmnis rigi kategoria _ erT semantikur monacemad SeuZlebelia)5.
qcevis, gvaris, kauzativis formebi (Slis: iSlis, uSlis, iSle- zmnur formaTa masdarze ganlagebis erT-erT sawi-
ba, eSleba, aSlevinebs...) g a n s x v a v e b u l i l e q s i k u r i naaGmdego argumentad saxeldeba is, rom zmnaTa mTel wKebas,
m n i S v n e l o b i s m a t a r e b e l i a . maTi Setana leqsikonebSi upiratesad upreverbo nasaxelar zmnebs TiTqos ar ewarmoeba
damoukidebel saleqsikono erTeulad isevea gamarTlebuli, moqmedebis saxeli. ar iTqmis iTqmis bereba (aberebs zmnisagan), sru-
rogorc saxelis nawarmoebi fuZeebisa (guliani, ugulo, sagule... leba (asrulebs...), dareba (adarebs...), lamazeba (alamazebs...),
Zmuri, moZme, saZmo da misT; `gli~-i VIII, 1964, 06; 1986, 06). mwvaneba (amwvanebs...), susteba (asustebs...), (re rea ria dabereba
realuria
luria:
Cveni azriT araswori analogiaa _ guliani, ugulo, sa- _ daaberebs zmnisagan, Sesruleba _ Seasrulebs zmnisagan...).
gule... samarile, umarilo, mariliani da misT. nawarmoebi maSasadame, m a s d a r i s u q o n l o b i s g a m o a m g v a r i
formebi Z i r e u l i s a g a n gansxvavebuli leqsikuri z m n e b i l e q s i k o n S i v e r m o x v d e b a (`gl~-i, 1950, 011,
m n i S v n e l o b i s m a t a r e b e l i e l e m e n t e b i a . axal obi- 075).
eqts (sagans) aGniSnavs (Sdr. sama rile _ `mcire y u r y e l i ,
samari
marile sadao argumentia TviT sanimuSod dasaxelebul `akrZa-
raSic marilia~; umari rilo _ `s a y m e l i , rasac marili ara
umarilo lul~ (ar iTqmis _ a. C.) masdarTagan rigi Setanilia `qegl~-
aqvs an aklia~...), maSasadame, damoukidebel saleqsikono erTeu- Si: bereba, dareba.
lebs warmoadgens, rasac, rogorc aGiniSna, ver vitKviT qcevis, am tipis masdarebi mravlad aris warmo-
gvaris da misT. formebze (irecxavs, urecxavs, irecxeba...). d g e n i l i `q e g l ~-Si saTanado ilustraciebiT (I) da, rac
amgvar analizs mxars uyers zogi sxva faqtoric. kerZod: mTavaria, ilustraciebis gareSec (II). magaliTad:
arn. Ciqobavas azriT zmnaTa absolutur umetesobaSi mo- I. boleba, braleba, Txeleba, leqsva, mSvideba, oxreba, pa-
qmedebis saxelebi nawarmoebia gardamavali zmnis saarviso qcevis reba, rideba, rkineba, suqeba, Kalibeba, Kruveba, Kudeba...
fuZisagan (Tesav-s → Tesva, mki-s → mka, aSeneb-s → Seneba...). II. badeba, bedeba, bezreba, biJeba, budeba, zvaveba, TeTreba,
`qce
qcevebs (iTesavs, uTesavs... iSenebs, uSenebs...), vnebi
qcevebs vnebiTebs
biTebs kisreba, landeba, laJeba, neleba, fiTreba, Soreba, Stereba...
(iTeseba, eTeseba... Sendeba, uSendeba...) sakuTari fuZisagan mo- masdaris aseTi formebi SeaqvT leqsikonebSi (Zv. qarTu-
qmedebis saxeli ar ewarmoeba: amgvar zmnebs S e s a b a m i s i na-
zmnari saxeli ar gaaCnia...
5 masdari formobrivad ar ganarCevs moqmedebiTs (qcevis variantebs),
amisda miuxedavad ara iSviviaTad (xazi _ l. n.) _ konteq-
iSvia vnebiTs. ara gvaqvs: *ikerva (ikeravs), *ukerva (ukeravs), *esxma (esxmis) da misT.
stis Sesabamisad _ gardamavali zmnis saarviso qcevis masdari aGniSnul kategoriaTa mawarmoeblebi: i-, u-, e-... morfologiuri
SeiZleba iKos gamoKenebuli vnebiTi gvarisTvisac, sasubieqto funqciis saderivacio formantebia. bunebrivia, rom isini masdarSi ar Canan
qcevaTa Sinaarsis gadmosacemadac~ (`gl~-i, 1950, I, gv. 011-012, 075). iseve, rogorc sxva am tipis afiqsebi (Sdr. leqsikuri derivaciis nimuSebi:
Sur-ian
ian-i _ Sur-ia
ian iann-oba
ia oba, u-gun-ur
oba ur-i _ u-gun-ur
ur ur-eba _ si-ug{u}n-ur-e...).
ur
60 61
li enis leqsikonebi mxolod `masdarul princips~ emKareba)6 merab robaqiZe
da es maT funqcionirebas ar abrkolebs.
martivad asaxsneli faqtia _ T u f o r m a n a w a r m o e - `afxazi~
afxazi~ da `afxazebi~
afxazebi~ somxur wKaroebSi
b i a e n a S i m o q m e d i m o d e l e b i s S e s a b a m i s a d , spe-
cialistisaTvis subieqturad rogoradac ar unda aGiqmebodes 1. somxuri istoriuli wKaroebi Seicaven friad mniSvne-
igi, enis matareblisTvis (misi SemoqmedisTvis) bunebrivia _ lovan cnobebs `afxazeTisa~ da `afxazTa~ Sesaxeb. VII s-is som-
araxelovnuri (ix. zemoTdasaxelebuli nimuSebi). xur `geografiaSi~ afxazTa sacxovrisi lokalizebulia mdina-
es aris o b i e q t u r i k r i t e r i u m i enobriv erTe- re bzifsa da kodors Soris. amave wKaros cnobiT, es aris
ulTa kvalifikaciisa. `avazTa~ qveKana, romlis CrdiloeTiT cxovroben svanebi, xolo
m a T i b u n e b r i o b i s (realurobis) xarisxis g a r k - samxreTiT megrelebi.
v e u l e t a p e b z e ganpirobebulia xmarebis sixSiriT, rac 2. VIII s-is bolodan, somxuri wKaroebis mixedviT, xdeba
Tavis mxriv damokidebulia sxva faqtorebze. afxazTa samTavros Zalauflebis gavrcoba da mTeli dasavleTi
s u b i e q t u r i _ calkeul pirTa Tvalsazrisze damKa- saqarTvelo moxsenebulia afxazeTad, amasTan paralelurad es
rebuli kvalifikacia masdaruli formebisa da saerTod enob- samefo wodebulia samegrelod.
rivi erTeulebisa Sedegad iwvevs araTanmimdevrulobas (araer- 3. friad sainteresoa X s-is somexi istorikosis
Tgvarovnebas), ris araerTi magaliTi gvaqvs `qegl~-Si (ix. n o - asoGikis cnoba, romelic afxazebs moixseniebs kavkasiis iqiTa
z a Z e , masdaris warmoebis zogi sakiTxi qarTulSi da `qegl~-i, mxaris (imierkavkasiis xalxad).
`enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi~, 1,2004; SeniSvnebi qarTuli enis 4. XI-XII saukuneebis somexi istorikosebi `afxazTa~ da
ganmartebiT leqsikonze, `saenaTmecniero Ziebani~, XIII, 2002 da sxv.). `afxazeTis~ saxelwodebas avrcoben mTeli saqarTvelos teri-
toriaze _ `afxazi~ maTTvis qarTvelia, `afxazeTi~ ki _ sa-
qarTvelo.

