Geographia 9 KL Mastsavleblis Tsigni

მაია ბლიაძე დავით კერესელიძე
9 მანანა სეხნიაშვილი
გეოგრაფია
ი ს წ ი გ ნ ი
სწავლებ ლ
მა
grifminiWebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da

mecnierebis saministros mier 2021 wels.
Sinaarsi
1. Sesavali........................................................................................................................................5
2. sabazo safexuris standarti.................................................................................................8
3. saxelmZRvanelos Sesatyvisoba erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan ��14
4. meToduri rekomendaciebi maswavlebelTaTvis............................................................19
5. specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlis
sagakveTilo procesSi CarTva................................................................................................42
6. Tematuri matricebi...............................................................................................................46
7. moswavlis wignSi mocemuli davalebebis pasuxebi......................................................134
8. Sefaseba....................................................................................................................................175
9. damatebiTi literatura da sasargeblo internetresursebi ��197

1. Sesavali
IX klasis saqarTvelos geografiis saxelm (fotosuraTebi, aerofotosuraTebi) da sxv.

ZRvanelo, romelic efuZneba konstruqtiviz saxelmZRvaneloSi aseve warmodgenilia Tema
mis principebs, garda imisa, rom xels Seuwyobs turi masala (mag.: saintereso cnobebi), xolo
moswavleebs, Seimecnon zogadgeografiuli TiToeul ganxilul sakiTxs axlavs davalebebi.
kanonzomierebebi, sazogadoebriv da buneb saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemulia rubrikebi: praq
riv sistemebs Soris arsebuli mizezSedegob tikuli samuSao, geografiuli kvleva, kompleq
rivi kavSirebi, aseve maT gauRvivebs interess suri davaleba. TiToeuli Tema mTavrdeba Sema
sakuTari qveynis bunebrivi da sazogadoebrivi jamebeli kompleqsuri davalebiT.
sistemebis mimarT; daexmareba, aRiqvan samya saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili kiTxva-
ro mTlianobaSi da gansazRvron saqarTvelos davalebebi da rubrikebi xels Seuwyobs moswav
adgili msoflio procesebSi. leebs, ganiviTaron informaciis moZiebisa da
geografiis swavla-swavleba miznebidan damuSavebis unari, gaxdnen cnobismoyvareni,
gamomdinare, saxelmZRvanelos mizania, moswav gauCndeT SekiTxvebi da sxv. Sedegad, moswav
les: gamoumuSaos rukis kiTxvisa da analizis leebs CamouyalibdebaT rogorc varaudis
unari; SesZinos geografiuli kanonzomiere gamoTqmisa da warmosaxvis, agreTve Semoqmede
bebisa da Taviseburebebis kvlevisTvis (glo biTi da kritikuli azrovnebis unari, ise infor
balur, regionul da lokalur doneze) saWiro maciis moZiebis, klasificirebis, analizisa da
unarebi; gamoumuSaos geografiuli obieqtebis, sakuTari azris dasabuTebis unari. davalebebi
movlenebisa da procesebis sivrce-droiT dafuZnebulia swavlebis konstruqtivistul
WrilSi gaanalizebis unari; Camouyalibos saganmanaTleblo principebze da orientirebu
geografiuli garemos sistemuri aRqmisa da lia grZelvadian miznebze, cnebebis damuSave
analizis unari; Camouyalibos garemosdacvi basa da mkvidri warmodgenebis Camoyalibeba
Ti cnobiereba; Camouyalibos sxva xalxebis ze, sakvanZo SekiTxvebze pasuxebis gacemaze.
mimarT tolerantuli damokidebuleba; daex saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili rubrikebis –
maros geografiuli garsis mTlianobis aRqmaSi; geogr afiuli kvleva, SemTxvevis analizi,
SesZinos geografiis dargobrivi eniT operi praqtikuli samuSao da kompleqsuri dava
rebis unari. leba – saSualebiT moswavle ganaxorcielebs
geografiis IX klasis saxelmZRvanelo moi codnis cxovrebiseul konteqstSi transfers.
cavs 4 Temas. saxelmZRvanelos Sinaarsi (saga mocemuli davalebebi xels Seuwyobs swavla-
kveTilo Temebi da sakiTxebi) erovnuli saswav swavlebis procesis dinamikurad warmarTvas,
lo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebul misaRwev Sedegebs orientirebuli iqneba xarisxiani codnis miRe
Seesabameba. baze da ara masalis zedapirul daswavlaze.
saxelmZRvanelos mTavari SemecnebiTi sagan IX klasis geografiis saxelmZRvanelos
manaTleblo funqciaa geografiuli codnis axlavs damxmare meToduri saxelmZRvane
SeZenisa da gamoyenebis unaris Camoyalibeba. lo – maswavleblis wigni. masSi mocemulia
vimedovnebT, rom saxelmZRvanelos daxmarebiT informacia geografiis swavlebis miznis,
moswavle miiRebs codnas saqarTvelos geogra amocanebis, standartis Sedegebis miRwevis,
fiaSi iseTi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, romlebic mas aseve im meTodologiuri principebis Sesaxeb,
momaval praqtikul saqmianobaSi gamoadgeba. romlebsac eyrdnoba saxelmZRvanelo. wigni
saxelmZRvanelos teqstur, sagakveTilo iTvaliswinebs moswavlis asakobriv Tavisebure
nawils erTvis mravalferovani vizualuri bebs da efuZneba moswavleze orientirebuli
masala, maT Soris kartografiuli (Tematuri swavlebis principebs. is daexmareba pedagogebs
rukebi), aseve naxazebi, cxrilebi, diagra gakveTilis efeqturad dagegmvasa da saintere
mebi, sqemebi, infografikebi, ilustraciebi sod CatarebaSi. masSi aRwerilia swavlebis
5
diferencirebuli midgomis ganxorcielebis IX klasis saqarTvelos geografiis saxelmZR
Tvis saWiro aqtivobebi, Setanilia sxvadasxva vanelos mohyveba konturuli rukebis rveuli,
tipis rekomendaciebi, romlebic efuZneba romelSic moswavle asrulebs praqtikul samu
Tanamedrove saganmanaTleblo kvlevebs, mra Saoebs.
valmxriv pedagogiur gamocdilebaze agebuli vimedovnebT, aRniSnuli saxelmZRvanelo
saxelmZRvaneloebis analizis Sedegebs. wignSi xels Seuwyobs moswavleebSi TavianTi qveynisa
warmodgenilia Tematuri matricebi, im davale da mTlianad samyaros mimarT interesis gaR
bebis pasuxebi, romlebic mocemulia moswavlis vivebas da geografiuli azrovnebis, aseve samo
saxelmZRvaneloSi, aseve, Sefaseba da solo taq qalaqo cnobierebis Camoyalibebas.
sonomiis nimuSebi, damatebiTi sakiTxavi masala,
damxmare literatura da vebgverdebis bmulebi.
IX klasis `geografiis~ moswavlis wigni 4 Temisa da 36 sakiTxisgan Sedgeba.

saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenilia rubrikebi:
14. შავი ზღვა

15. კოლხეთის დაბლობი
პრაქტიკული სამუშაო
vebgverd https://mapmaker.nationalgeographic.orgis gamoyenebiT Seadgine

Savi zRvis eleqtronuli ruka. masze aRniSne SavizRvispira qveynebi, am
qveynebis dedaqalaqebi, ZiriTadi kurortebi, mTavari navsadgurebi, გაიხსენე
sazRvaosamxedro bazebi. maTgan SearCie SenTvis sasurveli erTi
obieqti da daurTe mokle aRweriloba, foto an videomasala. 1. romeli kurortebi da qalaqebi mdebareobs kolxeTis dablobis
SavizRvispira zolSi?
2. ra aris fioni da brizi?
კომპლექსური დავალება
დავალება
baTumis navsadguris istoria romis imperiidan iwyeba. jer kidev
adrian IIIis mmarTvelobis periodSi baTumis navsadguri romaelebis 1. sur. 3.2.isa (danarTi 5) da sur. 1.4is (danarTi 6) gamoyenebiT
sazRvaosavaWro qselSi erTerTi mniSvnelovani punqti iyo. mas daadgine, romeli regionebis teritoriaze vrceldeba kolxeTis
mniSvneloba arc Semdeg daukargavs. warmoidgine, rom baTumis portis dablobi.
warmomadgeneli xar da SavizRvispira qveynebis organizaciis – bisekis
(BSEC) Sexvedraze imyofebi, sadac moxsenebiT unda gamoxvide baTumis
portis Sesaxeb. kolxeTis dablobi mTaTaSorisi baris dasavleT nawilSi mde
bareobs. igi odnav daxrilia Savi zRvisaken, mcire siRrmis xeobebiTaa
moxsenebaSi xazgasmiT warmoaCine:
daserili da brtyel daWaobebul dablobs warmoadgens, romelic
• baTumis navsadguris mniSvneloba aWaris regionis mosaxleobis
nelnela iZireba (weliwadSi 0,6 sm).
cxovrebis donis amaRlebaSi;
• baTumis navsadguris roli saqarTvelos ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi;
pirobiTi aRniSvnebi qvemo aJara 42° 44°
• baTumis portis ekologiuri mdgomareoba da safrTxeebi. dasaxlebuli punqti q e d i xaiSi mestia
ori s
gaasityve Seni kvlevis Sedegi. soxumi kod sv eTi s q e di
avtonomiuri respublikis a
n
vi
e g r is i s
administraciuli centri
moq
praqtikuli rCevebi: qe
di l eCxumis di
um i q
e
mdinare aRniSvnebi q
• daadgine baTumis navsadguris geostrategiuli da bunebrivi pirobiTi qvemo aJara o 42°
oCamCire bi oni44°
xo
saxelmwifo sazRvari
dasaxlebuli punqti q e d i xaiSi
gali mestia
upiratesobebi; ori s zugdidi q e d i
ri
kod gu r
i
sv eTi s q e di r
avt. respublikis
avtonomiuri respublikis soxumi
en xu martvili a W i s i
a
n
vi
• Seiswavle baTumis portis istoria; sazRvari e g r is i s ed

te
administraciuli centri
moq
anaklia qe WiaTura
Savi ko l xe l eCxumis di
sq
d
um i T is d i q
e
• gaecani baTumis portis tvirTbrunvisa da mgzavrTbrunvis mdinare oq
lixi
oCamCire bi ab l o quTaisi oni
zRva bi
xo
saxelmwifo sazRvari r ioni

maCveneblebs; gali
zugdidi
zestafoni
q e d i
ri
gu r
i
avt. respublikis foTi r

samtredia
en xu martvili a W i s i xaSuri 42°
• gansazRvre baTumis navsadguris Zlieri da susti mxareebi, sazRvari vani ed
te
grigoleTi
anaklia suf sa
WiaTura
42° Savi ko
sq
l xe xaragauli i
SesaZleblobebi. dasavleTi ureki T is d ab
lixi
l o bi quTaisi d borjomi
zRva r ioni ozurgeTi q
zestafoni
e
saqarTvelos fizikuri qobuleTi kint i s qe d i
foTi samtredia e T eTi s
ri
ruka vani Si
suf sa m e s x xaSuri
Tri a
l 42°
grigoleTi
42° baTumi xulo xaragauli i
15.1. masStabi 1:2 500 000 ureki 42° d borjomi
ეს საინტერესოა
ozurgeTi e
kint s q
qobuleTi T i eTi s
qe d i
s x e
ri
Si l
m e Tri a
miuxedavad imisa, rom kolxeTis
baTumi xulo dablobis reliefi TiTqmis idea
baTumis navTobterminali nobelebis sagvareulo kompania „Branoobelis~ masStabi 1:2 500 000 42°
mier 1883 wels daarsda. misi istoria mWidrod ukavSirdeba kaspiis regionis lurad brtyeli, erTferovani vakea, aq mainc gamoiyofa reliefis ori
navTobis mrewvelobis ganviTarebis sawyis etapebs. 1883 wels kompania tipi: dasavluri (zRvispira) da aRmosavluri (imereTis), romlebic,
„Branoobelma“ saqarTvelos gavliT baTumamde navTobis eqsporti daiwyo. ZiriTadad, amgebi qanebiT gansxvavdebian.
1996 wlis 31 oqtombers Savi zRvis eqvsma qveyanam – bulgareTma, rumineTma, dasavluri, anu zRvispira tipi warmoqmnilia mxolod mdinareTa
TurqeTma, saqarTvelom, ruseTma da ukrainam, romelTa saerTo farTobi akumulaciuri moqmedebiT da misi absoluturi simaRle 20 ms ar
19 mln km2ia, mosaxleoba ki – 300 mln adamiani, xeli moawera strategiul aRemateba. is zRvispira qviSiani diunebidan aRmosavleTiT q. sam
samoqmedo gegmas Savi zRvis reabilitaciisa da dacvis Sesaxeb. mas Semdeg Savi trediamde vrceldeba. uSualod zRvis sanapiroze TiTqmis idealu
zRvis saerTaSoriso dRe yovelwliurad 31 oqtombers aRiniSneba. rad swori zedapiris simaRle 45 mdan 0s uaxlovdeba. zogan aris
adgilebi, romlebic zRvis doneze dablaa, magaliTad, farTo tbisa
84 85
გაიხსენე
ტორფი 2. leqsikoni – axali
sustad gaxrwnili
1. ra aris Waobi da rogori Waobebi arsebobs? mcenareuli nar terminebis, ucxo
2. ra faqtorebis zegavleniT yalibdeba Waobebi da sad warmoiqmneba
Ceni, romelic
grovdeba Waobian sityvebis ganmarteba
isini umetesad? ekosistemebSi.
3. ra aris biomravalferovneba?
1. gaixsene – kiTxvebi naswavli masalidan

da winare codnis gaaqtiureba
6
დავალება
ეს საინტერესოა
akaki wereTeli werda: „dResac aris CvenSi, raWis mazraSi, erTi mTa. guli
3. gaixsene, garda hidroeleqtroenergiis warmoebisa, kidev ra mizniT rkinis madnisa aqvs da uxsovari droidan irgvliv mcxovrebni mWedlobis mets
SeiZleba engurhesis gamoyeneba. aras akeTeben. am mTas hqvia wedisi (onis municipaliteti), anu „Wedisi“
4. sur.19.4-is gamoyenebiT aRwere, ra nawilebisgan Sedgeba engurhesis (ak. wereTeli, krebuli, 1897 w).
kaskadi da axseni maTi daniSnuleba.
3. davalebebi – romelTa umetesoba srul 4. es sainteresoa – am nawilSi moswavleebi

deba gakveTilze, xolo nawili moswavleebs gaecnobian damatebiT cnobebs gakveTilSi
eZlevaT saxlSi saSinao davalebis saxiT. mocemul masalasTan dakavSirebiT.
პრაქტიკული სამუშაო გეოგრაფიული კვლევა
vebgverd https://mapmaker.nationalgeographic.org-is gamoyenebiT Seadgine sa a. moiZie informacia, mecxoveleobis romeli dargebia ganviTarebuli
qarTvelos hidroeleqtrosadgurebis ruka: aRniSne isini Sesabami Sens sacxovrebel adgilas.
si pirobiTi niSnebiT, daawere saxelwodebebi, amoirCie ori maTgani, b. aRwere am dargebis ganviTarebis istoria, mniSvneloba, ra produ
moiZie informacia maT Sesaxeb da daurTe mokle aRweriloba, foto qtebi mzaddeba, vin moixmars, sad iyideba, gadis Tu ara eqsportze,
an videomasala. ram ganapiroba am dargebis ganviTareba da sxv.
g. informacia warmoadgine SenTvis sasurveli formiT da gaacani mego
brebs.
6. geografiuli kvleva – samagido geografi

5. praqtikuli samuSao – konturul da eleq
uli kvlevis Catareba da sakvlev kiTxvaze
tronul rukebze muSaoba.
pasuxis gacema.
შემთხვევის ანალიზი
გაეცანი ტექსტს და უპასუხე კითხვას:
havis mravalferovneba samcxe-javaxeTis regionSi kurortebis Camoya
libebis safuZvelia. swored aq mdebareobs kurortebi: borjomi, waR 7. SemTxvevis analizi – situaciis gaanalizeba,
veri, cemi, likani, axaldaba, abasTumani. germanelma mecnierma karl
riterma javaxeTs „haeriTa da wyliT mdidari, grili kunZuli“ uwoda. kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema da daskvnis gamotana.
kiTxva:
rogor fiqrob, ras gulisxmobda mecnieri karl riteri „haeriTa da
wyliT mdidar, gril kunZulSi“?
კომპლექსური დავალება 8. kompleqsuri davaleba aris SemoqmedebiTi

produqti, romlis Seqmna-prezentaciiTac
moxsenebaSi xazgasmiT warmoaCine:
moswavle sakuTar codnas adasturebs sagnob
• kontinenturi havis roli regionis bunebrivi pirobebis Camoyali
bebis procesSi; riv sakiTxsa da im samizne cnebebTan mimarTe
• kontinenturi havis roli abasTumnis kurortad Camoyalibebis
procesSi; biT, romlebsac sagnobrivi sakiTxi ukavSir
• kontinenturi havis roli abasTumnis observatoriis daarsebaSi;
• kontinenturi havis roli adgilobrivi mosaxleobis saqmianobasa deba. is erTi Temis irgvliv ramdenime davale
da yofa-cxovrebaSi.
gaasityve Seni kvleva.
bas moicavs: moZiebas, dalagebas, msjelobas,
praqtikuli rCevebi: prezentacias. e.i. kompleqsuri davaleba ram
• daadgine kontinenturi havis maxasiaTeblebi;
• vebgverd https://www.meteoblue.com-is gamoyenebiT gansazRvre abasTum denimenairi davalebis Sesrulebaa, romlebic
nis klimaturi maCveneblebi;
• axseni, ratom SearCies observatoriis asaSeneblad mTa yanobili;
bavSvs erT dasaxul miznamde miiyvans.
• daadgine regionSi arsebuli samkurnalo-rekreaciuli zonebi da
kurortebi;
• daadgine, meurneobis romeli dargebis Camoyalibebas uwyobs xels
kontinenturi klimati;
• Seafase kontinenturi havis gavlena adgilobrivi mosaxleobis
saqmianobasa da dabis ganviTarebis procesze.
9. Semajamebeli kompleqsuri davaleba efuZneba standartiT mocemul yvela samiznes cnebas da

gvaZlevs garkveul warmodgenas, ramdenadaa daZleuli saswavlo erTeuli, ramdenad warmoCinda
standartiT gansazRvruli sakiTxis codna da/an unar-Cvevebi saswavlo wlis konkretul etapze.
10. danarTebi – rukebi

metad mniSvnelovania rukebis gamoyeneba, maT Soris – konturuli rukebis, saxelmZRvanelos
paragrafebSi, moswavlis rveulsa da danarTebSi mocemuli naxevarsferoebis, msoflios fizi
kuri, msoflios politikuri da kontinentebis Tematuri rukebis da sxv.
TiToeuli sakiTxi moicavs kompleqsuri davalebis Sesasruleblad gankuTvnil teqstebs, ilus
traciebs, sqemebs, diagramebs, cxrilebsa da rukebs jgufuri an individualuri samuSaoebisaTvis.
7
2. sabazo safexuris standarti
Sesavali
sabazo safexuris geografiis standarti Sedgeba Semdegi nawilebisagan:
a) sagnis swavla-swavlebis miznebi;

b) standartis Sedegebi da Sinaarsi;
g) meTodikuri orientirebi;
d) Sefaseba.
sabazo safexurze sagani „geografia“ kontinentebisa da saqarTvelos geografiis

Seswavlas gulisxmobs; moswavle Seimecnebs zogadgeografiul kanonzomierebebs,
sazogadoebriv da bunebriv sistemebs Soris arsebul mizezSedegobriv kavSirebs.
sagnis swavla-swavlebisas moswavle CarTuli iqneba aqtivobebSi, romlebic mas
SeZenili codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis saSualebas miscems.
a) sagnis swavla-swavlebis miznebi
geografiis swavla-swavleba miznad isaxavs, moswavles:

• gamoumuSaos rukis kiTxvisa da analizis unari;
• SesZinos geografiuli kanonzomierebebisa da Taviseburebebis kvlevisTvis
(globalur, regionul da lokalur doneze) saWiro unarebi;
• gamoumuSaos geografiuli obieqtebis, movlenebisa da procesebis sivrce-
droiT WrilSi gaanalizebis unari;
• Camouyalibos geografiuli garemos sistemuri aRqmisa da analizis unari;
• Camouyalibos garemosdacviTi cnobiereba;
• Camouyalibos sxva xalxebis mimarT tolerantuli damokidebuleba;
• daexmaros geografiuli garsis mTlianobis aRqmaSi;
• SesZinos geografiis dargobrivi eniT operirebis unari.
am miznebze muSaobiT geografia Tavis wvlils Seitans erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
misiiTa da miznebiT gaTvaliswinebuli unarebisa da Rirebulebebis ganviTarebasa
da CamoyalibebaSi.
b) standartis Sedegebi da Sinaarsi
standartis Sedegebi sagnis cnebebze dafuZnebiT gansazRvravs miznobriv orien

tirebs da pasuxobs SekiTxvas: ra unda SeeZlos moswavles sagan „geografiis“ far
glebSi sabazo safexuris bolos.
sabazo safexurze geografiis Sedegebi jgufdeba sam mimarTulebad.
• ruka da geografiuli analizi – gulisxmobs sxvadasxva geografiuli infor
maciis mopovebasa da analizs sxvadasxva wyaros (ruka, grafiki, aero da kos
mosuri suraTebi, diagrama) saSualebiT;
• bunebrivi da sazogadoebrivi sistemebi – gulisxmobs bunebrivi da sazoga
doebrivi sistemebis ganviTarebis kanonzomierebis Cvenebas, kavSirebis dad
genas – buneba-sazogadoeba-meurneoba; adamianis mier bunebaze zemoqmedebis
Sedegebis gaanalizebas;
8
• mdgradi ganviTareba da usafrTxoeba – gulisxmobs garemosdacviTi cnobierebis
da garemos mimarT mzrunveli damokidebulebis Camoyalibebis mniSvnelobis
Cvenebas, bunebriv, socialur-ekonomikur, politikur sistemebs Soris urTi
erTmimarTebis gaazrebas; bunebrivi da teqnogenuri mizezebiT gamowveuli
katastrofebis mimarT adekvaturi qcevis Camoyalibebas.
standartis Sinaarsi gansazRvravs, ra unda icodes moswavlem. Sinaarsi aRiwereba

savaldebulo cnebebisa da Temebis saxiT.
cnebebis saxiT gansazRvrulia is codna, romelsac moswavle sagnis farglebSi

unda daeuflos. cnebebi SedegebTan erTad unda damuSavdes moswavlisTvis nacnob
konteqstebSi. es konteqstebi savaldebulo Temebis saxiTaa warmodgenili.
TiToeul Temas axlavs Sefasebis indikatorebi. isini gansazRvravs, Tu ra unda
Sefasdes konkretul TemaSi (TiToeul indikators axlavs Sesabamisi Sedegis indeqsis
nomeri, romelic gansazRvravs, Tu romeli Sedegidan/Sedegebidan gamomdinareobs
igi).
standartis Sedegebis indeqsebis ganmarteba
sabazo safexurze standartSi gaweril TiToeul Sedegs win uZRvis indeqsi,

romelic miuTiTebs sagans, swavlebis etapsa da standartis Sedegis nomers;
mag., geo. sab. 1.:
„geo.“ – miuTiTebs sagans „geografia’’;
„sab.“ – miuTiTebs sabazo safexurs;
„1“ – miuTiTebs standartis Sedegis nomers.
9
geografiis standartis Sedegebi (VII-IX klasebi)
Sedegebis mimarTuleba: ruka da samizne cnebebi da cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri
indeqsi geografiuli analizi warmodgenebi
moswavlem unda SeZlos:
geo.sab.1. pirobiTi aRniSvnebis gamoyenebiT geografiuli kvleva da analizi
sxvadasxva Sinaarsis rukis kiTxva da • geografiuli kvleva bunebrivi da sazogadoebrivi movlene
analizi; bisa da procesebis dakvirvebas, gaanalizebasa da Seswavlas
geo.sab.2. sxvadasxva geografiuli obieqtis adg gulisxmobs;
ilmdebareobis gansazRvra adgilsa da • geografiuli kvlevisTvis monacemebis mopoveba
rukaze; SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva movlenaze uSualo dakvirvebiT,
sxvadasxva rukisa da informaciis wyaros (cxrili, sqema,
geo.sab.3. sxvadasxva tipis wyarodan (ruka, foto,
diagrama, grafiki, foto) gamoyenebiT;
cxrili, grafiki, diagrama, aero da
• geografiuli kvlevis Sedegebi sxvadasxva formiT SeiZleba
kosmosuri suraTebi, multimedia
gamoisaxos (ruka, cxrili, grafiki, diagrama, foto);
saSualebebi) informaciis amokiTxva
• geografiuli kvlevas xSirad praqtikuli daniSnuleba aqvs
da gaanalizeba; kvlevis Sedegebis
(misi saSualebiT SeiZleba sxvadasxva movlenisa da procesis
cxrilebis, grafikebis da diagramebis
Sedegebis prognozireba).
saxiT warmodgena.
mimarTuleba: bunebrivi da geografiuli garsi
sazogadoebrivi sistemebi • geografiuli garsi Sedgeba geosferoebisagan (liTosfero,
moswavlem unda SeZlos: atmosfero, hidrosfero, biosfero), romelsac axasiaTebs
geo.sab.4. geografiuli garsis mTlianobis aRqma mTeli rigi kanonzomierebebi;
da misi geosferoebis (liTosfero, • adamianebis wyalobiT yalibdeba noosfero (gonis sfero),
atmosfero, hidrosfero, biosfero, romelic zemoqmedebs sxva geosferoebze.
noosfero, dedamiwis Sinagani agebule
ba) urTierTdamokidebulebis gaanali geografiuli movlena, geografiuli procesi
zeba; • yvela geografiul processa da movlenas sakuTari mizezi da
Sedegi aqvs da gansxvavebuli xangrZlivobiT mimdinareobs.
geo.sab.5. Sinagani da garegani Zalebis dakav
• geografiuli movlenebisa da procesebis Sedegad yalibdeba
Sireba dedamiwis Tanamedrove saxis
da gardaiqmneba dedamiwis geografiuli garsi.
Camoyalibebis procesTan;
geo.sab.6. geografiuli aRmoCenebis mniSvnelobis mosaxleoba da meurneoba
gaazreba sazogadoebis ganviTarebisT • bunebrivi garemo gavlenas axdens mosaxleobasa da meur
vis; neobaze. sxvadasxva qveyanaSi meurneobis esa Tu is dargia
geo.sab.7. bunebrivi pirobebisa da resursebis wamyvani, rac Sromis geografiul danawilebas ganapirobebs;
zegavlenis gaanalizeba mosaxleobis • mosaxleobisa da meurneobis struqtura, ganawileba da gan
sameurneo saqmianobasa da cxovrebis lageba cvalebadia drosa da sivrceSi;
wesze; • saxelmwifo gavlenas axdens qveyanaSi mimdinare socialur-
geo.sab.8. mosaxleobis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis ekonomikur procesebze, rac mis ganviTarebis doneze aisa
(bunebrivi da meqanikuri moZraoba, xeba.
struqtura, simWidrove, gansaxleba)
cvalebadobis gamomwvevi mizezebisa da mdgradi ganviTareba
Sedegebis gaazreba; • lokalur qmedebebs globaluri Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyves;
• mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebis (socialuri, ekonomikuri,
geo.sab.9. calkeuli geografiuli erTeulebis
garemosdacviTi da keTildReoba) Sesruleba aucilebelia
(kontinenti, regioni, bunebrivi zona,
momavali Taobebis keTildReobisTvis.
landSafti) kompleqsuri daxasiaTeba;
mimarTuleba: mdgradi
ganviTareba da usafrTxoeba
moswavlem unda SeZlos:
geo.sab.10. garemosadmi mzrunveli damokide
bulebis gamovlena;
geo.sab.11. mdgradi ganviTarebis garemosdacviTi,
socialuri da ekonomikuri mniSvnelo
bis gaazreba mosaxleobis keTildReob
isTvis;
geo.sab.12. garemoze adamianis saqmianobis
(anTropogenuri zemoqmedebis)
Sedegebis Sefaseba;
geo.sab.13. sxvadasxva saxis bunebrivi katastrofis
niSnebis amocnoba; warmoqmnis mizezebis
gaanalizeba; maTi Tavidan acilebi
sTvis/zianis SerbilebisTvis saWiro
RonisZiebebis mniSvnelobis gaazreba;
usafrTxo qcevis wesebis dacva
10
savaldebulo Temebi
VII klasi
dedamiwa
afrika
avstralia da okeaneTi
antarqtida
VIII klasi
samxreTi amerika
CrdiloeTi amerika
azia
evropa
kavkasia
IX klasi
saqarTvelo-bunebrivi da sazogadoebrivi sistemebi
dasavleTi saqarTvelo (imereTi, raWa-leCxumi-qvemo svaneTi, samegrelo-zemo svaneTi,
guria, aWara, afxazeTi);
aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo (Tbilisi, Sida qarTli, qvemo qarTli, kaxeTi, mcxeTa-mTianeTi)
samxreTi saqarTvelo (samcxe-javaxeTi)
sakiTxebi:
erovnuli saswavlo gegma savaldebulo saxiT ar gansazRvravs sakiTxebs. peda

gogebsa da saxelmZRvanelos avtorebs ufleba aqvT, TiToeuli TemisTvis sakiTxebi
Tavad SearCion, Tumca savaldebuloa Semdegi moTxovnebis gaTvaliswineba – CamonaT
valSi aucileblad unda iyos:
romelime qveyana an regioni da bunebrivi zona, romelic kompleqsurad daxa
siaTdeba (ar exeba Temebs: „dedamiwa“ da „kavkasia~);
mniSvnelovani aRmoCenebi;
savaldebulo Temis konteqstis Sesabamisi geografiuli movlenebi da procesebi;
garemos dacvasa da mdgrad ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.
11
saswavlo Tema: saqarTvelo-bunebrivi da sazogadoebrivi sistemebi
Temis farglebSi Sedegebis miRwevis indikatorebi – moswavlem unda SeZlos:
geografiuli kvleva da analizi
• sxvadasxva Tematuri rukis gamoyenebiT saqarTvelos (mdebareobis, reliefis, havis, mcenareTa
da cxovelTa samyaros, sasargeblo wiaRiseulis, mosaxleobis) daxasiaTeba; geografiuli
obieqtebis mdebareobis gansazRvra (geo.sab.1,2,3,9);
• saqarTvelos mkvlevrebisa da mogzaurebis mier dagrovili informaciis analizi (geo.st.sab.
3,6);
geografiuli garsi
• saqarTvelos landSaftebis zogadi daxasiaTeba (geologiuri, atmosferuli procesebi, hidr
ologia, flora da fauna, adamianis zegavlena) (geo.sab. 4,5,7,9,10,11);
geografiuli movlena, geografiuli procesi
• saqarTveloSi arsebul mniSvnelovan geografiul procesebsa da movlenebs Soris mizez-
Sedegobrivi kavSirebis damyareba da maTi dakavSireba saqarTvelos Tanamedrove saxis
CamoyalibebasTan (geo.sab.4,5,13);
mosaxleoba da meurneoba
• saqarTvelos mosaxleobis maxasiaTeblebis Seswavla da maTi dinamikis gamomwvevi mizezebisa da
Sedegebis gaanalizeba (geo.sab.7,8);
• saqarTvelos magaliTze garemo-adamiani(mosaxleoba)-meurneobas Soris mizez-Sedegobrivi
kavSirebis gaanalizeba (geo.sab.5,6,7,8,10,11,12,13);
• saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli sazogadoebriv-geografiuli procesebis mizezebisa da
Sedegebis gaanalizeba (geo.sab. 4,7,8,9,10,11,2,13);
mdgradi ganviTareba
• saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli mdgradi ganviTarebis problemebis (zRvis dabinZureba,
Rvarcofebi, mewyrebi, miwisZvrebi, erozia, adamianis garemoze zemoqmedeba, zvavi, araTanabari
SesaZleblobebi - ganaTleba, cxovrebis done) gaanalizeba; maTze reagirebisa da prevenciisT
vis saWiro RonisZiebebis mniSvnelobis gaazreba (geo.sab.9,10,11,12,13).
saswavlo Tema: dasavleT saqarTvelo (afxazeTi, aWara, imereTi, raWa-leCxumi-

qvemo svaneTi, samegrelo-zemo svaneTi, guria)
• sxvadasxva Tematuri rukis gamoyenebiT dasavleT saqarTvelos (mdebareobis, reliefis, havis,
mcenareTa da cxovelTa samyaros, sasargeblo wiaRiseulis, mosaxleobis) daxasiaTeba; geo
grafiuli obieqtebis mdebareobis gansazRvra (geo.sab.1,2,3,9);
• dasavleT saqarTvelos Sesaxeb arsebuli informaciis mopoveba sxvadasxva wyarodan da maTi
analizi (geo.st.sab. 1,3,6,8);
geografiuli garsi
• dasavleT saqarTvelos landSaftebis zogadi daxasiaTeba (geologiuri, atmosferuli pro
cesebi, hidrologia, flora da fauna, adamianis zegavlena) (geo.sab. 4,5,7,9,10,11);
• dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebul mniSvnelovan geografiul procesebsa da movlenebs Soris
mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis damyareba (geo.sab.4,5,13);
• dasavleT saqarTvelos mxareebis magaliTze saqarTvelos mosaxleobis maxasiaTeblebis
Seswavla, dinamikisa da simWidrovis mizezebis da Sedegebis gaanalizeba (geo.sab.7,8);
• dasavleT saqarTvelos magaliTze garemo-mosaxleoba-meurneobas Soris mizez-Sedegobrivi
• dasavleT saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli sazogadoebriv-geografiuli procesebis
(rekreacia, urbanizacia, depopulacia) mizezebisa da Sedegebis gaanalizeba (geo.sab.
4,7,8,9,10,11,2,13);
mdgradi ganviTareba
• dasavleT saqarTvelos magaliTze saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli mdgradi ganviTarebis
problemebis (zRvis dabinZureba, sanapiro zolis mdgradoba, infrastruqtura, tyis Wra,
myinvarebis dnoba) gaanalizeba; maTze reagirebisa da prevenciisTvis saWiro RonisZiebebis,
daculi teritoriebis Seqmnis, maTi farTobis zrdisa da biomravalferovnebis mniSvnelobis
gaazreba (geo.sab.9,10,11,12,13).
12
saswavlo Tema: aRmosavleT saqarTvelo (Tbilisi, Sida qarTli, qvemo qarTli,
kaxeTi, mcxeTa-mTianeTi)
• sxvadasxva Tematuri rukis gamoyenebiT aRmosavleT saqarTvelos (mdebareobis, reliefis,
havis, mcenareTa da cxovelTa samyaros, sasargeblo wiaRiseulis, mosaxleobis) daxasiaTeba;
geografiuli obieqtebis mdebareobis gansazRvra (geo.sab.1,2,3,9);
• aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Sesaxeb arsebuli informaciis mopoveba sxvadasxva wyarodan da maTi
analizi (geo.st.sab. 1,3,6,8);
geografiuli garsi
• aRmosavleT saqarTvelos landSaftebis zogadi daxasiaTeba (geologiuri, atmosferuli pro
cesebi, hidrologia, flora da fauna, adamianis zegavlena) (geo.sab. 4,5,7,9,10,11);
• aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi arsebul mniSvnelovan geografiul procesebsa da movlenebs Soris
• aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mxareebis magaliTze saqarTvelos mosaxleobis maxasiaTeblebis
Seswavla, dinamikis, Sobadobis maRali donis saqarTvelos saSualo maCvenebelTan SedarebiT,
depopulaciis da mTis daclis problemis mizezebisa da Sedegebis gaanalizeba (geo.sab.7,8);
• aRmosavleT saqarTvelos magaliTze garemo-mosaxleoba-meurneobas Soris mizez-Sedegobrivi
• aRmosavleT saqarTvelos magaliTze saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli sazogadoebriv-geo
grafiuli procesebis (fsevdo-urbanizacia, Sida migracia) mizezebisa da Sedegebis gaanali
zeba (geo.sab. 4,7,8,9,10,11,2,13);
mdgradi ganviTareba
• aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli mdgradi ganviTarebis problemebis (zvavebi,
qarismieri erozia, Rvarcofebi, mewyrebi, gvalva, gaudabnoeba) gaanalizeba; maTze reagirebisa
da prevenciisTvis saWiro RonisZiebebis, daculi teritoriebis Seqmnis, maTi farTobis zrdisa
da biomravalferovnebis mniSvnelobis gaazreba (geo.sab.9,10,11,12,13).
saswavlo Tema: samxreT saqarTvelo (samcxe-javaxeTi)

Temis farglebSi Sedegebis miRwevis indikatorebi - moswavlem unda SeZlos:
• sxvadasxva Tematuri rukis gamoyenebiT samxreT saqarTvelos (mdebareobis, reliefis, havis,
mcenareTa da cxovelTa samyaros, sasargeblo wiaRiseulis, mosaxleobis) daxasiaTeba; geo
grafiuli obieqtebis mdebareobis gansazRvra (geo.sab.1,2,3,9);
• samxreT saqarTvelos Sesaxeb arsebuli informaciis mopoveba sxvadasxva wyarodan da maTi ana
lizi (geo.st.sab. 1,3,6,8);
geografiuli garsi
• samxreT saqarTvelos landSaftebis zogadi daxasiaTeba (geologiuri, atmosferuli procese
bi, hidrologia, flora da fauna, adamianis zegavlena) (geo.sab. 4,5,7,9,10,11);
• samxreT saqarTveloSi arsebul mniSvnelovan geografiul procesebsa da movlenebs Soris
• samxreT saqarTvelos mxareebis magaliTze saqarTvelos mosaxleobis maxasiaTeblebis
Seswavla, dinamikis, eTnikuri da religiuri siWrelis mizezebisa da Sedegebis gaanalizeba
(geo.sab.7,8);
• samxreT saqarTvelos magaliTze garemo-mosaxleoba-meurneobas Soris mizez-Sedegobrivi kav
Sirebis gaanalizeba (geo.sab.5,6,7,8,10,11,12,13);
• samxreT saqarTvelos magaliTze saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli sazogadoebriv-geografi
uli procesebis (rekreacia) mizezebisa da Sedegebis gaanalizeba (geo.sab. 4,7,8,9,10,11,2,13);
mdgradi ganviTareba
• samxreT saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli mdgradi ganviTarebis problemebis (erozia, tyis
Wra, xanZrebi, cxovrebis done/standarti) gaanalizeba; maTze reagirebisa da prevenciisTvis
saWiro RonisZiebebis, daculi teritoriebis Seqmnis, maTi farTobis zrdisa da biomravalfe
rovnebis mniSvnelobis gaazreba (geo.sab.9,10,11,12,13).
13
14
xeleba
resursi
sazRvrebi
msoflioSi
3. kavkasioni
4. mTa mtirala
flora da fauna
I Tema: saqarTvelo
6. wylis resursebi
2. WiaTuris manganumi
8. endemuri da reliqturi
9. turistul-rekreaciuli
5. reprua – umoklesi mdinare
Temebisa da gakveTilebis dasa
1. geografiuli mdebareoba da
7. stiqiuri bunebrivi movlenebi
pirobiTi aRniSvnebis gamoyenebiT sxvadasxva Sinaarsis

1
rukis wakiTxva da analizi;

sxvadasxva geografiuli obieqtis adgilmdebareobis
2
gansazRvra adgilsa da rukaze;

sxvadasxva tipis wyarodan (ruka, foto, cxrili, grafi
analizi
ki, diagrama, aero da kosmosuri suraTebi, multimedia

3
saSualebebi) informaciis amokiTxva da gaanalizeba;

kvlevis Sedegebis cxrilebis, grafikebisa da diagra
ruka da geografiuli
mebis saxiT warmodgena.

geografiuli garsis mTlianobis aRqma da misi geo
sferoebis (liTosfero, atmosfero, hidrosfero,
4
biosfero, noosfero, dedamiwis Sinagani agebuleba)

urTierTdamokidebulebis gaanalizeba;
Sinagani da garegani Zalebis dakavSireba dedamiwis
5
Tanamedrove saxis Camoyalibebis procesTan;

geografiuli aRmoCenebis mniSvnelobis gaazreba
6
sazogadoebis ganviTarebisTvis;
bunebrivi pirobebisa da resursebis zegavlenis
7
gaanalizeba mosaxleobis sameurneo saqmianobasa da

cxovrebis wesze;
mosaxleobis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis (bunebrivi
da meqanikuri moZraoba, struqtura, simWidrove,
8
gansaxleba) cvalebadobis gamomwvevi mizezebisa da
Sedegebis gaazreba;
bunebrivi da sazogadoebrivi sistemebi
calkeuli geografiuli erTeulebis (kontinenti,
9
regioni, bunebrivi zona, landSafti) kompleqsuri
daxasiaTeba.
standartis mimarTulebebi da Sedegebi
garemosadmi mzrunveli damokidebulebis gamovlena
10
mdgradi ganviTarebis garemosdacviTi, socialuri
da ekonomikuri mniSvnelobis gaazreba mosaxleobis
11
keTildReobisTvis;
garemoze adamianis saqmianobis (anTropogenuri zemoq
12
medebis) Sedegebis Sefaseba;
sxvadasxva saxis bunebrivi katastrofis niSnebis
usafrTxoeba
amocnoba; warmoqmnis mizezebis gaanalizeba; maTi
13
Tavidan acilebisTvis/zianis SerbilebisTvis saWiro
mdgradi ganviTareba da
RonisZiebebis mniSvnelobis gaazreba; usafrTxo qcevis

wesebis dacva.
erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan
saxelmZRvanelos Sesatyvisoba
3.
10. mosaxleobis cvlileba 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
11. iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piri (devnili)
12. adamianuri (humanuri) ganviTarebis indeqsi sa

qarTveloSi
Semajamebeli davaleba
II Tema: dasavleTi saqarTvelo

13. dasavleTi kavkasioni
14. Savi zRva
15. kolxeTis dablobi
16. rioni
17. sfagnumiani Waobebi (ramsaris konvencia)
18. sufsis navTobterminali
19. hidroeleqtroenergia
20. sarkineTi
III Tema: aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo
21. aRmosavleTi kavkasioni
22. eldaris dablobi
23. kazreTis sabadoebi
24. alazani
25. mdinare duruji da mdinare kabala
26. lagodexis nakrZali
27. mTisa da baris mcxovrebni
28. meRvineoba
29. Tbilisi
15
16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
IV Tema: samxreTi saqarTvelo
30. vulkanuri reliefi – javaxeTis zegani
31. erozia
32. goderZis uReltexili
33. kontinenturi hava
34. borjomis mineraluri wyali
35. namarxi tye
36. mecxoveleoba
Temisa da gakveTilis Sesabamisoba mkvidr warmodgenebTan
Temisa da gakveTilis Temis mkvidri warmodgenebi

dasaxeleba
Tema 1. saqarTvelo
(bunebrivi da sazoga-
doebrivi sistemebi)
1. geografiuli mde saqarTvelo evropisa da aziis gzaSesayarze mdebareobs;
bareoba da sazRvrebi saqarTvelo seismurad aqtiur zolSi mdebareobs.
2. WiaTuris manganumi saqarTvelo gamoirCeva sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mravalferovnebiTa da mcire
maragiT;
3. kavkasioni saqarTvelo seismurad aqtiur zolSi mdebareobs; saqarTvelos naxevarze meti
mTebs ukavia;
Sxara saqarTvelos umaRlesi mwvervalia.
4. mTa mtirala saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regioni gansxvavebuli klimatiT xasiaTdeba.
5. reprua – umoklesi saqarTvelo hidrografiuli qselis mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba.
mdinare msoflioSi
6. wylis resursebi saqarTvelo hidrografiuli qselis mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba.
7. stiqiuri bunebrivi saqarTveloSi xSiria stiqiuri bunebrivi procesebi.
movlenebi
8. endemuri da reliqtu saqarTvelo biomravalferovnebis TvalsazrisiT evropaSi pirvel adgilzea.
ri flora da fauna
9. turistul-rekreaciu saqarTvelo gamoirCeva turistul-rekreaciuli resursebis mravalferovne
li resursi; biT;
turizmi saqarTvelos ekonomikis mniSvnelovani dargia.
10. mosaxleobis cvli mTaSi saqarTvelos mosaxleobis mxolod mcire nawili cxovrobs.
leba
11. iZulebiT gadaadgile saqarTveloSi bevri devnilia.
buli piri (devnili)
12. adamianuri (humanuri) adamianuri (humanuri) ganviTarebis indeqsi qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
ganviTarebis indeqsi maCvenebelia.
saqarTveloSi
Tema 2. dasavleTi
saqarTvelo
14. Savi zRva Savi zRva mniSvnelovani satransporto arteriaa.
15. kolxeTis dablobi dasavleTi saqarTvelo aRmosavleTTan SedarebiT teniania;
dasavleT saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia mecitruseoba da meCaieoba.
16. rioni rioni saqarTvelos yvelaze wyaluxvi mdinarea.
17. sfagnumiani Waobebi aWara, raWa, guria, imereTi, samegrelo-zemo svaneTi mdidaria turistul-
(ramsaris konvencia) rekreaciuli, gamajansaRebeli da samkurnalo resursebiT (magnetituri qviSa,
mineraluri wylebi).
18. sufsis navTobtermi sufsis navTobterminals didi mniSvneloba aqvs navTobis transportirebis
nali Tvis.
19. hidroeleqtroener dasavleT saqarTveloSi mdebareobs engurhesi.
gia
20. sarkineTi raWaSi rkinis damuSaveba uZvelesi droidan xdeboda.
Tema 3. aRmosavleTi
saqarTvelo
21. aRmosavleTi kavka aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mdebareobs Camqrali vulkani – myinvarwveri.
sioni
22. eldaris dablobi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva tipis havas vxvdebiT.
23. kazreTis sabadoebi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi moipoveben ferad liTonebsa da saSen masalebs.
17
24. alazani alazani saqarTvelos ugrZesi mdinarea;
aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo gamoirCeva yurZnisa da xorblis unikaluri da ende
muri jiSebisa da saxeobebis mravalferovnebiT.
25. mdinare duruji da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi xSiria Rvarcofebi;
mdinare kabala aRmosavleT saqarTvelo gamoirCeva yurZnisa da xorblis unikaluri da ende
26. lagodexis nakrZali lagodexis nakrZali yvelaze Zveli daculi teritoriaa;
lagodexis nakrZali biomravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva.
27. mTisa da baris aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi xelsayreli pirobebia mecxvareobis ganviTarebis
mcxovrebni Tvis;
mosaxleoba mimdebare qalaqebsa da soflebidan yoveldRiurad migrirebs
TbilisSi;
qvemo qarTli gamoirCeva Sobadobis maRali koeficientiT.
28. meRvineoba aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo gamoirCeva yurZnisa da xorblis unikaluri da ende
29. Tbilisi Tbilisi gaSenebulia mtkvris terasebze da mTebiTaa garSemortymuli;
mdinare mtkvari sam qveyanaSi gaedineba;
mosaxleoba mimdebare qalaqebidan da soflebidan yoveldRiurad migrirebs
TbilisSi.
Tema 4. samxreT saqarT-
velo (samcxe-javaxeTi)
30. vulkanuri reliefi – samxreTi saqarTvelo vulkanuri reliefiT gamoirCeva;
javaxeTis zegani samxreTi saqarTvelo mdidaria tbebiT.
31. erozia samxreT saqarTveloSi eroziuli procesebi intensiurad mimdinareobs.
32. goderZis uReltex samxreTi saqarTvelo vulkanuri reliefiT gamoirCeva.
ili
33. kontinenturi hava samxreT saqarTveloSi kontinenturi hava gvaqvs;
kavkasiaSi pirveli observatoria abasTumanSi mdebareobs.
34. borjomis mineraluri samxreT saqarTvelos turistul-rekreaciuli resursebiT gamoirCeva.
wyali
35. namarxi tye namarxi tye bunebis araorganuli Zeglia.
36. mecxoveleoba samxreT saqarTveloSi ganviTarebulia mesaqonleoba da mekartofileoba.
18
4.
meToduri rekomendaciebi
maswavlebelTaTvis
swavla-swavlebis strategiebi
geografiis swavlebis strategiebis didi nawili ukve ganxilulia me-7 da me-8 klasebis
maswavleblis wignebSi. Tumca aqac gTavazobT ramdenime axal strategias, romlebic
daexmareba maswavlebels kompleqsuri davalebebis aqtivobebis dagegmvasa da gan
xorcielebaSi. aseve, moswavleebisTvis interesis gaRviZebaSi, motivaciis aRZvrasa da
kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebaSi. es strategiebi xels Seuwyobs
maswavleblebs, Seqmnan saintereso kompleqsuri davalebebi, xolo moswavleebs – Sea
srulon isini.
SemTxvevis ganxilva
SemTxvevis ganxilva farTod gamoiyeneba ganaTlebis sferoSi. misi mizania, konkre

tuli SemTxvevis ganxilvis safuZvelze damatebiTi informaciisa da codnis SeZena.
SemTxvevis ganxilvisas ar aris aucilebeli, SemTxveva erT konkretul adamians exe
bodes. is SeiZleba adamianTa jgufTan, sxvadasxva situaciasTan, fenomenTan da a.S.
iyos dakavSirebuli.
SemTxvevis Seswavlisas iazreben da aanalizeben konkretul SemTxvevas. mis gan
xilvamde saWiroa, maswavlebelma winaswar moamzados masala, romelic saintereso da
aqtualuria moswavleebisaTvis, maTi asakobrivi Taviseburebis gaTvaliswinebiT da
SesaZlebelia mis Sesaxeb msjeloba.
gansaxilvel masalasTan erTad unda momzaddes ZiriTadi SekiTxvebi; isini SeiZleba
exebodes moswavleTa damokidebulebas konkretuli adamianis, jgufis an konkretul
SemTxvevaSi aRwerili situaciis mimarT; rogori damokidebuleba aqvT SemTxvevis mimarT;
ra aris maTTvis misaRebi/miuRebeli, rogor SeiZleba problemis gadaWra da a.S.
SemTxvevis ganxilvas specialuri teqnikuri aRWurviloba ar sWirdeba. sasurve
lia, yvela moswavles hqondes amobeWdili teqsti SemTxvevis Sesaxeb an maswavlebelma
gamoiyenos proeqtori da leptopi.
SemTxvevis analizze muSaobis eqvsi faza gamoiyofa, romelTa Tanamimdevroba,
TiToeuli fazis dros gansaxorcielebeli aqtivoba da mizani qvemoT moyvanil cxril
Sia warmodgenili.
cxrili adaptirebulia wyaroebidan: Kaiser (Hrsg.): Die Fallstudie. Theorie und Praxis der Fallstu-
diendidaktik (Forschen und Lernen, Bd. 6) Bad Heilbrunn 1983 Hoffmann, B.; Langefeld, U.: Methoden-Mix, 1998
19
fazebi qmedeba/aqtivoba mizani
konfrontacia SemTxvevis gacnoba moswavleebi Caswvdnen aRweril
SemTxvevasTan situacias da masSi miRebul gadawy
vetilebas.
muSaoba informa situaciis gaanalizeba da/an damatebiTi infor moswavleebi aanalizeben da afase
ciaze maciis moZieba ben mocemul informacias da
moipoveben damatebiT informacias
problemis ukeT gadaWris mizniT.
diskusia jgufis problemis gadaWris alternatiuli gzebis moswavleebs uviTardebaT diver
SigniT SemuSaveba, Tavis moyra da TiToeuli maTganis gentuli azrovneba.
Zlier, sust mxareebsa da Sedegebze msjeloba
SeTanxmeba jgufis jgufSi diskusiis Semdeg SemoTavazebuli moswavleebs uviTardebaT kamaTisa
SigniT alternativebidan saukeTesos arCeva da Sefasebis unari.
disputi mTeli jgufebSi miRebuli gadawyvetilebis klasis moswavleebs uviTardebaT argu
klasis monawileo Tvis gacnoba, miRebuli gadawyvetilebis mar mentirebulad dasabuTebis unari.
biT Tebulobis dasabuTeba da xelaxali diskusia
mTeli klasis monawileobiT
Sedareba jgufebis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis moswavleebs uviTardebaT
Sedareba SemTxvevaSi mocemul/realurad miRe refleqsiisa da transferis unari.
bul gadawyvetilebasTan da rekomendaciebis
SemuSaveba
SemTxvevis analizis zemoT warmodgenili struqtura gamoxatavs gadawyvetilebis

miRebis procesis tipur mimdinareobas, Tumca am procesis calkeuli faza SeiZleba
rogorc gamorCeulad swrafad, aseve gamorCeulad nela mimdinareobdes an saerTod
gamotovebul iqnes meTodis ama Tu im variantis SemTxvevaSi.
teqstze muSaobis strategiebi
teqstSi mTavari ideis dadgenis ramdenime kargi strategia arsebobs. esenia teqstSi
mniSvnelovani adgilebis moniSvna/xazgasma da Canawerebis warmoeba.
moswavleebma teqstis kiTxvisas unda ipovon da daweron mTavari winadadeba TiToeuli
abzacidan an gverdidan. aseve daadginon ramdenime specifikuri azris momcveli ZiriTadi
ideebi; ipovon yoveli ZiriTadi ideis Sesabamisi damxmare informacia, waSalon nebis
mieri zedmeti informacia an usargeblo detalebi. metad mniSvnelovani da efeqtiania
xazgasasmeli informaciis sworad SerCeva. mecnierebma daadgines, rom swavlis procesi
gaumjobesda mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebs erTgvari SezRudva dauweses – yovel abzacze
an gverdze mxolod erTi winadadebis xazgasmis ufleba misces. am dros moswavle, garda
imisa, rom swavlobs sworad SerCevas, mas aseve unda SeeZlos moniSnuli informaciis
sakuTari sityvebiT gadmocemac.
Canawerebis keTeba moswavleebs exmareba yuradRebis koncentraciasa da informaciis
kodirebaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, is qmnis safuZvels, miRebuli informacia daileqos maT
grZelvadian mexsierebaSi. mTavari ideebis sakuTari sityvebiT Casawerad maT mouwevT
informaciis interpretacia, arsebul codnasTan misi dakavSireba, Camoyalibeba da
struqturireba. Canawerebis warmoeba xels uwyobs swavlis process, gansakuTrebiT
maSin, rodesac moswavles ar gaaCnia informaciis/masalis sabazo codna.
Canawerebi saSualebas iZleva, daubrundeT mas da xelaxla gaaanalizoT miRebuli
informacia. isini SeiZleba informaciis `sawyobs~ SevadaroT. dadgenilia, rom moswav
leebi, romlebic Canawerebs awarmoeben, ukeT qmnian saboloo produqts, magaliTad,
statias, angariSs, moxsenebas da sxv., gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac Canaweri bevri da
20
xarisxiania. Canawerebis raodenoba mniSvnelovania, radgan sworad SerCeuli da Cawe
rili informacia ZiriTadi ideisTvis alRos aRebaSi, cnebebis gagebasa da kavSirebis
dadgenaSi gexmarebaT.
moswavleebma, romlebic eqspertis doneze floben Canawerebis warmoebis teqnikas,
ician, rogor gamoiyenon Canaweri miznis misaRwevad da efeqtianad cvlian strategiebs
Sesabamisi davalebebis Sesrulebis Semdeg; isini iyeneben pirad kodebs rTuli da maT
Tvis axali informaciis mosaniSnavad; ician, rogor Seavson nakluli informacia da
amisTvis mimarTaven sxvadasxva wyaros;
zogierTi maswavlebeli Canawerebis warmoebaSi dasaxmareblad moswavleebs sTavazobs
specialur matricebsa da rukebs. gaxsovdeT: pirvel etapze, rodesac moswavleebisT
vis sruliad ucxoa aseTi rukebis daxmarebiT muSaoba, samuSaos meti wilis Sesruleba
Tavad mogiwevT. Tu rukebsa da matricebs iyenebT, urCieT moswavleebs gaucvalon
erTmaneTs TavianTi Sevsebuli rukebi da gauziaron mosazrebebi.
SWOT-analizi
SWOT-analizi strategiuli dagegmarebis meTodia. sxva arsebul meTodebs Soris,

romlebic afaseben raimes (situaciis, ganviTarebis SesaZleblobis) mdgomareobas,
yvelaze metad gavrcelebulia SWOT-analizis meTodi. SWOT-analizi aris xerxi, rom
lis meSveobiTac Cveni SesaZleblobebisa da saqmiani garemos Seswavlaa SesaZlebeli.
SWOT inglisuri abreviaturaa, romlis yoveli aso analizis calkeul elements
aRniSnavs: S – strengths (Zlieri mxare); W – weakness (susti mxare); O – opportunities (SesaZleb
lobebi); T – threats (mosalodneli safrTxe). meTodi gamoiyeneba susti da Zlieri mxaree
bis, garemoSi ukve arsebuli da SesaZlo dadebiTi da uaryofiTi gavlenis faqtorebis
gansasazRvrad da maT Soris kavSirebis dasanaxad.
kognituri sqemis gamoyeneba
grafikuli organizatorebis – kognituri sqemebis saxeebi
grafikuli sqemebis gamoyeneba warmodgenis aralingvistur formebs Soris yvelaze

farTod gavrcelebuli saSualebaa. grafikuli sqema, rogorc wesi, warmosaxvis orive
formas gulisxmobs – lingvistursa da aralingvisturs. lingvisturia: sityvebi da
frazebi. aralingvisturia: sxvadasxva tipis simboloebi da isrebi, romlebic am sim
boloebis urTierTmimarTebas gamoxatavs.
21
kognituri sqema aris CarCo, yalibi, romelSic mocemulia qcevis monaxazi, SesaZleb
loba. kognituri diagramebiT, anu grafikuli organizatorebiT muSaoba moswavleebs
mniSvnelovani informaciis aRqmaSi exmareba. maT xelT eZlevaT teqstis, ideis, sakiTxis
kontrolis meqanizmi, romelic nawilisa da mTelis, cnebisa da detalebis urTierT
mimarTebis dadgenasa da vizualurad danaxvaSi daexmarebaT. kognituri diagramebi
kargi saSualebaa, rom moswavleebi gaaqtiurdnen da damoukideblad muSaobas mieCvion.
kognituri diagramebis saSualebiT moswavle:
• anawevrebs mocemul informacias;
• sistemurad alagebs informacias;
• Seicnobs mTelisa da detalebis urTierTmimarTebas;
• eCveva kritikul azrovnebas;
• swavlobs damoukideblad muSaobas.
rodis da rogor gamoiyeneba kognituri diagramebi:
• axali masalis gacnoba-warmodgenisas;
• Semajamebeli samuSaos Catarebis dros;
• teqstis kiTxvisa da damuSavebisas;
• rogorc individualurad, aseve jgufebSi muSaobis dros.
gTavazobT sxvadasxva saxis grafikul organizators:
mizezebi
problemis gadaWris
gza, daskvna
problema
faqtebi da argumentebi
problema movlenaTa jaWvi
teqsti teqsti
mizezebi
teqsti
teqsti teqsti
gadaWris gzebi
teqsti
teqsti teqsti
22
23
24
strategia `klasteri~
`klasteri“ warmodgeba laTinuri sityvisgan – cluster da `Tavmoyra-dagrovebas“,

`konas“, `Tanavarskvlaveds“ niSnavs. klasteri informaciis, masalis grafikuli orga
nizebis formaa. misi saSualebiT SegviZlia, TvalsaCino gavxadoT da sqemis saxiT
gamovsaxoT azrovnebis yvela is procesi, romelic ama Tu im Temis ganxilvis dros
warmoiqmneba. klasteri kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebis araCveu
lebrivi instrumentia.
moswavlis kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebaze dafuZnebuli
geografiis gakveTili Semdegi etapisgan Sedgeba: muSaobis sawyis etapze maswavlebeli
moswavleebTan erTad iwers yvela asociacias, romelic moswavleebs TemasTan mimarTe
biT uCndebaT, riTac moswavleTa swavlisa da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis motivacia
imatebs. klasteri maT exmareba arsebuli codnis sistematizaciaSi da ama Tu im nawilSi
(sferoSi) arasakmarisi, arazusti, bundovani, gasaumjobesebeli codnis gamovlenaSi.
mniSvnelovania, rom procesSi CaerTos yvela moswavle. isini afiqsireben varaudebs,
asociaciebs da uCndebaT kiTxvebi, romlebzec surT pasuxebis moZebna;
Semdeg etapze moswavleebi Temaze, Sesaswavl axal masalaze muSaoben damoukideblad
an jgufebSi. am dros kiTxuloben teqsts, miRebul informacias, faqtebs iazreben da
aanalizeben; bolo etapze ki axal informacias afiqsireben, ajgufeben cnebebs, adgenen
maT Soris logikur kavSirebs da gamoaqvT daskvnebi.
meTodis gamoyenebis dadebiTi mxareebia:
• SesaZlebelia didi moculobis informaciis damuSaveba;
• iwvevs moswavleTa dainteresebas da procesSi CarTvas;
• xels uwyobs iseTi unarebis ganviTarebas, rogorebicaa: varaudebis gamoTqma,
25
kiTxvebis dasma, prognozireba, mniSvnelovanis gamoyofa, mizezSedegobrivi
kavSirebis dadgena, daskvnebis gamotana, analizi, Sefaseba.
klasteris meTodis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia yvela gakveTilze, muSaobis forma
SeiZleba iyos rogorc individualuri, ise jgufuri. SesaZlebelia, am meTodiT muSaobis
Sereuli formac gamoviyenoT. magaliTad, gamowvevis fazaze moswavleebma SeiZleba
imuSaon individualurad, xolo Semdeg or fazaze – jgufurad.
arsebobs klasterebis sxvadasxva varianti. ganvixiloT zogierTi maTgani.
jgufuri klasteri
Tavdapirvelad maswavlebeli asaxelebs Temas. moswavleebi muSaoben jgufebad da

TiToeuli jgufi qmnis klasters Temis erTi romelime mimarTulebiT. Semdeg jgufebis
mier Seqmnili klasterebi erTiandeba da miiReba Temis erTiani klasteri.
jgufuri klasterebis nimuSebi:
ilustrirebuli klasteri
mas zogjer àrtklastersac~ uwodeben. moswavleebi iReben suraTebs, naxatebs,

fotoebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia gansaxilvel TemasTan. maTi amocanaa, ganalagon
es suraTebi sakvanZo sakiTxis irgvliv da axsnan, ratom devs esa Tu is suraTi swored
am adgilas.
prezentacia
prezentacia auditoriis winaSe raime sakiTxis sajaro wardgenis procesia. sagno

brivi standartebis moTxovnidan gamomdinare, moswavleebs mudmivad unda uwevdeT
TavianTi moklevadiani Tu grZelvadiani kvlevis klasis winaSe wardgena.
prezentaciis mizania, adamianebis garkveul wres (magaliTad, Tanaklaselebs) gaac
nos saqmianobis, kvlevis Sedegebi. sasurvelia, moswavleebis mier gakeTebuli prezen
tacia iyos mokle (ara umetes 10-15 wuTisa), azriani da saintereso. kargad momzadebuli
Sinaarsisa da sxvadasxva TvalsaCinoebis gamoyenebis (flifCarti, masalebi da a.S.) garda,
aseve aucilebelia, momxsenebelma gaiTvaliswinos araverbaluri komunikaciis iseTi
elementebi, rogorebicaa xmis tembri, sxeulis ena-Jestikulacia.
prezentaciis momzadebisas saWiroa auditoriis Seswavla, Sesavlis, moxsenebis ZiriTa
26
di nawilisa da daskvnis dagegmva, sademonstracio TvalsaCinoebebis SerCeva. Semdeg
iwereba moxseneba. moswavle unda moemzados SesaZlo SekiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemadac.
gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtoric, rom Tuki prezentacia auditoriisaTvis gasagebad
ar warimarTeba, daikargeba mis mimarT interesi. aseve kargad unda iyos dagegmili
gamosvlis dro. rac mcirea dro, miT ufro rTulia yvela ZiriTadi ideis warmoCena.
moxsenebis momzadebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom momxsenebeli, saSualod, 100 sity
vas ambobs wuTSi. gaiTvaliswineT, rom auditoriis interess ganapirobebs gamosvlis
pirveli wuTebi. moyvanili magaliTebi adekvaturi unda iyos. magaliTebi saSualebas
iZleva, auditoriam ukeT daimaxsovros Tema. ZiriTadi idea ar unda iyos bevri (saSua
lod – 3), radgan erTi Temidan meoreze gadasvla auditoriis yuradRebis gafantvas
iwvevs.
mniSvnelovania gamosvlis dasasrulic. dasasruli unda iyos pozitiuri, an mTavrde
bodes SekiTxviT. amiT Tqven aiZulebT auditorias, miubrundes ganxilul sakiTxs da
dafiqrdes masze.
TvalsaCinoebebi auditoriisaTvis gamomsvlelis poziciis erTgvari dadasturebaa
da xels uwyobs ZiriTad ideebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebas.
TvalsaCinoeba SeiZleba iyos ori tipis: teqsturi da grafikuli. isini warmoadgenen
moxsenebis mniSvnelovan danamats. teqsturSi warmoCenili unda iyos mTavari postu
latebi, rac auditorias mxedvelobiTi mexsierebis saSualebiT advilad amaxsovre
binebs sakiTxs. postulati unda eweros garkveviT, didi SriftiT da ar aRematebodes
4-5 xazs. grafikuli SeiZleba iyos sqema, diagrama, cxrili, ruka, foto, naxati. saWiroa,
prezentatorma gamosvlaSi CarTos vizualuri masala, miipyros auditoriis yuradReba,
magram ar unda kiTxulobdes masze warwerebs. umjobesia perifrazireba, axsna.
prezentatorma winaswar unda moamzados oTaxi, naxos, ra dasWirdeba ilustraciebis
misamagreblad, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moamzados markeri da sxva resursi.
warmatebuli gamosvlisaTvis saWiroa, damyardes auditoriasTan kontaqti. gamosv
lisas gasaTvaliswinebelia xmis tembri, rac auditoriis sididezea damokidebuli.
dgoma, Jestebi unda iyos bunebrivi, metyveleba – gamarTuli da mSvidi, winadadebebi
martivi, msjeloba – Tanmimdevruli, Tavi unda aaridoT Temidan Temaze gadaxtomas.
auditoriis kiTxvebze pasuxebi konkretuli unda iyos. ar aris saWiro pasuxebis Zalian
gaSla, radgan SeiZleba auditoriasTan kontaqti daikargos. Tuki kiTxvebi ar aris,
prezentatorma Tavad SeiZleba dasvas savaraudo kiTxva msmenelis nacvlad, amis Sem
deg SesaZlebelia sxvac SeuerTdes.
kargia, rodesac adamiani flobs prezentaciis warmoebis unars. skolam moswavleebs
unda ganuviTaros es unar-Cveva sxvadasxva saganSi, rac gulisxmobs maT mier Seqmnili
kvlevis Sedegebis auditoriis winaSe wardgenas.
prezentaciis Sesafaseblad maswavlebelma SeiZleba gamoiyenos Semdegi kriteriumebi:
• ramdenad saintereso iyo Sesavali nawili;
• ramdenad gamokveTilad iyo Camoyalibebuli Tezisebi;
• ramdenad damajerebeli iyo argumentacia, magaliTad, gamyarebuli iyo msjeloba
konkretuli magaliTebiTa da faqtebiT;
• Seajama Tu ara prezentaciis daskvniTma nawilma proeqti;
• ramdenad saintereso da originaluri iyo saprezentacio Tema;
• ramdenad daculi iyo msjelobis nawilebs Soris balansi;
• ramdenad miipyro prezentatorma auditoriis yuradReba;
• ramdenad SeZlo prezentatorma auditoriis yuradRebis SenarCuneba prezen
taciis bolomde;
• ramdenad mozomili da miznobrivi iyo prezentatoris Jestikulacia da manerebi;
• ramdenad sZlia prezentatorma nerviulobis zogad fons;
27
• ramdenad Tamamad da damajereblad gasca man msmenelebis mier dasmul SekiTx
vebs pasuxi;
• ramdenad daicva prezentatorma saprezentacio reglamenti;
• ramdenad iyo prezentatori momzadebuli, miejaWva Tu ara igi baraTebs, fur
clebs, masalas;
• ramdenad iyenebda prezentatori TvalsaCinoebas.
maswavlebelma TiToeuli kriteriumis gaswvriv unda daweros Sesabamisi niSani,
procentuli Sesatyvisi, amis Semdeg jamdeba qulebi da gamoiTvleba saSualo ariT
metikuli. SesaZlebelia, maswavlebelma ar gamoiyenos yvela kriteriumi da SearCios
maTgan ufro mniSvnelovani. igi iniSnavs prezentatoris dadebiT da sust mxareebs.
prezentaciis dasrulebis Semdeg ki moswavles eubneba yovelive amis Sesaxeb, pozitiu
ri kritikis formiT (ix. Sefaseba).
auditoriis yuradRebis mobilizebisaTvis maswavlebelma SesaZloa moswavleebs
sTxovos TiToeuli prezentatoris Sefaseba specialurad maTTvis gankuTvnili kri
teriumebis mixedviT. kriteriumebi SeiZleba iyos Semdegi:
• ramdenad saintereso iyo saprezentacio Tema;
• ramdenad miipyro prezentatorma Tqveni yuradReba;
• ramdenad gagiCinaT prezentaciam kiTxvebis dasmis survili;
• ramdenad dagitovaT prezentaciam samomavlod am sakiTxze fiqris survili.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAPMAKER INTERACTIVE-is gamoyeneba

geografiis swavlebisas
National Geographic geografiis maswavleblebisTvis Zalian saWiro da Rirebuli resursia.

