maswavleblis wigni

malxaz mayaSvili � revaz quTelia � ia gigiberia � manana boWoriSvili 

maswavleblis wigni 

malxaz mayaSvili � revaz quTelia � ia gigiberia � manana boWoriSvili 

7 

sabunebismetyvelo 

mecnierebebis 

safuZvlebi 

7

sarCevi 

1. Sesavali ....................................................................................................................................5 

2. sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis swavlebis mizani da amocanebi .........................7 

3. sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis safuZvlebi standarti VII klasi ....................8 

4. saaTebis ganawilebis savaraudo sqema ..........................................................................13 

5. miznebis ruka – gakveTilebis saswavlo miznebis 

6. rekomendaciebi ...................................................................................................................21 

• rekomendaciebi Temaze – Sefaseba ........................................................................21 

• Sefasebis tipebi ........................................................................................................22 

• kognituri sqemebis gamoyeneba saswavlo procesSi .........................................27 

• rekomendaciebi - rogor movamzadoT proeqti .................................................30 

• proeqtis Sefaseba ......................................................................................................31 

• informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyeneba swavlebaSi da misi 

saswavlo- meToduri uzrunvelyofa ...................................................................32 

• blogis gamoyeneba swavlaSi ....................................................................................33 

• blogis gamoyeneba ......................................................................................................33 

• ra aris blogi? ............................................................................................................33 

7. gakveTilis scenarebi .........................................................................................................34 

• Sesavali .........................................................................................................................34 

• scenarebi fizikaSi.....................................................................................................44 

• scenarebi qimiaSi ........................................................................................................50 

• scenarebi biologiaSi ...............................................................................................54 

8. Semajamebeli testebi ........................................................................................................60 

• fizika ............................................................................................................................60 

• qimia ................................................................................................................................62 

• biologia .......................................................................................................................64 

• testis pasuxebi ...........................................................................................................66 

9. moswavlis wignSi mocemuli savarjiSoebis pasuxebi ................................................67 

• Sesavali .........................................................................................................................67 

• fizika ............................................................................................................................69 

• qimia ................................................................................................................................71 

• biologia .......................................................................................................................74 

gamoyenebuli literatura ..................................................................................................82

1. Sesavali 

sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis swavlebisas, erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Tanaxmad, arsebiTi mniSvneloba 

eniWeba Semecnebis procesSi moswavlis aqtiurad CarTvas. Ees moswavles saSualebas miscems, miRebuli 

codna da SeZenili unar-Cvevebi konkretul situacias miusadagos, praqtikulad gamoiyenos da gadaWras 

mis winaSe mdgomi problema. am miznis misaRwevad saWiro codnis miReba da unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba swavlebis 

procesis gardaqmnas moiTxovs. 

siaxle, sxva mraval aspeqtTa Soris, gulisxmobs yuradRebis gamaxvilebas kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaze. 

Tu aqamde praqtikuli muSaobis dros moswavle, ZiriTadad, damkvirveblis rolSi gamodioda, 

xolo Semsrulebeli maswavlebeli iyo, axla TiToeulma moswavlem unda SeZlos praqtikulad muSaoba, 

kvlevis Catareba, misi Sedegis aRricxva da gaanalizeba, saTanado daskvnis gamotana. 

praqtikuli samuSaoebis Catareba, keTebiT swavleba saTanado materialuri baza skolebis umravlesobas 

aqvs rac skolebSi sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis swavlebis donis amaRlebis da am sagnebiT moswavleTa 

dainteresebis garantiaa. 

VII klasis moswavlis saxelmZRvanelo Sedgenilia axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis sagnobrivi programis 

mixedviT da misi struqtura aseTia: 

moswavlis saxelmZRvanelos struqtura 

I nawili 

Sesavali 

II nawili 

fizika 

III nawili 

qimia 

gakveTili struqturulad Semdegi nawilebisagan Sedgeba: 

ZiriTadi 

teqsti 

ilustraciebi 

teqstis ukeT 

aRsaqmelad 

sur. 2. magniums xSirad iyeneben 

sasignalo maSxalebis 

dasamzadeblad, radgan misi 

wvis dros warmoqmnili naTeba 

Soridanve Cans. 

sur. 3. puris cxobisas haer- 

RumelSi cecxli rom Caqres, 

qimiuri reaqcia Sewydeba. 

70 

Q23. qimiuri reaqciis 

niSnebi da pirobebi 

moaxerxebdi Tu vera Saqris naxSirad gardaqmnas 

misi daqucmacebis gareSe? gaxurebis gareSe? 

daakvirdi suraTs (sur. 1) da gaixsene pirvel 

gakveTilSi Catarebuli cda. 

sur. 1. 

natriumi – movercxlisfro 

TeTri liToni, advilad 

iWreba daniT 

natriumis hidroqsidi – 

TeTri feris, sapnisebri 

da metad mwvave* 

marcxena mxares rbili liToni – natriumia, 

marjvniv ki natriumis wyalTan urTierTqmedebis 

Sedegad warmoqmnili nivTiereba – natriumis 

hidroqsidi. am qimiur reaqcias airisa da siTbos 

gamoyofa axlda Tan. 

nivTierebebi, arc garegnulad hgvanan erTmaneTs 

da, arc TvisebebiT. 

qimiuri reaqciebis mimdinareobas davakvirdeT 

sxva magaliTebiTac. 

Tu sinjaraSi, Caasxam kirian wyals, CauSveb minis 

mils da Caberav amonasunTq haers (naxSirorJangs), 

xsnari aimRvreva. warmoiqmneba naleqi. 

magniumis lenti TvalismomWreli naTebiT iwvis 

(sur. 2). gogirdis wvis Sedegad ki mZafri sunis airi 

gamoiyofa. 

nivTierebis feris da sunis cvlileba, naleqis an 

airis warmoqmna, siTbos an sinaTlis gamoyofa, 

qimiuri reaqciis garegnuli niSnebia. 

Tu movlenas es niSnebi Tan axlavs, masSasadame, 

qimiuri gardaqmna – qimiuri reaqcia mimdinareobs. 

qimiuri reaqciis dasawyebad, saWiroa garkveuli 

pirobebis Seqmna: nivTierebebis erTmaneTTan 

Sereva, gaxureba da sxva. magaliTad, zogierTi 

reaqciisaTvis saWiroa uwyveti gaxureba. 

gaxurebis SewyvetisTanave, qimiuri reaqcia 

Sewydeba (sur. 3). 

* moqmedebs kanze (awylulebs), qsovilebze, qaRaldsa da 

sxva masalebze. 

5 

IV nawili 

biologia 

gakveTilis saTauri Temis saTauri 

qimiuri reaqcia 

zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki qimiur reaqcias aRZravs 

naperwkali. is TiTqos biZgs aZlevs reaqcias, 

romelic Semdeg TavisTavad mimdinareobs. 

magaliTad, bunebrivi airi ar iwvis, vidre masTan 

anTebul asanTs ar mivitanT. cecxlis miwodeba am 

reaqciis dawyebis aucilebeli pirobaa. 

saukuneTa manZilze, adamianebma iswavles qimiuri 

reaqciebis marTva, reaqciis mimdinareobis 

pirobebis SecvliT, sasurveli procesebis 

daCqareba an Seneleba. magaliTad, wvis procesis 

dasaCqareblad SeSas nafotebad aqucmaceben, 

Jangvis procesis Sesaneleblad ki liTonis 

nakeTobebs damcavi safariT – laqiT, saRebaviT 

Rebaven. 

u amgvarad: 

qimiuri reaqciis garegnuli niSnebia 

feris, sunis cvlileba naleqis, airis warmoqmna siTbos, sinaTlis gamoyofa 

qimiuri reaqciis mimdinareobis pirobebia: 

nivTierebebis Sereva; gaxureba da sxva. 

u savarjiSo 

1. amoarCie swori pasuxi. qimiuri movlenis niSnebia: 

a) formis Secvla; 

b) siTbos gamoyofa; 

g) agregatuli mdgomareobis Secvla; 

d) naleqis warmoqmna. 

2. romeli gamonaTqvami migvaniSnebs qimiur reaqciebze: 

a) sarecxi gaSra; 

b) foToli Camovarda; 

g) rZisgan mawoni Sededda. 

3. daasabuTe, rom namcxvris gamocxobis procesi 

fizikuri da qimiuri procesis erTobliobaa. 

4. Camowere, romeli fizikuri da qimiuri movlena 

ginaxavs cxovrebaSi. aRniSne, ra pirobebSi 

mimdinareobs movlena da romeli garegnuli niSniT 

asabuTeb, rom is fizikuria an qimiuri. dakvirvebis 

monacemebi warmoadgine cxrilis saxiT. 

movlena mimdinareobis 

piroba 

Ggaregnuli 

niSani 

... ... ... ... 

savarjiSoebi (ilustraciebiT, 

cxrilebiT, diagramebiT da a. S.) 

samizne unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaze 

orientirebuli 

daasabuTe, rom movlena 

fizikuria an qimiuri 

2 

teqstis 

Semajamebeli 

konceptualuri 

ruka an daskvna 

71

ac Seexeba savarjiSoebs is ori saxisaa: 

pirveli meore 

savarjiSoebi, romlebic im codnis ganmtkicebas da gaaqtiurebas 

emsaxureba rac moswavlis wignSi iswavla moswavlem. Ees 

savarjiSoebi maswavlebels saWiroebisamebr SeuZlia gamoiyenos 

saklaso da/an saSinao davalebebad. 

6 

mocemuli laboratoriuli samuSaoebi Tematurad 

Seesabameba fizikas, qimias, biologias. isini 

kvleviTi unarebis ganviTarebazea orientirebuli. 

SeniSvna – biologiis nawilSi savarjiSoebis mravalferovneba imiTaa ganpirobebuli, rom fizikis da 

qimiis nawilSi SeZenili codnis da unarebis transferi intensiurad xdeba. 

moswavlis wigns Tan axlavs rveuli, romelSi mocemuli mravalferovani laboratoriuli samuSaoebi 

daexmareba moswavles Caataros kvleviTi aqtivobebi da gaaanalizos kvlevis Sedegi. rveulSi mocemuli 

mravalferovani ilustraciebi, detalurad aRwerili cdebi, diagramebi, cxrilebi da a. S. fizikis, qimiisa 

da biologiis swavlebis process ufro sainteresos da saxalisos gaxdis. 

moswavlis rveuli struqturulad Semdegi nawilebisagan Sedgeba: 

ilustraciebi samuSaos 

ukeT aRsaqmelad 

cdis mimdinareobis 

detaluri axsna 

samizne unar-Cvevebis 

ganviTarebaze 

orientirebuli 

savarjiSoebi 

moswavlis 

CanawerebisTvis 

gamoyofili adgili 

22 

1 

Temis saTauri 

fizikuri da qimiuri movlenebi 

12. nivTierebis 

Tvisebebis cvlileba 

Saqris kristalebi 

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: 

icvleba Tu ara nivTiereba – Saqari (Saqris 

Tvisebebi), Tu mas gavaxurebT. 

kvlevis masala da xelsawyoebi: 

Saqris kristalebi, spirtqura, Stativi, 

sinjara,kovzi, asanTi. 

procedura: 

1. daakvirdi Saqris kristalebs da monacemebi 

Seitane cxrilSi; 

2. Saqris danarCeni kristalebi moaTavse sinjaraSi. 

sinjara daamagre Stativze da spirtquris 

gamoyenebiT gaaxure, vidre ar gadneba da fers ar 

Seicvlis. miRebul masas daakvirdi da dakvirvebis 

Sedegebi Seitane cxrilSi. 

N Ddakvirvebis obieqti feri suni gemo wyalSi xsnadoba 

1 Saqris kristalebi 

2 Saqris Ddawvis Sedegad miRebuli masa 

gaanalize cxrilis mixedviT cdis monacemebi da 

upasuxe: 

• Seicvleba nivTiereba Saqari gaxurebis Semdeg? 

• SegiZlia Tu ara cxrilSi mocemuli monacemebi 

Seni pasuxis argumentebad gamoiyeno? 

• Saqris gaxureba fizikuri movlenaa Tu 

qimiuri? 

gaaanalize orive (wina da mimdinare) kvlevis 

Sedegi da gaakeTe daskvna: ra SemTxvevaSi gqonda 

saqme fizikur movlenasTan, da ra SemTxvevaSi - 

qimiur movlenasTan. 

saTauri saWiro masalis CamonaTvali 

13. qimiuri reaqciis 

niSnebi 


ra niSnebi SesaZlebelia axldes qimiur reaqcias. 

kvlevis masala da xelsawyoebi: 

Wiqebi, wyali, rZe, limoni, soda, Zmari, asanTi, 

kartofilis fqvili, iodi, minis wkiri, kovzi. 

procedura: 

1. erTi kovzi kartofilis fqvili gaxseni erT Wiqa 

wyalSi. Ddaamate ramdenime wveTi iodi. daakvirdi ra 

cvlilebiT mimdinareobs reaqcia da dakvirvebis 

Sedegebi Seitane cxrilSi; 

2. dawvi asanTis Reri. daakvirdi ra cvlilebiT 

mimdinareobs reaqcia da dakvirvebis Sedegebi 

Seitane cxrilSi; 

3. wylian WiqaSi cotaodeni saWmeli soda Cayare 

da ramdenime wveTi Zmari daamate; daakvirdi ra 

cvlilebiT mimdinareobs reaqcia da dakvirvebis 

Sedegebi Seitane cxrilSi; 

4. erT Wiqa rZeSi Caasxi cotaodeni limonis wveni. 

daakvirdi ra cvlilebiT mimdinareobs reaqcia da 

dakvirvebis Sedegebi Seitane cxrilSi. 

N procesi feris 

cvlileba 

1 kartofilis 

fqvilis 

wyalxsnarze 

iodis 

moqmedeba 

2 asanTis 

Reris dawva 

3 sodiani 

wylis 

ZmarTan 

Sereva 

4 rZis Sereva 

limonis 

wvenTan 

qimiuri reaqcia 2 

sinaTlis 

cvlileba 

sunis 

gamoyofa 

naleqis 

warmoqmna 

cxrili cdis Sedegebis 

aRricxvisTvis 

maswavleblis wigni – erTgvari gzamkvlevia, romelic Semdegi struqturuli nawilebisagan Sedgeba: 

1. Sesavali 

2. swavlebis miznebi da amocanebi 

3. VII klasi sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis safuZvlebi standarti 

4. saaTobrivi ganawileba 

5. miznebis ruka- gakveTilebis saswavlo miznebis Sesabamisoba standartTan 

6. zogadi rekomendacia –rogor vawarmooT Sefaseba 

7. zogadi rekomendacia- ra mniSvneloba aqvs kognituri sqemebis gamoyenebas saswavlo procesSi 

8. gakveTilis scenarebi: Sesavali, Ffizika, qimia, biologia 

9. Semajamebeli testebi pasuxebiT 

10. savarjiSoebis pasuxebi 

11. Ggamoyenebuli literatura 

wyali 

Aairis 

gamoyofa 

iodi 

Zmari 

Aar 

axlavs 

niSani 

23

2. sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis swavlebis mizani da amocanebi 

mizani: 

sabunebismetyvelo disciplinebis swavlebis mizania aziaros moswavle sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebis 

safuZvlebs da ganuviTaros kvlevis unar-Cvevebi, rac mas saSualebas miscems Seicnos da gaiTavisos 

samyaro, CaerTos sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis sxvadasxva sferoSi, igrZnos pasuxismgebloba sakuTari 

Tavis, sazogadoebisa da garemos mimarT. 

amocanebi: 

codna: 

• cocxali samyaro da sasicocxlo procesebi; 

• samyaroSi mimdinare fizikuri da qimiuri movlenebi; 

• dedamiwa da garesamyaro; 

• garemos mdgradi ganviTarebis principebi. 

mecnieruli kvlevis unar-Cvevebi: 

• dakvirveba, aRwera; 

• kvlevis sagnis gansazRvra; 

• kvlevis etapebis gansazRvra; 

• aRricxva; 

• klasifikacia; 

• gazomva; 

• komunikacia; 

• monacemebis interpretacia; 

• ganWvreta/hipoTezis gamoTqma; 

• cdis dagegmva; 

• cdis Catareba; 

• monacemTa analizi da Sefaseba; 

• modelis Seqmna da gamoyeneba. 

damokidebuleba: 

• interesi sabunebismetyvelo disciplinebis mimarT; 

• sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis mniSvnelobis gaazreba; 

• interesi mecnieruli kvlevisa da siaxleebis mimarT; 

• TanamSromlobis survili; 

• garemoze zrunva da pasuxismgebloba; 

• usafrTxo cxovrebis wesis dacvis mniSvnelobis gaazreba. 

sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis swavleba sxvadasxva safexurze 

sabazo safexuri (VII- IXklasebi) 

swavlebis am safexurze moswavles kidev ufro metad uviTardeba SemecnebisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebi. is 

movlenebis garegnuli aRweridan gadadis movlenaTa arsis wvdomaze, Seimecnebs ZiriTad fizikur, qimiur 

kanonebs da biologiur kanon-zomierebebs. moswavle iwyebs empiriuli gziT samyaros aRqmas, Semoqmedebi- 

Tad azrovnebas, cdilobs samyaroSi adamianis adgilisa da mniSvnelobis gansazRvras. 

sabazo safexurze moswavle iviTarebs specifikur unar-Cvevebs, romelTagan prioritetulia: 

• kvlevis zogierTi Tanamedrove meTodis gamoyeneba; 

• samecniero literaturis moZieba da gamoyeneba; 

• eqsperimentis dagegmva da warmarTva, monacemTa Segroveba-damuSaveba; 

• kritikuli analizi, daskvnebis gamotana; 

• prezentacia (grafikebis, diagramebis, modelis Seqmna). 

7

3. sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis safuZvlebi 

standarti 

VII klasi 

wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi mimarTulebebis mixedviT: 

mecnieruli 

kvleva - Zieba 

bun.VII.1. moswavles SeuZlia 

gansazRvros kvlevis sagani 

da kvlevis etapebi. 


kvleviTi proceduris ganxorcieleba/ 

monacemebis 

aRricxva. 

bun.VII.3. moswavles Seu- 

Zlia monacemTa warmodgena 

sxvadasxva sakomunikacio 

saSualebis gamoyenebiT. 

bun.VII.4. moswavles Seu- 

Zlia monacemTa analizi da 

Sefaseba. 

cocxali samyaro fizikuri 

movlenebi 

bun.VII.5.moswavles SeuZlia 

imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis 

agebulebisa da ganviTarebis 

erTeulze. 

bun.VII.6. moswavles SeuZlia daaxasiaTos 

cxovelTa da mcenareTa 

sasicocxlo cikli da daasabuTos 

gamravlebis biologiuri mniSvneloba. 


daaxasiaTos cocxali samyaros 

mravalferovneba, gamoiyenos klasifikaciis. 

principi da imsjelos 

sxvadasxva jgufebs Soris msgavseba 

gansxvavebaze. 

wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi da maTi indikatorebi: 

mimarTuleba: mecnieruli kvleva-Zieba 

8 

bun.VII.8.moswavles 

SeuZlia nivTierebis 

atomur-molekuluri 

struqturis aRwera. 

bun.VII.9. moswavles 

SeuZlia advilad 

dakvirvebadi Zalebis 

da maTi moqmedebis 

Sedegebis Sesaxeb 

msjeloba. 


SeuZlia wnevis daxasiaTeba. 

qimiuri movlenebi 


SeuZlia martivi 

qimiuri reaqciebis 

aRwera. 


SeuZlia fuZeebisa da 

mJavebis gansxvaveba 

maTi Tvisebebis mixedviT. 


SeuZlia xsnarebis 

Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb 

msjeloba. 

bun.VII.1.moswavles SeuZlia gansazRvros kvlevis sagani da kvlevis etapebi. 

Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: 

• ayalibebs kvlevis mizans; 

• gamoTqvams mosazrebas/varauds; 

• arCevs monacemebis mopovebis gzebs (mag., cdiT, savele samuSaos CatarebiT, gamokiTxviT, sakiTxis 

irgvliv literaturis moZiebiT); 

• ganarCevs mudmiv da cvlad (damokidebul, damoukidebel) parametrebs; 

• gansazRvravs kvleviTi aqtivobebis Tanmimdevrobas; 

• arCevs saTanado xelsawyoebs/ aRWurvilobas/instrumentebs; 

• arCevs monacemebis aRricxvis formebs (cxrilebi, grafikebi, siebi, fotoebi, Canawerebi). 

bun.VII.2.moswavles SeuZlia kvleviTi proceduris ganxorcieleba/ monacemebis aRricxva. 


• iyenebs Sesabamis masalas an/da aRWurvilobas da atarebs dagegmil cdas usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT; 

• awarmoebs dakvirvebas an /da gazomvebs, aRricxavs monacemebs; 

• akvirdeba, zomavs, iyenebs informaciul-sakomunikacio saSualebebs monacemebis saTanado sizustiT 

registrirebisTvis (mag., cvladebis mniSvnelobebis aRricxva qronologiurad); 

• iyenebs saTanado wesebs sakuTari da sxvaTa usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad. 

bun.VII.3.moswavles SeuZlia monacemTa warmodgena sxvadasxva sakomunikacio saSualebis gamoyenebiT. 


• iyenebs sxvadasxva xerxs (diagramebs, cxrilebs, grafikebs, siebs) monacemTa warmosadgenad; 

• iyenebs sainformacio-sakomunikacio teqnologiebs Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi monacemebis warmosadgenad. 

bun.VII.4.moswavles SeuZlia monacemTa analizi da Sefaseba. 


• iyenebs diagramebs, cxrilebs da grafikebs monacemebs an cvladebs Soris damokidebulebis aRsawerad;

• aanalizebs monacemebs da gamoitans daskvnebs; 

• adarebs daskvnebs gamoTqmul varauds; 

• ganixilavs dakvirvebisa da gazomvebis dros gamovlenil moulodnelobebs, cdilobs maT axsnas. 

mimarTuleba: cocxali samyaro 

bun.VII.5.moswavles SeuZlia imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis agebulebisa da ganviTarebis 

erTeulze. 


• msjelobs ujredze, rogorc organizmis struqturul, funqciur da ganviTarebis elementarul 

erTeulze; 

• moipovebs informacias ilustraciebidan ujredis formis mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb (erT- da mravalujredian 

organizmebSi) da akavSirebs ujredis formas mis funqciasTan; 

• amzadebs droebiT preparats, iyenebs sinaTlis mikroskops sxvadasxva dakvirvebisaTvis, Sedegebs 

warmoadgens naxatis da/an modelis saxiT, afasebs sakuTari namuSevris Zlier da sust mxareebs; 

• mikroskopul preparatSi an mis eleqtronul formatze amoicnobs da iTvlis ujredis sxvadasxva 

struqturas (mag., birTvebis, birTvakebis, qloroplastebis raodenobas), Sedegebs warmoadgens cxrilis 

saxiT; 

• ilustraciebze an eleqtronul formatze ganarCevs prokariotul da eukariotul (mcenareuli, 

cxoveluri, sokos) ujredebs, asaxelebs maT msgavs da ganmasxvavebel struqturebs, Sedegebs gamosaxavs 

venis diagramis saSualebiT; 

• ilustraciaze amoicnobs ujredis ZiriTad struqturul komponentebs da asaxelebs maT funqcias; 

• sxvadasxva saSualebiT (mag., sqema) gamosaxavs sicocxlis organizaciis doneebs (ujredi, qsovili, 

organo, organizmi) da msjelobs maT Sesaxeb. 

bun.VII.6.moswavles SeuZlia daaxasiaTos cxovelTa da mcenareTa sasicocxlo cikli da daasabuTos 

gamravlebis biologiuri mniSvneloba. 