latavra sanikiZe
6 rogorc cnobilia, arc erTi wesi ar aris ugamonakliso (ara aqvs
arsebiTi mniSvneloba maT ricxovnobas). brune
bruneba
nebaTa
baTa Ziri
ZiriTa
riTadi
Tadi tipe
tipebis
pebis Seda
Sedare
darebi
rebiTi
biTi anali
analizi
lizi
bunebrivia isic, rom miGebuli principi Semdgom daxvewas da dazustebas naxur
naxur da daGestnur
daGestnur enebSi
enebSi
sayiroebdes.
aqve unda davZinoT: rig enaSi arsebuli wesi zmnur saleqsikono
1. daGestnur enebSi ZiriTadad dasturdeba brunebis sa-
erTeulad awmKos pirveli piris mx. ricxvis formebis gamotanisa (Sdr.
mi tipi: I tipis (`difuzuri~) bruneba _ ergativs, naTesao-
berZnuli enis zogi leqsikoni), an _ aoristis mesame pirisa (Sdr. arabuli
enis leqsikonebi), vfiqrobT, ver moaxdens gavlenas am da Cven zog sxva biTsa da moqmedebiTs saerTo forma aqvs (g. Tofuria), mag.,
statiaSi warmodgenili analizis Sedegebze (gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom sax. hivC `vaSli~, erg./naT. hivC-ul, mic. hivC-un); II tipis (or-
zemoT xsenebul gamonaklisebs specialistebi aGniSnul enaTaTvis damaxasia- fuZiani) bruneba _ saxelobiTisagan gansxvavebuli meore sa-
Tebeli specifikuri viTarebiT xsnian).
62 63
brunebeli fuZea Zveli ergativi (mag., lezg. sax. vaw `mdinare~, 3. daGestnur enebs ergativsa da naTe
ergativ
gativsa naTesa
TesaobiTze damKare-
saobiTze
erg. vaw-
vaw-u, naT. v a w - u - n, mic. v a w - u - z) an Zveli naTesao- buli orfuZiani brunebis ufro arqauli saxe SemounaxavT,
biTi brunva (mag., ud. sax. faSna `gogra~, naT. faSn- in erg.
faSn-in, `di
difu
difuzu
fuzuri sa savaraudoa _ naxurs.
zurisa
risa~,
f a S n - i n -en, mic. f a S n - i n -ax). ergativsa da naTesaobiTze 4. brunebis ZiriTadi tipebis erTgvarobac naxur da
damKarebuli orfuZiani brunebis meore sabrunebeli fuZe daGestnur enebSi mowmobs, rom rogorc varaudobs zogi
formiT, Cveulebriv, Sesabamisad daGestnur enaTa axlandel mkvlevari, naxuri da daGestnuri enebi iberiul-kavkasiur ena-
ergativs an naTesaobiTs emTxveva; III tipis (agreTve orfuZiani) Ta erT Jgufs unda warmoadgendnen.
bruneba: meore sabrunebeli fuZe `CanarTiania~ (mag. xunZ. sax.
wer `Kinuli~, erg. wer-da da-ca,
da naT. wer-dada-l,
da mic. wer-da
da-e).
da
istoriulad `CanarTi~ sxvadasxva (paleoergativis afiqsi, de-
terminanti, fuZis kuTvnileba) warmoSobisaa.
medea saGliani
2. brunebis egeve ZiriTadi tipebi gamoiKofa naxur eneb-
Si, sadac ramdenadme gansxvavebuli viTareba gvaqvs:
qarTve
qarTvelu
Tveluri
luri etimo
etimolo
mologi
logie
giebi
`di
difu
difuzu
fuzuri ri bruneba SeiniSneba CaCnur-inguSurSi. aq
zuri~
`difuzuri~ da orfuZiani bruneba erTroulad iCens Tavs er- ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÌÄ ÀáÀËÉ ÓÀÄÒÈÏ-
Ti paradigmis farglebSic (mag., ing. sax. isxali `maudi~, naT. ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒÉ ÞÉÒÉÓ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖË-ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÀÍÀËÉÆÉ:
isxal
isxal- e mic. i s x a l -  e -nna, erg. i s x a l -  e, Sdr. isxal-
xal-e, 1. ØÀÒÈ. (áÄÅÓ., ÉÌÄÒ., Æ. ÀàÀÒ.) ÓÀ-ÒÄÊ-ÄË-À `áÉÓ ÐÀÔÀÒÀ ÈÀÅ-
e-l, gamsyv. i s x a l -  e -x). ÊÏÌÁËÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÉÓ ÐÀËÏ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÄÒÈÉ ÍÀÐÉÒÉÈ ÃÏËÀÁÆÄ ÃÄÅÓ, áÏ-
e afiqsiani forma instrumentalisis funqciiTac aris
e- ËÏ ÌÄÏÒÄÈÉ ÍÀàËÉÊÀÓÈÀÍ ÀÒÉÓ ÛÄÄÒÈÄÁÖËÉ...", (ÉÌÄÒ.) ÓÀ-ÒÀÊ-ÖÍ-
gamovlenili CaCn. enis Saroul dialeqtSi. Ä/ÓÀ-ÒÄÊ-ÖË-Ä, (ÂÖÒ.) ÓÀ-ÒÀÊ-ÖÍ-À/Ä, -É; ÛÃÒ. ÞÅ. ØÀÒÈ. ä-ÒÄÊ-Ó
naklebad sarwmuno Cans, e- e afiqsian brunvaTa formebSi `ÓÝÄÌÓ; ÀÊÀÊÖÍÄÁÓ", ÒÄÊ-À/ÒÄÊ-ÄÁ-À `ÝÄÌÀ; ÊÀÊÖÍÉ" : ËÀÆ. Ï-ÒÀÊ-ÀË-ÏÍ-
saTanado brunvis (ergativi, moqmedebiTi, naTesaobiTi) forma- É `ÓÀÒÄÊÄËÀ", Ï-ÒÀÊ-ÀË-Ö `ÒÄÊÀ" (Â. ÊËÉÌÏÅÉ) : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁÆ.) ËÀ-ÒÚ-ðÍ,
Ta daboloebebSi fonetikuri cvlilebebis SedegTan gvqondes (ÁØ.) ËÀ-ÒÚ-ÉÍ `ÓÀÒÄÊÄËÀ"; ÛÃÒ. ÁØ. ËÉ-ÒÚ-É/ËÉ-ÒÚ-ÉÍ-Ä `ÃÀÒÔÚÌÀ",
saqme, Tumca aseTi SesaZleblobac gamoricxuli ar aris. ËÀ-á-ÒÄÚ `ÌÉÀÒÔÚÀ".
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÒÄÚ- `ÝÄÌÀ, ÌÉÒÔÚÌÀ; ÊÀÊÖÍÉ"; ØÀÒÈ. ÒÄÊ- ← ÒÄÚ- :
erga tivis forma (aa- sufiqsiani) romelic orfu
ergati
gativis orfuZi
fuZian
Zian
ËÀÆ. ÒÀÊ- ← *ÒÀÚ- ← *ÒÄÚ- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÒÚ-/ÒÄÚ- ← *ÒÄÚ-.
brune
brunebabaSi meore sabrunebel fuZes warmoadgens, ucxoa Tana-
nebaSi
ÀÖÓËÀÖÔÖÒÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀ ØÀÒÈ. Ê : ÆÀÍ. (ËÀÆ.) Ê : ÓÅÀÍ. Ú ÀÉá-
medrove bacburi enisaTvis. igi CaCnur-inguSurSi gvxvdeba sa- ÓÍÄÁÀ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ Ú → Ê ÂÀÃÀÁÂÄÒÄÁÀ ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ (ÛÃÒ. ØÀÒÈ. ÒÄÊ- `ÂÀ-
kuTar arsebiT saxelebTan, sazogado arsebiT saxelebSi misi ÒÄÊÅÀ" : ÆÀÍ. ÒÀè- ← ÒÀÚ- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÒÄÚ-, ØÀÒÈ. ÊÀË- `ÊÅËÀ" : ÆÀÍ.
gavrcelebis are SezGudulia (mag., CaCn. sax. sTag `kaci~, erg. ÚæÉË- ← ÚÖË-, ØÀÒÈ. ÊÖÍÔ- ← ÚÖÍÔ- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÚÖÍÔ- (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ)).
sTag-a, mic. sTag-
sTag- sTag-a-na). ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÉ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÀÃ ÉÂÉÅÄÏÁÒÉÅÉÀ.
meore sabrunebeli fuZe naTesa Tesao biTze damKarebuli bru-
saobiTze 2. ØÀÒÈ. ÊÏÌÁÀË-É `ÈÀÅÉÀÍÉ ãÏáÉ" : ÆÀÍ. (ËÀÆ.) ÊÏÐÀË-É `ÈÀ-
nebidan Tanamedrove naxuri enebis naTesaobiTis formisagan ÅÉÀÍÉ ãÏáÉ" (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ) : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁØ.) ÚæÀËðÍ{Â} `ÊÏÌÁÀËÉ", (ËáÌ.)
gansxvavebulia (mag. bacb. sax. nan `deda~, naT. nan-e¹ < nan- nan-en,
en ÚæÀÒðÍ{Â} `ÃÉÃÈÀÅÀ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉ", ÛÃÒ. (ÁØ.) ÚæÀÌÁÀË-ð `ÃÉÃÈÀÅÀ".
erg. nan-as, mic. n a n - e - n, moqm. n a n - e -v). ÛÃÒ. ÁØ. ËÉ-ÚæÄÍÂ-Ä `ãÏáÉÈ ÝÄÌÀ, ÌÉÁÄÂÅÀ", ÜÏË. ÚæêÍÂ-É `ÂÀÃÀáÒÉ-
ËÉ ÌÀÙÀËÉ áÄ".
64 65
 Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÚÏÌÁÀË- `ÈÀÅÉÀÍÉ ãÏáÉ"; ØÀÒÈ. ÊÏÌÁÀË- : àÀÍ. ÊÏ- ÞÄÄÁÉ ÓÒÖË ÉÃÄÍÔÖÒÏÁÀÓ ÀÌÑÙÀÅÍÄÁÄÍ. ÓÀÊÅËÄÅÉÀ ÆÀÍÖÒÉ ÛÄÓÀÔÚÅÉÓÉ.
ÐÀË- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÚæÀËðÍ{Â}/ÚæÀÒðÍ{Â} ← *ÚæÀËÁðË ← *ÚæÀÌÁðË ← 6. ØÀÒÈ. (ÌÏá.) ÝÄÂ-ÖÀ-Î `ÁÆÒÉÀËÀ" : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁØ.) Ýé `ßÉÓØÅÉ-
*ÚÏÌÁðË ← *ÊÏÌÁðË ← ÊÏÌÁÀË-É. ËÉÓ ÁÏÒÁËÉÓ ÒÊÉÍÉÓ ßÅÄÔÉÀÍÉ ×ÄáÉ, ÒÏÌËÉÈÀÝ ÁÏÒÁÀËÉ ÊÉÁÏÒÜáÀ-
ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ×ÏÒÌÀÈÀ ÀÖÓËÀÖÔÉÓÄÖËÉ Â ÂÀÍÅÉÈÀÒÄÁÖËÉ ÜÀÍÓ, ËÀÆÄ ÔÒÉÀËÄÁÓ".
ÀÌÀÓÈÀÍÀÅÄ ÀÖÓËÀÖÔÛÉÅÄ æ ÀËÏ×ÏÍÉ ÈÉÈØÏÓ ÉÓÌÉÓ. ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ Ú/Ê Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÝÄÂ- `ÁÆÒÉÀËÀ, ÓÀÔÒÉÀËÄÁÄËÉ" → ØÀÒÈ. ÝÄÂ-ÖÀ-Î
ÌÏÍÀÝÅËÄÏÁÀÓ, ÉÂÉ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒÉ ÄÍÄÁÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÃÀÌÀáÀÓÉÀÈÄÁÄËÉ ÄÒÈ- : ÓÅÀÍ. Ýé ← *ÝÄÂ-.
ÄÒÈÉ ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÉÀ. ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀËÉ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÄÁÛÉ Ô Ò É À Ë É Ó À ÖÍÃÀ
ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖË-ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÉÃÄÍÔÖÒÏÁÀ ÄàÅÓ ÀÒ ÉßÅÄÅÓ. ÚÏ×ÉËÉÚÏ.
3. ØÀÒÈ. ßÄÒÏ : ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ.) àÀÒÏ `×ÒÉÍÅÄËÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ØÏÒ- Å. ÀÁÀÄÅÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ Ýé ÏÓÖÒ-ÀËÀÍÖÒÉÃÀÍ ÛÄÈÅÉÓÄÁÖËÀà ÌÉÀÜ-
ÓÀ äÂÀÅÓ, ÈÄÅÆÓ ÀÌÏÉÔÀÝÄÁÓ ßÚËÉÈ ÃÀ ÓàÀÌÓ (ÓÀÁÀ)" (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ) : ÓÅÀÍ. ÍÉÀ (ÛÃÒ. ÏÓ. cæg `ÒÊÀËÉ, ÒÂÏËÉ, ÌÀÒÚÖÑÉ").
(ÁÆ.) àôÒ, (ÁØ.) àæÄÒ|àÄÒ, (ËÍÔ.) àæÄÒ `ÚÅÀÅÉ". ØÀÒÈÖË-ÆÀÍÖÒÛÉ 7. ØÀÒÈ. (ØÉÆÉÚ.) ßÏßÏØ-É, (Æ. ÀàÀÒ.) ßÏßÏØ-À-Î `ÔÚÄÌËÉÓ ÛÄ-
Ï-Ó ÓÖ×ÉØÓÀà ÂÀÌÏÚÏ×ÀÓ áÄËÓ ÖÛËÉÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÂÀÌÏÅËÄÍÉËÉ ×ÏÒÌÀ. àÀÌÀÃÉ, ÌßÅÀÍÉÈ ÛÄÆÀÅÄÁÖËÉ, àÒÉÀÍÔÄËÉ, ÝÉÅÀà ÉáÅÒÉÐÄÁÀ ÆÀ×áÖË-
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ßÄÒÏ `ßÄÒÏ"; ØÀÒÈ. ßÄÒÏ : ÆÀÍ. àÀÒÏ : ÓÅÀÍ. ÛÉ, ÂÒÉËÉÀ" : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁØ.) àÏàÏØ-ð, (ÜÏË.) àÏàÏØ-À-Î `ÂÀÃÀÌÑÀÅÄÁÖËÉ
àôÒ|àæÄÒ|àÄÒ ← *àÄÒæ. (ÌÀßÏÍÉ, ÍÀÙÄÁÉ...)".
ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒ (ÁÆ.) ßóæÒ, (ÁØ.) ßðæÒ, (ËÍÔ.) ßÄÒÏ ËÄØ- Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ßÏßÏØ- `ÌÑÀÅÄ"; ØÀÒÈ. ßÏßÏØ-É : ÓÅÀÍ. àÏàÏØ-.
ÓÄÌÀÓ, ÉÂÉ ØÀÒÈÖËÉÃÀÍÀÀ ÍÀÓÄÓáÄÁÉ (Ì. ØÀËÃÀÍÉ). ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀËÉ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÀ ÉÓÔÏÒÉÖËÀà ØÀÒÈÖË-ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄ-
ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÓáÅÀÏÁÀ ÀÓÀáÓÍÄËÉÀ. ÄÁÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ ÓßÏÒÄÃ Ó É Ì Ñ À Å É Ó À ÖÍÃÀ ÚÏ×ÉËÉÚÏ.
4. ØÀÒÈ. (ÂÖÒ.) ÁÀÒ-ÁÀË-É `ÝÄÝáËÉÓ ÀËÉÓ ÁÒÉÀËÉ, ÐÒÉÀËÉ", 8. ØÀÒÈ. ÈÀÅÈÀ `ÈáÄËÉ ÍÀØÓÏÅÉÀ" (ÓÀÁÀ), (ØÉÆÉÚ.) ÈÀÅÈÀ `ÀÁÒÄ-
À-ÁÀÒ-ÁÀË-ÄÁ-À `ÀÐÒÉÀËÄÁÀ" : ÆÀÍ. ÁÀÒ-ÁÀË-É `ÝÄÝáËÉÓ ÀËÉÓ ÌÏÞÒÀ- ÛÖÌÉÓ ÈáÄËÉ ØÓÏÅÉËÉ", ÛÃÒ. ÉÍÂ. ÈÀ×ÔÀ-Î `ÈÀÅÈÀ, ÀÁÒÄÛÖÌÉÓ ØÓÏ-
ÏÁÀ ÃÀ áÌÀÖÒÉ, _ ÁÒÉÀËÉ, ÂÉÆÂÉÆÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ËÉ-ÁéÒ-ÁéÍ-É|ÁéÒ-ÁéÍ ÅÉËÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ÈæÀËÈ `ÌÀÒËÀ; ÈáÄËÉ ÍÀØÓÏÅÉ".
`ÝÄÝáËÉÓ ÀÂÖÆÂÖÆÄÁÀ, ÀÐÒÉÀËÄÁÀ; áÌÀÖÒÉ". ÛÃÒ. ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ.) ÁÀÒ- Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÈÀæÈÀ; ØÀÒÈ. ÈÀÅÈÀ : ÓÅÀÍ. ÈæÀËÈ ← *ÈæÀÈ ←
ÁÀÜ-É|ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÍÜ-É|ÁÏÒ-ÁÏÜ-É|ÁÏÒ-ÁÏÍÜ-É `ÁÖÒÁÖÒÉ, ÂÉÆÂÉÆÉ, ÁÒÉ- *ÈÀæÈ ← ÈÀÅÈÀ.
ÀËÉ" ÃÀ ÀÂÒÄÈÅÄ Ò. ÀÁÀÛÉÀÓ ÌÉÄÒ ÂÀÌÏÅËÄÍÉËÉ ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ.) ÁÏÒ- ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄ ÌÄÔÀÈÄÆÉÒÄÁÖËÉ ÓÀáÄÏÁÀÀ ÉÓÔÏÒÉÖËÉ
ÁÏÍã-É `ÂÉÆÂÉÆÉ, ÁÒÉÀËÉ". *ÈÀæÈÀ ÀÒØÄÔÉÐÉÓÀ. Ë, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ×ÖÞÄÛÉ ÉÜÄÍÓ ÈÀÅÓ, ×ÏÍÄ-
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÒ- `ÝÄÝáËÉÓ ÁÒÉÀËÉ, ÐÒÉÀËÉ, áÌÀÖÒÉ"; ÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÃÀÍÀÒÈÉÀ.
ØÀÒÈ. ÁÀÒ-ÁÀË- ← *ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÒ- : ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ.) ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÜ-|ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÍÜ-|ÁÏÒ- ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÉÓ ÌáÒÉÅÀÝ ÓÒÖË ÉÃÄÍÔÖÒÏÁÀÓÈÀÍ ÂÅÀØÅÓ ÓÀØÌÄ.
ÁÏÜ-|ÁÏÒ-ÁÏÍÜ-|ÁÏÒ-ÁÏÍã- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÁéÒ-ÁéÍ- ← *ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÒ-. 9. ØÀÒÈ. (ÂÖÒ.) ÌÏ-ÔÏË-Å-À ÞÀ×ÉÓÀ `ÞÀ×ÉÓ ÏÒ×Àà ÀáÅÄÅÀ, ÓÀ-
ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÜÀÍÓ, ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÉ ÌÉÙÄÁÖËÉÀ ÒÄÃÖÐËÉÊÀ- ÍÀÌ ÛÄÉÂÒÉáÄÁÏÃÄÓ" : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁÆ.) ËÉ-Í-Ô-É/ËÉ-Í-ÔæË-É, (ÁØ.) ËÉ-Í-
ÝÉÉÓ ÂÆÉÈ. ÔæË-É `ÈÏÊÉÓ, ÞÀ×ÉÓ ÀÊÄÝÅÀ (ÃÀáÅÄÅÀ)".
ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÉÓ ÌáÒÉÅ ØÀÒÈÖËÉ ÃÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÉ ÉÃÄÍÔÖ- Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÔÏË- `ÀÊÄÝÅÀ, ÃÀáÅÄÅÀ"; ØÀÒÈ. ÌÏ-ÔÏË-Å-À : ÓÅÀÍ.
ÒÉÀ. Ô-/ÔæË- ← *ÔÏË.
5. ØÀÒÈ. ÌÄ-ÊÏÁÒ-Ä `ÆÙÅÉÓ ÚÀÜÀÙÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁØ.) ÊæÄÌÁÒ-ð ÁÀËÓÆÄÌÏÖÒÛÉ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÉ ÊÉÃÄÅ Ö×ÒÏ ÛÏÒÓ ßÀÓÖËÀ ÃÀ ÂÀÌÀÒ-
`ØÖÒÃÁÀÝÀÝÀ; ÚÀÜÀÙÉ", (ÝáÖÌ.) ÊæÄÌÁÒÎðÖ `ÂÀÃÀÔ. _ ÀÌÞÖÅÍÄÁÖËÉ ÔÉÅÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÃÄÂÀà ×ÖÞÄ ÝÀË ÈÀÍáÌÏÅÍÀÌÃÄ ÃÀÓÖËÀ (-Ô-). ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ
ÙÏÒÄÁÉ". ÂÀÌÏÅËÄÍÉËÉ Í ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÃÀÍÀÒÈÉÀ.
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÊÏÁÒ- `ÚÀÜÀÙÉ"; ØÀÒÈ. ÌÄ-ÊÏÁÒ-Ä : ÓÅÀÍ. ÊæÄÌÁÒ- ← ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀ ÓÀÅÓÄÁÉÈ ÊÀÍÏÍÆÏÌÉÄÒÉÀ.
*ÊæÄÁÒ- ← *ÊÏÁÒ- ← ÌÄ-ÊÏÁÒ-Ä. Ì ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÃÀÍÀÈÉÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ. 10. ØÀÒÈ. (ÉÌÄÒ.) àÉÊÏÒ-É `ÓÀËÀÏÁÀÛÉ ÌÒÂÅÀËÉ ÒÉÚÉÓ ØÅÀÀ,
ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖËÀÃÀÝ ÃÀ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÀÃÀÝ ØÀÒÈÖË ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ-×Ö- ÒÏÌÄËÓÀÝ 5-6 ÌÄÔÒÉÃÀÍ ÄÓÒÏÃÍÄÍ ÁÒÔÚÄË ÒÉÚÉÓ ØÅÀÓ, ÓÀÍÉÛÍÏ

