Sazrvargaretis Qveynebis Samartlis Istoria: Zveli Armosavletis Qveynebi

sazRvargareTis qveynebis samarTlis
istoria
Zveli aRmosavleTis qveynebi
• samoqalaqo samarTali (miwaze sakuTrebis uflebis
Tavisebureba, sakuTrebis ufleba, valdebulebiTi samarTali)
• saqorwino-saojaxo samarTali
• samemkvidreo samarTali
• sisxlis samarTali
• sasamarTlo organizacia da procesi
2013 DAVIT BOSTOGHANASHVILI 1

Zveli aRmosavleTis qveynebis
samoqalaqo samarTali
sakuTrebis ZiriTadi saSualebebia: miwebi da monebi
miwis umaRles mesakuTred gvevlineba mefe.
miwis mesakuTred aseve gamodian: Temebi, taZrebi, didebulebi,
didi ojaxi da sxva...
(sakarmidamo nakveTebisa da mravalwliani nargavebis baRebis statusi)
ilku qoneba babilonSi _ mefe sargeblobisaTvis gadascemda miwebs
msaxureul didkacobasa da moxeleebs (Tavisi sacxovrebeli saxliTa
da sasoflo sameurneo inventariT); es qoneba gadaecemodaT
samsaxurisa da misi damuSavebis pirobiT:

Zveli aRmosavleTis qveynebis samoqalaqo
samarTali _ ilku qoneba
xamurabis kanonebi:
26-e m. _ ukeTu redumi an bairumi, romelsac
nabrZanebi aqvs wavides mefis laSqrobaSi, ar
wava an daiqiravebs vinmes da mas gagzavnis
Tavis nacvlad, es redumi an bairumi unda
moklan: mis mier daqiravebul kacs SeuZlia
miiRos misi saxli.

xamurabis kanonebi:
30-e m. _ ukeTu redumi an bairumi Tavisi begaris simZimis
gamo miatovebs Tavis saxnav-saTess, baRsa da saxls da
sxvagan wava, xolo mis Semdeg sxva aiRebs mis saxnav-
saTess, baRsa da saxls da ixdis mis begaras 3 wlis
ganmavlobaSi, Tu igi dabrundeba da moiTxovs saxnav-
saTess, baRsa da saxls, isini mas ar unda mieces. is vinc
aiRo isini da ixdida mis begaras, TviTon moixdis mas.

ilku qoneba amoRebuli iyo samoqalaqo brunvidan.
36-e m. _ redumis, bairumis an Semosavlis mimtanis saxnav-
saTesi, baRi an saxli ar unda gascen vercxlSi;
ilku qonebaSi igulisxmeboda msxvilfexa da wvrilfexa pirutyvic;
xamurabis kanonebi: 35-e m. _ ukeTu kaci redumisa da
bairumisagan iyidis msxvilfexa an wvrilfexa pirutyvs, romelic
redums misca mefem, is hkargavs Tavis vercxls;

37-e m. _ ukeTu kaci iyidis redumis, bairumis an
Semosavlis mimtanis saxnav-saTess, baRsa da saxls,
maSin misi tabula unda daimtvres, Tanac igi
hkargavs Tavis vercxls. saxnav-saTesi, baRi da saxli
ubrundeba maT patrons.
ilku qonebidan misi mflobeli verc colsa da qaliSvils
miscemda raimes, mxolod Tavisi nayidi qonebidan
SeeZlo gaeca rame.

indoeTSi mefe ar iTvleboda miwis umaRles mesakuTred:
manus kanonebSi naTqvamia: yvelaferi rac arsebobs samyaroSi
es brahmanis sakuTrebaa. warmoSobis upiratesobis Sedegad
swored brahmans aqvs ufleba yvelaferze.
Tumca aqac ganirCeva miwaze samefo, sataZro da saTemo
sakuTrebis formebi. arsebuli mijnebi adasturebs miwaze
sakuTrebis uflebis arsebobas.
mona gaTanabrebuli Sinaur pirutyvTan.

