mogzauroba

Tur heierdali
mousvenrobis kaci arCil qiqoZe
am adamianis saxeli icis yvelam, visac mogzauroba da Tavgadasavali itacebs. Tur
heierdalis wignebi msoflios mraval enazea naTargmni, maT Soris, qarTulad. kaci, romelic
namdvili meocnebe iyo, adamiani romelmac teqnologiur XX saukuneSi moaxerxa da yvelaze
araordinaluri cxovrebiT icxovra. misi mecnieruli mignebebis umetesoba dRes ugulebelyo-
filia, marTalia, maT Tavis drozec eWvis TvaliT uyurebdnen, magram yvelaze did skeptikoseb-
sac ki misi udidesi pativiscema hqondaT, radgan heierdali riskis da Tavgadasavlis kaci iyo,
adamiani, romelmac Tavad gamoWeda sakuTari bedi, romelsac axalgazrdobaSi wylis panikuri
SiSi hqonda da imdeni qna, rom martivi xis tiviT uzarmazari okeane gadacura. Tur heierdali
iyo kaci, romelmac sakuTar patara qveyanas kidev ufro gauTqva saxeli, rogorc mogzaurTa
samSoblos. dabolos, Tanamemamuleebma Tur heierdali XX saukunis yvelaze gamoCenil norve-
gielad aRiares!

momavali mogzauri 1914 wels daibada norvegiis samxreTiT, zRvis piras mdebare arafriT
gamorCeul daba lavrikSi, ludis mwarmoeblis ojaxSi. bavSvobidan itacebda zoologia da
saxlSi patara zooparkic hqonda, romlis yvelaze gamorCeuli binadari Sxamiani gvelgesla
iyo.

22
 Tur heierdali

daba lavriki

bior krepelini (1890-1966) – komersanti bergenidan, romelic gatacebuli iyo polineziiT. cnobilia
polineziuri kulturis Sesaxeb Tavisi unikaluri biblioTekiT.

momavalma mogzaurma oslos universi- dasaxlebuli da am Teoriis damtkicebac ga-

tetis sabunebismetyvelo fakultetze Caa- dawyvita, risTvisac karga didi dro das-
bara da swored iq Sexvda gamoCenil norve- Wirda, radgan win msoflio istoriis yvela-
giel mecniers bior krepelins, romelsac ze sisxlismRvreli omi iyo.
taitisa da wynari okeanis sxva kunZulebze
mravali weli hqonda gatarebuli. masTan sa- meore msoflio omma Tur heierdals ka-
biormouswro,
nadaSi krepelini sadac adgilobrivi indie-
ubrebi da misi mdidari biblioTekis gacno-
ba heierdalis cxovrebaSi gadamwyveti aR- lebis yofas swavlobda. 1940 wlis aprilSi
moCnda. universitetis damTavrebis Semdeg germaniam norvegiis okupacia moaxdina da
axladmoyvanil colTan erTad heierdali samSoblodan Sors myof patriot axalgazr-
taitize gaemgzavra, iqidan ki – kunZul fa- das erTi suli hqonda, rodis Caebmeboda
tu-hivaze, sadac arc erTi TeTrkaniani ada- brZolaSi, Tumca amisTvis didxans mouwia
miani ar cxovrobda. heierdalis mizani iyo lodini, inglisSi samxedro kursebi gaiara
civilizaciisgan Sors ecxovra, pirvelyo- da norvegiaSi diversiuli jgufis Semadgen-
fil samoTxeSi, Tavad moepovebina sarCo-sa- lobiT gadavida. manamde gemi, romliTac
badebeli da daufleboda pirvelyofil pi- norvegiisken miemarTeboda, germanulma
robebSi gadarCenis xelovnebas. faqtobri- wyalqveSa navma kinaRam CaZira.
vad, is da misi meuRle pirveli hipebi iyvnen,
magram maTi hipuri cxovreba sul ar iyo ad-
vili da uxifaTo. kunZulze jer kidev arse-
bobda kanibalizmi, garda amisa, maT win mra-
vali saxifaTo Tavgadasavali da manamde
maTTvis ucxo daavadebebi elodaT. erT-er-
Tma avadobam kinaRam misi meuRlis, livis,
sicocxle Seiwira, xolo bolos, roca adgi-
lobrivebTanac gaufuWdaT urTierToba,
wyvils saswrafod mouwia kunZulis datove-
ba. Tumca manamde, fatu-hivaze gatarebuli
erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, heierdali marTla
iqca tropikebSi gadarCenis specialistad,
bevri ram Seityo adgilobrivTa wes-Cveule-
bebze, xolo tomis beladisgan moismina le-
genda uxsovar droSi didi kunZulidan nave-
biT mosuli adamianebis Sesaxeb. heierdalma
maSinve CaTvala, rom didi kunZuli samxreT
amerikis kontinenti unda yofiliyo. swo-
red maSin gauCnda Teoria imis Sesaxeb, rom
wynari okeanis kunZulebi SeiZleba samxreT Tur heierdali meuRlesTan erTad
amerikidan navebiT mosuli adamianebiT iyo kunZul fatu-hivaze