66 67
ÉÚÏ" : ÓÅÀÍ. (ËáÌ.) ßÉÍÀÊÖ `ØÅÀ". ← *ÜÀÒÀÍ-.
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *àÉÊÏÒ- `ØÅÀ" → ØÀÒÈ. àÉÊÏÒ-É : ÓÅÀÍ. ßÉÍÀÊÖ ← ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ ÌÏÓÀËÏÃÍÄËÉ ÉÚÏ *ÝÀÒÀÍ- ×ÏÒÌÀ.
*ßÉÍÊÖ ← *ßÉÊÖÍ ← *àÉÊÖÍ ← *àÉÊÖÒ ← *àÉÊÏÒ- ← *àÉÊÏÒ-É ÀÍ áÌÏÅÀÍÈÛÄÓÀÔÚÅÉÓÏÁÀ ÏÒÉÅÄ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÀÛÉ ÃÀÝÖËÉÀ, áÏ-
ßÉÍÀÊÖ ← *ßÉÍÀÊæÄ- ← *ßÉÍÊæÄ- ← *ßÉÊæÄÍ- ← *ßÉÊæÄÒ- ← ËÏ ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ ÆÀÍÖÒÉ ×ÏÒÌÉÓ ÀÖÓËÀÖÔÛÉ ÂÀÌÏÅËÄÍÉË Ì-Ó, ÉÂÉ Í-Ó
*àÉÊæÄÒ- ← *àÉÊÏÒ-É. ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÉÀ.
ÚÖÒÀÃÙÄÁÀÓ ÉØÝÄÅÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ Ò/Í ÌÏÍÀÝÅËÄÏÁÀ ÃÀ Í-Ó ÌÄÔÀÈÄÆÉÓÉ. ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖË-ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀ ÊÀÍÏÍÆÏÌÉÄÒÉÀ.
ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÄÌÀÈÀ ÉÃÄÍÔÖÒÏÁÀ ÍÀÈËÀà ÜÀÍÓ. 14. ØÀÒÈ. ÓáÅÉÒÐ-Ë-|ÓáÕÕÒÐ-Ë-, ÓáÕÕÒÐ-Ë-Å-À `ÔÀÍÈ ÌÖßÖÊÈ
11. ØÀÒÈ. ßÖÒ-ßÖÒ-, ÌÏ-ßÖÒ-ßÖÒ-ÄÁ-Ó (Ï×ËÉ, ÓÉÓáËÉ...), ÓáÌÀ” (ÓÀÁÀ), ØÉÆÉÚ. ÓáÒÖÐ-ÄË-É `ÙÖÃÖÃÉ, ÐÀÔÀÒÀ ÌÖßÖÊÉ" : ÆÀÍ.
ßÖÒ-ßÖÒ-ÉÈ ÓÃÉÓ, ßÖÒ-ßÖÒ-É : ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ.) àÖÒ-àÖË-, àÖÒ-àÖË-É ÜáÖÐ-ÖÒ-É `ÌÖßÖÊÉ", Ï-ÜáÖÐ-ÖÒ-Ö|ÜáÖÐ-ÖÒ-Ö-À `ÔÀÍÆÄ ÌÖßÖÊÄÁÉÓ
`ßÖÒ-ßÖÒÉ", Ì-À-àÖÒ-àÖË-Ö(Í)|Ì-À-àÅÀÒ-àÅÀË-Ö(Í) `ßÖÒßÖÒÉÈ ÜÀ- ÂÀÌÏÚÒÀ", ÜáÖÐ-ÖÒ-ÄË-É `ÃÀßÄÒÔÉËÉ, ÂÀÌÏÚÒÉËÉ" (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ) : ÓÅÀÍ.
ÌÏÓÃÉÓ (Ï×ËÉ, ßÚÀËÉ, ÝÒÄÌËÉ...)" : ÓÅÀÍ. ßæÒ-, á-Ï-ßæÒ-Ä `ÖÃÄÍÓ, ÛáÀÒÐ-{À}Ë-ð|ÛáÀÒÐ-ÀÔ-ð `àÒÄËÉ ØÓÏÅÉËÉ, ÓÀØÏÍÄËÉ".
ÀÃÄÍÓ (Ï×ËÓ, ÝÒÄÌËÓ...), ÌÄ-ßæÒ-Ä `ÌÃÄÍÉ, ÈáÄÅÀÃÉ" (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ), Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÝáæÉ
æÉÒÐ-(ÀË-)|*ÝáÖÒÐ-(ÀË-)
æÉ `ÌÖßÖÊÉ, ÌÖßÖÊÈ ÂÀÌÏ-
ÛÃÒ. (ËÄÜá. ← ÓÅÀÍ.) àÅÄÒ-Å-À `ÑÏÍÀ, ÃÄÍÀ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ËÉ-ßæÒ-Ä `ÑÏÍÀ, ÚÒÀ; àÒÄËÉ" → ØÀÒÈ. ÓáÕÕÒÐË-|ÓáÅÉÒÐ-Ë-, ÓáÒÖÐ-ÄË-É : ÆÀÍ. ÜáÖÐ-
ÃÄÍÀ", ÍÀ-ßÖÒ `ÂÀÍÀÑÏÍÉ, ÂÀÌÏÍÀÃÄÍÉ", ÌÖ-ßæÉÒ `ÂÀáÅÒÄÔÉËÉ, ÓÀÉÃÀ- ÖÒ-É, ÜáÖÐ-ÖÒ- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÛáÀÒÐ- ← *ÜáæÀÒÐ-.
ÍÀÝ ÓÉÈáÄ ÑÏÍÀÅÓ...". ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀ ÃÉÃÀà ÀÒ ÓáÅÀÏÁÓ ØÀÒÈÖË-ÆÀÍÖÒÉÓÀÂÀÍ.
ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ×ÖÞÄÈÀ ÂÄÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÄÒÈÉÀÍÏÁÀ ÝÍÏÁÉËÉÀ (Ì. ÜÖ- 15. ØÀÒÈ. (ØÀÒÈË.) ÚÖÒÖÈ-É `ÂÀÌáÌÀÒÉ ÃÏÓ ÂÖÍÃÀ". ÛÃÒ.
áÖÀ). ËÄÜáÖÌÖÒÉ àÅÄÒ-Å-À `ÑÏÍÀ, ÃÄÍÀ" ËÄØÓÄÌÀÝ ÀÃÅÉËÀà ÃÀÖÊÀÅ- (ÒÀà.) ãÖÒÔ-É `ÌÀßÅÍÉÓ ÌÓÂÀÅÓÉ ÛÄàÀÌÀÃÉ" ÃÀ ÍÀáÖÒÉ ÄÍÄÁÉÃÀÍ ÍÀÓÄÓ-
ÛÉÒÃÄÁÀ ÓáÅÀ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÓ. áÄÁÉ (áÄÅÓ., ×Û., ÌÈÉÖË., ÂÖÃÀ.-ÌÀÚÒ., ÈÖÛ., ÂÀÒÄÊÀá.) ÊÀËÔ-É `áÀàÏ,
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ßÖÒ-`ÑÏÍÀ, ÃÄÍÀ"; ØÀÒÈ. ßÖÒ-ßÖÒ : ÆÀÍ. àÅÀÒ- áÀàÏÓ ÊÅÄÒÉ; ÍÀÃÖÙÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ÚÖÒðÛà `áÀàÏ; ÍÀÃÖÙÉ".
àÅÀË-|àÖÒ-àÖË-: ÓÅÀÍ. ← ßæÒ-/àÅÄÒ-. Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÚÖÒÖÈ- `ÂÀÌáÌÀÒÉ ÃÏÓ ÂÖÍÃÀ; áÀàÏ, ÍÀÃÖÙÉ";
ÓÀÄÒÈÏØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ *ßÖÒ-×ÖÞÄÓ Ã Ä Í É Ó, Ñ Ï Í É Ó ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀ ØÀÒÈ. ÚÖÒÖÈ-É : ÓÅÀÍ. ÚÖÒðÛà ← *ÚÖÒÄÛÃ- ← *ÚÖÒæÄÛÃ- ← *ÚÖÒÖÈ-.
ÖÍÃÀ äØÏÍÏÃÀ. ØÀÒÈÖË-ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÓ ÀÄÒÈÉÀÍÄÁÓ á À à Ï Ó, Í À Ã Ö Ù É Ó,
12. ÞÅ. ØÀÒÈ. ÂÒÖÆ-É/ÂÒÏÆ-É `áÛÉÒÉ", Àá. ØÀÒÈ. ÂÒÖÆÀ `áÛÉÒÉ Ã Ï Ó ÓÀÄÒÈÏ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀ.
ÃÀ áÖàÖàÉ (ÈÌÀ)", (ÈÖÛ.) ÂÒÖÆ-Àè-É `áÖàÖàÈÌÉÀÍÉ", (ÈÖÛ.) ÂÅÒÄÆÀ-
Î `ÃÀáÖàÖàÄÁÀ", ÃÀ-ÂÅÒÄÆ-ÉË-É `áÛÉÒÉ ÈÌÀ"; ÛÃÒ. (ØÉÆÉÚ.) ÂÖÒã-ÀË-
É `ÂÀÃÀáÅÄÖËÉ ÌÀÔÚËÉ ÀÍ ÁÀÌÁÀ ÀÍ ÁÖÌÁÖËÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ÂæÉÒ{É}Æ `ÂÒÀÂ-
ÍÉËÉ, áÅÄÖËÀ", ËÉ-ÂæÒÉÆ-É `ÃÀÂÒÀÂÍÀ, ÃÀáÅÄÅÀ", ËÄ-ÂæÒÉÆ-É `ÃÀ-
ÓÀÂÒÀÂÍÉ, ÃÀÓÀáÅÄÅÉ". nargiza surmava
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÂÒÖÆ- `ÂÒÀÂÍÀ, áÅÄÅÀ, ÃÀáÖàÖàÄÁÀ"; ØÀÒÈ. ÂÒÖÆÀ :
ÓÅÀÍ. *ÂæÉÒ{É}Æ/ÂæÒÉÆ- ← *ÂÖÒÆ- ← *ÂÒÖÆ-. xmova
xmovani
vani Cana
Canawe
naweris
weris transkrif
transkrifcia
skrifcia qarTul
qarTul
ØÀÒÈÖË-ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÓ ÀÄÒÈÉÀÍÄÁÓ Ã À Â Ò À Â Í É Ó, Ã À á Å dia
dialeqtur
leqtur korpus
korpusSi
pusSi
Ä Å É Ó, Ã À á Ö à Ö à Ä Á É Ó ÓÀÄÒÈÏ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀ. ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÂÀÃÀ-
ßÄÅÀ ÌÉÍÉÌÀËÖÒÉÀ. 1. dialeqturi korpusis momzadebis procesSi mniSvnelo-
13. ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ). ÜÏÒÏÌÀ `ÃÉÃÉ ÌÏÝÖËÏÁÉÓ (ÅÄÄÁÄÒÈÄËÀ) ÓÀ- van etaps warmoadgens saTanado Camweri aparaturis gamoKene-
ÓÌÉÓÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ÜÀÒðÍ-É `ÃÉÃÉ ÌÏÝÖËÏÁÉÓ àÖÒàÄËÉ", ÛÃÒ. ØÀÒÈ. ÜÀ- biT masalebis velze mopoveba, maTi audio da video failebad
ÒÀ `ÊÀÈáÀÓÀÅÉÈ ÓÀÓÌÉÓÉÀ ÚÖÒÉÀÍÉ" (ÓÀÁÀ). qceva da maTTvis Sesabamisi werilobiTi formis micema anu di-
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÜÀÒÀÍ- → ÌÄÂÒ. ÜÏÒÏÌ-À ← *ÜÏÒÏÍ- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÜÀÒðÍ-É aleqturi teqstebis krebulis eleqtronuli versiis Seqmna.

68 69
 2. cnobilia, rom samwerlobo enisagan gansxvavebiT, dia- nalobiT gamoKofil marcvals: a) CamoTvlisas, b) damokidebu-
leqturi diskursi warmoadgens kvantebis, pulsaciebisa da biZ- li winadadebis (Tema-remuli dapirispireba) bolos, g) da na-
gebis erTobliobas, ris gamoc misi segmentacia, winadadebebad, wilakis bolos, d) zogierTi tipis kiTxviT winadadebaSi.
teqstad gardasaxva sakmao siZneleebTan aris dakavSirebuli. nimuSebi:
dialeqturi Canaweris gaSifrvis Sedegad viGebT teqsts, `da Suqrim mo…da da miTxra: _ yo, venera meCxubeba,
romlisTvisac Cveulebrivia: eqspresiul-emociuri konstruqci- raØda vqnao? vuTxar: _ yo, blaKvi xar da imitom, kaci rom da-
ebi, elipsuri konstruqciebi, gaxleCili winadadebebi, fal- Treb¢, qals zrugi ki arØda muuSviro, xandixan gulic muuS-
startebi anu azris CamoKalibebis procesSi sastarto sitKveb- vire, rom Segargos Seni daTroma-meTqi.~
ze uaris Tqma, Sesabamisi sitKvis moZiebamde misi Camnacvalebe- `ise, igi iKo... da Turme ase dad¢s da rom mivediT, de-
li sitKvebis (isi, imano, iseme...) gamoKeneba da a.S. daCemma lampa aanTo, hoda, ii qna, ra qvian... Turme iq ambavi
martivi rodia teqstis ise miwodeba, rom advilad da CevidaØrume: _ kaciyamia xalxi Camodiso, mohKaveno.. da _ ra
sworad aGsaqmeli iKos da, imavdroulad, _ xmovani Canaweris qnas axla? g¡ars _ Grr.. Grinavs, gamears _ Grr.. Grinavs!~
adekvaturi, SesaZleblobis farglebSi. am mxriv mniSvnelovania 5. prosodiuli aGniSvnebi zogJer asrulebs damatebiT,
teqstis sworad danawevreba abzacebad, dialogebis gamoKofa omonimiis moxsnis, funqcias. ase magaliTad, ayarul teqstebSi
da saamisod modelis SemuSaveba, pauzebis aGniSvna. diskurse- xSirad gvxvdeba da,
da romelic SeiZleba iKos: a) kavSiri, b) un-
un-
bis transkrifciisas KuradGebas amaxvileben pauzis markeris da zmnis nawili, razec miTiTebas vaGwevT apostrofis niSnis
SemuSavebaze, radgan zepiri metKvelebisaTvis niSandoblivia meSveobiT _ mo…desØda, g) nawilaki. am dros aGniSnuli nawi-
sxvadasxva grZliobis pauzebi. teqstebis unificirebisaTvis auci- lakis a xmovani Cveulebriv maxvilis matarebelia da amas dawe-
lebelia Cvenive SemuSavebuli wesebis Tanmimdevruli gatareba. rilobiT gamovxatavT amgvarad _ mo…desØdÿ!
3. audio da video Canawerebis transkrifciis SemuSavebi- zemoayarulSi kiTxviTi nawilaki o (<ho) SeerwKmis
sas gamodian korpusis anotirebis xasiaTidan. Tu korpusi sitKvas, ris gamoc SeiZleba airios sxvaTa sitKvis o nawilak-
strategiulad orientirebulia morfologiursa an sintaqsur Si. warmoTqmaSi diferencireba miiGweva intonaciis saSuale-
aGweraze _ anotirebaze, Grma fonetikuri transkrifciuli biT _ o nawilakis winamavali xmovani damavali tonalobiT
Cawera ar xdeba. Cvens korpusSi miGebulia gamartivebuli warmoiTqmis, rasac teqstebSi maxviliTa da apostrofiT gamo-
transkrifciuli Cawera qarTuli anbanis bazaze, tradiciuli vxatavT: mod¢sØo?
punqtuaciuri sistemis meSveobiT. risTvisac gamoKenebuli mocemul SemTxvevebSi omonimiis moxsna xdeba grafemu-
gvaqvs 38 aso-–niSani, xmovnebi _ grZliobis, umlautis, siviw- lad, dawerilobis saSualebiT.
rovis, maxvilis niSnebiT.
4. teqstis xmovan CanawerTan dasaaxloeblad mivmarTavT
prosodiul aGniSvnebs. klitikebs (enklitikebsa da prokliti-
kebs), romelnic xSirad meordebian, aGvniSnavT saTanado niS-
niT À (mo…desØna, axlaØom, arØali, kØar...).
xolo garkveul SemTxvevebSi intonaciis markirebisaTvis
gamoviKenebT maxvils. ase magaliTad, maxviliT aGvniSnavT to-

70 71
murman suxiSvili li saxeluri da zmnuri komponentebi, maTi raoba da struq-
tura, uGleba, saTanado gramatikuli kategoriebi da a. S.
pirda
pirdapi
dapiri
piri da
dama
mate
matebis
tebis saki
sakiTxi
kiTxi Zveli
Zveli Zvel qarTulSi sakmaod dawvrilebiTaa Seswavlili (e. babunaS-
qarTul
qarTuli
Tulis rTul zmnebSi
zmnebSi vili, y. TevzaZe, i. imnaiSvili, e. osiZe, a. SaniZe, z. sarJvela-
Ze, k. danelia, T. vaSakiZe...).
Zveli qarTuli enis gramatikis kursSi a. SaniZe Camo- ordinaruli rTuli zmna SeiZleba gardamavalic iKos
Tvlis ramdenime erTvalentian zmnas, romelTac brunvacvale- (SesitKvebaSi pirdapir damatebas afiqsirebdes): wminda da-Ko man
wminda-
badi qvemdebare SeewKobaT (iv ivnebs k a c i _ ivno
ivnebs ivno k a c m a n , igi, Seu racx-Ko man igi... da gardauvalic: sircx‚l-
Seuracx- sircx‚l-uCs mas
dai Zinebs i g i _ dai
daiZinebs Zina m a n ; ixare
daiZina rebs m a m a  _ ixara
ixarebs ixara m a - igi, ƒel- febis mas igi... _ rTuli zmnis saxelur komponen-
ƒel-ewife
ewifebis
m a m a n...) da SeniSnavs: aseT zmnebs SeiZleba pirobiT naxevrad tad warmodgenilia zedsarTavi saxeli, mimGeoba, zmnizeda, sa-
gardamavali vuwodoTo. amgvari pirobiTobis daSvebiT irGveva Tanado rTul (gardamaval da gardauval) zmnaTa pirianoba
gardamavlobis, rogorc sintaqsuri kategoriis, gansazGvris sruladaa realizebuli.
Tanmimdevruloba, romelic CvenSi a. SaniZem daamkvidra da rac gansxvavebuli viTareba gvaqvs im SemTxvevebSi, roca
zmnur SesitKvebaSi brunvacvalebad qvemdebaresTan erTad au- rTul zmnebSi gardmavali da gardauvali zmnuri komponente-
cileblad gulisxmobs brunvacvalebadi pirdapiri damatebis bis win arsebiTi saxeli an sawKisi dgas; aseT rTul zmnebs Se-
arsebobasac. sitKvebaSi ZiriTadad ar uCanT pirdapiri damateba (Tu zmna
amave `naxevrad gardamaval~ zmnaTa rigSi ganixileba zo- gardamavalia): GaGad-
GaGad-Ko man, Tval-
Tval-uKo man mas, naTel
Tel-sca man
naTel-
gi rTuli erT- da orvalentiani zmnac: naTel Tel-iGo m a n , na-
naTel- na- mas, lxine ba-Ko man... da qvemdebare (Tu zmna gardauvalia):
lxineba
neba-
Tel-sca m a n mas, Tav-
Tel- Tav-uKo m a n mas... romlebic SesitKvebaSi ƒel-
ƒel-ewifefebis mas, sircx‚l uCs mas, Zal-
ewifebis Zal-uc mas...
pirdapir damatebas ar iCenen. gamonaklisebi, roca dasaxelebuli struqturis (arsebi-
a. SaniZis mier SemoTavazebuli koreqtivi, marTalia, Ti sax; / sawKisi + zmna) rTul zmnebs (gardamavals Tu garda-
arGvevs gardamavlobis sintaqsuri kategoriis gansazGvris er- uvals) naklulTan erTad sruli SesitKvebac, an mxolod sru-
TmniSvnelovnobas, magram ufro adekvaturad aGwers enis li SesitKveba udasturdebaT, srul da arasrul SesitKvebaTa
faqts: brunvacvalebadi qvemdebaris, magram pirdapiri damate- uwinaresoba _ Semdgomadobis sakiTxs wamoyrian:
bis armqone ivnebs
ivnebs i g i _ ivno
ivno m a n da misT. da brunvauc- ƒel-vKav aGvsebad / ƒel-
ƒel- ƒel-Kves g a m o c d a  misi; uvar-
uvar-
vlelqvemdebariani: dascxrescxrebis i g i _ dascxra
dascxrebis dascxra i g i gardmav- Ko sara da Tqua / varsqen uvar- uvar-Ko yeSmariti G m e r T i; Zie
Zie-
lobis TvalsazrisiT identuri ver iqnebian. ba-Ko gulmodgined / Zie
ba- ba-vKo s i s x l i misi; Zal-
Zieba- Zal-gic mite-
gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom a. SaniZis mier dasaxele- vebad codvaTa / Zal-
Zal-mic g a r d a s l v a  sitKvasa uflisa-
buli `naxevrad gardamavali~ zmnebi da msgavsi sintaqsis zogi sa...
sxva zmnac Zvel qarTulSi pirdapir damatebasac igueben: viv- viv- am mniSvnelovani diaqroniuli sakiTxis nebismieri
noT v n e b a  igi misi (sin. 258, 32-33); dai Zines Z i l i maTi
daiZines gadawKvetis SemTxvevaSi asaxsneli rCeba principi, romelic api-
(fs. 75 a 6); ixara
ixara eg‚pteman g a m o s l v a  maTi (fs. 104 a robebs sintaqsuri erTeulis, gardamavali zmnis SemTxvevaSi,
6)... pirdapiri damatebis erTgvar funqciur monacvleobas wrfe-
rac Seexeba rTul zmnebs, am zmnaTa warmoeba, Semadgene- lobiTSi dasmul derivaciuli funqciiT aGyurvil identur