• amoicnobs (mikroskopul preparatSi, posterze an eleqtronul formatze) da aRwers cxovelebisa da 

mcenareebis sasqeso ujredebs; 

• agrovebs informacias mcenaris, cxovelis usqeso da sqesobrivi gamravlebis mravalferovnebis 

Sesaxeb; adarebs erTmaneTs gamravlebis formebs (mag., vegetatiuri, TesliT, dakvirtviT, zoosporebiT); 

• adarebs erTmaneTs sqesobrivi gamravlebis formebs (mag., gamravleba kvercxiT - qvewarmavali, frinveli; 

cocxalmSobiarobiT - ZuZumwovrebi), msjelobs maT Soris msgavseba - gansxvavebaze da mohyavs Sesabamisi 

magaliTebi; 

• msjelobs gamravlebis gziT organizmebis mier Tavisive msgavsis warmoqmnis biologiur mniSvnelobaze; 

• moipovebs informacias da adarebs sxvadasxva organizmis sasicocxlo ciklis xangrZlivobas da etapebs 

(mag., erTwlovani da mravalwlovani mcenareebi, mwerebi, amfibiebi); 

• mohyavs zogierTi individis sasicocxlo ciklis garemosTan Seguebis magaliTebi (mag., kvercxismdebeli 

da ”cocxalmSobiare” qvewarmavali). 

bun.VII.7.moswavles SeuZlia daaxasiaTos cocxali samyaros mravalferovneba, gamoiyenos klasifikaciis 

principi da imsjelos sxvadasxva jgufebs Soris msgavseba-gansxvavebaze. 


• warmoadgens organizmTa erTi da imave simravlis dajgufebis ramdenime gzas, mis mier SerCeuli kriteriumebis 

mixedviT. xsnis ama Tu im jgufis gamoyofis mizezs, akeTebs prezentacias; 

• moipovebs informacias erTi da imave saxeobis individebSi ama Tu im organos variaciaze (mag., mcenaris 

foTlis sigrZe an sigane, nayofis masa), adarebs maT erTmaneTs da msjelobs variaciebis mravalferovnebaze; 

• asaxelebs organizmebis jgufebad (sokoebi, wyalmcenareebi, xavsebi, gvimrebi, yvavilovani mcenareebi) 

dayofis mTavar kriteriumebs; 

• moipovebs masalas adgilobriv garemoSi mcenareTa da cxovelTa mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb da anawilebs 

Sesabamis taqsonomiur erTeulebSi damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis mixedviT (mag., naZvi, fiWvi, cacxvi - 

mcenareTa samefo, Sesabamisad SiSvel an farulTeslovani); 

• bunebaSi gasvlisas amoicnobs organizmebs savele sarkvevebis/saTanado literaturis daxmarebiT; 

• moipovebs informacias da aRwers cocxali samyaros samefoebs, adgens martiv genealogiur xes da 

9

warmoadgens sxvadasxva gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebiT (mag., sqema, naxati); 

• msjelobs adamianebisaTvis mikroorganizmebis dadebiT da uaryofiT mniSvnelobaze (mag., sakvebi 

produqtebis warmoeba da maTi gafuWeba/lpoba, wylis dabinZureba da gasufTaveba, kompostis warmoqmna, 

daavadebis gamowveva); 

mimarTuleba: fizikuri movlenebi 

bun.VII.8.moswavles SeuZlia nivTierebis atomur-molekuluri struqturis aRwera. 


• aRwers movlenebs, romlebic mianiSnebs nivTierebis atomur-molekulur agebulebas; 

• ganasxvavebs myar, Txevad da airad mdgomareobebs maTi Tvisebebisa (moculobisa da formis SenarCuneba) 

da atomur-molekuluri struqturis mixedviT, warmoadgens modelis saxiT; 

• akavSirebs nivTierebis simkvrives mis praqtikul gamoyenebasTan; 

• atarebs cdebs da ikvlevs difuziis movlenas siTxeebSi, gamoitans Sesabamis daskvnebs; 

• ikvlevs temperaturis gavlenas difuziis siCqareze, gamoitans Sesabamis daskvnebs; 

• akvirdeba difuziis movlenas da msjelobs misi rolis Sesaxeb bunebaSi da yofa - cxovrebaSi, asaxelebs 

magaliTebs; 

• adekvaturad iyenebs Sesabamis cnebebs da formulebs amocanebis amosaxsnelad. 

bun.VII.9. moswavles SeuZlia advilad dakvirvebadi Zalebis da maTi moqmedebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb msjeloba. 


• CamoTvlis moZraobis magaliTebs, romlebic gamowveulia sxeulze uSualo (mag., moqaCva an biZgi) da 

arauSualo (mag., dedamiwis miziduloba, magnitebis urTierTqmedeba) moqmedebiT; 

• CamoTvlis sxeulebs Soris urTierTqmedebis damadasturebel magaliTebs; 

• ganmartavs veqtors da veqtorul fizikur sidides. Zalebis magaliTze ganixilavs erTi wrfis gaswvriv 

mimarTuli veqtorebis Sekrebas; 

• CamoTvlis bunebaSi arsebuli Zalebis gamovlinebis magaliTebs yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan da saubrobs 

maT mniSvnelobaze; 

• atarebs cdebs sxvadasxva sxeulis moZraobaze dasakvirveblad, aRwers da sqematurad gamosaxavs masze 

moqmed Zalebs (simZimis, xaxunis, drekadobis, amomgdebi Zalebi); 

• atarebs cdebs, gamoaqvs Sesabamisi daskvnebi da raodenobrivad ayalibebs hukis kanons; 

• cdebis saSualebiT akvirdeba sxeulTa tivtivs, curvas, CaZirvas. Sedegebs aanalizebs da raodenobrivad 

ayalibebs arqimedes kanons; 

• zomavs sxeulebis moculobasa da simkvrives arqimedes kanonis gamoyenebiT; 

• akavSirebs amomgdebi da winaaRmdegobis Zalebis moqmedebas organizmebis curvasTan; 

• konkretuli amocanis gadasawyvetad (mag., xaxunis Zalis gazrda an Semcireba, amomgdebi Zalis Secvla) 

qmnis da warmoadgens SesaZlo sqemas an models; 

• adekvaturad iyenebs Sesabamis cnebebs, kanonebs da formulebs amocanebis amosaxsnelad. 

bun.VII.10. moswavles SeuZlia wnevis daxasiaTeba. 


• atarebs cdebs sxeulTa mier warmoebul wnevaze dasakvirveblad, monacemebs aanalizebs da gamoitans 

Sesabamis daskvnebs; 

• qmnis models da praqtikuli amocanebis gadasaWrelad msjelobs sxeulis mier warmoebuli wnevis 

Semcirebis an gazrdis aucileblobaze, CamoTvlis magaliTebs; 

• atarebs cdebs (qmnis modelebs) da akvirdeba siTxeebsa da airebSi wnevis ganawilebas. dakvirvebis 

Sedegebs aanalizebs da gamoitans Sesabamis daskvnebs; 

• CamoTvlis paskalis kanonis gamoyenebis magaliTebs teqnikidan da yofa-cxovrebidan; 

• amzadebs martiv models da xsnis ziarWurWlis moqmedebis princips; 

• atarebs cdebs atmosferuli wnevis moqmedebis gamosavlenad, aanalizebs da gamoitans Sesabamis 

daskvnebs; 

• msjelobs wnevis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb organizmis garemosTan SeguebulobaSi; 

• adekvaturad iyenebs Sesabamis cnebebs, kanonebs da formulebs amocanebis amosaxsnelad. 

10

mimarTuleba: qimiuri movlenebi 

bun.VII.11. moswavles SeuZlia martivi qimiuri reaqciebis aRwera. 


• cdis procesSi akvirdeba fizikuri da qimiuri movlenebis garegnul niSnebs, monacemebs warmoadgens 

cxrilis saxiT da msjelobs maT (fizikur da qimiur movlenebs) Soris gansxvavebis Sesaxeb; 

• cdebis safuZvelze msjelobs fizikuri movlenebis (mag., nivTierebaTa wyalSi gaxsna, formis Secvla, 

agregatuli mdgomareobis Secvla) dros masis ucvlelobis Sesaxeb. gamoitans saTanado daskvnas; 

• atarebs cdebs nivTierebebis fizikuri da qimiuri cvlilebebis (mag., agregatuli mdgomareobis 

Secvla, formis Secvla, nivTierebis gaxsna, airis gamoyofa, feris Secvla) gamosakvlevad da msjelobs am 

cvlilebebis gamomwvev mizezebze (mag., gacxeleba, Sereva, dawva, meqanikuri zemoqmedeba); 

• atarebs cdebs da akvirdeba qimiuri reaqciebis Sedegad axali nivTierebebis warmoqmnas; 

• ikvlevs mJavaTa monawileobiT mimdinare martiv reaqciebs, romelTa erT-erTi produqti gazia; 

• CamoTvlis wvisa da Jangvis magaliTebs yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan da msjelobs maT xelSemwyob faqtorebze; 

ikvlevs haeris rols sanTlis wvis procesSi; 

• aRwers wvas, rogorc qimiur reaqcias, romelSic monawileobs gazi, haeri an Jangbadi da miiReba wyali 

da naxSirorJangi; 

• atarebs da aRwers “cisartyelas reaqcias” (sarecxi sodis, natriumis karbonatis xsnarze marilmJavasa 

da universaluri indikatoris moqmedeba); 

• iyenebs Sesabamis terminologias, CamoTvlis da aRwers fizikuri da qimiuri movlenebis magaliTebs, 

qimiur movlenebs gamosaxavs sqematurad/sityvierad (mag., naxSirbadi + Jangbadi = naxSirorJangi); 

• icavs qimiuri nivTierebebis ganTavsebis, maTTan muSaobis usafrTxoebis wesebs, amoicnobs gamafrTxilebel 

niSnebs (mag., advilad aalebadi, feTqebadi, radioaqtiuri) qimiuri reaqtivis WurWlis etiketze. 

bun.VII.12.moswavles SeuZlia fuZeebisa da mJavebis gansxvaveba maTi Tvisebebis mixedviT. 


• asaxelebs laboratoriaSi arsebul mJavebsa da tuteebs (mag., marilmJava, natriumis tute); 

• asaxelebs yofa-cxovrebaSi mJavebis gamoyenebis magaliTebs (mag., Zmari, limonmJava, xilis wveni, 

wamlebi, sarecxi saSualebebi); 

• atarebs martiv cdebs mJavebisa da fuZeebis gamoyenebiT, ganasxvavebs maT Tvisebebs; 

• iyenebs indikatorebsa da pH-is skalas fuZe, mJava da neitraluri xsnarebis amosacnobad; aRwers 

xsnaris pHH-is cvlilebas neitralizaciis procesSi. 

bun.VII.13.moswavles SeuZlia xsnarebis Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb msjeloba. 


• atarebs cdebs da ganasxvavebs nivTierebebs wyalSi xsnadobis mixedviT; 

• gansazRvravs zogierTi narevis komponentebs, (mag., zRvis wyali Sedgeba wylisagan, romelSic gaxsnilia 

marili da sxva myari nivTiereba); 

• aRwers narevisgan komponentebis gamoyofis romelime xerxs (mag., distilireba, aorTqleba/kondensireba, 

qromatografia). CamoTvlis wylis bunebrivi gafiltvris magaliTebs; 

• agrovebs informacias bunebrivi wylis dabinZurebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb, gamoTqvams varauds wylis 

dabinZurebis Tavidan acilebis gzebze; 

• CamoTvlis xsnarebis magaliTebs da msjelobs maTi mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb bunebasa da adamianis cxovrebaSi; 

• cdebis safuZvelze adgens, rom xsnaris masa gamxsnelisa da gasaxsneli nivTierebebis masebis jamis 

tolia (mag., Tu 5 g marils gaxsnian 200g wyalSi, miRebuli xsnaris masa iqneba 205 g); 

• ganasxvavebs da amzadebs ujer da najer xsnarebs; 

• gegmavs, atarebs cdas da adgens nivTierebaTa gaxsnis procesze moqmed faqtorebs (mag., temperatura, 

gamxsnelisa da gaxsnili nivTierebis raoba da masa, nawilakTa zoma, moreva). Sedegebs warmoadgens cxrilis 

saxiT. 

11

programis Sinaarsi 

cocxali samyaro 

ujredi 

ujredi – elementaruli cocxali sistema. ujredis ZiriTadi komponentebi: citoplazma da birTvi. 

organoidebi (mag., plastidebi, qloroplastebi). plazmuri membrana da ujredis kedeli. prokariotuli 

da eukariotuli (mcenareuli, cxoveluri da sokos) ujredebi. mikroskopi – optikuri xelsawyo; mikroskopze 

muSaobis principi. martivi mikroskopuli preparatebis (mag., mcenareuli masala, sisxli) damzadebis 

xerxebi. ujredis gayofa. 

organizmTa gamravleba 

gamravleba – organizmTa ZiriTadi Tviseba, sicocxlis uwyvetobis uzrunvelyofis procesi. mcenarisa 

da cxovelis gamravlebis formebi (usqeso da sqesobrivi) da sasicocxlo cikli (romelime konkretuli 

individis magaliTze). ganayofiereba cxovelebSi (sasqeso ujredebis agebuleba). 

ganayofiereba yvavilovan mcenareebSi (gamartivebuli sqemiT). cxovelTa ganviTareba (gamartivebuli 

sqemiT ganviTarebis embrionuli da postembrionuli periodi). 

klasifikacia 

cocxal organizmTa dajgufeba (klasifikacia) da taqsonomiur erTeulebSi gaerTianebis safuZvlebi. 

virusebi (araujreduli formebi). 

monerebi (baqteriebi da cianobaqteriebi). protistebi (umartivesebi; erTujrediani da mravalujrediani 

wyalmcenareebi). sokoebi. mcenareebi (xavsnairebi; gvimranairebi; SiSvelTeslovnebi; farulTeslovnebi). 

cxovelebi (nawlavRruianebi; Wiebi; moluskebi; fexsaxsrianebi; Tevzebi; amfibiebi; qvewarmavlebi; 

frinvelebi; ZuZumwovrebi). saqarTvelos wiTel nusxasa da wiTel wignSi Setanili zogierTi saxeobebi. 

fizikuri movlenebi 

nivTierebis atomur-molekuluri struqtura. 

airebis, siTxeebisa da myari sxeulebis Tvisebebi da atomur-molekuluri struqtura. 

difuzia. difuzia airebSi, siTxeebsa da myar sxeulebSi. temperaturis gavlena difuziaze. 

brounis moZraoba. 

masa, masis erTeuli. 

nivTierebis simkvrive, simkvrivis erTeuli. 

moculobis gazomva menzuris gamoyenebiT. masis gazomva sasworiT. 

sxeulTa urTierTqmedeba: uSualo (moqaCva, biZgi) da manZilze urTierTqmedeba (magnituri da gravitaciuli). 

Zala, rogorc veqtori. erTi wrfis gaswvriv moqmedi Zalebis Sekreba. 

dinamometri, Zalis gazomva, Zalis erTeuli-niutoni 

simZimis, xaxunis, drekadobis Zalebi, hukis kanoni. sixiste. 

xaxunis koeficienti. 

wneva. wnevis erTeuli. airis wneva. wneva siTxeebSi, paskalis kanoni. hidrostatikuri wneva. ziarWurWeli. 

hidravlikuri manqana. atmosferuli wneva, toriCelis cda. barometri, manometri. 

amomgdebi Zala, arqimedes kanoni. sxeulTa tivtivi, curva, CaZirva. 

qimiuri movlenebi 

fuZeebi, mJavebi da maTi gamoyeneba yofa-cxovrebaSi. mJavebisa da fuZeebis amocnoba da maTi Sedareba. 

warmodgena neitralizaciis reaqciaze. neitralizaciis reaqciis mniSvneloba yofa-cxovrebaSi (saWmlis 

monelebis moSlis mkurnaloba, mJava wvima, niadagis movla da sxv.). 

warmodgena qimiur reaqciaze. reaqcia mJavebsa da metalebs Soris. reaqcia mJavebsa da karbonatebs 

Soris. wva, haerze an JangbadSi nivTierebaTa wvis Sedegebi, nivTierebebis wvis pirobebi. wiaRiseuli sawvavis 

wvis produqtebi. sanTlis wvis procesze dakvirveba. 

myari nivTierebebis gaxsna siTxeSi. xsnaris komponentebi. bunebrivi narevebi. ujeri da najeri xsnarebi. 

bunebaSi arsebuli marilebi. narevebis dayofa komponentebad: distilireba, aorTqleba/kondensireba, 

gafiltvra, warmodgena qromatografiaze. 

12

4. saaTebis ganawilebis savaraudo sqema 

sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis safuZvlebi VII klasi 108 sT 

fizika qimia Bbiologia 

33+3 33+3 33+3 

moswavlis wignSi da rveulSi mocemuli gakveTilebis 

saaTobrivi ganawileba 

moswavlis wignSi moswavlis rveulSi 

fizika 14 gakveTils daeTmos 24sT 9sT 

qimia 10 gakveTils daeTmos 20 sT 15sT 

biologia 23 gakveTils daeTmos 27 sT 6sT 

13

5. miznebis ruka – gakveTilebis saswavlo miznebis 

Sesabamisoba standartTan 

Sesavali 

gakveTili gakveTilis saswavlo mizani standardTan 

Sesabamisoba 

bunebismetyvelebis 

sagani, fizikuri 

sidideebi 

moswavlem SeZlos bunebaSi mimdinare movlenebze dakvirvebisaas 

awarmoos sxvadasxva gazomviTi saqmianobebi, 

aRricxos monacemebi da drois, sigrZis da masis 

sazomi erTeulebi warmoadginos `SI~ sistemiT. 

skalari da veqtori moswavlem SeZlos bunebaSi mimdinare movlenebze dakvirvebisaas 

awarmoos sxvadasxva gazomviTi saqmianobebi, 

aRricxos monacemebi da drois, sigrZis da masis 

sazomi erTeulebi warmoadginos `SI~ sistemiT. 

bunebismetyvelebis 

laboratoriaSi arsebuli 

zogierTi xelsawyo 

da muSaobis wesi 

moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos dakvirvebisaas rogor 

awarmoos sxvadasxva gazomviTi saqmianobebi, aRricxos 

monacemebi daicvas xlsawyoebis gamoyenebis da 

usafrTxoebis wesebi. 

usafrTxoebis dacva moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos Sesabamisi masalis, aRWurvilobis 

da masalebis gamoyenebiT Caataros dagegmili 

cdebi usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT 

rogor xdeba bunebrivi 

movlenebis Seswavla 

monacemebis gamosaxva 

cxrilis da diagramebis 

saxiT 

.moswavlem SeZlos kvleviTi proceduris ganxorcieleba/ 

monacemebis aRricxva. daakvirdes, gazomos, gamoiyenos 

informaciul-sakomunikacio saSualebebi monacemebis 

saTanado sizustiT registrirebisTvis (mag., 

cvladebis mniSvnelobebis aRricxva qronologiurad); 

moswavlem SeZlos kvlevis miznis Camoyalibeba da kvlevis 

miznis Sesabamisad mosazrebebis gamoTqma, aqtivobis 

dagegmva, saTanado xelsawyoebis SerCeva, monacemTa 

Segrovebis gzis arCeva, mudmivi da cvladi parametrebis 

garCeva, saTanado aRricxvis formebis SerCeva / 

wakiTxva/analizi; SeZlos daskvnis gamotana 

venis diagrama moswavlem SeZlos monacemTa analizi da Sefaseba. 

gamoiyeneos diagramebi, cxrilebi da grafikebi monacemebs 

an cvladebs Soris damokidebulebis aRsawerad 

fizika 

14 

bun.VII.1 

bun.VII.2 

bun.VII.1 

bun.VII.2 

bun.VII.2 

bun.VII.3 

bun.VII.1 

bun.VII.2 

bun.VII.1 

bun.VII.4 

bun.VII.4 

gakveTili gakveTilis saswavlo mizani erovnuli saswavlo gegmis 

sagnobrivi programis mixedviT 

nivTiereba Sedgeba 

atomebis da 

molekulebisagan 

nivTierebis myari, 

Txevadi da airadi 

mdgomareobebi 

modelireba.. proeqti 

nivTierebis simkvrive; 

simkvrivis 

praqtikuli mniSvneloba 

moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos nivTierebis atomur-molekulur agebulebaze; 

ganixilos magaliTebi, romelic molekulebis da atomebis mcire 

zomebze miuTiTebs, aRweros sxvadasxva nivTierebis modelebi.ganuvi- 

Tardes saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi. 

moswavlem SeZlos ganasxvavos myari, Txevadi da airadi mdgomareobebi 

maTi Tvisebebisa (moculobisa da formis SenarCuneba) da atomurmolekuluri 

struqturis mixedviT ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunikaciis 

unar-Cvevebi. 

moswavlem SeZlos Seqmnas da warmoadginos molekulis modelebi. ganuviTardes 

saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi 

moswavlem SeZlos daakavSiros nivTierebis simkvrive mis praqtikul 

gamoyenebasTan; adekvaturad gamoiyenos Sesabamisi cnebebi da formulebi 

amocanebis amosaxsnelad. ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunikaciis 

unar-Cvevebi. 

standartTTan 

Sesabamisoba 

bun.VII.8 

bun.VII.8 

bun.VII.8 

bun.VII.8

difuzia moswavlem SeZlos praqtikul magaliTebze dayrdnobiT ganixilos 

difuziis movlena siTxeebSi, gamoitanos Sesabamisi daskvnebi; 

gaanalizos temperaturis gavlena difuziis siCqareze, gamoitanos Sesabamisi 

daskvnebi; 

daakvirdes difuziis movlenas da imsjelos misi rolis Sesaxeb bunebaSi 

da yofa - cxovrebaSi, daasaxelos magaliTebi. ganuviTardes saazrovno, 

komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi. 