National Geographic-is vebgverdze mravalferovan da saintereso geografiul informacias
Tan erTad, SegiZliaT gaecnoT gakveTilis gegmebs, saswavlo masalebsa da resursebs
da rac mTavaria, geografiul rukebs. ufro metic, programa https://mapmaker.nationalgeo-
graphic.org/-is gamoyenebiT Tqven Tavad SegiZliaT SeqmnaT rukebi.
gTavazobT am onlaininstrumentis gamoyenebis instruqcias da vimedovnebT, rom
am programas gakveTilze intensiurad da efeqtianad gamoiyenebT.
ra aris National Geographic MapMaker Interactive?
MapMaker Interacive onlainrukebis instrumentia, romelic maswavleblebsa da moswav

leebs saSualebas aZlevs, Seiswavlon msoflios qveynebi vebgverdze mocemuli ruke
bis Temebis, monacemebisa da instrumentebis gamoyenebiT. onlainrukebi uadvilebs
moswavleebs, vizualurad kargad aRiqvan da daadginon, Tu rogor urTierTqmedeben
Cvens planetaze erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli socialuri da fizikuri sistemebi.
vebgverdze mravalferovani sabaziso rukebidan SegiZliaT airCioT swored is ruka,
romelic Tqveni informaciis rukaze gadasatanad gamogadgebaT. National Geographic Map-
Maker Interactive saSualebas gaZlevT, SeiswavloT sxvadasxva sivrculi movlena an procesi,
an Tqven mier ukve SerCeul sabaziso rukas winaswar moZiebuli monacemebi daamatoT.
sabaziso rukebze aRniSnulia msoflios qveynebi, maTi administraciuli sazRvrebi,
qalaqebi, daculi teritoriebi, magistralebi, gzebi, rkinigzebi, wylis obieqtebi,
Senobebi da sxva obieqtebi.
28
rogor gamoviyenoT National Geographic MapMaker Interactive?
muSaoba daiwyeT msoflios „carieli“ e.w. sabaziso rukiT, romlis gadideba da pano
ramireba SesaZlebelia. programis gverdze, marjvena mxares mocemulia sabaziso rukebi,
romelTaganac Rilakis `Sris damateba~ (Add & Remove Layers) saSualebiT SegiZliaT air
CioT sasurveli ruka. ufro metic, erTdroulad SegiZliaT SearCioT ramdenime ruka,
daawyoT es rukebi fenebad da SecvaloT maTi gamWvirvaloba sivrciTi urTierTobebis
Sesaswavlad.
sabaziso rukebis fenebis kategoria moicavs Semdeg rukebs: amindi da klimati, wya
li, aSS-is istoria, kvebis produqtebi, mosaxleoba, garemos dacva, energia, kultura,
cxovelebis gavrcelebis arealebi, ekonomika da politikuri sazRvrebi. TiToeuli
kategoria, aseve, Sedgeba hidrosferos, liTosferos, atmosferosa da biosferosTan
dakavSirebuli rukebis fenebisgan. magaliTad, kategoriaSi `garemos dacva~ Sedis
29
rukebi – CO2 emisia, hidroeleqtroenergetika, geoTermuli energia, ekologiuri
nakvalevi da sxv. rukebi.
am interaqtiuri rukebis daxmarebiT, magaliTad, SesaZlebelia SevadaroT CO2-is
emisia da energiis globaluri moxmareba, rom davinaxoT aris Tu ara kavSiri maT Soris.
aseve rukebis fenebis erTmaneTze dadebiT SegviZlia, Zlieri miwisZvrebis adgilebi
SevadaroT teqtonikuri filebis ganlagebas da gamovitanoT daskvna (ix. foto).
National Geographic MapMaker Interactive saSualebas gaZlevT, Tqvens geografiul „moTxro

bas“ – e.w. „geoturs“ daamatoT furclebi axali rukebiT, xolo saniSneebis saSualebiT
isini SeinaxoT. Semdeg ki SegiZliaT isini daaredaqtiroT, an ukve mza saxiT eleqtronul
fostaze gaugzavnoT adresats (mag.: maswavlebels an Tanaklasels) an socialur qse
lebSi gamoaqveynoT da sxvebs gauziaroT.
MapMaker Interactive-Si xatvis panelis gamoyenebiT Tqvens rukas SegiZliaT daamatoT

xazebi, marTkuTxedebi, wreebi, mravalkuTxedebi da etiketebi. Tqveni obieqtis an
teqstis feris, sisqis an zomis Sesacvlelad gamoiyeneT redaqtirebis palitra. es
imas niSnavs, rom SegiZliaT daxatoT axali ruka.
National Geographic MapMaker Interactive saSualebas gaZlevT, gaavloT xazebi Tqvens rukaze
nebismier geografiul obieqtebs Soris, gazomoT am xazebis sigrZe da gaigoT realu
ri manZili maT Soris. aseve SegiZliaT SecvaloT Tqveni xazi redaqtirebis palitris
gamoyenebiT, SecvaloT misi feri, sisqe, stili an gazomvis erTeuli, moniSnoT teri
toriebi, arealebi, sazRvrebi, gamoyoT Tqven mier SerCeuli feriT.
National Geographic MapMaker Interactive saSualebas gaZlevT, gansazRvroT nebismieri geog
rafiuli obieqtis geografiuli koordinatebi – grZedi da ganedi. Tqvens rukaze arse
buli gradusTa badis xazebi – meridianebi da paralelebi dagexmarebaT geografiul
sivrceSi Tqveni adgilmdebareobis gansazRvraSi. amisaTvis ki saWiroa mxolod daawka
punoT ujraze menius marcxena qvemoTa kuTxeSi.
30
Tqvens rukebze e.w. „sarWebiT“ an markeriT SegiZliaT moniSnoT TqvenTvis mniSv
nelovani adgilebi, daamatoT maTi fotoebi, videoebi da aRwerilobebi, gamoiyenoT
markerebi, xazebi an figurebi da moyveT Tqveni geografiuli istoria – „geoturi“
Map Maker-Si.
MapMaker Interactive-iT SegiZliaT miiRoT informacia da gaecnoT msoflios nebismier

qveyanas. amisaTvis saWiroa CarToT funqcia `qveynis droSebi da faqtebi~ (Country Flags
& Facts), romelic naxatis xelsawyoTa panelSia ganTavsebuli da daawkapunoT TqvenTvis
saintereso qveyanaze.
31
rogor SevinaxoT Seqmnili ruka?
Tqveni Seqmnili ruka SegiZliaT SeinaxoT National Geographic MapMaker Interactive-Si, amisaT
vis gadadiT Rilak „Save“-ze da daawkapuneT. am operaciis Semdeg MapMaker gamogigzavniT
Tqveni rukis or bmuls: erTi saSualebas gaZlevT, ganaaxloT da SecvaloT ruka mogvia
nebiT da meore, romelic inaxavs `mxolod wakiTxvis~ versias da romlis gaziarebac
SegiZliaT. aseve SegiZliaT moniSnoT Tqveni ruka GeoTour-Si mogvianebiT gamosayeneblad.
rodis gamoviyenoT?
maswavlebels National Geographic Mapmaker SeuZlia gamoiyenos moswavleebTan informaciis
gasaziareblad, distanciuri swavlebis dros, interaqtiuri gakveTilebis Catarebi
sas, cifruli da geografiuli unarebis gansaviTareblad, kompleqsuri davalebebis
Sesaqmnelad.
portalisa da programis vebgverdis bmulebi:

https://www.nationalgeographic.org
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/education/
http://mapmaker.education.nationalgeographic.com
ganxilul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT damatebiTi informaciis misaRebad da praqti
kuli saqmianobis dasawyebad ixileT vebinaris linki:
https://www.facebook.com/tpdc.gov.ge/videos/672095783354001/
https://www.facebook.com/tpdc.gov.ge/videos/608652300009156/
https://www.facebook.com/pg/tpdc.gov.ge/videos/
32
geografiuli resursebis analizi
vizualuri wyaros analizi
es strategia moswavleebs saSualebas miscems, gamoimuSaon vizualuri wyaros anali

zis unar-Cvevebi. vizualur geografiul wyaroSi igulisxmeba: geografiuli Sinaarsis
infografikebi, posterebi, karikaturebi, aseve ferweruli tiloebi, romlebic geog
rafiul Tematikazea Seqmnili, fotosuraTebi, kerZo pirebis Canaxatebi, kinofilmebi,
videoklipebi da sxva.
strategia moicavs xuT safexurs: aRweras – identificirebas – interpretacias –
Sefasebas – gamoxmaurebas/refleqsias. misi gamoyeneba moswavleebs daexmareba:
• vizualuri wyaroebis gagebasa da interpretaciaSi;
• kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis CamoyalibebaSi;
• swavlis meTodebis gamomuSavebaSi.
procedurebi:
nabiji pirveli: momzadeba

• maswavlebelma winaswar unda gansazRvros am strategiis konkretuli mizani
konkretul gakveTilze.
• aqtivobis dagegmvisas maswavlebelma unda SearCios iseTi vizualuri wyaro,
romelic advili aRsaqmeli iqneba moswavleebisTvis. umjobesia, is iyos feradi
(Tumca, SeiZleba iyos Sav-TeTric), did formatze da klasis nebismieri werti
lidan advilad SeiZlebodes danaxva.
• maswavlebelma winaswar unda gansazRvros: moswavleebma individualurad unda
imuSaon Tu jgufurad.
• maswavlebelma winaswar unda gansazRvros, Tu ra aqtivobebs ganaxorcieleben
moswavleebi miznis misaRwevad.
nabiji meore: wyaros analizis xuTi safexuri: aRwera – identificireba – inter
pretacia – Sefaseba – gamoxmaureba/refleqsia
1. aRwera – maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs: yuradRebiT daakvirdiT gamosaxu
lebas. CamowereT furclebze an sakuTar rveulebSi, rac SeiZleba detalurad:
- ras xedavT am gamosaxulebaze?
- ra ferebia gamosaxulebaSi gamoyenebuli?
- aRwereT sagnebi da adamianebi maqsimalurad detalurad;
- aRwereT am wyaros kompozicia (gamosaxuli pirebis an sagnebis ganlageba, urTi
erTmimarTeba da sxva).
am safexurze moswavleebi mxolod aRweren wyaros. maswavlebelma ar unda dauSvas
misi analizi an interpretacia.
moswavleebis mier wyaros werilobiT daxasiaTebis Semdeg, isini klasis winaSe
zepirad warmoadgenen sakuTar namuSevars. Tu moswavleebi samuSaos jgufebSi
asruleben, maSin erToblivi muSaobis Semdeg, prezentatori warmoadgens jgufis
pozicias. es prezentacia Semdegi sityvebiT unda iwyebodes:
am wyaroze dakvirvebisas, me/Cven vxedav/vxedavT .........
2. identificireba – ganisazRvros ZiriTadi informacia am gamosaxulebis Sesaxeb.
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, upasuxon Semdeg SekiTxvebs: – ra kiTxvebi
dagebadaT wyaros Sesaxeb?
- ra kiTxvebze unda gaices pasuxi, rom daiwyoT wyaros interpretacia?
moswavleebi Camoweren am SekiTxvebs rveulebSi an furclebze da cdiloben, mona
xon pasuxebi maT mier dasmul SekiTxvebze. es SekiTxvebi SeiZleba iyos:
33
- rodis Seiqmna es wyaro?
- vin aris misi avtori? da sxv.
moswavleebi klasis winaSe zepirad warmoadgenen sakuTar namuSevars. Tu moswav
leebi samuSaos jgufebSi asruleben, maSin erToblivi muSaobis Semdeg prezentatori
warmoadgens jgufis pozicias. es prezentacia Semdegi sityvebiT unda iwyebodes:
am wyaroze dakvirvebisas, me minda vicode/Cven gvinda vicodeT...
3. interpretacia – imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra ician konkretuli vizualuri wyaros
Sesaxeb (SesaZlebelia, arsebobdes damatebiTi informacia) da ras xedaven gamo
saxulebaze, moswavleebma unda gaaanalizon:
- ras gulisxmobs es wyaro?
- ra ideebis gadmocema undoda avtors?
moswavleebi rveulSi an furclebze werilobiT pasuxoben am SekiTxvebs, xolo
Semdeg mTeli klasis winaSe warmoadgenen sakuTar namuSevars. Tu moswavleebi samuSaos
jgufebSi asruleben, maSin erToblivi muSaobis Semdeg prezentatori warmoadgens
jgufis pozicias. es prezentacia Semdegi sityvebiT unda iwyebodes:
me mgonia/Cven gvgonia, rom am wyaros avtors undoda eTqva...
4. Sefaseba – maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, upasuxon Semdeg kiTxvebs:
- rogor fiqrobT, ra aris am gamosaxulebis mizani?
- vin arian am gamosaxulebis adresatebi (visTvisaa gankuTvnili es gamosaxuleba)?
- rogor fiqrobT, miaRwia Tu ara avtorma Tavis mizans? Tu ki – ratom? da Tu
ara – ratom?
moswavleebi rveulSi an furclebze werilobiT pasuxoben am SekiTxvebs, xolo
Semdeg mTeli klasis winaSe warmoadgenen sakuTar namuSevars. Tu moswavleebi samuSaos
Catarebuli analizis safuZvelze mivedi/mivediT im daskvnamde, rom avtorma
miaRwia/ar miaRwia Tavis mizans, radganac....
5. gamoxmaureba/refleqsia – maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, upasuxon Semdeg
kiTxvebs:
- rogor fiqrobT, ra gavlena SeeZlo moexdina am vizualur wyaros konkretul
istoriul procesebze/sazogadoebaze/adamianebze?
- ra SeuZlia mogiTxroT am gamosaxulebam imdroindeli cxovrebis, lokaluri
adgilisa da epoqis Sesaxeb?
- ra kiTxvebi dagebadaT am wyaros analizis Semdeg?
- kidev ra gindaT, rom am Temis Sesaxeb icodeT?
moswavleebi rveulSi an furclebze werilobiT pasuxoben am SekiTxvebs, xolo Sem
deg mTeli klasis winaSe warmoadgenen sakuTar namuSevars. Tu moswavleebi samuSaos
me vfiqrob/Cven vfiqrobT, rom am gamosaxulebas SeeZlo gavlena moexdina...
am wyaros analizis Sedegad, me gavige/Cven gavigeT, rom...
am wyaros analizis Sedegad, me damebada/Cven dagvebada Semdegi SekiTxvebi...
nabiji mesame: analizis Sedareba
Catarebuli samuSaos Semdeg klasSi imarTeba diskusia im ideebis avtorebs Soris,
romelTac sruliad gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi gamoTqves. maswavlebeli da moswav
leebi ajameben gakveTils.
34
rukis analizis samuSao furceli
1. rukis tipi:
• fizikuri ruka • bunebrivi resursebis ruka • aerokosmosuri ruka
• topografiuli ruka • turistuli ruka • gzebis ruka
• politikuri ruka • klimaturi ruka • dasaxlebebis ruka
• konturuli ruka • bunebrivi zonebis ruka • sxva
2. rukis fizikuri maxasia

Teblebi
• qveynis mxareebis aRniSvna • nomenklatura • saTauri
• xelnaweri ruka • masStabi • legenda
• Seqnis dro • rukis Semdgenlis vinaoba • sxva
3. rukis Seqmnis dro
4. rukis Semdgenlis vinaoba
5. rukis damzadebis adgili
6. rukis informacia:
a) daakvirdiT rukas da CamoTvaleT sami ram, rac Tqveni azriT, mniSvnelovania am rukaze:
1.
2.
3.
b) Tqveni azriT, ra mizniT Seiqmna es ruka? pasuxi daasabuTeT.
g) ra damatebiT informacias gaZlevT ruka gansaxilvel TemasTan dakavSirebiT?
d) rukaze mocemuli ra informacia ewinaaRmdegeba Tqvens codnas gansaxilvel TemasTan

dakavSirebiT?
e) dausviT SekiTxva rukis Semdgenels, romelic, Tqveni azriT, pasuxgaucemelia rukaze:
35
fotosuraTis analizis samuSao furceli
safexuri 1. dakvirveba
a) daakvirdiT fotosuraTs 2 wuTis ganmavlobaSi.
aRwereT, rogoria fotosuraTisgan miRebuli zogadi STabeWdileba?
Semdeg dayaviT suraTi seqtorebad da konkretulad gaarCieT TiToeuli seqtori.
1. zogadi STabeWdileba ______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. seqtorebis analizi ________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
b) gamoiyeneT qvemoT mocemuli cxrili da CamowereT adamianebis, sagnebis, garemos da moqme

debebis sia
adamianebi sagnebi/garemo moqmedebebi
safexuri 2. daskvna
CamoTvaleT sami mniSvnelovani ram, rasac es fotosuraTi gadmogvcems:
1. ______________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________
safexuri 3. SekiTxvebi
a) ra SekiTxvebs aRgiZravT es fotosuraTi?
b) sad SegiZliaT am SekiTxvebze pasuxis monaxva?
36
posteris/ plakatis/ analizis samuSao furceli
1 daasaxeleT ZiriTadi ferebi, romliTac Sesrulebulia posteri/plakati.
2 aRwereT posteri/ plakati.
3 ra simboloebia gamoyenebuli?
4 romeli simboloa:
a) naTeli (advilad gasagebi) ________________________________________________________
b) bundovani ________________________________________________________________________
g) advilad dasamaxsovrebeli _______________________________________________________
5 plakatSi/posterSi gadmocemuli informacia aris umTavresad vizualuri, verba

luri Tu orive erTad?
6 rogor fiqrobT, romeli auditoriisTvisaa gankuTvnili es plakati/posteri?
7 ra iyo plakatis/posteris avtorTa mizani?
8 sazogadoebis ra miznebs emsaxureba plakati/posteri?
37
karikaturis analizis samuSao furceli
1. raze miuTiTebs karikaturis warwera da

saTauri?
2. CamowereT obieqtebi an adamianebi, rom

lebic gamosaxulia karikaturaze
3. SearCieT sami sityva an fraza, romlebic

axasiaTebs karikaturaze gamosaxul obieqteb
sa da adamianebs:
4. Tqven mier Camowerili obieqtebis siidan,

romlebi warmoadgenen simboloebs?
5. Tqveni azriT, ras aRniSnavs TiToeuli sim

bolo?
6. dawereT yvela mniSvnelovani TariRi an

cifri, romlebic mocemulia karikaturaSi:
7. romeli sityvebi an frazebi geCvenebaT yve

laze mniSvnelovnad? ratom fiqrobT ase?
8. CamowereT zedsarTavi saxelebi, romlebic

Tqveni azriT, gamoxataven karikaturaSi gad
mocemul emociebs:
9. aRwere moqmedeba, romelic gadmocemulia

karikaturaze:
10. rogor gesmiT karikaturis arsi:
11. romeli socialuri jgufebisTvis iqne

boda misaRebi an miuRebeli karikaturis idea.
axseni, ratom?
38
geografiuli werilobiTi dokumentis/teqstis analizis samuSao
furceli
1. teqstis/dokumentis tipi:
• geografiuli teqsti • saerTaSoriso dokumenti • monografia
• oficialuri dokumenti • mxatvruli nawarmoebi • referati
• werili • memuaruli nawarmoebi • moxseneba
• internetgamocema • statia • sxva
2. teqstis/dokumentis fizikuri
(garegnuli) maxasiaTeblebi: • eleqtronuli versia
• nabeWdi • naxati
• xelnaweri • amotvifruli
3. teqstis/dokumentis Seqmnis dro:
4. teqstis/dokumentis avtori/avtorebi (Semoqmedi):
5. visTvis iyo gamiznuli es teqsti/dokumenti:
6. teqstis/dokumentis informacia: (pasuxebi SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxvagvari)

a) CamoTvaleT avtoris sami mosazreba, romlebsac mniSvnelovnad miiCnevT:
b) daasaxeleT dokumentis Seqmnis mizezi (moiyvaneT citata teqstidan/dokumentidan):
g) ramdenad sandod migaCniaT teqsti/dokumenti? pasuxi daasabuTeT:
d) dausviT avtors iseTi SekiTxva, romelic Tqveni azriT pasuxgaucemelia teqstis/doku

mentis mixedviT:
39
filmis analizis samuSao furceli
safexuri 1. filmis winaswari analizi saTauris gacnobis Semdeg
a) filmis saTauri _________________________________________________________________________
filmis reJisori _______________________________________________________________________
b) rogor fiqrobT, ras naxavT am filmSi? CamoTvaleT sami mosazreba an idea, romlebic
Tqven filmis saTaurisa da reJisoris gacnobisas dagebadaT. filmis saTauridan gamom
dinare, CamoTvaleT filmis ramdenime savaraudo gmiri an gamoTqviT varaudi, ra sakiT
xebis Sesaxeb iqneba filmi.
mosazreba / idea: filmis gmirebi/sakiTxi:

1. _________________________________________ 1. _________________________________________
2. _________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________
3. _________________________________________ 3. _________________________________________
safexuri 2. filmis analizi Cvenebis procesSi
a) filmis saxeoba (moniSneT swori pasuxi):

• animaciuri
• mxatvruli
• dokumenturi
• kinoqronika
• propagandistuli
• Teatraluri dadgmis Canaweri
• satreningo
• da sxva
b) filmis fizikuri maxasiaTeblebi (moniSneT swori pasuxi):

• musikaluri
• naratiuli
• specialuri efeqtebiT
• feradi
• Sav-TeTri
40
safexuri 3. filmis analizi Cvenebis Semdeg
a) CamoTvaleT is mosazrebebi da ideebi, romlebic filmis Cvenebis Semdeg daemTxva im

ideebs, romlebic saTauris gacnobis Semdeg, am filmis winaswari analizisas dagebadaT.
b) ra aris am filmis ZiriTadi idea?
g) ramdenad realisturia filmSi gadmocemuli ambavi? daasabuTeT.
d) daasaxeleT ori ram, rac mogviTxrobs im qveynis, movlenis, procesis Sesaxeb, romel
Sic viTardeba filmis siuJeti:
1. _______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
e) dausviT SekiTxva filmis Semqmnelebs, romelic filmSi pasuxgaucemelia.
41
5. specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone
moswavlis sagakveTilo procesSi CarTva
klasSi, specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlis swavlis SemTx

vevaSi, maswavleblis umTavres amocanas sagakveTilo procesSi yvela moswavlis Tanabari
CarTulobis uzrunvelyofa da TiToeuli moswavlisTvis dasaxuli miznis Sesabamisi
codnis gadacema warmoadgens. pedagogma es unda SeZlos, miuxedavad imisa, rom is gans
xvavebul moswavleebTan gansxvavebuli strategiebiT da gegmiT muSaobs.
magaliTad, dasaSvebia, rom maswavleblis mizani pirvelklaseli moswavleebisTvis
iyos dafidan martivi winadadebebis gadaweris unaris ganviTareba; maTi Tanaklaseli
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlisTvis dasaxul mizans ki war
moadgendes weris winmswrebi figurebis xatvis unaris ganviTareba. dauSvebelia, rom
maswavlebeli klasis moswavleebisTvis gegmavdes miznis Sesabamis aqtivobas – dafaze
werdes winadadebebs, moswavleebi mas iwerdnen rveulSi, specialuri saganmanaTleblo
saWiroebis mqone moswavle ki am dros uqmad ijdes da ar iyos CarTuli raime saxis
werilobiT aqtivobaSi. swori iqneba, Tuki paralelurad, maswavlebeli specialuri
saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavles geometriuli figurebis gaferadebas
an gadaxatvas daavalebs. metic, maswavlebeli SeiZleba mis gverdiTac darCes, sanam
sxva moswavleebi weren da specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavle
waaxalisos davalebis Sesrulebis procesSi.
maswavlebeli unda ecados, specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswav
lisTvis SerCeuli aqtivobebi ar iyos gakveTilis konteqstidan da sagakveTilo Temidan
amovardnili, miuxedavad imisa, rom SesaZlebelia sxva moswavleebis miznebisgan sru
liad gansxvavebul mizans emsaxurebodes. mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma yoveli
aqtivoba specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlis SesaZleblobebis
da dasaxuli miznebis gaTvaliswinebiT gansazRvros da ar daiviwyos mTavari principi –
miuxedavad gansxvavebuli miznebisa, man unda uzrunvelyos yvela Tavisi moswavlis
Tanabari CarTuloba sagakveTilo procesSi da aqtivobebSi.
idealuri iqneba, Tu maswavlebeli moaxerxebs, specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroe
bis mqone moswavlis SesaZleblobebisa da miznebis gaTvaliswinebas da Tavisi sagakveTi
lo procesis imgvarad dagegmvas, rom specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone
moswavle, zustad imave sagakveTilo aqtivobebSi iyos CarTuli da im xangrZlivobiT,
rogorc misi sxva Tanaklaselebi. magaliTad, Tu maswavleblis erTi konkretuli dRis
sagakveTilo ganrigi iTvaliswinebs moswavleTa zepir gamokiTxvas, maswavlebelma zepiri
gamokiTxvis procesSi specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlec unda
CarTos (oRond Sesabamisad SerCeuli meTodiT); Tu darCenili sagakveTilo procesi
saklaso weriT aqtivobas an savarjiSoebis Sesrulebas eTmoba, specialuri sagan
manaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlemac unda ganaxorcielos Sesabamisi aqtivoba,
Tumca SesaZlebelia, rom roca sxvebi weren, man xatos, rogorc es wina magaliTSi aris
gansazRvruli.
arsebuli realobidan gamomdinare, sagakveTilo procesis amgvarad dagegma yovelT
vis ar xerxdeba da xSirad gamarTlebulia specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis
mqone moswavlis zepiri gamokiTxva swored maSin ganxorcieldes, rodesac misi Tanak
laselebi weren. ase maswavlebeli ufro koncentrirdeba am moswavleze; an piriqiT,
gamarTlebulia moswavlem xatos maSin, rodesac sxvebis zepiri gamokiTxva xorcieldeba.
42
am SemTxvevaSi, mTavaria, rom maswavleblis mier SerCeuli strategia winaswar kargad
iyos mofiqrebuli da iTvaliswinebdes moswavlis SesaZleblobebs, klasis struqturas
da sagakveTilo process. mTavaria, rom maswavlebelma ar dauSvas specialuri sagan
manaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlis uqmad jdoma gakveTilze maSin, rodesac misi
Tanaklaselebi aqtiur monawileobas iReben.
calkeul SemTxvevebSi, aucilebeli xdeba, moswavlisTvis gakveTilze klasis aqtivo
bebisgan sruliad gansxvavebuli aqtivobebis SeTavazebac. mTavaria, TiToeul SemTx
vevaSi, moswavlisTvis saintereso aqtivobebi SeirCes da sxva moswavleebis mxridan
zedmeti interesis gamo, sagakveTilo procesis CaSla ar gamoiwvios. amgvari aqtivobebis
gamoyenebisas, gadamwyvetia, rom maswavlebelma moswavles es aqtivobebi davalebis
saxiT misces da Sesrulebis procesi gakveTilis msvlelobisas gaakontrolos.
individualuri saswavlo gegma
moswavlisTvis individualuri saswavlo gegmis Seqmnis aucileblobis Sesaxeb dgeba

sakiTxi, Tu moswavles: specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroeba aqvs da regularulad
saWiroebs gansxvavebul midgomebs swavlebisas da Sefasebisas. ar aReniSneba specialuri
saganmanaTleblo saWiroeba, Tumca, garkveuli mizezebis gamo (xangrZlivi avadmyo
foba), garkveuli droiT saWiroebs specialur saswavlo programas.
individualuri saswavlo gegma specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone
moswavlis saganmanaTleblo da saskolo aqtivobebSi CarTvis SesaZleblobaa. indi
vidualuri saswavlo gegma iZleva saSualebas, moswavleze orientirebulad daigeg
mos drois is yoveli monakveTi, romelsac moswavle saskolo sivrceSi gaatarebs an
dauTmobs saswavlo saqmianobas skolasa Tu saxlSi. individualuri saswavlo gegma
aris saxelmZRvanelo dokumenti, raTa moswavle meqanikurad ar daeswros gakveTilebs,
rac ase xSirad xdeboda am ukanasknel wlebSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom individualuri saswavlo gegma xels uwyobs moswavlis CarTulobas
ara mxolod saklaso da akademiur saqmianobaSi, aramed aq moiazreba yvela araakade
miuri saqmianoba, romlis ganxorcielebac moswavles uwevs skolaSi da rac aranakleb
mniSvnelovania.
individualuri saswavlo gegma, es aris dokumenti, sadac gansazRvrulia individu
aluri saswavlo miznebi moswavlis individualuri saWiroebebis, misi Zlieri da susti
mxareebis gaTvaliswinebiT. individualur saswavlo gegmaSi gansazRvruli saswavlo
miznebi SesaZlebelia gansxvavdebodes moswavlis safexuris Sesabamisi saswavlo pro
gramis miznebisgan. Sesabamisad, individualur saswavlo gegmaSi dasaxuli saswavlo
miznebis ganxorcieleba swavlebis specifikuri strategiebisa da procesis gansaz
Rvras gulisxmobs.
mniSvnelovania, es procesi zogadsaganmanaTleblo saswavlo procesisagan mowyveti
lad da sxva moswavleebisgan izolirebulad (mxolod resursoTaxSi) ar mimdinareobdes.
piriqiT, individualurma gegmam ufro metad unda Seuwyos xeli moswavlis sociali
zaciasa da integracias klasSi.
individualuri saswavlo gegma exmareba pedagogs, gaakontrolos moswavlis miR
wevebi da warmoadgens moswavlis Sesaxeb informaciis sxvadasxva pirs Soris gazia
rebis saSualebas. individualuri saswavlo gegma ganaxldeba regularulad, winaswar
daTqmul vadebSi da masSi aRiwereba is cvlilebebi, romlebic aucilebelia moswavlis
efeqturi ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofisTvis. saswavlo gegma moswavlis Sefasebis Sede
gebis da misi saswavlo miRwevebis safuZvelze ganaxldeba.
individualuri saswavlo gegma asaxavs moswavlis pedagogTa, skolis administra
ciis, mSoblis da Tavad moswavlis SeTanxmebas specialuri saswavlo programis Taobaze
43
da servisze, romlis uzrunvelyofa SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli skolis farglebSi da
arsebuli resursebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
maSasadame, individualuri saswavlo gegma aris saxelmZRvanelo, romelSic asaxuli
da dasabuTebulia konkretuli moswavlisTvis saWiro mxardaWera, romelsac masTan
momuSave yvela maswavlebeli Tu profesionali unda iziarebdes da misdevdes. es
ar aris xisti dokumenti, aramed es aris samuSao dokumenti, romelic regularul
cvlilebebs moiTxovs. drois garkveul monakveTSi igi aucileblad unda gadaixedos/
gadafasdes, moswavlis SesaZleblobebisa da miRwevebis Sesabamisad da ganisazRvros
saWiro cvlilebebi.
individualuri saswavlo gegmis nimuSi
sagani: geografia
maswavlebeli: ---------------
grZelvadiani mizani/ebi (mocemul grafaSi iwereba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sesa
bamisi mizani bavSvis SesaZleblobebisa da klasis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelsac bavSvma
wlis bolos unda miaRwios)
geografiuli movlenebis amocnoba da martivi procesebis aRwera;

gamosakvlevi sakiTxis Sesaxeb kiTxvebis dasma.
moklevadiani mizani/miznebi TariRi

1. geografiuli movlenebis cnoba/daxasiaTeba 30.12.2019
2. amindis elementebis cnoba/daxasiaTeba 15.02.2019
masalis
sad aqtivobis
momzadebaze
sruldeba ganxorci
pasuxismgebeli
miznis Sesabamisi aqtivoba elebaze
masala piri (mSobeli,
aqtivobebi (klasi, pasuxis
pedagogi,
resurs- mgebeli
skolis fsiqo
oTaxi) piri
logi da sxva.)
1 suraTebidan maswavleblis mier sxvadasxva geogra klasi pedagogi pedagogi
dasaxelebuli geografiuli fiuli movlenis
movlenis Sesabamisi suraTis amsaxveli fotoebi
gamorCeva
2 geografiuli movlenis sxvadasxva geogra klasi mSobeli pedagogi
Sesabamisi suraTis aRwera fiuli movlenis
amsaxveli fotoebi
3 geografiuli movlenis garSemo klasi pedagogi pedagogi
dasmul martiv SekiTxvaze erT
sityviani pasuxis gacema
individualuri saswavlo gegma – gamartivebuli forma

skola ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
klasi –––––––––––
moswavle –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
dabadebis TariRi –––––––––––––––––––––––––––
asaki –––––––––––
mSobeli/meurve ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
misamarTi/telefoni –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Sexvedris TariRi –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
individualuri saswavlo gegma –––––––––––––gan –––––––––––––mde
44
individualuri saswavlo gegma gadaixedeba ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Sexvedris tipi (SemoxazeT)
sawyisi gadafaseba saWiroebisamebr dagegmili Sefaseba wliuri Sefaseba

monawileebi:
pedagogi ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
fsiqologi ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
spec. ganaTlebis pedagogi ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
logopedi –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
mSobeli/meurve –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
individualuri
saswavlo gegmis damxmare kiTxvebi Sefaseba
komponentebi
Zlieri mxareebi ris gakeTeba SeuZlia moswavles?
ra ainteresebs?
ra moswons?
raSia moswavle yvelaze warmatebuli?
(aRwereT dawvrilebiT da zustad)
problemuri ra problemebi uCndeba moswavles yvelaze xSirad?
sferoebi rodis iCenen problemebi Tavs?
mizezebi Tqveni azriT, ra iwvevs problemebs swavlis procesSi?
saWiroebebi ra sWirdeba moswavles imisaTvis, rom ukeT gamoavlinos sakuTari
SesaZleblobebi?
ra SeiZleba gakeTdes imisaTvis, rom moswavlem ukeTesad igrZnos Tavi
skolaSi, TanaklaselebTan da maswavleblebTan?
wliuri mizani ris miRweva gvinda saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi?
/gaiwereba cal-calke mizani yvela im sagnisa da saswavlo aqtivobis
Tvis, sadac moswavles problema aqvs/
moklevadiani miz ris miRweva gvinda sawyis, meorad da Semdgom etapze wliuri miznis mis
nebi aRwevad?
/gaiwereba cal-calke mizani yvela im sagnisa da saswavlo aqtivobisaT
vis, sadac moswavles problema aqvs/
praqtikuli ra damatebiTi masala SegviZlia gamoviyenoT?
sakiTxebi ra meTodi avirCioT swavlebisaTvis?
rogor movargoT garemo bavSvis saWiroebebs?
rogor gavzardoT swavlis motivacia?
pasuxismgebeli vin aris pasuxismgebeli individualuri saswavlo gegmis ganxorciel
pirebi ebaze?
ra konkretuli movaleobebi ekisreba gundis wevrebs? (pedagogi, mSo
beli, fsiqologi da sxv.)
individualuri saswavlo gegmis monitoringi1
vin axorcielebs monitorings ..............................................................
dasaxuli
orSabaTi samSabaTi oTxSabaTi xuTSabaTi paraskevi
aqtivobebi
45
6. Tematuri matricebi
rogorc moswavlis, ise maswavleblis wignSi, Cven gTavazobT TiTqmis yvela sakiTxis
kompleqsur davalebas, Tumca maswavlebeli Tavad gadawyvets, romel maTgans axorcie
lebs klasis saWiroebidan da moswavleTa interesebidan gamomdinare. aseve gTavazobT
rekomendacias, Tu rogor da ra TanmimdevrobiT unda damuSavdes kompleqsuri dava
leba. Tematur matricebSi konkretuli kompleqsuri davaleba ukve warmodgenilia
damuSavebis etapebis mixedviT.
kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi (aqtivobebi, resursebi):
etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba
kompleqsuri davalebis prezentacia)
sakvanZo SekiTxva: ras gulisxmobs Sesaswavli sakiTxi? ra SemoqmedebiTi produqtis
saSualebiT unda davadasturo, ra viswavle am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT?
1. gavacnob kompleqsuri davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas gavumaxvileb, konkretu
lad ra produqti unda Seqmnas kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad;
2. avuxsni, ra unda warmoaCinon maT mier momzadebul posterSi. yuradRebas gava
maxvileb, rom es Sefasebis kriteriumebia;
3. gavacnob, ras niSnavs, warmoaCinon geografiuli kvlevis etapebi davalebaze
muSaobis dros da avuxsni, ras gulisxmobs geografiuli kvleva;
4. vTxov, dafiqrdnen, davalebis pirobasa da kriteriumebidan gamomdinare, Tu aqvT
kiTxvebi, an Tu aris raime maTTvis bundovani da kidev erTxel mivcem miTiTebebs.
etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSire

buli mkvidri warmodgenebis damuSaveba.
sakvanZo SekiTxvebi: rogor Sevasrulo mocemuli davaleba?
aqtivoba 1. iwereba konkretuli aqtivoba. mag.: videofilmis naxva da ganxilva da sxv.
aqtivoba 2. iwereba konkretuli aqtivoba. mag.: teqstis an Tematuri rukebis analizi,
mizezSedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgena da sxv.
aqtivoba 3. iwereba konkretuli aqtivoba. mag.: kompleqsur davalebaSi mocemuli
konkretuli produqtis, magaliTad, posteris Seqmna.
aqtivoba 4. iwereba konkretuli aqtivoba. mag.: kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia.
sakvanZo SekiTxva: rogor unda warmovadgino kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sede
gebi ise, rom es msmenelebisTvis saintereso da gasagebi iyos?
moswavleebi warmoadgenen momzadebul produqts, aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im
etapebs, romlebic gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis dros, ra daskvnebi gamoi
tanes, ra problemebsa da sirTuleebs waawydnen, rasac momaval kompleqsur davalebaze
muSaobisas gaiTvaliswineben.
46
Tema: saqarTvelo (bunebrivi da sazogadoebrivi sistemebi) saaTebis savaraudo raodenoba: 11 (+4) sT
Temis farglebSi dasamuSavebeli sakiTxebi:

• kavkasioni (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli garsi; geografiuli mov
lena, geografiuli procesi);
• mTa mtirala (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli garsi; mosaxleoba da
meurneoba);
• md. reprua (umoklesi mdinare msoflioSi) (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografi
uli movlena, geografiuli procesi);
• endemuri da reliqturi flora da fauna (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiu
li movlena, geografiuli procesi; mdgradi ganviTareba);
• turistul-rekreaciuli resursi (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli mov
lena, geografiuli procesi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba; mdgradi ganviTareba);
• iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piri (devnili) (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografi
uli movlena, geografiuli procesi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba);
• adamianuri (humanuri) ganviTarebis indeqsi saqarTveloSi (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da ana
lizi; geografiuli movlena, geografiuli procesi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba; mdgradi ganviTareba).
TemasTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri warmodgenebi: TemasTan dakavSirebuli sakvanZo SekiTxvebi:

• saqarTvelo seismurad aqtiur zolSi mdebare • ratom mdebareobs saqarTvelo seismurad aqtiur
obs; zolSi?
• saqarTvelos naxevarze meti mTebs ukavia; Sxara • ratom Warbobs saqarTvelos reliefSi mTebi?
saqarTvelos umaRlesi mwvervalia; • ra rols asrulebs saqarTvelos mdebareoba
• saqarTvelo evropisa da aziis gzaSesayarze mde evropa-aziis gzaSesayarze?
bareobs; • romeli sasargeblo wiaRiseuliTaa mdidari
• saqarTvelo gamoirCeva sasargeblo wiaRiseulis saqarTvelo?
mravalferovnebiTa da mcire maragiT; • ratom gansxvavdeba klimati saqarTvelos sxva
• saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regioni gansxvavebuli dasxva regionSi?
klimatiT xasiaTdeba; • ra ganapirobebs saqarTvelos biomravalferov
• saqarTvelo biomravalferovnebis TvalsazrisiT nebas?
evropaSi pirvel adgilzea; • ratom cxovrobs mTaSi mosaxleobis mcire nawi
• mTaSi saqarTvelos mosaxleobis mxolod mcire li?
nawili cxovrobs; • ratomaa saqarTveloSi bevri devnili?
• saqarTveloSi bevri devnilia; • ra rols asrulebs soflis meurneoba saqarTve
• soflis meurneoba saqarTvelos ekonomikis mniS los ekonomikaSi?
vnelovani dargia; • ratom aris xSiri stiqiuri bunebrivi procesebi
• saqarTveloSi xSiria stiqiuri bunebrivi pro saqarTveloSi?
cesebi. • ris gageba SemiZlia saqarTvelos Sesaxeb rukis
gamoyenebiT?
• rogor gamoviyeno informaciis sxvadasxva wyaro
saqarTvelos Sesaswavlad?
• rogor gamoviyeno cxrilebi, grafikebi da diag
ramebi dakvirvebis Sedegebis warmosaCenad?
47
samizne cnebebi da sakiTxi da qvecnebebi sakvanZo SekiTxva / kompleqsuri davalebebi
maTTan dakavSirebuli SekiTxvebi
mkvidri warmodgenebi
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: kavkasioni • ratom miiCneva davalebis piroba:
analizi qvecnebebi: uReltexili, saqarTvelo seismu warmoidgine, rom
• geografiuli kvleva mwvervali. rad aqtiur zonad? alpinisturi klubis
bunebrivi da sazoga wevri xar da skolis
doebrivi movlenebisa kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi moswavleebi saswavlo
da procesebis dak (aqtivobebi, resursebi): alpiniadis farglebSi
virvebas, gaanali kavkasionis romelime
zebasa da Seswavlas etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra mwvervalze unda waiyva
gulisxmobs; sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri no (mwvervali jgufis
• geografiuli kvle davalebis prezentacia) saWiroebidan gamomdin
visTvis monace maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri are SearCie). Seni mizania,
mebis mopoveba davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom kom Seadgino mogzaurobis
SesaZlebelia sxva pleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda Seqmnan marSruti da alpiniadis
dasxva movlenaze mogzaurobis marSruti, romelSic unda warmoaCinon monawileebs aCveno, Tu
uSualo dakvirvebiT, kavkasionis CamoyalibebaSi monawile endogenuri rogor icvleba landSaf
sxvadasxva rukisa da da egzogenuri Zalebis moqmedebis Sedegebi; sima ti simaRlis matebasTan
informaciis wyaros Rlebrivi sartylurobis kanonzomiereba kavkasi erTad.
(cxrili, sqema, dia onze da kavkasionis roli saqarTvelos bunebrivi
grama, grafiki, foto) pirobebis CamoyalibebaSi; marSrutis Sedgenisas
gamoyenebiT; maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac xazgasmiT warmoaCine:
• geografiuli kvlevis marSrutSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kriteriume • kavkasionis
Sedegebi sxvadasxva bia; CamoyalibebaSi
formiT SeiZleba aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli geo monawile endogenuri
gamoisaxos (ruka, grafiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davalebaze da egzogenuri Zalebis
cxrili, grafiki, muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geografi moqmedebis Sedegebi;
diagrama, foto); uli kvleva; • simaRlebrivi sarty
• geografiuli kvlevas maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen lurobis kanonzomie
xSirad praqtikuli davalebis pirobasa da kriteriumebidan gamomdin reba kavkasionze;
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi are, Tu aqvT kiTxvebi, an Tu aris raime maTTvis bun • kavkasionis roli
saSualebiT SeiZleba dovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas. saqarTvelos buneb
sxvadasxva movle rivi pirobebis
nisa da procesis etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne CamoyalibebaSi;
Sedegebis prognozi cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- gaasityve Seni kvlevis
reba. modgenebis damuSaveba Sedegi.
geografiuli garsi aqtivobebi:

• geografiuli garsi
Sedgeba geosferoebi N1.
sagan (liTosfero, moswavleebi aanalizeben saqarTvelos fizi
atmosfero, hidro kur da orografiuli rukebs (rukebi ix. sax
sfero, biosfero), elmZRvaneloSi) da adgenen kavkasionis mTavar
romelsac axasiaTebs orografiul erTeulebs: qedebs, mwvervalebsa
mTeli rigi kanonzo da uReltexilebs. aseve rukebisa da mocemuli
mierebebi; cxrilis (ix. cxrili resursebSi) gamoyenebiT
• adamianebis wyalobiT SearCeven erT romelime mwvervals, sadac apireben
yalibdeba noosfero „alpiniadis dagegmvas“ da adgenen am mwvervalis
(gonis sfero), rome adgilmdebareobas, aseve sxva mniSvnelovan monace
lic zemoqmedebs sxva mebs. moswavleebi, kriteriumidan gamomdinare,
geosferoebze. CainiSnaven maTTvis mniSvnelovan informacias.
48
geografiuli movlena, N2.
geografiuli procesi moswavleebi gaaanalizeben kavkasionis
• yvela geografiul mwvervalebisa da reliefis formebis amsaxvel
processa da movlenas fotoebs (ix. fotoebi resursebSi) da maTi dax
sakuTari mizezi da marebiT msjeloben da gansazRvraven kavkasionis
Sedegi aqvs da gansxva formirebaSi monawile Zalebsa da reliefis ZiriTad
vebuli xangrZlivo formebs. adgenen TiToeuli reliefwarmomqmneli
biT mimdinareobs; faqtoris rols. gaanalizebul informacias mis
• geografiuli movle cemen Sesaqmnel statiaSi Sesatan formas; Semdeg
nebisa da procesebis ecnobian statias `kavkasioni~ ( statiis bmuli ix.
Sedegad yalibdeba da resursebSi) da gaanalizebul informacias miscemen
gardaiqmneba dedami Sesaqmnel marSrutSi Sesatan formas.
wis geografiuli
garsi. N3.
SerCeuli mwvervalidan gamomdinare da teqstSi
mocemul informaciaze dayrdnobiT, moswavleebi
gansazRvraven alpiniadaze wasaRebi nivTebis sias,
mgzavrobis dros, topografiul rukaze aRniSnaven
marSruts da gasavlel yvela geografiul obieqts.
aseve ganixilaven sqemas „simaRlebrivi sartylu
roba kavkasiis mTebSi“ (ix. sqema resursebSi) da
iniSnaven SerCeuli mwvervalis simaRlidan da geo
grafiuli mdebareobidan gamomdinare, Tu romeli
sartylebis gavla mouwevT.
N4.
moswavleebi mopovebuli informaciis daxmare
biT qmnian turistul marSruts vebgverdze –
https://www.about.ge/, romelic maT turistuli
marSrutis SeqmnaSi daexmareba.
N5. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia

moswavleebi warmoadgenen Sedgenil marSruts,
aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs, romlebic
gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis dros, ra
daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra problemebsa da sirTu
leebs waawydnen, romlebsac momaval kompleqsur
davalebaze muSaobisas gaiTvaliswineben.
resursebi:
moiare saqarTvelo da gaxdi mogzauri sakuTar

qveyanaSi
https://www.about.ge/
kavkasioni
https://geofauna.ge/index.php?page=geo_nature_single&id=76
damatebiTi informacia:
kavkasionis umaRlesi mwvervalebi:
cxrilSi mocemulia kavkasionis 21 mwvervali,
romelTagan 8 mwvervali 5000 m-ze maRalia, xolo
danarCeni 13-is simaRle zRvis donidan 4600 m-ze
maRalia. yvelaze maRali mwvervalebi ruseTisa da
saqarTvelos an ruseT-saqarTvelos sazRvarze mde
bareoben. stratovulkani ialbuzi (5642 m) warmoad
gens kavkasionisa da evropis kontinentis umaRles
49
wertils. igi zustad 834 m-iT maRalia alpebisa da
mTlianad dasavleTi evropis umaRles mwverval –
monblanze (4808 m). saqarTvelos umaRlesi mwver
vali – Sxara (5201 m) aRmarTulia bezengis kedelze.
mwvervali simaR- Sefar- qveyana

le (m) debiTi
(m)
ialbuzi 5642 4741 ruseTi
dixTau 5205 2002 ruseTi
Sxara 5201 1365 saqarTvelo/ruseTi
yoSTanTau 5152 822 ruseTi
janRa 5085 300 saqarTvelo/ruseTi
myinvarwveri 5054 2353 saqarTvelo/ruseTi
puSkinis piki 5033 110 saqarTvelo/ruseTi
miJirgi 5025 10 ruseTi
kaTinTau 4979 240 saqarTvelo/ruseTi
yuyurTli-yolbaSi 4978 18 ruseTi
TeTnuldi 4869 672 saqarTvelo
SoTa rusTavelis mwvervali 4860 124 saqarTvelo/ruseTi
gistola 4860 320 saqarTvelo/ruseTi
jimara 4780 840 saqarTvelo/ruseTi
uSba 4710 1143 saqarTvelo
aleqsandre jafariZis mwvervali 4700 saqarTvelo
dumala-Tau 4682 332 ruseTi
uluauzi 4681 291 ruseTi
uilfaTa 4649 1300 ruseTi
Sauxoxi 4636 452 ruseTi
tixtengeni 4618 804 saqarTvelo/ruseTi
kavkasionis mwvervalebis fotoebi:
Sxara myinvarwveri
TeTnuldi uSba
50
gistola tebulos mTa
maRalmTiani reliefi – myinvarwveri da mimdebare areali
kavkasionis glacialuri reliefi
simaRlebrivi sartyluroba kavkasiis mTebSi
5000
Tovlisa da myinvarebis sartyeli

4000
alpuri sartyeli
subalpuri sartyeli
3000
tyis sartyeli
tyestepis sartyeli
2000 naZvi
muxa
1000 wifeli
wabli
0
simaRlebrivi sartyluroba kavkasionis mTEebSi
51
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: „mTa mtirala“. • ratom modis yvelaze davalebis piroba:
analizi qvecnebebi: naleqebis meti naleqi mTa mti warmoidgine, rom
• geografiuli kvleva raodenoba, klimaturi ralaze? zafxulis ardadegebi
bunebrivi da sazoga barierebi • ratom aris gansxvave aWaraSi gaatare da ram
doebrivi movlenebisa buli klimati saqarT denimedRiani laSqroba
da procesebis dak velos sxvadasxva moawyve mtiralas
virvebas, gaanali regionSi? erovnul parkSi. geog
zebasa da Seswavlas rafiis maswavleblis
gulisxmobs; kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi TxovniT, mogzaurobis
• geografiuli kvle (aqtivobebi, resursebi): STabeWdilebebis dRiurs
visTvis monace awarmoebdi, romel
mebis mopoveba etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra Sic aRwere mtiralas
SesaZlebelia sxva sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri erovnuli parkis Rirs
dasxva movlenaze davalebis prezentacia) SesaniSnaobebi da urCie
uSualo dakvirvebiT, maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri megobrebs misi monaxu
sxvadasxva rukisa da davalebis arss (ra sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT leba. dRiuri Sen mier
informaciis wyaros moxdeba kompleqsuri davalebis prezentacia) laSqrobisas gadaRebuli
(cxrili, sqema, diag da kompleqsuri davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas fotoebiT gaaforme.
rama, grafiki, foto) umaxvilebs, rom kompleqsur davalebaze muSao
gamoyenebiT; bis Sedegad maT unda Seqmnan mogzaurobis mogzaurobis
• geografiuli kvlevis STabeWdilebebis dRiuri, romelSic unda warmoaCi STabeWdilebebis dRiur-
Sedegebi sxvadasxva non mtiralas erovnuli parkis biomravalferovne Si xazgasmiT warmoaCine:
formiT SeiZleba bis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi da mniSvneloba qvey • mtiralas erovnuli
gamoisaxos (ruka, nis ekonomikaSi. parkis Seqmnis geo
cxrili, grafiki, maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac grafiuli winapirobe
diagrama, foto); dRiurSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kriteriume bi;
• geografiuli kvlevas bia; • mtiralas erovnuli
xSirad praqtikuli aseve ganumartavs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli parkis mravalferov
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi geografiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davale nebis ganmsazRvreli
saSualebiT SeiZleba baze muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geog faqtorebi;
sxvadasxva movle rafiuli kvleva; • mtiralas erovnuli
nisa da procesis maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen, parkis mniSvneloba
Sedegebis progno davalebis pirobasa da kriteriumebidan gamomdina saqarTvelosa da
zireba). re Tu aqvT kiTxvebi, an Tu aris raime maTTvis bun regionis ekonomi
dovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas. kisTvis;
geografiuli garsi gaasityve Seni kvleva.
• geografiuli garsi etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne gaacani Seni
Sedgeba geosferoebi cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- STabeWdilebebis dRiuri
sagan (liTosfero, modgenebis damuSaveba megobrebs.
atmosfero, hidros
fero, biosfero), aqtivobebi:
romelsac axasiaTebs
mTeli rigi kanonzo N1.
mierebebi; maswavlebeli warudgens videos mtiralas
• adamianebis wyalobiT erovnuli parkis Sesaxeb, sadac Cans parkis mraval
yalibdeba noosfero ferovneba, CainiSnaven maTTvis mniSvnelovan infor
(gonis sfero), rome macias, kriteriumidan gamomdinare.
lic zemoqmedebs sxva
geosferoebze. N2.
moswavleebi gaaanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi
mocemul teqstsa da rukebs da daadgenen mtiralas
erovnuli parkis geografiul mdebareobasa da saxe
lis geneziss. aseve gaaanalizeben Tematur rukebs
52
mosaxleoba da meurneoba da maTi daxmarebiT imsjeleben, Tu ra gavlenas
• bunebrivi garemo gav axdens mTa mtirala erovnuli parkis mikroklimatsa
lenas axdens mosax da biomravalferovnebis Camoyalibebaze; daadgenen,
leobasa da meur ra rols TamaSobs Caqvis qedi mTa mtiralas ara mar
neobaze. sxvadasxva to saqarTveloSi, aramed mTel evropaSi, yvelaze
qveyanaSi meurneobis „svel“ adgilad formirebis procesSi.
esa Tu is dargia wam
yvani, rac Sromis geo N3.
grafiul danawilebas teqstsa da resursebSi mocemuli informaci
ganapirobebs; is gacnobisa da analizis Sedegad, moswavleebi
• mosaxleobisa da SearCeven fotoebsa da teqsts mtiralas erovnuli
meurneobis struqtu parkis mravalferovnebis dasadastureblad.
ra, ganawileba da daadgenen aq gavrcelebul endemur da reliqtur
ganlageba cvalebadia saxeobebs. yuradRebas gaamaxvileben saqarTvelos
drosa da sivrceSi; „wiTel nusxaSi“ Setanil saxeobebze.
• saxelmwifo gavle
nas axdens qveyanaSi N4.
mimdinare socialur- resursebSi mocemuli informaciisa da Tematuri
ekonomikur pro rukebis daxmarebiT moswavleebi gaecnobian
cesebze, rac mis mtiralas erovnul parkSi arsebul turistul
ganviTarebis doneze marSrutebsa da bilikebs. isini Seqmnian mogzau
aisaxeba. robis STabeWdilebebis dRiurs da moemzadebian
wardgenisTvis.

moswavleebi warmoadgenen Seqmnil dRiurs, aseve
gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs, romlebic gamoi
yenes kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis dros, isaub
reben ra daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra problemebsa da
sirTuleebs waawydnen, romlebsac momaval kompleq
sur davalebaze muSaobisas gaiTvaliswineben.
resursebi:
civwyaros biliki
53
mtiralas erovnuli parki
https://nationalparks.ge/ka/site/mtiralanp/recommendInner/8
https://www.facebook.com/MtiralaNationalPark/photos/?tab=albums
https://nationalparks.ge/ka/site/mtiralanp/tripsInner/44
saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne, teqnikuri
reglamentis – mtiralas erovnuli parkis menejmen
tis gegmis damtkicebis Taobaze
https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/2938617?publication=0
monadireTa klubi „legioni“
https://legion.ge/topic/431-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A2%E1%8
3%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90-
%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90/
54
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: mdinare reprua • ratom miiCneven davalebis piroba:
analizi (yvelaze mokle mdinare repruas msoflios warmoidgine, rom
• geografiuli kvleva msoflioSi). yvelaze mokle mdina saqarTvelos erovnuli
bunebrivi da sazoga qvecnebebi: hidrografi red? hidrologiuri komisiis
doebrivi movlenebisa uli maxasiaTeblebi wevri xar. Seni mizania,
da procesebis dak msoflios hidrologiur
virvebas, gaanali kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi akademias warudgino
zebasa da Seswavlas (aqtivobebi, resursebi): mtkicebuleba, rom msof
gulisxmobs; lioSi yvelaze mokle
• geografiuli kvle etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra mdinare repruaa. amis
visTvis monace sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri dasamtkiceblad gamoi
mebis mopoveba davalebis prezentacia) yene vebresursi, National
SesaZlebelia sxva maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri Geographic-is programa
dasxva movlenaze davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom https://mapmaker.national-
uSualo dakvirvebiT, kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad maT unda geographic.org da Seqmeni
sxvadasxva rukisa da Seqmnan ruka, romelSic unda warmoaCinon „msofli msoflios umoklesi mdi
informaciis wyaros os umoklesi mdinareebis aTeulSi“ Semavali mdina nareebis aTeulis ruka-
(cxrili, sqema, dia reebi da argumentirebulad daasabuTon, rom mdina katalogi.
grama, grafiki, foto) re reprua yvelaze mokle mdinarea dedamiwaze.
gamoyenebiT; maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac ruka-katalogSi xazgas-
• geografiuli kvlevis katalogSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kriteriu miT warmoaCine:
Sedegebi sxvadasxva mebia; aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli geo • „msoflios umoklesi
formiT SeiZleba grafiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davalebaze mdinareebis aTeulSi“
gamoisaxos (ruka, muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geog Semavali mdinareebis
cxrili, grafiki, rafiuli kvleva; maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, SesarCevi kriteriume
diagrama, foto); dafiqrdnen, davalebis pirobasa da kriteriume bi;
• geografiuli kvlevas bidan gamomdinare Tu gauCndaT kiTxvebi, an Tu aris • garemo faqtore
xSirad praqtikuli raime maTTvis bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems bis roli mdina
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi mimarTulebas. ris parametrebis
saSualebiT SeiZleba CamoyalibebaSi.
sxvadasxva movle etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne
nisa da procesis cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war-
Sedegebis progno modgenebis damuSaveba
zireba).
aqtivobebi:
geografiuli garsi
• geografiuli garsi N1.
Sedgeba geosferoebi maswavlebeli warudgens moswavleebs videos
sagan (liTosfero, kruberis mRvimeze (ix. resusursi), sadac Cans,
atmosfero, hidros rogor yalibdeba mdinare reprua. filmis mimdina
fero, biosfero), reobisas moswavleebi iniSnaven kriteriumebis
romelsac axasiaTebs SEesabamisad maTTvis saintereso informacias.
mTeli rigi kanonzo
mierebebi; N2.
• adamianebis wyalobiT saxelmZRvanelosa da resursebSi mocemuli
yalibdeba noosfero informaciis analizis Sedegad moswavleebi
(gonis sfero), rome CamoTvlian mdinaris hidrografiul maxasiaTeb
lic zemoqmedebs sxva lebs, ris safuZvelzec SearCeven mdinaris „paspor
geosferoebze. tSi“ Sesatan parametrebs. axsnian SesarCevi krite
riumebis marTebulobas.
55
mosaxleoba da meurneoba N3.
• bunebrivi garemo gav resursebSi mocemul informaciasa da mdinaris
lenas axdens mosax hidrografiul parametrebze dayrdnobiT moswav
leobasa da meur leebi SearCeven msoflioSi yvelaze patara 10 mdina
neobaze. sxvadasxva res da Seqmnian TiToeul maTganis „pasports“.
qveyanaSi meurneobis
esa Tu is dargia wamy N4.
vani, rac Sromis geo SerCeul umokles mdinareebs aRniSnaven
grafiul danawilebas veberesurs National Geographic-is programa https://map-
ganapirobebs; maker.nationalgeographic.org-Si. Semdeg TiToeul maTgans
• mosaxleobisa da danarTis saxiT daurTaven „pasports“.
meurneobis struqtu
ra, ganawileba da N5. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia
ganlageba cvalebadia moswavleebi warmoadgenen Seqmnil rukas, imsjele
drosa da sivrceSi; ben mdinareTa hidrologiur maxasiaTeblebze da
• saxelmwifo gavle maT SesaZlo cvlilebebze. aseve gagviziareben
nas axdens qveyanaSi kvlevis im etapebs, romlebic gaiares kompleqsur
mimdinare socialur- davalebaze muSaobis dros, ra daskvnebi gamoi
ekonomikur pro tanes, ra problemebsa da sirTuleebs gadaawydnen,
cesebze, rac mis romlebsac momaval kompleqsur davalebaze muSao
ganviTarebis doneze bisas gaiTvaliswineben.
aisaxeba.
resursebi:
videofilmi „ganZi, romelzec bevrma araferi icis:

msoflios yvelaze Rrma gamoqvabuli saqarTvelo
Sia!“
https://www.palitravideo.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=
article&id=55000&catid=18&Itemid=27&fullComments=1
msoflios yvelaze patara mdinareebi: azia da
evropa
https://top10posts.wordpress.com/2016/02/10/%e1%83%9b%e1%
83%a1%e1%83%9d%e1%83%a4%e1%83%9a%e1%83%98%
e1%83%9d%e1%83%a1-%e1%83%a7%e1%83%95%e1%83%94
%e1%83%9a%e1%83%90%e1%83%96%e1%83%94-%e1%83
%9e%e1%83%90%e1%83%a2%e1%83%90%e1%83%a0
%e1%83%90/
msoflios umoklesi mdinareebi
https://www.amusingplanet.com/2020/04/the-shortest-rivers-in-
world.html
msoflioSi yvelaze patara mdinare saqarTveloSia
https://www.doctrina.ge/msophlioshi-qhvelaze-patara/
56
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: endemuri da • ra ganapirobebs davalebis piroba:
analizi reliqturi flora da saqarTvelos mcire warmoidgine, rom
• geografiuli kvleva fauna. teritoriaze buneb bunebis dacvis saer
bunebrivi da sazoga qvecnebebi: biomraval rivi pirobebis mra TaSoriso organi
doebrivi movlenebisa ferovneba, wiTeli nusxa. valferovnebas? zaciis wevri xar. Seni
da procesebis dak • ra garemosdacviTi mizania, gadaSenebis
virvebas, gaanali problemebia saqarT piras myofi saxeobebis
zebasa da Seswavlas veloSi da rogor SenarCunebisTvis Seqmna
gulisxmobs; Wrian maT? sruliad axali doku
• geografiuli kvle menti. gaecani saqarT
visTvis monace kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi velos „wiTel wignsa“
mebis mopoveba (aqtivobebi, resursebi): da saqarTvelos „wiTel
SesaZlebelia sxva nusxaSi“ mocemul infor
dasxva movlenaze etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra macias saqarTvelos
uSualo dakvirvebiT, sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri iSviaT an gadaSenebis
sxvadasxva rukisa da davalebis prezentacia) piras myof mcenareTa
informaciis wyaros maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri da cxovelTa saxeobebis
(cxrili, sqema, diag davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom Sesaxeb, romlebic amave
rama, grafiki, foto) maT kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda dros warmoadgenen ende
gamoyenebiT; Seqmnan saqarTvelos „mwvane wigni“. mebsa da reliqtebs da
• geografiuli kvlevis moswavleebma maT mier Sedgenil „mwvane wignSi“ Seadgine saqarTvelos
Sedegebi sxvadasxva unda warmoaCinon am wignis Seqmnis aucilebloba, „mwvane wigni“.
formiT SeiZleba am dokumentis mniSvneloba gadaSenebis piras myofi
gamoisaxos (ruka, saxeobebis SenarCunebis saqmeSi da gansazRvron „mwvane wignSi“ xazgasmiT
cxrili, grafiki, adamianis roli am saxeobebis gadarCenaSi. amasTan, warmoaCine:
diagrama, foto); maswavlebeli aRniSnavs, rom es sakiTxebi Sefasebis • argumentebiT gam
• geografiuli kvlevas kriteriumebia. yarebuli „mwvane
xSirad praqtikuli maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs, Tu ras niSnavs wignis“ Seqmnis auci
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi warmoaCinon geografiuli kvlevis etapebi davale lebloba;
saSualebiT SeiZleba baze muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs • unificirebuli doku
sxvadasxva movle geografiuli kvleva; igi sTxovs maT, dafiqrdnen mentis mniSvneloba
nisa da procesis davalebis pirobasa da kriteriumebidan gamomdina gadaSenebis piras
Sedegebis progno re Tu aqvT kiTxvebi, an Tu aris raime maTTvis bun myofi saxeobebis
zireba). dovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas. SenarCunebas saqmeSi;
• adamianis roli
geografiuli movlena, etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne gadaSenebis piras
geografiuli procesi cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- misuli saxeobebis
• yvela geografiul modgenebis damuSaveba gadarCenaSi.
processa da movlenas gaasityve Seni kvleva.
sakuTari mizezi da aqtivobebi: gaacani Seni „mwvane
Sedegi aqvs da gansxva wigni“ megobrebs.
vebuli xangrZlivo N1.
biT mimdinareobs; moswavleebi vebgverdze ecnobian statias –
• geografiuli movle „saqarTvelos wiTeli wigni da wiTeli nusxa“ (veb
nebisa da procesebis gverdis bmuli ix. resursebSi), adgenen, ra msgavseba-
Sedegad yalibdeba da gansxvavebaa am or dokuments Soris da ra kriteri
gardaiqmneba dedami umebis safuZvelze SeaqvT `wiTel wignsa~ da `wiTel
wis geografiuli nusxaSi~ mcenare an cxoveli. isini CainiSnaven,
garsi. kriteriumidan gamomdinare, maTTvis mniSvnelovan
informacias.
57
mdgradi ganviTareba N2.
• lokalur qmedebebs moswavleebi naxaven videofilms – „wiTeli nusxa“
globaluri Sedegebi (filmis bmuli ix. resursebSi), awyoben virtualur
SeiZleba mohyves; turs saqarTvelos erovnul muzeumSi sagamofeno
• mdgradi ganviTarebis darbazSi – „kavkasiis biomravalferovneba~ da aseve
miznebis (socialuri, ecnobian samxreT kavkasiis biomravalferovnebis
ekonomikuri, gare rukas (muzeumis sagamofeno darbazisa da rukis bmu
mosdacviTi da keTil li ix. resursebSi). moswavleebi detalurad aanali
dReoba) Sesruleba zeben kavkasiis biomravalferovnebis rukas, poulo
aucilebelia moma ben masze aRniSnul samxreT kavkasiis da saqarTve
vali Taobebis keTil los endemur da reliqtur mcenareTa da cxovelTa
dReobisTvis. saxeobebs da maTi gavrcelebis arealebs. ruka
dayofilia kategoriebad da TiToeul kategoriaSi
dargis specialistma SearCia is saxeobebi, romlebic
pirvel etapze daitanes: 11 Tevzi, 17 frinveli, 30
mcenare, 19 mweri, 17 ZuZumwovari, 15 qvewarmavali,
6 amfibia, 2 moluski da namarxi florisa da faunis
4 nimuSi. ruka Seqmnilia specialistebisa da National
Geographic Magazine-is adgilobrivi da amerikeli art-
redaqtorebis xelmZRvanelobiT.
moswavleebi ecnobian teqsts – „saqarTvelos
biomravalferovneba“, Seiswavlian saqarTvelos
ekosistemebSi gavrcelebul mcenareebsa da cxove
lebs, adgenen „mwvane wignSi“ Sesatan saxeobebs da
gansazRvraven argumentebs, Tu ratom unda moxvd
nen isini am wignSi. moZiebul informacias (teqstebs,
fotoebs) miscemen Sesaqmnel wignSi Sesatan formas;
N3.
mocemul informaciaze dayrdnobiT moswavleebi
adgenen „mwvane wigns“.

moswavleebi warmoadgenen dagegmil „mwvane
wigns“, aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs, rom
lebic gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis
dros, ra daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra problemebsa da
sirTuleebs waawydnen, romlebsac momaval komp
leqsur davalebaze muSaobisas gaiTvaliswineben.
resursebi:
wiTeli nusxa da wiTeli wigni

http://forestry.ge/ge/kviris-tema/12262-tsiteli-nusxa-da-tsiteli-tsigni
saqarTvelos wiTeli wigni
https://zooclub.ambebi.ge/zuu/literatura/2794-saqarthvelos-tsitheli-
tsigni.html
saqarTvelos biomravalferovneba
https://geofauna.ge/index.php?page=geo_nature_single&id=193
videofilmi: #wiTeli nusxa – giorgi kakabaZis siu
Jeti
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s114vbMYOb4
virtualuri turi, saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi
kavkasiis biomravalferovnebis sagamofeno darbazi
https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=w1tNjVcvsd6
kavkasiis biomravalferovnebis ruka
https://map.nationalgeographic.ge/
58
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: turistul-rek • ratom aris saqarTve davalebis piroba:
analizi reaciuli resursi lo mineraluri wyle warmoidgine, rom
• geografiuli kvleva qvecnebebi: mineraluri biT mdidari? sareklamo saagentoSi
bunebrivi da sazoga wylebi, kurorti • ratom aris saqarT muSaob da turistulma
doebrivi movlenebisa velo turistul-rek biurom dagikveTa rekla
da procesebis dak reaciuli resursebiT ma. Seqmeni sareklamo
virvebas, gaanali mdidari? rgoli, romelic saqarT
zebasa da Seswavlas velos (Seni qalaqis, sof
gulisxmobs; kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi lis, dabis, municipali
• geografiuli kvle (aqtivobebi, resursebi): tetis an regionis) mrav
visTvis monace alferovan turistul-
mebis mopoveba etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra rekreaciul potencials
SesaZlebelia sxva sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri warmoaCens da qveyanaSi
dasxva movlenaze davalebis prezentacia) turizmis ganviTarebas
uSualo dakvirvebiT, maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri Seuwyobs xels.
sxvadasxva rukisa da davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom kom
informaciis wyaros pleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda Seqmnan sareklamo rgolSi xaz-
(cxrili, sqema, diag sareklamo rgoli, romelSic unda warmoaCinon gasmiT warmoaCine:
rama, grafiki, foto) regionis turistul-rekreaciuli potenciali, maTi • regionis turistul-
gamoyenebiT; aTvisebisa da gamoyenebis perspeqtivebi turizmis rekreaciuli resurse
• geografiuli kvlevis ganviTarebisTvis. bi da maTi roli meur
Sedegebi sxvadasxva maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac neobis ganviTarebaSi;
formiT SeiZleba sareklamo rgolSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kri • turizmisa da sakuror
gamoisaxos (ruka, teriumebia; to meurneobis ganvi
cxrili, grafiki, aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli geog Tarebis mniSvneloba
diagrama, foto); rafiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davalebaze mosaxleobis cxovre
• geografiuli kvlevas muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geografi bis donis amaRlebaSi;
xSirad praqtikuli uli kvleva; • turistul-rekreaci
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen, uli resursebis
saSualebiT SeiZleba xom ar gauCndaT kiTxvebi, davalebis pirobasa da aTvisebisa da
sxvadasxva movle kriteriumebidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maT turizmis ganviTarebis
nisa da procesis Tvis bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTule perspeqtivebi.
Sedegebis progno bas. gaasityve Seni kvleva.
zireba). aCvene reklama Sens
etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne megobrebs.
geografiuli garsi cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war-
• geografiuli garsi modgenebis damuSaveba
Sedgeba geosferoebi
sagan (liTosfero, aqtivobebi:
atmosfero, hidro
sfero, biosfero), N1.
romelsac axasiaTebs moswavleebi ecnobian videofilms: „saqarTve
mTeli rigi kanonzo los msoflio turistuli ruka“ (filmis bmuli ix.
mierebebi; resursebSi), ganixilaven mas da imsjeleben, Tu ra
• adamianebis wyalobiT adgili ukavia saqarTvelos msoflio turistul
yalibdeba noosfero rukaze da ratom.
(gonis sfero), rome isini ecnobian resursebsa da saxelmZRvaneloSi
lic zemoqmedebs sxva mocemul informacias saqarTvelos turistul-rek
geosferoebze. reaciuli resursebis Sesaxeb (ix. bmulebi resurseb
Si) da Seadgenen sqemas. imsjeleben da iniSnaven, Tu
ra faqtorebma ganapiroba saqarTveloSi turis
tul-rekreaciuli resursebis mravalferovneba.
59
geografiuli procesi moswavleebi gaecnobian turizmis Tanamedrove
• yvela geografiul saxeebs da daakavSireben turistul-rekreaciul
processa da movlenas resursebTan. daadgenen turizmis TiToeuli mimar
sakuTari mizezi da Tulebis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro da aucilebel
Sedegi aqvs da gansx resursebs da axsnian, rogori saxisaa igi – bunebrivi
vavebuli xangrZlivo Tu anTropogenuri.
biT mimdinareobs;
• geografiuli movle N3.
nebisa da procesebis moswavleebi gaecnobian da ganixilaven saxelmZ
Sedegad yalibdeba da RvaneloSi mocemul SemTxvevis analizs, daadgenen,
gardaiqmneba dedami ra upiratesoba aqvs ekoturizms da ra rols
wis geografiuli TamaSobs igi adgilobrivi mosaxleobisa da ekono
garsi. mikis ganviTarebaSi.