72 73
fuZesTan rTul zmnaSi: umetes, rom mosaubreebi gulisxmoben xolme maT mier raGacis
Ko m a n s i t K u a  / sitKua _ sitKua-
sitKua-Ko m a n dakon
dakonkre
konkrete
kretebasbas, game
tebas, gameo bas, dafiq
meorebas
rebas, dafiqsi rebas da a.
fiqsire
sirebas a.S.
gardamavali obieqturi intenciis zmna rTul SenaerTSi maga
magali
galiTe
liTebi bi:
Tebi:
pirdapiri damatebis funqciiT warmodgenil fuZesTan odensu- ...sxva kanonsawinaaGmdego qmedebebze ar davkon
davkonkret
vkonkretde
kretdebibi;
debi;
bieqtur SesitKveebad warmogvidgeba. isev gavme
gavmeor
vmeorde
ordebi bi... da a.S.
debi...
analogiisaTvis Sdr. gardamaval zmnasTan namKoSi moqme- zemomoKvanil magaliTebSi davkon davkonkret debis nacvlad un-
vkonkretde
kretdebis
debiTi gvaris `subieqturi~ mimGeobis aGweriTi warmoeba: da iKos dava
davakon
vakonkre
konkreteb
kreteb,
teb gavme
gavmeor debis nacvlad _ gavi
vmeorde
ordebis gavime
vimeo
meoreb
namKo drois saobieqto (vnebiTi gvaris) mimGeobis amowvdi
amowvdil
wvdili da a. S.
(xmali) win daismis pirdapiri obieqtis gauformebelui fuZe mTqmelebi pasivSi aqtivis araswor konversias axdenen: aq- aq-
da es rTuli warmoeba funqciurad gardamavali zmnis subieq- tivis
tivis subi
subieqts
bieqts pasiv
pasivSic
sivSic subi
subieq
bieqtad
eqtad tove ben, rac umarTe
toveben
veben, umarTebu
Tebu-
bu-
tur mimGeobad, moqmedebiTi gvaris mimGeobad gvevlineba: xma- loa. unda iKos mag., kanonsawinaaGmdego qmedebebi ar dakon
loa. dakon-
kon-
lamowvdili `vinc xmali amoiwvada~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1950; e. kretdedeba (Cem mier) (pa
kretdeba pasi
pasivivi an kanonsawinaaGmdego qmedebebs
sivi);
osiZe, 1957). ar dava
davakon kreteb (aq
vakonkre
konkreteb aqti
aqtivi
tivi).
vi
saKuradGeboa, rom, rogorc zemoT aGvniSneT, erTi da
igive forma sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba swori an araswori
iKos.
maga
magali Tad:
galiTad
liTad:
Tea teteloSvili
axalgazrdebi, rogorc mkvlevrebi, didi xania vKalibde vKalibde-
de-
biT batoni Tedos daxmarebiT (marTebulia).
erTpi
erTpiri
Tpiria
riani vnebi
vnebiTis
biTis zog forma
formaTa
maTa umarTe
umarTebu
Tebulo
bulo me am sakiTxze ar CamovKalibde debi (umarTebulo).
CamovKalibdebi
gamoK
gamoKenebis
enebis gamo
erTpiriani pasivis formaTa umarTebulo xmarebis msgavsi
SemTxvevebi arcTu iSviaTad gvxvdeba presisa da televiziis
Tanamedrove qarTulis zepir metKvelebaSi gaCnda ten-
enaSi. es ki maTi gavrcelebis mizezad SeiZleba iqces. amito-
dencia erTpiriani vnebiTis zog formaTa araswori gamoKenebi-
mac, Cveni azriT, sasurvelia, am axlad gaCenili tendenciis
sa. es is erTpiriani vnebiTebia, romelTa umravlesobas unari
uarKofa da KuradGebis gamaxvileba gramatikulad da semanti-
aqvs subieqtad adamianic moiazros da nivTic. swored es aris
kurad gamarTul formaTa gamoKenebaze.
erT-erTi mizezi imisa, rom maSin, roca mosaubreebma, konteq-
stidan gamomdinare, nivTis gamomxatveli subieqtis SesatKvisi
vnebiTi gvaris forma unda gamoiKenon, xSirad SecdomiT iseT
zmnas xmaroben, romelic subieqtad adamians gulisxmobs. mniS-
vnelovania, rom calke aGebuli es formebi gramatikulad swo-
ria, magram konteqstTan mimarTebiT _ semantikurad umarTe-
buloa mosaubre subieqtis SeuTavseblobis gamo.
amgvari umarTebulo zmnuri formebia, magaliTad: vkon-
vkon-
kretdedebi (me), vmeor
kretdebi debi (me), vfiqsir
vmeorde
ordebi debi (me) da sxv., miT
vfiqsirde
sirdebi

74 75
Tedo uTurgaiZe Senacvlebis (inversiis) damokidebulebaze im viTarebasTan, ro-
melmac gamoiwvia es Senacvleba.
qvemde
qvemdeba
debare
bare-
re-dama
damate
matebis
tebis saki
sakiTxe
kiTxebi
Txebi III seri
seriis
riis Tu aqtantTa subieqtad da obieqtad daJgufebis krite-
zmniT gamoxa
gamoxatul
xatul Semas
Semasme
masmenel
menelTan
nelTan riumad miviCnevT aqtantTa mier iniciativis qona-arqonas, pir-
(aqti
aqtive
tivebi
vebi da medi
medio
dioaqti
aqtive
tivebi
vebi)
bi) velad da meored kauzativebSi subi subieq
bieqti
eqti moqme
moqmede
qmedebis
debis Semsru
Semsru-
msru-
lebebeli (pirvelad kauzativebSi _ pirdapiri obieqti, meorad
lebeli
III seriis zmnaTa formebi, miuxedavad koneqciuri katego- kauzativebSi _ iribi obieqti) ki ar iqne ba aramed _ inici
iqneba
neba, inicia
cia-
riebis saxeobaTa gansxvavebisa, orientirebuli arian Sedegze toriri v i n c q m e d e b a d a G Z r a v s p i r d a p i r i da
tori,
da xasiaTdebian perfeqtulobiT. iribi obieqtebis niSnebiT warmodgenil
III seriis formebi gvian CamoKalibebulad aris miCneuli. a q t a n t e b s.
enaSi maTi roli TandaTanobiT izrdeba: Zveli qarTulis teq- rac Seexeba, statikur vnebiTebsa da orpirian mediopasi-
stebSi isini iSviaTad gvxvdebian, Tanamedrove qarTulSi ki sa- vebs, isini Tavisi bunebiT perfeqtuli formebia _ warsuli
kmaod xSirad ixmarebian. qmedebis Sedegs gviCveneben awmKoSi (mikavia is, is miyiravs is,
is mi-
cnobilia, rom aqtivTa formebi III seriaSi igeba stati- weria is...),
is aq Sedegia iniciatoris rolSi, ris gamoc subieq-
kur vnebiTTa modeliT. gansxvavebuli interpretacia eZleva am tis niSans iGebs, iribi obieqti (me me mikavia, me miyiravs, me mi-
modelis dinamizacias: zogadad erTi TvalsazrisiT x d e b a weria...) mxolod Semsrulebelia qmedebisa, rogorc meorad ka-
p i r T a i n v e r s i a: aqtantebi maTi rolis mixedviT ver uzativebSi, sadac subieqti SeiZleba samoqmedoc ki iKos (is is
iGeben Sesabamis niSnebs, romlebic bunebrivad warmodgenilia I ecemina mas): mTava
mTavaria
varia qmede
qmedebis
debis inici
inicia
ciatoro
toroba
roba imisTvis
imisTvis,
Tvis, rom
da II seriebSi, konkretulad: (a) statikuri vnebiTis modelSi aqtant
aqtantma
tantma subi
subieq
bieqtis
eqtis niSa
niSani
Sani miiGos.
miiGos. qmede
qmedebis
debis Semsru
Semsrule
msrulebe
lebeli
beli
warmodgenili subieqti da iribi obieqti ucvlelad gadadis mina f o r m a S i i r i b i o b i e q t i a , i n i c i a t o -
ecemi
ecemina
aqtivTa III seriaSi, oGond aqtantTa statusi aqtivTa paradig- r i (Tumca samoqmedo) ki _ subieqti.
maSi ganisazGvreba maTi funqciis mixedviT, ris Sedegadac xde- aqtivTa III seriis formebSic s t a t i k u r v n e b i T -
ba niSanTa inversia: moqmeds
moqmeds g a m o x a t a v s o b i e q t i s Ta modeliT gadadis orientacia warsu-
n i S a n i da piriqiT, samoq
samoqme
moqmedo tants _ s u b i e q t i s
medo aqtan
aqtant l i q m e d e b i s S e d e g z e da es Sedegi, romelic I da II
n i S a n i . (b) inversiis meore TeoriiT dinamizaciis procesSi seriebis pirdapiri obieqtiT xdeba sacnauri, subieqtis sta-
statikuri vnebiTis subieqti aqtivSi Canacvlebulia pirdapiri tuss iGebs aqac da, bunebrivia, saTanado niSansac is iCens.
obieqtiT. es aris aqtivebSi inversiis zemoT miTiTebuli (a) d a m i w e r i a formaSi m i w e r i a formis aqtivacia
Teoriis naklis gamosworebis cda _ aqtivis paradigmaSi Semo- moxda gezis zmniswinTa darTviT (gad gadamiweria, Camiweria...),
gada Ca Se-
vida pirdapiri damateba, romlis gareSec, ra Tqma unda, es degze orientacia modelSi SenarCunebuli iqna da subieqtis
formebi aqtivad ver CaiTvleboda. niSanic aq aqtantma miiGo, Sesabamisad saxelobiT brunvaSi
meore TvalsazrisSi, sadac isev q m e d e b a S i m o n a - qvemdebarea warmodgenili, micemiTSi _ Semsrulebeli pirdapi-
w i l e o b i s m i x e d v i T aqtivizaciis procesSi subieqti ri damateba, e. i. moxda ara inversia, aramed enaSi moqmedi
xdeba pirdapiri damateba, xolo iribi obieqti _ subieqti, ar saKovelTao wesis realizacia: iniciatori subieqtis niSniT
aris miTiTeba am procesis gamomwvev mizezebze da arc niSanTa aGiniSna (perfeqtul formebSi es warsuli qmedebis Sedegia),

76 77
qmedebis Semsrulebeli ki im obieqtis niSniT, romelic Semas- nentis Secvla rotacizmis wesiT megrulSi moqmedi fonotaq-
menels gadmohKva I seriidan. moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebs iribi tikis sxva wesis
wesis analogiad CavTvaloT.
obieqti ar gadahKveba III seriaSi, radgan es seria Sedegzea ar aris gamoricxuli megrulSi moqmedi rotacizmis ten-
orientirebuli. denciis Careva _ fonetikuri tendenciebis moqmedeba arasam-
medioaqtiuri zmnebi erTpirianebicaa da orpirianebic. werlo enebis sivrceSi SeuzGudavia.
isini aqtivTa formawarmoebis models iKeneben, ris gamoc iri- ra SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rodesac fonotaqtikis wesi er-
bi obieqti ar gadahKveba III seriaSi. formaSi mxolod Semsru- Ti morfemis farglebSi irGveva. is, rom mocemul fonemaTa
lebeli aqtanti rCeba pirad (mmiKaraulia saxlisTvis, midara- SeerTeba kanonikuri sqemis gareT darCa, Tu SesaZlebelia viva-
Jia ezosTvis, mieqimia davrdomilTaTvis...). formebSi, garda am raudoT, rom pirveli komponentis Secvla rotaciis gziT ana-
markirebuli realuri aqtantisa (me me miKaraulia...),
m aris subi- logiaa, romelic arakanonikuri Jgufis pirveli komponentis
eqtis niSanic (miKarauliaa), romlis Sesabamisi aqtanti Semasme- Secvlas gulisxmobs. ar aris gamoricxuli rotacizmis Zlieri
nels ar moepoveba pirad. aseTi Semasmenlebi uqvemdebaroa, ise- tendenciis Careva, vinaidan fonetikuri tendenciebis moqmede-
ve rogorc m Z i n a v s da m c i v a tipis Semasmenlebi. ba arasamwerlo enebis sivrceSi SeuzGudavia.

naTela quTelia vaja Sengelia

irGveva
irGveva Tu ara fone
fonema
nemaTa
maTa Seer
SeerTe
erTebis
Tebis fragmen
fragmente
mentebi
tebi mogo
mogone
gonebi
nebidan
bidan akade
akademi
demikos
mikos
sintag
sintagma
tagmatu
maturi
turi kanon
kanonzo
nonzomi
zomie
miereba
rebani
bani arnold
arnold Ciqo
Ciqoba
qobava
bavaze
vaze.
ze. XXIII_
XXIII_XXVIII

magaliTebi cxadKofen, rom KovelTvis ar realizdeba 23. arn. Ciqobava Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi
23.
fonemaTa SeerTebis sintagmaturi kanonzomierebani. swavlobda 1918-1922 wlebSi. misi Tanakurselebi, sxvebTan er-
ismis kiTxva, ratom arGvevs fono
fonotaq
notaqti ka romelic er-
taqtika
tika, Tad, Kofilan adamianebi, romlebsac umaGlesi ganaTleba ru-
Ti mxriv fonemaTa Segueba-Seugueblobis garkveul wesebs seTsa Tu evropis qveKnebSi hqondaT miGebuli, magram qarTul
emKareba, xolo meore mxriv, enis Sinagani organizaciiT aris enaze leqciebis mosmenis survili imdenad didi iKo, rom Cveni
nakarnaxevi da realurad arsebuli struqturebSi vlindeba, universitetis msmenelebi gamxdaran. erTi maTgani iKo Tamar
Tavissave gamomuSavebul wess. lomouri, cnobili qarTveli mwerlis niko lomouris qaliS-
aseT darGvevasTan gvaqvs saqme megrulSi harmoniul kom- vili, numizmatikuri mecnierebis fuZemdebeli saqarTveloSi,
pleqsTa B sistemis labio-velarul aspirirebul JgufSi: me- SemdgomSi _ `qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis~ mTavari
grulisaTvis kanonikuri fx>rx
fx rx.
rx redaqciis wevri.
ra SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rodesac fonotaqtikis wesi er- qarTlSi erT-erTi mivlinebis dros T. lomours Tana-
Ti morfemis farglebSi irGveva? is rom fonemaTa SeerTeba ka- kurselebi _ arn. Ciqobava da v. Tofuria, saxlSi miuwvevia.
nonikuri sqemis gareT darCa, Tu SesaZlebelia pirveli kompo- sufra niko lomouris meuGles gauSlia...

78 79
 24. prof. a. SaniZes gadauwKvetia: v. Tofuria qarTlSi
24. Ciqobava: Kvela, amxanago stalino!
unda wavides mivlinebiT, arn. Ciqobava _ mTiuleTSio... stalini: rigiani gamocemaa... Tqven aq werT, rom bluza
bluza,
za,
maSin b-ni arnoldi universitetTan axlos cxovrobda, frangulidan aris SeTvisebuli, gana rusulidan ar aris?
patara naqiravebi oTaxi ekava iq, sadac axla samkurnalo kombi- Ciqobava: wignSi weria, rom bluza
bluza frangulidan aris
nati mdebareobs... dilas im adgils miakiTxa (daaxloebiT ax- rusuli enis meSveobiT.
landeli sportis sasaxlis teritoriaze), sadac Cveulebriv stalinma uxmod gadaSala wigni, Caxeda da daxura. saxeze
meurmeebi ikribebodnen, soflebidan Camosuli adamianebi, rom- araviTari emocia! ver gaigebdi, ra naxa leqsikonSi da ra moi-
lebmac raGac gaKides da ukan apirebdnen gamgzavrebas... wona, Tu ar moiwona...
pirvelad nabdisqudianebi gamoelaparaknen: sam saaTSi Ca- kidev ramdenime SekiTxva dasva, isev Seamowma da wigni ux-
giKvanTo, uTxres, Tanac Zviri daufases... naTqvami araseriozu- mod daxura... isev araviTari reaqcia!
lad eCvena. maT rom daSorda, bewvisqudiani mTiulebi gamo- Sexvedridan rom modiodnen, respublikis xelmZGvanelma
Cndnen da TavianTi samsaxuri SemosTavazes, Tan uTxres: imaT k. Carkvianma b-n arnolds SeSfoTebiT hkiTxa: xom araferi Se-
(nabdisqudianebs) ar endoT, magaT qriste GmerTs uzangi Saay- geSalaT?
res! aseTi gamonaTqvami manamde ar gamegoo, _ GimiliT igoneb- b-ma arnoldma upasuxa, rom tomis redaqtoria, ramden-
da b-ni arnoldi. Jerme aqvs wakiTxuli da Secdoma gamoricxuliao...
meurmeebma SesTavazes: dilaadrian gavalT, amitom Game 26. stalins Tavis did misaGeb oTaxSi ramdenime taxti
26.
CvenTan gaaTie, Torem ver mogviswrebTo. axlos vcxovrobo edga, romlebzec muTaqebi elaga... omis dros Turme cota
rom uTxra, ar dagagviandeso, daabares... xniT Tu waiZinebda, isic ZiriTadad dGisiT...
meore dilas rom mivida, urmebi mariliT daetvirTaT. arn. Ciqobava: dGe eZina, Game fxizlobda, mTeli qveKana
marilian tomaraze daJda sxvebTan erTad... maSin samxedro gza- fxizlad iKo...
ze KaCaGoba iKo da meurmeebs eSinodaT, amitom ramdenime ure- 27. b-n arnolds ar uKvarda mravalsitKvaoba, lakoniu-
27.
mi erTad midioda... roba misi stilis damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi Tviseba iKo. amis
pirvel dGes mcxeTas gascdnen da Game bulaCaurSi gaaTi- damadasturebelia nawKveti rekomendaciidan, romelic 1968
es... mesame dGes fasanaurs miaGwies, meoTxe dGes _ qveSeTs... wlis 29 maiss aris dawerili da saTanado piris pirad saqmeSi
arn. Ciqobavam mivlinebis baraTi waradgina, romelSic inaxeba: `...vaja Sengelias, rogorc axalgazrda specialists,
ewera: esa da es piri saprofesorod mosamzadeblad aris dato- aqvs dakvirvebis niyi da enobrivi analizis unari; sistemuri
vebuli da xeli SeuwKveTo... profesori vegoneT da iqve, duqnis muSaobis Cvevac moepoveba. mTis iberiu-kavkasiur enaTa
Tavze gamomiKves patara oTaxio... Semdeg, adgilobrivi xelisuf- ganKofilebaSi misi Caricxva saqmis interesebs Seefereba...~
lebis xelSewKobiT, mTiuleTis ramdenime sofels ewvia... 28. b-n arnoldTan TaTbirze viKaviT: q. lomTaTiZe, g.
28.
25. stalins pirveli Sexvedrisas magidaze, `qarTuli
25. rogava, al. mahometovi da me. rogorGac sitKva Cemze Camoag-
enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis~ pirveli tomi edo, magram ara des da ramdenime Tbili sitKva iTqva. q-ma qeTevanma, sxvaTa So-
is, romelsac misTvis specialurad amzadebdnen (tKavis KdaSi ris, aGniSna: vaja Kvelas uKvars...
Casmuls), aramed Cveulebrivi, masobrivi tirajiT gamocemuli... arn. Ciqobava: ara mgonia, ase iKos... magram, Tu Kvelas
stalini: Kvela asea gamocemuli? uKvars, ar Kofila kargi kaci.