manus kanonebi icnobs sakuTrebis uflebis
warmoSobis gzebs:
Tavi X, l. 115 _ arsebobs sakuTrebis SeZenis

Svidi kanonieri saSualeba: memkvidreoba,
mopoveba (-povna), syidva, dapyroba,
procentebi sesxze, samuSaos Sesruleba da
saCuqris (wyalobis) miReba.

manus kanonebi: Tavi VIII, l. 35 _ im adamianisagan,
romelic marTlad ityvis napovarze _ ,,es me
mekuTvnis”, mefes SeuZlia aiRos (Rirebulebis) erTi
meeqvsedi, an erTi meTormetedi.
l. 35 _ mefe iRebs naxevars, Zveli ganZidan da
metalidan (wiaRiseuli) romlebic miwaSia napovni,
rogorc am miwis damcavi da mflobeli.

cols, vaJs da monas ar gaaCnda sakuTrebis ufleba
manus kanonebi: Tavi VIII, l. 416 _ coli, vaJi da mona _ es sami ar
SeiZleba CaiTvalos mesakuTred; qoneba, romelsac isini
SeiZenen, ekuTvnis mas, visac isini ekuTvnian.
Tumca qals SeeZlo sakuTrebaSi qonoda garkveuli qoneba
manus kanonebi: Tavi IX, l. 194 _ is rac gadacemuli iyo
qorwinebamde, an qorwilis msvlelobisas, rac gadaeca siyvarulis
niSnad da miRebulia Zmisagan, dedisagan an mamisagan, esaa
qalis sakuTrebis eqvsi saxeoba.

manus kanonebi icnobs sakuTrebis uflebis
warmoSobas xandazmulobiT
Tavi VII, l. 147 _ Tuki mesakuTre aTi wlis

ganmavlobaSi uyurebs Tu rogor sargebloben
misi sakuTrebiT sxvebi da arafers ambobs, man
aRar unda moiTxovos es sakuTreba ukan.

xandazmuloba ar vrceldeboda Wkuasustisa da
mcirewlovanis qonebaze
l. 148 _ Tu mesakuTre araa Wkuasusti an
mcirewlovani, da Tu misi sakuTrebiT sargebloba mis
Tvalwin xdeba, es qoneba CamoerTmeva mas;
mflobels SeuZlia daitovos es sakuTrebaSi.
xandazmuloba ar vrceldeboda aseve, avadmyofebis,
mefisa da brahmanis qonebaze, aseve giraoze

mitovebuli qoneba sami wlis Semdeg gadavidoda
saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi
manus kanonebi: Tavi VIII, l. 30 _ mefem sami wlis

manZilze unda Seinaxos qoneba, romlis patronic
gauCinarebulia; am vadis gasvlamde, patrons SeuZlia
miiRos is, vadis gasvlis Semdeg _ miaqvs mefes.

Zveli aRmosavleTis qveynebis valdebulebiTi
samarTali
valdebulebi warmoiSoboda
xelSekrulebebidan da zianis miyenebidan
xelSekrulebebidan cnobili iyo: nasyidobis, sesxis,
gacvlilobis, Cuqebis, qiravnobis, giravnobis,
Senaxvis, mindobilobis da sxv.
xelSekruleba SeiZleboda dadebuliyo werilobiTac da
zepiradac, mowmeTa TandaswrebiT.