• bunebrivi garemo gav moswavleebi agroveben informacias sakuTari
lenas axdens mosax sacxovrebeli adgilis turistul-rekreaciuli
leobasa da meur resursebis Sesaxeb, daadgenen, turizmis romeli
neobaze. sxvadasxva saxis ganviTarebaa SesaZlebeli, aris Tu ara mxareSi
qveyanaSi meurneobis ekoturizmis ganviTarebis potenciali. aseve imsje
esa Tu is dargia wamy leben meurneobis kidev romeli dargebis ganviTare
vani, rac Sromis geo bas Seuwyobs xels turistul-rekreaciuli resur
grafiul danawilebas sebis aTviseba.
ganapirobebs;
• mosaxleobisa da N5.
meurneobis struqtu daadgenen turizmis ganviTarebis Zlier da
ra, ganawileba da sust mxareebs, safrTxeebsa da SesaZleblobebs.
ganlageba cvalebadia sareklamo rgolisTvis Seqmnian emblemasa da slo
drosa da sivrceSi; gans, romelic naTlad warmoaCens mxaris turistul
• saxelmwifo gavle potencials.
nas axdens qveyanaSi
mimdinare socialur- N6. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia
ekonomikur pro moswavleebi warmoadgenen momzadebul sarekla
cesebze, rac mis mo rgols, aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs,
ganviTarebis doneze romlebic gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis
aisaxeba. dros, ganixilaven, Tu ra daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra
problemebsa da sirTuleebs waawydnen, romlebsac
mdgradi ganviTareba momaval kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobisas gaiT
• lokalur qmedebebs valiswineben.
globaluri Sedegebi
SeiZleba mohyves; resursebi:
• mdgradi ganviTarebis
miznebis (socialuri, saxelmZRvanelo
ekonomikuri, gare videofilmi „saqarTvelo msoflios turistul
mosdacviTi da keTil rukaze“
dReoba) Sesruleba https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iC-RD6OjSjw ;
aucilebelia moma saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne „saqarTvelos
vali Taobebis keTil kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis nusxis
dReobisTvis. Sesaxeb“
https://www.matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/94798?publication=0
https://www.effecttour.ge/ka/3137-%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1
%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%
E1%83%91%E1%83%90-2/
60
mdgradi turizmis ganviTareba
http://www.economy.ge/uploads/ecopolitic/turizmi-/sakartvelos%20
turizmis%20strategia%202025.pdf
saqarTvelos turizmis departamenti
https://gnta.ge/ge/

geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: iZulebiT • ratom aris didi davalebis piroba:
analizi gadaadgilebuli piri raodenobiT devnili warmoidgine, rom
• geografiuli kvleva (devnili). saqarTveloSi? saerTaSoriso organi
bunebrivi da sazoga qvecnebebi: migracia da zaciis eqsperti xar
doebrivi movlenebisa misi saxeebi devnilTa sakiTxebSi.
da procesebis dak Seni mizania, moamzado
virvebas, gaanali kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi infografika Temaze „ra
zebasa da Seswavlas (aqtivobebi, resursebi): problemebi awuxebT
gulisxmobs; devnilebs saqarTvelo
• geografiuli kvle etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra Si?“
visTvis monace sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri
mebis mopoveba davalebis prezentacia) infografikaSi xazgasmiT
SesaZlebelia sxva maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri warmoaCine:
dasxva movlenaze davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom • saqarTveloSi devnil
uSualo dakvirvebiT, maT kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda Ta nakadebis warmoq
sxvadasxva rukisa da Seqmnan infografika Temaze – „ra problemebi awu mnis gamomwvevi mize
informaciis wyaros xebT devnilebs saqarTveloSi“. zebi;
(cxrili, sqema, diag moswavleebma maT mier Sedgenil infografikaSi • devnilTa sami mniS
rama, grafiki, foto) unda warmoaCinon devnilTa problemebi da gansaz vnelovani problema
gamoyenebiT; Rvron pirovnebisa da saxelmwifos roli probleme da maTi gamomwvevi
• geografiuli kvlevis bis gadaWris procesSi. faqtorebi;
Sedegebi sxvadasxva maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac • saxelmwifosa da
formiT SeiZleba infografikaSi unda warmoaCinon, aris Sefasebis mosaxleobis roli
gamoisaxos (ruka, kriteriumebi; devnilTa problemebis
cxrili, grafiki, aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli geog gadaWraSi;
diagrama, foto); rafiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davalebaze • devnilTa problemebis
• geografiuli kvlevas muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geografi gadaWris gzebi.
xSirad praqtikuli uli kvleva. gaasityve Seni info
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen grafika.
saSualebiT SeiZleba davalebis pirobasa da kriteriumebidan gamomdina
sxvadasxva movle re Tu gauCndaT kiTxvebi, an Tu aris raime maTTvis
nisa da procesis bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas.
Sedegebis progno
zireba). etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne
cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war-
geografiuli movlena, modgenebis damuSaveba
geografiuli procesi
• yvela geografiul aqtivobebi:
processa da movlenas
sakuTari mizezi da N1.
Sedegi aqvs da gansx moswavleebi gaecnobian saxelmZRvanelosa da
vavebuli xangrZlivo resursebSi mocemul informacias (informaciis
biT mimdinareobs; Sesaxeb bmulebi ix. resursebSi) da gamomwvevi mize
• geografiuli movlen zebis mixedviT daadgenen, devnilebis romeli kate
ebisa da procesebis goriebi arsebobs da sad aris devnilTa kompaqturi
dasaxlebis arealebi. imsjeleben da axsnian, romel
regionebSia yvelaze meti devnili Tavmoyrili.
61
Sedegad yalibdeba da N2.
gardaiqmneba dedami moswavleebi gaanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi
wis geografiuli mocemul SemTxvevis analizs da statias „devnilebi
garsi. isev gariyuli arian“ (statiis bmuli ix. resursebSi).
am informaciaze dayrdnobiT Seadareben da imsjel
mosaxleoba da meurneoba eben devnilebis problemebsa da maTi warmoqmnis
• bunebrivi garemo gav gamomwvev mizezebze.
lenas axdens mosax
leobasa da meur N3.
neobaze. sxvadasxva moswavleebi gaanalizebul informaciaze dayr
qveyanaSi meurneobis dnobiT axdenen devnilebis problemebis identi
esa Tu is dargia wamy ficirebas, Semdeg adgenen devnilebisa da adgilo
vani, rac Sromis geo brivi mmarTvelobiTi organos warmomadgenlebis
grafiul danawilebas Tvis kiTxvars (SesaZlebelia Catardes internet
ganapirobebs; gamokiTxva).
• mosaxleobisa da
meurneobis struqtu N4.
ra, ganawileba da moswavleebi atareben gamokiTxvas da daamuSave
ganlageba cvalebadia ben miRebul informacias: gamoyofen problemebsa
drosa da sivrceSi; dadaajgufeben prioritetebis mixedviT.
• saxelmwifo gavle
nas axdens qveyanaSi N5.
mimdinare socialur- mopovebuli da gaanalizebuli masalis safuZ
ekonomikur pro velze moswavleebi amzadeben infografikisTvis
cesebze, rac mis saWiro resursebs:
ganviTarebis doneze • rukas, sadac aRniSnaven devnilebis gansaxlebis
aisaxeba. arealebs;
• dasaxlebis fotoebs;
• gamokiTxvis Sedegebis amsaxvel grafikebs da
diagramebs;
• aseve, dasaxaven problemebis gadaWris gzebs;
• gansazRvraven mosaxleobisa da saxelmwifos
ufleba-movaleobebs.

moswavleebi warmoadgenen momzadebul infogra
fikas da saubroben kvlevis im etapebis Sesaxeb,
romlebic gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis
dros, aseve ganmartaven, Tu ra daskvnebi gamoitanes,
ra problemebi da sirTuleebi SexvdaT, romlebsac
momaval kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobisas gaiTva
liswineben.
62
resursebi:
saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan devnil

Ta sakiTxebi
http://mra.gov.ge/geo/static/55
saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri
https://www.geostat.ge/ka/modules/categories/41/mosakhleoba
mTis ambebi
https://mtisambebi.ge/news/people/item/172-%E2%80%9Esopeli-
sopels-gaswaxis-%E2%80%9Edailie-tu-xarao%E2%80%9C-
%E2%80%93-bolo-10-xelshi-223-sopeli-iqza-nasoplarad
mTis ambebi
https://imedinews.ge/ge/politika/10408/saqartvelos-3633-soplidan-
223-nasoplaria
saqarTveloSi yvelaze xalxmravali soflebi cno
bilia
https://imedinews.ge/ge/ekonomika/49340/saqartveloshi-kvelaze-
khalkhmravali-soplebi-tsnobilia
devnilTa Casaxlebebi da sacxovrebeli farTiT
uzrunvelyofili ojaxebis raodenoba (2009-2015)
https://idfi.ge/ge/number-of-provided-living-areas-for-idps
saqarTvelos migraciis profili, 2019
http://migration.commission.ge/files/mp19_web3.pdf
rogor xedaven iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi
maTi problemebis mogvarebis gzebs
https://ge.boell.org/sites/default/files/uploads/2014/01/policy_
paper_idps.pdf
devnilebi isev gariyuli arian (nino kalandariS
vili)
https://netgazeti.ge/news/353807/
devnilTa Casaxlebebi da sacxovrebeli farTiT
uzrunvelyofili ojaxebis raodenoba (2009-2015)
https://idfi.ge/ge/number-of-provided-living-areas-for-idps
ekomigrantebi svaneTidan da mTiani aWaridan
http://www.ambioni.ge/ekomigrantebi-svanetidan-da-mtiani-awari-
dan
63
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: adamianuri • rogoria saqarTve davalebis piroba:
analizi (humanuri) ganviTarebis los humanuri ganvi warmoidgine, rom
• geografiuli kvleva indeqsi saqarTveloSi Tarebis indeqsi? saqarTvelos warmo
bunebrivi da sazoga qvecnebebi: ganviTarebis • ratom iswrafvis madgeneli xar gaeros
doebrivi movlenebisa done, ganaTleba, mdgra saqarTvelo evrokav samitze da moxsenebiT
da procesebis dak di ganviTarebis miznebi SirSi gawevrianebis unda gamoxvide, sadac
virvebas, gaanali ken? isaubreb mdgradi gan
zebasa da Seswavlas viTarebisa miznebsa da
gulisxmobs; kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi adamianuri ganviTarebis
• geografiuli kvle (aqtivobebi, resursebi): indeqss Soris kavSirze
visTvis monace saqarTvelos magaliTze.
mebis mopoveba etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra
SesaZlebelia sxva sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri moxsenebaSi xazgasmiT
dasxva movlenaze davalebis prezentacia) warmoaCine:
uSualo dakvirvebiT, maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri • mdgradi ganviTare
sxvadasxva rukisa da davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom bis miznebis mniSvne
informaciis wyaros kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad maT unda loba msofliosa da
(cxrili, sqema, diag daweron moxseneba, romelSic warmoaCenen mdgradi saqarTvelos ukeTesi
rama, grafiki, foto) ganviTarebis miznebis mniSvnelobas msofliosa cxovrebisTvis;
gamoyenebiT; da saqarTvelos ukeTesi cxovrebisTvis, kavSirs • kavSiri mdgradi gan
• geografiuli kvlevis mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebsa da adamianuri gan viTarebis miznebsa da
Sedegebi sxvadasxva viTarebis indeqssa da mis maCveneblebs Soris, aseve adamianuri ganviTare
formiT SeiZleba qveynisa da mosaxleobis rols mdgradi ganviTarebis bis indeqssa da mis
gamoisaxos (ruka, miznebis SesrulebaSi. maCveneblebs Soris;
cxrili, grafiki, maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac • qveynisa da mosaxleo
diagrama, foto); unda warmoaCinon maT mier momzadebul moxsenebaSi, bisa roli mdgradi
• geografiuli kvlevas Sefasebis kriteriumebia; aseve ganumartavs, Tu ras ganviTarebis miznebis
xSirad praqtikuli niSnavs Catarebuli geografiuli kvlevis etapebis SesrulebaSi.
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi warmoCena davalebaze muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gaasityve Seni kvleva.
saSualebiT SeiZleba gulisxmobs geografiuli kvleva. gaacani Seni moxseneba
sxvadasxva movle maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen, megobrebs.
nisa da procesis xom ar gauCndaT kiTxvebi davalebis pirobasa da
Sedegebis progno kriteriumebidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maT
zireba). Tvis bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTule
bas.
geografiuli movlena,
geografiuli procesi etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne
• yvela geografiul cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war-
processa da movlenas modgenebis damuSaveba
sakuTari mizezi da
Sedegi aqvs da gansx aqtivobebi:
vavebuli xangrZlivo
biT mimdinareobs; N1.
• geografiuli movle maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gaixsenon da
nebisa da procesebis upasuxon kiTxvebs: ra niSnebiT SeiZleba imsjelon
Sedegad yalibdeba da qveynis socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis donis
gardaiqmneba dedami Sesaxeb? ra aris adamianuri (humanuri) ganviTarebis
wis geografiuli indeqsi? ra aris mSp da rogor iangariSeba mSp 1 sul
garsi. mosaxleze?
N2.
moswavleebi aanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi moce
mul rukebs: msoflios qveynebis dajgufeba adamia
nuri ganviTarebis indeqsis mixedviT, msoflios
64
mosaxleoba da meurneoba qveynebi adamianuri (humanuri) ganviTarebis indeqsis
• bunebrivi garemo gav (agi) mixedviT (ix. rukebi moswavlis wignSi) da adgenen
lenas axdens mosax saqarTvelos adgils msoflios qveynebs Soris da
leobasa da meur pouloben msoflios sxva saxelmwifoebs, romelTac
neobaze. sxvadasxva msgavsi maCvenebeli aqvT.
qveyanaSi meurneobis Semdeg moswavleebi aanalizeben saxelmZRvanelo
esa Tu is dargia wam Si mocemul Tematur rukebs – mSp erT sul mosaxle
yvani, rac Sromis geo ze msoflios qveynebSi, sicocxlis saSualo xangr
grafiul danawilebas Zlivoba msoflios qveynebSi da msoflios qveynebi
ganapirobebs; ganaTlebis donis mixedviT (ix. rukebi moswavlis
• mosaxleobisa da wignSi) da gansazRvraven: a) romel qveynebSia
meurneobis struqtu ganaTlebis donis maCvenebeli yvelaze maRali da yve
ra, ganawileba da laze dabali: b) ras udris ganaTlebis donis maCvene
ganlageba cvalebadia beli saqarTveloSi; g) msoflios romel qveynebSia
drosa da sivrceSi; analogiuri maCveneblebi. moswavleebi rukebze
• saxelmwifo gavle muSaobis yvela etapze, kriteriumidan gamomdinare,
nas axdens qveyanaSi iniSnaven maTTvis mniSvnelovan informacias.
mimdinare socialur-
ekonomikur pro N3.
cesebze, rac mis moswavleebi ecnobian videofilmebs – `gaeros
ganviTarebis doneze mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebi“ da „mdgradi ganviTa
aisaxeba. rebis miznebi da saqarTvelo“ da iniSnaven maTTvis
mniSvnelovan informacias. aseve aanalizeben teqsts,
mdgradi ganviTareba saxelmZRvanelosa da vebgverdze – http://sdg.gov.ge/
• lokalur qmedebebs goals mocemul informacias (videofilmebis bmuli da
globaluri Sedegebi teqsti ix. resursebSi) da adgenen kavSirs am miznebsa
SeiZleba mohyves; da adamianuri ganviTarebis indeqss Soris, gansaz
• mdgradi ganviTarebis Rvraven TiToeulis mniSvnelobas da sqemis saxiT
miznebis (socialuri, warmoadgenen kavSirs mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebsa
ekonomikuri, gare da adamianuri (humanuri) ganviTarebis indeqss (agi)
mosdacviTi da keTil Soris.
dReoba) Sesruleba gaanalizebul informacias miscemen Sesaqmnel
aucilebelia moma moxsenebaSi Sesatan formas.
vali Taobebis keTil
dReobisTvis. N4.
moswavleebi mocemul informaciaze dayrdnobiT
gansazRvraven qveynis da mosaxleobis rols mdgradi
ganviTarebis miznebis SesrulebaSi.
N5. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia:

moswavleebi warmoadgenen momzadebul moxsene
bas, aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs, romlebic
gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis dros;
ganmartaven, ra daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra problemebi
da sirTuleebi SexvdaT, romlebsac momaval komp
resursebi:
saxelmZRvanelo
videofilmebi: gaeros mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejKehbmlhuY
„IDFI – mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebi da saqarT
velo“
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7e4TO9QQnFQ
65
vebgverdi: mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebi
http://sdg.gov.ge/goals-details-inner/4
teqsti: „mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebi warmoadgens
gaeros 193 wevr qveyanas Soris gamarTuli molapara
kebebis da samoqalaqo sazogadoebisa da sxva dain
teresebuli mxareebis uprecedento monawileobis
Sedegs. miznebi exeba mTel msoflios, ganviTarebad
da ganviTarebul qveynebs.
2015 wels gaeros 193 wevri qveyana SeTanxmda
mdgradi ganviTarebis dRis wesrigis dokumentze,
saTauriT – „Cveni samyaros gardaqmna: 2030 wlis
dRis wesrigi mdgradi ganviTarebisaTvis“. es dRis
wesrigi moicavs 17 mizans da 169 amocanas, romlebic
momdevno wlebis ganmavlobaSi xels Seuwyobs,
gadaidgas mniSvnelovani nabijebi yvelaze kritiku
li mniSvnelobis mqone sferoebSi: adamianebi, plane
ta, warmateba, mSvidoba da partnioroba. am 17 mizan
Si gaerTianebulia yvela is gamowveva Tu problema,
romlebic msoflios nebismier qveyanaSi arsebul
adamianebs gvaerTianebs, gvafiqrebs, Tu ra nabijebi
gadavdgaT, raTa miviRoT mdgradi ganviTarebis
sami urTierTdakavSirebuli elementi: ekonomikuri
zrda, socialuri inkluzia da garemos dacva.“
saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri
https://www.geostat.ge/ka/modules/categories/23/mtliani-shida-
produkti-mshp
https://www.geostat.ge/ka/modules/categories/192/tskhovrebis-
done
https://www.geostat.ge/ka/modules/categories/193/ganatleba
mdgradi ganviTarebis miznebi
http://sdg.gov.ge/goals-details-inner/4
66
სამიზნე ცნებები:
• geografiuli kvleva da analizi;

• geografiuli garsi;
• geografiuli movlena, geografiuli procesi;
• mosaxleoba da meurneoba;
• mdgradi ganviTareba.
იუნესკოს სიაში წარსადგენი ობიექტები
gaerTianebuli erebis ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis

organizacia iunesko (UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization) gaeros specializebuli saagentoa, romlis mizania, mSvi
dobisa da saerTaSoriso uSiSroebis interesebisaTvis xeli Seuwyos
ganaTlebisa da kulturis gavrcelebas, mecnierebis ganviTarebas,
adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa pativiscemas ra
sis, sqesis, enisa da religiis miuxedavad.
UNESCO-s konvenciebis mizania arqeologiuri Zeglebis, wyal
qveSa memkvidreobis, muzeumis koleqciebis, aramaterialuri mem
kvidreobis da sxva formebis memkvidreobis saxiT warmodgenili
msoflios kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva, aseve inovaciisa da
Semoqmedebis mxardaWera kulturis sxvadasxva dargSi.
UNESCO-s msoflio memkvidreoba bunebrivi an adamianis mier Seq
mnili obieqtebia, romelTa gansakuTrebuli istoriuli an ekolo
giuri faseulobis gamo, upirates amocanad maTi Senaxva da popu
larizacia miiCneva. msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi xvdebian mxolod
is Zeglebi, romlebsac, komisiis azriT, universaluri mniSvneloba
aqvT istoriis, xelovnebisa da mecnierebis TvalsazrisiT. arCevis
gadawyvetisas gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba Zeglis originaluroba,
avTenturoba (istoriuli namdviloba) da misi erTianoba (mTlia
noba). UNESCO-s msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi saqarTvelos kultu
ruli memkvidreobis 3 Zeglia Sesuli. esenia: mcxeTis istoriuli
Zeglebi, zemo svaneTi da gelaTis samonastro kompleqsi.
aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba iuneskos koncef
ciaa, romlis Sesaxeb winadadeba XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi wamoaye
nes, msoflio memkvidreobis siis analogiurad. 2003 wels iuneskom
miiRo aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis konven
cia. aramaterialur kulturul memkvidreobad miiCnies zepiri
gadmocemebi, tradiciuli musika, cekva, ritualebi, festivalebi
da xalxuri rewva.
UNESCO-s aramaterialuri memkvidreobis warmomadgenlobiT
siaSi saqarTvelodan 4 elementi – qvevris Rvinis dayenebis uZvelesi
qarTuli tradiciuli meTodi (2013 weli), qarTuli mravalxmianoba
67
(2001 weli), qarTuli anbanis sami saxeobis cocxali kultura (2016
weli) da qarTuli Widaobaa (2018 weli) warmodgenili.
warmoidgine, rom rogorc saqarTvelos warmomadgeneli monawi
leob iuneskos msoflio kulturuli da bunebis memkvidreobis siis
ganaxlebaSi. Sen gevaleba, saqarTvelodan SearCio 2 obieqti, romel
Tagan erTs – UNESCO-s msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi, xolo meores
aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis siaSi Seitan da warmo
adgino posteri maT Sesaxeb.
პოსტერში ხაზგასმით წარმოაჩინე:
• geografiuli garemos mniSvneloba materialuri da aramateria

luri kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebis CamoyalibebaSi;
• mosaxleobis roli msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi da aramaterialu
ri kulturuli memkvidreobis warmomadgenlobiT siaSi Sesatani
obieqtebis SenarCuneba-dacvis saqmeSi;
• mdgradi ganviTarebis principebisa da erovnuli TviTmyofadobis
mniSvneloba materialuri da aramaterialuri kulturuli Zegle
bis gadarCenis TvalsazrisiT;
• materialuri da aramaterialuri kulturuli Zeglebis mniSvne
loba qveynis ganviTarebis procesSi.
პრაქტიკული რჩევები:
• gaecani iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi Setanil bunebriv

da aramaterialur kulturul obieqtebs;
• SeimuSave da gansazRvre kriteriumebi, ris mixedviT SearCev siaSi
Sesatan obieqtebs;
• SearCie siaSi Sesatani obieqtebi da daasabuTe, rom isini akmayo
filebs SemuSavebul kriteriumebs.
რესურსები:
https://ich.unesco.org/en/home
https://unesco.ge/?page_id=438
qarTul anbans „iunesko“-s aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidre
obis statusi mieniWa
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAvhlCBu1Bk
iunesko – qarTuli Rvino
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rY-6rbfZopQ
qarTuli kultura da iunesko
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYsr3PLCduA
saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebi iunesko-s nominaciaze
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhV4bKF9O9g
68
შეაჯამე შენ მიერ გაწეული სამუშაო:
• ra konkretuli aqtivobebi ganaxorciele davalebis Sesrulebis

TiToeul etapze?
• ramdenad SeZeli yvela mniSvnelovani sakiTxis ganxilva posteris
momzadebisas?
• ramdenad myari argumentebi moiyvane Seni poziciis gasamyareblad?
• ra aris Seni posteris Zlieri da susti mxare?
• ra dabrkoleba Segxvda muSaobis periodSi da rogor gadalaxe?
• Tavidan rom daiwyo davalebaze muSaoba, ras Secvlidi da rogor?
• ra gancdebi geufleboda muSaobis procesSi?
69
Tema: dasavleTi saqarTvelo (imereTi, raWa-leCxumi-qvemo svaneTi, samegrelo-zemo svaneTi, guria, aWara,
afxazeTi);
saaTebis savaraudo raodenoba: 11 (+4) sT

• dasavleTi kavkasioni (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli movlena, geo
grafiuli procesi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba);
• Savi zRva (geografiuli kvleva da analizi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba; mdgradi ganviTareba);
• kolxeTis dablobi (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli garsi; mosaxleoba
da meurneoba; mdgradi ganviTareba);
• rioni (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli movlena, geografiuli procesi;
mosaxleoba da meurneoba; mdgradi ganviTareba);
• sfagnumiani Waobebi (ramsaris konvencia) (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiu
li garsi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba; mdgradi ganviTareba);
• sufsis navTobterminali (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba;
mdgradi ganviTareba);
• hidroeleqtroenergia (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba;
mdgradi ganviTareba);
• sarkineTi (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba; mdgradi ganvi
Tareba).

• dasavleTi saqarTvelo aRmosavleTTan • ratom aris dasavleTi saqarTvelo aRmosavleT
SedarebiT teniania; Tan SedarebiT teniani?
• afxazeTSi mdebareobs msoflioSi yvelaze Rrma • ratom Cndeba karstuli mRvimeebi dasavleT
karstuli ufskruli; saqarTveloSi?
• Savi zRva mniSvnelovani satransporto arteriaa; • ratomaa Savi zRva mniSvnelovani satransporto
• dasavleT saqarTveloSi ori avtonomiuri arteria?
erTeuli – aWara da afxazeTi – mdebareobs; • ratomaa gavrcelebuli dasavleT saqarTveloSi
• dasavleT saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia mecitruseoba da meCaieoba?
mecitruseoba da meCaieoba; • ratomaa mdidari dasavleT saqarTvelo
• aWara, raWa, guria, imereTi, samegrelo-zemo turistul-rekreaciuli resursebiT?
svaneTi mdidaria turistul-rekreaciuli, gama • ratomaa damaxasiaTebeli aWarisa da imereTis
jansaRebeli da samkurnalo resursebiT (magne Tvis mewyrebi?
tituri qviSa, mineraluri wylebi); • ris gageba SemiZlia saqarTvelos Sesaxeb rukis
• aWarisa da imereTisTvis damaxasiaTebelia mew gamoyenebiT?
yrebi. • rogor gamoviyeno informaciis sxvadasxva wyaro
saqarTvelos Sesaswavlad?
70
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: dasavleTi kavka • ratom Cndeba karstu davalebis piroba:
analizi sioni. li mRvimeebi dasav speleoTerapia gamoq
• geografiuli kvleva qvecnebebi: reliefis leT saqarTveloSi? vabulebis, mRvimeebis,
bunebrivi da sazoga karstuli formebi maRaroebis mikroklima
doebrivi movlenebisa tis gamoyenebaa adamianis
da procesebis dak kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi gamosajanmrTeleblad.
virvebas, gaanali (aqtivobebi, resursebi): „miwisqveSa saavadmyo
zebasa da Seswavlas foebis“ istoria aTas
gulisxmobs; etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra wleulebs iTvlis. pir
• geografiuli kvle sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri velad speleoTerapiis
visTvis monace davalebis prezentacia) gamoyeneba daaxloebiT
mebis mopoveba maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri 2500 wlis win daiwyes.
SesaZlebelia sxva davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom kom gamoqvabulebisa da
dasxva movlenaze pleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda Seqmnan mRvimeebis unikaluri
uSualo dakvirvebiT, statia vebgverdisTvis, romelSic warmoaCenen Tvisebebi sruliad
sxvadasxva rukisa da reliefis karstuli formebis Camoyalibebisa da SemTxveviT aRmoaCines.
informaciis wyaros gavrcelebis kanonzomierebas da mRvimeebis rols jer kidev neoliTis
(cxrili, sqema, diag mosaxleobis janmrTelobasa da sameurneo saqmia epoqaSi Cadioda xalxi
rama, grafiki, foto) nobaSi. miwisqveS, raTa Tavi
gamoyenebiT; maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac daecva uamindobisa da
• geografiuli kvlevis statiaSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kriteriume veluri cxovelebisagan
Sedegebi sxvadasxva bia; aseve ganumartavs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli da grZnobdnen, zogierT
formiT SeiZleba geografiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davale mRvimeSi rogor qreboda
gamoisaxos (ruka, baze muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geog daRliloba da aRarc
cxrili, grafiki, rafiuli kvleva. Zveli iarebi stkiodaT.
diagrama, foto); maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen warmoidgine, rom
• geografiul kvlevas davalebis pirobidan da kriteriumebidan gamomdina speleologi xar da erT-
xSirad praqtikuli re, Tu gauCndaT kiTxvebi, an Tu aris raime maTTvis erTma samedicino kompa
daniSnuleba aqvs (misibundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas. niam daxmareba gTxova.
saSualebiT SeiZleba maT saqarTveloSi arse
sxvadasxva movle etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne buli mRvimeebis bazaze
nisa da procesis cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- samedicino turizmis,
Sedegebis progno modgenebis damuSaveba kerZod speleoTera
zireba). piis ganviTareba surT
aqtivobebi: da am mizniT vebgverds
geografiuli garsi amzadeben. Seni amocanaa,
• geografiuli garsi N1. daexmaro vebgverdze
Sedgeba geosferoe moswavleebi aanalizeben saqarTvelos fizikur da gansaTavsebeli statiis
bisagan (liTosfero, orografiuli rukebs (ix. rukebi saxelmZRvaneloSi) momzadebaSi.
atmosfero, hidros da adgenen reliefis karstuli formebis gavrcele
fero, biosfero), bis arealebs; qmnian eleqtronul rukas National statiaSi xazgasmiT war-
romelsac axasiaTebs Geographic-is programaSi https://mapmaker.nationalgeographic. moaCine:
mTeli rigi kanonzo org: saqarTvelos mRvimeebi. aanalizeben mocemul • reliefis kars
mierebebi; resurss da adgenen mRvimeebis warmoqmnis faqtorebs. tuli formebis
• adamianebis wyalobiT moswavleebi CainiSnaven maTTvis mniSvnelovan infor Camoyalibebisa da
yalibdeba noosfero macias kriteriumidan gamomdinare. gavrcelebis gamom
(gonis sfero), romel wvevi faqtorebi;
ic zemoqmedebs sxva N2. • karstuli mRvimeebis
geosferoebze. moswavleebi gaaanalizeben teqstebs – „speleo gavlena mosaxleobis
Terapia“, „speleoTerapia da mkurnali mRvimeebi sa janmrTelobasa da
qarTveloSi“ da speleoTerapia – `mkurnaloba mRvi meurneobis ganviTare
meebiT“ – araerTi daavadebis gankurnebisa da samedi baze;
cino turizmis ganviTarebis saSualeba“ (teqstebis
71
geografiuli movlena, bmulebi ix. resursebSi). isini gaecnobian speleo • samedicino turizmis
geografiuli procesi Terapiis arss da warmoSobis istorias, aseve mRvi roli qveynis ekonomi
• yvela geografiul meebis samkurnalo mizniT gamoyenebis gamocdilebas kaSi.
processa da movle da CainiSnaven maTTvis saWiro informacias. moswav gaasityve Seni kvlevis
nas Tavisi mizezi da leebi imsjeleben, Tu ra gavlenas axdens speleoTe Sedegi.
Sedegi aqvs da gansx rapia adamianis janmrTelobaze da rogor SeiZleba
vavebuli xangrZlivo mosaxleobam gamoiyenos mRvimeebi sameurneo saqmia
biT mimdinareobs; nobaSi. isini gaanalizeben informacias da miscemen
• geografiuli movle vebgverdze gansaTavsebel formas.
nebisa da procesebis
Sedegad yalibdeba da N3.
gardaiqmneba dedami moswavleebi SearCeven saqarTveloSi mdebare 3
wis geografiuli mRvimes, Seagroveben monacemebsa da fotoebs maT
garsi. Sesaxeb. vebgverdisTvis moamzadeben teqstebs,
sadac ganmartaven samedicino turizmis ganviTare
mosaxleoba da meurneoba bisa da popularizaciis mniSvnelobas, isaubreben
• bunebrivi garemo gav saqarTveloSi speleoTerapiis, rogorc samedicino
lenas axdens mosax turizmis erT-erTi saxeobis, ganviTarebis SesaZleb
leobasa da meur lobebsa da potencialze. saqarTvelos konturul
neobaze. sxvadasxva an eleqtronul rukaze aRniSnaven mRvimeebis ganla
qveyanaSi meurneobis gebis arealebs da am informacias mRvimeebis fotoeb
esa Tu is dargia wamy sa da mokle aRwerilobasTan erTad ganaTavseben
vani, rac Sromis geog vebgverdze.
rafiul danawilebas
ganapirobebs; N4. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia
• mosaxleobisa da moswavleebi warmoadgenen momzadebul statias
meurneobis struqtu vebgverdisTvis, aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im
ra, ganawileba da etapebs, romlebic gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze
ganlageba cvalebadia muSaobis dros; ganmartaven, ra daskvnebi gamoitanes,
drosa da sivrceSi; ra problemebsa da sirTuleebs waawydnen, romlebsac
• saxelmwifo gavle momaval kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobisas gaiTva
nas axdens qveyanaSi liswineben.
mimdinare socialur-
ekonomikur pro resursebi:
cesebze, rac mis
ganviTarebis doneze saxelmZRvanelo
aisaxeba. karstuli reliefi
http://dspace.gela.org.ge/bitstream/123456789/6440/1/
mdgradi ganviTareba Geo_67_2017_12.pdf
• lokalur qmedebebs speleoTerapia
globaluri Sedegebi http://tskaltuboresort.ge/geo/static/76
SeiZleba mohyves; speleoTerapia da mkurnali mRvimeebi saqarTveloSi
• mdgradi ganviTarebis http://topnews.com.ge/news/9209
miznebis (socialuri, speleoTerapia `mkurnaloba mRvimeebiT~ – araerTi
ekonomikuri, gare daavadebis gankurnebisa da samedicino turizmis
mosdacviTi da keTil ganviTarebis saSualeba
dReoba) Sesruleba https://www.kvirispalitra.ge/public/33901-speleotherapia-
aucilebelia moma qmkurnaloba-mghvimeebithq-araerthi-daavadebis-gankurnebisa-
vali Taobebis keTil da-samedicino-turizmis-ganvitharebis-sashualeba.html
dReobisTvis.
72
samizne cnebebi da sakiTxi da qvecnebebi sakvanZo SekiTxva/ kompleqsuri davalebebi
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: Savi zRva. • ratom modis naleqeb davalebis piroba:
analizi qvecnebebi: vaWroba, por is umetesi nawili Savi baTumis navsadguris
• geografiuli kvleva ti, klimatwarmomqmneli zRvis samxreT sana istoria romis imperii
bunebrivi da sazoga faqtori piroze? dan iwyeba. jer kidev
doebrivi movlenebisa • ra rols TamaSobs Savi adrian III-is mmarTvelo
da procesebis dak zRva saqarTvelos bis periodSi baTumis
virvebas, gaanali ekonomikaSi? navsadguri romaelebis
zebasa da Seswavlas sazRvao savaWro qselSi
gulisxmobs; kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
• geografiuli kvle (aqtivobebi, resursebi): gasaCerebeli punqti
visTvis monace iyo. navsadgurs Tavisi
mebis mopoveba etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra mniSvneloba arc Semdeg
SesaZlebelia sxva sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri daukargavs.
dasxva movlenaze davalebis prezentacia) warmoidgine, rom
uSualo dakvirvebiT, baTumis portis warmo
sxvadasxva rukisa da maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri madgeneli xar da Savi
informaciis wyaros davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom zRvispira qveynebis
(cxrili, sqema, diag kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda organizaciis – bisekis
rama, grafiki, foto) moamzadon moxseneba, romelSic warmoaCenen baTumis (BSEC) Sexvedraze imyo
gamoyenebiT; navsadguris mniSvnelobas saqarTvelos mosaxleo febi, sadac moxsenebiT
• geografiuli kvlevis bis ukeTesi cxovrebisTvis; aseve daasabuTeben unda gamoxvide baTumis
Sedegebi sxvadasxva kavSirs ports, mosaxleobis cxovrebis donesa portis Sesaxeb.
formiT SeiZleba da ekologiur problemebs Soris. maswavlebeli
gamoisaxos (ruka, acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac unda warmoaCi moxsenebaSi xazgasmiT
cxrili, grafiki, non maT mier momzadebul moxsenebaSi, Sefasebis warmoaCine:
diagrama, foto); kriteriumebia; aseve ganumartavs, Tu ras niSnavs • baTumis navsadguris
• geografiul kvlevas Catarebuli geografiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCe mniSvneloba aWaris
xSirad praqtikuli na davalebaze muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisx regionis mosaxleo
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi mobs geografiuli kvleva. bis cxovrebis donis
saSualebiT SeiZleba maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen amaRlebaSi;
sxvadasxva movle davalebis pirobidan da kriteriumebidan gamomdin • baTumis navsadguris
nisa da procesis are, Tu gauCndaT kiTxvebi, an Tu aris raime maTTvis roli saqarTvelos
Sedegebis prognozi bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas. ekonomikis ganviTare
reba). baSi;
etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne cne- • baTumis por
mosaxleoba da meurneoba basTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri warmodgen- tis ekologiuri
• bunebrivi garemo gav ebis damuSaveba. mdgomareoba da
lenas axdens mosax safrTxeebi.
leobasa da meur aqtivobebi: gaasityve Seni kvleva.
neobaze. sxvadasxva
qveyanaSi meurneobis N1.
esa Tu is dargia wamy maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gaecnon saxel
vani, rac Sromis geo mZRvaneloSi mocemul rukas da informacias baTumis
grafiul danawilebas portis Sesaxeb da daadginon baTumis navsadguris
ganapirobebs; geostrategiuli da geografiuli mdebareobis upi
• mosaxleobisa da ratesobebi da gansazRvron, rogor ukavSirdeba
meurneobis struqtu saqarTvelo sazRvao transportiT sxvadasxva qve
ra, ganawileba da yanas.
ganlageba cvalebadia
drosa da sivrceSi;
• saxelmwifo gavlenas
axdens qveyanaSi
73
mimdinare socialur- N2.
ekonomikur pro moswavleebi ecnobian statiebs – „baTumis navsad
cesebze, rac mis guri“, „rogoria baTumis portis tvirTbrunva pan
ganviTarebis doneze demiis pirobebSi?“ da „didi finansuri omi saqarT
aisaxeba. veloSi: nobelebi, rotSildebi da rokfelerebi“ (ix.
bmulebi resursebSi) da Seiswavlian baTumis navsad
mdgradi ganviTareba guris istoriasa da saporto qalaqis ganviTarebas.
• lokalur qmedebebs gaecnobian, Tu ra kavSiri hqonda baTums nobelebis,
globaluri Sedegebi rotSildebisa da rokfelerebis cnobil ojaxebTan.
SeiZleba mohyves; aseve imsjeleben, Tu ra roli iTamaSa da TamaSobs
• mdgradi ganviTarebis baTumis porti aWaris mosaxleobis cxovrebis gan
miznebis (socialuri, viTarebaSi, ganaTlebaSi, mosaxleobis ekonomikur
ekonomikuri, gare saqmianobasa da Tavad qalaqis popularizaciis pro
mosdacviTi da keTil cesSi; moswavleebi daadgenen baTumis portis tvirT
dReoba) Sesruleba brunvisa da mgzavrTbrunvis maCveneblebs. moswav
aucilebelia moma leebi resursebze muSaobis yvela etapze iniSnaven
vali Taobebis keTil maTTvis mniSvnelovan informacias kriteriumidan
dReobisTvis. gamomdinare.
N3.
moswavleebi naxuloben videofilms „baTumis por
tis terminali `foqs biznesze~ (ix. bmuli resurseb
Si) da iniSnaven informacias moxsenebisTvis. moswav
leebi saxelmZRvaneloze, resursebsa da filmze
dayrdnobiT argumentirebulad imsjeleben, eTanxme
bian Tu ara gamoTqmas: „Savi zRva saqarTvelosTvis
msoflio okeanis karibWe da gasaRebia“.
N4.
moswavleebi gaecnobian informacias „Savi zRvis
ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis (BSEC) organizaciis
wesdeba“ (ix. bmuli resursebSi) da masze dayrdnobiT
daadgenen Savi zRvis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis
(BSEC) organizaciis wevr qveynebs, maT funqcia-
movaleobebs, ekonomikuri saqmianobis sferoebs da
imsjeleben am qveynebisa da baTumis navsadguris gav
lenis Sesaxeb Savi zRvis ekologiur mdgomareobaze.
moswavleebi gansazRvraven baTumis portis Zlier da
sust mxareebsa da mis SesaZleblobebs.

moswavleebi warmoadgenen momzadebul moxsene
bas, aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs, romlebic
gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze muSobis dros, ra
daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra problemebsa da sirTuleebs
waawydnen, romlebsac momaval kompleqsur davale
baze muSaobisas gaiTvaliswineben.
resursebi:
baTumis navsadguri
https://www.batumiport.com/ge/generaluri_direqtoris_mimartva/
navsadguris_istoria/?748156796
Savi zRvis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis (BSEC)
organizaciis wesdeba
https://www.matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/
view/1484507?publication=0
74
rogoria baTumis portis tvirTbrunva pandemiis
pirobebSi?
https://forbes.ge/news/10246/rogoria-baTumis-portis-tvirTbrunva-
pandemiis-pirobebSi
saqarTvelos portebSi 2019 wels tvirTbrunva gai
zarda
https://imedinews.ge/ge/ekonomika/125593/saqartvelos-portebshi-
2019-tsels-tvirtbrunva-gaizarda
didi finansuri omi saqarTveloSi: nobelebi, rot
Sildebi da rokfelerebi
https://forbes.ge/news/158/didi-finansuri-omi-saqarTveloSi%3A-
nobelebi%2C-rotSildebi-da-rokfelerebi https://forbes.ge/news/1811/
yazaxeTidan-baTumamde
videofilmi „baTumis portis terminali `foqs
biznesze~
https://bm.ge/ka/article/batumis-portis-terminali-quotfoqs-biznesze-
quot/51613

geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: kolxeTis • ratom aqvs saerTaSo davalebis piroba:
analizi dablobi. riso mniSvneloba kolxeTis erovnuli
• geografiuli kvleva qvecnebebi: daculi ter kolxeTis erovnul parki, romelic 1999
bunebrivi da sazoga itoria, ekosistema parks da ra rols wels Seiqmna, kolxeTis
doebrivi movlenebisa TamaSobs saqarTvelos dablobze mdebareobs
da procesebis dak ekonomikaSi? da Savi zRvis aRmosav
virvebas, gaanali leT sanapiroze nabadi
zebasa da Seswavlas kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi sa da Wuriis ubnis
gulisxmobs; (aqtivobebi, resursebi): mimdebare akvatoriis
• geografiuli kvle nawilsa da paliasto
visTvis monace etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra mis tbis auzs moicavs.
mebis mopoveba sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri parki kolxeTis saerTa
SesaZlebelia sxva davalebis prezentacia) Soriso mniSvnelobis
dasxva movlenaze maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri mqone Warbteniani eko
uSualo dakvirvebiT, davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom sistemebis dacvisa da
sxvadasxva rukisa da kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad maT unda SenarCunebis mizniTaa
informaciis wyaros Seqmnan moxseneba, romelSic warmoaCenen kolxeTis Seqmnili. igi gamoirCeva
(cxrili, sqema, diag erovnuli parkis landSaftis mravalferovnebasa veluri florisa da fau
rama, grafiki, foto) da misi rols saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi, gaiazreben nis maRali biomravalfe
gamoyenebiT; kolxeTis ekologiur problemebsa da dasaxaven ga rovnebiT, endemuri da
• geografiuli kvlevis daWris gzebs. reliqturi saxeobebis
Sedegebi sxvadasxva maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac siuxviT.
formiT SeiZleba moxsenebaSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kriteri warmoidgine, rom
gamoisaxos (ruka, umebia. aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli mdgradi ganviTarebis
cxrili, grafiki, geografiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davale miznebis ganxorcielebis
diagrama, foto); baze muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geo garemosdacviTi mimar
• geografiul kvlevas grafiuli kvleva. Tulebis mkvlevari xar.
xSirad praqtikuli maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen, Seni mizania, Seiswavlo
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi xom ar gauCndaT kiTxvebi davalebis pirobasa da kri kolxeTis erovnuli
saSualebiT SeiZleba teriumebidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maTTvis parkis roli qveynis
sxvadasxva movle bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas. ganviTarebaSi. kvleva
nisa da procesis warmoadgine moxsenebis
Sedegebis progno saxiT.
zireba).
75
geografiuli garsi etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne moxsenebaSi xazgasmiT
• geografiuli garsi cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- warmoaCine:
Sedgeba geosferoebi modgenebis damuSaveba • kolxeTis erovnuli
sagan (liTosfero, parkis landSaftis
atmosfero, hidros aqtivobebi: Camoyalibebis
fero, biosfero), faqtorebi da maTi
romelsac axasiaTebs N1. mniSvneloba biomra
mTeli rigi kanonzo moswavleebi aanalizeben saqarTvelos fizi valferovnebaSi;
mierebebi; kur da orografiuli rukebs (rukebi ix. saxelmZ • kolxeTis erovnuli
• adamianebis wyalobiT RvaneloSi) da daadgenen kolxeTis dablobisa da parkis roli saqarT
yalibdeba noosfero erovnuli parkis geografiul mdebareobas, aseve velos ekonomikaSi;
(gonis sfero), rome kidev romeli daculi teritoriebi mdebareobs • kolxeTis erovnuli
lic zemoqmedebs sxva kolxeTis dablobze. parkis ekologiuri
geosferoebze. moswavleebi mocemuli teqstis (ix. teqsti re safrTxeebi.
sursebSi) gamoyenebiT gaecnobian kolxeTis erov gaasityve Seni kvleva.
mosaxleoba da meurneoba nuli parkis landSaftebs, florisa da faunis
• bunebrivi garemo gav reliqtur da endemur saxeobebs. aseve daadgenen,
lenas axdens mosax rogori klimaturi pirobebi axasiaTebs kolxeTis
leobasa da meur dablobs, rogoraa warmodgenili hidrografiuli
neobaze. sxvadasxva qseli da imsjeleben kolxeTis erovnuli parkis
qveyanaSi meurneobis landSaftebis Camoyalibebis ganmsazRvrel
esa Tu is dargia wam faqtorebsa da maT mniSvnelobaze parkis biomraval
yvani, rac Sromis geo ferovnebis CamoyalibebaSi.
grafiul danawilebas
ganapirobebs; N2.
• mosaxleobisa da moswavleebi gaecnobian parkis vebgverdze (ix.
meurneobis struqtu bmulebi resursebSi) mocemul informacias da
ra, ganawileba da daadgenen, turizmis romeli saxeobebia gavrcele
ganlageba cvalebadia buli kolxeTis erovnul parkSi, gaaanalizeben mnax
drosa da sivrceSi; velTa statistikas da daadgenen, ramdeni turisti
• saxelmwifo gavle stumrobs parks weliwadis droebisa da turizmis
nas axdens qveyanaSi saxeebis mixedviT (ekoturizmi; kulturuli turiz
mimdinare socialur- mi, berdvoCingi...). moZiebul informaciaze dayr
ekonomikur pro dnobiT moswavleebi imsjeleben erovnuli parkis
cesebze, rac mis mniSvnelobaze regionisa da qveynis ekonomikaSi,
ganviTarebis doneze aseve daadgenen, romeli ekologiuri safrTxeebi
aisaxeba. emuqreba kolxeTis erovnul parks da ra faqtorebi
ganapirobebs am problemebs. ganmartaven parkis gan
mdgradi ganviTareba viTarebis SesaZleblobebs mdgradi ganviTarebis
• lokalur qmedebebs principebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
globaluri Sedegebi saWiro monacemebs da informacias iniSnaven
SeiZleba mohyves; moxsenebaSi gamosayeneblad.
miznebis (socialuri, N3. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia
ekonomikuri, gare moswavleebi warmoadgenen momzadebul moxsene
mosdacviTi da keTil bas, aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs, rom
dReoba) Sesruleba lebic gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis
aucilebelia moma dros, ra daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra problemebi da
vali Taobebis keTil sirTuleebi SexvdaT, romlebsac momaval kompleq
dReobisTvis. sur davalebaze muSaobisas gaiTvaliswineben.
resursebi:
teqsti:
kolxeTis erovnuli parki, romelic 1999 wels
Seiqmna, kolxeTis dablobze mdebareobs da Savi
zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroze nabadisa da Wuriis
ubnis mimdebare akvatoriis nawils da paliastomis
76
tbis auzs moicavs. misi saerTo farTobi 44308,5 ha-
ia, romlidanac zRvis akvatoria 15276 ha-s Seadgens.
kolxeTis erovnul parki wyvetili teritoriebisgan
– ubnebisgan Sedgeba da anaklia-Wuriis (mdinareebis
Wuriisa da xobiswylis xeobebis zRvispira monakveT
ebs Soris), nabadasa (mdinareebis xobiswylis da
rionis xeobebis dasavleT monakveTebs Soris) da
imnaTis (mdinareebis rionis da sufsis xeobebis
dasavleT monakveTebs Soris) bunebriv geografiul
ubnebad iyofa. es is adgilebia, sadac Warbteniani
ekosistemebi yvelaze ukeTaa SemorCenili. amas
garda, erovnul parkSi Sedis rionsa da Wuriis
SesarTavebs Soris mdebare zRvis akvatoria.
parki kolxeTis saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis mqone
Warbteniani ekosistemebis dacvisa da SenarCunebis
mizniTaa Seqmnili. igi gamoirCeva veluri florisa
da faunis maRali biomravalferovnebiT, endemuri
da reliqturi saxeobebis siuxviT. aq warmodgenilia
sxvadasxva tipis landSaftebi, calkeuli ekosiste
mebi da cenozebi. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia:
kolxuri bza, lafani, kolxuri muxa, wifeli, wabli,
iSviaTi sfagnumebi, ungrenis Sqeri da pontos muxa.
kolxeTis dablobi im mniSvnelovani saxeobebis
TavSesafaria, romlebic gamyinvarebis periods
gadaurCnen. 1997 wlidan kolxeTis erovnuli parki
saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis daculi teritoriaa da
ramsaris saits warmoadgens, romelic miznad isaxavs
migrirebad, mimomfren da wyalmcurav frinvelTa
sabinadrod vargisi arealebis dacvas.
parkis geografiuli mdebareoba
https://apa.gov.ge/uploads/other/2/2766.pdf
77
https://bit.ly/3vLPwaE
saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneo
bis saministro
https://mepa.gov.ge/Ge/PublicInformation/17109
saqarTvelos erovnuli parkebi
https://nationalparks.ge/ka/site/kolxetinp
kolxeTis erovnuli parki
https://apa.gov.ge/ge/protected-areas/cattestone/kolxetis-erovnuli-
parkis-administracia
vizitorTa statistika
https://apa.gov.ge/ge/statistika/vizitorta-statistika
kolxeTis erovnuli parkis mniSvneloba ekoturiz
mis ganviTarebisTvis
https://bit.ly/3uzw3d6

geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: rioni. • ratomaa mdinare rioni
davalebis piroba:
analizi qvecnebebi: mdinaris mdinare rionis Sua
yvelaze wyaluxvi mdi
• geografiuli kvleva reJimi, wyalsacavi welze saqarTvelos
nare saqarTveloSi?
bunebrivi da sazoga sididiT meore qalaqi –
doebrivi movlenebisa kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi quTaisi mdebareobs. igi
da procesebis dak (aqtivobebi, resursebi): mdinaris orive napirze,
virvebas, gaanali zR.d. 150-300 metrzea
zebasa da Seswavlas etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra gaSenebuli.
gulisxmobs; sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri warmoidgine, rom
• geografiuli kvle davalebis prezentacia). monawileob quTaisis
visTvis monace maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri meriis mier gamocxade
mebis mopoveba davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom kom bul konkursSi, romlis
SesaZlebelia sxva pleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda Seqmnan mizania qalaqis popu
dasxva movlenaze maketi, romelSic unda warmoaCinon mdinare rionis larizacia da turis
uSualo dakvirvebiT, gavlena quTaisis urbanul maxasiaTeblebsa da mis tuli pavilionebis
sxvadasxva rukisa da ganviTarebaze, mdinarisa da qalaqis landSafturi mowyoba mdinare rionis
informaciis wyaros gardaqmna da gamoyeneba ekonomikis gaZlierebisaT sanapiroze. moamzade
(cxrili, sqema, diag vis. proeqti „rekreaciuli
rama, grafiki, foto) maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac pavilionebi rionis sana
gamoyenebiT; maketSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kriteriumebia; piroze – quTaisis popu
• geografiuli kvlevis aseve uxsnis, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli geografiu larizaciisTvis“. pro
Sedegebi sxvadasxva li kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davalebaze muSaobis eqti warmoadgine maketis
formiT SeiZleba dros da ras gulisxmobs geografiuli kvleva. saxiT.
gamoisaxos (ruka, maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen,
cxrili, grafiki, xom ar gauCndaT kiTxvebi davalebis pirobasa da maketSi xazgasmiT war-
diagrama, foto); kriteriumebidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maT moaCine:
• geografiul kvlevas Tvis bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTule • mdinare rionis
xSirad praqtikuli bas. reJimis gavlena mim
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi debare geografiul
saSualebiT SeiZleba etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne arealze;
sxvadasxva movle cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- • mdinare rionis roli
nisa da procesis modgenebis damuSaveba qalaq quTaisis dageg
Sedegebis progno marebasa da ganviTare
zireba). aqtivobebi: baSi;
• anTropogenuri zemoq
N1. medebis roli mdinare
moswavleebi gaaanalizeben saxelmZRvanelosa da rionis maxasiaTebleb
videofilmebs (videofilmebis bmulebi ix. ze;
78
geografiuli movlena, resursebSi) da Caatareben geografiul kvlevas ( ix. • anTropogenuri
geografiuli procesi moswavlis wigni), romlis drosac Seiswavlian mdin saqmianobis gavlena
• yvela geografiul are rionis auzs, rionis hidrografiul maxasiaTe mdinarisa da qalaqis
processa da movlenas blebs, wyaldidobisa da wyalmarCxobis periodebs ekologiaze.
sakuTari mizezi da da mdinare rionis kvebis wyaroebs. gaasityve Seni kvlevis
Sedegi aqvs da gansxva Sedegi.
vebuli xangrZlivo N2.
biT mimdinareobs; moswavleebi gaecnobian resursebSi mocemul
• geografiuli movle informacias (ix. resursebSi sagazeTo amonaridebi
nebisa da procesebis da bmulebi) da gansazRvraven mdinare rionis gavle
Sedegad yalibdeba da nas mimdebare teritoriaze; imsjeleben mdinare
gardaiqmneba dedami rionis mniSvnelobaze qalaq quTaisisTvis, rogorc
wis geografiuli istoriul warsulSi, ise dRes. daadgenen, rogor
garsi. mimdinareobda quTaisis ganaSenianebis procesi da
ra gavlenas axdenda rioni am procesze.
• bunebrivi garemo gav N3.
lenas axdens mosax mocemuli resursebis gaanalizebis Sedegad
leobasa da meur daadgenen, ra urTierTmimarTebaa mdinare rionsa da
neobaze. sxvadasxva anTropogenur saqmianobas Soris, ra gavlena moax
qveyanaSi meurneobis dina adamianma rionis kalapotis cvlilebaze da mis
esa Tu is dargia wam hidrografiul maxasiaTeblebze, rogor Seicvala
yvani, rac Sromis geo mdinare rionis wylis reJimi mas Semdeg, rac masze
grafiul danawilebas aSenda hesebi. moswavleebi imsjeleben, rogor
ganapirobebs; SeiZleba Seicvalos mdinaris maxasiaTeblebi da
• mosaxleobisa da kalapoti momavalSi.
meurneobis struqtu
ra, ganawileba da N4.
ganlageba cvalebadia moswavleebi quTaisis rukis gamoyenebiT (rukis
drosa da sivrceSi; bmulebi da fotoebi ix. resursebSi) moniSnaven
• saxelmwifo gavle qalaqSi rekreaciuli pavilionebis ganTavsebis ad
nas axdens qveyanaSi gilebs da Seqmnian Sesabamis maketebs.
mimdinare socialur-
ekonomikur pro N5. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia
cesebze, rac mis moswavleebi warmoadgenen Seqmnil makets, aseve
ganviTarebis doneze gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs, romlebic gaiares
aisaxeba. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis dros, ra daskvnebi
gamoitanes, ra problemebi da sirTuleebi SexvdaT,
mdgradi ganviTareba romlebsac momaval kompleqsur davalebaze muSao
• lokalur qmedebebs bisas gaiTvaliswineben.
globaluri Sedegebi
miznebis (socialuri, amonaridi sagazeTo statiebidan:
ekonomikuri, gare „quTaisSi mdinare rionis sanapiros dabinZureba
mosdacviTi da keTil gaaprotestes. samoqalaqo seqtoris warmomadgen
dReoba) Sesruleba lebma guSin jaWvis xidTan brifingi gamarTes da
aucilebelia moma sanapiros dabinZurebis faqtze isaubres. informa
vali Taobebis keTil cias ìnterpresniusi~ avrcelebs. maTi TqmiT, qala
dReobisTvis. qis istoriuli nawili, romelic turistebisTvis
erTgvar sanaxaobas unda warmoadgendes, dabinZure
bulia, rac qalaqis imijze cudad aisaxeba. isini
xelisuflebas meti qmediTi nabijis gadadgmisken
mouwodeben~.
79
`quTaisis istoriul nawilSi mdinare rionis
sanapiroebi saintereso lokaciaa turistebisTvis,
magram aq arsebuli mdgomareobis gamo, es adgili
amoRebulia turistuli marSrutidan, radgan
uxerxulia turistebis aq moyvana. aucilebelia,
sanapiros dasufTaveba da adgilobrivma xelisuf
lebam meti yuradReba unda gamoiCinos. marto Tu
ver axerxeben, daigegmos dasufTavebis aqciebi da
gavalT yvelani~.
rekreaciuli pavilionebi rionis sanapiroze – axali

proeqti quTaisis popularizaciisaTvis
https://droa.ge/?p=58167
iguebs Tu ara rioni onis hess
https://report.ge/economics/iguebs-tu-ara-rioni-onis-hess/
anTropogenuri faqtorebis zegavlena mdinare
rionis hidrografiul reJimze
http://conference.sens-2013.tsu.ge/
uploads/51d67d521cdadArsenidze_Irakli_PDF.pdf
videofilmebi:
rionis saTave, fasis mTa, myinvari edena
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBOQhh8m3Zg
rionis adidebis Sedegad daitbora quTaisis ram
denime quCa
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACvJ0R7hLoY
quTaisis ruka
https://www.city24.ge/ge/kutaisi/
https://www.visitkutaisi.com/images/map/Kutaisi_A4_ENG-1.pdf
quTaisi xedi Tanamgzavridan da qalaqis ruka
80
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: sfagnumiani • ra mniSvneloba aqvs davalebis piroba;
analizi Waobebi (ramsaris konven Warbtenian terito Warbteniani terito
• geografiuli kvleva cia). riebs? riebi anu wyal-Waobiani
bunebrivi da sazoga qvecnebebi: Warbteniani • riT gamoirCeva sfag adgili mudmivad an
doebrivi movlenebisa teritoriebi numiani Waobebi? sezonurad datborili
da procesebis dak adgilia da damoukide
virvebas, gaanali kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi bel ekosistemas war
zebasa da Seswavlas (aqtivobebi, resursebi): moadgens. Warbteniani
gulisxmobs; teritoriebi mTeli
• geografiuli kvle etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra xmeleTis 6% moicavs da
visTvis monace sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri TiTqmis yvelgan gvxvde
mebis mopoveba davalebis prezentacia) ba, tundriT dawyebuli
SesaZlebelia sxva maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri tropikebiTY damTavre
dasxva movlenaze davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom buli.
uSualo dakvirvebiT, kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda 2 Tebervali Warbteni
sxvadasxva rukisa da Seqmnan deklaracia, romelSic unda warmoaCinon ani teritoriebis saer
informaciis wyaros sfagnumiani Waobebis mniSvneloba ekosistemebis TaSoriso dRea.
(cxrili, sqema, diag CamoyalibebaSi da misi roli qveynis ekonomikaSi. warmoidgine, rom
rama, grafiki, foto) maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac garemos dacviTi im moZ
gamoyenebiT; deklaraciaSi unda warmoaCinon, aris Sefasebis kri raobis warmomadgeneli
• geografiuli kvlevis teriumebi; aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli xar, romelic dedamiwaze
Sedegebi sxvadasxva geografiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davale Warbtenian terito
formiT SeiZleba baze muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geo riebs icavs. Seni mizania,
gamoisaxos (ruka, grafiuli kvleva; ramsaris konvenciis
cxrili, grafiki, maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen safuZvelze moamzado
diagrama, foto); davalebis pirobidan da kriteriumebidan gamomdin deklaracia Waobebisa da
• geografiul kvlevas are Tu aqvT kiTxvebi, an Tu aris raime maTTvis bun sfagnumis dacvis mizniT.
xSirad praqtikuli dovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas.
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi deklaraciaSi xazgasmiT
saSualebiT SeiZleba warmoaCine:
sxvadasxva movlenisa • bunebrivi faqtore
da procesis Sedegebis bis roli Waobebis
prognozireba). CamoyalibebaSi;
81
geografiuli garsi etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne • sfagnumiani Waobebis
• geografiuli garsi cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- dacvis mniSvneloba;
Sedgeba geosferoeb modgenebis damuSaveba • sfagnumiani Waobebis
isagan (liTosfero, roli qveynis meurneo
atmosfero, hidros aqtivobebi: bis ganviTarebaSi.
fero, biosfero), gaasityve Seni kvleva.
romelsac axasiaTebs N1. gaacani megobrebs
mTeli rigi kanonzo moswavleebi gaaanalizeben saqarTvelos fizi Seni konvencia.
mierebebi; kur da orografiul rukebs (rukebi ix. saxelmZRva
• adamianebis wyalobiT neloSi), adgenen Waobebis gavrcelebis arealebs da
yalibdeba noosfero aRniSnaven maT saqarTvelos konturul rukaze.
(gonis sfero), rome
lic zemoqmedebs sxva N2.
geosferoebze. moswavleebi gaaanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi
mocemul teqstsa da rukebs, aseve resursebSi
mosaxleoba da meurneoba mocemul informacias (bmulebi ix. resursebSi) da
• bunebrivi garemo gav adgenen, romeli faqtorebi ganapirobebs Waobebis
lenas axdens mosax warmoqmnas, ra aris sfagnumi da riT gansxvavdeba
leobasa da meur sfagnumiani Waobebi sxva Warbteniani teritoriebis
neobaze. sxvadasxva gan.
vani, rac Sromis geo moswavleebi ecnobian ramsaris konvencias (ix.
grafiul danawilebas bmuli resursebSi) da msjeloben mis rolze biomra
ganapirobebs; valferovnebisa da, konkretulad, Warbteniani
• mosaxleobisa da teritoriebis SenarCunebis saqmeSi, ramsaris
meurneobis struqtu saitebis mniSvnelobaze, sfagnumiani Waobebis samec
ra, ganawileba da niero mniSvnelobaze; gaanalizebul informaciaze
ganlageba cvalebadia dayrdnobiT, moswavleebi ayalibeben Tezisebs da
drosa da sivrceSi; deklAaraciis punqtebs, Tu ratom unda davicvaT
• saxelmwifo gavle Waobebi.
mimdinare socialur- N4. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia
ekonomikur pro moswavleebi warmoadgenen Sedgenil deklara
cesebze, rac mis cias, aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs, rom
ganviTarebis doneze lebic gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis
aisaxeba. dros; ganmartaven, ra daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra
problemebi da sirTuleebi SEexvdaT, romleb
mdgradi ganviTareba sac momaval kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobisas
• lokalur qmedebebs gaiTvaliswineben.
globaluri Sedegebi
miznebis (socialuri, sfagnumi – meyvavileTa Seudarebeli damxmare
ekonomikuri, gare https://yvavilebismovla.ge/movla/130-sfagnumi-meyvavileta-sheu-
mosdacviTi da keTil fasebeli-damxmare.html#
dReoba) Sesruleba ispanis Waobebi
aucilebelia moma https://georgiantravelguide.com/ka/ispanis-chaobebi
vali Taobebis keTil kolxuri tyeebi da Warbteniani teritoriebi,
dReobisTvis. saqarTvelo
https://apa.gov.ge/ge/unesco
82
2 Tebervali – msoflio Warbteniani teritoriebis
dacvis dRe
https://sabuko.ge/ge/2-%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%
E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9
A%E1%83%98-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%8
3%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%AD%E
1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%A2/
kolxeTis dablobis Warbteniani teritoriebi da
maTi dabinZurebis wyaroebi
https://www.greens.ge/storage/publications/August2020/jxF6dzm-
f4xpXQuWJspuS.pdf
konvencia saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis Warbteniani
teritoriebis Sesaxeb
https://bit.ly/3hhCxK9
videofilmi – ispanis Waobi safrTxis winaSe
https://ajaratv.ge/article/34480

geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: sufsis navTob • ra mniSvneloba aqvs
davalebis piroba:
analizi terminali. warmoidgine,
sufsis navTobtermi
• geografiuli kvleva qvesakiTxebi: milsadeni, rom adgilobrivi
nals saqarTvelos
bunebrivi da sazoga ekonomika Tvis? TviTmmarTvelobis war
doebrivi movlenebisa momadgeneli xar da Sens
da procesebis dak kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi qalaqSi navTobtermina
virvebas, gaanali (aqtivobebi, resursebi): lis mSeneblobas apire
zebasa da Seswavlas ben, rasac mosaxleobis
gulisxmobs; etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra nawili ewinaaRmdegeba.
• geografiuli kvle sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri maTi TqmiT, terminalis
visTvis monace davalebis prezentacia) mSenebloba qalaqs did
mebis mopoveba maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri ekologiur safrTxes
SesaZlebelia sxva davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom kom Seuqmnis. Seni mizania,
dasxva movlenaze pleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda moamza mosaxleobas auxsna,
uSualo dakvirvebiT, don sajaro gamosvla, romelSic unda warmoaCinon rom terminalis mSeneb
sxvadasxva rukisa da sufsis navTobterminalis gavlena mosaxleobis loba qalaqs axal SesaZ
informaciis wyaros sameurneo saqmianobaze, qveynis ekonomikis ganviTa leblobebs moutans. Seni
(cxrili, sqema, diag rebasa da ekologiuri problemebis warmoqmnaze. poziciis gamosaxatavad
rama, grafiki, foto) aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli geogra migiwvies televiziaSi.
gamoyenebiT; fiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davalebaze muSa ganixile sufsis termi
• geografiuli kvlevis obis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geografiuli nalis magaliTi da
Sedegebi sxvadasxva kvleva. moamzade teqsti sajaro
formiT SeiZleba maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen, gamosvlisTvis.
gamoisaxos (ruka, davalebis pirobasa da kriteriumebidan gamomdin
cxrili, grafiki, are, Tu gauCndaT kiTxvebi, an Tu aris raime maTTvis sajaro gamosvlaSi xaz-
diagrama, foto); bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas. gasmiT warmoaCine:
• geografiul kvlevas • terminalis roli
xSirad praqtikuli etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne qveynis meurneobis
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- ganviTarebaSi;
saSualebiT SeiZleba modgenebis damuSaveba • terminalis mniSvne
sxvadasxva movle loba mosaxleobis
nisa da procesis aqtivobebi: cxovrebis donis amaR
Sedegebis prognozi lebisTvis;
reba). N1.
moswavleebi gaaanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi
mocemul informacias da msjeloben, ra daniSnule
ba aqvs terminals, rogor icvleba satranzito
83
mosaxleoba da meurneoba navTobis moculoba 2007-2018 wlebSi, romeli nav • terminalis roli
• bunebrivi garemo gav Tobsadeni gadis saqarTvelos teritoriaze da ra ekologiuri proble
lenas axdens mosax mniSvneloba aqvs mas qveynis ekonomikis ganviTare mebis wonasworobis
leobasa da meur basa da mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis SecvlisTvis. darRvevaSi.
neobaze. sxvadasxva gaasityve Seni kvleva.
qveyanaSi meurneobis N2.
esa Tu is dargia wamy moswavleebi daadgenen terminalis mSeneblobis
vani, rac Sromis geo Zlier da sust mxareebs; gamoTqvamen varaudebs ter
grafiul danawilebas minalis aSenebis Sedegad warmoqmnil safrTxeebsa
ganapirobebs; da SesaZleblobebze; daadgenen meurneobis dargebs,
• mosaxleobisa da romelTa ganviTarebasac gamoiwvevs terminalis mSen
meurneobis struqtu ebloba; yulevisa da sufsis terminalebis magaliTze
ra, ganawileba da imsjeleben, rogor ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs qveynis
ganlageba cvalebadia ekonomikuri ganviTareba da garemos dacva.
drosa da sivrceSi;
• saxelmwifo gavle N3.
nas axdens qveyanaSi moswavleebi gaecnobian saxelmZRvaneloSi moce
mimdinare socialur- mul SemTxvevis analizs da imsjeleben iq dasmul
ekonomikur pro kiTxvebze. argumentirebulad ganixilaven, SeZlebs
cesebze, rac mis Tu ara saqarTvelo, SeinarCunos Tavisi satranzi
ganviTarebis doneze to funqcia, ganviTarebis axal etapze gadavides
aisaxeba. da ra aris amisTvis saWiro. aseve imsjeleben, Tu
ra ekologiur problemebs warmoSobs terminalis
mdgradi ganviTareba mSenebloba da rogor SeiZleba maTi mogvareba.
• lokalur qmedebebs
globaluri Sedegebi N4. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia
SeiZleba mohyves; moswavleebi warmoadgenen momzadebul sajaro
• mdgradi ganviTarebis gamosvlis teqsts, aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im
miznebis (socialuri, etapebs, romlebic gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze
ekonomikuri, gare muSaobis dros; ganmartaven, ra daskvnebi gamoi
mosdacviTi da keTil tanes, ra problemebi da sirTuleebi SexvdaT, rom
dReoba) Sesruleba lebsac momaval kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobisas
aucilebelia moma gaiTvaliswineben.
vali Taobebis keTil
dReobisTvis. resursebi:
saxelmZRvanelo
saqarTvelos portebi da tvirTbrunva
https://forbes.ge/news/5940/portireba-meoce-saukunemde
ratom aris Semcirebuli tvirTbrunva?
https://forbes.ge/news/5940/portireba-meoce-saukunemde
sufsis navTobterminali
https://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/a/ekonomika/28024218.html
yulevis terminali
http://greenalt.org/old/map/text/kulevi_oil_terminal/kulevi_oil_termi-
nal.htm
saqarTvelos portebi
https://forbes.ge/news/188/saqarTvelos-portebi
84
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: hidroenerge • ratomaa mniSvnelova davalebis piroba:
analizi tika ni hidroenergetikis nenskras hidroe
• geografiuli kvleva qvecnebebi: wyalsacavi, ganviTareba saqarT leqtrosadguri erT-
bunebrivi da sazoga eleqtroenergia velosTvis? erTia im 35 eleqtro
doebrivi movlenebisa sadgurs Soris, romlis
da procesebis dak kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi mSeneblobac dagegmilia
virvebas, gaanali (aqtivobebi, resursebi): zemo svaneTSi.
zebasa da Seswavlas warmoidgine, rom
gulisxmobs; etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra erT-erTi televiziis
• geografiuli kvle sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri Jurnalisti xar da
visTvis monace davalebis prezentacia). reportaJs amzadeb nens
mebis mopoveba maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri krahesze – saTauriT
SesaZlebelia sxva davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom kom „aSendes Tu ara nensk
dasxva movlenaze pleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda Seqmnan rahesi da ras moutans
uSualo dakvirvebiT, satelevizio reportaJi, romelSic unda warmoaCi is regions da saqarTve
sxvadasxva rukisa da non hidroenergiis roli saqarTvelos ganviTarebis los?“
informaciis wyaros procesSi; axali hesebis mSeneblobiT gamowveuli
(cxrili, sqema, diag ekologiuri problemebi. reportaJSi xazgasmiT
rama, grafiki, foto) maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac warmoaCine:
gamoyenebiT; reportaJSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kriteriu • hidroenergiis roli
• geografiuli kvlevis mebia; aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli geog qveynis ganviTarebis
Sedegebi sxvadasxva rafiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davalebaze procesSi;
formiT SeiZleba muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geografi • hidroeleqtrosad
gamoisaxos (ruka, uli kvleva. guris mSeneblobiT
cxrili, grafiki, maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen, gamowveuli SesaZlo
diagrama, foto); davalebis pirobasa da kriteriumebidan gamomdina riskebi da safrTxeebi.
• geografiul kvlevas re, Tu gauCndaT kiTxvebi, an Tu aris raime maTTvis
xSirad praqtikuli bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas.
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi
saSualebiT SeiZleba etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne
sxvadasxva movle cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war-
nisa da procesis modgenebis damuSaveba
Sedegebis progno
zireba). aqtivobebi:

• bunebrivi garemo gav moswavleebi aanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi
lenas axdens mosax mocemul sqemas (ix. saxelmZRvanelo), teqsts
leobasa da meur „hidroenergiis top 5 upiratesoba“ ( teqstis bmuli
neobaze. sxvadasxva ix. resursebSi), gansazRvraven hidroenergetikis
qveyanaSi meurneobis xuT ZiriTad upiratesobas da msjeloben TiToeuli
esa Tu is dargia wamy maTganis marTebulobaze.
vani, rac Sromis geo
grafiul danawilebas N2.
ganapirobebs; moswavleebi gaaanalizeben teqstebs – „miTebi da
• mosaxleobisa da realoba hesebis Sesaxeb“ da „ramdenad mravalfero
meurneobis struqtu vania sargebeli, romelic mravalfunqciur kaSx
ra, ganawileba da lebs moaqvT“ (bmulebi ix. resursebSi) da daadgenen
ganlageba cvalebadia hidroeleqtrosadguris mSeneblobis Zlier da
drosa da sivrceSi; sust mxareebs, safrTxeebsa da SesaZleblobebs.
• saxelmwifo gavle imsjeleben, rogor Secvlis da ra zians moutans
nas axdens qveyanaSi hidroeleqtrosadguri adgilobriv garemos. muSao
mimdinare socialur- bis procesSi isini maTTvis mniSvnelovan informa
ekonomikur cias iniSnaven.
85
procesebze, rac mis N3.
ganviTarebis doneze moswavleebi saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul
aisaxeba. informaciaze dayrdnobiT, imsjeleben Cvens
qveyanaSi eleqtroenergiis deficitis warmoqmnis
mdgradi ganviTareba ZiriTad mizezebsa da hidroenergetikis garda,
• lokalur qmedebebs sxva alternatiuli energoresursebis gamoyenebis
globaluri Sedegebi SesaZleblobebis perspeqtivebze. isini ecnobian
SeiZleba mohyves; videofilms „energetikis wyaroebis ganaxleba“
• mdgradi ganviTarebis (filmis bmuli ix. resursebSi) da msjeloben ener
miznebis (socialuri, giis alternatiuli wyaroebis gamoyenebis mniSvne
ekonomikuri, gare lobaze.
mosdacviTi da keTil
dReoba) Sesruleba N4.
aucilebelia moma moswavleebi ecnobian saxelmZRvaneloSi moce
vali Taobebis keTil mul SemTxvevis analizs (ix. saxelmZRvanelo),
dReobisTvis. pasuxoben TandarTul kiTxvebs da msjeloben
hidroeleqtrosadguris aSenebis saWiroebasa da
safrTxeebze. moswavleebi ecnobian masalebs nensk
rahesis Sesaxeb (masalebis bmulebi ix. resursebSi),
naxuloben videofilms „nenskrahesi (filmis bmuli
ix. resursebSi), iniSnaven saWiro informacias da
amzadeben masalebs reportaJisTvis.

moswavleebi warmoadgenen momzadebul repor
taJs, aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs, rom
dros; ganmartaven, ra daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra
problemebi da sirTuleebi SexvdaT, romlebsac
momaval kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobisas gaiT
valiswineben.
resursebi:
miTebi da realoba hesebis Sesaxeb

https://on.ge/story/57563-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%
E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98-
%E1%83%93%E1%83%90-%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%
90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90-%E1%
83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E
1%83%98%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1
%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%91
ramdenad mravalferovania sargebeli, romelic
mravalfunqciur kaSxlebs moaqvT
https://bit.ly/3xZ7WqD
nenskra hesi
https://greenalt.org/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1
%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90-%E1%83%B0
%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98/
nenskra hesi
https://on.ge/about/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1
%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90-%E1%83%B0
%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98
hidroenergiis top 5 upiratesoba
http://energyplatform.ge/show_news.php?id_news=320
86
videofilmebi:
„energetikis wyaroebis ganaxleba“
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Y3v3pjFvsU
nenskra hesi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGlJ2ERonTI

geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: sarkineTi • ram ganapiroba meta
davalebis piroba:
analizi qvecnebebi: metalurgia lurgiis ganviTareba metalurgiis ganvi
• geografiuli kvleva sarkineTSi? Tarebas saqarTveloSi
bunebrivi da sazoga didi xnis istoria aqvs.
doebrivi movlenebisa kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi warmoidgine, rom saqarT
da procesebis dak (aqtivobebi, resursebi): velos erovnul muzeumSi
virvebas, gaanali muSaob da samecniero
zebasa da Seswavlas etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra konferenciisTvis saqar
gulisxmobs; sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri TveloSi metalurgiis
• geografiuli kvle davalebis prezentacia) ganviTarebis istoriis
visTvis monace maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri Sesaxeb samecniero sta
mebis mopoveba davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom kom tias amzadeb.
SesaZlebelia sxva pleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda daweron
dasxva movlenaze samecniero statia, romelSic unda warmoaCinon me statiaSi xazgasmiT war-
uSualo dakvirvebiT, talurgiis ganviTarebis istoria da perspeqtivebi. moaCine:
sxvadasxva rukisa da maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac • metalurgiis ganvi
informaciis wyaros moxsenebaSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kriteriu Tarebis istoria da
(cxrili, sqema, diag mebia; aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli geo roli qveynis ganvi
rama, grafiki, foto) grafiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davalebaze TarebaSi;
gamoyenebiT; muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geografi • metalurgiis ganviTa
• geografiuli kvlevis uli kvleva. rebis perspeqtivebi;
Sedegebi sxvadasxva maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen • ekologiuri proble
formiT SeiZleba davalebis pirobasa da kriteriumebidan gamomdin mebis gadaWris gzebi.
gamoisaxos (ruka, are, Tu gauCndaT kiTxvebi, an Tu aris raime maTTvis gaasityve Seni kvleva.
cxrili, grafiki, bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas.
diagrama, foto);
• geografiul kvlevas etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne
xSirad praqtikuli cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war-
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi modgenebis damuSaveba
saSualebiT SeiZleba
sxvadasxva movle aqtivobebi:
nisa da procesis
Sedegebis progno N1.
zireba). moswavleebi gaaanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi
mocemul SemTxvevis analizs, gaecnobian Savi meta
mosaxleoba da meurneoba lurgiis dargs: ra nedleuls iyenebs; rogoria meta
• bunebrivi garemo gav lurgiuli procesi; ra saxis produqcia mzaddeba da
lenas axdens mosax risTvis gamoiyeneba; rogoria dargis ganviTarebis
leobasa da meur istoria; ra wvilili SEehqonda rkinis mopovebasa
neobaze. sxvadasxva da damuSavebas im periodSi regionis ganviTare
qveyanaSi meurneobis baSi; romeli geografiuli procesebi SeiniSneboda
esa Tu is dargia wamy imdroindeli raWis sarkineTSi.
vani, rac Sromis geog
rafiul danawilebas
ganapirobebs;
87
meurneobis struqtu moswavleebi gaaanalizeben saxelmZRvanelosa da
ra, ganawileba da resursebSi mocemul teqstebs – „metalurgiis saTa
ganlageba cvalebadia veebTan“, „saqarTveloSi metalurgiis ganviTarebis
drosa da sivrceSi; uaxlesi istoria“ (teqstis bmulebi ix. resursebSi)
• saxelmwifo gavle da daadgenen, kidev sad iyo ganviTarebuli saqarT
nas axdens qveyanaSi veloSi metalurgia da romel mxareSia sofeli
mimdinare socialur- sarkineTi. isini gamoTqvamen mosazrebebs, ukavSird
ekonomikur pro eboda Tu ara erTmaneTs saqarTvelos sxvadasxva
cesebze, rac mis regionSi mdebare imdroindeli rkinis damamuSave
ganviTarebis doneze beli metalurgiuli kerebi.
aisaxeba.
N3.
mdgradi ganviTareba moswavleebi saxelmZRvanelosa da videofilmis
• lokalur qmedebebs (ix. videofilmis bmuli resursebSi) gamoyenebiT
globaluri Sedegebi daadgenen, rogoria Tanamedrove metalurgiuli
SeiZleba mohyves; warmoebis procesi, ra msgavseba-gansxvavebaa meta
• mdgradi ganviTarebis lurgiuli warmoebis istoriul da Tanamedrove
miznebis (socialuri, process Soris, imsjeleben metalurgiis ganviTare
ekonomikuri, gare bis perspeqtivebze.
mosdacviTi da keTil
dReoba) Sesruleba N4. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia
aucilebelia moma moswavleebi warmoadgenen momzadebul samecnie
vali Taobebis keTil ro statias, aseve isaubreben kvlevis im etapebis
dReobisTvis. Sesaxeb, romlebic gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze
muSaobis dros; ganmartaven, ra daskvnebi gamoi
tanes, ra problemebi da sirTuleebi SexvdaT, rom
lebsac momaval kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobisas
gaiTvaliswineben.
resursebi:
iaraRis qarTveli ostatebi, rkinis abjari saqarT

veloSi
http://www.georgians-weapons.com/sxvadasxva.htm
metalurgiis saTaveebTan
http://mmi.ge/print:page,1,15-metalurgiis-sathaveebthan.html
saqarTveloSi metalurgiis ganviTarebis uaxlesi
istoria
http://mmi.ge/10036-saqarthveloshi-metalurgiis-ganvitharebis-
uakhlesi-istoria.html
rusTavis metalurgiuli qarxana warmadobas zrdis
https://netgazeti.ge/business/25454/
videofilmi: „rusTavis metalurgiuli qarxana“

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahPmxASdt6I
teqsti:
akaki wereTeli werda: „dResac aris CvenSi, raWis
mazraSi erTi mTa. guli rkinis madnisa aqvs da uxso
vari droidan irgvliv mcxovrebni mWedlobis mets
aras akeTeben. am mTas hqvia wedisi (onis municipali
ti) anu „Wedisi“ (ak. wereTlis krebuli, 1897 w).
88
im dros wedisis rkina moixmareboda ara marto
raWaSi, aramed is gahqondaT rogorc saqarTvelos
sxva raionebSi, aseve Crdilo kavkasiaSic. damaxasia
Tebelia is viTarebac, rom wedisis rkinis warmoebis
saqmeSi CarTulebi iyvnen ara marto adgilobrivi
mcxovreblebi, aramed sxva soflebidan mosuli
xalxic. damuSavebis procesi sezonuri xasiaTis iyo
(ZiriTad samuSao periods warmoadgenda Semodgoma
da zamTari).
vaxuSti bagrationi araerTgzis miuTiTebs
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva punqtSi (sarkineTi, dmanisi,
wedisi da sxv.) rkinis arsebobasa da mopovebaze: „aq
iTxrebis liToni rkinisa“. ufro gvian cnobili mec
nieri da mogzauri giuldenStedti wedisze (raWa)
wers: àm sofelTan amtvreven msxvil, wiTel rkina
qvas. sammagi gamodnobis Semdeg Rebuloben rkinas,
romlisganac akeTeben namglebs, najaxebs, guTans,
saxniss, jaWvebs qvabebisaTvis da misTanebs, agreTve
cvlian kaxeTSi da sxvagan pirutyvze, xorbalze da
misTanebze~ (`giuldenStedtis mogzauroba saqarT
veloSi~. gv. 105).
amave periodis arqeologiuri monacemebi
yuradRebas ipyrobs imiT, rom saqarTveloSi fiq
sirdeba liTonis gamolRobisa da damuSavebis
Zalian maRali xarisxi. magaliTad SeiZleba moviyva
noT samTavro (mcxeTis r-ni). am adgilebSi iyo
ganlagebuli rkinis sawarmoebi, aqve iyideboda da
SesaZlebelia, swored aqedan xdeboda am nakeTobaTa
eqsportireba (sur. 5). am nakeTobebis ulamaze
si dizaini da Sesrulebis xarisxi gadaecemoda
Taobidan Taobas, rac TavisTavad xels uwyobda ad
gilobrivi madnis mompovebelTa, metalurgebisa da
xelosnebis mdidari tradiciebis SenarCunebas. unda
aRvniSnoT, rom, rogorc Cans, qarTveluri tomebi
saTvis Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo iaraRis arseboba
da aqedan gamomdinare, misi damzadebac. es tomebi
uZvelesi droidan sxvadasxva saxeobis Subebs (sur.1)
amzadebdnen da iyenebdnen. berZeni istorikosebis
cnobebiT, kolxebs mokle Subebi hqondaT, xolo
mosxebs (mesxebs) da xalibebs (qarTveluri tome
bia) – grZeli.
89

აფხაზეთი
warmoidgine, rom Seni ojaxi afxazeTidan devnilia. zafxulobiT

ufleba gaqvs, garkveuli periodiT Caxvide da moinaxulo bebia, romelic
afxazeTSi cxovrobs. yovel zafxuls sixaruliT elodebi mSobliur
mxaresTan Sexvedras. Sens megobrebs arasodes unaxavT afxazeTi, amitom
Zalian ainteresebT da bevri SekiTxvac uCndebaT.
Seni mizania, megobrebs gaacno da Seayvaro mSobliuri mxare. amisaT
vis Seagrove saWiro resursi da moamzade ilustrirebuli bukleti.
ილუსტრირებულ ბუკლეტში ხაზგასმით წარმოაჩინე:
• endogenuri da egzogenuri procesebis roli afxazeTis reliefis

CamoyalibebaSi;
• afxazeTis geografiuli mdebareobis roli bunebrivi pirobebis for
mirebis procesSi;
• afxazeTis bunebrivi pirobebis roli mosaxleobis yofa-cxovrebasa
da meurneobis dargobriv struqturaSi;
• adamianis gavlena afxazeTis bunebriv pirobebze.
gaacani ilustrirebuli bukleti megobrebs.
• gaecani afxazeTis bunebriv pirobebs: reliefis formebs, tbebsa da

mdinareebs, klimats;
• axseni reliefisa da mravalferovani bunebrivi pirobebis Camoyali
bebis faqtorebi;
• daadgine afxazeTis teritoriaze arsebuli qalaqebi, kurortebi da
turistul-rekreaciuli resursebi, daculi teritoriebi.
90
• gaecani afxazeTis meurneobis specializaciis dargebs;
• moiZie afxazeTidan devnili ojaxebi da aiRe maTgan interviu;
• interviuSi yuradReba gaamaxvile devnili ojaxebis kavSirze afxa
zeTSi darCenil naTesav-megobrebTan;
• imsjele, ra perspeqtivebi arsebobs afxazeTTan urTierTobis dasa
regulireblad;
• afxazeTis konturul rukaze aRniSne avtonomiuri respublikis mniS
vnelovani fizikur -geografiuli obieqtebi, qalaqebi da kurortebi.
saqarTvelos mTavroba
http://gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=geo&sec_id=213
http://www.ganakhleba.ge/ka/region/1
afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis mTavroba

http://www.abkhazia.gov.ge/page/zogadiMimoxilva
https://scara.gov.ge/en/2010-03-17-12-47-30/history/51-afkhazethis-mokle-
istoriuli-cnoba.html
https://factcheck.ge/ka/story/29325-aphkhazethshi-demographiuli-vitharebis-
mkhriv-sakmaod-mdzime-mdgomareobaa-praqtikulad-demographiuli-uphskruli-
saken-mieqanebian
ra unda naxos afxazeTSi Casulma turistma

https://bit.ly/2R3JDXQ
afxazeTi dRes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTA4OuorsJs
• gamoiyene Tu ara Seni codna ilustrirebuli bukletis momzadebisas?

