rusTvelologia #№ 5 - TSU

SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis 

instituti 

rusTvelologia 

#№ 5 

Tbilisi 

2008-2009 

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saredaqcio sabWo: 

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maka elbaqiZe 

elguja xinTibiZe 

baCana bregvaZe 

griver farulava 

saredaqcio kolegia: 

revaz siraAZe (redaqtori) 

lia kariWaSvili (pasuxismgebeli mdivani) 

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mariam karbelaSvili 

Tamar xvedeliani 

kompiuteruli uzrenvelyofa: 

TinaTin duglaZe 

redaqciis misamarTi: 0108, Tbilisi, merab kostavas q. # 5 

tel. 99-53-00; E-mail: litinst@litinstituti.ge 

ISBN 

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sarCevi 

`vefxistyaosnis~ saxismetyveleba 


`vefxistyaosnis~ astraluri simbolikis erTi aspeqti 

(nestanisa da TinaTinis saxeTa mimarTebiT)........................................... 

boris darCia 

komikuri `vefxistyaosanSi~......................................................................... 


universumis mTlianobisa da silamazis sadidebeli........................... 

komparativistuli Ziebani 

lia gugunava 

sulieri zeaRsvlis zogierTi momenti `hamletsa~ da 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ 

(`vefxistyaosani~ rogorc filosofiuri Janris poema).................... 


miviwyebuli warsulis saidumlo. II 

(vefxistyaosani da filasteri)................................................................... 

miTologiuri Ziebani 


Wis siRrme – gza kaTarzisisa....................................................................... 

Tanamedrove literaturis esTetikuri Teoriebi da 

`vefxistyaosani~ 

lia kariWaSvili 

`vefxistyaosani“ postmodernuli TvalTaxedviT............................... 

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4 

rusTvelologiis istoriidan 


`yovelman qarTvelman icis, ra aris wigni `vefxis tyaosani~............. 

manana kvataia 

`mcire mosakiTxi SoTa rusTavels: `msgavsi Tqveni 

ramca meZRvna..~................................................................................................. 

rusTvelis ikonografia 

Llali osefaSvili 

SoTa rusTavelis erTi portreti.............................................................. 

Tvalsazrisi 

xvTiso zariZe 

Tbilisis anarekli `vefxistyaosanSi~...................................................... 

mwerlis arqividan 

manana kakabaZe 

polikarpe kakabaZis arqivi 

masalebi tragediisaTvis `Tamari~............................................................. 

bibliografia 

rusTvelologiuri literatura 2007 

(Seadgina lia kariWaSvilma)................................................................................


`vefxistyaosnis~ saxismetyveleba 

`vefxistyaosnis~ astraluri simbolikis erTi aspeqti 

(nestanisa da TinaTinis saxeTa mimarTebiT) 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ astralur samyaros arerTgvarovani datvirTva 

aqvs. mnaTobebi, maTi Sexvedra-ganSoreba, varskvlavni, 

etlni da `miwyiv mbrunavi ca~, esa Tu is movlena, astrologiur 

SexdulebebTan erTad, esTetikuri daTvirTviTac warmoCindeba, 

rac samecniero literaturaSi araerTgzisaa aRniSnuli (v. nozaZe, 

z. avaliSvili, e, xinTibiZe, m. mamacaSvili, d. qumsiSvili da a.S.) 

poemaSi gadmocemulia mTvarisa da ciskris varskvlavis` 

TanaSesworeba“, maTi Sexvedra-ganSorebis erTi epizodi, romelsac 

simboluri datvirTva aqvs. nestan-TinaTinis gayris suraTSi 

qalTa èrTmanerTis dadficobisa“ da sityviT mindobis (`sityvisa 

gamondobilni~) aRniSvniT, rusTavelis mier mkveTradaa xazgasmuli 

maTi sworferoba: 

èrTmanerTisa gayrilni qalni ornive, dobilni, 

erTmanerTisa dadficni, sityvisa gamondobilni~ (1563).* 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ maTi daSoreba umtkivneules, tragikulobamde 

miwevnul gancdadaa qceuli. yoveli sityva, yoveli Jesti 

cremlnarevi mwuxarebiTaa gajerebuli: `mkerdiTa mkerdsa 

Sekrulni, yeliTa gardaWdobilni~ (1563) dobilni `vardsa swebven 

da apoben, tiran da cremlni Cadian~ (1565). erTmaneTs `Semecnebuli~ 

nestan-TinaTini Sordebian; èrT sul da erT xorc~ myofobis 

darRveva, siSoris daTmena maTi Sinagani wvisa da dnobis gamomwvev 

mizezad iqceva: 

`nestan-darejan Tqva: `netamc yola ar Segmecnebodi, 

mzisa gamyreli gayriTa aw asre ar davWnebodi. 

ambavsa scnevdi, macnevdi, wigniTa meubnebodi, 

da viTa me SenTvis damwvar var, agrev Sen CemTvis sdnebodi~ 

(1566). 

* SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~, al. baramiZis , g. wereTlisa, s. caiSvilis red., Tb., 

1988, SemdgomSi citatebi moyvanili iqneba amave redaqciidan. 

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am pasaJSi yuradrebas iqcevs nestanis sityvebi, sadac aRniSnulia, 

rom TinaTinTan ganSoreba misTvis mze-tarielis gayraze 

ufro mtkivneulia. analogiuri gancda Cans tariel-avTandilis 

pirveli Sexvedrisas, sadac avTandili gamoTqvams msgavs azrs: 

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àma dReman damaviwya, guli Cemi vin dabinda; 

damigdia samsaxuri misi, iqmnas, raca ginda; 

iagundi egreca sjobs, aTasjermca mina minda; 

da Sen geaxlo sikvdilamdis, amis meti ara minda!~ (295) 

TinaTinic analogiuri simZafriT ganicdis dobilTan gayras 

da mas sikvdilis tolfasad aRiqvams: 

`RmrTisagan dReTa Txovisa nacvlad sikvdili vinebo~ (1567). 

amgvari siyvaruli, megobroba da grZnobaTa siwrfele mxolod 

sworferi adamianebis xvedria da umaRles idealTa sferos 

ganekuTvneba. qalTa damSvidobebis epizodSi sivrcec damuxtulia 

grZnobaTa da emociaTa simZafriT. rusTaveli, Cveuli xerxiT, 

`mWvretelTac~ ganacdevinebs personaJTa sulieri samyaros 

mTel dramatizms da maTSi adekvaturi simZafris emociur ganwyobas 

badebs: `.. maTTa mWvretelTa gulnica esxnes wrTobilni~ 

(1563), `da maTad saWvretlad mWvretelman, xams, Tavi iqedgorosa“ 

(1564), `da maTTa gamyrelTa yovelTa sicocxle ar iqadian~ (1565). 

rusTavelisTvis TiTqos ar aris sakmarisi nestan-TinaTinis gan- 

Sorebis simZafris miwieri gansaxovnebiT warmoCena. am `mSvenier 

sulTa kavSiris“ masStaburobis saCveneblad igi kosmiur sivrces 

mimarTavs, zeciur samyaroSi gadaaqvs da astrologiuri kanonzomierebiT 

cdilobs mis axsnas: 

`mTvare ciskrisa varskvlavsa, ra Tana Seesworosa, 

orive sworad naToben, mohSordes, moeSorosa, 

ara Tu igi moSordes, marT caman moaSorosa~ (1564). 

aq mTvarisa da ciskris varskvlavis `TanaSesworeba~-gan- 

Soreba simbolurad nestan-TinaTinis Sexvedra-ganSorebas gulisxmobs. 

gmirTa Seyra-ganSoreba, wesisamebr, ara sakuTari nebasurviliT, 

aramed cis meSveobiT xdeba. v. nozaZis azriT (nozaZe 

1957), aq astronomiul movlenaze, ucvleli cis trialzea saubari, 

romelic varskvlavTa _ nestanisa da TinaTinis _ daSorebis 

mizezia.

RvTisagan Seqmnil mnaTobTa msgavsad, `maTadve saxed, romelsa 

eseni daubadian~ (1565), gmirTa beds RvTiuri gangeba gansaz- 

Rvravs da ara pirovnuli neba: ìgive gahyris, siSore ara Tu nebiT 

swadian~ (1565). aqac, ise viT `vefxistyaosnis~ sxva epizodebSi, 

RmerTis ganmgeblobaSia yvelaferi, rogorc mnaTobni, aseve adamianTa 

cxovreba, rac mekobreebze gamarjvebuli avTandilis sityvebSia 

gacxadebuli: 

`ymaman uTxra: madli RmerTsa, Semoqmedsa, arsTa mxadsa, 

visgan Zalni zecierni ganageben aqa qmnadsa~ (1046). 

`...plotinma, winaaRmdeg uZvelesi qaldeuri da stoikosebis 

sistematizebuli astrologiisa, mnaTobebs waarTva pirvelmizezis 

mniSvneloba da ubralod gaRmerTebuli niSnebis roli mianiWa 

.... am axali Sexedulebis mixedviT mnaTobebi warmoadgenen ubralo 

sarkeebs, romlebic aireklaven RvTaebriv fiqrs da azrs. mnaTobTa 

astrologiuri poziciebi da urTierTobebi ganixileba rogorc 

RvTaebrivi naweri. astrologiis, rogorc mecnierebis, amocanaa 

amokiTxva am RvTaebrivi nawerisa da am amokiTxvis SesaZlebloba 

STagonebulia TviTon RvTaebis mier~ (xinTibiZe 1975: 74). 

rusTavelis mier fsiqologiurad datvirTuli zemoaRniSnuli 

pasaJi saocari uSualobiTa da sinatifiTaa gadmocemuli. 

poeti gmirTa ukidegano mwuxarebis Tanamonawile da Tanaganmcdelia. 

misi sityva ver itevs ganSorebis tragizms, uZluria moyvasis 

siyvarulis tkivilis gadmosacemad. igi mxolod sulierebiTaa 

SesagrZnobi da gasaTavisebeli. amitomac rusTaveli agiografTa 

Teoriuli principis kvalobaze, dasZens, rom Tqmuli mxolod 

meaTedia, `naaTalia~, rom nestan-TinaTinis ganSorebis aRwera da 

gadmocema misi didi survilic rom iyos, SeuZlebelia: 

`rome mwaddes, ver davweren me sityvani naaTalni~ (1568), 

_ ambobs poeti da eniTuTqmel grZnobaTa wvdomas mkiTxvelis sulierebas 

miandobs. 

nestan-TinaTinis saxeTa simboluri mimarTeba mTvare-ciskris 

varskvlavTan garkveul asrtologiur Sexeduerbebs emyareba. 

mTvare dedamiwasTan yvelaze axlos myofi mnaTobia da pirvel 

cas ekuTvnis. igi astrologiurad siyvarulSi Semwe, mijnurTa 

mfarveli, mowyale mnaTobia; mTvare, `dedamiwaze sicocxlis mimcemi 

da gamaZlierebeli _ Tavisi vsebis dros cocxal arsebaTa 

yvela cxovelmyofeli Zalebis aRmavlobasac iwvevs, maT Soris 

siyvarulis Zalisasac. aqedan warmodgeba mTvaris aRniSvna, ro- 

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gorc siyvarulis `senis~ gamomwvevisa~ (nozaZe 1957: 532). 

avTandilis mTvarisadmi vedrebac am mnaTobis astrologiur 

bunebas efuZneba da siyvarulis senis, misi daTmenis Zalis mimcemi, 

mijnurTa Suamavali da mSvenierebis mimniWebelia: 

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`mTvaresa etyvis: ìfice saxeli RmrTisa Senisa! 

Sen xar momcemi mijnurTa mijnurobisa senisa, 

Sen gaqvs wamali misisa moTminebisa Tmenisa, 

da miaje Seyra pirisa, Sen gamo Senebr mSvenisa!~ (836) 

aspirozi, igive venusi (venera), rigiT mesame mnaTobia da mesame 

cas ekuTvnis. igi, ise viT mTvare, silamazisa da siyvarulis 

planetadaa miCneuli astrologiaSi. `...aspirozi, romeli saxelic 

berZnulia warmoSobiT, igive `varskvlavi~ (mTiebi, aspiroz, 

afrodite) yvelaze brwyinvale mnaTobia cdomilebs Soris. imis 

mixedviT, Tu ra mdgomareobaSia es cdomili orbitaze dedamiwisa 

da mzis mimarT, igi an dasavleTiT kaSkaSebs saRamos, mzis Casvlis 

Semdeg, an aRmosvleTiT gaTenebis win, mzis amosvlemde. amitom 

saxelic ori hqonda, romelTagan erTi berZnulia (àspiroz~), meore 

qarTuli (`mTiebi~)~ (ètlTa da...~ 1975: 8-9). 

aspirozi siyvarulis dedoflad, mSvenierebis saxed, mijnurad, 

mkurnalad da astrologiuri Teologiis RmerTadac moiazreba. 

v. nozaZe aRniSnavs, rom àm dilis varskvlavs, venuss, aspirozs 

qarTulad ciskris varskvlavi, anu ciskari ewodeba. `ciskari~, 

`ciskris varskvlavi~, `karisa varskvlavi~ mas imitom uwodes, 

rom diliT igi mzeze adre amodis da amgvarad, cis kars aRebs mzis 

aRmosavlisaTvis. ai, swored am saxeliTac vxvdebiT venuss (venera) 

vefxistyaosanSi~ (nozaZe 1957: 81). dilis venusi Zvel saberZneTSi 

omis diac RmerTad miaCndaT, saRamosi ki _ siyvarulis. 

`vefxistyaosnis~ mixedviT, avTandilis mnaTobTadmi vedrebaSi 

aspirozi astrologiuri Sexedulebis kvalobazea warmoCenili 

– siyvarulis dammowmebeli, gaxelebisa da `cecxlTa Sretis~, 

silamazis, mSvenierebis mimniWebeli: 

`modi, aspiroz, marge ra, man damwva cecxlTa dagiTa, 

vin margalitsa gareSe moscavs Zowisa bagiTa; 

Sen daaSveneb keklucTa daSvenebiTa magiTa, 

da visme Cemebrsa daagdeb, gahxdi cnobiTa SmagiTa~ (658). 

nizami ganjelis `leili da majnunSi~ majnuni, avTandilis 

darad, mnaTobebs evedreba, maT Soris zuxra-aspirozs, romelic 

mefeTaTvis gamarjvebis mimniWebeli, bednierebis mpyrobeli,

`sixarulis mZebneli lampari~, `keTili da naTeli~, bed-iRblis 

kliteTa mpyrobelia: 

`he, gvirgvinosanTa beWedis beWedo, 

qalbatono, ufalo didebis sasaxlisa, 

he, saamo sulo, sunTqvav RvTiuri azrisa, 

Seni saqcieli ambrisaebri im xalxisas hgavs, 

sunnels rom amzadebs~ (nizami 1972: 73). 

majnuni mas imedis karis gaRebas, wyalobis miniWebas, mijnurisagan 

cnobis mitanas emudareba. 

Sua saukuneebis ebraeli poeti iuda halevi leqsSi `wuxel 

mezmane eha, sebia~ RvTaebrivi ZalmosilebiT Semkul, gamarjvebis 

momtan da gzis maCvenebel winamZRvrad saxavs aspirozs: 

`wuxel mezmane, eha, sebia, Tma Segmosoda 

ucxo ariliT, 

win aspirozi mogiZRveboda 

sxiv SemarTuli winamZRvariviT~ 

(`SroSani ReleTa~ 1994: 143). 

iuda halevis leqsSi _ `Jamgadasuli siyvarulis sagalobeli~ 

_ aspirozi siyvarulis, imedis, realobisa Tu `sicxadisken 

ukuSeqceuli~ adamianis maradTanmxlebi, erTguli megzuria: 

`dro ki ar sTmobda ltolvas meyseuls... 

cas erRveoda kalTa CeroTa 

da sicxadisken ukuSeqceuls kvlav aspirozi 

gadmomcqeroda~ (iqve, 152). 

`vefxistyaosnis“ aspirozic xom siyvarulis, tragikulobamde 

miwevnili grZnobis, `sikvdils gaRma gabijebis~ da usazRvro 

imedis dammowmebelia, vedrebis Semasmenelia, mijnurTa saxexatia. 

`vefxistyaosnSi~ mTvarisa da aspirozis astrologiuri da 

esTetikuri datvirTvis warmoCena maTi Seyra-ganSorebis simbolikis 

gaazrebis safuZvelia. mTvare da ciskris varskvlavi Tanaswori 

siZlieriT naToben, roca cis TaRze erTmaneTs gauswordebian, 

erT xazze dadgebian. amdenad, rusTaveli nestan-TinaTinis 

sworferobas astrologiuri movlenis, mTvare-aspirozis `sworad 

naTebis~, kvalobaze gvimJRavnebs: 

òrive sworad naToben, mohSordes, moeSorosa~ (1564). 

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mTvarisa da ciskris varskvlavis `TanaSesworeba~-ganSorebis 

simbolur epizodSi (rusTavelis naTqvamidan gamomdinare _ 

`maTadve saxed, romelsa eseni daubadian~, 1565), SesaZloa, mTvared 

nestani, xolo ciskris varskvlavad TinaTini vigulisxmoT. 

mTvaris saxebaSi nestanis moazrebis uflebas momdevno strofi 

iZleva: `mzisa gamyreli gayriTa aw asre ar davWnebodi~ (1566). 

safiqrebelia, rom nestani Tavis Tavs mzisagan gayril, `damWnar~ 

planetas adarebdes, romelSic, poemis mixedviT, TiTqmis yovelTvis 

mcxrali, daleuli mTvarea nagulisxmevi. taepSi yuradRebas 

ipyrobs erTi garemoeba: Tu mTvare-nestani moSordeba mze-tariels, 

astrologiis kvalobaze, unda gaivsos, Tu axlos miva, daileva 

da `daWneba~: 

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`mTvare mzesa moeSorvos, moSorveba gaanaTlebs, 

ra eaxlos, Suqi daswvavs, gaeyrebis, ver iaxlebs~ (828); 

`mzesa mTvare Seeyaros dailevis, da-ca-Wnebis~ (126). 

amdenad, rusTaveli am strofSi astrologiur Sexedulebas 

ar mihyveba. nestanis sityvebSi tariel-mzesTan da dobil-Tina- 

TinTan gayra mxolod adamianuri gancdis, SeWirvebis konteqstiT 

SeiZleba aixsnas, rac poemaSi araerTgzis `Suq-namkrTali~ mTvaris 

simboloTia gadmocemuli: `gviTxar, ra aris wamali mTvarisa 

Suq-namkrTalisa?~ (1153), `munamdis mTvare Suq-krTomiT jdes, 

mzisa moSorvebuli~ (1181) da `lurjad sCans Suqi mTvarisa, mzisagan 

SuqnakrTomisa~ (1341). Tu winamdebare strofs movixmobT da 

TinaTins ciskris varskvlavad moviazrebT, romelic mTvaris Tanaswori 

naTebiT brwyinavs da misi ganuyreli mxlebelia, am SemTxvevaSic 

mnaTobis astrologiuri `gayra~ da `daWnoba~ nestanis 

Sinagani samyaros, misi sulieri mdgomareobis, tkivilisa da mwuxarebis 

gamomxatveli iqneba. mnaTobTa Seyra- ganSorebis epizodSi 

mTvare-nestans Seyrili TinaTini ki aspirozobs. Tu `leili da majnunis~ 

mnaTobTa astrologiur bunebas davesesxebiT, aspirozi 

gamarjvebuli mefe TinaTinis gvirgvinia, bednierebis mimniWebeli 

da mowme, misi `keTili da naTeli~ bedis gaciskrovnebuli varskvlavi; 

gvirgvinosani TinaTini ciskris varskvlavis `saamo sulis~ 

sworferia, `RvTiuri azris sunTqvis~ gansxeulebaa, mTiebi ki 

RvTisgan boZebuli uZvirfasesi beWedia misi aRmatebulebis be- 

WedTa Soris. 

poemaSi ciskris varskvlavi, aspirozi, kidev erTxel gamobrwyindeba 

da am SemTxvevaSi _ nestanTan mimarTebiT. qajeTis 

laSqari roca melq-surxavs gamoqceul nestans SeefeTa, misma 

gansacvifrebelma mSvenierebam araerTgvarovani aRqma gamoiwvia

mnaxvelebSi: `zogTa vTqviT: aris ciskari; zogTa Tqves: ars mTvareo...~ 

(1222). am taepis mixedviT, rusTaveli nestanis mSvenierebis, 

naTelmosili didebulebis saCveneblad mTvarisa da ciskris 

varskvlavis brwyinvalebas iSveliebs, romelnic Seyrisas `sworad 

naToben~ da, amdenad, qajTa razmsac uWirs maTi mkveTrad garCeva. 

es astrologiuri simbolo kvlavac gasaWirSi Cavardnili siyvarulis 

– nestanis _ xorcieli da sulieri bunebis saCvenebladaa 

moxmobili da mefe-qalTa sworferobis, saxeTa msgavsebis kidev 

erTi damamowmebelia. mTvarisa da aspirozis astrologiuri buneba 

nestanisa da TinaTinis, viTarca siyvarulis, mSvenierebis, mijnurobis 

gamomwvevi senis da imavdroulad `moTminebisa Tmenis~ 

mflobelTa, saxeebSi airekleba. 

Sua saukuneebis ebraeli poetebi aspirozs, astrologiur 

datvirTvasTan erTad, mxatvruli gansaxovnebiT ametyveleben. 

Samuel hanagidi `zesTa krebulis~ didebasa da zeciuri taZrebis 

aRdgenil cxovrebas, rac ciskris galobad aRiqmeba, mzesTan er- 

Tad gaciskrovnebuli aspiroziT asuraTxatebs: 

`vaSad aRiZra zesTa krebuli, caTa taZrebSi 

aRsdga cxovreba, 

cargvals mze eltvis aciskrebuli, 

mzes – 

aspirozi eciskrovneba~ (`SroSani ReleTa~ 1994: 38). 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ nestan-TinaTinis aspirozi mze-mTvares- 

Tan erTad aciskrovnebs `miwyiv mnrunav cas~ da adamianTan mimar- 

TebiT (nestan-TinaTinis saxebaSi) aJRerebs cis harmonia-sagalobels. 

aspirozi simbolurad cis jildod aRiqmeba moSe ibn ezras 

leqsSi `xma meufisa Semezraxeba...~ – 

`Tundac drom damdos Tvisi beWedi, 

cam samklaurad momces aspiroz, 

qveS ganmifinos ca da qveSeTi 

mze diademad gardmomasxivos...~ (iqve, 114) 

aq mze-aspirozis diadema-samklaurad gancda didebulebis, 

gamorCeulobis Cvenebas emsaxureba, zeciur jildod moiazreba. 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ nestan-TinaTini da mze-aspiroz–mTvare erTmaneTiT 

mSvenoben, naTelmosilebis, miuwvdomlobis, amaRlebulobis 

ZaliT msgavsoben da SeTavsebulan. 

v. nozaZe `vefxistyaosanSi~ venus-aspiroz-ciskris gamoyenebas 

drois aRmniSvnelad, siyvarulisa da silamazis simbolod 

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miiCnevs. yovelive zemoaRniSnuli gvafiqrebinebs, rom rusTavelis 

mier aspiroz-ciskris varskvlavis moxmoba nestan-TinaTinis 

sworferobis Cvenebas emsaxureba, rasac mefe-qalTa ara marto 

xorcieli buneba, sulieri Tanaziaroba qmnis da Sinagani samyaros 

sisavseobis mimaniSnebelia. 

mnaTobTa astrologiur-simboluri datvirTvis Seswavlisas 

yuradReba miipyro erTma garemoebam – `vefxistyaosnis~ mTavar 

gmirTagan yvelaze xSirad nestania mTvared xmobili, mnaTobis 

astrologiuri Tu esTetikuri funqciuri datvirTvisda miuxedavad. 

samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom `vefxistyaosanSi~ 

mTvares, viTarca nestanis saxe-xats, umeteswilad esTetikuri 

datvirTva aqvs da gmiris mSvenierebis, brwyinvalebis, 

sisavseobisa da `SuqkrTomis~ warmoCenas emsaxureba. poemaSi 

nestanis mTvaris saxebad mometebul aRqmas, albaT, am planetis 

astrologiuri mniSvnelobac ganapirobebs. mTvaris ara marto es- 

Tetikuri gancda (Ramis Tvali, lamazi, momxibvleli, mSvenierebis 

mimniWebeli), aramed misi astrologiuri bunebis niSnebi (qveynis 

sicocxlis gamrige, siyvarulis mimniWebeli, siyvarulSi Semwe, 

mkurnali, rac avTandilis locvaSicaa warmoCenili) nestanis saxeSi 

vlindeba. Tavad nestania siyvaruli, tarielis sicocxlis mimcemi, 

mkurnali (`Seve, vnaxe igi mTvare; Wirman yovlman ukumridna~, 

518), `moTminebis Tmenis~ meufe, `Suq-monavani~, `Suq-krTomili~ 

da `gavsili~. Tu `vefxistyaosnis“ siuJets Tvals gavadevnebT, 

SevniSnavT, rom gansacdelSi Cavardnili Tu mwuxarebiT Semosili 

nestanis pirovnebis saCveneblad ciur mnaTobTagan, umeteswilad, 

mTvaris saxe-simboloa gamoyenebuli. 

tarieli fridonTanaa da menaveebs gzavnian nestanis 

mosanaxad: 

12 

`mogvinaxon igi mTvare, visTvis Wiri ar gvaklia~ (636); 

fatmani oTx monas eubneba: 

`momiyvaneT isi mTvare, qmeniT kargad, ecadeniT!~ (1130); 

fatman-useni nestans mimarTavs: 

`gviTxar, ra aris wamali mTvarisa SuqnamkrTalisa?~ (1154); 

meliq-sulxavi nestans Tavisi ZisaTvis saxavs: 

`da munamdis mTvare SuqkrTomiT jdes, mzisa moSorvebuli~ . 

(1181) ;

tarieli mefe-dedofalTan TaTbiris Semdeg nestanis naxvisas 

ambobs: 

`Seve, vnaxe igi mTvare ...~ (518) ; 

fridoni dainaxavs navSi myof nestans: 

`da mTvare ujda kidobansa ...~ (623) ; 

tarieli fridonisgan moismens ra ùcxo da sakvirvel~ ambavs, 

ambobs: 

ìgi mTvare Cemi iyo, miT medebis cecxli mdagad~ (629) ; 

nestani tariels qajeTidan swers: 

`Senman mzeman, uSenosa arvis mixvdes mTvare Seni~ (1298). 

rusTaveli mTvaris simboloTi nestanis SeWirvebis warmoCenas 

ufro aRrmavebs da astrologiur-miTologiur suraTs qmnis, 

sadac `gavsebuli mTvare~ nestania, gveli ki – boroteba, ukeTureba. 

meliq-surxavis sasaxlidan Tavdaxsnis Semdeg rusTaveli dasZens: 

`da darCa mTvare gvelisagan gavsebuli, CaunTqmeli~ (1194). 

msgavsi Sedareba kidev erTxel meordeba nestanis qajTa 

molaSqreTagan datyvevebisas: 

`da ra sabraloa gavsili mTvare, CanTqmuli gvelisa!~ (1226). 

nestanis bedsa Tu ubedobas `gavsebuli mTvaris~ gvelisagan 

CanTqma-CaunTqmelobiT warmoaCens. msgavsi miTologiuri suraTia 

Seqmnili `visramianSi~, mxolod aq mTvares mze enacvleba, 

gvels – veSapi, arsi ki ucvlelia. 

moabadisagan gaSvebuli visi eubneba ZiZas, rom Sahros gadasces: 

`veSapisagan mze daexsna, bedsa sviansa missa gaeRviZa da 

momarTa Tavisa gvarsa patiosanman Tvalman, raTgan RmerTma 

moabadisagan gvixsna, viTamca yovelTa WirTagan xsnil var-Tqo~ 

(`visramiani~ 1988 : 96). 

veSapisagan CanTqmul mzed moiazrebs Tavs ramini da visis 

Tavis gancdebsa da mdgomareobas aRuwers: òdiTgan Sengan mo- 

Sorebul var, Senman mzeman, viTarca veSapisa pirsa Sigan yofil 

13

var patimrad da guli uSenobisa WiriTa amivsia~ (iqve,, 249). amdenad, 

`visramianis~ mixedviT, veSapisagan CanTqmuli mze, zogadad, 

SeWirvebuli mijnuris saxea. TxzulebaSi mzis veSapisagan CanTqma 

sikvdilsac aRniSnavs. raminis Zmis gardacvalebasTan dakavSirebiT 

naTqvamia: `mze veSapman ugrZneulod CanTqa~ (iqve, 314). 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ mTvaris gvelisagan CanTqma, `visramianis~ 

am pasaJisgan gansxvavebiT, sikvdils ar gulisxmobs. rusTaveli 

mxolod erTxel iyenebs mzis veSapisagan `dabnelebas~ : fatmani da 

useni cdiloben, gaarkvion nestanis vinaoba, misi gasaWiri, amaod. 

14 

`da mze veSapsa daebnela, zeda raTmca gagviTenda!~ 

– ambobs fatmani (1154). 

rusTaveli, rogorc Cans, nestanis mdgomareobis saCveneblad 

aqac saguldagulod arCevs mzisa Tu mTvaris saxebas. fatmanusenTan 

nestani jer kidev safrTxeSi araa Cavardnili da mxneobas 

inarCunebs, magram misi tragikuli siyvaruli veSapisagan mzis dabnelebad 

aRiqmeba. amdenad, am epizodidanac Cans, rom rusTaveli 

mzisa da mTvaris saxe-xatTagan upiratesad am ukanasknels iyenebs 

Savi ridiTa da mwuxarebiT Semosili nestanis sulieri tkivilis 

saCveneblad. rusTavelis mier gavsebuli mTvaris gveleSapisagan 

CanTqma-CaunTqmelobis xazgasma da ganmeoreba araa SemTxveviTi. 

igi erTgvarad gvamzadebs am mxatvruli suraTis axali Sinaarsobrivi 

datvirTvis warmosaCenad, sadac udidesi mwuxareba – tragiz-mi 

Seudarebel sixarulad iqceva, rac borotebaze sikeTis gamarjvebis 

mauwyebelia: 

`naxes, mzisa Sesayrelad gamoeSva mTvare gvelsa~ (1414). 

am mxatvrul suraTTan dakavSirebiT r. siraZe wers: `mzisa da 

mTvaris Seyra friad maRalmxatvruli saxea. mTeli es metaforuli 

suraTi rusTavels qarTuli miTosidan aqvs aRebuli. xalxuri 

rwmeniT, roca mTvare mcxralia, roca mas naTeli akldeba, gveleSapsa 

hyavs Sepyrobili. wminda giorgi midis, gveleSaps amarcxebs 

da mTvares aTavisuflebs... es ambebi rusTavelis metaforul 

striqonebSi pirdapir araa Tqmuli, magram igulisxmeba~ (7,49). 

magram, Tu winare metaforul suraTebs gavixsenebT, gvelisagan 

CanTqmuli nestanis metafora `savse mTvarea~. rogorc irkveva, 

rusTaveli miTologiur warmodgenas astralur Sexedulebas 

uTavsebs. cnobilia, rom astrologiurad mTvare mudmivad mzis 

tyveobaSia, mzezea damokidebuli misi naTeba; axlosa Tu Sors myofobiT, 

masTan mimarTebaSi mJRavndeba mTvaris buneba – mcxraloba

Tu savseoba. astrologiuri SinaarsiTa da simbolurad mze-tariels 

moSorebuli mTvare-nestani gavsebulia. `gavsili mTvare~ ki 

sabraloa imdenad, ramdenadac _ tyveobaSi Cavardnili nestani. 

igi indoeTidan gadakargvis Semdeg sulierad ukve `tyvedqmnilia~, 

ganurCevlad imisa, CanTqmulia Tu CaunTqmeli gvelisagan. amasTanave, 

Sinagani fsiqologiuri ganwyobiT, nestani mzes moSorebuli 

mijnuri-mTvarea, mwuxareba-sevdis metyveli, Rame-wyvdiadis naTlis 

mfeneli. 

poemis siuJetze dakvirveba warmoaCens, rom qajeTidan daxsnili 

nestani mzeebr brwyindeba da mwuxarebis, gansacdelis, 

SeWirvebis simbolo _ mTvare ukan ixevs da borotebis damarcxebisa 

da sikeTis gamomzevebisas mas mzis saxe-xati enacvleba. qajeTis 

cixis aRebis Semdeg fridonma da avTandilma `da mas mzesa 

misces salami...~ (1416); maT nestani _ `mze moegeba piriTa turfiTa, 

mocinariTa~ (1417). SemdgomSi ki ìgi mze ujda kubosa da 

asre aroninebdes~ (1488), _ naTqvamia nestanze, rodesac qajeTidan 

daxsnili mihyavT gmirebs. rusTaveli dasZens : `mas hgvandes, 

Tumca samyaros mze ujda Sua mTvareTa~ (1489); fatmans _ `da uxaris 

naxva lomisa da mzisa, xmelTa mnaTisa~ (1427) da a.S. 

poemis mixedviT, nestani fizikuri silamaziT mzecaa, mTvarec 

da yvela mnaTobi erTad (`mTvarisa msgavsi, mzisagan SvenebiT 

verSefrobili~ _ 324; `da mnaTobTa Seni Sexedva tkbilad uCns, 

dasaqadeblad~ _ 1081; `hqondes Svidnive mnaTobni mis mzisa dasadareblad~ 

– 1534 da a. S.). 

teqstze dakvirveba gvaCvenebs, rom rusTavelis mier SemTxveviTobas 

ar warmoadgens ama Tu im mnaTobis moxmoba gmiris mxatvruli 

saxis Sesaqmnelad. mzisa da mTvaris simbolo, rogorc ukve 

aRvniSneT, personaJTa ara marto fizikur silamazes, brwyinvalebasa 

da aRmatebulebas gamoxatavs, aramed maTi Sinagani samyaros, 

emociuri bunebis Cvenebas emsaxureba. amis naTeli magaliTia 

nestanis gaTxovebis TaTbiris Semdgom mijnurTa Seyris epizodi, 

sadac tarielisagan nestanis saxebis aRqma sruliad gansxvavebulia 

manamde arsebuli misi xedvisagan: 

àrca mze hgvanda, arc mTvare ...~ (520) , _ ambobs gmiri. 

am xilvaSi tarielma nestanis manamde ucnobi grZnobad-emociuri 

samyaro Seicno. mis winaSe pirovnuli SeudrekelobiTa da 

axovani suliT aRbeWdili adamianuri, sisxlsavse gancda idga. Cveni 

azriT, mzisa da mTvaris versaxilveli simbolo nestanis sulier 

Zvrasa da boboqar bunebaze mianiSnebs. masSi arc sruli mzeoba 

15

iyo sacnauri da arc `Suq-namkrTali“ an savse mTvaris saxe ixilveboda. 

dRisa da Ramis Sesatyvisi grZnobadi saxeebi nestanis Sinagan 

sivrces aRar msgavsobdnen. mnaTobebi dRidan gaCenisa mihyvebian 

maTTvis RvTisagan dadgenil wess, Cveuli yofidan uecari gadaxveva, 

msgavsi radikaluri gardasaxva maTs bunebas ar axasiaTebs. 

amdenad, aq mnaTobTa astrologiuri buneba ukan ixevs. tarielis 

aRqmaSi nestanis pirovnuli, bunebrivi idilia sadRac gamqraliyo; 

garegnobas, sityvas, bgerasa da Jests uwindeli harmonia dahkargoda, 

amovardniliyo Cveuli kalapotidan da zRvrul, zomier 

saxes gascloda. rusTavelma nestanis amgvar sulier mdgomareobas 

Sesatyvisi mxatvruli saxe mouZebna da mzisa da mTvaris simbolikas 

kontrastuli iersaxisa da bunebis, vefxvis xateba Caenacvla: 

16 

`qve wva, viT kldisa napralsa vefxi pirgamexebuli~ (520). 

zemoaRniSnul taepSi (520) mnaTobni gmiris Sinagani ganwyobis 

amsaxvelni rom arian, amas mowmobs Semdegi taepi: 

ànu mze iyo qveyanad, an mTvare pirgavsebuli~ (536). 

es sityvebi tarielma Tqva maSin, rodesac nestanma irwmuna 

mijnuris erTguleba da gulwrfeli zraxvani. amis Sesatyvisad, 

misi buneba mzisa da mTvaris srulma speqtrma moicva, gmiris 

Sinagani samyaro sawyis mgomareobas daubrunda, `mziani da mTvariani~ 

Seiqna, anu damyarda sruli harmonia, aRdga pirveladi wonasworoba. 

tarielisagan nestanis jerac ucnobi saxe-xatis aRqma 

avTandilisagan TinaTinis pirveli Sexvedris suraTs msgavsobs. 

amirbaris TqmiT: 

ìgi uebro quSad jda, elvisa msgavsad Svenoda; 

da mTvaresa misTa SuqTagan ukuni gardahfenoda~ (122) ; 

èburnes moSliT rideni, fasisa Tqmad saWironi~ (123) ; 

`daRrejiT iyo mjdomare ZoweuliTa ridiTa~ (124). 

tarieli nestanis naxvisas ki ambobs: 

`Seve, vnaxe igi mTvare...~ (518) ; 

èbura moSliT piroqro, me mivec ride romeli, 

-----------------------------------------------------------------da 

cremlisa Rvarsa moecva piri, elvaTa mkrtomeli~ (519). 

rogorc Cans, ruTaveli msgavsi mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobiT 

gvisuraTxatebs nestan-TinaTinis rTul Sinagan samyaros, 

fiqologiur gardasaxvas, rac tariel-avTandilis cnobiereba- 

Si erTgvarovnad aRiqmeba da Zlier emociur zegavlenas axdens

ogorc gmirebze, aseve mkiTxvelze. amdenad, rusTaveli gmirTa 

rTuli bunebis warmoCenisas xazs usvams maT sworferobas, identuri 

gamomsaxvelobiTi StrixebiT migvaniSnebs èrT sul da erT 

xorc~ myofobas. magram imdenad didia rusTavelis èna~, `guli~, 

`xelovaneba~, `goneba~ da RvTiuri `Sewevna~, rom amgvari epizodebis, 

pasaJebisa Tu Strixebis xatvisas msgavsebis dafiqsireba iolad 

ar gveZleva. poemidan rogorc Cans, ganrisxebuli nestanis 

èlvaTa mkrTomel~ xatebaSi mzisa da mTvaris suraTTa monacvleoba 

da vefxvis simbolos SemoWra mxolod tarielis aRqmaSi ar 

cnaurdeba. fatmani da useni mimarTaven nestans: 

`vhkadreT, Tu: `mzeo, saxmili gvedebis Sengan alisa, 

gviTxar, ra aris wamali mTvarisa SuqnamkrTalisa?~ (1153) 

am SemTxvevaSi nestani mzecaa da mTvarec, magram SeWirvebaSi 

Cavardnili qalwulis warmosaCenad `SuqnamkrTal mTvareze~ 

ufroa xazgasma; mze brwyinvalebis xatia, mTvare – Sinagani 

sevdis, mwuxarebisa; magram fatman-usenis warmosaxvaSic, ise viT 

tarielTan, mzisa da mTvaris simbolo aqac fermkrTaldeba da 

maTgan nestani aseve vefxv-avazad ganicdeba: 

`vefxi-avaza pirquSad zis, wyroma ver ugrZeniTa~ (1155). 

roSaqi da misi amala nestanis danaxvisas `dabneulni~ `msjel 

gonebas~ `miscemian~, radgan ver gaarkvies, mze iyo, mTvare Tu 

ciskari mindorSi gabrwyinebuli: 

`vTqviT, Tu: mzea nuTu zeciT CamoWrili zeda da xmelsa!~ 

(1221) ; 

`da zogTa vTqviT: aris ciskari; zogTa Tqves: aris mTvareo~. 

(1222). 

solomonis `qebaTa qebaSi~ mnaTobTa triadas (ciskari-mTvare-mze) 

erTi funqciuri datvirTva aqvs: `vin ars ese, romeli brwyinavs 

viTarca ciskari, Svenier, viTarca mTvare, rCeuli viTarca 

mze, sakvirvel viTarca ganwesebulni~ (qeb. 6,9). aq mzis, mTvarisa 

da ciskris varskvlavis simbolika RvTaebriv mSvenierebas miemar- 

Teba, rusTaveli ki maT adamianuri mSvenierebis gamomxatvel saxexatebad 

aqcevs, rasac adamianis renesansul idealTan mivyavarT. 

ioane RvTismetyvelis `gamocxadebaSi~ ieso qriste Tavs 

ciskris varskvlavs uwodebs: `me, iesom, movavline angelozi Cemi, 

raÁTa giwamos ese yoveli Tquen eklesiaTa. me var Ziri da naTesavi 

daviTisi, varskulavi brwyinvale ganTiadisaÁ ~ (gamocx. 2,16); 

17

siyvarulisa da silamazis mnaTobi qristes siyvarulisa da sulieri 

mSvenierebis ciskris varskvlavad iqca, romelic cis kars 

aRebs WeSmariti mzis amosasvlelad. ciskris varskvlavi qristes 

jildodaa saxeldebuli `gamocxadebis~ sxva monakveTSi; Tiatiris 

angelozisadmi mimarTvaSi ieso misi saqmis dammarxvelsa da gamarjvebuls 

hpirdeba: `da mivsce mas varskulavi igi ganTiadisaÁ~ 

(gamocx. 2,28). 

petre mociquli ciskris varskvlavs WeSmariti rwmenis, sulieri 

naTlis simbolod miiCnevs: `da maqus Cuen umtkicesi sawinaÁswarmetyveloÁ 

sityuaÁ , romel keTilad hyoT, ekrZalneT Tu, 

viTarca sanTelsa mnTebaresa adgilsa Sina wyudiadsa, vidremdis 

dRe ganaTldes da mTiebi aRmobrwyindes gulTa Sina TquenTa~ 

(petr. II, 1,19). 

nestan-TinaTinis saxe-`ferTa“ sulierebaSi SesaZloa, ciskris 

varskvlavis qristologiuri datvirTvac moiazrebodes: 

RvTaebriobisaken mswrafi miwieri siyvaruli, xorcieli da sulieri 

silamaze-mSveniereba maTi adamianuri bunebis Tvisebaa 

da arqetipul saxesTan _ TamarTan – mimarTebiT qristesmieri 

ciskris varskvlavis brwyinvalebis ganfenas, zeciuri jildos 

flobas savsebiT Seesatyviseba. 

àbdulmesiansa~ da `TamarianSi~ warmoCenil Tamaris saxexatSi 

rusTveliseul mefe-qalTa saxe-ideebSi areklili astrologiuri 

samyaros suraTi ixilveba. 

18 

àbdulmesiani~ _ 

`bnel-hyofs yovelTa qveynis mpyrobelTa 

viT mze dahfaravs sxvaTa varskvlavTa~. 

(SavTeli 1964 : 128). 

`Tamariani~ _ 

àra geTnia, ar ageTnia 

mnaTobni, miT vcnen dambnelebare~. 

(CaxruxaZe 1957: 191). 

`vefxistyaosani~ _ asmaTi tariel-avTandils mimarTavs: 

`mzeman dagvwvna da dagdagna cisa mnaTobni zenani!~ (941) 


`mze dauvali, myis da uvali, 

ars mSvidi mnaTi mas zed mowamed~ (SavTeli 1964 : 141); 

`dovlaT-svianad, sufevs mzianad, 

SvidTa mnaTobTa garmozRudviTa~ (iqve, 123).

`Tamariani~ _ 

`Cven vTqvaT: es rad hgav? zecierad hgav 

SvidTa mnaTobTa daSvenebulad~ (CaxruxaZe 1957: 184); 

àrsni mzed gxmoben, Svidni gamkoben... ~ (iqve, 189); 

`samyaro sruli, edems asruli 

Cans SvidTa mnaTTa manaTobeli~ (iqve, 201). 

`vefxistyaosani~ _ arabeTSi Casul nestanze naTqvamia: 

`hqondes Svidnive mnaTobni mis mzisa dasadareblad~ (1534); 

tarielTan meored Sesayrelad mimaval avTandils 

`ra SeuRamdis, varskvlavTa amosvla eamebodis, 

da mas amsgavsebdis, ilxendis, uWvretdis, eubnebodis~. 

(835). 

àbdulmesiani~ _ mamam, Zem da sulma 

`gqmna ciskrad dRisad, mTiebad mzisad, 

varskvlavad cisad, TviT ubindoman~ (SavTeli 1964 : 138). 

`Tamariani~ _ 

ìcis karebiT iciskarebiT 

SenTa brol-vardT zro nafunCevad~ (CaxruxaZe 1957: 196); 

ànu SuqiTa, msgavsad uqiTa 

bnelTa ciskrulad gamaTenali~ (iqve, 203); 

`ciskrob Sen naTlad, brwyinvale sanTlad, 

mTiebni sad yven ganqiqebulad?~ (iqve, 207); 

`sityviTa mrCevsa, elvaTa mrCevsa 

gciskrobs moxedva monaÃmiersa~ (iqve, 215); 

`naelvebiTa, mzisa vnebiTa 

ciskrovnad vxevav Suq-mosiersa~ (iqve, 183). 

mexotbeebi Tamaris mSvenierebis, brwyinvalebis, aRmatebulobis 

saCveneblad cis mTel xomls iSvelieben, rogorc rusTaveli 

– nestan-TinaTinis saxe-`ferTa~ warmosaCenad. 


ègreT inaxis Soris inaÃis, 

viT mze samyaros manaTobeli, 

mTvaris mSvenobiT, ciskris mTenobiT, 

sxiv-mkrTolvarebiT mkamkamebeli~. 

(SavTeli 1964 : 132) 

19

20 

`Tamariani~ _ 

ùkunTa mTeni, mze-mTovar mTeni 

mnaTob – hyofs yovlsa qveyaniersa~ (CaxruxaZe 1957: 213); 

`Tu visca vuqi Seni Ãma-Suqi, 

elv anu mzevad, anu mTvarevad~ (iqve, 194). 

àbdulmesianisa~ da `Tamarianis~ mTeli astrologiuri samyaro 

Tamaris saxe-ideis masStaburobis, RvTaebriobisken mswrafi 

da masTan miwevnuli xatis warmomaCenelia, mefuri brwyinvalebis, 

keTilSobilebis, Zlevamosilebis, sidiadis dammowmebelia. `vefxistyaosanSi~ 

rusTavelis mier `SefarviT naqeb~, ùwyalo jiqis~ 

xatebas ukavSirdeba nestan-TinaTinis saxe-`ferTa~ mTeli sivrce, 

xorcieli da sulieri, miwieri da zeciuri samyaro. RvTis gangebiT 

warmarTul ciur mnaTobebs rusTaveli mefe-qalTa silamazis, 

mSvenierebis, zeaRmatebulebis, sworferobisa da rTuli Sinagani 

samyaros, fsiqologiuri ganwyobis gamosaxatav modusebad aqYcevs, 

rasac, pirdapir Tu iribad, Tamar mefis arqetipul saxesTan 

mivyavarT. poemaSi mze, mTvare, ciskris varskvlavi da cis mTeli 

xomli `maTTvis bndebian~ da maT axovan sulTa sidiades èmowmebian~, 

RvTaebrivi siyvarulisken azidul amqveyniur mijnurobas 

Sestrfian; imavdroulad nestan-TinaTinoben da adamianuri mSvenierebiT 

arian aRbeWdilni. rusTaveli ùTvalavi feriT~ Semkul 

gvirgvinosanT, `saxiTa mismieriTa~ dadgenilT, RvTaebrivi gamonaSuqiT 

_ mnaTobTa `xmatkbili~ da `tkbil-qarTuli~ sagalobliT 

aJRerebs. 

damowmebani: 

axali aRTqumaÁ... ~ 1963: àxali aRTqumaÁ uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristesi~. saka- 

Talikoso sabWos gamocema, efrem II-is kurTxeviT dabeWdili, Tb.: gamomcemloba 

me-4 stamba, medqalaqi, 1963 

ètlTa da...~ 1975: ètlTa da SÂdTa mnaTobTaTÂs~ (astrologiuri Txzuleba 

XII saukunisa). gamosca, winasityvaoba da enobrivi mimoxilva daurTo ak. 

SaniZem, Tb.: Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba, 1975. 

`visramiani~ 1988: `visramiani~. qarTuli mwerloba, III, Tb.: gamomcemloba 

`nakaduli~ , 1988. 

nizami 1972: nizami ganjeli. `leili da majnuni~. m. mamacaSvilis Targmani, werilSi 

_ `galoba SvidTa mnaTobTaTvis nizamis `leili da majnunsa~ da 

`vefxistyaosanSi~. macne (els), 1972. 

nozaZe 1957: nozaZe v. vefxistyaosnis varskvlavTmetyveleba. santiago de Cile: 

1957. 

siraZe 1982: siraZe r. saxismetyveleba. Tb.: gamomcemloba `nakaduli~, 1982. 

`qebaTa qeba~ 1985: `qebaTa qeba~ solomonisa. mcxeTuri xelnaweri. Tb.: gamomcemloba 

`mecniereba~, 1985.

usTaveli 1976: rusTaveli SoTa. `vefxistyaosani~. teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, 

Sesavali, ganmartebani da komentari daurTo n. naTaZem. Tb.: gamomcemloba 

`ganaTleba~, 1976 

`SroSani ReleTa~ 1994: `SroSani ReleTa~. Sua saukuneebis ebraeli poetebi. 

ebraulidan Targmna j. ajiaSvilma. Tb.: gamomcemloba saq. mecn. akad. stamba, 

1994 

CaxruxaZe 1957: CaxruxaZe, `qeba mefisa Tamarisi~. Zv. qarTveli mexotbeni, I, iv. lolaSvilis 

red., Tb.: saq. ssr. mecn.akad. gamomcemloba, 1957. 

SavTeli 1964: SavTeli ioane. abdulmesiani~, Tamar mefisa da daviT soslanis Sesxma. 

Zv. qarTveli mexotbeni, II, iv. lolaSvilis red., Tb.: saq. ssr. mecn.akad. 

gamomcemloba, 1964. 

xinTibiZe 1975: xinTibiZe e. msofmxedvelobiTi problemebi vefxistyaosanSi. Tb. : 

Tsu-s gamomcemloba, 1975. 

Nana Gonjilashvili 

One Aspect of the Astral Symbolism of Vepkhistqaosani (The Knight in the 

Panther’s Skin) (in Relation to the Images of Nestan and Tinatin) 

Summary 

The study by Nana Gonjilashvili – “One Aspect of the Astral Symbolism of 

Vepkhistqaosani (The Knight in the Panther’s Skin) (in Relation to the Images of Nestan 

and Tinatin)” deals with the issues related to the astrological world of Vepkhistqaosani, 

in particular, the picture of the parting of Nestan and Tinatin, which is represented in 

the poem by the phenomenon of the meeting and parting of the moon and the star of 

dawn. On the basis of scholarly literature, the author discusses the astrological nature 

of the above-mentioned planets and notes that the mentioning of the moon and the 

star of dawn in connection with the parting of Nestan and Tinatin does not have only 

the aesthetic function. Rustaveli demonstrates the inner life of the characters, their 

complex psychological experience. In order to clarify this supposition the researcher 

offers the passages expressing Nestan’s “luckless fate” and identifies the symbols of 

the waning and full moon used in the poem, which for the most part is interpreted as 

the accompanying image of the tragic state of the queen. For the interpretation of the 

symbols of the sun, the moon and the star of dawn in the images of Nestan and Tinatin 

typological relations are represented (Leil-Majnuniani, Visramiani, Tamariani and 

Abdulmesiani are discussed). The author of the study attempts to disclose the symbolic 

meaning of the luminaries by means of the Biblical books. The conclusion is as follows 

– Rustaveli turns the heavenly bodies into moduses denoting the beauty, sublimeness 

and inner world of the queens, which directly or indirectly leads us to the archetypal 

image of Queen Tamar. 

21

oris darCia 

22 

komikuri `vefxistyaosanSi~ * 

komikurs `vefxistyaosanSi~ mcire adgili uWiravs. amitomaa, 

mkvlevarebi mis mimarT gansakuTrebul dainteresebas ar amJRavneben. 

isini umTavresad exebian gakvriT, sxva sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. 

`vefxistyaosnis~ satirasa da iumorze sagangebod mxolod 

grigol kiknaZe SeCerda, _ sworad gansazRvra maTi adgili poemaSi 

da am TvalsazrisiT saintereso zogierTi strofi ganixila 

(kiknaZe 1953: 92_93). aseve, SoTa rusTvelze daweril sagangebo 

monografiul narkvevSi aleqsandre baramiZem maT calke qveTavi 

(`humori~) dauTmo da damatebiT miuTiTa sxva komikur gamovlinebebzec 

(baramiZe 1958: 278_280; baramiZe 1975: 315_317). SoTa 

rusTvelis dabadebis 800 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil meore iubilis 

dros ivane SilakaZe aqveynebs patara sagazeTo werils (SilakaZe 

1966: 3). magram sakiTxs farTod, mravalmxriv arc dasaxelebuli 

avtorebi Sexebian; Tumca maT mizans es arc Seadgenda. 

ase rom, `vefxistyaosanSi~ warmosaxuli komizmi kvlavac 

Seswavlas moiTxovs. 

amJamad Cveni mizania, SevexoT sakiTxis zogierT mxares: ra 

mniSvnelobas aniWebs geniosi SoTa komikurs, ra adgili uWiravs mas 

poemaSi da riTaa es gamowveuli; masSi komikuris romeli saxeebia 

mocemuli, ra mxatvruli funqcia akisria da mis Sesaqmnelad ra 

poeturi xerxebia gamoyenebuli. 

winaswar unda iTqvas: msgavsad `vefxistyaosnis~ problemebisa, 

mis komikur mxareze sruli warmodgenis miReba mravali 

rusTvelologiuri problemis gadawyvetasTanaa dakavSirebuli. 

maT Soris, ra Tqma unda, avTentikuri teqstis dadgenas didi mniSvneloba 

aqvs. 

* es aris nawili Cveni axalgazrdobisdroindeli pirveli gamokvlevisa, romelic 

sakmaod vrcelia (oTx Tabaxamdea). misi Sinaarsi 1964 wels gavacaniT saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa 

akademiis axalgazrda mecnier muSakTa konferencias. aqedan daibeWda moxsenebis 

Semoklebuli teqsti (darCia 1964: 173-176) da ori narkvevi (darCia 1968 a: 67-85 

da darCia 1968 b: 199-212). aq vaqveynebT kidev erT nawils. naSroms warmovadgenT arsebiTad 

pirvandeli saxiT, magram aqa-iq, rac saWirod vcaniT, vumatebT zogierT Semdeg 

gamoqveynebul masalasac. 

strofebs vuTiTebT poemis pirveli saiubileo (1937) da misgan momdinare (1951, 1953, 

1957 ww.) gamocemebis strofTa saTvalavis mixedviT. vinaidan, rodesac am gamokvlevas 

vwerdi, veswrebodi literaturis institutSi momuSave `vefxistyaosnis~ teqstis 

damdgeni komisiis sxdomebs, vidre am komisiis momzadebuli teqsti 1966 wels daibeWdeboda 

(rusTveli 1966), viTvaliswinebdi mas da damowmebuli maqvs iq Setanili cvlilebebi.

* * * 

`vefxistyaosani~ Tavidan bolomde seriozul, darbaislur, 

epikur Txrobazea agebuli. avtori sagnebisa da movlenebisadmi 

uguliTades damokidebulebas amJRavnebs. poemaSi arsad igrZnoba 

maTdami zerele, amgdebi, nihilisturi midgoma. nawarmoebi er- 

Tiani monumenturi kompoziciiTaa Sekruli. savsebiT sworia, 

roca miuTiTeben, rom `vefxistyaosani~ ar Seicavs komikuris 

mkveTr tendencias; rom masSi araerTgzis vxvdebiT xelsayrel 

SemTxvevebs komikuris warmosaxvisTvis, magram isini am mizniT 

bolomde ar aris gamoyenebuli (kiknaZe 1953: 92). 

ras niSnavs es? rusTveli komikurs uaryofiTad ekideba? 

`vefxistyaosnis~ prologSi, sadac zogierTi Teoriuli xasiaTis 

debulebaa gamoTqmuli, komikuris Sesaxeb pirdapir araferia 

naTqvami. mxolod erTgan, `Sairobis~ mesame saxeobis daxasiaTebisas, 

naTqvamia: 

`mesame leqsi kargi ars sanadimod, samRerelad, 

saaSikod, salaRobod, amxanagTa saTrevelad~ (17). 

udavoa, rom xazgasmul sityvebSi komikurzea laparaki. albaT, 

gr. kiknaZes es adgili hqonda mxedvelobaSi, rodesac werda: 

rusTvels `komikuris garkveuli Teoriac ki aqvs warmodgenili 

Tavis poemaSi~ (kiknaZe 1953: 92). 

erTi SexedviT, gamodis: radgan poetma komikuri iseTi Janris 

damaxasiaTeblad gadaitana, romelsac TavisTavad didi mniSvneloba 

ara aqvs, an, yovel SemTxvevaSi, `saRmrTod, saRmrTod gasagon~, 

avtoris mier idealizebul poezias ver qmnis, is komikuris Sesaxeb 

maincadamainc didi Sexedulebisa ar iyo da `vefxistyaosanSi~ misi 

simcirec aman gamoiwvia. 

aqedan erTi nabijiRa rCeba, rom SoTa rusTveli am sakiTxSi 

davukavSiroT berZnul klasikur esTetikas, _ platons an, kidev 

ufro advilad, aristoteles, romlebic sxvadasxva mosazrebebiT 

komikurs dabla ayenebdnen. 

sinamdvileSi ra viTareba gvaqvs? 

* * * 

`vefxistyaosani~ Rrma dramatizmiT aRbeWdili nawarmoebia. 

misTvis, rogorc WeSmariti xelovnebisTvis, mTavari adamianTa 

asaxva, maTi sulieri cxovrebis Cvenebaa. aq gaidealebulad, magram 

udidesi mxatvruli simarTliT daxatulia namdvili, realuri 

cxovreba, misi kontrastebi. igi, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, wminda 

silamazis, mSvenierebis Zeglia. mSvenieria ara marto Cveulebrivi 

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gagebiT, rogorc erTiani mxatvruli nawarmoebi, mxatvruli 

fenomeni, aramed im gagebiTac, rom is asaxavs sinamdvilis iseT 

mxareebs, romlebic Tavisi bunebiT, obieqturad arsebuli, aRiqmeba 

rogorc lamazi, warmtaci, mSvenieri. vxedavT, poeti, romlis 

mTavari mizani amqveyniuri cxovrebis saukeTeso niSan-TvisebaTa 

win wamoweva da Cveneba aris, didi esTetis TvaliT uyurebs da arCevs 

sagnebsa da movlenebs, eZebs maTSi kargsa da Zvirfass. TiTqmis 

arc erT SemTxvevas ar uSvebs xelidan, warmosaxos amaRlebuli, 

mSvenieri, keTili, sanukvari. aSkarad igrZnoba, naklovani mxareebis 

aRwerisadmi ar amJRavnebs did enTuziazms. misi stilia dadebiTi 

movlenebi, idealebi dagvixatos pirdapir, pozitiuri formiT da 

ara SemovliTi gziT, _ uaryofiTis CvenebiT, misi kritikiTa da 

ZagebiT. misTvis arsebobs, saerTod, mdabali, maxinji, boroti, 

magram aseTebi TxzulebaSi mocemulia ufro metad zogadad, 

potenciurad, vidre moqmedad, gamokveTilad, mravalmxrivad 

daxatuli. isini TavianT Tavs umTavresad nawarmoebis mTlian 

fonze, dadebiTTan Sepirispirebisas, avlenen. magaliTad: mTeli 

`vefxistyaosani~ keTilisa da borotis brZolazea agebuli, magram 

ukanaskneli calke, damoukideblad aRebuli da ganxiluli, 

maincadamainc cudi TvisebebiT ar xasiaTdeba. an, Tu gnebavT, 

iseTi uaryofiTiT, rogorc es nawarmoebSi igrZnoba. 

amrigad, ikveTeba, SoTa rusTvels ainteresebs dadebiTi movlenebi. 

uaryofiTi, kerZod komikuriT gamoxatuli, rogorc ase- 

Ti, amjerad misi interesebis ZiriTad sagans ar Seadgens. 

komikurs `vefxistyaosanSi~ mainc garkveuli adgili uWiravs. 

ra xasiaTisaa igi? 

poemaSi aris komikuris iseTi saxeebi, romelTa pirdapiri 

daniSnuleba mxolod sicilis, mxiarulebis gamowveva, gaxalisebaa. 

ukve miTiTebuli gvaqvs (darCia 1968 b), amgvaria sogratis Sexumreba 

mefesTan (str. 60), tarielisa da avTandilis mier fridonis 

mejogeebis `dawiokeba~ (1377-1380), fridonis xumroba qajeTis 

cixis aRebis win (1406-1407) da sxva. yvela amgvar epizodSi komikuri 

uaRresad damajerebeli, motivirebuli da emociuria. 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ gamoyenebulia rogorc uwyinari, mxiarulebis 

gamomwvevi, ise Semtevi, mebrZoli komizmic. 

es ukanaskneli vis an ris winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli? 

rogorc zemoT vTqviT, `vefxistyaosanSi~ ZiriTadi aqcenti 

gadatanilia kargze, dadebiTze, magram masSi mainc ganirCeva uarsayofi 

da dasagmobi, romelTa mimarT avtoris Sefaseba yovelTvis 

TvalnaTlivia. uarsayofi dagmobilia sxvadasxvanairi xerxiT, 

maT Soris, _ komikuri saSualebiTac. 

24

TxzulebaSi ara gvyavs komikuri, saxeldobr, satiruli personaJebi. 

fatmani da useni, romlebic, sxvebTan SedarebiT, sakmaod 

Seicaven satirul niSnebs, saboloo angariSiT, dadebiTebad arian 

gamoyvanili. 

poemaSi satiruli ferebiTaa daxasiaTebuli calkeuli movlenebi, 

umTavresad, _ eTikuri. 

* * * 

daviwyoT prologidan. g. nadiraZe wers: aq `rusTaveli did 

adgils uTmobs xelovanis ostatobas. arafrad Rirs iseTi mxatvruli 

nawarmoebi, romelsac ar Seswevs Zala moZraobaSi moiyvanos 

adamianis grZnobebisa da emociebis samyaro. mkiTxvelis, msmenelisa 

Tu mayureblis gulgriloba sakmarisia, rom xelovani damarcxebulad 

CavTvaloT. rusTveli s a s a c i l o d igdebs aseT uilajo 

meleqseebs~ (nadiraZe 1958: 79). mwerals satiruli ferebiT 

hyavs daxasiaTebuli susti poetebi, romlebmac èrTi, ori, umsgavso 

da Sori-Sori~ leqsi Tqves, magram didi pretenziulobiT 

gamoirCevian da TavianTi Tavi `meleqseTa kargTa swori~ (15. 2-3) 

hgoniaT. isini sasaciloni xdebian, rodesac aRar hyofniT poeturi 

Zala da ostatoba: 

`ra misWirdes saubari da dauwyos leqsman leva, 

maSinRa naxeT meleqse da misi moSairoba, 

ra veRar mihxvdes qarTulsa, dauwyos leqsman Zviroba...~. 

(13-14). 

aseT poetebs mxolod erTiRa darCeniaT _ìtyvis: Cemi sjobso, 

uciloblobs viTa jori~ (15. 4). amasTan dakavSirebiT 

g. nadiraZe wers: àq ukve imdenad gamaxvilebulia individualizmis 

grZnoba, rom igi sul advilad gadadis erTgvar siamayeSi da 

mis msjelobas avtoritarul kilos aniWebs, romelSic xan d a m - 

c i n a v i geniosi igrZnoba, xan mkacri msajuli. ai magaliTad, 

ra mouridebeli toniT d a s c i n i s rusTaveli literaturul 

wvrilfexobas: `moSaire ara hqvian, Tu sadme Tqvas erTi, ori (...)~. 

da marTlac, gana gautexavi sijiute ar axasiaTebs imas, vinc mwerlobaSi 

SemTxvevas Semouyvania? es asea, magram Sedareba j o r - 

T a n mainc mkacri da mouridebelia, da aseTi asociacia rbili da 

Semwynarebeli xasiaTis mqone poetis cnobierebaSi ver gaCndeboda~ 

(nadiraZe 1958: 128-129). 

ufro rbili iumoriTaa warmodgenili is poetebi, romlebic 

did Sedevrebs ver qmnian da mcire nawarmoebebiT kmayofildebian: 

25

26 

`meore leqsi cotai, nawili moSaireTa, 

ar Zal-uc srul-qmna sityvaTa, gulisa gasagmireTa, 

vamsgavse mSvildi bediTi ymawvilTa monadireTa: 

didsa ver mohklven, xelad aqvs xoca nadirTa mcireTa~ (16). 

* * * 

rogorc cnobilia, `vefxistyaosnis~ erT-erTi mTavari idea 

amqveyniuri, amaRlebuli, zneobrivi sqesobrivi siyvarulis, _ mijnurobis 

Cvenebaa. mTeli nawarmoebi megobrobisa da sxva ideeb- 

Tan erTad aseTi siyvarulis qebaTa qebaa. amasTan erTad, avtori 

dumiliT gverds ar uvlis sxvagvar siyvarulsac. piriqiT, yovelnairad 

ebrZvis mdabal, vulgarul siyvaruls, droebiT gatacebas. 

amgvari siyvaruli poemaSi satiris obieqtia. 

g. nadiraZe ra TvalsazrisiTac rusTvelis poeziisadmi damokidebulebaze 

msjelobs, poemis siyvarulsac imave kuTxiT 

ganixilavs. igi iqve ganagrZobs: àiReT axla prologis meore 

vrceli monakveTi, sadac rusTveli exeba ukve siyvaruls, Tavisi 

poemis erT-erT mTavar mxatvrul Temas. poeti sxarti 

da naTeli formulebiT gvauwyebs Tavis kritikul pozitiur 

azrebs mijnurobaze. aqac iseTive pirdapirobaa da Sinagani damajerebloba, 

iseTive avtoritaruli kilo, rogoric zeviT. igi 

sruliad mouridebli gulaxdilobiT da mkvaxed laparakobs jer 

mistikur trfialebaze, romelsac `Wkvianni ver mihxvdebian~, meore 

uxeS sqesobriv siyvarulze, romelsac pirdapir uwodebs 

meZaveobas, sibilwesa da mruSobas (...). daundobeli msajulis 

toni, mouridebeli i r o n i a da s a r k a z m i ukiduresobamde 

ganviTarebuli individualizmis movlenebia...~ (gv. 129). 

prologSi, sadac Camoyalibebulia poetis Sexedulebani mijnurobaze, 

odnavi RimiliTaa dapirispirebuli ori ukiduresoba, 

_ usagno, ganyenebuli, sazeo gataceba da primitiuli, yvela 

lamazi qalisadmi trfiali: 

`zogTa aqvs saRmrTo siaxle, daSvrebis aRmafreniTa, 

kvla zogTa qve uc buneba keklucTa zeda frfeniTa~ (22). 

satira ufro xelSesaxebia Semdeg strofSi: 

àma saqmesa mijnuri nu uxmobs mijnurobasa: 

dRes erTi undes, xvale sxva, sTmobdes gayrisa Tmobasa; 

ese mRerasa bediTsa hgavs, vaJTa ymawvilobasa~ (26). 

dacinviTaa saubari siyvarulSi sulwasulobaze, saidumlos 

gacemaze, wuwunsa da a. S.:

`xams, Tavisa xvaSiadsa arvisTana amJRavnebdes, 

ar bediTad `ha-has~ zmides, moyvaresa ayivnebdes~ (28). 

qalis qeba-didebis gverdiT poemaSi aTvalwunebiTaa daxasiaTebuli 

`susti~ qaluri buneba. rogorc pirvelad ivane javaxiSvilma 

SeniSna, `vefxistyaosanSi~ gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobebiT 

ixmareba sityvebi `qali~ da `diaci~. `diaci~ dabali Rirsebis aRmniSvnelia 

da umetesad satiruli Seferiloba aqvs (javaxiSvili 

1956: 15. vrclad amave sakiTxze ix.: baramiZe 1997: 118-122). 

erT-erTi aseTi diacis _ msubuqi siyvarulis matarebeli 

qalis _ tipuri saxea fatmani, romlis `samijnuro~ gatacebani 

mwvave satiruli StrixebiTaa gakiluli. poeti mas gacnobisTanave 

gvixasiaTebs: 

`fatman xaTun Tvalad marjve, ar-ymawvili, magra mzmeli, 

nakvTad kargi, Sav-gremani, pir-msuqani, ar pir-xmeli, 

mutribTa da momReralTa moyvaruli, Rvinis msmeli; 

dia edva sasaluqo dasaburav-Casacmeli~ (1077). 

es portreti, romelSiac, rogorc ityvian, brwyinvaledaa 

daWerili fatmanis xasiaTi da, romelsac sxva TvisebebTan erTad 

`naTlad gamoxatuli seqsualuri elferi gadahkravs~ (nadiraZe 

1958: 183), nestanis, TinaTinisa da, Tu gnebavT, asmaTis amaRlebuli 

saxeebis gverdiT sagrZnobi komikuri niuansebis Semcvelia. 

avTandilis stumrobisas avtoris miniSneba ki _ `fatman xa- 

Tuns moslva misi, Se-viT-vatyev, ar ewyina~ (1076. 4) _ ukve daufaravi 

Rimilis gamomxatvelia. magram yvelaferi es jerjerobiT 

mainc miniSnebebia. 

garkveuli fiqrisa da yoymanis Semdeg fatmani avTandils 

samijnuro werils ugzavnis da gulwrfelad atyobinebs Tavis 

grZnobebs. sxva SemTxvevaSi misi moqmedeba araTu saZraxi da gasakilavi, 

aramed Sesabralisi da TanagrZnobis gamomwvevic SeiZleboda 

yofiliyo. magram amgzis, sruliad samarTlianadac, avTandilSi es 

aRSfoTebasa da dacinvas iwvevs. Tumca man jerjerobiT ar icis am 

qalis wregadasuli samijnuro Tavgadasavali, magram sasacilod 

misTvis isic sakmarisi gaxda, rom viRac vaWris coli mas, ubadlo 

raindsa da arabeTis spaspets da, rac mTavaria, `soflisa mnaTi 

mnaTobis~, TinaTinis, mijnurs, aSikobas ubedavda: 

`Tqva: ar icis guli Cemi, vin maSikobs, vissa visi, 

rome mimiCs samijnuro, raT vamsgavso me mas isi!~ (1089. 3-4). 

27

avTandils fatmani imis Rirsadac ar miaCnia, rom namdvil 

mijnurobaze ilaparakos. mis SemonaTvalze - `vardi xar, mikvirs, 

bulbuli rad ar Senzeda krfebian~ _ dacinviT ambobs: 

28 

`...yvavi vardsa ras aqmnevs, anu ra misi feria~ (1090. 1). 

avTandilma fatmanis SemonaTvali mijnuroba yvavis bulbulobaze 

pretenziad miiCnia da, vidre viTarebas kargad awon-dawonida, 

aRSfoTebiT Tqva: 

ùmsgavso saqme yvelai mokle da miT oxeria. 

ra uTqvams, ra mouCmaxavs, ra wigni mouweria~ (1090. 3-4). 

aseTi iyo avTandilis daskvna. magram bolos da bolos Tavisi 

saqmis gamo iZulebuli gaxda, ramdenadme mainc damorCileboda 

fatmans, _ garegnulad mieRo misi siyvaruli: 

`miuwera: wavikiTxe Seni wigni, Cemi qeba, 

Sen momaswar, Tvara Sengan me ufro mWirs cecxlTa deba: 

Senca ginda, meca minda gauwyvedlad Seni xleba, 

Seyra aris piriani, orTavea raTgan neba~ (1095). 

es moxerxebuloba, eSmakoba mkiTxvelis Rimils iwvevs. aq ixateba 

maTi komikuri mdgomareoba. fatmans imdenad didi warmodgena 

aqvs Tavis Tavze, eWvmiutanlad daijera pasuxi da Tavi kvlav 

`Rirseulad~ uWiravs. avTandili iZulebulia, imoqmedos ise, rac 

mis pirovnebas, survilebs ar Seesabameba. ra Tqma unda, maTi komikuroba 

erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebulia. Tu pirvel SemTxvevaSi 

igi miuxvedrobisa da usafuZvlo pretenziulobis Sedegia da dacinvas 

iwvevs, meoreSi _ iZulebiTi, Segnebuli qmedebaa da TanagrZnobas 

badebs. 

fatmani trfialebis mwvervals ewia: 

`mas Rame fatman iama avTandils Tana woliTa~ (1252. 1). 

raindi, piriqiT, uzomod Sewuxebulia, _ Crdils ayenebs Tavis 

mijnurobas, Tumca mTeli arsebiT TinaTinis erTgulia, mTeli 

gonebiTa da grZnobiT masTanaa da masze fiqrobs. garda amisa, isedac 

zizRsa hgvris fatmanis TavaSvebuli vnebani: 

`...yma undom-gvarad exvevis yelsa yeliTa broliTa, 

hklavs TinaTinis goneba, Zrwis idumliTa ZrwoliTa, 

guli mxec-qmnili gasWria mxecTave Tana rboliTa~ (1252. 2-4).

àvTandil malviT cremlsa swvims, sdis zRvaTa SesarTavisad 

Sigan melnisa morevsa, curavs giSrisa navi sad~ (1253. 1-2). 

am dReSia avTandili, fatmani ki verafers amCnevs, gatacebiT 

ealerseba da did gancxromaSia! 

Cveni gmiri, TiTqosda pasuxsa da Svelas moiTxovso, mijnurT 

mimarTavs: 

ìtyvis, Tu: mnaxeT, mijnurno, igi, vin vardi-a visad, 

umisod nexvTa zeda vzi bulbuli msgavsad yvavisad!~ 

(1253. 3-4). 

vardi, bulbuli da yvavi kidev ufro mZafr satiras qmnis: 

`mun cremlni, misgan nadenni, qvisaca dasalbonia; 

giSrisa tevri agubebs, vardisa velsa fonia; 

fatman mas zeda ixarebs marT viTa iadonia. 

Tu yvavi vardsa iSovebs, Tavi bulbuli hgonia~ (1254). 

satira imdenad Zlieria, mweral Wola lomTaTiZes fatmani 

Sebralebia da mis dasacavad ubis wignakSi Cauweria: `... maS ra qnas 

am sisxliTa da xorciT savse qalma, Tu qmari ar Sexvda Sesaferi! 

gana mas aklia silamaze? aklia gambedaoba? keTilSobileba aklia? 

rad, rad uwoda mas yvavi rusTavelma? did poets ar Svenis es! 

usamarTlobaa, roca nestanisa da TinaTinis sxivSi undaT gaaqron 

fatmani, didi usamarTlobaa... diax, usamarTlobaa es!~ (lomTaTiZe 

1956: 327). 

rusTvelis sazomi ki yvelgan ganuxrelia! 

mkiTxveli grZnobs, rom fatmanis satirul saxes marto misi 

dabneuloba ki ara, ufro misi dabali zneoba qmnis. aq upirvelesad 

gakiluli da gamaTraxebulia yalbi, vulgaruli siyvaruli. fatmani 

swored misma `moralma~ daabnia da Tvali auxvia. 

msgavs da, SeiZleba iTqvas, kidev ufro rTul viTarebaSi imyofeboda 

tarieli erTxel, magram maSin is misma sispetakem ixsna. 

nestanze uzomod Seyvarebul da gaxelebul tariels moulodnelad 

saaSiko wigni mouvida. yvelafers ifiqrebda, magram 

Tavs ise bednierad ras warmoidgenda, werili misi damwvelis 

gamogzavnili iqneboda. Tavadve ambobs: `misgan eWvi ara mqonda~-o. 

eWvi verc sxva vinmeze miitana. 

isedac umaRlesi zneobis mqone tariels imxanad aseTi saqmisTvis 

srulebiTac ar ecala, magram mamakacurma Tavmoyvareobam 

aiZula, Tanxmobis pasuxi gaegzavna: 

29

30 

`me gamikvirda: siT vuyvar anu viT mkadrebs Txrobasa? 

miuyoloba ar varg-a, damwamebs uzraxobasa, 

Cemgan imedsa gardaswyveds, merme damiwyebs gmobasa. 

davwere, raca pasuxad hmarTebda aSikobasa~ (360). 

gavida xani. nestanisadmi siyvarulis cecxli tariels kidev 

ufro gauRvivda: 

`dReni gamoxdes, me guli ufrore damwves kvlav alTa~. 

(361. 1). 

tariels aRarc ki axsovda ùcnobTan~ flirti da, ai, isev 

mosdis meore werili: `wignsa Sevatyve, lamobda Seyrisa moswrafebasa~ 

(364. 2). masSi kvlav ibrZvis, erTi mxriv, pirovnuli, wodebrivi, 

Tanamdebobrivi Rirsebis SegrZneba da, meore mxriv, axalgazrda 

kacis Tavmoyvareoba. amjerad meorem gaimarjva: 

`pasuxad gavec: Jamia, marTal xar gakvirvebasa; 

moval, Tu mixmob, me nu meWv moslvisa dazarebasa~ (364. 3-4). 

amirbari moCvenebiTad aqtivobs, namdvilad ki ucnobis daJinebuli 

qceviT aRSfoTebulia: 

`gulsa Sina davuzraxe: ra mpovao anu vina?!~ (363. 4). 

erT dRes, rodesac tarieli `sevdisagan Tavis krZalvad~ Sin 

megobrebTan erTad nadimobda, moaxsenes: `qali vinme~ gikiTxavso. 

raindma es im moarSiye qalad miiCnia da brZana: `s awols waiyvane, 

Cemgan aris naxmobari~ (370. 4). Tanac, yvelaferi ise moawyo, 

rogorc moaSike qalis miRebas esaWiroeboda, oRond oTaxSi Sesvlisas 

mtkiced gadawyvita, Tavi bolomde Seekavebina: 

`guli mivec Tmoba-qmnaTa, augisa sakrZalvelad~ (371, 4). 

tarieli gaakvirva qalis mokrZalebulma qcevam. igi srulebi- 

Tac ar hgavda iseTs, rogoradac warmodgenili hyavda. àr icis 

aSikobao~, es ifiqra bolos da kidevac hkiTxa: `manda rad hzi Sen, 

Tu siyvaruli Cemi gWirsa?~ (373. 4). 

asmaTi ar dabneula, myisve mixvda yvelafers da auxsna, risTvisac 

iyo mosuli. 

ufliswuli erTgvar uxerxul, komikur mdgomareobaSi 

uTuod Cavarda, magram, Tuki ramdenadme mainc `mSralad gamovi-

da~, upirvelesad imiT, rom igi Tavidanve maRali moraluri principebiT 

xelmZRvanelobda. es aRniSna asmaTmac: 

`magra aw midebs imedsa Sengan cdis arRa maloba. 

amas Tu Rirs var, ver vityvi, maklia RmrTisa wyaloba~ (374. 3-4). 

e. i. Sen sxvanairad gaige Cemi mosvlis mizezi, magram is maimedebs, 

rom ar Cqarob, ar iswrafvi, gaakeTo is, ris gulisTvisac mosuli 

ggonivar. es CemTvis savsebiT sakmarisiao. 

am ori ramdenadme msgavsi epizodis erTmaneTTan Sedareba 

gviCvenebs, mwerlis satiris obieqtia ara ubralo dabneuloba, 

aramed bevrad ufro mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, _ zneobrivi, WeSmariti 

siyvarulis uqonloba. Tu fatmanTan momxdari ambebis aRwerisas 

poeti `situaciur komizms~ `sityvieri komizmiT~ amwvavebs, aq, 

tarielisa da asmaTis Sexvedris gadmocemisas, erTxelac ar iyenebs 

odnav gadakrul sasayveduro sityvasac ki. 

fatmanTan erTad TvalsaCino satirul niSnebs Seicavs misi 

qmari, useni. es vaWarTa uxucesi aramcTu raime rainduli fizikuri 

da sulieri Tvisebebis matarebelia, ubralo adamianTa bevr 

Cveulebriv Rirsebasac moklebulia: 

`miT ar jer var qmarsa Cemsa, mWle aris da Tvalad nasi~. 

(1205.1). 

_ acxadebs fatmani. 

useni motyuebuli, gabaxebuli qmaria: Ralatobs coli, magram 

erTxelac ar daeWvebula mis erTgulebaSi. fatmani WkuiTa da 

moqnilobiTac sjobs mas. etyoba, am mkacrsa da sastik kacs igi, 

rogorc unda, ise aTamaSebs. ai, fatmani ra eSmakurad, pirmoTned 

ealerseba qmars, rodesac surs piroba CamoarTvas, _ arsad 

araferi Tqvas nestanis Sesaxeb: 

`mive marto, qmarsa Cemsa velaRobe, velacice~ (1153. 1). 

sovdagari ver xvdeba colis alersis mizezs. 

yvelaferi es, ra Tqma unda, garkveuli komikuri niSnebis matarebelia, 

miT ufro `vefxistyaosnis~ sinamdvilis fonze, magram 

aSkara, mkveTrad gamoxatuli satiriT dagmobilia usenis orpiroba, 

sityvisa da ficis gamtexloba, saidumlos gacema. 

fatmanma icoda qmris es Tvisebebi. amitomac iyo, nestani mas 

karga xans daumala: 

31

32 

`man turfaman saxlsa Cemsa egre dayo xani didi; 

ver gavandev qmarsa Cemsa, Sesmenisa mqonda ridi; 

vTqvi: Tu vuTxrob, vici, darbazs gaamJRavnebs isi flidi. 

ese meyo sagoneblad, kvla Sevidi, kvla gavidi~ (1150). 

uTqmelobac aRar SeiZleboda. jer erTi, qals TviTon verafers 

Sveloda da, meorec, bolos da bolos saidumlo gamJRavndeboda, 

ojaxs mravali usiamovneba eloda. 

didi fiqris Semdeg fatmanma gadawyvita: Sevexvewebi meuRles 

da, Tu sityvas momcems, daificebs, rom Seinaxavs saidumlos, tyve 

qals vanaxvebo. 

garkveuli pirobis CamorTmevis Semdeg fatmanma qmars 

uTxra: 

`... giTxrob rasme, magra pirvel Semomfice, 

arvis uTxra suliersa, saficari momec mtkice~. 

usenma uyoymanod 

`fici fica saSineli: Tavicao kldesa vice! 

raca miTxra, sikvdilamdis arvis vuTxra suliersa, 

ara bersa, ara yrmasa, moyvaresa, arca mtersa~ (1153-1154). 

fatmanma moaxsena `yvelakai~. gamoxda xani. erT dRes usenma 

gadawyvita: `... ar minaxavs ZoRaniTgan mefe Cveni... waval, vnaxav, 

vudarbazo, vuZRvna ZRveni~ (1163). meuRlem kvlav moagona: 

usenma 

`davhvedre: darbazs dagxvdebis darbazis eri mTrvalebi; 

ama qalisa ambavsa, momkal, Tu ar ekrZalebi~. 

`kvla Semomfica: ar vityvi, Tavsaca meces xrmalebi!~ (1164). 

didvaWars meliq surxavi `nadimad mjdomeli~ daxvda. Seqeifianebulma 

xelmwifem gulTbilad miiRo Tavisi vaWarTuxucesi: 

`wina miisva, SeiZRvna, ZRveni miarTva romeli~ (1165. 3). 

`ra mefeman usens wina sva mravali dostaqani, 

kvla Sesves da kvla auvsnes sxva farCni da sxva Wiqani~ (1166), 

sakuTari Rirsebis uqonelma pativiscemiT amCatebulma 

mTvralma stumarma wonasworoba dakarga: 

àw hnaxo mTrvali vaWari, cqafi, uwrfeli, hromeli~ (1165. 4).