Zveli aRmosavleTis qveynebis valdebulebiTi
samarTali
babilonSi werilobiTi forma aucilebeli iyo
qorwinebis, nasyidobis, gacvlis, qiravnobis da
zogierTi sxva xelSekrulebebisaTvis;
magaliTad, xamurabis kanonebis 128-e m. _
ukeTu kaci cols SeirTavs da ar dadebs
werilobiT xelSekrulebas, maSin es qali coli
araa.

valdebulebiTi samarTali
xamurabis kanonebi:
m. 7 _ ukeTu kacma anda vercxli, anda oqro, anda mona, anda
mona qali, anda xari, anda cxvari, anda viri, anda sxva ram
kacis Svilisagan an kacis monisagan mowmeebis an sabuTis
gareSe iyida an Sesanaxad miibara, es kaci qurdia da sikvdiliT
unda daisajos.
manus kanonebi:
TaviVIII, l. 201 _ is, vinc miiRebs nivTs misi gayidvisas
mowmeTa TandaswrebiT, SeiZens am nivTs kanonierad.

induri samarTali icnobs xelSekrulebis namdvilobis
pirobebs
Tavi VIII, l. 163 _ mTvralis, Seuracxadis, avadmyofis,
monis, mcirewlovnis an Rrma moxucebulis, an
arauflebamosili piris mier dadebuli xelSekruleba
baTilia.
l. 164 _ kanonisa da CveulebaTa darRveviT dadebul
xelSekrulebas kanonieri Zala ara aqvs, Tundac
arsebobdes mtkicebulebebi.

l. 165 _ motyuebiT dadebuli giravnoba, nasyidoba,
Cuqeba da sxva yvelaferi, sadac gamovlindeba
motyueba, mosamarTlem unda gaauqmos.
l. 168 _ is, rac miRebulia iZulebiT, rasac floben
iZulebiT, rac dawerilia iZulebiT, da yvela
moqmedeba Cadenili iZulebiT, manus mier
gamocxadebulia baTilad.

Tumca calkeul SemTxvevebSi SesaZlebeli iyo monas
daedo Tavisi patronis sasargeblod xelSekruleba
l. 167 _ Tuki mona dadebs xelSekrulebas ojaxis

(patronis) sasargeblod, maSin patronma (ojaxis),
Tavis qveyanaSi cxovrobs Tu sxvagan, ar unda
uaryos igi.

xelSekrulebebidan mag. babilonSi cnobili iyo:
nasyidobis, sesxis (maqsimum, purze - 33,5%, vercxlze - 20%),
qirvnobis (nivTis, piradi - meomris, eqimis, mexres, meurmes,
miwaTmoqmedis, xelosnis - mag. dalaqis, mkeravis, qvismWrelis, mWedelis,
durgalis, metyeves, xuros), Sesanaxad mibarebis (sasyidliani da
usasyidlo), amxanagobis, Tamqarsa da Samalums Soris
da sxva.

zianis miyenebidan warmoSobili valdebulebani
xamurabis kanonebi: m. 53 _ ukeTu kacs daezareba
gaamagros Tavisi mindvris kaSxali, da imis gamo, rom
kaSxali ar iyo gamagrebuli mis mier, misi kaSxali
gairRveva, xolo wyali walekavs Temis damuSavebul
miwas, maSin im kacma, romlis kaSxalic gairRva, unda
aanazRauros mis mier ganadgurebuli puri.

m. 251 _ ukeTu kacis xari marqenalia da mezoblebi
ganucxadeben mas, rom igi marqenalia, xolo igi ar
moaWris mas rqebs da ar daabams Tavis xars, da es
xari urqens kacs da moklavs, man unda misces 1/2
mina vercxli.
m. 59 _ukeTu kaci mosWris kacis baRSi xes baRis
patronis daukiTxavad, man unda miuwonos 1/2 mina
vercxli.

manus kanonebi: Tavi VIII, l. 230 _ dRisiT saqonelze
pasuxismgebelia mwyemsi, RamiT patroni, Tu
saqoneli mis saxlSia; sxva SemTxvevaSi dRisiTac da
RamiTac pasuxismgebelia mwyemsi.
l. 231 _ Tuki Txebi da cxvrebi garSemortymulni arian
mglebiT, xolo mecxvare ar miiCqaris maT
dasaxmareblad, is pasuxs agebs im saqonelze
romelsac Tavs daesxmis mgeli da moklavs.