• ramdenad saintereso ilustrirebuli bukleti moamzade?
• Tavidan rom dagewyo davalebaze muSaoba, ras Secvlidi da rogor?
• ra gancdebi geufleboda muSaobis procesSi?
91
Tema: aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo (Tbilisi, Sida qarTli, qvemo qarTli, kaxeTi, mcxeTa-mTianeTi)
saaTebis savaraudo raodenoba: 20 (+4) sT

• aRmosavleTi kavkasioni (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli movlena, geo
grafiuli procesi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba; mdgradi ganviTareba);
• eldaris dablobi (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli garsi; mdgradi ganvi
Tareba);
• kazreTis sabadoebi (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba; mdgra
di ganviTareba);
• alazani (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli movlena, geografiuli pro
cesi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba; mdgradi ganviTareba);
• mdinare duruji da mdinare kabala (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli mov
lena, geografiuli procesi; mdgradi ganviTareba).
• lagodexis nakrZali (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli garsi; mosaxleoba
da meurneoba; mdgradi ganviTareba);
• mTisa da baris mcxovrebni (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli movlena,
geografiuli procesi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba);
• meRvineoba; (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba);
• Tbilisi (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli garsi; geografiuli movlena,
geografiuli procesi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba; mdgradi ganviTareba).

• aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mdebareobs Camqrali • romeli Camqrali vulkani mdebareobs aRmosav
vulkani – myinvarwveri; leT saqarTveloSi?
• aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva tipis havas • ratom gamoirCeva aRmosavleT saqarTvelo havis
vxvdebiT; mravalferovnebiT?
• aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo gamoirCeva yurZnisa • ratom gamoirCeva aRmosavleT saqarTvelo yur
da xorblis unikaluri da endemuri jiSebisa da Znisa da xorblis jiSebis mravalferovnebiT?
saxeobebis mravalferovnebiT; • rogor Camoyalibda Tbilisis qvabuli da ra
• Tbilisi gaSenebulia mtkvris terasebze da mTe gavlena moaxdina reliefma qalaqis ganaSeniane
biTaa garSemortymuli; baze?
• mdinare mtkvari sam qveyanaSi gaedineba; • ra gavlena aqvs mdinare mtkvars im qveynebze,
• mosaxleoba mimdebare qalaqebsa da soflebidan romlebSic gaedineba?
yoveldRiurad migrirebs TbilisSi; • ratom Camodis mosaxleoba TbilisSi yovel
• aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi moipoveben ferad dRiurad mimdebare dasaxlebuli punqtebidan?
liTonebsa da saSen masalebs; • ra rols asrulebs feradi liTonebisa da saSeni
• aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi xelsayreli pirobebia masalebis mopoveba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
mecxvareobis ganviTarebisTvis; ekonomikaSi?
• Sida qarTli gamoirCeva mexileobiTa da mebaR • ratomaa ganviTarebuli mecxvareoba aRmosavleT
CeobiT; saqarTveloSi?
• qvemo qarTli gamoirCeva Sobadobis maRali koe • ra gavlenas axdens mexileoba da mebaRCeoba
ficientiT; Sida qarTlis mosaxleobis cxovrebasa da meur
• aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi xSiria Rvarcofebi. neobaze?
• ratom aris Sobadobis maRali maCvenebeli qvemo
qarTlSi?
• ratom aris aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi xSiri
Rvarcofebi?
• ris gageba SemiZlia aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
Sesaxeb rukis gamoyenebiT?
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Sesaswavlad?
92
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: aRmosavleTi • ra saxis stiqiuri davalebis piroba:
analizi kavkasioni. bunebrivi procese warmoidgine, rom xar
• geografiuli kvleva qvecnebebi: orografiu bia damaxasiaTebeli turistuli saagentos
bunebrivi da sazoga li erTeuli. aRmosavleT saqarT TanamSromeli. Seni miza
doebrivi movlenebisa velosTvis da rogor nia, moamzado sareklamo
da procesebis dak umklavdebian maT? rgoli aRmosavleT
virvebas, gaanali kavkasionis Sesaxeb.
zebasa da Seswavlas kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi
gulisxmobs; (aqtivobebi, resursebi): sareklamo rgolSi xaz-
• geografiuli kvle gasmiT warmoaCine:
visTvis monace etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra • endogenuri da egzoge
mebis mopoveba sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri nuri procesebis roli
SesaZlebelia sxva davalebis prezentacia). aRmosavleT kavkasi
dasxva movlenaze maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri onis reliefis Camo
uSualo dakvirvebiT, davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom kom yalibebis procesSi;
sxvadasxva rukisa da pleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda Seqmnan • bunebrivi pirobebis
informaciis wyaros sareklamo rgoli, romelSic unda warmoaCinon gavlena adgilobrivi
(cxrili, sqema, diag aRmosavleTi kavkasionis CamoyalibebaSi monawile mosaxleobis yofa-
rama, grafiki, foto) endogenuri da egzogenuri Zalebis moqmedebis cxovrebaze;
gamoyenebiT; Sedegebi, bunebrivi pirobebis gavlena da mdgradi • aRmosavleT kavkasio
• geografiuli kvlevis ganviTarebis perspeqtiva. nis mdgradi ganvi
Sedegebi sxvadasxva maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac Tarebis perspeqtiva.
formiT SeiZleba sareklamo rgolSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kri gaasityve Seni kvlevis
gamoisaxos (ruka, teriumebia; aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli procesi.
cxrili, grafiki, geografiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davale
diagrama, foto); baze muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geo
• geografiul kvlevas grafiuli kvleva.
xSirad praqtikuli maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen,
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi xom ar kiTxvebi davalebis pirobidan da kriteriume
saSualebiT SeiZleba bidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maTTvis bundo
sxvadasxva movle vani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas.
nisa da procesis
Sedegebis progno etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne
zireba). cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war-
modgenebis damuSaveba
geografiuli garsi
• geografiuli garsi aqtivobebi:
Sedgeba geosferoebi
sagan (liTosfero, N1.
atmosfero, hidros moswavleebi aanalizeben saqarTvelos fizi
fero, biosfero), kur da orografiuli rukebs (rukebi ix. saxelmZ
romelsac axasiaTebs RvaneloSi) da adgenen aRmosavleTi kavkasionis
mTeli rigi kanonzo mTavar orografiuli erTeulebs: qedebs, mwverva
mierebebi; lebs da uReltexilebs. aseve rukebisa da mocemu
• adamianebis wyalobiT li cxrilis (ix. cxrili resursebSi) gamoyenebiT
yalibdeba noosfero SearCeven erT romelime mwvervals, sadac apireben
(gonis sfero), rome „alpiniadis dagegmvas“ da adgenen am mwvervalis
lic zemoqmedebs sxva adgilmdebareobas, aseve sxva mniSvnelovan monace
geosferoebze. mebs. moswavleebi CainiSnaven, kriteriumidan gamom
dinare, maTTvis mniSvnelovan informacias.
93
• bunebrivi garemo gav moswavleebi gaaanalizeben aRmosavleTi kavkasi
lenas axdens mosax onis mwvervalebis da reliefis formebis amsaxvel
leobasa da meur fotoebs (ix. fotoebi resursebSi), maTi daxmarebiT
neobaze. sxvadasxva msjeloben da gansazRvraven aRmosavleTi kavkasi
qveyanaSi meurneobis onis formirebaSi monawile Zalebsa da reliefis
esa Tu is dargia wamy ZiriTad formebs. adgenen reliefwarmomqmneli
vani, rac Sromis geo TiToeuli faqtoris rols. gaanalizebul infor
grafiul danawilebas macias miscemen sareklamo rgolSi Sesatan formas;
ganapirobebs; maTTvis sasurvel mwvervalebs SearCeven da aRniS
• mosaxleobisa da naven vebresurss National Geographic-is programa
meurneobis struqtu https://mapmaker.nationalgeographic.org-Si, romelsac
ra, ganawileba da sareklamo rgolSi gamoiyeneben. rukaze aseve aRniS
ganlageba cvalebadia naven mdinareebs, romlebic saTaves aRmosavleTi
drosa da sivrceSi; kavkasionidan iRebs.
• saxelmwifo gavle Semdeg ecnobian statias „aRmosavleTi kavkasio
nas axdens qveyanaSi ni“ (statiis bmuli ix. resursebSi) da gaanalizebul
mimdinare socialur- informacias miscemen Sesaqmnel sareklamo rgolSi
ekonomikur pro Sesatan formas.
cesebze, rac mis
ganviTarebis doneze N3.
aisaxeba. saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul informaciaze day
rdnobiT, moswavleebi daadgenen aRmosavleTi
mdgradi ganviTareba kavkasionis myinvarebs da Tovlis xazis simaRles.
• lokalur qmedebebs aseve ganixilaven SemTxvevis analizs (ix. saxelmZ
globaluri Sedegebi Rvanelo), imsjeleben daculi teritoriebis gavle
SeiZleba mohyves; naze adgilobrivi mosaxleobis yofa-cxovrebaze da
• mdgradi ganviTarebis SearCeven sareklamo rgolisTvis saWiro informa
miznebis (socialuri, cias.
ekonomikuri, gare
mosdacviTi da keTil N4.
dReoba) Sesruleba moswavleebi mopovebuli informaciis daxmare
aucilebelia moma biT qmnian sareklamo rgols.
vali Taobebis keTil
dReobisTvis. N5. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia
moswavleebi warmoadgenen momzadebul sarekla
mo rgols, aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs,
dros; ra daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra problemebi da
sirTuleebi SeExvdaT, romlebsac momaval kompleq
sur davalebaze muSaobisas gaiTvaliswineben.
resursebi:
myinvarwveri yuro
94
tebulos mTa diklosmTa
Savi klde mTiuleTis qedi
aRmosavleTi kavkasioni
http://geofauna.ge/index.php?page=geo_nature_single&id=77
vaxuSti bagrationis saxelobis geografiis insti
tuti
http://geography.tsu.ge/index.php?id=204&lang=geo

geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: eldaris dablo • ratom aris aRmosav davalebis piroba:
analizi bi. leT saqarTvelos udabnoebis winaaRm
• geografiuli kvleva qvesakiTxebi: gaudabnoe teritoriaze mraval deg brZolis konvencias
bunebrivi da sazoga ba, gvalva ferovani hava? saqarTvelo 1999 wels
doebrivi movlenebisa • ratom aris gaudabu SeuerTda. gaudabnoebis
da procesebis dak rebis procesi kaxeTis winaaRmdeg brZolis
virvebas, gaanali regionSi aqtualuri? moqmedebaTa erovnuli
zebasa da Seswavlas programa saxeobaTa kon
gulisxmobs; kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi servaciis samecniero
• geografiuli kvle (aqtivobebi, resursebi): kvleviTma centrma Se
visTvis monace imuSava, xolo mis Semu
mebis mopoveba etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra Savebas koordinacias
SesaZlebelia sxva sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri uwevda saqarTvelos
dasxva movlenaze davalebis prezentacia). garemosa da bunebrivi
uSualo dakvirvebiT, maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri resursebis dacvis sami
sxvadasxva rukisa da davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom nistro.
informaciis wyaros kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad maT unda warmoidgine, rom
(cxrili, sqema, diag Seqmnan ilustrirebuli klasteri, romelSic war monawileob samecniero
rama, grafiki, foto) moaCenen eldaris dablobis ekologiur probleme eqspediciaSi, romelic
gamoyenebiT; bsa dadasaxaven gadaWris gzebs. eldaris dablobis
• geografiuli kvlevis maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac gaudabnoebis problemas
Sedegebi sxvadasxva moxsenebaSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kriteriu swavlobs. Seni mizania,
formiT SeiZleba mebia; aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli geo daadgino gaudabnoebis
gamoisaxos (ruka, grafiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davalebaze procesis gamomwvevi
cxrili, grafiki, muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geog
diagrama, foto); rafiuli kvleva;
95
• geografiul kvlevas maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen mizezebi da kvleva war
xSirad praqtikuli xom ar gauCndaT kiTxvebi davalebis pirobasa da moadgino ilustrire
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi kriteriumebidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maT buli klasteris saxiT.
saSualebiT SeiZleba Tvis bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTule
sxvadasxva movle bas. klasterSi xazgasmiT
nisa da procesis warmoaCine:
Sedegebis prognozi etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne • bunebrivi da anTropo
reba). cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- genuri faqtore
modgenebis damuSaveba bis gavlena eldaris
geografiuli movlena, velis gaudabnoebis
geografiuli procesi aqtivobebi: procesze;
• yvela geografiul • „cxvris gzis“ roli
processa da movlenas N1. eldaris velis gau
sakuTari mizezi da moswavleebi aanalizeben saqarTvelos fizikur dabnoebis procesSi;
Sedegi aqvs da gansx da orografiuli rukebs (rukebi ix. saxelmZRvane • eldaris velis gare
vavebuli xangrZlivo loSi) da daadgenen eldaris dablobis geografiul mosdacviTi sakiTxebis
biT mimdinareobs; mdebareobas da bunebriv pirobebs, florisa da mogvarebis gzebi.
• geografiuli movle faunis reliqtur da endemur saxeobebs. aseve gaasityve Seni kvleva.
nebisa da procesebis daadgenen, rogori klimaturi pirobebia eldaris gamarTeT diskusia:
Sedegad yalibdeba da dablobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli, rogoraa warmodge mecxvareoba Tu garemos
gardaiqmneba dedami nili hidrografiuli qseli da imsjeleben eldaris dacva?
wis geografiuli dablobis landSaftebis Camoyalibebis ganmsaz
garsi. Rvrel faqtorebze.

• bunebrivi garemo gav moswavleebi vebgverdze (ix. bmulebi resursebSi)
lenas axdens mosax gaecnobian informacias, Tu rogor mimdinareobs
leobasa da meur saqarTveloSi gaudabnoebis procesi da daadgenen
neobaze. sxvadasxva gaudaburebis procesis gavrcelebis arealebs.
qveyanaSi meurneobis moZiebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT, moswavleebi
esa Tu is dargia wam imsjeleben eldaris velis mniSvnelobaze regionisa
yvani, rac Sromis geo da qveynis ekonomikaSi, aseve daadgenen, romeli
grafiul danawilebas ekologiuri safrTxeebi emuqreba eldaris dablobs
ganapirobebs; da ra faqtorebi ganapirobebs am problemebs.
• mosaxleobisa da saWiro monacemebs da informacias iniSnaven
meurneobis struqtu klasterSi gamosayeneblad.
ra, ganawileba da
ganlageba cvalebadia N3.
drosa da sivrceSi; moswavleebi gaecnobian statias – `rogor
• saxelmwifo gavle iqca cxvari bunebisTvis safrTxed~ vebgverdze
nas axdens qveyanaSi (ix. bmuli resursebSi) da imsjeleben, ratom aris
mimdinare socialur- saZovrebze balaxis deficiti da ra iwvevs gaudab
ekonomikur pro noebas. moswavleebi gaecnobian statias – „gzaze~
cesebze, rac mis vebgverdze (ix. bmuli resursebSi), aRweren isto
ganviTarebis doneze riul `cxvris gzis“ marSruts, aRniSnaven konturul
aisaxeba. rukaze da imsjeleben mis rolze eldaris velis
gaudaburebis procesSi. moswavleebi saWiro monace
mebs da informacias iniSnaven klasterSi gamosaye
neblad. arCeven fotoebs vebgverdidan – `baridan
mTaSi – mecxvareebis dabruneba TuSeTSi~ (ix. bmuli
resursebSi).

moswavleebi warmoadgenen momzadebul
klasters, aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs,
96
resursebi:
saqarTvelos konturuli ruka

ra donezea saqarTveloSi gaudabnoebis procesi
https://report.ge/economics/ra-donezea-sakartveloshi-gaudabnoeb-
is-protsesi/
Siraqidan TuSeTamde – cxvris gza da narmodebuli
trasebi
gzaze
https://nationalgeographic.ge/story/gzaze/
rogor iqca cxvari bunebisTvis safrTxed?
https://publika.ge/article/rogor-iqca-ckhvari-bunebistvis-safrtkhed/
baridan mTaSi – mecxvareebis dabruneba TuSeTSi
https://mtisambebi.ge/news/business/item/764-baridan-mtashi-
mezxvareebis-dabruneba-tushetshi

geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: kazreTis saba • riT gamoirCeva qvemo
davalebis piroba:
analizi doebi. qarTlis mxare? warmoidgine, rom
• geografiuli kvleva qvecnebebi: polimeta televiziaSi toqSous
bunebrivi da sazoga luri madani wamyvani xar da unda
doebrivi movlenebisa moamzado gadacema
da procesebis dak kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi Temaze – „oqros mopo
virvebas, gaanali (aqtivobebi, resursebi): veba Tu janmrTeloba“
zebasa da Seswavlas kazreTis sabadoebis
gulisxmobs; etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra magaliTze. gadacemaSi
• geografiuli kvle sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri mowveuli gyavs adgilo
visTvis monace davalebis prezentacia). brivi mcxovreblebi,
mebis mopoveba maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri TviTmmarTvelobis war
SesaZlebelia sxva davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom kom momadgeneli, oqros mom
dasxva movlenaze pleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda Seqmnan povebeli kompaniis war
uSualo dakvirvebiT, deklaracia, romelSic unda warmoaCinon kazreTis momadgenlebi, sxvadasxva
sxvadasxva rukisa da sabadoebis mniSvneloba regionisa da qveynis ekono profesiis adamianebi da
informaciis wyaros mikaSi, misi gavlena regionis garemos ekologiuri sxv. moamzade scenari
(cxrili, sqema, diag problemebis Camoyalibebaze da garemosdacviTi Seni toqSousTvis.
rama, grafiki, foto) RonisZiebebis gadaWris gzebis Zieba.
gamoyenebiT; maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac scenarSi xazgasmiT war-
• geografiuli kvlevis gadacemis scenarSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kri moaCine:
Sedegebi sxvadasxva teriumebia; aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli • oqros mopovebis roli
formiT SeiZleba geografiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davale adgilobrivi mosax
gamoisaxos (ruka, baze muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geo leobis cxovrebaSi da
cxrili, grafiki, grafiuli kvleva. regionis ekonomikis
diagrama, foto); maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen ganviTarebaSi;
• geografiul kvlevas xom ar gauCndaT kiTxvebi davalebis pirobasa da • oqros mopovebis adgi
xSirad praqtikuli kriteriumebidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maT lebSi warmoqmnili
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi Tvis bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTule ekologiuri proble
saSualebiT SeiZleba bas. mebi da misi gavlena
sxvadasxva movlenisa adgilobrivi mosaxle
da procesis Sede obis janmrTelobaze;
gebis prognozireba).
97
mosaxleoba da meurneoba etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne • oqros mopovebis
• bunebrivi garemo gav cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- regionSi garemos
lenas axdens mosax modgenebis damuSaveba dacviTi sakiTxebis
leobasa da meur gadaWris gzebi.
neobaze. sxvadasxva aqtivobebi: gaasityve Seni kvleva.
vani, rac Sromis geo moswavleebi gaaanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi
grafiul danawilebas mocemul informacias da daadgenen oqros mopo
ganapirobebs; vebis arealebs. gaecnobian SemTxvevis analizs da
• mosaxleobisa da statias „saydrisi – uZvelesi warmoebis kera“ (ix.
meurneobis struqtu bmuli resursebSi), gamoikvleven oqros mopovebis
ra, ganawileba da rols mxaris istoriaSi; imsjeleben saydrisis mniS
ganlageba cvalebadia vnelobaze, rogorc oqros sabadosa da istoriul
drosa da sivrceSi; Zeglze; aseve, ganmartaven, Seicvala Tu ara sabado
• saxelmwifo gavle ze madnis mopovebis xerxebi; imsjeleben, ra gavle
nas axdens qveyanaSi nas axdens igi garemoze da gamoitanen daskvnas.
mimdinare socialur-
ekonomikur pro N2.
cesebze, rac mis moswavleebi gaaanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi
ganviTarebis doneze mocemul teqstsa da fotoebs, aseve resursebSi
aisaxeba. mocemul informacias (teqsti ix. resursebSi),
adgenen regionis ekologiur problemebsa da maTi
mdgradi ganviTareba warmoqmnis mizezebs; xsnian, ra saxis ekologiuri
• lokalur qmedebebs problemebi warmoiqmneba feradi liTonebis mopo
globaluri Sedegebi vebis adgilebSi, rogor aisaxeba es adgilobriv
SeiZleba mohyves; mosaxleobaze, gamoikvleven regionis mosaxleobaSi
• mdgradi ganviTarebis gavrcelebul daavadebebs.
miznebis (socialuri, saWiro monacemebs da informacias iniSnaven
ekonomikuri, gare klasterSi gamosayeneblad.
mosdacviTi da keTil
dReoba) Sesruleba N3.
aucilebelia moma moswavleebi ecnobian saxelmZRvaneloSi moce
vali Taobebis keTil mul informacias da statias – „RaribTa oqro“
dReobisTvis. (bmuli ix. resursebSi) da msjeloben meurneobis
romeli dargis arsebobas uqmnis problemebs feradi
liTonebis mopoveba. ganixilaven, ra roli iTamaSa
kazreTis sabadoebma da madneulis sawarmom qvemo
qarTlis ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi, ra garemosdac
viTi problemebi Seqmna, rogor aisaxa es probleme
bi mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze da dasaxaven gadaW
ris gzebs.
informaciaze dayrdnobiT moswavleebi ayalibe
ben gadacemis scenarisTvis saWiro informacias.

moswavleebi warmoadgenen momzadebuli gadace
mis scenars, aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs,
romlebic gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze muSao
bis dros; ganmartaven ra daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra
problemebsa da sirTuleebs waawydnen, romlebsac
momaval kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobisas gaiTva
liswineben.
98
resursebi:
saydrisi – uZvelesi warmoebis kera

http://saunje.ge/index.php?id=1482&lang=ka
RaribTa oqro
http://liberali.ge/articles/view/38699/gharibta-oqro
teqsti:
wlebis ganmavlobaSi mougvarebelma garemosdac
viTma problemebma regionis mosaxleobis didi
nawilisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvneloba SeiZina.
rogorc mosaxleoba, ise adgilobrivi samedici
no dawesebulebebis warmomadgenlebi saubroben
municipalitetSi simsivnuri daavadebebis gan
sakuTrebul zrdaze, Tumca Tavisi mosazrebis
Riad dafiqsirebas yvela erideba. gamonaklisi iyo
erTaderTi SemTxveva, rodesac adgilobrivi biu
jetis dafinansebiT, bolnisis gamgeobam raionSi
Sps `daviT tatiSvilis samedicino centris~
specialistebi moiwvia da 706 bolniseli Seamowma.
sarZeve jirkvlis fibrozuli da fibrozuldis
kozuri mastopaTia 253 adamians aRmoaCnda. maSin
centris aRmasrulebeli direqtori acxadebda,
rom msgavsi statistika demografiuli genocidis
tolfasia. samwuxarod, es gancxadebac maleve
uaryves, xolo bolnisis municipalitetis sakrebu
lom raionis samkurnalo dawesebulebebs aukrZala
masobrivi informaciis saSualebebisTvis infor
maciis miwodeba sakrebulosTan SeTanxmebis gareSe.
magaliTad, wylisa da niadagis dabinZurebis maRali
done aCvena „mwvane politikis samecniero-kvleviTi
platformis“ mier Catarebulma uaxlesma kvlevam,
romelic Tsu-is fizikis institutis mxardaWeri
Ta da Tsu-is sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa
fakultetis nivTierebaTa kvlevis institutis
monawileobiT ganxorcielda.
sofel qvemo bolnisSi gayviTlebuli da aqafe
buli mdinare foladauri adgilobrivebis naTesebs
Soris miedineba. is mdinare maSaveras uerTdeba,
maSaveras ki mosavlis sarwyavad iyeneben. kvlevis
mixedviT, mdinareebi – foladauri, maSavera da kaz
reTula mZime metalebiTaa dabinZurebuli.
dargis specialistebis SefasebiT, dabinZurebis
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani wyaro sawarmos narCenebis
sacavidan Camonadeni wyalia, romelsac mZime met
alebi mohyveba. mZime metalebi niadagsa da wyals
abinZurebs da Sedegad, kvebiT jaWvSi xvdeba.
„bostneuli didi raodenobiT iTvisebs simsivnis
maprovocirebel mZime metalebs – tyviasa da kadmi
ums. aRniSnuli produqcia ki bazarze yovelgvari
kontrolis gareSe Sedis, rac, Tavis mxriv, udides
safrTxes uqmnis rogorc adgilobriv, ise qalaqebis
mosaxleobas, romelic am bostneuliT maragdeba“.
99
bolniselebi garemos dabinZurebas municipali
tetSi kibosa da sxva daavadebebis gavrcelebasTan
akavSireben da saubrisas magaliTad mohyavT ojaxis
wevrebi, naTesavebi, mezoblebi, romlebic daavade
bulni arian. dRemde ar Catarebula kvleva, rome
lic bolnisSi garemos dabinZurebasa da mosaxle
obaSi kibos gavrcelebas Soris kavSirs gamoikv
levda, Tumca arsebobs daavadebaTa kontrolis
centris statistika qveyanaSi kibos gavrcelebis
Sesaxeb. rogorc gamoTvlebma aCvena, qveyanaSi kibos
standartizebuli avadobis maCvenebeli 100 000
mosaxleze 241-s Seadgens. gamovlinda 18 municipa
liteti, sadac es monacemi qveynis maCvenebels
aRemateba, maT Soris bolnisis municipaliteti ar
saxeldeba (bolnisis maCvenebeli 126-ia).
rogorc „mwvane platformis“ kvlevaSia naTqvami,
kvlevis Sedegad, bolnisSi mdinareebsa da niadagSi
gamovlenili mZime metalebis maRali maCvenebeli
(kadmiumi, tyvia, spilenZi, TuTia, rkina, nikeli,
manganumi da dariSxani) garda simsivnuri daavadebe
bis provocirebis riskisa, maRali albaTobiT azia
nebs filtvebs, Tirkmelebs, centralur nervul
sistemas, gul-sisxlZarRvTa da Zvlovan sistemebs,
imunur sistemas da sxv.
garemos damcvelebi yuradRebas amaxvileben
im faqtzec, rom kompania dabinZurebis proble
mas „istoriul memkvidreobas“ uwodebs, xolo mis
ganeitralebaze aRebul pasuxismgeblobas – „keTil
nebas“.
specialistebi kompaniis mxridan garemosTvis
miyenebul masStabur zianzec saubroben: garemos
dacvis saministros informaciiT, 2013 wlidan
dRemde „RMG Gold“-isa da „RMG Copper“-is mimarT
Sedgenilia administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa
27 oqmi, sasamarTlos mier kompaniebisTvis dakisre
buli saxdelis odenoba ki saerTo jamSi 93 150 lars
Seadgens.
100
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: alazani. • ratom aris dasavleT davalebis piroba:
analizi qvecnebebi: mdinaris Tan SedarebiT wyali erT-erTi
• geografiuli kvleva hidrologiuri maxasia aRmosavleT saqarT ZiriTadi, yvelaze
bunebrivi da sazoga Teblebi velosi ufro mcire gavrcelebuli da
doebrivi movlenebisa Camonadeni? Seucvleli bunebrivi
da procesebis dak • ratom aris aRmosav resursia dedamiwaze.
virvebas, gaanali leT saqarTveloSi saqarTveloSi wylis nak
zebasa da Seswavlas xSiri sairigacio sis leboba jerjerobiT ar
gulisxmobs; tema? igrZnoba. saqarTveloSi
• geografiuli kvle mTavari problema isaa,
visTvis monace kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi rom wylis 4/5-ze meti
mebis mopoveba (aqtivobebi, resursebi): samrewvelo sawarmoe
SesaZlebelia sxva bidan binZurdeba.
dasxva movlenaze etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba warmoidgine, rom kaxe
uSualo dakvirvebiT, (ra sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri Tis mxaris regionuli
sxvadasxva rukisa da davalebis prezentacia). ganviTarebis proeqtSi
informaciis wyaros maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri muSaob, rogorc mdina
(cxrili, sqema, diag davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom kom reebis Semswavleli mec
rama, grafiki, foto) pleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda Seqmnan nieri – potamologi. Seni
gamoyenebiT; kvlevis angariSi, romelSic unda warmoaCinon mdi mizania, mdinare alaznis
• geografiuli kvlevis nare alaznis mniSvneloba kaxeTis mxaris bunebrivi Seswavla da kvlevis
Sedegebi sxvadasxva pirobebis CamoyalibebaSi, sameurneo saqmianobasa da angariSis momzadeba.
formiT SeiZleba mdgrad ganviTarebaSi.
gamoisaxos (ruka, maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac angariSSi xazgasmiT war-
cxrili, grafiki, angariSSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kriteriu moaCine:
diagrama, foto); mebia; aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli • mdinare alaznis roli
• geografiul kvlevas geografiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davaleba kaxeTis regionis
xSirad praqtikuli ze muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs bunebrivi pirobebis
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi geografiuli kvleva; CamoyalibebaSi;
saSualebiT SeiZleba maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen, • mdinare alaznis roli
sxvadasxva movle xom ar gauCndaT kiTxvebi davalebis pirobasa da kaxeTis regionis
nisa da procesis kriteriumebidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maT mosaxleobis sameur
Sedegebis progno Tvis bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTule neo saqmianobaSi;
zireba). bas. • mdinare alaznis mniS
vneloba regionis
geografiuli movlena, etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne mdgrad ganviTarebaSi.
geografiuli procesi cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- gaasityve Seni kvleva.
• yvela geografiul modgenebis damuSaveba
sakuTari mizezi da aqtivobebi:
Sedegi aqvs da gansx
vavebuli xangrZlivo N1.
biT mimdinareobs; moswavleebi aanalizeben saqarTvelos fizikur
• geografiuli movle rukas da cxrils – mdinare alaznis hidrologiuri
nebisa da procesebis maxasiaTeblebi (ix. saxelmZRvanelo) da adgenen mdi
Sedegad yalibdeba da nare alaznis saTaves, SesarTavs, Senakadebs, reJims,
gardaiqmneba dedami sazrdoobis wyaroebs, Camonadens; ganixilaven mas,
wis geografiuli rogorc transsasazRvro mdinares. gamoikvleven
garsi. mdinare alaznis saxelwodebis warmoSobis isto
rias.
moswavleebi CainiSnaven, kriteriumidan gamomdi
nare, maTTvis mniSvnelovan informacias.
101
• bunebrivi garemo gav moswavleebi gaaanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi
lenas axdens mosax arsebul informacias da daadgenen dasaxelebul
leobasa da meur punqtebsa da sawarmoebs, romlebic alaznis vakeze
neobaze. sxvadasxva mdebareobs; maTi daxmarebiT msjeloben, ra rols
qveyanaSi meurneobis TamaSobs mdinare alazani kaxeTis mxaris ganviTare
esa Tu is dargia wamy baSi; gaixseneben, bunebis romeli Zegli mdebareobs
vani, rac Sromis geo mdinare alaznis auzSi, sadac Walis tyeebia warmod
grafiul danawilebas genili; SearCeven turizmis saxeebs, romelTa ganvi
ganapirobebs; Tarebis SesaZleblobas iZleva mdinare alazani da
• mosaxleobisa da alaznis vake.
meurneobis struqtu gaanalizebul informacias miscemen Sesaqmnel
ra, ganawileba da angariSSi Sesatan formas.
drosa da sivrceSi; N3.
• saxelmwifo gavle moswavleebi gaecnobian statias – „uTevzo ala
nas axdens qveyanaSi zani da milebSi datyvevebuli mdinareebi pankisSi“,
mimdinare socialur- videofilms – „adidebuli alazani (statiis da
ekonomikur pro videofilmis bmuli ix. resursebSi); isini imsjele
cesebze, rac mis ben mdinare alaznis ekologiur problemebze,
ganviTarebis doneze maT gamomwvev mizezebsa da Sedegebze. Caatareben
aisaxeba. saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul kvlevas da alazans
Seadareben mdinare mtkvars; gamoitanen daskvnas.
mdgradi ganviTareba gaecnobian statias – „ra zians moutans pankisis
• lokalur qmedebebs xeobas kidev erTi hesi“ (statiis bmuli ix. resursSi)
globaluri Sedegebi da imsjeleben hesis mSeneblobis marTebulobaze,
SeiZleba mohyves; mdinare alaznis hidrologiuri maCveneblebis
• mdgradi ganviTarebis SesaZlo cvlilebebze.
miznebis (socialuri, moswavleebi aseve msjeloben wylis monitorin
ekonomikuri, gare gis, wylis mdgradi marTvisa da transsasazRvro
mosdacviTi da keTil TanamSromlobis saWiroebaze.
dReoba) Sesruleba gaanalizebul informacias miscemen Sesaqmnel
aucilebelia moma angariSSi Sesatan formas.
vali Taobebis keTil
dReobisTvis. N4. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia
moswavleebi warmoadgenen Sedgenil angariSs,
resursebi:
videofilmebi – adidebuli alazani

https://www.myvideo.ge/v/3788838 https://www.myvideo.
ge/v/3788432
statia – uTevzo alazani da milebSi datyvevebuli
mdinareebi pankisSi
https://radioway.ge/news/people/item/765
ra zians moutans pankisis xeobas kidev erTi hesi
https://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/a/ra-zians-moutans-pankisis-
kheobas-kidev-erti-akhali-hesi/29124265.html#4
102
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: mdinare duruji • ratom aris aRmosav davalebis piroba:
analizi da mdinare kabali. leT saqarTveloSi uaryofiTi Sedegebis
• geografiuli kvleva qvecnebebi: Rvarcofi xSiri sairigacio sis Tavidan acilebisa (pre
bunebrivi da sazoga tema? vencia) da mitigaciis
doebrivi movlenebisa • ra saxis stiqiuri (yvela im moqmedebaTa
da procesebis dak bunebrivi procese erToblioba, romelsac
virvebas, gaanali bia damaxasiaTebeli axorcielebs saxelmwi
zebasa da Seswavlas aRmosavleT saqarT fo, calkeuli sagangebo
gulisxmobs; velosTvis da rogor situaciidan gamomdinare
• geografiuli kvle umklavdebian maT? riskebis Sesamcireblad)
visTvis monace TvalsazrisiT aucile
mebis mopoveba kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi belia bunebrivi katas
SesaZlebelia sxva (aqtivobebi, resursebi): trofebis riskebis mar
dasxva movlenaze Tva da maTi Semcireba.
uSualo dakvirvebiT, etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra am kuTxiT metad mniS
sxvadasxva rukisa da sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri vnelovania mosaxleobis
informaciis wyaros davalebis prezentacia) cnobierebis amaRleba
(cxrili, sqema, diag maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri ara marto imis Sesaxeb,
rama, grafiki, foto) davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom kom Tu rogor unda iqceodes
gamoyenebiT; pleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda Seqmnan TiToeuli adamiani ama
• geografiuli kvlevis posteri, romelSic unda warmoaCinon Rvarcofis Tu im stiqiuri movlenis
Sedegebi sxvadasxva warmoqmnis procesi, misi gamomwvevi bunebrivi dros, aramed adamianebis
formiT SeiZleba da anTropogenuri faqtorebi da qcevis wesebi mier warmoebuli im
gamoisaxos (ruka, katastrofis dros. saqmianobebis Sesaxebac,
cxrili, grafiki, maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac romlebic amwvaveben an
diagrama, foto); posterSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kriteriume sulac, qmnian bunebrivi
• geografiuli kvlevas bia. katastrofebis riskebs.
xSirad praqtikuli aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli geog warmoidgine, rom
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi rafiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davalebaze bunebrivi katastrofe
saSualebiT SeiZleba muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geogra bis riskis Semcirebis
sxvadasxva movle fiuli kvleva. sakiTxebze momuSave
nisa da procesis maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen saerTaSoriso organi
Sedegebis progno xom ar gauCndaT kiTxvebi davalebis pirobasa da zaciis wevri xar da Seni
zireba). kriteriumebidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maT mizania mosaxleobis
Tvis bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTule cnobierebis amaRleba. am
geografiuli procesi bas. mizniT moamzade posteri
• yvela geografiul Rvarcofis dros qcevis
processa da movlenas etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne wesebis Sesaxeb.
sakuTari mizezi da cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war-
Sedegi aqvs da gansx modgenebis damuSaveba posterSi xazgasmiT war-
vavebuli xangrZlivo moaCine:
biT mimdinareobs; aqtivobebi: • bunebrivi pirobebis
• geografiuli movle roli Rvarcofis war
nebisa da procesebis N1. moqmnis procesSi;
Sedegad yalibdeba da moswavleebi ecnobian saxelmZRvaneloSi moce • adamianis roli
gardaiqmneba dedami mul SemTxvevis analizs, pasuxoben TandarTul Rvarcofis warmoqm
wis geografiuli kiTxvebs da msjeloben moyvanil magaliTze. nasa da Tavidan acile
garsi. isini aanalizeben saqarTvelos fizikur da baSi;
RvarcofsaSiSi arealebis rukebs (rukebi ix. • qcevis wesebi
saxelmZRvaneloSi) da adgenen, romeli mdinaris Rvarcofis dros.
Senakadebia duruji da kabali; sad mdebareobs gaasityve Seni kvleva.
Zlieri, maRali da didi saSiSroebis Rvarcofuli
teritoriebi, susti da usafrTxo Rvarcofuli
103
mdgradi ganviTareba adgilebi; savaraudod, romel dasaxlebul punqtebs
• lokalur qmedebebs Seuqmnis Rvarcofi saSiSroebas.
globaluri Sedegebi moswavleebi, kriteriumis Sesabamisad,
SeiZleba mohyves; CainiSnaven maTTvis mniSvnelovan informacias.
miznebis (socialuri, N2.
ekonomikuri, gare moswavleebi gaaanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi
mosdacviTi da keTil mocemul teqstsa da statias – „Rvarcofuli
dReoba) Sesruleba mdinareebi kaxeTSi“ (statiis bmuli ix. resursSi)
aucilebelia moma da daadgenen Rvarcofis warmoqmnis bunebriv da
vali Taobebis keTil anTropogenur faqtorebs; aseve gaecnobian da
dReobisTvis. imsjeleben Rvarcofis moqmedebis Sedegebze.
gaanalizebul informacias miscemen Sesaqmnel
posterSi Sesatan formas.
Semdeg ecnobian statias – „durujis Rvarcofebi
rom ara, ar gveqneboda qinZmarauli!“ (statiis
bmuli ix. resursebSi) da gaanalizebul informacias
miscemen Sesaqmnel posterSi Sesatan formas.
N3.
moswavleebi gaecnobian saxelmZRvaneloSi moce
mul me-6 davalebaSi arsebul informacias klasi
kuri Rvarcofuli wyalSemkrebi zonebis Sesaxeb
(ix. saxelmZRvanelo) da daxataven Rvarcofis war
moqmnis sqemas. gaanalizebul informacias miscemen
Sesaqmnel posterSi Sesatan formas.
N4.
moswavleebi, mopovebuli da damuSavebuli
informaciis gamoyenebiT, adgenen Rvarcofis moq
medebisas adamianis optimaluri qcevis wesebs da
posters dasrulebul saxes aZleven.

moswavleebi warmoadgenen Sedgenil posters,
resursebi:
Rvarcofuli mdinareebi kaxeTSi

https://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/a/gvarstofuli-mdinareebi-kakhet-
shi/29130314.html
durujis Rvarcofebi rom ara, ar gveqneboda qinZma
rauli!
https://www.timer.ge/durujis-ghvarcopebi-rom-ara-ar-gveqneboda-
qindzmarauli/
104
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: lagodexis nakr • rogor Camoyalibda davalebis piroba:
analizi Zali aRmosavleT saqarT lagodexis saxelmwi
• geografiuli kvleva qvecnebebi: alpuri zona, veloSi mravalfero fo nakrZali da aRkve
bunebrivi da sazoga daculi teritoria vani landSafti? Tili veluri bunebis
doebrivi movlenebisa • ratom aris mniSvne erT-erTi yvelaze
da procesebis dak lovani aRmosavleT RirsSesaniSnavi da
virvebas, gaanali saqarTvelos biom gamorCeuli adgilia
zebasa da Seswavlas ravalferovnebis saqarTveloSi. ulamazesi
gulisxmobs; dacva? landSaftebiT, mdidari
• geografiuli kvle floriTa da fauniT
visTvis monace kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi da, rac mTavaria, sauke
mebis mopoveba (aqtivobebi, resursebi): Tesod SenarCunebuli
SesaZlebelia sxva bunebrivi ekosiste
dasxva movlenaze etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra mebiT igi dauviwyar
uSualo dakvirvebiT, sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri STabeWdilebas tovebs
sxvadasxva rukisa da davalebis prezentacia) damTvaliereblebze.
informaciis wyaros warmoidgine, rom
(cxrili, sqema, diag maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri gidad muSaob lagodexis
rama, grafiki, foto) davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom kom nakrZalSi da turistebis
gamoyenebiT; pleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda Seqmnan mozidvis mizniT ilus
• geografiuli kvlevis ilustrirebuli gzamkvlevi, romelSic unda warmoa trirebuli gzamkvlevis
Sedegebi sxvadasxva Cinon lagodexis nakrZalis CamoyalibebaSi monawile momzadeba dagavales.
formiT SeiZleba bunebrivi pirobebi, misi mniSvneloba mosaxleobis
gamoisaxos (ruka, yofa-cxovrebisTvis da mdgradi turizmis ganviTa gzamkvlevSi xazgasmiT
cxrili, grafiki, rebis perspeqtivebi. warmoaCine:
diagrama, foto); maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, • bunebrivi pirobebis
• geografiul kvlevas rac ilustrirebul gzamkvlevSi unda warmoaCinon, gavlena lagodexis
xSirad praqtikuli Sefasebis kriteriumebia; nakrZalis florisa da
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli geog faunis CamoyalibebaSi;
saSualebiT SeiZleba rafiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davalebaze • lagodexis nakrZalis
sxvadasxva movle muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geografi istoriuli da geogra
nisa da procesis uli kvleva. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, fiuli mniSvneloba;
Sedegebis progno dafiqrdnen, xom ar gauCndaT SekiTxvebi davalebis • lagodexis nakrZalis
zireba). pirobasa da kriteriumebidan gamomdinare, an Tu roli adgilobrivi
aris raime maTTvis bundovani da kidev erTxel mis mosaxleobis yofa-
geografiuli garsi cems mimarTulebas. cxovrebaSi;
• geografiuli garsi • lagodexis nakrZalSi
Sedgeba geosferoeb etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne mdgradi turizmis
isagan (liTosfero, cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- ganviTarebis perspeq
atmosfero, hidros modgenebis damuSaveba tivebi.
fero, biosfero), gaasityve Seni kvleva.
romelsac axasiaTebs aqtivobebi:
mTeli rigi kanonzo
mierebebi; N1.
• adamianebis wyalobiT moswavleebi aanalizeben orografiul rukebs
yalibdeba noosfero (rukebi ix. saxelmZRvaneloSi) da adgenen lagodexis
(gonis sfero), rome nakrZalis mdebareobasa da sazRvrebs; moswavleebi
lic zemoqmedebs sxva naxaven video filmebs „lagodexis daculi terito
geosferoebze. riebis unikaluri biomravalferovneba“ da „lago
dexis nakrZali“ (videos bmulebi ix. resursebSi) da
xsnian nakrZalis bunebrivi pirobebis mravalferov
nebis gamomwvev mizezebs da lagodexis nakrZalis
istoriuli da geografiuli mniSvneloba;
105
mosaxleoba da meurneoba moswavleebi, kriteriumidan gamomdinare,
• bunebrivi garemo gav CainiSnaven maTTvis mniSvnelovan informacias.
lenas axdens mosax
leobasa da meur N2.
neobaze. sxvadasxva moswavleebi gaaanalizeben videofilms – „lago
qveyanaSi meurneobis dexis daculi teritoriebis unikaluri biomraval
esa Tu is dargia wamy ferovneba“ (videos bmuli ix. resursebSi), saxel
vani, rac Sromis geo mZRvaneloSi arsebul teqstebsa da damatebiT
grafiul danawilebas resursebs da gaecnobian lagodexis nakrZalis
ganapirobebs; reliefis formebs, havas, hidrografias da a.S.
• mosaxleobisa da isini imsjeleben, ra aris lagodexis nakrZalis
meurneobis struqtu mTavari funqcia; ra faqtorebma ganapiroba lago
ra, ganawileba da dexis nakrZalis mniSvneloba da lagodexis nakrZa
ganlageba cvalebadia lis turistuli popularoba; daadgenen gamoyenebis
drosa da sivrceSi; SesaZleblobebs.
• saxelmwifo gavle moswavleebi, kriteriumidan gamomdinare, CainiS
nas axdens qveyanaSi naven maTTvis mniSvnelovan informacias.
mimdinare socialur-
ekonomikur pro N3.
cesebze, rac mis moswavleebi gaecnobian statias – „lagodexis
ganviTarebis doneze erovnuli parki“ da teqsts (bmuli da teqsti ix.
aisaxeba. resursebSi), gaaanalizeben mocemul marSrutebs,
SearCeven gzamkvlevisTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovan
mdgradi ganviTareba obieqtebs foto, video da teqstur resurss da qmni
• lokalur qmedebebs an ilustrirebul gzamkvlevs.
globaluri Sedegebi
SeiZleba mohyves; N4. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia
• mdgradi ganviTarebis moswavleebi warmoadgenen Sedgenil ilustrire
miznebis (socialuri, bul gzamkvlevs, gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs,
ekonomikuri, gare romlebic gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis
mosdacviTi da keTil dros, ra daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra problemebsa da
dReoba) Sesruleba sirTuleebs waawydnen, romlebsac momaval kompleq
aucilebelia moma sur davalebaze muSaobisas gaiTvaliswineben.
vali Taobebis keTil
dReobisTvis. resursebi:
videofilmebi:
lagodexis daculi teritoriebis unikaluri biom
ravalferovneba
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzr3Zm6c_us
lagodexis nakrZali
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_ljtrUt_fQ
rogor movxvdeT maWiscixesa da Savi kldeebis tbaze
https://mtisambebi.ge/wandering/traveler-s-blog/item/101-rogor-
movxvdet-machiszixesa-da-shavi-kldeebis-tbaze
lagodexis erovnuli parki
https://mtisambebi.ge/wandering/traveler-s-blog/item/101-rogor-
movxvdet-machiszixesa-da-shavi-kldeebis-tbaze
turistuli marSutis Sesaqmneli gverdi
https://www.about.ge/
106
teqsti: Savi kldeebis tba
Savi kldeebis tbis biliki saqarTveloSi arsebu
li bilikebidan erT-erTi yvelaze sainteresoa da
alaznis velisa da kavkasionis mTebis ulamazesi
xedebiT gamoirCeva. turi lagodexis daculi teri
toriebis administraciidan iwyeba. 10-15 wuTSi gzad
rcxilnaris unikaluri koromi SegxvdebaT. 30-40
wuTSi gadakveTT mdinare „lagodexis xevs“. 20-30
wuTSi SexvalT axalgazrda rcxilnarSi, romelic
wiflnari tyis qarqcevis Sedegad warmoiSva. 15-30
wuTSi SexvdebiT kaxeTis lokalur endems – „mrgval
wamalas“, romelic adre gazafxulze yvavis da
rogorc iSviaTi saxeoba, Setanilia wiTel wignebSi.
30 wuTSi miadgebiT qedis dasawyiss, xeluxlebel
wiflnaris koroms. 1 saaTSi axvalT serze zR.d.
1300 metrze da gauyvebiT „qoCalos qeds“, sadac
CrdiloeTis mxares SegiZliaT, ixiloT wiflna
ris tye, xolo samxreT-aRmosavleTiT – Sereuli,
farTofoTlovani tye. 2 saaTSi aRmoCndebiT sub
alpur sartyelSi, 1 saaTSi ki ixilavT turistul
TavSesafars „meteos“, romlis mimdebare terito
riazec ganlagebulia specialurad mowyobili
sapiknike da sakempinge adgilebi. meore dRes gzas
agrZelebT qoCalos qedze. 1 saaTSi adixarT tyis
zeda sazRvarze alpur zonaSi, saidanac vizitors
eZleva SesaZlebloba, naxos iSviaTi Cliqosani
cxovelebi. kerZod: iremi, arCvi, jixvi. aseve, frin
velebi roWo, kavkasiuri SurTxi, batkanZeri da sxva
dasxva arwivi. Semdeg 1 saaTSi axvalT uReltexilze
e.w. „demidovis naSlebze“, romelic jixvebis sam
flobelodaa cnobili. 1 saaTSi aRmoCndebiT alpur
mdeloebze, SedarebiT vake adgilebze, romlebic
jixvebis saZovrebia. momdevno 40 wuTSi SegxvdebaT
gamyinvarebis droindeli patar-patara tbebi da
Waobebi, 30 wuTSi ki – Savi kldeebis tba. Tqven
Tvalwin icvleba zRapruli buneba zR.d. 400-dan 3500
metramde, xolo frTxilad siarulis SemTxvevaSi,
SesaZlebloba geZlevaT, SexvdeT cxovelTa samya
ros iSviaT warmomadgenlebs.
107
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: mTisa da baris • ratom mcirdeba davalebis piroba:
analizi mcxovrebni. aRmosavleT saqarT warmoidgine, rom
• geografiuli kvleva qvecnebebi: migracia, veloSi mecxvareTa aRmosavleT saqarTve
bunebrivi da sazoga mecxvareoba ricxvi? los romelime mTiani
doebrivi movlenebisa • ratom gansxvavdeba regionis erT-erT
da procesebis dak aRmosavleT saqarT sofelSi mogiwia droe
virvebas, gaanali veloSi mTisa da baris biT cxovreba. SearCie
zebasa da Seswavlas mcxovrebTa cxovre regioni da aRwere
gulisxmobs; bis wesi? Seni cxovrebis erTi
• geografiuli kvle kvira dRiurSi. dRiuri
visTvis monace kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi gaaforme naxatebiT,
mebis mopoveba (aqtivobebi, resursebi): fotoebiTa da rukebiT.
SesaZlebelia sxva
dasxva movlenaze etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra dRiurSi xazgasmiT war-
uSualo dakvirvebiT, sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri moaCine:
sxvadasxva rukisa da davalebis prezentacia) • bunebrivi faqtorebis
informaciis wyaros maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri roli mosaxleobis
(cxrili, sqema, diag davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom kom cxovrebis wesze;
rama, grafiki, foto) pleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda Seqmnan • gansxvaveba mTasa
gamoyenebiT; mogzaurobis dRiuri, romelSic unda warmoaCinon Tu barSi cxovrebas
• geografiuli kvlevis mTisa da baris mcxovrebTa yofa-cxovreba, maT Soris;
Sedegebi sxvadasxva Soris msgavseba-gansxvaveba da maTi cxovrebis gaum • cvlilebebi, romleb
formiT SeiZleba jobesebis gzebi. sac ganaxorcielebdi
gamoisaxos (ruka, maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac soflis mosaxleobis
cxrili, grafiki, marSrutSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kriteriume cxovrebaSi.
diagrama, foto); bia. gaasityve Seni kvleva.
• geografiul kvlevas aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli geogra gauziareT erTmaneTs
xSirad praqtikuli fiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davalebaze muSa dRiurebi.
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi obis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geografiuli
saSualebiT SeiZleba kvleva.
sxvadasxva movle maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen,
nisa da procesis xom ar gauCndaT kiTxvebi davalebis pirobasa da kri
Sedegebis progno teriumebidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maTTvis
zireba). bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas.
geografiuli movlena, etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne

geografiuli procesi cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war-
• yvela geografiul modgenebis damuSaveba
sakuTari mizezi da aqtivobebi:
Sedegi aqvs da gansx
vavebuli xangrZlivo N1.
biT mimdinareobs; moswavleebi aanalizeben saqarTvelos fizi
• geografiuli movle kur da orografiul rukebs ( rukebi ix. saxelmZ
nebisa da procesebis RvaneloSi) da adgenen aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
Sedegad yalibdeba da romeli mxare mdebareobs mTavari wyalgamyofi
gardaiqmneba dedami qedis CrdiloeTiT da romeli – samxreTiT; romel
wis geografiuli municipalitetebSi Sedis istoriuli xevi, mTiule
garsi. Ti, fSavi, xevsureTi da TuSeTi.
moswavleebi gaecnobian saxelmZRvaneloSi moce
mul SemTxvevis analizs da daadgenen mTis mosaxle
obis problemebs; imsjeleben mTaSi migraciuli
procesebis gamomwvev faqtorebze, sakmarisia Tu
ara e.w. „mTis kanoni“ mosaxleobis mTaSi dasab-
108
mosaxleoba da meurneoba runeblad da kidev ra RonisZiebebis ganxorciele
• bunebrivi garemo gav baa saWiro daclili da gaukacrielebuli soflebis
lenas axdens mosax aRsadgenad.
leobasa da meur moswavleebi. kriteriumidan gamomdinare,
neobaze. sxvadasxva CainiSnaven maTTvis mniSvnelovan informacias.
vani, rac Sromis geo moswavleebi ecnobian statias – „sofeli sofels
grafiul danawilebas gasZaxis: „dailie Tu xarao“ – bolo periodSi
ganapirobebs; 223 sofeli iqca nasoflarad“ (statiis bmuli ix.
• mosaxleobisa da resursebSi) da imsjeleben, ra gansxvavebaa mTasa Tu
meurneobis struqtu barSi cxovrebas Soris.
ra, ganawileba da gaanalizebul informacias miscemen Sesaqmnel
ganlageba cvalebadia dRiurSi Sesatan formas.
drosa da sivrceSi;
nas axdens qveyanaSi moswavleebi gaecnobian saxelmZRvaneloSi moce
mimdinare socialur- mul teqstsa da statias – „qarTuli samosis isto
ekonomikur pro ria uZvelesi droidan dRemde“ (ix. sqema resursebSi)
cesebze, rac mis gaecnobian mTisa da baris mcxovrebTa samoss,
ganviTarebis doneze imsjeleben maT msgavseba-gansxvavebaze.
aisaxeba. naxaven videofilms – „xatoba – saukunovani
tradiciebi da ritualebi fSavSi“ (videos bmuli
ix.resursebSi). gaecnobian fSavelebis erT konkre
tul dResaswauls.
N4.
moswavleebi gaecnobian saqarTvelos maRalmTia
ni dasaxlebebis ganviTarebis strategias (ix. bmuli
resursebSi) da dasaxaven mTis mosaxleobis cxovre
bis gaumjobesebis gzebs.
dRiurSi Sesatan formas.

moswavleebi warmoadgenen Sedgenil dRiurs,
resursebi:
xatoba – saukunovani tradiciebi da ritualebi

fSavSi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqGbJD_HVDU
saqarTvelos maRalmTiani dasaxlebebis ganviTare
bis strategia 2019-2023
https://mepa.gov.ge/Ge/Files/ViewFile/2303 ;
„sofeli sofels gasZaxis: „dailie Tu xarao“ –
bolo periodSi 223 sofeli iqca nasoflarad
https://mtisambebi.ge/news/people/item/172-%E2%80%9Esopeli-
sopels-gaswaxis-%E2%80%9Edailie-tu-xarao%E2%80%9C-
%E2%80%93-bolo-10-xelshi-223-sopeli-iqza-nasoplarad
qarTuli samosis istoria uZvelesi droidan dRemde
https://www.shin.ge/index.php/mozaika/1826-kar-tu-li-sa-mo-sis-is-
to-ria-udz-ve-le-si-dro-i-dan-dgem-de
109
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: meRvineoba • ra ganapirobebs davalebis piroba:
analizi qvecnebebi: vazis jiSebi, kaxeTis yurZnisa 2013 wels iuneskom
• geografiuli kvleva agroklimaturi pirobebi da xorblis jiSebis aramaterialuri kul
bunebrivi da sazoga mravalferovnebasa da turuli memkvidreobis
doebrivi movlenebisa unikalurobas? Zeglis statusi mianiWa
da procesebis dak Rvinis dayenebis qvevris
virvebas, gaanali kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi meTods, sami wlis Semdeg
zebasa da Seswavlas (aqtivobebi, resursebi): ki gaerTianebuli erebis
gulisxmobs; kidev erTi organizaciis
• geografiuli kvle etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra – UNWTO-s iniciativiT,
visTvis monace sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri Rvinis turizmis Sesaxeb
mebis mopoveba davalebis prezentacia) pirveli globaluri kon
SesaZlebelia sxva maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri ferencia saqarTveloSi
dasxva movlenaze davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom kom gaimarTa. es umniSvnelo
uSualo dakvirvebiT, pleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda Seqmnan vanesi movlenaa saerTa
sxvadasxva rukisa da broSura, romelSic unda warmoaCinon meRvineobis Soriso asparezze saqar
informaciis wyaros ganviTarebis istoria da mniSvneloba regionis Tvelos, rogorc Rvinis
(cxrili, sqema, diag mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis amaRlebis processa samSoblos, imijis damk
rama, grafiki, foto) da qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi. vidrebis TvalsazrisiT.
gamoyenebiT; maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac konferencias 42 qvey
• geografiuli kvlevis broSuraSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kriteriume nis 250 delegati da 150
Sedegebi sxvadasxva bia. organizacia daeswro.
formiT SeiZleba aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli geogra warmoidgine, rom cno
gamoisaxos (ruka, fiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davalebaze muSa bili enologi xar
cxrili, grafiki, obis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geografiuli da Rvinis turizmis
diagrama, foto); kvleva. popularizaciisTvis
• geografiul kvlevas maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen, broSuris momzadeba
xSirad praqtikuli xom ar gauCndaT kiTxvebi davalebis pirobasa da dagikveTes, sadac am
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi kriteriumebidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maT istoriuli dargis
saSualebiT SeiZleba Tvis bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTule Tanamedrove realoba
sxvadasxva movle bas. da mniSvneloba unda
nisa da procesis warmoaCino.
Sedegebis progno etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne
zireba). cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- broSuraSi xazgasmiT
modgenebis damuSaveba warmoaCine:
mosaxleoba da meurneoba • bunebrivi pirobebis
• bunebrivi garemo aqtivobebi: roli enoturizmis
gavlenas axdens ganviTarebaSi;
mosaxleobasa da N1. • enoturizmis roli
meurneobaze. sxva moswavleebi aanalizeben saqarTvelos fizikur adgilobrivi mosaxle
dasxva qveyanaSi da saqarTvelos mevenaxeobisa da Rvinis warmoebis obis cxovrebis donis
meurneobis esa Tu is regionebis rukas (rukebi ix. saxelmZRvaneloSi) amaRlebaSi;
dargia wamyvani, rac da adgenen vazis jiSebis gavrcelebis arealebs. • enoturizmis ganvi
Sromis geografiul imsjeleben, romelma geografiulma faqtorebma Tarebis mniSvneloba
danawilebas gana ganapiroba saqarTveloSi mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis regionis ganviTare
pirobebs; ganviTareba da or makrozonad dayofa. moswavleebi baSi.
• mosaxleobisa da CainiSnaven, kriteriumidan gamomdinare, maTTvis gaasityve Seni kvle
meurneobis struqtu mniSvnelovan informacias. va.
ra, ganawileba da
drosa da sivrceSi;
110
nas axdens qveyanaSi moswavleebi gaaanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi
mimdinare socialur- arsebul informacias da statias – „qarTuli
ekonomikur pro Rvinis mrCeveli (aleqsandre WavWavaZe)“ (ix. bmuli
cesebze, rac mis resursebSi) da maTi daxmarebiT msjeloben da
ganviTarebis doneze gansazRvraven meRvineobis dargis istoriul mniS
aisaxeba. vnelobas.
isini gaecnobian statias – „Rvinis turizmis
globaluri konferencia“ (statiis bmuli ix.
resursebSi) da gansazRvraven enoturizmis ganvi
Tarebis mniSvnelobas.
marSrutSi Sesatan formas.
N3.
moswavleebi gaecnobian statias – `mdgradi
turizmis ganviTareba~ (ix. statiis bmuli resurseb
Si) da imsjeleben, ra perspeqtivebi aqvs mevenaxeoba-
meRvineobas saqarTveloSi, daadgenen meurneobis
romeli dargebis ganviTarebas uwyobs xels „Rvinis
gzis“ ganviTareba. isini iniSnaven maTTvis saWiro
monacemebs.

moswavleebi warmoadgenen Sedgenil broSuras,
resursebi:
msoflio turizmis organizacia

https://www.unwto.org/sustainable-development
gaerTianebuli erebis ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da
kulturis organizacia iunesko
https://en.unesco.org/
mdgradi turizmis ganviTareba
http://www.economy.ge/uploads/ecopolitic/turizmi-/sakartvelos%20
turizmis%20strategia%202025.pdf
qarTuli Rvinis mrCeveli (aleqsandre WavWavaZe)
https://allwine.ge/ka/blog/aleqsandre-wavwavaze-poeti-mervine_0/
Rvinis turizmis globaluri konferencia
https://gnta.ge/ge/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%
83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%93-%E
1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0
%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%
9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98-%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95/
111
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: Tbilisi. • rogor Camoyalibda davalebis piroba:
analizi qvecnebebi: qvabuli, Tbilisis qvabuli warmoidgine, rom
• geografiuli kvleva terasa da ra gavlena iqonia drois manqanis dax
bunebrivi da sazoga reliefma gansaxleba marebiT warsulSi unda
doebrivi movlenebisa sa da ganaSenianebaze? imogzauro, mefe vax
da procesebis dak tang gorgasals samefo
virvebas, gaanali kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi karze estumro da
zebasa da Seswavlas (aqtivobebi, resursebi): Tanamedrove Tbilisi
gulisxmobs; gaacno. moamzade titre
• geografiuli kvle etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra biani slaidSou Tbilisis
visTvis monace sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri Sesaxeb samefo karze
mebis mopoveba davalebis prezentacia) warsadgenad.
SesaZlebelia sxva maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri
dasxva movlenaze davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom titrebian slaidSouSi
uSualo dakvirvebiT, kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda xazgasmiT warmoaCine:
sxvadasxva rukisa da Seqmnan titrebiani slaidSou, romelSic warmoa • geografiuli pirobe
informaciis wyaros Cenen Tbilisis daarsebisa da ganviTarebis procesSi bis roli Tbilisis
(cxrili, sqema, diag bunebrivi pirobebis rols, ekologiuri probleme daarsebis da ganvi
rama, grafiki, foto) bis CamoyalibebaSi anTropogenuri faqtoris rolsa Tarebis procesSi;
gamoyenebiT; da Tbilisis mdgradi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebs. • urbanizaciis pro
• geografiuli kvlevis maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac cesis ganviTarebis
Sedegebi sxvadasxva titrebian slaidSouSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis mizezebi da qalaqis
formiT SeiZleba kriteriumebia. funqciebis mraval
gamoisaxos (ruka, aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli geog ferovneba;
cxrili, grafiki, rafiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davalebaze • anTropogenuri ze
diagrama, foto); muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geografi moqmedebis gavlena
• geografiul kvlevas uli kvleva. Tbilisis ekolo
xSirad praqtikuli maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen, giuri problemebis
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi xom ar gauCndaT kiTxvebi davalebis pirobasa da CamoyalibebaSi;
saSualebiT SeiZleba kriteriumebidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maT • Tbilisi, rogorc
sxvadasxva movle Tvis bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTule mdgradi qalaqi.
nisa da procesis bas. gaasityve Seni kvleva.
Sedegebis progno
zireba). etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne
cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war-
geografiuli garsi modgenebis damuSaveba
• geografiuli garsi
Sedgeba geosferoe aqtivobebi:
bisagan (liTosfero,
atmosfero, hidros N1.
fero, biosfero), moswavleebi aanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi
romelsac axasiaTebs mocemul informacias (rukebi ix. saxelmZRvanelo
mTeli rigi kanonzo Si), statias – „Zveli da axali Tbilisi“ (ix. bmuli
mierebebi; resursebSi) da adgenen qalaq Tbilisis geografiul
• adamianebis wyalobiT mdebareobasa da bunebriv pirobebs. isini ecnobian
yalibdeba noosfero informacias qalaq Tbilisis municipalitetis meri
(gonis sfero), rome is oficialur vebgverdze (vebgverdis misamarTi ix.
lic zemoqmedebs sxva resursebSi) da daadgenen Tbilisis gafarToebisa da
geosferoebze. ganviTarebis process saukuneebis mixedviT.
112
geografiuli procesi moswavleebi gaaanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi
• yvela geografiul mocemul SemTxvevis analizs da statias da upasu
processa da movlenas xeben TandarTul kiTxvebs. imsjeleben, rogor yal
sakuTari mizezi da ibdeboda da icvleboda droTa ganmavlobaSi qalaq
Sedegi aqvs da gansx Tbilisis funqcia. aseve, gaecnobian statiebs –
vavebuli xangrZlivo „Tbilisi msoflios qalaqebis turizmis asocia
biT mimdinareobs; ciis wevri gaxda“, „Tbilisi saukeTeso turistuli
• geografiuli movle qalaqebis siaSi moxvda“ (ix. bmulebi resursebSi).
nebisa da procesebis gaanalizebul informacias miscemen Sesaqmnel
Sedegad yalibdeba da titrebian slaidSouSi Sesatan formas.
gardaiqmneba dedami
wis geografiuli N3.
garsi. gaecnobian statiebs – „Tbilisi ekologiuri
katastrofebis naRmebze“ da „Tbilisis ekologi
mosaxleoba da meurneoba uri problemebi“ (statiis bmulebi ix. resursebSi),
• bunebrivi garemo gav gaecnobian qalaq Tbilisis ekologiur problemebs,
lenas axdens mosax imsjeleben gamomwvev mizezebze da dasaxaven prob
leobasa da meur lemebis gadaWris gzebs. aseve, ganixilaven Tbilisis,
neobaze. sxvadasxva rogorc mdgradi qalaqis, ganviTarebis perspeq
qveyanaSi meurneobis tivebs.
esa Tu is dargia wamy
vani, rac Sromis geog N4. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia
rafiul danawilebas moswavleebi warmoadgenen titrebian slaidSous,
ganapirobebs; aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs, romlebic
• mosaxleobisa da gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis dros, ra
meurneobis struqtu daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra problemebsa da sirTu
ra, ganawileba da leebs waawydnen, romlebsac momaval kompleqsur
ganlageba cvalebadia davalebaze muSaobisas gaiTvaliswineben.
drosa da sivrceSi;
• saxelmwifo gavle resursebi:
mimdinare socialur- qalaq Tbilisis municipalitetis meria
ekonomikur pro http://tbilisi.gov.ge/pages/history
cesebze, rac mis Zveli da axali Tbilisi
ganviTarebis doneze http://dzvelidaaxalitbilisi.blogspot.com/
aisaxeba. Tbilisi msoflios qalaqebis turizmis asociaciis
wevri gaxda
mdgradi ganviTareba https://droa.ge/?p=52904
• lokalur qmedebebs Tbilisi saukeTeso turistuli qalaqebis siaSi mox
globaluri Sedegebi vda
SeiZleba mohyves; https://www.vivus.ge/axali-ambebi/tbilisi-sauketeso-turistuli-
• mdgradi ganviTarebis qalaqebis-siashi-moxvda/
miznebis (socialuri, Tbilisi ekologiuri katastrofebis naRmebze
ekonomikuri, gare http://eugeorgia.info/ka/article/334/tbilisi-ekologiuri-katastrofebis-
mosdacviTi da keTil nagmebze--/
dReoba) Sesruleba Tbilisis ekologiuri problemebi
aucilebelia moma https://geoecoproblems.wordpress.com/
vali Taobebis keTil
dReobisTvis.
113

საქართველოს მთიანეთი
ciurixis (Sveicaria) cnobili kartografiuli institutis monaceme

biT, dedamiwis reliefis Semdegi suraTi gvaqvs: xmeleTis TiTqmis 50%
zR.d. 500 m-ze maRlaa, maT Soris 27% – 1000 m-ze, 1% – 2000 m-ze, 5% – 3000
m-ze da 2% – 4000 m-ze mdebareobs.
es monacemebi adasturebs, rom dedamiwaze mTis teritoriebs xvedriTi
woniT mniSvnelovani adgili ukaviaT.
savaraudod, momavalSi maTi roli kidev ufro gaizrdeba da isini
kacobriobis ganviTarebis erT-erTi ganmsazRvreli piroba-faqtoris
funqcias SeiZenen.
am etapze ar arsebobs mTiani regionebis mdgradi ganviTarebis univer
saluri, erTiani Targi da yvela qveyana, Tavisi problematikidan gamomdi
nare, sakuTar politikas SeimuSavebs. arsebobs mTiani regionebis ganviTa
rebis saerTaSoriso gamocdileba, magaliTad, alpebis dacvis konvencia
(alpebis konvencia, 1991), romlis gamocdilebis gaziarebiTac Seiqmna
karpatebis dacvisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis CarCo-konvencia.
warmoidgine, rom maRalmTiani qveynebis konferenciaze xar miwveuli,
rogorc saqarTvelos warmomadgeneli da monawileob mTiani regione
bis mdgradi ganviTarebis erTiani politikis SemuSavebaSi. Seni mizania,
waradgino kavkasiis mTiani regionis dacvisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis
CarCo-konvencia anu „alpuri konvenciis“ kavkasiuri varianti – „kavkasiis
konvencia“.
კონვენციაში ხაზგასმით წარმოაჩინე:
• bunebrivi pirobebis roli maRalmTiani dasaxlebebis problemebis

CamoyalibebaSi;
• maRalmTiani dasaxlebebis problemebis gadaWris gzebi;
• maRalmTiani dasaxlebebis mniSvneloba qveynis mdgradi ganviTare
bisaTvis;
• saqarTvelos maRalmTiani regionebis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi.
114
• gaecani mTiani regionebis msoflio gamocdilebas. magaliTad, „alpur

konvencias“;
• daadgine maRalmTian dasaxlebebSi arsebuli problemebi da daajgu
fe prioritetebis mixedviT;
• daadgine maRalmTiani dasaxlebebi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi da
gaakeTe arsebuli situaciis analizi:
1. maRalmTiani dasaxlebebis ekonomikuri profili;
2. maRalmTiani dasaxlebebis turistuli potenciali;
3. maRalmTiani dasaxlebebis soflis meurneoba da satransporto
infrastruqtura;
4. komunaluri da sakomunikacio servisebi maRalmTian dasaxlebebSi;
5. janmrTeloba da socialuri dacva maRalmTian dasaxlebebSi;
6. ganaTleba da codnis done maRalmTian dasaxlebebSi.
• SeimuSave aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTiani regionis magaliTze Tanam
Sromlobis ZiriTadi sferoebi.
statiebi:
mTa
http://geofauna.ge/index.php?page=geo_nature_single&id=1117
msoflios mTiani regionebis ganviTarebis gamocdileba
http://mastsavlebeli.ge/?p=14574
mTiani regionebi
saqarTvelos realoba da saerTaSoriso gamocdileba
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Olga_Dorokhina/publication/339712394_
Mountain_regions_reality_in_Georgia_and_international_experience-
mtiani_regionebi_sakartvelos_realoba_da_saertashoriso_gamotsdileba/
links/5e60b7d9a6fdccbeba1ca09e/Mountain-regions-reality-in-Georgia-and-
international-experience-mtiani-regionebi-sakartvelos-realoba-da-saertashoriso-
gamotsdileba.pdf
maRalmTiani regionebis socialuri da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis xel
Semwyobi pirobebi (evropuli gamocdileba)
http://www.parliament.ge/files/714_9879_160414_RPMTEBI.pdf
saqarTvelos mTianeTis socialur-ekonomikuri da ekologiuri ganvi
Tarebis Taviseburebani da perspeqtivebi
file:///C:/Users/HP/Downloads/375-Article%20Text-691-1-10-20191226.pdf
nino TarxniSvili – mTis kanoni mTaSi dasabruneblad
https://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/a/mtis-kanoni/27425593.html
videoebi:
aq, axla – xevsureTi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVx2M1R4tHM
es saqarTveloa – xevi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCq5Pf7s0E4
es saqarTveloa – TuSeTi
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E
1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98
115
Tema: samxreTi saqarTvelo (samcxe-javaxeTi) saaTebis savaraudo raodenoba: 12 (+4) sT

• vulkanuri reliefi – javaxeTis zegani (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli
garsi, geografiuli procesi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba; mdgradi ganviTareba);
• erozia (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli movlena, geografiuli pro
cesi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba; mdgradi ganviTareba);
• goderZis uReltexili (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli garsi; mosax
leoba da meurneoba; mdgradi ganviTareba);
• kontinenturi hava (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli garsi; mosaxleoba
da meurneoba);
• borjomis mineraluri wyali (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli garsi;
mosaxleoba da meurneoba; mdgradi ganviTareba);
• namarxi tye (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; geografiuli garsi; mosaxleoba da meur
neoba; mdgradi ganviTareba);
• mecxoveleoba (samizne cnebebi: geografiuli kvleva da analizi; mosaxleoba da meurneoba; mdgradi gan
viTareba).