_gvafrTxilebs mTxrobeli. useni odnavadac ar dafiqrebula, ise 

gatexa colisTvis micemuli sityva. fatmani dacinviT ambobs: 

`daaviwyda igi fici, ra musafi, ra maqani!~ (1166. 3). 

mereda vin aZalebda, Tqvio?! mefe, piriqiT, aRfrTovanebuli 

iyo mis mier motanili saCuqrebiT da wuxda, es pativiscema rogor 

gadavixadoo: 

ùTxra didman xelmwifeman uWkuosa usens, mTrvalsa: 

dia mikvirs, saZRvnod Cvenad siT moiReb ama Tvalsa, 

margalitsa didrovansa, umsgavsosa hpoveb lalsa? 

ver gardvixdi, Tavman Cemman, ZRvenTa SenTa naaTalsa~ (1167). 

Seqebam didvaWars Tavgza aubnia da Tavi zedmetad gamoido: 

àmas gkadreb, Tavman Tqvenman, ara gmarTebs madli ZRvnisa, 

sxva rame miTqs sasZlo Tqveni, SesarTavi Tqvenis Zisa~. 

(1169. 1-2). 

fatmani aRSfoTebuli ambobs: 

`ras vagrZelebde! gatexa fici, simtkice sjulisa, 

uambo povna qalisa, mWvretTagan mzed saxulisa~ (1170. 1-2). 

avtori, fatmanis sityvebiT, usenis am saqcielsa da, saerTod, 

mis bunebas mZafri satiruli aforizmiT afasebs: 

`marTlad Tqmula: ara hmarTebs yvavsa vardi, virsa rqani!~ 

(1166. 4). 

* * * 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ zogjer komikuri warmosaxvis mixedviT 

ufro TvalnaTliv vlindeba rusTvelis msoflmxedvelobrivi 

poziciebi, misi socialur da religiur SexedulebaTa calkeuli 

mxareebi. 

nawarmoebSi garkveviT Cans mwerlis gansxvavebuli komikuri 

damokidebuleba, erTi mxriv, feodalur-rainduli, xolo, 

meore mxriv, vaWarTa sazogadoebisadmi. rusTvelisaTvis sazomi, 

amosavali feodalur-rainduli sazogadoebis cxovrebis saukeTeso 

mxareebia. es sazomia gamoyenebuli komikuri Sefasebis drosac. 

poemaSi mtkicedaa daculi socialuri ierarqiis sxvadasxva safexurze 

myofTa urTierTobis etiketi. es Tavs iCens komikurSiac: 

33

ostevanis daRonebis Jams sogratis misadmi Sexumreba (`dagiRrejia, 

mefeo...~) sakmaod taqtiani da keTilmsurveli iyo. es 

kargad SeamCnia TviT rostevanmac, magram mefes Tavisi vaziris 

xumroba pirvelad Zalian gabeduli eCvena da 

34 

`gaukvirda: viT mkadrao, an sityvani viT gabedna?!~ (61.1). 

an imave rostevanis sityvebze _ `cotasa Semwevs avTandil~-o 

(63. 4), _ avTandilma `T a v - m o d r e k i T g a i R i m n a ~ (64. 2). 

amgvari urTierToba sxva SemTxvevebSiac uryevia. Tumca aRsaniSnavia, 

poemaSi sicili, komikuri socialurad Zlier daSorebulTac 

aaxloebs da aerTianebs. Tu rostevani da avTandili nadirobisas 

èrTmanerTsa, Tu: me gjobo, siciliT eubnebodes, 

amxanagobdes, laRobdes, iqiT da aqaT dgebodes~ (79. 1-2), 

TviT momsaxure monebmac ki, romelTac isris miwodeba da nadirobis 

Sedegebis aRricxva evalebodaT, nadirobaSi avTandilis 

gamarjveba xelmwifes sakmaod Tamami iumoriT moaxsenes: 

`mefeo, yola ver vityviT Sensa magisad darebiT, 

awemca dagvxoc, vera hgav, _ verad ver mogexmarebiT~. 

avTandilisgan `nakravni gvinaxvan mxecni ver waRma warebiT~, 

àr dascTomia erTica, rac oden Seutyocia~, xolo 

`Tqveni mravali miwiTa dasvrili gagvixocia~ (80-81). 

monebis xumrobaze patroni ar brazobs, piriqiT, `siciliT 

laRobs~. Tumca poemaSi feodaluri ierarqiuli etiketi mtkicedaa 

daculi, masSi komikuri dRevandeli gagebiTac uaRresad demokratiuli 

da progresulia. amave dros, xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos isic, 

rom komikur viTarebaSi umaRlesi sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebic 

cvivdebian, magram isini arsad Seuracxyofilni ar rCebian. 

sxvanairi midgoma aris vaWarTa sazogadoebis mimarT. maTi 

gonebriv-fizikuri, zneobriv-moraluri yofa-cxovreba zogjer 

satiruladaa daxasiaTebuli. sakiTxis meore mxarea, `rom, _ 

rogorc al. baramiZe aRniSnavs, _ arc idealizaciis da arc ironiuli 

aTvalwunebis pirobebSi rusTveli ar Ralatobs mxatvrul 

zomierebas. is yvelgan da yovelTvis SeubRalavad icavs klasikuri 

srulyofilebis normebs~ (baramiZe 1952: 61). amiT aixsneba,

om vaWarTa warmomadgenlebsac aqvT Rirsebani da isinic sakmaod 

simpaTiurad arian daxatuli. oRond esaa, umaRlesi sazogadoebis 

gverdiT mudam CrdilSi imyofebian. 

vaWarTa mTavari nakli isaa, rom maTTvis ucxoa rainduli 

Tvisebebi, _ magari mklavi, iaraRis xmareba, vaJkacoba, qveloba da 

sxva. mekobreebTan Sexvedrisas usami da misi meqaravneni avTandilis 

gverdiT sabraloni da sasaciloni Canan. maT ver gaubedavT 

zRvaSi Sesvla: 

`SevideT, va Tu dagvxocnen, Zali ara gvaqvs omisa, 

verca vdgaT, verca wasrulvarT, Rone wagvslvia rComisa~. 

(1034. 3-4). 

avTandili maT gulwrfelad da alalad eubneba: 

`Tqven, vaWarni, jabanni xarT, omisaca umecarni, 

Sors isriTa ar dagxocnen, CaixSeniT Tana karni~ (1040. 1-2). 

mkiTxvelis TvalSi ki isini sasaciloni arian. 

avTandili, erTi kaci, guladad ebrZvis da sastikad amarcxebs 

moZalade mekobreebs, maSin rodesac moqaravneebi, amodena 

xalxi, mxolod SeSinebuli mayureblebi arian. 

sayuradReboa isic, rom tarielisa da fridonisagan damarcxebuli 

biZaSvilebis mxlebelTa nawilma Tavi TavianT duqnebs 

Seafares: 

`sxvani gameqces, mihmarTes maT-maTsa s a q u l b a g e s a ~. 

(615. 3). 

mefeTa sra-sasaxleebisa da cixe-qalaqebis cxovrebis gverdiT 

gulanSaros aRwera satirul elementebs Seicavs: 

`did-vaWarni sargebelsa amisebrsa ver hpoveben: 

iyidian, gahyidian, moigeben, waageben; 

glaxa Tve erT gamdidrdebis, savaWrosa yovlgniT hkreben; 

uqonelni weliwadsa saqonelsa daideben~ (1067). 

rogorc geronti qiqoZe aRniSnavs, `vefxistyaosani asaxavs 

Zalian mdidar sazogadoebas, mkiTxvels TiTqmis yovel gverdze 

Tvals sWris oqro-vercxlis brWyviali da Tval margalitTa cimcimi~. 

es simdidre mopovebulia àra imdenad ayvavebuli aRebmicemobiT 

da mrewvelobiT, ramdenadac bednierad damTavrebuli 

samxedro eqspediciebiT~ (qiqoZe 1963: 32). 

35

usTveli aTvalwunebiT uyurebs oqros angarebiT, viwro, 

vaWruli miznebiT Ziebasa da gamoyenebas: 

36 

`naxeT, Tu oqro rasa iqms, kverTxi eSmakTa Zirisa!~ (1196. 4). 

`ra oqro misTa moyvasTa arodes miscems lxenasa, 

dRed sikvdilamdis sixarbe Seaqmnevs kbilTa RrWenasa, 

Sesdis da gasdis, aklia, emdurvis etlTa rbenasa...~ (1197). 

poeti kargad xedavs vaWarTa sazogadoebaSi oqros fass, 

mis funqcias, masze damyarebul morals. raindebisTvis oqro da, 

saerTod, ganZeuloba saCuqrisa da qvelmoqmedebis sagania. rusTveli 

gakvirvebiTa da dacinviT aRniSnavs, rom vaWarma tarielsa da 

avTandils cxeni ki ar aCuqa, aramed mihyida: 

`mun vaWarman oqros fasad cxeni misca, ar uZRvana~ (1373. 3). 

aq da sxvaganac, vaWarTa wris satiruli daxasiaTebisas, 

mwerali, TiTqosda sagangebod, miuTiTebs _ `vaWari~-o: usenze, 

rodesac is meliq-surxavma gverdiT daisva da Rvino daalevina, 

naTqvamia: 

àw hnaxo mTrvali v a W a r i cqafi, uwrfeli, hromeli~. 

(1165. 4). 

vaWarTa dacinvad JRers, avTandilisa da fridonis Sexvedrisas 

rom ambobs avtori: 

`momkal, b a z a r s sxva maTebri i v a W r o n ra, anu 

y i d o n ~ (988.4). 

srulebiTac ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom araerTi uaryofiTi 

da satiruli Tvisebis mqone useni da fatmani swored vaWarTa 

wris warmomadgenlebi arian. mweralma dauSva, amgvari adamianebi 

vaWarTa wres mihkuTvnebodnen. 

feodaluri da vaWruli sazogadoebisadmi aseTi gansxvavebuli 

damokidebuleba º³I saukunis saqarTvelos socialuri sinamdvilis 

gamoxatulebaa. Tumca maSindeli burJuazia, gansakuTrebiT, 

msxvili vaWrebi samefo karze da qveynis ekonomikur-politikur 

cxovrebaSi garkveuli woniTa da avtoritetiT sargeblobdnen, 

magram maT jer kidev wamyvani mdgomareoba mopovebuli ar hqondaT. 

sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, ideologiaSi prioriteti ekava 

feodalur-raindul klass, maT msoflmxedvelobasa da esTeti-

kur Sexedulebebs. es tendenciuri socialur-klasobrivi suliskveTeba 

garkveviT aisaxa `vefxistyaosanSi~. amdenad, poemaSi 

vaWarTa wris mimarT gamoTqmuli satira s o c i a l u r i Rirebulebis 

satiramde maRldeba. 

swori ar unda iyos konstantine kapanelis (Wanturias) mosazreba, 

`rom WkuiT savse raindi, moxerxebisa da mixvedris Seudarebeli 

ostati avTandili ambis Sesatyobad, nestanis Sesaxeb cnobebis 

misaRebad midis viRac vaWris colTan, fatman-xaTunTan. marto 

es faqti sakmarisia, rom davrwmundeT rusTvelis did dakvirvebaSi~, 

mis sociologiaSi. TiTqos àm mxatvrul faqtSi Caqsovilia 

udidesi socialuri sakiTxi klasTa urTierTobis Sesaxeb: rusTveli 

esTetiuri saxeebiT amtkicebs feodaluri aristokratiisa 

da savaWro aristokratiis k o n s o l i d a c i i s a u c i l e b - 

l o b a s , mxolod feodaluri aristokratiis meTaurobiT~ 

(kapaneli 1936: 203). 

Cven ver vxedavT, rom `vefxistyaosanSi~ Candes avtoris raime 

midrekileba an miniSneba am ori klasis `konsolidaciis aucileblobaze~. 

es sakiTxi iq arsad dasmuli ar aris. 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ komikur aspeqtSi socialuris sxva mxarec 

gamovlinda. al. baramiZe SeniSnavs: `Zlieri socialuri aqcenti 

aRubeWdavs Sedarebas: dahviwyda SiSi mefisa, viTa erTisa gzirisa 

(1196. 2)~ (baramiZe 1958: 248). aq gamokveTilad gamasxaravebulia mefis 

wvrili moxeleebi, romlebic, gayoyoCebulni, adgilebze Tavnebobdnen. 

* * * 

ufro rTuli da SeniRbulia s a r w m u n o e b i s a d m i damokidebuleba. 

rogorc cnobilia, rusTveli Tavis religiur 

aRmsareblobas, mrwamss pirdapir ar amJRavnebs. amitom iyo, ar 

darCenila wina aziaSi TiTqmis romelime istoriulad cnobili 

religiuri sistema, romlis warmomadgenladac mis gamoyvanas ar 

cdilobdnen. amJamad sabolood garkveulia, rom `vefxistyaosnis~ 

avtori aris qristiani, qristianul garemosa da kulturaze 

aRzrdili. amasTanave, mas sxva, farTo ganaTlebac aqvs miRebuli. 

Cans, misTvis, rogorc geniosi SemoqmedisTvis, ucxoa yovelgvari 

religiuri dogmatizmi, maT Soris qristianulic. SeiZleba didad 

gadametebuli ar iyos korneli kekeliZis Sefaseba, rom `religias 

is saerTod ar Tvlis cxovrebis mamoZravebel Zalad~ (kekeliZe 

1958: 204). 

Cveni sakiTxis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa, `rom rusTveli 

i r o n i u l damokidebulebas iCens saqristiano warmodgenebis 

37

zogierTi mxarisadmi. ase, poets aforizmis saxiT gamouxatavs, 

rogorc Cans, gavrcelebuli azri jojoxeTiDANdan 

qrTamiT TavdaRwevis 

Sesaxeb. Tqmula: qrTami sauravsa jojoxeTsca daiurvebs~ 

(baramiZe 1958: 153). 

es aforizmi rom xumroba, komikuri Sinaarsis aris, movusminoT 

viktor nozaZes: `... leqsi ase waikiTxeba _ ambobeno: qrTami 

jojoxeTis sazrunavs moagvarebso, jojoxeTis sazrunavidan Tavs 

gaiTavisuflebso. ra azri aqvs am winadadebas? Tqven SegiZliaT es 

Tqmuli, rogorc gsurT, ise ganmartoT. CemTvis igi aris enamaxvili 

x u m r o b a , rac ara erTi gvxvdeba religiur mwerlobaSi~ 

(nozaZe 1963: 311). 

amjerad, vfiqrobT, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba ara aqvs, rom 

amas sograti xumrobiT ambobs, arc imas, _ amgvari azri sayovel- 

Taod iyo gavrcelebuli da ar ekuTvnis piradad rusTvels. mTavaria 

is, rom es aforizmi poetma warmoTqva im dros, rodesac 

qristianoba Zlierebisa da gafurCqvnis xanaSi imyofeboda. maSin 

arasdidebiT ar SeiZleboda, es sityvebi gaqvavebuli, aqtiuri azrisagan 

daclili yofiliyo. am martivi magaliTidanac erTxel 

kidev gamoCnda, rom `vefxistyaosani~ oden s a e r o Txzulebaa. 

kidev ufro sayuradRebo da SesamCnevia m u s l i m a n o - 

b i s a d m i damokidebuleba. nawarmoebSi moqmedeba mahmadianur 

samyaroSi mimdinareobs. koloritisTvis avtori aqa-iq maTTvis 

damaxasiaTebel religiur niSnebzec miuTiTebs, oRond Zalian 

TavdaWerilad. magaliTad, nestans sasTumalTan gaSlili yurani 

aqvs. tarieli locvisTvis xelSi iRebs mas, magram axsenebs ara 

alahs, aramed uzenaesis sayovelTao saxels, _ `RmerTs~: 

38 

`Sevhxeden, vnaxe sasTunal m u s a f i gaSliT mdebare, 

aviRe, avdeg me R m r T i s a da merme maTi mqebare~ (530. 1-2). 

korneli kekeliZe saTanado strofebis damowmebiT wers: 

rusTveli `daufaravi s a r k a z m i T a da i r o n i i T ixseniebs 

mahmadianobas~ (kekeliZe 1958: 187). ai, es magaliTebic: 

siyvarulisgan xeladqmnili da dabnedili tarielis gasinjvis 

aRwerisas muslimanuri religiis msaxurni asea gamasxaravebuli: 

`srulni m u y r n i da m u l i m n i me gare Semomcvidian; 

maT xelTa hqonda m u s a f i, yovelni ikiTxvidian; 

mter dacemuli vegone, ar vici, ras C m a x v i d i a n ~ (351). 

msgavsi SemTxvevaa maSinac, rodesac usenma `gatexa fici, simtkice 

sjulisa~, da nestanis saidumlo gasca:

`daaviwyda igi fici; ra m u s a f i , ra m a q a n i !~ (1166. 3). 

Tu aq pirdapir satirulad usenia daxasiaTebuli, meore 

mxriv, agdebuladaa moxseniebuli mahmadianTa saRmrTo wigni _ 

yurani da maTi samlocvelo adgili, _ meqa. 

avTandils mobaRdade vaWrebi Tavs ase acnoben: 

`... Cven varTo mobaRdadeni vaWarni, 

m a h m a d i s sjulis mWiravni, arodes gvisman m a W a r n i ~ 

(1031. 1-2). 

iust. abulaZe SeniSnavs, rom, SeuZlebelia, mahmadianma am 

sityvebiT gaacnos Tavi sxvas da isic arabs. es adgili gvixatavs 

qristianis Sexedulebas, qarTvelis warmodgenas mahmadianis 

rjulze (abulaZe 1913: 2). amgvari damokidebuleba Rvinisadmi 

saqarTveloSi, Rvinis qveyanaSi, ironiul Rimils TavisTavad iwvevs 

nebismieri adamianis mimarT. poemaSi iumors isic aZlierebs, rom 

es `mahmadis sjulis mWiravni~ ar svamen araTu Rvinos, maWarsac ki. 

maSin rodesac, `vefxistyaosanSi~ sma-Wama, Rvino, qeifi raindobis 

erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa. arabeTis mefis mier gamarTul 

qorwilSi. 

`msmelTaTvis wyaro Rvinisa asgan dis, msgavsi milisa, 

bindiT ciskramdis sma iyo, gardaxda Jami dilisa~ (1552. 3-4). 

meoregan gamomwvevad aris naTqvami: 

`viTa hmarTebda, purobdes, Rvinosa smides, ar dosa~ (1578.4). 

maSasadame, aq komikurs qmnis mahmadiani vaWris erTi damaxasiaTebeli 

Tvisebis Seusabamoba saqarTveloSi miRebul cxovrebis 

wessa da `vefxistyaosanSi~ aRweril sinamdviles Soris. 

amrigad: pozitiurad SoTa rusTveli romelime religiis an 

misi warmomadgenlis winaaRmdeg ar gamodis. amdenad, Teza, rom igi 

udides religiur Semwynareblobas iCens, savsebiT da yovelmxriv 

sworia. magram negatiurad mainc Cans misi indiferentuli da 

erTgvari satiruli damokidebuleba, saerTod, religiuri 

dogmebisadmi da, gansakuTrebiT, muslimanobisadmi. 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ religiuri da ramdenadme erovnuli tendenciebis 

kvlevisas sagangebod unda SevCerdeT zemoT ramdenimejer 

damowmebuli 1165-e strofis bolo striqonis bolo sityvis 

dadgenaze. ukanasknel, maT Soris, pirvel saiubileo gamocemebSi 

ikiTxeba: 

39

40 

àw naxeT mTrvali vaWari, cqafi, uwrfeli, 

m s w r o b e l i ~ (rusTveli 1966: 384). 

xazgasmuli wakiTxva momdinareobs qarTveliSviliseuli 

publikaciidan, rasac Semdgom imeoreben danarCenebi, garda 

s. kakabaZis meore gamocemisa, sadac aris `mswTomeli~. 

gavrcelebul variants `mswrobeli~ iZleva ori xelnaweri, 

_ V da J. am ukanasknelSi, romelic yvelaze ufro gamoirCeva Tavisi 

ultraSesworebebiT, striqonis meore naxevari am saxiTaa: `... 

sityva sityvisa mswrobeli~. Cans, amgvaradve yofila amave tipis 

T nusxaSiac, sadac mTeli furceli moxeulia da gadarCenilia 

striqonis meore naxevris dasawyisi _ `sityv...~. 

sxva xelnawerebSi gvaqvs: mwTomeli _ EIKOG’ (amaT mihyveba s. 

kakabaZis meore gamocema), mcTomeli _ PR’, womeli _ FZ, mwomeli _ 

YA’, mwrTomeli _ N. danarCenebi, saxeldobr ABDGHLMXD’F’I’L’Q’, 

icaven vaxtangiseul wakiTxvas _ romeli, xolo C nusxa, rome-lic 

redaqciulad A tipisaa da xandaxan ukeTes variantsac iZleva, 

aqac saintereso formas uCvenebs _ hromeli (guguSvili 1962: 724; 

rusTveli 1966: 384). 

romelia misaRebi? azris mixedviT, erTi SexedviT, SesaZlebelia, 

nasworeb nusxaTa monacemebi ufro mogvewonos, Tundac J-isa. 

sinamdvileSi, roca viciT am nusxis redaqciuli saxe da warmomavloba, 

misi avTentikuroba rom viwamoT, yovlad gamoricxulia. xelnawerTa 

redaqciuli avkargianobis mixedviT, upiratesoba unda 

mieces A tipis (BCMX) nusxebs, _`romeli~, C-s variantia `hromeli~. 

didad niSandoblivia, rom am jgufs mxars uWers meore redaqciis 

xelnawerebic _ DGHL da maTi mimdevari gviandeli nusxebi. 

1966 wlis variantebiani teqstis damdgenma komisiam, _ a. SaniZem, 

al. baramiZem da iv. lolaSvilma _ 1963 wlis 9 marts am adgilis 

ganxilvisas erTxmad upiratesoba misces swored C-s variants. 

striqonma aseTi saxe miiRo: 

àw hnaxo mTrvali vaWari, cqafi, uwrfeli, h r om e l i~. 

(rusTveli 1966: 384). 

misi Sinaarsi ganisazRvra amgvarad: axla naxav mTvral va- 

Wars, msubuq (cercet), cru, tyuilis mTqmel, aragulwrfel 

romaels. 

dasaxelebul mecnierTa azriT, am sityvis xmareba arc formiTa 

da arc SinaarsiT SeuZlebeli ar aris. Zvel qarTulSi `romaelis~ 

aRsaniSnavad ixmareboda rogorc `hromaeli~, ise `hromeli~ 

(`h~-Ti aris warmodgenili igi poemis CanarT strofSi, romelic 

moipoveba IL’Q’ nusxebSi: `xams, Tumca papi h r o m i s a rom SenTvis

iyos mwirveli~. rusTveli 2006: 2). Sinaarsobrivad kidev dasaSvebia 

imdenad, ramdenadac º³ -º³II saukuneebSi Seiqmna iseTi pirobebi, 

rom SesaZlebeli iyo romaelebi augad exsenebinaT. mxedveloba- 

Sia jvarosnuli omebi. marTlmadideblobasa da kaTolikobas Soris 

isedac arsebuli dava da winaaRmdegoba kidev ufro gaamwvava 

jvarosnulma omebma. maTi brZolebi, Tumca religiuri almiT mimdinareobda, 

sinamdvileSi dapyrobiTi, mekobruli xasiaTisa iyo. 

maT ramdenimejer daipyres da gaaCanages marTlmadidebluri religiis 

centrebi, wminda adgilebi. saerTod, marTlmadideblobam 

didi zarali naxa. es omebi, rogorc cnobilia, dasavleT evropis 

feodalur saxelmwifoTa sxvadasxva fenebma moawyves, magram mis 

organizebaSi wamyvani adgili italiis qalaqebs, kaTolikobas, 

romis paps eWiraT. º³II saukunis pirvel wlebSi, kerZod, 1204 wels 

jvarosnebma swored papi inokenti mesamis meTaurobiT aiRes da 

gaanadgures konstantinepoli. am pirobebSi gasagebia, marTlmadideblobas 

mTeli risxva da siZulvili romaelTa winaaRmdeg 

gamoexata. aRmosavleTsa da saqarTveloSiac romaeli da romaeloba 

salanZRav, satirul sityvad gadaqceuliyo. aqedan ki Tavi 

`vefxistyaosanSic~ eCina. 

es Sexeduleba `vefxistyaosnis~ gamosvlamde uaryo mixeil 

maxaTaZem. is ase msjelobs: `Zneli dasajerebelia, magaliTad, 

1165 4 str. ukanaskneli sityva avTenturi saxiT iqneba hromeli 

# 2074 sando xelnawerisa, an romeli aseTive # 757 xelnawerisa 

da vaxtangis gamocemis, rac TiTqos, niSnavs romaels iezuitis 

gagebiT, rom mswrobelad Tu mswromelad igi Semdeg gardaiqmna, 

radgan gadamwerlebs romelis mniSvneloba aRar esmodaT. romi 

(hromi) da romaeli (hromaeli) CvenSi arasodes ar yofila ucxo 

da gaugebari sityva, rom saWiro gamxdariyo misi Secvla gasagebi 

sityviT. magram aq mTavari sxva garemoebaa: SeuZlebelia romeli 

avTenturad miviCnioT romaelisa da iezuitis gagebiT (...). iezuitebis 

samonastro ordeni, romelic papis xelisuflebisa da 

kaTolicizmis ganmtkicebas emsaxureboda, daarsebul iqmna 1534 

w. ase rom me-13 saukunis dasawyisSi iezuitis gageba pirwminda 

anaqronizmia. anaqronizmadve unda miviCnioT poemaSi romeli 

Tundac inkvizitoris gagebiT. agrZelebs ra saubars usenze imave 

ganwyobiT (...), useni fatmanis azriT ara kaTolike iezuiti, aramed 

aramtkice mahmadiania: man gatexa cnobili fici musafze (yuranze) 

da mahmadis saflavzeo. fatmani ver moixseniebda usens romaelad 

da iezuitad Tundac arapirdapiri, Tundac gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT, 

jaSuSis, inkvizitoris, jalaTis gagebiT, radgan useni poemiT 

metad keTili kacia. Tavisi SexedulebiT, qceviT, moqmedebiT is 

damTmobi, colSvilis moyvaruli, mowyale gulis, emocionaluri 

41

pirovnebaa...~ (maxaTaZe 1965: 2). 

vxedavT, m. maxaTaZem kargad ar icis komisiis Tvalsazrisi, 

rom iq araviTari anaqronizmi ar aris. fatmani meuRlis mimarT 

agresiuladaa ganwyobili da samarTliani ar iqneba, rom mas, literaturul 

personaJs, salanZRav sityvebSi religiur gansxvaveba- 

Ta wayenebuli sizuste movTxovoT. 

komisiis aRniSnul gagebas mere sxva aravin Sexebia da varianti 

`hromeli~ poemis Semdeg gamomcemlebs ar gauziarebiaT. Cveni 

azriT, sityva `romeli~ teqstologiurad misaRebi da dasakanonebelia. 

rac Seexeba warmodgenil gagebas, gadaWriT Tqma Znelia: 

Cvenc gveeWveba: nuTu, religiaTa da xalxTa SefasebaSi ase TavdaWerilma 

geniosma poetma Tavs ufleba misca, romaelebi, vinc 

unda igulisxmebodes maTSi, ase erTi xelis mosmiT gaebiabruebia?! 

manamde al. baramiZe werda: `Tu mexotbeni, kerZod da gansakuTrebiT 

CaxruxaZe, qedmaRlur erovnul Tavmowonebas iCenen da 

aTvalwunebiT uyureben muslimanur qveynebsa da musliman xalxebs, 

rusTavelisTvis sruliad ucxoa erovnuli qedmaRlobis 

grZnoba. rusTaveli Tanabari pativiscemiT epyroba yvela xalxs, 

rusTaveli amJRavnebs ganmacvifrebel sarwmunoebriv Semwynareblobas~ 

(baramiZe 1958: 191). 

am sakiTxisaTvis sayuradRebo masalas iZleva `vefxistyaosnis~ 

danarTi epizodi, _ xvarazmelTa ambavi. aq aRwerilia, Tu 

tarielma da mis dasaxmareblad mosulma avTandilma da fridonma 

momxvduri xvarazmelebi ra sastik brZolaSi daamarcxes: 

42 

`maT lomTa spani samgniTve SeiZrnes gareT mdgomelni; 

zeda damsxmelTa miuxdes amayni, mcqafad mwyromelni; 

ficxlad Seebnes, ar hgvandes ig f r a n g n i , vinme 

hromelni. 

maTni iaRni tirodes, viT icinian romelni~. 

(lolaSvili 1963: 1113, strofi _ 1982; rusTveli 2006: 444, 

strofi _2117). 

am strofis Sinaarsi unda iyos: gareT mdgomi tarielis, 

avTandilisa da fridonis molaSqreebi samive adgilas SeiZrnen; 

gamwyralni, gabrazebulebi momxvdurebs swrafad, amayad miuvardnen, 

ficxlad Seebnen. isini (tarielis molaSqreebi) f r a n g e b s a 

da r o m a e l e b s ar hgvandnen. maTni iaRni (?) tirodnen, romlebic 

winaT icinodnen. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom aq CvenTvis saintereso sityvas Semcvleli 

varianti ar gaaCnia, xolo erT V’ gviandel nusxaSi is SeukumSveladac 

weria _ r omaeli. 

rogorc vxedavT, romaelebi aq garkveviTa da cxadad agde-

uladaa naxsenebi. sakuTriv `vefxistyaosnisa~ da am danarTi 

epizodis strofebs Soris, garda Sinaarsobrivisa, sityvieri da 

frazeologiuri msgavseba arsebobs: orivegan TiTqmis igive xelnawerebi 

iZlevian riTmebs romeli/romeli. antonimebia sariTmo 

sityvebi mjdomeli da mdgomeli. oriveganaa cqafi. amis gamo advili 

mosalodnelia, rogorc es, saerTod, `vefxistyaosnis~ CanarTdanarTebisTvisaa 

damaxasiaTebeli, xvarazmelTa ambis avtorma 

mibaZa rusTvels da romaelTa mimarT `misi Tvalsazrisi~ gaimeora. 

erTi sityviT, am sakiTxs mibruneba da CaRrmavebuli kvleva 

sWirdeba, xolo, Tu aRniSnuli Tvalsazrisi dadasturda, friad 

saintereso ambavs vgebulobT: rusTveli aTvalwunebiT, satiruli 

SeferilobiT ixseniebs romaelebs, rogorc kaTolikeebs. es 

kidev ufro afarToebs Cvens warmodgenas rusTvelis religiebisadmi 

damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. 

amis Semdeg kvleva gagrZelda da dasmul sakiTxze umniSvnelovanesi 

Tvalsazrisi gamoiTqva. aRniSnuli strofi da sityva 

2003 w. Tavis sagangebo da brwyinvale naSromSi ganixila roland 

beriZem. man sruliad samarTlianad mxari dauWira ABCMX 

da misi 

mimyoli DGHL 

redaqciis wakiTxvas _ `romeli~ da gamoTqva friad sayuradRebo 

varaudi: aRniSnuli gamoTqma Seicavs or sityvas _ `ro~ 

da `meli~. `ro~ niSnavs `rogorc~ da `meli~ _ `melas~. melia da 

mela rom ZvelqarTulad `meli~ aris, sayovelTaodaa cnobili. 

`ro~ rom ixmareba mimarTebiTi zmnisarTis SinaarsiT _ `rogorc~, 

`viT~, mkvlevars amis nimuSebi fSauri da xevsuruli poeziidan 

mohyavs. imowmebs vaJa-fSavelasac. aseve ixmareboda igi Tu ara 

Zvel qarTul enaSi, jerjerobiT dadasturebuli ar aris (beriZe 

2003: 219-235). 

es Sexeduleba, uTuod, sayuradRebo, angariSgasawevi da, 

Cveni azriT, ufro misaRebicaa, miT umetes, poemaSi `melaoba~ 

iumo-ristuli gagebiT sxvaganac gvxvdeba. rostevanis mier 

gamogdebul vazirze naTqvamia: `gamoZrwa da g a m o m e l d a ~ 

(761. 2). magram dabejiTebiT Tqma, ucilobeliao, gviWirs. mainc 

mgonia, komisiis Tvalsazrisi gadasagdebi ar aris, metadre mas 

Semdeg, rac xvarazmelTa ambis avtorsac igi aseve esmis. garda 

amisa, unda davZino: roca Cvens Zvirfas rolands komisiaze Cem 

mier gakeTebuli Canaweri gadaveci (amas TviTonve aRniSnavs da mas 

kidevac imowmebs), komisiis Tvalsazrisic amomwuravad gavacani, 

magram Tavis statiaSi igi misi Sefasebisagan Tavs ikavebs, saerTod, 

gverds uvlis. 

orive gagebis SemTxvevaSi erTi ram naTelia: usenis saqcieli 

komikurad aris warmodgenili. 

43

* * * 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ komikuri niuansebiTaa warmodgenili calkeuli 

cxovrebiseuli movlenebi: 

44 

ùxvi axsnilsa daabams, igi TviT ebis, vin ebis~ (49. 3). 

ùxvsa hmorCilobs yoveli, igica, vin orgulia~ (50. 2). 

sevdanarevi Rimili igrZnoba aforizmebsa da sentenciebSi, 

sadac amqveyniuri siZneleebia ganzogadebuli: 

`RmerTman erTi raT acxovnos, Tu meore ar wawymidos~ (306. 3). 

`maSin sofelman sawuTrom iuxvis, raca vinebi, 

aw xel-mqmna, rome saaxlod mxecTaca movewyinebi~ (389. 3-4). 

`brZeni? vin brZeni, ra brZeni? xeli viTa iqms brZnobasa?!~ 

(886. 1). 

`kargi ra mWirdes, gikvirdes, avi ra sakvirvelia!~ (1175. 3). 

da sxva. 

saerTod, rusTvelisTvis damaxasiaTebelia iseTi aforizmebis, 

igavebis moxmoba, romlebic Tavisi bunebiT komikuri elferisaa. 

es kidev ufro damajerebels xdis maT: 

`sma-Wama _ didad Sesargi, deba ra savargulia?! 

rasaca gavscemT Cvenia; rac ara, dakargulia~ (50). 

`Tvara vismc eqmna gvarliTa Sekrva Tavisa mrTelisa~ (257. 4). 

`cudi aris damzralisa gasaTboblad wylisa berva~ (707. 2). 

`vardsa qacvi moapovnebs, ekalTamca rad vefxane!~ (709. 2). 

`Tavsa mrTelsa rad Seikrav, wylulsa axlad rad iwyluleb?~ 

(876. 4). 

àr ici, vardni ueklod aravis moukrebian!~ (877. 4). 

`vardsa hkiTxes: egzom turfa raman Segqmna tanad, pirad? 

mikvirs, rad xar ekliani? povna Seni rad-a Wirad? 

man Tqva: tkbilsa mware hpovebs, sjobs, iqmnebis raca Zvirad: 

odes turfa gaiafdes, aRara Rirs arca Cirad! 

radgan vardi amas ityvis usulo da uasako, 

maSa lxinsa vin moimkis pirvel WirTa umuSako? 

uboroto vis asmia, rac-a kargi saeSmako~ (878-879). 

àr ixmareb, ras xelsa hxdi saunjesa dafarulsa?~ (902. 4). 

`swyurodes, wyalsa vin daRvris kaci uSmago, cnobili?~ (919. 1). 

`vardi amas viT iazrebs: mze momSordes, ar davzreo~ (921.1). 

`magra Tu Wirsa ar dasTmob, lxini ra dasaTmobia!~ (965. 4).

amave rigisaa umSvenieresi igavi WaSi Cavardnili kacis Sesaxeb 

(str. 255-256). da sxva. 

garkveuli komikuri elferis matarebelia calkeul personaJTa 

gonebivi sisxarte, eSmakuri moxerxebuloba. 

im mizniT, rom tarielisa da nestan-darejanis mijnuroba 

ar gaxmaurebuliyo, nestanma moigona: ise moqceuliyvnen, STabeWdileba 

Seqmniliyo, viTomc tarieli nestanis karze asmaTTan saa- 

Sikod dadioda: 

àsmaT miTxra: me mibrZana, ese vqmnaTo, ese sjobdes: 

vinca gnaxos, Cemgan missa saubnarsa vera scnobdes, 

Cemad naxvad movidodes, Sen viTamca gaSikobdes; 

da-ca-mvedra: amirbarsa uTxar, asre namusobdes~ (383). 

avTandilis tarielTan meored gaparvis Semdeg Sermadini sasowarkveTili 

da saSinlad gabrazebuli rostevanis winaSe warsdga 

da avTandilis mier datovebuli anderZi warudgina. Tanac 

`moaxsena: sawols v p o v e ese misgan danaweri; 

dges monani natirebni, daeglija Tma da wveri; 

igi marto g a p a r u l a, yma ar axlavs, arca beri~ (828). 

risxvis Tavidan acilebis mizniT Sermadinma mefes ise dauxata, 

viTomc avTandilis wasvlis Sesaxeb man araferi icoda. sinamdvileSi 

avTandilma winaswar gaacno mas Tavisi gadawyvetileba 

(str. 774-778) da anderZic sakuTriv gadasca: 

`misca anderZi Sermadins, ra gaaTava weriTa~ (808. 1). 

rogorc zemoT vaCveneT, tarielma ùcnobis~ (str. 359-360, 

363-364) da avTandilma fatmanis (str. 1090-1095) saaSiko wignebis 

miRebisas, garkveuli mosazrebebiT, TvalTmaqcobas mimarTes. 

erTsa da meoresac aramcTu ainteresebda, did zizRsa da usiamovnebas 

hgvrida maTTan samijnuro kavSiris daWera. magram garegnulad 

ise moiqcnen, ara marto Tanxmoba SeuTvales, aramed, viTomc, 

gamowveva sixaruliTac miiRes. 

iumoristul STabeWdilebas qmnis avTandilis mier lomsa da 

vefxvTan nabrZoli da dabnedili tarielis mococxleba da gamoqvabulSi 

wamoyvana. 

avTandili pirvelad bevrs exvewa tariels, ra da ra Segonebas 

mimarTa, raTa Zala moekriba da Sin gahyoloda, magram gonebamixdils, 

sicocxleze xelaRebuls es uzarmazar, gadaulaxav da 

arc saWiro, zedmet saqmed miaCnda. bolos, pirdapir rom verafers 

gaxda, èSmakobas~ mimarTa. uTxra, SenTan mosvlaze amdeni siZnele 

45

da wvaleba gamoviare da danarCens ar gTxov, erTi patara, umniSvnelo 

Txovna mainc Semisruleo: 

46 

`nu gamgzavni gul-moklulsa, erTi miyav sawadeli, 

erTxel Seje, cxenosani gnaxo Cemi sulTa mxdeli, 

nuTu maSin moviqarvo sevda ese awindeli; 

me waval da Sen dagagdeb, iqmnas Seni saqadeli~ (890). 

avTandilma 

ìcoda, rome Sejdoma kaeSans moaqarvebda, 

lerwmisa sarsa dasdrekda, giSersa daikarvebda~ (891. 2-3). 

tarielma am `patara~ saqmeze megobars xaTri ver gautexa, 

Tavs Zala daatana da survili Seusrula, cxenze Sejda. marTlac, 

`xani wavles, siarulman mojobeba daaCina~ (892. 4). 

am miRwevis mere avTandilma, `cnobierTa dastaqarman, ucnoboTa 

oxrva-axman~ (894. 3), tkbil-tkbili sityvebiT meore gamozomili 

nabiji gadadga. cnoba-misustebuli tarieli ubralo WeSmaritebaze 

`gamoiWira~. hkiTxa, rogor afasebda is nestanis naCuqar 

`samxres~: 

`Se-rasme-hyves saubnarsa, sityva hkadra ar-maluli: 

erTsa rasme mogaxseneb, gamicxade dafaruli: 

ege s a m x r e m i s e u l i, Sen gaCnia visgan wyluli, 

ragvar giyvars, ragvar giRirs? Tqvi, daviRo merme suli~. 

(895). 

am SekiTxvaze tarielma, rogorc avTandili iTvaliswinebda, 

maSinve mRelvared upasuxa da ganuzomeli Sefaseba misca am samaxsovro 

saCuqars: 

`man uTxra: saxe ra giTxra mis usaxosa saxisa! 

esea Cemi sicocxle, Cemi momcemi axisa, 

mjobi yovlisa soflisa, wylisa, miwisa da xisa; 

ar-sasmenlisa mosmena ars umJavesi wmaxisa~ (896). 

avTandils metic ara undoda ra. raki sityvaze `daiWira~, man 

didi gonebamaxvilobiT àmxila~ megobari da usayvedura, rom is 

ase gatacebulia utyvi, usulo, ugrZnobo, xeliT nakeTebi ubralo 

nivTiT da iviwyebs asmaTs, nestanis gamzrdels, misi da nestanis 

mijnurobis mesaidumles, maTTvis Sewuxebulsa da Tavdadebul 

dobils:

àvTandil uTxra: vlamobdi marT magisisa Tqmevasa; 

aw raTgan giTqvams, pasuxsa gkadreb da nu meWv Tnevasa: 

sjobs asmaTisa ar-leva maga samxris ar-levasa, 

amad ar giqeb saqmisa uaresisa rCevasa. 

samxre gibia oqrosa, oqromWedlisa dnobili, 

uasako da usulo, ar sityvieri, cnobili; 

aRarad ginda asmaTi _ naxe marTali brWobili! - 

pirvel, glax, misi naWvreti, TviT merme Seni dobili, 

Tqvens Sua mqneli saqmisa, Sengan naxmobi dobisa, 

Tqveni Semyreli msaxuri, Sengan Rirs-qmnili xmobisa, 

misi gamzrdeli, gazrdili, misTvis mixdili cnobisa, 

glax, dagigdia, ar hnaxav, SabaS marTlisa brWobisa! (897-899). 

avTandilis moxerxebulobam gaWra, tarielma aRiara megobris 

SeniSvna-sayveduri da dasTanxmda, asmaTTan wasuliyvnen: 

`man ubrZana: rac giTqvams, umarTle xar metis metad: 

... raTgan davrCi, gvale, vnaxoT, Tucave var jerTca retad~. 

(900. 1, 4). 

mTeli es procesi, _ avTandilis moxerxebuloba, tarielis, 

am udidesi fizikuri, gonebrivi Zalisa da grZnobis adamianis ase- 

Ti umweoba, bavSvurad dayolieba, _ komikur efeqts qmnis da siamovnebis 

Rimils iwvevs. 

rusTvelis sinamdvilisadmi esTetikurma damokidebulebam 

da mizandasaxulobam bevrad gansazRvres misi nawarmoebis rogorc 

komikuris saerTo Sinaarsi, ise formebic. `vefxistyaosanSi~ Ziri- 

Tadad komikuris ori saxeoba, _ iumori da satiraa. 

iumori uaRresad keTili, saTno da nazia. es iTqmis ara marto 

im gamoTqmebsa da epizodebze, romelTa pirdapiri daniSnuleba 

mxiaruli ganwyobilebis Seqmnaa, aramed maTzec, romlebsac ufro 

metad kritikuli paTosi axasiaTebs. aseTebi garegnulad, SedarebiT 

`mkacri~ da `msusxavi~ sityvebiTaa daxatuli, magram sinamdvileSi 

iseTi keTilismyofeli da moalersea, rom siyvarulisa da 

siTbos ase kargad da gulwrfelad gamomJRavneba xSirad sxva, uSualod 

moferebiTi tonis Semcvel sityvebsac gauWirdebaT xolme. 

pirvelis nimuSebi sakmaod moviyvaneT. am ukanasknelis sailustraciod 

gavixsenoT ori epizodi. 

qajeTis cixis aRebis Semdeg raindebma `fridonisas~ inadimes. 

tarielma gadawyvita, vidre indoeTs dabrundeboda, arabeTSi wasuliyo 

da avTandilisa da TinaTinis qorwili moewyo. man es megobars 

fridonis piriT SeuTvala: 

47

48 

àw miTxar, Cemgan ra ginda, anu raT mogexmarebi? 

varCev, w a v i d e T a r a b e T s, iyav Cemica marebi; 

tkbili s i t y v i T a gavmarToT da x r m l i T a _ saomarebi. 

Tu Sen Sens colsa ar SegrTav, me Cemsa ar veqmarebi~ (1472). 

avTandils samSobloSi dabrunebasa da TinaTinTan SeuRlebaSi 

garkveuli siZneleebi marTlac eloda. magram, im mizniT, rom 

tarielis bedniereba bolomde daegvirgvinebina, _ wahyoloda 

indoeTSi da mis mefed kurTxevaSi mieRo monawileoba, avTandili 

cdilobs, uari uTxras mas. uari rom motivirebuli iyos, megobris 

winadadebas `xelze ixvevs~ da àqilikebs~: 

`ra fridon uTxra avTandils tarias mociquloba, 

mas gaecinnes, gaRimda, hSvenoda mxiaruloba; 

Tqva, Tu: m e S v e l i rad minda? mWirs aravisgan wyluloba! 

Cemi mze arca qajTa hyavs, arca sWirs lxin-nakluloba. 

Cemi mze taxtsa zeda zis, morWmuli RmrTisa nebiTa, 

sakrZalavi da ukadri, laRi arvisgan vnebiT-a, 

arca ra umZims qajTagan, arca grZneulTa grZnebiTa; 

mas zeda S v e l a rad minda? rad meWv rasaca TnebiTa?~ 

(1473-1474). 

maSin tarielma Tavisi gaitana; wavidnen arabeTSi da iq 

iqorwiles. 

gavida xani. dadga dro tarielis samSobloSi wasvlisa. 

axla mas ar surs, axaldaqorwinebuli avTandili Seawuxos da 

gaiyolios: 

àxal SerTulsa mTvaresa, mzeo, viT moeSorebi?~ 

avTandilma aqac didi gonebamaxviloba gamoiCina da tarielis 

sabuTi SesaniSnavi iumoriT `daarRvia~: 

àvTandil uTxra: magiTa Sengan ar moviRorebi…. 

ar, dia ginda damagdo, waxvide Cemad mzraxavad! 

coli uyvarso, gamwira, iyo amisad msaxavad~ (1564-1565). 

tarieli da mkiTxvelic kargad xedaven, avTandilis am `gamkenwlav~ 

xumrobaSi naTlad Cans Zmadnaficisadmi misi urRvevi 

da mtkice megobroba, uangaro Tavdadeba da siyvaruli. amitomaa, 

orive SemTxvevaSi tarieli mxiaruli, guliTadi siciliT Sexvda 

mas (1473, 1566). 

`vefxistyaosnis~ satira Cveulebriv dinji, obieqturi, Rrma 

da damajerebelia. misTvis arsebiTad ucxoa usamarTlo, wregadasuli, 

ganerviulebuli toni. am mxriv erTgvarad gamonaklisia mxo-

lod garkveuli mxatvruli daniSnulebis mqone, afeqtur mdgomareobaSi 

myofi nestanis tarielisadmi (522-529) da rostevanis 

vazirisadmi (756-760) mimarTuli satiruli gamoTqmebiT gajerebuli 

risxva. Tumca gadaWarbeba orivesTvis gacnobierebulia. 

`vefxistyaosnis~ satira daxvewili, moqnili da sxartia. avtori 

`msxverpls ~ 

bolomde ar misdevs, ar aTrevs, ar axrCobs, ar anadgurebs, 

aramed erTxel marjved moartyams da Tavis gzas ganagrZobs. 

poemaSi TiTqmis sul ar aris komikuris iseTi mZime saxeebi, 

rogoricaa srulyofili groteski, paskvili, pamfleti, epigrama, 

karikatura. an Tu aris, _ Zalian cotaa da mxolod zogierTi 

damaxasiaTebeli niSniTaa gamovlenili. 

umTavresad aseTebi gvxvdeba zemore damowmebul gamoTqmeb- 

Si. magaliTad, ramdenadme groteskul-sarkazmulia ganrisxebuli 

nestanis tarielisadmi mimarTva: 

`gaxsovs odes `ha-has~ hzmidi, cremlni Senni velTa hbandes, 

mkurnalni da dastaqarni wamalTa-ye mogitandes?~ (526. 1-2). 

àzrni Senni Senve ggvanan, mtyuansa da Sen ageTsa!~ (527. 4). 

`qnas mefeman yel-motexiT Semoxvewa, Semokvdoma~ (545. 3). 

vazirisadmi rostevanis risxva: 

àgre Smagi ar vazirad, ara varg xar arca sxvad rad!~ (757. 4). 

paradoqsuli bunebisaa striqonebi: 

ùwyaloba hklavs, wyali sdis, arodes ar gaxmobili!~ (919. 3). 

`gastexs qvasaca magarsa gvrdemli tyviisa lbilisa~ (5. 4). 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ moipoveba naTlad gamoxatuli, srulyofili 

ironiis magaliTebi. sogratis sityvebi: 

`vici, ucilod amavsebs, Soveba ar-sawyenia~ (742. 3). 

`SabaS sityva, SabaS kaci, SabaS saqme, misgan qmnili!~ (759. 4). 

`madli ra gkadro, aw Tqvengan gavxasdi me maSa viTa~ (763. 3). 

fatmanisadmi naTqvami: 

ùTxra: ar giSli, diaco, ferTa mi da mo krTolasa~ (1100. 3). 

poemaSi gvaqvs maxvilsityvaobis, _ sityvaze gamodevnebis, _ 

SemTxvevebic: 

fatmanma rom avTandils miswera: 

`v a r d i xar, mikvirs, b u l b u l n i rad ar Sen zeda krfebian!~ 

(1086. 2), 

49

50 

amaze avTandilma 

`Tqva: yvavi v a r d s a ras aqmnevs, anu ra misi feria! 

magra mas zeda b u l b u l s a jerT tkbilad ar umReria~. 

(1090. 1-2). 

qajeTis cixis aRebis Semdeg tarielis rCevaze, jer wavideT 

arabeTSi, rac sityviT SeiZleba gakeTdes, tkbili sityviT gavake- 

ToT, rac sabrZoloa, _ xmliTo: 

`tkbili sityviTa gavmarToT da xrmliTa _ saomarebi~ (1472. 3), 

avTandilma Tavis iumoristul pasuxSi uyuradRebod arc es 

sityvebi datova da SemouTvala: 

`muna me xrmali ar mikveTs, arca sivrcele enisa~ (1477. 3). 

amJamad mTavari Seni saqmis bolomde miyvanaa da amaSi xeli 

Semiwyveo: 

`sxvad Tqvengan ara ar minda, mZulan rasaca T n e b a n i~ (1479. 4). 

avTandilma pirmoTneoba sxvaTaSoris axsena. axla es sityva 

tarielma ar dakarga da fridons daavala: 

`midi, uTxar Cem magier sityva Cemgan a r-n a T n e b i~ (1481. 1). 

rodesac indoeTSi avTandilis wayolaze msgavsi saubari ukve 

arabeTSi gameorda, tarielma avTandilis iumoristuli pasuxis 

pasuxSi es sityva kvlav moigona: 

`radgan gwadian, wamomyev, d a m w a m e b nuras T n e v a s a~. 

(1566. 3). 

tarieli da avTandili rom erTmaneTis mimarT mudam gulwrfeli 

iyvnen, ra Tqma unda, es orivem mSvenivrad uwyoda da amaSi 

arc erTs eWvi ar epareboda, magram, Tu pirmoTneobaze mainc 

laparakoben, amas iumoriT, xumrobiT, erTmaneTis `gamosajavreblad~ 

akeTeben. 

* * * 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ aris iseTi sityvebi, gamoTqmebi, viTarebani, 

romlebic TavisTavad komikuris Sesaqmnelad gamiznuli ar 

arian, magram uneblieT, saerTo fonze komikuris STabeWdilebas 

toveben. zogierTi imdenad srulyofil STabeWdilebas axdens, 

Cven ueWveli komikuris nimuSebad gvaqvs moyvanili. amgvarebia:

andazebis, aforizmebis, sentenciebis udidesi nawili; asmaTis 

werilis gamo tarielis dabneuloba; epizodebi, romlebic eSmakoba-gonebamaxvilobas, 

moxerxebulobas gadmoscemen; avTandilis 

mekobreebis winaaRmdeg brZola da sxva. 

amdenad, Tu bolomde gulwrfeli viqnebiT, zogierTi SeiZleba 

komikurad arc miviCnioT. 

magaliTisTvis Cven SevCerdebiT erT maTganze, romelic 

swored kvalificiur mkiTxvelebzec sxvadasxvanair STabeWdilebas 

axdens. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs usenis mier nestanis naxvisa da 

gaocebis epizodi: 

ùsen gahkvirda, ga-ca-krTa, ra Suqni naxna mzisani; 

Tqva: ra miCvene, ra vnaxe, rania, netar, risani?!~ (1155. 2-3). 

amas mosdevs striqoni: 

èse Rawvni mzisad kmaran, kacTaganmca viT ikocnes!~ (1161. 2), 

romelsac al. baramiZe ase afasebs: `rusTveli moswrebuli 

h u m o r i T hkilavs Tavzardacemul vaWarT-uxucesis fiqrTa 

simCates~ (baramiZe 1945: 205). 

sxvanairad fiqrobs gr. kiknaZe. movusminoT mas: `p r o f 

al. baramiZes miaCnia, rom iumoristikulia vefxistyaosnis is adgili, 

sadac gadmocemulia nestanis naxviT gamowveuli usenis 

gaoceba : `(...) ese Rawvni mzisad kmaran, kacTaganca viT ikocnes!~ 

am adgilas poemaSi xazgasmulia nestanis simSveniere, am mizniT 

aris daxasiaTebuli usenis gancvifreba, rac sruliad bunebrivia 

da marto usens ki ara, nestanis yvela mnaxvels daeufleboda xolme. 

amitom Cven vfiqrobT, rom aq ar Cans usenis simCate da, saer- 

Tod, Z n e l i a am adgilis miCneva rusTvelis i u m o r i s a T v i s 

damaxasiaTeblad~ (kiknaZe 1953: 93-94). 

nawarmoebisagan damoukideblad ganxilvisas es adgili marTlac 

araviTar komikur zemoqmedebas ar axdens. ra aris sasacilo 

imaSi, kacma naxa iseTi araCveulebrivi qali, romlis msgavsi Tavis 

dReSi ar enaxa da gaioca, gauWirda masSi mdedri daenaxa. magram, 

radgan mkiTxvels axsovs usenis Sercxvenili sareceli, misi susti, 

Cvrad qceuli kacoba, da axla xedavs, ubrwyinvalesi qalis naxvisas 

mis moulodnel `gankacebas~, imdenad, rom masSi kocnis sakiTxi 

daisva, _ imave mkiTxvelSi, vfiqrobT, aman damcinavi Rimili unda 

gamoiwvios. 

ai, erTi magaliTi kidev, sadac araviTari miTiTeba ar aris 

da mkiTxveli personaJis Rimils xedavs. k. WiWinaZe dabejiTebiT 

wers: `vefxis tyaosnidan vtyobilobT, magaliTad, rom rusTvelis 

drosac imgvaradve TavdaxriT da koketurad scodnia qals g a - 

51

R i m e b a, rogorc exla, Cvens droSi. ai ras ambobs tarieli nestanis 

Sesaxeb: `merme avdeq wamosavlad, man damiwyo qve qve wveva...~. aq 

laparakia Tavdaxrili qalis gamomwvev R i m i l z e, mxolod sityva 

Rimili striqonSi aRar Cateula~ (WiWinaZe 1925: 54). 

savsebiT marTalia gr. kiknaZe, roca wers: àse, rom movlena- 

Tadmi arc satiruli da arc iumoristikuli damokidebuleba ar 

aris am poemaSi m k v e T r a d gamomJRavnebuli da gamoaSkaravebuli~ 

(kiknaZe 1953: 94). magram, saerTod mxatvruli nawarmoebSi 

da, kerZod `vefxistyaosanSi~, komikuris aRsaqmelad gadamwyveti 

mniSvneloba aqvs mTeli nawarmoebis mTlian, erTianad gaazrebas. 

vfiqrobT, iumor-satiruli Strixebi SeimCneva tarielsa da 

ramazs Soris gamarTul brZolis epizodSi. ramazma tarielis ultimatumze, 

rom indoeTis samefos kvlavac damorCileboda, sapasuxod 

Tavxeduri, amgdebi toniT SemouTvala: 

52 

`sityvani SemoeTvalnes laRni da ukadronia: 

arc rame Cven varT jabanni, arc cixe umagronia, 

vin aris Tqveni xelmwife? Cven zeda ra patronia?~ (400. 1-3). 

rodesac tarieli xataeTisken saomrad gaemarTa, ramazma misi 

motyueba scada da dasamSvideblad kaci gamougzavna: 

`ramazis kaci memTxvia, xataeTs zeda xania, 

man miTxra mociquloba gulisa mosafxania: 

CvenTa mgelTaca dasWamen, Tqvenni, indoTa Txania~ (421. 2-4). 

visac unda ekuTvnodes bolo winadadeba, mociqulsa Tu ramazs, 

igi uTuod iumoristul suraTs qmnis. 

amgvarive Seferilobisaa ramazis Semdegi pirferuli 

sityvebic: 

`zenaari gamogviRe, miT g v a b i a y e l s a w n e l i ~ (422. 3). 

tariels isev mouvida ramazis mociquli, magram mas Semdeg, 

rac mas pirdapir da daufaravad Seatyobina_ `meca vici, raca 

CemTvis gagigia~ (443. 1) _ xataelTa mefes vinmes kvlav gamogzavna 

aRar ucdia. tarieli iumornarevi kiloTi SeniSnavs, an ratom 

unda gamoegzavnao: 

`ra mivida mociquli, k v l a m c a r a d R a 

g a m o g z a v n e s ~ (444. 1). 

satiruli SedarebebiTaa gadmocemuli omis suraTebi:

`Sigan asre gaverive, gnolis jogTa viTa qori, 

kaci kacsa Semovtyorci, cxen-kacisa davdgi gori; 

kaci, Cemgan Senatyorci, brunavs viTa tanajori~ (447. 1-3). 

`cxensa kaci gakveTili mandikurad gardavhkidi~ (448. 3). 

`Zilisa mihxvda nacvali Zil-mkrTalTa, Rame TeulTa~ (452. 3). 

SeiZleba komikuradac migveRo Semdegi striqonebi: 

`yma gardaiWra, daaba, viTa kakabi maxesa~ (231. 3). 

viTa kakabi arwivsa, qveSe mi da mo Zrweboda~ (232. 2). 

`mun abjari yovliferi asre idva, viTa mwnili~ (1367. 3). 

`nestan-darejan moiWdo, rome ver gahxsnis culebi~ (1451. 3). 

magram es ewinaaRmdegeba poemis Sesabamis epizodebSi mocemul 

ganwyobilebas, maT suls. 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ komikurze xSirad saavtoro remarkebSia 

miTiTebuli. poemaSi moipoveba ramdenime termini, romlebic komikuris 

zogierT mxares aRniSnavs. erT-erTia sityva `laRoba~: 

`mesame leqsi kargi ars, sanadimod, samReralad, 

saaSikod, s a l a R o b o d, amxanagTa saTrevelad~ (17. 1-2). 

`vhkadroT rame s a l a R o b o d, rasaTvismca gagvawbila?~ (58. 4). 

`siciliT l a R o b s, mieca guliT amoslva dardisa~ (82. 4). 

`modi, fridons v e l a R o b n e T, jogsa missa movadgeTa~ (1375. 4). 

àmoa kargi l a R o b a, l a R s a Se-ve-iqms l a R e b a d ~ (1376. 4). 

`vefxistyaosnis~ bolodroindel leqsikonebSi axsnilia: 

iust. abulaZe (frCxilebSi vuTiTebT strofTa numeracias 1957 

gamocemis mixedviT): `laRi 972. 1 (1109. 1); 591. 3 (693. 3); 1262. 2 (1423. 

2). spar(suli) ukadri, mxiaruli, Tamami, celqi. laRoba 962. 1 (1099. 

1); 963. 2 (1100. 2) celqoba, x u m r o b a, Seqceva, garToba~ (abulaZe 

1967: 306); a. SaniZe: `laRi Tavisi Rirsebis mcodne, amayi; Tavisufali; 

676. 3 mxiaruli, Svebuli. laRoba mxiaruleba, tkbili x u m 

-r o b a; velaRobe 1153. 4 vesiyvarule~ (SaniZe 1957: 366). 

sakiTxis Seswavla gviCvenebs, rom aRniSnuli sityva xSirad 

am konkretuli SinaarsiT ixmareba da niSnavs iseT mxiarulebas, 

Seqcevas, garTobas, romlebSiac wamyvani adgili komikurs, oxunjobas 

uWiravs. amas aRniSnaven agreTve adrindeli leqsikografebic. 

niko CubinaSvili: `laRoba zdilurad gabedva x u m r o b i s a~. 

miuTiTebs `vefxistyaosnis~ ramdenime strofs (CubinaSvili 1961: 

258). asevea daviT CubinaSvilis leqsikonSiac: `(...) laRoba: x u m r 

o b a (...), zdilurad gavbedav x u m r o b a s (...)~ (CubinaSvili 1984: 

644). 

53

sagangebodaa aRsaniSnavi, rom am gagebiT am sityvas sasuliero 

pirebic xmaroben. asea rusTvelis epoqis mweral tbel abuseriZis 

naSromSi. Tavis sagvareulo matianeSi is mogviTxrobs: àmissave 

muSakobasa Sina qva¡ ganepo. xolo wmidaman mowameman hrqua: 

STadeg, basili, da ganzome ege, raodeni arso. da STadga mas Sina da 

SemoaWira wmidaman imier da amier miT ganapebiTa qvaTa¡Ta. basili 

£mayo: va¡me, rad momkal sawyalobeli da sabralo¡, wmidao mowameo!. 

xolo wmidaman, reca s i c i l i s s a x e d da l a R o b i s a ganzidna 

mas ganapebsa qvaTasa da hrqua: aRmo£ed da nu xar mowyinare msaxurebisa 

Cemisa da srul qmen taZari Cemio~ (abuseriZe 1941: 62). 

am Zeglis gamomcemeli levan musxeliSvili TandarTul 

leqsikonSi ganmartavs: `laRoba¡ (spar. laR) x u m r o b a, celqoba~ 

(gv. 71). xolo damowmebul teqsts amgvar komentars urTavs: àvtoris 

ueWveli niWis maCvenebelia (...) misi l a R o b a qvis ganapebis 

gazomvisas (T. XIV), romelic Zvelad morwmune mkiTxvelTa Soris 

uTuod x a r x a r s gamoiwvevda, CvenSic mxiarul R i m i l s iwvevs~ 

(gv. 3). 

vfiqrobT, `vefxistyaosnis~ Cven mier damowmebul teqstSi 

swored x u m r o b i T, o x u n j o b i T laRoba unda igulisxmebodes. 

garkveviT ar Cans, magram ufro amgvarive Sinaarsi unda 

hqondes am sityvas Semdeg striqonebSiac: 

54 

èrTgan dasxdes, i l a R o b e s, saubari asad ages~ (137. 1). 

`mive marto, qmarsa Cemsa v e l a R o b e, velacice~ (1153. 1). 

iust. abulaZe Tavis leqsikonSi amgvaradve ganmartavs sityvas 

`laciceba~: `x u m r o b a, kopwiaoba, ugulod mialerseba~ 

(abulaZe 1967: 306). mxedvelobaSi aqvs striqoni: `mive marto, qmarsa 

Cemsa velaRobe, v e l a c i c e~ (1153. 1). `vefxistyaosanSi~ es sityva 

sxvagan ar gvxvdeba. amgvari gageba misi winamdebare sityvidan 

(`velaRobe~) gamodis da gveeWveba, aq mas igive Sinaarsi hqondes. 

a. SaniZe mas ase xsnis: `vefere~ (SaniZe 1957: 366). s-s. orbeliani am 

teqstze miTiTebiT wers: `velacice xeliT aSikT TamaSoba, aSikis 

xeliT gaTamaSeba~ (sulxan-saba 1965: 264). 

iumoristuli laRoba daxasiaTebulia `wylianobad~, `sityva 

mravlad~. `wylianoba~ `vefxistyaosanSi~, sazogadod, niSnavs enawylianobas, 

karg moubars, mWevrmetyvels (str. 32. 4; 170. 1; 1270. 1; 

1583. 1) da upirispirdeba sityva `mqiss~. zogjer am sityvas vxedavT 

`laRobis~ gverdiT, roca is iumoris mniSvnelobiT ixmareba: 

`vaziri l a R o b s eniTa, w y l i a n a d moubnariTa~ (59. 4). 

èrTgan dasxdes da daiwyes kocna, l a R o b a w y l i a n i~ (1099. 1).

`vefxistyaosnis~ leqsikonebSi saxeldebiT aris miTiTebuli, 

rom zemoT damowmebul striqonSi `mikvirs, rad scals w y l i a 

n o b a d, rad ar gulsa Seiurvebs!~ (764. 2) `wylianoba~ sakuTriv 

xumrobas aRniSnavs. 

komikuris SinaarsiTaa agreTve gamoyenebuli sityva àmxanagoba~, 

romelic zogjer `laRobisa~da `wylianobis~ gverdiT 

gvxvdeba: 

à m x a n a g o b d e s, l a R o b d e s, iqiT da aqaT dgebodes~ (79. 2). 

`qrTamsa sTxovs da a m x a n a g o b s, Tuca cremlsa ar iwurvebs: 

_ mikvirs, rad scals w y l i a n o b a d, rad ar gulsa Seiurvebs!~ 

(764. 1-2). 

`fridon l a R i a m x a n a g o b s saubnarTa esodenTa, 

amas zeda g a i c i n n e s maT w y l i a n T a, sityva brZenTa, 

erTmanerTsa e l a R o b n e s l a R o b a T a maTTa mSvenTa~ (1407. 1-3 ). 

à m x a n a g o b d e s, l a R o b d e s waslvasa maT saqmeTasa~ (1497. 3). 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ gamoyenebulia `lizReba~ sityva, rac uSver, 

ulamazo xumrobas niSnavs: 

`sjobs siSore diacisa, visgan viTa daiTmobis: 

g i l i z R e b s da SegikveTebs, migindobs da mogendobis, 

marT anazdad giRalatebs, gahkveTs, rasca daesobis...~ (1081. 1-3). 

`wavida mona saubrad mis ymisa gul-mduRarisad, 

Tav-CamogdebiT mtirlisad, ar WvretiT m o l i z R a r i s a d~(86. 1-2). 

a. SaniZe pirvel striqonSi aRniSnul sityvas ase ganmartavs: 

`vnebiT Semogxedavs~, meore striqrnSi: `vnebiT Semyure~ (SaniZe 

1957: 367). es axsna swori ar unda iyos. zusti ar aris da ufro gadataniTi 

mniSvnelobiTaa igi warmodgenili sxva leqsikonebSi. 

iustine abulaZe: `cbieri alersi, fereba, laquci~ (abulaZe 

1967: 307). 

asevea konstantine WiWinaZis leqsikonSiac (WiWinaZe 1934: 

324). 

ufro sarwmunod migvaCnia vukol beriZis axsna: `molizRari 

mocinari~ (beriZe 1974: 62, 295). adrindeli leqsikografebi erTxmad 

miuTiTeben, rom saZiebel sityvaSi komikuri, xumroba igulisxmeba. 

sulxan-saba orbeliani: `lizRoba ra kaci uaRressa da upatiosnessa 

Tvissa kadnierad da x u m r o b i T etyodes da wyenas ar 

elodes~ (sulxan-saba 1965: 419). 

niko CubinaSvili: `lizRi uSverad da uridlad m o x u m a r i~ 

(CubinaSvili 1961: 260). 

55

daviT CubinaSvili: `lizRi uSverad m o x u m a r i (...). miliz- 

Reb uSverad m i x u m r e b, momatyuveb pirmoTneobiT, играешь со 

мною ш у т к у…~ (CubinaSvili 1984: 650). 

yovelive amis gamo, vfiqrobT, rusTveliseuli `lizRoba~ 

garkveuli doziT komikuris Semcvelia. 

igive unda vTqvaT `basroba~ sityvazec: 

56 

`man miTxra, Tu: ras vityodi mocTomili, g a b a s r u l i~ (632. 1). 

`sxva moyvare Tvalsa Cemsa gakicxula, g a b a s r u l a~ (862. 4). 

`maTTa colTa moiZulvnes. qmarni darCes g a b a s r u l a d~ (1075. 4). 

`vefxistyaosnis~ leqsikonebSi arc aq aRiniSneba, rom am sityvas 

komikuri Sinaarsic aqvs. ai, rogor ganmartaven mas: 

iust. abulaZe: `Sercxvena, gakilva~ (abulaZe 1967: 290). 

a. beriZe: `Sercxvenili~, `galanZRuli, Sercxvenili~ (beriZe 

1974: 196, 249, 294). 

a. SaniZe: `Sercxvena, gakicxva~ (SaniZe 1957: 351). 

d. CubinaSvili ki ase wers: `basroba gakicxva, пасмешка, m a s x- 

r a d a g d e b a~ (CubinaSvili 1984: 98). amgvari gageba Zveli qarTuli 

mwerlobis uamrav ZeglSi dasturdeba. samagaliTod mxolod XI 

saukunis istorikosis, juanSeris, naSromidan erT amonawers davimowmebT: 

`xolo cixesa kalisasa darCes kacni, da ara moerTnes 

mefesa; da cixiT gamoRmarT cixisTavman a g i n a mefesa da rqua: 

vacisa wuerni gasxen da vacbotisa kiseri gaTqs. maSin brZana mefeman: 

daRacaTu kacman aman b a s r o b i T mrqua me vacbotoba, ara 

ars cud sityva misi. da moiRo wigni daniel, da pova mas Sina werili 

esreT: gamovides vaci dasavlisa, da Semusrnes rqani verZisa aRmosavlisani. 

maSin ganixara mefeman da daidastura, rameTu yovelive 

ganemarjveboda sparsTa zeda~ (qarTlis cxovreba 1955: 224). 

`vefxistyaosanSiac~ am sityvas amgvarive Sinaarsi unda 

hqondes. 

Tu rusTveli zogjer iqve da pirdapir gvamcnobs, esa Tu is 

azri ra toniTaa gamoTqmuli, sxvagan amas xandayovnebiT akeTebs. 

magaliTad: 

nadirobis win sogratis xumrobis Semdeg rostevansa da 

avTandils Soris erTgvari paeqroba gaimarTa (str. 61-68). am 

paeqrobisas erTmaneTSia gadajaWvuli xumroba da seriozuloba. 

avtori kamaTis aRwerisas arsad migvaniSnebs, ra emociiTa naTqvami 

esa Tu is sityva, fraza, azri. kamaTis dasasruls ki aRniSnavs: 

ì c i n o d e s, ymawvilobdes, sayvarlad da kargad z m i d e s~ (69. 2). 

aqedan vgebulobT, am kamaTisas isini kidevac xumrobd-

nen. `zmides~ niSnavs, sazogadod, xumrobdnen, erTobodnen, Tavs 

iqcevdnen an, rogorc n. mars esmoda, zmebs, kalamburebs ambobdnen 

(darCia 1968: 67-85). 

komikuris zogierTi SemTxveva masze reagirebiT, gamowveuli 

siciliTaa aRniSnuli. zemoT damowmebul epizodebSi, tarielis 

daJinebul survilze, avTandils arabeTSi gahyves, avTandilma 

tarielis orive SemonaTvali xumrobiT rom gaaqilika, misi toni 

arsad aris miTiTebuli, igi mxolod tarielis mxiaruli sicili- 

Taa gamJRavnebuli da gamoxatuli: 

`mas g a e c i n n e s, g a R i m d a, hSvenoda mxiaruloba~ (1473. 2). 

`tariels ugavs s i c i l i brolisa vardTa frqvevasa~ (1566. 1). 

ZiriTadad ki `vefxistyaosanSi~ moqmedeba, situaciebi ise na- 

Telia, mwerlis idealebi, poziciebi imdenad garkveulia, rom komikuris 

niuansebic ki advili misaxvedri da gasagebia. 

aforizmi `kokasa Sigan raca dgas, igive warmodindebis~ (1094. 

4) damoukidebliv saqebradac SeiZleboda gagebuliyo, magram konteqstSi 

misi satiruli xasiaTi udavoa. aseve erTi da igive fraza 

sxvadasxva konteqstSi gansxvavebuli Sinaarsisa da tonis Semcvelia. 

tarieli qebiTa da siyvaruliT eubneba asmaTs: 

`...dao, egea m s g a v s i S e n i s a gulisa~ (274. 1). 

amave ganwyobilebis gamomxatvelia tarielisadmi avTandilis 

naTqvami: 

ège ars m s g a v s i gulisa lmobierisa T q v e n i s a~ (1477. 2). 

magram gamZvinvarebuli nestanis tarielisadmi mimarTva: 

àzrni Senni S e n v e g g v a n a n, mtyuansa da Sen ageTsa~ (527. 4) 

– mrisxane Zageba da dacinvaa. 

* * * 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ komikuri bevrgan brwyinvale mxatvrulobiTaa 

gadmocemuli. cxadia, mxolod misTvis raime gansakuTrebuli, 

specifikuri gamoxatvis saSualebani ar arsebobs. gamosaxvis 

Cveulebrivi xerxebi _ Sedarebebi, metaforebi, epiTetebi, romlebic 

sxva esTetikuri kategoriebisTvisaa gamoyenebuli, aseve 

kargad da warmatebiT komikurSic gvxvdeba. 

57

g. nadiraZem gviCvena, rom vard-bulbuliani, romelic, saer- 

Tod, poeziaSi mravalmxrivi simbolikis matarebelia da, Cveulebriv, 

gansakuTrebiT ki aRmosavleTis poetebsa da rusTvelTanac, 

tragikuli siyvarulis alegorias warmoadgens, fatmanisa da 

avTandilis urTierTobisas satirisa da iumoris iaraRad iqceva 

(nadiraZe 1958: 360-363). 

ucnobi avTandilisadmi asmaTis mimarTva: 

58 

`mze ar maxlavs, Segetyvebis, T r T v i l o, asre miT mawyeno!~ 

(237. 2), 

SesaniSnavi satiruli saxea. magram meoregan imave TrTvilTan 

Sedareba: 

`tarielis vardi iyo d a T r T v i l u r i, ar-damzrali~. 

(284. 1), 

an TinaTinis moSorebisas avTandils 

`viT mwvanvilsa T r T v i l i s a g a n, pirsa feri moakldebis~ (717. 3) 

_ orive adgilas tragikulis gamomxatvelia. 

diax asea, magram `vefxistyaosanSi~ aqa-iq mainc aris zogier- 

Ti iseTi saxe, gamoTqma, romelic ufro metad satirisa da iumoris 

Seqmnas emsaxureba. 

rogorc zemoTaa aRniSnuli, upativcemulobisa da ramdenadme 

abuCad agdebis Sinaarsisaa sityva `diaci~. amiT upirvelesad 

gamoxatulia `susti qaluri~ buneba: 

`mibrZana, Tu: xams d i a c i d i a c u r a d, saqme-dedlad~. 

(542. 1). 

`sjobs siSore d i a c i s a, visgan viTa daiTmobis: 

gilizRebs da SegikveTebs, migindobs da mogendobis, 

marT anazdad giRalatebs, gahkveTs, rasca daesobis, 

miT d i a c s a samalavi aras Tana ar eTxrobis~ (1081). 

`kacsa dasvris uguloba da d i a c s a bozi naci~ (1204. 4). 

TviT `vefxistyaosnis~ qalebs diacoba, diacuri saqcieli 

samarcxvino, dasacin Tvisebad miaCniaT. nestani ambobs: `d i a c u 

r a d rad movRordi~ (524. 1). fatmani: `vTqvi d i a c u r a d, xelurad~ 

(1206. 1). 

poemaSi diacurad moxseniebulia: fatmani (1092, 1098, 1100, 

1101, 1105, 1111, 1255), dularduxti (1221) da mxolod erTxel 

nestani da isic gaborotebuli, gakapasebuli davarisagan (578. 1). 

diacobiT daxasiaTebulia sisuste, Zabuni, ararainduli 

moqmedeba:

`qusli vhkar da davuqcive, daizaxnes d i a c u r va!~ (614. 4). 

`kaci jabani raTa sjobs d i a c s a qslisa mbeWvelsa?~ (799. 3). 

satiruli SefasebisTvisaa gamoyenebuli, rogorc es saqarTveloSia 

gavrcelebuli, yvavTan, virTan, jorTan, Txasa da sxva 

cxovelebTan Sedareba: 

`misTa spaTasa nu dahxoc, z r o x a T a viTa, v i r T a o~ (543. 3). 

`rasca miwvrTixar, iwvarTe; gkadro, uwvrTeli v i r i a~ (931. 4). 

`Semomyare kaeSnisa tvirTi mZime, viTa v i r s a~ (958. 3). 

`magra ityvis: Cemi sjobso, ucilobobs viTa j o r i~ (15. 4). 

`maT laSqarTa gul-uSiSrad asre hxocda, viTa T x a s a~. 

(1044. 1). 

vardis, bulbulisa da yvavis, nexvis, lomis, mglisa da 

Txis, agreTve Svlis dapirispirebiT Seqmnili Sedarebebi da 

metaforebi: 

`Tqva: y v a v i v a r d s a ras aqmnevs, anu ra misi feria! 

magra mas zeda b u l b u l s a jerT tkbilad ar umReria~ (1090). 

`marTlad Tqmula: ara hmarTebs y v a v s a v a r d i, v i r s a rqani~ (1166. 4). 

ìtyvis, Tu: mnaxeT, mijnurno, igi, vin v a r d i-a visad, 

umisod n e x v T a zeda vzi b u l b u l i msgavsad y v a v i s a d!~ 

(1253. 3-4). 

`fatman mas zeda ixarebs marT viTa i a d o n i a, 

Tu y v a v i v a r d T a iSovebs, Tavi b u l b u l i hgonia~ (1254. 3-4). 

`CvenTa m g e l T a c a dasWamen, Tqvenni, indoTa T x a n i a~ (421. 4). 

ìgi mterni g a m i l o m d e s, aqanamdis rome v i T x e n~ (596. 3). 

`Tavni maTni g a a l o m n e s, maTi mbrZoli i S v e l-i T x e s~ (1424. 4). 

calke unda iTqvas, rom komikuris SeqmnisTvis erT-erTi 

iseTi gavrcelebuli xerxi, rogoricaa gazviadeba, `vefxistyaosanSi~ 

TiTqmis ara gvaqvs. aforizmebsa da sentenciebSi gvxvdeba 

gadaWarbebebi, hiperbola, romlebic komikuris efeqtsac iZleva, 

magram isini TavisTavad saamisod gaazrebuli, komikurisTvis gamiznuli 

ar Cans. 

Tumca poemaSi komikuri sxvadasxva mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi 

saSualebebiTaa warmosaxuli, mainc unda iTqvas, rom mis si- 

Zlieres ara imdenad poetur-teqnikuri xerxebi qmnis, ramdenadac 

Sinaarsi, komikuri situaciis aRwera iZleva. 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ maRali da dabali Sairis gamoyenebis kanonzomierebis 

dadgenisas iyo cda, poemis ritmuli monacvleoba 

asaxul ganwyobilebaTa cvalebadobiTac axsniliyo. vukol beriZe 

fiqrobda: `maRali anu Cqari Sairi SoTas upiratesad gamoyenebuli 

aqvs maSin, rodesac mdgomareoba, saqmis viTareba dauyovnebliv 

59

moqmedebas moiTxovs; amave SairiT gadmocemulia ufro xSirad m x 

i a r u l e b a, s a l a R o b o s c e n e b i~ (beriZe 1961: 118). 

Salva Rlontma sworad miuTiTa, rom am debulebis meore 

naxevari ar marTldeba (Rlonti 1961: 126-127). vinaidan poemaSi 

mxiarulebis, salaRobo tonis Semqmneli komikuri situaciebic 

aris, Cveni mxridanac unda davZinoT, komikuri movlenebis gadmocemisas 

gansxvavebuli Sairis gamoyenebis raime kanonzomiereba ar 

SeimCneva. 

* * * 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ komikuri, ra Tqma unda, uwinaresad Tavis 

uSualo daniSnulebas asrulebs. esaa mxiaruli ganwyobilebis Seqmna, 

gaxaliseba, emociuri kritika. mweralma am mxrivac gamoiCina 

didi ostatoba. ar gadavaWarbebT, Tu vityviT, misi komizmi upirvelesad 

damoukidebeli mxatvruli fenomenia. 

garda am pirdapiri daniSnulebisa, poemaSi komikurs sxva 

damatebiTi mxatvruli funqciebis Sesrulebac uxdeba. arc erTi 

misi nimuSi gancalkevebulad ar dgas. yvela siuJetTanaa dakav- 

Sirebuli da nawarmoebis mTlian ideur-mxatvrul srulyofas emsaxureba. 

am TvalsazrisiT ganvixiloT zogierTi maTgani. 

TxzulebaSi sami Turqi Zmis (str. 196-213) kompoziciuri 

daniSnuleba gasagebia. avtors maTi gamoyvana imisTvis dasWirda, 

rom avTandilis mier ucxo moymis kvalis povna mxatvrulad daesabuTebina. 

Zmebma, miuxedavad imisa, rom mZime mdgomareobaSi imyofebodnen, 

Tavi satirladac hqondaT da kidevac tirodnen, avTandils 

tarielTan Setakeba komikuri ferebiT mouTxres. 

...Cven galaRebuli vnadirobdiT; uceb gamoCnda moyme, `kuSti, 

pir-gamquSavi~, magram umSvenieresi vaJkaci. `jerT misi msgavsi 

Sveneba kacTagan unaxavia~; `vTqviT, Tu mzeao qveyanad~. am sanaxaobiT 

gaocebulT `misi mogvinda Sepyroba~. rogorc ki Sesruleba 

davapireT, man 

60 

ìgi tkbilni gonebani CvenTvis metad gaamyifna: 

ar agvixvna, arca dagvsxna, yola arad ar mogvkrifna, 

misni m k v a x e d m o u b a r n i m a T r a x i T a S e g v a m w i f n a!~ (207). 

am bolo striqonis Sesaxeb revaz TvaraZe wers: `xSirad magondeba 

xolme es ubralo striqoni da yoveli gaxsenebisas vfiqrob: 

ramdenad naTeli msoflSegrZneba unda hqonoda mis avtors, rom 

am daZabul epizodSi g a s c i n e b o d a da agre gonebamaxvilurad 

g a e m a s x r e b i n a xataeli monadireni, raoden uxvad unda hqono-

da mas mimadlebuli Tviseba, romelic axal saukuneebSi, moyolebuli 

renesansis epoqidan, ase didad fasobs da romelsac iumoris 

grZnobas uwodeben. xsenebuli striqoni SemTxveviTi araa arc 

`vefxistyaosnisTvis~ da arc saerTod qarTuli literaturis- 

Tvis. Cvenma winaprebma icodnen R i m i l i s fasi da Sesabamisad 

udaxvewiles gamoTqmebs an mTel epizodebs CaurTavdnen xolme 

TavianT qmnilebebSi~ (TvaraZe 1960: 4). 

iumori ara marto am strofis xazgasmul sityvebSia, mTel 

moqmedebaSic SeimCneva. 

Zmebi kmayofilni, mxiarulni iyvnen. saerTo nadirobaSi gamarjvebulebi, 

galaRebulni erTmaneTs ejibrebodnen. aseT amaRlebul 

xasiaTze myofT, gaamayebulT, ucxo moymis Sepyroba did 

ambad ar sCvenebiaT. imdenad iyvnen TavianT ZalebSi darwmunebulni, 

rom erTmaneTs ecilebodnen, ara me mival da ara meo; misi martodmarto, 

dauxmareblad damorCileba sasiamovno, gasarTob saqmed 

esaxebodaT. 

magram tarielma ganzraxuli maT erTbaSad gaucrua da mere 

rogor? _ mxolod da mxolod maTraxiT, xmlis xmarebac saWirod 

ar cno: 

`man xrmalsa xeli ar mihyo, Cven amad daverideniT, 

Tavsa gardahkra maTraxi, vnaxeT sisxlisa ki deniT. 

miT erTiTa maTraxiTa Tavi asre gardahfriwa, 

viTa mkvdari usulo qmna, viTa miwa daamiwa, 

misi rasme mkadrebeli moamdabla, moamiwa~ (208-209). 