80 81
revaz Serozia romlebic sulxan-sabas azriT literaturuli ar aris, ganmar-
tebulia rogorc `glexuri~ an `msoflioni~:
qarTv
qarTve
Tveluri
luri sali
salite
litera
teratu
raturo
turo enisa
enisa da sulxan
sulxan-
xan-sabas
sabas `ma
maTe mcire foso glexurad~.
maTe
`sitKvis kon
konis~
is~ zogi
zogi saki
sakiTxi
kiTxisa
TxisaTvis
saTvis `be
bebia glexni KrmaT amqmels uwodeben~.
bebia
`ku duri kudiani, amas msoflioni grZneuls uwodeben...~
kudu
kuduri
1. qarTveluri enobrivi sistemis ZiriTadi varinti, _ iSviaTad, magram zog SemTxvevaSi dakonkretebulia, Tu
qarTveluri saliteraturo ena _ qristianobis gavrcelebamde romeli kuTxis (dialeqtis) `glexuria~ sitKva:
bevrad adre rom aris Seqmnili, dGes eyvs ar unda iwvevdes. `das
dasti yanni k o k a s uƒmoben; saGvinea didi~.
dasti
amasTan, xazgasmulia is unikaluri faqtic, rom istoriulad `ko xuJi (ko
koxu
koxuJi koxun Ji imeruli qalamani~.
koxunJi
xunJi)
mis `ganviTarebaSi wKveta ar momxdara, axali enobrivi sistema, `ki
ki,
ki, mi, Ke, que (ki
mi, Ke, ki,
ki, mi,
mi, Ke,
Ke, qve,
qve, qe,
qe, wen,
wen, ken...)
ken eseni
anu `axali ena~, ZvelTan mimarTebiT, ar CamoKalibebula~ (avT. sitKvaTa gemoTa arTronni arian, xolo romelnime imerelni
arabuli). amaTda nacvlad sitKvaTa Sina atanen: qe, wen cudi ars da
qe, wen;
qarTvelurma enobrivma sistemam Tavisi ganviTarebis gza- amao...~
ze _ garda saliteraturo variantisa _ warmoSva mravalfe- `oJi
oJiJi bade megrulad. mgrgvali badea qorT Tav(s) da-
oJiJi
rovani dialeqturi saxesxvaobani, _ sistemis `SesaZlebloba- sacmeli~.
Ta~ (b. foCxua) nairgvari variantuli Jgufebi. maTSi `am `Se- `ja
jare iare mesxurad.
jare
saZleblobaTa~ realizaciis Sedegebi saukuneebis manZilze sa- Tumca sulxan-saba asaxelebs mxolod yanebs, megrelebs,
literaturo enaSi akumulirdeboda. es procesi kargad Cans imerlebsa da mesxebs, magram leqsikonSi Setanili aqvs mravali
`vefxistKaosanSi~, ufro naTlad _ sulxan-sabas `sitKvis konaSi~. dialeqturi sitKva-forma. cxadia, rom avtori, marTalia,
2. KuradGebas iqcevs sulxan-sabas mier aramarto Setani- upirvelesad saliteraturo enis siwmindes icavda, magram qarTve-
li formebi, aramed maTi ganmartebebic, romlebic salitera- luri enobrivi sistemis variantTa masaliT ZiriTadi, salitera-
turo variantisa da dialeqtebis urTierTmimarTebisadmi av- turo variantis gamdidreba rom aucilebeli iKo, kargad esmoda.
toris pozicias naTlad warmoaCens.
sitKva-niSanTa ganmartebebisas sulxan-saba xSirad iKenebs
winadadeba-terminebs: `sxvaTa enaa~ (zogJer miTiTebulia, Tu
romeli enidan aris nasesxebi: `berZnuli~,...), `glexurad...~
(`glexuri~ ganmartebulia rogorc `mdabiuri~), `glexni... uwo- iza CantlaZe
deben~, `msoflioni... uwodeben~.
pirvel SemTxvevaSi, cxadia,ucxo ena igulisxmeba: jur-
jur-/ jir-
jir-/ jˆr
jˆr-- ZirTa
ZirTa urTi
urTier
TierTmi
erTmimar
TmimarTe
marTebi
Tebisa
bisaTvis
saTvis
`aqi
aqimi sxvaTa enaa,. qarTulad m k u r n a l i hqvian~.
aqimi qarTve
qarTvelur
Tvelur enebSi
enebSi
`kuti sxvaTa enaa, qarTulad s a p K a r i hqvian~. sxva re-
daqciaSi zogJer wKaro saxeldeba: `es kuti
kuti TaTarTa enaa, jam- specialur literaturaSi (Cuxua 2000-2003, gv. 183)
Ta viTarebiT SemouGiaT, qarTulad s a p K a r i a~. `sisvelisa~ da `wKalobis~ aGmniSvneli svanuri -jir jˆr Ziri
jir/-jˆr
jir jˆr-
qarTveluri enobrivi samKarodan moxmobili formebi, dakavSirebulia qarTuli enis fSauri dialeqtis leqsemasTan
zala (`Kvelis Sesanaxi mariliani, mlaSe wKali; waTxi~), magram
zala
82 83
is ar dasturdeba Zvel qarTul werilobiT ZeglebSi, rac ar- ki~, j‘n-t-a-
j‘n (ingil.) `surdo~, jujG-o
jujG (qiziK.) `wKlulis na-
Tulebs mis CaTvlas saerToqarTveluri donis monacemad. deni~, jujG-n-a
jujG (imer.) `uxeirod recxva~...
sulxan-saba orbelianisTvis zala zala igive walaa
walaa (`Saravi, megruli
viTa wKali~), romelic gvxvdeba rogorc Zvel qarTulSi, ise jver `sveli, wKliani~, jvar-u-a
jver-i jvar º jvar-jval
jval `wveTeba,
jvar jval-i
Tanamedrove qarTul dialeqtebsa da svanurSi `gawKalebuli wKlis sxma~, i-jvar
jvar-jval
jvar jval-u-{n}
jval `sveldeba~...
Cirqis~ mniSvnelobiT. aqve SeiZleboda gagvxseneboda leqsema vfiqrobT, rom saerToqarTveluri enis doneze unda
mo-wal
wal-vac
wal (`dasaZmaravi mxaleulis cxel wKalSi moTuTqva~). aGvadginoT *jur jur Ziri (Sdr. qiziK. jur-i
jur- jur `wveTi~, na-jur
jur-i
jur
am Ziris ugulebelKofa, vfiqrobT, uxerxulia maSin, roca `nawveTi, wveT-wveTad gamodenili~; gur. jur-i jur `saaraKe masala _
`sisvelis, siTxis~ aGmniSvnel sitKvaTa etimologiaze vmsJe- roca wKals daamateben, itKvian: juri juri mivecio~; ayar-jur jur-i
jur
lobT. wal nasesxebi unda iKos svanur enaSi Zveli qarTuli- `mkvaxe KurZnis wveni~), saidanac svanur enaSi umlautis Sede-
danve (gansxvavebuli TvalsazrisisaTvis ix. Fähnrich 1991, 17) da gad warmoqmnili delabializaciis procesiTa da reduqciis
gamoiKeneba mxolod lentexur dialeqtSi. aqac da svanuris da- (Tofuria, 1931, gv. 155-156; 1979, gv. 167) gziT (*jur jur+i
jur >
narCen kiloebSic ufro gavrcelebulia imave mniSvnelobis T’r. T’r *j‘r
j‘r > *j…ir
j…ir > jir > jˆr) jˆr miviGebdiT Tanamedrove metKvele-
Cveni azriT, saanalizo ZirTa Sepirispirebisas aucilebe- baSi dadasturebul leqsemebs: mˆ-jir jir `sveli~, li-jr jr (< lnt.
jr-e
li ar aris, amovideT Tanxmovnis maincadamainc sisina varian- lˆ-jir
jir-e)
jir `sveleba~, na-m-jir
jir-i
jir `sisvele~, lˆ-jr
jr (< lnt. lˆ-
jr-e
tidan, radganac Kvela qarTvelur enaSi `sisvelisa~ Tu raime jir-e)
jir `dasvelebuli~, bz. l-n-jir jir bq. l-m-jir
jir, jir `notio adgi-
`siTxis~ aGmniSvnel leqsemebSi swored j fonema figurirebs, li; sawvimari Gari~, na-jr jr (Col. na-jir
jr-e jir-e)
jir `odnav sdis~, ma-jˆr
jˆr
ZiriTadad, sonor bgeraTa da uZveles sufiqsTa garemocvaSi: `mowKaleba~, li-j j'r-e `wKalobis qmna~, na-l-jˆr jˆr `nawKalobevi~,
qarTuli Secodebuli~, le-jr jr (< lnt. le-jˆr
jr-i jˆr-i)
jˆr `sawKalobeli, sacodavi;
nij (Zv. q.) `cvari, sisvele~; `ni
nij-i niji aris cvaris umciresi
niji mˆ-jir
jir `SemwKalebeli, Semcodebeli~, mˆ-jr jr-i
jr (< lnt. mˆ-jˆr
jˆr-i)
jˆr
nawili~ (saba); Sdr. jin-jl
jin jl-v-a,
jl jon-v-a,
jon m-jon
jon-av-i,
jon ga-jon
jon-il-i,
jon `mowKale~,... _ rogorc vxedavT, sxvadasxva fonetikuri procesi
na-jon
jon-i,
jon na-jur
jur-i,
jur jvan (qarTl.) `najuri~, jGm-ut-i
jvan-i jGm (Zv. q.). (-jir
jir erTi mxriv, da -jˆr
jir-, jˆr meore mxriv) safuZvelia erTi da ima-
jˆr-,
`wvimis saxeoba~, jGv-ik-i
jGv (gur.) `wvimiani amindi~, jin-jGl
jin jGl-i
jGl ve -jur Ziris semantikuri diferencirebisa.
jur-
(saba) `wvrili Tqori~, jvan-q-i
jvan (gur.) `cvari, wveTi~, joq-o joq qarTvelur enebSi gamovlenili regularuli fonemaTSe-
(gur.) `wKalwKala Gvino~, jan-t-i
jan (saba) `mcire ram sisuele~, satKvisobebis sistemidan amosvliT zanur-svanurSi mosalodne-
ja-tK-i
ja (saba) `wKliani Tovli~, jal-t-am-i
jal (gur.) `TovlyKapi~, li iKo -jG jG kompleqsi, miTumetes, Tu SevudarebT erTmaneTs
jG-
jaj-un-i
jaj (qiziK.) `sxma wvimisa, sma Gvinisa~, jgleT-i
jgleT (imer., qarTuli enis aGmosavlur da dasavlur dialeqtTa zog mona-
gur.), jeT-q-i
jeT (leCx.) `kokispiruli wvima~, jv-av-i
jv (gur.) `nami, cems: TuSur-fSaur-qiziKuri jin-jl jin jl-i,
jl erTi mxriv, da guruli
cvari~, jv-ip-in-i
jv -leCx.) `sisvele~, Sdr. imer. jv-ep-o
jv `siTxis jin-jGl
jin jGl-i,
jGl meore mxriv (`wvrili wvima~); TuSuri jvrin-t-i, jvrin
qafi; ofli~, jvrin-t-i
jvrin (TuS.), jrin-t-i
jrin (mTiul., qiziK.) `wve- mTiul-qiziKuri jrin-t-i,
jrin erTi mxriv, da qarTluri jGin-t-i,
jGin
Ti~, jiT-q-i
jiT `wvrili wvima~, jm-or-i
jm (ray.) `Tqori~, mo-jr jr-ob-a
jr meore mxriv (`wKlis wveTi~). sagulisxmoa, rom svanuri enis
(gur.) `Kvelis amoKvanis Semdeg darCenili siTxis _ svelis erT-erT dialeqtSi swored mTiulur-qiziKuri formaa Sesuli
wamoduGeba da Tavze moKenebuli xayosebri masis gawurva~, (Sdr. lSx. jrint `wveTi, Klupi~). iqve gvaqvs -jG jG kompleqsis
jG-
jon-t-or-o
jon (gur.) `sveli SeSa~, jrin-v-a
jrin (fS.) `CuxCuxi, rakra- Semcveli monacemic (lSx. jGer `TqeSi~). es ukanaskneli leCxu-

84 85
mur dialeqtSic gamoiKeneba `Zlieri wvimis~ aGsaniSnavad, rac iza CantlaZe
svanuris (laSxuris) anareklia. logikurad sulac ar iqneba
gasakviri, rom saanalizo formebisaTvis (-jir jir -j
jir-, ˆr -jGer
jˆr-, jGer-)
jGer Cemi
Cemi moZGvarTmoZGva
moZGvarTmoZGvari
TmoZGvari
sakuTriv svanurSi amosavlad vivaraudoT *-jGur jGur romelSic
jGur-,
TandaTanobiT daiSala bgeraTkompleqsi. leqsemebi, romlebic Tuki sadme akademikos arnold Ciqobavaze miwevs msJelo-
gadmogvcemen `sisvelisa~ da `wKaloba > Secodebis~ semantikas, ba, me mas Kvelgan `moZGvarTmoZGvars~ vuwodeb, radganac Kve-
SeiZleboda migveGo rogorc -jur jur ise -jer
jur-, jer Ziridan, Tu me-
jer- la, vinc ki maswavlida universitetSi, asistentidan dawKebu-
grul masalasac gaviTvaliswinebT. es ki imas niSnavs, rom saer- li akademikosiT damTavrebuli, misi namowafari Tu mowafe
ToqarTveluri enis donezeve am ZirSi unda davuSvaT -u u/e
e- iKo; asobiT specialisti hKavda gawvrTnili _ `me meo
meores vera
veravis
ravis
xmovanTmonacvleoba. dava
davasa
vasaxe
saxelebT
xelebT,
lebT, romel
romelsac
melsac amde
amdeni
deni Zvirfa
Zvirfasi
fasi dro gaeGos Tao
Taoba-
ba-
qarTvelur enebSi dGesac SeiniSneba bgeraTkompleqsebis Ta aGzrdisa Tvis (akad. qeTevan lomTaTiZe).
aGzrdisaTvis
saTvis~
gamartivebis procesi: ra didebulad Tqva misma usaKvarlesma mowafem, SesaniS-
guruli: jGvep-i
jGvep i > Gvep-i
Gvep i > Gvip-i
Gvip i > Kvip-i
Kvip i (`odnav wvi- navma momGeralma da aranaklebma enaTmecnierma profesorma no-
miani, nisliani amindi~); dar andGulaZem! _ brZeni
brZeni osta
ostatis
tatis gakve
gakveTi
kveTileb
Tilebze
lebze Segird
Segird-
gird-
svanuri: li-jGam ur ’l > *li
li jGam-ur
jGam ur-’l li-jam ur ’l > li-j
li jam-ur
jam ur-’ li j…m-ur
…m ur-’l
ur ’l mwvrTnelis
vrTnelis paraparadig
radigma
digma icvle
icvlebo
vleboda
boda maZi
maZiebel-moZGvris para
Ziebel- para-
ra-
(`jGavili > aSliloba, areuloba~); digma do odesGac misTvis da givi mayavarianisTvis, roca isini
digmado
mado.
svanuri (bq., lnt.): bjGer (`Cvili, Krma~), imer.-gur.- batoni arnoldis aspirantebi iKvnen, albaT sevdanarevi tkivi-
leCx. bjGarti
bjGarti > bGarti ti ay. bGaSti
bGarti, bGaSti (`bartKi, bavSvi, Svili, liT maswavlebels isic ki uTqvams: ra Zneli iqneboda uTqve-
ususuri~). nod sicocxleo.
imerul-guruli: jgleT-i
jgleT > leCxumuri jeT-q-i
jeT (`kokispi- zGaprad dagvrCa mis mowafeebs saTaKvanebel moZGvarTan
ruli wvima~); bjGil (Col.) _ mCute, unaKofo TavTavi, Sdr. urTierTobis wlebi... dGemde gvesizmreba es saocrad keTil-
bjir _ `ugulo fetvi da misTanani~ (saba);
bjir-i Sobili adamiani, tanmorCili qaTqaTa kaci, magram imavdrou-
saba: jatK-i
atK > jant-i
jant `wKliani Tovli~... lad bumberazi pirovneba da mecnieri-filosofosi, vinc
xom ar SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom somxuri Jur (`wKali~) KovelTvis ise Girseulad gelaparakeboda urTules proble-
saerToqarTveluri *-jur jur Ziris gaafrikatebuli variantia?
jur- mebze, rogorc Tanatols...
aseT kacs memkvidre ar darCenia _ sul mgonia, rom misi
mravalricxovani mowafeebi mTel kavkasiaSi misi GviZli Svile-
bi viKaviT...
aseTi kaci ratomGac mkacri egonaT viGac-viGaceebs, anu
imaT, vinc mas axlos ar icnobda, Cven ki KovelTvis vaGmerTeb-
diT baton arnolds!
roca didi mecnieris 100 wlisTavze `xsovnis wigni~ mo-
mzadda, samwuxarod, me TbilisSi ar viKavi da, bunebrivia, ara-
nairi monawileoba ar mimiGia mis SeqmnaSi (aravin izruna Cem-