23
 mogzauroba

rodesac evropasa da msoflioSi mSvi-

dobam daisadgura, heierdalma Tavis cxov-
rebis proeqtisTvis moicala. 1947 wels,
xuT TanamemamulesTan erTad, mogzauri pe-
ruSi Cavida sruliad fantastikuri ganz-
raxviT – xisagan agebuli martivi tiviT
wynari okeane gadaecura da samxreT ameri-
kis napirebidan polineziis kunZulebamde
Casuliyo. polinezielTa miTologiaze da-
yrdnobiT, heierdali varaudobda, rom es
kunZulebi samxreT amerikidan zRviT misu-
li inkebis STamomavlebiT iyo dasaxlebu-
li. dRes, rodesac genetikuri analizis sa-
SualebiT mecnierebs SeuZliaT msoflioSi
adamianis gansaxlebis sakmaod mkafio sura-
Ti Seqmnan, norvegielis Teoria uaryofi-
lia. am Teorias mecnieruli wreebi arc ma-
Sin eTanxmebodnen, xolo tiviT okeanis ga-
dacurva mezRvaurebs gaugonar sigiJed mi- Tur heierdali kanadaSi
aCndaT.
msubuqi merqnisgan damzadebuli tivebisa,
perus mTavari portidan – kaliaodan –
romlebiTac indielebi karga Rrmad Sedi-
norvegiul eqspedicias ise acilebdnen, ro-
odnen okeaneSi. imave wignebSi ipova am tive-
gorc ueWvel sikvdilze mimaval gunds, mag-
bis suraTebi. oRond problema is iyo, rom
ram heierdalma da misma Tanamoazreebma ic-
Zvirfasi xeebi didi xnis win gaeCexaT okea-
odnen, ras akeTebdnen.
nis sanapiroze da maT mosapoveblad norve-
rodesac XV saukunis bolodan espane- gielebs kontinentis SigniT mouwiaT SeRwe-
lebma samxreT amerikis nawili daipyres da va. ekvadorSi moWres cxra xe da maTi Zvirfa-
sisxlis zRva daatriales, maT sakmaod kar- si merqani peruSi Caitanes.
gad aRweres adgilobrivTa wes-Cveulebebi.
radgan mogzaurebis mizani iyo, yvela-
swored espanel konkistadorTa wignebSi
ferSi Zveli inkebis msgavsad moqceuliyv-
aRmoaCina heierdalma xseneba balsis xis
nen, tivis agebis dros ar gamouyenebiaT rki-
nis arc erTi lursmani. tivis Ziri erTma-
neTze TokebiT gadabmuli balsis xis cxra
sqeli morisgan Sedgeboda, am Zirze zevidan
perpendikularulad iyo gadakruli cxra
ufro mcire zomis mori, xolo maTze damag-
rebuli iyo bambukisgan gakeTebuli iataki.
tivis centrSi idga bambukisganve awyobili