Zala da misi 

gazomva 

simZimis da xaxunis 

Zala 

drekadobis Zala; 

hukis kanoni 

wneva; wnevis 

gadacema 

moswavlem SeZlos CamoTvalos moZraobis magaliTebi, romlebic 

gamowveulia sxeulze uSualo (mag., moqaCva an biZgi) da arauSualo 

(mag., dedamiwis miziduloba, magnitebis urTierTqmedeba) moqmedebiT; 

ganmartos veqtors da veqtorul fizikuri sidide. Zalebis magaliTze 

ganixilos erTi wrfis gaswvriv mimarTuli veqtorebis Sekreba. ganuvi- 


moswavlem SeZlos CamoTvlis bunebaSi arsebuli Zalebis gamovlinebis 

magaliTebi/ yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan/ da saubrobs maT mniSvnelobaze; 

Caaataros cdebi sxvadasxva sxeulis moZraobaze dasakvirveblad, aRweros 

da sqematurad gamosaxos masze moqmedi Zalebi (simZimis, xaxunis, 

drekadobis, amomgdebi Zalebi); ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunikaciis 

unar-Cvevebi. 

moswavlem SeZlos Caataros cdebi, gamoitanos Sesabamisi daskvnebi da 

raodenobrivad Camoayalibos hukis kanoni. ganuviTardes saazrovno, 


moswavlem SeZlos awarmoos sxeulTa mier warmoebul wnevaze dakvirveba, 

monacemebi gaanalizos da gamoitanos Sesabamisi daskvna. adekvaturad 

gamoiyenos Sesabamisi cnebebi kanonebi da formulebi amocanebis 

amosaxsnelad. ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi. 

paskalis kanoni moswavlem SeZlos CamoTvlis paskalis kanonis gamoyenebis magaliTebi 

teqnikidan da yofa-cxovrebidan; ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunikaciis 

unar-Cvevebi. 

wneva siTxeebSi. 

ziarWurWeli 

paskalis kanoni 

praqtikaSi 

siTxisa da airis 

moqmedeba maTSi 

CaZirul sxeulebze. 

Atmosferuli 

wneva 

arqimedes kanoni. 

sxeulebis curva 

moswavlem SeZlos daamzados martivi modeli da axsnas ziarWurWlis 

moqmedebis principi; adekvaturad gamoiyenos Sesabamisi cnebebi, 

kanonebi da formulebi amocanebis amosaxsnelad. ganuviTardes saazrovno, 


moswavlem SeZlos CamoTvalos paskalis kanonis gamoyenebis magaliTebi 

teqnikidan da yofa-cxovrebidan; adekvaturad gamoiyenos Sesabamisi 

cnebebi, kanonebi da formulebi amocanebis amosaxsnelad. ganuvi- 


moswavlem SeZlos ganixilos atmosferuli wnevis moqmedebis magaliTebi; 

gaanalizos da gamoitanos Sesabamisi daskvnebi; imsjelos wnevis 

mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb organizmis garemosTan SeguebulobaSi; ganuvi- 


moswavlem SeZlos ganixilos magaliTebi: sxeulTa tivtivis, curvis, 

CaZirvis da Sedegebi gaanalizos da raodenobrivad Camoayalibos arqimedes 

kanoni gazomavs sxeulebis moculobasa da simkvrives arqimedes 

kanonis gamoyenebiT; akavSirebs amomgdebi da winaaRmdegobis Zalebis 

moqmedebas organizmebis curvasTan; ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunikaciis 

unar-Cvevebi. 

15 

bun.VII.8 

bun.VII.9 

bun.VII.9 

bun.VII.9 

bun.VII.10 

bun.VII.10 

bun.VII.10 

bun.VII.10 

bun.VII.9 

bun.VII.9

moswavlis rveuli (fizikis nawili) 

gakveTili cdis saswavlo mizani erovnuli saswavlo gegmis 


dakvirveba molekulebs Soris 

moqmed mizidvis da ganzidvis 

Zalebze 

dakvirveba airebSi difuziis 

procesze 

dakvirveba magnitur Zalaze 

dakvirveba xaxunis Zalaze 

dakvirveba drekadobis Zalaze 

dakvirveba wnevaze 

dakvirveba atmosferul wnevaze 

`Zunwi boTli” 

dakvirveba atmosferul wnevaze 

`saSineli xeli~ 

dakvirveba siTxeSi CaZirul 

sxeulze 

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: ra bunebisaa 

sxvadasxva nivTierebebis molekulebs Soris moqmedi 

Zalebi 

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas – ra taviseburebebiT 

xasiaTdeba difuzia airebSi da siTxeebSi? 

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: rogor moqmedebs 

magnituri Zala sxvadasxva sxeulebze? 


ra da ra faqtorebzea damokidebuli xaxunis Zala? 


rogoria gareSe Zalisa da deformaciis sididis 

damokidebuleba. 


rogoraa damokidebuli wneva sayrden farTobze. 


rogor moqmedebs atmosferuli wneva siTxis zedapirze. 


rogor moqmedebs daxurul WurWelSi narCeni atmosferuli 

wneva. 


ras udris siTxeSi CaZirul sxeulze moqmedi amomgdebi 

Zala? 

16 

standartTTan 

Sesabamisoba 

bun.VII.8 

bun.VII.8 

bun.VII.9 

bun.VII.9 

bun.VII.9 

bun.VII.9 

bun.VII.9 

bun.VII.9 

bun.VII.9

qimia moswavlis wigni 

gakveTili gakveTilis saswavlo mizani erovnuli saswavlo 

gegmis sagnobrivi programis mixedviT 

qimia – bunebismetyvelebis 

nawili 

movlenebi 

qimiuri reaqciis niSnebi 

da pirobebi 

wva da Jangva 

nivTierebis masis mudmivobis 

kanoni 

wylis mniSvneloba sicocxlisaTvis 

xsnarebi 

xsnadoba 

mJava,fuZe da indikatori. 

neitralizaciis reaqcia 

moswavlem SeZlos isaubros ratom aris qimia sabunebismetyvelo 

mecniereba; imsjelos nivTierebebze, maT gardaqmnebze da 

am gardaqmnebis Tanmxleb movlenebze 

moswavlem imsjelos fizikuri movlenebis (mag., nivTierebaTa 

wyalSi gaxsna, formis Secvla, agregatuli mdgomareobis 

Secvla) Sesaxeb. gamoitanos saTanado daskvna; 

praqtikuli magaliTebis safuZvelze imsjelos nivTierebebis 

fizikuri da qimiuri cvlilebebi (mag., agregatuli mdgomareobis 

Secvla, formis Secvla, nivTierebis gaxsna, airis gamoyofa, 

feris Secvla) msjelobs am cvlilebebis gamomwvev mizezebze 

(mag., gacxeleba, Sereva, dawva, meqanikuri zemoqmedeba); 

moswavlem SeZlos ganixilos fizikuri da qimiuri movlenebis 

garegnuli niSnebi, (mag., agregatuli mdgomareobis Secvla, 

formis Secvla, nivTierebis gaxsna, airis gamoyofa, feris 

Secvla) gaanalizos am cvlilebebis gamomwvevi mizezebi (mag., 

gacxeleba, Sereva, dawva, meqanikuri zemoqmedeba); 

moswavlem SeZlos CamoTvlos wvisa da Jangvis magaliTebi 

yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan da imsjelos maT xelSemwyob faqtorebze; 

gamoikvlios haeris roli sanTlis wvis procesSi; 

aRweros wva, rogorc qimiur reaqcia, romelSic monawileobs 

gazi, haeri an Jangbadi da miiReba wyali da naxSirorJangi; 

moswavlem SeZlos gamoiyenos Sesabamisi terminologia, 

CamoTvlios da aRweros fizikuri da qimiuri movlenebis magaliTebi, 

qimiuri movlenebi gamosaxos sqematurad/sityvierad 

(mag.,wyali �= Jangbadi + wyalbadi; naxSirbadi + Jangbadi 

= naxSirorJangi); gaanalizos, rom masis mudmivobis kanoni 

samarTliania nebismieri qimiuri reaqciisaTvis 

moswavles SeuZlia aRweros narevisgan komponentebis gamoyofis 

romelime xerxi (mag., distilireba, aorTqleba/kondensireba, 

qromatografia). CamoTvlos wylis bunebrivi gafiltvris 

magaliTebi; 

moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos xsnarebze -ra aris xsnari, rogor 

miiReba xsnari, rogori saxisaa xsnarebi; CamoTvlos xsnarebis 

magaliTebi da imsjelos xsnarebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb bunebasa 

da adamianis cxovrebaSi; aanalizebs, rom xsnaris masa 

gamxsnelisa da gasaxsneli nivTierebebis masebis jamis tolia 

(mag., Tu 5 g marils gaxsnian 200g wyalSi, miRebuli xsnaris masa 

iqneba 205 g); 

moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos xsnarebze; ganmartos ra aris 

najeri da ujeri xsnarebi, axsnas aris xsnadoba da moiyvanos 

magaliTebi xsnadobaze rogor moqmedebs wneva da temperatura 

moswavles SeuZlia ganixilos yofa-cxovrebaSi mJavebis gamoyenebis 

magaliTebi (mag., Zmari, limonmJava, xilis wveni, wamlebi, 

sarecxi saSualebebi); 

flobs infirmacias indikatorebisa da pH-is skalis Sesaxeb - 

fuZe, mJava da neitraluri xsnarebis amosacnobad; 

moswavles SeuZlia ganixilos mJavebsa da fuZeebs Soris mimdinare 

neitralizaciis reaqcias. ganixilos sxvadasxva pirobebSi 

pHHHH-is 

cvlilebaze orientirebuli reaqciebi 

17 

standartTTan 

Sesabamisoba 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.13 

bun.VII.13 

bun.VII.13 

bun.VII.12. 

bun.VII.12

moswavlis rveuli (qimiis nawili) 

gakveTili cdis saswavlo mizani erovnuli saswavlo gegmis 


nivTierebis cvlileba moswavlem cdisas awarmoos dakvirveba da dakvirvebis Sedegebze 

dayrdnobiT gaakeTos daskvna rom nivTierebis Serevas xan 

axlavs da xan ar axlavs xiluli niSnebi. iyenebs Sesabamis masalas 

an/da aRWurvilobas da atarebs dagegmil cdas usafrTxoebis 

wesebis dacviT; 

nivTierebis Tvisebebi moswavlem cdisas awarmoos dakvirveba da dakvirvebis Sedegebze 

dayrdnobiT gaakeTos daskvna, rom nivTiereba Saqarma 

Tvisebebi SeinarCuna. iyenebs Sesabamis masalas an/da aRWurvilobas 

da atarebs dagegmil cdas usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT; 

nivTierebis Tvisebebis 

cvlileba 

moswavlem cdisas awarmoos dakvirveba da dakvirvebis Sedegebze 

dayrdnobiT gaakeTos daskvna, rom Saqris dawva aris qimiuri 

movlena. iyenebs Sesabamis masalas an/da aRWurvilobas da 

atarebs dagegmil cdas usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT; 

Qqimiuri reaqciis niSnebi moswavlem cdisas awarmoos dakvirveba da dakvirvebis Sedegebze 

dayrdnobiT gaakeTos daskvna, rom naTeba, feris cvlileba, 

sunis gamoyofa, airis gamoyofa, naleqis warmoqmna aris qimiuri 

movlenis Tanmxlebi xiluli niSnebi da SeuZlia imsjelos 

am cvlilebebis gamomwvev mizezebze (mag., gacxeleba, Sereva, 

dawva, meqanikuri zemoqmedeba); 

Jangbadi moswavlem cdisas awarmoos dakvirveba da dakvirvebis Sedegebze 

dayrdnobiT gaakeTos daskvna, haerSi aris Jangbadi, 

romelic xels uwyobs wvasa da Jangvas http://www.youtube.com/ 

watch?v=WuG5WTId-IY 

naxSirorJangi moswavlem cdisas awarmoos dakvirveba da dakvirvebis Sedegebze 

dayrdnobiT gaakeTos daskvna, rom naxSirorJangi xels 

uSlis wvasiyenebs Sesabamis masalas an/da aRWurvilobas da 

atarebs dagegmil cdas usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT; 

sanTlis wva moswavlem cdisas awarmoos dakvirveba da dakvirvebis Sedegebze 

dayrdnobiT aRweros wva, rogorc qimiuri reaqcia, 

romelSic monawileobs gazi, haeri an Jangbadi da miiReba wyali 

da naxSirorJangi 

axali nivTierebis miReba moswavlem Caataros cda da daakvirdes qimiuri reaqciebis 

Sedegad axali nivTierebebis warmoqmnas; 

masis mudmivobis kanoni iyenebs Sesabamis masalas an/da aRWurvilobas da atarebs 

dagegmil cdas usafrTxoebis wesebis dacviT; 

xsnari moswavlem Catarebuli cdis safuZvelze daaskvnas ra gziT 

SeiZleba marilis wyalxsnaridad gamoyos marili da cdis monacemebze 

dayrdnobiT daasabuTos xsn masebiiii 

gaxsnis procesze moqmedi 

faqtorebis gamokvleva 

bunebrivi nayenis indikatoruli 

Tvisebebis 

gamokvleva 

moswavlem Catarebuli cdebis da sakuTari gamocdilebis Sedegebze 

dayrdnobiT aRweros nivTierebaTa gaxsnis procesze 

moqmedi faqtorebi (mag., temperatura, gamxsnelisa da gaxsnili 

nivTierebis raoba da masa, nawilakTa zoma, moreva). Sedegebi 

warmoadgenos cxrilis saxiT. 

moswavlem cdisas awarmoos dakvirveba da dakvirvebis Sedegebze 

dayrdnobiT aRweros indikatorebi da pH-is skala fuZe, 

mJava da neitraluri xsnarebis amosacnobad; aRweros xsnaris 

pH-is cvlileba neitralizaciis procesSi. 

PH skalis moswavlem SeZlos indikatorebisa da pH-is skalis fuZe, mJava 

da neitraluri xsnarebis amosacnobad; aRwers xsnaris pHH-is 

cvlilebas neitralizaciis procesSi. 

mJava wvimebi atarebs martiv cdebs mJavebisa da fuZeebis gamoyenebiT, 

ganasxvavebs maT Tvisebebs; 

mJavis urTierTqmedeba 

kalciumis karbonatze 

atarebs martiv cdebs mJavebisa da marilebis gamoyenebiT, 

ganasxvavebs maT Tvisebebs; 

18 

standartTTan 

Sesabamisoba 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11. 

bun.VII.11.

iologia B 



erT da mravalujrediani 

organizmebi 

ujredi – qsovili – organo 

– organizmi 

ujredi ganapirobebs organizmis 

funqcias da ganviTarebas. 

moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis 

erTeulze; moipovos informacias ilustraciebidan ujredis 

formis mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb (erT- da mravalujredian 

organizmebSi) 

moswavles SeuZlia imsjelos da sxvadasxva saSualebebiT 

gamosaxos sicocxlis organizaciis doneebi: ujredi, qsovili, 

organo, organizmi 

moswavles SeuZlia imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis 

struqturul, funqciur da ganviTarebis elementarul 

erTeulze 

mcenareuli ujredi mowavlem SeZlos mikrofotografiaze amoicnos da daTvalos 

ujredis struqturuli komponentebi; imsjelos ujredis 

struqturuli komponentebis funqciebze 

sokos da cxoveluri 

ujredi 

umartivesebi da sxva 

protistebi 

baqteriebi, arqebaqteriebi, 

cianobaqteriebi 

samefoebi. araujreduli 

agebulebis organizmebi 

mowavlem SeZlos ilustraciebze an eleqtronul formatze 

ganarCios prokariotul da eukariotul (mcenareuli, cxoveluri, 

sokos) ujredebi, daasaxelos maT msgavs da ganmasxvavebeli 

struqturebi, Sedegebi gamosaxos venis diagramis saSualebiT; 


ganarCios protistebi asaxelebs maT msgavs da ganmasxvavebel 

struqturebs, Sedegebs gamosaxavs sqemis diagramis saSualebiT; 


ganarCios prokariotebi baqteriebi, arqebaqteriebi, cianobaqteriebi 

aRweros da imsjelos maTze 

mowavlem SeZlos aRweros cocxali samyaros samefoebi; Seadginos 

martivi klasifikaciis sqema da es sqema gamoiyenos, rogorc 

sarkvevi. 

ZuZumwovrebis klasi mowavlem SeZlos aRweros cocxali samyaros samefoebi; cxovelTa 

samefo, ZuZumwovrebis klasi .. imsjelos maTze damaxasiaTebeli 

niSnebis mixedviT 

qvewarmavlebis klasi mowavlem SeZlos aRweros cocxali samyaros samefoebi; cxovelTa 

samefo, qvewarmavlebis klasi.. imsjelos maTze damaxasiaTebeli 


frinvelebis klasi mowavlem SeZlos aRweros cocxali samyaros samefoebi; cxovelTa 

samefo, frinvelebis klasi.. imsjelos maTze damaxasiaTebeli 


amfibiebis da Tevzebis 

klasi 

uxerxemlo cxovelebi. 

fexsaxsrianebi 

mowavlem SeZlos aRweros cocxali samyaros samefoebi; cxovelTa 

samefo, amfibiebis da Tevzebis klasi.. imsjelos maTze 

damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis mixedviT 

mowavlem SeZlos aRweros cocxali samyaros samefoebi; 

imsjelos fexsaxsrianebze /obobasnairebi, mwerebi, kibosnairebi, 

sxva fexsaxsrianebi/ maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis 

mixedviT 

sxva uxerxemlo cxovelebi mowavlem SeZlos aRweros cocxali samyaros samefoebi; 

imsjelos rbiltanianebze maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis 

mixedviT 

saxeoba moswavlem SeZlos daaxasiaTos cocxali samyaros mravalferovneba, 

gamoiyenos klasifikaciis principi da imsjelos 

sxvadasxva jgufebs Soris msgavseba-gansxvavebaze. 

19 

standartTTan 

Sesabamisoba 

bun.VII.5 

bun.VII.5 

bun.VII.5 

bun.VII.5 

bun.VII.5 

bun.VII.5 

bun.VII.5 

bun.VII.7 

bun.VII.6 

bun.VII.7 

bun.VII.6 

bun.VII.7 

bun.VII.6 

bun.VII.7 

bun.VII.6 

bun.VII.7 

bun.VII.7 

bun.VII.7 

bun.VII.7

sqesobrivi da usqeso gamravleba 

sruli da arasruli 

metamorfozi 

protistebis, monerebis 

gamravleba. ujredis 

gayofa 

moswavlem SeZlos Seagrovos informacia mcenaris, cxovelis 

usqeso da sqesobrivi gamravlebis mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb; 

Seadaros erTmaneTs gamravlebis formebi (mag., vegetatiuri, 

TesliT, dakvirtviT, zoosporebiT); adarebs erTmaneTs sqesobrivi 

gamravlebis formebs (mag., gamravleba kvercxiT - qvewarmavali, 

frinveli; cocxalmSobiarobiT - ZuZumwovrebi), msjelobs 

maT Soris msgavseba - gansxvavebaze da mohyavs Sesabamisi 

magaliTebi; 

moswavlem SeZlos moipovebs informacias da adarebs sxvadasxva 

organizmis sasicocxlo cikli mohyavs zogierTi individis 

sasicocxlo ciklis garemosTan Seguebis magaliTebi 

moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos gamravlebis gziT organizmebis 

mier Tavisive msgavsis warmoqmnis biologiur mniSvnelobaze 

mcenareTa klasifikacia moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos mcenareTa mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb 

da anawilebs maT Sesabamis taqsonomiur erTeulebSi damaxasiaTebeli 

niSnebis mixedviT (mag., naZvi, fiWvi, cacxvi - mcenareTa 

samefo, Sesabamisad SiSvel an farulTeslovani) 

mcenareebis gamravleba moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos mcenaris sqesobrivi gamravlebis 

mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb; adarebs erTmaneTs sqesobrivi gamravlebis 

formebs; msjelobs gamravlebis gziT organizmebis 

mier Tavisive msgavsis warmoqmnis biologiur mniSvnelobaze 

vegetaturi gamravleba moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos mcenaris vegetatiuri gamravlebis 

Sesaxeb; adarebs erTmaneTs vegetatiuri gamravlebis formebs; 

msjelobs gamravlebis gziT organizmebis mier Tavisive msgavsis 

warmoqmnis biologiur mniSvnelobaze 

wiTel wignSi Setanili 

cocxali organizmebi 

erT da mravalujrediani 

organizmebi 

moswavlem SeZlos daaxasiaTos cocxali samyaros mravalferovneba 

da imsjelos maTi dacvis aucileblobaze 

moipovebs informacias ilustraciebidan ujredis formis mravalferovnebis 

Sesaxeb (erT- da mravalujredian organizmebSi) 

da akavSirebs ujredis formas mis funqciasTan; 

moswavlis rveuli (biologiis nawili) 



dakvirveba mcenaris foTlis 

agebulebaze. 

dakvirveba mcenaris sxvadasxva 

organos agebulebaze 

pigmentebis aRmoCena mcenaris 

foTolSi 

dakvirveba baqteriebis 

cxovelqmedebis pirobebze 

dakvirveba ZuZumwovrebis 

kbilebze kvleva 1. 

aqlemis Segueba saarsebo 

garemosTan 

Tevzis Seguebuloba wyalSi 

gadaadgilebasTan 

dakvirveba mcenareTa Teslis 

da foTlis mravalferovnebaze 

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: ras niSnavs ujreduli 

agebuleba? 

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: foTlis garda mcenaris 

sxva organoebsac aqvT ujreduli agebuleba? 

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces SekiTxvas: aris Tu ara mwvane 

feris foTolSi mwvanes garda sxva feris pigmentebic? 

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: aqvs Tu ara mniSvneloba 

garemos temperaturas baqteriebis aqtivobisaTvis? 

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: rogori formis kbilebi 

aqvT ZuZumwovrebs ra mniSvneloba aqvs kbilebis gansxvavebul 

formas? 

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces SekiTxvas: raSi gamoixateba aqlemis 

Seguebuloba qviSnarSi gadaadgilebasTan? 

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: ratom icvleba wyalSi 

Tevzis sxeulis mdebareoba sacurao buStis airiT gavsebis 

da airisgan daclis SemTxvevaSi. 

kvlevam pasuxi unda gasces kiTxvas: gansxvavdeba Tu ara 

mcenareebi Teslis da foTlis garegnuli maxasiaTeblebiT 

20 

bun.VII.7 

bun.VII.6 

bun.VII.6 

bun.VII.6 

bun.VII.6 

bun.VII.6 

bun.VII.7. 

bun.VII.5 

standartTTan 

Sesabamisoba 

bun.VII.5 

bun.VII.5 

bun.VII.7 

bun.VII.5 

bun.VII.13 

bun.VII.5 

bun.VII.5 

bun.VII.6 

bun.VII.5 

bun.VII.7 

bun.VII.6 

bun.VII.5 

bun.VII.7

6. rekomendaciebi 

rekomendaciebi Temaze – Sefaseba 

1. ra aris Sefasebis mizani? 

axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Seqmnam miSvnelovani cvlilebebi gamoiwvia. maT Soris upirvelesi 

aris is, rom `saganmanaTleblo procesis centrSi dgas moswavle, misi ganviTarebis procesi da mis mier 

miRweuli Sedegi. Sedegze orientireba gulisxmobs moswavlisaTvis miwodebuli informaciis ara mxolod 

damaxsovrebas, aramed am informaciis myar, dinamiur da funqciur codnad gardaqmnas~. 

orientacia TiToeul moswavlesa da Sedegze Tvisobrivad cvlis Sefasebis sistemasac. Sefasebis saSualebiT 

ganisazRvreba im saswavlo Sedegebis miRwevis xarisxi, romlebic sagnobrivi programis standartiT 

aris gaTvaliswinebuli. 