86 87
Tvis SeetKobinebina es ambavi); vaiTu veGar moveswro moZGvris hqonda ori wlis muSaobis staji. Zalian vinerviuleT _ gauq-
120 wlis iubiles da amitomac axla gadavwKvite, mogiTxroT mda samecniero sabyos rekomendaciebi, magram liana sturuas,
ramdenime epizodi misi `simkacris~ Sesaxeb: damana meliqiSvilsa da me es wesi ratomGac ar Segvexo. Cav-
mexuTe kursze rom gadavedi, zafxulSi kubaSi imarTebo- TvaleT, rom maSin sakmaod vCandiT universitetSi da albaT
da axalgazrdobis saerTaSoriso festivali, romelSic Cveni amitom gamogvarCies. mxolod xuTi wlis Semdeg (roca sakandi-
delegaciac monawileobda. sakmaod Zviri Girda es siamovneba, dato disertacias vicavdi) miTxra enaTmecnierebis institu-
magram mSoblebi Sempirdnen, rom `welebze fexs daidgamdnen~ tis maSindelma direqtorma, rom Turme ministr i. eliutinis-
da guls ar damwKvetdnen. sayiro iKo dokumentaciis Sekreba. Tvis miuweria baton arnolds Cem Sesaxeb axsna-ganmartebiTi
bunebrivia, rom kavkasiur enaTa ganKofilebis studenti veaxe- baraTi da dausabuTebia, rom aucilebeli iKo kadrebis momza-
li kavkasiur enaTa kaTedris gamges. wina wels, saxelobiTi deba svanur enaSi samuSaod (mavanni ki dGemde abraleben mas,
stipendiis moniyebis dros, ukve mqonda amis gamocdileba (ba- rom svanurSi arc Tavad muSaobda da arc sxvas amuSavebda _
toni arnoldis xeliT daweril daxasiaTebas dGemde mowiwebi- enadac ki ar miaCnda, qarTul-megrulis konglomerats eZaxdao;
Ta da siamaKiT vinaxav). roca gaigo saqmis viTareba, ise, rom netar arian morwmuneni!..).
erTi SekiTxvac ki ar dausvams, saocrad Gimilnarevi sidinJiT CemTvis arc ukiTxavs, ise Seuvsia aspirantis samuSao geg-
miTxra: `pativcemulo iza, kubaSi KovelTvis waxvalT momaval- ma, romelSic aGniSnuli iKo sadisertacio Temis saTauri `sa-
Si (xom gaxsovT, ra dro iKo maSin? TiTqmis naxevari saukunis xelTa bruneba da brunvaTa funqciebi qarTvelur enebSi~ da
win axalgazrda ki ara, buzic ver Sefrindeboda amerikis kon- adlerSi gamgzavrebula. kinaGam guli gamiskda _ maSin moskov-
tinentze!), axla ki svaneTSi unda wabrZandeT, radganac Tqveni Si sul axali gamosuli iKo prof. giorgi klimovis wigni
sadiplomo naSromi sruliad daumuSavebel sakiTxs exebao~. `Склонение имён в картвельских языках в сравнительно-историческом
marTlac ase iKo da, rasakvirvelia, xmac ar gamiGia. dGemde аспекте~ da me, 22 wlis gogonas, raGa unda mekvlia?!
damcinis Kvela, visac es faqti axsovs, Tumca sulac ar vnanob, mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi mamuSavebinebda aTasgvar refe-
rom maSin kubis nacvlad svaneTSi wavedi, saidanac or kviraSi rats (gansakuTrebiT akad. n. maris moGvaweobidan) sadiserta-
erTxel samecniero xelmZGvanels werilebs vwerdi imis Sesa- cio problemasTan dakavSirebiT. bolos, rogorc iqna, Sevkad-
xeb, Tu ras vsaqmianobdi _ es batoni arnoldis davaleba iKo. re _ sakandidatosTvis Zalian rTuli Temaa da Tu SeiZleba,
martis TveSi damacvevina sadiplomo naSromi kaTedris amas momavalSi gavakeTeb, axla ki rame martivi SemirCieT-meTqi.
sxdomaze _ gagigoniaT sadme amgvari ram?! maSinac da axlac axlac Tvalwin midgas batoni arnoldis momnusxveli mzera _
msgavsi sxdomebi imarTeba xolme ivnisSi. rogorc mogvianebiT mivxvdi, ar moewona, rom SevSindi, magram ukan ar dauxevia.
SevitKve, fakultetis samecniero sabyos aprilis TveSi unda `kargiTo, _ miTxra, Tavis droze sagangebod vmuSaobdi
ganexila im studentebis sakiTxi, visac rekomendacias aZlev- svanuri orfuZiani brunebis Seswavlaze (am mizniT svaneTSic
dnen aspiranturaSi. araerTxel vKofilvar), magram Semdeg aucilebeli gaxda xun-
davamTavreT universiteti da moxda saocari ram _ me- Zur enaze muSaoba da daGestanSi gadavinacvle. miuxedavad imi-
cnierebis sakavSiro ministrma gamosca brZaneba imis Sesaxeb, sa, rom araerTi naSromi Seiqmna, bevri ram mainc gaurkvevelia,
rom apiranturaSi Cabarebis ufleba eZleodaT mxolod im pi- radganac sakiTxia Zalian rTuli, Tanac mTis kavkasiur enaTa
rebs, visac universitetisa Tu institutis damTavrebis Semdeg orfuZiani brunebis sistemasTan konteqstSi gansaxilveli. ami-

88 89
tom mindoda dainteresebuliKaviT misi kvleviT, magram ra ga- misgan rigiani enaTmecnieri dadgebao.
ewKoba? davelaparakebi varlam Tofurias (batoni varlami Cemi maSin samecniero sabyos swavluli mdivani iKo prof. gu-
disertaciis konsultanti iKo) da mere gadavwKvitoT, rogor ram Tofuria da, bunebrivia, mas unda gaegzavna Sesabamisi oqmi
moviqceTo~. umaGles saatestacio komisiaSi. xumrobda: `xelmZGvanelis
erT kviraSi SemTxveviT Semxvda batoni varlami universi- sitKvebs cotaTi Sevamokleb; aba rusebs rogor mivwero amdeni
tetis foieSi. mivxvdi, rom ukve Kvelaferi icoda, radganac ram qalis sindis-namusis Sesaxebo~.
Soridanve iGimeboda (albaT, gaocebuli iKo, batoni arnol- aspiranturaSi swavlis dros SemeZina qaliSvili. Jan-
dis SerCeul Temaze uari rom vTqvi). vTxove, Tu SeiZleba Zve- mrTelobis mxriv mZime mdgomareoba mqonda (erTi Tve viweqi
li svanuri xalxuri sagaloblebis enas Seviswavli-meTqi. Zali- saavadmKofoSi) da batoni arnoldis seminarebze didxans ar
an gaukvirda _ ki, magram, es ufro rTuli araa, vidre saxel- mivsulvar. roca bolosdabolos gamovcxaddi enaTmecnierebis
Ta brunebao? institutSi, saSinlad Sewuxda, iseTi gaKviTlebuli da gamxda-
ise gavTavxeddi, rom arc erT genioss ar davuJere da ma- ri viKavi. samkurnalod `fitini~ daminiSna, romelic dGesac ki
inc Cemi arCeuli Tema warmovadgine dasacavad _ sxvaTaSoris farTo satelevizio reklamiT gamoirCeva. samecadinodac Sin
vadaze adre, ris gamoc premia davimsaxure. damibara. mkiTxa, ra SualedSi aymevT Tqvens pawia moqalaqeso,
rogorc Kvela disertanti, Zalian vnerviulobdi dacvis da im periodSi vmuSaobdiT xolme erTad Zvel qarTulSi, pa-
dGes da samecniero sabyos sxdomaze damagvianda. batoni ar- limfsestur teqstebze. KovelTvis saaTi hqonda daniSnuli.
noldi Semosula Cvens ganKofilebaSi, albaT SeeSinda, kidev ise gaverTobodi saseminaro saqmianobiT, rom erTaderTi Svi-
rame ucnauri ar Camedina. erTianad SeZrulni damxvdnen Tanam- li zogJer aGarc maxsovda, baton arnolds ki Cemi Tamriko
Sromlebi _ sxdomaTa darbazSi Sesvlamde xelmZGvaneli auci- arasdros daviwKebia _ axla Cqara gaiqeciT Sin, Torem Tqveni
leblad naxeo. vifiqre, tKavs gamaZrobs-meTqi, magram iciT, ra patara moqalaqe tirils daiwKebso.
miTxra? sul mekiTxeboda bavSvis ambebs. erTxel mamamiszec mki-
_ Sesavali sitKva gind waikiTxeT, gind zepirad TqviT, Txa, Tumca Zalze delikaturad, magram ise Sevwuxdi, rom vera-
oGond oponentebs pasuxi sadme Cauxedavad gaeciT. saerTod ki feri vupasuxe (Cemi Svilis mamasTan seriozuli problemebi
imaze nu ifiqrebT, rom disertanti xarTo. mqonda) da saSinlad avqviTindi. uceb momesma magidaze muStis
TiTqos arc araferi icoda Cemi dagvianebis Sesaxeb _ am dartKmis xma.
mxriv araferi uTqvams. _ Tqven Jer Zalian axalgazrda xarT da arc ki iciT, Tu
rogorc Cans, dacvis procesma normalurad Caiara, rac ra rTulia cxovreba! cremlebiT verafers gaxdebiT! mTavaria
SeetKo kidec samecniero xelmZGvanelis gamosvlas: far-xmali ar daKaroT!
_ pativcemul izas Cven saxelTa brunebis damuSaveba da- saubris Tema sruliad Secvala da miambo imis Sesaxeb,
vavaleT, magram amJerad man ratomGac sxva Tema irCia. es saki- Tu 1941 wlis 22 ivniss rogor iJda dalaqTan daGestnis erT-
Txi Zalze rTulia _ sadoqtoro disertaciis Tema SeiZleba erT miuval aulSi da araferi icoda omis dawKebaze. ukanas-
iKos da aucileblad unda gakeTdes. Tu Cveni disentanti poe- kneli groSebic iq datova da ris vai-vaglaxiT (fexiT, cxeniT,
ziis tKveobaSi ar moeqceva, misi mecnieruli keTilsindisiere- urmiT...), baqodan SemovliT, ramdenime dGis mSier-mwKurvalma
ba da dGevandeli naSromi safuZvels gvaZlevs vifiqroT, rom Zlivs CamoaGwia TbilisSi. bolos ikiTxa:

90 91
 _ rame materialuri gayirveba xom ar gqoniaT odesme? Ta ganmartebisas, an (3) SeiZleba sailustracio masalaSi
_ ara-meTqi _ vupasuxe. gvxvdebodes.
_ hoda, nu geSiniaT, arc momavalSi gagiyirdebaTo. eqstralingvisturi (enciklopediuri) informaciis mimar-
Zalze merideba, amden adgils rom vikaveb `arnold Ciqo- Teba lingvisturTan mravalmxriv sainteresoa. erTi mxriv, am-
bavas XIX sakiTxavebSi~, magram ar SemiZlia ar gavixseno Cveni gvari informacia gamoiKeneba sitKvis mniSvnelobis ukeTesad
bolo Sexvedra: axsnisaTvis, meore mxriv, igi afarToebs adresatis enciklope-
batoni arnoldi Zalian avad gaxda _ im mitklisferi diur codnas obieqtur garesamKaroze. eqstralingvisturi in-
edo, romelSic iwva _ hemoglobini daeca. ratomGac maSin formaciis moculoba da xasiaTi ganisazGvreba leqsikonis ti-
gawKda C vitamini da `ferumleki~. me da Cemma dam _ prof. piT. amgvari informaciis CarTvas ganmartebiT, TargmniT Tu
greta CantlaZem mTeli Tbilisi SemovirbineT da raGac saswa- ideografiul leqsikonebSi ganapirobebs Semdegi faqtorebi:
ulad viSoveT wamlebi. prof. vaja Sengelias uTqvams misTvis a) nacionaluri da socialuri realiebi:
Kvelaferi. b) `samKaros danawevreba~ sxvadasxvagvarad sxvadasxva enis
SewuxebulxarTo _ Zlivs miTxra saTaKvanebelma maswav- matarebelTa mier;
lebelma. g) naklebadcnobili cnebebi (samecn., ist., egzot. da
vgrZnobdi, rom veGar vnaxavdi baton arnolds da misT.), romlebic sayiroebs axsnas.
gadavwKvite, sikvdilis win mainc meTqva madloba im amagisTvis, eqstralingvistur informaciaSi gansakuTrebiT yarbobs
rac man Kvela Tavis mowafeze gaswia. denotatiuri tipis sitKvebi (obieqtTa saxelebi), romelTa se-
_ Tqven rom wuxdebodiT xolme CvenTvis-meTqi? mantikuri komponentebi asaxaven aGsaniSni obieqtis Tavisebu-
_ es vali iKo, didi vali maswavleblisao... rebebs, Tumca aseve xSiria leqsika, romelic miiswrafvis sig-
eh, kidev ramdeni sikeTis gaxseneba SeiZleba am TiTqosda nifikaturi mniSvnelobisken (zmnebi, zedsarTavi da abstraqtu-
mkacri adamianis Sesaxeb, magram amaze sxva dros... li saxelebi da sxv.). TiTqmis Kovelgvari obieqti SeiZleba da-
xasiaTdes rogorc diaqroniul, ise sinqroniul planSi. amas-
Tan dakavSirebiT eqstralingvisturi informacia leqsikonSi
SeiZleba asaxavdes obieqtis Semdeg aspeqtebs: istorias, saxes-
xvaobebs, agebulebasa da Tvisebebs, daniSnulebasa da funqcio-
manana CaCaniZe nirebas. am niSnebis mixedviT sitKvebis `Semowmeba~ leqsikog-
rafs ubiZgebs moiZios da leqsikonSi CarTos Sesabamisi Se-
eqstra
eqstralin
stralingvis
lingvistu
gvisturi
turi infor
informa
formacia
macia leqsi
leqsikon
sikoneb
konebSi
ebSi
sitKvebebi, axsnebi, citatebi. cxadia, amgvari samuSaoebis Casa-
tareblad didi mniSvneloba aqvs im masalebs, rac SeiZleba
eqstralingvisturi informacia leqsikonSi SeiZleba
gamodges leqsikografiul wKarod.
warmodgenili iKos orgvarad:
I. sitKva-statiis gansakuTrebul zonaSi,
II. TviT sitKva-statiis korpusSi.
es informacia SeiZleba mocemuli iKos (1) frCilebSi, an
(2) SeiZleba warmoadgendes gansazGvrebis nawils mniSvneloba-

92 93
merab Cuxua ◊ s.-daG. *w
w(…
…)ar
ar `saxli~ (xunZ. wara-qi,
ar- wara axv. yari
yari-qo
ri `sax-
li; oJaxi (Sinaurebi)~; lak. wa `saxli~; xin. w…a `saxli~);
saer
saerTo
erTokav
Tokavka
kavkasi
kasiu
siuri same
sameur
meurneo
urneo Kofa c…ˆ `saxli; sofeli~ (afx. (bzif.) -c
◊ s.-sind. *c…ˆ
c…ˆ- cʾu `so-
(Seno
Senoba
noba-
ba-nage
nagebo
gebobe
bobebi
bebi)
bi) feli~, ubix. c…ˆa
c…ˆ `saxli, oTaxi~).

◊ s.-qarTv. *beG
beG-o/beG
beG beG-el-
beG `beGeli~ (qarT. beG-o,
beG beG-el-i,
beG ◊ s.-qarTv. *w…ed
w…ed-en-
w…ed `sveti; kedeli~ (qarT. wvd-en-i
wvd `sve-
zan. baG
baG-u `beGeli~, svan. bG- bG `beGeli; pureulis Se-
bG-…
bG ←*bG tis gverdis mTliani qva~, zan. (megr.) yid-a
yid º yˆd-a
yˆd ←*yud yud-a
yud
sanaxi didi kidobani~); `tixari~, svan. y…
y…d `kedeli~);
◊ s.-nax. *b„
b„-o…
b„ `sabrZolo koSki~ (iCq. b„-ou,
b„ ing. v„-o…
v„ ◊ s.daG. *w…e
w…e r)d
w…e(r d- `koSki; qvis figura~ (did. cili
cili `koS-
b„-o…,
b„
←*b„ bacb. {b„
b„-ov});
b„ ki~; lak. yu´
yu´ "id"; darg. weld-a
ld `saflavis qva~; Tab. yurd,
yurd
◊ s.-daG. *bet
bet¾-o `farduli~ (xunZ. bot¾
bet¾ bot¾, and. bet¾
bet¾i, axv. aG. wud,
wud ruT. wud,wud arC. wuT `koSki; qvis figura; qvis an-
bet¾o, yam. bet¾
bet¾ bet¾, tind. bet¾
bet¾i, kar. bet¾
bet¾e, boTl. bet¾
bet¾i, bagv. Za/sveti~).
bet¾, God. bet¾
bet¾ bet¾i; hin. bul¶
bul¶e, xvarS. bul¶
bul¶u, inx. bul¶
bul¶u, bej.
bul¶o; lak. f´al,
bul¶ al darg. biG);
biG ◊ s.-qarTv. *agur
agur `aguri~ (qarT. agur-i,
agur- agur zan. (megr.)
◊ s.-sind. *ba„
ba„ `cixe-simagre, farduli~ (afx. a-ba
ba„-a baa ba„a,
ba ←*a-ba
ba ogur-i,
gur sitKvaSi ogur-xinJ-i
ogur `agur-xidi~ (top.), laz. engur
engur-i
gur
abaz. ba„a
ba„ `cixe-simagre~, Kab. baƒ `farduli~); gur-i `aguri~);
ongur
on
←*on gur
◊ hur.-urart. *burG
burG `koSki~ (urart. burG-ana
burG- burG `koSki~); ◊ s.-nax. *ang
ang …)ar
ang(… ar-i
ar `faifuri~ (iCq. angali ing. angal‹
angali
gali, angal‹
`sarke, faifuri~, bacb. ankr-a‡o
ankr angar
angar-a‡o
←*angar "id");
◊ s.-qarTv. *cx…en
cx…en `sxveni; yeri~ (qarT. sx…en-i
cx…en- sx…en º sxven-i,
sxven ◊ s.-daG. *amg…a
amg…a `faifuri~ (lezg. hamga
amg…a- hamga `broli~, Tab.
zan. cxvin-i
cxvin º cxven-i
cxven º cxon-i
cxon `sxveni, yeri~, svan. cx…en `sxveni~); hamg, aG. „agu-g
hamg „agu `faifuri, sarke~);
◊ s.-nax. *cxar
cxar `farduli (Senobisa)~ (iCq. cxar,
cxar- cxar ing. cx–
cx–r, ◊ s.-sind. *amga `sarke~ (ad. afC ←*aafq,
amga
amga- fq Kab. abJ ←*aabg
bacb. {cxar
cxar});
cxar `sarke, mina~).
◊ s.-daG. *caƒ…ir `beGeli; farduli~ (xunZ. caG…r
caƒ…ir-
`beGeli~, xin. cuƒa `farduli (saqonlis)~, ƒ-sTvis Sdr. Zv. ◊ s.-qarTv. *qal
qal-a
qal `mcire nageboba; karavi~ (qarT. qala
qala
qarT. sƒƒuen-i); `kar-fanJris CarCo~, zan. (megr.) qolo
qolo `kasri~, svan. (z. sv.)
◊ hur.-urart. *cxar
cxar ˆ `damxmare Senoba~ (hurit. i-cxarˆ
cxar-ˆ cxarˆ qel `karavi~);
`damxmare Senoba, samzareulo~). ◊ s.-daG. *qol
qol `kar-midamo nagebobebiT~ (xunZ. quli
qol-a quli º
lo and. quli
qolo
qolo, li axv. qila
quli, la tind. q½ila,
qila, ila kar. qile
le bagv.
qile,
◊ s.-qarTv. *wal
wal `walo, ganJina~ (qarT. wal
wal- wal-o `ganJina~; q½ila `kar-midamo nagebobebiT~);
`mTxreblis saxeoba~ (saba), zan. ya-
ya sitKvaSi in-ya
ya `ya~, svan.
al `qoxi~ (afx. a-qq½la,
◊ s.-sind. *qq½al-a la abaz. q½ala,
ala ad. C–l½
yar-r
yar `yebi~);
←*qq½alˆ,
alˆ Kab. Cˆl½
Cˆl½ ←*qq½ˆlˆ `qoxi~).
◊ s.-nax. *wan
wan `saxli, oTaxi~ (iCq. wa,
wan- wa mr. wen-oS,
wen ing. w– _
wen-–S,
wen bacb. wa _ wen-bu);
wen