• kavkasiaSi pirveli observatoria abasTumanSi • ratom daarsda kavkasiaSi pirveli observatoria
mdebareobs; abasTumanSi?
• samxreTi saqarTvelo vulkanuri reliefiT • ratom gamoirCeva samxreTi saqarTvelo vulka
gamoirCeva; nuri reliefiT?
• samxreT saqarTveloSi kontinenturi havaa; • ratomaa samxreT saqarTveloSi kontinenturi
• samxreTi saqarTvelo mdidaria tbebiT; hava?
• samxreTi saqarTvelo eTnikuri da religiuri • ratomaa mdidari samxreTi saqarTvelo tbebiT?
mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva; • ratom gamoirCeva samxreTi saqarTvelo eTnikuri
• samxreT saqarTveloSi ganviTarebulia mesaqon da religiuri mravalferovnebiT?
leoba da mekartofileoba; • ratomaa ganviTarebuli samxreT saqarTveloSi
• samxreT saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia kldeSi mesaqonleoba da mekartofileoba?
nakveTi sacxovrisebi; • ratomaa gavrcelebuli samxreT saqarTveloSi
• samxreT saqarTveloze baqo-jeihanis milsadeni kldeSi nakveTi sacxovrisebi?
gadis; • ratom gadis samxreT saqarTveloSi baqo-
• kaTolikeebi mxolod samxreT saqarTveloSi jeihanis milsadeni?
cxovroben. • ris gageba SemiZlia samxreT saqarTvelos Sesaxeb
rukis gamoyenebiT?
samxreT saqarTvelos Sesaswavlad?
116
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: vulkanuri • ratom axasiaTebs davalebis piroba:
analizi reliefi – javaxeTis samxreT saqarTvelos vulkanebis moqmedeba
• geografiuli kvleva zegani. vulkanuri reliefi? mxolod katastrofebs
bunebrivi da sazoga qvecnebebi: vulkanuri ar iwvevs. vulkanis moq
doebrivi movlenebisa konusi, lavuri nakadebi, medebis Sedegad xSirad
da procesebis dak vulkanuri platoebi krateruli an vulka
virvebas, gaanali nuri tba warmoiqmneba.
zebasa da Seswavlas kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi raki krateri, rogorc
gulisxmobs; (aqtivobebi, resursebi): wesi, wris formisaa
• geografiuli kvle da maRali kedlebiTaa
visTvis monace etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra SemosazRvruli, amitom
mebis mopoveba sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri kraterul tbas cota
SesaZlebelia sxva davalebis prezentacia). Senakadi aqvs da TiTqmis
dasxva movlenaze maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri ar gaaCnia mdinareuli
uSualo dakvirvebiT, davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom Camonadeni.
sxvadasxva rukisa da kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda warmoidgine, rom samec
informaciis wyaros Seqmnan 2 vulkanuri warmoSobis tbis Sedarebis niero eqspediciis wevri
(cxrili, sqema, diag sqema, romelSic unda warmoaCinon javaxeTis zega xar, rogorc limnologi
rama, grafiki, foto) ni – vulkanuri reliefis CamoyalibebaSi monawile da migavlines javaxe
gamoyenebiT; endogenuri Zalebis moqmedebis Sedegebi; javaxeTis Tis vulkanuri tbebis
• geografiuli kvlevis zeganze mdebare tbebis warmoSobis faqtorebi Sesaswavlad. Seni mizania,
Sedegebi sxvadasxva da maTi roli saqarTvelos bunebrivi pirobebis Seiswavlo 2 tba da Seqmna
formiT SeiZleba CamoyalibebaSi; javaxeTis vulkanuri tbebis gare Sedarebis sqema.
gamoisaxos (ruka, mosdacviTi sakiTxebi.
cxrili, grafiki, maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, Sedarebis sqemaSi xazgas-
diagrama, foto); rac Sedarebis sqemaSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis miT warmoaCine:
• geografiul kvlevas kriteriumebia. aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Cata • endogenuri Zalebis
xSirad praqtikuli rebuli geografiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena moqmedebis gavlena
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi davalebaze muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisx javaxeTis tbebis war
saSualebiT SeiZleba mobs geografiuli kvleva. moSobaSi;
sxvadasxva movle maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen • javaxeTis tbebis
nisa da procesis xom ar gauCndaT kiTxvebi davalebis pirobasa da kri gavlena buneb
Sedegebis progno teriumebidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maTTvis rivi pirobebis
zireba). bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas. CamoyalibebaSi;
• javaxeTis tbebis gav
geografiuli garsi etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne lena adgilobrivi
• geografiuli garsi cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- mosaxleobis cxovre
Sedgeba geosferoebi modgenebis damuSaveba baSi;
sagan (liTosfero, • javaxeTis vulkanuri
atmosfero, hidro aqtivobebi: tbebis garemosdacvi
sfero, biosfero), Ti sakiTxebi.
romelsac axasiaTebs N1. gaasityve Seni kvleva.
mTeli rigi kanonzo moswavleebi aanalizeben saqarTvelosa da
mierebebi; samcxe-javaxeTis fizikur da orografiuli rukebs
• adamianebis wyalobiT ( rukebi ix. saxelmZRvaneloSi) da adgenen javaxeTis
yalibdeba noosfero zegnis geografiul mdebareobas, mis warmoSobas,
(gonis sfero), rome umaRles mwvervalsa da simaRles. isini aseve ganixi
lic zemoqmedebs sxva laven SemTxvevis analizs (ix. saxelmZRvanelo) da
geosferoebze. adgenen samcxe-javaxeTSi vulkanuri reliefis
tipebsa da gavrcelebis areals.
117
mosaxleoba da meurneoba moswavleebi CainiSnaven maTTvis mniSvnelovan
• bunebrivi garemo gav informacias kriteriumidan gamomdinare;
lenas axdens mosax
leobasa da meur N2.
neobaze. sxvadasxva moswavleebi gaanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi
qveyanaSi meurneobis mocemul teqstsa da daculi teritoriebis vebg
esa Tu is dargia wam verds „javaxeTis daculi teritoriebis biomrav
yvani, rac Sromis geo alferovneba“ (bmuli ix. resursebSi) da daadgenen
grafiul danawilebas javaxeTis zeganze mdebare tbebs, aRweren tbebis
ganapirobebs; regionis bunebriv pirobebs, florasa da fau
• mosaxleobisa da nas; daadgenen javaxeTis tbebis rols bunebrivi
meurneobis struqtu pirobebis CamoyalibebaSi da gaigeben ratom uwode
ra, ganawileba da ben samxreT saqarTvelos vulkanur mTianeTs tbebis
ganlageba cvalebadia mxares.
drosa da sivrceSi; gaanalizebul informacias miscemen Sesaqmnel
• saxelmwifo gavle Sedarebis sqemaSi Sesatan formas.
mimdinare socialur- N3.
ekonomikur pro moswavleebi uyureben videofilms da ecnobian
cesebze, rac mis statiebs „ tabawyuri evropuli Rirebulebebidan
ganviTarebis doneze ase axlos da ase Sors“ da „sofeli tabawyuri da
aisaxeba. tabawyuris tba“ (videofilmisa da statiebis bmule
bi ix. resursebSi) da daadgenen adgilobrivi mosax
mdgradi ganviTareba leobis sameurneo saqmianobaSi tabawyuris tbis gav
• lokalur qmedebebs lenas; aseve gamoyofen tabawyuris tbis ekologiur
globaluri Sedegebi problemebs. imsjeleben mosaxleobis saqmianobasa
SeiZleba mohyves; da ekologiur problemebs Soris urTierTkavSirze.
• mdgradi ganviTarebis dasaxaven problemebis gadaWris gzebs.
miznebis (socialuri, moswavleebi regionis fizikur rukaze ( ruka ix.
ekonomikuri, gare saxelmZRvaneloSi) SearCeven meore tbas da miRe
mosdacviTi da keTil bul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT Seiswavlian da
dReoba) Sesruleba Seadareben tba tabawyurs.
aucilebelia moma gaanalizebul informacias miscemen Sesaqmnel
vali Taobebis keTil Sedarebis sqemaSi Sesatan formas.
dReobisTvis.
moswavleebi warmoadgenen Sedarebis sqemas.
gamoiyenes kompleqsur davalebaze muSobis dros,
ra daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra problemebsa da sirTu
resursebi:
videofilmi: tabawyuri
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gXDKacDCsDs
tabawyuri evropuli Rirebulebebidan ase axlos da
ase Sors
http://eugeorgia.info/ka/articleblog/59/tabawyuri--evropuli-girebule-
bebidan-ase-axlos-da-ase-shors/
sofeli tabawyuri da tabawyuris tba
https://inadire.ge/tabatskuri/
javaxeTis daculi teritoriebis biomravalfer
ovneba
https://apa.gov.ge/ge/biomravalferovneba/djavaxetis-daculi-terito-
riebis-biomravalferovneba
118
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: erozia. • ra saxis stiqiuri davalebis piroba:
analizi qvecnebebi: niadagi, sof bunebrivi procese niadagi eroziis
• geografiuli kvleva lis meurneoba bia gavrcelebuli Sedegad kargavs sakveb
bunebrivi da sazoga samxreT saqarTveloSi nivTierebebs, abinZurebs
doebrivi movlenebisa da rogor umklavde mdinareebs da sabolood
da procesebis dak bian maT? teritorias udabnod
virvebas, gaanali aqcevs. erozia buneb
zebasa da Seswavlas kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi rivi procesia, Tumca
gulisxmobs; (aqtivobebi, resursebi): adamianis saqmianobis
• geografiuli kvle gavleniT es procesi
visTvis monace etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra ufro intensiurad mim
mebis mopoveba sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri dinareobs.
SesaZlebelia sxva davalebis prezentacia). warmoidgine, rom muSa
dasxva movlenaze maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri ob soflis meurneobis
uSualo dakvirvebiT, davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom kom saministroSi niadagebis
sxvadasxva rukisa da pleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda Seqmnan departamentSi, rome
informaciis wyaros infografika, romelSic unda warmoaCinon eroziis lic ikvlevs eroziis
(cxrili, sqema, diag warmoqmnis procesi, misi gamomwvevi bunebrivi process. Seni mizania,
rama, grafiki, foto) da anTropogenuri faqtorebi da prevenciisa da mosaxleobis cnobiere
gamoyenebiT; SesustebisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebebi. bis amaRleba da CarTva
• geografiuli kvlevis maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac eroziis masStabebis
Sedegebi sxvadasxva infografikaSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis krite Sesamcirebel samuSaoeb
formiT SeiZleba riumebia; aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli Si, risTvisac unda
gamoisaxos (ruka, geografiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davale moamzado infografika:
cxrili, grafiki, baze muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geog „vebrZviT erozias!“.
diagrama, foto); rafiuli kvleva.
• geografiul kvlevas maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrd infografikaSi xazgasmiT
xSirad praqtikuli nen davalebis pirobidan da kriteriumebidan warmoaCine:
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi gamomdinare, Tu gauCndaT kiTxvebi, an Tu aris raime • bunebrivi da anTropo
saSualebiT SeiZleba maTTvis bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimar genuri faqtore
sxvadasxva movle Tulebas. bis gavlena eroziis
nisa da procesis CamoyalibebaSi;
Sedegebis progno etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne • eroziis gavlena gare
zireba). cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri warmosa da adgilobrivi
modgenebis damuSaveba mosaxleobis yofa-
geografiuli movlena, cxovrebaze;
geografiuli procesi aqtivobebi: • eroziis prevenciisa
• yvela geografiul da SesustebisaTvis
processa da movlenas N1. saWiro RonisZiebebi.
sakuTari mizezi da moswavleebi atareben saxelmZRvaneloSi moce gaasityve Seni kvleva.
Sedegi aqvs da gansxva mul cdas da msjeloben, ra kavSiria eroziasTan.
vebuli xangrZlivo Semdeg isini aanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi arse
biT mimdinareobs; bul informacias da statias – „niadagis erozia
• geografiuli movle da masTan brZola“ (statiis bmuli ix. resursebSi)
nebisa da procesebis da adgenen eroziis saxeebs, mis uaryofiT da
Sedegad yalibdeba da dadebiT mxareebs. aRweren maT mier Seqmnili
gardaiqmneba dedami reliefis formebs; msjeloben saqarTveloSi ero
wis geografiuli ziis gavrcelebis arealebze, adgenen, savaraudod,
garsi. romel dasaxlebul punqtebs Seuqmnis erozia saSiS
roebas da ratom.
119
• bunebrivi garemo gav moswavleebi gaaanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi
lenas axdens mosax mocemul teqstsa da statias „niadagis erozia da
leobasa da meur masTan brZola“ (statiis bmuli ix. resursebSi)
neobaze. sxvadasxva da Seafaseben Rvarcofis warmoqmnis bunebriv da
qveyanaSi meurneobis anTropogenur faqtorebs; aseve, gaecnobian da
esa Tu is dargia wamy imsjeleben eroziis moqmedebis Sedegebs.
vani, rac Sromis geo gaanalizebul informacias miscemen Sesaqmnel
grafiul danawilebas infografikaSi Sesatan formas.
ganapirobebs;
meurneobis struqtu moswavleebi gaecnobian vebresurss – „rogor
ra, ganawileba da SeiZleba aviciloT erozia“ (bmuli ix. resursebSi)
ganlageba cvalebadia da Seadgenen eroziis moqmedebis sawinaaRmdego
drosa da sivrceSi; RonisZiebebis nusxas prioritetebis mixedviT.
• saxelmwifo gavle gamoiyeneben vebgverdsa da resursebSi arsebul
nas axdens qveyanaSi fotoebs da gaanalizebul informacias miscemen
mimdinare socialur- Sesaqmnel infografikaSi Sesatan formas.
ekonomikur pro
cesebze, rac mis N4. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia
ganviTarebis doneze moswavleebi warmoadgenen Sedgenil infografi
aisaxeba. kas, aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs, romlebic
mdgradi ganviTareba daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra problemebsa da sirTuleebs
• lokalur qmedebebs waawydnen, romlebsac momaval kompleqsur davale
globaluri Sedegebi baze muSaobisas gaiTvaliswineben.
SeiZleba mohyves;
• mdgradi ganviTarebis resursebi:
miznebis (socialuri,
ekonomikuri, gare niadagis erozia da masTan brZola
mosdacviTi da keTil https://agrokavkaz.ge/fermerta-skola/ra-unda-vitsodeth-akhali-
dReoba) Sesruleba gazonis-chaqhris-an-dzvelis-ganakhlebisathvis.html
aucilebelia moma rogor SeiZleba aviciloT erozia
vali Taobebis keTil https://www.wikihow.com/Prevent-Soil-Erosion
dReobisTvis.
120
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: goderZis uRel • ra rols asrulebs davalebis piroba:
analizi texili. goderZis uReltexili samcxe-javaxeTi
• geografiuli kvleva qvecnebebi: ekonomika regionis ganviTare istoriuli mesxeTis,
bunebrivi da sazoga baSi? igive zemo qarTlis
doebrivi movlenebisa nawilia. mesxeTi isto
da procesebis dak kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi riuli samxreT-dasavleT
virvebas, gaanali (aqtivobebi, resursebi): saqarTvelos zogadi sax
zebasa da Seswavlas elwodebaa. Zveli isto
gulisxmobs; etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra riuli mesxeTi moicavda
• geografiuli kvle sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri mtkvris auzis zemo
visTvis monace davalebis prezentacia). nawils (samcxe, javaxeTi,
mebis mopoveba maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri kola, artaani, eruSeTi)
SesaZlebelia sxva davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom da Woroxis auzs mTli
dasxva movlenaze kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda anad (klarjeTi, SavSeTi,
uSualo dakvirvebiT, Seqmnan strategia, romelSic unda warmoaCinon go tao, speri, lazeTi, niga
sxvadasxva rukisa da derZis uReltexilis roli regionis ganviTarebis li, asisfori, TorTumi,
informaciis wyaros procesSi da misi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi. basiani). garkveuli peri
(cxrili, sqema, diag maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac odi aWarac da guriac
rama, grafiki, foto) strategiaSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis krite mesxeTis SemadgenlobaSi
gamoyenebiT; riumebia; aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli Sedioda. istoriuli
• geografiuli kvlevis geografiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davaleba mesxeTis didi nawili
Sedegebi sxvadasxva ze muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geog dRes TurqeTis respub
formiT SeiZleba rafiuli kvleva. likis farglebSia.
gamoisaxos (ruka, maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen, warmoidgine, rom
cxrili, grafiki, xom ar aqvT kiTxvebi davalebis pirobasa da krite samcxe-javaxeTis regio
diagrama, foto); riumebidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maTTvis nis rwmunebulad dagniS
• geografiul kvlevas bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas. nes. Seni mizania, mxaris
xSirad praqtikuli ganviTarebis procesSi
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne goderZis uReltexilis
saSualebiT SeiZleba cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- ganviTarebis strategiis
sxvadasxva movle modgenebis damuSaveba SemuSaveba.
nisa da procesis
Sedegebis progno aqtivobebi: strategiaSi xazgasmiT
zireba). warmoaCine:
N1. • bunebrivi faqtorebis
geografiuli garsi moswavleebi aanalizeben saqarTvelos fizikur mniSvneloba goder
• geografiuli garsi da orografiuli rukebs (rukebi ix. saxelmZRvane Zis uReltexilis
Sedgeba geosferoebi loSi) da adgenen goderZis uReltexilis adgilm Camoyalibebis pro
sagan (liTosfero, debareobas: romeli municipalitetis teritoriaze cesSi;
atmosfero, hidros mdebareobs arsianis qedi; romeli qedebiT aris • goderZis uReltexi
fero, biosfero), SemosazRvruli es municipaliteti; romeli uRel lis roli regionis
romelsac axasiaTebs texilebia arsianis qedze. aseve aRweren mis bune ganviTarebis proces
mTeli rigi kanonzo briv pirobebs. Si;
mierebebi; moswavleebi gaecnobian saxelmZRvaneloSi moce • goderZis uReltexi
• adamianebis wyalobiT mul informacias da statias „goderZis alpuri baRi lis ganviTarebis
yalibdeba noosfero vizitorebs xvalidan umaspinZlebs“ ( statiis bmuli perspeqtivebi.
(gonis sfero), rome ix. resursebSi) da daadgenen goderZis uReltexilis gaasityve Seni kvleva.
lic zemoqmedebs sxva SemogarenSi arsebul kurortebs, bunebriv da kul
geosferoebze. turul Zeglebs.
moswavleebi CainiSnaven maTTvis mniSvnelovan
informacias kriteriumidan gamomdinare;
121
• bunebrivi garemo gav moswavleebi ecnobian saxelmZRvaneloSi moce
lenas axdens mosax mul SemTxvevis analizs da daadgenen goderZis uRe
leobasa da meur ltexilis rols regionis ganviTarebis procesSi;
neobaze. sxvadasxva imsjeleben: ra mizezebma ganapiroba meialaReo
qveyanaSi meurneobis bis ganviTareba, aseve meialaReobis dadebiT da
esa Tu is dargia wamy uaryofiT mxareebze da gamoTqvamen sakuTar pozi
vani, rac Sromis geo cias – mecxoveleobis dargis SenarCuneba Tu tyis
grafiul danawilebas gadarCena. isini aseve daadgenen ra ekologiuri
ganapirobebs; problemebis winaSea goderZis uReltexili da ra
• mosaxleobisa da RonisZiebebi SeiZleba gatardes goderZis uReltex
meurneobis struqtu ilze merqniani xe-mcenareebis gadasarCenad.
ra, ganawileba da gaanalizebul informacias miscemen Sesaqmnel
ganlageba cvalebadia angariSSi Sesatan formas;
drosa da sivrceSi;
nas axdens qveyanaSi moswavleebi dasaxaven goderZis uReltexilis
mimdinare socialur- ganviTarebis perspeqtivebs.
ekonomikur pro gaanalizebul informacias miscemen Sesaqmnel
cesebze, rac mis angariSSi Sesatan formas;
ganviTarebis doneze
aisaxeba. N4. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia
moswavleebi warmoadgenen Sedgenil strategias,
mdgradi ganviTareba aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs, romlebic
• lokalur qmedebebs gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis dros, ra
globaluri Sedegebi daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra problemebsa da sirTu
SeiZleba mohyves; leebs waawydnen rasac momaval kompleqsur davale
• mdgradi ganviTarebis baze muSaobisas gaiTvaliswineben.
miznebis (socialuri,
ekonomikuri, gare resursebi:
mosdacviTi da keTil
dReoba) Sesruleba kurorti goderZi
aucilebelia moma http://khulo.ge/ge/tourism/kurorti-goderdzi
vali Taobebis keTil goderZis alpuri baRi vizitorebs xvalidan
dReobisTvis. umaspinZlebs
https://droa.ge/?p=79864
122
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: kontinenturi • ratom aris samxreT davalebis piroba:
analizi hava. saqarTveloSi kont kontinenturi klimati
• geografiuli kvleva qvecnebebi: temperatu rastuli hava? temperaturis mniSvne
bunebrivi da sazoga ruli amplituda, samedi lovani wliuri cvaleba
doebrivi movlenebisa cino turizmi dobiT xasiaTdeba, rac
da procesebis dak imiTaa gamowveuli, rom
virvebas, gaanali kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi siaxloves wylis mniS
zebasa da Seswavlas (aqtivobebi, resursebi): vnelovani sivrce ar arse
gulisxmobs; bobs. kontinenturi kli
• geografiuli kvle etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra matis mqone regionebSi
visTvis monace sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri gvxvdeba ara marto tye,
mebis mopoveba davalebis prezentacia) aramed dabalbuCqnaria
SesaZlebelia sxva maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri ni stepebi, rogorc
dasxva movlenaze davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom kom reliefis bunebrivi
uSualo dakvirvebiT, pleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda daweron damcveli. am regionebSi
sxvadasxva rukisa da moxseneba, romelSic warmoaCenen kontinenturi warmodgenilia yvelaze
informaciis wyaros havis rols adgilobrivi mosaxleobis saqmianobasa produqtiuli miwebi
(cxrili, sqema, diag da yofa-cxovrebaSi. mTel msoflioSi.
rama, grafiki, foto) maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac warmoidgine, rom kli
gamoyenebiT; moxsenebaSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kriteri matologi xar da saqarT
• geografiuli kvlevis umebia; aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli velos hidrometeoro
Sedegebi sxvadasxva geografiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davale logiis departamentSi
formiT SeiZleba baze muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geo muSaob. Tqvenma ucxoelma
gamoisaxos (ruka, grafiuli kvleva. kolegebma gTxoves, mige
cxrili, grafiki, maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen wodebinaT informacia
diagrama, foto); Tu aqvT kiTxvebi davalebis pirobasa da kriteriu moxsenebis saxiT abasT
• geografiul kvlevas mebidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maTTvis bun umnis klimatis da misi
xSirad praqtikuli dovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas. „gamoyenebis“ Sesaxeb.
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi
saSualebiT SeiZleba etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne moxsenebaSi xazgasmiT
sxvadasxva movle cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- warmoaCine:
nisa da procesis modgenebis damuSaveba • kontinenturi havis
Sedegebis progno roli regionis bu
zireba). aqtivobebi: nebrivi pirobebis
Camoyalibebis pro
geografiuli garsi N1. cesSi;
• geografiuli garsi moswavleebi aanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi • kontinenturi havis
Sedgeba geosferoebi mocemul teqsts, saqarTvelos klimatur rukas roli abasTumnis
sagan (liTosfero, (ruka ix. saxelmZRvaneloSi) da adgenen, saqarTve kurortad Camoya
atmosfero, hidros los teritoriaze sad aris gavrcelebuli konti libebis procesSi;
fero, biosfero), nenturi hava da romelma faqtorebma ganapiroba aq • kontinenturi havis
romelsac axasiaTebs aseTi havis Camoyalibeba; aseve gansazRvraven kon roli abasTumnis
mTeli rigi kanonzo tinenturi havis maxasiaTeblebs, imsjeleben konti observatoriis
mierebebi; nenturi havis rolze regionis bunebrivi pirobebis daarsebaSi;
• adamianebis wyalobiT Camoyalibebis procesSi. • kontinenturi havis
yalibdeba noosfero moswavleebi, kriteriumidan gamomdinare, roli adgilobrivi
(gonis sfero), rome CainiSnaven maTTvis mniSvnelovan informacias. mosaxleobis saqmia
lic zemoqmedebs sxva nobasa da yofa-
geosferoebze. N2. cxovrebaSi.
moswavleebi gaaanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi gaasityve Seni kvleva
mocemul informacias da statias – „mogzauroba
samcxe-javaxeTSi“ (statiis bmuli ix. resursebSi)
da daadgenen regionSi arsebul samkurnalo-
rekreaciulzonebsa da kurortebs.
123
mosaxleoba da meurneoba aseve gaecnobian statias – „kurorti abasTumani“
• bunebrivi garemo gav (statiis bmuli ix. resursebSi); amindis prognozis
lenas axdens mosax vebgverdis (bmuli ix. resursebSi) gamoyenebiT
leobasa da meur gansazRvraven abasTumnis klimatur maCveneblebs
neobaze. sxvadasxva da axsnian kontinenturi havis rols abasTumnis
qveyanaSi meurneobis kurortad Camoyalibebis processa da abasTumnis
esa Tu is dargia wam observatoriis daarsebaSi; moswavleebi, kriteriu
yvani, rac Sromis geo midan gamomdinare, CainiSnaven maTTvis mniSvnelovan
grafiul danawilebas informacias.
ganapirobebs;
meurneobis struqtu moswavleebi gaecnobian statias – „arqiteqtura
ra, ganawileba da javaxeTSi – saxlebi gamwvanebuli saxuravebiT“
ganlageba cvalebadia (bmuli ix. resursebSi), gaaanalizeben da axsnian kon
drosa da sivrceSi; tinenturi havis rols adgilobrivi mosaxleobis
• saxelmwifo gavle saqmianobasa da yofa-cxovrebaSi.
nas axdens qveyanaSi moswavleebi arCeven mniSvnelovani obieqtebis
mimdinare socialur- foto, video da teqstur resurss da weren moxse
ekonomikur pro nebas.
cesebze, rac mis
ganviTarebis doneze N4. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia
aisaxeba. moswavleebi warmoadgenen momzadebul moxsen
ebas, aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs, rom
sirTuleebs waawydnen, romlebsac momaval kom
pleqsur davalebaze muSaobisas gaiTvaliswineben.
resursebi:
amindis prognozi
https://www.meteoblue.com
mogzauroba samcxe-javaxeTSi
https://www.aversi.ge/ka/cnobari/1486/-mogzauroba-samckhe-
javakhetshi
kurorti abasTumani
http://www.ambioni.ge/kurorti-abastumani
arqiteqtura javaxeTSi – saxlebi gamwvanebuli
saxuravebiT
http://idaaf.com/ka/architecture-javakheti-grass-roofed-houses/
124
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: borjomis mine • ratomaa borjomis davalebis piroba:
analizi raluri wyali. mineraluri wyali Termuli da mineralu
• geografiuli kvleva qvecnebebi: samedicino msoflio mniSvnelo ri wylebis unikalu
bunebrivi da sazoga turizmi, ekonomika bis? ri Tvisebebi Zveli
doebrivi movlenebisa droidanaa cnobili. ad
da procesebis dak kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi gilobrivi mcxovrebni
virvebas, gaanali (aqtivobebi, resursebi): maT sxvadasxva daavadeb
zebasa da Seswavlas is samkurnalod iyenebd
gulisxmobs; etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra nen. saqarTveloSi 730-ze
• geografiuli kvle sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri meti saxeobis minera
visTvis monace davalebis prezentacia). luri wyali moipoveba,
mebis mopoveba maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri romlebic balneologi
SesaZlebelia sxva davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom uri mizniT da samrew
dasxva movlenaze kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad maT velo CamosxmisTvis
uSualo dakvirvebiT, unda Seqmnan posteri, romelSic warmoaCenen bor gamoiyeneba. maT Sorisaa
sxvadasxva rukisa da jomis mineraluri wylis istorias da mniSvnelobas msoflioSi cnobili bor
informaciis wyaros regionisa da qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi. jomis wyali.
(cxrili, sqema, diag maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac warmoidgine, rom bor
rama, grafiki, foto) posterSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis kriteriume jomis mineraluri wyleb
gamoyenebiT; bia; aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli geog is kompaniaSi sareklamo
• geografiuli kvlevis rafiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davalebaze ganyofilebaSi muSaob.
Sedegebi sxvadasxva muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geografi kompania axali bazrebis
formiT SeiZleba uli kvleva. aTvisebas da, Sesabamisad,
gamoisaxos (ruka, maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen, mineraluri wylis gatan
cxrili, grafiki, xom ar aqvT kiTxvebi davalebis pirobasa da krite as apirebs msoflios
diagrama, foto); riumebidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maTTvis sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. Seni
• geografiul kvlevas bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas. mizania, borjomis min
xSirad praqtikuli eraluri wylis gacnoba
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne am qveynebis mosaxle
saSualebiT SeiZleba cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- obisTvis da am mizniT
sxvadasxva movle modgenebis damuSaveba posteris momzadeba
nisa da procesis vebgverdis www. Canva.com
Sedegebis progno aqtivobebi: gamoyenebiT.
zireba).
N1. posterSi xazgasmiT war-
geografiuli garsi moswavleebi gaaanalizeben saqarTvelos fizikur moaCine:
• geografiuli garsi rukasa da informacias (ix. saxelmZRvaneloSi) da • borjomis mineraluri
Sedgeba geosferoebi daadgenen borjomis mineraluri wylis sabadoebis wylis CamoyalibebaSi
sagan (liTosfero, geografiul mdebareobas. aseve, gaecnobian sta endogenuri Zalebis
atmosfero, hidros tiebs – „borjomis vulkanuri warmoSoba“ da „bor gavlena;
fero, biosfero), jomis Sesaxeb“ (ix. statiis bmulebi resursebSi) da • borjomis wylis
romelsac axasiaTebs gaecnobian borjomis wylis Camoyalibebis process. istoriuli da
mTeli rigi kanonzo geografiul-ekono
mierebebi; N2. mikuri mniSvneloba
• adamianebis wyalobiT moswavleebi gaecnobian statias – „brendi, regionis ganviTarebis
yalibdeba noosfero romelmac saukunes gauZlo – `borjomi~ – (ix. bmuli procesSi;
(gonis sfero), rome resursebSi) da aRweren borjomis wylebis mopovebis • borjomis mineraluri
lic zemoqmedebs sxva istoriasa da process; daadgenen borjomis wylis wylis mniSvneloba
geosferoebze. popularobis gamomwvev faqtorebs; imsjeleben bor turizmis ganviTare
jomis wylis istoriul, geografiul da ekonomikur baSi.
mniSvnelobaze regionis ganviTarebis procesSi. gaasityve Seni kvlevis
saWiro monacemebs da informacias iniSnaven Sedegi.
posterSi gamosayeneblad.
125
• bunebrivi garemo gav moswavleebi naxaven videofilms – „borjomi~
lenas axdens mosax – 125 wliani istoria~ (ix. bmuli resursebSi) da
leobasa da meur imsjeleben, ramdenad SesaZlebelia saqarTveloSi
neobaze. sxvadasxva arsebuli mineraluri wylis, borjomis bazaze
qveyanaSi meurneobis samedicino turizmis ganviTareba.
esa Tu is dargia wam saWiro monacemebs da informacias iniSnaven
yvani, rac Sromis geo posterSi gamosayeneblad.
grafiul danawilebas
ganapirobebs; N4. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia
• mosaxleobisa da moswavleebi warmoadgenen momzadebul posters,
meurneobis struqtu aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs, romlebic
ra, ganawileba da gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis dros, ra
ganlageba cvalebadia daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra problemebsa da sirTu
drosa da sivrceSi; leebs waawydnen, romlebsac momaval kompleqsur
• saxelmwifo gavle davalebaze muSaobisas gaiTvaliswineben.
mimdinare socialur- resursebi:
ekonomikur pro
cesebze, rac mis „borjomi~ – 125-wliani istoria
ganviTarebis doneze https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1nvySIIagE
aisaxeba. „borjomis“ vulkanuri warmoSoba
https://www.borjomi.com/ge/water/origin/
mdgradi ganviTareba qarTuli mineraluri wylebi: istoria da sasarge
• lokalur qmedebebs blo Tvisebebi
globaluri Sedegebi https://sputnik-georgia.com/tips/20170324/235303292/qartuli-
SeiZleba mohyves; minerluri-wylebi.html
• mdgradi ganviTarebis mineraluri wylebi
miznebis (socialuri, https://travelinborjomi.ge/ka/minerals
ekonomikuri, gare borjomis Sesaxeb
mosdacviTi da keTil https://www.borjomi.com/ge/water/#0
dReoba) Sesruleba
aucilebelia moma
vali Taobebis keTil
dReobisTvis.
126
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: namarxi tye. • raze metyvelebs gana davalebis piroba:
analizi qvecnebebi: bunebis Zegli marxebuli tyis arse bunebis Zegli
• geografiuli kvleva boba? erovnuli mniSvnelobis
bunebrivi da sazoga mqone SedarebiT mcire
doebrivi movlenebisa kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi teritoriaa, sadac war
da procesebis dak (aqtivobebi, resursebi): modgenilia iSviaTi,
virvebas, gaanali unikaluri da maRali
zebasa da Seswavlas etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra esTetikuri maxasiaTe
gulisxmobs; sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri blebis mqone kompaqturi
• geografiuli kvle davalebis prezentacia) ekosistemebi, calkeuli
visTvis monace maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri geomorfologiuri da
mebis mopoveba davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom war hidrologiuri war
SesaZlebelia sxva moadginon kvlevis Sedegebi, romelsac ganaTavseben monaqmnebi, mcenareTa
dasxva movlenaze vebgverdze, romelSic unda warmoaCinon namarxi calkeuli egzemplarebi
uSualo dakvirvebiT, tyis mniSvneloba da garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebi an cocxal organizmTa
sxvadasxva rukisa da misi SenarCunebisTvis. namarxi obieqtebi. bune
informaciis wyaros maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac bis Zegli SeiZleba iyos
(cxrili, sqema, diag gansaTavsebel kvlevis SedegebSi unda warmoaCinon, mRvime, xeoba, mdinaris
rama, grafiki, foto) Sefasebis kriteriumebia. delta, tyis koromi da
gamoyenebiT; aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli geogra sxv. 2020 wlis mdgomareo
• geografiuli kvlevis fiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davalebaze muSa biT, saqarTveloSi 289
Sedegebi sxvadasxva obis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geografiuli bunebis Zeglia da maTi
formiT SeiZleba kvleva. saerTo farTobi 2748.99
gamoisaxos (ruka, maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen, ha-ia.
cxrili, grafiki, xom ar gauCndaT kiTxvebi davalebis pirobasa da warmoidgine, rom
diagrama, foto); kriteriumebidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maT kavkasiis garemos
• geografiul kvlevas Tvis bundovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTule dacviTi arasamTavrobo
xSirad praqtikuli bas. organizaciebis qselSi –
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi CENN-Si muSaob da buneb
saSualebiT SeiZleba etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne is unikaluri Zeglis –
sxvadasxva movle cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- goderZis ganamarxebuli
nisa da procesis modgenebis damuSaveba tyis Seswavla dagevala.
Sedegebis progno Seni mizania, Caataro
zireba). aqtivobebi: kvleva da daadgino, ra
safrTxeebis winaSe dgas
geografiuli garsi N1. ganamarxebuli tye, xolo
• geografiuli garsi moswavleebi aanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi kvlevis procesi da Se
Sedgeba geosferoebi mocemul informacias da adgenen goderZis gana degi ganaTavso organi
sagan (liTosfero, marxebuli tyis geografiul mdebareobas; isini zaciis vebgverdze.
atmosfero, hidros gaecnobian teqsts (ix. bmuli resursebSi) da
fero, biosfero), imsjeleben namarxi tyis Camoyalibebis faqtorebisa kvlevaSi xazgasmiT war-
romelsac axasiaTebs da misi mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb. moaCine:
mTeli rigi kanonzo moswavleebi CainiSnaven, kriteriumidan gamomdi • bunebrivi faqtorebis
mierebebi; nare, maTTvis mniSvnelovan informacias. gavlena ganamarxebuli
• adamianebis wyalobiT tyis Camoyalibebis
yalibdeba noosfero N2. procesSi;
(gonis sfero), rome moswavleebi gaecnobian saxelmZRvaneloSi • ganamarxebuli tyis
lic zemoqmedebs sxva mocemul SemTxvevis analizs da ganixilaven gare mniSvneloba adgilob
geosferoebze. mosdacviTi RonisZiebebis saWiroebas namarxi tyis rivi mosaxleobis
gadasarCenad; imsjeleben namarxi tyis geografiuli cxovrebaSi;
mdebareobidan gamomdinare, romeli regionisTvis • bunebrivi da anTropo
ufro mniSvnelovania tyis gadarCena – aWarisTvis genuri saqmianobis
Tu samcxe-javaxeTisTvis. gavlena ganamarxebul
tyeze;
127
mosaxleoba da meurneoba gaanalizebul informacias miscemen Sesaqmnel • garemosdacviTi
• bunebrivi garemo gav vebgverdze Sesatan formas. RonisZiebebi gana
lenas axdens mosax marxebuli tyis
leobasa da meur N3. SenarCunebisTvis.
neobaze. sxvadasxva moswavleebi gaecnobian saxelmZRvaneloSi gaasityve Seni kvleva.
qveyanaSi meurneobis mocemul informaciasa da statias – „bunebis uni
esa Tu is dargia wamy kalur Zegls safrTxe emuqreba“ (statiis bmuli ix.
vani, rac Sromis geo resursebSi) da daadgenen, ra safrTxis winaSea es
grafiul danawilebas unikaluri Zegli, aseve safrTxis gamomwvev bunebriv
ganapirobebs; da anTropogenur faqtorebs da imsjeleben namarxi
• mosaxleobisa da tyis garemosdacviT RonisZiebebze.
meurneobis struqtu gaanalizebul informacias miscemen Sesaqmnel
ra, ganawileba da vebgverdze Sesatan formas.
drosa da sivrceSi; N4. kompleqsuri davalebebis prezentacia
• saxelmwifo gavle moswavleebi warmoadgenen kvlevis Sedegebs,
nas axdens qveyanaSi aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs, romlebic
mimdinare socialur- gaiares kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis dros, ra
ekonomikur pro daskvnebi gamoitanes, ra problemebsa da sirTu
cesebze, rac mis leebs waawydnen, romlebsac momaval kompleqsur
ganviTarebis doneze davalebaze muSaobisas gaiTvaliswineben.
aisaxeba.
resursebi:
mdgradi ganviTareba
• lokalur qmedebebs RirsSesaniSnaoba: goderZis namarxi tyis bunebis
globaluri Sedegebi Zegli
SeiZleba mohyves; https://apa.gov.ge/ge/protected-areas/Naturalmonument/goderdzis-
• mdgradi ganviTarebis namarxi-tyis-bunebis-dzegli
miznebis (socialuri, bunebis unikalur Zegls safrTxe emuqreba
ekonomikuri, gare http://environment.cenn.org/ge/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%8
mosdacviTi da keTil 3%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1-%E1
dReoba) Sesruleba %83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%
aucilebelia moma E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%AB%E1%83%
vali Taobebis keTil 94%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%A1/
dReobisTvis. 289
bunebrivi Zegli saqarTveloSi
https://georgiantravelguide.com/ka/what-to-do/buneba
teqsti:
goderZis namarxi tye – es aris bunebis uiSvia
Tesi Zegli, romelic Tavisi adgilmdebareobiT,
namarxi floriTa da gaqvavebuli xeebis unikaluri
samuzeumo egzemplarebiT udidesi mniSvnelobisaa.
namarxi tye iwyeba adigenis raionidan, sofel
utkino ubnidan (zR.d. 1450 m) da moicavs zemo aWara
sac, sofel riyeTamde (zR.d. 1100 m). namarxi tyis
farTobi daaxloebiT 70-80 km2-ia. mis centralur
nawilSi mdebareobs goderZis uReltexili, sadac
(zR.d. 2025 m) gadis axalqalaqi-baTumis saavtomo
bilo gza.
goderZis wyebis teritoriis (bunebis Zeglis)
reliefi sakmaod rTulia, mTagoriani da danawevre
buli. igi agebulia zeda miocenur-qveda pliocenu
ri asakis naleqebiT, romelic warmodgenilia
vulkanogenuri qanebiT – vulkanuri breqCiebiT,
lavuri ganfenebiT da konglomeratebiT. wyebis
maqsimaluri simZlavre 250 m-s aRwevs. kldeebze,
128
gzis gaswvriv, bunebrivi gaSiSvlebebis vulkanur
breqCiebSi, kargad moCans ganamarxebuli floris da
gaqvavebuli xis sxvadasxva zomis, formisa da orien
tirebis bunebrivi gamosavlebi.
goderZis vulkanogenur-danaleqi wyebis TiTqmis
mTel simZlavreze Cawolilia gaqvavebuli xeebi,
romlebic qanebSi Zalze araTanabradaa ganawilebu
li. isini gvxvdeba yvela saxis qanSi, romliTac
warmodgenilia goderZis wyeba. es imaze miuTiTebs,
rom gaqvavebuli xeebisa da wyebis amgebi qanebis
warmoSoba erTdroulad mimdinareobda. vulkanis
amofrqvevisas tye ifareboda vulkanuri ferfliT,
romlis simZlavris qveS xeebi waiqca, totebi da
Reroebi daimsxvra da ganamarxda. gaqvavebuli xis
CanarTebi qanebSi ganlagebulia horizontalu
rad, vertikalurad da sxvadasxva kuTxiT daxril
mdgomareobaSi. CanarTebi gvxvdeba rogorc calkeu
li morebis saxiT, sigrZiT 3 m-mde, aseve sxvadasxva
formisa da zomis natexebis saxiT. maTi diametri
meryeobs 5-dan 70 sm-mde. iSviaTad gvxvdeba ufro
didi diametris mqone (1 m-mde) CanarTebic.
gaqvavebuli xis nimuSebisgan damzadebul Sli
febSi Cans, rom xis struqtura xazobriv-boWkovania
da TiTqmis mTliani sawyisi masa Canacvlebulia
opaliTa da qalcedoniT, gaqvavebuli xis napralebi
da sicarieleebi ki amovsebulia qalcedoniTa da
kvarciT. gaqvavebuli xis zogierT nimuSSi, opalsa
da qalcedonTan erTad zrdis zolebis gaswvriv,
SeimCneva wvrilmarcvlovani piritis gamonayofebi.
saerTod, xis gaqvaveba mimdinareobda silifikaciis
procesSi misi organuli masalis TiTqmis mTliani
CanacvlebiT ise, rom sruliad ar darRveula misi
pirvandeli struqtura.
sayuradReboa is garemoebac, rom qalcedonize
bul xeebSi ufro kargadaa daculi xis sawyisi
struqtura, vidre opalizebulSi. amasTan, pirveli
gamoirCeva ufro maRali simkvriviT da ukeT itans
damuSavebas nakeTobaTa damzadebis procesSi, vidre
opalizebuli xeebi, romlebic SedarebiT myifea da
msxvrevadi. orive saxeobis simagre moosis SkaliT
4-dan 6.5-mde meryeobs. gaqvavebul xeebs aqvs yavis
feri, yviTeli, TeTri, wiTeli da Savi Seferiloba.
es ferebi xSirad erTsa da imave nimuSze erT
droulad gvxvdeba da monacvleobs erTmaneTTan,
rac nedleuls dekoratiul iersaxes aZlevs.
129
geografiuli kvleva da sakiTxi: mecxoveleoba. • ratom ukavia samcxe- davalebis piroba:
analizi qvecnebebi: saZovrebi, javaxeTSi sasoflo- Tanamedrove msof
• geografiuli kvleva miwis resursi sameurneo miwebis lioSi arsebul global
bunebrivi da sazoga TiTqmis naxevari ur problemaTa Soris
doebrivi movlenebisa saZovrebs? metad mniSvnelovania
da procesebis dak • ratom aris samxreTi mosaxleobis sursaTiT
virvebas, gaanali saqarTvelo ZiriTa uzrunvelyofis sakiTxi.
zebasa da Seswavlas dad sasoflo-sameur am saqmeSi mecxoveleobis
gulisxmobs; neo profilis? produqciis warmoebas
• geografiuli kvle wamyvani adgili ukavia.
visTvis monace kompleqsuri davalebis damuSavebis etapebi warmoidgine, rom sof
mebis mopoveba (aqtivobebi, resursebi): lis meurneobis saminis
SesaZlebelia sxva tros eqsperti xar. Seni
dasxva movlenaze etapi 1. kompleqsuri davalebis arsis gacnoba (ra mizania samcxe-javaxeTis
uSualo dakvirvebiT, sakiTxs exeba, ra formiT moxdeba kompleqsuri soflis meurneobis gan
sxvadasxva rukisa da davalebis prezentacia) viTarebis xelSewyoba.
informaciis wyaros maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs kompleqsuri kvlevis safuZvelze
(cxrili, sqema, diag davalebis pirobas. yuradRebas umaxvilebs, rom unda moamzado SWOT
rama, grafiki, foto) kompleqsur davalebaze muSaobis Sedegad unda analizi samcxe-javaxe
gamoyenebiT; Caataron SWOT analizi, romelSic warmoaCenen Tis soflis meurneo
• geografiuli kvlevis mecxoveleobis ganviTarebis mniSvnelobas regioni bis Sesaxeb saTauriT
Sedegebi sxvadasxva sa da qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi. – „mecxoveleobis roli
formiT SeiZleba maswavlebeli acnobebs moswavleebs, rom is, rac regionis ekonomikaSi“.
gamoisaxos (ruka, SWOT analizSi unda warmoaCinon, Sefasebis krite
cxrili, grafiki, riumebia; aseve acnobs, Tu ras niSnavs Catarebuli SWOT analizSi xazgasmiT
diagrama, foto); geografiuli kvlevis etapebis warmoCena davale warmoaCine:
• geografiul kvlevas baze muSaobis dros da uxsnis, ras gulisxmobs geog • samcxe-javaxeTis sof
xSirad praqtikuli rafiuli kvleva; lis meurneobis gan
daniSnuleba aqvs (misi maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen viTarebaSi bunebrivi
saSualebiT SeiZleba xom aqvT kiTxvebi davalebis pirobasa da kriteriu pirobebis gavlena;
sxvadasxva movle mebidan gamomdinare, an Tu aris raime maTTvis bun • soflis meurneobis
nisa da procesis dovani da kidev erTxel miscems mimarTulebas. Zlieri da susti mxa
Sedegebis progno reebis gamomwvevi
zireba). etapi 2. kompleqsur davalebaze muSaoba. samizne faqtorebi;
cnebasTan/cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri war- • soflis meurneobis
mosaxleoba da meurneoba modgenebis damuSaveba SesaZleblobisa da
• bunebrivi garemo gav safrTxeebis argu
lenas axdens mosax aqtivobebi: mentirebuli dasabu
leobasa da meur Teba.
neobaze. sxvadasxva N1. gaasityve Seni kvleva.
qveyanaSi meurneobis moswavleebi aanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi
esa Tu is dargia wamy mocemul informaciasa da statias – „mecxoveleobis
vani, rac Sromis geog ganviTareba samcxe-javaxeTSi da masTan dakavSire
rafiul danawilebas buli problemebi“ (statiis bmuli ix. resursebSi)
ganapirobebs; da adgenen mecxoveleobis gavrcelebis arealebs.
• mosaxleobisa da imsjeleben, romelma geografiulma faqtorebma
meurneobis struqtu ganapiroba samcxe-javaxeTSi soflis meurneo
ra, ganawileba da bis ganviTareba, daadgenen, romeli regionebi
ganlageba cvalebadia gamoirCeva saTib-saZovrebiT da ratom ukavia java
drosa da sivrceSi; xeTSi sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebs, samcxesTan
SedarebiT, ufro meti farTobi. moswavleebi, kri
teriumidan gamomdinare, CainiSnaven maTTvis mniS
vnelovan informacias.
130
nas axdens qveyanaSi moswavleebi saxelmZRvaneloSi arsebuli infor
mimdinare socialur- maciisa da resursebze (mecxoveleobis ganviTareba
ekonomikur pro samcxe-javaxeTSi da masTan dakavSirebuli proble
cesebze, rac mis mebi) dayrdnobiT Caatareben geografiul kvlevas:
ganviTarebis doneze moiZieben informacias, mecxoveleobis romeli
aisaxeba. dargebia ganviTarebuli samcxe-javaxeTSi, aRweren
am dargebis ganviTarebis istorias, mniSvnelobas,
mdgradi ganviTareba ra produqtebi mzaddeba, vin moixmars, sad iyideba,
• lokalur qmedebebs gadis Tu ara eqsportze, ram ganapiroba am dargebis
globaluri Sedegebi ganviTareba da sxv.
SeiZleba mohyves;
• mdgradi ganviTarebis N3.
miznebis (socialuri, moswavleebi gaaanalizeben saxelmZRvaneloSi
ekonomikuri, gare arsebul informaciasa da statias da daadgenen
mosdacviTi da keTil soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis Zlier da sust mxa
dReoba) Sesruleba reebs, safrTxeebsa da SesaZleblobebs. imsjeleben
aucilebelia moma soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebze.
vali Taobebis keTil gaanalizebul informacias miscemen Sesaqmnel
dReobisTvis. SWOT analizSi Sesatan formas.

moswavleebi warmoadgenen Sedgenil SWOT ana
lizs, aseve gagviziareben kvlevis im etapebs, rom
resursebi:
mecxoveleoba
http://www.agrosc.ge/pages.php?lang=ge&id=11
mecxoveleobis ganviTareba samcxe-javaxeTSi da mas
Tan dakavSirebuli problemebi
https://tv9news.ge/ka/akhali-ambebi/soflis-meurneoba/article/2083-
metskhoveleobis-ganvitareba-samtskhe-javakhetshi-da-mastan-
dakavshirebuli-problemebi
samcxe-javaxeTis regionis ganviTarebis strategia
2014-2021 wlebSi
http://gov.ge/files/275_38377_633986_137318.09.13
%E2%80%931.pdf
mecxoveleobis problemebi saqarTveloSi da misi
gadaWris gzebi
https://agrokavkaz.ge/dargebi/mecxoveleoba/metskhoveleobis-
problemebi-saqarthveloshi-da-misi-gadatchris-gzebi.html
mesaqonleobis tradiciuli formebi saqarTveloSi
https://agrokavkaz.ge/dargebi/mecxoveleoba/mesaqonleobis-tradit-
siuli-phormebi-saqarthveloshi.html
131

ქართული ხორბლის ენდემური სახეობები
saqarTvelo xorblis samSobloa, sadac rbili xorbali jer kidev

rva aTasi wlis win mohyavdaT. qarTuli xorblis kulturas (endemuri
saxeobebi da adgilobrivi jiSebi) saqarTveloSi aramaterialuri kul
turuli memkvidreobis Zeglis statusi mieniWa.
„mesxeT-javaxeTi ZvelTaganve gamoirCeoda velur da kulturul
mcenareTa mravalferovnebiT da ganviTarebuli miwaTmoqmedebiT. saqar
Tvelos am kuTxeSi mosaxle qarTvelebs imdeni xorbali mohyavdaT, rom
ucxoeTSic ki gahqondaT. Tamar mefis epoqaSi (XII s) mesxeTi saqarTvelo
saTvis namdvili beReli iyo“ (beriaSvili, 1973).
warmoidgine, rom botanikis institutis endemur mcenareTa departa
mentSi muSaob. Seni mizania, Seiswavlo saqarTvelos endemuri xorblis
jiSebi, maTi gavrcelebis arealebi, konservaciisa da aRdgenis gzebi.
am mizniT unda moamzado gegma, romelic saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli
xorblis endemuri jiSebis istoriuli gavrcelebis arealSi dabrunebas
da popularizacias Seuwyobs xels.
გეგმაში ხაზგასმით წარმოაჩინე:
• bunebrivi pirobebis roli xorblis jiSebis gavrcelebis arealebis

CamoyalibebaSi;
• mexorbleobis istoriuli da geografiuli mniSvneloba adgilobrivi
mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis amaRlebaSi;
• mexorbleobis ganviTarebis mniSvneloba samcxe-javaxeTis regionis
ganviTarebaSi;
• garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebi mexorbleobis ganviTarebis procesSi.
132
• daadgine saqarTvelosa da samcxe-javaxeTis regionSi gavrcelebuli

xorblis endemuri jiSebi;
• daadgine, meurneobis romeli dargebis ganviTarebas uwyobs xels
mexorbleobis ganviTareba;
• daasabuTe mexorbleobis ganviTarebis mniSvneloba;
• Seafase mexorbleobis ganviTarebis roli mxarisa da mTlianad saqar
Tvelos ekonomikis ganviTarebasa da popularizaciis procesSi.
xorbali
http://www.nplg.gov.ge/wikidict/index.php/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%
A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98
qarTuli xorbali
https://lomtagora.com/publikaciebi/article/46506-thuli-khorbali
qarTuli xorbali da saqarTvelo – xorblis warmoSobis erT-erTi uZve

lesi kera
https://agroface.ge/article/19b24645-bff0-40f7-9b76-1f6e78337e4e
qarTuli xorblis endemuri saxeobebis da xalxuri seleqciiT miRebuli

adgilobrivi jiSebis dacva, gamravleba da gamoyeneba
https://agronews.ge/qarthuli-khorblis-endemuri-sakheobebis-da-khalkhuri-seleqtsiith-
mighebuli-adgilobrivi-jishebis-datsva-gamravleba-da-gamoqheneba/
videofilmi „ferma“ – qarTuli xorblis jiSebi – marcvleulis warmoSo

bis kerebi da warmoebis tradiciebi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VvTVo4lXyM
satelevizio gadacema „saqarTvelo – xorblis samSoblo rvaaTaswlovani

istoriiT“
https://1tv.ge/video/saqartvelo-khorblis-samshoblo-rva-ataswlovani-istoriit/
• gamoiyene Tu ara Seni codna gegmaze muSaobisas?