Sefaseba aris raime sagnis, movlenis, procesis an vinmes Sesabamisobis / mimarTebis dadgena winaswar 

gansazRvrul niSan-TvisebebTan (kriteriumebTan). Sefasebis mizania imis garkveva, Tu ramdenad kargad 

aswavlis maswavlebeli da ramdenad kargad swavloben moswavleebi. kerZod, Sefasebas aqvs Semdegi ZiriTadi 

miznebi: 

(1) moswavlis swavlis xelSewyoba; 

(2) moswavlis Zlieri da susti mxareebis gamovlena; 

(3) swavlebis konkretuli meTodikis efeqtianobis Semowmeba; 

(4) saswavlo programebis efeqtianobis gansazRvra da srulyofa; 

(5) saswavlo procesSi swavlebis efeqtianobis Sefaseba da srulyofa; 

(6) mSoblebis CarTva moswavlis swavlebis procesSi da maTTan komunikaciis gamyareba. 

Sefasebas aqvs ori gansxvavebuli funqcia: 

• swavlis procesis Sefaseba (mimdinare Sefaseba); 

• produqtis / Sedegebis / miRwevebis Sefaseba (Semajamebeli Sefaseba); 

pirveli gulisxmobs informaciis dagrovebas saswavlo procesis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb, xolo meore 

- Sedegebis aRnusxvas. 

moswavleTa Sefaseba xdeba komponentebSi. komponentebSi miRebuli Sefasebebi gansazRvravs moswavlis 

semestrul Sefasebas. 

amonaridi axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmidan 2011-2016 ww. 

sagnis semestruli qulis Semadgeneli komponentebi 

1. semestris manZilze moswavleebi fasdebian Semdegi sami komponentis mixedviT: 

a) saSinao davaleba; 

b) saklaso davaleba; 

g) Semajamebeli davaleba. 

2. Sefasebis samive komponents erTnairi wona aqvs. 

3. saSinao da saklaso davalebaTa komponentebSi gamoiyeneba rogorc ganmsazRvreli, aseve ganmavi- 

Tarebeli Sefaseba. 

4. Semajamebeli davalebis komponentSi aucilebelia ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis gamoyeneba. 

5. erovnuli saswavlo gegma TiToeuli sagnisaTvis gansazRvravs semestris ganmavlobaSi Casatarebeli 

Semajamebeli davalebebis savaldebulo minimalur raodenobas. am komponentiT Sefasebisas: 

a) standartis moTxovnaTa dasakmayofileblad, aucilebelia Semajamebeli davalebis mravalgvari 

formis gamoyeneba (Txzuleba, moxseneba, referati, proeqti, savele-gasvliTi samuSao, laboratoriuli 

kvleva, saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis nimuSi da sxv.); 

b) moswavle valdebulia Seasrulos klasSi Catarebuli yvela Semajamebeli davaleba (erovnuli saswavlo 

gegmiT dadgenili savaldebulo minimumi da skolis mier damatebiT dadgenili, am ukanasknelis 

arsebobis SemTxvevaSi); 

g) Tu moswavle ar Seasrulebs romelime Semajamebel samuSaos gacdenis gamo, skola valdebulia, 

misces mas gacdenili Semajamebeli davalebebis aRdgenis saSualeba. Semajamebeli aRdgeniTi samuSaos 

vadebi da misi Catarebis forma ganisazRvreba saskolo saswavlo gegmiT. 

21

Sefasebis tipebi 

skolaSi, moswavleTa Sefasebisas gamoiyeneba ori tipis Sefaseba: ganmsazRvreli da ganmaviTarebeli. 

ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba akontrolebs swavlis xarisxs, adgens moswavlis miRwevis dones erovnuli 

saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvrul miznebTan mimarTebaSi. ganmsazRvrel SefasebaSi iwereba qula. 

ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba akontrolebs TiToeuli moswavlis ganviTarebis dinamikas da xels uwyobs 

swavlis xarisxis gaumjobesebas. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebisas gamoiyeneba iseTi saSualebebi, rogoricaa: 

• sityvieri komentari, 

• rCeva-darigeba, 

• dakvirvebis furceli, 

• TviTSefasebisa da urTierTSefasebis sqema da sxv. 

axal erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli Sefasebebis aRweriloba aseTia: 

mizani swavlis xarisxis gaumjobeseba; 

moswavlis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba 

ganmaviTarebeli ganmsazRvreli 

Sefasebis sagani swavlis procesi swavlis Sedegi 

Sefasebis Sedegad miRebuli 

gadawyvetileba 

warmatebis kriteriumebis 

gansazRvra 

winsvlis xelSesawyobad gansxvavebuli aqtivobis 

SerCeva, swavlebis strategiis Secvla, 

rCeva-darigebis micema da sxv. 

konkretuli moswavlis winsvlis safuZvelze 

(sakuTar miRwevebTan mimarTebiT - ra dones 

flobda, ra dones flobs) 

Sefasebis saSualebebi TviT/urTierTSefasebis rubrika; 

kiTxvari; 

sityvieri (zepiri/werilobiTi) komentari; 

unaris ganviTarebis donis aRwera. 

22 

swavlis xarisxis gakontroleba; 

moswavlis miRwevis donis dadgena 

erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansaz- 

Rvrul miznebTan mimarTebaSi; 

akademiuri moswrebis donis gansaz- 

Rvra 

momdevno etapze (klasSi/safexurze) 

daSveba/ardaSveba 

imis safuZvelze, Tu ramdenad miaRwia 

standartiT gansazRvrul Sedegebs 

(yvelasaTvis saerTo, standartiT dadgenil 

normasTan mimarTebaSi) 

qula 

mimdinare Sefaseba xdeba: yovel gakveTilze, yoveldRe, yoveli aqtivobis dros. ar aris savaldebulo 

yovelTvis qulebiT Sefaseba. 

ra aris mniSvnelovani? 

mniSvnelovania is, rom aseTi Sefaseba gvaZlevs moswavlis mravalmxrivi Seswavlis saSualebas. kerZod, 

ra saxis saqmianoba izidavs da ra ara, rogoria misi swavlis stili (swavlobs mosmeniT, kiTxviT, weriT, 

keTebiT; aqvs mTlianobiTi aRqma Tu sagnebsa da movlenebs danawevrebulad aRiqvams, Teoretikosia Tu 

pragmatistia da a.S.), ra uZneldeba, ra uadvildeba, SeuZlia Tu ara koncentracia, aqvs Tu ara winsvla, Tu 

ara, ra aris warumateblobis mizezi an ra ganapirobebs mis warmatebas, aqvs Tu ara ganviTarebuli SemoqmedebiTi, 

saazrovno da socialuri unarebi, rogoria misi interesebis sfero, individualuri Taviseburebebi, 

ra Zlieri da susti mxareebi aqvs. mimdinare Sefasebis procesSi mniSvnelovania ara imdenad qulebis 

dawera (niSniT Sefaseba), ramdenadac rCevebi, ra da rogor gaaumjobesos. formatuli Sefaseba moswavlis 

Sesaxeb amomwurav, mravalmxriv informacias iZleva da obieqturobis garantia. 

amasTan, mimdinare Sefaseba maswavlebels aZlevs sakuTari yoveldRiuri saqmianobis refleqsiis 

SesaZleblobas. imaze dayrdnobiT, ramdenad miaRwia maswavlebelma sagakveTilo mizans, ra codna da unar- 

Cvevebi gamoavlines moswavleebma, ra daZlies da ra vera, mas SeuZlia Seafasos dagegmili aqtivobebis 

efeqtianoba, SerCeuli masalis sirTule, klasis marTvis, organizebis unari da sxv. 

Semajamebeli Sefaseba 

adgens moswavlis warmatebas swavlebisa da swavlis konkretul etapze: Temis dasrulebisas, semestris 

bolos, saswavlo wlis bolos. aseTi Sefasebisas mowmdeba is, Tu ramdenad miaRwia moswavlem standartiT 

gaTvaliswinebul Sedegs / Sedegebs. 

swored Semajamebeli Sefasebis Sedegebis analizze dayrdnobiT vakeTebT daskvnas, ramdenad Sesrulda 

erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebi. 

3. Sefasebis sqemebis Seqmna da gamoyeneba

a aris gakveTilis saswavlo mizni? 

radgan axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis sagnobrivi programis misaRwevi Sedegebi moicavs: codnas, 

unar-Cvevebs, damokidebulebas. bunebrivia gakveTilebis saswavli mizani, romelic standartis enaze unda 

Camoyalibdes unda moicavdes maT. 

magaliTad: 

sagani Tema saswavlo mizani standartis mixedviT 

sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis 

safuZvlebi 

nivTierebis simkvrive moswavlem SeZlos daakavSiros nivTierebis simkvrive 

mis praqtikul gamoyenebasTan; adekvaturad gamoiyenos 

Sesabamisi cnebebi da formulebi amocanebis 

amosaxsnelad. ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunikaciis 

unar-Cvevebi. 

sainteresoa SevexoT, ra kavSiri arsebobs saswavlo mizansa da Sefasebis kriteriumebs Soris? 

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani gakveTilis bolos Sedegad gadaiqceva. 

-rogor gaizomos Sedegi? 

-swored amisaTvis aris saWiro kriteriumi. 

-ris mixedviT yalibdeba kriteriumebi? 

-gakveTilis saswavlo miznis Sesabamisad! 

- rogor? 

gTavazobT konkretul magaliTs: 

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani Sefasebis kriteriumebi 

moswavlem SeZlos daakavSiros nivTierebis simkvrive mis 

praqtikul gamoyenebasTan; adekvaturad gamoiyenos Sesabamisi 

cnebebi da formulebi amocanebis amosaxsnelad. 

ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi. 

23 

1. ganmartavs nivTierebis simkvrives 

2. msjelobs nivTierebis simkvrivis praqtikul gamoyenebaze 

3. Sesabamisi cnebebs da formulebs adekvaturad 

iyenebs amocanebis amosaxsnisas 

rogorc, xedavT saswavlo mizanSi ramdeni zmna anu operaciac aris mocemuli imdeni Sefasebis kriteriumia 

saWiro Sedegebis gasazomad. es saSualebas aZlevs pedagogs (Semfasebels) TiToeuli operacia 

Seufasos moswavles; anu daukonkretos ra gaakeTa kargad da ra ver gaakeTa. Sefasebis kriteriumebis 

gamoyenebiT maswavlebeli adgens Sefasebis rubrikas da TiToeul kriteriums Slis doneebis mixedviT. 

gTavazobT konkretul magaliTs. 

kriteriumebi 1-3 4-5 6-7 8-10 

ganmartavs niv- 

Tierebis simkvrives 

msjelobs niv- 

Tierebis simkvrivis 

praqtikul 

gamoyenebaze 

amocanebis amoxsnisas 

iyenebs Sesabamis 

cnebebs da 

formulebs 

arasworad 



arasworad 

msjelobs niv- 


praqtikul 

gamoyenebaze 


ver iyenebs 

Sesabamis cnebebs 

da formulebs 

arasrulad ganmartavs 

nivTierebis simkvrives 

zogadad da xarvezebiT 

msjelobs niv- 


praqtikul gamoyenebaze 


xarvezebiT 

iyenebs Sesabamis cnebebs 

da formulebs 

saubrobs ra 

ganapirobebs 

simkvrives da 

ganmartavs 

msjelobs niv- 


praqtikul 

gamoyenebaze 


iyenebs 

Sesabamis cnebebs 

da formulebs 

ganixilebs ra kavSiria masas 

moculobasa da simkvrives 

Soris da ganmartavs niv- 

Tierebis simkvrives; 

msjelobs nivTierebis simkvrivis 

praqtikul gamoyenebaze 

- mag. aanalizebs kvadrociklis 

sxvadasxva nawilebi sxvadasxva 

simkvrivis nivTiere bisgan 

damzadebis mizanSewonilobas 

amocanebis amoxsnisas warmatebiT 

iyenebs Sesabamis cnebebs 

da formulebs 

arsebobs gansxvavebuli tipis da daniSnulebis Sefasebis sqemebi. imisda mixedviT Tu ra mizans isaxavs 

konkretuli Sefaseba da rogor miiRweva es mizani. ganasxvaveben: 

• analitikur 

• holistur

• zogad 

• konkretul Sefasebis sqemebs. 

ganvixiloT isini cal-calke. 

iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac maswavlebels surs, rom moswavlis codna Seafasos ori an meti kriteriumis 

mixedviT igi iyenebs an qmnis analitikuri Sefasebis sqemas. zemoT mocemuli Sefasebis sqema analitikuria. 

radganac is 3 kriteriums Seicavs. 

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac Sefasebis sqemis dayofa or an met damoukidebel maxasiaTeblad aucilebeli 

ar aris an ubralod ver xerxdeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli qmnis an iyenebs holistur Sefasebis sqemas. 

holisturi Sefasebis sqemis grafebSi gaerTianebulia yvela kriteriumi da yvela maxasiaTebeli. ris 

mixedviTac maswavlebels surs rom magaliTad naweri Seafasos. moswavlis pasuxis xarisxi fasdeba zogadad 

da ara konkretuli maxasiaTeblebis mimarT. gTavazobT Txzulebis holisturi Sefasebis sqemis nimuSss: 

holisturi Sefasebis sqema 

davalebis moTxovnas pasuxobs srulad. azri mkafiod da Tanmimdevrulad aris gadmocemuli. grama- 3 

tika da leqsika moTxovnis Sesabamisia. Secdomebis raodenoba umniSvneloa. 

davalebis moTxovnas pasuxobs nawilobriv. azri Tanamimdevrulad mxolod zog SemTxvevaSia gadmoce- 2 

muli. gramatika da leqsika moTxovnaze martivia. Secdomebis raodenoba zog SemTxvevaSi xels uSlis 

azris gagebas. 

davalebis moTxovnas pasuxobs mcired. azris gageba Wirs. gramatikuli da leqsikuri Secdomerbi aris 1 

winadadebebis umetesobaSi. 

naweri davalebas ar pasuxobs, an azris gageba SeuZlebelia, an furceli carielia. 0 

Sefaseba sabunebismetyvelo sagnebSi 

ras iTvaliswinebs Sefasebis TiToeuli komponenti sabunebismetyvelo sagnebSi: 

1) saSinao davaleba 

davalebis tipebi: saSinao eqsperimenti, dakvirveba obieqtebsa da procesebze, informaciis moZieba, 

konceptualuri rukis Sedgena, modelireba, referatis momzadeba da sxva. 

fasdeba Semdegi unarebi: 

1. saazrovno unar-Cvevebi; 

2. kvlevis unar-Cvevebi; 

3. problemis gadaWris unar-Cvevebi; 

4. TviTmarTvis unar-Cvevebi. 

rubrikis nimuSi: 

informaciis moZiebis Sefaseba 

TariRi: 

moswavle Sefasebis kriteriumebi 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5 

6. 

7. 

informaciis 

wyaroebis arCeva 

0-3 

moZiebuli informaciis kvlevis 

mizanTan Sesabamisoba 

0-4 

24 

moZiebuli informaciis 

organizeba 

0-3 

qulaTa maqsimaluri 

raodenoba 

10

2) saklaso davaleba 

davalebis tipebi: sakiTxis ganxilva/diskusia, eqsperimenti, monacemebis aRricxva/damuSaveba, modelireba, 

savele/gasvliTi samuSaoebi da sxva. 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5 

6. 

7. 





4. socialuri unar-Cvevebi; 

5. komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi; 


rubrikis nimuSi: 

TariRi: eqsperimentis Sefaseba 


kvlevis 

miznis 

gansazRvra 

0-2 

saWiro 

inventaris 

gansazRvra 

0-1 

kvlevis 

Sedegis 

varaudi 

0-1 

kvlevis 

mimdinareobis 

aRwera 

0-2 

25 

monacemebis 

aRricxva 

0-1 

monacem- 

Ta analizi 

0-2 

daskvnis 

gamotana 

0-1 

qulaTa 

maqsimaluri 

raodenoba 

10 

3) Semajamebeli davaleba 

Semajamebeli davalebis komponenti ukavSirdeba swavla-swavlebis Sedegs. am komponentSi unda Sefasdes 

erTi saswavlo monakveTis (Tema, Tavi, paragrafi, sakiTxi) Seswavla-damuSavebis Sedegad miRweuli Sedegebi. 

konkretuli saswavlo erTeulis dasrulebisas moswavlem unda SeZlos sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis 

standartiT gansazRvruli codnisa da unarebis warmoCena. Sesabamisad, Semajamebeli davalebebi unda 

afasebdes sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis standartiT gansazRvruli Sedegebis miRwevis dones. 

standartis moTxovnaTa Sesafaseblad rekomendebulia Semajamebel davalebaTa mravalferovani 

formebis gamoyeneba. sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis Semajamebel davalebaTa tipebi SeiZleba iyos: testi, 

sxvadasxva tipis savarjiSo, savele/gasvliTi samuSao, modelireba, proeqti, prezentacia da sxva. 





4. komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi; 

5. socialuri unar-Cvevebi; 


moTxovnebi, romlebsac unda akmayofilebdes Semajamebeli davalebebi 

• davalebis TiToeul tips unda axldes Sefasebis zogadi rubrika; 

• zogadi rubrika unda dazustdes konkretuli davalebis pirobisa da gavlili masalis gaTvaliswinebiT; 

• 10 qula unda ganawildes rubrikaSi Semaval kriteriumebze; 

• miTiTebuli unda iyos standartis is Sedegebi, romelTa Sefasebasac emsaxureba Semajamebeli davaleba.

ubrikis nimuSi: 

TariRi: kvleviTi proeqti 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5 

6. 

7. 


proeqtis 

mizani 

0-1 

kvlevis 

gegmis 

SemuSaveba 

0-1 

sakiTxTan 

dakav- 

Sirebuli 

informaciis 

moZieba 

0-1 

kvlevis 

Catareba 

0-2 

26 

monacemebis 

aRricxva 

0-1 

analizi da 

daskvnis 

gakeTeba 

0-2 

prezentacia 

0-2 

qulaTa 

maqsimaluri 

raodenoba 

10 

Sefasebis sqemebis mravalferovnebis miuxedavad moTxovnebi maT mimarT erTnairia: 

• rubrikebi/kriteriumebi erTmniSvnelovnad da mkafiod unda iyos Camoyalibebuli/sando/; 

• Sefasebis sqema unda amowmebdes mxolod imas ris Semowmebasac isaxavs miznad da sxvas arafers /validuri/; 

• moswavleebi winaswar unda icnobdnen (da/an monawileobdnen sqemis SeqmnaSi) im Sefasebis sqemas, romliTac 

maTi codna fasdeba /gamWirvale/; 

yovelive zemoTaRniSnulidan gamomdinare SegviZlia SevajamoT: 

• Sefasebis sqemebi, aris mkacrad gansazRvruli kriteriumebisa da maTi gamoyenebis wesebis erToblioba, 

romlis mixedviTac fasdeba moswavlis moswreba ama Tu im aqtivobaSi an saganSi; 

• arsebobs gansxvavebuli tipis da daniSnulebis Sefasebis sqemebi. imisda mixedviT Tu ra mizans isaxavs 

konkretuli Sefaseba da rogor miiRweva es mizani, gaasxvaveben analitikur da holistur zogad da 

konkretul Sefasebis sqemebs; 

• drois garkveuli monakveTis ganmavlobaSi erTi da imave Sefasebis sqemis sistematurad gamoyeneba 

da Sedegebis Sedareba moswavlis ganviTarebis efeqturi saSualebaa; 

• sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma Sefasebis sqemis Seqmnis procesSi CarTos moswavleebi. es moswavleebs 

sasualebas miscems ufro kargad gerkven imasi Tu ras iTxoven maTgan.

kognituri sqemebis gamoyeneba saswavlo procesSi 

sqemebiT saswavlo procesis datvirTva exmareba moswavleebs dasamuSavebeli masalaSi mowodebuli 

mniSvnelovani informaciis aRqmaSi. sqemebiT muSaobisas moswavleebs xelT eZlevaT teqstis kontrolis 

meqanizmi, romelic nawilisa da mTelis, konceptisa da detalebis urTierTmimarTebebis dadgenasa da 

vizualurad danaxvaSi uwyobs maT xels. amitomac xSirad am sqemebs kognitur diagramebs uwodeben. 

Semajamebeli 

samuSaoebis 

Catarebisas 

saSinao da 

saklaso 

samuSaoebisas 

raSi exmareba kognituri sqemebi moswavleebs? 

• informaciis mwyobrad organizebaSi 

• informaciis gaanalizebaSi 

• uviTarebs vizualur aRqmas 

• uviTarebs kritikul azrovnebas 

kognituri sqemebis gamoyenebis areali: 

gamoiyeneba 

axali masalis 

gacnobis dros 

kognituri 

sqemebis 

gamoyenebis 

areali 

27 

teqstis 

kiTxvisas 

teqstis 

damuSavebisas 

raSi exmareba kognituri sqemebi maswavleblebs? 

• kognituri sqemebis gamoyenebisas maswavlebeli moswavleebs saSualebas aZlevs gaaaqtiuros winare 

codna 

• kognituri sqemebis gamoyenebiT xsnis axal masalas 

• zedmiwevniTi konkretulobiT ajamebinebs moswavleebs aTvisebul masalas 

• exmareba pedagogs moswavles Seuqmnas iseTi saswavlo garemo, rodesac is aanalizebs movlenas 

• exmareba pedagogs moswavlis progresis, misi akademiuri moswrebis aRnusxvaSi da SefasebaSi. 

gTavazobT, informacias ramdenime kognituri sqemaze; ra mizniT SeiZleba gamoiyenos maswavlebelma 

da es konkretuli sqema, raSi exmareba moswavles? 

kognituri sqemis dasaxeleba ra mizniT iyenebs maswavlebeli? raSi exmareba moswavles? 