l. 132 _ Tuki saTanadod daculi saqoneli tyeSi
balaxobs da moulodnelad mgeli daesxmis
Tavs da moklavs romelime maTgans,
mwyemsi aseT SemTxvevaSi pasuxs ar agebs.
dauZleveli ZaliT miyenebuli zarali ar
anazRaurdeboda.

kreditoris winaSe valdebulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis
babilonSi nebismieri valis anazRaureba SeiZleboda 3
wlis muSaobis Sedegad:
m. 117_ ukeTu kacs vali marTebs da vercxlSi miscems an
savalo kabalaSi gadascems Tavis cols, Tavis vaJiSvils
an Tavis qaliSvils, maT unda imsaxuron myidvelis an
gamsesxeblis saxlSi 3 weliwadi; meoTxe weliwads isini
unda gaaTavisuflon.

manus kanonebi, Tavi VIII, l. 177 _ movale
valdebulia kreditors daubrunos vali, maT Soris
piradi SromiTac, Tuki is imave an qvemdgomi
kastis wevria, xolo Tu movale ufro maRali
kastidanaa, maSin mas SeuZlia vali daubrunos
TandaTanobiT.

samarTali
nivTebi
uZravi da moZravi nivTebi; samoqalaqo
brunvaSi arsebuli da samoqalaqo brunvidan
amoRebuli nivTebi.
(mag. babilonSi samoqalaqo brunvidan amoRebuli iyo
saxelmwifo, sataZro, saTemo, teritoriuli olqis miwebi, ilku
qoneba da qvrivi qalis qoneba)

saqorwino-saojaxo samarTali
egvipteSi
qorwineba warmoadgenda xelSekrulebas
saqmrosa da sacoles mSoblebs Soris da xSirad
ideboda maTi mcirewlovanebis dros.
mziTevi colis sakuTrebas warmoadgenda da
qmars ar SeeZlo misi gasxviseba.

saqorwino-saojaxo samarTali babilonSi
• qorwinebis xelSekruleba aucileblad unda
gaformebuliyo werilobiT.
• qorwineba monogamiur xasiaTs atarebs.
• SesaZlebelia meored daqorwineba, an meore colis
moyvanac.
vaJis mSoblebs unda mietanaT saqorwino saCuqari biblumi da
gamosasyidi TerxaTumi. Tu vaJis mxare moSlida niSnobas
kargavda mirTmeul qonebas, xolo Tu qalis mxare _ ormagad
ubrunebda mas.
mziTevs SeriqTumi erqva.

ganqorwineba:
• Tu qmari tyved Cavardeba da sarCo ar eqneba cols
(m. 134, 135);
• Tu qali Zalian xelgaSlilad cxovrobs da arcxvens
Tavis qmars (m. 141);
• Tu qali SeiZulebs qmars da etyvis ,,nu momekarebio”
da gairkveva rom qmari arcxvens mas (m. 142);
• Tu kaci datovebs Tems da gaiqceva (m. 136);

RalatisaTvis cols SeeZlo waeRo mziTevi da mamis

saxlSi dabrunebuliyo, xolo Tu coli uRalatebda mas
wyalSi gadaagdebdnen (m. 129).
coli Tavisi mziTevis mesakuTrea mas SeuZlia dados
garigebebi.
mamas SeeZlo Svili gaeyida, savalo kabalaSi mieca,
memkvidreoba CamoerTmia, qurumad mieca
qaliSvili.

saqorwino-saojaxo samarTali indoeTSi
kasturi xasiaTi
qorwinebis 8 forma arsebobda, maT Soris:
• mamisagan qaliSvilisTvis memkvidreobis gadacemiT;
• sacolis yidviT (gamosasyidis gadaxdiT);
• qorwineba mSoblebis Tanxmobis gareSe (manus
kanonebi, Tavi IX, l. 90 _ qaliSvili, romelmac miaRwia
srulwlovanebas, unda elodos 3 weli; magram amis
Semdeg mas SeuZlia airCios saqmro Tavisi kastidan);

• sacolis motacebiT;
• gaupatiurebiT (manus kanonebi, Tavi VIII, l. 366

_is vinc kavSirs daiWers qaliSvilTan Tavisive
varnidan, unda gadaixados saqorwino gadasaxadi,
Tu qaliSvilis mama moisurvebs amas).