Semdeg, viTom aq araferiao, 

àRar dabrunda, wavida wynarad da auCqareblad~ (210. 1). 

ra funqcia eniWeba aq komikurs? 

situaciis mixedviT misi gamoyenebis saWiroeba ar Cans, miT 

ufro, dazaralebulTa mxridan. mosalodneli iyo, aRtyinebul 

mdgomareobaSi myof Zmebs tarielze cudi eTqvaT, av da ficx kacad 

warmoedginaT is da amiT, ramdenadme mainc, Tavi emarTlebinaT, 

vinem aseTi TanamgrZnobi, mosiyvarule iumoriT moeTxroT 

mis Sesaxeb. Zmebis aseTi saqcieli uTuod sulis mxneobis, vaJkacobis 

maCvenebelia (TvaraZe 1960: 4). amave dros, tarielis amaRlebasac 

emsaxureba. 

ukve meramdened vambobT, rusTvelisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

niSan-Tvisebaa, Tavis sayvarel gmirebs Crdili ar miayenos. 

am epizodiT avTandili da mkiTxveli tariels meorejer ecno- 

61

ian, amjerad Zmebis daxasiaTebiT. mweralma arc aq dauSva, masze 

raime cudi Tqmuliyo. Zmebs Tavi gaamtyunebina, _ Tavisive piriT 

daagmobina TavianTi moufiqrebeli, msubuqi saqcieli, magram ise, 

rom arc eseni gawira, briyvebad ar gamoiyvana. 

Tu aq, erTi mxriv, tarielis Zlevamosileba, amave dros, 

uguneboba da amis gamo ramdenadme momxdurTa mimarT samarTliani, 

magram mainc ulmobeli risxva gamoCnda, meore mxriv, Cveni gmiris 

moqmedeba misi sisastikis maCvenebelicaa. iumori ki bevr saqmes 

akeTebs: dazaralebulTa bageebze gaelvebuli Rimili maTdami moqneul 

maTraxs simwvaves aclis da misgan miyenebul tkivilebs anelebs. 

am iumoriTve Zmebis gonebisa da sulis siZliere mJRavndeba, 

rac maT nalaparakevs kidev met fassa da Zalas aniWebs. iumoriT 

dajildoebuli pirovnebani xom yvelgan saintereso da momxibvlelebi 

arian. 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ komikuri zogjer erTgvar hiperbolas 

qmnis. misi gmirebis sazogadoebaSi gamoCena xSirad komikur aJiotaJs 

iwvevs. 

avTandili rom pirvelad mulRazanzars mivida, fridoni 

Tavis amalasTan erTad nadirobda. mxleblebi stumris xilviT 

gaocdnen: 

62 

ìgi ra naxes, mesrolni srolasa moeSlebodes, 

alya daSales, movides, moexveodes, bndebodes, 

iqiT da aqaT uvlides, zogni ukana hyvebodes, 

verca hkadrebdes: vin xaro, verca ras eubnebodes~ (981). 

am ambis maRlobidan Semyure 

`fridons ukvirda: ra qmneso, misTa spaTaTvis wyreboda~ (982. 4). 

man saswrafod mona gagzavna, wadi, naxe, gaige, ra moxdao. magram 

amas kidev uaresi mouvida: 

`mona ficxla moegeba, naxa saro, morCi tani, 

dadga, Tvalni gauretdes, daaviwydes sityvis Tqmani~ (983. 3-4). 

igive xdeba avTandilis gulanSaroSi misvlisas: 

`zari gaxda, Semoakrbes qalaqisa erni srulad, 

iqiT-aqaT ijarvodes: vuWvritoTo amas rulad! 

zogni ndomiT Sehfrfvinvides, zogni iyvnes sul-wasrulad; 

maTTa colTa moiZulvnes, qmarni darCes gabasrulad~ (1075). 

g. nadiraZe am strofs aseT komentars urTavs: `... bunebis sxva 

fenomenebisagan gansxvavebiT mopirdapire sqesis adamianTa cno-

ierebaSi lamazi qalisa da mamakacis Wvreta iSviaTad iwvevs wminda 

esTetikur emocias. umetesad silamazis grZnobas uneburad 

daerTvis sqesobrivi grZnoba, an es ukanaskneli sruliad Crdi 

lavs pirvels. amitomac rusTaveli iqve odnavi h u m o r i T SeniSnavs: 

zogni ndomiT Sehfrfinvides...~ (nadiraZe 1958: 152-153). 

vazirTan stumrobisas avTandilis 

`...SemxedvelTa guli maTi marTl axeles, 

misTa mWvretTa misTvis bneda TavisaTvis isaxeles~ (731. 1-2). 

tarieli avTandils uyveba: 

`vinc mnaxis, eyvis erT wlamdis k v e x a n a x v i s a C e m i s a~. 

(rusTveli 1966: str. 335) 

nestani rom naxes, 

`misgan damwvarni miscnian gulni WvretiTa lxenasa~ (1538. 4). 

cxadia, es magaliTebi komikurad gamoyvanil personaJTa mxilebas 

ki ara, avTandilis, tarielisa da nestanis mSvenierebis win 

wamowevasa da Cvenebas emsaxureba. 

TxzulebaSi komikuriT gadmocemuli zogierTi movlena 

ufro cxovelmyofeli da STambeWdavia. magaliTad: saerTo bednierebis, 

lxinisa da mxiarulebis Jams saCuqrebis gacema asea 

aRwerili: 

`larsa hxvetdian laSqarni, marT viTa mekobrenia~ (54. 4). 

àlafobdes saWurWlesa missa, viTa naTurqalsa~ (55. 1). 

`perperasa dafantulsa zeda scveTden, viTa xidsa~ (1437. 4). 

aq, erTi mxriv, komikuri Seferilobis hiperboliT naCvenebia 

saCuqrebis simravle da sidiade, xolo, meore mxriv, amgvarad aRwerili 

ambebi mkiTxvelSi Rimils iwvevs da, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, 

amiT mas lxinis monawiled xdis. 

komikuris roli yuradRebas ipyrobs im epizodSi, sadac aRwerilia 

tarielTan meored wasvlis nebarTvisaTvis avTandilis 

vazirTan misvla da rostevanis winaSe vaziris Suamdgomloba. am 

monakveTis stroful Sedgenilobaze rusTvelologiaSi sxvadasxva 

mosazreba arsebobs da komikuris funqcia zogjer saTanadod 

ver aris gagebuli. 

gavixsenoT es epizodi. 

Tanaxmad tarielTan dadebuli pirobisa, avTandili masTan 

meoredac unda wavides. im mizniT, rom gviCvenos, Tu ra mtkicea 

masSi megobrobis grZnoba da àr gatexa ficisa~, avtorma am wminda 

63

misiis gzaze mas garkveuli barierebi Seuqmna da gadaalaxvina. mijnuri 

raindisTvis TinaTinTan ganSoreba isedac àTasjer va~ iyo, 

magram misTvis ufro rTuli rostevanis winaaRmdegobis daZleva 

gaxldaT. Tu ganyenebulad vimsjelebT, ar SeiZleboda, avTandilis 

mier motanil cnobebs mefe daekmayofilebina da am saocari 

ucxo moymis Semdgomi bediT ar dainteresebuliyo. nawarmoebSi 

ki amaze araferia naTqvami, garda imisa, rom ùtarielod xseneba 

arvisgan ikadreboda~ (723. 4). aq isea gamoyvanili, rom amdeni xnis 

ganSorebis Semdeg moxuci mefe Tavis spaspetsa da uaxloes, sayvarel 

adamians kidev ver daSordeba. es avTandils Segnebuli aqvs. 

amitom masTan Sesvla ver gaubednia da Suakacobis gawevas vazirs 

avalebs. 

vaziri da spaspeti erTmaneTTan Sexumrebulni Canan. roca 

avTandilma Tavisi ganzraxva maspinZels gaacno, xumrobiT daayola: 

64 

`miaje amod gaSveba da Tavi gaigmireo, 

asi aTasi wiTeli Sen qrTamad Seiwireo~ (741. 3-4). 

qrTamze aq xumrobiTaa saubari. Tumca avTandilma Semdeg 

vazirs didi da `danapirebi~ saCuqari marTlac gaugzavna, didi 

madloba moaxsena da bodiSic mouxada, Sens vals rogor gadavixdio. 

ai, es strofebic: 

`Sekra wiTeli asi aTasi pirad mzeman da tanad saroman, 

samasi Tavi stavra-atlasi uxvman, niadag miumcdaroman, 

samoci Tvali lal-iagundi ferad marT viTa miumxvdaroman 

kaci gagzavna vazirisasa, ese yvelai misTvis aro man~ . 

`SesTvala, Tu: raca gmarTebs, viT mogce da viT gaqono, 

valTa SenTa gardsaxdelad ra nacvali movigono? 

TuRa davrCe, SenTvis movkvde, Tavi Cemi dagamono, 

siyvaruli siyvarulsa Segicalo, Segiwono~ (771-772). 

magram eseni iseTive Cveulebrivi Tavaziani mikiTxv-mokiTxva 

iyo, rac `vefxistyaosanSi~ xSiria. gana pirvelad avTandili da 

misi mxleblebi TviT vazirma ar daasaCuqra?! 

`... vazirman qmnna Wama-smani maTni ferni, 

umaspinZla, Z R v e n n i u Z R v n a Sveniersa S v e n i e r n i, 

m i s n i m y o l n i a-ve-a v s n a, m o y m e n i da Tunda b e r n i~ (770). 

vazirma SesaniSnavad gaigo avTandilis xumroba da manac 

aseve, siciliT upasuxa: Sengan kidev qrTamis miReba raRa saWiroa, 

wyalobad es davalebac sakmarisia. rogorc ki amas mefes movaxseneb, 

is `maxaroblobisTvis~ maSinve saCuqrebiT amavsebso:

`vazirman uTxra s i c i l i T: qrTami Sen gqondes Senia! 

Sengan kma Cemad wyalobad, rome gza gagiCenia. 

magas ra vhkadreb mefesa, raca aw Sengan msmenia, 

vici, ucilod amavsebs, Soeba ar-sawyenia~ (742). 

Semdeg seriozulad ganagrZo, magram Siga da Sig iumori mainc 

SeinarCuna: 

`Tavman misman, munve momklavs, veWv, wamica ar wamaros! 

S e n i o q r o S e n v e d a g r C e s, me, glax, m i w a m e s a m a r o s~ (743. 1-2). 

vaziri avTandils uxsnis, Tu ramdenad Zneli, miuRweveli da, 

amdenad, sasaciloc aris misi Txovna. winaswar dauxata, rac daemarTeboda. 

`yma atirda~ da cremliT evedreba daxmarebas. Tanac 

faruli iumoric Seuria: 

`vici, CemTvis aras gizams, T u a r u n d i g a s a Z e b l a d~ (750. 3). 

bolos da bolos vazirma `Tavi gaigmira~ da mefesTan Sevida. 

sacodav dReSi Cavarda. `mefe daxvda Sekazmuli, piri mzeebr ewaRmarTa~ 

(752. 2). TviTon ki xmas ver iRebs: 

`SeuSinda, sawyenlisa moxseneba ver SehmarTa, 

dayriT dadga, igonebda ar saqmeTa saomarTa~ (752. 3-4). 

vaziris Seuferebeli, sasacilo mdgomareoba naTelia, Tumca 

yovelive es winaswar hqonda warmodgenili da gaTvaliswinebuli. 

man Zala moikriba da Sesaferi taqtiTa da mokrZalebiT Tqva, 

risTvisac iyo mosuli. patronma erTbaSad ifeTqa: 

`ra mefeman moismina, gaulisda, gaavcnobda, 

feri hkrTa da gasaSiSrda, SemxedvelTa SeaSTobda; 

Seuzaxna: rasTvis hSmagob, magas sxvamca vin miTxrobda! 

avsa kacsa urCevnia, avsamca ras adre scnobda!~ (756). 

rostevani mometebulad iyenebs damcinav sityvebs: 

`viTamc rame saxaruli saqme miTxar viTa adrad... 

agre Smagi ar vazirad, ara vargxar arca sxvad rad!~ (757. 1, 4). 

`wa, ukudeg! avi, Smagi, umecari, Slegi, wbili! 

SabaS sityva, SabaS kaci, SabaS saqme, misgan qmnili!~ (759. 3-4). 

65

ukiduresobamde misulma rostevanma bolos skamic ki esrola. 

vaziri cocxalmkvdari gamovida. poeti iumoristulad ur- 

Tavs, `gamoZrwa da gamomelda~-o. miuxedavad imisa, rom am dReSi 

Cavarda, mas, xelmocarulsa da gawbilebuls, mainc hyofnis Zala, 

avTandils gaexumros: 

66 

`madli ra gkadro, aw Tqvengan, gavxasdi me maSa viTa~ (763. 3). 

v. nozaZe am striqons ase ganmartavs: `sogratsa surs Tqvas: 

me ustasra da vaziri ubralo warCinebulad gadaviqeci da Cems 

patrons vawyenineo. sograti Tavis Tavs xasze maRla ayenebs~ 

(nozaZe 1958: 55). 

Cveni azriT, vaziri avTandils, piriqiT, ironiuli xumrobiT 

eubneba: iseT xasad, didebulad maqcie, ar vici, madloba riTi gadagixadoo. 

igi xumrobas kvlav agrZelebs da SemoTavazebul `qr- 

Tams~ àmasxaravebs~. sacilobeli striqoni rom xumrobiTaa naTqvami, 

amas momdevno strofic adasturebs: 

`qrTamsa sTxovs da amxanagobs, Tuca cremlsa ar iwurvebs~. 

(764. 1) 

aq naTqvamia, rom gawbilebuli mociquli erTdroulad 

kidevac xumrobs da kidevac tiris. m. maxaTaZe aRniSnavs: `mefisgan 

ukadrisad gamoZevebuli~ ùstasra, anu (...) vazirTa yovelTa upirvelesi~, 

àvTandils (...) mware xumrobiT sayvedurobs: ar vici, 

ra madli gkadro (imis gamo, rom Seni meoxebiT) me (...) ase gavxasdi 

(gavdidebuldio)~ (maxaTaZe 1960: 3; maxaTaZe 1966: 223). 

daZabulobas rom xazi erTxel kidev gaesvas, mwerali 

SeniSnavs: 

`mikvirs, rad scals w y l i a n o b a d, rad ar gulsa S e i u r v e b s~ (764. 2). 

maSasadame, yoveli detali naTlad gvisuraTebs, Tu avTandilisTvis 

wasvla ra Znelia. erTaderTi gamosavali gaparvaa! 

am sceniT es mTavari mizani miRweulia. magram iqmneba safr- 

Txe: rostevani sastiki da ulmobeli ar gamovides. am Sexla-SemoxlaSi 

ar daikargos is Tbili, megobruli, mamaSviluri urTierToba, 

rac mas, rogorc patrons, avTandilisa da vaziris mimarT aqvs 

da romlis gafarToebisa da ganmtkicebis ideas mTeli nawarmoebi 

eZRvneba. 

Cveni STabeWdilebiT, am mxares movlenisadmi komikuri 

damokidebuleba awesrigebs. 

komikuri jer xels uwyobs viTarebis gamZafrebas: aRniSnul 

saqmeze mefesTan Sesvla da Suamdgomloba imdenad fuWi da uazroa, 

rom sasaciloa. vaziri TviTonve winaswar xatavs, ra sasacilo

mdgomareobaSi Cavardeba. marTlac, ase xdeba. mefem is mkacri 

satiriT gamolanZRa. diax, komikuri xels uwyobs am simwvavis 

Seqmnas. magram es simwvave sxva Zalisa da xasiaTisaa. avTandili, vaziri 

da mkiTxveli kargad grZnoben, rom mefis simkacre maTdami 

siyvaruliTaa gapirobebuli. vazirs es aZlevs Zalas, komikurad 

gaiazros mefis wyroma da misgan gamosulma amaze ioxunjos. vaziri 

aq amiT daxatulia keTil, guliTad, Wkvian da gonebamaxvil 

adamianad. 

* * * 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ komikuri sxvaganac TvalsaCino rols asrulebs 

personaJTa xasiaTebis gamovlenaSi. magaliTad, esaa tarielis 

gonebamaxvili, uaRresad adamianuri, Tbili, mxiaruli buneba 

an nestanis Seupovari, mebrZoli xasiaTi. 

tarielis tragizmiT gamowveulma qmedebam zogierT Cven did 

mecniersac ki sababi misca, igi SedarebiT uxeS, tlanq, mouxerxebel, 

SiSveli fizikuri Zalis mqone pirovnebad daexasiaTebina 

(baramiZe 1945: 181-203). 

tarielis gamWriaxi goneba, sulis mxneoba, sicocxlisunarianoba, 

adamianuri silbo komikuriTac ixateba. mas Semdeg, rac kargaxans 

tyeSi nadirebTan gavardnili da kacTagan miukarebeli iyo, 

acxadebs: 

`mZuls gauwyvetlad kuStoba da sul-mZimoba, didoba~ (1488. 2). 

es ar aris misi litoni gancxadeba. igi bunebiT sicocxliT 

savse, laRi da maxvili iumoriT dajildoebuli raindia. misi 

sityvebia: 

àmoa kargi laRoba, laRsa S-ve-iqms laRebad~ (1376. 4). 

tarielma gulwrfeli iumoriT mouTxro avTandils Tavisi 

samijnuro cieb-cxeleba, _ dabneda, areuloba da gaurkvevloba 

mefis karze, nestanis werilTan dakavSirebiT Tavisi dabneuloba. 

nestanis kvalis mignebis Semdeg javrukuyrilma tarielma 

mulRazanzarSi misvlisas mSvenieri saoxunjo saqme moigona: 

`mun avTandils indo etyvis: gaqmnev kargTa siSmageTa, 

modi, fridons velaRobneT, jogsa missa movadgeTa! 

jogi wavuRoT, mosrulni vesmiT jogisa waRebad, 

gamoemarTvis saomrad, velTa sisxliTa daRebad, 

anazdad gvicnobs, gakrTebis, gulsa Sehlamis daRebad~. 

(1375-1376). 

67

68 

marTlac ase gamovida. Zmadnaficebma jer 

`dauwyes pyroba taiWsa fridonis ukeTesebsa~ (1377. 1). 

mejogeebi TavdamsxmelTa TavxedobiT gaocdnen da 

ùyivles: vin xarT, moymeno, vin iqmT saqmesa zesebsa? 

jogi misia, vin mtersa hkravs xrmalsa, ar akvnesebsa~ (1377. 3-4). 

tarielma da avTandilma araTu ukan daixies, TviT mejogeebsac 

ki gamoudgnen: 

`maT mSvildebi daiwvades, mejogeTa gaekidnes. 

mejogeni miizaxdes, xmani maTni gaadidnes: 

gviSveleTo, gviSveleTo, mekobreTa amogvwyvidnes! 

xma Seiqmna, Seiyarnes, fridons hkadres, ar dahridnes~ (1378). 

saWurvelasxmuli fridoni `momxvdurTa~ winaaRmdeg sabr- 

Zolvelad dauyovnebliv gamoemarTa: 

`Seekazma fridon, Sejda Sekazmuli gamovida. 

xma Seiqmna, Seiyarnes, razmi velTa dahfarvida~ (1379. 1-2). 

da uceb fridons mekobreTa nacvlad xelT uZvirfasesi stumrebi 

SerCa! tarieli kvlav enamoswrebulad exumreba: 

`fridons uTxra: rasa hlami, Cveni moslva ras gewyina? 

purad avi maspinZeli mogvegebvi omad wina!~ (1380. 3-4). 

qajeTis cixis aRebis Semdeg gamarjvebulma raindebma zRva- 

Ta mefis samflobeloSi gamoiares. udroobis gamo sasaxleSi ver 

mividnen. mefe Zvirfas stumrebs qveynis ganapira mxares Seegeba, 

didi lxini gaumarTa da sakadrisi saCuqrebi miarTva. tarielma 

uRrmesi madloba gadaixada, sasaxleSi rom ver mividnen da maspin- 

Zlebi aqeT moiyvanes, amaze iumoriT CaurTo: 

`vici, Sori-Sor ar Cavla Cven Tqveni kargad vqmeniTa~ (1441. 4). 

arabeTSi misvlisas tarielma rostevans gulTbili iumoriT 

SeuTvala: 

`ZRveni ara maqvs, mmowmoben fridon da misni ymania, 

oden ZRvnad Tqveni avTandil me TqvenTvis momitania~ (1506. 3-4). 

ramaz mefis mier gamogzavnili mociqulebisa da Tavisi jaris 

Ramis Teva tariels ase aqvs aRwerili:

`mociqulni davayenen, xarga davdgi, ar mazrebi, 

metad amod vualerse, erTgan dawves viT mayrebi~ (431. 3-4). 

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, ufro brZolebisas, tarielis iumori 

mwvave da mrisxanec xdeba. gavimeoroT zemoT damowmebuli 

striqonebi. erTgan is ambobs: 

`cxensa kaci gakveTili mandikurad gardavhkidi~ (448. 3). 

ramaz mefes eSmakobam ar gaumarTla. is da misi laSqari tariels 

tyved Cauvarda. bevric daexoca. tarieli gadmogvcems: 

`Zilisa mihxvda nacvali Zil-mkrTalTa, Rame TeulTa, 

tyveTa mrTelTaca ar aklda kvnesa, marT viTa sneulTa~ (452. 3-4). 

xolo urCi da amayi ramaz mefis metamorfozas ase axasiaTebs: 

`tkbilad naxa xelmwifeman, viTa Svili saakvane, 

orguli da moRalate namsaxursa davagvane~ (468. 2-3). 

farsadanis mier ramazis Semorigebas da mis dasaCuqrebas 

iumornarevi kiloTi aRwers: 

`xaraja dasdves, SehkveTes drahkani asjer asia, 

kvla xatauri aTasi, sxva stavra, sxva atlasia. 

merme yvelai damosa, igi da misi xasia, 

Sewyalebuli gagzavna, u y o r i s x v i s a f a s i a~ (471). 

viTomcda farsadans moRalate ramazis damarcxebisa da misadmi 

zianis miyenebisTvis vali hqonda gadasaxdeli! 

es tarielis Sesaxeb. amave TvaliT SevxedoT nestandarejans. 

msoflio literaturis istoriaSi nestanis msgavsi nazi, 

faqizi, mgrZnobiare qali,albaT, iSviaTad Tu moiZebneba. magram 

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi es angelozi mandilosani saocrad mrisxane 

da Seupovari xdeba. tariels is ase warmoudga: 

`qve wva, viT kldisa napralsa vefxi pir-gamexebuli~ (522. 1). 

da es ar iyo poza. mis garegnul gamometyvelebas zustad Seesabameba 

is mrisxane, satiriTa da sarkazmiT savse sityvebi, romli- 

Tac tariels mimarTa: 

69

70 

`kvlaca miTxra: ras geubna mtyuansa da Sen muxTalsa? 

diacurad rad movRordi? me davuwvav amiT alsa~ (524. 3-4). 

`gaxsovs odes `ha-has~ hzmidi, cremlni Senni velTa hbandes, 

mkurnalni da dastaqarni wamalTa-ye mogitandes? 

mamacisa sicruveTa, netar, sxvani ramca hgvandes!~ (526. 1-3). 

ège agre ar iqmnebis, wa, momcTarxar mosaceTsa, 

azrni Senni Senve ggvanan, mtyuansa da Sen ageTsa!~ (527. 3-4). 

es sificxe Crdils ar ayenebs nestanis pirovnebas. piriqiT, 

erTians, monoliTursa da mtkices aCens mas. amitom iyo tarielis 

mexsierebaSi is aRibeWda rogorc mSveniereba, _ `vefxi pirgamexebuli~, 

xolo imJamad am sificxem daanaxva, ramdenad hyvarebia mas 

igi da imedi Caesaxa: 

`Tqva: ra mesma ese misgan, meimeda metis-metad~ (529. 1). 

nestani dascinis gadawyvetilebas, xvarazmSahis Svilze 

gaaTxovon: 

`me da Sen visxdeT xelmwifed, sjobs yovlsa siZe-sZlobasa~. 

(537. 4). 

nestanis mijnurisadmi micemuli rCeva-darigeba Tavisi SinaarsiT 

komikuria, romlis Tanaxmadac tarielma farsadans, vi- 

Tomcda simarTle iyo, risxviT SeuTvala: 

`me, Tqvenma mzeman, maSoros ndoma Tqvenisa qalisa!~ (563. 4). 

nestanma imTaviTve gaiTvaliswina, am rCevis Sedegad, mamamisi 

ra komikur viTarebaSi aRmoCndeboda: 

`qnas mefeman y e l-m o t e x i T Semoxvewa, Semokvdoma, 

xelTa mogcems Tavsa Cemsa, Segvferobdes erTgan sxdoma~ (545. 3-4). 

msgavsad nestanisa, asmaTisTvisac satira basri iaraRia. is 

moZalade avTandils damcinavi sityvebiT umaspinZldeba: 

`qalman uTxra: ras Segeswar, me vin varo anu Seno? 

mze ar maxlavs, Segetyvebis, T r T v i l o, asre miT mawyeno! 

grZeli sityva sawyinoa, asreT mokled mogaxseno: 

verasaTvis ver giambob, raca ginda igi qmeno!~ (237). 

ra xerxs ar mimarTa maSin avTandilma. xvewna-mudaram rom 

ver gasWra, `yelsa dana daabjina~ da sikvdiliT daemuqra. asmaTi 

ki uars kvlav mware satiruli, paradoqsuli sityvebiT amagrebs:

`Tu ar momklav, ar movkvdebi, mrTeli var da moukvdavi… ... 

kvla Tu momklav, sasaubrod aRar medgas zeda Tavi~ (240. 2, 4). 

`me Tavi Cemi nebiTa CemiTa mogakvlevino, 

viTa ustari bediTi advilad dagaxevino~ (241. 3-4). 

avTandili samSobloSi droebiT wamosvlis Semdeg isev brundeba 

tarielTan, magram, Tanaxmad SeTanxmebisa, is qvabSi ar xvdeba. 

amaze man sayveduri gamoTqva da megobars ficis gatexa daabrala. 

asmaTma mas dinjad auxsna tarielis es saqcieli da bolos paradoqsuli 

andaza daayola: 

`TviT raca hbrZanoT, marTal xarT: s x v a s x v i s a o m s a 

b r Z e n i a~ (850. 4). 

rodesac asmaTma tariels nestanis dakargvis ambavi auwya, 

Tavis am saqcielze mware ironiiT Tqva: 

`magra viTa g a g a x a r n e, Senca agre S e m i w y a l e~ (571. 2). 

àw igi miyav, ra mmarTebs amissa m a x a r o b e l s a~ (583. 2). 

interesmoklebuli ar aris agreTve movlenebisadmi avTandilisa 

da fridonis komikuri damokidebulebani. 

zemoT vaCveneT, Tu ra maxvili da keTilganwyobili iumoriT 

moepyra avTandili tarielis winadadebas, jer arabeTs stumrebodnen, 

xolo arabeTidan indoeTSi tarieli uavTandilod wasuliyo. 

TavisTavad iumoris klasikuri nimuSia avTandilis mier moxmobili 

araki WaSi Cavardnili kacis Sesaxeb da situaciisadmi misi 

misadageba: 

`ymaman uTxra: ege saqme amas hgavso, ara sxvasa: 

orni kacni movidodes sadaurni sadme gzasa, 

ukanaman wina naxa Cavardnili Sigan Wasa, 

zeda midga, Cahyioda, tirs, izaxis vaglax-vasa. 

egre uTxra: amxanago, iyav manda, momicade, 

waval TokTa mosaxmelad, mwadso, Tu-mca amogzide; 

mas qveSeTsa gaecinnes, gaukvirda metad kide, 

Semohyivla: ar gelode, sad gageqce, sad wavide?!~ (255-256). 

aqve avTandilma Tavisi pozicia kidev erTi iumoristuli 

aforizmiT gaamagra: 

`Tvara vismc eqmna gvarliTa Sekrva Tavisa mrTelisa~ (257. 4). 

amis gamo asmaTma avTandils aRtacebiT uTxra: 

71

72 

`... momewona, ymao, Seni naubari. 

xar ucilod kargi vinme, moyme, brZenTa saqebari~ (258. 1-2). 

xumrobanarevad unda gavigoT fridonis monebisadmi avTandilis 

naTqvami, rodesac maT mekobreTa naalafavi uboZa: 

àw waiReT yvelakai, mekobreTa wanaRebi, 

amis metsa veras mogcem, vici, amad g e Z u n w e b i~ (1316. 3-4). 

`saxli ar maxlavs, ar Zal-mic gacema saboZvarisa~ (1317. 1). 

avTandilma am saboZvars siZunwis TvaliT imitom Sexeda, rom 

is sxvisgan warTmeuli hqonda, Torem sabodiSo diaxac ar iyo: 

`misca marT savse xvamaldi, ricxvi turfaTa jarisa~ (1317. 2). 

axla fridonis Sesaxeb. 

qajeTis cixis asaRebad tarielma da avTandilma fridons 

gauares: 

`gamoisvenes mas RamiT fridonis maspinZlobiTa~ (1385. 1). 

mosulebs eCqarebaT salaSqrod wasvla da maT TviTon fridonic 

aCqarebs: 

`magra aw yovna ar varga, wavla sjobs gzisa grZelisa, 

Tu qajni mogveswrebian, saeWvi ars siZnelisa~ (1386. 3-4). 

da Tavis am saqcielze TviTonve ecineba: 

ùTxra, Tu: ese sityvaa a v i s a m a s p i n Z e l i s a. 

h g a v s, m o m w y e n o d e s s t u m r o b a Tqven brZnisa, 

viTa xelisa~ (1386. 1-2). 

qajeTis cixis aRebis win fridoni mxned gamoiyureba, oxunjobs 

da megobrebs acinebs. mis mierve naCuqar cxenze tariels eubneba: 

`fridon uTxra: Semignia, gamigia, vici me ra: 

maga cxensa Cemeulsa wamoaswrebs karTa vera; 

odes giZRven, ar vicodi, qajeTs gvinda qajTa mzera, 

Tvara yola ar giZRvnidi, Cemi giTxra siZunwe ra~ (1406). 

rodesac fridonma qajeTis cixis aRebis Tavisi gegma warmoadgina, 

iumoriT daumata: 

`Tqven W i r a d g i y o SiganTa povna kacisa mrTelisa~ (1395. 4). 

Tu fridoni mowinaaRmdege jars ise gaanadgurebda, rom 

tarielsa da avTandils cocxlad gadarCenilis povna gauWirde-

odaT da Wirad eqceodaT, didi Wiri ki yofila! 

danarCen personaJTa iumoristul saqcielze sakiTxis 

sxvadasxva kuTxiT ganxilvisas arsebiTad zemoT ukve vTqviT. 

rogorc vxedavT, `vefxistyaosnis~ gmirebisTvis komikuri da 

sicili erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa. sagangebodaa aRsaniSnavi, 

rom igi Tavisi mravalferovani gamovleniT uaRresad ganvi- 

Tarebuli, inteleqtis mqone, kulturuli da zneobrivi adamianis 

niSania da savsebiT exmianeba Tanamedrove mowinave sazogadoebis 

esTetikur ideebs. XX saukunis gamoCenili ingliseli mwerali jon 

boiton pristli aRniSnavs: `me srulebiTac ar movuwodeb, avagoT 

Cveni sazogadoebrivi cxovreba pirquS TavdaWerilobaze... piriqiT 

_ Cven gvinda, rac SeiZleba, meti i u m o r i da, rac SeiZleba, 

naklebi c i n i k u r i abuCad agdeba da x i T x i T i. namdvili 

iumo-risti yovelTvis seriozulia. man icis, rom sazogadoebis 

cxovreba seriozuli saqmea~ (pristli 1965: 3). es sityvebi zustad 

Seesabameba SoTa rusTvelis Semoqmedebas. 

* * * 

`vefxistyaosani~ mkafiod da uciloblad gviCvenebs, rom 

SoTa rusTvels, rogorc qarTvel kacs, genios moazrovnesa da 

mxatvruli sityvis didostats, komikuris grZnoba SesaniSnavad 

hqonia ganviTarebuli. siciliT tkboba misi organuli Tviseba da 

niWia. 

rac Seexeba principul sakiTxs, rusTvels ramdenad Segnebuli 

hqonda da afasebda komikurs, erTi ram dabejiTebiT SeiZleba 

iTqvas: poemaSi araviTari sababi ar moipoveba imisa, Tanamedrove 

samecniero enaze rom vTqvaT, komikuris, rogorc aseTis, anu esTetikuri 

kategoriis, mimarT igi raime uaryofiT damokidebulebas 

amJRavnebdes. is garemoeba, rom komikurs idealizebuli (vrceli, 

monumenturi) ki ara, naklebi Rirebulebis mqone (`mesame leqsi~) 

Janrze saubrisas axsenebs, es sruliadac ar niSnavs, igi komikurs 

nihilisturad uyurebda. rodesac rusTveli Sairobis saxeebs exeba, 

romelime maTgans sisruliT ar gvixasiaTebs, mxolod zogierT 

niSans warmogvidgens. Tu ra aris TiToeuli maTganis maxasiaTebeli, 

ra qmnis namdvil poezias, mas ara Tu amomwuravi, ramdenadme 

sruli pasuxic ar gaucia. ar uTqvams `grZlad Tqmulma~ ra an 

rogor asaxos. mxolod miuTiTa, `grZeli sityva mokled iTqmiso~ 

(12. 4). gairkva, amaze xazgasma aucilebeli yofila, radgan moTxovna 

`grZelad Tqmisa~ calmxrivad ar gagebuliyo da nawarmoebis 

am formalur mxares, sidides, brmad ar gamohkidebodnen. Tumca 

momdevno xanis qarTuli literatura amas mainc ver ascda! 

73

Tu `vefxistyaosanSi~ komikurma ufro Rrma da mravalferovani 

gamoxatuleba ver pova, es SeiZleba, poetis konkretuli es- 

Tetikuri mizandasaxulobiT, Temis masalis Sesabamisi stiluri 

gadawyvetis aucileblobiT iyos ganpirobebuli. rusTvels upirvelesad 

izidavs mSvenieri, amaRlebuli kategoriebi. aq man Tavisi 

mxatvruli STanafiqris xorcSesxmisTvis aiRo feodalur-rainduli 

sazogadoebis umaRlesi fenis cxovrebis Cveneba. XII saukuneSi 

es sazogadoeba ganviTarebis zenitze imyofeba. amitom misi 

siZneleebi, Wir-varami dadebiTi poziciebidan, tragikul aspeqt- 

Si unda Sefasebuliyo da ara uaryofiTad; aqedan gamomdinare, - 

arc komikurad.* 

rodesac vuTiTebT, rom poemaSi aris adgilebi, romlebic 

SesaniSnav masalas iZleva komikuris Sesaqmnelad, magram isini am 

mizniT sul ara an naklebad aris gamoyenebuli, meore mxriv, ar 

unda dagvaviwydes, aranaklebia SemTxvevebi, sadac komikuradaa 

gaazrebuli da warmodgenili ara marto TavisTavad komikurad 

arsebuli (WaSi Cavardnili kacis araki), aramed iseTebic, komikurs 

rom ar moiTxovs da mwerali mas sagangebod Txzavs (sogratis 

xumroba, tarielisa da avTandilis mier fridonis mejogeebze 

Tavdasxma da sxva). 

sakiTxis yovelmxrivi, mTliani gaTvaliswineba, vfiqrobT, 

uflebas gvaZlevs, vTqvaT: rusTvels gacnobierebuli, Segnebuli 

hqonda komikuris, sicilis mniSvneloba, esTetikuri Rirebuleba 

da zemoqmedebis Zala da maT saTanadod afasebda. 

dasasrul, unda SevniSnoT erTi ram, rasac yuradReba gr. 

kiknaZem miaqcia: àRsaniSnavia isic, - wers igi, - rom `vefxistyaosani~ 

imdenad amaRlebuli saxeebis Semcvelia, rom arc erT mwerals, 

ramdenadac viciT, arc ki ucdia poemaSi warmodgenili situaciebis 

komikuri gaazreba. amas moerida xalxuri Semoqmedebac, romelic, 

rogorc cnobilia, am mimarTulebiT ufro met Tavisuflebas 

* guriaSi Caweril erT xalxur moTxrobas, `mZleTamZles~, mixeil Ciqovani ase 

afasebs: `mZleTamZle Suasaukuneebis raindul-goliaTobis parodiaa. masSi saSinlad 

aris gamasxrebuli feodaluri sazogadoeba Tavisi mefeebiTa da falavnebiT. glexi, 

romelsac arc Zala hqonda da arc gambedaoba Seswevda, zedized gaacurebs qveynis amwiokebel 

mekobreebs, samefo karis mrCevlebs, xmalSi uZlevel falavansa da xelmwifes. 

mZleTamZlis saxiT xalxi feodaluri sazogadoebis 'vela fenas dascinis, amaTraxebs. 

saxalxo satirikosi gabatonebul klasebTan erTad Suasaukuneebis glexobasac amxels 

misi crumorwmuneobisa da gaunaTleblobisaTvis. am SemTxvevaSi satira orlesuli 

xmaliviT sWris; erTi mxriT _ mCagvreli klasebis dasamarebas aCqarebs, xolo meore 

mxriT _ Tavis sazogadoebas sarkeSi axedebs da sakuTar saxes aCvenebs moyvris pirSi 

Zraxvis wesiT~ (Ciqovani 1955: 4). 

es gageba arc erT SemTxvevaSi sinamdviles odnavadac ar Seesabameba. `mZleTamZle~ 

aris `nacarqeqias~ tipis iumoristuli zRapari, romelic satiras ar Seicavs da aravis 

amasxaravebs. mas feodalur-raindul sazogadoebasTan araviTari Sexeba ara aqvs da, 

metadre, arc raime klasobriv kritikas iZleva. 

74

iCens xolme. rusTvelis poemis arc erT gmirs jer ar Sexebia satirikosisa 

da da iumoristis kalami. amis safuZvels ar iZleva, 

erTis mxriv, TviT rusTvelis Canafiqri da, meores mxriv, 

mkiTxvelTa seriozuli da mowiwebiTi damokidebuleba misi 

Txzulebisadmi~ (kiknaZe 1953: 94). 

xdeba piriqiT. qarTul publicistikasa da kritikaSi ama 

Tu im piris an ambis komikuri, iumoristul-parodiuli saxis 

Sesaqmnelad an mowinaaRmdegis dacinvisaTvis, gasabiabrueblad 

`vefxistyaosani~ xSirad aris gamoyenebuli. amisTvis igi brwyinvale 

masalas iZleva. sakmarisia, am Txzulebis uaRresad amaRlebuli 

saxeebisa da movlenebis gverdiT vinme an rame daayeno da 

Seufardo, udidesi komikuri efeqti xelTa gvaqvs. amgvari SemTxvevebi 

uamravia ilia WavWavaZis, akaki wereTlis, vaJa-fSavelasa da 

sxva qarTvel mweralTa da moazrovneTa nawerebSi. magram es ukve 

sxva Temaa da amaze sxva dros visaubroT. 

damowmebani: 

abulaZe 1913: abulaZe iust. pasuxis nacvlad, robaqiZe-jorjikias 

polemikis gamo. gaz. ìmereTi~, 13 ivlisi, 1913. 

abulaZe 1967: abulaZe iust. rusTvelologiuri naSromebi. krebuli 

Seadgina da gamosacemad moamzada i. megreliZem. Tb.: Tbilisis universitetis 


abuseriZe 1941: abuseriZe tbeli. bolok-basilis mSenebloba SuartyalSi, 

1233 wl. teqsti. gamosca l. musxeliSvilma, Tb.: saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa 

akademiis gamomcemloba, 1941. 

baramiZe 1945: baramiZe al. vefxistyaosnis sakiTxebi. narkvevebi qarTuli 

literaturis istoriidan, ^ I, meore Sevsebuli da gadamuSavebuli gamocema. Tb.: 

Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 1945. 

baramiZe 1952: baramiZe al. vefxistyaosnis tipaJis sakiTxisaTvis. 

narkvevebi qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, ^^^ 

³II, Tb.: Tbilisis universitetis 


baramiZe 1958: baramiZe al. SoTa rusTaveli. Tb.: saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa 


baramiZe 1975: baramiZe al. SoTa rusTveli. Tb.: Tbilisis universitetis 


baramiZe 1997: baramiZe al. narkvevebi qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, 

Iº. Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1997. 

beriZe 1961: beriZe v. rusTvelis SairisaTvis. rusTvelologiuri etiudebi. 

Tb.: saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, 1961. 

beriZe 1974: beriZe v. vefxistyaosnis komentari. teqsti gamosacemad 

moamzades s. caiSvilma da g. SaraZem, s. caiSvilis winasityvaobiTa da redaqciiT, 

Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1974. 

beriZe 2003: beriZe r. savaraudo variantis kvaldakval. rusTvelologia, 

³I^^, 

Tb.: 2003. 

guguSvili 1962: vefxistyaosnis xelnawerTa variantebi III. gamosacemad moamzada m. 

guguSvilma, Tb.: saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, 1962. 

75

darCia 1964: darCia b. komikuris zogierTi sakiTxi `vefxistyaosanSi~. saqarTvelos 

mecnierebaTa akademiis axalgazrda mecnier-muSakTa I´ konferenciis 

moxsenebaTa Semoklebuli teqstebi. Tb.: saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa 


darCia 1968a: darCia b. `zma~ sityvis erT-erTi mniSvnelobisTvis `vefxistyaosanSi~. 

Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis sakiTxebi, ³II^^, 

Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1968. 

darCia 1968b: darCia b. sicili `vefxistyaosanSi~. literaturis Teoriisa da 

esTetikis sakiTxebi, 4. Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1968.. 

TvaraZe 1960: TvaraZe r. ganuSorebeli Rimili. gaz. àxalgazrda komunisti~, 27 

saqtemberi, # #116, 1960. 

kekeliZe 1958: kekeliZe k. qarTuli literaturis istoria, Zveli literatura, ³I^^. 

Tb.: Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 1958. 

kapaneli 1936: kapaneli k. rusTvelis filosofia. Jur. `mnaTobi~, 1936, # # 2. 

kiknaZe 1953: kiknaZe g. qarTuli satirisa da iumoris ganviTarebis istoriisaTvis. 

Tb.: Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 1953. 

lolaSvili 1963: vefxistyaosnis xelnawerTa variantebi, I´^^^. 

gamosacemad moamzada 

iv. lolaSvilma, Tb.: saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, 

1963: 

lomTaTiZe 1956: lomTaTiZe W. moTxrobebi. Tb.: 1956. 

maxaTaZe 1960: maxaTaZe m. vefxistYaosnis leqsikidan. gaz. `stalineli~, quTAAAAAaisi, 

12 

oqtomberi, 1960. 

maxaTaZe 1965: maxaTaZe m. vefxistyaosnis xelnawerebi da gamocemebi. gaz. `quTaisi~, 

27 agvisto, 1965, ##161. 

maxaTaZe 1966: maxaTaZe m. rusTvelologiis sakiTxebi. Tb.: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa 

saqarTvelo~, 1966. 

nadiraZe 1958: nadiraZe g. rusTavelis esTetika. Tb.: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa 


nozaZe 1958: nozaZe v. vefxistyaosanis sazogadoebaTmetyveleba. santiago de 

Cile, gamocema avTandil merabiSvilisa,1958. 

nozaZe 1963: nozaZe v. vefxistyaosanis RmrTismetyveleba. gamomcemelni: i. 

kobaxiZe, l. nozaZe, r. arseniZe, a. SavguliZe, parizi, 1963. 

pristli 1965: pristli j. aurzauri da zizilpipiloba, gaz. `komunisti~, 13 

agvisto, ## 190, 1965. 

rusTveli 1966: rusTveli S. vefxis tyaosani. a. SaniZisa da a. baramiZis redaqciiT, 

^. Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1966. 

rusTveli 2006: rusTveli S. vefxis tyaosani. a. SaniZisa da a. baramiZis redaqciiT, 

teqstis damdgenni: a. SaniZe (mT. red.), a. baramiZe (red.), iv. lolaSvili, 

variantebis Semdgenelni: c. karbelaSvili (ZiriTadi korpusi), b. darCia 

(danarTebi da CanarTebi), rusuli pwkaredi: s. iordaniSvili, Tb.: 

`kavkasiuri saxli~, 2006. 

sulxan-saba 1965: orbeliani s-s. Txzulebani, ^ IV1 , avtografuli nusxebis 

mixedviT gamosacemad moamzada ilia abulaZem, Tb.: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa 


qarTlis cxovreba 1955: qarTlis cxovreba. teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi 

xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier, I^, Tb.: saxelgami, 1955. 

qiqoZe 1963: qiqoZe g. SoTa rusTaveli. rCeuli Txzulebani sam tomad, I^, 

literaturuli werilebi da portretebi. Tb.: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa 

mwerali~, 1963. 

Rlonti 1961: Rlonti S. vefxistyaosnis mxatvruli enis specifikurobis problema. 

soxumi, àfxazeTis saxelmwifo gamomcemloba~, 1961. 

76

SaniZe 1957: SaniZe a. vefxis tyaosnis leqsikoni. wignSi: SoTa rusTaveli, vefxis 

tyaosani. Tb.: `saxelgami~, 1957. 

SilakaZe 1966: SilakaZe v. xumroba, laRoba. gaz. `Tbilisi~, 2 seqtemberi, 1966, # # 

206. 

Ciqovani 1955: Ciqovani m. satira da iumori qarTul xalxur sityvierebaSi. 

`literaturuli Ziebani~, IX, Tb.: saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis 


CubinaSvili 1961: CubinaSvili n. qarTuli leqsikoni rusuli TargmaniTurT. 

al. Rlontis redaqciiTa da gamokvleviT, Tb.: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa 


CubinaSvili 1984: CubinaSvili d. qarTul-rusuli leqsikoni. meore gamocema, 

aRdgenili obsetis wesiT. sastambod moamzada da winasityvaoba daurTo a. 

SaniZem, Tb.: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1984. 

WiWinaZe 1925: WiWinaZe k. aliteracia qarTul SairSi da `vefxis tyaosnis~ problema. 

tiflisi, 1925. 

WiWinaZe 1934: WiWinaZe k. leqsikoni. wignSi: SoTa rusTaveli. vefxistyaosani. k. 

WiWinaZis redaqciiT, gamokvleviT, SeniSvnebiT, Tb.: `federacia~, 1934. 

javaxiSvili 1956: javaxiSvili i. qarTuli enisa da mwerlobis istoriis sakiTxebi. 

Tb.: saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, 1956. 

Boris Darchia 

Comic Elements in “The Knight in the Panther’s Skin” 

Summary 

Shota Rustaveli’s poem “The Knight in the Panther’s Skin” is built on epic 

narration from beginning to the end and does not entail sharp tendency towards comic 

elements. We come across to some appropriate situations for imagining comic, but they 

are not used in this direction. However, comic elements are still common in the poem. 

First of all, there should be mentioned such comic characters whose direct duty is to 

cause laughter, smile, to entertain us. There is a lot of harmless, light humor which 

causes laughter. At the same time, the writer uses accusatory, fighting irony and satire. 

Each separate event is described in satiric colours, mainly-ethical issues: telling 

lies, breaking a promise, non-heroic action, vulgar love, temporary fascination, etc. Is 

analyzed that part of the poem, where according to comedy is made obvious Rustaveli’s 

ideology, every side of his social and religious viewpoints. 

Sad smile can be felt in the didactics depicting the difficulties of this world. 

Aphorisms and fables, adroitness of characters have comic colouring. 

In the second part of the “Knight in the Panther’s Skin” satire and humor are 

characterized from the viewpoint of expressive methods. The words and expressions 

used in the remarks are listed and defined, which point to comic elements. Separately 

are presented comic words and actions of the characters of “The Knight in the Panther’s 

Skin”. From the comic viewpoint is analyzed some episodes of the poem. 

It can be concluded that: Shota Rustaveli was conscious about the meaning of 

comic, laughter, aesthetic value and influence and appraised them. 

77


78 

universumis mTlianobisa da silamazis sadidebeli 

`vefxistyaosnis~ erTi Tavi _ `wasvla avTandilisagan fridonisasa~ 

_ gviTxrobs ambavs arabi spaspetisa, romelic tarielTan 

meore Sexvedris Semdeg mulRazanzarisaken miemarTeba. 

satrfosTan gayril rainds `kvla TinaTinis goneba avsebs ufrore 

WiriTa~. Zmadnaficis sasiyvarulo grZnobis xorcSesasxmelad 

amxedrebuli vaJkacis gulidan TinaTinis trfoba umSvenieres 

galobad iRvreba da mnaTobebamde adis. uaRresad Rrma intimurpirovnuli 

gancda, musikis enaze gardaTqmuli, zepirovnul Sinaarss 

iZens, dro-sivrculi samanebis gadamlaxveli xdeba da ùTvalavi 

feriT~ gaSlili samyaros kideganobamde avsebs. 

galoba uSualod Svid ciur sxeuls miemarTeba: mzesa da 

zuals, muSTars, marixsa da aspirozs, otaridsa da mTvares. didad 

Rvawlmosili rusTvelologi viqtor nozaZe Tavis wignSi 

`vefxistyaosanis varskvlavTmetyveleba~ (1957) rusTavelis poemis 

am Tavs sagangebo gulmodginebiT da vrclad aanalizebs: uZvelesi 

droidanve miaCndaT, rom adamians SeeZlo mnaTob-RmerTebze 

da `varskvlavTa sulze Tavisi locviTa da wirviT gavlena moexdina~. 

mnaTobisadmi mimarTva, mowodeba da Tanadgomis gamoTxovis 

wesi da rigi gansakuTrebiT daamuSava da ganaviTara astrologiurma 

religiam. 

Semdeg v. nozaZe dawvrilebiT warmoaCens imas, Tu ra Sinaarsia 

TviTeul xvewna-ajaSi, romelTac ama Tu im mnaTobs aRuvlens 

avTandili, raTa maT daamowmon raindis didi da wrfeli siyvaruli, 

TinaTins ùTxran~, ùambon~, `gaagonon~ amis Sesaxeb, Seewion, 

àrgon ra~ Seyvarebul Wabuks. yvela saTxovaris Sinaarsi, miu- 

TiTebs mkvlevari, dakvalianebulia, gansazRvrulia astrologiuri 

RvTismetyvelebis swavlebiT: a) `mze aris vaJTaTvis siyvarul- 

Si Semwe. es debuleba aris astrologiuri. babilonur-qaldeuri 

daxasiaTeba mzisa aq gamoyenebulia siyvarulis ganxorcielebis 

miznisaTvis~; b) àvTandilma kargad icis zualis buneba, aRniSnavs 

misi xasiaTis niSnebs: cremli, Wiri, siSave, kaeSani~. es varskvlavic 

avTandilma `Tavisi siyvarulis ambavSi mociqulad daayena~; 

g) `samarTlianobis moqmeds, brWes RmrTuls~, muSTars raindi 

SesTxovs, `samarTlianoba uyos~; d) `marixis saqmea laxvari, daWra 

da sisxli~. raindi mzadaa, yvelaferi es iwvnios, oRond am varskvlavma 

TinaTins auwyos, rogor itanjeba es Wabuki satrfosTvis; 

e) aspirozi aris `siyvarulis dedofali da mkurnali~. swored ami-

tom uxmobs da ugalobs mas avTandili; v) otaridisadmi mimarTva- 

Si jer am mnaTobis astronomiuli bunebaa gamoyenebuli: `mzesTan 

axlos yofna otaridisa iwvevs mzesTan erTad brunvas, mis ar-gaSvebas, 

masTan xSirad Seyras, mzis sxivebSi dawvasa da dakargvas~. 

aseve mec, otarido, ambobs avTandili, `TinaTinisadmi siyvaruli 

mabrunebs, ar gamiSvebs da maZlevs wvasa da dagvaso~. strofis meore 

nawili astrologiurad ganimarteba: òtaridi mweralia da man 

avTandilis siyvarulis ambavi unda dasweros~; z) `rogorc mze 

avsebs mTvares, _ ambobs avTandili, _ ise Cemi mze TinaTini gamavsebs 

da gamlevs~. xolo, astrologiuri gaazrebiT, `mTvare aris 

siyvarulSi damxmare~ da raindi mas àvalebs: TinaTins uTxari Cemi 

sjani, mwuxarebani~ (nozaZe 1957: 85-88). 

viqtor nozaZe Semdgom gamocalkavebiT da sagangebod 

msjelobs, rom Svidive mnaTobi astrologiuri msoflSegrZnebis 

varskvlav-RmerTia da askvnis: `yvela es RmerTi aris astraluri, 

romelic astralur Teologias ekuTvnis~; an kidev: àvTandili, 

rasakvirvelia, Segnebulad SvidTa mnaTobTa winaSe galobs~ (xazgasma 

Cvenia. _g.f.) (nozaZe 1957: 91-92). 

ra Tqma unda, sakvirvelia, rom amas brZanebs didad erudirebuli 

da SesaSurad nayofieri rusTvelologi. Cven SevecdebiT, 

vaCvenoT, rom aseTi gageba mcdaria. SvidTa mnaTobTadmi aRvlenili 

es galobac avTandilisa qristianuli galobaa, im RmerTs 

miemarTeba, romelic `siyvaruli ars~. Seyvarebuli raindis sulis 

aRmafrenas, STagonebas wminda werili da did RvTismetyvelTa 

(upirvelesad, _ fsevdo-dionise areopagelis) naazrev-nagrZnobi 

awovebs ZuZus da astrologiuri msoflxedva mxolod masalaa 

zRvarSeuwereli satrfialo gancdis RaRadisis mxatvruli 

suraTisaTvis. 

Tavis wignSi `msoflmxedvelobrivi problemebi vefxistyaosanSi~ 

el. xinTibiZe avTandilis galobis epizodsac aanalizebs da 

ambobs: `rusTaveli mkveTrad ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisagan zeciur 

mnaTobebsa da RmerTs, romlis neba-surviliT xdeba amqveynad yvelaferi... 

isini (mnaTobebi) erTi RmerTis neba-survils emorCilebian~ 

da am survilisamebr `ganageben samyaros~ (xinTibiZe 1975:70). 

aseTi gamgeblebis rolSi, mkvlevaris azriT, `vefxistyaosanSi~ 

angelozebi, anu `Zalni zecierni~ ki ar gvevlinebian, rogorc es 

qristianul msoflxedvas miaCnia, aramed ciuri sxeulebi, mnaTobni. 

àxal aRTqmaSi, _ miuTiTebs mkvlevari, _ rogorc wesi, Zalni 

zecierni, kerZod ki Zalni angelozebs niSnavs~. qristianoba èrTi 

RmerTis saxeliT ebrZoda zeciur ZalTa, varskvlavTa gaRmerTebas. 

magram, radganac xalxTa warmodgena zecaSi arsebul ZalTa 

79

RvTiurobaze mtkice iyo, axali religia TandaTanobiT daTmobaze 

midioda~. amis kvalobaze, daaskvnis mkvlevari: `vfiqrobT, aSkaraa, 

rom avTandilis Zalni zecierni astrologiuri mnaTobebi da varskvlavebia. 

avTandilma zecaSi, mnaTobTa ganlagebiT amoikiTxa 

zeciuri Zalnis simpaTia misdami. swored amiT aixsneba, rom zecas 

Tvalmipyrobilma gmirma yovelgvari ciuri xmis, yovelgvari 

zeciuri Cvenebis gareSe igrZno mnaTobTa TanagrZnoba~ (xinTibiZe 

1975: 60, 59, 69, 68). 

ver gaviziarebT im azrs, rom avTandilis Zalni zecierni angelozebi 

ki ara, varskvlavebia; ver daveTanxmebiT imgvar xedvas, 

rom avTandili sadRac, astrologiuri RvTismetyvelebisa da 

qristianuli rwmenis gzaTSesayarze loculobs (aseTi gzaTSesayari, 

saerTod, ar arsebobs). xolo avTandilma `yovelgvari ciuri 

xmis, yovelgvari zeciuri Cvenebis gareSe~ mainc rogor da ratom 

ìgrZno mnaTobTa TanagrZnoba~ (da ara mxolod mnaTobTa), amis 

garkvevas ki SevecdebiT. 

sul cota xniT adre, roca avTandili samSoblos tovebda da 

tarielis Sesaxvedrad mieSureboda, raindi muxls moiyris da uflis 

winaSe loculobs: 

80 

RmerTo, RmerTo, geajebi, romeli hflob qvenaT zessa, 

Sen dahbade mijnuroba, Sen aweseb missa wessa, 

me sofelma momaSorva ukeTessa Cemsa mzesa, 

nu aRmohfxvri siyvarulsa, misgan CemTvis danaTessa! 

am strofSic xom xvewna-ajaa uflisave mimarT da isev Tina- 

Tinis gulSi avTandilisadmi aRZruli trfobis dRegrZelobaze 

maxvewari? visac eWvi ar epareba, rom aq arabi raindi sampirovan 

da erTarseba RmerTze loculobs (ris sabuTebic ufro cxadad 

locvis pirvelsave strofSia), gauWirdeba imis dajereba, rom igive 

avTandili imave saTxovariT cota xnis Semdeg varskvlavebs mimarTavs. 

SvidTa mnaTobTadmi avTandilis galobis v. nozaZiseuli 

`gankiTxvani~ gvabnevs urTierTsapirispiro Tu Znelad mosarigebeli 

interpretaciebiT. erTi mxriv, gulmodgined, saTanado 

erudiciiTaa moZiebuli Svidive mnaTobis astrologiuri niSan- 

Tvisebebi, raTa damtkicdes, rom `Svidni mnaTobni aq astrologiur 

RvTismetyvelebas ekuTvnian~; `gankiTxvam~ gvaCvena, rom 

`yvela Svidni mnaTobni aris varskvlavuri RmerTi ... maSasadame, 

SvidTa mnaTobTadmi galoba aris astrologiuri galoba~ (nozaZe 

1957: 92); `galoba, anu vedreba Sesrulebuli aris astrologiuri 

Teologiis, anu mnaTobTa RmerTTaTvis saWiro da ganmtkicebuli

wesiT (nozaZe 1957: 91); àqac ise viT yvela danarCen SemTxvevaSi, 

avTandilis vedreba aris astronomiuli da astrologiuri Sinaarsisa~ 

(nozaZe 1957: 88); da bolos: àvTandili, rasakvirvelia, 

Segnebulad Tavisi galobiT RmerTTa SvidTa mnaTobTa winaSe 

galobs~. oRond uSualo gagrZeleba am ukanaskneli frazisa ase- 

Tia: ìgi (avTandili. _ g. f.) agreTve amiT msoflio harmoniis winaSec 

warTqvams galobas da Tavisi siyvarulisTvis Sedis am harmoniaSi, 

da am harmoniiT Tavis siyvaruls TinaTins ukavSirebs~ 

(nozaZe 1957: 91). Zneli misaxvedria, raze migvaniSnebs aq sityva _ 

àgreTve~? nuTu imaze, rom galoba astrologiuri rwmenis, Sinaarsisa 

da daniSnulebisaa, da kidev, damatebiT, `msoflio harmoniis~ 

sadidebelicaa, raTa mgalobeli `Tavisi siyvarulisaTvis Sevides 

am harmoniaSi~?!. aseTi harmonia, universumis Sinagani harmonia 

RmerTsa, adamiansa da bunebas Soris, _ namdvilad warmmarTvelia 

avTandilis galobaSi, magram astrologiuri aRmsareblobisaTvis 

igi sruliad ucxo xilia, igi qristianobam moitana. 

oRond, rac am sityvas, _ àgreTve~, _ mohyveba, WeSmaritebisaken 

gvibiZgebs, iseve, rogorc es fraza: `siyvaruliT datvirTuli 

misi (avTandilis. _ g. f.) arseba aRmafrenas iwyebs, _ da es siyvaruli 

misi msofliur da maradiul bunebas amJRavnebs~ (nozaZe 

1957: 84); àvTandilis galoba aris sakuTari galoba. piradad misi 

galoba. igi arcerT astrologiur swavlas ar ekuTvnis gankerZoebiT~ 

(nozaZe 1957: 91); da bolos: arcerT `swavlas mnaTobTa Sesaxeb 

avTandilis galobasTan da masSi naCveneb mnaTobTa bunebis daxasiaTebasTan 

pirdapiri damokidebuleba ara aqvs. sul sxva stilia 

gabatonebuli astrologiur nairswavlaSi mnaTobTa Sesaxeb da 

sul sxvaa stili vefxistyaosanis mnaTobTa avTandilis galobaSi~ 

(nozaZe 1957: 99). WeSmaritebaa! 

magram, rom avTandilis galoba aris `sakuTari galoba~ qristianisa, 

qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis niadagze aRmocenebuli 

da am fundamentisTvis niSneuli `stiliT~ gacxadebuli, amaze mkvlevari 

dulgrilad arafers ambobs (maSin, roca astrologiuri 

RvTismetyvelebis kvali dawvrilebiT da gulmodginedaa naZiebi). 

2 

locva SvidTa mnaTobTadmi siyvarulis sagalobelia. avTandilis 

galobaSi xorcSesxmulia universumis (kosmosis) Sinagani 

harmonia RmerTsa, adamiansa da bunebas Soris. Tumca galobis 

teqstSi buneba Zalumadaa SemoWrili, magram aq arc bunebis suraTebia 

da arc sulismieri subieqturi WvretiT ganwonili buneba 

81

araa daxatuli, raTa, upirveles yovlisa, imave sulis simbolur 

xatad warmogvidges, rogorc es Cveulebriv xdeba. 

SvidTa mnaTobTadmi locvis epizodSi erTob sagulisxmod, 

gamorCeuli esTetikuri STambeWdaobiTaa realizebuli mijnuri 

avTandilis cxovrebiseuli kredo _ siyvarulis mSvenierebis 

gancdiT frTaSesxmulma da camde amaRlebulma siyvaruli da mSveniereba 

Tesos, uzenaesi siyvarulisa da silamazis pirvelwyarodan 

gadmoRvrili sikeTis gasabevreblad daixarjos. igi Tavisufali 

nebiT, msxverplad Tavis SewirvisaTvis sruli mzaobis 

ganwyobilebiT SeiWreba wuTisoflis Sav zRvaSi, am zRvaSi Casan- 

Tqmelad ganwiruli siyvarulis (nestanisa da tarielisa) gadasarCenad: 

`me igi var, vin sofelsa ara movkreb kitrad berad, vis 

sikvdili moyvrisaTvis TamaSad da miCans mRerad~. 

raindis intimuri samyaros siRrmeebidan daZruli energia 

universalur xasiaTs iRebs, adamians, bunebas da RmerTs siyvarulis 

duRabiT erTmaneTTan Seanawevrebs. avTandilis galoba im 

msoflSegrZnebis wiaRidan moedineba, romelsac RmerTi siyvarulad 

gaucxadda, adamiani xatad da msgavsad uflisa daesaxa, xolo 

xatobisa da msgavsebis wvdomis niWad nebis Tavisuflebis madli 

mieboZa. sruliad Tavis ufali avTandili egoizmis artaxebs dawyvets, 

`TamaSad da mRerad~ gadaaqcevs nestan-tarielis bednierebisaTvis 

wvneul jojoxeTs: polarulad sapirispiro sawyisTa am 

WidilSi arabi raindi Tavis axal lamaz `mes~ xatavs. igi Semoqmedia, 

siyvarulisTvis jvarcmulisagan, jvarcmiT zecad amaRlebulisganaa 

nasazrdoebi misi paTosi. `suli gvaswavlis Cven, rom jvarze 

sikvdilis saidumloSi davinaxoT gadasvla pirveli Sesaqmidan 

meoreze, egoizmidan siyvarulze~. aseTi tanjva da msxverplad 

misvla àRdgomis naTliTaa gabrwyinebuli~ (korboni 1974: 477). 

frangi bibleisti aq erTob sagulisxmo azrs gviziarebs: jvarcmis 

gziT gankacebuli sityvis cad amaRleba meore Sesaqmed unda Seiracxos; 

codviT dacemul kacobriobas da mTel kosmoss siyvarulis 

ZaliT maradisobisaTvis aRdgomis gza gaekvala. `RmerTi siyvaruli 

ars~, _ gvmoZRvravs wminda werili da ase gvikonkretebs 

am mcnebis erTgulebis sarbiels: ùfroÁsi amisa siyuaruli aravisa 

aqus, raÁTa suli TÂsi dasdvas megobarTa TÂsTaTÂs~ (iovane. 

15,13). am mcnebis erTgulebisaTvis iRvwis avTandili, iRvwis muxlCauxrelad, 

TavgamodebiT. didi tanjva-tkivilis safasurad 

(`moundis gulsa dacema, zogjer mihmarTis danasa~) amarcxebs 

egoizms da Zerwavs Tavis maRal pirovnul `mes~. g. imedaSvili miu- 

TiTebda: àvTandili nestanis Zebnis gzaze arsebiTad eZebs Tina- 

Tins, romelTan ganSorebac obieqturad ganpirobebulia swored 

82

am ZebniT sxvisi dakarguli Seyvarebulisa... rogorc nestansa da 

tariels, ise TinaTinsa da avTandils siyvarulis vneba sikvdilsicocxlis 

zRudeze ayenebs~ (imedaSvili 1968: 244). 

tanjva-sikvdils xom sakraluri, ganmwmend-ganmaRmrTobeli 

Zala da madli aqvs, qristianuli TvalTaxedviT. es Zala da madli 

amoqmedebs avTandils. aq araferia gasakviri, amaze sakmaod cxadad 

migvaniSna `vefxistyaosnis~ avtorma poemis prologSi: `mijnuroba 

pirveli~, _ ambobs igi, _ aris RvTis siyvaruli, `saqme 

sazeo, momcemi aRmafrenaTa~. viTarca trfoba zedroul-zesivrculisadmi, 

igi eniT gamouTqmelia, smeniT mouxelTebelia (`yurnica 

davaldebian~). me am wignSi `vTqven xelobani qvenani, romelni 

xorcTa xvdebian, marT masve hbaZven, Tu odes ar siZven, SoriT 

bndebian~. garkveviTaa naTqvami, rom nestan-tarielisa da TinaTinavTandilis 

mijnuroba iseTi miwieri gancdaa, romelic uzenaesi 

`gvaris~ trfobas, àRmamfreni~ Zalis momniWebels èbaZebao~. 

avTandilis galoba àRmamfreni~ sulis RaRadisia, musikis 

eniT ametyvelebuli, simReris gviristiT rom Seaqsovs erTmaneTs 

RmerTs, kacsa da bunebas. `melodia sxva araferia,_ ambobda wminda 

grigol noseli,_ Tu ara mowodeba cxovrebis ufro amaRlebuli 

wesisaken, damrigebeli imaTi, vinc saTnoebas erTgulobs, ar 

Seiwynaros Tavis zne-CveulebebSi araferi aramusikaluri, aramwyobri, 

araTanxmieri~ (`fsalmunTa zedwarwerilis ganmartebani~). 

netari avgustine erTob sagulisxmod akavSirebs erTmaneT- 

Tan siyvarulisa da musikis fenomenebs: `Tavad siyvarulia axali 

simRera. ismine, ra aris axali simRera. ufali ambobs: `mcnebasa axalsa 

migcem Tquen, raÁTa iyuarebdiT urTierTas~ (iovane, 13,34). e. 

i. mTeli dedamiwa mReris axal simReras, mTel dedamiwaze Sendeba 

saxli, mTeli dedamiwa aris saxli RvTisa~ (`ganmarteba 95-e fsalmunisa~). 

SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom avTandilis galobis aqtSic siyvarulisa 

da simReris ZaliT mTlianobad iWvriteba RmerTi, adamiani 

da samyaro. 

SesaZlebelia ki Tavdapirveli mTlianoba da harmonia daubrundes 

codviT dacemul-dangreul adamiansa da samyaros?! _ 

SesaZlebelia siyvarulisa da mSvenierebis ZaliT, _ gvipasuxebs 

rusTaveli, qristiani qarTveli poeti. pasuxi wminda weriliT, 

wminda mamaTa naazreviT da erovnul-kulturuli sulis siRrmeebidanaa 

nasazrdoebi. 

rom universumis mTlianobas moicavs, itevs TviTeuli individi, 

rom adamiani mikrikosmosia, kabadokiel mamaTa Semdgom amaze 

vrclad msjelobs maqsime aRmsarebeli. amis kvalobaze, adamians 

sagangebo daniSnuleba aqvs. igi `miuZRvis erTisaken Tavisi meSve- 

83

obiT mravals, erTmaneTTan bunebis mixedviT ziarebulebs droSi, 

raTa yovelive miiyvanos RmerTTan, rogorc mizezTan~ (àmbigua~). 

adamianis am kosmiuri misiis (mediatorobis) Sesaxeb ki n. berdiaevi 

ityvis: `samyaro SeiZleba mieqces adamianSi, misgan iqnes asimilirebuli... 

adamiani Suamdgomeli da SemaerTebelia RmerTsa da 

bunebas Soris~ (berdiaevi 1916: 53, 59). 

am problemazeve msjelobdnen n. kuzaneli da g. leibnici. 

RmerTis, adamianisa da bunebis, universumis Sinagani harmoniis 

arsis Rrma religiur-filosofiuri koncefcia Seqmna vl. soloviovma 

XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi. meoce saukunis Sua wleb- 

Si qveyndeba pier teiar de Sardenis wigni àdamianis fenomeni~. 

didi frangi mecnieris (paleontologis) da sasuliero moRvawis 

(mRvdeli) naSromi eZRvneba siyvaruliT harmonizirebuli universumis 

problemas. amave suliskveTebiTa da orientaciiTaa aRbe- 

Wdili paul tilixis (amerikaSi emigrirebuli germaneli filosofosi) 

naSromi _ `sistematuri Teologia~. movixmobT oriode 

frazas am wignidan: ìs, visac uyvars, Tanamonawileobs sayvarel 

arsebaSi; arsebuli Tanamonawileobs arsSi~, romelic xdis mas 

(arsi _ arsebuls, myofs dro-sivrceSi. _ g. f.) imad, radac igi 

gvevlineba arsebobis pirobebSi. qristiani Tanamonawileobs axal 

yofierebaSi, rogorc igi Tavis Tavs avlens ieso qristeSi~ (orive 

xazgasmuli sityva, _ àxali yofiereba~, _ avtors mTavruli 

asoebiT dauwyia. _ g. f.) (tilixi 2000:177). 

àrsebuli Tanamonawileobs arsSi~, es msoflSegrZneba 

avTandilis galobis ideuri Sinaarsisa da formis xerxemalia. yvelaferi 

arsebuli da myofi, arsebobs da myofobs imdenad, ramdenadac 

maTSi myofobs RmerTi, romelic `siyvaruli ars~. siyvarulis 

es dvrita pirvelmizezisaken miaqcevs, miaswrafebs yvela qmnilebas 

(viTarca nayofT siyvarulisa) avTandilis irgvliv, maT Soris 

_ ciur sxeulebsac. miTumetes, rom siyvarulis es RaRadisi mSvenierebis, 

musikis formiT gacxaddeba, xolo musika `xelovnebis 

erTaderTi saxea, romelsac ZaluZs SeaRwios miRmur samyaroSi 

da rCeba maradisobaSi~ (biCkovi 1999: 211). siyvarulis avTandiliseulma 

sagalobelma mnaTobebSic SeaRwia da isini Tanagrnobisa 

da TanadgomisaTvis SemarTa: 

84 

àha, mmowmoben varskvlavni, Svidnive memowmebian: 

mze, otaridi, muSTari da zual CemTvis bndebian, 

mTvare, aspiroz, marixi movlen da mowmad myvebian, 

mas gaagonen, ranica cecxlni uSretni mdebian~. 

siyvarulis Teslze aRmocenebuli mnaTobebi (da mTeli 

samyaro) guls gauxsnian da ixuteben imave mSoblisganve Sobil

avTandils. orives, adamiansac da mnaTobsac, dambadebelma, arsTa 

gamrigem, yofna-aryofnis sazrisad da wesad siyvaruli mihmadla 

da maT esmiT erTmaneTisa. 

wm. maqsime aRmsarebeli gvaswavlis: adamiani mowodebulia 

imisaTvis, raTa `siyvaruliT SeaerTos Seqmnili buneba bunebas 

Seuqmnels, madlis moxveWiT mTlianobad da igiveobad moavlinebs 

maT~ (àmbigua~). àdamianis sicocxle aris siyvaruli~, _ ambobs 

e. svedenborgi (svedenborgi 1999: 211). am sibrZnis saTave pavle 

mociqulis naazrevSia: `me ki aRara vcocxlob, aramed qriste 

cocxlobs CemSi~ (gal. 2,20). suli siyvarulisa, RvTaebrivi suli 

galobs mulRazanzaris velze da ganwonis da SeaerTxmebs mTel 

universums. 

imis kvalobaze, rom mnaTobebi sinaTlesa da siTbos, sicocxlis 

masazrdoebel or madls, sZRvnian miwier arsebaT da erTob 

lamaznic arian, adamianebma uZvelesi droidanve gaaRmerTes 

isini. imave safuZvelze, mnaTobTa simbolikam, saerTod, naTlis 

esTetikam gamorCeulad gamsWvala qristianuli msoflSegrZneba, 

xelovneba. Tumca sinaTle grZnobad-materialuri fenomenia, magram 

nivTierTagan yvelaze nakleb nivTieria da haerovani, TiTqmis 

usxeulo. es garemoeba erTob mimzidvels xdida mas qristianuli 

msoflSegrZnebisaTvis. rusTavelma SeunarCuna ciur sxeulebs 

odindeli `pativis~ erTi nawili, raodensac qristianuli monoTeisturi 

aRmsarebloba iguebda. xatad RvTisad Seqmnilma adamianma 

siyvarulSi Tanadgoma SesTxova mnaTobebs, upirveles yovlisa, 

mzes, romelsac, rusTavelisave miTiTebiT, `xatad RvTisa~ saxavdnen 

jer kidev `filosofosni winani~. 

astrologiuri RvTismetyvelebis arsenali `vefxistyaosnis~ 

avtorisaTvis mxolod masalaa mxatvruli saxisa im filosofiur-esTetikuri 

koncefciiT STagonebuli xelovanisaTvis, 

romelic siyvarulis duRabiT Sekrul-gamTlianebuli da harmonizebuli 

universumis taZars agebs. oRond es iseTi sruliad xel- 

Seuxebeli masala ar aris, rogorsac xuroTmoZRvari, Cevulebriv, 

qvis lodisa Tu brinjaos zodis saxiT iRebs bunebis wiaRidan da 

mere Tlis, aCuqurTmebs, Zerwavs Tu Wedavs... saukuneTa sigrZeze 

mnaTobTa sauflos intensiurad mieaxleboda Semoqmed kacTa ma- 

Ziebeli suli da mecnierul, esTetikur, religiur, mistikur Tu 

eTikur TvalTaxedvaze aametyvelebda kosmiuri SoreTis erTob 

mimzidvel, magram idumal binadarT. e. i. erTob mimzidvel-naWdevebiani 

masaliT muSaobda SvidTa mnaTobTadmi aRvlenili RaRadisis 

avtori. magram ucxo Tu Soreul kulturaTa naWdevebiani konstruqciuli 

masala didma xelovanma iseT fonze da iseTi aqcen- 

85

tebiT ganalaga, mnaTobTa iseTi daxvewili personalizacia moaxdina, 

rom Cven, mkiTxveli, wminda weriliT nakurTxi universumis 

SuagulSi aRmovCndebiT. taZars avTandilis `xmisa sitkbosagan~ 

gaJRenTili musika avsebs, romelic gumbaTisaken adis, iqidan ki 

sampirovani da erTarseba ufali gviRimis (foni vaxseneT, igulisxmeba 

adamianTa, nadir-frinvelTa, usulo arsebaTa reaqcia 

galobaze, razec qvemoT visaubrebT). 

axla imas mivapyroT sagangebo yuradReba, Tu ras aZlevda 

`vefxistyaosnis~ avtors qristianuli msoflmxedveloba saimisod, 

raTa universumis iseTi suraTi daexata, rac avTandilis galobaSia 

xorcSesxmuli. 

amqveyniuri sinamdvilis wiaRSi, wminda werilis mixedviT, 

aris potenciali imisa, rom Seqmnili Semqmnels miuaxlovdes, Seer- 

Tos kidec, horizontaluri xazi, rogoradac xatovnad miwier sinamdviles 

warmoidgenen, gadaejvaredinos vertikalurs, ltolvas 

pirvelmizezisaken. roca am Tvalsazriss aviTareben, wminda 

mamebis STagonebas asazrdoebs `gamoslvaTa~ wignis is pasaJi, sadac 

Seuwveli mayvlis buCqidan masTan Sexmianebul `RmerTs abrahamisa, 

RmerTs isakisa da RmerTs iakobisa~ mose SesTxovs, auwyos 

saxeli Tvisi, xolo ufali upasuxebs: `me var, romeli var~ (3,14). am 

epizodSi nagulvebi Sinaarsis siRrme zmnis (`yofna~) ganmeorebiT 

ufro ikveTeba frazis uSualo gagrZelebaSi: `da Tqua: esre arqu 

ZeTa israelisaTa: `romel ars~, momavlina me Tquenda~. RmerTi 

Tavis Tavs saxelsdebs àrsebulad~, _ `romel ars~. igi ar aris 

raRac Tu viRac, aseTi Tu iseTi, aramed arsebuli, myofi, misi arsi 

emTxveva mis arsebobas. wminda mamebi sixaruliT da gatacebiT ganmartaven 

`gamoslvaTa~ am monakveTs, sadac gamocxadebis sibrZnisa 

da filosofiuri gansjis Serwymas xedaven. aseTi grZnoba sagulisxmodaa 

ametyvelebuli grigol nazianzelis, grigol noselis, 

fsevdo-kurilis nawerebSi, xolo netari avgustine ityvis: ufali 

aris `pirveli da uzenaesi arsi, romlisaganac arsebobs yvelaferi, 

rac arsebobs, ramdenadac igi arsebobs; vinaidan yvelaferi, rac 

arsebobs, ramdenadac igi arsebobs, aris sikeTe~ (`WeSmariti sarwmunoebis 

Sesaxeb~). `romeli saxeli esatyviseba RmerTs yvelaze 

ufro? _ svams kiTxvas wm. ioane damaskeli da iqve upasuxebs, _ 

saxeli `myofi~, romliTac ufalma TviTon aRniSna Tavisi Tavi, 

roca saubrobda mosesTan... viTarca yofierebis erTgvar ukidegano 

da usazRvro zRvas arsisa, igi Tavis TavSi moicavs yofierebis 

86 

3

mTel ganuyoflobas~ (`marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis zedmiwevniTi 

gadmocema~, I, 9). 

yofnas, viTarca Tavis yvelaze did upiratesobas, ufali 

uSurvelad da siyvaruliT nobaTad sZRvnis yovel myofs. amaze 

erTob vrclad msjelobs fsevdo-dionise areopageli. ufro metic, 

gvaswavlis wminda mama, ufali silamaze-mSvenierebacaa da amiTve 

ajildoebs Tvisgan qmnilT. `misi yvelaze mniSvnelovani da 

pirveli ZRveni, _ ambobs wm. mama ufalze, _ aris Cvendami moZRvnili 

myofoba~ (`saRmrToTa saxelTaTvis~, V, 6). ideali siyvaruliT 

gamTlianebuli universumisa, avTandilis galobaSi rom ikveTeba, 

yvelaze ufro (ra Tqma unda, bibliis Semdgom) swored fsevdodionise 

areopagelis naazreviTaa STagonebuli (aki erTgan poeti 

TviTve imowmebs `brZeni divnosis~ avtoritets). 

RvTisagan gadmoRvril sikeTesa da mSvenierebasTan wilnayarobis 

madls TviT ufali sZRvnis misganve SeqmnilT. (aqve gaviTvaliswinoT, 

rom wminda mama sityvebs _ `RmerTi~, `sikeTe~ da 

`mSveniereba~ erTi da imave mniSvnelobiT xmarobs). àm mSvenierSi, 

_ ganmartavs filosofosi, _ yvela arsebuli hpovebs yofierebas, 

siyvaruls, Tanxmobas da urTierTobas. mSvenieris wyalobiT 

yvelaferi erTiandeba, vinaidan mSvenieri sakuTari silamazisaken 

mimzidvelobis wyalobiT Tavis TavSi moicavs arsebulis mTel er- 

Tobas, gvevlineba ra sawyisad, SemoqmedebiT da mamoZravebel mizezad 

yvela arsebulisa, da agreTve siyvarulis sagnad, swrafvaTa 

zRvrad, mizezad da saxed srulqmnilebisa, ramdenadac yvelaferi 

ibadeba mSvenierisaTvis da misiT ganisazRvreba. amitomac mSvenieri 

igiveobrivia sikeTisa da amitom yvelaferi mieswrafvis mSveniers-da-keTils, 

rogorc mizezs yvela arsebulisa, da arc erTi 

arsebulSi ar aris araferi, wilnayari rom ar iyos mSvenierTanda-keTilTan~ 

(`saRmrToTa saxelTaTvis~, IV, 7). 

samyaros ierarqiuli kibis yvela safexurs uyvars erTmane- 

Ti, dabla mdgomT maRla mdgomni, TanamodaseT _ RirsebiT sworni, 

maRla mdgomT _ dabla mdgomni. TviT dambadebeli usazRvro 

trfialebiT emsWvalvis yvela arsebuls, `gamudmebiT zrunavs 

maTze, ifaravs da Tavisken izidavs~ (`saRmrToTa saxelTaTvis~, 

IV,10). ase rom, `yvela arsebuli, samyarouli mTlianobis ZaliT 

Seurevnelad Serwymuli da ganuyoflad SeerTebuli, inarCunebs 

erTian da ganuyofel kavSirs RvTaebriv harmoniasTan. srulyofas 

aRmatebuli samyaro (igulisxmeba RvTaebrivis sauflo. _ g. f.) 

yvela arsebulze ganefineba mTeli sisruliT da masSi arsebuli 

ubralo da wminda, yovlis gamamTlianebeli ZaliT, aerTebs yvela 

arsebuls, aerTianebs ra (SuamdgomelTa saSualebiT) yvelaze 

87

mdabalT yvelaze maRlebTan maTTvis bunebrivad niSneuli siyvarulis 

kavSiriT~. am SeerTebisas arsebulT ar ekargebaT TavisTavadoba, 

ganuyofloba. àmgvarad, RvTaebrivi `samyaro~ Camodis 

msoflioSi da gadmoiRvreba ra yvela arsebulze siuxves aRmatebuli 

sisavsiT, nayofieri samyarosTvis romaa damaxasiaTebeli, 

sZRvnis am siuxves yvelas da TviTeuls, yvelafers aRmatebuli 

ZaliT mTlianobisa inarCunebs yovels savsebiT gaerTianebuls 

rogorc yovelTan, ise Tavis TavTan~ (`saRmrToTa saxelTaTvis~, 

XI, 2), (xazgasma yvelgan Cvenia. _ g.f.). 