Aambis/Sinaarsis organizebis sqema. zedmiwevniTi konkretulobiT ajamebinebs 

moswavleebs aTvisebul masalas 

movlena da Sedegebi kognituri sqemebis gamoyenebiT xsnis 

axal masalas 

mizez-Sedegobriobis ruka exmareba pedagogs moswavles Seuqmnas 

iseTi saswavlo garemo, rodesac is 

aanalizebs ama Tu im movlenas 

Ggaixsenos: ist pirovnebebi, moqmedebis 

adgili. dainaxos problemis 

dinamika da Sedegi. 

informaciis gaanalizebaSi 

movlenis/problemis 

gaanalizebaSi(gaanalizon ama-Tu 

im movlenis gamomwvevi mizezebi 

da movlenis Sedegebi).

vici, minda vicode, viswavle 

vici, minda vicode, viswavle gamoiyeneba sagakveTilo procesSi teqstze muSaobisas, rac 

• amzadebs moswavles masalis mTlianobaSi gaazrebisaTvis; 

• gviCvenebs, ra aris mocemul teqstSi moswavlisaTvis mniSvnelovani; 

• gviCvenebs, ra iswavla man am teqstiT; 

• aviTarebs informaciis daxarisxebis unar-Cvevebs; 

• aZlierebs teqstis kiTxvisa da masze muSaobis motivacias; 

• aviTarebs kiTxvis dasmis unar-Cvevebs; 

• aviTarebs weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebs. 

es strategia gamoiyeneba individualuri, wyvilebsa da jgufebSi muSaobisas. 

gamoyenebis wesi: 

I etapi: maswavlebeli saswavli miznidan gamomdinare acnobs moswavleebs, ra sakiTxs exeba wasakiTxi 

teqsti da sTxovs Seavson sqema, risTvisac maT unda gaixsenon da pirvel grafaSi Caweron yvelaferi, rac 

ician, an hgoniaT, rom ician mocemuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb; 

meore grafaSi SekiTxvebis saxiT Camoayalibon, risi gagebac 

ainteresebT am sakiTxis Sesaxeb. 

II etapi: es etapi kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg iwyeba da mdgomareobs imaSi, rom sqemis mesame grafaSi 

moswavleebi weren imas, rac iswavles. 

sqemis nimuSi aseTia: 

vici minda vicode viswavle 

es aris meTodi, romelic kargia wina klasSi ganvlili masalis gasaxseneblad, axal masalasTan dasakavSireblad 

da konkretuli Temis Sesajameblad. 

venis diagrama 

saswavlo miznidan gamomdinare xSirad efeqturia informaciis organizeba diagramebiT. maTi daxmarebiT 

informacia xdeba TvalsaCino. ama Tu im formis diagramis Seqmnis procesSi moswavleebs uviTardebaT: 

• informaciis Sekrebisa da daxarisxebis unar-Cveva; 

• raodenobrivi da Tvisobrivi monacemebis organizaciis da warmodgenis unar-Cveva; 

• raodenobrivi monacemebis dalagebis unar-Cveva; 

• Tvisobrivi monacemebis Sedarebis unar-Cveva; 

• monacemebis analizis safuZvelze daskvnis gamotanis unar-Cveva. 

am diagramis damkvidreba cnobili ingliseli maTematikosis jon venis (1834-1923) saxels ukavSirdeba. 

venis diagrama Sedgeba ori an meti rgolisagan. diagrama SedarebiTi analizis saSualebas iZleva da efeqturia 

sxvadasxva saswavlo disciplinebis swavlebisas. 

Sevsebis wesi 

a-varianti: I da II nawilSi faqtis, an movlenis, an personaJis gansxvavebuli niSnebi iwereba, xolo III 

nawilSi - msgavsi. 

b-varianti: cal-calke ivseba I da II nawili, xolo is, rac oriveSi aRmoCndeba erTnairi gadadis III-Si. 

gansxvaveba msgavseba Gansxvaveba 

28

drois diagrama 

es sqema maswavlebelma SesaZlebelia warmatebulad gamoiyenos faqtebis da movlenebis drosTan dasakavSireblad. 

diagrama saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs daamuSaon istoriuli faqtebis, movlenebis Semcveli 

didi teqstebi da sakiTxebi wyvilebSi, jgufebSi, individualerad da maTze dayrdnobiT Seadginon drois 

diagrama. 

Sevsebis wesi 

a-varianti: jer ivsebi diagramis I nawili, romelSic aRiniSneba dro (welTaRricxva, saukune, weli, Tve, 

ricxvi, dRe). Semdeg II nawilSi TiToeuli droiTi aRniSvnis gverdiT Sesabamisi movlena, faqti. 

kartografiis ganviTareba 

wlebi Seqmnili rukebis tipebi 

b-varianti: erTdroulad da TanamimdevrobiT ivseba diagramis orive nawili 

kartografiis ganviTareba 

wlebi Seqmnili rukebis tipebi 

Cvens welTaRricxvamde Qqvaze Seqmnili 

29 

portulano 

T diagrama 

es sqema maswavlebelma SeiZleba mravalmxriv gamoiyenos. igi Zalze mosaxerxebelia sapirispiro mosazrebaTa 

gamosaTqmelad, movlenebisa Tu faqtebis Sesapirispireblad da Sesadareblad, moqmed gmirTa 

dasaxasiaTeblad. 

T sqema saSualebas gvaZlevs warmovaCinoT dapirispireba gansaxilvel sakiTxebs /faqtebs, movlenebs, 

adamianebs, sagnebs da a.S./ Soris. 

savarjiSo kargia informaciis dasaxarisxeblad (vTqvaT, dadebiTad da uaryofiTad) da dasajgufeblad. 

Sevsebis wesi 

dafaze, rveulSi an Tabaxis furcelze ixazeba T diagrama. saswavlo miznidan gamomdinare SeiZleba 

Seivsos jer sqemis marcxena mxare, Semdeg _ marjvena. marcxena mxaris Sevsebis Semdeg, marjvena mxareSi 

iwereba misi sapirispiro mosazrebebi. 

samuSao sruldeba individualurad, wyvilebSi an jgufurad, maswavleblis Sexedulebisamebr: 

daS

ekomendaciebi - rogor movamzadoT proeqti 

qimiis erT-erT gakveTilze moswavleebs eZlevaT davaleba moamzadon proeqti `wyali – sicocxlea~. anu 

ra RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba aris SesaZlebeli mdinaris dabinZurebis Tavidan asacileblad. 

TqvenTvis cnobilia, rom proeqti interaqtiuri swavlebis erT-erTi kolaboraciuli meTodia. 

gTavazobT ramdenime konkretul rCevas romelic exeba proeqtis saswavlo procesSi gamoyenebis meTodikas: 

rCeva 1 proeqtis Seqmna saWiroa maSin roca problema arsebobs. proeqtis mTavari mizani am problemis 

mogvarebaa! 

/mag., problemaa dabinZurebuli mdinare; proeqtis mTavari mizani mdinaris dabinZurebis Tavidan 

acilebaa/ 

rCeva 2 problemis Tvisobrivi da raodenobrivi SeswavlisaTvis kvlevaa saWiro, amitom kvlevis gegmis 

SemuSaveba mniSvnelovania; 

mag. kvlevis gegmis nimuSi 

ras vikvlev? ra meTodiT vikvlev? ra vadaSi vikvlev? SeniSvna 

mdinare X -s romeli mdinareebi 

uerTdeba da ramdenad 

dabinZurebulia isini? 

mdinaris dabinZurebis xarisxis 

dadgena 

rukis kvleva, mdinaris Senakadebis 

mimdebared mcxovrebTa 

gamokiTxva 

mdinaris wylis laboratoriuli 

kvleva 

30 

10 dReSi 

10 dRe 

rCeva 3 informaciis floba yvela moqmedebis warmatebis safuZvelia! 

SesTavazeT moswavleebs informaciis mopovebis wyaroebi: 

wignebi internet resursebi, gazeTebi, 

Jurnalebi, fotoebi 

samTavrobo, arasamTavrobo,kvleviTi, 

saganmanaTleblo uwyebebi, adamianebi 

uSualo 

kontaqti 

rCeva 4 kvlevis Catareba moswavleebma unda awarmoon dagegmilis Sesabamisad. 

kvlevis Tematika: 

• arsebobs Tu ara Tqvens sazogadoebaSi sufTa wylis problema; 

• gaarkvieT, vin aris pasuxismgebeli wylis sisufTaveze; 

• iyeneben Tu ara sawarmoebi Tqvens sacxovrebelTan axlos mdebare mdinares; 

• rukis saSualebiT gaarkvieT, sad Caedineba es mdinare, romeli qveynidan an raioidan moedineba da aris 

Tu ara im regionSi dabinZurebis kerebi; 

• ra saxis narCenebi Caedineba masSi. ra Sedegebi moyolia an SeiZleba mohyves mdinaris dabinZurebas; 

• ra RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba aris SesaZlebeli mdinaris dabinZurebis Tavidan asacileblad. 

rCeva 5 kvlevis Sedegebis CaniSvna unda moxdes romelime grafikul Tu vizualur formatSi/cxrili, 

sqema, diagrama, foto da videomasala .../ 

rCeva 6 Zalian mniSvnelovania moswavleebs vaswavloT rogor gaakeTon monacemTa analizi am analizze 

dayrdnobiT gaakeTon Sefaseba da amaze dayrdnobiT moZebnon problemis gadaWris gza.

magaliTad 

Ykvlevis Sedegebis 

analizze 

dayrdnobiT 

yvelaze seriozuli 

problema ra aris? 

mag. Ykvlevis Sedegebis 

analizze dayrdnobiT 

yvelaze seriozuli 

problema is rom mdinaris 

sanapiroebi nagaviTaa 

saves da masSi 2 

welia aRaravin banaobs 

kvlevis 

Sedegebis 

analizze 

dayrdnobiT 

ra iwvevs am 

problemas? 

mag. kvlevis Sedegebis 

analizze 

dayrdnobiT ikveTeba, 

rom 2 welia 

soflis mcxovrebni 

nagavs pirdapir mdinareSi 

yrian 

moifiqreT problemis 

mogvarebis Tanmimdevruli 

nabijebi 

1. Cveni kvlevis Sedegebi gavugzavnoT 

raionis adgilobriv 

TviTmarTvelobas da vTxovoT 

mdinarispira soflebSi gamoyos 

nagavsayrelebi 

2. davgegmoT d aim soflebSi 

arsebul skolis mosw erTad 

movawyoT mdinaris sanapiroebis 

dasufTavebis aqciebi.. da nagavi 

iqedan simbolurad “gadavitanoT” 

sofelSi gamoyofil nagavsayrelze 

rCeva 7 vaswavloT da movTxovoT moswavleebs efeqturi prezentacia 

• eleqtronuli prezentacia 

• posterebis damzadeba 

• verbaluri prezentacia 

• blogebis, feisbuqis da a.S. gamoyenebiT prezentacia 

• gamofena 

• aqcia 

31 

daasabuTeT Tqvens 

mier mofiqrebuli 

nabijebis efeqturoba 

1. yvela dasaxlebas unda 

hqondes nagavsayreli 

2. TanamonawileobiTi 

aqciebi zrdis TanamonawileTapasuxismgeblobas.. 

aqcia ki sasurveli 

qcevis demonstrirebaa 

proeqtis Sefaseba 

2011-2016 w. erovnul saswavlo gegmis bunebismetyvelebis standartSi mocemulia kvleviTi proeqtis 

Sefasebis sqema. sasurvelia moswavleebma winaswar icodnen Sefasebis kriteriumebi da Sefasebis sqema. 

Sefasebis sqema 

TariRi: kvleviTi proeqti 


proeqtis kvlevis sakiTxTan kvlevis monaanal- mizani gegmis dakavSirebuli Catareba cemebisizi da 

0-1 SemuSaveba informaciis 0-2 aRricxva daskvnis 

0-1 

moZieba 

0-1 gakeTeba 

0-1 

0-2 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4 

5 

6 

7 

prezentacia 

0-2 

SeniSvna am proeqtis momzadebaSi moswavleebs daexmarebaT Semdegi internet-resursebi: 

1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuG5WTId-IY 

2. http://imeretnature.blogspot.com/ 

qulaTa 

maqsimaluriraodenoba 

10

informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyeneba swavlebaSi da misi 

saswavlo- meToduri uzrunvelyofa 

informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyeneba xels uwyobs moswavleTa motivaciis gazrdas, moswavleTa 

CarTvas swavla-swavlebis procesSi da erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli sakiTxebis ukeT 

gagebas. rodesac sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis warmatebulad swavlebaze vsaubrobT, unda gaviTvaliswinoT 

is garemo, romelic saWiroa am saswavlo disciplinis efeqtianad warmarTvisaTvis. 

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania informaciul-sakomunikacio teqnologiebis (ist-is) gamoyeneba qimiis 

gakveTilebze, sadac sagnis 1/3 nawili eTmoba eqsperimentebs. teqnologiebis multimediuri xasiaTi iZleva 

saSualebas moswavleebisaTvis TvalsaCino gavxadoT esa Tu is qimiuri movlena (garkveulwilad movaxdinoT 

laboratoriebis ar arsebobis konpensireba). agreTve fizikurad SeuZlebelia iseTi laboratoriuli 

samuSaoebis Catareba Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqtorebs, rogoricaa qimiuri reaqciebis xangrZlivoba, 

reaqtivebis ar qona, nivTierebebis momwamlavi buneba, ekologiuri problemebi, bavSvis usafrTxoeba. 

garda amisa, teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia, magaliTad: eqsperimentis Sewyveta, SeCereba, an 

im nawilis ganmeoreba, romelic cudad iqna aTvisebuli. aseTi midgoma xels uwyobs sagnis Seswavlisadmi 

interesis amaRlebas. 

informaciuli teqnologiebis integracia swavlaSi aris inovaciuri saqmianoba, romelic naklebad 

ergeba skolis Zvel tradiciul models. 

ist-is gamoyenebiT icvleba saswavlo garemos xedva. swavlis garemo aRar aris SezRuduli fizikuri 

sivrciT. misi Semadgeneli nawilia virtualuri sivrce, romelic saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs da maswavleblebs 

`gavidnen~ saklaso oTaxis kedlebs gareT da daukavSirdnen mTel msoflios. 

ratom unda gamoviyenoT Web 2.0 teqnologiebi swavla/swavlebaSi? 

ra sargebeli moaqvT am teqnologiebs moswavleebisaTvis da maswavleblebisaTvis? 

Web 2.0 teqnologiebi 

CarTuloba monawileoba TanamSromloba 

kreatuloba komunikacia 

Web 2.0 teqnologiebi zrdian moswavleTa CarTulobis xarisxs. swavla am teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT 

ufro mimzidvelia, vinaidan ufro axlosaa realur saqmianobasTan. 

Web 2.0 teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT moswavle ara mxolod swavlobs, aramed monawileobs codnis SeqmnaSi. 

aseTi SesaZlebloba moswavleebs adre iSviaTad Tu eZleodaT. magaliTad, moswavlis mier Seqmnili 

blogi da iq gamoqveynebuli informacia aris misi wvlili (da SeiZleba, Zalian mniSvnelovanic) internetis 

kontentis SeqmnaSi. es mniSvnelovani socialuri aqtivobaa, romelic zrdis moswavleebis motivacias. 

Web 2.0 teqnologiebi gvaZleven TanamSromlobis realur SesaZleblobebs. bolo wlebSi ganaTlebaSi 

TanamSromlobas moswavleebs Soris, moswavleebsa da maswavleblebs Soris mniSvnelovani roli eniWeba. 

magram mxolod axla xdeba SesaZlebeli realuri TanamSromlobis pirobebis Seqmna axali teqnologiebis 

gamoyenebiT. 

Web 2.0 teqnologiebi xels uwyoben kreatulobis zrdas. rigiT moswavles aqvs SesaZlebloba Seqmnas 

multimediuri produqtebi, gamoaqveynos internetSi da miiRos Sefaseba sxvadasxva adamianebisagan. 

Web 2.0 teqnologiebi xels uwyoben diskusiis da kritikuli azrovnebis unaris ganviTarebas. urTier- 

Toba realur auditoriasTan moiTxovs maTgan gacilebiT met pasuxismgeblobas. 

32

logis gamoyeneba swavlaSi 

saWiroeba 

ratom unda vawarmooT blogi? 

1. imitom rom es saintereso da mimzidvelia. imdenad mimzidveli, rom moswavleebs aviwydebaT, rom 

isini sinamdvileSi swavloben. 

2. imitom rom momavalSi ase mogviwevs swavla. swavla xorcieldeba maSin, roca moswavle CarTulia 

praqtikosTa TemSi, swavlis autenturi amocanebis gadaWris procesSi, swavlobs maSin, roca axdens interaqcias 

Temis wevrebTan. 

3. imitom rom es Secvlis Tqvens cxovrebas. 

4. imitom rom blogis saSualebiT daukavSirdebiT gare samyaros. 

blogi saSualebas aZlevs moswavles gaxdes `maswavlebeli~ – anu warudginos sakuTari masalebi auditorias. 

blogis gamoyeneba 

blogi aris sivrce, sadac moswavleebs da maswavleblebs aqvT SesaZlebloba iswavlon erTmaneTisagan. 

ra aris blogi? 

ratom aris blogi aseTi mniSvnelovani swavla/swavlebaSi? 

• blogebis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia virtualuri Temebis Seqmna, sadac Temis wevrebi erToblivad 

msjeloben, uziareben erTmaneTs codnas, marTaven diskusiebs maTTvis saintereso sakiTxebis irgvliv, 

• blogi exmareba moswavles codna aRiqvas mTlianobaSi, rogorc urTierTdakavSirebuli da ara izolirebuli 

faqtebi. 

• blogi aZlierebs sakuTrebis grZnobas da zrdis arCevans. 

• blogi aZlevs moswavles saSualebas miawvdinos sakuTari xma sakmaod did auditorias. es zrdis pasuxismgeblobas 

da aviTarebs sakuTar swavlaze dakvirvebis unars. 

• blogi zrdis moswavlis motivacias da pasuxismgeblobas. roca moswavlem icis, rom mis namuSevars 

ecnoba farTo auditoria is meti pasuxismgeblobiT ekideba swavlas. 

proeqti 

Gearn-onlain proeqti “wyali sicocxlea” 

http://gearn.blogspot.com/2008/09/gearn.html 

am proeqtSi 

http://ekologiaia.blogspot.com/ 

CarTulia saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis skolebi, maswavleblebi, moswavleebi. 

http://imeretnature.blogspot.com/ 

http://lazuriti.wordpress.com/ 

http://yvirila.blogspot.com/ 

http://mtkvrisproblema.blogspot.com/ 

http://www.shavizgva-nini-nino.blogspot.com/ 

http://madneuli.blogspot.com/ 

33

7. gakveTilis scenarebi 

Sesavali 

1. bunebismetyvelebis sagani, fizikuri sidideebi 

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos bunebaSi mimdinare movlenebze dakvirvebisas awarmoos 

sxvadasxva gazomviTi saqmianobebi, aRricxos monacemebi da drois, sigrZis da masis sazomi erTeulebi 

warmoadginos `SI~ sistemiT. 

standartTan Sesabamisoba: bun.VII.2 

aqtivoba1 – `buneba da bunebismetyveleba~ /5 wT/ 

maswavlebeli interaqtiuri leqciisas TanmimdevrobiT ganixilavs ra aris: 

• buneba; 

• Bbunebismetyveleba; 

• sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebi: Ffizika, qimia, biologia; 

• Ffizikuri sxeuli; 

• nivTiereba; 

• cocxali organizmi 

Aaqtivoba 2 – `bunebismetyvelebi ikvleven~ /10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleTa cnobismoyvareobis gazrdis mizniT SekiTxvebiT mimarTavs moswavleebs: 

• ratom orTqldeba an iyineba wyali? 

• TxilamuriT ratom mivsrialebT Tovlze da ver vsrialebT mSral miwaze? 

• ra iciT nivTierebebis agebulebaze, maT urTierTqmedebebze, gardaqmnebze? 

• sad qreba wyalSi Cayrili Saqari? 

• ratom iwvis sanTeli? 

• bolos da bolos, ra kavSiri aqvs yvelafer amasTan sicocxles, riTia is unikaluri, rogor warmoiSva 

da viTardeba? 

moswavleTa SesaZlo pasuxebis Semdeg maswavlebeli azustebs sakiTxebs da akeTebs mimarTebebs am kiTxvebsa 

da wina aqtivobisas ganxilul sakiTxebs Soris da akeTebs daskvnas. 

Sejameba – 1. imisaTvis, rom am da mraval sxva kiTxvas upasuxos, adamiani akvirdeba bunebas; 2. amisaTvis 

gvaqvs SegrZnebis organoebi, romelTa saSualebiT SegviZlia davinaxoT da a. S., magram saWiroa sizuste; 

3. amitom bunebismetyvels sWirdeba sazomi xelsawyoebi da sidideebi. 

Aaqtivoba 3 – situaciuri amocana `sWirdeba Tu ara mkvlevars zusti monacemebi?~ /15 wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs situacias: 

`warmoidgine, rom gazome fanjris CarCos simaRle Seni xelis mtkaveliT da naxe rom mtkaveli CarCos 

simaRleSi oTxjer Caetia. Semdeg dareke saxelosnoSi da sTxove, rom dagimzadon aseTi sigrZis magida. 

xelosanma sigrZe Tavisi mtkaveliT gadazoma~. 

Dmaswavlebeli SekiTxvebiT mimarTavs moswavleebs: 

– rogor fiqrob, misi damzadebuli magida iseTi iqneba, rogoric SeukveTe? 

– xom ar jobda xelosnisTvis geTqva, rom magidis sigrZe unda iyos 100 santimetri? 

moswavleebi pasuxoben argumentirebulad. 

Aaqtivoba 4 – `SI sistema yvela enaze laparakobs” 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs: – rogorc xedavT gazomvis sizuste damokidebulia imaze, rom sazom erTeulebSi 

gamovsaxoT monacemebi. amitom acnobs: 

– ra aris egreTwodebul `SI sistema~. 

fizikur sidideTa da erTeulTa saerTaSoriso sistema (egreTwodebuli `SI sistema~). mis mixedviT 

ganisazRvreba ZiriTadi fizikuri sidideebi: dro, sigrZe da masa. 

– ratom aris saerTaSoriso ? 

sistema saerTaSorisoa – adamianebi SeTanxmdnen rom yvelgan erTnairi, yvelasaTvis saerTo sazomi 

erTeulebi da maTi Sesabamisi sazomi xelsawyoebi gamoiyenon. xelsawyoebiT sididis gasazomad Seiqmna 

ètalonebi~. magaliTad, sigrZis etalonia gansakuTrebuli liTonebis – platinis da iridiumisgan damza- 

34

debul Zelze moniSnuli 1 metri sigrZis manZili, es Zeli inaxeba safrangeTSi, qalaq sevrSi, zomis da wonis 

saerTaSoriso palataSi. am etalonis mixedviT mzaddeba saxazavebi. aqedan gamomdinare, raimes sigrZis 

gazomva niSnavs etalonTan Sedarebas. igive iTqmis sxva fizikuri sidideebis Sesaxebac. 

maswavlebeli moswavleTa codnis gaTvaliswinebiT /moswavleebs mieces codnis gamomJRavnebis saSualeba/akeTebs 

drois, sigrZis da masis sazomi erTeulebis cxrils mswavleTa daxmarebiT aanalizebs: 

dro sigrZe masa 

1 wuTi (wT) 60 wami (wm) 100 kilometri 1000 metri 1 tona (t) 1000 kg. 

