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ormagi daniSnulebis magaliTebi

ormagi daniSnulebis magaliTebi. leqcia # 15. 1. mimoxilva. sadao kvleva slaidebi 2 - 8 maimunis yvavili slaidebi 9 - 14 poliovirusis sinTezi slaidebi 15 – 18 gripis virusi slaidebi 19 yvavilis virusis virulentoba slaidebi 20-21. 2. sadao kvleva (i). finkis angariSi. Tavi1

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ormagi daniSnulebis magaliTebi

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  1. ormagi daniSnulebis magaliTebi leqcia # 15

  2. 1. mimoxilva sadao kvleva slaidebi 2 - 8 maimunis yvavili slaidebi 9 - 14 poliovirusis sinTezi slaidebi 15 – 18 gripis virusi slaidebi 19 yvavilis virusis virulentoba slaidebi 20-21

  3. 2. sadao kvleva (i) finkis angariSi. Tavi1 sasicocxlo mecnierebebSi dRes “ormagi daniSnulebis” dilema biologiuri saomari saSualebebis mokle istoria* aSS politika da biologiuri da toqsiuri iaraRis konvenciis Seqmna *danarTi X: biologiuri saomari saSualebebi istoriaSi

  4. 3. sadao kvleva (ii) finkis angariSi. Tavi1 (gagrZeleba) axali safrTxe sasicocxlo mecnierebebSi “sadao kvlevebis” bolo drois magaliTebi sasicocxlo mecnierebebis sazogadoebis pasuxi wina gamowvevebze komitetis datvirTva da procesi

  5. 4. sadao kvleva (iii) sasicocxlo mecnierebebi dRes “biologiurma mecnierebebma ukanaskneli saukunis ganmavlobaSi udidesi zrda ganicada…” “ukiduresad farTo kvleviTma saqmianobam Sedegad gamoiRo mravali axali…produqti, romlebic gardaqmnian medicinas…” “bioteqnologiuri kvleva amJamad WeSmaritad globaluri saqmianobaa…” “kvleviT saqmianobasTan erTad gavrceleba hpova publikaciebma da personalmac…”

  6. 5. sadao kvleva (iv) sasicocxlo mecnierebebi dRes (gagrZeleba) “mecnieruli codnis swrafad gavrceleba da gamoyeneba moxda kvlevis kulturis gamo, rodesac mecnierebi erTmaneTs uziareben codnasa da biologiur masalebs da xalxi advilad icvlis universitetebs, samTavrobo saagentoebs, da kerZo industrias Soris. ucxoeli studentebis da doqtorantebis didi raodenoba aris biologiuri kvleviTi saqmianobis warmatebis arsebiTi nawili. samecniero samuSao Zala sul ufro metad internacionaluri xdeba…”

  7. 6. sadao kvleva (v) ormagi daniSnulebis dilema “ormagi daniSnulebis bioteqnologiuri kvlevis mowesrigeba aris didad sadao teqnikuri, politikuri, da sazogadoebrivi sakiTxi. SeiaraRebis kontrolisa da ganiaraRebis enaze ormagi daniSnuleba niSnavs samoqalaqo miznebiT Seqmnil teqnologiebs, romlebic aseve samxedro miznebiT SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli…” “…ZiriTadi sakiTxia, SeiZleba Tu ara araswor gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli riskebis Semcireba ise, rom kvlevis gagrZeleba SeiZlebodes.”

  8. 7. sadao kvleva (vi) axali safrTxe “yvela ZiriTadi teqnologia - metalurgia, asafeTqebeli saSualebebi, Sida wva, aviacia, eleqtronika, birTvuli energia – intensiurad gamoiyeneba, ara mxolod mSvidobiani miznebiT, aramed mtruliTac. bioteqnologiasac, romelic momavali saukunis upiratesi teqnologia iqneba, igive daemarTeba…?”