`brZeni divnosis~ aq moxmobil naazrevSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, 

ukve ilandeba avTandilis galobis dedaazri, Tumca igi mTel Sua 

saukuneebsac gasdevs da qristianul dasavleT evropasac (magali- 

Tad, Toma aqvinelsac) uwevs. magram yvelaze adre fsevdo-dionises 

naazrevs exmianeba wm. maqsime aRmsarebeli. igi gvmoZRvravs, 

rom RmerTi moicavs, aerTebs da SemoqmedebiTad `Sinagani kav- 

SiriT erTmaneTTan akavSirebs yovel arsebuls~. xolo is sawyisi 

Zala, romliTac ufali erTmaneTTan aduRabebs ùTvalavi feriT~ 

(rusTaveli) gaSlil samyaros, aris `maTSi CaTesili logosebi~, 

nivTieri arsebobis RvTaebrivi safuZveli, uzenaesiseuli 

Canafiqri Seqmnilze. logosi Seurevnelad da ganuyoflad amyofebs 

Tavis SigniT da erTmaneTTan yvela qmnilebas (`mistagogia~, 

I). yvela qmnilebaSi CaTesili es logosuri sawyisi uzenaesiseuli 

energiiT msWvalavs yvelafers (`mistagogia~, VII). yvela Seqmnili 

iswrafvis Tavisi logosisaken. magram ismeba kiTxva, _ nivTieri 

qmnileba rogor imoZravebs Tavisi logosisaken, mas xom gonierebiT 

gaSualebuli neba ar gaaCnia. aseTi neba mxolod adamians aqvs. 

swored adamianis meSveobiT Semodis nivTier qmnilebaSi RvTaebrivi 

energia da ubiZgebs mas Tavisi logosisaken, uflisaken. yovlis 

erTmyofeli am saRvTo amocanis realizatorad RvTisganve daniSnulia 

adamiani, swored amitomaa Cafiqrebuli igi mikrokosmosad, 

samyaros saxed (`mistagogia~, VII). maqsime aRmsareblis Teologiuri 

anTropologiis Tanamedrove mkvlevari ityvis amis Sesaxeb: 

swored adamiani gvevlineba samyaros xsnis mediatorad (Tunbergi 

1965:140-152). ufali `badebs Seqmnil arsebebSi siyvaruls, _ ganmartavs 

vl. loski wm. maqsimes erT-erT naSroms, _ romelic aiZulebs 

maT, mas (ufals. g. f.) eswrafvodnen~ (loski 1991 : 225) 

maSinve, roca adamianuri buneba macxovarma SeuerTa RvTaebrivs, 

iwyeba adamianuri bunebis da mTeli kosmosis gamsWvalva 

RvTaebrivi energiiT, _ gvmoZRvravs ioane damaskeli (`marTlmadidebluri 

sarwmunoebis zedmiwevniTi gadmocema~, III, 17). 

xolo XV s-Si nikoloz kuzaneli ityvis: `swored adamianuri 

88

uneba... Tavis TavSi erTmaneTs Seurwyams yvelafers samyaroSi 

arsebuls da amitom Zvel filosofosTagan samarTlianad iwodeba 

mikrokosmosad, mcire samyarod. swored igi, amaRldeboda ra 

maqsimalurTan SeerTebis donemde, amitom aRmoCndeboda sisavsed 

yvela srulqmnilebisa da universumisa mTlianad da yoveli 

calkeuli sagnisa; ase rom, yvelaferi adamianis gziT miaRwevda 

Tavis umaRles safexurs~ (kuzanski 1979: 150). 

universumis Sinagani mTlianobisa da harmoniis arsis wvdomisaTvis 

erTob sagulisxmo gansjaT vipoviT evg. trubeckois 

wignSi `sicocxlis sazrisi~. igi ambobs: RvTaebrivma madlma, vi- 

Tarca siyvarulma, samyaro unda aavsos. `masSi yvelaferi unda 

gacocxldes _ adamianic da mTeli miwieri buneba. adamiani samyaroSi 

gvevlineba Suamdgomlad, gamtareblad, romlis meSveobiTac 

samyaroSi SeaRwevs is Zala, rac yvelafers aaRorZinebs~ 

(trubeckoi 1994: 301). àdamianSi da adamianis meSveobiT mJRavndeba 

Semoqme-debiTi energia dedamiwisa... misgan samyaro elodeba im 

saboloo gamaTavisuflebel sityvas, romelic gaacxadebs saidumlos 

yvela qmnilebisa, gamoxatavs sazriss mTliansamyarouli simfoniisa~. 

bibliac ase Wvrets adamians, aRiqvams viTarca `yovliserTobis 

mqadagebels dedamiwaze~ (trubeckoi 1994: 394). qristes 

xorcielad movlinebiT `gamoixateba miwisadmi maradiuli RvTaebrivi 

siyvarulis daRmavali moZraobis sisavsec da miwierebis 

Semxvedri aRmavali moZraobis sruli dagvirgvinebc... xolo adamianis 

meSveobiT da adamianis kvaldakval `TÂT igica dabadebuli 

ganveTavisufldes monebisagan xrwnilebisa~ (rom., VIII, 21). qristes 

miwieri moRvaweobis Sesaxeb evangeluri Txrobis dasawyisSive 

gvaqvs miTiTeba imis Sesaxeb, rom sacdurze misi (macxovris. _ g. f.) 

gamarjveba aris dasawyisi yvela qmnilebis mTlianobis aRdginebisa, 

codviT dacemam rom daangria. udabnoSi qristes irgvliv Tavs 

iyrian miwiernic da zeciernic. `da iyo mÃecTa Tana, da angelozni 

hmsaxurebdes mas~ (mark., 1,13). (trubeckoi 1994: 417-418). 

jer kidev rodis fsevdo-dionise areopageli gvmoZRvravda, 

rom yovlis erTmyofeli Zlevamosileba uflisa `ganefineba adamianebzec, 

cxovelebzec, mcenareebzec da, saerTod, erTianad mTel 

bunebaze; gaerTianebulT igi amagrebs erTmaneTis siyvarulSi da 

erTmaneTTan urTierTobaSi~ (`saRmrToTa saxelTaTvis~, VIII, 5) 

(xazgasma Cvenia._g.f.). 

Seyvarebuli avTandilis sulis siRrmeebidan daZruli energia 

saRvTo mijnurobasTan (`mijnuroba pirvelTan~) xdeba wilnayari, 

rogorc es poemis prologSive aRgviTqva rusTavelma: `... 

marT masve baZveno~. RvTis mijnurSi RvTaebrivi energia SeaRwevs 

89

misgan (uflisgan) gansxvavebul yofierebaSi, ganwonis mas. ganRmr- 

Toba procesia, moZraobaa, _ gvmoZRvravs maqsime aRmsarebeli,_ 

da igi nawilobriv mainc miiRweva miwieri yofnis sinamdvileSi. 

ukve aq, miwaze, saRvTo madlis wyalobiT wmindanebi aRiWurvebian 

ufliseuli energiiT da RvTisaken swrafvis Sesabamisad amgvar 

energias iRebs yvela adamiani da mTeli kosmosi. ufliseuli energia 

SeaRwevs TviT saganSi, sxeulSi da zecisken ubiZgebs maT (àmbigua~). 

raRac msgavsi xdeba arabi mijnuris sulSi, xolo sulidan 

gadmoRvril am madls avTandili miuwiladebs mTel samyaros. amgvari 

madlis Zala ki bunebis kanonebis gadamlaxveli xdeba: 

90 

ra esmodis mRera ymisa, smenad mxecni movidian, 

misve xmisa sitkbosagan wyliT qvanica gamosxdian, 

ismendian, gahkvirdian, ra atirdis, atirdian; 

imRers leqsTa sabraloTa, Rvarisaebr cremli sdian. 

movidian Sesamkoblad qveyniT yvela sulierni, 

tyiT nadirni, wyalSiT Tevzni, zRviT niangni, ciT mfrinvelni, 

indo-arab-saberZneTiT, maSriyiT da maRribelni. 

rusni, sparsni, mofrangeni da misreTiT megviptelni. 

Tavad siyvaruli mReris am sivrceSi. netari avgustines sityvebiT 

rom gavimeoroT, `Tavad siyvarulia axali simRera... mTeli 

dedamiwa mReris axal simReras, mTel dedamiwaze Sendeba saxli, 

mTeli dedamiwa aris saxli RvTisa~. TviT ufali, romelic `siyvaruli 

ars~, Tu saRvTo madli musikis eniT gacxaddeba aq da am madlis 

ZaliT uqmdeba ara mxolod sivrculi samanebi, aramed adamianze 

dabla mdgom arsebaTa bunebrivi SezRudulobani. mTel mzisqve- 

SeTs miswvdenia siyvarulis sagalobeli, miswvdenia da moukrebia. 

nadir-frinvelT, zRvis binadarT, usulo sagnebsac suli CadgmiaT, 

adamianuri grZnoba-gancda, Tanadgomisa da Tanalmobis niWi 

gaRviZebiaT. `siyvaruli da simRera aerTianebs adamianebs, raTa 

axali taZari, axali samyaro aaSenon~, _ ambobs v. biCkovi avgustineseul 

gansjaTa saanalizod, siyvarulisa da simReris ZaliTa da 

madliT mSenebare axal taZarSi, axal samyaroSi SevyavarT rusTvels 

(biCkovi 1999: 211). 

pirvelcodviTi dacema imas niSnavda, rom adamianSi _ mikrokosmosSi 

WeSmariti sicocxlis, yofnis pirvelwyaro _ siyvaruli 

daimcro, dabeCavda (gavixsenoT: àdamianis sicocxle 

siyvarulia~). damcroba maSinve airekla makrokosmosma, Txa da 

mgeli erTad aRar sZoven. iqedan mokidebuli, ganmartavs mociquli, 

àmaoebasa daemorCila dabadebuli ara nebsiT, aramed mis 

mier~, adamianis mier. da yoveli dabadebuli sasoebiT `gamoCine-

asa SvilTa RmrTisaTa moelis~, raTa swored imis meSveobiT, 

vinc amaoebis kerZad aqcia yoveli dabadebuli, `gan-ve-Tavisufldes 

monebisagan xrwnilebisa~ (rom., VIII, 20-21). mxolod adamians, 

viTarca `mcire samyaros~ `did samyaroSi~, `Svilad RmrTisad~ 

pirovnulad amaRlebis gziT xelewifeba axla uflisken gauZRves 

yvela arsebas. qristem da qristianobam STaagona kacobriobas, 

rom es aris adamianis umaRlesi daniSnuleba da `saRvTo vali~. 

qriste modis, gvmoZRvravs wm. makari megvipteli, raTa aRudginos 

kacs `pirveladi silamaze~ (homilia V); qristianoba aris `movlineba 

axali da mSvenieri adamianisa~ (homilia XIV). aseTi àxali 

da mSvenieri adamiania~ avTandili, romelic àxal simReras~, siyvaruls 

galobs, mTel dedamiwas rom esmis, yvela qmnilebis yofnis 

saZirkvlamde rom uwevs da erTmaneTTan SeaduRebs, universumad 

aqcevs siyvarulis _ kosmiuri musikis duRabiT. ZvelisZvelia 

tradicia, _ ambobs paul tilixi, _ `romelic imaSi mdgomareobs, 

rom universumis Semadgeneli sawyisebi unda veZioT adamianSi~. igi 

erTnairad intensiuria `miTologiaSic da misticizmSic, poezia- 

Sic da metafizikaSic~ (tilixi 2000:170). magram isaa sagulisxmo, 

rom mxolod qristianulma msoflmxedvelobam Seracxa siyvaruli 

universumis mTlianoba-harmoniis balaverad. 

SemTxveviTi arc is unda iyos, rom siyvarulisa da simReris 

mSvenierebis winaSe ugrZnobeli arc iseTi tlu da erTob `Tvalad 

nasi~ arseba ar darCenila, rogoric niangia. avTandilis `xmisa sitkbosagan~ 

wylidan qvanic daZrulan, maTac Tanamlmobeli cremli 

sdiT. `cremlni gamovaln sinedlisagan gvamisao~, _ gvaswavlis 

wm. ioane oqropiri. qva da rkina araorganuli bunebis sul qveda 

safexurebze arian ganlagebulni, amitom arian ase mZimeni, uxeSni. 

magram isinic pirvelmizezisagan moivlinnen yofnad, ufals maTTvisac 

uboZebia Tavisi upiratesoba yofnisa (`me var, romeli var~). 

uflis xeli akavebs maT aryofnis ufskrulSi gauCinarebisagan. 

yovlis SemqmnelTan Tanayofnis dvrita qvaSic gaucxovelebia zecas 

miwevnil sagalobels siyvarulisa. wm. basili kesarieli ityvis: 

`fsalmunTa galoba cremlebs qvis gulidanac ki gamoswuravs~ 

(`fsalmunTa ganmartebani~). uflisaken SesaSuri ZalisxmeviT mltolveli 

pirovnebis mSvenierebam qvebic pirovnuli cnobierebis 

SuqTan gaxada wilnayari, wylidan `gamosxa~, raTa adamiansa da cas 

Sehxedon, miayuradon. (Cven mogvexseneba, rom `vefxistyaosnis~ 

saanalizo monakveTis sul bolo strofs (`movidian Sesamkoblad 

qveyniT yvela sulierni...~) bevri ar miiCnevs rusTveliseulad. es 

Tundac ase iyos, Cvens sjas saeWvod ver aqcevs. es strofi mxolod 

niuansurad akonkretebs imas, rac manamdec ukve gamoikveTa, raki 

91

qvanic ki atirebulan. Tu maincdamainc interpolaciaa, imas ki 

mowmobs, rom karg mTqmels kargi gamgone Zvel saqarTveloSive ar 

gamolevia. 

avTandilis galobis epizodi namdvilad aris sinTezi wminda 

poeziisa da wminda religiisa. Cven ki isic gvgonia, rom aq 

gamoxatul msoflSegrZnebaSi ukve ilandeba is azri, romlis 

mixedviT, mTlianobis saZirkvlad siyvarulis fenomenis miCnevas 

racionalur-SemecnebiTi axsnac SeiZleba moeZebnos. amgvari 

TvalTaxedva saukuneTa sigrZeze gakrTeboda xolme, xolo XX saukunis 

Sua wlebSi gamoqveynebul wignSi pier teiar de Sardenisa, _ 

àdamianis fenomeni~, romlis erT Tavs hqvia _ `siyvaruli _ energia~, 

sakiTxi sagangebodaa ganxiluli. p. teiaris TvalsazrisiT, 

siyvaruli sxvadasxva formiTa da xarisxiT niSneulia organizebuli 

materiis yvela formisaTvis. advili Sesacnobia igi ZuZumwovarTa 

Soris. sicocxlis xis ufro dabal safexurze igi erTob 

bundovandeba, mouxelTebelia. magram molekulis warmoqmnis vi- 

TarebaSi `rom ar arsebobdes Sinagani swrafva mTlianobisken, ise 

siyvaruli fizikurad ver daCndeboda zeviT, CvenSi~, adamianSi. 

`raTa damajereblad davadasturoT siyvarulis arseboba CvenSi, 

Cven unda vvaraudobdeT, mivyvebiT ra saerTo wess, mis arsebobas 

Canasaxovani saxiT mainc, yvelaferSi, rac arsebobs... raTa samyaro 

mivides Tavis sisrulemde siyvarulis ZalTa zemoqmedebiT, 

samyaros fragmentebi eZeben erTmaneTs. da aq ar aris araviTari 

metafora da mniSvnelovnad meti Sinaarsia, vidre poeziaSi... raTa 

kosmiuri energiis wyaro vipovoT, saWiroa, Tu sagnebs aqvT TavianTi 

Sinagani mxare, `CaveSvaT~ sulier mizidulobaTa Sinagan an 

radialur zonaSi. yvela Tavisi niuansis mixedviT, siyvaruli sxva 

araferia, Tu ara uSualo kvali imisa, rac Tavis TavTan universumis 

fsiqologiurma konvergenciam (miaxloebam. _ g. f.) datova 

elementSi~ (teiari 1965:259) (xazgasma Cvenia. _ g.f.). 

rom mTeli universumi myofobs TviTeul individSi da miiwvdomeba 

misganve, am TvalTaxedvas filosofiur-religiuri argumentebiT 

amagrebs p. tilixic. igi ambobs: `calkeuli foToli 

Tanamonawileobs im bunebriv struqturebsa da ZalebSi, romlebic 

zemoqmedeben maszec da misi meSveobiTac... Tu adamianze vimsjelebT 

kosmosis TvalsazrisiT, maSin igi Tanamonawileobs universumSi 

imitom, rom mis winaSe gaxsnilia universaluri struqturebi, 

formebi da kanonebi... universaliebi xdian adamians uni- 

92 

4

versalurad. universaliebis meSveobiT adamiani Tanamonawileobs 

yvelaze Soreul varskvlavebSi da yvelaze Soreul warsulSi. es 

aris ontologiuri safuZveli imis samtkiceblad, rom Semecneba 

_ es aris gaerTianeba da rom igi efuZneba eross, im elementebis 

gamamTlianebels, romlebic arsebiTad erTmaneTs ekuTvnian 

(tilixi 2000:177), (pirveli xazgasma Cvenia, meore _ avtorisa. _ 

g. f.). p. tilixic siyvarulis fenomens miiCnevs imis safuZvlad, rac 

universums harmoniulad kravs: erosi amTlianebs elementebs, arsebiTad 

rom èrTmaneTs ekuTvnian~ (SeadareT p. teiaris frazas: 

`raTa samyaro mivides Tavis sisrulemde siyvarulis ZalTa zemoqmedebiT, 

samyaros fragmentebi eZeben erTmaneTs~). 

p. teiari adamianis sulis moZraobis zogierT faqtsac iSveliebs: 

universumis grZnoba, nostalgia mTlianobis mouxelTeblobisa 

gveufleba bunebis Wvretisas, silamazis winaSe, WeSmariti 

musikis mosmenisas. raRac diadi, namdvili da Soreuli gvixmobs. 

yvela Zlieri emociis siRrmeSi xmianobs gawvrTnili sulis es faqizi 

vibracia. `rezonansi mTlianobaze _ es aris wminda poeziisa 

da wminda religiis arsebiTi noti~ (teiari 1965: 261-262). 

avTandilis galoba wminda poeziisa da wminda religiis simbiozia. 

kosmiur simfoniad gacxadebuli siyvarulis meSveobiT 

pirovneba avTandili iaxlovebs mTel kosmoss, mis mravalsaxovan 

binadarTa personalizacias axdens da maTTan erTad uaxlovdeba 

ufals (àrsebuli Tanamonawileobs arsSi~). miwieri pirovneba 

pirovnuli absolutisaken miuZRvis pirovnuli cnobierebiT gamdidrebul-gacxovelebul 

kosmoss. p. teiari amgvar tendenciaze 

ityvis: `dae, universumma SemdgomSi SeiZinos saxe da guli, dae, igi, 

Tu SeiZleba ase vTqvaT, personificirebuli gaxdes CvenTvis~ (teiari 

1965:262). 

avTandili Teurgia, xelovania, mTel kosmoss sZens igi adamianur 

saxes da Caudgams siyvaruliTa da TanalmobiT mfeTqav guls 

(qvasac ki). araorganizebuli bunebac ki Tavisufldeba materiis 

simZimisagan, adamianuri Tanadgomis madls eziareba. isev gavimeorebT: 

`mTeli dedamiwa mReris axal simReras~. adamianis Sinagani 

samyaro ki araa `gatanili gareT da gasagnebuli~, rogorc SeiZleba 

mogveCvenos, aramed, piriqiT, buneba da saganT samyaroa gaadamianurebuli, 

personificirebuli. 

avTandilis galobis epizodSi adamianis mimarTeba samyaros- 

Tan principulad upirispirdeba klasikuri antikuri msoflmxedvelobisTvis 

niSneul gagebas: ìmis nacvlad, rom moxdes adamianis 

`deindividualizacia~, `kosmizacia~ da, amgvarad, igi gaiTqvifos 

erTgvar upirovno RvTaebriobaSi, _ ityvis qristianul an- 

93

Tropologiaze msjelobisas vl. loski, _ pirovnul RmerTTan 

urTierTobis absoluturad pirovnulma xasiaTma unda misces mas 

SesaZlebloba, rom moaxdinos samyaros `personalizacia~. ukve 

adamiani ki ar gadarCeba samyaros meSveobiT, aramed samyaro _ 

adamianiT, imitom, rom adamiani aris hipostasi mTeli samyarosi, 

romelic wilnayaria mis bunebasTan. da dedamiwa iZens Tavis 

pirovnul, hipostasur sazriss adamianSi. adamiani samyarosaTvis 

aris misi sasoeba madlsa da RmerTTan SeerTebaze... samyaro mihyveba 

adamians, imitom, rom igi (samyaro. _ g. f.) TiTqos aris adamianis 

buneba; misTvis SeiZleboda ànTroposfero~ gvewodebina... 

ase rom, Cven pasuxs vagebT samyarosaTvis. Cven varT is sityva, is 

logosi, romliTac igi Tavis Tavs gamoTqvams, da mxolod Cvenzea 

damokidebuli _ RvTismgmoblobs igi Tu iloceba. mxolod Cveni 

meSveobiT kosmosi, viTarca gagrZeleba Cveni sxeulisa, SeZlebs 

eziaros madls~ (loski 1991: 297). pirvelmizezis umaRlesi upiratesoba 

_ yofna, Sesaqmis Jams yvela qmnilebisadmi madlad miboZebuli, 

xolo mere pirvelcodviT damcrobili da gaxunebuli, 

avTandilis galobis aqtSi mtvers da Jangs gadaiyris, dvrita iRviZebs, 

RvTis xatad dabadebuli kaci da gaadamianurebuli buneba 

zecisken daiZrebian. avTandili namdvilad aris ìs sityva, is logosi~, 

romliTac samyaro, viTarca RvTisagan nakurTxi yofiereba, 

`Tavis Tavs gamoTqvams. arabi raindis Rvawlis madliT `samyaro 

iloceba~, xdeba adamianis miRma arsebul qmnilebaTa gaadamianureba, 

personifikacia. 

94 

damowmebani: 

berdiaevi 1916: Бердяев Н. Смысл творчества. М.: 1916. 

biCkovi 1999: Бычков В. 2000 лет христианской культуры. Т.1, Москва-Санкт-Петербург: 

1999. 

Tunbergi 1965: Thunberg I. Microcosm and Mediator. The Theological Anthropology of Maximus 

the Confessor. Lund: 1965. 

imedaSvili 1968: imedaSvili g. vefxistyaosani da qarTuli kultura. Tb.: 1968. 

korboni 1974: Корбон Ж. Испытание хритианина. Словарь библейского богословия. Брюссель: 

`Жизнь с Богом~, 1974. 

kuzanski 1979: Кузанский Н. Сочинения. Т.1, М.: 1979. 

loski 1991: Лосский Вл. Очерк мистического богословия Восточной церкви. Сб. `Мистическое 

богословие~, Киев: 1991. 

loski 1991: Лосский Вл. Догматическое богословие. Сб. `Мистическое богословие~, Киев: 

1991. 

nozaZe 1957: nozaZe v. vefxistyaosanis varskvlavTmetyveleba. santiago de Cile: 

1957. 

svedenborgi 1999: Сведенборг Э. Мудрость ангельская о божественной любви и божественной 

мудрости. Москва-Санкт-Петербург: 1999. 

teiari 1965: Тейяр де Шарден П. Феномен человека. М.: 1965.

tilixi 2000: Тиллих П. Системаческая теология. Т. 1-2. Москва_Санкт-Петербург: 2000. 

trubeckoi 1994: Трубецкой Е. Смысл жизни. Сб. `Смысл жизни~, М.: 1994. 

xinTibiZe 1975: xinTibiZe el. msoflmxedvelobrivi problemebi vefxistyaosanSi. 

Tb.: 1975. 

Griver Parulava 

Eulogy for Completeness and Beauty of the Universe 

Summery 

On a long and heavy way of looking for a missing sweetheart of his sworn brother, 

Avtandil (Shota Rustaveli’s “The Knight in the Panther’s Skin” (Vepkhvistkhaosani)) 

eulogizes the luminaries, praying for keeping love alight in the heart of his beloved, 

Tinatin. 

Energy, moved from the bottom of the heart of Avtandil in love, becomes similar 

to divine love and the Love itself is spreading as music throughout the Universe by 

mercy of the God, as if the God himself eulogizes from Avtandil’s lips. Thereafter, 

natural hindrances disappear. People of different countries, birds and beasts, sea 

creatures and even stones were turned into sympathizers by Avtandil’s song. Power of 

love crystallized into cosmic symphony personifies creatures existing beyond a human 

being. Inner harmony of the Universe between the God, a human being and the nature 

is embodied in Avtandil’s song. 

95

lia gugunava 

96 

komparativistuli Ziebani 

sulieri zeaRsvlis zogierTi momenti `hamletsa~ da 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ 

(`vefxistyaosani~ rogorc filosofiuri Janris poema) 

sulieri zeaRsvla filosofiuri problemaa. `vefxistyaosanSi~ 

am sakiTxis arseboba bunebrivia, radganac igi filosofiuri 

Janris poemaa. `Secdoma iqneboda `vefxistyaosanSi~ gveZebna 

filosofiuri sistema, magram ara naklebi Secdoma iqneboda 

gvefiqra, TiTqos `vefxistyaosani~ ar gvaZlevda sakmao masalas 

imisaTvis, rom dasrulebuli saxiT Camogveyalibebina rusTavelis 

Sexedulebani filosofiis ZiriTad sakiTxebze. `vefxistyaosnis~ 

erT-erTi Tavisebureba is aris, rom igi filosofiuri Janris 

nawarmoebia. poezia, rusTavelis azriT, `sibrZnis erTi dargia~. 

maSasadame poeti brZenia~ (nadiraZe 1958: 13). amitomac rusTavelis 

Sexedulebebi qristiani adamianis sulier zeaRsvlaze, qristes 

gzaze mavalTaTvis simboloSi gamovlenil uflis mibaZvaze erTerTi 

mniSvnelovani niSania `vefxistyaosani~ miviCnioT filosofiuri 

Janris poemad. 

adamianis ganRmrToba, rogorc cnobilia, xdeba RmerTis miba- 

ZviT. RmerTma kaci RvTaebrivi gonebiT daajildova. RvTaebrivi 

goneba da niWiereba imitom uboZa, rom sasikeTo saqmes emsaxurebodes. 

diadi saqmeebis SesrulebaSi adamians gangeba farulad 

uwyobs xels. gangebis keTilganzraxulebaSi Cawvdoma mxolod 

zneobrivad maRali pirovnebaTaTvis aris misawdomi. mecnierul 

literaturaSi RmerTis Secnobis mravali xerxi arsebobs. erTerTi 

maTgania sulieri zeaRsvlis simboloSi gamovlenili ufali. 

adamiani qristes simboloSic unda baZavdes. 

qarTul mecnierul literaturaSi adamianis ganRmrTobis 

irgvliv araerTi sayuradRebo Sroma Seqmnila, romlebmac 

rusTavelis ukvdavi poemis amocnobaSi didi roli iTamaSa. am 

sakiTxs kidev erTi Sroma mieZRvna: ìoane sabanisZis `wmida habo 

tfilelis martviloba~. am SromiT mkvlevarma goCa kuWuxiZem 

didi wvlili Seitana Tanamedrove mecnierul azrovnebaSi. mis 

mier Rrmad da mravalmxrivad gaanalizebuli sulieri zeaRsvlis 

problema xels uwyobs ara marto saRmrTo literaturis, aramed

aseve bibliis gagebas. mkvlevari RmerTis Secnobis amgvar gagebas 

gvTavazobs: `RmerTi bolomde Seucnobelia, magram radganac 

Semoqmedi warmoCnda samyaroSi da adamians misi gamosaxvac SeuZlia, 

igi Seimecneba. (RmerTi Tavisi SeucnoblobiTac Seimecneba). 

areopagitika, wmida grigol noseli RmerTis Secnobis katafatikur-apofatikur 

gzas gvTavazoben. katafatikiT RmerTis gansaz- 

Rvrebas vaxdenT (katafatikuria saxelebi, romlebic RmerTis 

daxasiaTebas iZleva – keTili, samarTliani, mowyale), uaryofiTi 

saxelebis CamoTvliT ki mis ganusazRvrelobas SevicnobT. apofatikuri 

(uaryofiTi) meTodiT SecnobisaTvis iseTi sityvebi gamoiyeneba, 

romlebic gvagrZnobineben, rom RmerTi ver Seimecneba... 

sabanisZe formiT katafatikuris msgavs saxelebs CamoTvlis (kari, 

gza, tarigi, mwyemsi, lodi, marili, margaliti, yvavili, angelozi, 

kaci, RmerTi, naTeli, qveyana, marili, mdogvis marcvali, matli, 

mze simarTlis, Ze mamis ukvdavis, erT RmerT gardauqcevel)... am 

saxelebiT bolomde Secnoba SeuZlebelia... es saxelebi RvTis arsebas 

srulad mainc ver gamoxatavs~ (kuWuxiZe 2006: 25-26). 

mkvlevaris mtkicebiT, sabanisZis agiografiul moTxrobaSi 

CamoTvlili RmerTis saxelebi iovanes saxarebidan iRebs saTaves. 

RvTis saxelTa Tanmimdevrobam miiyJvana mkvlevari im daskvnamde, 

rom adamianTa sulieri zeaRsvla Tvrameti safexurisgan Sesdgeba. 

mkvlevari TviTeul saxels ganmartavs da iovanes saxarebidan 

mraval farul azrebsac amoicnobs. Cven SegviZlia mokled mimovixiloT 

RvTis saxelTa metad saintereso avtoriseuli axsna. 

sulieri zeaRsvlis gza iwyeba uflis simboloTi `kari~. 

iovanes saxarebaSi naTqvamia: `romeli ara Sevals kariT ezosa 

cxvarTasa, aramed sxÂT kerZo Sevals, igi mparavi ars da avazaki. 

xolo romeli Sevals kariT, mwyemsi ars cxovarTaÁ... me var ka-ri 

cxovarTaÁ~ (iov. 10,1-2, 7). qriste, am SemTxvevaSi, karia qristianebisaTvis, 

romlebic sulierebis karSi unda Sevidnen. amis Semdeg 

iovanes saxarebaSi naxsenebia `gza~. `Cem mier Tu vinme Sevides, 

cxondes; Sevides da gamovides da saZovar povos~ (iov. 10,9). igive 

azri meordeba: `me var gzaÁ da me var WeSmaritebaÁ da cxorebaÁ~. 

aravin movides mamis, garna Cem mier~ (iov. 14,6). gza imitom ewoda 

qristes, rom mas mamisaken mihyavs qristianebi, anu sulieri amaRlebis 

gzaze ayenebs Tavis mimdevrebs. sulieri aRmasvlis Semdegi 

safexuria `tarigi~. kariT Semavali piri ki ar iparavs, aramed Tvi- 

Ton gaiwiros sxvebisTvis. `mparavi igi ara movides, aramed TviTon 

iparos da daklas da warwymidos, xolo me movel, raÁTa cxorebaÁ 

aqundes da umetesi aqundes~ (iov. 10,10). amis Semdeg RmerTi 

`mwyemsis~ simboloTi warmogvidgeba. 

97

`me var mwyemsi keTili; mwyemsman keTilman suli TÂs dadvis 

cxovarTaTÂs~ (iov. 10,11). mwyemsi cnobs Tavis cxvrebs da isinic 

xmiT cnoben mas. daqiravebuli piri ar aris sando, mglis danaxvaze 

TviTonve garbis da samwysos upatronod tovebs. amitomac mwyemsis 

saxelSi gamovlenili ufali ambobs. `me var mwyemsi da gicni 

Cemni igi, da mician CemTa maT. viTarca micis me mamaman, vici meca 

mamaÁ da sulsa Cemsa davdeb cxovarTaTÂs~ (iov. 10,14-15) da asea axsnili 

yovel simboloSi gamovlenili ufali da qrimstes gzaze mimavali 

adamianebi. RmerTis mibaZviT misi mowafeebi imdenad ivsebian 

madliT, sulierad mtkicdebian, rom eSmakis mcdari azrebi maT 

ver acduneben. bolos TviTonve xdebian misabaZi obieqti da ukve 

SeuZliaT sxvebis swavleba da aRzrda. 

mkvlevari imdenad Rrmad swvdeba saxarebis teqsts, rom igi 

sakuTar gagebas gvTavazobs. magaliTad, sainteresoa lazares 

gacocxlebis interpretacia. `lazarem tarigiviT Cakla Tavis 

TavSi warmavloba. yovelgvari amqveyniuri interesebis dakargvis 

gamo mokvda. roca ieso samaresTan loculobs, axali qristianuli 

faseulobebisadmi interess uRviZebs lazares suls da amiT 

sicocxleSi abrunebs. sulieri cvlileba lazares sxeulsac 

cvlis. dazare Zlevs `tarigis~ safexurs da mosalodnelia, rom 

momavalSi qristes sxva mowafeebTan erTad, qristiani mwyemsi 

gaxdes. danarCen mowafeebs ar dasWirdebaT fizikuri sikvdilis 

miReba, radgan ufali adreve Caanacvlebs Zveli interesebis 

adgilas axals~ (kuWuxiZe 2006: 47). 

sainteresoa `hamletisa~ da `vefxistyaosnis~ gmirebs Soris 

Tu arian qristes gzaze mdgari personaJebi, romlebic simboloeb- 

Si gamovlenil macxovars baZaven da sxvasac exmarebian sulierad 

amaRlebaSi. 

imisaTvis, raTa sulierad amaRldes adamiani, pirvel rigSi, 

is unda ganiwmindos codvebisagan. 

`hamletSi~ mTavar gmirs rom swams sulis ganwmendis sasikeTo 

Zala adamianis gardaqmnisaTvis, yvelaze mkafiod amas dedasTan 

scenaSi gamoTqvams: 

98 

And when you are desirous to be blest, 

I’ll blessing beg of you. 

(Shakespeare, 1978, III, 4 p. 197). 

maCablis genialur TargmanSi es azri ase JRers: 

`da Tu survili guls aRgeZra daglocos vinmem, 

me TviT moviTxov, dedaCemo, Sengan dalocvas~. 

(Seqspiri 1954; III,4; gv. 161)

hamleti eubneba hertrudas, rodesac RmerTi Segindobs 

codvas, rac imas niSnavs, rom misi suli ganiwmindeba, maSin mogTxov 

dalocvaso. bless niSnavs dalocvas, kurTxevas. 

hamletis rwmena, rom adamians ZaluZs Tavis TavSi daTrgunos 

boroteba, eTanxmeba bibliur TxzulebebSi gamoTqmul azrs. 

SegviZlia davimowmoT ezekiel winaswarmetyvelis sityvebi: `Tu 

boroteuli ganudgeba Tavis borotebas, rac Caudenia, da samarTlianad 

da simarTliT moiqceva, Tavad gaicocxlebs suls~ (ezek. 

18,27). 

hamlets surs dedaze moaxdinos gavlena. sulSi Caaxedos, 

daanaxos Tavisi danaSauli, rac, misi rwmeniT, WeSmarit gzaze 

dadgomis sawindari gaxdeba. mTeli scena am azrs dastrialebs. 

hamleti aq gvevlineba sulieri zeaRsvlis im safexurze myof 

qristianad, rodesac princs unari Seswevs sxvaTa ganswavlis. 

Rrmad aris darwmunebuli imaSi, rom sulieri amaRleba hertrudas 

Secvlis. hamleti im dros `mwyemsis~ simbolSi gamovlenil 

qristes ganasaxierebs, xelewifebis sxva daayenos qristianul 

gzaze. surs STamagonebeli sityvebiT masSi gaaRvivos qristianobis 

sidiadisadmi siyvaruli. 

`Mother, for love of grace, 

Lay not that flattering unction to your soul, 

That not your trespass but my madness... 

confess youself to heaven. 

Bepent what’s past, Avoid What is to come 

And do not spread the compost in the weeds 

To make them worser part of it 

And live the purer with the other half~ (III, 4) p. 195. 

maCabeli, rogorc yvelgan, aqac zust Sesatyvisebs urCevs 

religiur terminebs. repent – sinanuli, monanieba, trespass – dana- 

Sauli, unction – RmrTismosaoba da a. S. 

maCablis TargmanSi terminebis sizustis garda, kargad aris 

gadmocemuli hamletis ganwyobileba – dedis codvis gamo wuxili 

da vedreba wmida cxovrebas mihyos xeli. 

òh, dedaCemo, gaficeb madls maRals, zeciurs, 

nu inugeSeb Tavs imiT, viTomc sigiJe 

da ara Seni codva amas malaparakebs... 

gautydi zecas, Seinane Seni warsuli, 

zRude aRmarTe momavlis win da RvarZlis balaxs 

nu apativeb, _ ufro Zlier ar gaRonivrdes... 

maS Sors gastyorcne uwminduri nagleji misi 

da im meore naxevriTa icxovre wmidad~ (III,4) gv. 160. 

99

hamleti darwmunebulia, rom bunebis Secvla SesaZlebelia, 

Tu adamiani simtkices gamoiCens. 

100 

`For use almost can change the stamp of nature, 

And either throw the devil, or cast him out, 

With wondrous potency~ (III, 4), p. 195, 197. 

maCabels azri mxatvruli SesatyvisebiT aqvs gadmocemuli. 

`bunebis sjulis Secvla ZaluZs Cveulebasa 

da ZlierebiT TvisiT igi eSmakeul ZalT 

an Tvis nebazed mosdreks, anu srulad gandevnis~ (III,4), gv. 161. 

es dialogi imiTicaa aRsaniSnavi, rom hamleti dedis mxilebis 

dros amJRavnebs maRal zneobriv Tvisebebs. 

ègeTi saqme Cirqsa scxebs TviT umankoebas, 

uspobs morcxvobis siwiTlesa, Svenebas uspobs. 

farisevlobis saxelsa sdebs saTnoebasa... 

sarwmunoebas, sasos da tkbils fuye sityvad hxdis, 

oh, magvar saqmiT zecis saxe risxviT elvarebs, 

da ese myari deda-miwac SeWmuxvnilia 

da naRvliani, TiTqos iyos dRe gankiTxvisa~ (III,4), gv. 154. 

hamletma deda sulierebis simbolo `karSi~ Seiyvana. sakuTar 

sulSi Caaxeda da aTqmevina: 

òh, Svilo hamlet, Cumad iyav, nuRaras ambob, 

Senma sityvebma Cems sulSive Camaxedvina 

da damanaxa codvis kvali amouSleli~ (III, 4), gv. 154. 

e. i. hamletma hertruda qristianul sulierebas aziara da 

daarwmuna imaSi, rom codva unda moinanios, raTa wmidad ganagrZos 

cxovreba. hamleti zneobrivi siwmindiT simbolo `RmerTSi~ gamovlenil 

qristes baZavs. magram rogorc mecnieruli da RvTismetyveluri 

literatura gvkarnaxobs, adamians sifrTxile mmarTebs, 

Semoqmed RmerTze aRmatebulad ar warmoidginos Tavi. 

hamleti rom Tavs ar Tvlis yovlisSemZled, amis dasturia 

werilis Secvlis epizodi. man, marTalia, moxerxebulad Seucvala 

moRalate àmxanagebs~ werilis Sinaarsi, magram es Tavis simarjves 

ki ar miawera, aramed gangebis wyalobad CaTvala (gugunava 2005: 405). 

goCa kuWuxiZe Tavis SromaSi aRniSnavs, rom sulierad amaRlebuli 

adamiani `SeiZleba sityviT arc qadagebdes, gandegilad 

cxovrobdes, magram samagaliTo zneobrivi cxovrebiT mainc Sei- 

Zens mimbaZvelebs~ (kuWuxiZe 2006: 42).

hamlets aseT adamianad miaCnia Tavisi mama, yofili mefe. ase 

ixseniebs mas: 

`He was a man. take nhim for all in all, 

I shall not look upon his like again~. 

(Shakespeare 1978, I,2. p. 55) 

sityva-sityviT gadaiTargmneba: 

ìs iyo adamiani, yvelasaTvis, yvelaferSi misabaZi. 

me veRar vnaxav imis msgavss verasodes. 

maCabeli azrs mxatvrul formas uZebnis: 

ìs kaci iyo, vic Sehferis kacsa kacoba. 

me veRar vnaxav imis msgavssa Cem sicocxleSi!~ 

(Seqspiri 1954. I, 2. gv. 30) 

hamlets mama srulyofil pirovnebad miaCnia. mas Tavisi 

megobari horacioc srulqmnil adamianad miaCnia, magram maT Soris 

did gansxvavebas xedavs. 

horacios yvelaze karg Tvisebad igi uTvlis mis 

patiosnebas. 

`merwmune Cemo horacio, rom SenisTana 

patiosani kaci jered ar Semxvedria~ (III-2), gv. 121. 

originalSi `just a man~ _ samarTliani kaci. aleqsanderi aseT 

axsnas aZlevs am gamoTqmas: 

`you are the most upright man~ (Shakespeare 1978). 

upright – niSnavs patiosani, piriani, pirdapiri, samarTliani. 

radganac ùpright~ amden mniSvnelobas Seicavs, SegviZlia yvela es 

Tviseba mivaweroT horacios. 

Semdeg hamleti masSi afasebs gonierebas. 

`Seni simdidre aris Seniv goniereba 

da mxolod igi gacmevs, gxuravs da gasazrdoebs~ (gv. 121). 

hamletma icis, rom `RmerTs aravin uyvars, garda imisa, vinc 

sibrZniT cxovrobs~ (sibrZn. 7,28). da aseve `Tu vinmes samarTlianoba 

uyvars, misi Sroma siqvelea, radgan keTilgonierebasa da Wkuas, 

samarTlianobas da mxneobas aswavlis; amaTze sasargeblo ki kac- 

TaTvis cxovebaSi araferia~ (sibrZ. 8,7). hamletisaTvis miT ufro 

dasafasebelia aseTi Tvisebebis mqone adamiani, radganac cxovrebaSi 

sul sxva rames xedavs: 

101

102 

`daSaqrul enam dee lokos fuWi simdidre... 

iq, sadac laqucs sasyiedli moelis rame!~ 

horacios, hamletis azriT, arc simdidre da arc gaWirveqa ar 

daakargvinebs Rirsebas. 

`Sen, visac bevri gitanjnia, magram ar imCnev, 

ar imCnev arca bedis wyromas, arc mis wyalobas 

da orivesTvis TanabrobiT madlobas swirav~. 

hamleti horacioSi harmoniul pirovnebas xedavs. amitomac 

aris misgan aRtacebuli: 

`netavi imas, vinT agrea Sezavebuli 

grZnobiT, gonebiT; vinc sakravad beds ar msaxurebs 

da imis TiTebs ar ayolebs Tavis gulis-Tqmas. 

aba, miCvene jer iseTi kaci sadme, 

romelic monad vnebaTa Relvas ar gaxdomia, 

da masac Senebr aq Cavisvam, aq, gulis siRrme!~ (III,2) gv. 121-122. 

horaciom adamianuri susti mxareebi daZlia Tavis TavSi. 

cTunebas gauZlo, rac imas mozmobs, rom masSi imdenad Zlieria 

sulieri, saTno Tvisebebi, rom mas eSmaki ver daimorCilebs. hamletma 

icis, rom adamianis buneba ver uZlebs cTunebas. advilad 

SeuZlia sixarbem dasZlios an pativmoyvareobam Seipyras. amaSi 

Cven SgviZlia rusTaveli davimowmoT: 

`guli krulia kacisa, xarbi da gauZRomeli, 

guli Jam-Jamad yovelTa WirTa mTmo, lxinTa mdomeli 

guli brma, urCi xedvisa, TviT veras ver gamzomeli~. 

(rusTaveli 1951, st. 718) 

`ra oqro misTa moyvasTa arodes miscems lxenasa, 

dRed sikvdilamdis sixarbe Seaqnevs kbilTa RrWenasa, 

Sesdis da dasdis, aklia, emdurvis etlTa rbenasa~ (1260). 

`Wirsa da lxinsa, orsave zedan, marT viTa xelia 

miwyiv wyluldebis, sawuTro misi arodes mrTelia~ (1348). 

hamletma horacioSi iseTi Tvisebebi gamokveTa, romlebic 

damaxasiaTebelia brZenis bibliur gagebasTan. `brZeni igi ars, 

romlisa gonebaÁ yoladve ara SeSfoTnes da gulis-wyromad ara 

aRiZras da gansacdelTagan ara SeZrwundes da yovelsa zeda moTminebiT 

sulgrZelebdes da JamTa ara hyvebodes~ (basili 2002: 197). 

hamletisaTvis meore srulyofili kaci aris misi mama, 

romelzedac ukve aRvniSneT, rom yvelasaTvis misabaZi iyo. hamleti 

mis saxes ase warmogviCens:

`Sexede erTi am suraTsac da meoresac, 

ai am saxes oriv Zmisas. naxe, Tu pirvels 

rogor madli gadahkvria Saravandedad 

hiperionis xuWuW Tmasa hgavs amisi Tma 

da Subli TiTon iupitris Subls emsgavseba, 

Tvalni marsisa mrisxanebiT RvTaebr mWvretelni, 

axovaneba merkurisa, ciurT Sikrikis, 

warmogzavnilis cad mibjenil, maRal mTis wverzed; 

Sexeduleba didebuli, romelic TiTqo 

TavianT beWdiT saTiTaod RmerT aRebeWdoT, 

rom kacis saxed daesaxaT sruli qmnileba!~ 

(Seqspiri 1954, III,2, gv. 154-155). 

Seqspiri, pirvel rigSi, gmiris madls usvams xazs. 

à grace was seated on this brow~ (p. 189). 

madlia gamoxatuli mis saxezeo, e. i. mis saxeze gamosWvivis 

misi madlianoba, rasac maCabeli adeqvatur Sesatyviss uZebnis. 

`madlis~ nacvlad `Saravandeds~ Targmnis. `Saravandedi~ mxolod 

wmindanebs adgas. amdenad qarTul variantSi ufro gaZlierebulia 

misi madlianoba. Semdeg, hamleti mamis Tmas adarebs hiperionis 

kululebs. komentarebSi aRniSnulia, rom hiperioni simboluri 

mniSvnelobiT aris dasaxelebuli: `hair like the sun’s~ (p.188). misi Tma 

(hiperionis kululebi) mzes emsgavseba. aleqsanderis ganmartebiT, 

hiperions Seqspiri iyenebs mzis simbolod. `The name is frequenthy used 

as Shakespeare appears to use it, as a title for the sun~ (p. 52). mze migvaniSnebs 

qristeze. iupiterisagan, uzenaesi RmerTisagan, mas gadmocemuli 

aqvs saxe; mrisxanebiT mWvreteli Tvalebi omis RmerT marsisagan 

aqvs. masTan Sedareba SemTxveviTi ar aris – yofili mefe cnobili 

iyo gmirobiT, mas ixsenieben rogorc `Valiant Hamlet~ _ guladi, 

mamaci, mxne hamleti. omSi igi uZleveli iyo. merkurTan RmerTebis 

SikrikTan Sedareba azrobriv datvirvTas iZens. aleqsanderi 

SeniSnavs: `Mercury the messenger of the gods, and hence the god who goes 

between heaven and earth~ (Shakespeare, 1978, p. 188). 

maSasadame, aleqsanderis azriT, merkuri aris RmerTebis 

Sikriki, rac imaze mianiSnebs, rom mas, rogorc RmerTs, SeuZlia 

siaruli casa da dedamiwas Soris. es imas niSnavs, rom yofili 

mefe ganRmrTobili adamiania. amasve adasturebs TviT avtoris 

sityvebi: 

À combination and a form in deed 

Where every god seem to set his seal 

To give the world appearance of a man~. 

(Shakespeare, 1978, III, 4 p. 189). 

103

combination niSnavs erTianobas, krebas. aleqsanderis axsniT, 

aq igulisxmeba ùnion of virtues in the mind~ sulieri Rirsebebis kreba. 

amitom es citata teqstidan ase gadaiTargmneba: sulieri Rirsebebis 

kreba da Cinebuli fizikuri monacemebi yovelma RmerTma 

Tavisi beWdiT daamowma, raTa samyaro daerwmunebinaT adamianis 

sidiadeSi. 

maCablis mxatvrul TargmanSi aseTi saxe miiRo: 

104 

`Sexeduleba didebuli, romelic TiTqo 

TavianT beWdis saTiTaod RmerTT aRebeWdoT, 

rom kacis saxed daesaxaT sruli qmnileba!~ (III, 4, gv. 155). 

aleqsanderi am pasaJs Semdegnair axsnas aZlevs: `The gods 

set their saels on him to indicate that he has the qualities of majes ty, strenth, 

swiftness which the gods represent~ (p. 188). komentari ase gadaiTargmneba: 

RmerTebma TavianTi beWdebi daasves mas, raTa eCvenebinaT masSi 

RmerTebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi – didebuleba, Zala da 

simarde. 

metad mniSvnelovania aleqsanderis SeniSvna, radganac mefehamleti, 

princis mama, aq RmerTTan aris gaTanabrebuli. horacio 

Tu sulier zeaRsvlis im safexurs aRwevs, rodesac qristiani imdenad 

aris savse saTnoebiT, rom eSmakis cTunebebi mas verafers 

daakleben, sulierad mtkicea da RvTaebrivi srulyofilebisaken 

iswrafvis, hamletis mama – yofili mefe, ukve RmerTad gvevlineba. 

iseTi mefis nimuSia, romelic Rirsia xalxis winamZRvari 

iyos. Seqspiri darwmunebulia imaSi, rom Rirseul mefes, romelic 

amave dros gmiria, RmerTi uwevs Semweobas. aseTia saRvTo werilis 

mosazreba. àra cxondebis mefe mravalTa ZaliTa TÂsiTa (fs. 

32,16). `verc siWarbe saomari ZaliTa, verc kedlebi qalaqisa, verc 

fexosani razmebi, verc simtkice mxedrebis, verc sazRvao ZalTa 

aRWurviloba, ver ixsnis mefes, radganac ufali ambobs da aRazevebs 

mefeebs~ (dan. 2,21) `da ara ars xelmwifebaÁ garna RmrTisagan~ 

(rom. 13,1). àmitomac mefes ixsnis ara simravle Zalisa, aramed 

madli RmrTisa. magram RmrTis xelSia ara yoveli, aramed is, vinc 

Rirsia mefis saxelisa... yvela kacobrivi Zala, erTad aRebuli WeSmarit 

ZalasTan SedarebiT susti da uZluria~ (basili 2002: 116). 

hamlets stanjavs imis warmodgena, rom idealuri mefis adgili 

daiWira avazakma, Zmis mkvlelma biZam, romelic ìs imas hgavda, 

viT satirsa hiperioni~. 

hamleti anzogadebs borotmoqmedebis kerZo SemTxvevebs. bi- 

Zis da moRalate amxanagebis av zraxvebSi igi msoflios borotebas 

Wvrets. mas borotebis mospoba Tavis misiad miaCnia.

`The time is out of joint, cursed spite, 

That ever I was bom, to set it right~. 

(Shakespeare, 1978, I, 5, p. 91). 

spite - borotebas niSnavs. maCabeli Targmnis bedi. 

maCablis genialur TargmanSi hamletis misia ase JRers: 

`droTa kavSiri dairRva da wyeulma bedma 

me rad marguna misi Sekvra~ (Seqspiri 1954, I, 5, gv. 61). 

hamleti Rrmad aris darwmunebuli, rom boroteba ar 

daimaleba. 

`Fou deeds will rise, 

Though all the earth ovewhelm them, to men’s eyes~. 

(Shakespare 1978: I, 2. p. 61) 

maCabels adeqvaturad gadmoaqvs azri. 

`boroti saqme dRis sinaTles versad wauva, 

Tund dasamalad dedamiwa gadaefaros~!. 

(Seqspiri 1954: I, 2. gv. 36) 

Seqspiri mxatvrulad ametyvelebs saRvTo werilSi gamoTqmul 

am WeSmaritebas: àra ars dafaruli, romeli ara gamocxadnes, arca 

iyos saidumlod, aramed raÁTa gancxadebulad movides~ (mark. 4,22). 

zogjer boroti ganzraxva ganxorcielebamdec irkveva. amis 

dasturia hamletis mier misi moRalate amxaagebis mzakvruli gegmis 

winaswar ganWvreta. Tavisi gamWriaxi gonebiT hamletma adreve 

SeamCnia amxanagebis Ralati, biZis davalebiT maxes rom ugebdnen 

da TavianT maxeSi TviTve moaqcia. 

ai, ra gadawyvetileba miiRo hamletma: 

`dee, iSromon, samoa, ros memanqanes 

misgan namzadi iaraRi maRla afeTqebs, 

cudad momiva saqme, Tu rom mec ar gavTxare, 

ar movaqcie imaT naRmebs qveSiT sxva naRmi 

da mTvaremde ar avafrine, ra samoa, 

ros xedav rogor ori Zala erTmaneTs ebrZvis~. 

(Seqspiri 1954, III, 4, gv. 163) 

hamletze gavrcelebuli mcdari azrebis gavleniT, hamleti 

miCneuli iyo sust da unebisyofo adamianad, romelsac Zala ar 

Seswevda moqmedebisaTvis. Tundac hamletis zemoT moyvanili sityvebi 

ewinaaRmdegeba maT Sexedulebebs. hamleti rom cruebsa 

105

da farisevlebs sjis, amaSi, misi rwmeniT, gangeba exmareba (werilis 

Secvlis epizodi), radganac `vai ars kacisa mas sawyalobelisa 

cruisa da mzakvrisa da tyuvanisa, romeli msgavs aris eSmakisa, 

rameTu eSmaki dasabamiTgan mtuyvari ars... da moZulebul RmrTisagan~ 

(asuri 2002: 314). 

hamletis Sexedulebebi TavisTavad ukve brZolaa borotebasTan, 

mefis karze gamefebul siyalbesTan, moCvenebiTobasTan. 

hamlets Tu misabaZad mama eguleboda, romlisagan memkvidreobiT 

miiRo ara taxtisaTvis brZola, didebisaken swrafva, 

aramed sikeTe, samarTlianoba. borotebisadmi daumorCilebloba, 

avTandils amgvar misabaZ paradigmad Tavisi aRmzrdeli rostevani 

hyavda. rusTaveli rostevans yovelgvari sasikeTo TvisebiT 

amkobs. 

106 

ìyo arabeTs rostevan, mefe RmrTisagan sviani, 

maRali, uxvi, mdabali, laSqar-mravali, ymiani, 

mosamarTle da mowyale, morWmuli, gangebiani, 

TviT meomari uebro, kvla moubari wyliani~. 

(rusTaveli 1951, str. 32) 

`gangebiani~ brZens niSnavs. TavisTavad aq CamoTvlili Tvisebebi 

Seesabameba brZenis bibliur gagebas. solomon brZeni sibrZnis 

bibliur gagebas ase ayalibebs: `maRlidan gardmomavali sibrZne, 

pirvel yovlisa, wmidaa, mere mSvidobiani, lmobieri, nebieri, wyalobiT 

da keTili nayofiT savse, miukerZoebeli da uTvalTmaqco~ 

(sibrZ. 3,17). 

avTandili Tavis anderZSi imis dasamtkiceblad, rom megobris 

dasaxmareblad valdebulia wavides, mTel Tavis sulier Rirsebebs 

amJRavnebs. mis sityvebSi misi zneobrioba, goniereba, sibrZnea 

Caqsovili. 

`kaci brZeni ver gaswiravs moyvaresa moyvarulsa... 

sicrue da orpiroba avnebs xorcsa, merme sulsa~ (289). 

`radgan Tavia sicrue yovlisa ubedobisa, 

me rad gavwiro moyvare, Zma umtkiceso Zmobisa?! 

ara viqm, codna ras margebs filosofosTa brZnobisa, 

miT viswavlebiT, mogveces SerTva zesT mwyobrTa wyobisa~ (790). 

am sityvebidan aSkarad Cans, rom gmiri umwikvlo pirovnebaa. 

rom mas gaazrebuli aqvs adamianis daniSnuleba – mTeli Tavisi 

codna da niWi praqtikulad gaataros cxovrebaSi. amave dros icis, 

rom RmerTi Tu ar daexmara, Tavis ganzraxvas ver moiyvans sisruleSi. 

amitom vidre Tavisi misiis Sesasruleblad gzas gaudge-

odes, loculobs. surs ganiwmindos. rusTvelologiaSi avTandilis 

locva mravalmniSvnelovnadaa warmoCenili. avTandilis sulier 

srulyofilebaSi locvas didi wvlili miuZRvis. am locvaSi 

gamosWvivis `pirovnebis sifaqize da sisadave, sulieri siZliere da 

uSualo gancdebi, RmerTisadmi rwmena da uzenaesisaken swrafva... 

locva adamianis rwmenis gamoxatulebaa, xolo rwmena is Zalaa, is 

mtkice faria, romelic adamianis suls faravs satanisagan... Rmer- 

TTan SeerTebis gzaze sami ZiriTadi etapia gasavleli: sinanuli, 

ganwmenda da sabolood srulyofilebis miRweva... locva moapovebinebs 

adamians srulyofilebas, ris miRwevac mxolod RmerTTan 

mimsgavsebiT SeiZleba. adamianis gonebas WvretiTi locviT uaxlovdeba 

RmerTs. cdilobs umaRlesi WeSmaritebisaken warmarTos 

Tavisi locva da ganRmrTobas miaRwios~ (sulava 1999: 201-205). 

locvis Zala kargad aqvs gaazrebuli hamlets. igi klavdius 

martomyofs rom waawydeba, mokvlas daupirebs, magram roca 

xedavs borotmoqmedi loculobs, ukan ixevs. princi Rrmad aris 

darwmunebuli, rom misi suli am dros ganwmendilia. 

`movklav da zecas ava igi. amiTi viTom 

mere javrs viyri? mofiqrebaa saWiro. 

mama momikla avazakma da me ki, nacvlad, 

mis mkvidri Svili zecas vgzavni imav avazaks. 

es xom jildoa, sad aris aq Suris-Zieba!~ 

(Seqspiri 1954, III; 3, gv. 149). 

rogorc hamlets udidesi misia akisria _ `droTa kavSiris 

Sekvra~ anu borotebis mospoba, ise avTandili gangebis mier 

STagonebul misias asrulebs. àvTandili locvas udidesi mniSvnelobis 

mqone saqmis aRsrulebis win warmoTqvams, im saqmisa, 

romelic RvTis gangebiT xvda da romelic moapovebinebs sulier 

sisrules, miaaxlovebs uzenaess~ (sulava 1999: 205). 

avTandilis mier tarielis Semweoba uSvelebeli amocanaa. 

mas gaazrebuli aqvs, rom tarieli diadi saqmeebis Sesasruleblad 

aris mowodebuli. am SemTxvevaSi, avTandili `mwemsis~ simboloSi 

gamovlenil qristes baZavs. mas yvela monacemi aqvs sxvas daexmaros. 

magram esmis, rom kacobriv CarCoebSi amis miRweva ioli ar 

iqneba. imisaTvis, raTa Semweoba gauwio iseT adamians, romelic am 

qveynad movlenilia borotebasTan sabrZolvelad, Tavisi qveynis 

gasaaxleblad, silamazisa da sibrZnis gasaTavisufleblad, ris 

matarebelic simbolurad nestan-darejania, RmerTis dauxmareblad 

SeuZlebelia. 

avTandilze zemoT naTqvams davumateb Semdegs: `Tu romelime 

personaJze SeiZleba iTqvas, rom daxatulia zecisa da miwis So- 

107

iso, esaa avTandili. is, marTlac, samyaros centria. TiTqosda, 

igi miwiers zecamde amaRlebs, zeciur Zalebs ki amqveynad ixmobs. 

es ukve RvTaebrivi niSania, amitomac is rusTavelisTvis mzea, mze 

ki RvTis xatia. esaa adamianis renesansuli gaRmerTeba~ (siraZe 

1982: 200). 

hamletis mamis Sedarebas merkurTan, swored aseTi azrobrivi 

datvirTva akisria. merkuri aris RmerTi, romelic casa da 

dedamiwas Soris imyofeba. rac imas, niSnavs, rom daniis yofil 

mefes igive niSnebi axasiaTebs. 

avTandili rom Tavis mizans didi pasuxismgeblobiT ekideba, 

es Cans misive sityvebidan. igi RmerTs sTxovs survilis daTmobas. 

e. i. raime survilma xeli rom ar SeuSalos dasaxul mizanSi. amave 

dros eSinia dabrkolebebi rom ver gadalaxos. 

108 

`RmerTo, RmerTo mowyaleo, arvin mivis Sengan kide, 

Sengan viTxov Sewevnasa, razomsaca gzasa vvlide: 

mterTa Zleva, zRvaTa Relva, RamiT mavne ganmaride! 

TuRa davrCe, gmsaxurebde, Senda msxverplsa Sevswirvide~ (811). 

naTela Citauri naSromSi `viqtor nozaZe `vefxistyaosnis~ 

`kacia-adamianis~ Sesaxeb~ gvamcnobs viqtor nozaZis Tvalsazriss 

adamianis srulyofilebaze. `cnobilia, gveubneba viqtor nozaZe, 

rom bibliis Tanaxmad kaci aris xorci da gacxovelebuli suli, 

gonieri. Zala. adami iyo `sruli kaci~, codvis gamo mas sisrule 

moaklda. amis Semdeg RvTis SewevniT adamiani iswrafvis kvlav 

sisrulisaken (ìyveniT Tquen srul, viTarca mama Tqueni zeciTa 

srul ars~)... qristianulSi ganRmrToba RmerTamde kacis 

amaRlebaa~. 

viqtor nozaZis msjelobidan gamomdinare, rusTavelTan 

`sruli kaci~-s swored qristianuli gagebaa gamokveTili. ganRmr- 

Toba... ar niSnavs imas, rom Seicvalos kacis buneba, aramed 

unda amaRldes es buneba. ganRmrTobiT kaci isev kacad, miwier 

arsebad rCeba, oRond kaci, romelic miiswrafis am sisrulisaken, 

ganRmrTobisaken, aris `sruli kaci~. 

viqtor nozaZe gveubneba, rom poemaSi `srul kacad~ iwodeba 

mxolod avTandili. es aris fizikurad Semkuli, qveli, megobrisaTvis 

Tavdadebuli, madlcxebuli da a. S.~ (Citauri 2005-2006: 287). 

naTela Citauri eTanxmeba viqtor nozaZes da Tavisi mxridan 

moyavs argumentebi, rom `sruli kaci~ poemaSi mxolod avTandilia. 

am sakiTxze Cven qvemoT gavCerdebiT, axla erTi mniSvnelovani 

momenti gvainteresebs, romelzedac naTela Citauri amaxvilebs 

Tavis yuradRebas. narkvevSi vkiTxulobT: `viqtor nozaZem

yuradReba miaqcia Semdeg epizods. xataelni tariels Ralats umzadeben. 

erTma xataelma tariels acnoba amis Sesaxeb... xataelma 

tarielis mamis sikeTe gaixsena. viqtor nozaZe gveubneba, rom aq 

zneobis sakiTxi orsaxovnad ikveTeba: 1. samagiero keTilisaTvis 

keTilad da 2. Ralati Tavisi mefis winaSe. 

viqtor nozaZe gveubneba, rom am epizodiT gamokveTilia erTerTi 

ZiriTadi saTqmeli, rom sikeTe maradiuli faseulobaa... rac 

Seexeba imas, rom xataelis saqcieli, SesaZloa, sakuTari xalxis da 

mefis Ralatad CaiTvalos, amaze viqtor nozaZe msjelobas aRar 

agrZelebs~. 

jer erTi, viqtor nozaZem garkveviT Tqva Tavisi saTqmeli. 

mas miaCnia, rom xataelis saqcieli, erTi mxriv, sikeTis gadaxdaa 

da, meore mxriv, Ralatia. is axsna, rasac mkvlevari umatebs zedmetad 

mimaCnia. arc is mgonia samarTlianad, rom aq yuradReba 

gavamaxviloT im faqtze, rom man tarieli imitom gadaarCina xifaTs, 

rom misi mamisgan iyo davalebuli. es mxolod sababia. xataeli 

TviTon gvevlineba maRal zneobriv pirovnebad. igi samar- 

Tlianobis mxareze dgeba. moRalated ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos, Tu 

miukerZoebel mosamarTlis TvaliT Sexedav am faqts. me vfiqrob, 

rusTaveli xazs usvams ara mxolod sikeTes, aramed obieqturobas, 

samarTlianobas. garda amisa, rusTavels ufro Rrma mizani 

amoZravebs. es epizodi mas sWirdeba ara ucnobi xataelis sadideblad, 

aramed tarielis xasiaTis erTi metad mniSvnelovani Tvisebis 

gamosavlenad. es aris gmiris Rirseba. tarielma roca Seityo, 

mteri mis jars Setyuebas da amoxocvas upirebda, aseTma mzakvrobam 

is sabrZolvelad aamxedra. gadawyvita Rirseuli pasuxi gaeca 

mtrisaTvis. misi rwmeniT, `gangebaa dResca momklavs, qvemca sada 

davimale?!~ (str. 438). jari Semdegi sityvebiT gaamxneva: 

`vTqvi, Tu `Zmano, isi kacni Cven Ralatsa gvidgebian, 

mklavTa TqvenTa simagreni amisTvismca rad dalbian? 

vinca mokvdes mefeTaTvis, sulni maTni zecas rbian, 

aw SevebneT xataelTa, xrmalni cudad ras gvabian?~ 

(rusTaveli 1951, str. 440) 

rusTaveli ase aRwers tarielis mamacobas: 

`Sigan asre gaverive, gnolis jogsa viTa qori, 

kaci kacsa Semovstyorci, cxen,kacisa davdgi gori; 

kaci, Cemgan ganatyorci, brunavs viTa tanajori, 

erTob srulad amovwyvide wina kerZo razmi ori~ (447). 

èrTobilni momexvivnes, mgrZliv Seiqmna omi didi; 

vkri rasaca, ver damidgis, sisxlsa mCqefsa aRmovRvridi, 

109

110 

cxensa kaci gakveTili mandikurad gardavhkidi, 

siTac viyvi, gameqcian, maT Seqmnian Cemi ridi~ (448). 

tarieli aq warmogvidgeba mamac meomrad, Zlierad, romelic 

mowyalea, magram Rirseba Tu Seulaxes, mters sakadriss miuzRavs. 

mzakvrobas ar apatiebs. swams samSoblosTvis vinac Tavs gawiravs, 

`maTni sulni zecas rbian~. rusTaveli udides mniSvnelobas aniWebs 

saxelis moxveWas. 

`ra uarea mamacsa – omSigan piris mxmeWelsa, 

Sedrekil-SeSinebulsa da sikvdilisa meWvelsa! 

kaci Zabani riTa sjobs diacsa qslisa mbeWvelsa? 

sjobs saxelisa moxveWa yovelsa mosaxveWelsa!~ (799). 

`ver daiWiravs sikvdilsa gza viwro, verca kldovani, 

misgan gaswordes yoveli, susti da Zal-gulovani, 

bolod Seyarnes miwaman erTgan moyme da mxcovani, 

sjobs sicocxlesa nazraxsa sikvdili saxelovani!~ (800). 

(rusTaveli 1951) 

rusTavelis mier gamoTqmul renesansul ideebs Rirsebis, 

saxelis moxveWis sakiTxebs, romlebsac xorcs asxamen poemis idealuri 

gmirebi, exmianeba hamletis sityvebi: 

`saxelovani kaci marto dids saqmes ar sdevs, 

igi ubralo saqmisTvisac Tavs gamoidebs, 

Tu Selaxuli aris imis patiosneba~. 

(Seqspiri 1954, IV, 4, gv. 170). 

originalSia `honour~, rac patiosnebasac niSnavs da Rirsebasac. 

mocemul konteqstSi Rirseba ufro Seesatyviseba. hamlets, 

romelsac Selaxuli aqvs Rirseba, fortinbrasis gmiruli brZola 

RirsebisaTvis, saxelis moxveWisaTvis, sakuTar mdgomareobas 

gaaxsenebs da sakuTar Tavs sayvedurobs, ratom ar ibrZvis borotmoqmedebis 

winaaRmdeg. 

ai, ras eubneba mas fortinbrasis jaris erT-erTi monawile: 

`Tu swore ambis gageba gsurT, batono Cemo, - 

rasac Cven vdavobT, friad mcire kunWuli aris, 

igi saxelis mets verafers veravis SesZens~ (IV, 4, gv. 177). 

hamletze did zegavlenas axdens sabrZolvelad mimavali 

fortinZrasis jari. 

`qveynis odenni magaliTni me maqezeben: 

ai Tunda igi gawyobili, Zlieri jari,

Tund mis moTave, axalgazrda, norCi mTavari, 

romels survili RvTaebrivi saxelis povnis 

upirdapipebs uxilavsa da saSiS xifaTs, 

igi ar indobs Tvis arsebas sustsa da mokvdavs, 

da ar aridebs fuye Calis nafasevisTvis 

arc SiSs, arc sikvdils, arc muxTal beds daudgromelsa~. 

(IV,4; gv. 178-179) 

hamlets aRafrTovanebs axalgazrda meomris Tavganwirva im 

miwisTvis, romlisagan araviTar mogebas ver xedavs. gansakuTrebiT 

igi afasebs meomrebis swrafvas saxelis moxveWisaTvis. 

hamlets yvelaferi aqvs sabrZolvelad, `rogorc mizezi, ise 

gulis-Tqma, Zliereba, saSualeba~ da Tavis Tavs sayvedurobs, rom 

mamis mkvlelze Suri ar iZia. 

`xom vxedav, Cemda samarcxvinod, rom am uricxvs jars, 

raRac ocnebis nayofisa – saxelisaTvis, 

sasikvdiloda gauwiravs Tavisi Tavi 

da saflavisken, rogorc sawols, miiswrafeba! 

unda ibrZolos raRac mcire miwis gulisTvis, 

raic maCxubar meomarTa verc ki daitevs 

da ar ikmarebs misTvis mkvdarTa misabareblad! 

am dRidan Cem fiqrs sisxls gamorwyob, an movspob srulad~. 

(Seqspiri 1954, IV, 4; gv. 179). 

hamlets fortinbrasi momavali mefis iseT nimuSad esaxeba, 

romelic Rirseuli meTauri iqneba, Tavisi mamulis damcveli. amitomac 

sikvdilis win hamleti mas asaxelebs daniis mefed. 

fortinbras tragediaSi kidev sxva funqcia akisria. igia hamletis 

brZolis gamgrZelebeli. borotebasTan brZola hamletis 

sikvdiliT ar dasrulebula. is usasrulod gagrZeldeba. 

fortinbrass rom aseTi didi azrobrivi datvirva akisria, 

es kargad ganWvrita didma reJisorma kote marjaniSvilma. `piesa 

mTavrdeboda ara tragikuli, aramed sicocxlis ganmamtkicebeli 

optimisturi ganwyobiT... gaisma sayvirebis sazeimo xma da scenaze 

Semoiyvanes farze mdgari, moelvare abjarasxmuli, uzado silamazis 

vaJkaci fortinbrasi, cocxali simbolo imedis da sixarulis~ 

(anTaZe 1962: 7). 

fortinbrasis Tavganwiruli brZola RirsebisaTvis, saxelisaTvis 

mogvagonebs tarielis xataelebTan brZolis epizods. 

tarielis xasiaTis irgvliv mravali mcdari azri iyo gamoTqmuli 

presaSi. mecnierebs brZola uxdebodaT simarTlis dasadgenad. 

erT-erT naSromSi vkiTxlobT: àvTandili ara hgavs 

111

usTavelis zogierT mkvlevars, romelic tariels warmogvidgens 

paTologiur pirovnebad, an ugono adamianad. igi mixvda, rom 

amaRlebuls da diadi siyvarulis uZlevel grZnobas – mijnuris 

ukvalod dakargvis safuZvelze – individuumSi gamouwvevia sulieri 

depresia~ (benaSvili 1954). 

amasve adasturebs sxva mecnieris mtkiceba: àr aris swori 

mravaljer gamoTqmuli azri, TiTqos sxvebTan SedarebiT tarieli 

dabla idges Tavisi bunebrivi inteleqtualuri unariT... eTikuri 

TvalsazrisiTac igi arafriT gansxvavdeba Tavisi megobrisagan. 

misi zneobrivi warmodgenebi siyvarulze, megobrobaze da gmirobaze 

iseTi wmindaa da amaRlebuli, rogorc sxvebis~ (nadiraZe 

1958: 240-241). 

zviad gamsaxurdia tariels goliaTad warmogvisaxavs. igi 

sakralur arsebad miaCnia. misi mtkicebiT, rusTaveli rom acxadebs 

Cemi mizania tarielis Sewevnao, eg imis niSania, rom tariels 

marad cocxal pirovnebad Tvlis, romelsac borot ZalebTan br- 

Zola jer ara aqvs dasrulebuli. `warmoudgeneli iqneboda poets 

`sulTa lxena~, e. i. sulis xsna, codvaTagan ganwmenda Tavis sam 

gmirTan daekavSirebina, Tu isini Cveulebrivi adamianebi iyvnen 

misTvis. prologSi naTlad aris naTqvami, rom mxolod xorcTa 

dawva ki ar aris sakmarisi sulTa lxenisaTvis, aramed `samTa fer- 

Ta~ leqsad qebaa saWiro amisaTvis. 

112 

`miajeT vin, xorcTa dawva kma ars misTvis sulTa lxena? 

samTa ferTa saqebelTa hlamis, leqsTa unda vlena~. 

vin arian es `samni ferni~? es aris sameba uwinares yovlisa, sami 

`feri~ anu piri, hipostasi, saxe (`feriscvaleba~ _ `saxiscvaleba~) 

da samebis anarekli, samsaxovani wm. giorgi, romelic poemis sam 

gmirSia ganpirobebuli~ (gamsaxurdia 1991: 185). 

Tu ratom esaxeboda mkvlevars tarielis saxeSi wmida giorgi, 

amas Semdegi mizezebiT xsnis: `qarTvelebisaTvis wm. giorgi simboloa 

mebrZoli qristianobisa, simbolo Tavad RvTisa, Zalismier, 

mebrZol aspeqtSi, borotebis damTrgunvel aspeqtSi... borotebis 

Savbnel ZalebTan brZolaSi saxe TeTr taiWze amxedrebuli Subosani 

wminda raindisa~ (gamsaxurdia 1991: 172). 

mkvlevari wm. giorgis elementebs xedavs samive gmirSi. ès 

sami saxe unda ukavSirdebodes mzes~ (gamsaxurdia 1991: 188). 

mkvlevari xazs usvams qristianobis mebrZol suls. zviad 

gamsaxurdiasTvis miuRebelia iseTi Tvalsazrisi, TiTqos `saxareba 

qadagebs pasiuorbas, borotebisadmi winaaRmdegobis gauwevlobas... 

iviwyeben, rom saxareba ganasxvavebs orgvar borotebas:

pirovnulsa da zogads... rac Seexeba borotebas... qristianobis 

fuZemdeblis mTeli cxovreba masTan brZolaa sityviT da saqmiT 

da misi jvarcmac Sedegia am brZolisa. igi pirovnuli magaliTiT 

uCvenebs Tavis mowafeebs amgvari brZolis aucileblobas... qristianobis 

swored es mxarea wamoweuli wm. giorgis kultSi~ (gamsaxurdia 

1991: 173). zviad gamsaxurdiam yuradReba gaamaxvila im 

faqtze, rom rusTaveli tariels gamoCenisTanave `samyarosTan~ 

akavSirebs. 

ùcxosa da sakvirvelsa ymasa rasme gardvekide, 

misman Suqman gananaTla samyaro da xmelTa kide~ (107). 

tarielis sakralur xasiaTs gamsaxurdia avTandilTan Sedarebis 

safuZvelze askvnis. `gavixsenoT rogor mimarTaven urTierTs 

tarieli da avTandili pirvelive Sexvedris dros. 

tarieli _ àw vaSad moxvel, meama naxva Senisa pirisa! 

tanad saro da pirad mze, mamacad msgavsi gmirisa, 

garjilxar, magra ara xar gardauxdeli Wirisa, 

Znelia povna kacisa RmrTiv zeciT ganawirisa~ (296). 

am mimarTvaSi araferia sakraluri... `pirad mze~, `tanad saro~ 

SeiZleba vixmaroT yoveli Rirseuli raindis daxasiaTebisas. 

àvTandil uTxra: viT maqeb saqebi brZenTa enisa, 

magisad nacvlad ramc viyav Rirsi qebisa Tqvenisa! 

saxe xar mzisa erTisa, zeciT mnaTisa zenisa, 

radgan ver Segcvlis pativi egzomTa cremlTa denisa~ (197). 

aq avTandili filosofiuri eniT metyvelebs da pirdapir eubneba 

tariels, rom igi aris logosi, anu saxe èrTisa mzisa~ anu 

èrTisa~ (RvTisa). 

aRsaniSnavia mkvlevaris miTiTeba fridonis sityvebze. fridoni 

ase mimarTavs tariels `SenTvis asre momsurdebis, wyarosaTvis 

viT iremi~ (165). es metaforac bibliidan iRebs saTaves. biblia- 

Si iremi alegoriulad RvTis maZiebeli sulia, wyaro ki RmerTi~ 

(gamsaxurdia 1991: 205). 

mkvevaris azriT, tarieli krebiTi saxea. àmitomac aris, rom 

sxvadasxva mkvlevari sxvadasxva dros naxulobda masSi antikuri 

RmerTebis da gmirebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel elementebs~ (gamsaxurdia 

1991: 205-206). gavixsenoT hamletis mamis ganRmrTobili 

saxe, romelic aRWurvili iyo antikuri RmerTebis TvisebebiT. 

zviad gamsaxurdia asabuTebs, rom saRvTo werilisaTvis 

ZiriTadia misi alegoriuli mniSvneloba. mkvlevari gvamcnobs, 

rom saRvTo werilis stili mTlianad paraboluria, vinaidan 

113

igi sakralur saidumloebebs gadmoscems. `pnevmaturi, sulieri 

mniSv-nelobis wvdoma ZaluZs mxolod imas, visac xelewifeba 

gageba bibliuri igavebisa da alegoriebisa. origene amgvari interpretaciis 

Sesaxeb gveubneba: `vin aris imdenad ugunuri, rom 

warmoidginos, TiTqos RmerTma... gaaSena baRnari edemSi, aRmosavleTiT, 

darga xe cxovrebisa, xiluli da grZnobadi da vinc SeWamda 

am xis nayofs fizikuri kbilebiT, ganiaxlebda cxovrebas... vgoneb 

naTelia, rom aq xatovanad aris miniSnebuli zogierT saidumloebaze, 

romelic grZnobadad rodi xdeboda~... axali aRTqma, saxareba, 

mTlianad agebulia igavur anu alegoriuli metyvelebis 

principebze, `siZisa~ da `sZlis~, agerTve `qorwinebis~ alegoriul 

mniSvnelobas centraluri adgili uWiravs macxovris qadagebaSi. 

`siZe~ macxovars aRniSnavs, `sZali~ _ eklesias, zeciur iuresalims, 

`qorwili~ RvTaebasTan ziarebas~ (gamsaxurdia 1991: 58-59). 

mecnierul literaturaSi didi xania `vefxistyaosnis~ metaforuli 

gaazrebis kvleva warmoebs. didi yuradR2eba eTmoba simboloebis 

amocnobas, faruli azrebis gaxsnas, bibliuri igavuri 

metyvelebis sworad gagebas. 

mariam karbelaSvili SeniSnavs, rom `vexfistyaosnis~, rogorc 

saxe-simbolos gaazrebisaTvis, bibliuri konteqstis ugulebelyofa 

miutevebeli Secdoma iqneboda, radgan mTeli poema 

datvirTulia Sesabamisi aluziebiT... Cemis azriT, aseT `farul~ 

bibliur aluzias Seicavs rusTavelis poemis saTauri 

`vefxistyaosani~. bibliur interpretaciaTa Tanaxmad, samoseli 

sulier simbolod iTvleba da adamianis sulier mdgomareobas 

asaxavs... tyavis `kaba~ codvili adamianis samoselia, rac bibliuri 

simboluri gaazrebiT qristes pirvelsaxea, romelmac kacobrioba 

Tavisi siwmindiT Semosa~ (karbelaSvili 1996). 

mkvlevari tarielis samosTan dakavSirebiT dasZens: àmave 

simbolikiT tyavis samoseli adamianis bunebis gaorebis niSania. 

erTis mxriv, igi niSania adamianis codviT dacemis, xolo meore 

mxriv ki – sulieri aRdgomis, dakarguli sisavsis mopovebis 

imedisa~. 

rezo siraZis axsniT, `vefxistyaosani~ niSnavs ùbeduri 

tarieli~. ase hqvia poemas... ùbeduri tarieli~ bednieri xdeba qajebze 

gamarjvebiT, nestanis ganTavisuflebiT... aq xorcieldeba 

qristianuli adamianTmcodneobis principi `bedniereba tanjvis 

gziT~ (siraZe 2005-2006: 337). 

miuxedavad imisa, rom tarieli wm. giorgis alegoriad aris 

miCneuli poemaSi Tavisi gmiruli TvisebebiT da borotebasTan sabrZolvelad 

aris mowodebuli, Secdomas mainc uSvebs, romelsac 

114

tragikuli ambebi moyveba. amis mizezi is gaxlavT, rom ganRmrTobili 

pirovneba adamianad rCeba Tavisi bunebiT. adamiani ki Secdomebisagan 

dazRveuli ar aris. `rusTaveli ar erideba gmirebis 

naklis Cvenebas... did pirovnebebs didi naklic SeiZleba hqondes... 

TviT idealuri gmirebi tarieli da avTandili absoluturad srulyofilni 

rodi arian~ (siraZe 1982: 211). 

tarielSi darRveuli harmoniis aRdgena rusTvelologiaSi 

axsnilia simbolikiT. `vefxistyaosnobis arsi sworad ver aixsneba, 

Tu zogadad samoslis simbolika ar gaviTvaliswineT. samoslis 

metaforuloba, Rrma simbolika, alegoriuloba, enigmuroba, aluzia 

motivirebulia bibliur-evangeruli swavlebiT, umdidresi 

saRvTismetyvelo literaturiT~ (sulava 2004: 226): samoslis simbolika 

imaSi gamoixateba, rom paralelia gavlebuli adam da evas 

azris momcvel samosTan. èrTi mxriv, RmerTma adamsa da evas naTlis 

samoslis nacvlad mkvdari, usulo nivTiT Tu sagniT SemosviT 

mianiWa mokvdavoba... meore mxriv, isini tyavis samosliT sinanulis 

saswavleblad Semosa~. nestan sulava aRniSnavs, rom gamoTqma 

`qristeSemosiloba~ da `vefxis tyaviT mosili~ ar SeiZleba 

gavaigivoT, radganac `RmerTSemosili~ wmindanis sulieri arsis 

gamomxatveli epiTetia... masSi adamianis ganRmrTobis urTulesi 

procesis Sedegia asaxuli... `vefxis tyaviT mosili~ urTulesi 

gzaa adamianis sulieri ganwmendisa, igi erTi im safexurTagania, 

romelic qvabSi yofnis da gandgomilobis darad, aucilebelia ka- 

TarzisisaTvis, romlis Sedegadaa SesaZlebeli `RmerTSemosiloba~, 

`qristeSemosiloba~ (sulava 2004: 228). 

rogorc am amonaweridan vigebT, `vefxis tyaviT mosilma~ 

urTulesi gza unda gaiaros, vidre is `RmerTSemosilobas~, qristeSemosilobas~ 

miaRwevs. swored es gza gaiara tarilma gamoqvabulSi, 

vidre man sulieri ganwmenda da sibrZne moipova. `gamoqvabuli 

da udabno gamocdis adgilia... sulieri gardasaxvis adgilia, 

saidanac unda daiwyos RvTaebrivi sikeTis wvdoma... tarielma 

mRvimeTi moipova RmerTis, samyaros da TviTSegrZnebis WeSmariti 

codna da sibrZne~ (sulava 2004: 23). 

sabolood SegviZlia davaskvnaT, RmerTis Secnobis mravali 

xerxidan erT-erTia sulieri zeaRsvlis simboloSi gamovlenili 

ufali. qristes gzaze mavali adamiani simboloSi gamovlenil 

RmerTs baZavs. sxvadasxva safexurs gaivlis. TandaTan sulierad 

iwmindeba, maRldeba, madliT ivseba da srulyofilebas aRwevs. anu 

RmrTis mibaZviT xdeba misi ganRrmToba. am Tvalsazrisidan gamomdinare 

erTmaneTs SevadareT `hamletisa~ da `vefxistyaosnis~ 

gmirebi. maT Soris didi msgavseba davinaxeT. marTalia, Cven Tvali 

115

ver mivadevneT maT TandaTanobiT sulier amaRlebas sxvadasxva 

simboloSi gamovlenil uflis mibaZvis meSveobiT, radganac orive 

nawarmoebis idealuri gmirebi: hamleti, hamletis mama – yofili 

mefe, horacio, avTandili, tarieli ukve srulyofilni arian, 

rodesac Cven maT vecnobiT, magram zogierT simboloSi gamovlenil 

ufalTan msgavsebas mainc amJRavneben. magaliTad simbolo 

`mwyemsis~ rolSia hamleti, rodesac is cdilobs deda daayenos 

sulierebis gzaze da qristianul zneobas aziaros, codvebisagan 

ganwmindos. aseve avTandili simbolo `mwyemss~ emsgavseba, roca 

is tarielis saSvelad midis. marTalia, mas zneobrivad amaRlebaSi 

daxmareba ar sWirdeba, magram maRali Rirsebebis mqone megobars 

exmareba depresiis daZlevaSi, ris drosac is RvTaebriv sibrZnes 

amJRavnebs. horacio emsgavseba simbolo `lods~ Tavisi simtkiciT, 

sulierad Zlieria imdenad, rom eSmakis cdunebebi mas verafers 

daaklebs. hamletis mama, RmerTTan miaxlovebuli pirovneba sanimuSoa 

yvelasaTvis yvelaferSi. tarieli sulieri Zalebis aRdgenis 

Semdeg borotebasTan brZoliT RmerTs emsgavseba. masSi 

cocxlobs wm. giorgis mebrZoli suli. sami goliaTis brZola qajebis 

winaaRmdeg aRiqmeba simbolurad sibrZnis, silamazis da siyvarulis 

gamoxsna boroti Zalebisagan. 