balsis tivi

axalgazrda Tur heierdali

24
 Tur heierdali

ekvatori
galapagosi

peru
30 ivnisi
7 agvisto

taiti wynari okeane

aRdgomis kunZulebi

mzadeba `kon-tikiT~ mogzaurobisTvis `kon-tikis~ marSruti

qoxi, romelSic mogzaurebi dRisiT Takara welze Toki moiba, wyalSi gadaeSva da ase mo-
mzisgan afarebdnen Tavs, RamiT ki eZinaT. axerxa navamde miRweva da operatoris tivze
tivs hqonda saWe da ialqnebi. es ucnauri dabruneba. am SemTxvevis mere eqspediciis
konstruqcia, romelsac heierdalma inkebis wevrebi mxolod TokiT dabmulebi Tu to-
RmerTis saxeli „kon-tiki“ uwoda, 1947 wlis vebdnen tivs da isic Sors verc micuravd-
28 aprils wyalSi CauSves da daiwyo jer ar- nen, radgan wynari okeane zvigenebiT iyo sav-
naxuli mogzauroba, romlis Sedegsac mTe- se. norvegielebs dabmulebsve eZinaT, rom
li msoflio interesiT eloda. morig talRas zRvaSi ar gadaeyara.
ra Tqma unda, heierdals Tavgadasavali mogzaurebs Tan hqondaT erTi tona
brmad ar wamouwyia, mas Seswavlili hqonda mtknari wyali, romelsac ekonomiis mizniT
okeanis dinebebi da qaris mimarTuleba, ro- okeanis wyalTan azavebdnen da ise svamdnen.
melic perus sanapirodan mudmivad dasav- erTi-erTze gazavebuli mariliani da mtkna-
leTisken uberavda. am qaris da dinebis wya- ri wyali sasmelad vargisi iyo da wyurvil-
lobiT `kon-tikim~ maSinve iseTi tempi aiRo, sac klavda. norvegielebi svamdnen daWeri-
rom pirvelive cdaze, rodesac jgufis ope- li Tevzis limfur siTxesac, risTvisac
ratori rezinis navSi gadajda, raTa „kon- Tevzs xvretdnen da naxvretidan naJur siT-
tiki“ gverdidan gadaeRo, aRmoCnda, rom xes agrovebdnen. aRmoCnda, rom am gziTac
niCbebis mosmiTac ki ver daeweoda tivs. ma- SeiZleboda wyurvilis mokvla.
Sin, ukanasknel wams, jgufis sxva wevrma

`kon-tikis~ ekipaJi. marcxnidan: knut hauglandi,

bengt danielsoni, Tur heierdali, erik heselbergi,
torsten rebi, herman vacingeri

25
 mogzauroba

Turi `kon-tikis~ anZaze zvigenze nadiroba

mogzaurTa sakveb racionSi mTavari maT mier primitiuli meTodebiT mopovebuli Tevzi iyo.
norvegielebi Zalian advilad iWerdnen gaumaZRar zvigenebsac. sakmarisi iyo kauWiT daboloe-
buli joxis wyalSi Cayofa, rom mtacebeli maSinve datakeboda kauWze wamocmul xorcis naWers.
mTavari samuSao maSin iwyeboda, rodesac zvigens tivze aaTrevdnen da iq misi mokvla Subebis da
xelketebis saSualebiT uwevdaT.
aqve unda iTqvas, rom zvigenebi, romlebzec isini nadirobdnen, patara zomisa iyvnen, magram
heierdalis eqspediciis wevrebma kameriT gadaiRes scena, rodesac maT tivs uzarmazari vefx-
visebri zvigeni mosdevda. es unikaluri kadrebia, pirdafCenili zRvis urCxuli lamis tivze am-
oxtes, barjebmomarjvebuli norvegielebi ki daZabulebi ucqeren mis yovel moZraobas. bolos
erT-erTs nervebi umtyunebs da barjs mTeli ZaliT Caasobs zvigens. mtacebelma dayvinTa, To-
ki, romliTac barji mobmuli hqonda tivs, daiWima da gawyda, magram zvigeni meti aR-
ar gamoCenila.
mogzaurebisTvis usiamovno iyo veSapebis gundTan Sexvedrac. okeanis golia-
Tebma TiTqos alya Semoartyes tivs, romlis gadabruneba kudis erTi dartymiT
SeeZloT, mis qveS curavdnen, ise axlos iyvnen, rom amoyvinTvisas maT-
gan gaSvebuli wylis Wavli mogzaurebs wuwavda, magram yvelaferma
mSvidobiT Caiara.

„kon-tiki“ dReSi saSualod 80 kilometrs gadioda, rekordi ki

dReSi 120 kilometri iyo. mTlianobaSi norvegielebs amindSi gau-
marTlaT, mxolod orjer moxvdnen saSinel qariSxalSi, romlis
merec tivs seriozuli SekeTeba dasWirda, oRond saremonto sa-
muSaoebic gzadagza tardeboda, radgan gaCerebis saSualeba ub-
ralod ar iyo.
mogzaurobis 99-e dRes atexilma qariSxalma Seiwira peru-
dan wamoyvanili yvelasTvis sayvareli TuTiyuSis sicocxle.
es molaparake frTosani Zalian axalisebda ekipaJis yofas.
marTalia, TuTiyuSma espanuri sityvebi icoda, magram Tavis
wignSi heierdali werda, rom sul male frinveli norvegiu-