• ramdenad saintereso gegma moamzade?
• Tavidan rom dagewyo davalebaze muSaoba, ras Secvlidi da rogor?
• ra gancdebi geufleboda muSaobis dros?
133
7. moswavlis wignSi mocemuli
davalebebis pasuxebi
Tema I saqarTvelo
§ 1. geografiuli mdebareoba da sazRvrebi
gaixsene:
1. obieqtis geografiuli mdebareoba sxva obieqtebis mimarT misi ganlagebis Tavise
burebebis dadgenas gulisxmobs.
2. evropa-azias Soris sazRvris gatarebis versiebi:
1. kuma-maniCis xazze (E). es aris fizikur-geografiul erTeulebs Soris arsebu
li geologiuri sazRvari. am variantiT mTeli kavkasia moTavsebulia aziaSi.
2a. kavkasionis mTavar qedze (F). es qvevarianti efuZneba teritoriis yvelaze arse
biT orografiul anu geologiur gayofas didi kavkasionis wyalgamyofis gasw
vriv. am SemTxvevaSi CrdiloeTi kavkasia mdebareobs evropaSi, xolo samxreTi
kavkasia – aziaSi. am gayofis mixedviT, saqarTvelos zogi nawili – magaliTad,
yazbegis municipaliteti da TuSeTi – evropaSi igulisxmeba.
2b. kavkasionis mTavar qedze (F). es qvevarianti efuZneba klimatur pirobebs Soris
gansxvavebas, romlis mixedviT CrdiloeTi kavkasia mdebareobs evropaSi, xolo
samxreTi kavkasia – aziaSi. am SemTxvevaSic klimaturi sazRvari didi kavkasio
nis wyalgamyofs emTxveva da saqarTvelos zogi nawili – magaliTad, yazbegis
municipaliteti da TuSeTi – evropaSi igulisxmeba.
3. mdinareebze – rioni, yvirila, mtkvari (H). es varianti, romelic saqarTvelos
or tol nawilad yofs, ekuTvnis Zvel berZen istorikoss, herodotes. am SemTx
vevaSi Tbilisis marcxena sanapiro (gldani-naZaladevi, didube-CuRureTi, isani-
samgori)evropaSi mdebareobs, marjvena (vake-saburTalo, Zveli Tbilisi, didgo
ri) ki – aziaSi.
4. kavkasionis mcire mTianeTze (I). am variantSi gamyofi xazis CrdiloeTiT moqceu
lia saqarTvelo da CrdiloeTi kavkasia, anu tipuri evropuli peizaJebis terito
ria.
5. yofili ssr kavSiris saxelmwifo sazRvris gaswvriv (J). es aris wminda politikuri
varianti, romlis Tanaxmadac mTeli kavkasia moqceulia evropaSi.
davaleba:
1. a) TbilisTan axlos mdebareoben: Teirani (irani), baRdadi (erayi), damasko (siria),
ankara (TurqeTi), kievi (ukraina).
b) Tbilisidan Sors mdebareoben: moskovi (ruseTi), aTeni (saberZneTi), vena (avs
tria), varSava (poloneTi), berlini (germania), parizi (safrangeTi), londoni
(inglisi).
g) saqarTvelo geografiulad evropasa da azias Soris mdebareobs, Tumca azias
Tan SedarebiT axlosaa.
2. saqarTveloze gadioda evropa-aziis damakavSirebeli satransporto magistra
li – didi abreSumis gza; baqo-sufsisa da baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadenebi.
3. a) saqarTvelo mdebareobs samxreT-aRmosavleT evropaSi, Savi zRvis aRmosavleT
sanapiroze.
134
b) saqarTvelo Savi zRviT ukavSirdeba SavizRvispireTis qveynebs, xolo bos
forisa da dardanelis sruteebiT – xmelTaSua zRvis auzis qveynebs; gibral
taris srutiT SesaZlebelia dakavSireba mTel msofliosTan, mdinare dunais
meSveobiT ki – aRmosavleT da centraluri evropis qveynebTan.
g) SavizRvispira mdebareoba mas did upiratesobas aniWebs samxreT kavkasiis sxva
saxelmwifoebTan SedarebiT.
4. uSualo mosazRvre qveynebi: ruseTi, azerbaijani, somxeTi, TurqeTi; axlomdebare
aramosazRvre qveynebi: irani, ukraina, erayi, siria, saberZneTi, bulgareTi.
5. saqarTvelos geopolitikuri mdebareoba uSualo mosazRvre da aramosazRvre
qveynebTan misi urTierTobiT, agreTve, am qveynebSi arsebuli politikuri da eko
nomikuri mdgomareobiT ganisazRvreba. Tavisi geografiuli mdebareobiT saqar
Tvelos mniSvnelovani geopolitikuri wona gaaCnia.
6. a) saxmeleTo sazRvari qveynis Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi, daba leseliZesTan, md.
fsous SesarTavTan iwyeba da am mdinaris marjvena sanapiros miuyveba mTa agefs
Tamde. CrdiloeTi sazRvari, ZiriTadad, kavkasionis mTavar wyalgamyof qeds
miuyveba, Tumca, mTa vacigkfarsidan mTa Savkldemde sazRvari wyalgamyofi qedis
CrdiloeTiT – mTa myinvarwversa da gverdiT qedze gadis.
aRmosavleTi sazRvari mTa tinovrosodan kavkasionis samxreT kalTaze eSveba,
Semdeg ki mdinare alaznis qvemo dinebas miuyveba mingeCauris wyalsacavamde.
samxreTi sazRvari Sav zRvasTan, sofel sarfis midamoebSi iwyeba. igi jer mdi
nare tibaSisxevis xeobaze gadis, Semdeg kveTs WaneTis qedsa da mdinare Woroxs
qvemo dinebaSi, miuyveba SavSeTis qeds, gadakveTs arsianis qeds, gasdevs eruSeTis
Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawils, gadakveTs mdinare mtkvars, karwaxis (xozafinis) tba
sa da javaxeTis qeds; gauyveba loqis qeds, gadakveTs mdinare debedas, eSveba qvemo
qarTlis vakeze wiTel xidTan (xramis da mtkvris SeerTebis adgili), miemarTeba
jandaris tba-wyalsacavisken. bolos Semouvlis ivris zegans samxreTidan, miuyve
ba mdinare ivris marcxena napirs da mingeCauris wyalsacavTan aRmosavleT sazR
vars uerTdeba.)
8. ekonomikur-geografiuli TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelo evropisa da aziis Sesayar
ze mdebareobs da odiTgan dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis civilizaciebis damakav
Sirebel xids warmoadgenda, SavizRvispira mdebareoba ki mas did upiratesobas
aniWebs samxreT kavkasiis sxva saxelmwifoebTan SedarebiT.
saqarTvelos satransporto-geografiuli mdebareoba amJamad metad xelsay
relia. sabWoTa kavSirSi yofnisas igi satransporto „CixSi“ iyo da msoflios
qveynebTan urTierTobas mxolod moskovis gavliT axerxebda. damoukideblobis
mopovebis Semdeg qveyanam, praqtikulad, satransporto gzajvaredinis funqcia
SeiZina.
saqarTvelos xelsayreli rekreaciul-geografiuli mdebareoba aqvs, radganac
igi mniSvnelovan turistul-rekreaciul arealebs –kavkasionsa da SavizRvi
spireTs Sorisaa moqceuli.
kulturul-geografiuli mdebareobis TvalsazrisiT ki, Cveni samSoblo
samxreT-aRmosavleT evropisa da axlo aRmosavleTis kulturul regionebs So
ris mdebareobs, rac Tavisebur gavlenas axdens qveynis kulturul cxovrebasa da
socialur-ekonomikur ganviTarebaze.
SemTxvevis analizi
a) barierulia sazRvari, romelic arTulebs mezobel qveynebTan urTierTobas da
kontaqturi, romelic, piriqiT, xels uwyobs qveynebs Soris urTierTobas.
b) 1. saqarTvelos sazRvari Cveni qveynis istoriis ganmavlobaSi yvelaze metad
samxreT da aRmosavleT nawilSi icvleboda; 2. saqarTvelos dasavleTi sazRvari
Savi zRvis akvatorias miuyveba da amJamad saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebiTaa
daculi. rac Seexeba CrdiloeT sazRvars, igi orografiul barierze – kavkasionze
gadis.
135
g) saxelmwifo sazRvari istoriuli kategoriaa da droSi icvleba, radgan dakavSire
bulia samxedro-politikur, istoriul da eTnografiul faqtorebTan.
§ 2. WiaTuris manganumi
davaleba
1. a) saqarTvelos mineraluri resursebi:
navTobi: taribana, Savi zRvis Selfi, samgor-patarZeulis midamoebi, Siraqi,
mirzaani.
qvanaxSiri: tyibuli, tyvarCeli.
mura naxSiri: axalcixe.
torfi: kolxeTis dablobi.
bunebrivi airi: samgor-patarZeuli, Telavi, Savi zRvis Selfi.
manganumi: WiaTura, Cxari-ajameTi, Sqmeri, agaris, javis.
rkina: foladuri, ureki, Zamis sabado.
spilenZ-tyvia-TuTia: madneuli (kazreTi), kvaisa.
dariSxani: cani, luxumi.
bariti: quTaisi, Cordi, bolnisi.
talki da serpentinati: xaSurisa da Zirulis masivi.
andeziti: bakuriani, yazbegi.
marmarilo: salieTi, Wognari, gumisTa, lopota.
aqati: axalcixe.
obsidiani: ninowminda.
b) saqarTvelo mdidaria manganumis maragiT, romelsac WiaTurisa da saCxeris
raionebSi moipoveben. manganumi Savi metalurgiis ganviTarebisTvis metad
saWiro nedleulia. mas aseve iyeneben qimiur mrewvelobaSi, soflis meurneo
baSi, medicinasa da sxva dargebSi.
spilenZ-tyvia-TuTiis didi maragiT gamoirCeva madneulis (kazreTis) saba
do. mas SeuZlia, saqarTvelos feradi metalurgia mTlianad uzrunvelyos
saWiro nedleuliT.
aramadneuli wiaRiseulidan aRsaniSnavia: andeziti, bariti, ceoliTebi, ben
tonituri Tixebi, mosapirkeTebeli da samSeneblo qvebi.
saqarTvelo mdidaria samSeneblo masalebiT. bevria sxvadasxva saxis dekora
tiul-mosapirkeTebeli qvebi. maTi saerTo maragi 2,640 mln m3-ia. aqedan um
Tavresia marmarilo.
g) saqarTvelo ganicdis iseTi saTbob-energetikuli resursebis naklebobas, ro
goricaa navTobi da bunebrivi airi. qvanaxSiri moipoveba tyvarCelSi, tyibul
Si, mura naxSiri – valeSi (axalcixe).
d) saqarTveloSi ar moipoveba samrewvelo mniSvnelobis bunebrivi airis sabado.
2. WiaTuraSi haeris dabinZurebis done mravaljer aRemateba dasaSveb koncentra
cias. atmosferuli haeri dabinZurebulia manganumis dioqsidiTa da trioqsidiT,
mZime metalebiT. haerSi Sewonili, janmrTelobisaTvis saSiSi minarevebis done
ramdenime aseuljer aRemateba zRvrulad dasaSveb koncentracias (zdk), romelic
mtvris saxiT lagdeba gzis pirebze da wvimebis dros Slamis saxiT ileqeba qalaqis
quCebSi.
WiaTuraSi sasmeli wylis udidesi nawili karstuli warmoSobisaa, uxvnale
qianobis dros modinebuli dabinZurebuli wyali uerTdeba sasmel wyals, rac
iwvevs mis amRvrevas da dabinZurebas da Sedegad, qalaqis mosaxleobas ramdenime
dRiT uwydeba wyalmomarageba. amasTan, sasmeli wylis wyalmomaragebis qselSi gaS
vebamde mas ar asufTaveben (igulisxmeba daqlorva).
136
§ 3. kavkasioni
gaixsene:
1. xmeleTis zedapiris, okeanisa da zRvis fskeris uswormasworobaTa erTobliobas,
romelic warmoiqmneba Sinagani da garegani Zalebis dedamiwis qerqze moqmedebiT
da moicavs gansxvavebuli sididis, warmoSobis, asakisa da ganviTarebis istoriis
mqone formebs, reliefi ewodeba.
2. Sinagani Zalebi reliefis azevebas iwveven, xolo garegani Zalebi – mwvervalebis
mogluvebasa da mosworebas.
3. alpur-himalaur seismur sartyelSi. SeiniSneba miwisZvrebi, vulkanuri amofr
qvevebi.
4. kavkasioni vrceli mTaTa sistemaa kavkasiaSi, evropisa da aziis mijnaze. ganfe
nilia ruseTis, saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanis teritoriaze. mTavar wyalgamyof
qedze gadis sazRvari evropasa da azias Soris. is aseve warmoadgens mTavar wyal
gamyofsa da klimatgamyofs.
davaleba:
1. a) mTavari wyalgamyofi qedis yvelaze maRali da kldovani monakveTia bezengis
kedeli anu „ficruli“, romlis sigrZe 12 km-ia. gverdiT qedze aRmarTulia vul
kanebi – ialbuzi (5642 m) da myinvarwveri (5054 m). CrdiloeTiT, dasavleT da cent
ralur kavkasionze, ganlagebulia saSualomTiani da dabalmTiani qedebi: kldo
vani qedi (2000-2500 m-mde), saZovrebis qedi (1500 m-mde), tyiani qedi (800 m) da sxva.
aRmosavleTiT, daRestnis rTul da mravalferovan reliefSi Warbobs plato
(Runibis plato da sxva) da naoWa qedebi.
b) ganivi qedebia: gagris, germuxis, xarulis, alevis, mTiuleTis, gudamayris, qar
Tlis, kaxeTis. gaswvrivi qedebia: bzifis, CxalTis, kodoris, svaneTis, egrisis,
leCxumis, raWis.
2. uReltexilebi: qluxoris, lahilis, tviberis, ToTis, waneris, mestiis, mamisonis,
Rebis, zekaris, isarTReles, jvris, qaCus, mailis.
3. kavkasionis mTianeTis farglebSi ganasxvaveben afxazeTis, svaneTis, raWis, mTiu
leTis, fSavis da kaxeTis kavkasionis monakveTebs. mTaTaSorisi bari: kolxeTis
dablobi, imereTis maRlobi, Sida qarTlis vake, qvemo qarTlis vake, alaznis vake,
ivris zegani.
mcire kavkasioni: mesxeTis (aWara-imereTis), TrialeTis, SavSeTis, arsianis.
samxreT saqarTvelos vulkanuri mTianeTi: axalqalaqis plato, eruSeTis mTiane
Ti, javaxeTisa da samsaris qedebi.
§ 4. mTa mtirala
gaixsene:
1. saqarTvelos havis Camoyalibebas sami ZiriTadi faqtori gansazRvravs: mzis ra
diacia, atmosferos zogadi cirkulacia da qvefenili zedapiris xasiaTi.
2. havis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebia: haeris temperatura, qarebi, haeris tenianoba da
atmosferuli naleqebi.
davaleba:
1. a) „saqarTvelos derefani“ moicavs mTaTaSorisi baris orografiul erTeulebs;
b) ZiriTadi klimaturi barierebia: kavkasioni, lixis da arsianis qedebi da mcire
kavkasioni. meorexarisxovani barierebia: gagris, bzifis, svaneTis, kodoris
raWis qedebi da a.S.
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2. a) yvelaze maRali temperatura aRiniSna soxumSi, ivlisis Tvis – +23,8°, saSualo
wliuri – +14,7°. yvelaze dabali temperatura aRiniSna yazbegSi ianvris – -15,3°, sa
Sualo wliuri – -6,1°.
b) yvelaze maRali amplituda aRiniSna gorSi – 22,3 – (-1,2) = 23,5°.
g) adgilis simaRlis matebasTan erTad wliuri saSualo temperatura iklebs.
d) haeris temperatura iklebs simaRlis matebasTan erTad, zRvidan daSorebis
Sedegad ki naleqianoba mcirdeba.
3. a) uxvi naleqi (1000 mm-ze meti naleqi) modis dasavleT saqarTvelos umetes raion
Si, xolo mcire naleqi (1000 mm-ze naklebi naleqi) – aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
raionebSi.
b)
uxvnaleqiani <1000 mm mcirenaleqiani >1000 mm
baTumi Tbilisi
foTi gori
soxumi xaSuri
gudauTa bolnisi
gagra dedofliswyaro
zugdidi axalcixe
senaki axalqalaqi
cageri ninowminda
mestia
quTaisi
saCxere

g) uxvnaleqian adgilebSi gavrcelebulia tenis moyvaruli mcenareuloba, amitom
ganviTarebulia subtropikuli soflis meurneoba.
4. a) Caqvis qedi klimaturi barieris rols asrulebs.
b) Caqvis qedi sxva mimarTulebiT rom iyos gadaWimuli, naleqebis raodenoba mTa
mtiralaze sakmaod Semcirdeboda.
g) lixis qedi warmoadgens e.w. bunebriv bariers dasavleTidan wamosuli haeris
masebisTvis, amitom misi ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi naleqebis ganawilebis suraTi
sul sxvanairi iqneboda. Sesabamisad Seicvleboda havis tipebic.
5. mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnis umTavresi mizania mis teritoriaze arsebuli
veluri bunebis SenarCuneba, rac ganpirobebulia mTa mtiralas geografiuli mde
bareobiT Sav zRvasa da aWaris mTaTa sistemas Soris.
§ 5. reprua – umoklesi mdinare msoflioSi
gaixsene:
1. saqarTvelos wylis resursebi farTod gamoiyeneba qveynis ekonomikasa da soflis
meurneobaSi. wylis obieqtebidan wylis gamoiyeneba mosaxleobis sayofacxovre
bo moTxovnilebis, energetikis, mrewvelobis, irigaciis, mecxoveleobis da sxva
miznebisTvis. wylis obieqtebi, aseve, gamoiyeneba Tevzis meurneobis, sportuli,
rekreaciuli da sxva miznebisaTvis.
2. mdinares gaaCnia saTave, kalapoti, SesarTavi, siCqare, wylis xarji, vardna da a.S.
mdinaris maxasiaTeblebiT dgindeba misi wyaldidobis periodi da is, Tu ramdenad
aris misi gamoyeneba SesaZlebeli adamianis sameurneo saqmianobaSi.
138
davaleba:
1. mdinare repruas gaaCnia saTave, kalapoti da SesarTavi, amitom igi iTvleba mdin
ared.
2. a) 141;
b) dasavleT saqarTveloSi;
g) kavkasionis qedze.
d) mdinareTa qselis sixSire metia dasavleT saqarTveloSi;
3. dasavleTi da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mdinareTa qselis gansxvavebulobas kli
mati ganapirobebs, kerZod, dasavleT saqarTveloSi notio subtropikuli klima
tia, aRmosavleTSi ki – mSrali subtropikuli.
4. a) mdinareebi – mtkvari, alazani, iori da aragvi miekuTvneba kaspiis zRvis auzs,
romelic, Tavis mxriv, ar miekuTvneba arcerTi okeanis auzs da Sida gaudinar auzs
warmoadgens. mdinareebi – bzifi, kodori da enguri erTvian Sav zRvas, romelic
atlantis okeanis auzs miekuTvneba.
b) mdinare mtkvari tranzituli mdinarea, igi miedineba sami saxelmwifos – Turqe
Tis, saqarTvelos da azerbaijanis teritoriaze.
5. zestafoni – mdinare rioni;
quTaisi – mdinare rioni;
zugdidi – mdinare CxouSi;
mcxeTa – mdinareebis – mtkvrisa da aragvis Sesayari;
gori – mdinareebis – mtkvrisa da liaxvis SesarTavi;
kaspi – mdinare lexuri;
rusTavi – mdinare mtkvari;
oni – mdinare rioni;
borjomi – mdinare mtkvari.
§ 6. wylis resursebi
gaixsene:
1. tba bunebrivi warmoSobisaa, wyalsacavi – anTropogenuri.
2. myinvarebi, ZiriTadad, maRal mTebSi gvxvdeba.
davaleba:
1. dasavleT saqarTvelos wyalsacavebi, ZiriTadad, gamoiyeneba energetikuli miz
nebisTvis, radganac isini wylis didi moculobiT gamoirCeva; aRmosavleT sa
qarTvelos wyalsacavebis daniSnuleba irigaciaa, radganac es regioni wylis re
sursebis simcires ganicdis.
2. wyalsacavebis dadebiTi mxareebia: mdinareuli Camonadenis regulireba, maTi gam
oyeneba sarwyavad, wyalmomaragebisaTvis, energetikuli da rekreaciuli mizne
bisaTvis da sxv. uaryofiTi mxareebia: didi farTobebis datborva, adgilis mikro
klimatis Secvla; saWiroa wyalsacavebis mSenebloba, radganac alterna tiuli
saSualebebi jerjerobiT ver cvlis mas.
3. myinvarebis farTobis Semcirebas iwvevs globaluri klimatcvlileba. klimatis
cvlilebis gamo myinvarebi dneba da Sesabamisad, maTi farTobebic mcirdeba.
4. saqarTvelos myinvarebis warmoqmnas gansazRvravs misi teritoriis klimaturi pi
robebi, Savi zRvis gavlena, geologiuri agebuleba da reliefis morfometriuli
da morfologiuri Taviseburebebi.
5. myinvarebi qveynis bunebrivi mravalferovnebis erT-erTi ganmapirobebeli faq
toria. saqarTvelos mTis mdinareebis kalapotebSi wylis nakadebis zrda zogierT
SemTxvevaSi uSualod ukavSirdeba myinvarebis ablaciis zrdas. aseve, saqarTvelos
139
did mdinareebze hidroeleqtrosadgurebis daproeqtebisas aucilebelia, gaT
valiswinebuli iyos myinvaruli wylebis Camonadeni. myinvarebis nadnobi wyali
mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos maRalmTiani regionebisaTvis sasmeli wyliT moma
ragebis TvalsazrisiT. garda amisa, maRalmTian zonebSi (svaneTi, yazbegi, raWa,
afxazeTi) turistul-rekreaciuli infrastruqturis ganviTarebaSi didi wvli
li swored myinvarul peizaJebs miuZRvis.
6. am faqtis erT-erTi ganmapirobebeli mizezi isaa, rom zamTris periodSi dasavleT
kavkasionze (afxazeTis monakveTi), gansxvavebiT centraluri da aRmosavleTi kav
kasionisgan, ufro meti myari atmosferuli naleqi modis, rac myinvarebis arsebo
bis erT-erTi aucilebeli pirobaa.
§ 7. stiqiuri bunebrivi movlenebi
gaixsene:
1. saqarTvelo mdebareobs alpur-himalaur seismur sartyelSi, amitom aq xdeba
miwisZvrebi; Cveni qveynis reliefi mTagoriania, da Sesabamisad, xSiria zvavebi,
kldezvavebi, mewyerebi.
2. samxreT kavkasiaSi moxda spitakis miwisZvra, rasac ngreva da msxverpli mohyva.
davaleba:
1. saqarTveloSi aqtiuri seismuri adgilebia – axalqalaqis, martvilis, yazbegis, ax
metis municipalitetebis midamoebi, enguris xeoba da sxva. miwisZvrebi umetesad
saqarTvelos barisa da kavkasionis samijnao zolSi da samxreT mTianeTSi xdeba.
saqarTvelos mdebareoba alpur-himalaur sartyelSi maRal seismurobas ganapi
robebs.
2. a) saqarTveloSi mewyersaSiSi regionebia: raWa-leCxumi, aWara, svaneTi, imereTi,
mTiuleTi da sxva.
b) mewyruli procesebis warmoqmna-gaaqtiurebas ganapirobebs reliefis Rrma da
nawevreba da Zlier daxrili zedapiri, dabali simtkicis mqone qanebis did far
Tobebze gavrceleba da adamianis sameurneo saqmianoba.
3. saqarTvelos saSualo da, gansakuTrebiT, maRalmTiani regionebisaTvis damaxa
siaTebelia kldezvavebi da Tovlzvavebi. zvavebi xSiria kavkasionze – mestiisa
da yazbegis municipalitetebSi, agreTve Sida aWaraSi da sxv. Tovlis zvavs iwvevs
ferdobebis TovliT gadatvirTva, intensiuri Tova, axali Tovlis ZvelTan cudi
SeWiduloba.
4. stiqiuri movlenebis raodenobis zrdas sxvadasxva faqtori ganapirobebs. es faq
torebia: mosaxleobis zrda, megapolisebis zrda-ganviTareba; qveynebis ekonomi
kuri ganviTarebis done.
5. rekomendaciebi mewyris dros qcevis wesebis Sesaxeb: mewyris warmoqmnis saSiSroe
bis Sesaxeb signalis miRebisas gamorTeT gazi, eleqtroxelsawyoebi, gadaketeT
wyalsadeni qseli; moemzadeT dauyovneblivi evakuaciisaTvis; evakuaciis dros
Tan unda waiRoT sabuTebi da saWiro pirveladi moxmarebis sagnebi (produqti,
tansacmeli da sxv.); nebismieri sagangebo situaciis SemTxvevaSi gamoiCineT TavSe
kaveba da ar ahyveT panikas!
rekomendaciebi zvavebis dros qcevis wesebis Sesaxeb: zvavis Camowolis dros
saswrafod unda datovoT saxifaTo adgili da gadaxvideT usafrTxo adgilas an
moefaroT kldis Sverils; Tu zvavs ver gaeqeciT, gaTavisufldiT bargisgan, mi
iReT horizontaluri mdgomareoba, TaviT zvavis moZraobis mimarTulebiT; Seeca
deT, mWidrod Sekruli xelebiT miikraT muxlebi mucelze (miiRoT gundis forma).
rekomendaciebi wyaldidobis dros qcevis wesebis Sesaxeb: Setyobinebis sig
nalis miRebisTanave, dauyovnebliv datoveT SesaZlo katastrofuli datborvis
140
zona da gadadiT usafrTxo raionSi; waiReT ramdenime dRis samyofi kvebis
produqtebi, wylis, medikamentebis da saWiro nivTebis maragi; gaiareT registra
ciaSi saevakuacio punqtSi; evakuacias eqvemdebarebian Sinauri cxovelebic.
SemTxvevis analizi:
a) klimatis globaluri cvlileba dakavSirebulia globaluri temperaturis mate
basTan da gamowveulia dedamiwis atmosferoSi zogierTi gazis gadametebuli kon
centraciiT, rac xels uSlis dedamiwidan „zedmeti“ siTbos arekvlas. am gazebs
ewodebaT „saTburi gazebi“ da isini moicaven naxSirorJangs, meTans, azotis qve
Jangs da sxvas.
b) klimatis cvlilebis mavne Sedegebi moicavs myinvarebis dnobas mTebze da yinulis
fenebis ganlevas okeaneebSi, e.w. „sicxis talRebs~, erTi mxriv – gvalvas, xolo
meore mxriv – Zlier wvimebs, okeanis donis awevas, datborvebis, wyaldidobebis,
Rvarcofebis, mewyerebis, zvavebis gaxSirebas, cunamebis, sxvadasxva qariSxlis ga
Zlierebasa da gaxSirebas.
g) yvelaze mowyvladi iqneba mTiani regionebi.
d) dedamiwis daTbobis Sesamcireblad adamianebma energiis sxva wyaroebis Zieba daiw
yes. esenia: qaris, mzisa da wylis energiebi. maTi gamoyenebisas haerSi ar gamoiyofa
mavne airebi. energiis efeqtiani xarjvac erT-erTi marTebuli gamosavalia.
§ 8. endemuri da reliqturi flora da fauna

gaixsene:
1. saqarTvelos teritoriis geografiuli mdebareoba zomieri da subtropikuli
klimaturi sartyelebis sazRvarze da aseve, sxvadasxva floritul (holarqtiku
li samefos cirkumpolaruli da iran-Turanis olqebi) olqebs Soris ganapirobebs
misi mcenareuli safaris mravalferovnebas. hava gansazRvravs mcenareulobis
tipebs, xolo reliefi ganapirobebs mcenareulobis gavrcelebas simaRlebrivi
zonebis mixedviT.
2. Walis muxisa da kaklis masivebi mdinaris napira Walis tyeebSia gavrcelebuli da
kaklis yuris bunebis Zeglsa da gardabnis aRkveTilSi gvxvdeba.
davaleba:
1. dasavleTi da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos gansxvavebulma klimaturma pirobebma
mcenareuli safaris sxvadasxvaoba ganapiroba. dasavleT saqarTveloSi mcenareTa
oTxi zonaa gamoyofili: tyis, subalpuri, alpuri da nivaluri; aRmosavleT saqar
TveloSi ki damatebiT – naxevarudabnoebis, mSrali velebisa da meCxeri tyeebis
zonebic gvxvdeba. samxreT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi, ZiriTadad, mTis mdelos ste
pisa da stepis mcenareulobaa gavrcelebuli.
2. saqarTvelos teritoria faunisturi TvalsazrisiT mTlianadaa moqceuli arqto
geaSi, romelic calkeuli gamonaklisebis garda, imeorebs poliarqtikuli flo
ristuli samefos gavrcelebis Taviseburebebs.
4. ZiriTadi mizezebia: tyeebis usistemo Cexa, wylis ekosistemebis degradacia da
gadaZoveba. miuxedavad imisa, rom bolodroindeli tendenciebi miuTiTeben xe-
tyis resursebis ukanono mopovebis garkveulwilad Semcirebaze, merqnisa da
saTbobi SeSis damzadeba mainc rCeba erT-erT umniSvnelovanes safrTxed biomra
valferovnebisaTvis. xe-tyis damzadebis mizniT, salicenzio teritoriebis Ser
Cevisas srulad ar xdeba biomravalferovnebis dacvis sakiTxebis gaTvaliswineba.
rogorc legaluri, ise aralegaluri Wra iwvevs tyeebis saxeobriv gaRaribebas,
degradacias da garkveuli saxeobebis mniSvnelovan Semcirebas.
141
§ 9. turistul-rekreaciuli resursi
gaixsene:
saqarTvelos kurortebi da turistuli adgilebia: baTumi, qobuleTi, ureki, borjomi,
anaklia, gagra, likani, biWvinTa, bakuriani, gudauri, sairme, mestia.
davaleba:
1.
turistul-rekreaciuli
resursebi
bunebrivi anTropogenuri
zRvis, klimaturi, tyis, istoriul-arqiteqturuli

balneologiuri, Zeglebi, cnobili pirovnebebis
speleologiuri da sxva saxl-muzeumebi, muzeumebi,
resursebi botanikuri baRebi da a. S.
2. geografiulma mdebareobam, mravalferovanma landSaftebma, mineraluri wylebis

siuxvem, mdidarma istoriulma warsulma.
3. ekoturizmi – pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse mogzauroba bunebriv zonebsa da regio
nebSi, romlis drosac icaven garemos da romelic xels uwyobs adgilobrivi mo
saxleobis keTildReobas.
agroturizmi – turizmis is seqtoria, romelic orientirebulia bunebrivi,
kulturul-istoriuli da sxva sasoflo resursebisa da maTi specifikis gamoye
nebaze kompleqsuri turistuli produqciis Sesaqmnelad. agroturizmi gulisx
mobs turistebis ganTavsebas fermerTa saxlebSi sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobis
gacnobis mizniT.
speleoturizmi – mogzauroba mRvimeebSi. dasavleTi saqarTvelo metad mdi
daria speleoresursebiT; maTgan aRsaniSnavia saTafliis, axali aTonis, wyaltu
bosa da sxva mRvimeebi.
enoturizmi klasikuri turizmia, romelic asocirdeba Rvinis xelovnebasa da
istoriasTan, da ara mxolod am sasmelis moxmarebasTan. rogorc wesi, turistebi
stumroben Rvinis qarxnebs, venaxebs, degustaciis oTaxebs da zogjer aqtiurad
monawileoben mosavlis aRebaSi.
saTavgadasavlo turizmi turizmis saxeobaa, romelic gulisxmobs egzoti
kur adgilebSi mogzaurobas. saTavgadasavlo turizmis kategorias ganekuTvne
ba laSqroba da alpinizmi, mTis mdinareebze naviT daSveba, nadiroba, Tevzaoba da
mTebis dalaSqvra, TxilamurebiT sriali, cxenebiT jiriTi da a.S.
kulturuli turizmi gulisxmobs kulturuli Zeglebis daTvalierebas, fes
tivalebis, muzeumebis, kulturuli movlenebis, erovnuli xelnakeTobebis, tra
diciuli kulinariis gacnoba-daTvalierebas.
kulinariuli (gastronomiuli) turizmi turistebs sTavazobs im kerZebis da
gemovnebas, romelic specifikuria ama Tu im kuTxisaTvis.
religiuri (piligrimuli) turizmi gulisxmobs mlocvelebis mier samlocvelo
adgilebis monaxulebas da molocvas, wmindanebis saflavebis, wminda nawilebis
monaxulobas.
MICE (saqmiani) turizmi moicavs oTx ZiriTad mimarTulebas: Meetings – Sexvedre
bi, strategiuli TaTbirebi, molaparakebebi, prezentaciebi. Incentive – wamaxalise
142
beli mogzaurobebi, samotivacio programebi, partniorebisa da TanamSromlebis
loialobis stimulireba. Conferences/Congresses – konferenciebi, forumebi, kong
resebi. Exhibitions/Events – gamofenebi, konkretul (SemecnebiT, kulturul, musi
kalur, sportul da a.S.) RonisZiebebze daswreba, korporatiuli RonisZiebebi.
4. saqarTvelos Savi zRvispira sanapiros mTel sigrZeze gadaWimuli qviSian-xreSiani
plaJebi da mimdebare teritoriebis landSaftebi metad mimzidvelia. aseve mniSv
nelovan bunebriv-rekreaciul resurss warmoadgens magnetituri qviSa. saqar
TveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis naTeli magaliTia aWaris regionis Savi zRvis
sanapiro.
5. saqarTveloSi zamTris turizmis ganviTareba SesaZlebelia raWa-leCxumis mxaresa
da aWaraSi.
6. turizmis ganviTarebisTvis saWiroa saTxilamuro trasebisa da infrastruqtu
ris mowyoba.
7. saqarTvelos mdinareebze SesaZlebelia ganviTardes jomardoba gazafxulidan
zafxulis CaTvliT, radgan mdinareTa kvebis reJimi gansxvavebulia. tbebi da wyal
sacavebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba sacuraod, gasagrileblad, TevzWerisTvis, navebiT
sacuraod.
8. Tanamedrove Senoba-nagebobebi, romlebic mniSvnelovan turistul-rekreaciul
resursebs warmoadgens. bevri maTgani ukve didi xania sxvadasxva turistul
marSrutSia Setanili, bevric ganviTarebis procesSia. maT Sorisaa engurhesis Ta
Rovani kaSxali, romlis turistul-kulturul zonad gadaqcevisa da ganviTarebis
strategiuli gegma gadasaxedi moednebis, sabagiro gzis, samecniero-kvleviTi
centris, Ria sakoncerto sivrcisa da kaSxalze msoflioSi arsebuli yvelaze
maRali liftis damontaJebas moicavs. ganviTarebis koncefcia aseve gulisxmobs
kaSxlis gamoyenebas sxvadasxva sainstalacio-warmosaxviTi RonisZiebisTvis.
SemTxvevis analizi:
b) ekoturizmi, SeiZleba iTqvas, igive mdgradi turizmia (Sustainable tourism) da Se
sabamisad, mdgradi ganviTarebis koncefciis Semadgeneli nawilia. igi gulisx
mobs socialuri, ekonomikuri da ekologiuri aspeqtebis integracias praqtikul
saqmianobasa da gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi.
g) ekoturizmis mTavari obieqtia veluri buneba, ZiriTadi principi – mdgradi tu
rizmi. kerZod: turizmis xarjze finansebisa da investiciebis mozidva garemos da
biomravalferovnebis dasacavad. kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva – finansebis
mozidva, faseulobebis gaazreba; turistebisa da turindustriis dakmayofile
ba – SemecnebiTi da saTavgadasavlo turizmis ganviTareba; adgilobrivi mosaxle
obis keTildReobis amaRleba – gamdidreba, ganaTleba, infrastruqtura. terito
riis mdgradi ganviTareba; ar gamoiwvios resursebis degradacia da garemosTvis
zianis miuyeneblad ganviTardes; grZelvadiani sargebloba moutanos resursebs,
adgilobriv mosaxleobasa da mrewvelobas (sargebloba SeiZleba iyos samecnie
ro, socialuri, kulturuli an ekonomikuri); gaavrcelos informacia adgilo
briv mosaxleobaSi, samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebSi, mewarmeebsa da
turistebs Soris (mogzaurobis dawyebamde, procesSi da misi dasrulebis Semd
gom); gamoiyenos resursebi mdgrad ganviTarebaze orientirebuli principiT.
d) ekoturizmisaTvis yvelaze metad gamodgeba Cveni qveynis daculi teritoriebi,
aseve is raionebi, romlebic ganlagebulia kavkasionis da samxreTi mTianeTis
mTiani sistemis farglebsa da SavizRvispireTSi.
143
§ 10. mosaxleobis cvlileba
gaixsene:
Sobadoba, mokvdaoba, bunebrivi moZraoba, meqanikuri moZraoba, sqesobriv-asakobrivi
struqtura, eTnikuri struqtura.
davaleba:
1. a) saqarTvelos mosaxleoba yvelaze mravalricxovani iyo 1254 wels, yvelaze mci
rericxovani – 1811 wels.
b) saqarTvelos mosaxleoba 1926-1989 wlebSi gaizarda 2.8 mln kaciT da 1989-2014
wlebSi Semcirda – 1.8 mln kaciT.
2. mosaxleobis aRwera gansazRvrul droSi qveynis mosaxleobis socialuri, eko
nomikuri da demografiuli viTarebis maxasiaTebeli monacemebis mopovebis, da
muSavebis, Sefasebis, analizis, ganzogadebisa da gamoqveynebis saerTo procesia.
3. anketa moicavs pirovnebis gvars da saxels, dabadebis wels, sqess, ganaTlebas,
dasaqmebas, religiurobas da sxv. monacemebs.
4. bunebrivi mateba ganisazRvreba iseTi faqtorebiT, rogorebicaa: adamianTa cxov
rebis materialuri pirobebi, janmrTelobis dacvis, kvebis, Sromisa da yofa-
cxovrebis pirobebi, tradicia, religia da a.S.
5. a) bunebrivi namati wlebis mixedviT:
1995 – 1.5 ‰
2000 – 0 ‰
2005 – -0.9 ‰
2010 – 1.1 ‰
2015 – 2.7 ‰
2019 – 0.5 ‰
b) am monacemebis mixedviT unda aigos grafiki. wlebi aRiniSneba horizontalur
xazze, bunebrivi namati – vertikalurze.
3.0
2.7
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.1
1.0
0.5
0.5
0 -0.9
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2019
6. a) Sobadobis maCvenebeli maRalia: TbilisSi, aWarasa da qvemo qarTlSi. mokvdaobis

maCvenebeli maRalia: TbilisSi, raWa-leCxumi-qvemo svaneTsa da imereTSi. bunebri
vi namati maRalia TbilisSi, aWarasa da qvemo qarTlSi.
Sobadobis maCvenebeli dabalia: raWa-leCxumi-qvemo svaneTSi, mcxeTa-mTianeTsa
da samegrelo-zemo svaneTSi; mokvdaobis maCvenebeli dabalia: qvemo qarTlSi,
aWarasa da samcxe-javaxeTSi. bunebrivi namatis dabali maCvenebelia: raWa-leCxumi-
qvemo svaneTSi, imereTsa da guriaSi.
144
SemTxvevis analizi:
a) saqarTveloSi martivi aRwarmoebis tipia.
b) saqarTveloSi Seqmnili demografiuli situaciidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba
davaskvnaT, rom Cveni qveyana martivi aRwarmoebis qveynebs miekuTvneba. axalgazr
debis xvedriTi wilis mudmivi Semcireba da xandazmulTa ricxvis zrda mosaxleo
bis „daberebas“ iwvevs. Cvens qveyanaSi es procesi TandaTan Rrmavdeba.
g) aRniSnuli problemis gadasaWrelad saWiroa gatardes iseTi mastimulirebeli
demografiuli politika, romelic xels Seuwyobs saqarTveloSi demografiuli
situaciis dastabilurebas.
geografiuli kvleva
1. raWa-leCxumi, samwuxarod, Cvens qveyanaSi yvelaze Zlieri depopulaciis mxarea.
aq yovel aTas mcxovrebze weliwadSi, saSualod, ufro meti adamiani kvdeba, vidre
ibadeba. qvemo qarTlSi ki yvelaze maRali Sobadoba aRiniSneba. Sesabamisad, buneb
rivi matebac maRalia.
2. Sobadobis koeficientze gavlenas axdens iseTi faqtorebi, socialuri da ekonomi
kuri pirobebi. raWa-leCxumis ekonomika Zalian dabali maCveneblebiT gamoirCeva,
rac socialur problemebs iwvevs, kerZod, umuSevrobas da Sesabamisad, mxareSi mi
graciuli maCvenebelic maRalia. Sedegad, mxare depopulaciis reJimSia.
g) raWa-leCxumSi saWiroa mastimulirebeli demografiuli politikis ganxor
cieleba; upirveles yovlisa, ekonomikuri da socialuri problemebis mogva
reba, samuSao adgilebis Seqmna da mosaxleobis dabruneba.
§ 11. iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piri (devnili)
gaixsene:
1. mosaxleobis gadaadgileba droebiT an mudmivad erTi dasaxlebuli punqtidan
meoreSi.
2. migraciis gamomwvevi mizezebi SeiZleba iyos: politikuri, ekonomikuri, religi
uri da sayofacxovrebo. formis mixedviT migracia arsebobs: nebayoflobiTi da
iZulebiTi.
3. warsulSi saqarTvelosTvis migraciis yvelaze gavrcelebuli da savalalo forma
iyo xalxis motaceba da tyveebis gayidva, dapyrobili teritoriebidan xalxis ayra
da ucxoeTSi ZaldatanebiT gadasaxleba, mtrisgan Tavis dacvis mizniT, baridan
mTaSi gaxizvna da sacxovreblad droebiT gadasvla.
davaleba:
1. Cvens qveyanas, ZiriTadad, sxvadasxva eTnosis adamianebi tovebda. isini umetesad
yofili sabWoTa kavSiris did qalaqebsa da msxvil samrewvelo centrebSi gada
diodnen. XX s-is 90-iani wlebidan saqarTveloSi metad gaaqtiurda migraciuli
procesebi da igi masobrivi emigraciis qveyana gaxda. amis gamomwvevi mizezad
qveyanaSi Seqmnili politikuri viTareba da socialur-ekonomikuri krizisi iqca.
amave periodSi daiwyo araqarTveli mosaxleobis emigracia, xolo eTnikuri kon
fliqtebis gamo devnilTa da ltolvilTa mravalricxovani nakadebi warmoiqmna.
2. yvelaze meti devnili Tavmoyrilia samegrelo-zemo svaneTSi. konfliqtis zonis
mezobloba da naTesauri kavSirebi.
3. SeiaraRebul konfliqts SeiZleba mohyves uaryofiTi Sedegebi: ekologiuri, eko
nomikuri.
5. rac ufro maRalia qveynis socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis done, miT ufro
mcirdeba migraciuli procesebis sixSire da masStabi.
145
6. yvelaze meti ekomigranti aWaraSi, guriaSi, imereTsa da samegrelo-zemo svaneTSi
daregistrirda, xolo yvelaze meti ekomigranti aWaraSi, qvemo qarTlSi, kaxeTsa
da guriaSi gansaxlda.
7. stiqiuri movlenebi, ekomigracia da ekomigrantebi; migraciis gamomwvevi mizezia
bunebis stiqiuri movlenebi: mewyerebi da zvavebi.
mosaxleobis migracia Zalze mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens mosaxleobis demog
rafiul struqturaze. radgan migraciis procesSi, ZiriTadad, CarTulia Sromis
unariani asakis mosaxleoba, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdoba, migrantebis mimReb
regionebSi mosaxleoba ufro swrafi tempiT izrdeba da aq yalibdeba asakobrivi
struqtura, romelic axalgazrda asakobrivi jgufebis ufro maRali wiliTaa
warmodgenili. im regionebSi, saidanac mosaxleoba mudmivad gaedineba, piriqiT,
arcTu iSviaTad mcirdeba mosaxleobis absoluturi raodenoba, xolo mis struq
turaSi izrdeba ufrosi asakobrivi jgufebis wili. mamakacebisa da qalebis moZ
raobis doneTa Soris arsebuli sxvaoba ki SesaZloa gamovlindes mosaxleobis sqe
sobrivi Semadgenlobis disproporciaSi, rogorc migrantebis gamcem, ise mimReb
regionebSi.
§ 12. adamianuri (humanuri) ganviTarebis indeqsi saqarT-

veloSi
gaixsene:
1. qveynis socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis donis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebia –
mTliani Sida produqti, mTliani erovnuli produqti da maTi maCvenebeli erT
sul mosaxleze.
2. adamianuri (sazogadoebis, humanuri) ganviTarebis indeqsi – indeqsi (maCvenebeli),
romelic SemoiRo gaerom msoflios qveynebis ganviTarebis donis dasadgenad. igi
sam ZiriTad kriteriums eyrdnoba: ekonomikurs (mSp erT sul mosaxleze), socia
lurs (mag.: ganaTlebisa da wera-kiTxvis codnis done) da demografiuls (sicocx
lis saSualo xangrZlivobis maCvenebeli.
3. mSp unda gavyoT qveynis mosaxleobis raodenobaze.
davaleba:
1. a) humanuri ganviTarebis indeqsis (HDI) pirvel xuTeulSi Semdegi qveynebi Sedian:
norvegia (0.954), Sveicaria (0.946), irlandia (0.942), germania (0.939) da hong-kongi
(0.939). yvelaze dabali humanuri ganviTarebis mqone qveynebia: burundi (0.423),
samxreT sudani (0.413), Cadi (0.401), centraluri afrikis respublika (0.381) da
nigeri (0.377).
b) wlevandel indeqsSi, romelic 2018 wlis monacemebs eyrdnoba, saqarTvelo us
wrebs somxeTs (81-e pozicia), azerbaijansa (87-e pozicia) da ukrainas (88-e pozi
cia), magram CamorCeba ruseTis federacias (49-e pozicia), belaruss (50-e pozi
cia) da TurqeTs (59-e pozicia). saqarTvelos humanuri ganviTarebis indeqsis
maCvenebeli 0.786-ia, rac maRal humanur ganviTarebas Seesabameba.
g) meqsika; brazilia, ukraina; xorvatia; somxeTi.
2. a) yvelaze maRali mSp-is maCvenebeli erT sul mosaxleze aris Semdeg qveynebSi:
monako (173 377 $); lixtenSteini (152 933$); luqsemburgi (113 373 $); norvegia (103
586$); yatari (93 352$).
b) saqarTvelos mSp-is maCvenebeli erT sul mosaxleze – 3 715$.
g) ukraina, egvipte, alJiri, maroko.
3. a) jandacvis msoflio organizaciis monacemebiT, sicocxlis saSualo xangr
Zlivoba yvelaze maRali iaponiaSia – iaponelebi saSualod 83.7 wels cxovroben.
146
Semdeg adgilzea Sveicaria – 83.4 weli. pirvel aTeuls asrulebs italia – 82.4
weli. yvelaze nakleb xans siera-leones mosaxleoba cxovrobs – saSualod 50
weli. Semdeg modis angola, sadac sicocxlis saSualo xangrZlivoba 52.4 welia.
b) saqarTveloSi sicocxlis mosalodneli xangrZlivoba 72.7 welia da am maCveneb
liT msoflioSi 95-e adgils ikavebs (183 qveyanas Soris); saqarTveloSi 2019
wels sicocxlis mosalodneli xangrZlivoba Seadgenda 74.1 wels, maT Soris ma
makacebisaTvis – 69.8 wels, xolo qalebisaTvis – 78.4 wels.
g) rumineTi; ungreTi, slovakeTi, meqsika.
4. sicocxlis saSualo xangrZlivoba gaizrdeba qveyanaSi cxovrebis donis amaRlebis
paralelurad.
5. sicocxlis xangrZlivobasa da qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebas Soris dadebiTi
damokidebuleba arsebobs. mosaxleobis sicocxlis xangrZlivobiT cnobili 30
qveyana maRalSemosavliani saxelmwifoa.
6. a) ganaTlebis done maRalia: norvegiaSi, SvedeTSi, germaniaSi, aSS-Si, kanadaSi,
baltiispireTis qveynebSi.
b) saqarTveloSi ganaTlebis donis maRali maCvenebelia;
g) analogiuri maCvenebelia rumineTSi, bulgareTSi, CexeTSi, slovakeTSi.
SemTxvevis analizi:
b) qveynebi, romlebic saerTaSoriso reitingebSi mowinave adgils floben, maRali
mSp-is doniT gamoirCevian. Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovania mosaxleobis unarebis gan
viTareba (ganaTlebaSi investireba) imisaTvis, rom qveynis mSp gaizardos. winaaRm
deg SemTxvevaSi, misi ekonomikuri zrda dabal niSnulze darCeba.
147
Tema II dasavleTi saqarTvelo
§ 13. dasavleTi kavkasioni
gaixsene:
1. kavkasionis mTianeTs fizikur-geografiuli niSnebis mixedviT sam – dasavleT, Sua
anu centralur (mwvervalebs ialbuzsa da myinvarwverebs Soris) da aRmosavleT
(mw. myinvarwveridan aRmosavleTiT) nawilebad yofen.
2. kruberis ufskrulis wylebiT sazrdoobs mdinare reprua.
davaleba
1. a) gagris, bzifis, CxalTis, kodoris, egrisis, svaneTis, raWis, Soda kedelas qedebi;
mwvervalebi: donbaiulgeni, agefsTa, uSba, TeTnuldi, Sxara, lahili, xojali,
samercxle.
b) afxazeTSi mTavari qedis ganStoebebi, ZiriTadad, ganeduri da Crdilo-dasav
leTis mimarTulebiTaa gadaWimuli. mTavari qedis paraleluradaa gadaWimuli
gagris, bzifis, kodoris da sxv. qedebi.
2. a) svaneTis kavkasioni maqsimalur simaRles Sxaras mimdebare teritoriaze aRwevs,
sadac bezengis kedlis saxeliTaa cnobili. Tavad svanebi mas `ficruls~ uwodeben.
b) svaneTis kavkasionze ganlagebulia kavkasionis mTavari qedis umaRlesi mwver
valebi: dalari, nakra, Sxelda, uluTau, gistola, janRa, Sxara, uSba, lailama,
TeTnuldi da sxv.
3. afxazeTisa da svaneTis kavkasionidan saTaves iRebs mdinareebi: Saxe, mzimTa, bzi
fi, kodori, enguri.
§ 14. Savi zRva
gaixsene:
1. Savi zRva atlantis okeanis auzs miekuTvneba, Tumca masTan uSualo kavSiri ar
aqvs. okeanisgan is 2600 km-iTaa daSorebuli, xolo maTi damakavSirebeli gzis sigr
Ze 3400 km-ia. es gza gibraltaris srutidan iwyeba, gaivlis xmelTaSua da egeosis
zRvebze, dardanelis sruteze, marmarilos zRvasa da bosforis sruteze. qerCis
srutiT Savi zRva azovis zRvas ukavSirdeba.
2. Savi zRvis Rrma nawilebSi momwamvleli gazis, gogirdwyalbadis uzarmazari rao
denobaa dagrovili. gogirdwyalbadi aq, ZiriTadad, baqteriebis cxovelqmedebis
Sedegad Cndeba da imitom grovdeba, rom wyalcvla zRvis Rrma da zedapirul fe
nebs Soris TiTqmis ar xdeba. Savi zRvis wylis marilianoba saSualo okeanurze
dabalia. Savi zRva Tbilwyliani zRvaa.
3. Savi zRvis auzis qveynebia: TurqeTi, bulgareTi, rumineTi, saqarTvelo, ruseTi
da ukraina. Savi zRvis navsadgurebidan aRsaniSnavia: foTi, baTumi, konstanca,
burgasi, samsuni, eregli, odesa, novorosiiski da sxv.
davaleba:
1. 309 km.
2. Savi zRvis saSualebiT saqarTvelo msoflios sazRvao qveynebs, centralur evro
pasa (md. dunaiT) da ruseTs (volga-doniT) ukavSirdeba.
3. Savi zRvis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia msoflios sazRvao qveynebTan dakavSireba.
148
SemTxvevis analizi:
a) Savi zRva, palisatomis tba da mdinare rioni.
b) samegrelo-zemo-svaneTi.
g) Tbilisi-foTis sarkinigzo xaziT amierkavkasiis qveynebs msoflios sxva qveynebSi
gahqondaT produqti da resursebi.
d) foTi geografiuli da ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT Zalian xelsayrel adgilas
mdebareobs.
§ 15. kolxeTis dablobi
gaixsene:
1. soxumi, gagra, baTumi, ureki, qobuleTi, foTi da sxv.
2. fioni – Tbili, mSrali mZafri qari, romelic drodadro uberavs mTebidan xeo
bebisaken. brizi – dReRamuri periodulobis qari, warmoiqmneba zRvis, didi tbisa
da wyalsacavis sanapiroebze wylisa da xmeleTis araTanabari gaTboba-gacivebis
Sedegad. brizi dRe-RameSi orjer icvlis mimarTulebas.
davaleba:
1. kolxeTis dablobis SavizRvispireTi guria-samegrelos teritoriis nawils,
ZiriTadad, mdinare rionis qvemo dinebis auzs moicavs, xolo aWarasa da afxazeTSi
viwro zolad vrceldeba. aseve vrceldeba imereTSi.
2. liTonuri wiaRiseulidan sakmaod kargi perspeqtiviT gamoirCeva magnetituri
qviSa zRvispira zolSi (sufsidan foTamde); magnetitis maRali SemcvelobiT
gamoirCeva aseve paliastomis tbis midamoebi (2,2% – 3 m-mde siRrmeze), rionis
totebSorisi teritoria (1,5%) da urekis midamoebi (vrceldeba 3 km-ze samxreTiT.
q. foTamde).
aramadneuli mineraluri resursebidan aRsaniSnavia benToniTuri Tixis saba
do ozurgeTis raionis sofel askanaSi ubnebiT: cixisubani, mTispiri, vanisqedi
da sxv. aq warmodgenilia Tixis ori saxeoba – askangeli da askanTixa. dablobze
uxvadaa samSeneblo masalebis maragi: agur-kramiti, kiri, mergelebi, teSenitebi,
inertuli masalebi da sxv. es ukanaskneli gansakuTrebiT blomadaa mdinareTa qve
mo welis midamoebSi da zRvispira diunebsa da plaJebze, xolo mergeli didi ra
odenobiT moipoveba zugdidisa da senakis municipalitetebis dabal zonaSi;
3. kolxeTis dablobis mdinareebi sazrdoobs wvimis, Tovlis, miwisqveSa da myinvaru
li wyliT. wyaldidoba maT, ZiriTadad, gazafxulze axasiaTebT, radgan Tovlis
dnoba iwyeba.
4. kolxeTis zRvispireTSi mineraluri da Termuli wylebis prognozuli Sefase
biT da maTi gavrcelebis hidroqimiuri zonalobis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba
davaskvnaT, rom SesaZlebelia TiTqmis uwyvet zolad, rogorc zRvis sanapiros
gaswvriv, ise mis mimdebare raionebSi balneo-klimaturi kurortebis funqcioni
reba wlis nebismier periodSi.
5. adamianis sameurneo saqmianoba.
6. kolxeTis dablobze ganviTarebulia mevenaxeoba, mesimindeoba, meCaieoba, mecit
ruseoba, meTxileoba. bunebrivi pirobebis SedarebiTi erTgvarovnebis miuxe
davad, niadagi didi mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba. ZiriTadad, gavrcelebulia
wiTelmiwa, yviTelmiwa, neSompala-karbonatuli, eweri da Waobiani miwebis saxe
sxvaobebi.
149
SemTxvevis analizi:
a) samegrelo.
b) xSiri tyeebis arsebobis gamo, im periodSi haeris masebis moZraoba SesaZloa mniS
vnelovnad yofiliyo Sesustebuli.
g) dRes kolxeTis dablobis landSafti mniSvnelovnadaa Secvlili adamianis sameur
neo saqmianobis Sedegad da bunebriv landSaftebs SedarebiT mcire teritoria
ukavia.
§ 16. rioni
gaixsene:
mdinaris hidrologiuri maxasiaTeblebi: saTave, kalapoti, SesarTavi, siCqare, wylis
xarji, vardna, kvebis reJimi da a.S.
davaleba:
1. a) rioni myinvaruli, Tovlis, wvimisa da miwisqveSa wylebiT sazrdoobs. mdinareze
wyaldidoba gazafxul-zafxulSia.
b) es gamowveulia sezonuri Tovlisa da myinvarebis dnobiT, agreTve wvimebiT.
2. odiS-guriis dablobi kolxeTis akumulaciuri dablobis Sua nawilia da mdinare
enguris qvemo dinebidan mdinare sufsamde da Savi zRvidan mdinare cxeniswylamde
vrceldeba, zR.d. 50 m simaRleze. odiS-guriis dablobi brtyeli da dabali vakea.
iyofa odiSisa da guriis dablobebad. odiSis dablobi mdinare rionis marjvena
mxarezea, guriis dablobi – marcxenaze. hava nestiani subtropikulia. dablobis
dasavleTi sanapiro ukavia sameurneod naklebad aTvisebul Waladidis daWao
bebul masivs. dablobs kveTs mdinareebi: xobiswyali, rioni, fiCori. odiS-guri
is dablobzea paliastomis, japanas, guleTkaris, Calubis, patara paliastomis,
imnaTis, malTayvisa da grigoleTis tbebi. sanapiros diunebis zoli Semosilia
sustad ganviTarebuli mcenareulobiT (qviSamxali, lurji nari, zRvis SroSani,
nego, rZiana, xurxumi, qacvi da sxva). Waobebis nawili isliT an xavsiTaa dafaruli,
nawili ki murynars ukavia.
geografiuli kvleva
a) mdinare rioni,
b) rioni saTaves iRebs fasis mTaze, Sav zRvas foTTan erTvis. miekuTvneba atlantis
okeanis auzs. saTavidan sofel glolamde miedineba samxreT-aRmosavleTisken
ganier, Rrma xeobaSi, romelic mdinare zofxituris SeerTebamde trogulia. ivi
Tarebs ganier Walas da itoteba. adgil saglolos qvemoT miedineba jer samxre
Tisken, Semdeg samxreT-dasavleTisken Rrma da viwro xeobaSi, iviTarebs viwro
wyvetil Walas. onTan uxvevs dasavleTisken da miedineba sofel alpanamde.
g) oni, quTaisi.
d) japana.
e) rionis mTavari Senakadebia – marjvena: sakaura, luxuni, riceula, lajanuri,
gubiswyali, cxeniswyali, texuri, civi. marcxena: WanWaxi, Rarula, jejora, lexi
dari, yvirila, xaniswyali, sulori, yumuri, xeviswyali.
v) raWa-leCxumi mTlianad mdinare rionis auzSi mdebareobs.
z) mdinare rioni dasavleT saqarTveloSi, ramdenime istoriul-geografiuli pro
vinciis – raWis, leCxumis, imereTis, guriisa da samegrelos teritoriaze miedi
neba.
150
SemTxvevis analizi:
a) argonavtebis mogzaurobis marSruti aseTia: „argo~ gamovida saberZneTis qalaq
iolkosidan (dRevandeli qalaqi volosi), gaiara egeosis zRva, gadacura darda
nelis srute, Sevida marmarilos zRvaSi, gadacura bosforis srute, saidanac mox
vda Sav zRvaSi. Semdeg gauyva Savi zRvis samxreT sanapiros (dRevandeli TurqeTi)
da movida q. foTamde.
b) tim severinisa da e.w. „axali argonavtebis~ mosvlas saqarTveloSi udidesi mniSv
neloba hqonda qarTuli kulturisa da misi istoriis farTo propagandisTvis.
§ 17. sfagnumiani Waobebi (ramsaris konvencia)
gaixsene:
1. Waobi dedamiwis zedapiris gansakuTrebuli tipia, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia
utorfo an torfiani, mudmivad teniani grunti da specifikuri mcenareuloba,
romelSic gabatonebulia Waobis mcenareebi – helofitebi. Waobi, marSi, WanWro
bi, tbisa da mdinaris datborili napirebi, estuari – daWaobebuli teritoriebia.
kvebis wyaros mixedviT, Waobebi iyofa sam tipad: qvemouri (evtrofiuli), gardama
vali da zemouri (oligotorfiani). qvemouri Waobebi umetesad maRlobebis ZirSi
da mdinareebis terasebze warmoiqmneba da gruntis wylebiT ikvebeba. aseTi Wao
bebi sakmaod produqtiulia. aq xarobs lelqaSi, xavsi da Zalian bevria frinveli.
zemouri Waobebi mdinareebs Soris mdebare dablobebze gvxvdeba da mxolod at
mosferuli naleqebiT ikvebeba.
2. niadag-gruntis mdgradi datenianeba, naleqis Warbi raodenoba; Waobebi dedamiwis
yvela klimatur sartyelSi da yvela kontinentzea gavrcelebuli.
3. biomravalferovneba (biologiuri mravalferovneba) sicocxlis mravalferovne
baa da warmoadgens cocxali organizmebis mravalferovnebas, genebiT dawyebuli
biosferoTi damTavrebuli.
davaleba:
1. klimaturi pirobebis gamo.
2. a) dasavleT saqarTveloSi sfagnumiani Waobebi zRvis donidan subalpur sartylam-
dea gavrcelebuli, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi ki, mSrali klimatis gamo, 2000
m-ze maRla aRar gvxvdeba.
b) kolxeTis zRvispira Waobebs mdinareebis an dasaxlebuli punqtebis saxelebis
mixedviT daerqvaT saxelebi.
3. dadebiTi: Waobebi didi raodenobiT wyals iwoven, xangrZlivi droiT akaveben mas
da amiT xels uwyoben wylis reJimis normalur regulacias, sagrZnoblad amcire
ben Zlieri wyalmovardnis saSiSroebas da gadarecxvisagan icaven xmeleTis zeda
pirs. amasTanave, Waobebi bunebrivi filtris funqcias asruleben. Seiwoven didi
raodenobis wyals, wmenden mas mavne qimiuri da biologiuri elementebisagan da
sufTa wyliT asazrdoeben mdinareebs, tbebs, miwisqveSa wylebis horizontebs da
a.S. misi xelyofa gvakargvinebs sufTa, mtknari wylis miwisqveSa marags da es xdeba
maSin, roca msoflios bevr qveyanaSi sasmeli wylis udidesi deficitia.
uaryofiTi: sacxovreblad da sameurneo saqmianobisTvis gamousadegaria.
4. gadamfreni frinvelebis gamozamTrebisa da budobisTvis Waobis landSafts
udidesi funqcia akisria; Waobebs da daWaobebul tyeebs didi samecniero mniSvn
elobac aqvs: maTi Seswavla saSualebas iZleva, gairkves kolxeTis Tanamedrove
floris Tavisebureba, Semadgenloba, ganviTarebis istoria, klimatis cva
lebadoba am regionSi da sxv. Waobebi mraval habitats qmnian im mcenareebisa da
cxovelebisTvis, romlebic Rrma wylebSi da mSral xmeleTze ver cxovroben.
151
5. turistuli, gansakuTrebiT ekoturizmis ganviTarebis mizniT. saqarTvelos wyal
Waobiani adgilebi mraval turists izidavs. aTobiT aTasi adamiani Camodis dasav
leT saqarTveloSi, raTa datkbes bunebis silamaziT, gadamfreni frinvelebiTa da
iSviaTi mcenareebis yvavilobiT.
6. 1971 wels iranis qalaq ramsarSi miiRes konvencia `saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis
Warbteniani teritoriebis Sesaxeb~. am dRes mTeli msoflio erTi deviziT er
Tiandeba: `tyeebi wylisa da Warbteniani teritoriebisTvis~. ramsaris konven
cia erTaderTi saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebaa, romelic awesrigebs konkretul eko
sistemas, gansazRvravs erovnul strategias da saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis
sakiTxebs Warbteniani teritoriebis resursebis konservaciisa da gonivruli ga
moyenebis uzrunvelsayofad. konvencia uzrunvelyofs wyalWarbi teritoriebis
SenarCunebas da wylis frinvelebis arsebobisTvis aucilebeli sabinadro adg
ilebis dacvas mTel dedamiwaze. garda zogadi valdebulebebisa, ramsaris konven
cias aqvs specifikuri moTxovnac: yovelma mxarem unda gamoacxados, sul cota,
erTi e.w. ramsaris saiti, romelic saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis wyalWarbi terito
riebis, anu ramsaris saitebis siaSia. maT irCeven specialuri kriteriumebis mixed
viT. mxareebi valdebuli arian, SeinarCunon am teritoriebis ekologiuri xasiaTi
da iTanamSromlon transsasazRvro wyalWarbi teritoriebisa da aq arsebuli sa
xeobebis dacvis saqmeSi.
7. Warbteniani adgilebi wylis mniSvnelovan resurss warmoadgens, gansakuTrebiT
iq, sadac wylis sxva resursi mwiria. Warbteniani teritoriebi miwisqveSa wyals
zedapiruli donis miRwevis saSualebas aZlevs. amgvarad, Warbteniani teritorie
bi exmareba miwisqveSa wyals ganaxlebaSi.
dRes klimatis cvlileba yvelasTvis saerTo problemas warmoadgens. is exeba
ekonomikas, adamianis janmrTelobas da ekosistemebs. Warbteniani ekosistemebi
mZimed ganicdian klimatis cvlilebis zemoqmedebas, rogoricaa zRvis donis awe
va, hidrologiuri efeqtebi, wlis temperaturis, xelmisawvdomobisa da xarisxis
cvlilebebi.
8. kolxeTis Waobebs da daWaobebul tyeebs didi samecniero da SemecnebiTi mniSv
neloba aqvs. kolxeTis Waoburi landSaftebi Seicaven mdidar da metad saintere
so biogeografiul da paleogeografiul masalas, romlis analizi saSualebas
iZle va, gairkves kolxeTis Tanamedrove floris Tavisebureba, Semadgenloba,
ganviTarebis istoria, klimatis cvalebadoba da zRvis donis ryevis xasiaTi axlo
geologiur warsulSi. amasTan erTad, kolxeTis Waobi da Warbteniani miwebi, sadac
saswavlo SemecnebiTi eqskursiebis mowyobiT, kvalificiuri leqcia-saubrebis
gamarTviT vizitorebs, moswavleebs, studentebs saSualeba eZlevaT, gaecnon Wao
bur landSaftebs, gaacnobieron, rom am landSaftebis SenarCuneba sazogadoebis
yvela wevris movaleobaa.
§ 18. sufsis navTobterminali
gaixsene:
1. mirzaani, patara Siraqi, sufsa, norio, sacxenisi, taribana da aRm. Waladidi;
2. navTobis mTavari produqti sawvavia, aseve, misgan mzaddeba plastmasa, sarecxi da
sawmendi saSualebebi. navTobze damzadebuli bioproduqtebi Sedis araerTi sa
suqisa da pesticidis, aseve konservantebis, aromatizatorebisa da sakvebi saRe
bavebis SemadgenlobaSi. es nivTierebebi exmareba sakvebs gazrdasa da didi xniT
SenaxvaSi.
3. Savi oqro.
4. saqarTveloSi navTobis transportireba ori navTobsadeniT – baqo-Tbilisi-
jeihanis (BTC) da dasavleTis marSrutis saeqsporto milsadeniT (WREP) – xor
cieldeba.
152
davaleba:
1. konteineruli da paketirebuli tvirTis gadamuSavebisaTvis gankuTvnili portis
nawilia, saidanac Semdeg gadazidaven tvirTs.
2. sufsis sazRvao terminalis tvirTbrunvam maqsimums miaRwia 2009-2010 wlebSi; 2008
wlidan tvirTbrunvaSi CaerTo da gaaqtiurda baqo-sufsis monakveTic.
3. kolxeTis dablobi Savi zRvis regionSi yvelaze didi biologiuri mraval
ferovnebiT xasiaTdeba. igi warmoadgens saarsebo garemos gadamfreni frinvelebis
uamravi saxeobisaTvis, aqve gavrcelebulia floris mravali endemuri da reliq
turi saxeoba da unikaluri Waobebi. terminali mdebareobs kolxeTis erovnuli
parkis uSualo siaxloves, erovnuli parkis damxmare zonasa da saerTaSoriso
mniSvnelobis wyalWarb teritoriaze, romelic daculia ramsaris konvenciiT
(konvencia saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis Warbteniani, gansakuTrebiT wylis frin
velTa sabinadrod vargisi teritoriebis Sesaxeb), sazRvao nakrZalis SuagulSi.
teritoria, romelic miakuTvnes terminalamde misasvlel rkinigzas, warmoadgen
da kolxeTis erovnuli parkis teritorias. terminalma, masTan misasvlelma sazR
vao arxma da rkinigzam moicva garemosdacviTi TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani adg
ilebi, maT Soris gadamfreni frinvelebisaTvis, zuTxisnairebisa da delfinebis
saxeobebisaTvis sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani arealebi. garda imisa, rom mSeneb
lobis procesSi ziandeba mowyvladi ekosistemebi, garemo da cocxali samyaro
terminalis funqcionirebis drosac zaraldeba, radgan terminalisa da rkinig
zis muSaobas Tan sdevs mudmivi da Zlieri xmauri, rac mniSvnelovani Semawuxebeli
faqtoria. aqve gasaTvaliswinebelia mosalodneli avariuli daRvrebisas niada
gisa da wylis dabinZureba navTobproduqtebiT, rac aseve axlavs terminalis fun
qcionirebis process.
4. cnobilia, rom sazRvao gadazidvebi saqarTvelos navsadgurebis, sanapiro wylebi
sa da gansakuTrebuli ekonomikuri zonis gavliT, gansakuTrebiT, navTobis trans
portireba tankerebiT, dakavSirebulia zRvis dabinZurebis riskTan – SesaZlo Se
jaxebebis, avariebis, navTobproduqtebis gadatvirTvis da sabunkero operaciebis
da sxva saqmianobebTan dakavSirebuli sazRvao incidentebis Sedegad. amgvarma
dabinZurebam SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas rekreaciul adgilebs, garemos, zRvis bi
nadar frinvelebs, zRvis cocxal samyaros, sanapiroze ganTavsebul obieqtebs da
meTevzeobas.
„navTobis daRvraze mzadyofnis, reagirebisa da TanamSromlobis saerTaSor
iso konvencia~ (1990), romelic ufro cnobilia, rogorc OPRC konvencia, aval
debulebs mis monawile qveynebs, uzrunvelyon mzadyofna navTobis daRvris Sem
TxvevebisaTvis da saTanado RonisZiebebi ganaxorcielon. OPRC konvenciis me-6
muxlis Tanaxmad, konvenciis monawile mxareebi valdebulni arian, SeimuSaon mzad
yofnisa da reagirebis sistemebi saxelmwifo da regionalur doneze, kerZod, Sei
muSaon navTobis daRvraze mzadyofnisa da reagirebis saxelmwifo gegmebi saerTa
Soriso sazRvao organizaciis miTiTebebis Tanaxmad.
5. sufsis sazRvao terminalis garda, yvela navsadgurs tvirTis moculoba Seumcir
da. ekonomikis saministros monacemebis mixedviT, 2018 wlis 9 TveSi sufsis termi
nalSi 2,8 milioni tona tvirTi gadamuSavda, rac wina wlis analogiur periodTan
SedarebiT 100 aTasi toniT metia. 300 aTasi toniT Seumcirda datvirTva yulevis
terminals, gadamuSavebuli tvirTis moculobam 9 TveSi 1 milioni tona Seadgina.
400 aTasi toniT, 3,1 milioni tonidan 2,8 milion tonamde Seumcirda tvirTi baTu
mis sazRvao navsadgurs. rac Seexeba foTis navsadgurs, 2018 wlis 9 TveSi, gasuli
wlis analogiur periodTan SedarebiT, tvirTebi aqac Semcirebulia – 5 milioni
tonidan 4,6 milion tonamde. mTlianobaSi, sazRvao terminalebsa da navsadgurebSi
gadamuSavebulma tvirTebma 2018 wlis 9 TveSi 11,2 milioni Seadgina, rac wina wlis
analogiur periodTan SedarebiT, 900 aTasi toniT naklebia. bolo wlebis tenden
ciac aseve klebadia – 2015 wels am mimarTulebiT 19,2 milioni tona tvirTi gadai
zida, 2016 wels – 17,6 milioni tona, xolo 2017 wels ki – 16,3 milioni.
153
SemTxvevis analizi:
a) 300 aTasi toniT Seumcirda datvirTva yulevis terminals, gadamuSavebuli tvir
Tis moculobam 1 milioni tona Seadgina. 400 aTasi toniT, 3,1 milioni tonidan,
2,8 milion tonamde Seumcirda tvirTi baTumis sazRvao navsadgurs. rac Seexeba
foTis navsadgurs, mimdinare wlis 9 TveSi, gasuli wlis analogiur periodTan
SedarebiT, tvirTebi aqac Semcirebulia – 5 milioni tonidan 4,6 milion tonamde.
mTlianobaSi, sazRvao terminalebsa da navsadgurebSi gadamuSavebulma tvirTma
mimdinare wlis 9 TveSi 11,2 milioni Seadgina, rac wina wlis analogiur periodTan
SedarebiT, 900 aTasi toniT naklebia. bolo wlebis tendenciac aseve klebadia –
2015 wels am mimarTulebiT 19,2 milioni tona tvirTi gadaizida, 2016 wels – 17,6
milioni tona, xolo 2017 wels ki – 16,3 milioni.
b) 20 wlis gasvlis Semdegac saqarTvelos portebis datvirTva mcirea, mianiSnebs ima
ze, rom satranzito derefanma energomatareblebis garda, sxva msxvili tvirTebis
mozidva am dromde ver SeZlo.
g) navTobis tvirTebis vardnas ukavSirdeba saqarTvelos rkinigzis tvirTbrunvis
Semcirebac. saqarTvelos rkinigzis mier gatarebuli tvirTebis nakadi yvelaze
didi baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis milsadenis gaxsnis wels – 2006-Si iyo da 22.6 milion
tonas Seadgenda.
§ 19. hidroeleqtroenergia
gaixsene:
1. saTbob-energetikuli mrewveloba moicavs saTbobis – navTobis, qvanaxSiris, bu
nebrivi airis, sawvavi fiqlebisa da atomur mrewvelobas da eleqtroenergetikas.
2. saqarTvelos teritoria mdidaria wylis resursebiT. Tumca, es resursebi
araTanabradaa gadanawilebuli qveynis teritoriaze da saqarTvelos aRmosavle
Ti regionebi xSirad wylis mwvave naklebobas ganicdis, gansakuTrebiT gvalvebis
periodSi; amave dros, dasavleTis regionebi xSiri wvimis gamo datborvis riskis
winaSe dgas. wyals, ZiriTadad, irigaciisa da hidroeleqtroenergiis generaci
isTvis iyeneben da igi naklebad gamoiyeneba wyalmomaragebisTvis. saqarTvelos
wylis resursebi farTod gamoiyeneba qveynis ekonomikasa da soflis meurneo
baSi. wylis obieqtebidan wylis iReben da moixmaren mosaxleobis sayofacxovre
bo moTxovnilebis, energetikis, mrewvelobis, irigaciis, mecxoveleobis da sxva
miznebisTvis.
3. ganaxlebadi alternatiuli energiis wyaroebia: wylis energia, talRebis energia,
mzis energia, qaris energia, geoTermuli energia da biomasis energia. ganaxlebadi
energiis mTavari upiratesoba is aris, rom es energia amouwuravia, gansxvavebiT
wiaRiseuli resursebisgan (navTobi, qvanaxSiri da sxva). amave dros, ganaxlebadi
energiis mopoveba garemos nakleb zians ayenebs, Sesabamisad, aseTi saxis energia
gvaZlevs saSualebas, davakmayofiloT gazrdili moTxovna energiaze ise, rom
garemos minimaluri ziani mivayenoT.
4. dasavleT saqarTveloSi wyalsacavebi – energetikuli, xolo aRmosavleT saqarT
veloSi – sairigacio miznebisTvisaa Seqmnili.
davaleba:
1. a) ènergiis ekonomiuri wyaro~ – hidroenergetikis upiratesobis erT-erTi
yvelaze gadamwyveti faqtori – eleqtroenergiis mopovebis SedarebiT dabali
Rirebulebaa. bevr SemTxvevaSi, hidroeleqtrosadguris mSeneblobis Rirebu
leba SeiZleba iyos sakmaod maRali, magram aSenebis Semdeg, eqspluataciisa da
movlis Rirebuleba Zalian dabalia, rac sagrZnoblad amcirebs gamomuSave
buli eleqtroenergiis Rirebulebas. aseve, unda aRiniSnos, rom eleqtroen
154
ergiis sawarmoeblad gamoiyeneba wyali da ar aris saWiro wiaRiseuli sawvavi.
hidroresursi ganaxlebadi resursia da is mudmivad gamoyenebadia.
b) `ganaxlebadi da sufTa resursi~ – mas Semdeg, rac hidroenergia gamoiyene
ba eleqtroenergiis sawarmoeblad, is SeiZleba isev gamoiyenon sxvadasxva
miznisaTvis. yvelaze mniSvnelovani is aris, rom hidroeleqtrosadgurebi
wyalsar moixmaren. rogorc ki wyali turbinas gaivlis, maSinve bunebriv kala
potSi brundeba.
g) èkomegobruli energia~ – msoflio energetikis sabWos angariSis mixedviT,
hidroeleqtrosadgurebis dadgmulma simZlavrem 2016 wels 1,064 gvt Seadgina.
aRsaniSnavia, rom 1 kvt/sT eleqtroenergiis generacias 0,36 kg qvanaxSiri sWir
deba. amgvarad, hidroenergia ekomegobruli energiis wyaroa qvanaxSirsa da
sxva wiaRiseul sawvavTan SedarebiT, romlebic garemoSi emisiebis ZiriTadi
wyaroebia. garda amisa, hidroeleqtroenergiis warmoebas ar rCeba toqsikuri
narCenebi, rac zians ayenebs garemos.
d) `moqniloba~ – hidroeleqtrosadgurebis erT-erTi Zalian mniSvnelovani
upiratesobaa maTi moqniloba/manevruloba. hidroeleqtrosadgurze SesaZle
belia eleqtroenergiis gamomuSaveba misi saWiroebis mixedviT. rodesac eleq
troenergiis moTxovna dabalia, SesaZlebelia Warbi energia (wyali) dagrovdes
rezervuarSi, xolo eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis zrdis dros, is gamoiyenon am
deficitis dasafarad. magaliTad, energiis iseTi wyaroebis, rogorebicaa, qari
da mze, naklia is, rom maTi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia, rodesac isini sakmarisi
raodenobiTaa. aseve, hidroeleqtrosadgurebze SesaZlebelia simZlavris cva
lebadoba sistemis moTxovnis Sesabamisad, rac sistemis mdgradobis Tvalsaz
risiTac Zalian mniSvnelovania.
e) `wylis deficitis aRmofxvra~ – eleqtroenergiis warmoebis garda, hidroener
gias sxvadasxva mizniT iyeneben. dagrovebuli wyali martivad SeiZleba gamovi
yenoT sarwyavad, sasmeli wyliT momaragebisTvis da a.S. amgvarad, wylis Senaxva
(wyalsacavSi) gvexmareba rogorc gvalvebis dros, aseve SesaZlebelia wyal
didobebis Tavidan acilebac. garda amisa, hidroeleqtrosadguris wyalsacavi
SeiZleba gamoviyenoT rekreaciuli miznebisTvisac.
2. a) wyalsacavebi, hesebi
mdinare wyalsacavi hesi

enguri jvris (walenjixa) engurhesi (gali)
eriswyali galis (gali) vardnilhesi 1.2.3.4 (gali)
lajanura lajanuris (cageri) lajanurhesi (cageri)
Sareula Saoris (ambrolauri) Saorhesi (tyibuli)
Zevrulahesi (tyibuli)
bJuJa bJuJahesi (ozurgeTi)
rioni gumaTis (wyaltubo) rionhesi (quTaisi)
gumaThesi 1,2 (quTaisTan)
varcixehesi 1,2,3,4 (baRdaTi, md. gubisw
yali)
aWariswyali awhesi (baTumTan)
mtkvari CiTaxevhesi (borjomi)
zahesi (mcxeTa)
orTaWalhesi (Tbilisi)
aragvi Jinvalis (duSeTi) Jinvalhesi (duSeTi)
iori sionis (TianeTi)
alazani xadorhesi (axmeta)
xrami walkis (walka) xramhesi 1,2 (walka)
b) Cveni qveynis mdinareTa wyaluxvoba da kalapotebis didi daxriloba maT sak