(km) 

(m) 

1 saaTi (sT) 60 wT, 3600 wm. 1 decimetri (dm) 0.1 m 1 centneri (c) 100 kg. 

1 dRe-Rame 24 sT 1 santimetri (sm) 0.01 m 1 grami 0.001 kg. 

1 weliwadi 365 dRe-Rame (nakian 

weliwadSi 366 dRe-Ramea) 

1 milimetri (mm) 0.001 m 1 miligrami (mg) 0.0001 kg. 

1 saukune 100 weliwadi 

akeTebs prezentacias 

aqtivoba5 – moswavleTa Sefaseba /5 wT/ 

gakveTilis saswavlo miznidan da aqtivobebidan gamomdinare maswavlebels SeuZlia Seafasos moswavle 

Semdegi kriteriumebiT: 

Sefasebis kriteriumebi: 

1. moswavle ganmartavs sabunebismetyvelo sagnebs. 

2. moswavle fizikur sidideebs – dro, masa, sigrZe. erTeulebs warmoadgens erTeulTa saerTaSoriso 

sistemis Sesabamisad. 

3. moswavle konkretuli magaliTebis ganxilvisas axerxebs gakeTvilze naswavli cnebebis da sakiTxebis 

transfers. A 

Sefasebis rubrika 


moswavle ganmartavs moswavle arasworad moswavle arasrulad / moswavle ZiriTadad srulyofilad 

sabunebismetyvelo ganmartavs sabunebi- mag. asaxelebs mxolod ganmartavs sabunebi- 

sagnebs 

smetyvelomecniere- kvlevis sagans/ ganmartavs smetyvelo sagnebs 

bebs 

sabunebismetyvelo sagnebs 

moswavle fizikur moswavle fizi- moswavle fizikur 

moswavle fizikur srulyofilad 

sidideebs - dro, kuri sidideebis sidideebis warmoadgenas sidideebis ZiriTa- 

masa, sigrZe.. erTeu- - dro, masa, sigrZe.. erTeulTa saerTaSordad warmoadgens 

lebs warmoadgens erTeulebis wariso sistemis Sesabamisad erTeulTa saerTaerTeulTa 

saerTa- moadgenas erTeulTa axerxebs xarvezebiT Soriso sistemis Ses- 

Soriso sistemis Ses- saerTaSoriso sisteabamisadabamisadmis 

Sesabamisad ver 

axerxebs 

moswavles ganmar- moswavle ver ganmar- moswavle xarvezebiT moswavle ZiriTadad srulyofilad 

tavs da moyavs skalatavs da ver moyavs ganmartavs da cdilobs ganmartavs da moyavs 

rebis da veqtorebis skalarebis da veq- moiyvanos skalarebis da skalarebis da veq- 

magaliTebi 

torebis magaliTebi veqtorebis magaliTebi torebis magaliTebi 

moswavle konkre- moswavle konkre- moswavle konkretuli moswavle konkretu- srulyofilad 

tuli magaliTebis tuli magaliTebis magaliTebis ganxilvisas li magaliTebis ganx- 

ganxilvisas axerxebs ganxilvisas ver xarvezebiT axerxebs gakeTilvisas ZiriTadad 

gakeTvilze nas- axerxebs gakeTvilze vilze naswavli cnebebis axerxebs gakeTvilze 

wavli cnebebis da naswavli cnebebis da da sakiTxebis transfers naswavli cnebebis da 

sakiTxebis trans- sakiTxebis trans- 

sakiTxebis transfersfersfers 

35

2. skalarebi da veqtorebi 

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos awarmoos sxvadasxva gazomviTi saqmianobebi, aRricxos 

monacemebi erTeulebi warmoadginos `SI~ sistemiT. Gganmartos skalarebi veqtorebi da moiyvanos magaliTebi. 


aqtivoba1 – saSinao davalebis prezentacia /10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaakeTon saSinao davalebis prezentacia. 

prezentatori moswavle akeTebs davalebis prezentacias kerZod: 

1. warmoadgens saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul teqsts argumentirebuli TxrobiT. 

2. akeTebs teqstSi mocemuli sakiTxebis gasaazreblad gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebis1, 

2, 3 prezentacias. 

Aaqtivoba 2 – skalarebi da veqtorebi /10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli: bunebis Seswavlis dros gamoyenebuli fizikuri sidideebi iyofa or jgufad: 

1. veqtori 

2. skalari 

Zalas aqvs mimarTuleba da sidide, amitom is veqtoruli sididea. 

dros, masas, sigrZes ara aqvs mimarTuleba is skalaruli sididea. 

maswavlebeli – moswavleebs konkretuli magaliTebis saxiT acnobs skalarebs da veqtorebs 

– magaliTad, Tu gadawyvet wignis gadaadgilebas, mogiwevs Zalis gamoyeneba. amitom mxedvelobaSi unda 

miiRo gamoyenebuli Zalis sidide da mimarTuleba. 

– Zalis mimarTulebis aRsaniSnavad viyenebT isars. magaliTad, Tu wigns gadaaadgileb marcxnidan 

majvniv, isari Tavisi wveriT miuTiTebs am mimarTulebas. 

– Zalis sidides gamovsaxavT isris sigrZiT. am dros saWiroa maStabis dacva. magaliTad, Tu 1 sm. sigrZis 

isari Seesabameba Zalis 1 erTeuls, maSin 3 erTeulis sididis Zala gamoisaxeba 3 sm. sigrZis isriT. 

– dros, masas da sigrZes aqvs sidide, magram ar aqvs mimarTuleba – es skalaruli sidideebi, an ubralod 

skalarebia. 

– isrebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia sxva mizniTac. magaliTad, rodesac gsurs uCveno erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli 

movlenebis Tanmimdevroba: 

zRvis wylis 

aorTqleba 

Rrublis 

uu warmoqmna uu 

– isari gamoiyeneba agreTve, rodesac gamosaxaven raRac nivTierebebisagan axali nivTierebis warmoqmnas. 

magaliTad nivTierebebi wyalbadi da Jangbadi SeerTebisas warmoqmnis nivTiereba wyals. es ase 

gamoisaxeba: 

Jangbadi + wyalbadi � wyali 

aqtivoba 3 – moswavleTa Sefaseba /5wT/ 



Sefasebis kriteriumi: 

1. moswavles ganmartavs da moyavs skalarebis da veqtorebis magaliTebi. 

Aaqtivoba 4 – saSinao davaleba – gakveTilze miRebuli codnis da unar-Cvevis transferi – 5 wT 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs avalebs TanmimdevrobT ganixilon gakveTilis bolos mocemuli 6 savarjiSo, 

raTa SeZlon gakveTilze miRebuli codnis transferi. 

36 

wvima

3. bunebismetyvelebis laboratoriaSi arsebuli zogierTi xelsawyo da 

muSaobis wesi 

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos dakvirvebisaas awarmoos sxvadasxva gazomviTi saqmianobebi, 

aRricxos monacemebi daicvas xlsawyoebis gamoyenebis da usafrTxoebis wesebi. 


aqtivoba1– saSinao davalebis prezentacia /10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaakeTon saSinao davalebis prezentacia 


1. warmoadgens saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul teqsts argumentirebuli TxrobiT. 


2, 3... prezentacias. 

aqtivoba 2 – `xelsawyoebi sxvadasxva sidideebis gasazomad~ /5 wT/ 

maswavlebeli svams maprovocirebel kiTxvebs: 

– romeli xelsawyo gamoiyeneba sigrZis gasazomad? 

– romeli xelsawyo gamoiyeneba masis gasazomad? 

– romeli xelsawyo gamoiyeneba temperaturis gasazomad? 

maswavlebeli moswavleTa pasuxebis dasafiqsireblad dafaze adgens kognitur sqemas: 

saxazavi 

saaTi 

saswori 

Termometri 

menzura 

Ddinamometri 

... 

xelsawyoebi sidideebi 

37 

sigrZe 

dro 

masa 

temperatura 

moculoba 

Zala 

... 

Aaqtivoba A3 – mikroskopis aRwera /10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli akeTebs mikroskopis prezentacias - mikroskopis obieqtivSi Camagrebulia sxvadasxva 

gadidebis unaris mqone linzebi. linzis gadidebis unari obieqtivzea aRniSnuli. mag., x 250 niSnavs, rom 

linza 250-jer adidebs gamosaxulebas. sakvlev nimuSs gaanaTeben naTuriT an mzis sxiviT, romelsac sarke 

aireklavs da aTvaliereben okularis saSualebiT. okulars obieqtivTan aerTebs tubusi. tubusi da sasagne 

dafa SeiZleba amoZravon xraxnebiT saukeTeso gamosaxulebis misaRebad. dakvirvebisaTvis SesaZlebelia 

sxvadasxva masalis gamoyeneba (sur. 2), magaliTad, guburidan aRebul wylis wveTs, wyalmcenares an foTlis 

anaTals (1) moaTavseben sasagne minis centrSi (2), zemodan daadeben safar minas (3). momzadebul nimuSs 

dadeben sasagne dafaze da aTvaliereben mikroskopiT. 

aqtivoba 4 – `gazomva da wesebi~ /15 wT/ 

rCeva-1 rodesac raimes zomav, monacemi aucileblad unda Caiwero - damaxsovrebuli dagaviwydeba. 

rCevis Sesabamisi qmedebis simulacia - vipovoT wignis moculoba. amisaTvis gazome wignis sigrZe, 

simaRle da sigane, TiToeuli gazmomvis monacemi Caiwere. V= abc… moculoba izomeba sm3, m3 da a.S. 

rCeva-2 anaTvalis aRebis dros sazom xelsawyos unda Sexedo pirdapir (ara iribad). 

rCevis Sesabamisi qmedebis simulacia -gazome burTulas (kenWis) moculoba menzuris saSualebiT. Caasxi 

menzuraSi sanaxevrod wyali. menzuris danayofi giCvenebs wylis moculobas. danayofs Sexede pirdapir da 

monacemi Caiwere. Caagde burTula menzuraSi. wylis done aiwevs. kvlav gazome wylis moculoba. danayofs 

Sexede pirdapir da monacemi Caiwere. am or monacems Soris sxvaoba giCvenebs burTulas moculobas. es 

monacemic Caiwere. cda Caatare kidev 2-jer. yvelaferi ise gaimeore, rogorc pirvel jerze. gansxvaveba 

mxolod is iqneba, rom meore da mesame jerze menzuris danayofs Sexedav ara pirdapir, aramed iribad: me-2 

jerze qvevidan zeviT (menzura xeliT aswie ise, rom danayofs qvemodan Sexedo), me-3 jerze ki zevidan qveviT 

(menzura xeliT daswie ise, rom danayofs zemodan Sexedo). rodesac iangariSeb burTulis moculobas 

me-2 da me-3 cdaSi.

maswavlebeli rCeva-2 refleqsiis mizniT 3 kiTxviT mimarTavs moswavleebs: 

1. ra SemTxvevaSi iyo burTulis moculobis maCvenebeli yvelaze dabali, yvelaze maRali? 

2. sinamdvileSi burTulis moculoba cdebSi ar icvleboda ratom miiRe gansxvavebuli Sedegi? 

3. Seni azriT, romeli cdis Sedegia sando? pasuxi ganmarte. 





1. moswavle ganmartavs romeli sididis gasazomad romeli xelsawyo gamoiyeneba 

2. moswavle msjelobs sxvadasxva sidideebis gazomvisas ra wesebis dacvaa saWiro 


transfers. 



moswavle ganmartavs 

romeli sididis gasazomad 

romeli xelsawyo 

gamoiyeneba 

moswavle msjelobs 

sxvadasxva sidideebis 

gazomvisas ra wesebis 

dacvaa saWiro 

moswavle konkretuli 

magaliTebis ganxilvisas 

axerxebs gakeTvilze 

naswavli cnebebis da 

sakiTxebis transfers 

moswavle arasworad 

ganmartavs romeli 

sididis gasazomad 


gamoiyeneba 


msjelobs gazomvisas 

ra wesebis dacvaa 

saWiro 



ver axerxebs 

gakeTvilze naswavli 

cnebebis da sakiTxebis 

transfers 

moswavle arasrulad 




gamoiyeneba 

moswavle arasrulyofilad 

saubrobs 

gazomvis wesebze 



xarvezebiT 




4.usafrTxoebis dacva 

38 

moswavle ZiriTadad 




gamoiyeneba 


msjelobs gazomvis 

wesebze 



ZiriTadad 




srulyofilad 

srulyofilad 

srulyofilad 

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos Sesabamisi masalis, aRWurvilobis da masalebis gamoyenebiT 

Caataros dagegmili cdebis usafrTxoebis wesebze imsjelos 





1. warmoadgens saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli teqstis argumentirebuli TxrobiT. 


2, 3... prezentacias

aqtivoba 2 – ùsafrTxoebis dacva“ /30 wT/ 

maswavlebeli usafrTxoebis sakiTxs ganixilavs 4 mimarTulebiT; klass yofs 4 jgufad, TiToeul jg 

ufs aZlevs erT sakiTxs da saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul masalaze da maT pirad gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT 

amzadeben saprezentacio plakatebs da akeTeben prezentacias: 

1 2 3 4 

Cacmuloba da aqsesuarebi gamafrTxilebeli niSnebi qimiuri nivTierebebis gan- 

Tavsebis wesebi 

2. gamafrTxilebeli niSnebi 

mJangavi 

advilad 

aalebadi 

xels uwyobs 

wvasa da Jangvas 

advilad 

ekideba cecxli 

advilad 

feTqdeba 

feTqebadsaSiSi 

toqsikuri 

iwvevs 

mowamvlas 

39 

radiaqtiuri 

mJava, tute 

iwvevs 

daavadebebs 

iwvevs 

damwvrobas 

laboratoriaSi muSaobis 

usafrTxoebis wesebi 

3. qimiuri nivTierebebis ganTavsebis wesebi 

nu Seinaxav nivTierebebs anbanuri TanmimdevrobiT: 

– msgavsi Tvisebebis mqone nivTierebebi erTad unda ganTavsdes; 

– aalebadi nivTierebebi specialur saTavsoSi unda inaxebodes; 

– siTxeebi specialur, aramsxvrevad konteinerebSi unda inaxebodes; 

– TiToeul nivTierebas unda hqondes etiketi dasaxelebisa da Senaxvis vadis miTiTebiT; 

– advilad aalebadi da feTqebadi nivTierebebi siTbos wyarodan moSorebiT unda moTavsdes; 

– momwamvleli nivTierebebi calke, specialur seifSi unda inaxebodes. 

4. laboratoriaSi muSaobis usafrTxoebis wesebi 

1) ar SeiZleba nivTierebis xeliT aReba da gemos gasinjva; Tu es aucilebelia, saxelmZRvanelos Sesabamis 

instruqciaSi miTiTebulia iqneba da maswavlebelic dagrTavs nebas. spirtqura, mWreli sagnebi (mag. 

lancetTan) gamoiyene maswavleblis daxmarebiT. laboratoriaSi muSaoba da cdebis Catareba 

2) nivTiereba ar unda daynoso, radgan SeiZleba sasunTqi organoebi dagiziandes. nivTierebis sunis 

gasagebad, sakmarisia WurWlis zedapiridan haeris nakadi xelis moZraobiT cxvirisken mimarTo 

3) Tu nivTiereba SemTxveviT xelze an tansacmelze mogxvda, Camoibane dauyovnebliv didi raodenobis 

wyliT; 

4) qimiuri reaqcia sufTa WurWelSi unda Caataro da nivTierebebi im raodneobiT unda aiRo, rogorc 

es samuSaos aRweraSi iqneba miTiTebuli; 

5) cdis damTavrebis Semdeg darCenili nivTiereba WurWelSi ar Caabruno da sakanalizacio niJaraSi ar 

Caasxa (moagrove specialur WurWelSi); 

6) cdebi, romelTa dros mavne airebi an mZafrsuniani nivTierebebi gamoiyofa, acileblad amwov karadaSi 

unda Catardes; 

7) dauSvebelia spirtquris anTeba meore spirtquris alze. spirtquris ali mxolod spirtquris saxuravis 

– Talfaqis saSualebiT unda Caaqro; 

8) samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg gamoyenebuli WurWeli garecxe da samuSao adgili moawesrige. 





1. moswavlem SeZlo dagegmili cdebis Sesabamisi masalis, aRWurvilobis SerCeva. 

2. moswavlem SeZlo cdis usafrTxod Catarebaze msjeloba. 

Aaqtivoba 5 – saSinao davaleba – gakveTilze miRebuli codnis da unar-Cvevis transferi -5wT 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs avalebs TanmimdevrobT ganixilon gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSo 

ebi raTa SeZlon gakveTilze miRebuli codnis transferi.

5. rogor xdeba bunebrivi movlenebis Seswavla 

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos kvlevis miznis Camoyalibeba da kvlevis miznis sesabamisad 

mosazrebebis gamoTqma, aqtivobis dagegmva, saTanado xelsawyoebis SerCeva, monacemTa Segrovebis 

gzis arCeva, mudmivi da cvladi parametrebis garCeva, saTanado aRricxvis formebis SerCeva /wakiTxva/ 

analizi; SeZlos daskvnis gamotana 

standartTan Sesabamisoba: bun.VII.1bun.VII.4. 

G 

aqtivoba 1 – saSinao davalebis prezentacia /5 wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaakeTon saSinao davalebis prezentacia 




2, 3. .. prezentacias 

Aaqtivoba 2 – kvlevis etapebis siuJeturi gacnoba /10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs mimarTavs : 

– gaixseneT da CamoTvaleT me-6 klasSi Tqven mier Catarebuli kvlevebi. moswavleebi ixseneben.. maswavlebeli 

moswavleebs uambobs maTi Tanatolis mier Catarebul kvlevaze mag; 

me-7 kl. moswavle akvirdeba romelime qoTnis mcenares da uCndeba kiTxva: aqvs Tu ara mniSvneloba wyals 

mcenaris foTlebis ganviTarebisaTvis? moswavle moifiqrebs rogor gaarkvios sakiTxi. is Camoayalibebs 

kvlevis mizans (ra unda ikvlios, ra kiTxvas gasces pasuxi), SeimuSavebs kvlevis meTods: vTqvaT daakvirdeba 

ramden foTols ganiviTarebs erTi da igive qoTnis mcenare, rodesac erT qoTanSi mzard mcenares yovel 

dRe dausxams 50 g. wyals, da meores 100 g. wyals; gadawyvets ra mcenares daakvirdeba, rogor da ra drois 

ganmavlobaSi daTvlis foTlebis raodenoba. amis Semdeg moswavle Caatarebs cdas da aiRebs monacemebs: 

daTvlis erT da meore qoTanSi mzardi mcenaris foTlebis raodenobas. Semdeg aanalizebs monacemebs da 

gamoaqvs dakvna. 

maswavlebeli gamoyofs kvlevis etapebs 

kvlevis etapebia: 

• miznis gansazRvra 

• kvlevis meTodis SemuSaveba 

• cdis Catareba, monacemebis aReba 

• monacemebis analizi 

• daskvna 

A 

zemoT moyvanili siuJetis gamoyenebiT moswavleebi anxorcieleben kvlevis etapebis siuJetis monakveTebTan 

dakavSirebas 

Aaqtivoba 3 – damokidebuli da damoukidebeli cvladebi /10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs isev siuJets axsenebs da aanalizebs _ am SemTxvevaSi saqme gaqvs damoukidebel 

da damokidebul cvladebTan. damoukidebeli cvladia mcenarisaTvis miwodebuli wylis raodenoba. 

is icleba, erT SemTxvevaSi 50 g-ia, meoreSi – 100 g. magram es cvlileba ar aris damokidebuli mcenaris 

foTlebis raodenobaze. damokidebuli cvladia foTlebis raodenoba, is icvleba da Tanac damokidebulia 

mcenarisaTvis miwodebuli wylis raodenobaze. 

maswavlebeli ajamebs masalas: 

D 

Ddamoukidebeli cvladi damokidebuli cvladi 

mcenarisaTvis miwodebuli wylis raodenoba foTlebis raodenoba 

Aaqtivoba 4 – modelis Seqmna /10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli: – gaixseneT da CamoTvaleT TqvenTvis nacnobi modelebi. moswavleebi ixseneben. 

40

maswavlebeli modelirebis aqtivobebs ajgufebs cxrilSi: 

tyis modeli 

sokos modeli 

saaTis modeli 

da a. S. 

struqturis modelireba procesis modelireba 

41 

wvimis procesis modelireba; 

niadagis gamoSrobis modelireba; 

da a. S. 

D 

da aRniSnavs: 

bunebrivi movlenis modlis Seqmna (modelireba) saWiroa movlenis TvalsaCinod warmodgenisaTvis. 

magaliTad, fizikosebi qmnian frinvelis frTis models, raTa warmoidginon rogor exmareba frTa frinvels 

frenaSi. 

biologebi qmnian adamianis sxeulis modelebs, raTa naTlad dainaxon rogor arian isini ganlagebuli 

da erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli sxeulSi. mecnierTa codna da warmodgena bunebrivi movlenebis Sesaxeb 

viTardeba da Sesabamisad icvleba maT mier Seqmnili modelebic 





1. moswavlem kvlevis mizani Camoyaliba. 

2. kvlevis miznis Sesabamisad mosazrebebi gamoTqva, aqtivobi dagegma, saTanado xelsawyoebi SearCia. 

3. monacemTa Segrovebis gza airCia, mudmivi da cvladi parametrebis gaarCia, saTanado aRricxvis 

formebi SearCia. 