26
 Tur heierdali

nem daiwia da muxlamde wyalSi mogzaurebi

fexiT mividnen kunZulamde. es moxda mogza-
urobis dawyebidan 103-e dRes. xis tivi, ro-
melmac Ria zRvaSi 8 000 kilometri gaiara,
rifze darCa. norvegielebma ki amdeni xnis
manZilze pirvelad gaiares xmeleTze, gada-
itanes gadarCenili bargi, gaaSres da aawy-
ves dasvelebuli da dazianebuli racia da
im dros auwyes msoflios eqspediciis war-
matebiT dasruleba, rodesac daTqmuli 35
saaTidan, mxolod 5 iyo darCenili.
„kon-tikis“ mogzaurobis mere Tur hei-
erdali msoflioSi erT-erT yvelaze popu-
larul adamianad iqca. ra Tqma unda, igi miR-
weuls ar dasjerda da Cveuli cxovreba ga-
agrZela – qmnida absoluturad aramecnie-
rul, magram popularul Teoriebs da mere
piradi magaliTiT cdilobda maT damtkice-
bas. mas arasodes ainteresebda profesiona-
li mecnierebis azri, misi wignebi samecnie-
ro wreebze metad farTo mkiTxvelisTvis
iyo gankuTvnili, magram es kaci, romelic
arafrad agdebda dabrkolebebs da faTe-
torsten rebi TuTiyuSTan erTad raks, Tavisebur msoflio keTili nebis el-
Cad iqca.
li aqcentiT alaparakda. im didi Stormis
dros ki TuTiyuSi ubralod gaqra, etyoba, xolo rodesac heierdalma atlantis
talRam zRvaSi gadaagdo. okeanis gadacurva ganizraxa, transportad
ki lerwmisgan agebuli navi airCia, iseTi,
sabednierod, TuTiyuSi maSin erTader- rogoriTac nilosze dacuravdnen Zveli eg-
Ti danakargi aRmoCnda. ramdenime dReSi viptelebi, man norvegiuli ekipaJis nacv-
mogzaurebma jer wylis Tavze frinveli Se- lad, navze msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxidan
niSnes, rac miwis siaxlovis utyuari niSani sxvadasxva aRmsareblobisa da rasis xalxi
iyo da mere – polineziis erT-erTi kunZu- miiwvia. amiT heierdals undoda eCvne-
li, romliskenac tivis mibruneba ver SeZ- bina, rom msoflio yvelasia.
les, radgan qari maT win miaqanebda. kidev
ramdenime kunZuls gascdnen da bolos erT- navs egvipturi RmerTis
erTisken moaxerxes tivis mitrialeba, mag- saxeli „ra“ uwodes. amje-
ram xmeleTamde ramdenime aseuli metriT rad mousvenar norvegi-
dacilebuli `kon-tiki~ marjnis rifze Sej- els undoda sakuTari
da. im momentSi, rodesac marjnis rifTan Se- magaliTiT eCvenebina,
jaxeba gardauvali gaxda, eqspediciis ra-
disti morzes anbaniT elaparakeboda ra-
diomoyvaruls axali zelandiidan, romlis `kon-tikis~ bortze
signalis daWerac SemTxveviT SeZlo. mogza- mibmuli mezRvaurebi
urebma axalzelandiels sTxoves, rom 35 sa-
aTi moecada da Tuki maTgan aranairi signa-
li aRar iqneboda, msoflio gangaSi aetexa.
rifTan Sejaxeba mogzaurobis finaluri da
yvelaze dramatuli momenti iyo. tivi ga-
darCa, ubralod, rifze SerCa da gaiWeda. mi-
si iqidan daZvra SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda, napi-
ramde ki sul orasiode metri iyo darCeni-
li. male daiwyo okeanis miqceva. wylis do-