SesaZlebeli iyo meored daqorwineba:

pirveli daqorwinebisaTvis yvela orjerdabadebulisaTvis
aucilebeli iyo sacole Tavisive varnidan; meore
qorwinebisaTvis ki Tavisive an qvemdgomi kastidan
(Tavi III, l. 12, 13).
manus kanonebi: Tavi III, l. 15 _ orjerdabadebuli, romlic,
Tavisi ugunurebiT iqorwinebs Sudraze, daamcrobs
Tavis ojaxs da Svilebs Sudrebis mdgomareobaSi.

saqorwino asaki
manus kanonebi: Tavi IX, l. 94 _ 30 wlis kacs
SeuZlia daqorwindes 12 wlis qaliSvilze; 24
wlis kacs _ 8 wlis qaliSvilze; Tu misi
valdebulebani (igulisxmeba ojaxis ufrosis)
sxvagvarad Seferxdeba _ ufro adrec.

ganqorwineba
manus kanonebi: Tavi IX, l. 81 _ colTan, romelic
uSviloa ganqorwineba SeiZleba 8 wels, Tu mkvdar
nayofs Sobs _ 10 wels, Tu mxolod gogonebs _ 11
wels, xolo Tu anCxlia _ dauyovnebliv.
• Tu kanonieria qorwineba, magram manki aqvs,

avadmyofia an namusaxdili (l. 72);

ganqorwineba
manus kanonebi: Tavi IX
• Tu erTi weli icxovra colTan romelsac sZuls (l. 77);
• Tu qmari SeSlilia, an varnidan gaZevebuli, an saWurisi, an
impotenti, an iseTi daavadeba sWirs, romelic iTvleba sasjelad
codvebisTvis, da coli zizRs avlens mis mimarT, aseT
SemTxvevaSi mas verc gaagdebs da verc qonebas
CamoarTmevs (l79).

saqorwino-saojaxo samarTali CineTSi
didi (patriarqaluri) ojaxebi;

xelSekruleba mSoblebs Soris;
niSnoba _ pasuxismgebloba darRvevisaTvis;
saqorwino asaki: vaJis _ 16-30; qalis _ 14-20.
monogamiuri qorwineba, Tumca qmars SeeZlo meorexarisxovani
colebis moyvanac.
ikrZaleboda wodebaTa Soris qorwineba.
ganqorwineba dasaSvebi iyo da is SeeZloT moeTxovaT ojaxis
wevrebsac (Tu mag. winaparTa imedebs ver gaamarTlebda).
moRalate colisa da misi sayvarlis mkvleloba dasjadi ar iyo.

samemkvidreo samarTali
egvipteSi qali vaJebTan erTad Tanabrad iRebda memkvidreobas.
babilonSi gardacvlilis pirdapiri memkvidreebi misi Svilebi da
SviliSvilebi iyvnen; maTi aryolis SemTxvevaSi Zma, an Zmebi;
maTi aryolis SemTxvevaSi ki mamis Zmebi. Tu vaJi cocxali ar
iyo magram misi Svili iyo saxeze, is miiRebda mamis wils.
vaJiSvilebi mSoblebis gardacvalebis Semdeg Tanabrad iRebdnen
samkvidro qonebas, qaliSvilebi ki mxolod mziTevs.

samemkvidreo samarTali babiloni
mamas SeeZlo Tavisi sayvareli SvilisaTvis

winaswar eCuqebina qoneba da is samkvidro
wilSi ar CaiTvleboda;
aseve umcros, dasaqorwinebel vaJs SeeZlo
mieRo damatebiTi wili saqorwino
gamosasyidisaTvis.
Svilad ayvanili gardacvlilis sakuTari Svilebis
odena wils iRebdnen memkvidreobidan .