116 

damowmebani: 

anTaZe 1962: anTaZe d. kote marjaniSvilis muSaoba `hamletze~. mnaTobi, # 7, 1962. 

asuri 2002: wmida efrem asuri. sicruvisaTvis. wmida mamaTa swavlani. moskovis 

wmida giorgis qarTuli eklesia, 2002. 

basili 2002a: wmida basili didi. wmida mamaTa swavlani. moskovis wmida giorgis 

qarTuli eklesia, 2002. 

basili 2002b: wmida basili didi. Txzulebani. Tb.: saqarTvelos sapatriarqos 


benaSvili 1954: benaSvili d. saxisa da xasiaTis problema `vefxistyaosanSi~. Tb.: 

1954. 

gamsaxurdia 1991: gamsaxurdia z. `vefxistyaosnis~ saxismetyveleba. Tb.: 

`mecniereba~, 1991. 

gugunava 2005: gugunava l. gangebis gageba `hamletsa~ da `rusTvelologiaSi~. 

literaturuli Ziebani, XXVI, Tb.: 2005. 

karbelaSvili 1996: karbelaSvili m. `vefxistyaosani~ rogorc metafora. gaz. 

`mamuli~, oqtomberi, 1996. 

kuWuxiZe 2006: kuWuxiZe g. iovane sabanisZis `wmida habo tfilelis martviloba~ 

(teqstologiuri da RvTismetyveluri analizi). filologiis mecnierebaTa 

doqtoris samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili disertaciis 

avtoreferati. Tb.: 2006. 

nadiraZe 1958: nadiraZe g. rusTavelis esTetika. Tb.: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1958. 

rusTaveli 1951: rusTaveli S. `vefxistyaosani~. al. baramiZis, k. kekeliZis da a. 

SaniZis redaqciiT. Tb.: saxelgami, 1951.

siraZe 2005-2006: siraZe r. vefxistyaosani da vefxistyaosnoba. rusTvelologia. 

IV. Tb.: 2005-2006. 

siraZe 1982: siraZe r. saxismetyveleba. Tb.: 1982. 

sulava 1999: sulava n. locva avTandilisa. literaturuli Ziebani. XX. Tb.: 1999. 

sulava 2004: sulava n. gamoqvabulisa da udabnos mxatvruli funqcia 

`vefxistyaosanSi~. literaturuli Ziebani, XXV, Tb.: 2004. 

Seqspiri 1954: Seqspiri u. tragediebi. II. inglisuridan Targmna ivane maCabelma. 

redaqtori givi gaCeCilaZe. Tb.: `sabWoTa mwerali~, 1954. 

Seqspiri 1978: Shakespeare. Hamlet. Edited by Nigel Alexander. Senior in English University of 

Nottinghaa. Macmillan Education. 1978. 

Citauri 2005-2006: Citauri n. viqtor nozaZe, `vefxistyaosnis~ `kacia adamianis?!~ 

Sesaxeb. rusTvelologia. IV, Tb.: 2005-2006. 

Lia Gugunava 

Some momente of spiritual raise in “Hamlet” and “Vepkhistkaosani” 

Summary 

There are several ways to cognize the God. One of them is by the way of spiritual 

raise. When the God displays in symbols, a man must imitate the Lord in his symbols. 

If we compare the heroes of “Hamlet” and “Vepkhistkaosani” to each other, we 

shall see that there is great likeness in this point of view. Hamlet’s father, former king, 

is at a high stage of spiritual raise. He is like the God. Symbolically it is notised that he 

is close to Sun, Christ. In him there are the features of antique Gods. Hamlet himself is 

divine perfect. 

Avtandil is distingwished with his high ideas. He hates falsehood, doublefacedness, 

insecurity. His ideas are expressed in his will. In prayer he shows his belief 

to God. In him is noticed the signs of spiritual raise. He imitates the God in the symbol 

of “shepherd”. He is able to help the others. 

Tariel is a hero, selfless fighter for the interests of the kingdom. In Tariel is seen 

saint George, as the fighter againgt the evils. Tariel is godlike person. His sin is expiated 

in the cave. By the Symbolic of clothes and the cave is explained his catharsis. God 

lifted him up and helped him to fulfil his mission. 

117


118 

miviwyebuli warsulis saidumlo. II 

(vefxistyaosani da filasteri) 

winamdebare gamokvleva aris gagrZeleba Cemi naSromisa, 

romelmac sruliad axali faqti gamoavlina rogorc rusTvelologiuri 

mecnierebisaTvis (vefxistyaosani evropul, araqarTul 

arealze pirvelad gamoCnda ara ruseTSi XIX saukunis dasawyisidan, 

rogorc aqamde gvegona, aramed inglisSi XVII saukunis dasawyisidan); 

aseve inglisuri literaturaTmcodneebisTvis (uiliam Seqspiris 

Tanamedrove Zalze popularuli dramaturgebis fransis 

bomontisa da jon fletCeris erTi umniSvnelovanesi piesis mefe da 

ara mefis aqamde ucnobi siuJeturi wyaro aris vefxistyaosani). 

Cemi migneba emyareboda Semdeg argumentebs: 

1. 

bomontisa da fletCeris piesis moqmedeba iberiis anu 

saqarTvelos samefo karze xdeba. es iberia rom aSkarad saqarTveloa 

da ara pirineis naxevarkunZulis iberia, iqidanac Cans, rom 

piesis mixedviT iberiis mefe amarcxebs misi mezobeli qveynis 

somxeTis mefes mohyavs igi iberiis samefo karze, sadac iSleba 

Semdgomi moqmedeba. moTxrobil ambavs araviTari saerTo ara aqvs 

arc saistorio wyaroebis iberiasTan, arc ingliseli mwerlebis 

Tanadroul anu XVII saukunis dasawyisis saqarTvelos ambebTan. 

amave dros miCneulia, rom am piesis siuJeti Tanaxmad bomontisa 

da fletCeris SemoqmedebiTi stilisa, raRac literaturul qargas 

unda eyrdnobodes. 

2. inglisuri piesis mefe da ara mefis Seyvarebuli wyvilis 

romantikuli intrigis fabuluri qargis sayrdeni faqtebi anu 

karkasi vefxistyaosniseuli indoeTis Seyvarebuli wyvilis _ 

nestanisa da tarielis ambavs emTxveva: orive TxzulebaSi uSvilo 

mefis da dedoflis mier memkvidred samefo karis uaxloesi didebulis 

axladSobili vaJis Svilad ayvana; mogvianebiT qaliSvilis 

SeZena; qal-vaJis mier erTmaneTis Tavdaviwyebamde Seyvareba. dramatuli 

Tavgadasavlebis Semdeg maTi SeuRleba da samefos memkvidreobis 

problemis amgvarad gadawyveta. 

3. 

am ori ambis fabuluri qargis sayrdeni faqtebis Tanxved- 

ris paralelurad msgavsebani siuJetis ganviTarebis arsebiT 

detalebSic Cans: dedoflis daorsuleba ufliswulis Svilad 

ayvanidan xuTi wlis Semdeg; qal-vaJis bavSvobaSive gancalkeveba; 

wlebis Semdeg pirveli naxvisTanave Seyvarebuli ufliswuli

vaJis uecari siyvaruliT dabneda, anu gonebis dakargva; sasiZod 

moyvanili mezobeli qveynis axalgazrda mefis Tu ufliswulis 

CamoSoreba da sxva. 

4. mefe da ara mefis miniSneba siuJetis wyaroze piesis moqmedebis 

iberiaSi lokalizebiT ar mTavrdeba. inglisuri Txzulebis 

Seyvarebuli wyvilis princesas, romlis prototipi, Cemi mtkicebiT, 

vefxistyaosnis nestania, saxelad panTea hqvia. Panther inglisurad 

panteras niSnavs, rac vefxistyaosnis vefxis pirdapiri 

da zusti Targmania. nestanis, (romlis saxe-simbolo rusTvelis 

poemis mixedviT vefxia) Tavgadasavlis STagonebiT moazrebul 

personaJs _ Seyvarebul princesas, ingliselma mwerlebma nestanisave 

saxe-simbolos _ vefxis, anu panteras saxeli daarqves. 

gamokvleva qarTul-inglisuri literaturuli urTierTobebis 

am unikaluri faqtis Taobaze me imTaviTve erTi meToduri 

wanamZRvris fonze gamovaqveyne. rac imaSi mdgomareobda, rom am 

mignebas sakiTxis mxolod dasmad miviCnevdi da misi Semdgomi dasabuTebisTvis 

muSaobis gagrZelebas vgegmavdi. 

Cemi Semdgomi muSaoba am mimarTulebiT upiratesad mimdinareobda 

am inglisuri piesis Sesaxeb arsebuli umdidresi literaturul-kritikuli 

memkvidreobis Sesaswavlad. am memkvidreobis 

Seqmna XVII saukuneSive daiwyo da dRemde grZeldeba. am mizniT 

vmuSaobdi inglisis did samecniero centrebSi _ britaneTis biblioTekaSi 

(londoni) bodleis biblioTekaSi (oqsfordi) da Seqspiris 

arqivsa da biblioTekaSi (eivonis straTfordi). 

Tavdapirvelad im faqtze minda gavamaxvilo yuradReba, rom 

inglisuri literaturaTmcodneoba ukanasknel dromde ucnobad 

miiCnevs mefe da ara mefis siuJetis ZiriTad wyaros. miTiTebulia 

piesis calkeuli situaciebis TviT Soreul da miaxloebiT 

paralelebze (magaliTad, piesiseuli princisa da princesas siyvarulis 

paralelad antikuri wyaroebiT cnobil dedinacvlisa da 

ufliswulis siyvarulze da amave dros xazgasmiTaa dadasturebuli, 

rom piesis qargis uSualo wyaro miugnebelia (`… no single source 

for the plot has been discovered…~ _ F filkelpirli 1990: 168). 

isev Cemi kvlevis meTodikaze: mefe da ara mefis siuJeturi 

qargis vefxistyaosnidan momdinareobis mtkicebis kvlevas me viwyeb 

ara Cemi uSualo dakvirvebiT inglisuri piesis mxatvrul 

stilsa da Taviseburebebze, aramed inglisur literaturul kritikaSi 

am Txzulebis saukunovani kvlevis Sedegad gamovlenili 

faqtebis da specifikis analiziT da am specifikis vefxistyaosanTan 

mimarTebis SesaZleblobis interpretirebiT. mizezi kvlevis 

amgvari meTodis SerCevisa Semdegia: ramdenadac me vamtkiceb 

119

mefe da ara mefis siuJetis vefxistyaosanze damokidebulebas, Cem 

Semdgom kvlevaSi subieqtivizmi rom maqsimalurad gamovricxo, 

vamjobineb Tavdapirvelad sakvlevi piesis mxatvruli stilis im 

detalebs davukvirde, romlebic inglisur literaturaTmcodneobaSi 

ukve miCneulia am Txzulebis specifikad. 

didi literaturuli polemika mefe da ara mefis irgvliv inglisur 

literaturaTmcodneobaSi XVII saukuneSive dafiqsirda 

da igi wamowyebulia didi saxelis mqone literaturaTmcodnis 

tomas raimeris mier. raimeri 1678 wels aqveynebs kritikul werils 

bomontis da fletCeris or da Seqspiris erT tragediaze, 

romelTac Tavs esxmis ZiriTadad moraluri poziciidan (`The Tragedies 

of the Last Age Consider’d and Examin’d by the Practice of the Antients, and 

by the Common Sense of All Ages~). maT Soris umTavresia mefe da ara 

mefe. raimeri, romlisTvisac bomontisa da fletCeris piesis princisa 

da princesas siyvaruli miuRebelia, xedavs rom maT qorwinebaSi, 

saxelmwifoebrivi poziciidan, sasaxlis karis intrigis Zalze 

mniSvnelovani da sasargeblo gadawyvetaa. marTlac, taxtis ori 

memkvidris (memkvidre qaliSvilis da memkvidred gazrdili vaJis) 

metoqeobis maTi qorwinebiT gadawyveta Suasaukuneebis monarqiuli 

saxelmwifosTvis rom Zalze mniSvnelovania, amas mtkiceba ar 

sWirdeba. saintereso is aris, rom piesis amgvar specifikur finals 

imTaviTve miaqcia yuradReba inglisurma saliteraturo 

kritikam. Cven ki amjerad imas minda mivaqcioT yuradReba, rom 

samefo taxtis memkvidreobis amgvari gadawyveta vefxistyaosnis, 

mefe da ara mefis siuJeturi wyaros, saxelmwifoebrivi politikis 

ZiriTadi qveteqstia. da es qveteqsti ise aSkara da arsebiTia 

rusTvelis poemaSi, rom qarTveli xalxis saistorio mexsiereba 

vefxistyaosnis am politikur qveteqsts istoriul sinamdviled 

gadaiazrebs da rusTvelis samefo gvaridan warmomavlobasa da 

Tamar mefisadmi siyvarulze legendebs qmnis. 

raimeri pirveli mkvlevaria, romelmac mefe da ara mefis 

mTavari personaJis saocar kontrastulobaze dafiqrdeba. igi 

SeniSnavs, rom arbasesis xasiaTis am specifikaze TviTon piesis avtorebs 

aqvT yuradReba gamaxvilebuli da erTi personaJis, arbasesis 

megobris da sardalis mardoniusis piriT gamoTqmuli: ìgi 

aris pativmoyvare da Tavmdabali, mrisxane da wynari, mxiaruli 

da mowyenili, aRtacebuli da daRvremili, ukiduresobebiT savse 

erTsa da imave dros~ (`mefe da ara mefe~ I.i) _ (bomonti da flet- 

Ceri 1964: 8) . mTavari personaJis xatvis am specifikas yuradRebas 

aqcevs TiTqmis yvela umTavresi mkvlevari, romelic mefe da ara 

mefis xasiaTebs ukvirdeba. arbasesis xasiaTis es Tavisebureba, 

120

meoce saukunis mkvlevaris e. ueiTis dakvirvebiT, am Txzulebas 

ganasxvavebs bomontisa da fletCeris sxva piesebisganac. igi 

SeniSnavs, rom arbasesis xasiaTSi imdeni kontrastulia, ramdenic 

ar aris imave avtorebis sxva Txzulebis (èrTguli mwyemsi qali~) 

erTmaneTis mimarT kontrastul personaJebSi (ueiTi 1969: 19). isic 

SeniSnulia, rom amgvari kontrastuloba ar aris mxolod mTavari 

gmiris xasiaTis specifika, igi sazogadod am nawarmoebis stilia: 

paraleluri da simetrikuli kontrastebi personaJTa xasiaTebSi 

erTmaneTis mimarT. 

mefe da ara mefis am specifikis wyaroc vefxistyaosani SeiZleba 

iyos. yovel SemTxvevaSi faqti isaa, rom kontrastuli Tvisebebis 

erT mTlianobaSi moazreba rusTvelis mxatvruli stilis 

maxasiaTebelia. igi arafragmentulad Cans personaJis rogorc 

portretSi (rostevani iyo `maRali, uxvi, mdabali~ _ 33); aseve 

gmiris emociis xatvaSi: tarielis mier fridonis pirveli xilva 

sigiJemde misuli raindis xilvaa: `moyme amayad yioda,... mterTa 

eqadda, wyreboda, igineboda, Cioda~ (596). oriode sityvis gacvlis 

Semdeg tarieli imave fridonSi xedavs mamasaviT utkbes da unazes 

moymes: `wavediT utkbosni mama-ZeTasa. me gavekvirve Wvretasa mis 

ymisa sinazeTasa~ (600). igive kontrastuli stili Cans rusTvelis 

poemis personaJTa moqmedebaSi: sentimentaluri ganwyobilebiT 

gaTiSuli, TvalTagan cremlmomdinare gmiri wamis uswrafesad 

gamofxizldeba da umowyalod daxocavs mis Sesapyrobad miaxloebul 

Tormet vaJkacs. da sxva mravali. 

personaJis xatvis am rusTveliseul stils Tavisi safuZveli 

Suasaukuneebis mistikur TeologiaSi aqvs. me vgulisxmob uzenaesi 

arsebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi maxasiaTeblebis erTobliobiT 

saxeldebas _ katafatika-apofatikas, romelic rusTvelis 

stilicaa uzenaesze miTiTebisas: `mziani Rame~, ùJamo Jami~ (837) 

da sxva. bomontisa da fletCeris mefe d ara mefeSi mas ara aqvs msoflmxedvelobiTi 

safuZveli. igi mzamzareuli saxiTaa moxmobili 

da emsaxureba situaciebis tragikul-komikur monacvleobas. 

inglisuri literaturis kritikosebs, aocebT ra arbasesis 

xasiaTSi ukiduresi opoziciebis SeerTeba, mis pirvelive Semosvlas 

piesaSi mravalgzisi ganxilvis sagnad aqceven. miuTiTeben, rom 

gamarjvebul iberiis mefes _ arbasess somxeTis damarcxebuli 

mefe tigranesi Semohyavs ukiduresi mokrZalebiT da amave dros 

autaneli qedmaRlobiT (e. ueiTi). sxva mkvlevarsac daafiqrebs 

iberiis mefis aseTi uzomo mowyaleba da pativiscema tyvedmoyvanili 

mefis mimarT da eZebs mowyale mefeebis saxeebs antikur wyaroebSi. 

yuradRebas miapyrobs gadmocemebs qsenofontis `kiro- 

121

pediaSi~ kiros mefis mowyaleobaze (finkelpirli 1990: 172). diax! 

mowyale mefeTa saxeebi antikur saistorio Tu literaturul 

wyaroebSi arc Tu Zalze iSviaTia, magram am SemTxvevaSic me minda 

yuradReba mivaqcio isev mefe da ara mefis mTavari gmiris arbasesis 

prototips _ vefxistyaosnis mTavar gmirs tariels. kerZod, 

msgavsad arbasesis mier damarcxebuli mezobeli mefis samefo 

karze miRebisa, tarielis mier damarcxebuli mezobeli mefis 

miRebas samefo karze. erTma ucxoelma Teologma, mama genadi eikaloviCma, 

roca mas rusTvelis erTi mistikuri cnebis ganmarteba 

sTxoves, es scena gaixsena: saocaria aseTi kacTmoyvareobao, _ 

Tqva, _ damarcxebul mefes samefo karze udidesi pativiscemiT 

da alersiT Rebuloben, Zvirfasad dasaCuqrebuls Tavis qveyanaSi 

abrunebeno (nozaZe 1957: 194). ase rom, am SemTxvevaSic mefe da ara 

mefis am specifikuri scenis uSualo paraleli vefxistyaosanSia. 

mefe da ara mefis mxatvrul struqturaSi mxolod personaJis 

kontrastuli xasiaTi ar aris is specifika, romelic vefxistyaosanze 

migvaniSnebs. umTavresi sakamaTo problema am Txzulebis 

irgvliv misi moraluri samyaroa. rogorc aRvniSneT, pirvelive 

kritikosi _ Tomas raimeri am poziciidan esxmis Tavs piesas da 

saukunovan polemikas wamoiwyebs; am polemikas inglisur literaturaTmcodneobaSi 

mravalnairi gagrZeleba da gadawyveta aqvs*. 

yuradReba minda mivapyro, piesis moraluri poziciis sazogadod 

aRiarebul zogad Sefasebas. igi mkafiodaa gamoTqmuli `mefe da 

ara mefis~ kritikuli teqstis gamomcemlis robert terneris Sesaval 

gamokvlevaSi: `mefe da ara mefis~ moraluri samyaro erTgvarad 

Tavisufalia qristianuli humanizmis standartebisagan 

(bomonti da fletCeri 1964: XXV-XXVI). isev vefxistyaosanze gadavitanoT 

yuradReba da im ucxoel literaturaTmcodneTaTvis, 

romlebic ufro naklebad icnoben rusTvelologiur literaturas, 

minda mivuTiTo, rom rusTvelis poema gamoirCeva Tavisi aradogmaturi 

religiuri poziciiT, bevrad ufro Tavisufali, Tumca 

Rrma religiuri msoflSegrZnebiT, romelic maRalganviTarebuli 

qristianuli Teologiis bazaze yalibdeba, magram ar eteva 

dogmatikiT dakanonebul konfesiur CarCoebSi. 

erT-erTi magram umTavresi Tema, romliTac vefxistyaosani 

Suasaukuneebis normirebul moralSi ver Tavsdeba, siyvarulia. 

vefxistyaosnis amqveyniuri, adamianuri samyaros siyvaruli, ro- 

* is azric kia gamoTqmuli, rom piesa uaRresad maRali zneobrivi poziciis 

STamagonebelia (arsebiTi is ki araa, rom piesis mixedviT Zmas da das erTmaneTi 

SeuyvardaT, aramed is, rom erTmaneTze uzomod Seyvarebuli qal-vaJi zneobrivad 

itanjebian imis gamo, rom erTmaneTi da-Zmad miaCniaT) da am niSniT misi gamoCena 

da popularoba inglisis inteleqtualur wreebSi erTgvarad puritanuli moZraobis 

epoqasTanaa dakavSirebuli. 

122

melic daclilia RvTaebriv siyvarulad mistikuri gadaazrebis 

alegoriuli elementisagan, Tumca Rrma Teologiuri interpretirebiT 

qristianuli moyvasis siyvarulis sakaro siyvarulis 

gziT adamianis Tavisufali emociuri samyaros umaRles da amdenad 

RvTaebriv gamovlinebad gadaazrebaa (xinTibiZe 2005: 14), 

aris uzomod didi, grigaliviT movardnili da RvTaebriobamde 

amamaRlebeli grZnoba. esaa miCneuli vefxistyaosnis siyvarulis 

specifikad msoflio literaturis im mkvlevarTa mier, romelTac 

am literaturis procesSi vefxistyaosanic ganixiles. mefe da ara 

mefis personaJTa mier grZnobis, kerZod siyvarulis, uaRresad 

cocxali SexebiT da amave dros gazviadebulad gamoxatva am 

Txzulebis mxatvruli struqturis kidev erTi specifikaa. 

XVII saukunis inglisuri kriticizmis didi warmomadgeneli 

da amasTanave cnobili dramaturgi jon draideni (1631-1700), 

romelic umalve aumxedrda mefe da ara mefis raimeriseul kritikas, 

pirvelia, vinc mefe da ar mefis personaJTa grZnobis 

demonstrirebis am specifikas SeniSnavs.L draidenis es migneba 

SemdgomSi dazustdeba sxva literaturaTmcodneebis mier. Tanac 

gamovlineba, rom siyvarulis grZnoba bomontisa da fletCeris 

personaJebisa TiTqos ufro didia, usasrulo da myaria, vidre 

TviTon personaJebi (ueiTi 1969: 39; 21). 

kidev erTi specifika, romliTac gamovlindeba mefe da ara 

mefis siyvarulis grZnobis cocxali realuroba, esaa misi ideali 

_ qorwineba. mefe da ara mefis SeyvarebulTa swrafva maTi qorwinebiskenaa 

mimarTuli. amiTac Seexmianeba es piesa mis siuJetur 

prototips _ vefxistyaosans. qorwili, rogorc qal-vaJis siyvarulis 

mizani da ideali, vefxistyaosnis siyvarulis erTi um- 

Tavresi specifikaa, romliTac igi gansxvavdeba rusTvelis epoqis 

ara mxolod RvTaebrivi siyvarulis, aramed aseve amqveyniuri _ 

rogorc aRmosavluri sufizmis, aseve dasavluri kurtuazuli 

siyvarulisagan. 

mefe da ara mefis paralelebi vefxistyaosanTan qal-vaJis 

sasiyvarulo peripetiebSi minda davasrulo kidev erTi detaliT: 

qal-vaJis urTierTobaSi, kerZod gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi, 

qalis iniciativa Cans. igi sasiyvarulo kvanZis ganaskvamde qalis 

momavali satrfosadmi weriliTac gamovlindeba. vefxistyaosanSi 

am werils siuJeturi daniSnuleba aqvs. mefe da ara mefeSi ki igi 

TiTqos ufunqcio komponentia: TiTqos naZaladeviao, TiTqos 

ubralod etiketi Tu mibaZvaao. bomontisa da fletCeris es miba- 

Zva (qalis werili momavali satrfosadmi) vefxistyaosnisadmi 

sxva SemTxvevaSi ufro aSkarad gamoCndeba. magram amis Taobaze _ 

123

ufro qvemoT. 

TavisTavad mibaZva vefxistyaosnis siuJeturi sqemis calkeuli 

komponentebisadmi mefe da ara mefis sasiyvarulo intrigis 

sxva detalebiTac igrZnoba. da es detalebi rom mibaZvaa, imi- 

Tac Cans, rom isini piesis siuJetisTvis ZiriTadad ufunqcioa, 

TiTqos xelovnuradaa moxmobilio. ase, magaliTad: arbasesi mis 

satrfos panTeas cixeSi Caaketvinebs. mkiTxvels Sevaxseneb, rom 

panTeas vefxistyaosniseuli prototipi nestani cixeSia; magram es 

cixe araa damnaSavis sapyrobile: nestani Caketilia cixe-qalaqis 

miuval koSkSi, rom arsad gaiqces, ar daikargos da daaqorwinon 

ufliswulTan, romelic laSqrobidan unda dabrundes. tarielis- 

Tvis igi didi xnis dakargulia. unayofo Zebnis Semdeg tariels 

sruli safuZveli aqvs, rom igi gardacvlilad CaTvalos; rasac 

bunebrivad mohyveba misi meditacia satrfosTan imqveyniuri 

SeerTebis Taobaze, romelic Tavisi msoflmxedvelobiTi datvirTviT 

axali sityvaa siyvarulis gadaazrebaSi Sua saukuneebidan 

renesansamde sivrceSi: (xinTibiZe, 2005, 63-73). 

124 

àqa gayrilni mijnurni munaca SeviyareniT, 

mun erTmanerTi kvla vnaxeT, kvla rame gavixareniT! (883). 

`sayvarelman sayvareli viT ar naxos, viT gawiros! 

miske mival mxiaruli, merme igi Cemke iros, 

mivegebvi, momegebos, amitirdes, amatiros...~ (884). 

mefe da ara mefeSi vefxistyaosnis es siuJeturi epizodi ar 

muSaobs, magram Cans misi ZiriTadi komponentebi. panTea, nestanis 

oreuli, avtorebma cixeSi Seiyvanes; Tumca am aqtis aucilebloba 

piesis siuJetiT araa mkacrad motivirebuli. ufro mniSvnelovani 

arbasesis mier uecari Seyvarebis scenaSi panTeas gardacvlilad 

warmodgenaa. rac imdenad moulodneli da auxsnelia, rom mkvlevarebi 

daJinebiT eZeben mizezs (Tu nimuSs), romlis STagonebiT (Tu 

gavleniT) gaiTamaSes bomontma da fletCerma es `konteqstidan 

amovardnili scena~ (elioti 1917-1932: 135) da rac ufro arsebi- 

Tia, am scenis (gmiris mier satrfos gardacvlilad warmodgenis) 

ganviTareba mefe da ara mefeSi isev vefxistyaosnis kvals gahyveba: 

igi gadaizrdeba gmiris meditaciaSi. ufro metic, arbasesis 

meditaciis filosofiuri konteqstic TiTqos vefxistyaosnis 

tarielis Sesabamisi meditaciis reminiscenciaao: iberiis princic 

amqveynidan imqveynad gadasaxlebaze filosofosobs (III, 1): 

`Cemi da! _ gardaicvala igi?.. 

... igi gardaicvala. 

qalwuli, Tumca Zilze ufro umanko, 

ise naTeli, rogorc misi Tvalebi. da

Mmaradiuli kurTxeva dahyveba Tan, sadac igi aris. 

me vici, mas ar SeeZlo esurva, rom Seecvala 

Tavisi mdgomareoba axliT. da Tqven mnaxavT me, 

rogor vatareb Cems jvrebs, 

kacisa. Cven yvelani unda movkvdeT. 

Dda man gvaswavla, rogor unda sikvdili~. 

es àrtistulad gamogonili triuki~ ki, rogorc inglisurma 

literaturulma kritikam SeniSna, aSkarad inarCunebs èlegantur 

da kontrolirebul hiporbolizebas, romelic Seqspiris leqsSi 

TiTqmis arasodes ar Cans~ ( maizeneri 1940-41: 142). 

amgvarad, irkveva rom, mefe da ara mefis mimarTeba 

vefxistyaosanTan ufro metia, vidre, nawarmoebis fabulis mimarTeba 

garkveul siuJetur wyarosTan, rogorc me amas Tavidan 

vvaraudobdi. (xinTibiZe 2007: 98). mTlianobaSi ki saqme gvaqvs literaturul 

qmnilebasTan, romelsac Seqspiris epoqis dramaturgiaSi 

mniSvnelovani adgili ganekuTvneba. amiT aixsneba, rom tomas 

raimeris Tavdasxmas mefe da ara mefis moralze umalve mohyva 

jon draideniseuli analizi am piesis literaturul xelovnebaze 

Seqspiris da fletCeris Semoqmedebis saerTo konteqstSi (`The 

Grounds of Criticism in Tragedy~, 1679), sadac uyoymanod iTqva, rom maT 

dizainSi saukeTeso swored mefe da ara mefea. draidenmave miakuTvna 

mefe da ara mefe tragediis sawyis, tragizmis donis mixedviT dabal 

jgufs, romlis dasasruli bednieria. jon draidenis Sefaseba 

ar darCa `RaRadebad udabnosa Sina~. XX saukunis literaturulma 

kritikam igi gaixsena. artur mizeneri aqveynebs sagangebo gamokvlevas, 

saTauriT: `mefe da ara mefis maRali dizaini~ da cdilobs 

axsnas is faqti, rom mTeli XVII saukunis manZilze mefe da ara mefe 

uaRresad popularulia da rom misi, rogorc mTlianad bomontisa 

da fletCeris Semoqmedebis, gadafaseba daiwyo XIX saukunidan 

da Cveni TanamedroveobisaTvis isini meoTxexarisxovan mweralTa 

jgufSi aRmoCndnen. gadafasda is stili, romelic tragikomediis 

JanrSi bomontma da fletCerma daamkvidres, romelic imdenad 

popularuli iyo Tavis sawyis etapze, rom TviT Seqspirs aqvs am 

stiliT Tavisi ukanaskneli piesebi dawerili (`zamTris zRapari~, 

`qariSxali~, `cimbelini~). Ees ki aSkara dasturia imisa, rom XVII saukunis 

meore aTeulis dasawyisSi inglisis scenaze imarjvebs axali 

stilis drama _ tragikomedia.* 

* SeqspirologTa Semdgomi Taoba Tavs ikavebs Seqspiris bolo periodis Semoqmedebaze 

bomontisa da fletCeris gavlenis aRiarebisagan, formaluri msgavsebis nacvlad aqcentis 

ideur TavisTavadobaze gadataniT (aniksti 1985: 14). inglisur literaturaTmcodneobaSi 

bomontisa da fletCeris gavlena Seqspirze sagangebo monografiuli Seswavlis 

sagani iyo (Torndaiki 1901). 

125

am stilis saukeTeso nimuSi ki mefe da ara mefea, romlis kav- 

SirSi rusTvelis vefxistyaosanTan _ ukve Znelia, rom eWvi Seitano. 

es garemoeba kidev erTxel da ufro meti simwvaviT wamoWris 

kiTxvas, romelsac me am sakiTxTan pirveli Sexebisas `miviwyebuli 

warsulis saidumlo~ vuwode. saidan, ra gziT, rogor unda scodnodaT 

fransis bomonts Tu jon fletCers vefxistyaosani? es kiTxva 

qarTuli literaturis mcodne TiTqmis yvela inteligents upirveles 

yovlisa imas afiqrebinebs, rusTvels XII saukunis dasasruls 

da inglisel dramaturgebs XVI saukunis dasasruls erTi 

da igive siuJeturi wyaro xom ara aqvT xelTo. marTlac, rusTvelologebi 

dResac sxvadsxvagvarad ganmartaven poetis sityvebs 

_ èse ambavi sparsuli, qarTulad naTargmanebi vpove da leqsad 

gardavTqvio~ (9). miuxedavad imisa, rom am sityvebis pirdapir _ 

fabulis wyaroze miTiTebad gageba mravalgzis iqna mecnierulad 

uaryofili, dResac grZeldeba kamaTi rusTvelis poemis fabulis 

wyaros arsebobis daSvebisa Tu dauSveblobis Taobaze. SeiZleba 

vivaraudoT, rom vefxistyaosansa da mefe da ara mefes saerTo 

siuJeturi wyaro aqvT? ara! Cems mier Catarebuli kvleva-Zieba 

amis daSvebis safuZvels ar gvaZlevs. saqme isaa, rom mefe da ara 

mefe siuJetur mimarTebas amJRavnebs aSkarad da sakuTriv qarTveli 

poetis vefxistyaosanTan: jer erTi, mefe da ara mefis ambavi 

iberiis anu saqarTvelos samefo karze xdeba. amiT avtorebi mianiSneben 

am ambis saqarTvelodan momdinareobaze (an saqarTvelosTan 

raRac kavSirze); razedac miTiTeba vefxistyaosnis savaraudod 

SesaZlebel wyaroSi ukve SeuZlebelia arsebuliyo. meorec, mefe 

da ara mefis princesis saxeli panTea misi vefxistyaosniseuli 

prototipis _ nestanis simbolur saxelze _ vefxze anu panteraze 

miuTiTebs. amiTac ingliseli avtorebi daufaravad mianiSneben 

rusTvelis vefxistyaosanze da ara mis raRac savaraudo Sesa- 

Zlebel siuJetur wyaroze. ufro metic, piradad me iqiTken vixrebi 

(Tumca amis dasabuTebisTvis saTanado dokumentebi ara gvaqvs) 

rom vivaraudo: bomontsa da fletCers qarTuli konsultanti 

hyavT meTqi. maT vefxistyaosnis indoeTis samefo karis Seyvarebuli 

wyvilis tarielisa da nestanis ambavi iberiis (saqarTvelos) 

samefo karis Seyvarebuli wyvilis ambad warmoadgines. amgvarad 

hqondaT gaazrebuli vefxistyaosnis indoeTi Zvel saqarTveloSi. 

XIX da TviT XVIII saukunis wyaroebi mowmoben, rom qarTul sazogadoebas 

vefxistyaosnis siuJeti saqarTvelos ambis alegoriul 

asaxvad miaCnda. 

roca rusTvelis poemis XVII saukunis dasawyisis inglisSi 

SeRwevaze vfiqrobdi, me Sevecade mimeTiTebina im gzaze, romli- 

126

Tac SeiZleboda im periodSi qarTuli mwerloba evropaSi gasuliyo 

da mivuTiTe qarTuli samefo karis kontaqtebze espaneTis 

samefo karTan XV da XVI saukuneebSi (xinTibiZe 2007: 95-98). amjerad 

me vfiqrob, rom am SesaZleblobas SeiZleba daematos ufro SemTxveviTi 

gzebi. kerZod, qarTveli konsultanti, romelic SemTxveviT 

Tu raRac misiiT SeiZleboda aRmoCeniliyo inglisSi. ramdenime 

garemoeba maZlevs me impulss amis daSvebisa: 

rogorc evropuli wyaroebidan Cans, evropel inteleqtual- 

Ta mier ufro adrindeli periodis miTiTebebi qarTuli literaturis 

Tu kulturis faqtebze qarTveli konsultantebis meSveobiT 

xdeba. amaze uSualo miTiTebebia germaneli mecnierebis XVIII 

saukuneSi dastambul wignebSi (J.G. Adler; K. Alter). 

XVI da XVII saukuneebis evropul diplomatebs, mogzaurebs, 

vaWrebs da aRmosavleTiT daintresebul inteleqtualur wreebs 

xSiri da mWidro kontaqti aqvT sparseTisa da osmaleTis samefo 

karebTan, sadac Sahebisa da sulTnebis garemocvaSi ganuwyvetliv 

arsebuli qarTveli qalebis simravle evropelTa yuradRebas 

iqcevs Tavisi ara mxolod silamaziT da niWierebiT, aramed TavianT 

samSobloze ganuwyveteli fiqriTa da wuxiliT. es garemoeba 

mkafiodaa asaxuli XVII-XVIII saukuneebis evropul mxatvrul literaturaSi 

(xinTibiZe 2001: 27). imasac unda mivaqcioT saTanado 

yuradReba, rom yvelaze adrindeli cnobebi, Tumca sakmaod mwiri, 

qarTuli enis, anbanis, Sriftis, sasuliero mwerlobis Sesaxeb evropaSi 

daibeWda erTi germaneli mogzauris mier TurqeTSi 1579 

wels mopovebuli masalis konteqstSi (S. Schweigger). am gziT evropaSi 

Sesuli informacia imsaxurebs yuradRebis miqcevas. 

bomontisa da fletCeris mefe da ara mefis rusTvelis 

vefxistyaosanTan amgvari arsebiTi mimarTebis dadastureba kidev 

erT mniSvnelovan sakiTxs wamoWris mkvlevaris winaSe: Tu bomonti 

da fletCeri rusTvelis vefxistyaosans marTlac ase Rrmad icnoben 

da iyeneben, Tanac maTi Semoqmedebis swored pirveli momwifebis 

etapze, savaraudoa, rom am nawarmoebis kvali gamoCeniliyo ara 

mxolod erT piesaSi, aramed sxva SemTxvevaSic. am mimarTulebiTac 

mimdinareobda Cemi kvleva. Sedegi dadebiTia da kvlav sruliad 

axali inglisuri literaturuli kritikisaTvis. vefxistyaosani 

aris erT-erTi arsebiTi siuJeturi wyaro bomontisa da fletCeris 

kidev erTi piesisa. esaa filasteri. 

daviwyoT imiT, rom filasteri bomontisa da fletCeris mier 

erTad dawerili piesaa, iseve rogorc mefe da ara mefe. piesebi 

Seqmnilia daaxloebiT erTsa da imave dros. mefe da ara mefe licenzirebulia 

scenaze dasadgamad 1611 wels. filasteri ki mkvle- 

127

varTa varaudiT 1608-1610 wlebSia dawerili. isic miCneulia, rom 

es ori piesa, romlebmac yvelaze didi saxeli moutanes bomontsa 

da fletCers da mxolod isini idgmeboda inglisis scenebze saukunis 

bolomde, raRaciT gansxvavdeba sxva piesebisgan (raistini 

1910: 113-114, 179). da es msgavseba da sxvebisgan gansxvaveba ar ganisazRvreba 

mxolod imiT, riTac draidenma gamohyo mefe da ara 

mefe _ tragediis bednierad dasrulebiT. inglisuri tragikomediis 

erTian konteqstSi monografiuli Seswavlis pirvelive 

etapze iqna SeniSnuli, rom swored es ori piesa iyo pirveli nimuSi 

im axali tipis tragikomediisa, romelmac daabruna inglisur 

literaturaSi romantikul-heroikuli Tematika. 

isic SeniSnulia, rom filasterSi Cans Seqspiris (kerZod `hamletis~) 

gavlena, ufro metad, vidre mefe da ara mefeSi, magram misi 

(filasteris) ZiriTadi qargis uSualo wyaro ar Cans da fiqroben, 

rom ambavi unda mimdinareobdes raRac pastoraluri sasiyvarulo 

istoriidan Tu saraindo romanidan (ueiTi 1969: 15). es daskvna ZiriTadad 

motivirebulia filasteris savaraudo saistorio wyaroebis 

SeswavliT. saqme isaa, rom filasterSi gaTamaSebuli sasiyvarulo 

tragikomedia ori mezobeli samefos _ siciliisa da kalabriis 

samefo karis konfliqtis fonzea warmodgenili (msgavsad 

mefe da ara mefis iberiisa da somxeTis saomari dapirispirebisa). 

amitomac mkvlevarebi dabejiTebiT eZeben saistorio Tu sxva 

tipis literaturul wyaroebSi samxreT italiis am or qveyanaSi 

momxdar msgavs ambavs. daskvna kategoriulia: filasterSi aRwerili 

ambebi ar Seesabameba siciliis istoriis romelime situacias; 

nawarmoebi warmoadgens fsevdo-istoriisa da sasiyvarulo ambis 

Tu saraindo romanis kombinirebas. . kombinirebis areali kidev 

ufro farToa: romantikuli da naklebad sarwmuno ambavi moazrebulia 

im samefo karis intrigaSi, romlis xelmwifeTa qceva samar- 

Tlianobis Tu zneobis poziciidan saeWvoa. es ki filasteris da 

mefe da ara mefis fabulis saerTo maxasiaTebelia (ueiTi 1969: 132- 

133). ufro metic, filasterisa da mefe da ara mefis ZiriTadi siu- 

Jeturi qargis saerTo maxasiaTebeli ufro farToa da esec inglisurma 

literaturulma kritikam imTaviTve SeniSna. kerZod: ambavi 

xdeba ucxo qveynebSi da igi melodramuli xasiaTisaa. heroikuli 

suliskveTebis mTavari gmirebi romantikuli Tavgadasavlebis arealSi 

moqmedeben. (raistini 1910: 111). 

yvela es saerTo maxasiaTebeli filastersa da mefe da ara mefes 

akavSirebs maT saerTo siuJetur wyarosTan. esaa vefxistyaosnis 

indoeTis samefo karze gaTamaSebuli fsevdo istoriuli ambavi 

nestanisa da tarielis siyvarulisa. 

128

isic iqna miTiTebuli, rom bomontisa da fletCeris am or 

piesas aqvs principuli saerTo maxasiaTeblebi, romliTac isini 

gamoirCeva tragikuli romanebidan, romlebsac sxva yvelafriT 

mWidrod emsgavsebian, da esaa swored arsebiTi bomontisa da flet- 

Ceris novatorul stilSi: ambis gadatana Soreul garemocvaSi; 

samefo gvareulobis personaJebi; CaxlarTuli qarga; balansireba 

da kontrasti xasiaTebsa da emociebSi; bednieri dasasruli. da 

mainc es ori piesa damoukidebelia da ara erTmaneTis ganmeoreba 

(raistini 1910: 111-112). 

zemoT naTqvami minda gavimeoro da davazusto: inglisur 

literaturul kritikaSi gamovlenili yvela es saerTo maxasiaTebeli 

filasterisa da mefe da ara mefis, da agreTve saerTo ganmasxvavebeli 

am ori piesis mxatvruli stilisa inglisuri tragediis 

saerTo stilidan, genetikurad akavSirebs maT vefxistyaosanTan, 

am ori tragikomediis saerTo siuJetur wyarosTan. vefxistyaosani 

ucxo da Soreuli qveynebis fsevdo-istoriul ambavze moazrebuli 

siuJetis heroikuli romania. mTavari personaJebi samefo 

gvareulobis ierarqiis umaRlesi pirebia. poemis fabula, ZiriTadi 

ambavi rTuli da CaxlarTulia; xasiaTebsa da personaJTa emociebs 

axasiaTebs kontrastuloba da amave dros balansireba. siu- 

Jeti melodramatulia da dasasruli ki bednieri. 

filasterisa da mefe da ara mefis saerTo siuJetur wyarod 

vefxistyaosnis miCneva upirveles yovlisa nestanisa da tarielis 

sasiyvarulo istoriis gacnobiT dasabuTdeba. 

bomontisa da fletCeris mier vefxistyaosnis siuJetidan 

aRebulia da gadamuSavebulia mxolod nestanisa da tarielis Tavgadasavali 

indoeTis samefo karis garemocvaSi: mefe da ara mefeSi 

_ uSvilo mefe-dedoflis mier uaxloesi didebulis axalSobili 

vaJis Svilad ayvana; eqvsiode wlis Semdeg qalis dabadeba; bavSvobidan 

qal-vaJis daSoreba da Semdeg pirveli SexvedrisTanave 

siyvaruliT vaJis dabneda; moqmedeba sasiZod mowveuli mezobeli 

qveynis ufliswulis CamosaSoreblad; bednieri dasasruli _ 

qorwili. filasterSi _ erTi qveynis mefis mier mezobeli samefos 

gauqmeba da SeerTeba; ufliswulisTvis mefobis memkvidreobis 

CamorTmeva da erTaderTi qalisaTvis zedsiZed sxva samefo 

qveynis ufliswulis mowveva; qalis mier samefo memkvidreobas 

CamoSorebuli ufliswulis TavisTan miwveva da maTi siyvarulis 

gacxadeba; zedsiZed mowveuli sasiZos CamoSoreba; taxtis memkvidreobis 

sakiTxis am ori memkvidre qal-vaJis SeuRlebiT gadawyveta 

da bednieri dasasruli _ qorwili. erTsa da meore SemTxvevaSic 

siuJeturi qargis ZiriTadi konturebis msgavsebas Tan erTvis 

129

principuli detalebis damTxvevac, razedac me mefe da ara mefis 

SemTxvevaSi sagangebo gamokvlevaSi vmsjelobdi. amjerad visaubreb 

mxolod filasteris Sesaxeb. 

1. Cems mier Camoyalibebuli debuleba _ filasteris ZiriTadi 

qargis umTavresi wyaro vefxistyaosniseuli tarielis da nestanis 

siyvarulis ambavia _ rogorc zemoT moxmobili Sinaarsobrivi 

detalebidan Cans, emyareba filasteris ambis ZiriTadi siuJeturi 

faqtebis, anu piesis karkasis aSkara mimarTebas vefxistyaosanTan. 

swori aRmoCnda inglisuri literaturis kritikosTa daskvnebi: 

filasterSi moTxrobili siciliisa da kalabriis samefoebis 

dapirispireba fsevdo-istoriaa; am siuJetis wyaro raRac ucnobi 

Suasaukuneobrivi sasiyvarulo Tu saraindo romantikuli ambavia. 

vefxistyaosnis nestanisa da tarielis siyvarulis ambavi swored 

amgvari ambavia. naTqvami rom ufro sarwmuno gaxdes _ mokled 

filasteris ZiriTadi siuJeturi xazis Sesaxeb. 

filasteri siciliis samefos erTaderTi kanonieri memkvidrea. 

misi mama kalabriis mefem Camoagdo taxtidan da samefo Tvi- 

Ton SeierTa. filasteri xalxis didi siyvaruliT da mxardaWeriT 

sargeblobs, amitom igi sapyrobilidan gaaTavisufles. imisTvis, 

rom Tavis erTaderT qaliSvils aretuzas orive samefo daumk-vidros, 

mefem espaneTis ufliswuli faramondi zedsiZed moiwvia da 

cdilobs qaliSvilis masze daqorwinebas da qveynis gaZlierebas. 

aretuza Tavis msaxur qals filasterTan agzavnis da ufliswuls 

TavisTan moiwvevs. am ukanasknels farulad ukve uyvars aretuza. 

qali ufliswuls Tavis uzomo siyvarulSi gamoutydeba. sasaxlis 

karze gaTamaSdeba mravali dramatuli da komikuri scena erTi 

mxriv faramondsa da sasaxlis qalebs da meore mxriv filastersa 

da aretuzas da maTi siyvarulis mesaidumle msaxurs Soris. siyvarulisgan 

gaxelebuli da eWvianobiT dabneuli filasteri ukacriel 

tyeSi gaiWreba. dabolos yvela saintrigo kvanZi gaixsneba. 

espaneTis ufliswuls Tavis qveyanaSi daabruneben, mefe filasteris 

da aretuzas SeuRlebas miesalmeba da memkvidred filasters 

dalocavs. 

filasteris ambis ZiriTadi qargis drouli da sivrculi 

koordinatebis vefxistyaosanTan principuli msgavsebis fonze 

(ori samefos SeerTeba; memkvidreobis problema _ metoqeoba er- 

Tiani samefos mefis erTaderT qaliSvilsa da SemoerTebuli samefos 

kanonierad memkvidre vaJiSvils Soris; samefos memkvidreobis 

problemis gadasawyvetad zedsiZed mowveva sxva qveynis ufliswulis; 

sasiyvarulo istoria memkvidre vaJsa da memkvidre qaliSvils 

Soris; bednieri dasasruli _ maTi SeuRleba) ar SeiZleba 

130

yuradReba ar mieqces erT TvalSisacem sxvaobas: vefxistyaosnis 

mixedviT saridanma Tavisi nebiT SeuerTa Tavisi kuTvnili nawili 

indoeTisa danarCen gaerTianebul indoeTs. filasteris mixedviT 

ki siciliis mefe ukanonod Camoagdes taxtidan da waarTves mefoba. 

es konkretuli sakiTxi me minda vaqcio ufro Teoriul zogad 

problemad tragikomediis JanrSi TiToeuli piesis pirvelwyarosTan 

mimarTebis Taobaze. rogorc wesi, tragikomediis avtori 

Tavis pirvelwyarodan iRebs raRac qargas, an qargis erT monakveTs. 

aRebuli qargis calkeul komponentebs igi Secvlis, gadaasxvaferebs, 

moargebs sakuTari piesis mizandasaxulobas da sakuTar 

Canafiqrs. mimarTeba pirvelwyarosTan ar moiTxovs pasuxismgeblobas 

pirvelwyaros faqtebis met-naklebi sizustiT gadmocemaSi. 

tragikomediis avtori mxolod impulss iRebs pirvelwyarosagan, 

romelic SeiZleba iyos ideuric, magram ufro xSirad 

naratiuli. narativis ganviTareba da gadasxvafereba qmnis swored 

axal nawarmoebs axali mxatvruli da ideuri CanafiqriT. ase rom, 

bomontisa da fletCeris mier erTi samefos mier meores dapyrobiT 

SeerTebaze saubari winaaRmdeg vefxistyaosniseuli SeerTebuli 

samefos mefis piradi iniciativiT moqmedebisa (iseve rogorc, 

bomontisa da fletCeris mier zedsiZed moyvanili ufliswulis 

ukan dabrunebiT CamoSoreba, winaaRmdeg vefxistyaosniseuli 

mkvlelobisa) tragikomediis pirvelwyarosTan damokidebulebis 

sruli kanonzomierebis farglebSi rCeba. samefoebis SeerTebis 

vefxistyaosniseuli varianti rusTvelis msoflmxedvelobiTi 

kredos kanonzomieri komponentia. rusTveli centralizebuli 

monarqiis saxelmwifoebrivi wyobis mqadagebelia; harmoniul, 

tolerantul, adamianis mier adamianis siyvarulze dafuZnebul 

sazogadoebriv yofaze ocnebobs. amgvari ocnebiseuli samyaros 

erTi elementia idealuri persona xelmwife saridanisa. bomontsa 

da fletCers am CanafiqrTan araviTari mimarTeba ara aqvT. maT 

sWirdebaT istorias mimsgavsebuli ambavi, romelSic aris saintereso 

gadawyveta maTi Tanamedrove maRali sazogadoebisaTvis 

saWirboroto sakiTxisa _ memkvidreTa mier mtrobis nacvlad 

erTmaneTis Seyvareba (am Temisadmi interesi maT memkvidreobiT 

miiRes didi winamorbedisagan: Seqspiris `romeo da julieta~). es 

misca maT pirvelwyaros qargam _ vefxistyaosnis tarielisa da 

nestanis siyvarulma. da am RerZze brunavs maTi orive piesa filasteri 

da mefe da ara mefe. 

am SemoqmedebiT Tavisuflebas rom Tvali movuxuWoT, isic ki 

SeiZleba davuSvaT, rom TviT vefxityaosniseuli farsadanisa da 

saridanis damokidebuleba bomontsa da fletCers SeeZloT war- 

131

moedginaT, rogorc erTi samefos mier meores dapyroba. amis faqtobrivi 

dadasturebisaTvis erTi magaliTi kmara. vefxistyaosnis 

erTma Tanamedrove qarTvelma mkvlevarma swored amgvarad gaiazra 

indoeTis gaerTianebis vefxistyaosniseuli ambavi: `Tu momxdara, 

rom visme odesme STamomavlobiT mefoba sakuTari nebiT 

gaecvalos sxva mefis samsaxurze?~ saridans `samefo Caabarebines~, 

albaT misi survilis winaaRmdego (kiknaZe 2001: 6-7). 

SeiZleba davaskvnaT: filasteris siuJeturi karkasi vefxistyaosnis 

indoeTis samefo karis ambidan modis. 

2. filasterSi vefxistyaosnis siyvarulis istoriis qargas 

erTgvarad vefxistyaosnis siyvarulis maxasiaTebeli niSnebic 

moaqvs: 

a) rusTvelologiur literaturaSi mravalgzisaa yuradReba 

gamaxvilebuli imaze, rom nestanisa da tarielis siyvaruli 

usasrulod hiperbolizirebulia, TiTqos ufro didia, vidre 

sicocxle da a. S. es saocari grandiozuloba, grZnobis sigiJemde 

miyvana vefxistyaosnidan gadasulia rogorc mefe da ara mefeSi 

aseve filasterSi. inglisuri literaturis kritikosebs SeniSnuli 

aqvT am ori piesis siyvarulis es Taviseburi specifikac. 

b) nestanisa da tarielis siyvaruli erTgvarad gadajaWvu- 

lia taxtis memkvidreobis survilsa Tu misken swrafvasTan. am debulebis 

samtkiceblad vrceli Sinaarsobrivi eqskursi rom ar vake- 

ToT, kmara nestanis tarielisadmi mimarTuli sityvebis damowmeba: 

`me da Sen visxdeT xelmwifed, sjobs yovlsa siZe-sZlobasa~(540). 

igive SeiniSneba filasterSic da sakmaod kategoriuladac. 

davukvirdeT aretuzas mier filasterisadmi Tavis siyvarulis 

gacxadebis scenas (I.2): 

132 

àretuza: filaster, icode, me unda vflobde am samefoebs. 

filasteri: qalbatono, orives? 

……. 

. . . . . . . . . . . 

aretuza: kidev icode, me unda vflobde maT da unda gflobde 

Senc. 

filasteri: da mec? 

aretuza: Sens siyvaruls; romlis gareSec yvela qveyana, rac 

dRemde ukve aRmoCenilia, CemTvis arafers ar niSnavs 

garda imisa, rom SeiZleba davimarxo masSi. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . 

aretuza: Seni siyvaruliT ki, es yvelaferi Zalian cota iqneba, 

rom mogiZRvna Sen. ai, Tu ginda momkla Seni sunTqviT, 

risi SemZlebelic Sen xar, me gagixseni Cemi guli~.

g) vefxistyaosnis Seyvarebul wyvilSi siyvarulis gacxadeba, 

da Tanac zemoT gaanalizebuli konteqstiT, qalisgan modis. igive 

xdeba filasterSic. qalis iniciativa siyvarulis SemboWavi sabelis 

gawyvetaSi mefe da ara mefeSic SeiniSneba. 

d) vefxistyaosnis Seyvarebuli, siyvarulSi imedgacruebuli 

Tu unugeSod darCenili, ukacriel tye-RreSi eZebs navsayudels. 

es aRmosavluri epikis da lirikis specifikaa da vefxistyaosnis- 

Tvis kanonzomieria. igive xdeba filasterSi. siyvaruliT SeboWili 

da eWviT dabrmavebuli filasteri uRran tyes Seaferebs Tavs. 

aseve iqceva misi msaxuri, masze Seyvarebuli evfrazia (igive belario). 

e) nestanisa da tarielis siyvarulis qargas vefxistyaosnidan 

filasterSi sasiyvarulo intrigis gabmis specifikuri detalebic 

gadmohyveba. esaa, upirveles yovlisa, qalis werilebi 

satrfosadmi, rac vefxistyaosniseuli nestanisa da tarielis 

siyvarulis istoriis specifikuri stilia. misi kvali mefe da ara 

mefeSic SeiniSneba, magram filasterSi ufro mkveTradaa gamoxatuli 

vefxistyaosanTan msgavseba. 

nestanisa da tarielis sasiyvarulo urTierToba nestanis 

davalebiT gagzavnili msaxuri qalis _ asmaTis meSveobiT iwyeba. 

imisTvis rom nestanis saidumlo sasaxleSi ar gaxmaurdes, asmaTi 

TiTqosda sayvarlad eaxleba tariels. es motivi (asmaTis fsevdo 

sayvarloba) rusTvelis poemaSi mravali kuTxiTaa interpretirebuli. 

aretuzac Tavis momaval satrfosTan sasiyvarulo istoriis 

wamowyebas Tavisi msaxuri qalis gagzavniT iwyebs. am scenis SeTxzvisas 

inglisel dramaturgTa mier vefxistyaosnis Sesatyvisi 

scenis reminiscencia TiTqos aSkaraa. Aaretuza daeWvdeba: msaxurma 

qalma filasters Tavi xom ar Seayvarao; sagangebod CaekiTxeba 

filasteridan ukan dabrunebul msaxur qals: Cemi danabarebi 

pranWviT xom ar gadaeci da Tavi xom ar moawoneo (I, 2). 

vfiqrob sakmarisia. minda gavimeoro ZiriTadi daskvnebi: 

bomontisa da fletCeris tragikomediis filasteris siuJeturi 

qargis ZiriTadi wyaro rusTvelis vefxistyaosnis nestanisa 

da tarielis siyvarulis ambavia. es ukanaskneli Sevsebulia 

calkeuli siuJeturi da emociuri situaciebiT da simboluri 

maxasiaTeblebiT sxvadasxva avtorebidan (romelTagan gamovlenilia: 

montemaioris dianas a. pereziseuli gagrZeleba, Seqspiris 

romantikuli piesebi da f. sidneis arkadia) (gari 2003: XXXV). 

vefxistyaosnis igive ambavi aris uSualo siuJeturi wyaro bomontisa 

da fletCeris imave periodSi (1608-1611 wlebSi) Seqmnili meore 

tragikomediisac mefe da ara mefe. filasteri da mefe da ara 

133

mefe bomontisa da fletCeris yvelaze popularuli piesebia, romlebsac 

inglisuri literaturuli kritika inglisuri tragikomediis 

dramatuli stilis CamoyalibebaSi ZiriTad Txzulebebad 

miiCnevs. 

* * * 

sakiTxis kvlevis momavali perspeqtivis TvalsazrisiT ramdenime 

meToduri xasiaTis SeniSvna minda Camovayalibo. 

gamovlena imisa, rom vefxistyaosani esoden aqtiuradaa 

CarTuli XVII saukunis dasawyisis inglisis literaturul cxovrebaSi 

(imis fonze, rac aqamde iyo miCneuliL- vefxistyaosani qarTul 

samyaros mxolod XIX saukuneSi gascda), axal perspeqtivas Slis 

momavali rusTvelologiuri kvlevebis winaSe: 

saWiroa rusTvelis Semoqmedebis Seswavla gviandeli Suasaukuneebis 

da renesansis epoqebis literaturul-filosofiuri da 

sazogadoebrivi azris ganviTarebis procesSi rogorc aRmosavluri 

da dasavluri kulturuli urTierTobis arealSi, aseve sakuTriv 

evropuli inteleqtualuri cxovrebis peripetiebSi da ara 

mxolod tipologiuri TvalsazrisiT, aramed SesaZlebeli uSualo 

kontaqtebis mimarTulebiTac. vefxistyaosnis esoden moulodneli 

gamoCena renesansuli evropis sazogadoebriv-literaturuli 

cxovrebis centrSi araa aucilebeli, rom iyo sruliad 

SemTxveviTi da sruliad izolirebuli movlena. am mimarTulebiT 

didi da xangrZlivi kvleva-Ziebaa saWiro. 

araa moulodneli, rom bomontisa da fletCeris SemoqmedebiTi 

biblioTekidan vefxistyaosani raime formiT gamosuliyo 

da damoukidebladac gavrcelebuliyo evropis literaturul 

wreebSi, anda TviT bomontisa da fletCeris SemoqmedebiT laboratoriaSi 

ukve damoukideblad, evropul inteleqtualTa Soris 

raRac formiT arsebul Tu moarul vefxistyaosnis ambavs mieRwia 

da ara vefxistyaosnis qarTvel komentators, rac me ufro 

dasaSvebad CavTavale. amgvar eWvs CemSi is badebs, rom Cems mier 

gamovlenili faqtebi adasturebs bomontisa da fletCeris mier 

vefxistyaosnis arsebiTad mxolod erTi (Tumca umTavresi) istoriis 

_ nestanisa da tarielis siyvarulis istoriis gamoyenebas 

da ar Cans aSkara mimarTeba poemis sxva monakveTebTan. 

Cemi es ukanaskneli gancxadebac Semdgom Seswavlas saWiroebs: 

aris ki filasteri da mefe da ara mefe mxolod is ori nawarmoebi 

bomontisa da fletCerisa, romlebSic vefxistyaosnis kvali Cans. 

TavisTavad is gardatexa, romelic am orma Txzulebam moaxdina 

bomontisa da fletCeris tragikomediis SemoqmedebiT stilSi 

134

da romelzedac ingliseli literaturaTmcodneebi kategoriulad 

miuTiTeben, xom ar avlens raime mimarTebas vefxistyaosnis 

mxatvrul sistemasTan? 

kidev erTxel unda gavimeoro, rom bomonti da fletCeri TavianTi 

SemoqmedebiT XVII saukunis inglisuri literaturis upopularesi 

dramaturgebi arian. isini uSualo memkvidreebi arian renesansis 

epoqis dasasrulis didi inglisuri mwerlobisa (uiliam 

Seqspiri, ben jonsoni...). isini aZleven axal SemoqmedebiT impulss 

mTeli XVII saukunis inglisur (da aqedan evropul) dramaturgias. 

xom ara gvaqvs sababi rusTvelis vefxistyaosnis kavSirebi, da ara 

mxolod tipologiuri, veZioT evropuli civilizaciis mTel am 

farTo arealSic? 

damowmebani: 

aniksti 1985: Аникст А. Бомонт и Флетчер: Франсис Бомонт и Джон Флетчер, Пьесы. 

М.: 1985. 

bomonti da fletCeri 1964: Beaumont and Fletcher, A King and No King. Edited by 

Robert K. Turner, London: 1964. 

gari 2003: Gurr A. Introduction: F. Beaumont and J. Fletcher, Philaster or, Love Lies Ableeding. 

Edited by Andrew Gurr. Manchester and New York: 2003. 

elioti 1917-1932: Eliot T. S. Selected essays, 1917-1932. 

Torndaiki 1901: Thorndike A.H. The Influence of Beaumont and Fletcher on Shakespeare, 

Worcester, Mass., 1901. 

kiknaZe 2001: kiknaZe, z. avTandilis anderZi. Tb.: 2001. 

maizeneri 1940-41: Mizener A. The High Design of A King and No King.: `Modern Philology~, 

v. 38, 1940-41, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. 

nozaZe 1957: nozaZe v. vefxistyaosnis mzis metyveleba. santiago de Cile: 

1957. 

raistini 1910: Ristine F.H. English Tragicomedy. Its Origin and History, The Columbia 

University Press, 1910. 

ueiTi 1969: Waith E. The Pattern of Tragicomedy in Beaumont and Fletcher. Àrchon Books~, 

1969. 

finkelpirli 1990: Finkelpearl P.J. Court and Country Politics in the Plays of Beaumont and 

Fletcher, Princeton Univ. Press, Oxford 1990. 

xinTibiZe 2001: Khintibidze E. Georgian Literature in European Scholarship, Amsterdam: 

2001. 

xinTibiZe 2005: xinTibiZe e. vefxistyaosnis siyvaruli. Tb.: 2005. 

xinTibiZe 2007: xinTibiZe e. vefxistyaosnis uZvelesi kvali evropul 

literaturaSi. `qarTvelologi~, № #14, 2007. 

135

Elguja Khintibidze 

136 

Mystery of the Forgotten Past. II 

Rustaveli’s The Man in the Panther’s Skin and Francis Beaumont and John 

Fletcher’s Philaster 

(Summary) 

This paper is a direct continuation of my study, in which an entirely new fact 

is brought to light in Rustaveli Studies, namely that The Man in the Panther’s Skin 

first appeared in the European literary arena not early in the 19 th century in Russia, as 

was believed earlier, but in England in the early 17 th century; furthermore, the MPS 

served as the hitherto unknown subject source of A King and No King, a major play by 

Shakespeare’s contemporaries Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher. 

Confirmation of such an essential relationship of Beaumont and Fletcher’s A 

King and No King and Rustaveli’s MPS will raise one more important question for 

the researcher to tackle: if Beaumont and Fletcher were so well familiar with and used 

Rustaveli’s MPS – at the early stage of their maturity, at that – it is conceivable for a 

trace of this work to appear not only in one play but in some other as well. I directed my 

research along this line too. The result proved positive, and quite new to English literary 

criticism. The MPS served as an important source for one more play of Beaumont and 

Fletcher, namely Philaster. 

The main source of the plot of Beaumont and Fletcher’s tragicomedy Philaster 

is the love story of Nestan and Tariel of the MPS. The same story of the MPS is a 

direct subject source of Beaumont and Fletcher’s tragicomedy A King and No King, 

written in the same period (1608-1611). Philaster and A King and No King are the most 

popular plays of Beaumont and Fletcher, considered by English literary criticism to be 

the principal works in the establishment of the dramatic style of English tragicomedy.


miTologiuri Ziebani 

Wis siRrme – gza kaTarzisisa 

miTosur-folkloruli samyaros kvlevisas yuradRebas ipyrobs 

erTi saintereso sakiTxi, romelic ukavSirdeba miwis siRrmis, 

Wis simbolur mniSvnelobas. Wa gaazrebulia rogorc gza 

TviTSemecnebisa, sulieri ganRmrTobisa. igi garkveulwilad 

ukavSirdeba miwisqveSeTs, miRmur samyaros, romelic odiTgan ara 

mxolod xTonur arsebaTa samyofelad da ganZTa sacavad aRiqmeboda. 

igi mniSvnelovani iyo imiTac, rom WaSi CaSvebuli adamiani 

ganicdida kaTarziss, gaivlida gzas sulieri ganwmendisas, ris 

Semdegac fizikur-sulierad srulqmnili eziareboda WeSmaritebas, 

Seicnobda umaRles faseulobebs da am gziT aRwevda mizans. 

qarTul sasuliero mwerlobaSi Wa analogiuri mniSvnelobiT 

gaiazreba. samagaliTod Rirsi mama Sio mRvimelisa da misi sulieri 

Zmis-Rirsi evagres cxovrebaTa Seswavlac kmara, romlebmac TavianTi 

moRvaweoba swored WaSi ganasrules. mamani `qristes mosavni 

quabsa Sina mciresa~ dayudebulni “SromiTa didiTa~ aRasrulebdnen 

dReTa cxovrebisas, magram sicocxlis miwuruls wminda mamam, 

uTuod sulieri ganwmendisa da TviTCaRrmavebisaTvis, ineba 

`STasvla mRvimesa Sina~,`romel Semzada sayofelad da saflavad 

missa~. mRvimedxmobili Wa iyo mama evagres samyofelica da ukanaskneli 

gansasvenebelic. sayuradReboa isic, rom ebraulad 

Sio qvesknels, jojoxeTs, saflavs niSnavs (koWlamazaSvili 1997). 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saxelma erTgvarad winaswar gansazRvra misi 

moRvaweoba. 

mkvlevari e.koWlamazaSvili varaudobs: 1. SesaZloa mama 

Sios SemTxveviT ar SeurCevia samoRvaweod mRvime. mSobelTagan 

Serqmeuli saxeli RvTis gangebad CaTvala da `samonazvno moRvaweobis 

saxe sakuTar saxels Seusabama e.i. qvesknelis saxelis 

mqone monazoni realuradac `meqveskneled~ `memRvimed“ iqca. 2. 

SesaZloa mas sxva saxeli hqonoda, magram rodesac `memRvimed~, 

`meqveskneled~ iqca, misi samoRvaweo adgilis saxeli (`Sio-mRvime~ 

anu qvesknelSi Camavali mRvime) zedwodebad Serqmeoda. 

ras unda niSnavdes `qvesknelSi Camavali mRvime?~, SeuZlebelia 

es iyos mxolod gamoqvabuli, romelsac, Cvenda uneburad, 

miwis zeviT, horizontalur WrilSi warmovidgenT, qvesknel- 

137

Suasknelis damakavSirebeli mRvime Waa, vertikaluri WriliT, 

romelic adamianis sulieri gamocdis adgilad moiazreba. 

gamoqvabuli, mRvime, dafaruli sulierebis adgilia, sadac 

xdeba ganwmenda, ganRmrToba, rac ganmartoebas, ganvlili cxovrebis 

miukerZoebel gaanalizeba-Sefasebas da am gziT WeSmaritebasTan 

miaxlebas gulisxmobs, ris safuZvelzec SesaZlebeli xdeba 

momavlis Wvreta (swored es iyo uflis gansakuTrebuli madli, 

romelic rCeulebs mieboZebodaT). arc is unda iyos SemTxveviTi, 

rom pirvelqristianebi swored gamoqvabulebSi, miwisqveSeTis mRvimeebsa 

da labirinTebSi aRasrulebdnen RvTismsaxurebas. `mRvimis 

saxe hqonda Tavdapirvel taZrebs. kopturi, siriuli, mcire 

aziis teritoriaze mdebare da sxva qveynebis taZarTa interieri 

mRvimis saxisa iyo~ (sulava 2004: 220) gandegilebic mRvime-gamoqvabulebSi 

iyvnen ganmartovebulni. sailustraciod gavixsenoT 

xanZTeli beri xuediosi, romelic `zecis angelozad~ iyo saxeldebuli 

mometebuli sulieri siwmindisa da msaxurebis mZime tvirTis 

Rirseulad zidvis gamo. analogiurad cxovrobdnen Rirsi mamebi: 

daviT garejeli, ise wilkneli, ioane zedazneli, Sio mRvimeli da 

mravali sxva. 

rene genons, gamoqvabuli, miwisqveSeTSi arsebuli mRvime, 

amobrunebul mTad miaCnia. misi azriT, Wis fskerze cxovreba da 

mTis mwvervalze asvla simbolurad identuria da orive SemTxvevaSi 

swored iq xdeba RvTivganbrZnoba. es is dafaruli saunje 

unda iyos, romelsac `gilgameSis eposSi~ ixseniebdnen: 

138 

`romelman siRrme ixila xmeleTis kidegan, 

romelman yovelni Seicno,STaibeWda, 

idumalebani vinc srulad ganWvrita,sibrZnis 

mflobelma, yovlis mecnaurma, 

saunjes miagno, gaxsna dafaruli~. 

swored man, vinc damsaxurebulad daimkvidra sibrZnis mflobelis 

saxeli, miagno miwis siRrmeSi dacul saunjes da amiT uxilavi 

ganZi xeldasxmulTaTvis xiluli gaxada. es ganZi sakraluria da 

SeuZlebelia mxolod materialur faseulobas gulisxmobdes. igi 

mxolod rCeulTaTvis gankuTvnili sibrZnea, risi SeZenac, genoniseuli 

TvalsazrisiT, miwaze mcxovrebi adamianisagan mTis mwvervalze 

asvlasTan an miwisqveSeTSi (siRrmis aRqmis TvalsazrisiT) 

CaSvebasTan aris asocirebuli. am SemTxvevaSi cxaddeba dafaruli, 

Tumc qveskneliseuli sibrZne mainc gansakuTrebulia. `mTa xilulia 

garedan... gamoqvabuli, piriqiT, Tavisi arsiT, dafaruli da 

Caketili adgilia...~ (genoni 1987). Sesabamisad, mTis mwvervalze

sibrZne ufro gaxsnilia, sayovelTao da xelmisawvdomi, gamoqvabulisa 

ki ufro mistiuri da ZneladSesacnobi (sulava 2004: 220). 

adamiani Tavisi nebiT dgeba arCevanis winaSe. mas SeuZlia, 

ar eziaros miwisqveSeTs, maSin misTvis miuwvdomeli iqneba `queyanaSi~ 

daunjebuli sibrZne da ver mieaxleba RmerTs àdamianis 

upirvelesi mizani ki RmerTTan ziarebaa, risTvisac wmindanebi 

gansxvavebul gzas irCeven... isini sxeulsa da suls erTdroulad 

wvrTnian da amzadeben RmerTTan Sesaxvedrad. amisTvis aucilebelia 

xorcis daTrgunva, im xorciel vnebaTa aRkveTa, romlebic 

kmayofilebis grZnobas hbadeben~ (sulava 2000: 98). gza,sulieri 

sidiadis mosapoveblad,xorcieli vnebebis daTrgunvis Semdeg 

Cndeba. mRvimeebsa da WaSi ganmartoebuli wminda mamebi swored am 

naTelTan misaaxleblad iRvwodnen. 

analogiuri mniSvnelobiT gaiazreba Wa qarTul Ffolklor- 

Sic. is swored rom miRma samyarosTan damakavSirebeli saSualebaa. 

RvTisSvilebi da gamorCeuli vaJkacebi am gziT xvdebian `queyana- 

Si~, sadac miwis pirze mcxovrebi adamianebisaTvis sulieri sazrdos 

momcemi yanaa, magram im samyaros naxva advili araa. amisTvis 

saWiroa miwieri (fizikuri) sxeulisgan gaTavisufleba da gzis sulierad 

gagrZeleba, rac TavisTavad `gardacvalebas~ gulisxmobs 

da swored `gardacvlilni~ (saxecvlilni) aRwevdnen mizans. amas 

advilad axerxebdnen RvTisSvilebi, maTi daxmarebiT rCeuli zekacebi 

da isakuTreben sakralur saunjes. 

qarTuli eposi am gzas vertikalur WrilSi ganixilavs. Wis 

siRrmidan autaneli mxurvaleba amodis, radgan sulTa saufloSi 

yovelmxriv ganwmendilni Cadian, cecxlis ali ki ganmwmendi geniaa. 

adamianis fizikuri sxeuli iwvis da amgvarad `gardacvlili~ (saxecvlili) 

eziareba `mun~ samyaros, Tan gamoicdeba, radgan susti 

nebisyofis adamiani ver axerxebs dabrkolebis gadalaxvas, WeSmariti 

gmiri ki megobrebs ubarebs, rac metad gamiWirdeba da daviyvireb 

`viwvi~, ufro qveviT CamiSviTo. swored amgvarad aRwevs igi 

daniSnulebis adgils, sadac didi sibrZne, didi goni, kacTaTvis 

miuwvdomeli da uTuod mxolod xeldasxmulTaTvis gankuTvnili 

ganZi elis. mxolod gandobilebs hqondaT Secnobili am faseulobis 

WeSmariti Rirebuleba (`Sav-Teimurazi, mze-Teimurazi, mTvare-Teimurazi~; 

ìam ra uTxra vards~; `broweulis zRapari~). 

sagulisxmoa, rom Tu gmirma ar ganasrula wvrTnis procesi, 

mopovebul ganZs ver inarCunebs. cru megobrebis mcdelobiT igi 

kidev ufro Rrma ufskrulSi aRmoCndeba, saWiro xdeba kidev erTi 

siRrme `sibrZnis saxilvelad~, kidev erTi gamocda srulyofilebisken 

mimaval gzaze, rac mas imedgacruebasac agrZnobinebs,F Wir- 

139

Si TanagrZnobis unarsac SesZens, umweoTa uangaro qomagic xdeba 

da es yovelive fizikuri tkiviliT bolovdeba. cnobilia, rom misi 

Semwe faskunjis bolo lukma gmiris kunTis nawilia. mxolod maSin, 

roca is sxvisTvis sakuTaris gaRebas iswavlis, wvrTnis procesi 

dasruldeba da mizanic miRweuli iqneba.N 

igive SeiZleba iTqvas dasavlur sagmiro-saraindo TxzulebaTa 

personaJebze. RvTaebrivi WeSmaritebis Secnobis umoklesi 

gza swored miwis siRrmeSi gaWril Waze gadis. 

irlandiuri sagebis gmiri kuxulaindi sworupovari meomaria, 

magram misi srulyofilebis dasturi mainc skataxSi (miwisqve- 

SeTSi) Casvlaa, rac rCeulTa Soris gamorCeulis saxels daumkvidrebs. 

skataxis cixe-simagremde man unda gaiaros: xifaTis veli, 

faTerakTa dablobi, SemaZrwunebeli simaRlis qedi da Cavardnis 

xidi, ”romlis gadavlac ZaluZdaT mxolod maT, visac didi da gmiruli 

saqmeebi CaudeniaT amqveynad” (irlandiuri sagebi 1971: 59). 

amdenad imas, rasac miwisqveSeTSi SeiZens, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba 

eqneba. samxedro xelovnebaSi gawvrTnili gmiri sulierebas 

eziareba, rac zneobrivad daxvews da sibrZniT srulyofs mas. 

SeiZleba gavixsenoT valter fon eSenbaxis parcifali, romelmac 

Rirseulad gaiara raindis ekliani gza, magram iqamde ver moipova 

graalis mcvelis pativi, sanam mis sulSi zneobrivi gmiri ar iSva. 

skataxis samyofeli erTgvar mRvimes, gamoqvabuls warmoadgens. 

igi SemosazRvruli, Caketili sivrcea, romelsac miwis pirTan 

viwro da Znelad savali, vertikaluri, Wis msgavsi gza akavSirebs. 

adamianebi xSirad mizanmimarTulad (herakle, Tezevsi, iazoni, 

kuxulaindi, odisevsi, gaxua megrelauri...), xSirad ki SemTxveviT 

(qarTuli zRaprebis gmiri-raindebi) aRmoCndebian miwisqveSeTSi 

(gansakuTrebiT mis e.w.meore siRrmeSi) da amqveyniuri, amorfuli, 

uwesrigo garemodan TiTqos mSvid, mowesrigebul qveyanaSi xvdebian, 

sadac cxovreba, erTi SexedviT, uxifaTo da mdorea, Tumc 

sul male aRmoCndeba, rom es simSvidec moCvenebiTia. gmiri xvdeba 

maT, visac zevidan (maTTvis zecidan) movlenili gmiris daxmareba 

sWirdeba da moulodnelad es TiTqos mowesrigebuli garemo qaoturi 

da amorfuli xdeba. 

amdenad, Wa simbolurad gaiazreba rogorc erTgvari gza, 

romlis gavla ara marto fizikuri SesaZleblobebis maqsimalurad 

gamovlenis saSualebaa, aramed igi gulisxmobs sulier plansac 

da amave dros es gza mowesrigebuli samyarodan Tavis daRwevis 

saukeTeso saSualebaa. 

mSvidi da uzrunveli cxovreba arasodes yofila raindis 

TviTmizani. is mudam faTerakis ZiebaSia. brZola, gamarjveba da 

140

ara miRweuliT tkboba da umoqmedoba. amis Sesaxeb sainteresod 

msjelobs kretien de truas erT-erTi poemis gmiri, romelic 

sayvarel qalze daqorwinebul megobars axali Tavgadasavlebisken 

mouwodebs: 

`gancxromiT yofna, batono, gavnebT, 

Tqven rainduli cxovreba gixmobT, 

gamoeTxoveT Tanamecxedres, 

unda eZebdeT Tqven Tavgadasavlebs. 

asparezobebs da Serkinebebs, 

sicocxlis riskiT unda eltvodeT, 

gmiris Rirsebas mxolod is icavs, 

vinc saxelisTvis Tamamad riskavs~. 

(iveini-raindi lomiT) 

`vefxistyaosanSi” msgavsi gansawmendelis funqcias devTa 

ormocsenakiani gamoqvabuli da qajeTis mTavari koSkisken mimavali 

viwro gvirabi asrulebs, rCeuli `xasi~ moymeebiT saTanadod 

gamagrebuli, romelTac, rogorc fridoni amtkicebs: àTas wel 

versiT SeuvalT, Tu zed dagvixSan karia~ da romlebic, nestanis 

azriT, `maTTa SembmelTa daxocen, marT cecxlad moedebian~. aq 

sityva`cecxli” SemTxveviT ar unda iyos naTqvami, amiT erTgvari 

asociacia gaCnda sakuTari neba-surviliT alavardnil WaSi CaSvebul 

Wabuksa da sabrZolvelad gamzadebul, qajTis cixis SesasvlelTan 

mdgar tariels Soris. orives elis `que-yana~, Tvalwarmtaci 

veli, saxel-dideba, cecxliT ganwmendilis pativi da bolos 

saukeTeso jildo jildoTa Soris _ bneli Zalebisgan tyvedpyrobili 

mzeTunaxavi. 

tarieli Tavisi ubedurebisa da tkivilis gamo aRmoCnda am 

`gansawmendelSi~. vefxistyaosan moymed qceuli, igi mRvimeSi mkvidrdeba 

da Tavisi sulieri ganadgurebis process ewinaaRmdegeba, 

sadac iwyebs imis gacnobierebas, rom codvilia da saWiroa moinaxos 

codvis saTave, rasac jer sinanuli, Semdeg sulieri aRdgoma 

mohyveba. sanam tarieli darwmunebuli iqneba, rom xvarazmelis 

mokvla mis mier ganxorcielebuli `marTali samarTalia~, dabrkolebebs 

bolo ar eqneba, man yvelaferi unda gaacnobieros da es 

unda moxdes swored mRvimeSi, sadac igi ganmartoebulia, zustad 

aseT garemoSi unda ipovos man sakuTari Tavi da aRiarebuli codvis 

monaniebis Semdeg bednierebas eziaros. esaa mizani. mRvimeSi 

yofnisas tarieli midis am daskvnamde: `sulTa vhyiddi gulisaTvis, 

koSki amad gamebazra~ (539) da mocemul SemTxvevaSi indoeTis 

an nestanis xsnisTvis nakisr mkvlelobas ki ar uZebnis gamarTlebas, 

aramed aRiarebs, rom imxanad miwierma sZlia zeciurs, xorcma 

141

daTrguna suli da swored xvarazmeli sasiZos mkvlelobam gamoiwvia 

misi marcxi, misi ubedureba, rac vefxistyaosnobaSi gamoixata. 

gacnobierebulma tanjvam gaaCina kaTarzisis survili. mZinare 

ufliswulis mokvla tarielisgan RvTis dakargvaa, tanjviT aRsavse 

mravali weli ki dakargulis Zieba. qajeTis omSi tarielis 

gansakuTrebuli misia (ganvlos urTulesi gza satrfosken) swored 

am kuTxiT gacxadda. nestanma jildos funqcia itvirTa da am 

jildos mopoveba-dasakuTrebis survilma gamoiwvia tanjvis gziT 

ganwmendis aucilebloba. 

nestansac sWirdeba monanieba, amitom misi koSkisken mimavali 

`gza gvirabiTa Semovals”, romelsac `xasi~ moymeebi icaven da 

am gvirabis gavlis msurvels `marT cecxlad moedebian~. zemoxsenebuli 

gvirabi ki miwisqveSa Waa, romlis gavla cecxlSi dawvasTanaa 

asocirebuli, ”nestan-darejanis gadakargva...aris misi sulieri 

gardasaxvis sawyisi etapi.. aseve tarielmac udabnoSi unda 

ixetialos, gamoqvabulSi damkvidrdes.. moipovos sakuTari `me~... 

da sulierad ganwmendili da zneobrivad gansrulebuli eziaros 

RvTaebriv sibrZnes~ (sulava 2004: 224). 

amdenad, Tu udabno da gamoqvabuli sulieri gardasaxvis adgilia, 

Wa uSualo damakavSirebeli saSualebaa. swored WaSi sacnaurdeba, 

rom mitevebis mosapoveblad gzis sirTule unda daiZlios. 

am gzas adamiani mxolod sakuTari nebiT gaivlis. Ziebis procesi 

ki raindis sulieri ganwmendiT sruldeba, riTac sacnauri gaxdeba 

borotis Zleva keTilisagan da misi samaradiso batonoba. mkvlevar 

r.siraZis azriT, sulier mamaTa cxovreba _ moRvaweoba amgvarad 

SeiZleba warmovidginoT: gza _ udabno _ aRTqmuli qveyana, 

anu samSoblos datoveba, sulieri gamocdis asparezi(udabno) da 

mzadeba aRTqmuli qveynisTvis. (siraZe 2005: 93) 

qarTul folklorSi ki es triada odnav gansxvavebuli saxiT 

warmogvidgeba: udabno _ gza _ aRTqmuli qveyana. Tu Rirsi mamebisTvis 

udabnoa sulieri gamocdis asparezi, igi adgeba gzas, romelic 

swored udabnoSi miiyvans, zRapris gmirebisTvis ki udabno 

mSvid, uintereso arsebobasTan asocirdeba, saWiro xdeba gza da 

misi gavlis Semdeg naTeli xdeba, imsaxurebs Tu ara gmiri aRTqmul 

qveyanas. 