27
 mogzauroba

rom amgvari transportiT Zvel egvipte-

lebs SeeZloT mieRwiaT amerikis napirebam-
maroko de da egvipturi da samxreTamerikuli pira-
safi midebis msgavseba mxolod imis niSani iyo,
kanaris kunZulebi
rom isini erTma da imave xalxma aago. dRes
misi es Teoriac ugulebelyofilia, magram
Tavgadasavali dResac yvelas aRafrTova-
`ra-2~
nebs.
barbadosi
12 ivl. 1970
`ra~
„ras“ ekipaJis Svidive wevri sxvadasxva
18 ivl. 1969 afrika qveynidan iyo. heierdalma eqimad rusi mog-
zauri iuri senkeviCi miiwvia, rac im drois-
Tvis sakmaod uCveulo ram iyo, radgan sab-
ekvatori WoTa kavSiri dasavluri samyaros dauZine-
bel mtrad ganixileboda, magram norvegie-
li mogzauri am yvelaferze maRla idga. eqs-
pediciis operatori da fotografi iyo ga-
moCenili italieli mTamsvleli da mogzau-
ri karlo mouri, romelic msoflios ara-
erT urTules mwvervalze iyo asuli da fe-
samxreTi xiT hqonda gavlili marko polos gza ita-
amerika
liidan CineTamde. im dros ukve dawyebuli
atlantis okeane
iyo jerac dausrulebeli konfliqti isra-
elsa da arabul samyaros Soris, heierdal-
`ras~ da `ra-2-is~ marSrutebi
ma isic moaxerxa, rom ekipaJSi erTi arabi da
erTic ebraeli wevri hyoloda. saerTodac,
eqspediciis arc erTi wevri ar iyo ubralo
adamiani, yvelaze saintereso ki isaa, rom
erTaderTi profesionali mezRvauri navze
iyo mesaWe – amerikeli norman beikeri.
aqve vityviT, rom pirveli cdiT atlan-
tis okeanis gadacurva ver moxerxda, radgan
„ras“ konstruqcia ar aRmoCnda srulyofi-
li – navi cal mxares ixreboda da wyals xa-
pavda. heierdali da misi xalxi warmoudge-
neli Seupovrobis da sijiutis xarjze ga-
nagrZobda gzas. yoveli morigi qariSxali
CaZirviT emuqreboda sifrifana navs, rome-
lic mogzaurobis 51-e dRes ubralod Suaze
gadatyda da ekipaJs misi mitoveba mouwia.
heierdalma Semdeg wels imave masaliT aago
xomaldi `ra-2~

xomaldi `ra~

28
 Tur heierdali

ukeTesi navi – „ra-2“ da imave ekipaJiT maro-

kodan wasulma, mSvidobiT CaaRwia barbado-
samde. wynari okeanis kvaldakval boboqari
atlantis okeanec damorCilda jiuti nor-
vegielis nebas.
„kon-tikis“ da „ras“ mogzaurobebs So-
ris 22 welia. am xnis ganmavlobaSi heierdali
wamiT ar gaCerebula, awarmoebda arqeolo-
giur gaTxrebs aRdgomis kunZulze, qmnida
axal-axal Teoriebs da werda wignebs. misi
erT-erTi Teoriis mixedviT, dRevandeli
skandinavielebis istoriuli samSoblo
dRevandeli azerbaijanis teritoriaze
mdebareobda, xolo uZvelesi kavkasieli
xalxis – udebis saxeli vikingebis warmarT-
uli RmerTis saxels, odins, daukavSira. he-
ierdalma ramdenjerme imogzaura azerbai-
janSi da baqos samxreTiT, gobustanSi, ked-
lebze amotvifruli Zveli naxatebi Zvel
skandinaviur simboloebTan daakavSira.
1977 wels heierdalma kidev erTi lerw-
mis navi aago, man mdinare tigrosiT, erayi-
dan, sparseTis yuris gavliT indoeTis okea-
neSi Secura, Semdeg arabeTis naxevarkun-
Zuls Semouara, magram wiTel zRvaSi aRar
Sesula. aRmosavleT afrikis patara qveynis,
jibutis, sanapirosTan mogzaurebma navi
dawves, riTac regionSi warmoebuli omebis
winaaRmdeg protesti gamoxates. Tur heierdali aRdgomis kunZulebze
Tur heierdali imiT aris unikaluri,
rom misi arseboba ufro mniSvnelovani iyo, 1994 wels msaxiob liv ulmanTan erTad
vidre misi sruliad fantastikuri da da- swored 70 wlis Tur heierdals ergo pativi
umtkicebeli Teoriebi. es unikaluri adami- lilehameris zamTris olimpiuri TamaSebi
ani uyvardaT yvelgan, sadac ar unda Casu- gaexsna. mogzaurs arasodes hyolia amxela
liyo. albaT, iSviaTad moiZebneba vinme sxva, auditoria, im dRes is miliardze meti te-
romelic amdeni sxvadasxva saxelmwifos lemayureblis winaSe wardga.
jildoebis mflobeli iyos. ra Tqma unda, is
gansakuTrebiT mSobliur norvegiaSi uy- 87 wlis Tur heierdali 2002 wlis 18 ap-
varT, radgan patara, xuTmilioniani erisT- rils ojaxis wevrebis garemocvaSi, italiis
vis TiToeuli saxelganTqmuli Svili gansa- patara qalaq alasioSi gardaicvala.
kuTrebiT Zvirfasia.

xomald `ras~ ekipaJi

29