samemkvidreo samarTali babiloni
mxevlisagan naSobi Svilis samemkvidreo ufleba:
mona qalisgan naSobi Svili, Tu mamam gautola Tavis
Svilebs, Cveulebriv wils miiRebs (m. 170), xolo Tu
ar gautola, maSin verafers miiRebs (m. 171).
meuRlis samemkvidreo ufleba:
meuRle iRebda Tavis mziTevs da qvrivobis wils, anu
qonebas, romelic mis uzrunvelsayofad iyo saWiro (m.
171).

samemkvidreo samarTali indoeTSi
mSoblebis gardacvalebis Semdeg vaJebi Tanabrad iyofdnen
qonebas (Tavi IX, l. 104), an ufrosi vaJi iRebda mamiseul
mamuls da iTvleboda meurved Tavisi (ucolo) Zmebis (l. 105).
Tu Svilebi sxvadasxva varnis colebisagan iyvnen:
maSin qoneba 10 nawilad gaiyofoda (l. 152) da ganawildeboda
Semdegnairad _ brahmanis Svili miiRebda 4 wils, qSatriis
Svili _ 3, vaiSis Svili _ 2, Sudris Svili _1 (l. 153).
qali, WkuasustebTan da monebTan erTad, amoRebuli iyo
memkvidreTa siidan.
CineTSi _ patriarqaluri ojaxi.
cnobili iyo anderZic.

sisxlis samarTali
egvipte
• saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebi _ Ralati,
SeTqmuleba, amboxeba, samxedro samsaxurze uaris Tqma da
sxva.
• pirovnebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebi _
mkvleloba, sxeulis dazianeba, Seuracxyofa, ciliswameba.
• sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebi _ qurdoba,
Zarcva, miTviseba da sxva.
• religiis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebi _ RvTis gmoba,
taZrebisa da wminda adgilebis Seuracxyofa da sxva.

sisxlis samarTali
egvipte
sasjelebi
• sikvdiliT dasja _ cecxlSi dawva, wyalSi gadagdeba,
maxviliT gangmirva;
• damasaxiCrebeli sasjelebi;
• Tavisuflebis aRkveTa;
• iZulebiTi samuSaoebi.

sisxlis samarTali _ babiloni
hamurabis kanonebi icnobda danaSaulis Cadenas ganzrax da
ganuzraxvelad, aseve bralis gareSe pasuxismgeblobas.
• saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebi _
laSqrobisagan Tavis arideba, (m.26,33,34) Ralati, amboxeba, danaSaulis
ganucxadebloba (m. 109) da sxva.
• pirovnebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebi _ mkvleloba
(m.116,153,207,209-213,229-231,251), sxeulis dazianeba, (m.196-201,206-
208,218,220) Seuracxyofa (m.195,202-214), ciliswameba
(m.126,127,132,161), tyuili braldeba (m.1-4,11,13,126,127) da sxva.
• sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebi _ Zarcva (22-
24), miTviseba (253,254), qurdoba (6,8-13,21,25,253,255,256), monobis
niSnis mocileba, (226,227) TaRliToba da ndobis borotad gamoyeneba
(94,107,108) da sxva.
• ojaxis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebi _ sisxlis aRreva
(154), gaupatiureba (130), mruSoba da sxva.

sisxlis samarTali _ sasjelebi
babilonis samarTali icnobda koleqtiur (Temis) pasuxismgeblobas,
aseve Svilebis pasuxismgeblobas mSoblebis danaSaulisaTvis da
ojaxis pasuxismgeblobas.
• sikvdiliT dasja _ cecxlSi dawva, wyalSi daxrCoba, sarze
Camocma, gagleja.
• sxeulebrivi sasjelebi _ maTraxis dakvra - 60
• damasaxiCrebeli sasjelebi _ enis moWra (Tu naSvilebi gamzrdel
mSobels etyvis Cemi mSoblebi ara xarTo), Tvalis daTxra (Tu
naSvilebi SeiZulebs gamzrdel mSoblebs da datovebs maT), ZuZus
mokveTa (Tu ZiZa bavSvs sxva bavSviT Secvlis), TiTebis
moWra (Svili Tu mamas gaartyams, aseve eqims, romelic cudad
gaakeTebs operacias), yuris moWra (Tu mona Tavisufals
gaartyams).