142 

damowmebani: 

genoni 1987: genoni r. mTa da gamoqvabuli. gaz.` literaturuli saqarTvelo~, 

№ #39, 1987. 

irlandiuri sagebi 1971: irlandiuri sagebi. 1971. 

koWlamazaSvili 1997: koWlamazaSvili e. Sio mRvimelis saxelis etimologiisaTvis. 

gaz. `Cemi skola~, № #3-19, 1997.

siraZe 2005: siraZe r. Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria. 2005. 

sulava 2000: sulava n. Sio mRvimeli demetre mefis poeziaSi. literaturuli 

Ziebani, XXI, 2000. 

sulava 2004: sulava n. gamoqvabulisa da udabnos mxatvruli funqcia 

`vefxistyaosanSi~. literaturuli Ziebani, XXV, 2004. 

Tamar Khvedeliani 

The Depth of the Well – the Way Towards Catharsis 

Summary 

The article is about the means of connection with the cave – the narrow, almost 

impossible way,which is presented by the form of original well and which is realized as 

a way towards the spiritual cleaning.. 

The put into the well undergoes the magic power of the catharsis, pass the way 

through the spirityal cleaning owing to which he admin isters the sacrament to the 

thruth,to the cultural wealth and reaches the purpose. 

The philosopical perception of the well as the narrow, very thorny path towards 

the forty-celled cave, towards the main fortress of evil “ Kadgetis Tsikhe”, the place of 

the catharsis of the human’s spirit , is vividly presented in the mythological works of 

different countries as weii as in the beautiful piecces of the Georgian folklore and in “ 

The Knight in the Panter”Skin” 

143

Tanamedrove literaturis esTetikuri Teoriebi da 

`vefxistyaosani~ 

lia kariWaSvili 

144 

`vefxistyaosani“ postmodernuli TvalTaxedviT 

postmodernizmma XX saukunis meore naxevridan ara mxolod 

literaturis, aramed xelovnebis, filosofiisa da, zogadad, 

yofierebis TiTqmis yvela sfero moicva. 1914 wels rudolf panvicis 

wignSi ,,evropuli kulturis krizisi” pirvelad gamoCnda cneba 

,,postmodernizmi“, rogorc imJamindeli dasavleTevropuli 

kulturis maxasiaTebeli. amave mniSvnelobiT moixmo is arnold 

toinbim naSromSi ,,istoriis wvdoma”, cneba gansakuTrebiT popularuli 

gaxda mas Semdeg, rac gamoqveynda amerikeli mkvlevris C. 

jenksis naSromi `The Language of Postmodern Architecture~, L., 1977, xolo 

pirveli mxatvruli nawarmoebi, romelic kvalificirda, rogorc 

postmodernuli (Tavad avtoris mier) umberto ekos ,,vardis 

saxelia”. diskusia am literaturuli meTodis Sesaxeb 1959 wlidan 

iwyeba. Tavidan is uaryofiT movlenad aRiqmeboda, rogorc 

mkveTrad krizisuli, momdevno etapze ki moxda misi pozitiuri 

semantikiT datvirTva, elituri da masobrivi kulturis erTgvari 

sineTezis danaxva. lesli fidleri postmodernist mwerals 

adarebs ormag agents, gancxromaSi myofs, rogorc teqnologiuri 

realobis, aseve saswaulis sferoSi da mzadmyofs miTSi an erotizebul 

sivrceSi gadasanacvleblad... am literaturaSi xorcieldeba 

kavSiri realobasa da fiqcias, aseve, elitur da popularul 

gemovnebas Soris. teqstis damaxasiaTebelia mravalenobrioba, 

polistruqturuloba, ukidures SemTxvevaSi ormagi struqtura, 

rogorc semantikur, aseve sociologiur doneze, dekonstruqciuloba, 

Tanamonawileoba, ironia, metaforuloba, mibaZva da sxva. 

postmodernizmis mkvlevarTa Soris arian: d. beli, J. bodriari, 

J. batimo, v. velSi, h. kiungi, v, jeimsi, C, jenksi, a, haiseni, i. hasani, 

v. biCkovi, i. ilini, v. kuricini da sxvebi. 

im ZiriTad maxasiaTebelTa Soris, romelsac postmoderni 

avlens, erT–erTi da Zalze niSandoblivia damokidebuleba klasikuri 

literaturisadmi. klasikur nawarmoebs postmoderni iyenebs 

axali saTqmelis gadmosacemad (`Zvel tikSi Casxmuli axali 

Rvino~, v. velSi), romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi ormagadaa kodirebu-

li teqstSi da miznad isaxavs ironizebiT, metaforiT an sxva mxatvruli 

xerxiT aCvenos Tanamedroveobis zogadi tendencia _ amaRlebuli 

idealebis abstraqtuloba da irealuroba yofierebasTan 

SedarebiT. xdeba klasikuri nawarmoebis destruqturizacia, motivTa 

Secvla, ZiriTadi ideisagan Camocileba, droisa da sivrcis 

mTlianobis rRveva da personaJTa gadaadgileba, erTi sityviT, 

iqmneba simulakruli nawarmoebi, anu ,,asli originalis gareSe“. 

qarTul literaturaSi 90–iani wlebidan ibeWdeba postmodernuli 

nawarmoebebi da iwyeba msjeloba am meTodze. ukanasknel 

xans gamoqveynda ramdenime Txzuleba: aka morCilaZis `wigni~, mariana 

nanobaSvilis moTxroba `Crdilebis rokva~ da paata Samugias 

minipoema ,,antityaosani”. romlebSic `vefxistyaosnis~ persona- 

Jebi gvevlinebian axal situaciebSi, gadasxvaferebuli Sinagani 

samyaroTi da axali saTqmeliT. 

aka morCilaZis `wignSi~ mocemulia `vefxistyaosnis“ Seqmnis 

mxatvruli versia da garemoebani. mTavari personaJi aq nuradin 

fridonia, zRvisreTis gamgebeli. igi agrovebs galeqsil ambebs, 

romelTac `nuradin names~ 16 wignSi mouyriaT Tavi da dausruleblad 

asworebs, cdilobs zustad aRadginos yvela detali da 

momaval Taobebs WeSmariteba Semounaxos Tavis TavgadasavalTa 

Sesaxeb. es saqmianoba 7 wels grZeldeba da dasasruli ar uCans, 

vinaidan fridoni yovel gadakiTxvaze axal–axal detalebs ixsenebs, 

asworebs da cvlis, magram imasac xvdeba, rom srulyofileba 

miuRwevelia. 

SarvanSa saiT mumi nuradins Zalze gavrcelebul, ùrjuloTa 

enidan moTargmnil“ wigns `hindurel–names“ ugzavnis. wignSi 

moTxrobilia ambavi indo Wabukisa, romelsac nuradini qajeTis 

cixidan qalis gamoxsnaSi daexmara. 

nuradin fridoni gaocebuli rCeba imiT, rom wignSi moTxrobili 

ambavi sinamdviles ar Seesabameba, faqtebi damaxinjebulia, 

amdenad, misTvis Rirebulebac ara aqvs, rogorc gayalbebul simarTles. 

da, ai, modis brZeni al qausi, romelic Searyevs nuradinis 

damokidebulebas naratiuli teqstisadmi, romelic ukve 

damoukidebeli mxatvruli samyaroa da Tavisi cxovreba Tu bed– 

iRbali aqvs. 

al qausTan saubarSi nuradini cdilobs daamtkicos, rom rac 

,,hindurel–nameSi“ weria, siyalbea; rom mas ar miuRia monawileoba 

mavrTagan qalis gamoxsnaSi, radganac brZola da sisxlisRvra 

qalis gamo misTvis gaugebaria, Tumca indo Wabuks da arab spaspets 

mainc miaxmara msaxuri yasimi, isic SeniRbulad da ara Tavisi 

saxeliT. al qausi mSvidad pasuxobs: `Sens sxva gmirobebs ver 

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daijereben, mavrTa qveynidan qalis motacebis ambavs ki saqveynod 

mohyvebian...saukuno Zmebad gamogacxadeben“. 

`–orni iyvnen, orni iyvnen! mesame yasimi iyo, yasimi msaxuri 

iyo! ratom samni? Cewera ori, Caewera ori, vinc marTla aiRo is 

wyeuli cixe! me, qalis gulisTvis...“ 

Celebma dainaxa rogor aswia al qausma brZenma Tavisi Savi , 

yviTelgula xeli da rogor Sekra erTad cera, saCvenebeli da Sua 

TiTebi. 

`–maT miCniaT, rom yvelafers sami akeTebs. ai, es sami. Tqvenc 

samni xarT. Tqven samni rCebiT“ (morCilaZe 2003: 61). 

nuradin fridonma wignebis sworeba Sewyvita. rogorc Cans, 

al qausis sityvebma daarwmuna, rom mis ganzraxvas, sakuTari Tavi 

ukvdaveyo Tavisi cxovrebis uzustesi asaxviT, azri ar hqonda... 

da misi sicocxlis mizanic gaqra. igi im RamiT gardaicvala. `mainc 

aravin daijerebs~ _ es iyo misi ukanaskneli sityvebi~. 

nuradins darCa 16 wigni ,,nuradin name“, magram Celebi, misi 

mdivani, mbrZanebelze mudam erT ambavs hyveboda: rogor gamoixsnes 

mavrTa tyveobidan misma patronma da orma sxva Wabukma qali. 

àimedebda siCqare drois qarisa, nuradin fridonis saxels rom 

ayrida udabnos qviSis uTvalav namcecs~. 

`vefxistyaosnis“ erT–erTi mTavari personaJi, fridoni, 

romelsac mniSvnelovani wvlili Seaqvs poemis siuJetis ganviTarebaSi, 

amjerad gvevlineba zRvisreTis gamgeblad, saxelganTqmul 

meomrad, romlisTvisac mxolod mavrTa tyveobidan qalis daxsnis 

faqtia cnobili, am ambavSi ki mas uSualo monawileoba ar miuRia. 

es Zalze gaxmaurebuli Txzuleba ùrjuloTagan“ uTargmniaT, 

ese igi qristianTagan, romelTaTvis `yvelafers sami akeTebs“ . 

realoba axali sinamdviliT CaunacvlebiaT, mxatvruli sinamdviliT, 

romelic istoriulze ufro mSvenieri da saintereso aRmoCnda 

da amitomac daipyro mkiTxvelTa da msmenelTa guli. istoriuli 

realoba calsaxa, erTmniSvnelovani faqtia, (`Cven aRar 

viqnebiT da eg wignebi, wignebi, sadac isaa aRwerili, rac marTla 

momxdara, mosawyeni gaxdeba“). garda amisa, sakiTxavia, inarCunebs 

ki subieqtis mier aRqmuli da naratiul teqstad gardasaxuli ambavi 

obieqturobis im xarisxs, rom WeSmariteba ewodos? (àris ki 

raime iseTi, ris gamoc ityvi, rom ise iyo, rogorc Sen gaxsovs?“) 

mxatvruli realoba ki Tavisi farTo SesaZleblobebiT aRemateba 

imas, rac moxda da aris is, rac SeiZleboda momxdariyo. (`rom davimarxoT 

axla am zRvaSi, ras ityvian Cvenze? mohyveba vinme, rogor 

daixa afra?... dajdeba viRac da gamoigonebs, mere Caswers wignSi 

da es tyuili sulisSemZvreli, magram umanko iqneba, radgan yvelas 

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endomeba icodes sad gaqrnen mebrZoli da brZeni“.) 

sinamdvilisa da xelovnebis, kerZod, mxatvruli literaturis, 

urTierTmimarTeba, rac moTxrobis ZiriTad problemad 

gvesaxeba, aqtualuri sakiTxia da masze msjeloba antikuri xanidan 

iwyeba. aristoteles azriT, xelovnebis safuZveli gamocdilebaTa 

dagrovebaa. xelovani gamomgonebelia, xolo sinamdvilis 

Sevseba xelovnebis saSualebiT–sinamdvilis gakeTilSobileba da 

idealizacia. ,,poetikis“ mixedviT, poeziis obieqti SeiZleba iyos 

ara is, rac moxda, aramed is, rac SeiZleboda momxdariyo. Semecneba 

imisa, rac SeiZleboda momxdariyo albaTobisa da aucileblobis 

mixedviT, ganapirobebs poeziis sayovelTao Sinaarss. poeziisTvis 

ar arsebobs droisa da sivrcis mier dadebuli sazRvrebi, 

amitomac sayovelTao Sinaarss itevs. amdenad, poezia istoriaze 

ufro filosofiuria. 

aristotele Semoqmedebis obieqtisadmi samgvar damokidebulebas 

ganasxvavebs: sagnebi unda aisaxos ise, rogorc sinamdvile- 

Si arian, an rogorc maTze fiqroben da laparakoben, an rogorebic 

unda iyvnen. samive saSualebas igi gamarTlebulad miiCnevs. mTavaria, 

TxzulebaSi mxatvruli sinamdvile iyos SenarCunebuli da 

mTlianobaSi damajerebeli. 

mxatvruli nawarmoebis Seqmnis mizezSedegobrivi kav- 

Siri SesaZloa iyos mWidro, susti an JamTa svlisagan dakarguli. 

`wignis“ problematikac amas mianiSnebs: viciT WeSmariteba 

`vefxistyaosnis“ Seqmnis mizezebze? an ramdenad gamarTlebulia 

masSi istoriuli realobis Zieba? ufro sworad, ramdenad aris es 

mniSvnelovani? rac mTavaria da udavo, poema aris TavisTavadi, 

TviTmyofadi mxatvruli samyaro, sinamdvile, romelmac Tavisi 

mSvenierebis, zogadsakacobrio Sinaarsis, gadaufasebeli Rirebulebebis 

gamo ukvdaveba daimkvidra. 

mariana nanobaSvilis moTxroba, `Crdilebis rokva“, asmaTis 

erTgvari aRsarebaa avTandilis winaSe, romelmac `mijnurobis“ 

xsenebiT misi guli moigo da ndobiT ganawyo. `Seni moulodneli 

stumrobiT CaZinebuli iarebi gadamixseni, imdens vinaxav gulSi, 

gaskda oxeri...aRar SemiZlia amdenis tareba, mogiyvebi yvelafers 

daufaravad, da mere jandabamdisac gza mqonia“ (nanobaSvili 2006: 

10). asmaTi hyveba Tavisi cxovrebis Sesaxeb, romelic gadajaWvulia 

tarielTan da nestan–darejanTan. meordeba `vefxistyaosnis“ 

siuJetis ZiriTadi peripetiebi tarielis gamijnurebidan gamoqvabulSi 

asmaTTan erTad dabinavebamde, ra Tqma unda, asmaTiseuli 

xedviT da aRqmiT. mas, nestanis ymasa da TanaSezrdil megobars, 

mTeli arsebiT uyvars tarieli, romelic nestanis mijnuria da mis 

147

gareSe sicocxlis sazrisi daukargavs, magram, amave dros, uars ar 

ambobs siyvarulze asmaTisadmi, Tumca es ar aris namdvili, jansaRi 

siyvaruli: `saerTo ki ara, salaparakoc ar gvqonda arasdros 

Turme me da mas. roca vneba gonebas gibindavs, es ar gawuxebs, Sei- 

Zleba ver SeamCnio, magram mere...“. 

asmaTi nestans mzes uwodebs (teqstSi mze, rogorc sakuTar 

saxeli, arsad ikveceba), sakuTar Tavs– Crdils. ùxaroda xolme 

Cemi danaxva, Crdili yovelTvis gulisxmobs mzes“. avtoris mier 

personaJTa Sinagani bunebis Rrma Secnobis Sedegia dakvirveba 

nestanisa da davaris msgavsebis Sesaxeb: `davaris Zalian meSinoda. 

niRabiviT umetyvelo saxe hqonda, Txeli tuCebidan Zunwad crida 

sityvebs. gasaocari is iyo, rom sruliad gansxvavebuli garegnobis 

miuxedavad, raRaciT mzes magonebda. erTnairi gamoxedva hqondaT, 

mzes gadaSlil da muq, davars gaqucul warbqveSidan, idumali, 

gulis siRrmeSi mofaTure gamoxedva. orive aqvavebda–erTi 

aRfrTovanebiT, meore SeZrwunebiT“ (nanobaSvili 2006: 11). 

asmaTi damajerebelia Tavisi grZnobebiT, tanjviT, sindisis 

qenjniTa da daunanebeli TviTSewirviT. 

moTxrobis mTavari niSani metaforulobaa. metaforulia 

saTauric _ `Crdilebis rokva“. `platoni sanam cxovrebas mzis 

Suqze Crdilebis rokvas miamsgavsebda, isic albaT kargaxans 

cxovrobda raRac Tavis gamoqvabulSi... zurgiT gamosasvlelisken 

Tu gamosavalisken“. metaforaa `mzec~ _ nestani, romliskenac 

miiswrafis tarieli; igi mijnuria, magram amave dros SeboWilia 

miwieri artaxebiT da orive--swrafva `mzisken“ da miziduloba 

`miwisken“ (vneba asmaTisadmi)--erTdroulad arsebobs masSi da 

gamosavali Tu gamosasvleli am ,,gamoqvabulidan“ miT ufro Zneli 

dasanaxia. ara marto mTlianobaSia moTxroba metaforuli, aramed 

mis calkeul pasaJebSic metafora Warbobs. tarielma asmaTs beWedi 

aCuqa. `calke is beWedi ulamazesi da natifi aRmoCnda... roca 

zardaxSis brdRvrialSi ar ikargeboda“, iseve rogorc, ,,kargi 

viyavi, Zalian kargi, mze rom ar madga Tavze“ (nanobaSvili 2006: 12). 

moTxrobis bolos kidev erTi miniSnebaa platoniseuli 

`Crdilebis“ simulakraze: `Tu ar mogkla da migiRo, xom TviTonve 

mogiyveba Tavis ambavs...Tavisi gamoqvabulis Crdilebis rokvaze“. 

`Tuki modernizmis erT–erTi ZiriTadi metafora iyo platoniseuli 

ideaTa aCrdilebi, romelTac xedaven gamoqvabulis 

kedlebs mijaWvuli adamianebi, romlebic Tavis mxriv ganwirulni 

arian, rom verasodes ixilaven TavisTavad ideas (WeSmaritebas, 

arss), postmodernizmis erT–erTi ZiriTadi metafora kvlavac 

xdeba platoniseuli simulakra, asli, romelsac originali ar 

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gaaCnia. ideaTa aCrdilebs garkveuli mimarTeba mainc hqondaT 

arsTan, isini sruliad ar gamosaxavdnen WeSmaritebas, magram mis 

anarekls mainc warmoadgendnen, amdenad, modernizmSi Tavad adamianic 

inarCunebda Tundac arasrulfasovan mimarTebas arsTan, 

postmodernizmSi ki Tanamedroveobis danaxva, rogorc simulakrasi, 

migviTiTebs, rom aq arsTan, pirvelad WeSmaritebasTan aranairi 

mimarTeba aRar igulisxmeba“ (wifuria 2008: 264). 

moTxroba dramatulia, sevdiani. postmodernisTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

ormagi kodirebiT aRbeWdili. 

XXI saukuneSi gamoxmobili `vefxistyaosnis“ personaJTa 

cxovreba Crdilia cxovrebisa, ormagad Crdilia, radgan cxovreba 

TviTonaa ideaTa Crdili. am gamoqvabulSi mcxovrebTa yofa kidev 

ufro daSorebulia WeSmaritebas, Sesabamisad, maTi cnobiereba 

darRveuli, gaxleCili da gaorebulia, mijnuroba TiTqos arsebobs, 

tarieli kvlav eZebs nestans (Tumca am etapze, roca 

gamoqvabulSi saxlobs, ukve aRarc eZebs), is mas sWirdeba, rogorc 

sakuTari Sinaarsi da srulfasovneba, uimisod adamianis saxe dakarguli 

aqvs (damdablebulia xati RvTisa), magram mis cxovrebaSi 

aris qali –asmaTi, realuri, sasurveli, magram ara sulis swori. 

es urTierToba erTgvari xarkia miwierebisadmi da esaa realoba. 

mijnuroba ki TiTqos fiqciad iqca. am gaorebidan Tavis daRweva 

Znelia, gamosavali ar Cans. `vcxovrobT ase sxvadasxva molodin- 

Si... mas mzis naCuqari samklavuri ukeTia, me TiTze misi naCuqari 

beWedi“ (nanobaSvili 2006: 14). 

amave motivs (asmaTisa da tarielis siyvarulis ambavs) 

amuSavebs paata Samugia minipoemaSi (rogorc TviTon uwodebs) 

àntityaosani“, romelic skandaluri aRmoCnda mkveTrad erotikuli 

xasiaTis gamo. mTxrobeli aq tarielia. Cven ar SevexebiT 

Txzulebis eTikur mxares, CvenTvis sainteresoa ra iyo avtoris 

mizani, ratom airCia man ,,vefxistyaosnis“ personaJebi Tavisi 

saTqmelis gadmosacemad. arCevani SemTxveviTi ar aris. paata Samugias 

poeturi krebuli `Post poezia“ adasturebs, rom igi icnobs im 

literaturul meTods, romliTac qmnis. 

avtoris ganacxadi Txzulebis saTaurSivea _ es aris àntityaosani“, 

`vefxistyaosnis“ antiTeza, sruliad sapirispiro 

ram. Tu `Crdilebis rokva“, faqtobrivad, asmaTis aRsareba iyo, 

amjerad tarielia gulaxdili Tavisi mijnurisa da mkiTxvelis 

winaSe. siuJetis mixedviT, tariels miwieri siyvaruli akavSirebs 

asmaTTan, Tumca kvlav nestanis mijnurad miiCnevs Tavs. 

`magram me minda icode, kargo, 

me Sen gekuTvni suliT, sxeuliT, 

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150 

maSinac, roca asmaTs vkocnidi, 

Senze vfiqrobdi ...“ (Samugia 2007: 12). 

TxzulebaSi dro aRreulia. personaJebi warsulSi gmirebi 

arian (,,vefxistyaosanSi“), xolo momavalSi _ antigmirebi (,,antityaosanSi“). 

`nu geSinia, 

vinaidan momavalSi Tu ver SevZeliT, 

iqneb warsulSi mainc gavxdeT gmirebi“, 

ès moxda maSin momavalSi, 

axla ki warsuli daiwyeba“ (Samugia 2007: 6). 

drois fenomenisadmi amgvari damokidebuleba niSandoblivia 

postmodernizmisTvis. `SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tanamedroveobis, 

rogorc aseTis gageba droSi gadaadgildeba. is aRar niSnavs uSualo 

awmyos, qronologiur Tu gramatikul dros, romelSic mTqmeli 

imyofeba. aramed im sulier Tu socialur epoqas, romelic 

modernulma msoflmxedvelobam moitana Tan“ (wifuria 276). 

momavalSi anu axla, XXI saukuneSi, tarieli Tavis Tavs ar hgavs, 

is am epoqis Svilia, sayovelTao krizisisa da martoobis Tanaziari, 

gaorebuli cnobierebiT, gaufasurebuli RirebulebebiT 

da daZabunebuli sulierebiT. 

`ver mcnobs avtoric, me axla sxva var, 

Tumc SeuZlia, Cemze Slegi Tqvas, 

me axla sxva var da vcem pasuxebs 

diagnoziviT dasmul SekiTxvas“ (Samugia 2007:16). 

aq aris ironiac, sevdac, Sefaruli gulistkivilic da erotika, 

romelmac unda Seqmnas dacemulobis gancda, rogorc Tanamedrove 

epoqisa da cnobierebis damRa. mijnuroba aq kidev ufro didi 

abstraqciaa, Zalze Soreuli ram, siZviT gadaxiduli da gadaRobili. 

morigebulia da SeTavsebulia is ori urTierTgamomricxavi 

mimarTeba, (siyvaruli, romelic Tavisi siwmindiT baZavs saRvTo 

mijnurobas da siZva, romelsac araferi aqvs saerTo mijnurobas- 

Tan), romelTa aRrevasac rusTaveli dauSveblad miiCnevda (ìgi 

sxvaa, siZva sxvaa, Sua uzis didi zRvari...“). siuJetis mkveTri erotizebiT, 

rogorc Cans, poets surs ,,vefxistyaosnis“ siwminde da 

maRali zneoba ukuproporciulad gadaitanos negatiur sivrce- 

Si; gaSiSvlebuli, xorcieli siyvarulis asaxviT Seqmnas òriginalis“ 

antiTeza, amitomac aris es àntityaosani“, Tanamedroveobis

pirmSo, misi daSretili sulierebis saxe da anarekli. erTaderTi 

realoba aq yofierebaa, yofiTi moTxovnebi, yofiTi saWiroebani. 

(cxovrebis aseTi `gaprozauleba“, nivTier sagnebze mijaWvuloba, 

mtkivneuli Temaa poetisTvis. 

yoveli nivTi cdilobs mogvces Tavisi saxe 

da ase malulad gvparavs Cvens Tavs 

da ase malulad gveqceva idead, 

nivTebma gvaswavles nivTebis gazomva, 

gagvazomines patriotizmic 

da samSoblos idea santimetrebSi gamoketes“). 

(`nivTebis mcdeloba“, Samugia 2007: 16) 

paata Samugia ormagi kodirebis sistemas iyenebs. rac gulisxmobs, 

rom teqsti Sedgeba mxatvruli niSnebisa da kulturuli kodebis 

ori sxvadasxva rigisagan. erTi rigis kodebi miemarTeba masobriv 

kulturul areals, meore rigisa ki eliturs da sagulisxmo 

miTiTebebs moicavs Tanamedrove kulturul Tu sulier viTarebaze, 

amdenad, kodebis pirveli rigi maskulturazea gaTvlili 

da mis gemovnebas akmayofilebs, xolo meore _ eliturze da mis 

interesebs emsaxureba. SesaZloa, meore rigis kodebi arc iyos mocemuli 

teqstSi da gamoikveTos analitikosis poziciaSi am teqstis 

mimarT. es niSnavs, rom klasikuri teqstis postmodernuli 

interpretacia aRiqmeba teqstis epoqiseul gadaazrebad, epoqis 

wakiTxvad, klasikuri nawarmoebis qveteqstis, an ubralod teqstis 

Tavisufali interpretacia avtoris cnobierebas warmoaCens 

rogorc damaxasiaTebels epoqisaTvis, misTvis niSandoblivs. ra 

surs mas, ra miaCnia damajereblad Tanamedrove mkiTxvelisTvis? 

ratom mimarTa avtorma maincdamainc `vefxistyaosans“, gamoixmo 

qarTveli erisTvis TiTqmis sakraluri saxe-personaJebi da sruliad 

moulodneli rakursiT dagvanaxa? 

avtors gacnobierebuli aqvs mizani: ras wers da risTvis, 

amaze metyvelebs damokidebuleba drois fenomenisadmi, zogadad 

droisa da sivrcis mTlianobis gaTiSva, teqstis mxatvruli aqsesuarebi, 

amobrunebuli ilustraciebi, romlebic agreTve miniSnebaa 

imaze, rom is realoba, rac am teqstma unda asaxos, gaukuRmarTebaa, 

sawinaaRmdegoa imisa, rac unda iyos (da rac aris `vefxistyaosanSi“). 

es aris Tanamedroveobis mxilebis mcdeloba, erTgvari 

diagnozi. esec niSandoblivia postmodernizmisTvis. àm 

formiT postmodernuli epoqis xelovani da inteleqtuali kvlav 

inarCunebs tradiciul mamxilebel funqcias. is kvlav amxilebs 

naklovanebebs. amjerad es naklovanebebi ukavSirdeba ara Cveule- 

151

iv zneobriv mankierebebs, adamianis danaSauls meore adamianis 

winaSe, individis cdunebebs, aramed postmodernuli epoqis mTeli 

sazogadoebis arsebobis formas, am arsebobis ZiriTadi principi 

momxmareblobaa“ (wifuria 2008: 272). es problema mxolod erovnuli 

ar aris, is globaluria. axalgazrda avtori maqsimalistia, 

mkveTri formebiT da mtkivneuli gziT Seecada mxilebas, (Tumca 

SeuZlia `lmobieric“ iyos: 

152 

ìZine mSvidad, Sen ar mogwvdeba 

fxizeli fiqris uxeSi xvedri, 

ar SegaSfoTebs msubuq locvebiT 

sakuTar Tavze gakruli RmerTi... 

iZine mSvidad,vinaidan kargia iq, sadac ara varT, 

anu samSoblo aris cudi...magram Senia~. 

(`sifxizlis messa“, Samugia 2007: 30) 

xsna SemobrunebaSia: Tavdayira dayenebuli samyaro unda 

gaswordes, adamianis dacemuli cnobiereba aRdges, Rirebulebebi 

dalagdes, adamiani unda gaTavisufldes yofierebis monobisagan 

da moZebnos gza WeSmaritebisken, sakuTari pirvelsaxisken. es 

iqneba postmodernuli epoqis dasasruli. krizisis kulminacia 

xom aRorZinebis dasawyiss gulisxmobs. ,,fenomenuri samyaros 

uwesrigo aRreuloba, mdgradi da myari struqturebis rRveva 

ganapirobebs axali da ufro sasurveli wesrigis warmoqmnis moTxovnas“ 

(jozef qonTi). mxolod amis Semdeg SeiZleba daiweros 

àxali~ `vefxistyaosani“, rogorc siwmindis, zneobis, amaRlebuli 

idealebis gamoxatuleba. 

damowmebani: 

aristotele 1979: aristotele. poetika. winasityvaoba, Targmani da komentarebi 

s. daneliasi. Tb.: `ganaTleba~, 1979. 

velSi... 1999: velSi v., jenksi C., grinbergi k. postmoderni, rogorc aseTi. Tb.: 

`merani“ , 1999. 

ivbulis 1988: Ивбулис В. Я. Модернизм и постмодернизм: идейно-эстетические поиски на 

западе. М.: изд. ”Знание”, 1986. 

mankovskaia 2003: Маньковская Н. Постмодернизм. Лексикон нонкласики. художественноэстетическая 

культура XX века. Ред. В. В. Бычков. М.: РОССПЭН, 2003. 

morCilaZe 2003: morCilaZe a. `wigni“. `wignidan fridoniani“. Tb.: bakur sulakauris 


nanobaSvili 2006: nanobaSvili m. Crdilebis rokva. `Cveni mwerloba“, # 13, 2006. 

rusTaveli 1966: rusTaveli S. vefxistyaosani. Tb.: `merani“, 1966. 

Samugia 2007: Samugia p. minipoema da postleqsebi. Tb.: 2007. 

wifuria 2008: wifuria b.postmodernizmi. kreb., literaturis Teoria, XX 

saukunis ZiriTadi meTodologiuri koncefciebi da mimdinareobebi. Tb.: 

literaturis institutis gamomcemloba, 2008.

Lia Karichashvili 

Post-modern view of “The Night in the Panther’s Skin” 

Summary 

This thesis provides a brief outline of the basic characteristics of the extremely 

widespread literary method – Postmodernism (taking roots from the late 20th and early 

21st century) and a study of works written by the following contemporary authors: 

the “Book” by A. Morchiladze, “Shadows Dance” by Mariana Nanobashvili and a 

short poem “Antitkaosani” by Paata Shamugia. The study results prove that all three 

books are based on awareness and consideration of the postmodern theory. Works 

discussed reveal general characteristic features of postmodernism with more or less 

intensity, such as fragmentariness, participation, irony, metaphoric features and etc. It 

is worthy of note that these are simulacrum works or else the copies without original. 

The two from the aforesaid works: “Shadows Dance” and “Antitkaosani” are focused 

on the same motive – explicating the relationship of Tariel and Asmat as passionate 

love, which’s undignified and earthly spirit (especially referring to “Antitkaosani”) is a 

contradiction to the piousness and high morality of “The Knights in the Panther’s Skin” 

and a purposeful strive to present the modern epoch, decayed consciousness, existence 

along with spiritual deficiency, crisis. As for the “Book” at the same time “Pridoniani”, 

it demonstrates the correlation between historic and fictional realities, links of ground 

based reasons and a complementary subject matter. 

This work is an attempt to evaluate the postmodern works, deriving from the 

basics of “The Knight in the Panther’s Skin”, which’s self-esteem is from the origin 

defined by a creative method along with a quality of authors’ mastership, and their focus 

on the subject matter “The Knight in the Panther’s Skin”, proves that the poem still 

remains the instrument for measuring our morality. 

153


154 

rusTvelologiis istoriidan 

`yovelman qarTvelman icis, ra aris wigni `vefxis 

tyaosani~ 

platon ioselianis dabadebis 200 wlisTavis gamo 

`rusTavelis dideba mefeTa 

da mxedarTmTavarTa didebas aRemateba~. 

platon ioseliani 

platon ioseliani (1809-1875), SesaniSnavi mecnieri da sazogado 

moRvawe, XIX saukunis qarTvel inteleqtualTa erT-erTi 

brwyinvale warmomadgenelia. esaa dro, rodesac saqarTveloSi 

`laRad ikafavs gzas evropul-rusuli mowinave axali azrebi da 

ideebi~, xolo mTeli pleada uganaTlebulesi qarTvelebisa sam- 

SobloSi ùxvi xeliT ezidebian da sTesaven axal codnas, axal 

cxovelmyofel azrebs~ (k. kekeliZe 1974: 146), ris safuZvelzec 

iqmneba iseTi axali dargi, rogoricaa `humanitaruli qarTvelTmetyueleba~ 

(vukol beriZis gamoTqmaa) anu qarTvelologia. platon 

ioseliani, `friad ganaTlebuli da cnobili mecnieri, romelsac 

Tanamedroveni filosofoss eZaxdnen~ (a. SaniZe), am axali 

dargis erT-erTi fuZemdebelia. am enciklopediuri ganaTlebis 

mecnieris interesTa sfero saocrad farToa, da mis naSromebs 

dRemde ar daukargavs Tavisi mniSvneloba sxvadasxva dargis mkvlevarTaTvis. 

ver davasaxelebT qarTvelologiis verc erT dargs, 

misi yuradRebis gareSe rom darCeniliyo; esenia: saqarTvelos 

saero da saeklesio istoria, istoriuli geografia, wyaroTmcodneoba, 

arqeologia, xelovnebis istoria, epigrafika, numizmatika; 

eTnografia da folklori; lingvistika; literaturaTmcodneoba 

_ literaturis istoria da kritika, qarTuli leqsTwyobis Teoriuli 

sakiTxebi; Jurnalistika; amasTan Zvel xelnawerTa moZieba 

da sagamomcemlo saqmianoba _ arc es CamonaTvalia sruli (mis 

Sesaxeb: gawerelia 1936; baramiZe 1978). 

platon ioselianis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli qarTuli istoriografiis 

axali, gardamavali etapi, rodesac iwyeba wyaroTa 

mimarT kritikuli damokidebuleba da providencializmis adgils 

istoriul movlenaTa pragmatikuli ganmarteba, mizez-Sedegobriv

kavSirTa Zieba ikavebs. 

platon ioselianis naSromTa umetesoba rusuladaa dawerili, 

magram Tavisi mTavari saistorio naSromi, romliTac samudamod 

daimkvidra SesaniSnavi istorikosis saxeli, qarTulad dawera: 

esaa `cxovreba giorgi mecametisa~, romelSic XVIII-XIX saukuneTa 

mijnis saqarTvelos urTulesi istoriis farTo panoramaa 

asaxuli. 

platon ioseliani, `saistorio mwerlobis mesveuri~ (k. kekeliZe), 

amave dros Zveli qarTuli saero mwerlobis erT-erTi 

pirveli mkvlevaria (maxaTaZe 1964: 187-206); SavTelisa da CaxruxaZis 

xotbaTa pirveli gamocema (1838 w.) man ganaxorciela da sayuradRebo 

SeniSvnebic daurTo, magram misi fantastikuri erudicia 

da originaluri azrovnebis niWi yvelaze srulyofilad SoTa 

rusTavelis Sesaxeb daweril naSromSi gamovlinda. es mravali 

RirsebiT aRbeWdili statia (ioseliani 1870) rusTvelologiuri 

literaturis Tezaurusis kuTvnilebaa. Tavisi Rrma ganaTlebis 

wyalobiT platon ioselianma vefxistyaosani ufarToes evropul 

konteqstSi ganixila, rac faqtobrivad realuri _ da ara formaluri 

_ komparativizmis sawyisad unda CaiTvalos. 

* * * 

`yovelman qarTvelman icis, ra aris 

wigni `vefxis tyaosani~. 


platon ioselianisTvis sruliad ueWvelia, rom SoTa rus- 

Tavelis vefxistyaosani qarTvelTaTvis saerTo-saxalxo wignia; 

Tavis winasityvaobas, romelic giorgi erisTavis `gayris~ gamocemas 

(1845 w.) warumZRvara, iwyebs sityvebiT: `yovelman qarTvelman 

icis, ra aris wigni `vefxistyaosani~. mravlis metyveli frazaa, 

romelic poemis erovnul mniSvnelobas gamoxatavs, da Tumca 

pl. ioseliani Tavis naSromebSi, gamomdinare maTi specifikidan, 

rusTavelis Sesaxeb iSviaTad wers, is cnobebi, rasac gvawvdis, 

rusTvelologiuri mecnierebisTvis metad mniSvnelovania, am 

mxriv sayuradReboa pl. ioselianis `Tbilisidan mcxeTamde mgzavrobis 

Canawerebi~, sadac vxvdebiT cnobebs vefxistyaosnis somxur 

da polonur enebze Sesrulebul TargmanTa Sesaxeb, avtoris 

mosazrebebs Targmnis xelovnebis Taobaze da aRZrul sakiTxebTan 

dakavSirebiT mis esTetikur kredosac vecnobiT. 

`mgzavrobis CanawerebSi~ (XIV Tavi) pl. ioselians mohyavs 

SavTelis xotbis erTi strofis somxuri Targmani, romelic friad 

ganaTlebul pirs s. e. bastamovs Seusrulebia da gvamcnobs, rom 

155

àmave pirovnebas unda vumadlodeT `vefxistyaosnis~ TiTqmis mexuTedi 

nawilis Targmnas. es somxur `xalxur~ enaze Sesrulebuli 

Targmani daibeWda JurnalSi `Армянский журавль~, romelic 1860- 

1864 wlebSi gamodioda. miuxedavad mTargmenlis Tavmdablobisa 

_ aris ki SesaZlebeli, rom Tbilisuri somxuris mdabiuri kilos 

niadagze ixaron rusTavelis poeziis yvavilebma? _ gariTmuli 

Targmani Sedga~ _ wers pl. ioseliani da iqve umatebs: àmboben, 

rom kargi gamovida rusTavelis poemis nawyvetebis Targmanic polonur 

enaze~ (igulisxmeba kazimir lapCinskis Tarmani _ m. k.) da 

askvnis: àm orma pirovnebam Rirseulad daiCoqa didi poeti-geniosis 

taZarTan~ (ioseliani 1871: 31-33). 

`mgzavrobis Canawerebis~ am Tavs pl. ioseliani iwyebs Targmanze 

msjelobiT, rac TavisTavad sainteresa: èrTi enidan meoreze 

Targmna _ Zneli garjaa. igi meored Sobaa da miT ufro Znelia, 

rac ufro rTulia Sobilis formebi. azris gadaTargmna an gadatana 

erTi enidan meoreze SesaZl;ebelia, magram azris forma, elferi 

da harmonia mouxelTebelia. azris gadaTargmna niSnavs moixelTo 

STabeWdileba, warmosaxvis usruli ocnebebi anu suli Tavad poetisa 

da misi liris TiTqos gaurkveveli, daukavSirebeli bgerebi. 

ra SerCeba xelT azris amgvari TiTqos gardaqmnisgan gardamRebels? 

is, rasac kacobriobis TviTSemmecnebeli, TviTSemgrZnobi 

saerTo ena hqvia, romelic adamianis sulSi cocxal eqod, sakacobrio 

azris melodiad gamoxmiandeba. is, rasac dante gansazRvravs 

da gulisxmobs: 

èniTa miT, romeliTa suli saubrobs~ (ioseliani 1871: 29-30). 

pl. ioselianis msoflmxedvelobisa da esTetikuri Sexedulebebis 

gasaazreblad aranakleb sainteresoa is daxasiaTeba, romelsac 

amave naSromSi aZlevs SavTelis xotbas religiuri, politikuri, 

sazogadoebrivi da pirovnuli kriteriumebiT; mohyavs ra 

àbdulmesianis~ strofi (`Tuali xar brmaTa~), rogorc WeSmariti 

poziis zogadi nimuSi, igi mkveTrad hyofs erTmaneTisgan, erTi 

mxriv, misTvis misaReb `WeSmarit~, meore mxriv ki misTvis sruliad 

miuRebel, mis mierve `skeptikosebad~ wodebul poetebs. misi 

msjeloba am sakiTxis Sesaxeb friad sayuradReboa: `SavTelis poeziaSi 

yvelaferi WeSmaritebiT sunTqavs, religiac, politikac, 

ojaxic da sazogadoebrivi mowyobac Zvel meigaveTa da Cveni 

drois skeptikosTa dasaZraxad~; cxadia, rom am sityvebis avtori 

monarqiis apologetia. misi esTetikuri kredo TandaTanobiT 

ufro naTlad ikveTeba; igi ganagrZobs: àm skepticizmma, rogorc 

geniosis pirvelma nabijma, aserigad sasargeblom Zlieri gonebis 

xelT, bevri aTeizmamde miiyvana. warmosaxvasa da gonebas Soris 

156

wonasworobis ukmarobas codvisa da zneobrivi dacemis danaSaulisken 

mihyavs poetebi, romelnic ar afaseben maTi Semqmneli da 

warmomSobi bunebisagan mimadlebuli niWis maRal daniSnulebas. 

oratorebad xdebian, magram poetebad ibadebian (oratores fiunt, poetae 

nescunter) _ amtkicebda Zveli samyaro. rusTaveli, CaxruxaZe, 

SavTeli rCebian qarTuli poeziis nimuSebad, mxilvelni poeziis 

parnasis mniSvnelobis, miznisa da Rirsebisgan gandgomili poetebisa, 

viT WeSmariti ciuri parnasis simaRlidan qvedacemuli 

bnelqmnili mTiebisa (Lucifer, Suqmosili)~. 

platon ioselianis esTetikur SexedulebaTa warmosadgenad 

mogvixdeba mTavar sakiTxs mcire xniT gadavuxvioT da davsvaT 

kiTxva: vis asaxelebs pl. ioseliani RvTaebrivi niWiT dajildoebul, 

magram skepsisiTa da aTeizmiT Sepyrobil poetTa nimuSad, 

visac lucifers anu satanas adarebs? _ jorj gordon bairons, 

da, Tu ar vcdebi, esaa albionis genialuri Svilis pirveli Tu ara, 

erT-erTi pirveli moxseneba da Sefaseba qarTul kritikul literaturaSi. 

es Sefaseba ukiduresad subieqturia, erTgvarad damyarebuli 

cnobili fragni poetis, istorikosisa da politikuri 

moRvawis alfons lamartiniseul (1790-1869) Sefasebaze, magram 

Tavad faqtia sayuradRebo, iseve, rogorc frangi poetis moxsenieba 

da misi leqsis citireba (aRsaniSnavia, rom Semdeg man lamartinis 

ori Txzulebac Targmna, rac TavisTavad saintereso Temaa 

zogadad qarTul-evropul, kerZod qarTul-frangul literaturul 

urTierTobaTa istoriisTvis). 

adarebs ra `poeziis parnasisgan ganmdgar~ poetebs lucifers, 

platon ioseliani ganagrZobs: àseTia baironi, didi geniosi, magram 

STavardnili, velur, naTlisa da samyaros Semoqmedisagan dacilebul 

poeziaSi; momRerali sibnelisa da sasowarkveTilebisa, 

sisxlisa, sikvdilisa; satanis TvalebiT samyarosa da mis maradiul 

zneobriv kanonTa Semfasebeli, borotisa da borotebis Rmer- 

Tis aCrdilis maZiebeli; dideba ar aris iq, sadac ar aris saTnoeba~ 

(ioseliani 1871: 34), am msjelobidan cxadi xdeba, ratom airCia pl. 

ioselianma rusTavelisadmi miZRvnil werilSi baironis epiTetad 

`pirquSi~. pl. ioselianis politikuri konformizmi da moraluri 

rigorizmi gamosWvivis baironis _ am meamboxe sulis Semoqmedis 

_ SefasebaSi, romelic italiisa da saberZneTis erovnul-ganma- 

Tavisuflebel brZolaTa Tavganwiruli monawile iyo da Seswira 

kidec sicocxle. 

platon ioselianis fantastikuri enciklopediuri ganaTleba 

marTlac unikaluria: gasakviri araferia, rom XIX saukunis 

pirveli naxevris am qarTvelma inteleqtualma brwyinvaled icis 

157

antikuri literatura, magram, rogorc Semdgom, rusTavelisadmi 

miZRvnili werilis ganxilvisas vnaxavT, igi SesaniSnavad icnobs 

axali drois dasavleT evropul literaturasac dantedan moyolebuli 

mis Tanamedrove baironamde, da, rogorc Sedarebis detalebidan 

irkveva, ara mxolod icnobs, aramed kargadac erkveva 

calkeul mweralTa Semoqmedebis TaviseburebebSi; mTavari isaa, 

rom msoflio literaturis konteqstSi rusTavelis poemis ganxilva-Sefasebisas 

man mkafiod evropuli orientiri dasaxa. 

158 

* * * 

`gonebrivi gmirobis amgvari nayofi 

aris ara erTi xalxis – didisa Tu mciris 

– sakuTreba, aramed mTeli kacobriobisa. 

saxelebi did adamianTa, ... romelnic xels 

uwyoben kacobriobis winsvlas mecnieruli 

Tu xelovnebis nawarmoebebiT – msoflios 

matianeebSi iwereba~. 


Tumca platon ioselians SoTa rusTavelis Sesaxeb erTaderTi 

werili aqvs gamoqveynebuli da isic rusuladaa dawerili, is 

mainc rusTvelologTa brwyinvale pleadis erT-erTi SesaniSnavi 

warmomadgenelia. 

1870 wels, 10 ianvars, gazeT Кавказ-is mecamete nomerSi daibeWda 

platon ioselianis statia rusTavelis Sesaxeb, romelsac 

akaki SaniZem `mSvenieri werili~ (SaniZe 1966: 64) uwoda da rusTvelologTa 

sagangebo interesis sagania. es umniSvnelovanesi 

rusTvelologiuri naSromi sruli saxiT dRemde ar aris Targmnili 

da gamoqveynebuli qarTulad, rac miT umetes gaugebari da 

Seuwynarebelia, rom aq gamoTqmulia nayofieri mosazrebebi da 

aRZrulia konceptualuri ideebi, romelTac rusTvelologiuri 

mecnierebisTvis ara mxolod istoriuli, aramed sadReiso aqtualuri 

mniSvnelobac aqvs; aseTebia: rusTaveli da neoplatonizmi; 

vefxistyaosani komparativistuli kvlevis konteqstSi; rusTavelis 

adgili msoflio literaturis istoriaSi; vefxistyaosnis, 

rogorc ideuri da esTetikuri fenomenis, msoflio-istoriuli 

mniSvneloba; rusTaveli da homerosi; rusTaveli da dante; 

rusTaveli da Seqspiri... 

platon ioselianis am rusTvelologiuri naSromis pirveli 

amomwuravi, detaluri daxasiaTeba da zogadi Sefaseba cnobil 

rusTvelologs, gaioz imedaSvils ekuTvnis: `miuxedavad imisa, 

rom misi msjelobani ufro metad usazRvro aRtacebas gamoxata-

ven rusTavelis geniisadmi, vidre mecnierul debulebebs, da maT 

mecnieruli forma ara aqvT, mainc man SesZlo mTeli rigi sakiTxebis 

gadaWraSi obieqturi yofiliyo da istoriul-filologiur 

sakiTxebzedac zogierTi iseTi azri gamoeTqva, rac Semdeg mkvlevarebisaTvis 

mibaZvis sagans warmoadgenda. aseTi siaxle iyo 

rusTavelis saxelTan neoplatonizmis dakavSirebis pirveli 

cda, misi ideologiis garkveva, SoTas religiad kategoriulad 

qristianobis wamoyeneba, poemis saxelwodebis `vefxistyaosnis~ 

etimologiis garkveva, poemis siuJetis wyaros dasaxva arabulmusulmanur 

literaturul garemoSi, vefxistyaosnis originalobis 

Teoria, misi fesvebis qarTul niadagze monaxva, rusTavelis 

Semoqmedebis wyaroebis garkveva da bolos misi mxatvruli Sefaseba 

literaturaTmcodneobis TvalsazrisiT~; mkvlevari yuradRebas 

amaxvilebs pl. ioselianis mosazrebaze: `rusTavelma poeturi 

Seufarda filosofiurs, riTac geniosis saxeli daimsaxura~, 

da kvlav xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom `kidev ufro mniSvnelovania 

pl. ioselianis pirveli cda rusTavelis saxelis dakavSirebisa 

neoplatonizmTan~ (imedaSvili 1941: 40-43), problema, romelic 

wamoyenebidan mravali aTwleulis Semdeg gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria 

rusTvelologiuri mecnierebisTvis. `platon ioselianidan 

dawyebuli, _ wers rusTavelis esTetikis mkvlevari giorgi 

nadiraZe _ rusTavelis mkvlevarTa Sromebs ar Sordeba platonis, 

aristoteles da neoplatonikosTa saxelebi~ (nadiraZe 1958: 

11). am werilis Rirsebebi aRniSna akaki gawereliam (gawerelia 

1936: XXXIV-XXXVI); platon ioselians, rogorc rusTvelologs, 

mieZRvna ioseb megreliZis narkvevi (megreliZe 1970: 77-81) da guram 

SaraZis monografia (SaraZe 1980). 

platon ioselianis naSromi garkveuli gegmiTaa dawerili 

da araTanabari moculobis oc Tavadaa dayofili; es ar aris xelovnuri 

dayofa _ yovel Tavs sakuTari emociuri da inteleqtualuri 

centri aqvs da sxvadasxva sakiTxs exeba. am oc TavSi 

gabneulia TiTqmis yvela is ZiriTadi sakiTxi, romelnic rusTvelologiis 

fundamentur problematikas miekuTvneba: pirveli 

Tavebi rusTavelis biografias exeba, danarCeni – mis Semoqmedebas 

(qvemoT Sesabamisi Tavebi romauli cifrebiTaa aRniSnuli). 

upirveles yovlisa isaa aRsaniSnavi, rom statiis saTaurs 

`SoTa rusTaveli~ axlavs poetis dabadeba-gardacvalebis Tari- 

Rebi _ `1174-1212~, Tumca ucnobia, ris safuZvelzea dadgenili. 

ufro adre, 1853 wels, platon ioseliani rusTavelis gardacvalebis 

TariRad 1215 wels asaxelebs: `SoTa rusTaveli hscxovrobda 

dedoflisa Tamarisa Jamsa, monazonad aRkuecili, gar- 

159

daicvala ierusalimsa 1215 welsa~ (wyobil sityuaoba 1853: 284). 

platon ioselianis adrindeli daTariRebiT rusTaveli 41 wlisa, 

gviandeli daTariRebiT ki 38 wlisa gardacvlila; cxadia, arc 

erTi dasaxelebuli asaki ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos xandazmulobad 

da ise Cans, rom rusTavelis xnovanebis amgvari gansazRvra im ra- 

Rac tradiciuli gadmocemis anareklia, romlis Tanaxmad rusTavels 

moxucis asakamde ar miuRwevia. 

rusTavelis biografiul sakiTxebSi platon ioseliani 

garkveuli TvalsazrisiT Teimuraz bagrationis Sexedulebebs 

iziarebs. saxelis Sesaxeb wers, rom `saxeli SoTa – wminda qarTulia, 

Zalian Zveli, istoriamdeli, rogorc Tavad qarTvelTa 

modgma~, magram ucnobia, ra saxeliT aRikveca berad (I), an romel 

sagvareulos ekuTvnoda. avtori Tvlis, rom rusTaveli mesxia, 

Tumca, misi TqmiT, axalcixis aremareSi ar arsebobs aseTi dasaxelebis 

arc qalaqi da arc sofeli (?! – m.k.), zedwodeba `rusTaveli~ 

ki TbilisTan mdebare rusTavis saxelidan aqvs miRebuli (II); 

SoTa rusTaveli Tamaris meWurWleTuxucesi iyo, ganaTleba saberZneTSi 

– aTensa da rodosze – miiRo, poemidan Cans, rom icoda 

berZnuli, sparsuli da arabuli ena (III-V). aRniSnavs, rom timoTe 

mitropolitma (gabaSvilma) XVII saukuneSi ierusalimis jvris 

monasterSi naxa misi saflavi da kedlis `portreti~, romelzec igi 

beris ZaZiT mosilia (`в власянице подвижника~) (NB! – m.k.) daxatuli. 

platon ioseliani SoTa rusTavelis pirovnebis daxasiaTebisas 

sagangebod amaxvilebs yuradRebas, rom poeti Rrmadmorwmune 

qristiania da am savsebiT swor azrs sxvadasxva konteqstSi sxvadasxva 

variaciiT mravaljer imeorebs. 

platon ioseliani aviTarebs vaxtangisgan momdinare mar- 

Tebul debulebas, rom vefxistyaosani originaluri Txzulebaa 

da vefxistyaosnis savaraudo wyaros sakiTxsac ayenebs: misi azriT, 

rusTavelis poema arabTagan nasesxebi raindTa romanisa Tu 

moTxrobis mibaZvaa, magram mas aravisgan – arc berZenTagan, arc 

romaelTagan _ ar usesxnia Tavisi epopeis arc stili da arc Tema: 

`poet rusTavels Tavisi epopeis arc stili da arc sagani arc 

erTi berZeni an romaeli mwerlisgan ar usesxia. sagani misi poemisa 

raindTa romanisa Tu moTxrobis mibaZvaa, nasesxebi arabTagan, 

aRmosavlel xalifaTa karisgan, romelnic mis dros inteleqtualur 

da literaturul nawarmoebTa da kacobriobis inteleqtis 

saganZurTa erTaderTi mcvelni iyvnen~. 

rusTvelologiuri mecnierebis istoriidan cnobilia, rom 

vefxistyaosnis siuJetis raobis _ originalobisa Tu nasesxobis 

_ sakiTxi wminda filologiur ZiebaTa sferos gascda da ideolo- 

160

giur sakiTxad _ qarTuli erovnuli TviTmyofadobis, erovnuli 

Rirsebis _ sakiTxad iqca. platoni ioselianisTvis vefxistyaosani 

a priori originaluri nawarmoebia da Tavisi logika aqvs, Tu 

ratom uwoda rusTavelma Tavisi poemis ambavs `sparsuli~. èse ambavi 

sparsuli~ man tarielis vefxis tyavis samoss daukavSira da 

ambis sakiTxi am garegnuli niSniT SemosazRvra: mas formaluri 

niSniT ganmartavs, rogorc sparsuli warmomavlobis detals da 

am Taviseburi logikiT akavSirebs erTmaneTTan saTaurs da poemis 

ambis viTomc sparsul warmomavlobas: `saxelwodeba `vefxistyaosani~ 

_ wers platon ioseliani _ ukve sparsulia. `Sah-namedan~, 

anu mefeTa wignidan, cnobilia, rom Zveli sparselebi ukanaskneli 

xosros dromde vefxis tyavs icvamdnen~. platon ioselianiseuli 

logika cxadia: radgan `Sah-names~ gmirebi vefxis tyavs icvamdnen 

da tarielsac aseTi samosi acvia, amitom uwoda avtorma poemas 

`vefxistyosani~ (unda aRvniSnoT, rom Semdgomi Taobebis rusTvelologebic 

xSirad axseneben `Sah-names~ personaJTa vefxis 

tyavis samoss rusTavelis poemasTan dakavSirebiT, magram ukve 

rogorc garkveul sabuTs vefxistyaosnis siuJetis sparsuli warmomavlobis 

dasamtkiceblad (abulaZe 1967: 86, 91-92, 112, 124, 190, 

191). sinamdvileSi ki – dabejiTebiT ambobs pl. ioseliani _ SoTa 

rusTaveli, ùwodebda ra Tavis Txzulebas sparsulidan naTargmns, 

am saxelwodebiTa da `sparsulidan naTargmanebis~ mokrZalebuli 

sityvebiT surda daefara maRali mniSvneloba Tavisi 

geniisa, romelmac Seqmna originaluri poema, romelic rogorc 

calkeulSi, ise mTlianobaSi inarCunebs Tavis damoukideblobas~ 

(VII); `mis samagaliTo, dRemde miubaZav leqsebSi warmodgenilia 

aRmosavluri raindobis epopea, omi da siyvaruli~ (VIII) – wers platon 

ioseliani, radgan Zvelad raindobas – am wminda qristianul 

instituts – ratomRac aRmosavleTs ukavSirebdnen. 

`mravali Taobis manZilze rusTavelis suli madliT da 

sikeTiT dastrialebda Tavs saqarTvelos samefos. vefxistyaosnis 

xelnawerebi yvela saxlSi hqondaT~ (VI); rusTvelologTa gansakuTrebuli 

yuradReba am meeqvse Tavma miipyro, sadac platon 

ioseliani poemis sam uZveles xelnawerze mogviTxrobs da maT 

mecnieruli keTilsindisierebiT detalurad aRwers. am sami xelnaweridan 

mxolod erTia napovni: es swored is xelnaweria, romlis 

Sesaxebac TviT platon ioseliani iuwyeboda: ès wigni `vefxis 

tyaosani~ gadaeca saCuqrad Tavad m. s. voroncovs Tavad aleqsandre 

orbelianisgan 1853 wlis 1 seqtembers~; orbelianTa ojaxma 

mTavarmarTeblisTvis misi gadacema platon ioselians sTxova. 

dRes am xelnawers rusTvelologebi zazaseuls uwodeben (1082), 

161

igi ioseb Tbilelis mieraa gadawerili da misi tragikuli peripetiebiT 

aRbeWdili istoria sagangebod gamoikvlia giorgi leoniZem 

(leoniZe 1957: 187-280). `magram dResdReobiT ar Cans ori 

uZvelesi xelnaweri, romelTa Sesaxeb cnobebi moepoveba cnobil 

istorikoss platon ioselians~ _ gulistkiviliT wers akaki Sani- 

Ze da dasZens: `me imedi maqvs, rom es ori xelnaweri ar aris daRupuli, 

sadRac aris da mikvleva unda~ (SaniZe 1966: 64-65). 

platon ioseliani im faqtsac aqcevs yuradRebas, rom `Tamar 

mefis, xalxisa da enis ganmadidebelma poemam Cvens dReebamde dacemis 

droindeli literaturis xelnawerebiT moaRwia~ (sainteresoa, 

korneli kekeliZiseuli termini `dacemis xanis lite-ratura~ 

platon ioselianis am gamoTqmidan xom ar iRebs dasabams?); igi 

kritikulad afasebs vefxistyaosnis pirvel gamocemebs da poemis 

teqstis kritikis TvalsazrisiT gamoTqvams saR mecnierul azrs: 

`dro, ueWvelia, gawmends am narevs da aRadgens uZveles teqsts~. 

am SeniSvniT platon ioseliani, faqtobrivad, dRevandeli terminiT 

rom vTqvaT, teqstologiis sakiTxs ayenebs da ganagrZobs: 

àmiT gaswordeba poemisa da poetis gamomcemelTa da SemsworebelTa 

Secdoma~, rac poemis teqstis damdgenTa maRal pasuxismgeblobas 

gulisxmobs. Tavisi azris naTelsayofad avtors nimuSad 

mohyavs erTi Zveli ambavi: `Cven ar vusurvebdiT rusTavels im xvedrs, 

romelic wilad xvda homerosis simRerebs aTenSi literaturuli 

gemovnebis dacemis xanaSi. aTenSi gemovnebis daqveiTebisas 

gamoCnda ìliadisa~ da òdiseis~ ori teqsti. teqstis Semsworebeli 

imavdroulad wignis gamyidvelic iyo. poeti iliarqi Sevida 

wignis gamyidvelTan da hkiTxa, aqvs Tu ara homerosis Txzuleba. 

wignis gamyidvelis SekiTxvaze _ `romel teqsts inebebT?~ _ iliarqma 

(ase uwodeben qarTul wignebSi da ara plutarqesTan) miugo: 

`nuTu arsebobs homerosis sxva teqsti?~ _ àris _ erTi namdvil 

dednad miCneuli da meore _ Cemi Sesworebuli~. _ àm SromisaTvis 

miiReT raime jildo aTenelTagan?~ _ hkiTxa iliarqma. _ àraviTari~ 

_ upasuxa wignis gamyidvelma. axalgazrda poetma sila 

gaawna da uTxra: ài Tqveni jildo!~ (XII). 

homerosis rangis geniosTa bedi msgavsia: maT bevri `Tanaavtori~ 

da `redaqtori~ uCndebaT; vefxistyaosnis xelnawerebi da 

gamocemebi am viTarebis metyveli ilustraciaa. platon ioselianis 

mier am sakiTxze yuradRebis gamaxvileba maradi gafrTxilebaa 

genialuri poemis teqstis damdgenTaTvis. 

platon ioselianis – am didi eruditis – damsaxurebaa, rom 

rusTavelis msoflmxedveloba neoplatonizms daukavSira, Tumca 

isic unda iTqvas, rom rusTvelologiis fuZemdebelma vaxtang 

162

meqvsem Tavis `TargmanSi~ poemaSi moxseniebuli `divnosis~ _ 

fsevdo-dionise areopagelis – mimarT yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT 

es kavSiri adreve SeniSna. platon ioseliani rusTavelis mier neoplatonuri 

filosofiis codnas Semdegnairad ganmartavs: ùeWvelia, 

rom rusTavels berZnuli ena SeeZlo eswavla aTenSi..., da 

rodoszec, sadac am epoqaSi yvaoda mecniereba neoplatonikosTa 

sistemiT~ (V). manve aRniSna vefxistyaosanSi filosofiuri nakadis 

arseboba: `filosofia da mWevrmetyveleba Tanabrad amSveneben 

poemis – literaturis taZris – maRal azrebs~ (XI). 

sayuradReboa, rom man vefxistyaosnis Seqmnis ganmapirobebeli 

safuZvlebis sakiTxic dasva: `saidan gaCnda es pirveli sididis 

mnaTobi qarTul literaturaSi?~ da iqve gasca pasuxi: 

`rusTaveli ar SeiZleba yofiliyo minerva, romelic iupiteris 

Tavidan iSva, rogorc RvTaebrivi gonis simbolo~. am pasuxis mniSvneloba 

miT ufro mZafrdeba, rom ramdenime aTwleulis Semdeg 

vefxistyaosani moulodnelad gamoCenil meteors Seadares. platon 

ioselianis ganmarteba ki aseTia: `poetebad ibadebian (poetae 

nescuntar), rusTavelma, poetad dabadebulma, garSemo civilizebuli 

xalxi aRmoaCina~; ueWvelia, rusTavels `hyavda winamorbedni 

da hqonda nimuSebi~ (XIV): avtori aq arsebiTad sasuliero literaturas 

gulisxmobs. 

Semdeg TavSi platon ioseliani rusTavelis fenomenis 

warmoSobas XII saukuneSi saqarTvelos maRali civilizebulobiT 

ganmartavs: `maRali civilizacia am qveyanaSi misi poetis epoqaSi 

mxolod materialuri ki ara, aramed par exellance zneobrivi iyo. 

swavluli politikosebi amboben, rom xalxis yofierebis swored 

am ori mxaris SerwymaSi mdgomareobs WeSmariti civilizacia~ (XV). 

platon ioselianma sagangebod gaxaza vefxistyaosnis erovnuli 

mniSvneloba, rogorc saerTo-saxalxo wignisa: garda imisa, 

rom ès sanimuSo poema Tavisi gaCenisa Tu gamoCenis dRidan poet- 

TaTvis nimuSad iqca~, amave dros ès poema xalxisTvis misi sulis 

teleskopia~, radgan `siyvarulis, silamazis, heroizmis, simamacis 

ideebi ganfenilia am gonebiT atmosferoSi, romliTac sunTqaven 

jadosnuri qveynis mkvidrni~. rusTavelis Txzuleba mxolod 

maRali sazogadoebis ki ara, mTeli eris sulieri sazrdoa: `mas 

izepirebdnen da imeorebdnen qalaqebSic, didebulTa cixe-koSkebSic, 

soflelTa qoxebSic, mefeTa palatebSic da mefis taxt- 

Tanac~ (XI). `qalaqebi – cixe-koSkebi – palatebi – taxti~ impliciturad 

maRal sazogadoebas gulisxmobs da am mwkrivSi TiTqos 

xelovnurad da SemTxveviTaa CarTuli `soflelTa qoxebi~, rac 

dabal fenebs gulisxmobs. am sakiTxze msjeloba aq wydeba, xangr- 

163

Zlivi pauzaa da platon ioseliani SesaniSnav kompoziciur svlas 

akeTebs: ramdenime Tavis Semdeg igi mkiTxvels, rogorc mowme da 

TviTmxilveli, warudgens faqts, rom zemoT `soflelTa qoxebi~ 

STabeWdilebis mosaxdenad ar uxsenebia, rom `soflur qoxebSic~ 

etrfian rusTavels da izepireben vefxistyaosans. `1867 wlis seqtemberSi 

– wers platon ioseliani _ bazaleTSi qorwilze stumrad 

dampatiJes... didi ojaxis ufrosi, ukve xnieri... sityvas gvawyvetinebda 

rusTavelis poemis epizodebiT... manve miTxra, rom maT 

are-mareSi ar aris sofeli, rusTavelis saxeli rom ar icodnen~ 

(XV). rogorc WeSmariti istorikosi, platon ioseliani konkretul 

faqts mimarTavs, raTa mkiTxvelisTvis cxadi da damajerebeli 

gaxdes, rom saqarTveloSi vefxistyaosani marTlac saxalxo 

wignia, rac ase iSviaTia msoflio literaturis istoriaSi. mravlismetyvelia, 

rom am ambis aRweras platon ioseliani saxarebiseuli 

fraziT amTavrebs: `da naTeli igi bnelsa Sina Cans, da bneli 

igi mas ver ewia~ (ioane 1,5). 

dRes winaswarmetyvelurad JRers platon ioselianis sityvebi: 

`veraviTari manqanebi ver Seqmnian verc ideebs, verc grZnobebs, 

romelnic xalxebs da samefoebs didebisa da bednierebisken waru- 

ZRvebian. mxolod sityviT – rogorc sulis gamoxatulebiT – ganizomeba 

da ganisazRvreba moqalaqeobriobis ganviTarebis xarisxi~ 

(XV). platon ioselianma sulieri Rirebulebani yovelive amqveyniurze 

maRla daayena; misi progresuli poziciis nimuSad ismis sityvebi: 

`rusTavelis dideba mefeTa da mxedarTmTavarTa didebas 

aRemateba~ da pirvelia, vinc SoTa rusTavelis msoflio mniSvnelobaze 

dasabuTebuli azri gamoTqva: `gonebrivi gmirobis amgvari 

nayofi aris ara erTi xalxis – didisa Tu mciris – sakuTreba, 

aramed mTeli kacobriobisa. saxelebi did adamianTa, ... romelnic 

xels uwyoben kacobriobis winsvlas mecnieruli Tu xelovnebis 

nawarmoebebiT – msoflios matianeebSi iwereba~ (XI). 

mTeli kacobriobis progresisTvis xelis Sewyoba – es marTlac 

zusti orientiri da kriteriumia rusTavelis msoflio mniSvnelobis 

Sesafaseblad, romelic platon ioselianma ase brwyinvaled 

daaformula. 

mravalmxriv sagulisxmoa, rom platon ioseliani rusTavels, 

rogorc Semoqmeds, evropuli literaturis fonze ganixilavs 

da udides poetebTan avlebs paralels _ homerosiT dawyebuli 

da baironiT damTavrebuli. esenia: homerosi (VIII s. Cv. wmde), 

Teokrite (III s. Cv. w-mde), horaciusi (65 w. Cv. w-mde), Tibuli 

(50-iani ww. Cv. w-mde), dante aligieri (1265-1321), petrarka (1304- 

1374), torkvato taso (1544-1595), Seqspiri (1564-1616), jon mil- 

164

toni (1608-1674), baironi (1788-1824). sayuradReboa, rom es rigi 

qronologiurad evropuli literaturis mravalsaukunovan istorias 

moicavs – iwyeba homerosiT da mTavrdeba platon ioselianis 

Tanamedrove baironiT. isic unda aRvniSnoT, rom statiaSi 

moxseniebulia àmadisi~ _ XIV saukunis popularuli rainduli 

romanis àmadis galelis~ mTavri gmiri, romelic aserigad uyvarda 

servantesis don kixots. gasaocari mxolod is aris, rom 

platon ioselianma ver SeniSna vefxistyaosnis msgavseba evropul 

raindul romanTan. sxvaTa Soris, am SedarebebSi statiis avtoris 

mentalitetic gamoCnda: mas arc antimonarqisti miltoni moswons 

da arc meamboxe sulis baironi. meore mxriv, man zustad ganWvrita 

rusTavelis filosofiuri azrovnebis siRrme da daukavSira iseT 

diad saxelebs, rogorebicaa dante da Seqspiri. 

platon ioselianis es masStaburi, maxvili mecnieruli da 

natifi esTetikuri TvalTaxedviT SeniSnuli Sedarebani imdenad 

STambeWdavia, rom sjobs Tavad avtoris sityvebi davimowmoT: 

`poeti miendo religias da WeSmaritebis, sikeTisa da silamazis 

idealebi hpova qristianobasa da saeklesio sagaloblebSi. 

am mxriv is pirquS baironze maRla dgas, tasoze wmindaa, petrarkaze 

naTelia da miltonsa da danteze zneobrivi~ (VI); `misi ambis 

mSveniereba Teokrites mwyemsur ambebze ufro grZnobieria. masSi 

meti elegia da sinazea, vidre TibulTan, TavgadasavalTa ambebi 

sjobs da ufro sainteresoa, vidre amadisisa~ (VIII); èvropa, ukve 

qristianuli, samarTlianad amayobs sami epikuri poetis saxeliT, 

romelnic Sua saukuneTaTvis igiveni iyvnen, rac homerosi saberZneTis 

olimpisTvis. esenia dante, taso da miltoni, magram isini 

erTmaneTs baZavdnen, yoveli Semdgomi Tavisi winamorbedisgan sesxulobda 

Txrobis xerxs. rusTavelma maTze adre Tqva Tavisi sim- 

Rera da Tavad iyo misi Semoqmedi, adida ena da ukvdavhyo STamomavalTaTvis. 

ar meSinia Zraxvisa, Tuki Tamamad vityvi, rom rusTavelis 

ena ufro maRla dgas, vidre ena dantesi, tasosi da miltonisa. 

sityvaTa da azrTa mdinareba poetur aRmafrenaSi ar brkoldeba 

arc riTmaSi, arc Txrobis saganSi, arc epizodebSi. poetis aRmafrena 

Tanabari da ucvlelia. horaciusma Tqva homerosze: quandoquidem 

et divus Homerus dormant (zogjer RvTaebriv homerossac sZinavs). 

rusTavelze amis Tqma SeuZlebelia. mis sagalobelTa Cangi 

marad da Tanabrad JRers~ (IX); `Tavis aRmafrenaSi medin, moqnil, 

mis riTmaTaTvis morCil, TavisTavad aRCenil sityvaTa frTebiT 

igi zogjer filosofosadac gvevlineba, romelic, msgavsad Seqspirisa, 

gangvimartavs cxovrebas da mis gamovlinebebs adamianTa 

sazogadoebaSi da saerTod bunebaSi~ (X); `poetTa mamis droidan 

165

aironamde poetis xvedri – tanjva da galobaa~ (XIII). 

da bolos, rogorc daskvna: àmrigad, rusTavelis kalmiT da 

funjiT sityva mZlavri da Zlieri Seiqna. am sityvis siZlierem is 

qmna, rom rusTavelis saxeli poetis ki ara, poeziis saxelia~ (XVII). 

* * * 

platon ioseliani erTaderTi rusTvelologiuri naSromis 

avtoria, magram es naSromi imdenad Rrma da masStaburia, imden 

mniSvnelovan Temas aRZravs pirdapir Tu qveteqsturad – magali- 

Tad, rusTavelis intuituri dakavSireba evropuli renesansis titanebTan 

– rom mxolod rusTvelologiis istoriis kuTvnileba 

ar aris: igi ufro aqtiurad unda Semovides rusTvelologiur 

kvleva-ZiebaSi, risTvisac misi qarTulad Targmna da gamoqveyneba 

aucilebelia. 

* * * 

P.S. Tbilisidan mcxeTamde mogzaurobis CanawerebSi platon 

ioselians mohyavs laTinuri palindromi: Sator apero tenet 

opera rotas, rac niSnavs: `me movdivar msajulis maxviliT~ 

(ioseliani 1871: 74). Cemi azriT, am moxdenil frazas figuraluri 

Sinaarsis datevac SeuZlia: platon ioselianma Tavisi grandiozuli 

erudiciisa da maxvili gonebis wyalobiT sworad gansaja 

vefxistyaosnis avtoris adgili msoflio literaturis olimpze 

da rusTaveli homerosis, dantesa da Seqspiris gverdiT daayena. 

* * * 

P.P.S. platon ioselianis mier am 129 wlis win dawerili werili 

pirveli realuri cdaa vefxistyaosnis msoflio literaturis _ 

upiratesad evropuli literaturis _ fonze Sefasebisa, rogorc 

msoflio mniSvnelobis Sedevrisa. am viTarebaSi damafiqrebelia 

Cven dReebSi gamoTqmuli aprioruli mosazreba, TiTqos saqarTveloSi 

dadga `vefxistyaosnis civilizaciis dasasruli~, radgan 

`dRevandeli dRe nacionaluri narativis nacvlad sxva politikur 

Tu kulturul koniunqturas gvTavazobs. amitomac, rusTavelis 

poema Cven Tvalwin oden literaturul teqstad iqca~. amgvari 

fsevdoprofesiuli msjeloba _ dafuZnebuli sabWoTa periodis 

ideologizirebul rusTvelologiaze da ara rusTavelis 

poemis WeSmariti arsis Ziebaze _ zerele, calmxrivi da alogikuria: 

vefxistyaosnis mniSvneloba nacionaluri politikuri Tu 

kulturuli koniunqturebiT araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar ganisaz- 

Rvreba, amitomac kidev ufro aqtualuria platon ioselianis 

166

formula, romlis Tanaxmad vefxistyaosnis msoflio-istoriuli 

mniSvneloba im kriteriumiT unda Sefasdes, Tu ra wvlili Seitana 

rusTavelma kacobiobis progresul ganviTarebaSi. rodesac 

es gairkveva, maSin aRmoCndeba, rom vefxistyaosnis civilizacia 

iseve usasruloa, rogorc civilizacia kacobriobisa. 

damowmebani: 

abulaZe 1967: abulaZe i. rusTvelologiuri naSromebi. krebuli Seadgina da 

gamosacemad moamzada ioseb megreliZem, Tb.: 1967, 

baramiZe 1978: Барамидзе А. А., Ватейшвили Д. А. П. И. Иоселиани. Очерк жизни и 

общественной деятельности. Тб.: «Мецниереба», 1978. 

gawerelia 1936: gawarelia a. platon ioseliani. cxovreba giorgi mecametisa. akaki 

gawerelias Sesavali weriliT, redaqciiTa da SeniSvnebiT. tfilisi: 1936. 

imedaSvili 1941: imedaSvili g. rusTvelologia. istoriul-kritikuli mimoxilva. 

Tb.: 1941. 

ioseliani 1870: Иоселиани П. Шота Руставели. – gaz. Кавказ, # 13, 1870. 

ioseliani 1871: Путевые заметки от Тифлиса до Мцхеты Платона Иоселиани. Тифлис: 1871. 

leoniZe 1957: leoniZe g. vefxistyaosnis axali xelaweri. _ wignSi: giorgi leoniZe. 

gamokvlevebi da werilebi. Tb.: 1957. 

maxaTaZe 1964: maxaTaZe n. platon ioseliani da Zveli mwerlobis sakiTxebi. _ kr. 

Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis sakiTxebi. t. II, Tb.: 1964. 

megreliZe 1970: megreliZe i. rusTvelologebi. Tb.: 1970. 

nadiraZe 1958: nadiraZe g. rusTavelis esTetika. Tb.: 1958. 

SaniZe 1966: SaniZe a. vaxtangiseuli `vefxis tyaosani~. wignSi: akaki SaniZe. vefxis 

tyaosnis sakiTxebi. 1. Tb.: 1966: 

SaraZe 1980: SaraZe g. platon ioseliani – rusTvelologi. Tb.: 1980. 

wyobilsityvaoba 1853: wyobil sityuaoba qmnili antonisagan piruelisa 

kaTolikos-patriarxisa yovlisa saqarTveloÁsa. tfilisi: 1853. 

Mariam Karbelashvili 

“Each Georgian Knows What is the Book “Knight in the Panther’s Skin” 

To 200th Anniversary of Platon Ioseliani’s Birth 

Summary 

Platon Ioseliani (1809-1875), the prominernt historian, was the outstanding 

scientist and public figure, one of the brilliant representatives of Georgian 

intellectuals of the 19th century. This was the time, when in Georgia “European- 

Russian new progressive ideas and thoughts are easily accepted” and the entire 

pleiad of brilliantly educated Georgians “vastly bring and disseminate in Georgian 

new knowledge, new vivid ideas” (K. Kekelidze), on the basis of this new discipline 

_ Kartvelology was created. Platon Ioseliani, “very educated and well-known 

scientists, who was called the philosopher by the contemporaries” (A. Shanidze), 

was one of the founders of this discipline. The sphere of interests of this scientist 

with the encyclopedic education is very wide and his works are still very significant 

167

for the researchers of various spheres. 

Fantastic encyclopedic education of Platon Ioseliani is indeed unique: it is 

not surprising that this Georgian intellectual of the first half of 19th century is well 

aware in antique literature, but as we shall see later, in discussing of the article 

dedicated to Rustaveli, he knows very well the Western European literature, 

starting from Dante to Byron, his contemporary and, as one can see from the details 

of comparison, he not only knows, but he is well aware in peculiarities of works 

of individual writers. The main thing is that in the context of world literature, in 

discussing and assessment of Rustaveli’s poem, he has set the apparently European 

landmarks. 

Though Platon Ioseliani has published only one single article about Shota 

Rustaveli, in Russian language, he is one of the distinguished representatives of the 

brilliant pleiad of Rustaveli researchers. 

On 10th January 1870, in the 13th issue of newspaper “Кавказ” (“Caucasus”) 

there was published Platon Ioseliani’s article about Rustaveli and it is the subject 

of special interest of Rustaveli researchers. It offers fruitful considerations and 

conceptual ideas, which, for Rustaveli researchers, is of significance, not only in 

historical but also in present-day respect; these are: Rustaveli and Neo-platonism; 

Knight in the Panther’s Skin in the comparative research context; Rustaveli’s place 

in the history of world literature; world-historic significance of the Knight in the 

Panther’s Skin as ideological and aesthetic phenomenon; Rustaveli and Homer; 

Rustaveli and Dante; Rustaveli and Shakespeare. 

168

manana kvataia 

`mcire mosakiTxi SoTa rusTavels: 

`msgavsi Tqveni ramca meZRvna..~ 

es mokrZalebuli sityvebi Aaqvs epigrafad 1966 wels rusTvelis 

800 wlis saiubileod parizSi gamocemul Jurnal `kavkasionis~ 

sagangebo, XI nomers, romlis unikaluri masalebi genialuri poetis 

erTgvari mcire enciklopediacaa. publikaciebis umetesoba 

TviT redaqtoris, viqtor nozaZis kalams ekuTvnis, rac gamocemis 

Rirebulebas zrdis. 

xelovnebisa da mecnierebis Jurnali `kavkasioni~ 1929 wlis 

ianvar-TebervalSi parizSi daarsda. mis saTaveebTan eqvTime TayaiSvilTan 

erTad qarTveli moswavle-axalgazrdobis erovnuli 

gaerTianeba idga. Jurnalis pirvelive nomris deklaraciaSi vkiTxulobT: 

ùcxoeTSi gadaxvewili qarTveli sazogadoeba moklebuli 

iyo iseT gamocemas, romelSic sityva kazmuli, mxatvruli da 

mecnieruli – daisadgurebda.. dro da brZola saqarTvelos TavisuflebisaTvis 

gvibrZanebs: gaismodes Tavisufali sityva, 

saqarTveloSi rom xiStzea wamogebuli. krebuli asrulebs am 

brZanebas~. `kavkasioni~ bolomde am sityvebis erTguli darCa. 

1964-1973 wlebSi mas viqtor nozaZe redaqtorobda, romlis 

uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT Jurnalma axal simaRleebs miaRwia. 

1966 wlis saiubileo `kavkasioni~ yvela sxva nomrisagan 

gamorCeulia. mas rusTavelis portretebic amSvenebs. Jurnalis 

pirvelive publikacia _ emigranti poetis, giorgi gamyreliZis 

leqsi `planetebis simfonia~ ukvdav mgosans eZRvneba. saocrad 

STambeWdavia TviT viqtor nozaZis “SoTa rusTavels”, romlis 

yoveli sityva geniosisadmi mecnieris udidesi mowiwebisa da siyvarulis 

gamJRavnebacaa. “Sen brZandebi mflobeli qarTuli mxatvruli 

geniisa. da qarTveli eri amiT aris mojadoebuli. Sen br- 

Zandebi didi musikosi qarTuli sityvisa. da qarTveli eri Seni 

musikiT aris monusxuli!.. Sen brZandebi maxarobeli sikeTis gamarjvebisa. 

da qarTvel ers swams sikeTis gamarjveba!.. amitom brZandebiT 

Sen da qarTveli eri ganuyofeli, ganuSorebeli, ganuyreli. 