  9. 8. sadao kvleva (vii) axali safrTxe (gagrZeleba) “…im saukunis ganmavlobaSi, romelic es-esaa daiwyo, Cveni SesaZleblobebi gardavqmnaT fundamenturi sasicocxlo procesebi iseT swraf winsvlas ganicdis, rom Cven SevZlebT vipovoT damatebiTi gzebi ara marto sicocxlis gardavqmnaT igi –Semecnebis, ganviTarebis, gamravlebis da Stamomavlobis procesebis CaTvliT. samyaro, romelSic es SesaZleblobebi farTod gamoiyeneba mtruli miznebiT, iqneba samyaro, romelSic Tavad konfliqtis buneba iqneba radikalurad secvlili. amdenad uprecedento SesaZleblobei Seiqmneba danaSaulebisaTvis, daSinebisaTvis, represiis an damorCilebisTvis.”

  10. 9. maimunis yvavili (i) “…SesaZlo bioteroristuli gamoyenebiT kvlevis gavrcelebis yvelaze aRsaniSnavi bolodroindeli SemTxevva iyo angariSi ectromelia virusis (maimunis yvavili) Stamis bioinJineriis moulodneli Sedegis Sesaxeb, romelsac daxmareba unda gaewia Tagvebis mospobaSi …. zogma igrZno, ro,m am statiis gamoqveyneba teroristebs miscems ruqas yvavilis virusis ufro virulenturi stamis bioinJineriiT Seqmnisaken, romelic gaumklavdeba adamianis imunur sistemas, maTsac ki, vinc vaqcinirebulia…”

  11. 10. maimunis yvavili (ii) “statiis avtorebma miznad daisaxes SeeqmnaT infeqciuri imunokontraceptivi veluri TagvebisaTvis Tagvis ganayofierebuli kvercxujredidan aRebuli genis CarTviT ectromelia virusis genomSi. vinaidan kvercxujredis virusuli antigenis eqspresiam unayofoba ar gamoiwvia, avtorebi Seecadnen gaezardaT ectromelia virusis virulentoba im imediT, rom is imunur pasuxs gazrdida…”

  12. 11. maimunis yvavili (iii) “isini daeyrdnen adre gamoqveynebul naSroms … romelSic aRwerili iyo …IL-4 genis Canergva virusul genomSi da amrigad mis mometebul eqspresias in vivounda gaeZlierebina vaccinia virusi TagvebSi. mometebul eqspresias adgili aqvs albaT konkurentuli citokinebiT, rogoricaa IL-2… gamowveuli antivirusuli imunuri pasuxis supresiis gamo, romlebis muSaobs imunuri efeqtori ujredebis stimulirebiT da klavs virus-inficirebul ujredebs da amrigad akontrolebs virusul infeqcias.”

  13. 12. maimunis yvavili (iv) “…Semdeg maT aCvenes, rom es Seqmnili maimunis yvavilis virusi bevrad ufro virulenturi iyo, vidre mSobeli virusi da klavda Tagvebis 60%, im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac Tagvebi genetikurad rezistentul Stams ganekuTvnebodnen. kidev ufro moulodneli iyo maTi dakvirveba, rom Tagvebi, romlebic vaqcinirebuli da srulad rezistentulebi iyvnen mSobeli virusis mimarT, …kvdebodnen IL-4 gen-eqspresirebuli virusisagan.”

  14. 13. maimunis yvavili (v) “zogma igrZno, ro,m am statiis gamoqveyneba teroristebs miscems ruqas yvavilis virusis ufro virulenturi stamis bioinJineriiT Seqmnisaken, romelic gaumklavdeba adamianis imunur sistemas, maTsac ki, vinc vaqcinirebulia …. iyo SeTavazeba, rom an statia ar unda gamoqveynebuliyo, an sul cota “masalebisa da meTodebis seqcia” …unda SeecvalaT an sruliad gamoetovebinaT gamoqveynebul statiaSi…”

  15. 14. maimunis yvavili (vi) mizezebi publikaciisaTvis? “…pirveli, codna am eqsperimentis Sesaxeb samecniero sazogadoebas saSualebas aZlevs gaigon, rogor SeiZleba ajobon amgvar genuri inJineriiT Seqmnil virusebs…” “…meored, is gvTavazobs, rom Cven mzad unda viyoT amgvari genuri inJineriiT Seqmnil virusebiT gamowveuli infeqciebis samkurnalod, romelTac aqvT antisxeulebi, romlebic axdens Sesabamisi citokinebis inaqtivacias, gama interferoniT, romelic daamarcxebs IL-4 - s, an oriveTi…”