94 95
 ◊ s.-qarTv. *xal
xal `cxovreba, saxloba~ (qarT. sa-xl
xal- xl º sa-
xl-i ◊ s.-qarTv. *Sen Sin `Seneba; Senoba~ (qarT. Sen-eb-a,
Sen-/*Sin
Sen Sin- Sen Sen-i,
Sen
xel `saxli~, zan. o-xor
xel-i xor `saxli~, xor-
xor-i xor `saxloba~, ma-xor
xor-
xor Sin `xevsuruli saxlis qvemo sarTuli~, svan. sgir-i
Sin-a sgir º skir-i
skir
`mosaxle~); `svanuri saxlis qveda sarTuli~);
◊ s.-nax. *-lx
lx `saxloba~ (iCq.
lx- ƒa-lx
lx-ar,
lx ing. ƒa-lx
lx-ar
lx ◊ s.-daG. *sin
sin `miwebeba, dadeba, daxurva, daketva~ (xunZ.
sin-
`gadasaxleba~, bacb. ƒa-lx
lx-ar
lx "id"); de axv. Sin-,
sede
sede-, Sin yam. sin-,
sin tind. sin-ih-,
sin kar. sin-,
sin bagv. sin…-,
sin…
◊ s.-daG. *xal
xal `saxli; farduli~ (xunZ. hor `farduli~,
xal- God. sini ni lak. sina
sini; na darg. da-sn
sina, sn-i;
sn wax. ga-s
s´an,
an kriw. ƒ´i-sn
sn-,
sn
yam. xal `saxli~; lezg. xal,
xal Tab. xal `saxli~, aG. xal,
xal ruT. arC. s´´us´
us´ˆ-bos).
xal wax. xa… ←*xal
xal, xal kriw. xal,
xal, xal bud. xal `saxuravi, sxveni~,
arC. xal `bude~, xali
xali `oJaxi~).

◊ s.-qarTv. *Kasr
Kasr `cixe-simagre; samefo saxli~ (Zv. qarT.
Kasr- nugzar cecxlaZe
kasr-i, zan. (megr.) ‡orS-i
kasr ‡orS º KorS-i
KorS `cixe-simagre, koSki~, svan.
KarS (top.)); floro
floroni
ronime
nimebi
mebi SavSe
SavSeTis
SeTis
◊ s.-daG. *Kas
Kas `sawoli, Taro~ (darg. Kasi `sawoli~, aG.
Kas-i topo
toponi
ponimi
nimia
miaSi
Kas, wax. Kas,
Kas Kas arC. Kas `Taro~);
◊ s.-sind. *K…aS
K…aS `mcire nageboba (karviseburi)~ (ad. ƒ…aS,
K…aS- …aS, SavSeTis toponimiaSi TvalsaCino adgili uyiravs mcena-
Kab. K…aS).
K…aS reTa saxelebisagan momdinare toponimebs.
SavSeTi tKeebiTa da mcenareuli safariT mdidari regi-
◊ s.-qarTv. *buZ
buZ `Taro; adgili Zirdadgmuli saxlis ka-
buZ- onia. Jer kidev XIX saukunis bolos z. yiyinaZe aGniSnavda, rom
rebTan~ (qarT. buZ-o
buZ º buZ-u
buZ º buZ-e,
buZ zan. (laz.) buJ-eJ-i,
buJ svan. `SavSeTSi izrdeba mravalnairi xe, balaxi, Kvavilebi, xexili. aq
buJ-er
buJ º bˆJ-er
bˆJ `Taro~); xili kargi icis, nametur joli (bjoli) ... modis puri, simin-
◊ s.-nax. *boJ
boJ-al-
boJ `saJinibo, gomi~ (iCq. buo
buojal º buobuoJal di, qeri, Gomi, lobio (metad kargi scodnia), kartofili, yar-
`Tavla~, ing. bej–
bej–l º beJ–
beJ–l ←*b÷Jal
b÷Jal `saJinibo~, bacb. {bo
boJal
boJal});
Jal xali, mwvanileuloba, erTi sitKviT, aqeT kaci rasac dargavs
da daTesavs, Kvelaferi xeirobs, garda brinJisa~. (z. yiyinaZe,
◊ s.-daG. *boJ
boJ-en-
boJ `beGeli~ (xunZ. bejen
bejen `beGeli~; hin. bej,
bej
musulmani qarTveloba da maTi soflebi saqarTveloSi, tf.,
bej. bej,
bej hunz. bej `Semokavebuli adgil-nageboba cxvarTaTvis~).
1993, 265, 267). ufro adre, 1874 wels, g. Kazbegi werda: `Sav-
SeTis buneba gacilebiT mdidaria. mesaqonleoba da mexorbleo-
◊ s.-qarTv. *lanZ…
lanZ… `fanJara, urduli~ (Zv. qarT. lanZ…-i
lanZ…- lanZ…
ba aq SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad ganviTardes. SavSeTi awarmoebs
`fanJara~, svan. leJ…r
leJ…r-n-i
…r lerJ…-n-i
←*l J… `urduli~);
xorbals, romelic baTumis bazarze Karsisas sJobnis. miwis
◊ s.-daG. *naZ…
naZ… `kari; fanJara~ (xunZ. nuw´
naZ…- nuw´a, and. hinw´
hinw´u, zGapruli naKofierebis pirobebSi SavSeTi SesaZloa gaxdes
axv. i¹w´o, yam. hi¹
hi¹¬…, tind. hinc´
hinc´u, kar. hinw´
hinw´u, boTl. hinw´
hinw´u,
xorblis warmoebis centri~ (g. Kazbegi, sami Tve TurqeTis sa-
bagv. hu¹
hu¹w´, God. hinc´
hinc´u; did. ac,
ac hin. ac,
ac xvarS. ac,
ac bej. a¹c, qarTveloSi, baTumi, 1995, 97).
hunz. ˆ¹cu;
cu lak. nuz,nuz darg. unc
unc´a º unZa
unZa `kari~; Tab. uny…
regionis mravalsaxeobiani mcenareuli saxelebi aisaxa
`fanJara~).

96 97
toponimebSi. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac toponimad warmodgeni- toponimi pantis seri mTa (iveTi)...; mu
pantis seri xa : muxner
muxa muxner (← muxnari)
lia pirdapir mcenaris saxeli. e. i. adgilis saxeldeba moxda tKe (z. sulisi), muxo bani sofeli (SavSeTi)...; ni
muxoba
xobani nigo zi : nigo
gozi
go nigo-
go-
metonimiis gziT mag; murKani tKe (kuyeni), lerwa wami saTibi (mi-
lerwami zira (← nigozizira ← nigozis Zira ← nigozis Ziri) saTi-
zira
qeleTi)... bi (wKalsimeri)...; tKema li : tKim
tKemali tKimli
lizi
li ziri
zi ri (← tKimliZiri ←
toponimis fuZed aGebulia xe-mcenareuli, kulturuli tKimlis Ziri ← tKemlis Ziri) saTibi (xevwruli)...; as li _
asli
da balax-mcenareuli saxelebi: `arc erT sxva enaSi xorbleulis am JiSs aseTi saxeli ar ewo-
arKi : arKieTi Ti sofl. ubani (zeda sulisi), arKnali
arKieTi, arKnali tKe deba da amis gamo es termini namdvil qarTul sitKvad unda
(weTileTi)...; as aski li : aski
kili
ki luani saTibi (manatba)...; ba
askilu
kilua li :
bali vcnaT~ _ wers iv. JavaxiSvili (saqarTvelos ekonomikuri isto-
balva
balvana
va na (← balovana) sofeli (SavSeTi)...; balsu
bal suka
kana
suka na saTibi ria, I, tf., 1930, 338). naas
naasle
aslevi
levi saTiTibi (diobani)...; ifqli
saTibi ifqli:
qli
(maCxateTi), balTa TaxevGele Gele (Cixori), didbli
balTaxevGele didblizi ziri (←
bliziri `SavSeTis friad momcem barSi uxvad modis simindi da xorba-
didi blis Ziri) saTesi (xevwruli)...; bza : bzaTa bzaTa sofl. ubani li (ifqli)~ _ werda gazeTi `iveria~ 1877 wels, #18, gv. 8
(wKalsimeri); Sdr. zvani _ sofeli vanis raionSi. vaS li :
vaSli (avtori petre umikaSvili). SavSeTSi, iseve rogorc saqarTve-
vaSlaT saTibi (yuarebi), vaSlTaKana
vaSlaT vaSlTaKana saTesi (axaldaba)...; ve vena
na--
na los sxva danarCen kuTxeebSi naTes xorbleuls (purs, qers,
xi : vena
venaxexebi saTesi (svirevani)... amjamad vazi gaSenebulia Sav-
naxebi yvavs) ZvalTeslurs eZaxian, xolo Semodgomaze naTess _
SeT-imerxevis dablob adgilebSi, umetesad mdinareTa gaswriv ifqls, romelic aseTive mniSvnelobiT ixmareboda Zvel qar-
mdebare soflebSi. muslimanuri religiis gavrcelebamde es TulSi da aGniSnavda Semodgomis xorbleuls, an saerTod pu-
kultura erT-erTi wamKvani dargi iKo. amas adasturebs sxva- reuls. sakvlev regionSi ifql-i Zirisgan ramdenime geografi-
dasxva soflebSi (tbeTi, wiTveTi, ifxreveli...) dGesac Semo- uli saxeli aris nawarmoebi, rac migvaniSnebs imas, rom pureu-
rCenili qvis sawnaxlebi. ver xvi: verxvi
verxvi nali sof. (SavSeTi),
verxvina
xvinali lis es JiSi aq sakmaod gavrcelebuli iKo. ifxra na (← ifxria-
ifxrana
xvnala tKe (xevwruli)...; Te
verxvna
verxvnal la : TelawKaro
Tela TelawKaro wKaro (ube)...; na) saTibi (maCxateTi), ifxrevli
ifxrevli...;
li ifxreveli erT-erTi didi
TuTa
Tu Ta, igive bjoli º bjola (SavSeTis soflebi cnobilia am sofelia imerxevSi. `ifxreuli~ º `ifxreveli~ `imerxeulis~
kulturiT `kulturuli mcenareulobidan aq kargad xarobs (iqiTa mxaris) saxenacval formad miaCnia i. sixaruliZes (i. si-
TuTis xe~ _ werda g. Kazbegi) : TuTiGele TuTiGele Gele (CixvTa)...; xaruliZe, SavSeT-imerxevi, baTumi, 1988# 51). vfiqrobT, to-
kata
ka ri : katarT
tari
ta katarT saTibi (Jinali), katruani tKe (wKalsimeri), ponimis amosavali fuZe aris igive ifqli. analogiuri Zirisaa
kate
katero
terova vani tKe (svirevani)...; le
rovani kis xe : leknar
lekis narTi saTibi (za-
leknarTi toponimi ifxrevani saZovari (sinkoTi)...; se li : selav
seli lavri saTi-
selavri
qieTi), lekTu
lekTuka kana tKe (ube)...; msxa
Tukana li : msxloba
msxali bani sofeli
msxlobani bi (ifxrevli), nasel vari saTesi (bazgireTi), svi
naselva
selvari li : svire
svili svireva
reva-
va-
(SavSeTi), sxalfi fila sof. ubani (svirevani), msxalna
sxalfila nari saTibi
msxalnari ni (← svilevani) sofeli (imerxevi)...; qe ri : qerev
qeri revla saTibi
qerevla
(xevwruli), msxalna nariGele Gele (xevwruli), sxalTnam
msxalnariGele sxalTnamw
Tnamwuri (weTileTi), qeriKana
qeriKana tKe (morGeli)...; yi li : yili
yili lieTi sazam-
yilie
saTibi (ifxevli)...; adgilobriv msxlis mravali JiSi xarobs, Tro sadgomi (tbeTi), yila lauri saZovari (sxlobani)...
yilau
maTgan erT-erTi kutala msxalia, romelic fuZed udevs ramde- floronimebia sakvlevi regionis geografiuli saxelebi:
nime geografiul saxels: kuta leTi sof. ubani (svirevani),
kutale
taleTi deTi saTibi (yinali), brinJva
barde
bardeTi Jvali saTesi (weTileTi), bazgi
brinJvali bazgi-
gi-
kuta
ku tali
ta lizi
li zi ri (← kutaliZiri, kutalis Ziri) saTesi (manatba),
ziri reTi (← baZgireTi) sofeli (imerxevi), naos
reTi naospa
pari
ospari saTesi (xev-
kuta
kutalelebi saTesi (xevwruli). velur anu tKis msxals aq, ro-
talebi wruli) da a. S.
gorc saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, panta hqvia. dasturdeba rogorc vxedavT, mcenareuli saxelebi farTod aris

98 99
warmodgenili regionis geografiul nomenklaturaSi. gvxvdeba miGebuli svanuris Semdeg gamoTqmaSi dadasturebuli fink- fink
rogorc xe-mcenareuli, aseve kulturuli da balaxeuli mcena- fink{ ligne _ nangrevebad qceva; daqucmaceba, damsxvre-
fink{…}ild ligne
reebisagan momdinare toponimebi. va. f i n k … i l d i l ˆ g  n d a icxrSi (poez. 224) _ mtve-
ri idga msxlis fqvilisa (namcecebad eKara msxlis fqvilisagan
gakeTebuli namcxvari).

nineli yoxoneliZe

futk-
futk-, funk-
funk- fuZe
fuZeTa
ZeTa nino xarCilava
warmomav
warmomavlo
mavlobi
lobisa
bisaTvis
saTvis
saqor
saqorwi
qorwil
wilo sufra
sufra da masTan
masTan dakav
dakavSi
kavSire
Sirebu
rebuli
buli
1. `dawvis~ mniSvnelobiT Zvel qarTulsa da qarTulis zogi
zo gier
gierTi
erTi termi
termini
mini samur
samurzaKano
murzaKanoSi
zaKanoSi
enis rig dialeqtSi dasturdeba sxvadasxvafuZiani sitKvebi:
samurzaKanoSi erTdGiani qorwili icodnen. GamiT imar-
futK ganfutKva `dawva~ nuukue mexistexaman gangkafos,
futK-:
Teboda nadimi, romelic gamTeniisas unda dasrulebuliKo. sa-
anu elvaman g a n g f u t K o s [A=92 222r, 21-22).
qorwilo sufras emsaxureboda dudko koCi (Tavkaci), romelsac
dudkoCi
funtkl gadafuntklavs `gadabugavs, gadawvavs, cecxls
funtkl-:
oJaxi irCevda. mis movaleobas sufrisTvis Tvalis devneba
waukidebs~ (rayuli).
warmoadgenda. igi pasuxs agebda Kovelgvar wvrilmanze (sufris
futkr gadafutkravs `gadawvavs~ (imeruli).
futkr-:
gawKoba-galamazebiT dawKebuli stumar-maspinZlebis mier suf-
zemoaGniSnuli fuZeebis amosavlad migvaCnia futk-,
futk ro-
rasTan adgilis dakavebiT damTavrebuli). mas emorCileboda
melic, Cveni azriT, saerToqarTveluri warmomavlobisaa da Se-
sufris Kvela mosamsaxure, mimtani da meriqife. nadimis
esabameba svanuris futk-
futk º fuTk-
fuTk fuZes. fuTk…‹rd,
fuTk…‹rd
dawKebamde stumar-maspinZels igi iaraGs CamoarTmevda da oJa-
futk…‹rd liCedliCed _ gadabugva, ferflad qceva. eJ Jor
xis ufross Caabarebda. warsulSi sufrasTan iaraGiT Jdoma
f u t k … ‹ r d a C a d (lSx.) _ is saxli daiferfla).
miuGeblad iTvleboda. es wesi XX saukunis II naxevramde moqme-
Zveli qarTulis futK-,
futK dialeqturi funtkl-,
funtkl futkr-
futkr
debda. Kvela stumari da maspinZeli valdebuli iKo Tavisi ia-
variantebi ki futk-
futk fuZis fonetikuri cvlilebis Sedegad
raGi oJaxis ufrosisTvis Caebarebina, rasac igi sufris dasas-
unda migveGo.
rulamde inaxavda. iaraGis CamorTmeva stumarmaspinZlobis uZ-
2. qarTuli enis rig dialeqtSi (qiziKuri, ingilouri,
veles tradicias warmoadgenda, romelic saqarTvelos TiTqmis
ayaruli, imerx.) funk-
funk º fung-fuZiani
fung sitKvebi niSnavs `da-
Kvela kuTxeSi fiqsirdeba (mowerelia 1984, gv. 26).
Slas, gafuyebas, arev-darevas~. CvenebianT xuroi urem xan agebs
samurzaKanoSi sufrasTan daculi iKo sqesobriv-asakob-
da xana f u n k a v s (qiziKuri). vin a f u n g a aqa…roba ra
rivi diferenciaciis principi. sufris erT mxares, marcxniv,
giqnian es, sul tarmataGini gigixdian! (ayaruli).
isxdnen qalebi, meore mxares ki, marJvniv, _ mamakacebi. sufras-
vfiqrobT, rom fung-
fung (← funk-)
funk k-s gamjGerebis Sedegia.
Tan Jdomis msgavsi principebi saqarTveloSi arsebobda V sau-
funk-s ki SeesatKviseba u → i palataluri umlautis Sedegad
funk
kuneSic, roca dedakacs ar hqonda mamakacTan `puris yamis~