Tqven icocxleT marad Jams, icocxleT ukuniTi ukunisamde!.. sanam 

mze mzeobs da es msoflio cocxlobs!” (nozaZe 1966: 11) – ai, mcire 

fragmenti am vrceli dialogidan. 

viqtor nozaZis publikaciebis gverdiT saiubileo krebul- 

Si dabeWdilia rusTvelisadmi miZRvnili r. arseniZis, a. papavas, 

al. SaTiriSvilis, al. manveliSvilis, g. wereTlis, g. gamyreliZis 

169

gamokvlevebi, imave g. gamyreliZis, g. yifianis, e. abulaZis leqsebi. 

Cveni interesis sagani amjerad 1966 wlis `kavkasionis~ is publikaciebia, 

romlebic viqtor nozaZis kalams ekuTvnis. maTi umetesoba 

`vefxistyaosnis~ calkeuli striqonis Tu sadavo adgilebis 

ganmartebas eZRvneba. am fundamenturi statiebis gaxseneba ukeT 

warmoaCens emigraciaSi moRvawe cnobili rusTvelologis Rvawls 

genialuri poemis SeswavlaSi. isini sainteresoa ara mxolod mecnierebis, 

aramed rigiTi mkiTxvelebisa da poemis ucxour enebze 

mTargmnelTaTvis. 

v. nozaZis pirvelive samecniero naSromis epigrafia: `vinc 

miemTxueodeT, Sendobasa hyofdeT CuenTvis, RmrTisaTvis gevedrebi, 

ufalno Cemno, da Tu sadame tyuili naxoT, wyevasa nu hyofT, 

uwyis ufalman, friadiTa krZalviTa da gulis modginebiTa aRvswere 

(Zveli xelnaweridan)~. vfiqrobT, es mravlismTqmeli sityvebi 

TviT mecnieris kredos gamomxatvelicaa. amave werils meore meore 

epigrafic aqvs: `zogadi kuTvnileba WeSmarit literaturisa 

– gulwrfelobaa, uboroto ganzraxvaa, sindisianobaa, pirmoufereblobaa~ 

(ilia WavWavaZe). es sityvebic simbolurad Tavad v. nozaZis 

mecnierul mrwamss exmianeba. 

gamokvleva, romlis saTauria àm saqmesa dafarulsa brZeni 

divnos gaacxadebs”, nozaZes 1962 wlis seqtemberSi madridSi dauweria 

da is `brZeni divnosis~ vinaobis garkvevas eZRvneba. statia- 

Si gaanalizebulia qarTvel da evropel mecnierTa mosazrebebi 

am sakiTxze, Sefasebulia maTi dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi mxareebi. 

fundamenturi kvlevis Sedegad v. nozaZe daaskvnis: `vefxistyaosanSi 

dasaxelebuli “divnosi” aris dionisios areopageli, qristiani 

Teologosi da filosofosi.. mTeli misi azrovneba aris, 

rasakvirvelia, qristianuli filosofiisa, rac vefxistyaosnis 

msoflmxedvelobas asazrdoebs~ (nozaZe 1966: 17). aqve mkvlevari 

arkvevs sakiTxs: ra kavSiri SeiZleba arsebobdes 1492-e Sairis `divnoss~ 

da 177-e Sairis `dionoss~ Soris? (es kiTxva Tavis droze 

n. marsac gasCenia). v. nozaZe am pirebis identobas uaryofs, argumenti 

ki aseTia: `177-e SairSi `dionosi~-s mier TiTqos naTqvami 

fsiqologiuri debuleba `divnosis~ anu dionise areopagelis 

TxzulebebSi arsad gvxvdeba.. ese igi `dionosi~ ar aris dionise 

areopageli~ (nozaZe 1966: 20). 

Semdegi publikacia àm saqmesa memowmebis dionisi, brZeni 

ezros~ viqtor nozaZes 1960 wlis agvistoSi dauweria, 1965 wlis 

maisSi ki Seuvsia. werili mravalmxrivaa sayuradRebo: dionisisa 

da ezros vinaobis garkvevisaTvis mkvlevars safuZvlianad Seuswavlia 

dionise areopagelis, dionisi alikarnaselis, ezras, poet 

170

ezrosis, aseve ibn ezras (moses ben iakob) da meore ibn ezras (abraham 

ben meir) biografiebi da moRvaweoba, saguldagulod dauZebnia 

`vefxistyaosnis~ xelnawerebSi dafiqsirebuli `dionisis~ variantuli 

nair-wakiTxvani: divanose, dionisi, dionise, divanosi, devanosi, 

dionos. amas garda, v. nozaZes gauanalizebia vaxtang meeqvsis, 

Teimuraz batoniSvilis, d. CubinaSvilis, d. kariWaSvilis, S. 

nucubiZis Sexedulebani dionisisa da ezrosis Sesaxeb. nozaZe maTgan 

gansxvavebul mosazrebas gvTavazobs. is qarTvel mecnierebs 

Seaxsenebs sityva `divan~-is mniSvnelobas, romelic, misi TqmiT, 

iranuli (SeiZleba asiriuli) warmomavlobisa iyos da sias, nusxas, 

registrs niSnavs. èzras~ semantikis dazustebisaTvis v. noza- 

Zes Seuswavlia me-11 saukunis espaneli ebraeli poetis, ibn ezras 

(moses ben iakobis) pesimisturi religiuri leqsebi, romelTa analizis 

Sedegad mkvlevari daaskvnis, rom mas rusTavelTan saerTo 

araferi unda hqondes. mogvianebiT espaneTSi mcxovrebi meore ibn 

ezras (abraham ben meir) _ poetis, filosofosis, didad cnobili 

ebraeli mecnieris _ biografiisa da Semoqmedebis analizis Semdeg 

nozaZe kiTxulobs: ra unda hqondes saerTo rusTavelTan mis 

msgavs kacs, `maradiul ebraels, romelmac ar icis Tavisi wowialisa 

da xetialis dasasruli da arc egeba mas mosveneba qveynis 

dasasrulamde?~. mecnieris azriT, mis àrc erT leqss araviTari 

damokidebuleba ara aqvs vefxistyaosnis SairTan 177” (nozaZe 1966: 

32). viqtor nozaZis dakvirvebiT, rusTavelis poemis am striqonSi 

unda wavikiTxoT èzros~ (zmnuri forma) da ara “ezra” (sakuTari 

saxeli). sityva `dionoss~ ki, misi azriT, mkvlevrebma Sinaarsi 

Seucvales. am sakiTxis sabolood gadawyvetas v. nozaZe momavlis 

mecnierebs miandobs. 

Semdeg statiaSi, romlis saTauria: `viT katasa, vxocdi lomsa~, 

mkvlevari sityva `katas~ mniSvnelobas ganmartavs: àrabuli 

sityva `kata~ kakabTa erT jiSs, udabnos qaTams niSnavs, romelic 

durajTaA ojaxis warmomadgenelia” (nozaZe 1966: 33). es frinvelebi 

_ katebi _ Turme gund-gundad dafrinaven da ician, udabnoSi sad 

aris wyali. kata siarulis moxdenilobiTac ganTqmuli yofila. am 

swraf da frTxil frinvels silis qaTams, `kldis mtreds~ uwodebeno, 

_ vkiTxulobT werilSi. 

`kavkasionSi~ miTiTebulia, rom gamokvleva `leopardus, 

panTera, tigr, vefxi~ viqtor nozaZes 1961 wels madridSi dauweria. 

am werilSi mecnieri poemis rusul, ukrainul, germanul, inglisur, 

frangul, italiur TargmnebSi arsebul `vefxis~ Sesatyvisebs 

eZebs da daaskvnis, rom maTSi es sityva oTxi variantiT aris warmodgenili: 

bars, panTera, leopard, tigr. magram aris ki `vefxi~ 

171

marTlac `tigr~? am sakiTxis garkvevisaTvis v. nozaZe bibliis 

qarTul Targmans da Cveni Zveli originaluri mwerlobis 

Zeglebs mimarTavs. Sua saukuneebis evropuli poeziis nimuSebis 

monacemebis gaanalizebiT mkvlevari daaskvnis: 1. panTera aris 

`vefxi~; 2. `panTera~ _ `vefxi~ simboloa silamazisa; 3. is simboloa 

qalbatonisa, satrfosi; 4. is religiuri simboloa. v. nozaZis 

dakvirvebiT, `vefxistyaosanSi~ panTera silamazis simboloa – saxe 

qalbatonisa da is sruliad ar waagavs evropuli Sua saukuneebis 

mwerlobis panTeras, mas misticizmTan araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs. 

misi azriT, evropul enebze `vefxi~ aris `panTera~ da ucxo enebze 

am sityviT unda iTargmnos (`panTeras~ marjori uordropic 

iyenebdao). 

1966 wlis `kavkasionis~ Semdegi publikacia: `brunavs, viTa 

tanajori~ viqtor nozaZes 1964 wels ciurixSi dauweria. mecnieri 

ganmartavs sityva `tanajors~, romelic vaxtang meeqvses erTi 

wlis jorad, Teimuraz batoniSvils ki momcro da swrafad mbrunav 

jorad gauazrebia. n. mars aq somxuri sityva `jorjik~ _ WriWina 

uvaraudia, d. kariWaSvils ki buziviT mweri, iseve, rogorc i. abulaZes, 

k. WiWinaZes, s. kakabaZes, Tumca maTi Sexedulebani v. nozaZes 

dasabuTebulad ar eCveneba. `tanajori~ gubeSi, morevSi mbrunav 

mwerad ganumartavs a. SaniZes. saTanado kvlevis Sedegad viqtor 

nozaZe daaskvnis, rom esaa wyalze swrafad morbenali, mocurave 

mweri (Hydrometra stagnorum). 

sityva `moli~-s semantikis dadgenas eZRvneba mecnieris Semdegi 

werili-gamokvleva `moli rame wamoisxa zeda tansa~. `moli~ 

homerosis òdiseaSic~ gvxvdeba. naSromSi safuZvlianadaa Seswavlili 

am sityvis mniSvneloba `vefxistyaosansa~ da òdiseaSi~, 

gaanalizebulia gamokvlevebi, sadac am sityvis homerosiseuli 

gagebaa ganmartebuli. statiaSi vkiTxulobT: `gamorkveuli da 

naTelia: 1. moli aris mcenare, Savi ZiriT da TeTri yvaviliT: 

2. moli Tu kacs aqvs, masze jado an sawamlavi ar moqmedebs; 3. jadosan 

diac-RmerTis, kirkes grZneba da sawamlavi uZluria `moli~-s 

winaSe; 5. kirkem Rorebad qceuli adamianebi isev kacebad aqcia ara 

`molis~ wasmiT, aramed sakuTari axali wamlis xmarebiT~ (nozaZe 

1966: 46). didZali masalis analizis Sedegad mkvlevris saboloo 

daskvna aseTia: `vefxistyaosnis~ `moli~ kavSirSi araa am sityvis 

homerosiseul gagebasTan. misi azriT, rusTavelTan is unda iyos 

nabadi, an wamosasxami. 

parizSi, 1965 wlis ianvarSi dauweria v. nozaZes JurnalSi 

warmodgenili Semdegi gamokvleva saTauriT `ZoweuliTa mosili~. 

aq mecnieri, iseve, rogorc `vefxistyaosanis ferTametyveleba- 

172

Si~, sityva `Zoweuls~ ganmartavs. nozaZiseuli wiaRsvlebi aqac 

farTo da masStaburia: is mimoixilavs porfiris samoslis istorias, 

`porfiri=purpuras~ semantikas antikur poetebTan, am sityvis 

ZvelqarTul da sxvadasxva enebze Sesatyvis Targmanebs da 

daaskvnis, rom qarTuli `Zoweulis~ Sesatyvisia laTinuri “purpuri”. 

parizSi, 1965 wlis martSi dawerila v. nozaZis statia `Sua 

brolsa da ayiysa sWvirs margaliti tyubebi~. aq mecnieri patiosan 

Tvlebs exeba: gvacnobs maTi gamoyenebis istorias, saxelwodebebs 

sxvadasxva enaze, amasTan, mkiTxvels awvdis mraval saintereso 

informacias. sayuradReboa erTi cnoba: plinius sekundusi gadmogvcems, 

Zvirfas qvaTa xmareba kavkasiidan daiwyoo. natexi kldisa, 

romelzec promeTeosi yofila mijaWvuli, rkinis naWerSi 

CausvamT da gmiris pativsacemad TiTze gaukeTebiaT. es pirveli 

samkauli iyo, _ miuTiTebs v. nozaZe. werilSi didi adgili eTmoba 

`porfiris~ ganmartebas, Zowisa da ayiyis fers (maT avtori identurad 

Tvlis) da sxva sakiTxebs. 

Semdegi samecniero werili saTauriT `mze mabrunvebs, ar 

gamiSvebs, Semiyris da mimcems wvasa..~ v. nozaZes 1965 wlis maisSi 

ciurixSi dauweria. mas win uZRvis avtoris SeniSvna: “aq vbeWdav 

erT Tavs Cemi moxsenebidan, romelic wavikiTxe parizSi 1965 wlis 

maisis 9-s, saTauriT: rusTaveli _ dante _ 100 w.–800 w.” 

statiis dasawyisSi mkvlevari otaridis cis irgvliv msjelobs. 

misi miTiTebiT, planetaTa rigSi dedamiwidan meore planeta, 

otaridi yvelaze pataraa, magram mzesTan axlosaa, amitom 

mas xSirad ver vxedavT: is mzis sxivTa brwyinvalebaSia damaluli. 

merkurius-otaridis cas dantesTan `meore samefo~ ewodeba da mas 

arqangelozni ganageben. v. nozaZis miTiTebiT, aq sufeven sulni 

saxelmoxveWilTa, pativcemulTa, romelTac miwier cxovrebaSi 

diadi saqmeebi Caidines (`spiriti imperandi~). mecnieris dakvirvebiT, 

otaridi `vefxistyaosanSi~ astronomiul-astrologiuri 

mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba: is mefea sibrZnisa, moxerxebuli batoni, 

mwerali da bedis gamge. poemis striqonebSi _ òtarido, 

Sengan kide arvis migavs saqme sxvasa: mze mabrunvebs, ar gamiSvebs, 

Semiyris da mimcems wvasa~ _ nozaZe xedavs astronomiul urTier- 

Tobas mzesa da otarids Soris. mze-TinaTinis siyvaruliT Sepyrobili 

avTandilic msgavs mdgomareobaSia: ès siyvaruli mas ar 

uSvebs, Tavisi cecxliT wvavs”. v. nozaZe erTmaneTisagan mijnavs 

dantesa da rusTvelis poziciebs: “dantes merkuriusi saiqio cxovrebis 

erT nawils agviwers da iq beatriCe dantes Teologiur 

sakiTxebs ganumartavs. rusTavelis otarids amqveyniuri, saaqao, 

173

amaRlebuli, xorcieli siyvarulis mociqulisa da Sikrikis movaleoba 

aqvs dakisrebuli~ (nozaZe 1966: 69). 

sayuradReboa avtoris msjeloba me-3 saukuneSi ptolemaiosis 

geocentruli da me-17 saukuneSi aRmocenebuli heliocentruli 

sistemebis Sesaxeb. v. nozaZe imowmebs ptolemaiosis azrs: 

merkurius-otaridi da venus-aspirozi mzes misdeven da mzesa 

da dedamiwas Soris binadrobeno. mkvlevris SeniSvniT, dante da 

rusTaveli amave azrs poeturad gadmoscemen, e.i. isini ptolemaiosis 

Sexedulebas eyrdnobian. nozaZe ar eTanxmeba r. TvaraZisa da 

d. WanturiSvilis mosazrebebs rusTavelis mier heliocentruli 

sistemis aRiarebasTan dakavSirebiT. is mxars uWers s. caiSvilisa 

da naTaZis Tvalsazriss. aqve daxasiaTebulia Zvel berZenTa astronomiuli 

Sexedulebebi, romelTa Tanaxmad, venus-aspirozi da 

merkurius-otaridi mzis qvemoT arian da amitom mzis zemoT arasodes 

Canan, isini mzis satelitebad iTvlebian. mkvlevari ganmartavs: 

òtaridi mzes ver Sordeba, ise, viT avTandili ver Sordeba 

Tavis mzes – TinaTins da, rodesac otaridi mzes xvdeba, igi mis 

sxivebSi imaleba, TiTqos iwvis avTandili TinaTinis siyvarulis 

gamo.. is aq aris merkuris-otaridi, TinaTini ki aris mze~ (nozaZe 

1966: 72-73). 

jerjerobiT CvenTvis ucnobia viqtor nozaZis naSromi, romlis 

saTauria `vefxistyaosanis siyvarulTmetyveleba~. miT ufro 

sainteresoa `kavkasionis~ publikacia, romelsac uZRvis avtoris 

SeniSvna: “es werili aris meore nakveTi, amoRebuli Cemi xelnaweridan 

_ `vefxistyaosanis siyvarulTmetyveleba~. saTaurSi poemis 

xuTi striqonia gamotanili: `misTvis guls laxvar sobili~ 

(Sairi 595); `Semomxedna, movewone~ (595); `gulsa me laxvar xebuli~ 

(522); `guli Zes sagnad isrisad” (708); `mematebis wyluli wylulsa~ 

(1306). 

amjerad v. nozaZes ainteresebs sityva `laxvris~ semantika 

da imowmebs sulxan-sabas ganmartebas: `laxvari aris grZeltariani 

basrwvera saomari iaraRi~. is didad gavrcelebuli yofila 

saqarTveloSic da evropaSic. Tumca, mkvlevris dakvirvebiT, rus- 

TavelTan am saomar iaraRs umTavresad siyvarulis sakiTxebTan 

dakavSirebiT vxvdebiT. ratom? sanam am kiTxvas upasuxebdes, nozaZe 

jer mowonebis sakiTxs ganixilavs, sulxan-saba `Tvalaxmas~ 

rom uwodebs. is lamazis, mSvenieris danaxviTaa gamowveuli, magram, 

mecnieris SeniSvniT, `siyvarulis gamowvevaSi Tvali rodi aris 

damnaSave... Tvalma mxolod gza icis gulisaken – silamazis sura- 

Ti Tvals gulSi Caaqvs da iq mowonebas, Semdeg siyvaruls iwvevs, 

an pirdapir: siyvaruls badebs~ (nozaZe 1966: 75). `vefxistyao- 

174

sanSi~ ki, v. nozaZis azriT, “siyvarulis dabadebas mxolod erTxel 

SeveswrebiT: odes tarielma nestani durajTa gadacemisas ixila~ 

(iqve). aRsaniSnavia, rom poemaSi megobruli siyvarulic mowonebazea 

agebuli: tarielisa da avTandilis urTierToba mowonebiT 

iwyeba. 

naSromSi viqtor nozaZe iyenebs mesame saukuneSi daweril indur 

`kamasutras~ – siyvarulis xelovnebis wigns, romlis mixedviT, 

siyvaruli Cndeba, pirvel yovlisa, TvalTa gziT, Semdeg amas 

mosdevs CaSveba gulis maxsovrobaSi, uZiloba, gamxdroba, sigiJe, 

dabneda da bolos, sikvdili. àxali stilis~ italieli poetebis 

rwmeniTac siyvaruli erTi SexedviT, anazdeulad iwyeba. Sesabamisad, 

statiaSi daxasiaTebulia orgvari Tvali: fizikuri, garegani 

da Sinagani, gulis Tvali. am ukanasknels xedva-mzera droisa da 

sivrcis gareSe SeuZlia, fiqriTac ZaluZs. aqedan warmodgeba xilva 

uxilavisa, RmerTisa, angelozisa, moCvenebaTa. Sinagani, gulis 

TvaliT xedavs Seyvarebuli Sors myof satrfos. `dasavleT evropis 

poeziamac siyvarulis warmoSoba Tvalaxmas miawera~ (nozaZe 

1966: 77). mkvlevris dakvirvebiT, siyvaruls ukavSireben saWurvels 

(isari, Subi, laxvari, dana.). eros-amuric siyvarulisaTvis 

mzad myof pirovnebas isars esroda, romelic mas gulSi xvdeboda 

da siyvarulic aRigzneboda. magram rogor xdeba gulis 

daWra? _ ainteresebs avtors. aq mTavari isev Tvali yofila: 

siyvarulis isarma gaiara TvalSi da CaerWo gulSi. gamokvlevaSi 

vkiTxulobT, rom Zvelinduri RmerTi kama atarebda yvavilisagan 

gakeTebul faqiz, naz, lamaz isars, aTjer ufro basrs, vidre 

yvelaze udidesi mSvild-isaria. v. nozaZis azriT, sityva ìsari~ 

swored `siyvarulis isris~ mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba `vefxistyaosanSi~, 

iseve, rogorc aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis mwerlobaSi. 

paralelebisaTvis statiaSi magaliTebia damowmebuli msoflio 

literaturis Sedevrebidan: Sua saukuneebis mwerlobaSi siyvarulis 

niSnad da simbolod aRiarebuli yofila aqilevsis isari. 

amave periodis mwerlebi dedakacis Semoxedvas xSirad aqilevsis 

laxvars amsgavsebdnen: is sWris, hkodavs mamakacs siyvaruliT da, 

amave dros, gankurnavs kidec. siyvarulis laxvars Rrmad dauWria 

tarieli. mas am tkivilis gaZleba surs, magram mis winaSe uZluria. 

`vefxistyaosnis~ striqoni _ `momegonos moSorveba, mematebis wyluli 

wylulsa~ _ v. nozaZes ase ganumartavs: `siyvarulis isari 

(wamwami, maxvili, laxvari, dana...) gulsa sWris da kodavs; Tavis Tavad 

cxadia, amiT guls Wriloba, anu wyluli uCndeba da igi SeiZleba 

gamrTeldes mxolod siyvarulis pasuxiT, Tu satrfo motrfes 

siyvaruls daudasturebs~ (nozaZe 1966: 85). amgvari gageba gvx- 

175

vdeba rogorc dasavleTis, ise aRmosavleTis mwerlobaSi, Tumca, 

mkvlevris dakvirvebiT, `siyvarulis laxvriT gulis dawyluleba 

RmerTis nebaze aris damokidebuli.. RmerTi aris yovlis mflobeli 

da igi badebs siyvaruls; igive awesebs mis wesebs.. siyvarulis 

saTave RmerTSi imyofeba, rameTu RmerTi aris siyvaruli~ (nozaZe 

1966: 87). 

v. nozaZis Semdeg naSroms saTauriT “mun erTmaneTsa kvla 

vnaxavT, kvla rame gavixareniT”, uZRvis SeniSvna: es ariso “mcire 

nakveTi Cemi xelnaweridan – rusTaveli da dante (wakiTxuli moxsenebad 

parizSi, 9 maiss 1965 w.)”. statiaSi vkiTxulobT: “Sua saukuneTa 

filosofiis Tanaxmad, kerZod, Toma akvinelis swavlis 

mixedviT, rodesac kaci gardaicvleba, misi `suli nergobrivi~, 

`mcenareuli~ (ànima vegetativa~), `suli grZnobadi~, `gvamobrivi~ 

(ànima sensitiva~) da `suli gonebrivi~, RmrTeebri (ànima intelektiva~, 

`divino~, ànima racionalis~) erTmaneTs Sordebian. pirveli 

ori: nivTier-materiuli miwaze rCeba, _ igi ukugdebulia, xolo 

`suli gonieri~, anu ìntelektiva~, gvamTan daSorebis Semdeg xdeba 

ufro Zlieri, ufro magari, vidre igi uwin iyo: igi gaZlierdeba 

TviT cnobiT, TviTSemecnebiT~ (nozaZe 1966: 88). 

mkvlevari dantes Sexedulebasac imowmebs, romlis Tanaxmad, 

gardacvlilis suls eniWeba moCvenebiTi gvami, TiTqo-gvami, mxolod 

gamosaxulebadi tani. zogi mecnieri dantes `divina komedias~ 

Teologiur nawarmoebad Tvliso, _ vkiTxulobT werilSi. aqve 

CamoTvlilia Sua saukuneebis cnobili moazrovneebi, romelTac 

didi italieli poeti eyrdnoboda (mis mTavar ostatad nozaZe 

Toma aqvinels Tvlis). yuradRebas imsaxurebs naSromSi damowmebuli 

prof. acanas mosazreba: `1. sikvdilis Jams suli xorcs Sordeba; 

xorci ixrwneba da ispoba, suli cocxali rCeba, e.i. mas aqvs 

SenarCunebuli RmrTeebri da kacebri unari, anu: goneba, maxsovroba, 

nebisyofa.. es yvelaferi aris RmrTeebri unari kacisa~ (nozaZe 

1966: 89). kacebri unaris cnebis qveS igulisxmeba `grZnobadoba~. 

haeri Rebulobs axal figuras. aqedan warmodgeba subuqi, nazi, 

Txeli gvami, romelSic TiToeul grZnobas aqvs Tavisi organo, Ti- 

Toeul azrs – Tavisi garegani gamoxatva. v. nozaZis dakvirvebiT, 

amgvari sulni dantes `purgatorio~ _ `salxinobelSic~ arian. 

yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT mecnieri warmogvidgens 

rusTavelis Sexedulebas saiqioze (es `vefxistyaosanis Rmr- 

TismetyvelebaSicaa~), nimuSad ki SerCeulia poemis striqonebi: 

àqa gayrilni mijnurni munamca SeviyareniT, mun erTmanerTi kvla 

vnaxeT, kvla rame gavixareniT~. tarielis am sityvebis dedaazri, 

v. nozaZis dakvirvebiT, dantes koncefciis msgavsia da es damTx- 

176

veva, misi TqmiT, qristianuli Teologiuri msoflmxedvelobidan 

modis. 

naSromSi damowmebulia wm. kiprianes sityvebi: `sulis ukvdaveba 

imaSi mdgomareobs, rom xorcTagan sulis gacilebis, gayris 

Semdeg, suli saiqioSi ganagrZobs arsebobas, viT arseba pirovnuli 

TviTSegnebiT, gonebriv-zneobrivi, romels axsovs Tavisi warsuli 

cxovreba. sulis ukvdaveba aris saaqao cxovrebis saiqaoSi 

gagrZeleba, magram sxva saxiT da sxva pirobebSi, Tavisi TviTSegnebis 

daukargavad da Tavisi pirovnebis mouspobelad. adamianis 

pirovnuli arsis ganuwyvetloba da erTidaigiveoba, _ ai, es aris 

ukvdaveba _ qristianuli TvalsazrisiT~ (nozaZe 1966: 90) . 

`kavkasionSi” dabeWdili viqtor nozaZis Semdegi werilebi: 

`modi, naxe vardi Seni~ da `yvavilni ferad-ferebi~ Seicavs 

damatebiT masalas vard-yvavilTa Sesaxeb, romelic mkvlevars 

`vefxistyaosanis ferTametyvelebis~ gamoqveynebis Semdeg 

aRmouCenia sparsul, arabul da andalusiur poeziaSi, sadac 

`dedakaci ganuyrelad gadakavSirebulia yvelafer imasTan, rasac 

warmoadgens walkotTa anu baRTa Sveniereba da wyalTa mdinareba, 

yvavili, an Tvali patiosani TiTqmis aucileblobiT iwvevs poetur 

Sedarebas bagesTan, RawvTan, TvalTan, sayvarlis SemkobilebasTan~ 

(iqve: 91). ferebic ki SeyvarebulTa gancdebs mogvagonebso. 

werilSi saintereso masalaa moxmobili bizantiaSi vardis Tayvaniscemaze. 

mkvlevris Semdegi werili saTauriT `dena cremlisa, nargisTaT 

nagubarisa~ `nargiss~ ganmartavs: aRmosavleTSi is vards 

urCevniaT, saqarTvelosa da andalusiaSi pirveli adgili vards 

uWiravso, _ SeniSnavs v. nozaZe. 

sityva `margalitis~ semantikis irgvliv Segrovili masalaa 

warmodgenili mkvlevris werilSi: `kbilni – viTa margalitni, bage 

– vardi napobari~. iqve ganmartebulia `vefxistyaosnis~ striqonebi: 

`gastexs qvasaca magarsa grdemli tyviisa lbilisa~ da “almasisa 

xams laxvari laxvrad gulisa salisa”. aq nozaZe `vefxistyaosanis 

ferTametyvelebaSi~ gamoTqmul Tavissave mosazrebas imeorebs: 

`qva aq aris àlmasi~, romelsac tyviiT texavdnen~. almasis Sesaxeb 

vrceli msjelobisas mkvlevari iyenebs “islamis enciklopedias”, 

romlis mixedviT, almasi tyviis garda yvela nivTs stexs, Tavad 

ki tydeba. v. nozaZe SeniSnavs: almasis samkaulis dedakacisaTvis 

mirTmeva uzrdelobad iTvlebodao. Sesabamisad, is `vefxistyaosanSi~ 

samkaulad ar gamoiyeneba. aristoteles `qaTa wignis~ mixedviT, 

almasis Zala arcerT qvas ara aqvs, masze mxolod tyvia 

moqmedebs. almasis tyviiT gatexvis cnoba sxva Zvel wyaroebSic 

177

SemorCenila, maT Soris, zaza fanaskertelis TxzulebaSi. gamokvlevaSi 

almasTan dakavSirebuli saintereso Zveli Tqmulebebia 

CarTuli. 

viqtor nozaZes ganmartebisaTvis SeurCevia aseve `vefxistyaosnis~ 

striqoni: `gaxeTqa lali, gaTlili andamatisa kveriTa~, 

sadac, misi SeniSvniT, andamati almasia, lali ki _ avTandilis 

Rawvebi. 

mkvlevari moixseniebs fridonis mier nestan-tarielisaTvis 

gadaxdil qorwilSi mirTmeul ZRvens. aqve ganmartebulia poemis 

erTi striqoni: `kvla erTi Tvali, samsgavso mzisa Suq monamatisa~. 

aq, v. nozaZis azriT, Tvali wiTeli unda iyos iagundi (karbunkulus). 

igive exeba poemis striqons: `Rame mzeebr gananaTlis, Cndis, 

sadaca Sevxedvide~. 

viqtor nozaZis mcire werili saTauriT ìetima~ ganmartavs 

poemis sityvebs: `viT margaliti oboli..~ mecnieris miTiTebiT, es 

uZvirfasesi, iSviaTi margaliti, anu ietimaa. aqve moxmobilia aRmosavluri 

Tqmuleba ietimas Sesaxeb. rusTaveli mas `Rarib margalitsac~ 

uwodebs (Zvirfasis, saucxoos gagebiT). 

originalurad ganmartavs mkvlevari `vefxistyaosnis~ 

striqons: àTasi Tvali, naSobi romanulisa dedisa~. misi dakvirvebiT, 

am adgilas bevr Zvel xelnawerSi “romanulisa dedlisa” 

weria. nozaZe ar iziarebs am sakiTxze Teimuraz batoniSvilis 

Sexedulebas, aseve, moixmobs wignebs Zvirfas qvaTa Sesaxeb. erTi 

frangi avtoris miTiTebiT, margalitis gaaxalgazrdavebis mizniT 

mas dedal qaTams aylapeben da frinvelis eqskrementTan er- 

Tad gamosuli margaliti metad brwyinvale ariso. viqtor nozaZes 

amgvari ganmartebac sabolood ar miaCnia. 

`margalitis~ semantikas azustebs mkvlevari striqonSi: 

`cremlsa, viTa margalitsa..~ is mis Sesaxeb vrcel istoriul 

eqskurss gvTavazobs. JurnalSi dabeWdili mcire moculobis werili: 

`Tu moyvare moyvrisaTvis tirs~ sainteresoa `tirilis~ ganmartebis 

TvalsazrisiT. aq moxmobilia magaliTebi dasavleTis Tu 

aRmosavleTis poeziidan. 

sityva `rides~ semantikis garkvevas eZRvneba v. nozaZis mcire 

statia `Tavsa ridiTa SaviTa~. mkvlevari Tvlis, rom arabuli 

“rida” rusTvelis poemis `rides~ winaparia. “es ride aris mosaxuravi, 

wamosasxami, romelic Tavidan mxrebze gadadis da mTel 

zurgs faravs, albaT, TeZoebamde. es ride vefxistyaosanSi Zalian 

Zvirfasi qsovilia da mas mama da dedakacebi atarebdnen” (nozaZe 

1966: 106). 

178

sityva `madli~ ganmartebulia statiaSi: àvTandil madli 

ubrZana~... v. nozaZe wers: `gmadlobT” _ ar ityvis arabi.. arabi daglocavT 

da keTilyofas da dovlaTs gisurvebT... `vefxistyaosnis~ 

cnebas `madli~, `madloba~ arabul enasTan da TqmasTan araviTari 

kavSiri ara aqvs. igi aris wminda qarTuli qristianuli Cveulebis 

Tqma” (iqve). 

rogorc cnobilia, mnaTobTa sakiTxs v. nozaZis `vefxistyaosanis 

varskvlavTmetyveleba~ eZRvneba, sadac zuali asea ganmartebuli: 

àstrologiurad zuali aris Zalmomreobisa da dacemis 

ufali: ùbeduri, didi varskvlavi~, misi feri aris Savi~ (iqve). 

am mosazrebas mkvlevari azustebs, rodesac ganmartavs poemis 

striqons:: `Semomyare kaeSani, tvirTi mZime, viTa virsa~. v. nozaZe 

aRiarebs, rom `varskvlavTmetyvelebaSi~ man Tavis droze saTanado 

yuradReba ar dauTmo sityva `virs~. Semdgomi kvleva-Ziebis 

Sedegad ki mas daudgenia, rom zualis (kronosis) cxovelTa Soris 

viric yofila dasaxelebuli. Sesabamisad, logikuria mecnieris 

daskvna: ìolad misaxvedria, Tu zualTan erTad, sevda-mwuxarebis 

amtvirTveli cxoveli, romelic zuals miewereba da ekuTvnis, 

ai, ratom aris viri moxseniebuli vefxistyaosnis aRniSnul 

SairSi. amgvarad, viri or gvar daniSnulebas asrulebs: 1. igi aris 

astrologiurad zualis cxoveli; 2. da aris tvirTmzidveli, 

avTandilis kaeSan-sevda-mwuxarebis amtvirTveli cxoveli~ (nozaZe 

1966: 108). 

v. nozaZis gamokvleva `dante _ rusTaveli (700 – 800 wlis 

Tavi)~ 1966 wliT TariRdeba da saTaurad aqvs `vefxistyaosnis~ 

striqoni: `mogveces SerTva zesT mwyobrTa mwyobisa~. weril- 

Si saubaria kaTolikuri eklesiis mxridan dantes devnaze, aqve 

paralelia gavlebuli missa da rusTvelis xvedrsa da Semoqmedebas 

Soris. v. nozaZe Tvlis, rom rusTavelis ùTqmeli~ da ùcnauri da 

uTqmeli~ igivea, rac dantes ùTqmeli~. sayuradReboa mkvlevris 

daskvna: `rusTavelsa da dantes arsebiTad erTnairi gageba aqvT 

RmerTTan kacis urTierTobis Sesaxeb. orive erTsa da imaves ambobs: 

_ kacs SeuZlia RmerTs SeuerTdes, RmerTTan mivides, Rmer- 

Ti ixilos da miT ganicados uzenaesi netareba zneobriv movaleobaTa 

Sesrulebis, siyvarulis gziT, sasoebisa da rwmenis ganamdvilebiT, 

filosofiuri brZnobiT, rac moralisa da inteleqtursulier 

swavlaTa, Teologiur saTnoebaTa ganxorcielebiT aris 

SesaZlebeli~ (nozaZe 1966: 111). STambeWdavia statiis dasasruli: 

ùnda vaqoT da vadidoT rusTaveli, rogorc didi morwmune, viT 

didi da mRvive qristiani!~ 

viqtor nozaZe yuradRebiT adevnebda Tvals sabWoTa saqarT- 

179

veloSi gamocemul wignebs. rogorc misi mimoweridan Cans, sam- 

Soblodan maT regularulad awvdidnen mkvlevars. `kavkasionis~ 

1966 wlis krebulSi nozaZe kritikulad afasebs poetis saiubileod 

saqarTveloSi dabeWdil ramdenime gamokvlevas. esenia: 1. 

g. jiblaZis werili `rusTavelis mxatvruli diadema~ (`mnaTobi~, 

1966, dekemberi), sadac v. nozaZe kategoriulad ar iziarebs avtoris 

mosazrebebs rusTvelis heliocentrizmze; 2. gakritikebulia 

n. qumsiaSvilis `vefxistyaosnis~ geografiuli garemo~, s. caiSvilis 

`sad aris SoTas saflavi?~, samagierod, dadebiTadaa Sefasebuli 

i. megreliZis patara wigni: `SoTa rusTaveli zepirsityvierebaSi~; 

3. S. nucubiZis `qarTuli filosofiis istoriis~ meore tom- 

Si gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi v. nozaZes gaukritikebia; 4. aseve kritikulad 

Seufasebia mkvlevars v. abaSmaZis statia, romelic `vefxistyaosnis~ 

iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT ganxilvas eZRvneba; 5. nozaZe 

ar eTanxmeba mosazrebebs, romlebic i. lolaSvils gamouTqvams 

wignebSi: `rusTaveli da Tamaris istorikosis vinaobis problema~ 

da `rusTavelis epoqis Cvenamde armoRweuli saliteraturo 

memkvidreobis garSemo~. kerZod, misTvis miuRebelia lolaSvilis 

debuleba ìstoriani da azmani SaravandedTani~-s rusTveliseulobis 

Sesaxeb. msgavsi mosazreba adre mixako wereTelsac hqonia. 

`kavkasionSi” dabeWdil Semdeg statiaSi `qalman misca margaliti~ 

v. nozaZe kritikulad ganixilavs nodar naTaZis werils 

`vefxistyaosani da epoqis zne-Cveulebani~ (`mnaTobi~, 1966 wlis 

marti), Semdeg ki Sefasebulia sami gamocema: 1. 1960-1963 wlebSi 

saqarTveloSi dabeWdili `vefxistyaosnis” xelnawerTa variantebi. 

mis gamomcemlebs v. nozaZe bevr sakiTxSi, gansakuTrebiT, poemis 

marTlweris damaxinjebaSi, ar eTanxmeba; 2. SoTa rusTaveli. 

vefxistyaosani. nawili I, teqsti aRdgenilia mixeil wereTlis mier. 

parizi, 1963 w. aq m. wereTels teqsti `ganuwmendia~, misi azriT, 

yalbi adgilebisagan, rasac v. nozaZe kategoriulad ar eTanxmeba 

(amave azrisa yofila gr. robaqiZec); 3. l. TaqTaqiSvili-uruSaZe. 

marjori uordrop. Tbilisi, 1965 w. aq viqtor nozaZe xazs usvams 

m. uordropis fasdaudebel Rvawls qarTuli kulturis winaSe da 

savsebiT iziarebs l. uruSaZis Sexedulebebs. ès wigni aris kargi 

saCuqari rusTavelis rvaasi wlis Tavze~, _ vkiTxulobT statiaSi. 

`kavkasionis~ saiubileo nomerSi v. nozaZis bolo, mcire moculobis 

werilis saTauria `tkbil-qarTuli~, sadac ganmartebulia 

`vefxistyaosnis~ winasityvaobaSi naxsenebi sityva `qarTuli~ da 

Semdeg poemis teqstSi gamoyenebuli `tkbil-qarTuli~. aq Secdoma 

xom ar ariso? – kiTxulobs mkvlevari da es bunebrivicaa: poemis 

garemo xom araqarTulia? paralelisaTvis mas moaqvs dantes 

180

poemaSi naxsenebi `laTini~, sadac is ìtalielis~ mniSvnelobiTaa 

gamoyenebuli. v. nozaZis daskvna aseTia: `vefxistyaosanis cneba 

`qarTulisa~, `qarTuli~ da `tkbil-qarTuli” ènas~, `sityvas~ niSnavs. 

msgavsi mosazreba hqonia a. SaniZes. 

rogorc vxedavT, SoTa rusTavelis saiubileod 1966 wels 

gamocemuli `kavkasioni~, dRes bibliografiul iSviaTobad rom 

aris qceuli, rusTvelologiuri azris namdvili zeimis gamomxatvelia, 

rac misi redaqtoris, viqtor nozaZis damsaxurebaa. fasdaudebelia 

JurnalSi warmodgenili gamokvlevebis mniSvneloba: 

isini sruliad gansxvavebuli xedviT, Rrmad da originalurad 

aSuqeben `vefxistyaosanTan~ dakavSirebul mraval samecniero 

problemas. naSromTaA umetesobas Tan axlavs sia gamoyenebuli 

mravalferovani literaturisa, romlis didi nawili ucxour 

enebze gamocemuli wignebia. `kavkasionSi~ warmodgenili gamokvlevebi 

dResac aqtualuri da Rirebulia. 

damowmebaniL: 

nozaZe 1966: v. nozaZis naSromebi Jurnalidan “kavkasioni”. parizi: 1966 w. 

Manana Kvataia 

“A small Gift to Shota Rustaveli: “ Is My Present Worth You...” 

The Jubilee issue of the journal “Caucasus”, dedicated to the 800 th anniversary 

of Shota Rustaveli, was published in Paris, in 1966. The majority of the articles were 

written by the editor Victor Nozadze himself. The author discusses and analyzes the 

main conception of the scientific researches which enables us to perceive V. Nozadze , s 

merit in the study of Rustaveli , s poem. 

181

Llali osefaSvili 

182 

rusTvelis ikonografia 

SoTa rusTavelis erTi portreti 

saqarTvelos sulier cxovrebaSi SoTa rusTaveli da misi 

ukvdavi poema mniSvnelovan adgils ikavebs da yvelaferi, rac, mis 

saxels ukavSirdeba sazogadoebis interess iwvevs. 

xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculia erTi SesaniSnavi 

manuskripti SifriT Q_ Q 1082. igi warmoadgens SoTa rusTavelis 

poema `vefxistyaosans~. xelnaweris Tavfurcelze gamosaxulia 

SoTa rusTaveli, romelic arqiteqturuli anturaJis fonzea mocemuli. 

mas metad saintereso kostiumi mosavs. Mam miniaturis SeswavliT 

mniSvnelovan daskvnebs gamovitanT. 

es xelnaweri Taobidan Taobaze gadadioda da amitomac mikuTvnebis 

mixedviT samecniero literaturaSi sxvadasxva saxeliT 

moixsenieba. rogorc p. ingoroyva wers: `gagarinis mixedviT Zvelad 

erisTavianTa gvareulobas ekuTvnoda (kerZod, revaz erisTavis 

saxels); Semdeg erekle mefis asulis Tekla batoniSvilis 

sakuTrebas, visganac igi gadavida mis Svilze _ aleqsandre orbelianze...~ 

(p. ingoroyva 1926: 348-349); xolo S. amiranaSvili ase 

SeniSnavs: `rusTavelis poemis xelnaweri, romelic mefe erekles 

asuls Teklas ekuTvnoda, Semdeg voroncovis xelSi mohyva (amiranaSvili 

1961: 417); xolo el. maWavarians mohyavs g. leoniZis mier 

motanili cnobebi. kerZod, misi mixedviT, xelnaweris pirveli 

mflobeli iyo zaza ciciSvili, romelic cxovrobda XVII saukuneSi. 

xelnaweris bolos 190v. arsebul gadamweris mier damatebul 

erT-erT strofSi, levan mirzas saxelis qveS g. leoniZem amoikiTxa 

sardal saxlTuxuces zazas saxeli, romelsac igi xelnaweris 

momgeblad sTvlis (leoniZe 1935: 21). 

el. maWavariani ki, xelnaweris istorias Semdegnairad warmogviCens: 

igi xelSi Cavardnia levan mirzas, mere mis Svils vaxtang 

VI, Semdeg vaxtang VI-is asuls Tamars, romlisganac xelnaweri 

erekle II, xolo Semdeg ki, mis umcros qaliSvils Tekle batoniSvils 

rgebia. Ppl. ioselianis cnobiT, es Tekleseuli xelnaweri mis 

ufros vaJs aleqsandre orbelians m. s. voroncovisTvis 1853 wels 

miurTmevia, rogorc iSviaTi saCuqari. voroncovs, gavrcelebis 

mizniT, portreti xelnaweridan amouWria. Aam miniaturidan gaakeTa 

gagarinma feradi asli dazianebuli nawilebis aRdgeniT.

(maWavariani 1969: 52) xelnawers zazaseulis saxeliT moixseniebs 

(maWavariani 1969: 51). vfiqrobT, upriani iqneboda, xelnawerisTvis 

Teklaseuli gvewodebina. 

aRniSnuli xelnaweris Sesaxeb ara mxolod saxelis, aramed 

TariRis TvalsazrisiTac azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa. Mmas p. ingoroyva 

XV saukuniT aTariRebs, S. amiranaSvili xelnaweris TariRad XVII 

saukunes Tvlis, xolo TviT SoTa rusTavelis miniaturas ufro 

adreul periods akuTvnebs. misi azriT, miniaturas safuZvlad 

udevs poetis portretuli gamosaxuleba XII-XIII saukuneebis, 

romelic nawilobriv XV saukuneSia gadawerili (amiranaSvili 

1966: 46), xolo n. SoSiaSvili da el. maWavariani mas XVII saukunes 

miakuTvneben. 

samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom miniatura 

SoTa rusTavelis gamosaxulebiT ufro Zveli xelnaweridanaa 

amoWrili da Cakruli zazaseul vefxistyaosanSi. Aam adreuli 

periodis xelnawerad, romelsac ekuTvnoda es portreti, p. ingoroyva 

XV saukunis xelnawers Tvlis. Mminiaturis meore mxares 

minaweria, sadac moxseniebulia saxeli ramazi. Aam ramazs igi XV 

saukunis qsnis erisTavad miiCnevs da amis mixedviT XV saukuniT 

aTariRebs. misi azriT, es erisTaviseuli XV saukunis xelnaweri 

Semdgom mziTevSi gahyolia ramazis Svils, romelic ciciSvilze 

gaTxovila. XVII saukunis am sagvareulos warmomadgenels gadauwerinebia 

axali xelnaweri, sadac mouTavsebiaT ukve daZvelebuli 

xelnaweridan es portreti. (maWavariani 1969: 53) 

paleografiuli monacemebis safuZvelze s. kakabaZe am minawers 

XVII saukunes akuTvnebs (kakabaZe 1927: 252). 

n. SoSiaSvili paleografiuli analizis safuZvelze aseve 

uaryofs portretis daTariRebas am da sxva arsebuli warwerebis 

mixedviT, igi ramazs XVIII saukunis pirovnebad miiCnevs. Mmeore minawerSi 

ramazi moxseniebulia mdivanbegad, mdivanbegobis instituti 

ki, XVII saukunemde saqarTveloSi ar arsebula. (SoSiaSvili 

1965: 148-149). vfiqrobT, es ukanaskneli Tvalsazrisi ufro gasaziarebelia. 

Tumca, am xelnaweris Tavfurcelze gamosaxuli SoTa 

rusTavelis kostiumis Seswavla arc erT mecniers ar hqonia miznad. 

Mmxolod p. ingoroyva mimarTavs ramdenime Strixs am TvalsazrisiT, 

magram misi azriT, igi Zvelia da XV saukunes ar scildeba. 

rac, Seexeba arqiteqturul anturaJsa da mTlian miniaturas _ 

saero xelovnebis arealSi aqcevs. 

Cveni azriT, miniatura detalur analizs moiTxovs Sesamoselis 

istoriis TvalsazrisiT. samwuxarod, Cvenamde originalma 

da Zvelma nimuSebma ver moaRwia. Tumca, maT Sesaxeb mwir cnobebs 

183

vflobT. magaliTad, XIX saukunis moRvawe arqeolog-istorikosi 

platon ioseliani ixseniebs, rusTvelis poemis or nusxas, 

romelTagan ufro Zveli etratze iyo dawerili, meore qaRaldze. 

Aam ukanasknels platon ioseliani XV saukunes akuTvnebs. samwuxarod, 

am xelnawerebis bedi dRemde cnobili ar aris, aRniSnavs 

S. amiranaSvili (amiranaSvili 1961: 410). 

Sua saukuneebSi xelnaweri wignis mxatvrul-dekoratiuli 

gaformebis myari normebi da ikonografia Camoyalibda. isini imdenad 

mdgradi iyo, rom mxatvars odnavi koreqtivis Setana Tu 

SeeZlo, amitomac tradicias arasodes Ralatobdnen. ar hqonda 

mniSvneloba, wigni sasuliero Sinaarsis iyo, Tu saero. wigns, anu 

kodeqss win uZRvoda Tavfurceli. Tu saxareba iyo – maxareblis, 

magaliTad, (A-484;H-1661) da sxv. Tu fsalmuni- fsalmunTmgalobeli 

mefis – daviTis (H-1665 da sxv.); Tu liturgikuli gragnilia, wmida 

ioane oqropiris an wmida basili didis (S-4980, A-922) portretebi. 

Ees tradicia gavrcelda saero xelnawerebzec. Mmwerlis, anu avtoris 

gamosaxuleba CarTulia wignis Tavfurcelze. magaliTad, 

anton kaTolikosis wyobilsityvaobas (H-382) win uZRvis daviT egnates 

Ze TumaniSvilis mier daxatuli anton I suraTi; aRapat diakonis 

samefo tomars (H-1561;Q-168) erTvis aRap diakonis gamosaxuleba, 

sulxan-saba orbelianis leqsikons (S-4748) uZRvis aleqsi 

mesxiSvilis mier Sesrulebuli sabas portreti; isaak asuris wigns 

(Q-356) darTuli aqvs mxatvar aleqsi baqraZis mier Sesrulebuli 

isaak asuris gamosaxuleba; Tamaris xotbis krebulSi Tamaris win 

muxlmodrekili SavTelisa da CaxruxaZis figurebia gamosaxuli. 

SoTa rusTaveli, rogorc `vefxistyaosnis~ avtori sam xelna-wer- 

Si SemogvrCa: mamuka TavaqaraSviliseulSi (H-599), TeklaseulSi 

(Q-1082) da XIX saukunis (H-2055)-Si, xolo S-5006 `vefxistyaosnis~ 

teqstSi gamosaxulia tarieli avtorTa msgavsad. igi wigns wers xataelTa 

mefes. 

rodesac mecnierebma maxarebelTa portretebi da maTi ikonografia 

Seiswavles, gamohyves ramdenime tipi. magaliTad, a. frendis 

mixedviT: 1. `fexze mdgomi~ da 2. `mjdomare~. Pman pirveli tipi 

miakuTvna gvianantikur tradicias, xolo meore siriul- egvipturs 

(frendi 1927: 5). gamoiyo agreTve `mwerali~ da `Cafiqrebuli~ 

maxareblis tipebi (hungeri... 1966: 452-507); (buxtali 1961: 

127-139). am terminebs saero xelnawerebzec Tu gavavrcelebT, 

maSin Teklaseul xelnawerSi SoTa rusTaveli `mwerali~ avtoris 

tipiTaa mocemuli, im gansxvavebiT, rom igi maxarebelTa msgavsad 

samuSao merxis win rodi zis, aramed xaliCaze _ fexmorTxmiT da 

muxlebze udevs gadaSlili wigni, romlis orive gverdi ukve Seu- 

184

vsia teqstiT. garkveviT ikiTxeba mxedruli asoebis lamazi kaligrafiuli 

naxati: èse ambavi qarTuli; naTargmanebi~. danarCeni 

sityvebi bacad moCans, Znelad gasarkvevia. 

qarTul xelovnebaSi erT-erTi pirveli fexmorTxmiT mjdomare 

figura VI saukunis dmanur qvajvarze gvxvdeba (maCabeli 1998: 

37-47) da, bunebrivia, ikvebeba aRmosavluri tradiciiT, magram So- 

Tas fexebi gadajvaredinebuli ara aqvs. Pp. ingoroyvas imis nimuSad, 

rom SoTa rusTavelis Cveni gansaxilveli portreti adreuli 

xanisaa, mohyavs XII saukunis numizmatikuri nimuSi _ Tamaris mama 

mefe giorgi III xaliCaze fexmorTxmulad zis (ingoroyva 1926: 360). 

vidre SoTa rusTavelis miniaturis TariRs davazustebdeT, 

marTebuli iqneboda im arqiteqturuli fonisTvis migvemarTa, 

romelic poetis ukanaa warmoCenili. Kkiboriumi anu salxinobeli, 

ori ramdenime sarTuliani orferdad gadaxuruli nageboba, 

romelic flankirebas ukeTebs kompoziciis centrs, dabali kedeli, 

am ori vertikaluri, koSkiseburi nagebobis urTierTdamakavSirebeli 

zogadad damaxasiaTebelia ganviTarebuli Sua saukuneebis 

saminiaturo mxatvrobisaTvis. oTxTavTa morTulobaSi, 

maxarebelTa miniaturebSi xSirad figurireben. isini mniSvnelovan 

rols asruleben kedlis mxatvrobis nimuSebSi, viTarca arqiteqturuli 

kulisebi, aseve saoqromWedlo nakeTobebSi da a.S. 

maxarebelTa portretebis gamosaxvisas bizantieli mxatvrebi 

mimarTaven ukuperspeqtivis meTods. iq maxarebeli samuSao 

merxis anu piupitris win zis. marTalia, SoTa rusTaveli warmodgenilia 

iseTive arqiteqturuli anturaJis fonze rogorc maxareblebs 

gamosaxavdnen, magram poeti maTgan gansxvavebiT, rogorc 

ukve aRvniSneT, xaliCaze fexmorTxmiT zis. Mmas Semdeg rac, islamis 

gavlena CvenSi Zlier SemoiWra, fexmorTxmiT jdoma Cveulebrivi 

movlena gaxda. magaliTad, e.w. mairanizebel saero xelnawereb- 

Si gansakuTrebiT `vefxistyaosnebSi~ figurebi sul fexmorTxmiT 

sxedan, sul erTia is mandilosani iqneba Tu mamakaci, taxtze 

ijdeba Tu xaliCaze. marTalia, aRniSnuli jdomis manera aRmosavluri 

gavleniT ikvebeba, magram uTuod gasaTvaliswinebelia erTi 

momenti _ poets fexebi ara aqvs gadajvaredinebuli. xaliCac aRmosavlur 

maneriTaa Sesrulebuli, aranairi perspeqtiva ar aris 

gamoyenebuli. igi pirdapir vertikalSia ganfenili da erTgvarad 

ukana planis, fonis rols asrulebs. 

fexmorTxmiT mjdomare poets mosavs grZeli, wiTeli agurisferi 

kaba, romelsac gaaCnia talRovan ornamentiani qoba, xolo 

mkerdTan iribad CaWrilia; amgvarad damuSavebuli sayelo gvxvdeba 

XI saukunis zemo-krixis feodalebTan (alibegaSvili 1979: tab.25- 

185

26) da iqidan moyolebuli Zalian xSirad figurirebs didebulTa 

samoselSi. saerTod, samkuTxa gulispiri dabejiTebiT SegviZlia 

qarTuli kostiumis ganuyofel komponentad miviCnioT, dawyebuli 

Sua brinjaos xanis TrialeTis vercxlis Tasis figurebidan 

(jafariZe 1981: tab.I) XIX saukunis qarTuli erovnuli kabisa da 

Coxis CaTvliT. Tumca, aRmosavleTSic iyo gavrcelebuli aseTi 

sayeloebi, magram saqarTveloSi igi yovelTvis dasturdeboda, 

maSinac, ki, roca Sesustebuli iyo misi gavlena da qristianul 

qveynebTan mWidro kavSiri hqonda. 

SoTa rusTavels miniaturaze grZeli kabis zemodan mosavs 

mokle samoseli _ qulaja, romelsac p. ingoroyva `yabarCas~ 

uwodebs (ingoroyva 1926: 355), xolo yabarCis zemodan, baci mwvane 

feris xirRa aqvs mosxmuli, Tavze axuravs bewveulis maRali 

qudi. 

rogorc p. ingoroyva wers, Zveli qarTuli kaba da wamosasxami 

xirRa Cveulebriv Cacmulobas warmoadgenda da xSirad 

gvxvdeba qarTvel didebulTa Zvel portretebze. Aaq saWiroa 

SevCerdeT mxolod yabarCazed da bewveulis maRal qudze. Semdeg 

ki, aRniSnavs, ramdenadac viciT, am saxis yabarCa da maRali 

qudi dRemde Seswavlili Zvel mxatvrobis ZeglebSi aRniSnuli 

ar aris; dasturad mohyavs `xelmwifis karis garigeba~ 

da masac aseve Zvelad miiCnevs (ingoroyva 1926: 355-356). 

rac Seexeba Zvel qarTul kabas, aseTi grZeli qobamovlebuli 

kabebi anu kvarTi, bisoni, dibitisioni emosaT ara didebulebs, 

aramed mefeebs, romlis zemodanac Semoxveuli hqondaT loroni 

anu diadima. Ddidebulebs mokle kabebi mosavT. Mmamakacis samoselis 

es tradicia Sua saukuneebidan CoxaSic gadmovida. 

Aamdenad, qarTul SesamoselSi, SesaZlebelia, iTqvas, saxezea 

memkvidreobiToba. xirRas rac Seexeba, Tu iv. javaxiSvils 

daveyrdnobiT _ arc sabas da arc d. CubiniSvils ar moepovebaT 

cnobebi mis Sesaxeb. Ees saxeli Teimuraz I-s aqvs `leil-mejnunianSi~ 

Tqmuli. Teimuraz I-is TxzulebaTa pirvel gamocemaSi ganmartebulia, 

rom xirRa tlanqi, uxeSi samosia derviSTa sacmelio. 

iese osesSvilis mixedviT, ki, zamTris Tbili, Zvirfasi wamosasxami 

iyo. (javaxiSvili 1962). 

Aamgvarad, radgan xirRas gvianfeodaluri xanis avtorebi 

imowmeben, igi, albaT, manamade cnobili ar iyo da XVII saukunes 

unda ekuTvnodes. Mmamuka TavaqaraSvilis mier dasuraTebul 

`vefxistyaosnis~ Tavfurclis miniaturaze gamosaxul fexmorTxmiT 

mjdomare SoTas xirRis nacvlad mosxmuli aqvs dabewvili anu 

qaTibiani mosasxami, romelsac CvenSi lafaCais uwodeben da gvian- 

186

xanaSic farTod gvxvdeba; rac Seexeba ierusalimis jvris monastris 

freskas – SoTas mantia aqac qaTibiania, im gansxvavebiT, rom 

Signidan dabewvili ar aris, moCans sarCuli da gaaCnia grZeli, cru 

saxeloebi da sul sxva semantikis matarebeli unda iyos. 

`xelmwifis karis garigebaSi~ aRwerili mefis samosi, romelsac 

p. ingoroyva imowmebs, Cvenda samwuxarod, arc erTi qarTveli 

mefis gamosaxulebaze ar SemogvrCa, rac, TariRis dazustebis 

ufro met Sanss mogvcemda. Aam wignis mixedviT, samefo yabarCa yofila 

yviTeli ferisa, mokle, da saxeloebiani. samuris bewvi anu 

yandvizi hqonia movlebuli (ingoroyva 1926: 361-362). Pp. ingoroyva 

SeniSnavs, rom SoTas Cacmuloba Tavisi formiT uaxlovdeba mefis 

aq aRweril Cacmulobas. Ggansxvaveba aris ferisa da masalis 

mxriT. Ppirveli gansxvavebaa samuris bewvi, romelic miRebulia 

mefis samoselisTvis, gansakuTrebul Zvirfaseulobad iTvleba. 

Mmisi tareba samefo saxlis wevrTa privilegiaa, xolo SoTas CacmulobaSi 

nacvlad samuris samefo bewveulisa, Cven gvaqvs Taxvis 

anu wavis bewveuli. Mmeore gansxvaveba mdgomareobs tanisamosis 

ferSi. Mmefis samoseli oqros(yviTeli) feris yofila, xolo So- 

Tas samosi wiTeli ferisaa datanebuli Savi saxeebiT. SoTa, Tumca, 

batoniSvili iyo bagrationTa gvarisa, magram mefis Cacmuloba 

gansakuTrebuli privilegiuri detalebiT unda yofiliyo aRniSnuli 

da TariRdeba XII-XIVss (ingoroyva 1926: 362-363). 

Cveni mxriv SevniSnavT, rom SoTa rusTavelis mokle qulaja 

wiTeli ferisaa, kideebze qobamovlebuli varskvlavisebri ornamentiT. 

aseTi mokle qulaja, Tu gadavxedavT qarTuli kostiumis 

istorias, adreul xanaSi orjer gvxvdeba: atenis sionis reliefze 

(VIIs.) erT-erT pirovnebasTan (virsalaZe 1984: tab.3.2) da favnisis 

freskebze erT-erT feodalTan (CofikaSvili 1964: sur.18). danar- 

Ceni nimuSebi gvian xanas ukavSirdeba, kerZod, XVII saukunes. magaliTad, 

nikoloz amilaxvris dakveTiT Sesrulebul sveticxovlis 

gulani da sveticxovlis taZris moxatuloba. Ggulanis miniaturaze 

“mTavarangelozTa krebis” kompoziciaSi mTavarangelozebs 

aseTi qulajebi mosavT grZel kabebze da zemodan mosxmuli 

aqvT grZeli xirRebi (devdariani 1990: tab.II). aseve sveticxovlis 

taZris Crdilo-aRmosavleT kedelze warmodgenilia 150-e fsalmunis 

_ `yoveli suli aqebdiT ufalsa..~. ilustracia. Aaqac mTavarangelozebi 

msgavs samoselSi arian gamosaxulebi (devdariani 

1990: tab.XVII), uxvadaa gamoyenebuli mwvane feri. 

cnobilia, rom mTavarangelozebi adrefeodalur xanaSi 

imosebodnen antikuri samoseliT-qiton-himationiT anu romauli 

–paliumiTa da tunikiT. Semdeg imperatorebis, mefeebis samosliT- 

187

loroniT. rogorc J. eberzoli miuTiTebs, maT ase maTi prestiJis 

asawevad acmevdnen (eberzoli 1933: 63). 

Cveni azriT, SoTas gamosaxuleba, viTarca mwerlis ikonografia, 

garkveul normebs, rom efuZneba, amas mowmobs p. ingoroyvasve 

motanili XVII saukuneSi Sesrulebuli poetis sulxan avTandilis- 

Zis gamosaxva. is, rom msgavs ikonografiasTan gvaqvs saqme, amaSi 

mecniers usaTuod veTanxmebiT (ingoroyva 1926: 363-364). 

rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, Znelia davadginoT Teklaseul 

`vefxistyaosnis~ Tavfurcelze gamosaxuli SoTa rusTavelis 

ikonografiis prototipi. Cveni azriT, aq Sua saukuneebis 

xelovnebidan mza nimuSi rodia aRebuli. Aaq erTgvar sinTezTan 

gvaqvs saqme, erTmaneTs kveTs Zveli qarTuli tradiciebi da aRmosavluri 

gavlenebi. vfiqrobT, miniatura XV saukuneze uadresi 

ver iqneba, magram verc XVIIsaukunis e.w. mairanizebel xelnawerebs 

mivawerT. albaT, marTebuli iqneba samecniero literaturaSi 

aRiarebuli TariRis _ XV saukunis gaziareba. Ees unda iyos gviani 

XV saukune. Cven metad sainteresod gvesaxeba is faqti, rom So- 

Tas mosavs im yaidaze, romelic `xelmwifis karis garigebaSi~ aris 

aRwerili. marTalia, igi samefo Sesamoselia, magram, ase vTqvaT, 

samefo insigniebi `Serbilebulia~ feradovani Sexamebis TvalsazrisiT. 

samwuxarod, es samoseli ar dasturdeba saxviTi xelovnebis 

nimuSebSi. rogorc zemoT mivuTiTeT, gviani xanis ZeglebSi 

mTavarangelozTa figurebze gvxvdeba, magram feradovneba aqac 

gansxvavebulia. samefo yviTeli feri mxolod werilobiT wyaroSi 

dasturdeba. 

rac Seexeba sulxan avTandilisZis ikonografias, igi nasazrdoebia 

SoTa rusTavelis Cvens mier ganxiluli miniaturiT, 

saxelovani poeti xom saukuneebis manZilze misabaZi pirovneba 

iyo da bunebrivia, rom XVII saukunis poetma mis pozaSi daukveTa 

evropaSi ganswavlul italiel mxatvars _ kastels aRmosavlur 

yaidaze Seesrulebina misi portreti anu SoTas wabaZviT e.i. sulxan 

avTandilisZis gamosaxulebis dednad, prototipad aRiarebulia 

SoTas portreti. 

rogorc dasawyisSi aRvniSneT, Cven SemogvrCa SoTa rusTavelis 

ramdenime gamosaxuleba garda Cvens mier ganxilulisa, aseve 

ierusalimis jvris monastris freskaze da TavaqaraSvilis Sesrulebul 

`vefxistyaosnis~ Tavfurclis miniaturaze. am kompoziciebSi 

poets imdenad gansxvavebuli samoseli acvia, rom 

maTi an calke ganxilva an SedarebiTi analizi kvlevas sxva mimarTulebiT 

waiyvanda. Cveni kvlevis obieqti iyo Teklaseul 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ XVII saukuneSi Zveli XV saukunis xelnaweridan 

188

amoWrili da Cakruli SoTas minitura, sadac poeti mosilia `xelmwifis 

karis garigebis~ teqstSi aRwerili samefo SesamoseliT, 

Tumca, sxvaobas feradovani Sexameba avlens. 

Ddamowmebani: 

alibegaSvili 1979: Алибегашвили. Г. Светский портрет в Грузинской средневековой 

монументальной живописи.Тб.: 1979. 

amiranaSvili 1961: amiranaSvili S. qarTuli xelovnebis istoria. Tb.:1961. 

amiranaSvili 1966: Амиранашвили.Ш. Грузинская миниатюра.М.:1966. 

buxtali 1961: Buchthal H. A Byzantine miniature of the Fourth Evangelists and its relatives. 

DOP #15(1961). 

devdariani 1990: Девдариани Ф. Миниатюры Анчисхатского Гулани. Тб.: 1990. 

virsalaZe 1984: virsalaZe T. atenis sionis moxatuloba. Tb.: 1984. 

eberzoli 1933: Ebersolt J. Orient et Occident, Paris: 1933. 

ingoroyva 1926: ingoroyva p. rusTveliana. I, tf.: 1926. 

kakabaZe 1927 : kakabaZe s. vefxistyaosnis sakiTxis garSemo. `mnaTobi~, № 11-12.1927. 

leoniZe 1935: leoniZe g. vefxistyaosnis axali xelnaweri. literaturuli 

memkvidreoba. wg. I, Tb.: 1935. 

maCabeli 1998: Мачабели К. Камменные кресты Грузий. Тб.: 1998. 

maWavariani 1969: maWavariani el. SoTa rusTavelis portreti e.w. zazaseuli 

`vefxistyaosnis~ xelnaweridan. paleografiuli Ziebani, N#II, 

Tb.: 1969. 

frendi 1927: Friend A. M. The Portaits of Evangelists in Greek and Latin Manuscripts, part I, Art 

Studies 5(1927); 

SoSiaSvili 1965: SoSiaSvili n. XII-XIVss. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo samarTlis 

istoriisa da rusTavelologiis zogierTi sakiTxi. ciskari, № #9, Tb.: 1965. 

CofikaSvili 1964: CofikaSvili n. qarTuli kostiumi (VI-XIV ss). Tb.: 1964. 

javaxiSvili 1962: javaxiSvili iv. masalebi qarTveli eris materialuri kulturis 

istoriisTvis, III- 

IVss, Tb.:1962. 

jafariZe 1981: jafariZe n. brinjaos xanis oqromWedloba saqarTveloSi. Tb.: 

1961. 

hungeri... 1966: Hunger H., Wessel K., Evangelisten, Reallexikon zur Byzantinistischen Kunst, 

Bd.II, Stuttgart, 1966. 

Lali Osepashvili 

A portrait of Shota Rustaveli’s 

Summary 

On the cover of XVII century manuscript of “A Man in a Tiger’s Skin” there is 

stuck the miniature depicting Shota Rustaveli. All the scientists who have studied this 

miniature regard it as dated back to XV century. 

It is worth mentioning that Shota Rustaveli is wearing the clothes that are not 

observed in any other works of art. The clothes are found only in historical - literary 

monuments where they are described in written. 

The work considers the clothes of the poet: long red dress, short “Kabarcha” and 

mackintosh. We share the scientists’ viewpoints according to which the miniature is 

dated back to the XV century. 

189

xvTiso zariZe 

190 

Tvalsazrisi 

Tbilisis anarekli `vefxistyaosanSi~ 

`vefxistyaosnis~ geografia miTologizebulia; amas ki ara 

marto is ganapirobebs, rom aq TiTqosda realuri arabeTisa da 

indoeTis gverdiT iseTi zRapruli qveynebic aris aRwerili, romelTagan 

erTSi mxolod qajebi saxloben, xolo meoreSi mudmivi 

gazafxulia, aramed isic, rom TviT am realur saxelmwifoTaganac 

arc erTi ar aris realuri; realuri da namdvili maTSi mxolod is 

aris, riTac isini saqarTvelos hgvanan. 

sinamdvilis, realuri garemos aseTive miTologizeba SeniSnulia 

rusTvelis epoqis dasavlur romanebSic (mixailovi 1976: 

150); oRond, rusTvelis mier gaxsnili sivrce mxolod amiT ar 

aris am epoqisTvis tipologiuri; magaliTad, a. gureviCi p. bicilize 

dayrdnobiT SeniSnavs: SuasaukuneTa mwerali, roca Tavis 

personaJTa samoqmedo sivrces xsnida, mas im landSaftis mixedviT 

uZebnida saxes, rasac Tavis koSkisa Tu, saerTod, samoRvaweo adgilis 

gadasaxedidan amCnevdao (gureviCi 1984: 81); raki maSin ase 

iyo, bunebrivia, swored amitom ar ganirCevian erTmaneTisagan 

`vefxistyaosnis~ qveynebic; maT geografias xom arsebiTad Cveni 

samSoblos zogadi ieri adgas, ris Sesaxebac am ori aTeuli wlis 

win specialuri naSromic ki gamovaqveyneT (x. zariZe, `literaturuli 

saqarTvelo~, 1989, 2-VI). Semdgomma dakvirvebam ki bolos 

da bolos imaSic dagvar wmu na, rom am sivrceSi zogi cixe-qalaqisa 

da misi Semogarenis ufro kon kretuli lokalizebac ki aris SesaZlebeli; 

kerZod, irkveva, rom far sadanis samefo saxli Tavisi 

mimdebare nakrZaliT, moedniT da maT gver diT Camavali mdinariT, 

arsebiTad iseTivea, rogoric istoriuli Tbi lisi Cans `qarTlis 

cxovrebis~ wignTa mixedviT. axla, raki es dokumenturi literaturaa, 

bunebrivia, kvleva maTgan unda daviwyoT, rom cxadi gaxdes, 

Tu rogor aris igive monacemebi areklili `vefxistyaosanSic~ da 

davrwmundeT ramdenad damajerebelia igi. 

* * * 

vaxuSti bagrationi wers: `xolo tfilisi ars sami qalaqi: 

tfilisi, kala da isani~ (vaxuSti bagrationi, `qarTlis cxovreba~, 

1973, 333). amaTgan yvelaze gvian isani Sesula Tbilisis Semadgen-

lobaSi; manamde ki Cveni dedaqalaqi mxolod mtkvris marjvena napirze 

iyo gaSenebuli; isani ki misgan aRmosavleTiT, dRevandeli 

metexis maRal gadmosaxedsa da mis miRma daufuZnebiaT xosro 

anuSirvanis mier aq Camosaxlebul soRdebs da adrindeli saxelic 

_ soRdebil-medina, anu soRdebilis simagre, TiTqos maTganve 

SerCenia mas; magram moipoveba sawinaaRmdego mosazrebac; sityva 

soRdebilSi, rac, rogorc iTqva, isnis adrindeli saxelia, ucxo 

tomis vinaoba ki ara, qarTuli sityva _ sagodebeli ariso Sefarebuli; 

amas ki i. sabanisZis àbo tfilelis wamebac~ adasturebs 

(beriZe 1977: 106-107); amasTan dakavSirebiT erTob sagulisxmo 

cnobas gvwvdis ìstoriani da azmani SaravandedTanic~: `yuTlumo, 

vkiTxulobT aq, iTxova karavi dadgmad velsa isnisasa da sanaxebsa 

saRodeblisao~ (`qarTlis cxovreba 1959: 31). 

es adrindeli cixe, anu soRdebil-medina, alizisagan yofila 

aSenebuli; 853 wlis 5 agvistos: roca buRa Turqma Tbilisi aiRo 

da dawva, daumorCilebia da miwasTan gausworebia isic, magram mis 

adgilze arabebs maleve ufro mZlavri simagre augiaT qviTkirisagan 

da axali saxelic `hisni~, anu cixe, maTve uwodebiaT misTvis 

(beriZe 1977: 109). 

qarTuli wyaroebidan TbilisTan erTad isans pirvelad `matiane 

qarTlisaÁ~ axsenebs; XI saukunis Sua wlebSi, roca Tbilisis 

berebs qalaqis patronad bagrat IV mouwveviaT, isnelebs ar miuRiaT 

igi; bag ratma àRixuna koSkni karTani Tavisi kaciTa, da aRiRo 

cixe qalaqisa darijeli da ornive koSkni wyalyinisani da Tabori, 

da daadginna Sigan laSqarni TÂsni da erisTavni, xolo isnelTa 

Caagdes Ãidi da ara mosces isnio~, gvauwyebs mematiane (`qarTlis 

cxovreba~ 1955: 299-300). 

maSasadame aqedan irkveva, rom rogorc abos wamebis dros, 

axlac xidiT ki ukavSirdeboda Turme isani Tbiliss, magram damoukidebladac 

sWeria Tavi, raki arc qalaqis mmarTvelobas 

damorCilebia da arc misgan patronad mowveul bagrat IV-s. 

amas Tanamedrove istoriografic adasturebs: `Tbilisis 

xucesebs emorCileboda da ebara sakuTriv qalaqis, mtkvris marjvena 

napiris cixe da kliteni. Tbiliss simagreebi hqonda mtkvris 

marcxena napirzec, mag ram is, rogorc Cans, sakuTriv qalaqs ar 

ekuTvnoda. aq, mtkvris marcxena nawilis simagreebSi, umTavresad, 

mahmadianuri samxedro-feodaluri aristokratia batonobda, 

amitom iyo, rom bagrat IV, , TviT `qalaqis berebis~ mier mowveu- mowveu- 

li TbilisSi, iaraRiT fiqrobda mtkvris marcxena na piris, isnis 

daamorCilebaso~ wers S. mesxia (mesxia 1982: 230). 

`qalaqis berebis~ mier qarTlis xelisuflebaSi mfarvelis 

191

Zieba ukve imis dasturia, rom Cveni qveynis saboloo gaerTianebisaTvis 

brZolas sakmao Zala aqvs ukve mokrebili, magram es procesi 

mainc uceb ar damTavrebula. Tbilisis mmarTveloba erTmxriv 

Tu gadasaxadebsac ki kisrulobda saqarTvelos samefos 

sasargeblod, meore mxriv musulmanur centrebSi agzavnida Tavis 

emisrebs da daviT aRmaSeneblisagan dacvas iTxovda: `Turqmanni 

da kualad vaWarni ganZel-tfilel-dmanelni warvides sultansa 

winaSe, da yovelsa sparseTsa, SeiRebnes Savad, romelnime pirni, 

da romelnime Ãelebi, da romelnime sruliad da esreT miuTxrnes 

yovelni Wirni, mowevnilni maT zeda~, gvauwyebs daviT aRmaSeneblis 

istorikosi (`qarTlis cxovreba~ 1955: 240). swored ai amas 

moyva mahmadianTa uzarmazari koaliciis SemoWra saqarTveloSi 

ilRazis meTaurobiT; brZola didgorSi moxda da qarTvelTa 

saarako gamarjvebiT damTavrda. aRmaSenebelma, raki icoda Tbilel 

mahmadianTa ukeTuri wvlilis Sesaxeb am omSi, gaqceul mters 

Tavi aneba, alya Semoartya Tbiliss da mZafri brZoliT aiRo igi. 

mere ki `saqarTvelos samefo dedaqalaqi quTaisidan TbilisSi 

gadmoitana, gaauqma qalaqis TviTmmarTveloba da Tbilisi mefis 

moxeleebs dauqvemdebara~ (`saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi~ 

1979: 241), askvnis Tanamedrove istoriografia. 

es moxeleni, anu mTeli samefo rezidencia, isanSi dafuZnda, 

riTac, cxadia, bolo moeRo mis ganze yurebasa da mtrul damokidebulebas 

qalaqisadmi, radgan misi Semadgeneli nawili gaxda. 

amis Semdeg isans, cxadia, TbilisTan erTad, rogorc qarTvel 

mefeTa sasaxles, intensiurad axseneben da garkveulwilad aRweren 

kidec ìstoriani da azmani SaravandedTani~, `JamTaaRmwereli~, 

vaxuSti bagrationis àRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~, àbdulmesiani~; 

rogor gamoiyureba igi am wyaroTa mixedviT maSindeli 

Tbilisis sxva cixeebTan erTad? 

vaxuSti bagrationi isnis Sesaxeb Cvens mier ukve damowmebul 

cnobas cota qveviT ase amTavrebs; `xolo isnis cixe yofil ars 

didi~ (`qarTlis cxovreba~ 1973: 337), amaSi ki Tavisi Zalze mniSvnelovani 

wvlili im amaRlebul adgilsac unda hqonoda, romelzec 

igi yofila wamomarTuli; es, marTalia, arapirdapir, magram 

mainc sakmaod kargad Cans Cvens mier dasaxelebuli wyaroebidan; 

magaliTad, `JamTaaRmwereli~ mogviTxrobs: roca erT Rames daviT 

ulus Sesmenili mestumre jiquri mihgvares gansakiTxavad, `mefe 

jdao isanTa mxedveli mtkvrisa~ (`qarTlis cxovreba~ 1959: 238), 

man iqidanve gadaagdebina mtkvarSi mxilebuli moxele, romlis 

gvamico, ganagrZobs Semdeg mematiane, gaTenebisas isnidanve dainaxeso 

Tbiliselebma `riyesa zeda gangdebuli wylisagano~ (iqve). 

192

es ki, cxadia, ar moxdeboda, rom isani marTlac sakmaod didi da 

cad aziduli ara yofiliyo; iqidan arc jiqurs gadaagdebdnen mtkvarSi 

dasasjelad da verc im sivrces daeufleboda igi, romelsac 

swvdeboda Turme, swored amas adasturebs wylidan gariyuli 

jiquris Soridan xilva. 

isnis am simaRles, savaraudoa, sxva aucileblobac ganapirobebda. 

raki mtrisagan iyo dafuZnebuli, mas Tavisi mdebareobiT, 

aRnagobiTa da sivrceSi momnusxveli gasvliT usaTuod unda gaewonasworebina 

Tbilisis sxva simagreTa modaraje mzera. dasavleTidan 

aseTi iyo nariyala, xolo samxreTidan Tabori; ìstoriani 

da azmani SaravandedTani~, cxadia, mis amgvar warmomavlobasa 

da daniSnulebaze arafers ambobs, magram imas ki gvagrZnobinebs, 

Tu ra STabeWdilebas tovebda Turem Tavisi sidiadiT da sididiT 

mnaxvelze; isnis samefo saxli ariso, mogviTxrobs igi, 

`yoveliTurT samoTxis msgavsi~, mqone `saydrisa camde amaRlebulisa~, 

`naTelmze gabaoniani~ da a. S. (`qarTlis cxovreba~, 1959, 

24-25); sagulisxmoa, rom aseTive amaRlebulia da amamaRlebeli 

am rezidenciis ioane SavTeliseuli aRwerac, rac Tavis droze 

i. javaxiSvilma SeniSna (i. javaxiSvili, 1986, 123); igi imiTac aris 

gansakuTrebuli, rom mzeras migvpyrobinebs nagebobaTa galavnis 

Semkulobaze, mtil-samoTxisa da avazanTa sinatifeze; Tvals itacebso, 

ambobs avtori, `karTa stovani, erTa stolani, ipodromisa 

ganxmulobani~ da a. S. (Zveli qarTveli mexotbeni, II, 1964: 130). cota 

ram viciT isnis samefo saxlis interierzec. masze konkretul cnobas 

gvawvdis ìstoriani da azmani SaravandedTani~, roca giorgi 

III-is glovasTan dakavSirebiT aRwers mas. 

laSas droindeli mematianis cnobiT giorgi III gardacvlila 

`sta girs kaxeTisasa, Tuesa martsa ocdaSvidsa, samSabaTsa vnebisasa~ 

(`qar T lis cxovreba~ 1955: 367). es Tavzardamcemi cnoba èsmao 

sam-mnaTobiersa mefeT-mefisagan mefed qmnilsa Tamars qalaqsa 

Sina tfilissa; sajdomsa maTsa cixesa isans~. samSvildedan 

CamouyvaniaT rusudani, mamida Tamarisa, oorive mandilosani 

`momxuevelni urTierTisani da moltobilni sisxlreuli cremliTa 

Sevideso taZarsa sameufosa~, e. i. darbazSi, romelic, savaraudoa, 

umTavresi iyo mTel am cixeSi da axlac swored amitom iyo 

aq dasvenebuli gardacvlili mefe. aq ukve Tavi moeyara qveynis 

rogorc umaRles sasuliero, ise saero xelisuflebas; zari, 

cxadia, Zalze didi iyo da vin dakarga maSindelma saqarTvelom, es 

rom cxadyos, avtori amisaTvis gamoxatvis aseT xerxs mimarTavs: 

aRwers am darbazs, romlis `kedlebi da ca~, anu Weri, giorgi mefisgan 

gadaxdili omebis amsaxveli epizodebiT yofila moxatuli. 

193

`razmebi, spebi, monaspebi, qalaqebi da cixeebi awyuedili da oxerqmnili~, 

xolo yovelive amis moqmedi da warmmarTveli ki, `taniTa 

gorgaslianiTa da mklaviTi aqilianiTa da piriTa mnaTobieriTa, 

kaci iroad sagonebeli~ axla iwvao samudamod dadumebuli da 

uqmad ewyoo mraval omebSi gamocdili misi saWurveli (`qarTlis 

cxovreba~ 1959: 24-25). 

yovelive es, bunebrivia, Zalze sainteresoa ufro zogadad, 

vidre Cveni konkretuli sakiTxisaTvis, magram mas Tu Tvali ver 

avarideT, mxolod imitom, rom isan-Tbilisis zogadi ieris moxazvis 

gareSe, cxadia, verafriT wavidodiT ufro konkretulisaken. 

vgulisxmob imas, rac am qalaqis erTianobis mniSvnelovani nawili 

yofila `qarTlis cxovrebis~ wignTa mixedviT da Cans `vefxistyaosanSic~. 