sisxlis samarTali _ sasjelebi
• gamawbilebeli sasjelebi _ (Tmis, wveris, safeTqlebis
gaparsva, daRis dasma, Tavze fisis dasxma da sxva)
• gaZeveba _ Temidan gaZeveba, gaZevebuli kargavs
yovelgvar kavSirs TemTan.
• qonebis CamorTmeva _ gamoiyeneba rogorc damatebiT
(mag. sikvdiliT dasjasTan erTad) aseve ZiriTad sasjelad
(mag. samxedro valdebulebisaTvis Tavis arideba).
• talioni
• kompozicia

sisxlis samarTali
indoeTi
danaSauli (kasturi principi)
• saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg _ saxelmwifo sawyobebisa da xazinis
gatexva, sairigacio mowyobilebebis moSla, qalaqis kedlebis dangreva,
Tanamdebobis pirTa mier fulis gamoZalva;
• pirovnebis winaaRmdeg _ mkvleloba, daWra;
• pativisa da Rirsebis winaaRmdeg _ ciliswameba da Seuracxyofa;
Seuracxyofa orgvaria: a)sityvieri da b)moqmedebiT;
• sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg _ qurdoba, Zarcva;
• ojaxis winaaRmdeg _ mruSoba, gaTxovil qalTan kavSiri, dabali kastis
warmomadgenelTan kavSiri.

sisxlis samarTali
indoeTi
sasjelebi (kasturi principi)
damasaxiCrebeli sasjeli
manus kanonebi: Tavi VIII, l 124 _ manum daasaxela
aTi adgili, romelzec SesaZlebelia sasjelis dadeba
(adamianebisaTvis) sami qveda varnidan; magram
brahmani unda gaZevebul iqnas (qveynidan)
dauzianeblad.

sisxlis samarTali
indoeTi (sasjelebi)
• sikvdiliT dasja _ Tavis mokveTiT, sarze gasmiT, daxrCobiT,
gaglejiT (spilos meSveobiT, T.VIII, l.34), dawviT, aduRebuli
zeTis pirsa da yurebSi CasxmiT, gavarvarebuli liTonis pirSi
CaCriT;
• damasaxiCrebeli sasjelebi _ kastracia, muclis dazianeba,
enis, orive xelisa da orive fexis mokveTa, Tvalis, cxviris,
orive yuris, tuCebis moWra (T. VIII, l. 125);
• varnidan gaZeveba;
• sxeulebrivi sasjelebi _ Zvlis gadatexva;
• qonebis konfiskacia - (T. VII, l. 124);
• jarima.

sisxlis samarTali
CineTi
bralis formebi;
danaSaulis mcdeloba;
Tanamonawileoba;
jgufuri danaSauli.
(500-mde danaSauli, ZiriTadad saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTuli)
sasjelebi: Serisxva, cxviris moWra, fexebis mokveTa, sikvdiliT
dasja, garozgva, monobis misja, jarima, gamawbilebeli da
simboluri sasjelebi.

sasamarTlo organizacia
egvipte
• faraoni _ umaRlesi mosamarTle;
• jati _ aTTa sabWos sasamarTlo, eqvsTa palata;
• kenbeti _ kolegialuri sasamarTlo - 30 mosamarTle.
• sataZro sasamarTloebi
adgilobrivi sasamarTloebi:
• nomarqebi;
• kenbeti.

babiloni
• sataZro sasamarTloebi _ uZvelesi droidan;
• mefis sasamarTlo _ umaRlesi sasamarTlo;
• adgilobrivi sasamarTloebi _ Saqanaqumebisa da
rabianumebis xelmZRvanelobiT;
• kolegialuri sasamarTloebi _ uxucesebi, Tamqrebi;
• mefis mier daniSnuli mosamarTleebisagan
Semdgari sasamarTlo.