maod maRal hidroenergetikul potencials ganapirobebs.
155
3. turistul resursad.
4. betonis TaRovani kaSxali; Rrma wyalmimRebi milis tipis; derivaciuli sadawneo
gvirabi 2 Ria xiduri gadasasvlelebiT; gamTanabrebeli; rezervuari; 5 miwisqveSa
turbinis wyalsadinarebi; miwisqveSa hesis; Senoba; udawneo saderivacio gvirabi.
5. radgan eleqtroenergia meurneobis yvela dargisTvis aucilebeli resursia.
6. tradiciulad, eleqtroenergiis warmoebis sxva saxeebTan SedarebiT, hidroeleq
trosistemis upiratesoba Semdegia: SesaZlebelia wylis rezervuarebis gamoye
neba wylis Sesanaxad dabali moTxovnis periodSi da moTxovnisamebr, eleqtroen
ergiis swrafi generireba pikis saaTebSi. energiis iafi wyaroa, iwarmoeba sufTa
energia.
7. arsebuli hidroeleqtrosadgurebis didi nawili moZvelebulia da efeqtianobis
asamaRleblad modernizebas saWiroebs. xSir SemTxvevaSi ar icaven wyalsacavebis
Sevseba-damuSavebis saproeqto moTxovnebs da ar xdeba deficituri periodisTvis
saWiro energiis akumulireba. saqarTvelos energetikis dargis Semdgomi ganvi
TarebisaTvis aucilebelia qveynis hidropotencialis, rogorc energetikulad
mniSvnelovani resursis, Seswavla da gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebis dazusteba, ax
ali obieqtebis ganTavsebisa da parametrebis dadgena wylis resursebis kompleq
suri gamoyenebis masStabebisa da mizanSewonilobis gaTvaliswinebiT.
8. resursebis araracionaluri gamoyeneba.
9. saqarTvelos gaaCnia qaris energiis mniSvnelovani potenciali. qaris eleqtro
sadgurebisaTvis yvelaze xelsayreli teritoriebi kavkasiis maRalmTian zonaSi,
samxreT saqarTvelos zeganze (javaxeTis regionSi) da SavizRvispireTis samxreT
nawilSi mdebareobs. am teritoriebze qaris muSa siCqaris saerTo xangrZlivoba
weliwadSi 1400-dan 7100 saaTamde meryeobs.
saqarTvelos geografiuli mdebareobidan gamomdinare, mzis efeqturi da xan
grZlivi gamosxiveba sakmaod maRalia. qveynis umetes nawilSi mzis naTebis wliuri
xangrZlivoba daaxloebiT 1900-22007 saaTia. amasTan, muSa saaTebis raodenoba zam
TarSi 10-15%-s, xolo zafxulSi – 30-35%-s Seadgens.
saqarTveloSi energiis mniSvnelovan wyaros biomasa warmoadgens. saxelmwifo
tyis saerTo farTobi 2456 aTas heqtars Seadgens, maT Soris tyiT dafarulia 2314
aTasi heqtari. saqarTveloSi merqnis saerTo maragi – 452 mln m 3-ia, rac msoflio
merqnis maragis 0.1%-s Seadgens.
SemTxvevis analizi:
b) wyalsacaviani hesebis mSenebloba, gansakuTrebiT maRalmTian regionebSi, wyal
didobebisgan saimedo dacvas warmoadgens. wyaluxvobisas wyalsacavian hesebSi
xdeba movardnili masis akumulireba da gardaqmna eleqtroenergiad, romelic
Semdeg, mdinareebSi wylis donis klebis periodSic gamoiyeneba. Sedegad, adide
buli mdinareebi veRar angreven gzebs, xidebs, sacxovrebel saxlebs. magaliTad
kvlav sami xeobis hesi moviyvanoT: mSeneblobis idea jer kidev 1919 wels gaCnda,
misi aSeneba CineTis yvela drois xelisuflebebs surdaT, magram omebisa da kapi
talis uqonlobis gamo es ver xerxdeboda. hesi mxolod gasuli saukunis miwuruls
aSenda. esoden masStaburi kaSxlis mSeneblobis sasargeblod mTavar argumentad
1954 wlis damangreveli wyaldidoba iqca, romelsac 30 000 adamiani emsxverpla.
eleqtroenergiis warmoebis garda, hesis misias kaSxlis Semdgom xeobaSi
uzarmazari farTobebis dacvac warmoadgens. wyalsacavis saerTo moculoba 39
km3, rac savsebiT sakmarisia wyaldidobebis dasaregulireblad. Sesabamisi daan
gariSebis Tanaxmad, kaSxlis mSeneblobis Semdeg wyalmovardnebis 10%-iani al
baToba 1%-mde mcirdeba. 2010 wels sami xeobis kaSxalma bolo 130 wlis manZilze
udides wyaldidobas gauZlo (70 000 m3/wm). am periodSi kaSxlidan mxolod 40 000
m3/wm wyali gadaedineboda, xolo danarCeni wyalsacavSi akumulirdeboda. amiT
aTasobiT adamianis sicocxle gadarCa da mravalmiliardiani zarali aiciles Ta
vidan.
156
g) hesebis mSeneblobiT SesaZlebelia, qveynis energodamokidebulebis xarisxi maqsi
malurad SevamciroT. Sesabamisad, hidroeleqtrosadgurebis potencialis gan
viTareba qveynis energousafrTxoebas calsaxad gazrdis. garda amisa, hesebis
mSeneblobis gziT saqarTvelos SeuZlia, rogorc adgilobriv, aseve ucxour baz
rebs SesTavazos msoflioSi erT-erTi yvelaze iafi, sxva tradiciul energore
sursebTan SedarebiT, ekologiurad sufTa da, amave dros, ganaxlebadi hidro
eleqtroenergia.
§ 20. sarkineTi
gaixsene:
1. saqarTvelos madneuli resursebidan aRsaniSnavia: manganumi, rkina, spilenZi,
tyvia-TuTia, vercxliswyali da sxva.
2. sarkineTs uwodebdnen mxares, sadac moipovebdnen da amuSavebdnen rkinas.
davaleba:
3. saqarTvelos metalurgiis ganviTarebisTvis aqvs WiaTuris, Cxari ajameTis man
ganumi.
4. mTagoriani reliefisa da klimaturi pirobebis gamo.
5. mkacri bunebrivi pirobebis, rTuli reliefis, damuSavebisTvis vargisi miwebis da
muSaxelis simciris gamo aq meurneoba sustad aris ganviTarebuli.
6. mxaris ekonomikis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani dargia mevenaxeoba. vazis kultura,
ZiriTadad, misi ganviTarebisaTvis xelSemwyobi niadag-klimaturi pirobebis
mqone ferdobebzea gaSenebuli. mxaris dablobi zonis bunebrivi pirobebi xel
sayrelia mexileobis ganviTarebisaTvis, aseve mohyavT marcvlovani da parkosani
kulturebi da kartofili.
SemTxvevis analizi:
b) amave periodis arqeologiuri monacemebi yuradRebas ipyroben imiT, rom saqarT
veloSi fiqsirdeba liTonis gamolRobisa da damuSavebis Zalian maRali teqnika.
magaliTisaTvis SeiZleba moviyvanoT Tundac mxolod samTavro (mcxeTis r-ni). am
adgilebSi iyo ganlagebuli rkinis sawarmoebi, aqve iyideboda da SesaZlebelia,
rom es nakeTobebi aqedanve gahqondaT sxva mxareebsa da qveynebSi. am nakeTobebis
ulamazesi dizaini da Sesrulebis xarisxi Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda, rac Ta
visTavad xels uwyobda adgilobrivi madnis mompovebelTa, metalurgebisa da xe
losnebis mdidari tradiciebis SenarCunebas. unda aRvniSnoT, rom, rogorc Cans,
qarTveluri tomebisaTvis Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo iaraRis arseboba da aqedan
gamomdinare, misi damzadebac. es tomebi uZvelesi droidan sxvadasxva saxis Subebs
amzadebdnen da iyenebdnen. berZeni istorikosebis cnobebiT, kolxebs mokle Sube
bi hqondaT, xolo mosxebs (mesxebs) da xalibebs (qarTveluri tomebia) ki – grZeli.
g) migracia da vaWroba.
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Tema III aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo
§ 21. aRmosavleTi kavkasioni
gaixsene:
1. kavkasioni aris klimatgamyofi, aseve mas didi mniSvneloba hqonda, rogorc barie
rul sazRvars.
2. dasavleTi kavkasioni Savi zRvidan mwverval ialbuzamde vrceldeba.
3. kavkasionze binadrobs jixvi.
davaleba:
1. centraluri kavkasioni vrceldeba ialbuzis meridianidan myinvarwveris meridia
namde da aerTianebs kavkasionis mTavar wyalgamyof qeds, kldovan qeds, gverdiT
qedsa da maT mravalricxovan ganStoebas. mis SemadgenlobaSia aseve bezengis ked
lis 12 km sigrZis monakveTi, romelzec aRmarTulia mwvervalebi: Sxara (5068 m), jan
Ra (5059 m), kaTinTau (4970 m), gistola (4860 m) da sxv. mTavar qedze aRmarTulia ial
buzi (5642 m), dixTau (5206 m), yoSTanTau (5152 m), myinvarwveri (5054 m). centraluri
kavkasionis maqsimaluri simaRle 5000 m-s aRemateba da igi kavkasionis mTianeTis
yvelaze maRali da ganieri nawilia, romelic mTeli sigrZiT Semodis saqarTvelos
farglebSi.
2. a) aRmosavleTi kavkasionis samxreTi ganStoebebidan mniSvnelovania gudamayris,
qarTlisa da kaxeTis qedebi. CrdiloeT kalTaze gawolilia piriqiTis qedi;
misgan samxreT-aRmosavleTiT – andis, boRozis, nukatlis, samuris, salaTaus,
gimris, kabiakisa da gverdiTi qedebi. b) mniSvnelovani mwvervalebia: diklosmTa
(4285 m), adala-Suxgelmeri (4151 m), nukatli (3903), diulTidaRi (4127 m), deavgai
(4016 m), SalbuzdaRi (4142 m), tufandaRi (4191 m), SahdaRi (4243 m), bazarduzu (4466
m), babadaRi (3629 m).
3. a) mTavari qedis Crdilo kalTidan saTaves iReben mniSvnelovani mdinareebi: sun-
ja (sigrZe – 278 km), asa (sigrZe – 133 km), arRuni (sigrZe – 148 km), andis yoisu
(sigrZe – 203 km), samuri (sigrZe – 213 km). SedarebiT umniSvneloa: fortangi, mar
Tani, SaroarRuni, gamriozeni, uluCai, rubasi, giulgeriCai, gusarCai, gudi
alCai, yaraCai, aTaCai da a.S. mTavari qedis samxreTi kalTidan moedineba: iori,
alazani, duruji, kabali, alinjaCai, goqCai, girdimanCai, firsaaTi da sxv.
b) aRmosavleTi kavkasionis mdinareebi kaspiis zRvis auzs ganekuTvnebian. mTavari
wyalgamyofi qedi aRmosavleTi kavkasionis farglebSi erTmaneTisgan gamo
yofs kaspiis zRvaSi Camdinare mdinareTa auzebs. wyalgamyofis CrdiloeTiT es
aris mdinare Tergis Senakadebi (sunja, asa, arRuni), aseve, sulaki SenakadebiT
da samuri, xolo samxreTidan – mdinare mtkvari da misi Senakadebi.
g) isini saTaves mTebSi iReben da myinvarebis, Tovlis nadnobi da wvimis wylebiT
sazrdooben.
4. gazafxulze klimaturi pirobebis da simaRlis gamo.
SemTxvevis analizi:
a) fSav-xevsureTis daculi teritoriebis Seqmnis mTavari mizani aRmosavleTi kavka
sionis centraluri nawilis organuli samyaros dacva, aRdgena da SenarCunebaa.
b) mniSvnelovan wvlils Seitans, radgan gaCndeba samuSao adgilebi da dasaqmdeba
adgilobrivi mosaxleoba, rac xels Seuwyobs regionis mosaxleobis ekonomikuri
mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas, aseve mTidan barSi migraciis procesis Seferxebas
da, ufro metic, SesaZloa, wamosuli mosaxleoba mTaSi dabrundes.
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§ 22. eldaris dablobi
gaixsene:
1. naxevarudabnoebis zona gavrcelebulia CrdiloeTi da samxreTi naxevarsferos
zomieri subtropikuli da tropikuli havis qveynebSi – aziaSi – avstraliaSi, af
rikaSi, aseve fragmentulad – CrdiloeT da samxreT amerikaSi. naxevradudabnos
zonebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia mSrali kontinenturi hava; aorTqlebadoba bev
rad sWarbobs atmosferuli naleqebis wliur raodenobas (daaxloebiT 200-400 mm).
sustadaa ganviTarebuli hidrografiuli qseli, niadagi Ria wablisferi an ruxia,
xSirad damlaSebuli, mcenareuli safari gameCxrebulia, Warbobs qserofiluri
mravalwlovani balaxebi, naxevradbuCqebi, buCqebi, gazafxulisa da Semodgomis
efemerebi da efemeroidebi.
2. akumulaciuri vakeebia: zRviuri, aluviuri, tbiuri (egzogenuri reliefwar
momqmneli agentebis Sesabamisad), vulkanuri (endogenuri reliefwarmomqmneli
agentebis Sesabamisad) da sxv. saqarTveloSi aseTi vakea kolxeTis dablobi.
davaleba:
1. a) dedofliswyaros municipalitetSi; b) dedofliswyaros municipalitetis didi
nawili ivris zegans uWiravs, romelic ukidures samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi el
daris dablobSi gadadis.
2. klimaturi faqtorebi, kerZod, naleqebis Zalian mcire raodenoba.
§ 23. kazreTis sabadoebi
gaixsene:
1. tyvia-TuTia-spilenZi – madneuli; dariSxani – raWa, vercxliswyali – afxazeTi
da sxv.
2. raWasa da qarTlSi. sarkineTi.
3. maZiebelni, amomcnobni, mwuravebi, mTxrelni, mzidavni da sxv. yvelas zogadad
„rkinis kacebs“ uwodebdnen.
davaleba:
1. Ria karieruli wesiT mopoveba uaryofiT gavlenas axdens garemoze.
2. abinZurebs garemos, maT Soris niadags, mdinareebs toqsikuri liTonebiT, es
uaryofiTad aisaxeba adgilobrivi mosaxleobis janmrTelobaze, radgan am niadag
ze mohyavT sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebi.
3. soflis meurneobas, sagareubno meurneobis ganviTarebas, radgan regions esazR
vreba didi qalaqebi: Tbilisi, rusTavi; aseve ekoturizmis ganviTarebas.
4. xeli Seuwyo ekonomikur ganviTarebas: gaCnda samuSao adgilebi da adgilobrivi
mosaxleoba dasaqmda, gaizarda regionis Semosavali da sxv.
SemTxvevis analizi:
a) saydrisi erT-erTi uZvelesi oqros sabadoa msoflioSi, rac adasturebs im faqts,
rom Cvens qveyanaSi oqros mopoveba da damuSaveba meurneobis erT-erTi mniSv
nelovani dargi iyo. b) argonavtebis miTi.
159
§ 24. alazani
gaixsene:
1. mdinaris auzi aris teritoria xmeleTze, sadac xdeba mosuli naleqis Sekreba,
sxvadasxva formiT Tavmoyra da gadaadgileba. magaliTad, nakadulebis, mdina
reebis, miwisqveSa wylebisa Tu sxva formebiT. didi mdinaris auzi, rogorc wesi,
ramdenime qveauzs moicavs (mdinaris Senakadebis Sesabamisad). magaliTad, mdinare
mtkvris auzSi ramdenime qveauzia: alaznis, qsnisa da ivris.
2. transsasazRvroa mdinare, Tu igi ramdenime qveynis teritoriaze miedineba. de
damiwaze transsasazRvro mdinareebia: dunai (10 qveyana), raini (6 qveyana), nilosi
(11 qveyana) da sxv.
davaleba:
1. a) mdinaris hidrologiuri maxasiaTeblebi warmodgenas gviqmnis mdinaris „bunebis“
Sesaxeb. magaliTad, mdinaris sazrdooba da reJimi „gveubneba“, rodis aris igi
wyaluxvi da rodisaa mosalodneli masze wyaldidoba, mdinaris xarjis mixed
viT SeiZleba davadginoT misi energetikuli potenciali da ra miznebiT Sei
Zleba misi gamoyeneba.
2. alazani gamoirCeva sigrZiT. mis auzs ukavia vrceli teritoria, SeiZleba misi
gamoyeneba sameurneo daniSnulebiT, magaliTad, irigaciisTvis, wyalmomaragebis
Tvis, energetikul meurneobaSi.
3. a) alazani miedineba Crdilo-dasavleTidan samxreT-aRmosavleTisken; mdinare
alaznis auzi mdebareobs saqarTvelos aRmosavleT nawilSi, kaxeTis regionSi.
axmetis, Telavis, yvarlis, gurjaanis, lagodexis, siRnaRis da dedofliswy
aros municipalitetebSi.
b) alaznis marcxena Senakadebia: stori, lopota, inwoba, CelTi, duruji, avanis
xevi, kabali, mawimiswyali, giSiswyali da sxv. marjvena – ilto, Turdo, kisis
xevi, Wermisxevi da sxv.
g) saqarTveloSi transsasazRvro mdinareebia: mtkvari (TurqeTi, saqarTvelo,
azerbaijani), alazani (saqarTvelo, azerbaijani), iori (saqarTvelo, azerbai
jani).
4. alaznis vake aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi da kaxeTis kavkasions, gomboris qedsa da
ivris zegans Soris mdebareobs.
5. alaznis vake mTaTaSua akumulaciuri vakea, radgan masze mdinare alazani miedine
ba.
6. bunebis Zegli – kaklis yure mdinare alazanSi SeWrili naxevarkunZulis formis
mqone yurea da igi dedofliswyaros municipalitetSi, md. alaznis marjvena napir
ze, sofel firosmanidan samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, z.d. 165 m simaRleze mdebareobs.
7. alazani miedineba axmetis, Telavis, yvarlis, gurjaanis, lagodexis, siRnaRis da
dedofliswyaros municipalitetebSi.
8. alazans iyeneben sarwyavad.
9. mdinare alazanze zemo dinebaSi SeiZleba ganviTardes jomardoba, aseve ekotu
rizmi.
geografiuli kvleva:
1. orive saqarTvelos transsasazRvro mdinareebia.
2. am mdinareTa auzebSi mcxovrebi mosaxleoba, aq momuSave sawarmoebi.
3. mxareebSi, sxva seqtorebTan erTad, upirvelesad igulisxmeba adgilobrivi mosax
leobac da is ekosistemebi, romelTa funqcionirebac ama Tu im wyalzea damokide
buli.
4. metad mniSvnelovania mdinaris auzis resursebis gamoyenebis dagegmva; swori
dagegmva gulisxmobs integrirebul midgomas, anu wylis resursebi yvela seq
160
torisTvis integrirebulad unda imarTebodes da ara dacalkevebulad. mxo
lod amgvaradaa SesaZlebeli wylis resursebis efeqtiani gadanawileba yvela
prioritetul seqtorze. aseve aucilebelia auzis marTvis gegmis Sedgena. wylis
resursebis marTvis dagegmvisas, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saauzo midgomis gamo
yenebaa saWiro. aucilebelia, arsebobdes saauzo marTvis sabWoebi, romlebic
imuSaveben strategiul gegmaze da Seqmnian rekomendaciebs, romelTa safuZvel
zec aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba miiRebs gadawyvetilebas. yvela, vinc daintere
sebulia konkretuli mdinaris auzis wyalsargeblobiT, CarTuli unda iyos marT
vis procesSi da gadawyvetileba aucileblad yvela CarTuli mxaris interesebis
gaTvaliswinebiT unda miiRon. mdinaris auzebi, gansakuTrebiT transsasazRvro
auzebi, naTlad gviCvenebs globaluri TanamSromlobis saWiroebas.
§ 25. mdinare duruji da mdinare kabala
gaixsene:
1. saqarTvelos mdinareTa didi nawili 100 km-ze naklebi sigrZisaa. amasTan, mdina
reebi saqarTveloSi araTanabradaa ganawilebuli. dasavleT saqarTveloSi ufro
meti mdinare miedineba, vidre aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. dasavleT saqarTvelos
mdinareebi ekuTvnis Savi zRvis auzs da maT umetesobas damoukidebeli wyalSem
krebi auzi aqvs. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos yvela mdinare mtkvris auzs miekuTvneba
da kaspiis zRvis anu gaudinari auzis mdinareebia.
2. Rvarcofi kompleqsuri geologiur-geomorfologiuri da hidrometeorologiu
ri movlenaa. esaa maRali koncentraciis wyalgruntovani, qvatalaxiani nakadis
moZraoba mdinaris an xramis kalapotSi. Rvarcofis warmoqmna ganpirobebulia re
liefis Zlieri danawevrebiT, ferdobebisa da kalapotebis Zlieri daxrilobiT,
denudaciuri da eroziuli procesebis intensiuri ganviTarebiT, Tovlis inten
siuri dnobiT, bunebrivi an xelovnuri kaSxlebis wyalsatevebidan gadmoxeTqi
li wylebiT da Zlieri Tavsxma wvimebiT. Rvarcofis gamomwvevi mizezebia: xeobis
rTuli geologiuri da morfologiuri pirobebi; xeobaSi warmoqmnili mewyeri
da kldezvav-qvaTacvena; uxvi atmosferuli naleqi, romelsac dinamikaSi mohyavs
xeobaSi arsebuli myari natani; adamianis araswori sainJinro-sameurneo saqmiano
ba; RvarcofsaSiS adgilebSi intensiuri fizikuri gamofitvis Sedegad warmoqm
nili didi moculobis naSali masala wyliT gajerebis da gaTxevadebis pirobebSi
gadaiqceva talaxis, qvatalaxisa da wyalqvis nakadebad, romelic Cveulebrivi
wyalmovardnebisgan gamoirCeva ufro didi xarjiT, moZraobis ufro didi siCqa
riT, myari Camonadenis didi moculobiT, maRali simkvriviT da Sesabamisad, dar
tymis gansakuTrebuli siZlieriT. aseT nakadebs gamanadgurebeli Zala gaaCnia,
rac safrTxes uqmnis dasaxlebul punqtebs, angrevs an Zlier azianebs sxvadasxva
daniSnulebis Senobebs, samrewvelo Tu sasoflo-sameurneo obieqtebs, komunika
ciis sxvadasxva saSualebas, iwvevs adamianTa msxverpls.
davaleba:
1. a) mdinareebi – duruji da kabali saTaves iReben kaxeTis kavkasionis samxreT kal-
Taze da orive mdinare alaznis marcxena Senakadia.
b) duruji qalaq yvarelSi miedineba.
3. a) saqarTveloSi ZiriTadi Rvarcofuli raionebia: Tergis, aragvis, alaznis. zemo
dinebaTa auzebi – mdinare duruji da kabali. saqarTveloSi Rvarcofuli tipis
mdinareebs SegviZlia aseTi klasifikacia mivceT: pirveli – mdinare duruji,
Semdeg – Telavis xevi, kabali, Turdo.… mdinare alaznis marjvena Senakadebis um
ravlesoba Rvarcofuli tipisaa;
b) kolxeTis dablobi.
161
g) Rvarcofi did saSiSroebas uqmnis qalaqebsa da dabebs – yvarels, Telavs, ons,
cagers, axalcixes da sxv.
4. mTiani wyalSemkrebi auzi, romlis ferdobebi dafarulia xSiri, mZlavrtotiani
tyiT, fesvmagari mcenareulobiT, arasdros aris RvarcofsaSiSi. xis fesvebi
TiTqos acementeben niadags, ifaraven mas ngrevisa da eroziisagan. xis varji, bal
axi da neSompala kargad icavs niadags qarisa da mzis moqmedebisagan. TviTon xeebi
wvimis dros icaven niadags garecxvisagan, erTgvarad aSoriSoreben naleqis inten
sivobas, xolo mcenareuli safari amcirebs wylis gamWolunarianobas gruntSi.
xeebis tani ki xSirad ar aZlevs dagrovil qva-RorRs gadaadgilebis saSualebas.
ase rom, tye saukeTeso saSualebaa selur nakadebTan brZolaSi.
5. friad mniSvnelovania anTropogenuri faqtoris roli Rvarcofebis Camoyalibe
baSi. adamianis saqmianoba pirvelad Seexo, rasakvirvelia, saSualo mTian da da
bal auzebs. Rvarcofuli nakadebi, romelTac pirvelad miaqcies adamianebma yu
radReba, swored mTebSi da im adgilebSi warmoiSva, sadac adamianma daiwyo tyis
intensiuri Wra, gakafva. aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom aramarto tyis Cexa iwvevs se
lur movlenebs. didi zaralis motana SeuZlia agreTve ferdobebis gadaxvnas fer
dis gaswvriv, an saqonlis usistemo Zovebas. CamoTvlili movlenebi xels uwyoben
Rvarcofis warmoSobas.
6.
SemTxvevis analizi:
a) avtori aRwers Rvarcofs;
b) ar hqondaT sakmarisi informacia arc Rvarcofis da arc qcevis wesebis Sesaxeb.
g) durujze.
162
§ 26. lagodexis nakrZali
gaixsene:
1. daculi teritoriebis saxeebia:
saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebi

daculi teritoria mizani kategoria
(IUCN)
saxelmwifo nakrZali mkacri dacva, saganmanaTleblo da aramanipu I
laciuri kvlevebi specialuri nebarTviT
erovnuli parki ekosistemebis konservacia, ganaTleba, II
turizmis ganviTareba
bunebis Zegli bunebis Taviseburebebis konservacia (mcire III
zomis gansakuTrebuli teritoriis dacva)
aRkveTili bunebis dacva da SenarCuneba aqtiuri marT IV
vis gziT
daculi landSafti landSaftis da/an zRvis akvatoriis konser V
vacia da turizmis ganviTareba
mravalmxrivi gamoyenebis bunebrivi resursebis mdgradi gamoyeneba VI
teritoria
2. nakrZalis teritoriaze bunebrivi resursebis gamoyeneba da mopoveba saerTod

ikrZaleba, saxelmwifo aRkveTilSi ki bunebrivi resursebis gamoyeneba warimarTe
ba mdgradi gamoyenebisa da stabiluri bunebrivi ekosistemebis SenarCunebis prin
cipebTan Sesabamisad.
davaleba:
1. daculi teritoriebis CrdiloeTi sazRvari gadis kavkasionis qedis mTavari wyal
gamyofis gaswvriv, romelic amavdroulad saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvaria
ruseTis federaciasTan, kerZod, daRestnis respublikasTan. daculi terito
ria aRmosavleTiT azerbaijans esazRvreba, sadac saxelmwifo sazRvari miuyveba
mdinare mawimiswylis xeobas (mawimCai). dasavleTiT nakrZali esazRvreba lago
dexis satyeos tyeebs; aRkveTilis sazRvari gadis baisubnis qedze, xolo nakrZa
lisa – sajuxis borcvsa da msxalgoris qedze. samxreTi sazRvari emTxveva tyis
gavrcelebis qveda zRvars da uSualod ebjineba axmeta-lagodexis saavtomobilo
gzis gaswvriv mdebare dasaxlebul punqtebs (q. lagodexi da ramdenime sofeli).
2. nakrZalSi tyiTaa dafaruli 12346 ha, alpuri saZovrebs 5322 ha ukavia.
3. nakrZalis mTavari mdinareebia: kabali, ninosxevi, Sromiswyali, lagodexiswyali
da mawimiswyali. yvela es mdinare saTaves didi kavkasionis mTavar wyalgamyofze
iRebs da samxreTisken TiTqmis paralelurad moedineba.
4. mcenareTa saxeobebisa da mcenareulobis tipebis mravalferovneba, ZiriTadad,
klimaturi zonebis nairgvarobiTaa ganpirobebuli.
163
5.
subnivaluri sartyeli
zR.d. 2300 m
alpuri sartyeli
zR.d 2300 m
subalpuri meCxeri da tanbre

cili tyeebi – zR.d. 1700-2300 m
tyis sartyeli
zR.d. 450-1700 m
6. lagodexis daculi teritoriebis ZiriTad funqcias da umTavres prioritets

bunebrivi memkvidreobis SenarCuneba warmoadgens.
7. a) mravalferovan bunebriv garemoSi Camoyalibebuli unikaluri ekosistemebi,
mdidari flora da fauna, msxvil ZuZumwovarTa kargad SenarCunebuli popula
ciebi, mtacebeli/msxverplis sistemebi da xeluxlebeli tyeebi nakrZals saer
TaSoriso mniSvnelobas aniWebs.
b) xelSeuxebeli ekosistemebi, mravalferovani landSaftebi.
§ 27. mTisa da baris mcxovrebni
gaixsene:
1. saqarTvelos reliefSi 54% mTebs ukavia, 13% – mTiswinebs da danarCeni – vake-
dablobebs.
2. aRmosavleTi kavkasioni gawolilia mwverval myinvarwversa da ilxidaRs Soris;
CrdiloeTi oseTis, CeCneTis, inguSeTis, daRestnis, saqarTvelosa da azerbaijan
is farglebSi.
3. fSavi, xevsureTi, mTiuleTi, xevi, TuSeTi.
4. garemo sxvadasxva istoriul epoqaSi gansxvavebul rols TamaSobs qveynisa da mo
saxleobis cxovrebaSi. bunebrivi pirobebi mudmivad moqmedebs qveynis mosaxleo
basa da meurneobaze. misi zegavleniT Camoyalibebuli cxovrebis wesi, saqmianobis
sferoebi, kulturis niSnebi da tradiciebi memkvidreobiT Taobidan Taobas ga
daecema. aseve didia misi roli xalxTa kulturul-sameurneo tradiciebis Camoya
libebaSi.
davaleba:
1. a) xevi mdebareobs kavkasionis mTavari qedis CrdiloeT kalTaze. mTiuleTi Tavis
geografiuli mdebareobiT kavkasionis mTavar qeds ekvris; fSavi – kavkasio
nis mTavari qedis samxreTiTaa. xevsureTi – kavkasionis qedi xevsureTs yofs
or nawilad: Crdilo-aRmosavleTis mxare, anu piriqiTa xevsureTi da samxreT-
dasavleTis mxare, anu piraqeTa xevsureTi. TuSeTi – mdebareobs kavkasio
nis mTavari qedis CrdiloeT kalTaze. mTiuleTi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
mTianeTSi mdebareobs da moicavs mdinare TeTri aragvis xeobas da mis gverdiT
xevebs –amirTxevs, xarxelTxevs, CoxelTxevs, xadisxevs da sxva.
b) xevi administraciulad yazbegis anu stefanwmindis municipalitetis nawilia.
mTiuleTi – Sedis duSeTis municipalitetSi. fSavi – aragvis xeobaSi mdebareobs
da dRevandeli duSeTis municipalitets moicavs; xevsureTi mdebareobs du
SeTis municipalitetSi. TuSeTis mTeli teritoria axmetis municipalitetis
SemadgenlobaSi Sedis.
164
2. mosaxleobis migraciis da soflebis daclis, gzebis, dasaqmebis problemebi.
3. soflis meurneobis ganviTarebas aferxebs sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis mi
webis deficiti. SedarebiT metia saZovrebis farTobebia.
4. saTavgadasavlo, samTo-saTxilamuro, alpinizmi, SemecnebiTi.
5. pirobebis (gansakuTrebiT, klimatis), aseve aq gavrcelebuli samSeneblo masalis,
cxovrebis wesis, tradiciebis gamo. sacxovrebeli saxlebis asaSeneblad iyeneben
im masalas, romelic am mxareSi moipoveboda, aseve iTvaliswinebdnen bunebriv pi
robebs da gareSe safrTxeebs (mtrebs). bolo wlebSi, socialur-ekonomikuri faq
torebis gaTvaliswinebiT, marTalia, es gansxvaveba Semcirda, magram qveynis isto
riul regionebSi mosaxleobis sacxovrebeli kar-midamo Taviseburi StrixebiT
dResac gamoirCeva.
6. samosi unda yofiliyo tradiciuli saqmianobis da garemo pirobebis Sesatyvisi.
SemTxvevis analizi:
a) maRalmTiani dasaxlebebidan migraciis mizezebad stiqiuri ubedurebis sixSiris
zrda, dasaqmebasa da ganaTlebaze xelmisawvdomobis problema warmoadgens.
b) mTebSi bunebrivi pirobebis gamo rTulia urbanuli mSenebloba.
g) maRalmTiani regionebidan migrantebis gadinebis SesaCereblad saWiroa infras
truqturis da servisebis ganviTareba, aseve, turizmis ganviTarebac. magaliTad,
xevsureTs, Tavisi mdidari istoriis, arqiteqturis da bunebis wyalobiT, aqvs tur
izmis ganviTarebis potenciali, magram infrastruqturis da servisebis ararsebo
bis gamo is turistebisTvis ar aris iseTi mimzidveli, iseve rogorc svaneTi.
§ 28. meRvineoba
gaixsene:
1. gvalva.
2. qvevri, sawnaxeli, Wuri.
3. vazi saqarTveloSi mravalmxriv gamoiyeneba: yurZnisgan wuraven wvens, amzadeben
badags, TaTaras da CurCxelas, gamoiyeneba saCamiCed; arsebobs dekoratiuli jiSe
bic.
5. Rvinis damzadebis qvevris meTodi.
davaleba:
1. meRvineobis Zveli raionebia evropis qveynebi.
2. mevenaxeoba gavrcelebulia kaxeTSi, Sida qarTlSi, raWa-leCxumSi, samegreloSi,
imereTSi, guriaSi. saqarTveloSi vazis jiSebidan ufro gavrcelebulia rqawiTe
li – 55%, colikouri – 10,2%, Cinuri – 7%, saferavi – 4%, kaxuri mwvane – 3,3%,
goruli mwvane – 2,1%. danarCeni jiSebi SedarebiT mcire farTobzea.
4. bunebrivi pirobebis mravalferovneba, kerZod, klimaturi da niadaguri piro
bebi, saukeTeso garemos qmnis originaluri, xarisxovani da maRalxarisxovani
mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis ganviTarebisaTvis.
5. saqarTvelos didi perspeqtivebi aqvs.
6. Rvinis turizms udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs msoflioSi Cveni qveynis imijis Camoya
libebisTvis. es sfero aseve sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania saqarTveloSi mcire
marnebis ganviTarebisTvis. turistuli aqtivobebis farglebSi izrdeba Rvinis
adgilze moxmarebis moculoba. es ki gansakuTrebuli SesaZleblobaa im mwarmoeb
lebisTvis (da aseTebi bevrni arian), romlebsac sakuTari produqcia, jerjero
biT, ar gaaqvT eqsportze.
165
§ 29. Tbilisi
gaixsene:
1. didi abreSumis gzis erT-erTi ganStoeba.
2. Tbilisze gadis baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadeni da baqo-Tbilisi-erzerumis
gazsadeni.
davaleba:
1. a) minimaluri temperaturaa ianvarSi – +1°C, maqsimaluri ivlisSi – +25°C, amplitu-
da – 24°C. b) naleqebis maqsimumi modis maisSi – 83 mm, xolo minimumi – ianvarSi –
16. uxvnaleqiania maisi (90 mm), mcirenaleqiani – ianvari (20 mm).
2. a) gaizarda.
b) 1939-1989 wlebSi – izrdeboda; xolo 1989-2020 wlebSi klebulobda.
g) dedaqalaqSi, iseve rogorc mTel saqarTveloSi, mosaxleobis raodenoba wleb
Tan erTad icvleboda. sayovelTao aRweris monacemebiT, TbilisSi yvelaze
meti adamiani 1989 wels cxovrobda. aRniSnul wels saqarTvelos mosaxleoba 5
443 000 Seadgenda, aqedan 1 246 90 dedaqalaqSi cxovrobda. Tbilisis mosaxleo
bis zrda 2014 wels SeiniSneboda, magram 1989 welTan SedarebiT mainc Semcire
bulia. es, ZiriTadad, gare da Sida migraciulma procesebma gamoiwvia. yvelaze
didi migracia 90-ian wlebSi daiwyo, am periodSi mZime politikuri Tu social
ur-ekonomikuri problemebis gamo qveyana Zalian bevrma datova. rac Seexeba
2014 wels, TbilisSi mosaxleobis zrda soflidan qalaqSi migraciis maRalma
tempma ganapiroba.
3. mosaxleobis saSualo simWidrovea 194,38 kaci/km², rac ar asaxavs realobas.
4. misma istoriulma warsulma, aseve geografiulma mdebareobam. Tbilisi iyo kavka
siis centri.
5. Tbilisi kavkasiis regionis mniSvnelovani industriuli, socialuri da kul
turuli centria da bolo dros erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi satransporto kvanZi
xdeba globaluri energomatareblebisa da savaWro proeqtebisTvis. qalaqi isto
riuli abreSumis didi gzis erT-erT marSrutze mdebareobs da strategiuli mde
bareobiT mniSvnelovani savaWro/satranzito centris pozicia uWiravs ruseTis
Crdilo kavkasias, TurqeTsa da transkavkasiis somxeTisa da azerbaijanis respub
likebis gadakveTaze.
SemTxvevis analizi:
a) Tbilisi cnobilia, rogorc savaWro centri.
b) TiTqmis Cvens dromde ase ewodeboda dRevandeli gorgaslis moednis adgilze
mdebare Tbilisis erT-erT uZveles moedans. vaxuSti bagrationi mas – „cixis
moedans“, xolo Jan Sardeni „samxedro moedans“ uwodebda. ori ukanaskneli sax
eli asaxavda moednis adgilmdebareobas. moedani uSualod esazRvreboda kedels,
romelic kalas gamoyofda qvemo cixisagan. moedans sxva saxelebi hqonda: „qvemo
moedani“, „SeiTanbazari“, „meidani“, amasTan, gvian feodalur xanaSi es saxelwo
debebi paralelurad gamoiyeneba. cixeSi saukuneebis manZilze dampyroblebi –
sparselebi da osmalebi idebdnen binas. SemdegSic am ubnis mosaxleobis ZiriTad
nawils sparselebi Seadgenen. aqedan unda modiodes sparselebis xalxSi miRebuli
da ganzogadebuli saxelis – „TaTris“ gadatana moednis saxelwodebaze.
d) durnuki – TeTriwyaros municipalitetis soflebis – didi durnukisa da patara
durnukis Zveli saxelwodeba. yaraiazi – sofeli azerbaijanSi, aRsTafis raion
Si. aRdaSi – qalaqi azerbaijanis centralur nawilSi, imave saxelwodebis raio
nis administraciuli centri. zaqaTala – qalaqi da zaqaTalis raionis adminis
traciuli centri azerbaijanis Crdilo-dasavleTSi. hamamli – sofeli dmanisis
municipalitetSi, lambalu – somxeTi. aRzevani – TurqeTis dasaxlebuli punqtis
166
yalizmanis ZvelqarTuli saxelwodeba. borCalo (yof. qurdvaWari) – saqarTvelos
istoriul-geografiuli mxare, moicavs debedis xeobas. saxeldeba momdinareobs
XVII saukuneSi Camosaxlebuli Turqmanuli tomis – borCalusagan. arsebobs azer
baijanuli iredentistuli koncefcia (mTliani azerbaijani), romlis mixedviTac
borCalo gaigivebulia qvemo qarTlTan da azerbaijanis nawilad miiCneva.
e) am adgilebSi, ZiriTadad, CamoTvlili produqtebi mohyavdaT.
SeniSvna: TaTrebi – Turquli warmomavlobis didi eTnikuri jgufis eTnonimia. dRes,

am eTnonimis gamoyeneba, miT umetes, negatiuri mniSvnelobiT, Turqebsa da azer
baijanelebTan an muslimebTan mimarTebiT, mcdaria samecniero TvalsazrisiTac
da socialuri mniSvnelobiTac.
167
Tema IV samxreTi saqarTvelo
§ 30. vulkanuri reliefi – javaxeTis zegani
gaixsene:
1. reliefis formebi dedamiwis zedapiris uswormasworebebis erTobliobaa, rom
lebic geomorfologiur erTeulebs warmoadgenen. dedamiwis zedapirze gvxvde
ba saSualo, didi da patara zomis xmeleTis zedapiris elementebi, romlebic ga
moirCevian kargad gamoxatuli moxazulobiTa da warmoSobis istoriiT. reliefis
formebi iyofa dadebiT da uaryofiT, martiv da rTul da Caketil da gaxsnil
formebad.
reliefis formebi ganirCeva Semdegnairad: zomebiT, warmoSobiT, asakisa da
sxva niSnebiT da formiT. reliefis zomebi sxvadasxvagvaria. formaTa sididis
mixedviT gamoiyofa mega, makro, mezo, mikro da nanoreliefuri formebi; genezi
si aseve mravalferovania geomorfologiuri pirobebis mixedviT; asaki ganpiro
bebulia geologiuri mdebareobis mixedviT, xolo forma orgvaria: dadebiTi da
uaryofiTi.
2. reliefis formebi warmoiqmneba egzogenuri da endogenuri reliefwarmomqmneli
procesiT; magaliTad: diuna – rogorc reliefis dadebiTi forma iqmneba eoluri
procesebiT; xevi – uaryofiTi forma – eroziuli procesebiT; zRvis terasa –
abraziuli procesebiT; verZis Subli – myinvaruli moqmedebiT da a.S. ufro rTuli
reliefis formebi iqmneba ramdenime egzogenuri procesebis Sedegad, magaliTad:
xeoba iqmneba rogorc eroziuli, ise akumulaciuri, denudaciuri, gravitaciuli
da sxv. reliefis zomebic sxvadasxvagvaria da formaTa sididis mixedviT gamoi
yofa mega, makro, mezo, mikro da nanoreliefuri formebi.
3. saqarTvelos teritoriaze rTuli da mravalferovani reliefis Camoyalibeba
mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli mis teqtonikur agebulebasTan. Cveni qveynis reliefis
formaTa mravalferovnebis warmoSobis mizezi rogorc egzogenuri, ise endoge
nuri reliefwarmomqneli Zalebia.
4. warmoSobis mixedviT saqarTveloSi gvxvdeba vulkanuri, gravitaciuli, karstu
li, eroziuli, glacialuri, anTropogenuri da sxv. reliefis formebi.
5. vulkani geologiuri warmonaqmnia, romelic Seqmnilia dedamiwis zedapirze de
damiwis qerqidan amofrqveuli lavis gadaadgilebis da gacivebis Sedegad. vul
kanebi arsebobs Camqrali da moqmedi. vulkanebi gvxvdeba miwisZvrebis gavrcelebis
raionebSi.
davaleba:
1. a) javaxeTis zegans CrdiloeTidan esazRvreba TrialeTis, aRmosavleTidan –
abul-samsarisa da javaxeTis, xolo samxreTidan – hek-daRis qedebi. dasavle
TiT zegani bolovdeba mdinare mtkvris frialo Rrma xeobiT (300-500 m).
b) javaxeTis zegani saqarTvelos samxreT nawilSi, TurqeTisa da somxeTis momij
nave teritoriaze mdebareobs.
g) javaxeTis zegnis umaRlesi wertilia mTa didi abuli – 3301 m.
2. zegans mTel kavkasiaSi gamoarCevs mravalricxovani tbebi da Waobebi. am Tvalsaz
risiT mas saqarTvelos masStabiT mxolod kolxeTis zegani Seedreba. didi farTo
bi ukavia Waobebs (sof. suldasTan, karwaxTan, gorelovkasTan, tbebis – xanCalisa
da madaTafis da mdinare zagraniCnaias irgvliv).
3. javaxeTis zeganze mdebareobs eqvsi – didi (romelTa farTobi aRemateba 1 km2:
karwaxi, xanCali, madaTafa, saRamo, faravani, tabawyuri) da samocamde patara
168
tbaa. tbebis umetesoba erTmaneTs mdinareTa qseliT ukavSirdeba. am tbebs Soris
gamoirCeva: faravani, romelic farTobiT udidesi tbaa saqarTveloSi; tabawy
uri, romelic wylis moculobiTaa udidesi da karwaxi, romelzec saqarTvelo-
TurqeTissazRvari gadis.
§ 31. erozia
gaixsene:
1. niadagi liTosferos zeda fxvieri fenaa, romelic nayofierebiT xasiaTdeba.
2. niadagi mcenareebs uzrunvelyofs wyliT, siTboTi da sakvebi nivTierebebiT, rac
sasoflo-sameurneo kulturaTa mosavlianobas ganapirobebs. niadagi pirdapiri
Tu arapirdapiri gziT uzrunvelyofs adamianis TiTqmis yvela saWiroebas sakveb
ze, tansacmelze, TavSesafarsa Tu sicocxlisaTvis aucilebel sxva moTxovnile
baze.
3. mdinare kolorados didi kanioni aSS-Si.
davaleba:
1. niadagis eroziuli procesebis ganviTarebis intensivobaze metad didia mcena
reuli safaris gavlena. mcenare da misi miwiszeda narCenebi icavs niadags wvimis
wveTebisagan da amiT mniSvnelovnad amcirebs niadagis struqturuli agregatebis
meqanikuri daSlis process. mosuli naleqebis did nawils mcenare Tavis zedapir
ze akavebs da amiT amcirebs Txieri Camonadenis warmoqmnis SesaZleblobas. mcena
reuli safaris niadagdacviTi roli damokidebulia misi ganviTarebisa da six
Sireze, rac ufro Zlieria mcenaris ganviTareba da maRalia misi dgomis sixSire,
miT metia misi niadagdacviTi unari.
2. erozia ufro intensiurad mTian mxareSi mimdinareobs, radgan nakadis eroziul
unarsgansazRvravs wylis masa, dinebis siCqare da myari masalis raodenoba.
3. qarismieri erozia niadagis zeda fenebis axvetiT anadgurebs saxnav-saTesi far
Tobebis did masivebs. niadagis nawilakebTan erTad qars miaqvs axlad daTesili
Tesli, aSiSvlebs mcenareTa fesvebs da meqanikurad azianebs mcenareebs. niada
gis masiT ivseba sarwyavi arxebi, wyalsacavebi, ifareba gzebi, qarsafrebi da sxva,
romelTa gawmendac did xarjs moiTxovs.
4. a) saqarTveloSi wylismieri eroziis gavrcelebis regionebia: kavkasionis ferdo
bebi, aWara da samcxe-javaxeTi, xolo qarismieri eroziis – ZiriTadad, aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos mxareebi – kaxeTi, Sida da qvemo qarTli da aseve, samcxe-javaxeTi. b)
kolxeTis dablobze; g) erozia intensiurad mimdinareobs mTian teritoriebze.
5. eroziis saxeebia:
eroziis saxeebi
qarismieri erozia (deflacia) wylismieri erozia
mtvriani qariSxlebi Rvarcofuli nakadebi

yoveldRiuri qaris farTobuli erozia
mieri erozia
xazobrivi erozia
(xramebi)
irigaciuli erozia
169
§ 32. goderZis uReltexili
gaixsene:
1. uReltexili qedis an mTis masivis gadasasvlelad moxerxebuli yvelaze dabali
adgilia. igi warmoadgens Txemis dadablebas, romelic emsaxureba erTi punqti
dan (magaliTad, xeobidan) meore punqtSi (magaliTad, mezobel xeobaSi) gadasvlas.
uReltexilze SeiZleba gadiodes: safexmavlo, saavtomobilo da iSviaTad, sarki
nigzo gzebi. safexmavlos miekuTvneba sasapalne da saWapano gzebi. gadis aseve bi
likebi da samxedro gzebi; magaliTad, jvris uReltexilze gadadis saqarTvelos
samxedro gza, xolo quxoris uReltexilze – soxumis samxedro gza.
2. evropaSi metad mniSvnelovania simplonis, sen-bernarisa da sen-gotardis uRel
texilebi. sen-bernanis uReltexilze arsebobs cnobili saavtomobilo gza, xolo
sen-gotardze gadis saavtomobilo gza, romlis qveS gaWrilia gvirabi sarkinigzo
gziT. e.i. sen-gotardis uReltexils ormagi datvirTva gaaCnia. uReltexilebi
aseve kargadaa gamokveTili saqarTveloSi. magaliTad, rikoTis, jvris, qluxoris,
mailis uReltexilebi.
davaleba:
1. dasavleT kavkasionze, kerZod, afxazeTis kavkasionze mniSvnelovania qluxorisa
da maruxis uReltexilebi; centralur kavkasionze – nakris, beCos, mamisonis, zeka
ris, rokis uReltexilebi; aRmosavleT kavkasionze – uyeriCos, qeriRos, yadoris
uReltexilebi. kavkasionis uReltexilebis gavliT SesaZlebelia saqarTvelo-
ruseTis dakavSireba.
2. a) arsianis qedi mdinareebis – mtkvrisa da aWariswylis wyalgamyofia. b) goderZis
uReltexiliT samcxe-javaxeTi, konkretulad, adigenis municipaliteti aWaras
(qalaq baTums, 140 km) ukavSirdeba;
g) mniSvnelovani uReltexilebia: goderZi (2025 m), abanosyeli (2315 m); mTebi –
Tlili (2541 m), WanWaxi, civwyaro (2189 m).
3. a) goderZis samTo-saTxilamuro kurortze Semdegi saTxilamuro trasebia: lur-
ji – „profesiuli“, romlis daxriloba 25%, wiTeli – „gamocdili“ – daxriloba
40%. aseve cisferi – „saSualo“ da mwvane – „damwyebi“ (borano).
b) kurortze am etapze warmodgenilia ori mcire zomis sabagiro – borano da moZ
ravi xaliCa. aseve, 6-adgiliani bablis tipis da 8-adgiliani gondolas tipis sa
bagiroebi. funqcionirebs 2 sabagiro, 1 – gondolas tipis, 1 babli – 6-kaciani.
g) kurorti gamoirCeva mravalferovnebiT. aq aris kargad aRWurvili sasrialo
trasebi, Tavisufali srialis moyvarulTaTvis – alpuri ferdobebi, wiwvovani
tyeebi, aseve, sazafxulo soflebSi srialis SesaZlebloba, uxvi naleqi da
xarisxiani Tovli, erT-erTi yvelaze grZeli saTxilamuro sezoni saqarTvelo
Si, naklebi xalxi da dabali fasi sxva saTxilamuro kurortebTan SedarebiT.
kurortis mTavari uaryofiTi mxarea dedaqalaqidan manZili da gzis sirTule,
aseve gasarTobi saSualebebis, kvebis obieqtebisa da sastumroebis nakleboba.
4. xulo-goderZis gzis mSenebloba did stimuls miscems biznes seqtors, raTa maT
goderZis kurortze, ganaSenianebis generaluri gegmis Sesabamisad, axali turis
tuli obieqtebi, maT Soris, sastumroebi aaSenon da Seqmnan axali samuSao adgile
bi, rac regionSi mniSvnelovan Semosavals moitans. reabilitaciis Sedegad aRniS
nuli mimarTulebiT gadaadgilebis dro Semcirdeba.
SemTxvevis analizi:
a) bunebrivma pirobebma, kerZod, reliefma da klimatma. aq vrceli farTobebi ukavia
saZovrebs.
g) merqnian xemcenareebs adgilobrivi mosaxleoba, ZiriTadad, SeSad iyenebs an yidis,
170
es rom aRikveTos, adamianebs Semosavlis sxva wyaro unda gauCndeT. gamosavali
SeiZleba iyos rekreaciuli potencialis gamoyeneba, rekreaciuli wertilebis
aTviseba. magaliTad, Tundac mwvane tba erT-erTi saukeTeso rekreaciuli turis
tuli adgilia da swored am adgilis ganviTarebiT mosaxleobas unda gauCndes Se
mosavlis wyaro.
§ 33. kontinenturi hava
gaixsene:
1. temperaturuli amplituda gamoiTvleba yvelaze maRal da yvelaze dabal tem
peraturas Soris sxvaobiT dRe-Ramis, Tvis an wlis ganmavlobaSi.
2. dedamiwaze sul 13 klimaturi sartyelia, maTgan 7 ZiriTadia, 6 ki – gardamavali.
ZiriTadia is klimaturi sartylebi, sadac yalibdeba da mTeli wlis ganmavloba
Si gabatonebulia ZiriTadi haeris masebi: ekvatoruli, tropikuli, zomieri da
polaruli (arqtikuli da antarqtikuli). ZiriTad klimatur sartylebs Soris
moqceulia gardamavali klimaturi sartylebi: subekvatoruli, subtropikuli,
subpolaruli (subarqtikuli da subantarqtikuli). am klimatur sartylebSi se
zonurad monacvleobs da iWreba mezobeli haeris masebi: subekvatorulSi – ekva
toruli da tropikuli, subtropikulSi – tropikuli da zomieri, subpolarul
Si – zomieri da polaruli. zogierT klimatur sartyelSi gamoiyofa havis olqebi,
magaliTad, zomierSi – zRviuri, kontinenturi, mkveTrad kontinenturi.
3. rac ufro axlosaa teritoria zRvebTan da okeaneebTan, miT ufro teniania kli
mati da piriqiT: – rac ufro daSorebulia – miT ufro kontinenturi.
davaleba:
1. kavkasioni saqarTvelos icavs CrdiloeTidan civi haeris masebis uSualo SemoWri
sagan, xolo Savi zRva asustebs temperaturis meryeobas da xels uwyobs naleqebis
did raodenobiT mosvlas, gansakuTrebiT dasavleT saqarTveloSi.
2. mzis radiaciis reJimiT saqarTvelo subtropikul zonaSia. atmosferuli cirku
laciis xasiaTis da masTan dakavSirebuli amindis pirobebis mixedviT mis terito
rias yofen 2 cirkulaciur havis olqad da erT qveolqad. esenia: 1. zRvis subtro
pikuli notio havis olqi da 2. subtropikuli kontinenturi havidan zRvis havaze
gardamavali olqi (da am olqSi Semavali wina aziis mTianeTis mSrali subtropi
kuli havidan zomierad notio havaze gardamavali qveolqi). pirveli olqi moicavs
dasavleT saqarTvelos da xasiaTdeba zRvis notio subtropikuli havis mkafiod
gamoxatuli TvisebebiT. dabali nawili, ZiriTadad, gamoirCeva rbili zamTriT,
SedarebiT grili zafxuliT, temperaturis zomieri amplitudiT, uxvi naleqiT
da maRali sinotiviT. meore olqi moicavs aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, axasiaTebs
zomierad notio subtropikuli hava. aq zamTari ufro civia, vidre pirvel olqSi,
modis SedarebiT mcire naleqi. am olqis qveolqi moicavs saqarTvelos samxreTi
mTianeTis centralur stepur nawils. aq hava ufro kontinenturia, zafxuli –
cxeli, zamTarSi civi da atmosferuli naleqebi ramdenadme naklebia, vidre imave
simaRleze mdebare saqarTvelos sxva adgilebSi. reliefis mniSvnelovani daseri
loba zogad cirkulacias imgvarad gardaqmnis da meteorologiur elementebis
ricxviTi sidideebis iseT did sxvaobas iwvevs, rom saqarTvelos teritoriaze
gansxvavebuli klimaturi raionebi gamoiyofa.
3. a) saqarTvelos samxreTiT, samcxe-javaxeTSi. teritoriis siaxloves wylis mniSv-
nelovani sivrcis ararseboba da reliefi. samcxe-javaxeTis regioni sakmaod
maRali qedebiTaa Semofargluli. samxreTiT da nawilobriv, samxreT-aRmosav
leTiT sazRvari miuyveba – TurqeTis, somxeTis da azerbaijanis sazRvars, ro
melic mcire kavkasionis qedebis ferdobebiTaa SemosazRvruli. aRmosavleTiT
171
esazRvreba ivris zegani, dasavleTiT Semofarglulia arsianis qediT, Crdil
oeTiT ki – mesxeTis da TrialeTis qedebiT. axalcixis qvabuli moqceulia ar
sianis, mesxeTis qedebs da CrdiloeTiT ki javaxeTis zegans Soris. javaxeTis
zegani warmoadgens maRal platos, romelic TiTqmis yovel mxriv Semofarglu
lia qedebiT.
b) samcxe-javaxeTi Sedis aRmosavleT saqarTvelos klimatur olqSi da warmod
genilia Semdegi havis tipebiT: mSrali subtropikuli hava (zomierad civi zam
TriT da xangrZlivi cxeli zafxuliT); zomierad mSrali subtropikuli hava;
baris zona stepuri haviT (civi zamTriT da Tbili xangrZlivi zafxuliT); mSra
li, zomierad Tbili stepuri hava; mTis stepis (mcire Tovliani civi zamTriT
da grili zafxuliT); mTis zeda nawilSi ki warmodgenilia notio kontinenturi
hava, sadac haeris temperatura dabalia; zomierad notio (civi zamTriT da xan
grZlivi Tbili zafxuliT);
4. qedebi, romlebic esazRvreba axalcixis qvabuls, miuxedavad maTi simaRlisa, ver
akaveben dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTidan haeris civi masebis SemoWras, isini mxo
lod da mxolod asusteben aseTi SemoWris efeqts.
5. Tboizolacia da Tavdacva. javaxeTis klimati civi zamTriTa da cxeli zafxuliT
xasiaTdeba, Sesabamisad, miwaSi saxlis Seneba zafxulSi – sigrilis, xolo zamTarSi
siTbos garantiaa. rac Seexeba Tavdacvas, geografiuli mdebareobis gamo es mxare
xSiri Semosevebis msxverpli iyo, Sesabamisad „SeniRbuli“ saxlebis mSenebloba
Wkvianuri gamosavali iyo mosaxleobisTvis.
6. rekreacia da samkurnalo (samedicino) turizmi.
7. radgan ciur sxeulebze optikuri xelsawyoebiT dakvirveba mxolod maSinaa SesaZ
lebeli, roca haeri sufTaa da maRali gamWvirvalobiT xasiaTdeba, xSiria mdgradi
atmosfero da mravladaa uRrublo dRe da Rame.
8. xelsayrelma geografiulma mdebareobam, klimaturma pirobebma, gansakuTrebiT
mdgradma da xangrZlivma Tovlis safarma.
§ 34. borjomis mineraluri wyali
gaixsene:
1. mineraluri wyali miiCneva turistul-rekreaciul resursad, radgan is adgili
SeiZleba kurortad Camoyalibdes.
2. balneologiuri kurortebi funqcionirebs mineraluri wylebisa da talaxebis
bazaze da daavadebis samkurnalod iyenebs maT samkurnalo Tvisebebs. msoflioSi
cnobili balneologiuri kurortebia: karlovi vari, viSi da sxv., saqarTveloSi –
borjomi, wyaltubo, sairme, uwera, abasTumani, zvare, nunisi, lebarde da sxv.
davaleba:
1. kvebis mrewvelobis, transportis, vaWrobis.
2. borjomis wylis unikalurma Tvisebebma, romelic mraval daavadebas kurnavs,
saukeTesod wmends organizms, acilebs simZimis usiamovno grZnobas.
3. samedicino turizmi gulisxmobs pacientebis sazRvargareT mogzaurobas same
dicino momsaxurebis miRebis mizniT. Tumca, imave mizniT adamianebma SeiZleba
imogzauron sakuTar qveyanaSic. samedicino turizms SeiZleba gaaCndes gansxvave
buli miznebi: prevencia, reabilitacia, mkurnaloba (maT Soris operaciuli). Sesa
bamisad, TiToeul segments uzrunvelyofs specializebuli samedicino centrebi.
samedicino turizmis seqtorSi dominirebs gamajansaRebeli turizmi da spatu
rizmi (bazris 41%).
samedicino turizmi SedarebiT axali, magram swrafad ganviTarebadi dargia.
misi zrdis tempi turizmis sxva segmentebs Soris yvelaze maRalia. samedicino
172
turizmis mzard mniSvnelobaze migvaniSnebs is faqti, rom msoflioSi 50 qveyanaze
mets samedicino turizmis ganviTareba saxelmwifo prioritetad aqvs gansazR
vruli. globaluri ekonomikuri konkurenciis pirobebSi, samedicino turizmi
xels uwyobs medicinis ufro swrafad ganviTarebas da SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad
Secvalos jandacvis erovnuli sistemebis saxe.
saqarTvelos samkurnalo turizmis mimarTulebiT sakmaod didi potenciali
gaaCnia, radgan mdidaria sakurorto adgilebiT. dRes aRiricxeba 102 kurorti da
182 sakurorto adgili, sadac momxmareblebisaTvis sxvadasxva daavadebis mkur
nalobis, reabilitaciisa da gajansaRebis SeTavazeba SeuZliaT. aqve aRsaniSnavia,
rom saqarTveloSi msoflioSi arsebuli yvela samedicino profilis kurortia,
sadac arsebobs bunebrivi samkurnalo faqtorebi – mineraluri wyali, talaxi,
gamajansaRebeli hava da aucilebeli pirobebi maTi samkurnalo-profilaqtikuri
mizniT gamoyenebisTvis.
saqarTveloSi SesaZlebelia samedicino turizmis iseTi specifikuri saxeebis
ganviTareba, rogoricaa klimaturi (mTis, zRvis sanapiro, tyis da velis kurorte
bi) da balneologiuri kurortebi (sasmeli wylisa da abazanebiT samkurnalo). isi
ni odiTganve warmoadgendnen qveynis turistul Rirsebas.
§ 35. namarxi tye
gaixsene:
1. vulkanuri formebi yvelaze ufro vrclad samxreT saqarTveloSia (mesxeT-javaxe
Ti, qvemo qarTli), ufro naklebi masStabiT ki – kavkasionze (yazbeg-velis raioni)
da mcire kavkasionze (Toris raioni) gvxdeba.
2. vulkanuri formebi gamosaxulia vulkanuri konusebiTa da maTi mwkrivebiT, la
vuri platoebiTa da RvarebiT, agreTve specifikuri mikroreliefuri warmonaqm
nebiT (`bumberazTa qvafenilebi~, `lavuri orRanebi~).
davaleba:
1. a) es faqti adasturebs liTosferos filebis Teorias, romlis mixedviTac 200-210
milioni wlis win Tanamedrove kontinentebi erT mTlian superkontinents –
gondvanas warmoadgendnen. Semdeg isini gancalkevdnen, magram am mTlian konti
nentze im dros erTnairi bunebrivi pirobebi arsebobda.
b) am dros saqarTveloSi tropikuli klimati iyo, romelic TandaTan zomieri da
SedarebiT mSrali haviT Seicvala.
2. wliuri rgolebis daTvliT SeiZleba davadginoT mcenaris asaki (rac meti rgolia,
miT meti xnisaa xe), aseve pirobebi, romelSic izrdeboda mcenare ama Tu im wels,
dadgindes qsovilis zrdis sezonuri cvlilebebi; agreTve horizontis mxareebi
(magaliTad, CrdiloeTi- samxreTi).
4. goderZis ganamarxebuli tye kavkasiis masStabiT da, zogadad, regionSi, erTad
erTi da unikaluria. garda amisa, goderZis sabados aTviseba xels Seuwyobs mosax
leobis dasaqmebas, xolo aq arsebuli gvirabebis gawmendisa da mowesrigebis Sede
gad SeiZleba sabado geoturizmisTvis mimzidvel adgilad iqces.
SemTxvevis analizi:
a) ganamarxebuli tyis fragmentebis monakveTebis teritoriis gamagreba da damca
vi zRudeebis Seqmna. Wragavlil farTobebze mozard-aRmonacenis ganviTarebis
xelSewyobisaTvis, aucilebelia Tibvisa da Zovebis akrZalva. aseve, Semdeg wlebSi
Wrebis warmoebis Semcireba an srulad akrZalva; tyeSi sanitariuli mdgomareobis
gaumjobesebisaTvis ki, Wragavlili farTobebidan unda gamoitanon msxvili xetye,
romelic mravlad gvxvdeba tyis mTel teritoriaze.
173
b) orive regionisTvis.
g) goderZis namarxi tye bunebis unikaluri Zeglia.
§ 36. mecxoveleoba
gaixsene:
1. soflis meurneoba materialuri warmoebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi dargia, romlis
mTavari mizania sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis moyvana da Sinauri cxovelebis
moSeneba memcenareobisa da mecxoveleobis produqciis miRebis mizniT da, Sesa
bamisad, memcenareobisgan (miwaTmoqmedeba) da mecxoveleobisgan Sedgeba.
2. mecxoveleoba soflis meurneobis dargia, romelic uzrunvelyofs sasoflo-
sameurneo cxovelTa moSenebas da maTgan produqtebis warmoebas.
3. soflis meurneobis dargobrivi struqtura da specializacia mniSvnelovnadaa
damokidebuli garemos iseT pirobebze, rogoricaa niadagi, klimati, geografiu
li mdebareoba, reliefi da sxva.
davaleba:
1. saZovrebiT gamoirCeva mTiani regionebi, aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo da samcxe-
javaxeTi. samcxe-javaxeTSi aseve gvxvdeba saTibebi.
2. reliefis gamo.
174
8.
Sefaseba
Tanamedrove saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi efeqtiani da warmatebuli swavlebisTvis

mniSvnelovania moswavleTa motivaciis amaRleba, risTvisac didi mniSvneloba aqvs mos
wavleTa obieqtur Sefasebas, Sefasebis mravalmxriv midgomas, Sefasebis rubrikebis
gamoyenebas muSaobis procesSi. moswavlis Sefaseba maswavleblis erT-erTi ZiriTadi
da mniSvnelovani saqmianobaa. mkvlevarTa azriT (muisi da reinoldsi, 2005), Sefasebaze
maswavleblis drois erTi mesamedi ixarjeba.
moswavlis Sefaseba gvaZlevs imis saSualebas, gavigoT, Tu rogor aiTvises moswav
leebma saswavlo masala, romelia maTi Zlieri da susti mxare. Sefasebis saSualebiT
sworad vgegmavT saswavlo process da moswavleTa progresisa Tu regresis gaTval
iswinebiT vadgenT saswavlo aqtivobebs.
dRes zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolaSi gamoiyeneba ori tipis Sefaseba – ganmsazRvreli
da ganmaviTarebeli. ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba adgens moswavlis miRwevis dones sagnob
rivi saswavlo gegmis SedegebTan mimarTebiT. moswavle fasdeba aTquliani sistemiT,
yvelaze dabali qula aris 1, xolo yvelaze maRali qula – 10. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba
adgens TiToeuli moswavlis ganviTarebis dinamikas da mimarTulia swavlis xarisxis
gaumjobesebaze.
saklaso Sefaseba unda Seesabamebodes erovnuli saswavlo gegmis pirveli karis me-7
TavSi gansazRvrul Sefasebis principebs, miznebsa da amocanebs.
swavlis xarisxis gaumjobesebis xelSesawyobad upiratesoba unda mieniWos ganmavi
Tarebel Sefasebas, romelic afasebs moswavles Tavis winare SedegebTan mimarTebiT,
zomavs individualur winsvlas da, amdenad, aZlevs moswavles codnis etapobrivi kon
struirebis saSualebas.
mniSvnelovania, moswavle Tavad iyos CarTuli ganmaviTarebel SefasebaSi. swavlis
procesis Sefaseba moswavles gamoumuSavebs damoukideblad swavlis unar-Cvevebs, daex
mareba swavlis strategiebis aTvisebaSi, saSualebas miscems, gacnobierebulad Seuwyos
xeli sakuTar winsvlasa da warmatebas. SefasebaSi CarTvis ZiriTadi mizania moswavlis
gaTviTcnobiereba swavlis procesebSi, rac mas am procesebis gaazrebulad da damoukideb
lad marTvas Seaswavlis.
Semajamebeli (ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli) Sefaseba
Semajamebeli Sefaseba unda zomavdes, ramdenad flobs an/da ramdenad funqciurad

iyenebs moswavle samizne cnebebs. cnebebis dauflebis xarisxis Sesafaseblad gamoiyeneba
e.w. solo taqsonomia (dakvirvebadi saswavlo Sedegebis struqturis taqsonomia – ingl.
SOLO – Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes), romelic warmoadgens platformas Sefasebis
kriteriumebis SesamuSaveblad. solo taqsonomia zomavs moswavleTa miRwevebs 5 donis
mixedviT.
175
es doneebia:
SOLO 1: prestruqturuli done

moswavles saerTod ver gauazrebia sakiTxi, iyenebs Seusabamo, ararelevantur informacias
an/da saerTod acdenilia sakiTxs.
SOLO 2: unistruqturuli done
moswavles SeuZlia mxolod erTi aspeqtis ganxilva da martivi, aSkara/cxadi kavSirebis dam
yareba. moswavles SeuZlia terminologiis gamoyeneba, zepirad gadmocema (gaxseneba), martivi
instruqciebis/algoriTmebis Sesruleba; parafrazireba, amocnoba, dasaxeleba an daTvla.
SOLO 3: multistruqturuli done
moswavles SeuZlia ramdenime aspeqtis ganxilva gancalkevebulad, erTmaneTTan kavSiris
gareSe. mas SeuZlia CamoTvla, aRwera, klasificireba, kombinireba; meTodebis, struqturis
gamoyeneba; procedurebis Sesruleba da sxv.
SOLO 4: mimarTebiTi done
moswavles SeuZlia gaiazros kavSiri ramdenime aspeqts Soris, agreTve isic, Tu rogor erge
ba/Seexameba es aspeqtebi erTmaneTs da qmnis mTels, mTlianobas. misi naazrevi struqturire
bulia da amgvarad, moswavles aqvs imis unari, rom Seadaros, daakavSiros, gaaanalizos, gamoi
yenos Teoria, axsnas sakiTxi mizezebisa da Sedegebis kuTxiT.
SOLO 5: gafarToebuli abstraqtuli done
moswavles SeuZlia struqturis ganzogadeba mocemulis/SeTavazebulis miRma, struqturis
aRqma mravali sxvadasxva kuTxidan/TvalTaxedviT da ideebis gadatana axal sferoSi. mas
SeuZlia ganzogadeba, hipoTezis wamoyeneba, kritika an Teoriis Camoyalibeba.
solo taqsonomiis erT-erTi dadebiTi mxare isaa, rom maswavleblebs gauadvilde

baT donis gansazRvra da daexmarebian moswavleebs saswavlo procesis warmarTvaSi.
Semajamebeli SefasebisTvis gamoiyeneba kompleqsuri davalebebi, romlebic moiTxovs
samizne cnebebiT gansazRvruli codnis integrirebulad gamoyenebas funqciur kon
teqstebSi.
tipobrivi davalebebi Semajamebeli SefasebisaTvis
qvemoT gTavazobT standartiT gaTvaliswinebul tipobriv Semajamebel davale

baTa nusxas. moswavleze da/an maswavlebelzea damokidebuli, Tu romel davalebas/
davalebebs SearCevs.
• proeqti (proeqti SeiZleba exebodes iseT sakvlev sakiTxs, rogoricaa `ra gare
mosdacviTi problemebi arsebobs Cvens TemSi?“. kvlevis Sedegebi sxvadasxva saxiT
SeiZleba iqnas warmodgenili (prezentacia, werilobiTi angariSi da/an ese).
• geografiuli informaciis sxvadasxva wyaroze dayrdnobiT grafikebis, cxrilebis,
diagramebis Seqmna.
• ese (moswavleebi daweren eses problemur da/an aqtualur sakiTxze, mag.: „rogor
SevamciroT katastrofebisgan moyenebuli zarali?“);
• savele kvleva (kvleviTi samuSao tardeba saklaso oTaxis gareT, magaliTad, am dros
moswavleebi maswavlebelTan erTad midian bunebaSi, an romelime sawarmoSi da ikvle
ven iseT sakiTxebs, rogorebicaa: mdinariseuli procesebi da maT mier warmoqmnili
reliefis formebi, sawarmos tipi da gamoSvebuli produqcia).
176
geografiaSi unda Sefasdes moswavlis ZiriTadi geografiuli codna da misi gaaz
rebuli gamoyeneba, ZiriTadi geografiuli unarebis SeZena da Rirebulebebisa da mid
gomebis ganviTareba mdgradi ganviTarebisaTvis. Sefasebis sxvadasxva xerxi gamoiye
neba rac SeiZleba bunebrivad, raTa moswavleebma SeZlon sakuTari SesaZleblobebis
gamovlena (ix. damatebiTi literatura, `geografiuli unarebi~).
moswavleebis Sesaxeb am Rirebuli informaciis umetesi nawili grovdeba yovel
dRiuri dakvirvebis procesSi, gansakuTrebiT, efeqtiani gamokiTxvisa da diskusiis
procesSi. aseTi dakvirveba aucilebelia daskvnebis gamosatanad imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra
ician moswavleebma, ra aris maTi Zlieri mxare da ras sWirdeba gaumjobeseba, raTa
dasaxuli miznebis misaRwevad SeirCes saTanado, Sesabamisi swavlebis strategiebi.
yovelive zemoT aRniSnulis miRweva SesaZlebelia moswavlis samuSao procesze dakvirve
biT, agreTve moswavleebis pasuxebze dayrdnobiT, saklaso diskusiebSi monawileobiT,
moswavlis namuSevris ganmsazRvreli SefasebiT da efeqtiani, xarisxiani ukukavSiriT,
moswavleebis TviTSefasebiT da urTierTSefasebiT.
Rirebuli informacia moswavlis miRwevis Sesaxeb SeiZleba SevagrovoT sxvadasxva
saklaso aqtivobaSi CarTulobis dros moswavleze dakvirvebisa da Sefasebis Sede
gad. es aqtivobebi moicavs: informaciis mopovebas pirveladi da meoradi wyaroebi
dan, velze dakvirvebas, martivi cdebis Sedegad SesaZlo Sedegebis prognozirebas,
kanonzomierebebis dadgenas, samuSao furclebis Sevsebas, zepir prezentacias, weriT
samuSaos, konturul da Tematur rukebze muSaobas, saklaso testebs, rukebis Sedgenasa
da analizs, grafikebis gamoyenebas da interpretacias, eleqtronuli mediis saSuale
bebidan informaciis mopovebas, geografiuli kvlevis damoukideblad Catarebas da
dakvirvebis Sedegebis proeqtis saxiT warmodgenas.
sxvadasxva sirTulis davalebebis gamoyeneba gansxvavebul situaciebSi maswavle
bels saSualebas aZlevs, ufro zustad Seafasos gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobebis mqone
moswavlis geografiuli codna/gaazrebis unari.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis procedurebi maswavleblebs aZlevs Rirebul infor
macias moswavlis miRwevis Sesaxeb da gavlenas axdens maT progresze. Tumca Semajame
beli Sefasebebi, rogorebicaa Sualeduri, semestruli werebi, ar unda gamoiyenebodes
mxolod niSnis dasawerad, aramed unda emsaxurebodes moswavlis miRwevis Sefasebasac.
isini unda Seicavdes ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis elementebsac, raTa wavaxalisoT
moswavleebi, moaxdinon refleqsia sakuTar namuSevarze, rac amave dros exmareba mas
wavlebels, Seafasos swavlebis warmateba da dasaxos miznebi mis gasaumjobeseblad.
moswavlis progresis amsaxveli dokumentacia SeiZleba moTavsdes moswavlis port
folioSi. es SeiZleba moicavdes martiv dokuments, romelic adasturebs moswavlis
Zalisxmevas da SeiZleba warmoadgendes rukaze namuSevars, Seqmnili modelis fotos,
nanaxi sakvlevi adgilebis Sesaxeb Canawerebs da suraTebs, eqsperimentebis Catarebis
amsaxvel dokumentacias, moswavlis Canawerebs samuSao furclis saxiT, an kvlevis
masalebs meoradi wyaroebidan, rogoricaa interneti. miuxedavad imisa, rom port
folioebi kargi saSualebaa SefasebisTvis, skolebisaTvis ar arsebobs portfolios
warmoebis raime saxis standartizebuli moTxovnebi.
177
178
Tema ____________________________________________________________________________________________
sakiTxi _________________________________________________________________________________________
kompleqsuri davalebis piroba _________________________________________________________________
samizne cneba geografiuli geografiuli geografiuli mosaxleoba mdgradi

kvleva da garsi movlena, da meurneoba ganviTareba
analizi geografiuli
kriteriumi procesi
abstraqtuli done moswavle kompleqsuri davalebis saSualebiT gamokveTil magaliTebze dayrdnobiT urTi
moswavles siRrmiseu erTdakavSirebulad msjelobs sagnis farglebSi gamokveTil yvela samizne cnebaze.
lad aqvs gaazrebuli
sakiTxis arsi/arsobrivi ukavSirebs kompleqsuri davalebis saSualebiT gamokveTil mocemulobas (codnis ganzo
maxasiaTeblebi, rac gadeba, paralelebis gavleba pirad gamocdilebasTan) (saqarTvelos magaliTze, an/da
mas am codnis ganzo sadac es SesaZlebelia) da sxva cxovrebiseul situaciebs. msjelobs erovnuli saswavlo
gadebisa da misi dekon gegmis makrocnebaze/makrocnebebze kompleqsuri davalebis pirobaze dayrdnobiT.
tuli done ki saerToa yvela samizne cnebisTvis.
teqstualizebis/sxva
msgavs magaliTebTan
Sedarebis saSualebas
aZlevs. ukavSirebs gan
saxilvel sakiTxs pirad
solo taqsonomiis rubrikis zogadi nimuSi
gamocdilebas.
romel samizne cnebasac amowmebs da romel donezec aris moswavle.
rekomendaciebi rubrikis praqtikaSi gamosayeneblad
meblad, sadac yuradReba eqceva terminebs – „aRwere-axseni-Seafases“.