4. gaakeTa analizi SeZlo daskvnis gamotana. 


moswavlem Camoay- moswavlem xarvezebiT moswavlem arasrulad moswavlem Camoay- srulyofilad 

aliba kvlevis mizani; Camoayaliba kvlevis Camoayaliba kvlevis aliba kvlevis mizani; 

gamoTqva mosazre- mizani; arasworad mizani; xarvezebiT gamoTqva mosazrebebi, 

dagegma aqtivo- gamoTqva mosazrebebi, gamoTqva mosazrebebi, bebi, xarvezebiT 

bebi, SearCia xelsawy- ver dagegma aqtivobebi, xarvezebiT dagegma dagegma aqtivobebi, 

oebi 

ver SearCia xelsawyoebi aqtivobebi,arasrulad 

SearCia xelsawyoebi 

SearCia xelsawyoebi 

monacemTa Seg- monacemTa Segrovebis monacemTa Segrovebis monacemTa Seg- srulyofilad 

rovebis swori gza gza SecdomiT airCia, gza airCia, mudmivi da rovebis gza sworad 

airCia, mudmivi da mudmivi da cvladi cvladi parametrebi airCia, mudmivi da 

cvladi parametrebi parametrebi ver gaar- naTlad ver gaarCia, cvladi parametrebi 

gaarCia, saTanado Cia, saTanado aRricxvis saTanado aRricx- gaarCia, saTanado 

aRricxvis formebi formebi ver SearCia vis formebi SearCia aRricxvis formebi 

SearCia /waikiTxa/ magram waikiTxa sxvisi waikiTxa sxvisi Sevse- SearCia 

Sevsebuli formebi buli formebi 

gaakeTa 

gaakeTa analizi;SeZlo gaakeTa analizi;SeZlo gaakeTa 

srulyofilad 

analizi;SeZlo daskv- daskvnis gamotana daskvnis gamotana analizi;SeZlo 

nis gamotana 

daskvnis gamotana 

moswavle konkre- moswavle konkretuli moswavle konkretuli moswavle konkretu- srulyofilad 

tuli magaliTebis magaliTebis ganxil- magaliTebis ganxilvili magaliTebis ganx- 

ganxilvisas axerxebs visas ver axerxebs sas xarvezebiT axerxebs ilvisas ZiriTadad 

gakeTvilze nas- gakeTvilze naswavli gakeTvilze naswavli axerxebs gakeTvilze 

wavli cnebebis da cnebebis da sakiTxebis cnebebis da sakiTxebis naswavli cnebebis da 

sakiTxebis trans- transfers 

transfers 

sakiTxebis transfersfers 

Aaqtivoba 5 – saSinao davaleba – gakveTilze miRebuli codnis da unar-Cvevis transferi /5wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs avalebs TanmimdevrobT ganixilon gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSo 

ebi raTa SeZlon gakveTilze miRebuli codnis transferi.

6. monacemebis gamosaxva cxrilis da diagramis saxiT 

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos kvlevis miznis Camoyalibeba da kvlevis miznis sesabamisad 

mosazrebebis gamoTqma, aqtivobis dagegmva, saTanado xelsawyoebis SerCeva, monacemTa Segrovebis 

gzis arCeva, mudmivi da cvladi parametrebis garCeva, saTanado aRricxvis formebis SerCeva /wakiTxva/ 

analizi; SeZlos daskvnis gamotana 

standartTan Sesabamisoba: bun.VII.1bun.VII.4. 






2, 3... prezentacias 

Aaqtivoba 2 – situaciuri amocana /30 wT/ 

maswavlebeli ramdenime situaciur amocanas ganixilavs: 

situaciuri amocana-1 

rodesac kvlevas Caatareb da monacemebs miiReb, isini SesaZlebelia gamosaxo diagramis an cxrilis 

saxiT. cxrili martivia Tu mxolod erT cvladTan gaqvs saqme. magaliTad ikvlev zRvis wylis Sedgenilobas 

da gsurs monacemi warmoadgino cxrilis saxiT. am SemTxvevaSi cxrili aseTi saxis iqneba: 

zRvis wylis Sedgeniloba 

wyali marili sxva myari nivTierebebi 


rodesac saqme damokidebul da damoukidebel cvladTan gaqvs, magaliTad, ukve aRweril, mcenareze 

dakvirvebis SemTxvevaSi cxrili SesaZlebelia aseTi iyos: 

mcenarisaTvis miwodebuli wylis raodenoba foTlebis raodenoba yvavilobis dawyebisaTvis 

100 grami 10 

50 grami 4 


monacemebi SegiZlia gamosaxo diagramis saxiT. magaliTad, Cayare 1 l wyalSi 1 g marili da aRricxav 

wyalSi marilis gaxsnis dros. cdas akeTeb 2 variantSi: rodesac wyals kovziT mourev da 2. rodesac ar 

mourev. vertikalur RerZze daitan damokidebul cvlads – marilis wyalSi gaxsnis dros (mag. wm-Si), xolo 

horizontalur RerZze aRniSnav damoukidebel cvladebs: 1. wylis moreva 2. morevis gareSe 

14 

12 

10 

8 

6 

4 

2 

0 

1 

2 

42


diagrama metad moxerxebulia rodesac akvirdebi movlenebs raRac periodis ganmavlobaSi. magaliTad 

akvirdebi rogor izrdeba lobios aRmonaceni garkveul periodSi, magaliTad pirveli foTlis gaSlidan 

3 dRis ganmavlobaSi. pirveli foTlis gaSlis dRidan yoveldRiurad zomav aRmonacenis sigrZes niadagis 

zedapiridan aRmonacenis kenweromde 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi. vertikalur RerZze daitan aRmonacenis sigrZis 

maCveneblebs (mm.-Si) yoveli gazomvis dros, xolo horizontalur RerZze – dakvirvebis dReebs. moZebni 

vertikalur da horizontalur RerZebze aRebuli monacemebis gadakveTis wertilebs da SeaerTeb maT 

xaziT. miiReb mruds: 

25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

0 

1 2 3 

mrudi giCvenebs rom: pirvel dRes aRmonacenis sigrZe iyo 22 mm., meore dRes 25 mm., mesame dRes 28 mm. 





1. monacemTa Segrovebis gza airCia, mudmivi da cvladi parametrebi gaarCia, saTanado aRricxvis 

formebis SearCia. 

2. moswavlem konkretuli magaliTebis ganxilvisas moaxerxa gakeTvilze naswavli cnebebis da sakiTxebis 

transferi. 

3. gaakeTa analizi SeZlo daskvnis gamotana. 


monacemTa 

monacemTa Segrovebis monacemTa Segrovebis monacemTa 

srulyofilad 

Segrovebis swori gza gza SecdomiT airCia, gza airCia, mudmivi da Segrovebis gza 

airCia, mudmivi da mudmivi da cvladi cvladi parametrebi sworad airCia, 

cvladi parametrebi parametrebi ver gaarCia, naTlad ver gaarCia, mudmivi da cvladi 

gaarCia, saTanado saTanado aRricxvis saTanado aRricxvis parametrebi gaarCia, 

aRricxvis formebi formebi ver SearCia formebi SearCia saTanado aRricxvis 

SearCia /waikiTxa/ magram waikiTxa sxvisi waikiTxa sxvisi formebi SearCia 

Sevsebuli formebi Sevsebuli formebi 

moswavle 

moswavle konkretuli moswavle konkretuli moswavle 

srulyofilad 

konkretuli 

magaliTebis ganxilvisas magaliTebis 

konkretuli 

magaliTebis 

ver axerxebs gakeTvilze ganxilvisas 

magaliTebis 

ganxilvisas 

naswavli cnebebis da xarvezebiT axerxebs ganxilvisas 

axerxebs gakeTvilze sakiTxebis transfers gakeTvilze 

ZiriTadad axerxebs 

naswavli cnebebis 

naswavli cnebebis da gakeTvilze 

da sakiTxebis 

sakiTxebis transfers naswavli cnebebis 

transfers 

da sakiTxebis 

transfers 

gaakeTa 

ver gaakeTa analizi; xarvezebiT gaakeTa gaakeTa analizi; srulyofilad 

analizi;SeZlo SeZlo daskvnis gamotana analizi; SeZlo SeZlo daskvnis 

daskvnis gamotana 

daskvnis gamotana gamotana 

43

scenarebi fizikaSi 

8. nivTiereba Sedgeba atomebisa da molekulebisagan 

1. gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavles SeuZlia imsjelos nivTierebis atomur-molekulur agebulebaze; 

ganixilos magaliTebi, romelic molekulebis da atomebis mcire zomebze miuTiTebs, aRweros 

sxvadasxva nivTierebis modelebi; ganuviTardes saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi. 


aqtivoba1– nivTierebis atomur-molekulur agebuleba /10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs CamoTvalon Tvisebebi, romelic maT garSemo arsebul sxeulebs 

axasiaTebT. 

moswavleebi iwyeben CamoTvlas: rbili, tkbili, magari, uformo, gamWirvale, mJave ... da a.S. 

maswavlebeli svams damazustebel kiTxvas – riT aris es gansxvavebebi gamowveuli? ratomaa Saqari 

tkbili… marili mlaSe? 

maswavlebeli iwyebs kognituri sqemis Sesabamis msjelobas: 

– risgan Sedgeba sxeuli? 

moswavleebs axsenebs, rom yvela sxeuli nivTierebisgan aris Seqmnili. 

mini leqcia – nebismieri, cocxali Tu aracocxali sxeuli Sedgeba erTi an ramdenime nivTierebisagan. 

magaliTad, kovzi, SeiZleba damzadebuli iyos mxolod erTi nivTierebisgan (vercxlisgan, oqrosgan da 

a.S.), xolo naTuris dasamzadeblad gamoyenebulia ramdenime nivTiereba (mag., mina da rkina). Seni sxeulis 

Semadgeneli nivTierebebia magaliTad, wyali, marili, cilebi da sxva. yvela nivTierebas aqvs mkacrad 

gansazRvruli, mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi, magaliTad feri, suni, gemo da a.S. 

risgan Sedgeba TviTon nivTiereba? 

mini leqcia – mecnierebma Unawilakebs, romlebisaganac nivTiereba aris agebuli, molekula uwodes. 

`molekula~ laTinurad niSnavs `mcire masas~. magaliTad, Saqari Sedgeba Saqris molekulebisagan, wyali 

– wylis molekulebisagan. molekulis zoma Zalian mcirea. Seecade warmoidgino molekulis zoma. 

aqtivoba 2 – Sedarebebi/10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli ganixilavs magaliTebs, romelic molekulebis da atomebis mcire zomebze miuTiTebs 

mag. 1sm 3 moculobis myari nivTierebis yvela molekula rom gavamwkrivoT erT xazze, am monakveTis 

sigrZe iqneba daaxloebiT dedamiwidan mzemde manZilis toli. 

da ukukavSiris mizniT kiTxviT mimarTavs moswavleebs: 

– ratom ver vxedavT molekulebs SeuiaraRebeli TvaliT? 

– ra mniSvneloba aqvs mikroskopis gamadideblobas molekulebis SeswavlisTvis? 

– ra mniSvneloba aqvs eleqtronuli mikroskopiT gadaRebuli fotoebis mixedviT mecnierebi , rom 

amzadebem molekulis modelebs? 

aqtivoba 3 – savarjiSo vizualur masalaze /10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli- nivTierebis molekulur agebulebas SeiZleba modelis saSualebiTac gavecnoT. suraTebze 

Cans, rom nivTiereba wyali Sedgeba sami atomisagan, xolo SaqarSi atomebis raodenoba gacilebiT metia. 

yvela nivTierebas aqvs misTvis damaxasiaTebeli atomebis raodenoba. modelidan Cans, rom atomebi erTmaneTTan 

dakavSirebulia. amitom atomebi garkveul manZilzea erTmaneTisgan ganlagebuli. nivTierebis 

Tvisebebi imazea damokidebuli Tu ra atomebisagan Sedgeba is da agreTve rogoria maTi raodenoba, maT 

Soris kavSiri da manZili. 

aqtivoba 4 – Sejameba /5 wT/ 

maswavlebeli ajamebs gakveTils. 

1. nivTiereba Sedgeba molekulebisagan. 

2. molekula ar aris nivTierebis yvelaze mcire nawilaki. 

3. molekulebi Tavis mxriv Sedgebian ufro mcire zomis nawilakebisagan. maT atomebs uwodeben da axdens 

moswavleTa provocirebas ... kerZod sTxovs moswavleebs interpretacia gaukeTon TiToeul debulebas. 

44

aqtivoba 5 – moswavleTa Sefaseba /5 wT/ 




1. moswavle msjelobs nivTierebis atomur-molekulur agebulebaze; 

2. ganixilavs magaliTebs, romelic molekulebis da atomebis mcire zomebze miuTiTebs, 

3. aRwers sxvadasxva nivTierebis modelebs. 




nivTierebis atomurmolekuluragebulebaze; 

ganixilavs magaliTebs, 

romelic 

molekulebis da 

atomebis mcire zomebze 

miuTiTebs 

aRwers sxvadasxva 

nivTierebis modelebs 


msjelobs niv- 

Tierebis atomurmolekuluragebulebaze 

ver moyavs magaliTebi, 

romelic 


atomebis mcire 

zomebze miuTiTebs, 

ver axerxebs 

sxvadasxva niv- 

Tierebis modelebis 

aRweras 

moswavle zogadad 

da xarvezebiT msjelobs 

nivTierebis 

atomur-molekulur 

agebulebaze 

xarvezebiT 


romelic 


atomebis mcire zomebze 

miuTiTebs, 

xarvezebiT aRwers 

sxvadasxva niv- 

Tierebis modelebs 

45 


nivTierebis 


agebulebaze 


romelic 

molekulebis 

da atomebis 

mcire zomebze 

miuTiTebs, 

aRwers sxvadasxva 

nivTierebis modelebs 

moswavle warmatebulad 

msjelobs nivTierebis 


agebulebaze; moyavs 

adekvaturi magaliTebi 

warmatebiT ganixilavs 

mravalferovan 

magaliTebs, romelic 

molekulebis da atomebis 

mcire zomebze 

miuTiTebs, 

warmatebiT aRwers 

sxvadasxva nivTierebis 

modelebs 

aqtivoba 6 – saSinao davaleba /5 wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs saSinao davalebas 

1. waikiTxon saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli teqsti da gaiazron Sinaarsi. 

2. teqstSi mocemuli sakiTxebis gasaazreblad Seasrulon gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebi1, 

2, 3. 

9. nivTierebis myari, Txevadi da airadi mdgomareoba 

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos ganasxvavos myari, Txevadi da airadi mdgomareobebi 

maTi Tvisebebisa (moculobisa da formis SenarCuneba) da atomur-molekuluri struqturis mixedviT, 

standartTTan Sesabamisoba: bun.VII.8 







aqtivoba 2 – kognituri savarjiSo /15 wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs axsenebs erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebul, nivTierebis agrebatul mdgomareobas 

/myari, Txevadi, airadi/ moyavs wylis magaliTi da sakiTxs kognituri sqemiT warmoadgens: 

faqti ra unda iyos amis mizezi? 

sxvadasxva agregatul mdgomareobaSi nivTierebas 

sxvadasxva fizikuri Tvisebebi aqvs 

maswavlebeli sakiTxis gasaazreblad iseTi fizikuri Tvisebebs ixilavs rogoricaa forma da moculoba 

da moswavleebis daxmarebiT interaqtiurad avsebs sqemas:

Txevadi myari airadi 

forma icvleba inarCunebs icvleba 

moculoba inarCunebs inarCunebs icvleba 

sxvadasxva fizikuri Tvisebebis mizezebis asaxsnelad maswavlebeli akeTebs sakiTxebis prezentacias: 

myari nivTiereba 

myari sxeulis Tvisebaa formisa da moculobis SenarCuneba. 

Znelia misi gaWimva-SekumSva, moRunva, gawyveta da a.S. myari sxeulis Semadgeneli molekulebi ise 

axlos imyofebian erTmaneTTan, rom maT Soris manZilebi daaxloebiT TviT molekulis zomis tolia. isini 

mkacrad gansazRvruli wesiT arian ganlagebulni da erTmaneTis mimarT garkveuli, Znelad Sesacvleli 

mdebareoba aqvT (sur.2.3.3). 

myar sxeulSi molekulebi miizidaven da amavdroulad ganizidaven erTmaneTs. Mizidvaganzidvis Zalebi 

Zalian Zlieria. Amitom molekulebi TiTqmis ar gadaadgildebian, mxolod irxevian. (sur.2.3.2.a). swored 

amitom inarCunebs nivTiereba myar agregatul mdgomareobaSi formas da moculobas. 

Txevadi nivTiereba 

siTxis Tvisebaa SeinarCunos moculoba, magram advilia misi formis Secvla: 

siTxe miiRebs im WurWlis formas, romelSic mas CavasxamT. magram, amave dros, siTxes moculobas ver 

SevucvliT. suraT 2.3.4 –ze naCvenebia Wiqa, romelSic wyali asxia. wyali aris bunebrivi warmoSobis Txevadi 

nivTiereba (siTxe) 

siTxis mTavari Tvisebaa is, rom is denadia. ra aris amis mizezi? siTxeSi, myar agregatul mdgomareobasTan 

SedarebiT, molekulebs Soris mizidva odnav 

mcirea. amitom molekulebi ufro swrafad irxevian da erTmaneTis mimarT ufro Tavisuflad gadaadgildebian, 

TiTqos erTmaneTze srialeben (sur.2.3.5). amitomaa siTxe denadi da is formas ver inarCunebs. 

siTxe ar ikumSeba da arc iWimeba. 

airadi nivTiereba 

airi ver inarCunebs verc formas, verc moculobas. 

is advilad farTovdeba da mTlianad ikavebs misTvis daTmobil adgils. amis mizezi aris is, rom airis 

molekulebs Soris didi Sualedebia da isini Zalian didi siCqariT moZraoben. maT Soris ar moqmedebs urTierT 

mizidvis Zala, amitom Sejaxebis Semdeg isini yvela mimarTulebiT uwesrigod ifantebian da avseben 

WurWels, romelSic airia moTavsebuli. amitom ar aqvs airs arc forma da arc moculoba. molekulebs 

Soris didi Sualedis gamo airis SekumSva Tavidan SedarebiT advilia, magram aqvs zRvari. molekulebis 

erTmaneTTan daaxloebis gamo gaZlierdeba ganzidvis Zala, romelic aRar mogvcems airis Semdgomi 

SekumSvis saSualebas. erTi nivTierebis sxvadasxva agregatul mdgomareobaSi Tvisebebis gansxvavebuloba 

molekulebis moZraobis, maT Soris manZilebis da urTierTqmedebis gansxvavebulobiT aixsneba. sur.2.3.6 

amis Semdeg maswavlebeli isev ubrundeba kognituri sqemis meore svets da sTxovs moswavleTa wyvilebs 

gauziaron erTmaneTs azrebi da daasrulon sqema 

moswavleTa wyvilebi akeTeben Sevsebuli sqemis prezentacias 

faqti ra unda iyos amis mizezi? 

sxvadasxva agregatul mdgomareobaSi niv- 

Tierebas sxvadasxva fizikuri Tvisebebi 

aqvs 

nivTierebis molekulebs Soris manZili, molekulebis moZraoba, 

molekulebs Soris mizidvis da ganzidvis Zalebi gansazRvravs niv- 

Tierebis agregatul mdgomareobas da nivTierebis fizikur Tvisebebs/forma, 

moculoba/ 

aqtivoba 3 – ra xdeba nivTierebis erTi agregatuli mdgomareobidan meoreSi gadasvlisas? /5wT/ 

maswavlebeli mimarTavs mTel klass: 

– gTxovT, daasruloT Cem mier dawyebuli msjeloba: 

erTi agregatuli mdgomareobidan meoreSi gadasvlisas icvleba nivTierebis Ffizikuri Tvisebebi imitom 

rom icvleba ... 

moswavleebi asruleben maswavleblis mier dawyebul frazas.. 

46

sasurveli pasuxi: 

erTi agregatuli mdgomareobidan meoreSi gadasvlisas icvleba nivTierebis Ffizikuri Tvisebebi imitom 

rom icvleba: 

1. nivTierebis Semadgenel molekulebs Soris manZilebi, 

2. molekulebis urTierT ganlageba. 

3. molekulebis moZraobis siCqare. 

aqtivoba 4 – Sejameba /5 wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad ajamebs gakveTils moswavlis saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli 5 postulatis 

mixedviT. 





1. moswavle CamoTvlis da aRwers nivTierebis agregatul mdgomareobas. 

2. mowavles SeuZlia myari Txevadi da airadi mdgomareobebi ganasxvaos maTi Tvisebebis (moculobisa 

da formis SenarCuneba) mixedviT. 

3. mowavles SeuZlia myari Txevadi da airadi mdgomareobebi ganasxvaos atomur-molekuluri struqturis 

mixedviT. 



moswavle aRwers 

nivTierebis sam agregatul 

mdgomareobas 

mowavles SeuZlia 

myari Txevadi da 

airadi mdgomareobebi 

ganasxvaos maTi 

Tvisebebis (moculobisa 

da formis Senar- 

Cuneba) mixedviT 

mowavles SeuZlia 



ganasxvaos 


struqturis 

mixedviT 


aRwers nivTierebis 

sam agregatul mdgomareobas 

mowavles ar SeuZlia 



ganasxvaos maTi 

Tvisebebis (moculobisa 

da formis Senar- 

Cuneba) mixedviT 

mowavles ar SeuZlia 



ganasxvaos 


struqturis 

mixedviT 

moswavle arasrulyofilad 

aRwers 

nivTierebis sam agregatul 

mdgomareobas 

mowavles xarvezebiT 

SeuZlia myari Txevadi 

da airadi mdgomareobebi 

ganasxvaos 

maTi Tvisebebis 

(moculobisa da 

formis SenarCuneba) 

mixedviT 

mowavles xarvezebiT 

SeuZlia myari 


mdgomareobebi 

ganasxvaos atomurmolekuluristruqturis 

mixedviT 

47 

moswavle aRwers niv- 

Tierebis agregatul 

sam mdgomareobas 

mowavles ZiriTadad 



ganasxvaos 




mixedviT 

mowavles ZiriTadad 



ganasxvaos 


struqturis 

mixedviT 

moswavle warmatebiT 

aRwers nivTierebis 

sam agregatul mdgomareobas 

mowavles warmatebiT 



ganasxvaos 




mixedviT 

mowavles warmatebiT 

SeuZlia myari 


mdgomareobebi 

ganasxvaos atomurmolekuluristruqturis 

mixedviT 

aqtivoba 6 – saSinao davaleba /5wT/ 





2, 3 prezentacias.

10. nivTierebis simkvrive simkvrivis praqtikuli mniSvneloba 

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos daakavSiros nivTierebis simkvrive mis praqtikul 

gamoyenebasTan; adekvaturad gamoiyenos Sesabamisi cnebebi da formulebi amocanebis amosaxsnelad. ganuviTardes 

saazrovno, komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi. 








aqtivoba 2 – ra aris simkvrive? /15wT/ 

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs CamoTvalon maTTvis cnobili fizikuri sidideebi 

moswavleebi iwyeben dasaxelebas. 

maswavlebeli am CamonaTvals amatebs „simkvrive“-s da aRniSnavs: 

nivTierebis simkvrives ganapirobebs nivTierebis molekulebs Soris manZili. nivTiereba miT ufro 

mkvrivia, rac ufro axlos arian ganlagebuli erTmaneTTan misi molekulebi. 

maswavlebeli isev kiTxviT mimarTavs moswavleebs: 

– ratom iZireba wyalSi spilenZis patara moneta, xolo muxis xis uzarmazari mori ar iZireba? 

sTxovs wyvilebSi ganixilon sakiTxi da ise upasuxon. moswavleTa pasuxebis Semdeg maswavlebeli ganmartavs: 

– mizezi is aris, rom: spilenZi wyalze ufro mkvrivia, xolo muxas wyalze naklebi simkvrive aqvs. zustad 

imave mizeziT ar iZireba wyalSi yinulis uzarmazari aisbergic. 

maswavlebeli isev kiTxviT mimarTavs moswavleebs: 

– SeiZleba Tu ara simkvrivis Secvla? 

da moswavleTa gamocdilebis gamoyenebaze dayrdnobiT ganmartavs: 

simkvrivis Secvla SesaZlebelia sxeulis molekulebs Soris Sualedebis SecvliT. 

magaliTad, Tu fumfula bambas rodinSi danayav is daitkepneba. am dros Semcirdeba bambis molekulebs 

Soris manZili da bamba ufro mkvrivi gaxdeba. 

simkvrivis Secvla SesaZlebelia sxeulebis gaTbobiT an gacivebiT. am drosac icvleba sxeulis molekulebs 

Soris manZilebi da Sesabamisad moculobac, amitom simkvrivec icvleba. 

nivTierebisG simkvrive aseve SeiZleba Seicvalos sxeulSi molekulebis raodenobis SecvliT – am dros 

Seicvleba nivTierebis raodenoba, anu masa. 

sabolood SegviZlia gavakeToT daskvna: simkvrive miT metia, rac metia sxeulis masa da miT naklebia, 

rac naklebia sxeulis moculoba. 

aqtivoba 3 – simkvrivis ganmarteba gamovsaxoT formuliT /10 wT/ 

simkvrive = masa / moculoba 

somboloebis gamoyenebiT simkvrivis ganmarteba 

ase Caiwereba: 

ρ=m/V (ρ=simkvrive, m=masa, V=moculoba) 



Semdegi kriteriumebiT. 