indoeTi
wminda kanonebisa da Cveulebebis Tanaxmad mefe
ganixilavda davebs Semdeg sakiTxebze:
1. valis gadauxdeloba;
2. girao;
3. sxvisi qonebis gayidva;
4. saerTo qonebasTan dakavSirebul davebs;
5. Cuqeba;
6. gasamrjelos gadauxdeloba;
7. xelSekrulebis darRveva;
8. nasyidobis gauqmeba;
9. saqonlis patronsa da mwyemss Soris;
10.davas mijnaze;
11. moqmedebiT Seuracxyofa;
12. ciliswameba;
13. qurdoba;
14. yaCaRoba da Zaladoba;
15. mruSoba;
16. col-qmars Soris urTierToba;
17. samkvidros gayofa;
18. azartuli TamaSebi.
umaRlesi sasamarTlo _ sadac swavluli brahmanebi

ganixilavdnen saqmeebs da Semdeg mefes moaxsenebdnen.

sasamarTlo organizacia CineTi
administraciuli da sasamarTlo xelisufleba araa gamijnuli
cinis imperiaSi _ specialuri sasamarTlo tinvzemis meTaurobiT;
adgilebze _ provinciuli mosamarTleebi, romelTac evalebodaT
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis ganxilva da zedamxedveloba
provinciis cixeebze;
samoqalaqo saqmeebze, qveda rgoli iyo samazro sasamarTloebi,
Semdeg saolqo, dabolos, imperatoris sasamarTlo.

sasamarTlo procesi
sasamarTlo procesi ZiriTadad sabraldebo xasiaTs
atarebda, Tumca CineTSi vxvdebiT samZebro procesis
niSnebsac.
mtkicebulebebi:
• fici;
• werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi;
• ordalebi _ wyali, mduRare, cecxli, sawamlavi;
• mowmeTa Cveneba.

mtkicebulebebi indoeTSi
manus kanonebi: Tavi VIII, l. 113 _ Tuki ori mxare daobs, da
TviTmxilvelebi (mowmeebi) ver adastureben, da mosamarTles
ar SeuZlia zustad daadginos simarTle, igi mimarTavs fics.
l. 114 _ mosamarTles SeuZlia is, vis gamocdasac apirebs,
gamoscados cecxliT, wyliT an colisa da Svilebis TavebTan
SexebiT (daaficos).
l. 115 _ is, visac cecxli ar daswvavs, wyali ar amoagdebs
(maSinve) an maleve ubedureba ar SeemTxveva
gamarTlebulia.
mowme imave kastis warmomadgeneli unda yofiliyo.

sazRvargareTis qveynebis samarTlis
istoria
SekiTxvebi?
gmadlobT yuradRebisaTvis!
gisurvebT warmatebebs!!!

Sazrvargaretis Qveynebis Samartlis Istoria: Zveli Armosavletis Qveynebi

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Sazrvargaretis Qveynebis Samartlis Istoria: Zveli Armosavletis Qveynebi

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sazRvargareTis qveynebis samarTlis

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Tavi X, l. 115 _ arsebobs sakuTrebis SeZenis

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Tavi VII, l. 147 _ Tuki mesakuTre aTi wlis

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manus kanonebi: Tavi VIII, l. 30 _ mefem sami wlis

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l. 167 _ Tuki mona dadebs xelSekrulebas ojaxis

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RalatisaTvis cols SeeZlo waeRo mziTevi da mamis

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• gaupatiurebiT (manus kanonebi, Tavi VIII, l. 366

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SesaZlebeli iyo meored daqorwineba:

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• Tu kanonieria qorwineba, magram manki aqvs,

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didi (patriarqaluri) ojaxebi;

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mamas SeeZlo Tavisi sayvareli SvilisaTvis

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