  16. 15. poliovirusis sinTezi (i) “yimerma kolegebTan erTad moaxsena, rom maT qimiurad sinTeZirebuli oligonukleotidebidan seqmnes poliovirusi maTi erTmaneTTan dakavSirebiTa da SemdgomSi ujredSi canergviT. am ambavma sainformacio saSualebebis didi yuradReba miipyro da mosaxleobis nawilSi SeSfoteba gamoiwvia….aman…mosaxleoba daafiqra bioterorizmis sesaxeb, radgan fiqrobdnen, ro uimerma teroristebs miawoda recepti virusis dasamzadeblad…”

  17. 16. poliovirusis sinTezi (ii) “mravalma mecnierma daaskvna, rom uimeris eqsperimenti arc axali aRmoCena iyo, da arc potenciur safrTxes Seicavda. zogadi principi, rom SeiZleba cocxali poliovirusis Seqmna dnm-is safuZvelze jer kidev 1981 wels iyo cnobili, rodesac baltimorma kolegebTan erTad moaxsena, rom xelsayrel pirobebSi SesaZlebelia poliovirusis genomis rnm-is dadebiT jaWvze agebuli dnm-is aslis ujredSi Canergva, da Sedegad kafsulirebuli infeqciuri virusis miReba…”

  18. 17. poliovirusis sinTezi (iii) “Cven gavaumjobeseT meTodika, da zalian SevamcireT sinTeturi oligonukleotidebisadan dnm-is 5-6 kb segmentebis zustad awyobisaTvis saWiro dro. rogorc testi am meTodikisaTvis, Cven davadgineT qimiurad sinTezirebuli oligonukleotidebis ubralo nakrebisagan baqteriofagis  X174 (5,386 bp) sruli infeqciuri genomis swrafad (14 dReSi) awyobis pirobebi …”

  19. 18. gripis virusi (iv) “A gripi iwvevs swrafad gavrcelebad epidemiebs, vinaidan is adamianidan adamianze aerozolis saxiT advilad gadadis. ukanasknelma movlenebma aCvena A gripis virusis, rogorc bioteroristuli iaraRis potenciali”: hong kongSi 1997 wels gavrcelebuli A gripis virusis maRali virulentoba da helperi virusis gareSe dnm-is transfeqciiT A gripis virusis Seqmnis laboratoriuli meTodebi…”

  20. 19. yvavilis virusis virulentoba (i) “Variola majorvirusi iwvevs yvavils, romlis sikvdiloba aris 30 - 40%, xolo vacciniavirusi, romelic adamianebis yvavilis winaaRmdeg vaqcinirebisaTvis gamoiyeneba, imunokompetentur adamianebSi sikvdils ar iwvevs….orive viruss gaaCnia imunuri pasuxis fermentebis inhibitori - vaqcinia virusis komplementis kontrolis cila (vaccinia virus complement control protein - VCP) da yvavilis virusis komplementis kontrolis cila (smallpox inhibitor of complement enzymes - SPICE). avtorebma yuradreba gaamaxviles am inhibitoris genebis Sedarebaze…”

  21. 20. yvavilis virusis virulentoba (ii) “…vinaidan cocxali variolaZnelad Sesaswavlia, maT gamoiyenes SPICE genis sinTezis standartuli meTodika. maT aRm,oaCines, rom variola–s adamianis komplementisadmi specifiurobis ufro maRali xarisxi gaaCnia, da asjer ufro aqtiuria adamianis imunuri sistemis am komponentis inaqtivirebaSi, vidre VCP (adamianis komplementis komponenti -human complement component C3b)…”

  22. sanimuSo SekiTxvebi • eTanxmebiT mezelsonis mosazrebas, rom arsebobs seriozuli safrTxe, rom Tanamedrove sasicocxlo mecnierebebi upiratesad mtruli miznebiT iqneba gamoyenebuli? Tu eTanxmebiT, ra gziT SeiZleba amis Tavidan acileba? Tu ar eTanxmebiT, moiyvaneT Tqveni argumentebi da detalurad ganixileT erTi maTgadni.. 2. ganixileT maimunis yvavilis eqsperimenti. unda gamoqveyndes es naSromi samecniero literaturaSi? moiyvaneT argumentebi Tqveni Sexedulebis dasasabuTeblad. 3. “vimeris mier poliovirusis sinTezi ar iyo ormagi daniSnulebis problemuri kvlevis magaliTi. imsjeleT. 4. SeiZleba gripis virusi gamoyenebuli iyos, rogorc bioterorizmis/ biologiuri saomari saSualebis seriozuli agenti?