Zveli Tbilisis im mTlianobaSi, romelsac nariyalas, isnisa 

da Taboris cixeTa zeaweuli siluetebiT aris Sekruli, cxadia, 

Zalze Znelia warmovidginoT filopatni, anu samefo nakrZalebi, 

mas rom hqonia, aseve Znelad moeZebneba masSi adgili hipodromsac, 

romlis `ganxmuloba~-sifarTovezec aqcentirebulia àbdulmesianSi~, 

magram isini rom marTlac amSvenebdnen Turme da 

acocxlebdnen maSindel Cvens dedaqalaqs, ueWvelia. ìstoriani 

da azmani SaravandedTani~ maTze sakmaod garkveul warmodgenas 

gviqmnis da gvarwmunebs, rom yovelive es Tbilisis ganuyofeli 

nawili iyoo. amas adasturebs qarTuli istoriuli mecnierebac. 

imxanad Zmisagan Seviwroebul amir-mirmans, Sirvans Casi- 

Zebuls da amdenad patrons Sirvanisa, mociquli mouvlenia 

saqarTveloSi, miReba da Semweoba uTxovnia. Sirvani maSin saqarTvelos 

ymadnafici qveyana iyo da Tamars, viTarca patrons, Rirseuli 

daxvedra marTebdao misTvis, aRniSnavs n. berZeniSvili 

(berZeniSvili 1964: 320). dedofals laSqris Seyra ubrZanebia da 

rogorc mematiane aRniSnavs, masac maleve auvsia `mtkuris piri, 

algeTis piri, qciis piri da qurdavaWris piri. es oTxive mdinare 

tfilisiT yaraCalamadis~ (`qarTlis cxov reba~ 1959: 64). cota 

xans mere mobrZanebula stumaric `yovlisa aranisa didebulebiTa 

da hulamiTa~ (iqve). Cvens xelisuflebs isini ratomRac isanSi 

ki ara, qalaqgareTa rezidenciaSi, `Walaxa agaraTasa~, miuiRia. 

qarTvel mefeTa es samyofi wyaroebSi manamac aris naxsenebi 

da Semdegac. magaliTad, ubedur rusze gamarjvebuli Tamari 

`Semoqceuli dga Walasa agaraTasa, monadire, monadime, mxiaruli 

da Semwynarebeli erTgulTa da sakuTarTa misTao~, gvauwyebs mematiane 

(`qarTlis cxovreba~ 1959: 54) da misi sityva `Semoqceuli~ 

imasac gvagrZnobinebs, rom dedofali Tbilisiskenaa dabrunebuli 

194

da masTan axloa mosuli. Tamari rom xSirad aris aq da aqedan ganagebs 

samefos, amas basili ezosmoZRvaric gvidasturebs: rodesac 

abazas ZeT `qmnes didi boroti da orni Zmani anton Wyondidelisani 

daÃocnes da amiT Seawuxes marTali igi da ganarisxes TavTa 

TÂsTa zeda RmerTi da Tamar, rameTu Walasa agaraTasa mdgomman, 

mouwoda xuTTTave da sibrZniTa TÂsiTa Seipyra da TÂTo TÂTosa 

cixesa Sesua, raiTamca ganiwurTnoso~ (`qarTlis cxovreba~ 1959: 

131). 

raki mefe ase xSirad aris aq da saqveyno saqmeebs aqedan agvarebs, 

iwynarebs èrTgulTa da sakuTarTa misTa~, xolo avis mqmnelT 

Sesaferisad sjis, nadirobs da roca saamiso mizezi aqvs, 

Svebasac eZleva, cxadia, aq yvelaferi mefeTa moTxovnilebis 

Sesabamisad unda yofiliyo aSenebuli da damSvenebuli. es asec 

yofila, ìstoriani da azmani SaravandedTani~ misTvis Cveuli 

stiliT mogviTxrobs amis Sesaxeb: `romelman, anu vismca gonebaman 

da enaman aRmoTquna qebani zarTa didebisani karavTa da sarafardaTa, 

koSkTa da filopatTani, Semkobilobani beselielebrni, 

gina solomonianni taZrisa RmrTisanio~ (`qarTlis cxovreba~ 

1959: 67), RaRadebs igi da misi emociuri tonaloba rom usagno ar 

aris, Cans iqidan, rom igi CamoTvlis kidec imaT, romelTa srulyofilebiTac 

asea aRfrTovanebuli. ufro metic, rogorc vnaxavT, 

momdevno Txrobisas konkretuladac ki warmoaCens zog maTgans, 

magaliTad sacxenburTo moedans. 

stumarTa miRebis Semdego, aRniSnavs mematiane, qarTvelma 

gvirgvinosnebma iTxoves puri da Semdgomad purisa daidves nadimi, 

sikeTe da siturfe gamouTqmeli. iyo sixaruli da zma mgosanTa 

da muSaiTTa. damyofelTa msgefsisaTa erTisaÁTa hqonda yovelTa 

sixaruli, maTgan ZRvnoba, amaTgan boZeba, nadiroba da burTaobao~ 

(`qarTlis cxovreba~ 1959: 66). 

ZRvnoba-boZebasa da nadirobaze Tu naTqvamiT kmayofildeba 

avtori, burTaobaze cota metsac mogviTxrobs, riTac irkveva, 

rom am rezidencias saamiso moedanic marTlac hqonia. 

stumrisa da mis TanamyolTa Sesaxeb xma darxeula: èraysa, 

adarbadgansa da eransa amaTebrni moburTalni ara darComilano~ 

(`qarTlis cxovreba~ 1959: 67). am xmas Tamaris yuramdec miuRwevia 

da manaco, aRniSnavs mematiane, ùbrZana... amirspasalarsa missa 

zaqarias da msaxurTuxucess ivanes, hereTis erisTavsa grigols da 

sxuaTa moymeTa da Cavides moedans da muniT Camovides amir-mirman 

misiTa didebulebiTa da moniTa, da TÂT Tamar saWruetelad piriTa 

miT brwyinvaliTa da naTelTa mfeniTa. islimni, dajerebulni mecnierebisani 

da mZle-mbrZolni, mswrafl iZlivnes daviT mefisa da 

195

misTa moymeTagan da Seiqces Zleulni da mWmunvarenio~ (`qarTlis 

cxovreba~ 1959: 67). 

maSasadame, yovelmxriv ikveTeb, rom am `Walasa agaraTasa~ 

qarTvel xelisufalT hqoniaT rezidencia Sesabamisi punqtebiT: 

filopatiT, rac rogorc `giorgi aTonelis cxovrebidan~ Cans, 

Cveulebrivi unda yofiliyo maSindel saberZneTSic (Zeglebi 1967: 

182) da sacxenburTo moedniT. axla ramdenad axlo, an Sors iyo 

yovelive es Tbilisidan? 

am kiTxvas n. berZeniSvili svams da mocemuli teqstisave 

analiziT arkvevs, rom isini Sors ar unda yofiliyvnen qalaqisagan, 

rac, cxadia, Cans Semdegidan: 

stumris dasaxvedrad Seyrili qarTuli laSqari sadroSoebad 

yofila ganlagebuli Tbilisis WiSkridan xsenebul `Walamde 

agaraTasa~, romelic, raki Wala ewodeba, usaTuod mdinaris, am 

SemTxvevaSi, mtkvris pirs unda yofiliyo. 

`pirvelad ra gamovides TbilisiT qalaqiTo, gadmogvcems 

mematiane, stumar-maspinZelTa svlis Sesaxeb agaraTa Walisaken, 

miegebnes win ovsni da yivCaRni axalni; Semdgomad amisa herni da 

kaxni, Semdgomad qarTu el ni, da Semdgomad mesxni da Torelni, 

SavS-klarj-taoelni, Semdgomad som xiTarni, Semdgomad afxazni 

da suan-megrelni Tana raWa-Takuer-mar gu e liTurT da TÂT karsa 

karÂsa Ãelisuflani da Sinaurnio~ (`qarTlis cxovreba~ 1959: 65). 

Semdeg am cnobis Sesaxeb n. berZeniSvili wers: `Cven, samwuxarod, 

ar viciT, rogori iyo aseTi zeimis dros saqarTvelos 

sxvadasxva Temis laSqarTa dgomis wesi, ra manZili aSorebda erTi 

Temis laSqars (droSas) meorisagan, magram aq motanili teqsti 

iseT STabeWdilebas tovebs, rom saqarTvelos jaris es nawilebi 

erTimeorisagan didad daSorebulni ar unda yofiliyvnen. maSasadame, 

SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom Wala agaraTa Tbilisidan Zlier 

Sors ar unda yofiliyo, qalaqidan mefis karvamde, am `Walas” rom 

iyo, sul saqarTvelos jari iyo ganlagebuli~ (berZeniSvili 1964: 

321, xazi avtorisaa). 

axla, marTlac Znelia mTlad zustad imis dadgena, Tu ra daSorebaze 

iyo Tbilisidan ganlagebuli es `Wala agaraTasa~, magram 

motanili teqstidan is ki aSkaraa, rom qalaqis bWeTa Semdeg stumar-maspinZelTa 

dasaxvedrad damdgari laSqari cxadia, usaSvelod 

ver iqneboda gawe lili. amitom es `Wala~ marTlac usaTuod 

ufro axloa savaraudebeli, vidre Sors. 

n. berZeniSvils isic aqvs aRniSnuli, Tbilisis romel mxares 

unda yofiliyo es rezidencia. gamoricxvis wesiT askvnis, rom igi 

196

samxreTSi Cans sagulvebeli, saiTac Tbilisi ganjis kariT gadioda. 

aqeT ki iyo tabaxmela, Semdeg Sindisi, maTgan ufro marjvniv 

koJris cixe, romelic amave mkvlevrisave azriT, maSin agaraTa 

cixis saxeliT unda yofiliyo cnobili, samefo xelisuflebisaTvis 

Sesabamisi Tavisi rTuli nagebobaTa kompleqsiT (berZeniSvili 

1964: 315), magram romeli iyo konkretulad àgaraTa Wala~, axla 

zedmiwevniT garkveva jerjerobiT Wirs. èrTi ki aris, tabaxmelas 

iSva laSa giorgi (`qarTlis cxovreba~ 1959: 56), aq axares Tamars 

Samqors Cveni laSqris didi gamarjveba (iqve, gv. 73) da mefTa rezidencia 

Cans aq maSinac ki, roca ukve monRolTa xelSi viyaviT~ 

(iqve. gv. 231). 

maSasadame, sabolood rom SevkraT, raca am wyaroebidan 

Tbiliszea naTqvami, Cveni maSindeli dedaqalaqi ase gamTliandeba: 

nariyaliT, isniTa da TaboriT gamokveTil mis erTianobas 

galavani gamoyofs mimdebare sanaxebidan. samxreTidan, zRudis 

gareT misi mimdebarea àgaraTa Wala~ samefo sasaxliT, moedniT 

da nakrZaliT; maT axlos CaudiT mtkvari. ramdenadme moSorebiT 

am erTianobas erwymis koJris cixe. 

aseTia meistorieTagan danaxuli XII-XIII saukuneTa Tbilisi 

Tavisi mimdebare nagebobebiT. igi im ZiriTadi konturiT, romlis 

Cvenebac vcadeT, areklilia `vefxistyaosanSic, areklili 

imdenad, rom zog rames ganxilul aRwerilobaTagan cota metadac 

ki akonkretebs. 

* * * 

`gamovediT, moviareT moedans da wylisa pirsa 

Cemsa move, davabrunve, mefe momyva saxlTa Zirsa~ 

(rusTaveli 1988: 355, 1. 2.)* ∗ 

werilis dasawyisSive mivaniSneT, rom `vefxistyaosnis~ sivrce 

ukideganoa, mraval qveyanas da usaxelo sanaxebs moicavs, 

magram mainc erTiani ieri dahkravs, radgan am sivrce-samyaros 

modelad erTi qveyanaa navaraudevi, kerZod, rusTvelis mSobliuri 

garemo, romelsac, rogorc Cans, sakmaod kargad icnobda. amis 

gamo TiTqos raRac mosawyeni erTferovneba unda eZalebodes am 

sivrces, magram rusTveli amas mxolod Tavisi maxvili Tvalis 

da warmosaxvis iSviaTi unariT ki ar aRwevs, aramed gansaxovnebis 

sxvadasxva principiTa organizebiTac. erTs pirobiTad SeiZleba 

garemos poeturi, amaRlebuli gancda vuwodoT, radgan asaxuli 

obieqti ara aRnagobis konkretuli detalebiT, aramed misgan 

mogvrili mZafri STabeWdilebiT Semodis CvenSi da asec gvrCeba 

* gamokvlevaSi `vefxistyaosnis~ teqsti damowmebulia Semdegi gamocemis mixedviT 

(gadmoiwereT damowmebanidan). 

197

cnobierebaSi, xolo meores, aseve pirobiTad, matianuri, radgan 

masSi bevria iseTi, rac ganxilul matianeTa furclebze Segvxda. 

pirvel pricnips rusTaveli avTandilis samemkvidro cixe-qalaqis, 

tarielis mamiseuli rezidenciisa da qajTa qalaqis Cvenebsas 

mimarTavs. yvelaze metad mainc am ukanasknelisas, radgan poemis 

siuJeti moiTxovs amas. es xom is simagrea, romlis damxobiTac 

sikeTem sabolood unda sZlios borotebas. meoreSi farsadanis 

samefo saxli eqceva Tavisi Tanmxlebi nagebobebiTa da garemoTi. 

daviwyoT pirveliT. 

fatmanis sazafxulo sasaxle, baRSi rom dgas, dauviwyaria 

ukve imiT, rom misi Semadgeneli nagebobani, `maRalni, yovliT 

mxedvelni, zRvasa ze wavidebulni~ (1122, 2), Tavis wilad metad 

Sors gaSlil sivrces ikreben. zRvis talRebidan monaber sios 

xSirad Tu sasurveli simSvide moaqvs aq myofi fatmanisaTvis, 

arc uCveulo sanaxaobas aklebs iqiTken mzirals; es, cxadia, ukve 

sakmaod mimzidvels xdis aqaurobas, magram rusTaveli amiTac ar 

amowuravs mkiTxvelze misi esTetikuri zemoqmedebis unars. igi 

gansakuTrebiT STambeWdavi maSin xdeba, roca zRvis napiridan 

nestanis mSvenierebis sxivi Seadgeba. ai, davukvirdeT: 

198 

`ra mobrunda qali Cemken, Semoadges sxivni kldesa~ (1128, 1). 

am sxiviT ganaTebul kldeze gadmomdgari sasaxle, cxadia, 

kidev ufro miiwvevs cisken da zRapruli ieriT imoseba. zRvis ukidegano 

sivrces dauflebuli es mSveniereba amiTac aRarasodes 

gaviwydeba Semdeg. 

ufro sxvagvarad gadian maTganve dauflebul sivrceSi tarilis 

mamiseuli cixe-simagre, avTandilis samemkvidro qalaqi 

da rogorc iTqva, gansakuTrebiT ki qajeTis cadatyorcnili 

citadeli. 

tarielis mamiseuli simagre mxolod erTi, wina mxridan aris 

moqceuli im sivrcisken, romelsac gamudmebiT misCerebia. tarielma 

roca xvarazmeli sasiZo mokla, Tavis simagres mimarTa da 

iqidan adevnebda Tval-yurs, rogor viTardeboda situacia. `qalaqi 

mqonda magari, mterTagan mourevario” (557, 3), ambobs igi, roca 

sasiZos mokvlis ambavs yveba da misi cixe marTlac aseTi gamodis: 

àr gawyda mosvla mdevarTa Ramesa dia bnelasa, 

Cemi ra scnian, scvidian Tavebsa maTsa mTelasa~ (558, 34), 

yveba igi da momxdurs rom ase moxerxebulad akontrolebda da 

igeriebda kidec, amaSi mas Tavisi simagris aRniSnuli mdebareoba

uwyobda xels. es TandaTan ikveTeba TxrobaSi. 

roca mdevarTa mosvla TandaTan minelda da saomari vnebanic 

Cacxra, tarieli nestanze fiqrma SeaSfoTa: ra bedi ewia mas, 

araferi icoda da amiT Sewuxebuli gavida gareT, rom iqiT gaexedna, 

saidanac misi ambis momtani unda gamoCeniliyo. es ki simagris is 

mxarea, saidanac mTeli Ramis ganmavlobaSi mdevari awydeboda. ai 

rogor akonkretebs amas rusTaveli. tarieli yveba: `mas zRudesa 

gardavadeg, mindorTake rome vageo~ (565, 3). maSasadame, cxadia, 

rom es cixe mxolod mindvris mxridan yofila specialuri zRudiT 

daculi, rac imas niSnavs, rom uknidan da gverdebidan vaglaxad 

veravin miekareboda bunebriv warmonaqmenTa miuvalobis gamo. 

ai winidan ki sakmaod vrceli sivrce eSleboda Turme da zRudec 

amitom iqidan hqonia, rac Semdegidanac dasturdeba: 

`gamoCndes orni qveiTni, me mivegebe winare, 

qali hyva erTsa monasa `vcanmca, Tu moRma vin are~? 

Tavgaglejili asmaTi, pirsa sisxlCamomdinare, 

aRar miyivla RimiliT, arcRa gamicina-re~ (566) 

rogorc Cans, im or qveiTSi, Tavisi cixis gadasaxdidan rom 

SeniSna tarielma, asmaTi mxolod maSin icno, roca win miegeba 

maT. swored es aris naTqvami damowmebuli strofis pirveli ori 

striqoniT, es ki Tavis mxriv cxadyofs, Tu ra sivrce iSleboda Turme 

am cixidan Tvalsawierze. amasve akonkretebs meoTxe striqonic: 

àRar miyivla RimiliT, arcRa gamicina-re~. adre, roca misTvis 

sasurveli ambavi mohqonda, Turme Soridanve exmianeboda xolme 

mis Sesaxeb asmaTi, anu xmamaRla awvdida im daSorebidan saTqmels, 

romlidanac axla aRarafers agebinebs guldamZimebul mijnurs. 

sivrcis amgvari diferencireba ki, cxadia, maSin aris logikuri, 

roca igi sakmaod didia. didi sivrce ki Tavad cixis sididesac 

cxadyofs, raki isini ase arian erTimeoresTan dakavSirebulni. 

maSasadame, cxadia, rom tarielis cixe-simagre uknidan dacul 

simaRleze yofila wamomarTuli da iqidan gaSlil areals 

ara marto akontrolebda, sakuTar saxesac ki aZlevda Turme mas. 

es ki SuasaukuneTa safortifikacio nagebobebisaTvis aucilebeli 

piroba iyo. es rom asea, kidev ufro cxadia avTandilis samemkvidro 

cixisa da gansakuTrebiT ki qajeTis rusTaveluri Cvenebidan. 

avTandilis samkvidro simagris Sesaxeb igi mogviTxrobs: 

`qalaqi hqonda magari sazarod sanapirosa, 

gare klde iyo, giambob cixesa uqviTkirosa~ (149, 1-2). 

199

am cnobiT avTandili monapire, anu qveynis sasazRvro qalaqis 

patroni da gam gebeli yofila da cixec Tavisi daniSnulebis zusti 

Sesabamisi hqo nia, rogorc mdebareobiT, ise aRnagobiT. es ki iqidan 

Cans, rom igi sa za rod, anu qveynis sazRvrebis damrRvevTaTvis 

Tavisi ieriT yofila Tavzaris damcemi. xolo rogor axerxebda 

amas es cixe, an misi msgavsi sxva cixeebi, kargad Cans iqidan, Tu 

rogor frTxilad uaxlovdebian, magaliTad, qajeTis cixes, iseTi 

Cauqi meomrebic ki, rogorebic tarieli, avTandili da fridoni 

arian. 

roca es Zmadnaficebi qajTa qalaqs miuaxlovdnen da igi 

horizontze aisveta, fridonma SeaCera megobrebi da gaafrTxila: 

àqedan RamiT vla gvinda, miT aras gamJRavnebulTao~ (1384, 4); amitom 

`ra gauTendiT, dadgian da RamiT ficxla vlidiano~ (1385, 3), 

mogviTxrobs rusTveli. aqedan ki cxadi xdeba, Tu ra sivrces swvdeboda 

Turme qajTa cixis mrisxane mzera. igi dRisa da Ramis ki 

ara, mravali dRe-Ramis savals yofila dauflebuli. 

cxadia, qajTa cixis amgvarad warmoCenaSi hiperbolas Tavis 

wili aqvs, magram igi arc realurobas aris metismetad daSorebuli, 

ise aqvs igi masTan miaxloebisas dakonkretebuli rusTvels: 

200 

`movides, aCnda qalaqi mcvelTa ver dasTvalvidian, 

gare klde iyo, guSagTa xma jarviT gaadidian~ (1385, 3-4). 

davukvirdeT: miuxedavad imisa, rom es cixe Soridanve SeniSnes 

da ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi ise frTxilad miiwevdnen misken, 

rom am raindebisaTvis cxadi iyo risken midiodnen, igi mainc 

TiTqos ai axla wamoimarTa mTeli Tavisi mrisxanebiT maT winaSe. 

am gancdas rusTveli Sesabamisi TxrobiT Rawevs. imas ki ar gveubneba, 

rac ufro uaxlovdebodnen, ufro da ufro cxadi xdebodao 

igi, aramed `movidnes, aCnda! ~, rac iseT STabeWdilebas tovebs, 

TiTqos swored ai am wams wamoimarTa mTvaris sinaTleze mTeli 

Tavisi grandiozulobiT rogorc ki es sityva waikiTxe! 

maSasadame, cxadia, rom am cixeTa aRweraSi poeziaa arsebi- 

Ti; amaRlebulTan naziarebi poezia, ris gamoc imdenad asaxulis 

zusti detalizebiT ki ara, STagonebis moxdenis ZaliT Semodian 

isini CvenSi da am momnusxvelobiT gamaxsovrdebian. 

* * * 

rogorc iTqva, farsadanis `sra-samyofis~ aRwerisas 

rusTveli asaxvis sxva gzas irCevs, es sasaxle diferencirebulia 

mefis samyofad da nestanis koSkad, romelsac Tavisi auzebiani 

baRic aqvs iSviaTi frinvelebis galobiT savse, magram raki erT

galavans miRmaa orive danaxuli, mainc erTian kompleqsad aRiqmebian. 

igi ueWvelad SemaRlebulzea sagulvebeli. saidan Cans es? 

tarieli roca nestanis koSkSi misvlas, an iqidan dabrunebas igonebs, 

ramdenimejer ki xmarobs aseT gamoTqmas: `baRCa Sevvle~ (391, 

1), `SeRamda, wave, baRisa me kari Seviareo~ (405, 2), `baRCa Sevvle, 

koSki damxvda~ (516, 2), magram erT SemTxvevaSi misi sityvidanve vi- 

WerT rom es baRi damreczea gaSenebuli: àsmaT lxinsa miqadebda, 

CaviareT Sigan baRi” (395, 1). es ki marTlac mosalodnelia Tundac 

imitom rom, rogorc TandaTan gaverkveviT, es qalaqi mimdebare 

moedniTa da samefo nakrZaliT wylis piras aris gaSenebuli. ma- 

Sasadame, sasaxle koSkiTurT SemaRlebulze aris SemarTuli. 

koSki farsadanma gvian aago, kerZod maSin, roca Svilis samefod 

aRzrda gadawyvita, xolo tarieli ki mamasve daubruna (325- 

326), magram aago Tavis rezidenciis gverdiTve. amitom iyo, rom 

roca nestanis naxviT eldanacemi tarieli farsadanis sasaxleSi 

iwva `didTa darbazTa~, xolo `srulni muyrni da mulimni~ ki mis 

gons moyvanas cdilobdnen, yovelive amas Turme mSvenivrad xedavda 

nestanic, es misive werilidan Cans: 

`ZoRan xelqmnilsa giWvretdi kubosa Sina mjdomia, 

manda yvelai masmia, raca Sen gardagxdiao~ (377, 3-4). 

magram aRniSnuli, cxadia, sakmarisi ar aris imisaTvis, rom 

mTeli es kompleqsi ucebve davinaxoT, rogorc ganuyofeli 

mTlianoba raRac sivrceSi gamokveTili. amisaTvis meti sabuTi 

gvWirdeba, rac `vefxistyaosanSi~ usaTuod moipoveba. 

rogorc viciT, tarieli siyrmidanve am sasaxleSi izrdeboda, 

xolo Semdeg ki aqve ganagrZo saxelmwifo samsaxuri. imis 

mixedviT, Tu sasaxlis romel punqtSi uxdeboda mas xSiri yofna da 

ras akeTebda iq, kargad ixateba mTeli am nagebobisa da misi garemos 

raoba da rogoroba. 

roca tarieli Tavisi rainduli Cvevebis srulyofis Sesaxeb 

mogviTxrobs, axsenebs mindors, sadac igi xSirad nadirobda, 

Semdeg ki moedans, sadac burTs TamaSobda da xvewda Tavis ostatobas, 

xolo bolos ki saxls, cxadia, galavans SigniT arsebuls, 

sadac megobrebTan erTad atarebda dros, ai, ufro zustad es 

striqonebi: 

`mosrnis mxecni da nadirni, isarman Cemgan sreulman, 

merme viburTi moedans mindoriT Semoqceulman, 

Sevidi, Sevqmni nadimi, niadag lxinsa Cveulman~ (331). 

Tundac am TanmimdevrobiTac ki, romliTac tarieli mindors, 

201

moedansa da sasaxles CamoTvlis, es kompleqsi erTiani gamodis, magram, 

cxadia, arc es aris sakmarisi yovelive amis sruli warmodgenisaTvis. 

amitom mivyveT Txrobas, radgan gvelis kidev ufro 

cxadi miniSnebanic. 

nestanis koSkis karTan gondakarguli tarieli roca mefeTa 

did darbazSi mosulierda, momxdarma Zlier SeaSfoTa da Caafiqra 

kidec. Tu mis samkurnalod mowveulni amao sjas eZleodnen 

misi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, TviTon xom zustad icoda ra risgan 

sWirda?! xom SeiZleboda gonwasuls, Tu kidev daemarTeboda aseTi 

ram, bodvisas wascdenoda mijnuris saxeli? amitom axla Zala moikriba 

da mefes Seevedra: 

202 

`patrono, guli aw ukve mrTelia, 

cxensa Sejdoma mwadian, vnaxne wyalni da velniao~ (354, 3, 4). 

da ai swored amas mosdevs is striqonebi, romlebSic ukve sakmaod 

mkafiod aris naCvenebi, rogorc farsadanis sasaxle, ise misi 

mimdebare moedani da iqve axlos Camavali mdinarec, riTac, cxadia, 

marTlac ukve udavoa am samefo kompleqsis erTianoba, aqedanve 

irkveva isic, rom maTgan Sors ara yofila Turme tarielis mamiseuli 

simagrec. 

`gamoved, moviareT moedans da wylisa pirsa, 

Cemsa mive, davabrunve, mefe momyva saxlTa Zirsa~ (355, 1). 

`gamovediT~, cxadia, imas niSnavs rom isini galavniT Semokruli 

qalaqidan gavidnen da Tanac cxenebiT; moiares mis siaxloves 

mdebare moedani, xolo Semdeg ki wylis piras gavidnen da 

Cqara miaRwies tarielis cixe qalaqsac: aq am erTianobaSi es nageboba 

Tu axali punqtia, aRar Cans sanadiro mindori, magram es imas 

ar niSnavs, rom igi am kompleqsSi ar ivaraudeba, saqme isaa, rom am 

punqtebs, erTad Tu cal-calke, siuJetidan gamomdinare axsenebs 

xolme rusTveli da ara erTiani panoramis saCveneblad, igi Tvi- 

Ton unda warmovidginoT. asea Semdegac, roca am kompleqsidan 

yvelaze xSirad da Tanac ufro cxadad nestanis koSkisa da misi 

baRCis mere moedans gviCvenebs; gviCvenebs Tanac ise, rom sruliad 

ueWvels xdis qalaqis galavans gareT mis arsebobas, roca tarieli 

xataeTidan gamarjvebuli dabrunda, mefe mas qalaqgareT, 

swored am moedanze daxvda; tarieli igonebs: èdgnes turfani 

karavni moedans Camodgomilsao~ (464,1) da aq kidev erTxel gaesmis 

xazi, rom qalaqi ufro maRlaa, xolo moedani ki SedarebiT dabla, 

igi, rogorc vnaxeT, xom asevea naCvenebi istoriul qronikaSic:

ùbrZana amirspasalarsa missa zaqarias da msaxurTuxucessa 

ivanes, hereTis erisTavsa grigols da sxuaTa moymeTa da Cavides 

moedans da muniT Camovida amirmirman~... 

mefem da tarielma Rame iq gaaTies: 

`mas RamiT vsxediT nadimad, mun amod gavixareniT, 

dilasa qalaqs SevediT, moedniT aviyareniT, 

mefeman brZana: `laSqarni, uxmeniT, SemojareniT, 

dRes xataeli miCveneT, tyvenica SemomgvareniT~ (465). 

swored ai am moedanzeve istumres mogvianebiT xvarazmeli 

sasiZoc; farsadanma daavala tariels: 

`..mokazmeT moedania, 

gamoisvenos siZeman, dayos cotai xania~. 

oRond Sen ki Tavi Seikave: 

`mun misad naxvad gaviden uSenod spani sxvania, 

Sen aqa naxe, kmarian aqa naxvisa kmaniao~ (543). 

yovelive es ki, cxadia, sabolood akonkretebs qalaqis, misi 

moednis, sadRac axlove arsebuli filopatisa da maT gverdiT 

Camdinare wylis ise Tsave erTianobas, rogorc `qarTlis cxovrebis~ 

mixedviT danaxul Tbi liss axasiaTebda, Tumca, am garemoSi 

SesaZlo raRac disonansi tari e lis samemkvidros gamoCenam agrZnobinos 

vinmes, amitom amis sapasuxod n. berZeniSvilis damowmebuli 

gamokvlevidan kidev erT abzacs SemogTavazebT mxolod da 

Semdeg ki erTi kiTxviT davamTavreb am werils `1948 wlis 30 maiss 

Cemi aspirantebiT isev somxiT-gardabans vewvie, wers igi, koJris 

gzidan tabaxmelas gadavuxvieT da `serebiT~ (ase ewodeba mTis 

zurgs) Savnabadisaken wamovediT. aq tabaxmelisa da Savnabadas Sua 

erT davakebul adgilas dResac nadarbazevT ewodeba. doc. g. bregvaZis 

cnobiT (is aq metyeve iyo da didxans muSaobda) rusul rukaze 

am punqtis saxelad sandarbazevi weriao. Tu es asea, esec sainteresoa 

(samwuxarod, aseTi ruka me ver vnaxe, 5 versianze ki aseTi ram 

aRniSnuli araa). nadarbazevi (`sandarbazevi”) `serebis~ zurgzea. 

aqedan SesaniSnavad Cans Tu rogor erTian mTels da rogorc mWidro 

erTobas warmoadgenda Tbilisi krwanisiT-Sindis-wavkisiT, tabaxmela-koJriT 

(dRevandeli Sara Tavisi aTasnairi mixveulebiT 

metismetad agrZelebs manZils da koJors Tbilisidan aSorebs). 

krwanisis baRebis boloze Sindisi iwyeba, xolo tabaxmela Sin- 

203

disis gverdiTvea, iqvea wavkisic, aqve, xels gaiwvdi da koJoria. 

ase, rom es àgarebi~ uSualo midamoebia Tbilisisa... (saqarTvelos 

istoriis sakiTxebi, I, 1964, 330, xazi yvelgan avtorisia) 

axla ki im kiTxvas mivubrundeT, romliTac werilis dam- 

Tavrebas dagpirdiT: Tu `qarTlis cxovrebis~ monacemTa mixedviT 

danaxuli Tbilisi ramenairad marTlac aris areklili `vefxistyaosanSi~, 

maSin tarielis cixe-qalaqSi winandeli agara xolo 

dRevandeli koJori xom ar igulisxmeba? me Tavidanve ar davimowme, 

rogor xedavs mas vaxuSti batoniSvili. igi wers: `samxriT aris cixe 

azeulisa da aw koJrisa, Txemsa zeda kldisasa~ (qarTlis cxovreba 

1973) marTlac, xom ar aris raRac erTnairi maT Soris. aba gavixsenoT 

`mas zRudesa gardavadeg mindorTake rome vage~, e. i. `Txemsa 

zeda kldisasa~ dgas isic da daCemebul sivrces mis msgavsad 

gascqeris, da kidev: igi Zalze axloa farsadanis sasaxlesTan, 

ise axlos, rom Tavad mefe acilebs tariels iqamde: `Cemsa mive, 

davabrune, mefe momyva saxlTa Zirsa”! vfiqrobT, es kiTxva mTlad 

usafuZvlo ar unda iyos! miT umetes, roca garemos zust aslze ki 

ara, mxolod mis miTologizebul asaxvaze vsaubrobT. 

204 

damowmebani: 

beriZe 1977: beriZe T, `da aRmocenda Tbilisi~. Tb.: 1977. 

berZeniSvili 1964: berZeniSvili n. saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi. I, Tb.: 1964. 

gureviCi 1984: Гурревич А. Я. «Категорий средневековой культуры». М.: 1984. 

vaxuSti bagrationi 1973: `qarTlis cxovreba~, t. IV batoniSvili vaxuSti, aRweriloba 

samefosa saqarTvelosa~, teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT 

s. yauxCiSvilis mier, Tb.: 1973. 

zariZe 1989: zariZe x. `literaturuli saqarTvelo”, 1989 w. 2 ivnisi. 

mesxia 1982: mesxia S. `saistorio Ziebani”. sam tomad, t. I, Tb.: 1982. 

mixailovi 1976: Михаилов А. Французский рыцарский роман и вопросы типологии жанра в 

средневековой литературе; М.: «Наука», 1976. 

rusTaveli 1988: rusTaveli S. `vefxistyaosani”,. saq. ssr. mecnierebaTa akademia, SoTa 

rus Ta velis saxelobis qarTuli literaturis instituti, `vefxistyaosnis~ akademiuri 

teqstis damdgeni komisia, SoTa rusTveli, `vefxistyaosani~; Tb.: 1988. 

saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi 1979: saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi. rva tomad, t. 

III, saqarTvelo XI-XIII saukuneebSi; redaq torebi: zurab anCabaZe, viqtor guCua; Tb.: 

1979. 

`qarTlis cxovreba~ 1955: `qarTlis cxovreba~. teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi 

xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier. t. I, Tb.: 1955. 

`qarTlis cxovreba~ 1959: `qarTlis cxovreba~.teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTad 

xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier. t. II, Tb.: 1959. 

Zeglebi 1967: `Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi~. wigni II, (XI-X V ss). 

dasabeWdad moamzades: il. abulaZem, n. aTanelaSvilma, c. jRamaiam, i. abulaZis 

xelmZRvanelobiT da redaqciiT. saqarTvelos ssr. mecnierebaTa akademia, k. 

kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa instituti. Tb.: 1964. 

Zveli qarTveli mexotbeni 1964: Zveli qarTveli mexotbeni. II; iovane SavTeli, àbdulmesiani~, 

`Tamar mefisa da daviT soslanis Sesxma~. gamosacemad moamzada, 

gamokvleva, komentarebi da leqsikoni daurTo ivane lolaSvilma. Tb.: 1964. 

javaxiSvili 1986: javaxiSvili i. Txzulbani Tormet tomad. t. V, Tb.: 1986.

Khvtiso Zaridze 

Summary 

The geography of “the Knight in the Panther’s Skin” (“Vepkhistkaosani”) is 

limitless. It comprises many countries and unnamed spaces, although the common 

undertone remains Georgian: as the authors of that period sought for the characters’ 

area according the environment, which they conceived around themselves. 

Further observation in the field has given the opportunity to determine some of 

the geographical areas more precisely; Farsadan’s royal palace along with its complex is 

identical to Tamar’s residence according to “Kartli Life” (“Kartlis Tskhovreba”). 

205

polikarpe kakabaZe 

206 

mwerlis arqividan 

polikarpe kakabaZis arqivi 

masalebi tragediisaTvis `Tamari~ 

polikarpe kakabaZis arqivSi, saqaRaldeebSi m–8 da m-9 moTavsebulia 

masalebi tragediisaTvis `Tamari~. es aris Canafiqri 

piesisaTvis Tamar mefisa da misi epoqis Sesaxeb. 

maxsovs, 1945-1946 wlebis zamTari da gazafxuli, mamaCemi 

gansakuTrebiT xSirad laparakobda rusTavelze, `vefxistyaosnis~ 

teqsts ambobda grZnobiT, TiTqmis sul zepirad icoda poema. 

sxvebisaTvis naklebad mniSvnelovan detalebs da epizodebs igi 

aanalizebda skrupulozurad, xSirad sruliad axali kuTxiT da 

originalurad. 

zemoxsenebul saqaRaldeebSi ganTavsebuli masalebi, gegmebi, 

siuJetis sxvadasxva variaciebi, moqmed pirTa daxasiaTebani, 

zogierTi daumTavrebeli scenebi da sxva, Cvenis varaudiT da masalis 

SeswavliT, 1935-1946 wlebSi unda iyos dawerili. 

erT-erT uZveles xelnawerSi `kaxaberis xmlisa~, romelic 

`baxtrionis~ saxelwodebas atarebda pirvel xanebSi, ukve aris 

Canafiqri tragediisa `Tamari~. `baxtrionis~ es xelnawerebi 

1935-1936 wlebiT TariRdeba da amrigad, `Tamaris~ Canafiqric da 

pirveli monaxazebi, meoce saukunis 30-iani wlebisa unda iyos. 

m-8 saqaRaldis f. # 3 TariRiania, mas aweria _ `27/V~, magram 

weli miTiTebuli ar aris. 

mimaCnia, rom saqaRaldeSi m-8 moTavsebuli xelnawerebi ufro 

adreulia, vidre saqaRaldeSi m-9, sxva mosazrebebis paralelurad, 

melanze dakvirvebiTac. 

saqaRalde m-8-Si moTavsebuli avtografebi Sesrulebulia 

swored iseTi melniTa da kalmiT, rogoric gvqonda Cven bavSvobisas, 

mowafeobis wlebSi (`semiCka pero~). imavenair kalamsa da melans 

xmarobda polikarpe kakabaZe 30-iani wlebis Sua periodSiac da 40iani 

wlebis Sua xanebamde. mxolod, daaxloebiT 1945-1946 wlebSi 

SeiZina mudmivi kalami, romelic ivseboda specialuri melniT. 

swored omis Semdgom wlebSi, man moitana am mudmivi kalmisaTvis 

mwvane da lurji melnebi. am mudmivi kalmiTa da, xan mwvane da 

xan lurji feris melniT daiwyo wera. im dros igi ojaxTan

erTad cxovrobda qviSxeTSi, dimitri yifianis saxlSi, mweralTa 

dasasvenebel saxlad rom iyo gadakeTebuli. 

is teqsti, romelic ganTavsebulia m-9 saqaRaldeSi, Cveni 

varaudiT, 1945-1946 wlebisaa, Cveni dakvirvebani dafuZnebulia 

ZiriTadad im faqtorze, Tu romeli melniT aris Sesulebuli 

xelnaweri da am xelnaweris SedarebiT sxva avtografebTan. 

mwvane melniT da mudmivi kalmiT wera mamaCemma daiwyo qviSxeTSi, 

1945-1946 wlebis zamTarSi. e. i. m-8 xelnaweri Sesrulebuli 

unda iyos 1935-1944 wlebSi, xolo saqaRalde m-9-Si moTavsebuli 

mwvane melniT Sesrulebuli avtografi unda ganekuTvnebodes 

1945-1946 wlebis zamTars. 

vecade avtografis danomvrisas da dawyobisas maTi Tanamimdevroba 

aRmedgina. xelnaweris furclebi metad areuli iyo, me 

isini davajgufe Sinaarsis mixedviT da gamovacalkeve erTmaneTisagan 

garkveuli jgufebi, rom mwerlis Canafiqri warmomeCina da 

Sinaarseuli kavSiri odnav mainc aRmdgariyo calkeul epizodebs 

Soris, romlebic gankuTvnili iyo erTiani nawarmoebis Sesaqmnelad. 

es aris Savi masala tragediisaTvis `Tamari~, magram igi avtors 

aRar daumTavrebia. 

polikarpe kakabaZes mudmivad xels uSlidnen da pirdapir 

ukrZalavdnen istoriul Temebze muSaobas, ase rom, droebiT gadadebuli 

mravali Canafiqri samudamod daumTavrebeli darCa. 1946 

wels komunisturi partiis centraluri komitetis plenumze mwerali 

daamuSaves da daWeriT daemuqrnen, Tu istoriul Tematikaze 

muSaobas ar Sewyvetda. maxsovs, 1947 wlis gazafxulze, qviSxeTSi, 

sadac Cven imJamad vcxovrobdiT, Camovida kaci, Cekisti, romelmac 

polikarpe kakabaZes xelnawerebi Seumowma, rom gaego, Tu ra 

Temaze muSaobda mwerali. im xanebSi igi ukve muSaobda tragediaze 

`demetre meore~, magram iZulebuli iyo es samuSao droebiT gadaedo 

da sxva, Tanamedrove Tematikaze daewyo muSaoba. `demetres~ 

dasruleba man mxolod 1971 wels SeZlo, gardacvalebamde erTi 

wliT adre. xolo tragedia Tamar mefis Sesaxeb aRarasodes dasrulebula. 

* * * 

aq warmodgenili teqsti mxolod nawyvetia Savi masalisa tragediisaTvis 

`Tamari~. 

piesis teqsts aqvs Tavisebureba. igi Cveulebrivi proza ar 

aris. aq saTqmeli gadmocemulia metad SekumSuli formiT, makav- 

Sirebeli sityvebi, saxelebi da nacvalsaxelebi xSirad gamotovebulia 

da mxolod igulisxmeba. aseTia zogadad piesis specifika. 

207

dialogi moiTxovs makavSirebeli sityvebis da zogjer saxelebis 

maqsimalurad Sekvecas, rac Cveulebriv prozaSi ar xdeba. xolo 

piesis Sav masalaSi es specifika kidev ufro gamZafrebulia. aq warmodgenili 

teqsti mxolod Canafiqria piesisaTvis `Tamari~, sadac 

TiTqmis yoveli winadadeba garkveuli gegmaa erT-erTi scenisaTvis, 

romelic mxolod Semdgom, dialogis saxiT unda daiweros, 

Semoqmedebis axal etapze. 

am CanawerebSi aris agreTve personaJTa daxasiaTebani, romlis 

mixedviT unda ganviTardes am personaJis roli da moqmedeba 

piesaSi. 

nawarmoebSi raindobis epoqaa aRebuli, romelic rusTvelis 

esTetikidan sazrdoobs. aq klasikur samkuTxeds _ ori mamakaci 

da erTi qali (SoTa, daviT soslani da Tamari), emateba meoTxe, 

aseve ZiriTadi personaJi _ giorgi rusi, romlis saSualebiTac 

mwerali gansakuTrebiT amwvavebs konfliqts. piesis Canafiqri 

dasaTaurebulia ase: `Tamari, tragedia xuT moqmedebad~. rogor 

unda ganviTarebuliyo tragedia? CanafiqrSi miniSnebulia konfliqturi 

situaciebi: mefe qalze, Tamarze uimedod Seyvarebulebi, 

keTilSobili raindi da pirovneba, daviT soslani da SoTa _ 

poeti da amave dros, raindi, erTdroulad megobrebic arian da 

siyvarulSi mocileebic, isini dapirispirebulni arian. xolo 

orive upirispirdeba xelisuflebisaTvis mebrZol, uzneo rainds, 

giorgi russ, romelsac aqvs mwvave konfliqti TamarTanac, So- 

TasTanac, daviTTanac, xalxTanac da eklesiasTanac. 

konfliqti aris Tamaris xasiaTSic, romelsac uyvars SoTa, 

magram movaleobis gamo uars ambobs sakuTar grZnobebze. 

sami raindis bedi piesis monaxazSi ukve gansazRvruli aqvs 

avtors: erTi _ SoTa, midis monasterSi berad, giorgi _ ukunSi, 

xolo mesame _ daviTi, rCeba uuflebo taxtze, romelsac dedofali 

eubneba, rom uyvars SoTa. samives bedi tragikulia. 

targikulia dedoflis bedic. radgan uars ambobs siyvarulze 

movaleobis sanacvlod. igi rCeba wmindanad, Sewirulad 

qveynisaTvis, gamarjvebebiT savse mefed, magram tragikul qalad, 

romelmac uari Tqva Tavis grZnobebze. 

nawarmoebis CanafiqrSi figurireben agreTve mliqvneluri 

mwerlobis warmomadgenlebi, karis poetebi, romlebic upirispirdebian 

SoTas da mis gaZevebaSi garkveul rols asruleben (es iyo 

analogi dramaturgis Tanadroul, mliqvnelur mwerlobasTanac, 

romelic eris zneobaze uaryofiTad moqmedebda). 

polikarpe kakabaZes miaCnda, rom rusTavelis winaaRmdeg 

intrigebSi didi roli unda eTamaSaT mis uniWo da uRirs 

208

Tanamokalmeebs. 

polikarpe kakabaZe Tamaris Sesaxeb wers: `mTel mis mefobis 

xanaSi ar aris sikvdiliT sasjeli, es aris udidesi humanizmi, da 

amis Sesadarisad poeziac iZleva vefxis tyaosnis umaRles gmirebs, 

uRrmes siyvaruls da megobrobis saxeebs~. 

swored es _ uRrmesi siyvaruli, rusTavelis epoqis maRali 

zneobis gmirebi da maTi sulieri tkivilebi da tragizmi unda yofiliyo 

nawarmoebis Tema. 

rusTavelis epoqis umaRlesi idealebi unda warmoCeniliyo 

dramaturgis mier Tanamedrove, axleburi formiT da masSi Cadebuliyo 

Tanamedrove epoqis tragizmi da tkivilebi. 

`meTormete saukunis kacobrioba sainteresoa. mTel kacobriobaSi 

iwyeba niSnebi renesansis. saqarTveloSi ki am dros namdvili 

klasikuri renesansi poeziaSia da politikaSic. renesanss 

kacobriobisaTvis iwyebs saqarTvelo Zlierad da Rrmad~, _ wers 

polikarpe kakabaZe jer kidev 1946 wels. 

mwerlis es mosazreba mxars uWers im periodisaTvis sruliad 

axal koncefcias qarTuli renesansis Sesaxeb, romelic Salva 

nucubiZem wamoayena. 

teqsti masalebidan piesisaTvis `Tamari~, ise rogorc mwerlis 

avtografSia daculi (saqaRalde m-8). 

Tamari 

siuJeti 

daviTi zis gaWrili udaburSi, masTan cxovrobs nana – mSvenieri 

qalwuli, ZiZis Svili, romlis saqmaroc mouklavT. 

rusTavelic gaWrilia Tamaris siyvaruliT, masTan cxovrobs 

vaJi. 

27/V 

Semodis rusisagan gaqceuli didebuli. 

russ cbierebiT auSvia Tamaris garSemo Seyvarebulni, Seuwyvia 

xeli mleqsavebisTvis da ganuzraxavs erotikosTa wre Seqmnas 

Tamaris garSemo, CasZiros is garyvnilebaSi da am cbieri xerxiT 

TiTon daeuflos saxelmwifos, Tamari ki sitkboebaSi da garyvnilebaSi 

Cafluli moswyvitos samefo saqmeebs, daukargos mas 

gavlena, `sodom-gomori~ Seqmnas mis garSemo, aqcios is marilis 

svetad da Semdeg risxvis wvimiT daadnos. 

209

SoTam es igrZno da igi, Seyvarebuli Tamarzed, moSorda 

sasaxles da gaiWra tyeSi, im midamoSi, sadac momkvdara sami Zma 

narini, Tamarzed Seyvarebulni – is fiqrobs, rom maT ferfls 

etyvis, rom isini ar yofilan amdenad Seyvarebulni, da grZnobs 

im ferflTa mimarT aRSfoTebas da zeimobs maTze, rom amis guli 

feTqs siyvaruliT, maTi ki gaciebulia da sicocxle ufroa mar- 

Tali sikvdilzed. 

aq SoTa Sexvdeba daviTs, cocxals, siyvaruliT gaWrils. 

SoTa da daviTi grZnoben erTmaneTis mimarT iWvs. 

yoveli maTgani fiqrobs, rom siyvarulis Rirsi marto is aris 

qveyanazed da ara meore, sabuTs mosTxoven erTimeores da amboben, 

rom arc leqsi da arc tyeT gaWra ar aris sabuTi ueWveli, rom tyeT 

gaWra SeiZleba iyos mibaZva namdvil moleqseTa, romlis Rirsebas 

adamiani WeSmaritad yovelTvis ver Seafasebs. maSin daviTs mohyavs 

sabuTad vefxi, romelsac is zrdis lekvobidan, adarebs ra mas Tavis 

siyvaruls da moelis misgan daglejas da mainc ar hklavs. 

da rusTavels aocebs es ambavi da Tma yalyzed udgeba, 

rodesac daviTi Sedis gvirabSi – uiaraRod. 

iqedan gamosuli daviTi upirebs Sebmas SoTas, Tu SoTa dai- 

Cemebs Tavis siyvaruls da ar warmoudgens amazed did sabuTs. 

SoTa mouyveba ra mdgomareobaSia Tamari, rogor moqmedebs cbieri 

skviTi, rogor darTes mas neba da Seuqmnes piroba iseTi, rom mis 

mier Seyvarebuli, misTvis yofiliyo misawvdomi, da rogor uarhyo 

man es bedniereba Tavis maRali siyvarulis xaTriT, Tamaris 

siwmindisaTvis rogor gaswira man uzenaesi netareba da misca Tavi 

saSiSroebas. 

SoTas ambiT SeZrwunebuli daviTi midis vefxzed saomrad, 

Tavis mosaklavad, magram SoTa Sehyveba iaraRiT, mohklavs vefxs, 

magram iWreba vefxisagan da is gamohyavs gulwasuli daviTs da 

axla mas moasulierebs da moibrunebs maszed guls. 

Semodis giorgi Tavisi jariT. 

daviTi brZoliT ixevs ukan da stovebs daWrils. 

giorgi Caigdebs tyved SoTas, mis ubidan amoiReben leqss 

Tamarzed. 

giorgi pirdeba jars, rom mefe – qals pasuxs mosTxovs. 

giorgi gamarjvebuli modioda brZolidan da gzazed gaimarjva 

ojaxzedac. 

rusTavelis monas ki gauSvebs win, raTa Tamars gadasces ambavi 

SoTas Sepyrobis da aRaSfoTos igi Tavis winaaRmdeg. giorgis 

surs axlave gaaCaRos omi TamarTan, fiqrobs, rom momwifda dro 

misi gamarjvebis. 

210

II 

ptoxomi da ptoxoprodromi kamaToben mdivanTan da vaWroben 

Tavis qebaTa Sesaxeb _ yoveli maTgani Tavis dawerils aqebs 

da acodebs Tavs mdivans Tavis siRaribiT, magram erTmaneTs saSinlad 

abaTileben rogorc moleqseebsac da rogorc adamianebsac. 

gamodis Tamari da eubneba maT, rom sityva RmerTs moucia grZnobaTa 

da azrTa gamoTqmis da ara manWiobisTvis da sicruisTvis, 

rom sityva aris cocxali, rodesac is kavSirSia adamianebTan da 

mkvdaria, da sazizRari, rodesac is mowyvetilia Tavis bunebas – 

simarTles. 

modis giorgi gamarjvebiT, rixiT da SoTas ambiT. misi xerxia 

ar damalos Tavisi nakli – garyvnileba, raTa amiT srulad gaaba- 

Tilos Tamaris aRSfoTeba. 

Tamari aRSfoTebulia, grZnobs, rom man dahkarga mefoba da 

grZnobs, rom gaisrisebian yvela misi megobrebi. isini sTxoven 

Tamars gadaarCinos simarTle. Tamari kars uRebs xalxs da moulodnelad 

giorgisTvis, romelsac hgonia, rom es mis sazeimod ewyoba, 

Tamari ganacxadebs, rom is tyveobaSia, zneobriv tyveobaSia 

da misi suli, codvis mier datyvevebuli, samudamod daSorda aq 

Tavisuflebas, da iq RmerTs. 

xalxi garedan Semodis. maT gaugiaT garyvnileba da apireben 

giorgis gasresas, magram Tamaris ukanaskneli sityvebi ixsnis 

fizikur sasjelisagan. 

gulanis da sxvaTa feodalebi, tyveebi, miiReben Tamarisagan 

brZanebas, SemouerTdnen qarTvel jars, Tamari moxsnis gadasaxads, 

da Tavis salarodan Sehpirdeba daxmarebas dangreuli meCe- 

Tis aRsadgenad. 

brZanebs gauxsnan gzebi vaWrebs maT qveynebSi, isini sapasuxod 

miuTiTeben nuqardinis warmomadgenelzed, rom maTi CagonebiT 

daiwyes omi da amieridan iqnebian kavSirSi TamarTan. 

isini erTmaneTTan gamosTqvamen aRtacebas Tamaris simSvenieriT 

da gadawyveten daimsaxuron Tamaris siyvaruli, iyvnen misi 

monebi. 

nuqardinisagan modis moTxovnileba, gaanTavisuflon tyve 

gulaneli da sxva xanebi. 

Tamari aTavisuflebs maT da aZlevs saCuqars. 

nuqardinisagan yofila moTxovnileba, rom gaugzavnos mas 

mefem nawili nadavlisa da ori xanis moWrili Tavi. 

Tamari tyveebs daubrunebs TavianT ganZs da aTavisuflebs 

211

da nuqardins uTvlis, rom is ganZi tyveebs daubrunda, tyveebi 

ganaTavisufla, Tavebi ki RvTisagan ekuTvnis maT tans da tansve 

daubrunda. 

xanis tani ki, romelic giorgim maT col-Svils gaugzavna, 

mierTmeva masve saWmelad jojoxeTSi eSmakisagan. 

kikino. oratori, demagogi. 

Seuracxyofilia giorgis mier. giorgim wamoakra, rom misi 

coli bolomde ar moewona. 

rodesac dainaxavs, rom saswori ixreba Tamarisken, Tan gamdidrebas 

da mtrebze SurisZiebas kisruloben, gamova braldebiT 

giorgis winaaRmdeg – Semdeg, mesame moqmedebaSi, is giorgis mier 

daqiravebuli oratoria Tamaris winaaRmdeg – is mravaljer icvlis 

fronts. gamodis yovelTvis xalxis ganwyobilebis mxarezed, 

da Tavi ise moaqvs, TiTqo mas mihyavs xalxi, namdvilad ki, TviTon 

iseTive uprincipoa da daundobeli, rogorc xalxi. 

bolos ki, xalxis winaaRmdeg gamodis, da ambobs, rom xalxi 

iseTi daundobelia da Wreli, gautaneli, rom mefes, arc erTs, sam 

dRezed mets ar gaaCerebs, da uflebamosili xalxi, arc RmerTs 

datovebs Seugineblad. xalxi Saris Tavia, da gamomgonebeli jojoxeTisa, 

ciliswamebisa, sixarbisa da matyuarobisa, da kanoni misi 

icavs qurds, zeca badebs kanons da miwa kanonis damarRvevels. 

212 

I moqmed. 

SoTas da daviTis Sexvedra. 

isini da giorgi Tavis amaliT. 

giorgis simkacre da uzneoba. 

II moqmed. 

moSaireni da sasaxlis amala. 

qarTuli patiosneba. 

nuqardinis kacTan giorgis trabaxi, raTa aicilos maTi Semoseva, 

aq me var da ara qalio. 

konfliqti Tamaris da giorgis. 

giorgis gaqceva da Tamaris mier mowyalebis SeTvla da ke- 

Tilmezoblobis Txovna nuqardinisadmi. 

SoTas ganTavisufleba da siyvaruli, raic mJRavndeba 

siyvarulzed msjelobiT.

siyvaruli aris vneba, magram locvac vnebaa, magram arc erTi 

xati ar iqneba ise wminda, rogors mijnuris saxe, magram es aris bermonazvnuri 

Tqma, magram me ar vadareb xats Cems sayvarels, me mas 

vxedav cocxals, is aris ufro vefxis saxe. ar aris is maradiuli, 

is aris erTaderTi da rac yofila da rac iqneba, imis garda, _ sul 

tyuilia. 

Cemi sityvebi siyvarulis sisxlad iRvreba, marTali sityva 

sisxlia, Cemi gulis sisxliT (Cemi siyvarulze TqmuliT), gaZReba 

momavali eri. 

me siyvarulma mqna uxorcoT da Senc uxorcoT meCvenebi, me 

vnebam mqna zedmetad qveyanazed, da saflavs veZeb, da nuTu isic 

Zneli sapovnelia. 

_ Zneli sapovnelia Cemi saflavi, vinaidan me iq mimaqvs didi 

siyvaruli. 

boroti kaci locvis Jams ufro borotia. 

Tamarzed sweren mematianeni, ise, TiTqo Tamari iyos naxati... 

magram eri laparakobs maszed, rogorc cocxalzed. 

Tamaris saxeSi zecis Zalaa da mis xelSi eris Zalaa. 

mis saxeSi izrdeba zeca da mis xelSi eris Zala. 

Tamars ar uyvars laparaki, magram Cven gviyvars misi laparaki, 

radgan Tamaris laparaki misi mSvenieri saxis nawilia. 

mefeni arian yvelaze ubedurni, radgan isini cxovroben 

risxvis dros da aRasruleben Tavis risxvas saSinlad, Tavis gulis 

gareSe, 

da iqmen alerss uZirfasess adamianTaTvis Tavis nebis gareSe 

– mefe asrulebs nebas droisas da ara sakuTaris gulisas, mxolod 

Tamaris risxva da alersi aris marTali mudam, rogorc RmerTis 

risxva da Sewyaleba. 

* * * 

polikarpe kakabaZis masalebi tragediisaTvis `Tamari~ Cven 

davyaviT jgufebad garkveuli principebis mixedviT. 

zemoT warmodgenilia xelnawerTa jgufi # 1, (m-8, f. 3-6). am xelnaweris 

dasawyisi ramdenime striqoni Sesrulebulia fanqriT, 

danarCeni iisferi melniT, swored imgvariT, rogorsac XX saukunis 

30-40-ian wlebSi xmarobdnen masiurad sawerad. 

teqsts axasiaTebs Taviseburi Sinagani ritmi, Cven vecadeT 

striqonebi maqsimalurad dagvewyo ise, rogorc es avtors aqvs 

xel-nawerSi, misi Sinagani kanonzomierebis gaTvaliswinebiT (m.k.). 

213

214 

* * * 

polikarpe kakabaZe, masalebi tragediisaTvis `Tamari~. 

xelnawerTa jgufi # 2, m-8, f. 7-9. igi warmoadgens gegmas 

nawarmoebisa. 

teqsti: 

Tamari 

I moqmed. 

SoTa da daviTis Sexvedra tyeSi. maTi sastiki winaaRmdegoba 

da daviTis mier daWrili SoTas da mokluli vefxis mitoveba. 

maTi paJebi. 

isini da giorgi rusi, romelmac SoTa Seipyro. 

II moqmed. 

Tamaris ganTavisufleba qmrisgan. 

aq aRSfoTebuli Tamari. 

Tamari da SoTa. 

damSvidebuli Tamaris mier giorgis gapareba, vinaidan ver 

isvenebs Tamari, rodesac is tyveTa hyavs. 

nuqardinis warmomadgenlis winadadeba, Tamaris aRSfoTeba. 

ciliswameba Tamarzed, rom mas unda Seurigdes giorgis. 

I 

Tamaris ganTavisufleba qmrisgan. 

mravali winadadebebi. 

Tamaris mier ganTavisufleba da gapareba rusisa. 

daviTis movlena sasaxleSi. 

zaqariasTvis Zlierebis Cabareba. 

daviTis gaWra. 

SoTas gaZeveba. 

II 

daviTis da SoTa Sexvedra tyeSi. 

I moqmed. 

I 

Tamaris ganTavisufleba giorgi rusisagan.

mravali winadadebebi – TiTqos margaliti gadmovarda da 

vinc moaswrebs, misi iqneba. 

daviTis gaWra velad, rodesac pirvelad naxa Tamari, 

am gamosvlis dros – mitoveba laSqrisa. 

II 

gvirabSi daviTi naxulobs SoTas, romelsac vefxi aRuzrdia. 

ukvirs da SoTa auxsnis. isini mtrulad ganSordebian erTmaneTs. 

SoTasTan modian maxarobelni daviTisa. 

SoTa midis Tavis mosaklavad. daviTi Semobrundeba SoTasTan 

sabrZolvelad da midis misken. 

Semodian maxarobelni da daviTs Semoyavs daWrili SoTa. 

maTi kamaTi siyvarulzed. 

SoTa gadawyvets Tavi misces vefxs. 

daviTs mosdis winadadeba SeirTos Tamari. 

III 

daviTi grZnobs Tavs bednierad. 

Semodis SoTa da midis vefxis tyaosnis dasawerad Tamaris 

dalocviT. 

Tamari anTavisuflebs giorgis. 

daviTis aRSfoTeba da xelis aReba yvelaferzed. 

ambavi nuqardinis Semosevisa. 

daviTi moelis Tamaris moTokvas. 

wynari Tamari ubrZanebs zaqarias gaartyas sila elCs. 

Tamari iRebs brZolis iniciativas, gaixdis fexzed, raTa 

gahyves ers. 

IV 1 

gamarjvebul Tamaris erTa banaki, sadac moaqvT davla. 

daviTi gabaTilebulad grZnos Tavs. 

modis ambavi giorgi rusis ajanyebis. 

daviTs eZleva saSualeba aq ibrZolos da Tavis mamakacoba 

daadginos. 

IV 2 

giorgis banaki. 

demagogebi. 

Semosvla gamarjvebulis daviTisa. 

ambavi vefxistyaosnisa. 

215

V 

Tamaris kamaTi patriarqTan vefxistyaosanzed. 

kaTalikosis mier akrZalva poemisa da Tamaris Tanxmoba. 

Sinagani zeimi daviTisa. 

Tamaris mier ganTavisufleba giorgis. 

daviTis iWvianoba giorgisagan Tamarzed. 

Tamaris pasuxi, rom mas uyvars SoTa. 

daviTis saxalxod aRSfoTeba. 

SoTas Sekveca berad. 

Tamaris sityva. 

SoTas, giorgis da daviTis Sexvedra. 

SoTas gamgzavreba ierusalimisaken da amisTvis daviTis 

mier ori gamyolis mirTmeva SoTasTvis, ori monis mirTmeva giorgisTvis, 

da samTaves daRoneba, rom erTi midis monasterSi, meore 

ukunSi da mesame rCeba uuflebo taxtzed. 

gamarjvebuli sardlis zaqarias moxseneba da Tamaris 

brZaneba, emzados eri xorasanzed gasalaSqreblad. 

giorgis gamomSvidobeba TamarTan. 

SoTas da Tamaris gamomSvidobeba. 

216 

masalebi tragediisaTvis `Tamari~. 

Tamaris daxasiaTeba.xelnawerTa jgufi # 2, m-8, f. 9. 

teqsti: 

Tamari 

fizikur uZlurebaSi amave dros atarebs udides Zalas – siyvaruls, 

zneobas mamakacurs – (gmiruls). 

Tanaswrobis da yovlis winaSe Tvinierebis grZnobasTan er- 

Tad atarebs mefur gvirgvins, da gvirgvins pativs scems rogorc 

Tavis ers. 

sxeulis swraf warmavlobas grZnobs, Tanasworad miaCnia yvela. 

adamianis garegnobas da sxeuls arad Tvlis, mxolod arCevs 

erTmaneTisgan sulis Tvisebas, radgan mas Tvlis maradiulad da 

amave dros atarebs Tavis sxeulSi ideals garegnul silamazisas. 

mas bunebaSi aqvs sisxlisadmi siZulvili, ezizReba brZola 

(brZola sulmdabalTa arsebobisaTvis da angarebisaTvis), da amav 

dros, rodesac ers da maRal simarTles saSiSroeba moelis, SmagaT 

aenTeba gamarjvebis wyurviliT da aerTebs yvelas brZolisTvis 

didi gulmxurvalebiT da jaris SeerTebis da dawyobis dros,

unebrivi mtreduri umankoeba gamoiCens sibrZnes gvelisas. misi 

sinaze da sirbile gamoiCens simtkices rusudanze metad. 

meomarTa SerCevis dros is ambobs, rom ukvdaveba erisa aris 

misi gamarjveba, da Wkuac da madlic da simarTlec da netareba 

gamarjvebaa, da eri cocxlobs brZoliT, rogorc calke adamiani 

sunTqviT. 

is ambobs, rom adamiani mxecisagan miT ganirCeva, rom adamianma 

icis sxvisTvis sikvdili, erisTvis Tavganwirva, mas uyvars 

Tavisi eri yvela xalxzed metad, da sxva erebi uyvars imitom, rom 

Tavisi eri uyvars. amave dros, rodesac sakuTari eri aujanydeba, 

is ucxoelebis maxviliT ebrZvis. is grZnobs Tavis siwmindes, siwrfeles 

Seuracxyofilad, eris gundruki, romelic wmindaT miaCnda, 

Seiqna siflideT, da is ebrZvis Tavis ers, rogorc patiosani deda 

Seuracxmyofel Svils. is am azrzea, rom maRali zneobiT, TavganwirulebiT, 

_ adamianebi arian gmirebi, magram maTi gavlenis qveS 

myofebs, gadaedeba maTi suli, _ Tu isini ZalauflebaSia. magram 

Tu isini damarcxebulia, maTi mowinaaRmdege mdabal bunebis mqone- 

Ta gavlenis qveS moeqceva eri – da ixrwneba da iRupeba. 

mas swams maRali erotiuli siyvaruli, magram mas sTvlis gansakuTrebul 

pirTa niWad, rogorc gmirobas, radgan siyvaruli vnebaa 

da zneobis gareSe Seiyvarebs ara gmiri. magram gmirobis mibaZva 

xalxs akeTilSobilebs, radgan mibaZva gmiris Znelia da keTilis 

moqmedebaa SeZlebisamebr. Zalas zrdis mibaZva mijnurTa, mibaZva 

moleqseTa ki advilia da moiTxovs marto sicrues, niRabs da ara 

msxverpls, ara saqmes – yovelive ki rac umsxverploa, usindisoa. 

amitom ar aris is Setanili saxarebaSi. is poulobs udides netarebas 

borotTa zeda da mterTa zeda gamarjvebaSi, da _ ara nakleb 

netarebas, Semdeg damarcxebulTa SewyalebaSi, patiebaSi. 

adamianma Tvla ar icis grZnobiT, is Tanasworad iRebs tanjvas 

erTisas Tu aTasisas. 

rusis mokvlis momxrea kaTalikosi, da mas mimarTavs Tamari 

xerxiT – mimarTavs rogorc moZRvars, da etyvis, rom masSi didia 

grZnoba SurisZiebis, Tavs ver ikavebs mkvlelobisagan, da unda 

misi wamebiT mokvla, da aTqmevinebs kaTalikoss, rom es araqristianuli 

grZnoba aris, da kaTalikosisagan ismens mas, rac TviTon 

surda eTqva. 

217

masalebi tragediisaTvis `Tamari~. 

xelnawerTa jgufi # 3, m-8, f. 10-12. 

naweri Sesrulebulia igive melniTa da kalmiT. 

`Tamaris~ xelnawerTa jgufebSi, umetes SemTxvevaSi, 

furclebi orive mxaresaa naweri. 

aq gadmocemulia nawarmoebis Canafiqris Sinaarsi (m.k.). 

218 

teqsti: 

I 

Tamaris mdivani da rusudani laparakoben Tamaris ganwyobilebaze, 

amboben, rom is uTqmelad sWkneba, da Tavis moTmineba, 

rogorc wurbela, mas sisxlsa swovs. 

Semodian prodromi da proxoprodromi. 

isini (moiTxoven mdivanisagan fuls), laparakoben mefeTa si- 

Zurwezed da eSiniaT giorgis axirebisa. Semdeg dascinian erTmaneTs 

da orive ki SoTas, romelsac TamarisaTvis guli uTxovia. 

ptoxoprodromis laparakSi muqarac aris Tamaris mimarT, 

etyoba, misTvis ubrZanebia giorgis qebaSi Sxami Seaparos da cili 

daswamos Tamars SoTasTan. 

Semodian xaTunebi da moaqvT ambavi mefis simkacrisa da veragobis, 

da uwyalobis da moiTxoven Tamarisagan Sewyalebas. 

did xans sdums, Tavs ikavebs pasuxisagan. 

Tamari upasuxebs, rom uZluria maTzed RvTis risxva Seanelos, 

misi garegnuli srulyofileba (da qaluri sinaze da Tviniereba), 

romelsac is TiTqo yuradRebas ar aqcevs, gavlenas axdens 

mis moqmedebaTa klasikur zomierebazed, da misi garegnoba da 

saqme erT stilSi modis, da maRali ubraloebac dasrulebaa misi 

srulyofilebis (SoTa). 

ricxvs tanjulTa ar aqcevs yuradRebas SoTa, misTvis mTavaria 

xarisxi, da TamarisaTvis mTavaria ricxvi, da kamaToben am 

sakiTxzed. 

me mabaria ricxvi, da Sen gabaria xarisxi, eubneba Tamari, da aq 

iwyeba Cveni Seurigebloba. 

yrmobisas Cvens sulzed moqmedebda mwife xili mcenareebzed, 

mas me ganvicdidi rogorc maRal Semoqmedebas, da rodesac 

gavizardeT, uyurebT ubralod. ase uyurebs Semdeg Wabuki qalis 

silamazes, rogorc Semoqmedebis srulyofilebas, magram Semdeg 

me kidev avmaRldi, da axla qalebs ar uyureb rogorc gvirgvins.

Cemi bunebisaTvis ufro maRalia srulyofili zneoba, da xili ki, 

Tamaris saxea (patriarqi). 

da nu scodaven TavianT RmerTs, Tu undaT iyon Sewyalebulni. 

giorgi fiqrobs, rom yvelaferi aris gamarjveba da zneoba 

araferia. 

Semodis zaqaria da eubneba Tamars, rom giorgim misi Sepyroba 

gadaswyvita da is mzad aris Seewiros samefos, Tu ar xedavdes, rom 

samefos moelis daRupva da Tamars ubedureba. 

aqve didebulebis msjelobidan gamoirkveva, rom giorgi mama 

gadauyenebiaT Tamaris sasargeblod, radgan ver autaniaT misi 

despotoba, axirebuloba da rusi ki maszed uaresia Tavis uloRiko 

saqcieliT. is aSinebs yvelas da Tanac principad aqvs ucnaurad 

moiqces, radgan gvirgvinosanis gaugebari da auxsneli simkacre 

ufro aSinebs xalxs, vidre meti simkacre. magram axsnili auxsneli 

simkacre saSiSroebaSi agdebs yvelas. giorgi moridebiT epyroba 

mxolod rusudans mTel sasaxleSi da gonierad zrunavs jarzed 

da mis umcros Semadgenlobazed. 

Tamars ucqerian rogorc keTils, pasiurs, metis metad momTmens, 

magram zaqarias gamoutydeba, rom icis mdgomareoba giorgis, 

is jars ar ryvnis, samxedro Zalas ar asustebs da amave dros Tavis 

daRupvisaken miemarTeba da Tamari ar Caereva, radgan amiT xels 

SeuSlis mis daRupvas. 

giorgi Semodis qalaqSi gamarjvebuli. misi moTxovniT eri 

qalaqSi egebeba mas daCoqili da moTxovs jars pur-Rvino miarTvan 

moqalaqeebma. 

rusudan sZravs Tamars da aswavlis rogor daiWiros sworad 

Tavi da Seacodos ers Tavis Tavi da daicvas taxti giorgisagan. 

Semodis mxargrZeli da moaxsenebs Tamars, rom mzad aris Tavis 

jariT gadaarCinos taxti moZaladisagan da urCevs aiRos xmali 

qmarzed, Torem eri gansacdelSia da mTeli eri mzad aris misTvis, 

rom afeTqdes. 

Semodian giorgis mier awiokebulni da qvrivad darCenilni 

da Tamari asaCuqrebs maT da Tavis nivTebs aZlevs. 

giorgi aRSfoTebulia Tamarzed da dascinis, Tu ggonia, rom 

xalxs uyvars keTili mflobeli, marTla bavSvis goneba gaqvso. 

Sen mag saqcieliT fiqrob momerio, Sen siwmindiT ginda gavlena 

moixveWo, Cemi pasuxi ki maxvili iqnebao. Tamari upasuxebs, rom 

maradiuli aris keTili, yvelafris zeviT is aris, keTilma ar icis 

erovneba, WeSmaritebamac ar icis erovneba, da matyuara qarTveli 

219

nu daCagravs marTals ucxoels. Tu qarTvelma veragoba ixmara iaraRiT, 

gana aseT siverages ucxo mets ar iSovis? 

giorgi moiwvevs uxucesebs da spas, da meTaurebs. 

Tamari aRgznebulia. 

rusudani ubrZanebs karis kacebs daicvan Tamari mtrisagan 

da astexon sayviris cema, darekon sionis zarebi da moiwvion 

mTeli eri sasaxleSi. 

giorgi Tavis laSqriT Semoeseva sasaxles, Tamari moiTxovs 

moiyvanon spaTa meTaurebi da uxucesebi, da maT gadaswyviton 

bedi. 

uxucesebi da spis meTaurebi giorgis mxarezed arian, 

mliqvneloben mis winaSe da pirdebian, rom Tamari moiTrguneba. 

moelian Tamars Tavis amaliT. 

Tamari Semodis SeuiaraRebel mxleblebiT, is aRiarebs, rom 

misi iaraRi aris patiosneba da Tu iq iaraRi dasWirdeba, sadac 

kanonieri mefea, de iqmnas mokluli. 

giorgi iwvevs Tamars, raTa is miesalmos qmars, miulocos 

gamarjveba da spas madloba gadauxados. 

Tamari gamodis aRugznebeli, da kiTxulobs, risTvis ibrZviT 

Tqven, raT aqnevT xmals, gana imisaTvis, rom sadaviTo saxls Cirqi 

moscxoT? rom taxtzed aiyvanoT veragi, boroteba, Tqven CemTvis 

ibrZviT? 

me mirCevnia vijde cecxlmokidebul tafazed, vinem taxtzed, 

romelsac codva ekideba. mirCevnia vijde aduRebul kuprSi, vidre 

taxtzed, romelsac sibilwe scxia. dausrulebelia siborote da 

dausrulebelia keTili, amitom is ar eteva taxtzed erTad. 

Cven gvinda gamarjveba. gamarjvebuli ar aris gveli, Tundac 

man moaxrCos kravi. gana Cven vambobT, rom gveli gamarjvebulia, 

rodesac vinmes ukbens. ara, gamarjvebuli hqvia mas, vinc keTilia 

da boroti daamarcxa. vinc xmals aiRebs SigniT, is xmali daecema 

keTils. vinc ityvis, me borotis aRmofxvra mindao da aiRebs 

xmals Tavis samefozed, is xmali moklavs ara borots, aramed 

keTils. vinaidan adamianis xmalis buneba aseTia, is andamativiT 

iswrafvis keTilis yelzed, mxolod uflisagan aRebuli maxvili 

aris WeSmariti. 

me ara maqvs xelSi xmali, me TviTon maxvili var, uflis mier 

daniSnuli. me mefe var da vbrZaneb, garyvnilo da wabilwulo, Sens 

mimarT, gaiZre tanidan es porfiri, romelsac Sen bilwav Seni mankierebiT 

da gaswi aqedan (giorgi apirebs gamoiwios, mas ukan daxeven). 

220

me gsji usaSinelesad, vidre Sen dasaje evlogi. Sen is Semose 

kedliT, da kedlis iqeT mas hqonda da esmoda xalxis siyvaruli. 

Sen ki ara gaqvs gulis kedeli da saSineli tyve xar – Sens 

garSemo iqneba xalxis zizRi Sendami, es aris gulis yorezed yru 

kedeli. me imdenad mezizRebi Sen, rom SemiZlia yvelgan daginaxo, 

da arc erTi ar gavwiTldebiT. Sen ar gawiTldebi, imitom rom sindisi 

ar gaqvs, da me ki Cems Tvalebs mtkiced vetyvi, rom Sen Cemi 

qmari arasodes yofilxar. 

1. 

2. 

Tqmebi 

CarTuli masalebSi tragediisaTvis `Tamari~. 

xelnawerTa jgufi # 4, m-8, f. 13. 

teqsti: 

im patiosanTa samefoSi angelosebma Sobes maimunebi, iq veragebma 

Caigdes taZrebi, Sekrben turebi sagalobelSi, mo- 

Zaladeebma warCineba iSoves, da qurdebma daipyres eris gvirgvini, 

da Zarcvaven qveyanas, da veragebs urigeben didebas erisas 

da dedaqalaqSi dascinian erTad keTilsac da borotsac. 

sanam siwmindes xedavda, ezizReboda rogorc arawminda, magram 

rodesac naxa misi biwiereba da boroteba, Seiyvara da daiwyo 

Sig siwmindis Zebna, 

_ amas sCadis xandaxar eric, mas ar uyvars keTili mefe, magram 

rodesac dainaxavs mis saSinel simkacres, aqebs da emorCileba. 

Tamaris da misi epoqis daxasiaTeba polikarpe kakabaZis mier 

Tamari 

qristianobis SemoRebis Semdeg saukuneebSi, romis imperia 

TandaTan gadagvarda, is gadaiqca aRmosavleT romad, bizantiad, 

meTormete saukunisaTvis ki is dakninebulia. 

aRmosavleTis didi imperiac – sparseTi, danawilebulia. 

xalifati ki jvarosnebTan brZoliT sustdeba. 

Tamari amarcxebs sparseTs, amarcxebs xalifas droSiT wamosul 

nuqardins. bizantias ki Semoaclis trapizons da Tavis vasalur 

samefod aqcevs. 

am xanebSi saqarTvelos kulturuli da moraluri donis 

gamomxatveli aris rusTaveli. 

aRmosavleTis romis imperia arsebobda 1000 wlis ganmavloba- 

221

Si da am manZilzed arc erTi didi poeti mas ara yavs, miuxedavad imisa, 

rom iq iyo mTeli armia mwerlebis, magram es iyo mliqvneluri 

mwerloba. aris darCenili auracxeli nimuSebi, magram daaviwydaT, 

_ Rirsi ar aris, da ar iqneba. 

saqarTveloSic iyo mliqvneluri mwerloba, maTi warmomadgenlebia 

CaxruxaZe da SavTeli. iyvnen albaT sxvebic, magram niSani 

maTi gahqra. rusTaveli maTgan calke dgas Tavis geniiT, Tavis namdvil 

poeziiT. 

meTormete saukunis kacobrioba sainteresoa. mTel kacobriobaSi 

iwyeba niSnebi renesansis. saqarTveloSi ki am dros namdvili 

klasikuri renesansi poeziaSia da politikaSic. renesanss 

kacob-riobisaTvis iwyebs saqarTvelo, Zlierad da Rrmad. 

rasakvirvelia, vefxis tyaosans swers rusTaveli, magram mis 

genias hkvebavs, mis genialur nawarmoebs aZlevs masalas is maRali 

zneobis raindebi, romlebic Tamaris garSemo arian. 

Tamaris badali mefe-qali kacobriobis istorias ara yavs, 

arc erT mefe qals Tavis erSi ar hqonia aseTi xangrZlivi popularoba. 

is aris udidesi gamarjvebebis organizatori, is amarcxebs 

aRmosavleTiT sparseTs, dasavleTiT bizantias, samxreTiT xalifas, 

magram mTel mis mefobis xanaSi ar aris sikvdiliT sasjeli, 

es aris udidesi humanizmi, da amis Sesadarisad poeziac iZleva 

vefxis tyaosnis umaRles gmirebs, uRrmes siyvaruls da megobrobis 

saxeebs. 

rasakvirvelia, Tamaris Zlier pirovnebasTan aris es dakav- 

Sirebuli, magram Tamaric da misi ambebic Sedegia potenciisa, 

romelic maSin saqarTvelos gaaCnda. 

Cemis azriT, saWiroa gakeTdes istoriuli filmi da amisTvis 

me minda davwero scenari, sadac gamoyvanili iqmneba SoTa, Tamari, 

giorgi rusi, daviT soslani, zaqaria mxargrZeli, qristesTvis sulieri 

evlogi, Tamaris mamida rusudani da sxv. 

xelnaweris Seswavlidan dgindeba, rom es teqsti dawerilia 

1946 wels (m. k.) 

222

ibliografia 

rusTvelologiuri literatura 

2007 

# 

1. bolqvaZe TinaTin, informaciuli bundovaneba da mSveniereba, SoTa 

rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti, I saerTaSoriso simpoziumi, 

literaturaTmcodneobis Tanamedrove problemebi (masalebi), 

gv. 49-61. 

2. gebeskiria Salva, `vefxistyaosnis~ ramdenime aRmosavluri warmomavlobis 

sityvis Sesaxeb, enaTmecnierebis instituti, samecniero sesia, àrnold 

Ciqobavas sakiTxavebi~, XVIII, gv. 30-31. 

3. gonjilaSvili nana, àmas hgvandes, odes erTgan muSTar zual Seiyarnes~, 

literaturuli Ziebani, XXVIII, gv. 80-93. 

4. gugunava lia, qristianuli mrwamsi `hamletsa~ da `vefxistyaosanSi~, 

`literaturuli Ziebani~, XXVIII, gv. 94-105. 

5. darCia boris, vis gamoeqca tarieli? `literaturuli Ziebani~, XXVIII, 

gv. 74-79. 

6. elbaqiZe maka, sivrculi diqotomia Suasaukuneebis raindul romanSi, 

SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti, I saerTaSoriso simpoziumi, 

literaturaTmcodneobis Tanamedrove problemebi (masalebi), 

gv. 107-116. 

7. elbaqiZe maka, `vefxistyaosnis~ poetikis zogierTi sakiTxi Suasaukuneebis 

raindul romanTan tipologiur mimarTebaSi, gamomcemloba 

8. 

ùniversali~. 

TevzaZe guram, pirovnebis cnebis rusTvelologiuri gagebisaTvis, kreb., 

`filosofia da Tanamedroveoba~, gv. 177-191. 

9. karbelaSvili ciala, `vefxistyaosnis~ saetapo gamocema (eZRvneba a. Sani- 

Zis da al. baramiZis redaqciiT 1966 wels gamocemuli `vefxistyaosnis~ 40 

wlisTavs), `mwignobari~ _ 2007~., gv. 103-124. 

10. margvelaSvili parmen, `rusTavelis msoflmxedveloba~, gamomcemloba 

`nekeri~. 

11. inaSvili lado, i. WavWavaZe da `vefxistyaosnis~ sakiTxi, ì. WavWavaZe 

_ 170~, saiubileo krebuli, SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis 

instituti, gv. 122-137. 

12. robaqiZe merab, `vefxistyaosnis~ erTi cnebis interpretaciisaTvis, 

enaTmecnierebis instituti, samecniero sesia àrnold Ciqobavas sakiTxavebi~, 

XVIII, gv. 73. 

13. yoranaSvili guram, ilias fenomeni, wignSi: `ramdenime mecnieruli 

sakiTxi ilias naazrevis mixedviT~, gv. 339-367. 

14. SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~, Targmani qarTul enaze, qarTulinglisur-qurTuli 

winasityvaobiT, Tb., kavkasiuri saxli. 

15. WeliZe jemali, `vefxistyaosnis~ polonuri Targmani, Jurn. ètiudebi 

kulturaTa mijnaze~, gv. 249-257. 

16. WinWarauli aleqsi, Ria werili b-n nodar naTaZes, `literaturuli 

saqarTvelo~, 27 ivlisi, 29, gv. 11-13. 

223

17. WinWarauli aleqsi, `vefxistyaosnis~ enis xalxurobis sakiTxisaTvis, 

enaTmecnierebis instituti, samecniero sesia àrnold Ciqobavas sakiTxavebi~, 

XVIII, gv. 111. 

18. xvedeliani Tamar, `vefxistyaosnis~ miTosur-folkloruli samyaro, 

rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti, 2007. 

19. xinTibiZe elguja, `vefxistyaosnis~ zogi filosofiuri terminis mimarTebisaTvis 

gelaTis saRvTismetyvelo skolasTan, `gelaTi _ 900~, 

samecniero konferenciis masalebi, gv. 27-28. 

224 

Seadgina lia kariWaSvilma.

225

rusTvelologia #№ 5 - TSU

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