biT. maswavlebeli ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis komentars Cawers mxolod im grafaSi,
pirveli oTxi done (prestruqturuli, unistruqturuli, multistruqturuli,
es rubrika gankuTvnilia ganmaviTarebeli SefasebisTvis da ara testebis Sesamow

rubrikis gamoyeneba SeiZleba sagnis farglebSi nebismier samizne cnebasTan mimarTe
mimarTebiTi) yvela cnebasTan mimarTebiT praqtikulad identuria, mexuTe - abstraq
mimarTebiTi done moswavle mwyobrad da moswavle mwyobrad da moswavle mwyobrad da moswavle mwyobrad da moswavle mwyobrad da
moswavles esmis Tanamimdevrulad gad Tanamimdevrulad gad Tanamimdevrulad gad Tanamimdevrulad gad Tanamimdevrulad gad
gansaxilveli sakiTxis moscems geografiul moscems geografiul moscems geografiul moscems mosaxleobasa da moscems mdgrad ganvi
arsi; xedavs urTierT kvlevasa da analizTan garsTan dakavSirebul movlenasa da geogra meurneobasTan TarebasTan dakavSire
mimarTebebs sakiTxTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs sakiTxebs. gamokveTs fiul procesTan dakav dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. bul sakiTxebs. gamokveTs
dakavSirebul arsebiT da procedurebs. kompleqsuri davalebis Sirebul sakiTxebs. gamokveTs kompleqsuri kompleqsuri davalebis
struqturul erTeulebs gamokveTs kompleqsuri Sefasebis kriteriume gamokveTs kompleqsuri davalebis Sefasebis Sefasebis kriteriume
Soris. davalebis Sefasebis bis/samizne cnebis mkvid davalebis Sefasebis kriteriumebis/samizne bis/samizne cnebis mkvid
kriteriumebis/samizne ri warmodgenebis saSua kriteriumebis/samizne cnebis mkvidri warmod ri warmodgenebis saSua
cnebis mkvidri warmod lebiT gansazRvrul cnebis mkvidri warmod genebis saSualebiT gan lebiT gansazRvrul
genebis saSualebiT gan niuansebs. genebis saSualebiT gan sazRvrul niuansebs. niuansebs.
sazRvrul niuansebs. sazRvrul niuansebs.
multistruqturuli moswavles aqvs araerTi moswavles aqvs araerTi moswavles aqvs araerTi moswavles aqvs araerTi moswavles aqvs araerTi
done asociacia Sesaswavl asociacia Sesaswavl asociacia Sesaswavl asociacia Sesaswavl asociacia Sesaswavl
moswavles aqvs mxolod sakiTxTan mimarTebiT, sakiTxTan mimarTebiT, sakiTxTan mimarTebiT, sakiTxTan mimarTebiT, sakiTxTan mimarTebiT,
ramdenime, erTmaneTTan Tumca, imave sakiTxTan Tumca, imave sakiTxTan Tumca, imave sakiTxTan Tumca, imave sakiTxTan Tumca, imave sakiTxTan
daukavSirebeli, usiste dakavSirebiT dakavSirebiT dakavSirebiT dakavSirebiT dakavSirebiT
mo asociacia/warmodgena mis mier gadmocemul mis mier gadmocemul mis mier gadmocemul mis mier gadmocemul mis mier gadmocemul
gansaxilvel sakiTxTan ambebs ar aqvs mwyobri, ambebs ar aqvs mwyobri, ambebs ar aqvs mwyobri, ambebs ar aqvs mwyobri, ambebs ar aqvs mwyobri,
dakavSirebiT. Tanamimdevruli saxe. Tanamimdevruli saxe. Tanamimdevruli saxe. Tanamimdevruli saxe. Tanamimdevruli saxe.
unistruqturuli done moswavlis msjeloba moswavlis msjeloba moswavlis msjeloba moswavlis msjeloba moswavlis msjeloba
moswavles aqvs mxolod Sesaswavl sakiTx Sesaswavl sakiTx Sesaswavl sakiTx Sesaswavl sakiTx Sesaswavl sakiTx
erTi arastruqturi Tan dakavSirebiT Tan dakavSirebiT Tan dakavSirebiT Tan dakavSirebiT Tan dakavSirebiT
rebuli asociacia/ Semoifargleba sakvanZo Semoifargleba sakvanZo Semoifargleba sakvanZo Semoifargleba sakvanZo Semoifargleba sakvanZo
warmodgena gansaxilvel sityvebze/saTaurze sityvebze/saTaurze sityvebze/saTaurze sityvebze/saTaurze sityvebze/saTaurze
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. martivi da logikuri martivi da logikuri martivi da logikuri martivi da logikuri martivi da logikuri
refleqsiiT. refleqsiiT. refleqsiiT. refleqsiiT. refleqsiiT.
prestruqturuli done moswavle marTebu moswavle marTebu moswavle marTebu moswavle marTebu moswavle marTebu
moswavles sakiTxTan lad ver igebs sakiTx lad ver igebs sakiTx lad ver igebs sakiTx lad ver igebs sakiTx lad ver igebs sakiTx
dakavSirebiT ar aqvs Tan dakavSirebul Tan dakavSirebul Tan dakavSirebul Tan dakavSirebul Tan dakavSirebul
relevanturi informa SekiTxvebs/kompleqsuri SekiTxvebs/kompleqsuri SekiTxvebs/kompleqsuri SekiTxvebs/kompleqsuri SekiTxvebs/kompleqsuri
cia. davalebis pirobas. davalebis pirobas. davalebis pirobas. davalebis pirobas. davalebis pirobas.
179
180
Tema: saqarTvelo
sakiTxi: iuneskos siaSi warsadgeni obieqtebis SerCeva
kompleqsuri davalebis piroba: warmoidgine, rom rogorc saqarTvelos warmomadgeneli monawileob iuneskos msoflio
kulturuli da bunebis memkvidreobis siis ganaxlebaSi. Seni mizania, saqarTvelodan SearCio 2 obieqti, romelTagan erTs –
UNESCO-s msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi, xolo meores aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis siaSi Seitan da warmoadgino
posteri maT Sesaxeb.
posterSi xazgasmiT warmoaCine:
• geografiuli garemos mniSvneloba materialuri da aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebis CamoyalibebaSi;
• sazogadoebriv-geografiuli procesebis gavlena msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi da aramaterialuri kulturuli memkv
idreobis warmomadgenlobiT siaSi Sesatani obieqtebis SenarCuneba-dacvis saqmeSi;
• mdgradi ganviTarebis principebisa da erovnuli TviTmyofadobis mniSvneloba materialuri da aramaterialuri kultu
ruli Zeglebis gadarCenis kuTxiT;
• materialuri da aramaterialuri kulturuli Zeglebis mniSvneloba qveynis ganviTarebis procesSi.
samizne cneba geografiuli geografiuli geografiuli mosaxleoba da mdgradi

kvleva da garsi movlena, meurneoba ganviTareba
analizi geografiuli
solo taqsonomiis nimuSebi
kriteriumi procesi
gafarToebuli moswavle iuneskoSi warsadgeni obieqtebis siis Sedgenisas gamokveTil magaliTebze dayrdnobiT
abstraqtuli done akavSirebs da msjelobs sagnis farglebSi gamokveTil yvela samizne cnebaze.
tuli done ki saerToa yvela samizne cnebisTvis.
moswavles siRrmiseulad moswavles srulyofilad aqvs warmodgenili davaleba – posteri. siRrmiseulad gaazrebuli aqvs
aqvs gaazrebuli sak cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri warmodgenebi.
iTxis arsi / arsobrivi moswavles mohyavs magaliTebi da asabuTebs sakuTar mosazrebebs. moswavle msjelobisas iyenebs
maxasiaTeblebi, rac mas Semdeg frazebs: me vici, Tu romeli kriteriumis, Tu romeli kriteriumebis mixedviT unda SeirCes
am codnis ganzogadebisa UNESCO-s msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi da aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis siaSi
da misi dekonteqstu Sesatani obieqtebi“ – ....“ naSromSi gamokveTilia geografiuli garemos mniSvneloba da gavlena
alizebis/sxva msgavs materialuri da aramaterialuri Zeglebis CamoyalibebaSi; msjelobs sazogadoebriv-geografiuli
rekomendaciebi rubrikis praqtikaSi gamosayeneblad
magaliTebTan Sedarebis procesebis rolze da ganixilavs konkretul faqtebs, akavSirebs cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasTan.
romel samizne cnebasac amowmebs da romel donezec aris moswavle.
saSualebas aZlevs. msjelobs da asabuTebs SerCeuli Zeglebis mniSvnelobaze qveynis ganviTarebis procesSi mdgradi
ukavSirebs gansaxilvel ganviTarebis principebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
sakiTxs sakuTar pirad SerCeul kriteriumebsa da Zeglebs adarebs UNESCO-s msoflio memkvidreobis siaSi myof Zeglebs
gamocdilebas. da ganixilavs msoflio (globalur) WrilSi.
msjelobs erovnuli saswavlo gegmis makrocnebaze/makrocnebebze kompleqsuri davalebis pirobaze
dayrdnobiT.
rubrikis gamoyeneba SeiZleba sagnis farglebSi nebismier samizne cnebasTan mimarTe
mimarTebiTi) yvela cnebasTan mimarTebiT, praqtikulad, identuria, mexuTe – abstraq
pirveli oTxi done (prestruqturuli, unistruqturuli, multistruqturuli,
biT. maswavlebeli ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis komentars Cawers mxolod im grafaSi,

mimarTebiTi done moswavle mwyobrad da moswavle mwyobrad da moswavle mwyobrad da moswavle mwyobrad da moswavle mwyobrad
moswavles esmis gansa Tanmimdevrulad Tanmimdevrulad Tanmimdevrulad gad Tanmimdevrulad gan da Tanmimdevrulad
xilveli sakiTxis arsi; adgens kvlevis gegmas, gadmoscems geografiu moscems sazogadoebriv- sazRvravs materialuri gadmoscems SerCeuli
xedavs urTierTmimarTe gansazRvravs materia li sferoebis urTierT geografiuli proce da aramaterialuri Zeglebis garemosdacviT
bebs sakiTxTan dakavSi luri da aramateria kavSirs, urTierTqmede sebis rols msoflio kulturuli Zeglebis sakiTxebs. gamokveTs
rebul arsebiT struq luri memkvidreobis bas da maT gavlenas memkvidreobis siaSi mniSvnelobas qveynis mdgradi ganviTarebis
turul erTeulebs Zeglebis adgilmdeba materialuri da aramate Sesatani materialuri ganviTarebis procesSi, sam mTavar komponents
Soris. reobas, aanalizebs da rialuri memkvidreobis da aramaterialuri msjelobs meurneobis Soris urTierTkavSirs:
Seiswavlis. adgens Zeglebis Camoyalibebaze. Zeglebis SenarCunebasa dargobriv struqturaze socialuri, ekonomikuri
saWiro resursebs, ganixilavs rogorc da SerCevaSi. amyarebs da gansazRvravs konkre da garemosdacviTi.
rukebs, fotoebs, nax erTian sistemas, romel kavSirebs sazogadoeb tul dargebs. Sefasebis
atebs. SearCevs krit ze dayrdnobiTac riv da geografiuli kriteriumebs adgens
eriumebs, geografiuli SeimuSavebs Zeglebis procesebsa da Zeglebis mkvidri warmodgenebis
kvlevis Sedegebs sxva SesarCev kriteriumebs. SesarCevad SemuSavebul saSualebiT.
dasxva formiT gamosa kriteriumebs Soris.
xavs.
multistruqturuli moswavle ikvlevs moswavle asaxelebs da moswavles aqvs sazoga moswavlem icis, moswavles icis mdgradi
done mocemul resursebs, aRwers geografiul doebriv-geografiuli CamoTvlis da aRwers ganviTarebis mniSvnelo
moswavles aqvs mxolod axdens monacemebis sferoebs, Tumca ver procesebis Sesaxeb meurneobis struqturas, ba da esmis saWiroeba,
ramdenime, erTmaneTTan klasificirebas, maT amyarebs kavSirs da informacia, magram SeuZlia kriteriumebis magram ver xvdeba, ra
daukavSirebeli, usiste interpretacias. uWirs ver xsnis maT gavlenas ver akavSirebs materi SerCeva, klasificireba rols iTamaSebs Zeglebis
mo asociacia/warmodgena monacemebis warmodge materialuri da ara aluri da aramateri da aRwera, Tumca mate Setana UNESCO-s msof
gansaxilvel sakiTxTan na grafikulad, ver materialuri memkvid aluri memkvidreobis rialuri da aramateri lio memkvidreobis siaSi.
dakavSirebiT. gadmoscems kvlevas reobis Zeglebze. ver ZeglebTan. SeuZlia kri aluri memkvidreobis ver gadmoscems mwyob
Tanamimdevrulad. akavSirebs noosferos teriumebis CamoTvla, Zeglebs ver akavSirebs rad, Tanamimdevrulad.
materialur da arama magram ver akavSirebs qveynis ganviTarebis
terialur ZeglebTan maTi Camoyalibebis perspeqtivasTan. ver
da ver gadmoscems procesebTan da gadmoscems mwyobrad da
Tanmimdevrulad. ver gadmoscems Tanamimdevrulad.
SeuZlia calkeuli kri Tanamimdevrulad.
teriumebis CamoTvla.
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182
unistruqturuli done moswavlem icis UNESCO-s moswavlem icis, rom moswavlem icis, rom moswavlem icis UNESCO-s moswavlem icis mdgradi
moswavles aqvs mxolod msoflio memkvidreobis msoflio memkvidreobis msoflio memkvidreobis msoflio memkvidreobis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb,
erTi arastruqturi siis Sesaxeb; icis, rom siaSi xvdebian mxolod siaSi xvdebian mxolod siis Sesaxeb; icis, rom magram ver akavSirebs
rebuli asociacia/ msoflio memkvidreobis is Zeglebi, romlebsac is Zeglebi, romlebsac msoflio memkvidreobis materialur da arama
warmodgena gansaxilvel siaSi xvdebian mxolod is universaluri mniS universaluri mniSvne siaSi xvdebian mxolod terialuri kulturis
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. Zeglebi, romlebsac uni vneloba aqvT, magram ar loba aqvT, magram ver is Zeglebi, romlebsac ZeglebTan.
versaluri mniSvneloba icis ra gavlenas axdens gansazRvravs mosaxle universaluri mniSvne
aqvT, magram ar icis, ra geografiuli garemo. obis saqmianobis rols loba aqvT, magram ver
kriteriumebiT arCeven SeuZlia bunebrivi kom kulturuli Zeglebis akavSirebs qveynis meur
Zeglebs. ponentebis da kriteri SenarCunebaSi. SeuZlia neobis ganviTarebasTan.
umebis CamoTvla. kulturuli an bunebis SeuZlia meurneobis
Zeglebis CamoTvla. dargebis CamoTvla.
prestruqturuli done moswavlem ver gaigo moswavlem ver gaigo, moswavlem ver gaigo geo moswavlem ver gaigo moswavlem ver gaigo
moswavles sakiTxTan rogor gamoiyenos geo ra kavSirSia Zeglis grafiuli procesebis urTierTmimarTeba materialuri da arama
dakavSirebiT ar aqvs grafiuli rukebi da sxva Sefasebis kriteriumi gavlena materialuri bunebisa da materialuri terialuri kulturuli
relevanturi informa TvalsaCinoebebi kvle geografiuli garsis da aramaterialuri mem da aramaterialuri kul memkvidreobis Zeglebis
cia. visTvis. komponentebTan. kvidreobis Zeglebis turuli memkvidreobis mdgradi ganviTareba.
CamoyalibebasTan. Zeglebsa da qveynis gan
viTarebas Soris.
Tema: dasavleTi saqarTvelo
sakiTxi: afxazeTi
kompleqsuri davalebis piroba: warmoidgine, rom Seni ojaxi afxazeTidan devnilia. zafxulobiT ufleba gaqvs garkveuli periodiT Caxvide da moinaxulo bebia,
romelic afxazeTSi cxovrobs. yovel zafxuls sixaruliT elodebi mSobliur mxaresTan Sexvedras. Sens megobrebs arasodes unaxavT afxazeTi, amitom Zalian
ainteresebT da bevr kiTxvas gisvamen.
Seni mizania megobrebs gaacno mSobliuri mxare da Seayvaro. amisaTvis Seagrove saWiro resursi da moamzade ilustrirebuli bukleti.
ilustrirebul bukletSi xazgasmiT warmoaCine:
• geografiuli garsis TiToeuli geosferos da maT Soris arsebuli mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebis mniSvneloba afxazeTis mravalferovani landSaftebis
Camoyalibebis procesSi;
• afxazeTis konfliqtis gavlena sazogadoebriv-geografiul procesebze da misi Sedegebi;
• afxazeTis bunebrivi pirobebis roli mosaxleobis yofa-cxovrebasa da meurneobis dargobriv struqturaSi;
• adamianis saqmianobis gavlena afxazeTis bunebriv pirobebze.
samizne cneba geografiuli kvleva geografiuli garsi geografiuli mosaxleoba da mdgradi ganviTareba
da analizi movlena, meurneoba
geografiuli
kriteriumi procesi
gafarToebuli moswavle kompleqsuri davalebis – afxazeTis magaliTze dayrdnobiT akavSirebs da msjelobs sagnis farglebSi gamokveTil ramdeni
abstraqtuli done me/yvela samizne cnebaze.
moswavles siRrmiseu moswavles srulyofilad aqvs warmodgenili davaleba – ilustrirebuli bukleti. siRrmiseulad aqvs gaazrebuli cnebebTan
lad aqvs gaazrebuli dakavSirebuli mkvidri warmodgenebi: xsnis geografiuli garsis TiToeuli sferos mniSvnelobas afxazeTis mravalferovani land
sakiTxis arsi/arsobrivi Saftebis Camoyalibebis procesSi; sazogadoebriv-geografiul movlenebSi mimdinare procesebs Soris urTierTkavSirs amyarebs da
maxasiaTeblebi, rac mas msjelobs afxazeTis konfliqtze, mis Sedegebze; aanalizebs da afasebs bunebrivi pirobebis gavlenas mosaxleobis yofa-cxovrebasa
am codnis ganzogadebisa da meurneobis dargobriv struqturaze; devnil mosaxleobasTan intervius safuZvelze warmoaCens afxazeTis konfliqtis gavlenas
da misi dekonteqstu sazogadoebriv-geografiul procesebze da mis Sedegebze; aanalizebs afxazeTis ekologiur problemebsa dasaxavs gadaWris gzebs.
alizebis/sxva msgavs msjelobs afxazeTis rolze saqarTvelos ganviTarebis procesSi da teritoriul mTlianobaSi. paralelebs avlebs msoflioSi arse
magaliTebTan Sedarebis bul msgavs misTvis cnobil movlenebTan sxva qveynebSi; ayalibebs sakuTar mosazrebebs. apelirebs Semdegi frazebiT: Cemi azriT...., me
saSualebas aZlevs. vfiqrob, rom... me maqvs mosazreba...
ukavSirebs gansaxilvel
sakiTxs sakuTar pirad
gamocdilebas.
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184
mimarTebiTi done moswavle mwyobrad moswavle mwyobrad da moswavle mwyobrad da moswavle mwyobrad da moswavle mwyobrad
moswavles esmis da Tanamimdevrulad Tanamimdevrulad Tanmimdevrulad gad Tanmimdevrulad gansaz da Tanamimdevrulad
gansaxilveli sakiTxis gadmoscems mis mier gadmoscems geografi moscems afxazeTis kon Rvravs afxazeTis buneb gadmoscems afxazeTis
arsi; xedavs urTierT Catarebuli kvlevis uli sferoebis urTi fliqtis gavlenas rivi pirobebis rolze garemosdacviT sakiT
mimarTebebs sakiTxTan Sedegebs afxazeTis kon erTkavSirs urTierT sazogadoebriv-geogra mosaxleobis yofa- xebs. gamokveTs mdgradi
dakavSirebul arsebiT fliqtis Sesaxeb. iyenebs qmedebas da maT gavlenas fiul procesebze da mis cxovrebasa da meurneo ganviTarebis sam mTavar
struqturul erTeulebs kvlevis Sedegad Seqmnil afxazeTis mravalfe Sedegebze; gamoyofilia bis dargobriv struq komponents Soris urTi
Soris. sakuTar rukebs, dia rovani landSaftis procesebi da movlenebi turaSi; warmoaCens erTkavSirs: socialuri,
gramebs, fotoebs da sxva Camoyalibebaze. ganixi da maT Soris arsebuli devnilTa probleme ekonomikuri da garemos
TvalsaCinoebebs. lavs rogorc mTlian urTierTmimarTeba. bsa dagadaWris gzebs, dacviTi.
erTian sistemas. msjelobs meurneobis
dargobriv struqturaze
da gansazRvravs konkre
tul dargebs.
multistruqturuli moswavle ikvlevs moswavle CamoTvlis da moswavle aRwers afxaze moswavlem icis afxaze moswavlem icis
done mocemul resursebs, aRwers afxazeTis mrav Tis konfliqtis Sedegad Tis meurneobis dargob afxazeTis daculi
moswavles aqvs mxolod axdens monacemebis alferovan landSaftebs, devnili mosaxleobis rivi struqtura, teritoriebis Sesaxeb,
ramdenime, erTmaneTTan klasificirebas, maT geografiul sferoebs, yofas, adgens maTi CamoTvlis da ajgufebs CamoTvlis da aRwers,
daukavSirebeli, usiste interpretacias. uWirs Tumca ver amyarebs kav gansaxlebis arealebs, materialur da aramate magram ver amyarebs kav
mo asociacia/warmodgena monacemebis warmodge Sirs da ver xsnis maT gav CamoTvlis maT proble rialur dargebad, icis Sirebs da
gansaxilvel sakiTxTan na grafikulad, ver lenas afxazeTis bunebis mebs, Tumca ver amyarebs da gadmoscems mosax ver gadmoscems mwyob
dakavSirebiT. gadmoscems kvlevas mravalferovnebasTan. urTierTkavSirs. leobis cxovrebis donis rad, Tanamimdevrulad.
Tanmimdevrulad. ver akavSirebs noosfe ver gadmoscems mwyobrad Sesaxeb warsulSi da
davalebis formac dasax ros gavlenas afxazeTi da Tanamimdevrulad. amJamad, Tumca ver akav
vewia. geografiul garemos Sirebs erTmaneTTan da
Tan da ver gadmoscems ver gadmoscems mwyobrad
Tanmimdevrulad. da Tanmimdevrulad.
unistruqturuli done moswavlis msjeloba moswavlem icis, rom afx moswavlem icis afx moswavlem icis afxazeT moswavlem icis mdgradi
moswavles aqvs mxolod Semoifargleba mxolod azeTis buneba mraval azeTis konfliqtisa Si ganviTarebuli meur ganviTarebis Sesaxeb,
erTi arastruqturi afxazeTis mdebareobis ferovnebiT gamoirCeva, da devnilebis Sesaxeb. neobis dargebis Sesaxeb icis konfliqtis
rebuli asociacia/ gansazRvriT, SeuZlia CamoTvlis qedebsa sakuTari sityvebiT me-20 saukuneSi, mosax Sedegad ganadgure
warmodgena gansaxilvel rukis wakiTxva da da mwvervalebs, icis gadmoscems konfliqtis leobis cxovrebis donis buli materialuri da
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. reliefis formebis afxazeTSi gavrcel Sedegebis Sesaxeb, magram maCvenebeli, magram ape aramaterialuri zara
CamoTvla. ebuli havis tipi. Semoifargleba mxolod lirebs martivi sityve lis Sesaxeb. magram
saidan da rogor unda Semoifargleba sakvanZo martivi sakvanZo sityve biT. Semoifargleba sakvanZo
moipovos informacia ar sityvebiT da imeorebs biT. sityvebiT.
icis. davalebis pirobas.
pre-struqturuli done moswavlem ver gaigo moswavlem ver Seasrula moswavlem ver Seasrula moswavlem ver gaigo moswavlem ver gaiazra
moswavles sakiTxTan rogor gamoiyenos geog davaleba, ver gaiazra davaleba afxazeTis kon urTierTmimarTeba afxazeTis mdgradi gan
dakavSirebiT ar aqvs rafiuli rukebi da sxva afxazeTTan dakavSire fliqtTan. bunebisa da afxazeTis viTareba.
relevanturi informa TvalsaCinoebebi kvle buli piroba. konfliqtsa da qveynis
cia. visTvis afxazeTis kon ganviTarebas Soris.
fliqtis warmosaCenad.
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186
Tema: aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo
sakiTxi: kavkasiis konvencia
kompleqsuri davalebis piroba: msoflioSi cnobili ciurixis (Sveicaria) kartografiuli institutis monacemebiT) dedamiwis reliefis Semdegi suraTi gvaqvs:
xmeleTis TiTqmis 50% zRvis donidan 500 metrze maRlaa, maT Soris 27% – 1000 metrze, 1% – 2000 metrzea, 5% – 3000-ze da 2% – 4000 metrze mdebareobs.
es monacemebi adasturebs, rom dedamiwaze mTis teritoriebs xvedriTi woniT mniSvnelovani adgili ukaviaT.
savaraudod, momavalSi maTi roli kidev ufro gaizrdeba da isini kacobriobis ganviTarebis erT-erTi ganmsazRvreli piroba-faqtoris funqcias SeiZenen.
am etapze ar arsebobs mTiani regionebis mdgradi ganviTarebis universaluri, erTiani Targi da yvela qveyana Tavisi problematikidan gamomdinare sakuTar
politikas SeimuSavebs. arsebobs mTiani regionebis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso gamocdileba, magaliTad, alpebis dacvis konvencia (alpebis konvencia, 1991),
romlis gamocdilebis gaziarebiTac Seiqmna karpatebis dacvisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis CarCo-konvencia.
warmoidgine, rom maRalmTiani qveynebis konferenciaze miwveuli xar, rogorc saqarTvelos warmomadgeneli da monawileobas iReb mTiani regionebis mdgradi
ganviTarebis erTiani politikis SemuSavebaSi. Seni misiaa mTaSi mcxovrebTa saWiroebebsa da problemebze dayrdnobiT SeimuSao da waradgino kavkasiis mTiani
regionis dacvisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis CarCo-konvencia anu „alpuri konvenciis“ kavkasiuri varianti – „kavkasiis konvencia“.
konvenciaSi xazgasmiT warmoaCine:
• mTis mcxovrebTa (noosferos) zemoqmedebis roli geografiul garemoze;
• geografiuli procesebis gavlena mTis mcxovrebTa cxovrebasa da problemebis CamoyalibebaSi;
• mTis mcxovrebTa da geografiuli garemos urTierTkavSiris mniSvneloba;
• maRalmTiani regionebis problemebis gadaWrisa da ganviTarebis mniSvneloba qveynis mdgradi ganviTarebisaTvis.
geografiuli
kriteriumi procesi
gafarToebuli moswavle kompleqsuri davalebis – kavkasiis konvenciis magaliTze dayrdnobiT akavSirebs da msjelobs sagnis farglebSi
abstraqtuli done gamokveTil ramdenime/yvela samizne cnebaze.
moswavles siRrmiseu moswavles srulyofilad aqvs warmodgenili davaleba – konvencia. siRrmiseulad aqvs gaazrebuli cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri
lad aqvs gaazrebuli warmodgenebi: xsnis mTis mcxovrebTa (noosferos) zemoqmedebis rols geografiul garemoze; aRwers mTis mosaxleobis sacxovrisebs,
sakiTxis arsi/arsobrivi yofa-cxovrebasa da cxovrebis wess; msjelobs noosferom rogor gardaqmna da Secvala geografiuli garsi. aanalizebs geografiuli
maxasiaTeblebi, rac mas procesebis gavlenas mTis mcxovrebTa cxovrebasa da problemebis CamoyalibebaSi; CamoTvlis da ajgufebs mTis mcxovrebTa proble
am codnis ganzogadebisa mebsa daajgufebs prioritetebis mixedviT.
da misi dekonteqstu aanalizebs da afasebs mTis mcxovrebTa da geografiuli garemos urTierTkavSiris mniSvnelobas, mosaxleobis yofa-cxovrebasa da
alizebis/sxva msgavs meurneobis dargobriv struqturas; aanalizebs mTis mcxovrebTa socialur-ekonomikur da ekologiur problemebsa dasaxavs maTi
magaliTebTan Sedarebis gadaWris gzebs. msjelobs mTiani regionis rolze saqarTvelos ganviTarebis procesSi. konvenciaSi mwyobrad da Tanamimdevrulad
saSualebas aZlevs. gadmoscems da msjelobs mTis mcxovrebze, adarebs da afasebs sxva mTiani qveynebis magaliTebs. logikurad asabuTebs msgavseba-gan
ukavSirebs gansaxilvel sxvavebis mizezebs. ayalibebs sakuTar mosazrebebs. apelirebs Semdegi frazebiT: Cemi azriT..., me vfiqrob, rom... me maqvs mosazreba.
gamocdilebas.
mimarTebiTi done moswavle mwyobrad moswavle mwyobrad da moswavle mwyobrad da moswavle mwyobrad moswavle mwyobrad da
moswavles esmis gansa da Tanamimdevrulad Tanamimdevrulad Tanamimdevrulad gad da Tanamimdevrulad Tanamimdevrulad gad
xilveli sakiTxis arsi; gadmoscems mis mier gadmoscems geo moscems geografiuli gadmoscems bunebrivi moscems mTis mcxovrebTa
xedavs urTierTmimarTe Catarebuli kvle grafiuli sferoebis procesebis gavlenas pirobebis gavlenas da problemis gadaWris
bebs sakiTxTan dakav vis Sedegebs mTaSi urTierTkavSirs, urTi mTis mcxovrebTa mniSvnelobas mosaxleo mniSvnelobas qveynis
Sirebul arsebiT struq mcxovrebTa Sesaxeb. erTqmedebas da maT cxovrebasa da proble bis yofa-cxovrebasa da mdgradi ganviTarebisT
turul erTeulebs iyenebs kvlevis Sedegad gavlenas landSaftis mebis CamoyalibebaSi; meurneobis dargobriv vis. gamokveTs mdgradi
Soris. Seqmnil sakuTar rukebs, Camoyalibebaze da gani problemebi gaanali struqturaSi; ganviTarebis sam mTavar
diagramebs, fotoebs da xilavs rogorc mTlian zebulia, gamoyofilia warmoaCens mTis komponents Soris urTi
sxva TvalsaCinoebebs. sistemas. msjelobs mTis procesebi, movlenebi mcxovrebTa problemebsa erTkavSirs: socialuri,
„kavkasiis konvencia“ mcxovrebTa (noosferos) da maT Soris arsebuli da msjelobs gadaWris ekonomikuri da garemos
Camoayaliba punqtebis zemoqmedebis rolze urTierTkavSiri. gzebze; meurneobis dar dacviTi.
mixedviT. geografiul garemoze. gobriv struqturaze da
gansazRvravs konkretul
dargebs.
multistruqturuli moswavle ikvlevs moswavle CamoTvlis moswavle aRwers mTis moswavlem icis mTis moswavles icis mTis
done mocemul resursebs, da aRwers mTian land mosaxleobas, adgens maTi mcxovrebTa saqmianobis mcxovrebTa problemebis
moswavles aqvs mxolod axdens monacemebis Saftebs, geografiul gansaxlebis arealebs, Sesaxeb, icis meurneobis gadaWris mniSvneloba
ramdenime, erTmaneTTan klasificirebas, maT sferoebs, Tumca ver CamoTvlis maT proble dargobrivi struqtura, qveynis mdgradi ganvi
daukavSirebeli, usiste interpretacias. uWirs amyarebs kavSirs da ver mebs, Tumca ver amyarebs CamoTvlis da ajgufebs TarebisTvis, CamoTvlis
mo asociacia/warmodgena monacemebis warmodge xsnis mTis mcxovrebTa urTierTkavSirs garemo materialur da arama da aRwers, magram ver
gansaxilvel sakiTxTan na grafikulad, ver (noosfero) gavlenas sa da mTis mcxovreblebs terialur dargebad, ayalibebs gadaWris
dakavSirebiT. gadmoscems kvlevas geografiul garemoze Soris. icis da gadmoscems gzebs,
Tanmimdevrulad. da ver gadmoscems ver gadmoscems mwyobrad mosaxleobis cxovrebis ver amyarebs kavSirebs da
„kavkasiis konvenciis“ Tanamimdevrulad. da Tanamimdevrulad. donis Sesaxeb warsulSi ver gadmoscems mwyob
punqtebi CamoTvlili da axla, Tumca ver akav rad, Tanamimdevrulad.
aqvs, Tumca davalebis Sirebs erTmaneTTan da
forma dasaxvewia. ver gadmoscems mwyobrad
da Tanamimdevrulad.
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188
unistruqturuli done moswavlis msjeloba moswavlem icis, rom moswavlem icis mTaSi moswavlem icis mTaSi moswavlem icis mdgradi
moswavles aqvs mxolod Semoifargleba mxolod kavkasiis buneba mraval mcxovrebTa Sesaxeb. mcxovrebTa saqmianoba, ganviTarebis da mTaSi
erTi arastruqturi mTaSi mcxovrebTa gan ferovnebiT gamoirCeva, sakuTari sityvebiT daclili soflebis mcxovrebTa proble
rebuli asociacia/ saxlebis arealebis gan CamoTvlis qedebsa gadmoscems mTaSi Sesaxeb, mosaxleobis mebis Sesaxeb, magram
warmodgena gansaxilvel sazRvriT, SeuZlia rukis da mwvervalebs, icis cxovrebis wessa da maTi cxovrebis done, magram Semoifargleba mxolod
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. wakiTxva da reliefis kavkasionze gavrcel problemebs, magram apelirebs martivi sakvanZo sityvebiT.
formebis CamoTvla. icis ebuli havis tipi. Semoifargleba mxolod sityvebiT.
konvenciis mniSvneloba. Semoifargleba sakvanZo martivi sakvanZo sityve
saidan da rogor unda sityvebiT da imeorebs biT.
moipovos informacia ar davalebis pirobas.
icis.
prestruqturuli done moswavlem ver gaigo, moswavlem ver Seasrula moswavlem ver Seasrula moswavlem ver gai moswavlem ver Seasrula
moswavles sakiTxTan rogor gamoiyenos geog davaleba, ver gaiazra kompleqsuri davaleba – go bunebas, mTaSi kompleqsuri davaleba –
dakavSirebiT ar aqvs rafiuli rukebi da kompleqsuri davalebis – cxovreba mTaSi. mcxovrebTa da qveynis cxovreba mTaSi.
relevanturi informa sxva TvalsaCinoebebi cxovreba mTaSi – piroba. ganviTarebas Soris
cia. kvlevisTvis mTaSi urTierTmimarTeba.
mcxovrebTa warmosa
Cenad. ver gaigo konven
ciis Camoyalibebis prin
cipi.
Tema: samxreTi saqarTvelo
sakiTxi: mexorbleoba
kompleqsuri davalebis piroba: saqarTvelo – xorblis samSobloa, sadac rbili xorbali jer kidev rva aTasi wlis win mohyavdaT. xorblis saxeobebisa da forme
bis simdidriT Cvens qveyanas dedamiwaze pirveli adgili uWiravs. qarTul xorbals saqarTveloSi aramaterialuri kulturuli Zeglis statusi mieniWa.
„mesxeT-javaxeTi ZvelTaganve gamoirCeoda velur da kulturul mcenareTa mravalferovnebiT da sakmaod ganviTarebuli miwaTmoqmedebiT. saqarTvelos am
kuTxeSi mosaxle qarTvelebs imdeni xorbali mohyavdaT, rom ucxoeTSic ki gahqondaT. Tamar mefis epoqaSi (XII s) mesxeTi saqarTvelosaTvis namdvili beReli
iyo“. (beriaSvili, 1973).
warmoidgine, rom botanikis institutis endemur mcenareTa departamentSi muSaob. Seni Seswavlis obieqtia saqarTvelos endemuri xorblis jiSebi, maTi
gavrcelebis arealebi, konservacia da aRdgena. am mizniT unda moamzado gegma, romelic saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli xorblis endemuri jiSebis istoriuli
gavrcelebis arealSi dabrunebas da popularizacias Seuwyobs xels.
gegmaSi xazgasmiT warmoaCine:
• bunebrivi pirobebis roli xorblis jiSebis gavrcelebis arealebis CamoyalibebaSi;
• mexorbleobis istoriuli da geografiuli mniSvneloba adgilobrivi mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis amaRlebaSi;
• mexorbleobis ganviTarebis mniSvneloba samcxe-javaxeTis regionis ganviTarebaSi;
• garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebi mexorbleobis ganviTarebis procesSi.
geografiuli
kriteriumi procesi
gafarToebuli moswavle kompleqsuri davalebis – mexorbleobis magaliTze dayrdnobiT akavSirebs da msjelobs sagnis farglebSi gamokveTil ram
abstraqtuli done denime/yvela samizne cnebaze.
moswavles siRrmiseu moswavles srulyofilad aqvs warmodgenili davaleba – gegma. siRrmiseulad aqvs gaazrebuli cnebebTan dakavSirebuli mkvidri
lad aqvs gaazrebuli warmodgenebi: aRwers xorblis jiSebis gavrcelebis arealebs da msjelobs bunebrivi pirobebis mniSvnelobaze maTi gavrcelebis are
sakiTxis arsi/arsobrivi alebis CamoyalibebaSi; aanalizebs mexorbleobis istoriul da geografiul mniSvnelobas adgilobrivi mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis
maxasiaTeblebi, rac mas amaRlebaSi; aanalizebs da afasebs mexorbleobis ganviTarebis mniSvnelobas samcxe-javaxeTis regionis ganviTarebaSi; gamoyofs
am codnis ganzogadebisa arsebul problemebs, moyvanili aqvs gadaWris gzebi, Tu rogor SeiZleba endemuri jiSebis SenarCuneba da popularizacia; CamoTvlis
da misi dekonteqstu da ajgufebs problemebs prioritetebis mixedviT.
alizebis/sxva msgavs aanalizebs mexorbleobis ganviTarebis procesSi warmoqmnil ekologiur problemebsa dasaxavs gadaWris gzebs. msjelobs mexor
magaliTebTan Sedarebis bleobis ganviTarebis rolze saqarTvelos ganviTarebis procesSi. proeqtSi mwyobrad da Tanamimdevrulad gadmoscems da msjelobs
saSualebas aZlevs. mexorbleobis ganviTarebis endemuri jiSebis gavrcelebisa da gadarCenis gzebze, adarebs da afasebs sxva qveynebis gamocdilebas.
ukavSirebs gansaxilvel ayalibebs sakuTar mosazrebebs. apelirebs Semdegi frazebiT: Cemi azriT..., me vfiqrob, rom..., me maqvs mosazreba...
gamocdilebas.
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190
mimarTebiTi done moswavle mwyobrad moswavle mwyobrad da moswavle mwyobrad da moswavle mwyobrad moswavle mwyobrad da
moswavles esmis gansa da Tanamimdevrulad Tanamimdevrulad Tanamimdevrulad gad da Tanamimdevrulad Tanamimdevrulad gad
xilveli sakiTxis arsi; gadmoscems mis mier gadmoscems geografiu moscems geografiuli gadmoscems bunebrivi moscems garemosdacviTi
xedavs urTierTmimarTe Catarebuli kvlevis li sferoebis urTierT procesebis gavlenas mex pirobebis gavlenas da RonisZiebebs mexor
bebs sakiTxTan dakavS Sedegebs mexorbleobis kavSirs, urTierTqme orbleobis ganviTarebis mniSvnelobas mosaxleo bleobis ganviTarebis
irebul arsebiT struq ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. debas da ganixilavs procesis problemebis bis yofa-cxovrebasa da procesSi. gamokveTs
turul erTeulebs iyenebs kvlevis Sedegad rogorc mTlian erTian CamoyalibebaSi; proble meurneobis dargobriv mdgradi ganviTarebis
Soris. Seqmnil sakuTar rukebs, sistemas. msjelobs mebi gaanalizebuli da struqturaSi; sam mTavar komponents
diagramebs, fotoebs da bunebrivi pirobebis gamoyofilia procesebi warmoaCens mexor Soris urTierTkavSirs:
sxva TvalsaCinoebebs. rolze xorblis jiSebis da movlenebi da maT bleobis ganviTarebis socialuri, ekonomikuri
gavrcelebis arealebis Soris arsebuli urTi mniSvnelobas samcxe- da garemosdacviTi.
CamoyalibebaSi. erTkavSiri. javaxeTis regionis
kvlevis Sedegad moyvani ganviTarebaSi da qveynis
li aqvs gadaWris gzebi, ekonomikaSi mis mniS
Tu rogor SeiZleba ende vnelobaze. moyvanili
muri jiSebis SenarCuneba aqvs gadaWris gzebi, Tu
da popularizacia. rogor SeiZleba ende
muri jiSebis SenarCuneba
da popularizacia.
multistruqturuli moswavle ikvlevs moswavle CamoTvlis moswavle aRwers mexor moswavlem icis meur moswavlem icis mexor
done mocemul resursebs, bunebriv pirobebs bleobis istoriul neobis dargobrivi bleobis ganviTarebis
moswavles aqvs mxolod axdens monacemebis da xorblis jiSebis da geografiul mniS struqtura, icis da problemebis gadaWris
ramdenime, erTmaneTTan klasificirebas, maT gavrcelebis arealebs, vnelobas, Tumca ver gadmoscems mosaxleobis mniSvneloba qveynis
daukavSirebeli, usiste interpretacias. uWirs Tumca ver amyarebs amyarebs urTierTkav saqmianobas warsulSi da mdgradi ganviTarebisT
mo asociacia/warmodgena monacemebis warmodge kavSirs da ver xsnis Sirs garemosa da moasax axla, Tumca ver akavSi vis, CamoTvlis da aRw
gansaxilvel sakiTxTan na grafikulad, ver maT Soris urTierT leobis cxovrebis donis rebs qveynis meurneobis ers, magram ver ayalibebs
dakavSirebiT. gadmoscems kvlevas kavSirs da ver amyarebs cvlilebebs Soris. ganviTarebasTan da ver gadaWris gzebs, ver
Tanmimdevrulad. mizez-Sedegobriv kav ver gadmoscems mwyobrad gadmoscems mwyobrad da amyarebs kavSirebs da
„kavkasiis konvenciis“ Sirs, ver gadmoscems da Tanamimdevrulad. Tanamimdevrulad. ver gadmoscems mwyob
punqtebi CamoTvlili Tanamimdevrulad. rad, Tanamimdevrulad.
aqvs, Tumca davalebis
forma dasaxvewia.
unistruqturuli done moswavlis msjeloba moswavlem icis, rom moswavlem icis xorblis moswavlem icis xorblis moswavlem icis mdgradi
moswavles aqvs mxolod Semoifargleba mxolod kavkasiis buneba, mraval jiSebi da misi gavrcel jiSebi da misi gavrcel ganviTarebis Sesaxeb,
erTi arastruqturi mexorbleobis gavrcel ferovnebiT gamoirCeva, ebis arealebi; sakuTari ebis arealebi sakuTari icis mexorbleobis
rebuli asociacia/war ebis arealebis gansaz CamoTvlis qedebsa sityvebiT gadmoscems sityvebiT gadmoscems ganviTarebis pro
modgena gansaxilvel sak RvriT, SeuZlia rukis da mwvervalebs, icis mexorbleobis mniS mexorbleobis mniS cesSi garemosdacviTi
iTxTan dakavSirebiT. kiTxva. kavkasionze gavrcele vnelobas qveynis gan vnelobas qveynis gan RonisZiebebis aucile
saidan da rogor unda buli havis tipi. icis viTarebisTvis, magram viTarebisTvis, magram blobis Sesaxeb, magram
moipovos informacia ar da CamoTvlis xorblis Semoifargleba mxolod apelirebs martivi Semoifargleba sakvanZo
icis. jiSebs. Semoifargleba martivi sakvanZo sityve sityvebiT. sityvebiT.
sakvanZo sityvebiT da biT.
imeorebs davalebis
pirobas.
prestruqturuli done moswavlem ver gaigo moswavlem ver Seasrula moswavlem ver Seasrula moswavlem ver gaigo moswavlem ver Seasrula
moswavles sakiTxTan rogor gamoiyenos geo davaleba, ver gaiazra kompleqsuri davaleba – urTierTmimarTeba kompleqsuri davaleba –
dakavSirebiT ar aqvs grafiuli rukebi da sxva kompleqsuri davalebis mexorbleoba. bunebisa da mexorbleo mexorbleoba.
relevanturi informa TvalsaCinoebebi kvle piroba. bis ganviTarebas Soris.
cia. visTvis mexorbleobis
warmosaCenad.
191
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis mniSvneloba da formebi
ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba TiToeuli moswavlis ganviTarebis dinamikas akontrolebs

da swavlis xarisxis gaumjobesebas uwyobs xels. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba aseve xels
uwyobs moswavleTa motivirebas, awvdis moswavleebs informacias, Tu rogor SeiZleba
swavlis Sedegis gaumjobeseba, exmareba maT adekvaturi TviTSefasebis, sxvaTa Sefasebis
unaris formirebasa da warmatebis miRwevaSi.
ganmaviTarebel da Semajamebel Sefasebebs Soris Zireuli gansxvaveba Sefasebis
proceduris Catarebis droa. magaliTad, Semajamebeli testireba tardeba saswavlo
kursis bolos, xolo ganmaviTarebeli testireba – kursis dasawyisSi da misi mimdina
reobisas. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis instrumentebi isea Seqmnili, rom ufro mWidrod
ukavSirdebian swavlis processa da saswavlo masalas, amitom maT ufro xSirad da dinami
kurad iyeneben. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis procedura iseT dros unda ganxorcieldes,
rodesac maswavlebels mis safuZvelze swavlebis procesSi Sesabamisi cvlilebis Setana
SeeZleba; moswavles ki unda SeeZlos, swavlis procesSi Sesabamisi cvlileba Seitanos,
an Sefasebidan miRebulma ukukavSirma mas motivacia gauZlieros.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis mizania, daexmaros moswavles unarebis daxvewaSi, sxvadasxva
rCevis, rekomendaciis Tu problemis gadaWris gzebis SemuSavebis gziT. am tipis SeniSvnebis
dros moswavle maswavleblis komentarebis daxmarebiT mudmivad iRebs iseT informacias,
romelic mas exmareba iswavlos ukeT, gaacnobieros sakuTari swavlis mimdinareoba. mas
wavlebeli ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis saSualebiT gegmavs saswavlo process da swavlebis
temps ise, rom misi qmedebebi mimarTulia moswavlis ganviTarebisken.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebisas gamoiyeneba iseTi saSualebebi, rogorebicaa: sity
vieri komentari, zepiri/werilobiTi rCeva-darigeba, dakvirvebis furceli, TviTSe
fasebisa da urTierTSefasebis sqema, kiTxvari, unaris ganviTarebis donis aRwera da
sxv. amdenad, ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba konkretuli moswavlis winsvlis safuZvelze
xorcieldeba moswavlis sakuTar miRwevebTan mimarTebiT – Tu ra dones flobda da
Sefasebis momentSi ra dones flobs.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis formaa zepiri an werilobiTi komentarebi, romelic
rogorc semestris ganmavlobaSi, ise mis bolos keTdeba. komentarebi aRwers moswav
lis Zlier da sust mxareebs da Seicavs rekomendaciebs swavlis gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb.
mkvlevarTa azriT, komentarebi swavlebis Zalian efeqtiani meTodia. mkvlevarma jon
heTim (1992) 8000-mde kvleva ganixila da daaskvna: yvelaze Zlieri meTodi, romelic
moswavleTa akademiur moswrebas aumjobesebs, komentarebia. Sesabamisad, ganaTlebis
xarisxis gaumjobesebis yvelaze martivi recepti iqneboda – `rac SeiZleba xSirad gaa
keTeT komentarebi~.
kvlevebis Sedegad rekomendebulia komentarebis gakeTebis Semdegi meTodebi:
1. maswavleblis komentarebi orientirebuli unda iyos moswavlis Sedegebis gaum
jobesebaze. komentari sasargebloa maSin, Tu is zedmiwevniT uxsnis moswavles,
ra gamouvida kargad da ra – ara. mxolod imis miniSneba moswavlisTvis, rom misi
pasuxi arasworia, uaryofiT gavlenas axdens masze. imis miTiTeba ki, rom iqamde
imuSaos davalebaze, sanam gansazRvrul Sedegs ar miaRwevs, misi akademiuri zrdis
erT-erTi faqtoria.
2. maswavleblis komentarebi drouli unda iyos. magaliTad, davalebis, testis das
rulebisTanave komentari yvelaze efeqtianad iTvleba, vidre komentari tes
tis romelime nawilis dasrulebis Semdeg. aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom gviani
komentarebi nakleb gavlenas axdenen moswavleze da mis akademiur moswrebaze.
3. maswavleblis mier gakeTebuli komentarebi konkretul kriteriumebs unda ukav
Sirdebodes. unda ganisazRvros kriteriumi, romelic konkretuli donis cod
192
nisa da unarebis ganviTarebiskenaa mimarTuli. komentarebi unda ukavSirdebodes
swored am gansazRvrul kriteriumebs. aseTi komentari gacilebiT mniSvnelovania.
igi emsaxureba moswavlis sxvadasxva mniSvnelovani unaris ganviTarebas.
4. efeqtiani komentarebis gakeTeba moswavleebsac SeuZliaT. kvlevebi aCvenebs,
rom moswavleebsac SeuZliaT sakuTari progresis efeqtiani monitoringi (Tra
meli, Slosi da alferi, 1994) moswavleebi swavlis procesSi iniSnaven sakuTar
warmatebebs, mimarTaven TviTSefasebas. es exmareba maT, daeuflon konkretul
unarebs, aseve miaRwion maRal akademiur Sedegebs.
maswavleblis mier gakeTebuli drouli, Sedegebis gaumjobesebasa da konkretuli
unarebis dauflebisken mimarTuli komentarebi saswavlo process gaxdis ufro sain
teresos da Sedegze orientirebuls. komentarebis arasaTanado sixSiriT gamoyeneba
swavlebis efeqtianobasa da moqnilobaze uaryofiTad aisaxeba.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis strategiebi mocemulia me-7 klasis maswavleblis wignSi,
Tumca aqac gTavazobT ramdenimes.
werilobiTi ukukavSiri
werilobiTi ukukavSiri aris moswavlisTvis werilobiTi saxiT konkretuli infor

maciis miwodeba misi namuSevrebis Semowmebis Semdeg. werilobiTi komentaris gamoye
neba SegviZlia saSinao davalebis, damoukidebeli saklaso samuSaos Tu portfolios
SefasebisTvis.
ukukavSirisas maswavlebeli Sefasebis kriteriumebze dayrdnobiT jer aRniSnavs
namuSevris Zlier mxares. Tu Secdomebi ar aris, is awvdis rekomendaciebs. am dros mas
wavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos Sexseneba da Tanmimdevruli daxmareba. Tanmimdevruli
daxmareba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes SekiTxvebis dasmis, aRwerisa da magaliTis/nimuSis
SeTavazebis formiT. ganvixiloT ramdenime konkretuli magaliTi:
Sexseneba
imisTvis, rom moZebno rukaze geografiuli obieqtebi, saWiroa kidev erTxel Caxedo
rukis kiTxvis instruqciebs saxelmZRvanelos 30-e gverdze.
Tanmimdevruli daxmareba – SekiTxvis dasma
ra unda gaakeTo rukaze miTiTebuli masStabis gamoyenebiT realuri manZilis gamo

saTvlelad?
Tanmimdevruli daxmareba – aRwera
horizontis mxareebis aRniSvnamde kidev erTxel gaixsene, romeli mxare ra asoTi aRin
iSneba.
193
Tanmimdevruli daxmareba – magaliTis SeTavazeba
sworia: mTvare dedamiwis bunebrivi Tanamgzavria da ara xelovnuri Tanamgzavri,

radgan igi bunebrivi sxeulia da ara xelovnuri anu adamianis mier Seqmnili.
werilobiTi komentari moswavles informacias unda aZlevdes Secdomis, misi tipis,

gamosworebis gzebis Sesaxeb (sasurvelia moicavdes saxelmZRvanelos, paragrafis
miTiTebasa da zust instruqtaJs). komentirebis Semdeg mniSvnelovania moswavleebs
davubrunoT namuSevrebi da mivceT dro maT gamosasworeblad. bolos ki gasworebul
namuSevars kidev erTxel gadavxedoT.
zepiri ukukavSiri moswavlis aqtivobaze dakvirvebis Sedegad maswavleblis mier
gamoTqmuli komentaria. zepirad miwodebuli rekomendaciebi SesaZlebelia rogorc
zemoT SemoTavazebuli formiT, aseve Semdegi frazebis gamoyenebiT:
a) yoCaR, rom Seasrule davaleba. SegiZlia miTxra, ratom fiqrob ase?
b) gmadlob, rom moitane davaleba. modi, kidev erTxel Sexede, yvelaferi sworad
gaqvs Sesrulebuli?
g) kargia, rom Seasrule davaleba. me vxedav erT Secdomas, amitom kidev erTxel
gadaxede namuSevars.
maswavlebelma ar unda gamoiyenos imgvari komentarebi, romelic Seuracxyofs
moswavles. magaliTad, suleluri pasuxia, aseTi ram TavSi rogor mogivida? da a.S.
urTierTSefaseba da TviTSefaseba
Sefasebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mizania, rom moswavleebs ganuviTaros sakuTari

codnis Sefasebis unari. amisTvis aucilebelia urTierTSefasebisa da TviTSefasebis
sqemebze/rubrikebze dayrdnobiT Sefasebis unaris ganviTareba.
sakuTari swavlis procesis Sefaseba ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis mniSvnelovani kom
ponentia. imisTvis, rom moswavlem nel-nela ganiviTaros sakuTari Tavis obieqturad
Sefasebis unari, saWiroa Semdegi samuSaoebis Catareba:
a) vaswavloT moswavles sakuTari swavlis motivis gacnobiereba. es SeiZleba moxdes
Semdegi tipis SekiTxvebis dasmiT: ratom unda vicode? ratom unda SemeZlos? raSi
SemeSleba xeli, Tu ar mecodineba?
b) sakuTari saqmianobis dagegmva: ra nabijebi unda gadavdga davalebis Sesasruleb
lad? (dawyebiT klasebSi SeiZleba mivawodoT davaleba da moswavlem TviTon dasvas
plusis aRmniSvneli niSani). ra resursebi damWirdeba amisTvis (ra unda movimzado dava
lebis Sesasruleblad? ra sirTuleebi SeiZleba Semxvdes? rogor unda davZlio? ra/
vin damexmareba amaSi?
g) Sedegis analizi – unda vupasuxoT Semdeg SekiTxvebs: Seesabameba Tu ara samuSao
dasaxul mizans? rogor SemiZlia Sevamowmo Sedegi? ratom davuSvi Secdomebi? SemiZlia
aRvniSno, ratom davuSvi isini?
amisTvis SeiZleba gamoviyenoT kiTxvarebi. gTavazobT kiTxvaris gamoyenebis konkre
tul nimuSs:
masalis axsnis, ganmtkicebisTvis savarjiSoebis Sesrulebis Semdeg klass vyofT
oTx jgufad. maT unda Seavson Semdegi tipis kiTxvari:
• ra viswavleT dRes axali?
• romeli informacia iyo CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT saintereso?
• ra iyo rTuli?
• ra gviSlida xels muSaobaSi?
194
TiToeuli moswavle jgufis SigniT mxolod erT kiTxvas scems pasuxs, amis Semdeg
jgufdebian bavSvebi, romelTac analogiur kiTxvaze mouxdaT pasuxis gacema. pasuxebs
ganazogadeben da waradgenen jgufis winaSe.
daumTavrebeli winadadebebi
TviTSefasebis unaris gansaviTareblad maswavlebels agreTve SeuZlia teqnikis –

`dausrulebeli winadadebebis~ gamoyeneba. maswavlebeli urigebs TiToeul moswavles
furcels, sadac maT unda daasrulon winadadebebi:
Temis Sesaxeb me vici…...
CemTvis sainteresoa…...
me minda gavigo meti…...
maswavlebeli krefs furclebs, arasagakveTilo dros aanalizebs Sedegebs da maTze
dayrdnobiT gegmavs momdevno gakveTils.
Tanaklaselebis Sefaseba exmareba moswavleebs, rom sxvaTa Sefasebis dros Tavadac
gaimyaron codna garkveul sakiTxebSi. urTierTSefasebis dadebiTi mxare gaxlavT is,
rom moswavleebi swavloben sxvis namuSevrebSi Zlieri da susti mxareebis Sefasebas
da amiT aanalizeben sakuTar progressac.
urTierTSefasebisTvis SesaZlebelia Semdegi teqnikebis gamoyeneba: namuSevrebis
gacvla/Sefaseba; urTierTgamokiTxva gegmis mixedviT; komentarebis darTva.
gasasvleli bileTi
es strategia SesaZlebelia gamoviyenoT, rogorc yoveli gakveTilis bolos, aseve

semestris an wlis bolosac. moswavleebs vurigebT gasasvlel bileTebs da vTxovT maT
Sevsebas. magaliTad, wlis an semestris bolos gasasvlel bileTSi maT pasuxi Semdeg
kiTxvebze eqnebaT gasacemi:
a) ra mogwons yvelaze metad geografiis gakveTilze?
b) ra ar mogwons yvelaze metad geografiis gakveTilze?
g) rogoria Seni miRwevebi geografiis konkretul gakveTilze (semestris, wlis
ganmavlobaSi)?
d) rogor fiqrob, ra aris Seni warumateblobis mizezebi (aseTis arsebobis SemTx
vevaSi)?
e) geografiis romeli gakveTili iyo SenTvis yvelaze saintereso da ratom?
v) Seni romeli pirovnuli Tvisebebis ganviTarebas Seuwyo xeli geografiis swavlam?
z) ra winadadebebi, rekomendaciebi an survilebi gaqvs geografiis maswavleblis
Tvis?
T) ra SegZina geografiis gakveTilma?
195
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleebis akade-
miuri da socialuri miRwevebis Sefaseba
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone moswavle SesaZlebelia fasde

bodes danarCeni moswavleebis msgavsad (Tu is mihyveba skolis saswavlo gegmas da
programa misTvis mxolod adaptirebulia) an misi individualuri saswavlo gegmiT
gaTvaliswinebuli akademiuri miRwevebis Sesabamisad. rodesac moswavle individual
uri saswavlo gegmis mixedviT fasdeba, Sefaseba mTlianad moswavlis SesaZleblobebsa
da unarebs efuZneba.
Sefaseba yovelTvis unda aRwerdes: Tu ris unari aqvs moswavles da ra aris misi
Semecnebis procesis Zlieri mxare; sferoebs, sadac moswavles damatebiTi yuradReba
an ganviTareba esaWiroeba; moswavlis swavlis unaris ganviTarebisTvis aucilebel
damxmare saSualebebs.
amgvari werilobiTi komentari moswavlis individualuri saswavlo gegmis miR
wevebsa da ganxorcielebis sirTuleebs unda aRwerdes. werilobiTi komentari unda
miuTiTebdes gzebs, romlebic saSualebas miscems moswavles, ukeT iswavlos da unda
gansazRvravdes am miRwevebisaTvis saWiro drois monakveTs.
rodesac moswavlis saganmanaTleblo programis garkveuli nawilis warmarTvaze
pasuxismgebelia specialuri pedagogi an fsiqologi da ara klasis pedagogi, man moswav
lis warmatebebisa da warumateblobis Sesaxeb werilobiTi angariSi klasis pedagogs
unda warudginos.
mniSvnelovania, rom Sefaseba aRwerdes, Tu raSi vlindeba moswavlis specialuri
saganmanaTleblo saWiroeba: moswavlisTvis aucilebelia skolis saswavlo gegmis
adaptireba (magaliTad, moswavle mihyveba imave saswavlo programas, magram progra
mis calkeuli nawilebi adaptacias saWiroebs).
moswavle sZlevs skolis saswavlo gegmas, magram zogierTi sagani saWiroebs sas
wavlo gegmis da Sedegebis modificirebas (magaliTad, zogierT saganSi mosalodneli
saswavlo Sedegebi regularuli saswavlo programisagan Zireulad gansxvavebulia;
magaliTad, maTematika sruliad individualurad iswavleba da misi mizania moswavlis
cxovrebiseul unar-CvevebSi orientacia).
moswavlisTvis aucilebelia skolis saswavlo gegmis da mosalodneli Sedegebis
mTlianad modificireba (magaliTad, gonebrivi ganviTarebis darRvevis mqone moswav
lisaTvis programis mizania misTvis damoukideblobisa da TviT movlis unarebis gan
viTareba).
bevri gansakuTrebuli saWiroebis mqone moswavlis saswavlo Sedegebi maTi Tanak
laselTa msgavsia, magram maTTvis pedagogi adaptirebuli Sefasebis procedurebs iyenebs
(magaliTad, weriTi gamocda zepiris nacvlad). Sefasebis adaptirebuli procedurebis
gamoyeneba moswavlis individualur saswavlo gegmaSi undAa aisaxos. es moswavleebi
saswavlo kursis/programis saswavlo Sedegebis mixedviT unda Sefasdnen.
zogierTi moswavlis programam SesaZloa mniSvnelovani modifikacia moiTxovos.
aseTi programebis zogierTi an yvela saswavlo Sedegi regularuli saswavlo progra
misgan sagrZnoblad gansxvavebuli iqneba. am SemTxvevebSi Sefaseba efuZneba am Sedegebis
miRwevis xarisxs. Sesabamisad, yvela Sefaseba individualurad SemuSavebuli standar
tebis mixedviT ganxorcieldeba.
mSoblebs SeuZliaT skolis daxmareba swavlis Sedegebis da moswavlis ganviTarebis
progresis SefasebaSi, gansakuTrebiT socialuri miznebis, cxovrebiseuli unar-Cvevebis
da ganviTarebis mxriv.
196
9. damatebiTi literatura da sasargeblo
internetresursebi
sasargeblo vebgverdebi: saintereso vebgverdebi rukebis Sesaxeb:
www.wikipedia.org http://unintentionalmaps.blogspot.com/
www.unece.org http://www.maps-for-free.com/
www.environmenthouse.ch http://www.loc.gov/rr/geogmap/guide/gmilltoc.html
www.atlapedia.com http://www.journalofmaps.com/
www.nationalgeographic.com http://old.enciclopedia.com.pt/articles.php?article_id=1498
geografiuli TamaSebi:
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/earthviewer-online-and-downloadable-version
http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/world/
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/what-is-there-learn-geography/id660164295?mt=8
http://world-geography-games.com/
https://www.commonsensemedia.org/app-reviews/ansel-and-clairs-adventures-in-africa
https://www.commonsensemedia.org/app-reviews/stack-the-countries
https://geoguessr.com/
saerTaSoriso garemosdacviTi da ekologiuri organizaciebi
bunebis konservaciis saerTaSoriso kavSiri (ingl. International Union for Conservation of Nature; IUCN) – https://www.iucn.org/
Carlz darvinis fondi (ing.Charles Darwin Foundation) – https://www.darwinfoundation.org/en/
globaluri bude (ing. Global Nest) – https://www.gnest.org/
cxovelTa dacvis msoflio sazogadoeba (ing. World Society for the Protection of Animals – WSPA)- https://www.worldani-
malprotection.org/
ekologiuri markirebis saerTaSoriso qseli (ing. Global Ekolabelling Network – GEN) – https://globalecolabelling.net/
globaluri ekologiuri fondi (ing. Global Environment Facility, GEF) – https://www.thegef.org/
saerTaSoriso mwvane jvari – https://www.gcint.org/
msoflio dakvirvebis instituti – http://www.worldwatch.org/
garemos evropuli saagentos (ing. European Environment Agency – ЕЕА) – https://www.eea.europa.eu/
klubi „siera“ (ing. Sierra Club) – www.sierraclub.org
kalkulatorebi
ekologiuri nakvalevis kalkulatori – https://footprintcalculator.henkel.com/en

msoflios mosaxleobis kalkulatori – https://countrymeters.info/en
197
saintereso vebgverdebi, romlebic Tqven da Tqvens moswavleebs dagexmarebaT infografikebis
SedgenaSi:
http://infosthetics.com/ – dizainisa da informaciis Sesabamisoba

http://www.dailyinfographic.com/ – axali infografika yoveldRe
http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/ – ideebi, problemebi, codna, monacemebi – yvelafris vizualizacia
http://infographr.tumblr.com/ – yvelaferi infografikebis Sesaxeb
https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/infographic-elements-pack – infografikebi da maTi elementebi
http://www.videoinfographics.com/ – videoinfografika
http://visualjournalism.com/ – siaxleebi infografikis Sesaxeb
http://www.amazinginfographics.com/ – resursebi infografikebze
http://www.best-infographics.com – saintereso infografikebis magaliTebi
http://infographiclist.com – maTTvis, visac uyvars infografika
sasargeblo bmulebi
gaeros ganviTarebis programa – http://www.undp.org/

gaeros ganviTarebis programa saqarTveloSi – http://www.ge.undp.org/content/georgia/ka/home.html
ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis organizacia, iunesko – https://en.unesco.org/
gaeros qalTa organizacia – https://georgia.unwomen.org/ka
gaeros bavSvTa fondi, UNICEF – https://www.unicef.org/
gaeros garemosdacviTi programa, UNEP – https://www.unenvironment.org/
gaeros mosaxleobis fondi – www.unfpa.org
msoflio banki – http://www.worldbank.org/
jandacvis msoflio organizacia – www.who.int
saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi – https://www.imf.org/
soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso organizacia – https://www.ifad.org/
msoflios meteorologiuri organizacia – https://public.wmo.int/
msoflio savaWro organizacia – https://www.wto.org/
msoflio turistuli organizacia – https://www.unwto.org/
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7. muranovi al. `planetis cisferi Tvalebi~. `nakaduli~. Tb., 1989.
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sxv. Tb., 2000.
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მაია ბლიაძე დავით კერესელიძე

grifminiWebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da

2. sabazo safexuris standarti.................................................................................................8

3. saxelmZRvanelos Sesatyvisoba erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan ���������������������������������14

4. meToduri rekomendaciebi maswavlebelTaTvis............................................................19

5. specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlis

sagakveTilo procesSi CarTva................................................................................................42

7. moswavlis wignSi mocemuli davalebebis pasuxebi......................................................134

9. damatebiTi literatura da sasargeblo internetresursebi �������������������������������197

IX klasis saqarTvelos geografiis saxelm­ (fotosuraTebi, aerofotosuraTebi) da sxv.

IX klasis `geografiis~ moswavlis wigni 4 Temisa da 36 sakiTxisgan Sedgeba.

14. შავი ზღვა

vebgverd https://mapmaker.nationalgeographic.org­is gamoyenebiT Seadgine

• Seiswavle baTumis portis istoria; sazRvari e g r is i s ed

• gaecani baTumis portis tvirTbrunvisa da mgzavrTbrunvis mdinare oq

saxelmwifo sazRvari r ioni

avt. respublikis foTi r

1. gaixsene – kiTxvebi naswavli masalidan

3. davalebebi – romelTa umetesoba srul­ 4. es sainteresoa – am nawilSi moswavleebi

პრაქტიკული სამუშაო გეოგრაფიული კვლევა

6. geografiuli kvleva – samagido geografi­

კომპლექსური დავალება 8. kompleqsuri davaleba aris SemoqmedebiTi

9. Semajamebeli kompleqsuri davaleba efuZneba standartiT mocemul yvela samiznes cnebas da

10. danarTebi – rukebi

sabazo safexuris geografiis standarti Sedgeba Semdegi nawilebisagan:

a) sagnis swavla-swavlebis miznebi;

sabazo safexurze sagani „geografia“ kontinentebisa da saqarTvelos geografiis

a) sagnis swavla-swavlebis miznebi

geografiis swavla-swavleba miznad isaxavs, moswavles:

b) standartis Sedegebi da Sinaarsi

standartis Sedegebi sagnis cnebebze dafuZnebiT gansazRvravs miznobriv orien­

standartis Sinaarsi gansazRvravs, ra unda icodes moswavlem. Sinaarsi aRiwereba

cnebebis saxiT gansazRvrulia is codna, romelsac moswavle sagnis farglebSi

standartis Sedegebis indeqsebis ganmarteba

sabazo safexurze standartSi gaweril TiToeul Sedegs win uZRvis indeqsi,

erovnuli saswavlo gegma savaldebulo saxiT ar gansazRvravs sakiTxebs. peda­

saswavlo Tema: dasavleT saqarTvelo (afxazeTi, aWara, imereTi, raWa-leCxumi-

saswavlo Tema: samxreT saqarTvelo (samcxe-javaxeTi)

7. stiqiuri bunebrivi movlenebi

pirobiTi aRniSvnebis gamoyenebiT sxvadasxva Sinaarsis

rukis wakiTxva da analizi;

gansazRvra adgilsa da rukaze;

ki, diagrama, aero da kosmosuri suraTebi, multimedia

saSualebebi) informaciis amokiTxva da gaanalizeba;

mebis saxiT warmodgena.

biosfero, noosfero, dedamiwis Sinagani agebuleba)

Tanamedrove saxis Camoyalibebis procesTan;

gaanalizeba mosaxleobis sameurneo saqmianobasa da

calkeuli geografiuli erTeulebis (kontinenti,

garemosadmi mzrunveli damokidebulebis gamovlena

amocnoba; warmoqmnis mizezebis gaanalizeba; maTi

RonisZiebebis mniSvnelobis gaazreba; usafrTxo qcevis

11. iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piri (devnili)

12. adamianuri (humanuri) ganviTarebis indeqsi sa­

II Tema: dasavleTi saqarTvelo

14. Savi zRva

15. kolxeTis dablobi

17. sfagnumiani Waobebi (ramsaris konvencia)

18. sufsis navTobterminali

III Tema: aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo

21. aRmosavleTi kavkasioni

22. eldaris dablobi

23. kazreTis sabadoebi

3. saxelmZRvanelos Sesatyvisoba erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan ��14

9. damatebiTi literatura da sasargeblo internetresursebi ��197

IX klasis saqarTvelos geografiis saxelm (fotosuraTebi, aerofotosuraTebi) da sxv.

vebgverd https://mapmaker.nationalgeographic.orgis gamoyenebiT Seadgine

3. davalebebi – romelTa umetesoba srul 4. es sainteresoa – am nawilSi moswavleebi

6. geografiuli kvleva – samagido geografi

standartis Sedegebi sagnis cnebebze dafuZnebiT gansazRvravs miznobriv orien

erovnuli saswavlo gegma savaldebulo saxiT ar gansazRvravs sakiTxebs. peda

12. adamianuri (humanuri) ganviTarebis indeqsi sa

SemTxvevis ganxilva farTod gamoiyeneba ganaTlebis sferoSi. misi mizania, konkre

prezentacia auditoriis winaSe raime sakiTxis sajaro wardgenis procesia. sagno

MapMaker Interacive onlainrukebis instrumentia, romelic maswavleblebsa da moswav

National Geographic MapMaker Interactive saSualebas gaZlevT, Tqvens geografiul „moTxro

es strategia moswavleebs saSualebas miscems, gamoimuSaon vizualuri wyaros anali

2. rukis fizikuri maxasia

b) gamoiyeneT qvemoT mocemuli cxrili da CamowereT adamianebis, sagnebis, garemos da moqme

5 plakatSi/posterSi gadmocemuli informacia aris umTavresad vizualuri, verba

2. CamowereT obieqtebi an adamianebi, rom

5. Tqveni azriT, ras aRniSnavs TiToeuli sim

7. romeli sityvebi an frazebi geCvenebaT yve

11. romeli socialuri jgufebisTvis iqne