  23. wyaroebi (slaidi2) National Research Council (2004) Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism. Washington: National Academies Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10827&page=15 (slaidi4) National Research Council (2004) Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism. Washington: National Academies Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10827&page=16 (slaidebi 5 da 6) National Research Council (2004) Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism. Washington: National Academies Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10827&page=18 (slaidi 7) Meselson, M (2000) Averting the Hostile Exploitation of Biotechnology, The CBW Conventions Bulletin, June 48, 16-19. Available from http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Units/spru/hsp/pdfbulletin.html

  24. (slaidi 8) National Research Council (2004) Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism. Washington: National Academies Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10827&page=23 (slaidi 9) National Research Council (2004) Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism. Washington: National Academies Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10827&page=25 Jackson, R. J., Ramsay, A. J., Christensen, C. D., Beaton, S., Hall, D. F., and Ramshoaw, I. A. (2001) Expression of Mouse Interleukin-4 by a Recombinant Ectromelia Virus Suppresses Cytolytic Lymphocyte Responses and Overcomes Genetic Resistance to Mousepox. Journal of Virology, 75(3), 1205–1210. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11152493 National Research Council (2004) Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism. Washington: National Academies Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10827&page=25

  25. (slaidebi 12 da 13) National Research Council (2004) Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism. Washington: National Academies Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10827&page=26 (slaidi 14) National Research Council (2004) Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism. Washington: National Academies Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10827&page=27 Bembridge, G. P., Lopez, J. A., Cook, R., Melero, J. A., and Taylor, G.. (1998) Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Coexpressing the F Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Does Not Inhibit the Development of RSVSpecific Memory Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes, whereas Priming Is Diminished in the Presence of High Levels of IL-2 or Gamma Interferon, Journal of Virology 72(5):4080-7. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9557697 Parker, S., Touchette, E., Oberle, C., Almond, M., Robertson, A., Trost, L. C., Lampert, B., Painter, G., and Buller, R. M.(2008) Efficacy of Therapeutic Intervention with an Oral Etherlipid Analogue of Cidofovir (CMX001) in a Lethal Mousepox Model. Antiviral Research 77(1):39-49. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17904231

  26. (slaidi 15) National Research Council (2004) Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism. Washington: National Academies Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10827&page=27 Wimmer, E. (2007) The Test-Tube Synthesis of a Chemical Called Poliovirus, EMBO Reports Special Issue 7, 3-9. Available from http://www.nature.com/embor/journal/v7/n1s/full/7400728.html Cello, J., Paul, A. V., and Wimmer, E. (2002) Chemical Synthesis of Poliovirus cDNA: Generation of Infectious Virus in the Absence of Natural Template, Science 297(5583), 1016 – 1018. Available from http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1072266 (Slide 16) National Research Council (2004) Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism. Washington: National Academies Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10827&page=28

  27. (slaidi 17) Smith, H. O., Hutchison, C. A., Pfannkoch, C., and Venter, J. C. (2003) Generating a Synthetic Genome by Whole Genome Assembly: _X174 Bacteriophage from Synthetic Oligonucleotides, PNAS, 100(26), 15440–15445. Available from http://www.pnas.org/ Tian, J., Gong, H., Sheng, N., Zhou, X., Gulari, E., Gao, X., and Church, G.. (2004) Accurate multiplex gene synthesis from programmable DNA microchips, Nature, 432(23/30). Available from http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v432/n7020/full/nature03151.html (slaidi 18) Krug, M. R. (2003) The Potential Use of Influenza Virus as an Agent for Bioterrorism, Antiviral Research 57, 147-150 Available from http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/521852/description#description (slaidi 19) Rosengard, A. M., Liu, Y., Nie, Z., and Jimenez, R. (2002) Variola virus immune evasion design: Expression of a highly efficient inhibitor of human complement, PNAS, 99(13), 8808–8813 Available from http://www.pnas.org/

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