100 101
ufleba (curtaveli 1964, gv. 37). arqanJelo lambertis cno- tolba
tolbaSiSi romelsac igive azrobrivi da funqcionaluri da-
baSi,
biT, `qalebi da kacebi sufrasTan cal-calke sxedan~ (lamber- tvirTva aqvs. `tolumbaSi Turquli sitKvaa da tikis ufross
ti 1938, gv. 48). rogorc Cans, saqme gvaqvs patriarqaluri niSnavs. igi imave mniSvnelobisaa, rac Tamada~ (qarTuli enis
oJaxisaTvis damaxasiaTebel wesTan, romelmac droTa ganmavlo- ganmartebiTi leqsikoni 1960, gv. 316). Tamadisa da tolumba-
baSi transformacia ganicada. Sis Sesaxeb Tavisi mosazreba hqonda z. yiyinaZes. `Tamada da
sufraze lxinis dawKebisas or-sam sadGegrZelos arKiT tolumbaSi erekle II-is dros damkvidrebulia. masTan xSirad
dalevdnen. amas gilax vama (urTierTgacnobis sadGegrZelo)
gilaxva
laxvama modiodnen stumrebi _ Kaenis Svilebi da maT sapativcemulod
ewodeboda. gilax vama ori sitKvisagan Semdgari zmnaa. gila
gilaxva
laxvama gila imarTeboda sufra. Sekrebili warCinebulni amoirCevdnen suf-
rTuli zmniswinia da aGniSnavs mimarTulebas (`mimo~), xolo raze Kvelaze karg msmels, dasvamdnen muTaqaze. pirvelad mas
xvama aris locva (qaJaia 2001, gv. 329). amdenad, gilax
xvama vama niS-
gilaxva
laxvama unda daelia azarfeSa da saymlis gemoc mas unda gaesinJa. aqe-
navs `mimolocvas~. am dros maspinZeli stumarTan alaverds dan aris warmomdgari Tavi Tavi-mada tolumbaSic imitom daerqva,
vi mada
mada.
gadadioda. rom aseve zemoxsenebuli piri iKo toletolebis vi anu sparsu-
lebis Tavi
Tavi,
Tamadad irCevdnen sufris wesrigis kargad mcodnes da lad `baSi~. (mTawmindeli 1878, #19). termini tolum tolumba
lumbaSi
baSi
nadimis xelmZGvanelobis unaris mqone gamocdil adamians, ro- mTel saqarTveloSia gavrcelebuli, Tumca igi ufro metad
melsac sasmelis garkveuli raodenobis miGeba da atana SeeZ- dominirebs megrulSi.
lo. Tamada airCevda qalis mSoblebisa da maKrebis ufrosis bilbabaSi mxolod dasavleT saqarTvelos KofaSi dastur-
bilbaSi
mier SerCeul moadgiles, romelic aucileblad qalis maKrebi- deba. igi Turquli sitKvaa da niSnavs Tamadis moadgiles, Se-
dan unda KofiliKo. Tamadis mier arCeul pirovnebas saqorwi- mwes (Магазаник 1945:76). samegreloSi tolum
tolumba Sisa da bilba
lumbaSis
baSisa bilba-
ba-
lo sufraze mopa suxe || bilba
mopasu
pasuxe baSi ewodeboda.
bilbaSi Sis gavrcelebis mizezi TurqeTis gavleniT aixsneba.
termini Tama
mada qarTul KofaSi dGes saKovelTaodaa ga-
Tamada tolumbaSsa da bilbaSs erTi kviriT adre afrTxilebda
vrcelebuli da niSnavs sufris ufross, sadGegrZeloebis oJaxis ufrosi. Tamada mTeli kviris ganmavlobaSi marilian
mTqmels. s. JanaSias azriT, es sitKva kavkasiur enebSi sxvadas- myads yamda, rom mowKureboda da bevri Gvino daelia. tolum-
xva mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba da niSnavs mamasaxliss, amorCeuls, baSs sufraze naxva wa (`Gomis qerqs~) daudebdnen, romelic,
naxvawa
xvawa-s
sufris ufross (JanaSia 1968, gv. 136). T. ivelaSvilis dakvir- respodentTa gadmocemiT, xels uwKobda msmels Gvinis daleva-
vebiT, Tamada sufris ufrosi iKo. am sitKvis damkvidrebis Si. Tu vinme droze adre, lxinis damTavrebamde, adgeboda
drod saqarTveloSi mas XIX saukune miaCnia (ivelaSvili 1995, sufridan, mas aJarimebdnen da erTi sasmisiT mets asmevdnen,
gv. 13). n. abakelia wers: `Tamada, cnobili qarTvelologis rasac ontKolaSur Sur (`natalaxars~) uwodebdnen. tolumbaSisa
ontKolaSur-s
k. Smidtis azriT, Cerqezuli sitKvaa da niSnavs `mama ufals~ da bilbaSis lxinidan adre wasvla darCenilis gamarJvebas niS-
(abakelia 1997, gv. 146). termin `Tamadis~ sadaurobisa da qar- navda. rogorc vxedavT, megrul sufraze Gvinis smaSi namdvili
Tul KofaSi misi damkvidrebis Sesaxeb saintereso Sexedulebas paeqroba imarTeboda. Kvelaze meti Gvinis daleva gmirobis
aviTarebs g. gociriZe, romelic am sitKvas sparsulidan Semo- tolfasi iKo. tolumbaSi, qarTuli sufris tradiciisamebr,
sulad miiCnevs. Tamadobis instituti Zvelia da warsulidan or-sam sadGegrZelos warmoTqvamda, romlis Semdeg nefe-patar-
modis (gociriZe 1999, gv. 65). Zali unda edGegrZelebina. am dros igi moiTxovda sefaSi
Tamadis paralelurad samurzaKanoSi gamoiKeneba termini SemoeKvanaT axaldaqorwinebulebi, raTa TavianTi kuTvnili ad-

102 103
gili _ saxa
saxaTe
xaTeco kunTxu daekavebinaT.
Teco kunTxu cira JanJGava
sufraze sadGegrZeloebis sami wKeba icodnen. erT wKeba-
Si ramdenime yiqa Sedioda, xolo meore da mesame wKebas megru
megruli
gruli Suri
Suri `suli
suli~
li~ deri
deriva
rivateb
vatebsa
tebsa
sadGegrZeloebis raodenoba emateboda. tolumbaSi Tu ver da kompo
kompozi
poziteb
zitebSi
tebSi
SemorCeboda lxins, maSin sufras bilbaSi gauZGveboda, magram
es iSviaTad xdeboda. tradiciulad tolumbaSi misTvis gan- Suri `suli~ megrulSi farTod aris gamoKenebuli de-
Suri
kuTvnil Kvela sadGegrZelos warmoTqvamda da dalevda. Semdeg rivatebsa da kompozitebSi.
bilbaSic ramdenime sadGegrZelos itKoda da bolo yiqiT pa- aGniSnuli sitKvisagan gvaqvs rogorc prefiqsuli, ise
tiviscemisa da sufris kargad gaZGolisaTvis Tamadas adGeg- sufiqsuri da prefiqsul-sufiqsuri warmoebis nimuSebi.
rZelebda. Tu Tamada da bilbaSi funqciebs Tavs kargad gaar- prefiqsad no-
no º na-
na gamoiKeneba:
Tmevdnen, maSin Tamadas, saqorwilo sufris tradiciisamebr, no-Suri
no º na-Suri
na `dasunTquli (gvelis pirSexebuli)~
qorwilSi dakluli saqonlis Tavi, xolo bilbaSs _ beyi sufiqsur warmoebaSi gvxvdeba -am am -eT
am, eT -el
eT, el -o
el, o sufiqsia-
ekuTvnoda. erT-erTis damarcxebis SemTxvevaSi gamarJvebuls ni devrivatebi.
rCeboda saqonlis Tavic da beyic. dasavleT saqarTveloSi we- -am
am Sur-am
am: am-i
am `suniani~ (aqedan -ia ia sufiqsiT: Suram-ia
ia
sad iKo sufraze saqonlis moxarSuli beyis mitana, rasac Tan `xemKrali~)
axlda Sesabamisi sawebelic, romelic sufris xelmZGvanelebi- -eT
eT Sur-eT
eT: eT `saiqio~
eT-i
saTvis sagangebod mzaddeboda (caiSeli 1884, gv. 156). lamazad -el
el Sur-el
el: el `dasunTquli~
el-i
morTuli saqonlis moxarSuli Tavi da beyi Tamadisa da bil- -o
o Sur-o
o `sula(c)ar...~
baSis win ido. sakmaod xSiria Sur-Sur fuZisagan prefiqsul-sufiqsuri
sufra sruldeboda olur-ku
olur kula
kula-Ti,
la anu `wasasvleli Ta- warmoeba.
siT~. olu zanurSi niSnavs gzas (Кипшидзе 1914:429). ku kula
la o _ e º o _ eT: eT o-Sur-ee º o-Sur-eT eT `saiqio~
eT-i
xis patara Tasi iKo, cotaTi gansxvavebuli im sasmisisagan, ma _ al : ma-Sur-al
ma al `damsunTqveli~
al-i
romliTac Gvinos miirTmevdnen. `olur kulas~ simGeras qalis na _ a º na _ e: na-Sur-a
na º na-Sur-e `dasunTquli~
maKrebi wamoiwKebdnen. am dros sadGegrZelos Seusmeloba sir- u _ e: u-Sur-e e `usulo; usuno~
cxvilad iTvleboda. KuradGebas iqcevs Sur-Sur fuZisagan sxvadasxva afiqsebiT
samurzaKanoSi saqorwilo sufra gamTeniisas unda das- nawarmoebi erTi mniSvnelobis mqone sitKvebi (sinonimebi): no-
rulebuliKo. bilba baSi sadGegrZeloebs dilamde daamTavrebda,
bilbaSi Suri º naSuri º Sureli º naSura º naSure `dasunTquli~ da
radgan mas Jer kidev xis totze mJdari dedali Tofis erTi SureTi º oSure º oSureTi `saiqio~.
gasroliT unda Camoegdo da oJaxis diasaxlisisaTvis mierTmia. roca Sur-
Sur fuZe kompozitis pirveli komponentia, meore
komponenti SeiZleba iKos arsebiTi da zedsarTavi saxelebi,
ufro xSirad _ nazmnari saxelebi:
Sur-guri
Sur `suli da guli~ (Sur Sur-guriT
Sur `suliT da gu-
liT~); u _ e cirkumfiqsiT: uSurgur gure `usulgulo~).
uSurgure
Sur-kunta
Sur `sulmokle~

104 105
 Sur-gotebuli
Sur `sulwasuli~ Cvenc unda gavCerdeT? (unda iKos: amitom
amitom da sxva);
Sur-malafu
Sur `momakvlavi~ • Cven bevri ram unda CagvetvirTa, iqidan
iqidan gamomdi
gamomdina
mdinare
nare,
re
Sur-sanTxo
Sur `sunamo~ rom manqana mxolod ori saaTiT gvaTxoves; (unda iKos:
Sur-ubumu
Sur `sulgakmedili~ da sxva. naidan da sxva);
vina
vinai
sainteresoa, rom megrul dialeqtSi, sakuTriv megruli • iqidan
iqidan gamomdi
gamomdinare rom anabeydebi ver aGmovaCineT...
mdinare
nare,
Sur-is
Sur gverdiT, qarTuli dialeqturi wridan SeTvisebuli (unda iKos: radga
ganac da sxva);
radganac
sun-ic
sun gvxvdeba sitKvaSi sunToToba º sunTa
sunToba Taoba `micvalebulis
sunTao moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia rekomendaciebi aGniSnul sa-
moxseniebis dGe~: Sdr. dial. sulTaTaoba imave mniSvnelobiT (me-
sulTao kiTxTan dakavSirebiT.
grulSi l → n arabunebrivi lT kompleqsis superaciis Sedegad).

marina JGarkava
nino JorbenaZe
o_u afiqse
afiqsebi
sebi megrul
megrulsa
grulsa
da lazur
lazurSi
zurSi
`aqedan
aqedan/
dan/ iqidan
iqidan gamomdi
gamomdina
mdinare
nare~
re~ forma
formaTa
maTa
umarTe
umarTebu
Tebulo
bulo xmare
xmarebis
rebis gamo qarTul
qarTulSi
TulSi
megrulSic da lazurSic o_u u afiqsebiT gaformebuli
zmnuri Zirebi gvxvdeba. megrulSi o_u u vnebiTis mawarmoeble-
Tanamedrove qarTul zepir metKvelebasa (kerZo saubari,
bia, sadac o- sakuTriv vnebiTi gvaris niSania (qarTuli e-s Se-
tele da radiogadacemebi) Tu beydviT mediaSi xSirad gvxvdeba
satKvisi), -u
u ki _ Temis niSani.
`aqe
aqedan
aqedan/
dan/ iqidan
iqidan gamomdi
gamomdina re formebi, romlebmac xmarebidan
mdinare
nare~
o-Cqar
Cqar-u
Cqar u _ e-Cqar-eb-a
gamodevna:
o-natr
natr-u
natr _ e-natr-eb-a
1. amis/imis gamo;
o-nd
nd-u
nd u _ e-nd-ob-a
2. ase rom;
aseTi warmoebis vnebiTi lazurSic aris (mag., o-xvew-u-n _
3. amitom/imitom, (rom);
exveweba), Tumca o- prefiqsiani pasivis formebi aq Zalze cotaa.
4. radgan, radganac;
o_u u afiqsebi lazurSi masdars awarmoebs:
5. vinaidan;
o-tkoC
tkoC-u
tkoC u _ srola
6. maSasadame da sxva;
o-qaC
qaC-u
qaC u _ dayera
magaliTebi:
o-GarGal
GarGal u _ laparaki, saubari
GarGal-u
• es sakiTxi iqi
iqidan
dan gamomdi nare aris mniSvnelovani...
gamomdina
mdinare
o_u u-Ti nawarmoebi masdarebi megrulSic gvxvdeba. arn.
(unda iKos: imis gamo; imitom da sxva);
gamo; imitom
Ciqobava aGniSnavs, rom yanurisebur masdarebs megruli iKenebs
• mas moZGvars veZaxdiT, iqidan
iqidan gamomdi
gamomdinare rom... (unda
mdinare
nare,
garkveul gamoTqmebSi: voxvaruq TeSi oyarus
oyarus,
rus oqimi
oqiminus
minus,
nus oyki
oyki-
ki-
iKos: imitom
tom, rom da sxva );
imitom,
rus _ vSveli amis wera
weraSi
raSi,
Si qmnaSi
qmnaSi, Si midarTu ogoruSa _
Si yraSi
yraSi...
• mas rom amis gakeTeba ar SeuZlia, aqedan
aqedan gamomdi
gamomdina
mdinare
nare wavida saZebrad (`Zebnad~).

106 107
 megrulSi o- qarTuli sa- sa prefiqsis SesatKvisia: awarmo-
ebs daniSnulebis saxelebs (o o-qoTom-e _ sa-qaTm-e,
sa o-rz-ol-i
_ sa-gz-al-i)
sa da momavali drois mimGeobas (o o-yar-al-i _ da-
sa-wer-i
sa º sa-wer-i,
sa o-Zir-af-al-i _ sa-nax-av-i...).
o- prefiqsis igive funqcia lazurSic dasturdeba:
o-nJie _ sa-wol-i
sa
o-nciru _ sa-cer-i
sa
o-nCinamu _ sacexveli
iseve, rogorc qarTulSi s-, si-, sa-, megrulsa da la-
zurSi o- awarmoebs saxelzmnebs.
rac Seexeba -u u sufiqss, is Temis niSania (Sdr., keT-eb-a,
tkb-ob-a, Tr-ev-a...), romelic megrulSi masdaris mawarmoebel -
a-s dairTavs, lazurSi ki _ ara. Sdr.:
megr. laz. qarT.
qos-u-a o-qos-u cocxv-a
Gar-u-a o-Gar-u Gar-v-a (da-Gar-v-a)
‡in-u-a o-Kin-u Kin-v-a
masdaris mawarmoebeli -aa sufiqsi, _ aGniSnavs arn. Ciqo-
bava, _ megruls qarTulidan aqvs SeTvisebuli da aqa-iq ya-
nurSic gvxvdeba (Tqual-aa _ Tqma, Surin-aa _ SiSi, Tanaf-aa _
Teneba).
megrulSic da lazurSic o_u u afiqsebs warmoSoba er-
Tnairi aqvT, miuxedavad imisa, rom dGes ZiriTadad sxvadasxva
morfologiur erTeulebs awarmoeben (megrulSi _ vnebiTs,
lazurSi _ masdars).

108