48


1. ganmartavs nivTierebis simkvrives. 

2. msjelobs nivTierebis simkvrivis praqtikul gamoyenebaze. 

3. Sesabamisi cnebebis da formulebis adekvaturad gamoiyeneba amocanebis amosaxsnisas. 





msjelobs niv- 


praqtikul 

gamoyenebaze 



cnebebs da 

formulebs 

arasworad 

ganmartavs 

nivTierebis 

simkvrives 

arasworad 

msjelobs 

nivTierebis 

simkvrivis 

praqtikul 

gamoyenebaze 

amocanebis 

amoxsnisas ver 


cnebebs 

da formulebs 

arasrulad 



zogadad da xarvezebiT 

msjelobs 

nivTierebis simkvrivis 

praqtikul 

gamoyenebaze 


arasworad 


cnebebs da formulebs 

49 

saubrobs ra 

ganapirobebs 

simkvrives da 

ganmartavs 

msjelobs niv- 

Tierebis simkvrivispraqtikulgamoyenebaze 

amocanebis 

amoxsnisas 


cnebebs da 

formulebs 

ganixilebs ra kavSiria masas moculobasa 

da simkvrives Soris da ganmartavs 

nivTierebis simkvrives; 

msjelobs nivTierebis simkvrivis 

praqtikul gamoyenebaze - mag. aanalizebs 

kvadrociklis sxvadasxva 

nawilebi sxvadasxva simkvrivis niv- 

Tiere bisgan damzadebis mizanSewonilobas 

amocanebis amoxsnisas warmatebiT 

iyenebs Sesabamis cnebebs da formulebs 

aqtivoba 4 –saSinao davaleba /5wT/ 





2, 3 prezentacias.

scenarebi qimiaSi 

21. qimia – bunebismetyvelebis nawili (2 saaTi) 

I saaTi 

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos isaubros ratom aris qimia sabunebismetyvelo mecniereba; 

imsjelos nivTierebebze, maT gardaqmnebze da am gardaqmnebis Tanmxleb movlenebze, ganuviTardes 

komunikaciis da azrovnebis unarebi. 

standardtan Sesabamisoba: bun.VII.11. 

aqtivoba1 – ras niSnavs bunebismetyveleba da ras Seiswavlis igi? /10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaixsenon, ras swavlobs bunebismetyveleba: 

moswavleebi ixseneben da CamoTvlian ... 

ras swavlobs 

bunebismetyveleba 

maswavlebeli sqemaze afiqsirebs moswavleTa pasuxebs da versiebis amowurvis Semdeg moswavleTa 

CamonaTvals ajgufebs: 

magaliTad: 

qimia fizika biologia 

nivTierebebs... sxeulebs... cocxal organizmebs... 

Sejemeba – buneba swored am sam enaze „metyvelebs“ anu yovelgvari cvlileba, rac Cven garSemo xdeba an 

nivTierebas exeba an sxeuls an cocxal orbanizms, an samives, an or romelimes, an erT-erTs. 

aqtivoba 2 – ratom iTvleba qimia uZveles mecnierebad... „istoriebi da faqti“ /10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli fokusirebas akeTebs terminze „qimia“ moswavleebs acnobs terminis warmomavlobis da 

istoriis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva istoriul versiebs; 

versia 1 - is SeiZleba momdinareobdes egviptis Zveli saxelwodeba „qemi“ dan rac Savs niSnavs da SesaZlebelia 

mdinare nilosis dablobze niadagis ferTan iyos dakavSirebuli 

versia 2 - sityva ZvelberZnulad Serevas niSnavs; 

versia 3 - sityva Cinuad oqros niSnavs; 

versia 4 - saxelwodeba „qimia“-s vxvdebiT meCvidmete saukuneSi mefe vaxtang VI-is xelnawer naSromSi 

„wigni zeTebis Sezavebisa da qimiis qmnisa“ rogorc istoria iuwyeba 

mefes sasaxleSi qimiuri laboratoria hqonia mowyobili, sadac igi cdebs atarebda versia 5 - Zvel droSi 

cdebze mo muSave adamianebs „alqimikosebs“ uwodebdnen. 

faqti, romelic Zalian mniSvnelovania 

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi adamiani ocnebobda oqros xelovnurad miRebaze. eZebda iseT nivTierebas, 

romelic daexmareboda mas Cveulebrivi metali, magaliTad rkina, oqrod eqcia. am cdebze momuSave adamianebs 

àlqimikosebs~ uwodebdnen. marTalia maTi mcdeloba fuWi iyo, magram samagierod, Seiqmna saWiro 

xelsawyoebi, aRmoaCines bevri sasargeblo nivTiereba, ramac biZgi misca qimiis, rogorc mecnierebis 

Camoyalibebas. 

maswavlebeli ajamebs: 

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi 

tardeboda cdebi. 

Seiqmna saWiro xelsawyoebi, aRmoaCines 

bevri sasargeblo nivTiereba. 

50 

es iyo biZgi qimiis rogorc mecnierebis 

CamoyalibebisaTvis.

aqtivoba 3 – ratom lpeba xili. ratom mJavdeba rZe?.. /10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli kognitur savarjiSos sTavazobs moswavleebs.. dafaze xazavs kognitur sqemas „movlenamizezi-Sedegi“ 

da moswavleebTan interaqtiuri kiTxva-pasuxis Sedegad avsebs sqemis I da III svets. kerZod 

maswavlebeli avsebs I xolo moswavleebi amis Sesabamisad III svets 

movlena mizezi Sedegi 

rZe amJavda ra aris amis mizezi? miviReT... mawoni 

Rvino daZmarda ra aris amis mizezi? miviReT.. Zmari 

mwvane foToli gayviTlda ra aris amis mizezi? miviReT yviTeli foToli 

... ... ... 

maswavlebeli – cnobismoyvare adamiani nel-nela codnismoyvare gaxda da qimikosebma daiwyes kvlevebi 

raTa pasuxi gaecaT: 

– ratom yviTldeba foTlebi? 

– ratom mwifdeba da lpeba xili? 

– ratom mJavdeba rZe? 

– ratom Zmardeba Rvino? 

– ratom iJangeba rkina an sad `qreba~ wyalSi Cayrili marili Tu Saqari? 

A 

maswavlebeli agrZelebs axsnas da saubrobs dakvirvebaze, romelic kvlevis warmatebis erT-erTi 

pirobaa. 

adamiani yovelTvis akvirdeboda mis Tvalwin momxdar cvlilebebsa da maT Sedegebs, da cdilobda yovelive 

Tavis sasargeblod gamoeyenebina. magaliTad, iyo dro, roca Weqa-quxilis Sedegad gaCenili cecxli, 

Tavzars scemda pirvelyofil adamianebs. Semdeg ki maT iswavles cecxlis daxmarebiT saWmlis momzadeba. 

aqtivoba 4 – ra daemarTa natriums? /10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs daakvirdnen saskolo saxemZRvaneloSi mocemul vizualur masalas, 

romelic Tanmimdevrulad gamoxatavs nivTiereba natriumis „cvlilebas“ misi wyalSi Cadebidan mis gaqrobamde.. 

maswavlebeli moswavleTa wyvilebs mimarTavs kiTxvebiT da exmareba maT gaiazron vizualuri masala 

(suraTi 3) da misi Sesabamisi warwera: 

natriumi rbili movercxlisfero 

liTonia. 

kiTxva: ra Tvisebebi aqvs niv- 

Tiereba natriums? 

pasuxi: rbilia, movercxlisfroa 

wyalSi natriumis CaSvebisas is 

amotivtivdeba, wylis zedapirze 

iwyebs moZraobas, TandaTan zomaSi 

iklebs da warmoiqmneba airi 

kiTxva: wyalTan Sexebisas ra 

cvlilebas ganicdis nivTiereba 

natriumi? 

pasuxi: amotivtivda, amoZravda, 

dapataravda, airi warmoqmna 

51 

natriumis wyalTan urTierTqmedebis procesi 

dasrulda 

kiTxva: aq ra xdeba? 

pasuxi: araferi natriumi gaqra?.. 

maswavlebeli jer sityvierad ajamebs Semdeg ki sqematyrad gamoxatavs masalas: 

1. sityvieri Sejameba 

nivTiereba natriumi ki ar „gaqra“, aramed wyalSi gaixsna da sxva nivTierebad gardaiqmna. Aam gardaqmnas 

Tanmxlebi movlenebi axlavs: airis da siTbos gamoyofa. airi kargad Cans, gamoyofili siTbo ki WurWels 

aTbobs. es WurWelze xelis dadebiTac SeigrZnoba. 

2. mokle sityvieri Canaweri da misive sqematuri Canaweri 

natriums damatebuli wyali gardaiqmneba axal nivTierebad da gamoiyofa siTbo. 

natriumi + wyali = axali nivTiereba + siTbo

natriums damatebuli wyali gardaiqmneba axal niv- 

Tierebad 

natrium + wyali = axali niv- 

Tiereba 

52 

da gamoiyofa siTbo 

+ siTbo 

maswavlebeli ajamebs – am yvelafers swavlobs qimia anu qimia aris sabunebismetyvelo mecniereba 

romelic swavlobs: 

1. nivTierebebis Tvisebebs; 

2. maT gardaqmnebs; 

3. am gardaqmnebis Tanmxleb movlenebs. 

niTierebebis Tvisebebs 

qimia Seiswavlis 

nivTierebis gardaqmnebs am gardaqmnebis Tanmxleb movlenebs 

aqtivoba 5 – saSinao davaleba /5 wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs avalebs moamzadon gakveTili argumentirebuli TxrobiT da Seasrulon 

savarjiSoebi. 


maswavlebels SeuZlia moswavle seafasos Semdegi kriteriumebiT 


1. moswavle ganmartavs ratom aris qimia sabunebismetyvelo mecniereba 

2. msjelobs nivTierebebze, maT gardaqmnebze da am gardaqmnebis Tanmxleb movlenebze 

Sefasebis rubrika: 


ratom aris qimia 


mecniereba da rogoria 

misi ganviTarebis 

istoria 


nivTierebebze, maT 

gardaqmnebze da am 

gardaqmnebis Tanmxleb 

movlenebze 

1-3 4-5 6-7 8-10 

moswavle ver ganmartavs 

ratom aris 

qimia sabunebismetyvelo 

mecniereba 

da rogoria misi ganviTarebis 

istoria 

moswavle ver 

axerxebs imsjelos 




movlenebze 

moswavle xarvezebiT 

ganmartavs 





istoria 


msjelobs 




movlenebze 






istoria 





movlenebze 

qimia – bunebismetyvelebis nawili 

II saaTi 




mecnierebada moyavs 

argumentirebuli 

magaliTebi da rogoria 


istoria 

moswavle argumentirebulad 

msjelobs nivTierebebze, 

maT gardaqmnebze 

da am gardaqmnebis 

Tanmxleb movlenebze 

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos isaubros ratom aris qimia sabunebismetyvelo mecniereba; 

imsjelos nivTierebebze, maT gardaqmnebze da am gardaqmnebis Tanmxleb movlenebze, ganuviTardes 

komunikaciis da azrovnebis unarebi. 

standardtan Sesabamisoba: bun.VII.11. 


maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs gaakeTon saSinao davalebis prezentacia.


1. akeTebs TxrobiT momzadebuli gakeTilis prezentacias, aqcents akeTebs faqtebze da ama Tu im mosazrebis 

dasamtkiceblad moyavs argumentebi. 

2. warmoadgens momzadebul savarjiSos. 

aqtivoba 2 – muSaoba jgufebSi, wyvilebSi /25 wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs yofs jgufebad an akompleqtebs wyvilebs da Tanmimdevrulad aZlevs gakveTilis 

bolos mocemul 2, 3 4, 5 savarjiSoebs. 

savarjiSo „Seavse krosvordi“ 

I etapi savarjiSos micema; 

II etapi jgufuri muSaoba; 

III etapi prezentacia. 

krosvordis kiTxvebi: 

1. romeli nivTierebiT atkbob Cais? 

2. romeli nivTiereba amlaSebs sakvebs? 

3. romeli nivTierebisgan amzadeben qvabebsa da tafebs? 

4. romel nivTierebas izidavs magniti? 

5. romeli Txevadi nivTierebis gareSea sicocxle 

warmoudgeneli? 

savarjiSo „xis merqnis wva“ 




gaanalizeT da warmoadgineT sqematurad: 

rodesac xe iwvis, miiReba naxSiri da siTbo gamoiyofa? 

upasuxe: romelia nivTierebis, gardaqmna da romeli _ Tanmxlebi movlena? 

savarjiSo – gardaqmna Tu misi Tanmxlebi movlena 


II etapi jg muSaoba; 


gaanalizeT da warmoadgineT pasuxi: 

– Seni azriT, romeli ufro mniSvnelovania, gardaqmnis saboloo produqti Tu misi Tanmxlebi movlena, 

rodesac: 

a) bunebrivi airi iwvis; 

b) rZisgan xaWo mzaddeba. 

savarjiSo – gaanalizeT 




gaanalizeT da warmoadgineT argumentirebuli pasuxi: 

– alqimikosebs rkina rom oqrod gadaeqciaT, es gardaqmna iqneboda Tu misi Tanmxlebi movlena? 

aqtivoba 3 – moswavleTa jgufebis urT-erTi Sefaseba /5wT/ 

jgufs SeuZlia sxva jgufuri Seafasos Semdegi kriteriumiT: 

jgufi msjelobs nivTierebebze, maT gardaqmnebze da am gardaqmnebis Tanmxleb movlenebze. 

53

scenarebi biologiaSi 

31. erT da mravalujrediani organizmebi 

gakveTilis mizani – moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis struqturul erTeulze; 

sxvadasxva saSualebiT gamosaxos sicocxlis organizaciis doneebi da imsjelos maT Sesaxeb. moxdes Aazrovnebis 

da komunikaciis unarebis ganviTareba. 


AI etapi – moswavleTa winare codnis safuZvelze axali masalis axsna 

aqtivoba1 – davfiqrdeT-vupasuxoT-vivaraudoT /10wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleTa winare codnis aqtivaciisaTvis moswavleebs mimarTavs: 

– gamoiyeneT Tqveni codna da CamoTvaleT adamianis, organizmis organoebi. 

moswavleTa savaraudo pasuxebi: Tavi, xeli, Tvali, guli da a.S. 

– gamoiyeneT Tqveni codna da CamoTvaleT vaSlis xis organoebi. 

moswavleTa savaraudo pasuxebi: fesvi, Rero, foToli, nayofi, yvavili, Tesli. 

– magaliTad, ganvixiloT fiToli, rogorc vaSlis xis Semadgeneli erT-erTi organo ra nawilebisagan 

Sedgeba? 

moswavleTa savaraudo pasuxebi: yunwisa da firfitisagan. 

– Tqveni azriT/varaudiT foTlis firfita struqturulad risganaa agebuli? is kidev risgan Sedgeba? 

moswavleebi gamoTqvamen TavianT mosazrebebs/varaudebs... 

aqtivoba 2 – jaWvuri Txroba /10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli aRniSnavs – es kiTxva biologiis, rogorc mecnierebis ganviTarebis yvela etapze ainteresebdaT 

mkvlevarebs da gamadidebeli xelsawyoebis Seqmnam uamravi aRmoCenebis saSualeba misca 

biologebs, manmade ki isini gamoTqvamdnen varaudebs, gamadidebeli xelsawyoebis gamoyenebiT mravali 

mecnieris varaudi dadasturda. 

Dmaswavlebeli iwyebs jaWvur Txrobas: 

1. mcenaris foTols mikroskopiT Tu daaTvaliereb, dainaxav, rom foToli patar-patara ganyofilebebisagan 

Sedgeba. TiToeul aseT ganyofilebas ujredi ewodeba. 

2. mravalujredian organizmebSi, kerZod sokoebSi, mcenareebsa da cxovelebSi, ujredebis erToblioba 

qmnis qsovilebs. 

3. qsovilisgan ki iqmneba organizmis organoebi. 

Sejameba anu rgolebiT jaWvis Sekvra – ùjredi-qsovili-organo-organizmi~. 

Aaqtivoba-3 ujredebis raodenoba da cocxali organizmebi /10wT/ 

maswavlebeli agrZelebs jaWvur Txrobas da bolos aqtivobas asrulebs kognituri sqemiT: 

• mikroskopi daexmara mecnierebs cocxali organizmebi daeyo erTujredian da mravalujredian organizmebad; 

radgan aRmoaCines, rom arseboben organizmebi, romelTa mTeli sxeuli mxolod erTi ujredia. 

cxadia, rom es organizmebi Zlier mcire zomis arian. maT erTujrediani organizmebi ewodeba. erTujrediani 

organizmebia ameba, qalamana, baqteriebi da sxv. 

mecnierebi yovelTvis TanamSromloben: acnobeben xolme erTmaneTs sakuTari dakvirvebis Sesaxeb, 

cvlian mosazrebebs da erToblivad midian daskvnebamde. sqemaze naCvenebia, rogor mividnen mecnierebi 

am daskvnamde. 

mcenareebi 

ujredebisgan 

Sedgeba 

(maTias 

Sleideni) 

yvela cocxali 

organizmis sxeuli 

ujredebisganaa 

agebuli 

(Teodor Svani) 

uuuu 

54 

cxovelebi 

ujredebisagan 

Sedgeba 

(Teodor Svani)

sqemis mimoxilva: 

• germaneli mecnieri maTias Sleideni mikroskopiT daakvirda sxvadasxva saxis mcenares da yvela maTganSi 

aRmoaCina ujredebi. aman Sleidens SesaZlebloba misca daeskvna, rom mcenareebi ujredebisagan 

Sedgeba. 

• amave periodSi germanelma Teodor Svanma mikroskopiT dainaxa ujredebi cxovelebis organizmSi. 

amgvarad Svanma daaskvna, rom cxovelebi ujredebisgan Sedgeba. 

Aaqtivoba 4 – gakveTilis Sejameba /5wT/ 

1. cocxali organizmebis sxeuli ujredebisganaa agebuli. amitom amboben, rom ujredi yvela cocxali 

organizmis agebulebis erTeulia. 

2. organizmis SedgenilobaSi arsebuli ujredebis raodenobis mixedviT, cocxali arsebebi iyofa erTujredianebad 

da mravalujredianebad. 

cocxali organizmebi 

erTujredianebi mravalujredianebi 

3. mravalujredian organizmebSi (sokoebSi, mcenareebSi da cxovelebSi) ujredebis erToblioba qmnis 

qsovils. qsovilisgan iqmneba organoebi. 

Aaqtivoba 5 – Sefaseba / 5 wT/ 

maswavlebelma SeiZleba awarmoos ganmsazRvreli da ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba. gTavazobT Sefasebis 

kriteriumebs, romliTac SeiZleba ganxorcieldes Sefaseba. 


1 moswavles SeuZlia ujredze, rogorc organizmis struqturul erTeulze msjeloba 

2. moswavles SeuZlia sicocxlis organizaciis doneebze msjeloba 

3. moswavles SeuZlia terminebis – ujredi,qsovili,organo,organo, erTujrediani, mravalujrediani 

- ganmarteba 

Aaqtivoba 6 – saSinao davaleba /5 wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs davalebad aZlevs Seiswavlon saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli paragrafi` 

ujredi yvela cocxali organizmis agebulebis erTeulia~ da moamzadon TxrobiT. yuradReba gaamaxvilon 

terminebze: 

• ujredi, 

• qsovili, 

• organo, 

• erTujrediani, 

• mravalujrediani 

gakveTilze miRebuli codnis ganmtkicebis mizniT moswavleebs avalebs gaakeTon gakveTilis bolos 

mocemuli savarjiSoebi. 

32. ujredi – qsovili – organo - organizmi 

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos da sxvadasxva saSualebebiT gamosaxos sicocxlis 

organizaciis doneebi: ujredi, qsovili, organo, organizmi Mmoxdes Aazrovnebis da komunikaciis 

unarebis ganviTareba. 

standartTan Sesabamisoba- bun.VII.5 

aqtivoba1 – davfiqrdeT-vupasuxoT-vivaraudoT /10wT/ 

maswavlebeli moswavleTa winare codnis aqtivaciisaTvis moswavleebs mimarTavs: 

– gamoiyeneT Tqveni codna da CamoTvaleT adamianis, organizmis organoebi. 

55

moswavleTa savaraudo pasuxebi: Tavi, xeli, Tvali, guli.. daS 

– gamoiyeneT Tqveni codna da CamoTvaleT vaSlis xis organoebi. 

moswavleTa savaraudo pasuxebi: fesvi, Rero, foToli, nayofi, yvavili, Tesli 

– magaliTad ganvixiloT fiToli, rogorc vaSlis xis Semadgeneli erT-erTi organo ra nawilebisagan 

Sedgeba? 

moswavleTa savaraudo pasuxebi: yunwisa da firfitisagan 

– Tqveni azriT/varaudiT foTlis firfita struqturulad risganaa agebuli? is kidev risgan Sedgeba? 

moswavleebi gamoTqvamen TavianT mosazrebebs/varaudebs... 

aqtivoba 2 – jaWvuri Txroba /10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli aRniSnavs – es kiTxva biologiis, rogorc mecnierebis ganviTarebis yvela etapze ainteresebdaT 

mkvlevarebs da gamadidebeli xelsawyoebis Seqmnam uamravi aRmoCenebis saSualeba misca 

biologebs... manmade ki isini gamoTqvamdnen varaudebs. gamadidebeli xelsawyoebis gamoyenebiT mravali 

mecnieris varaudi dadasturda. 

Dmaswavlebeli iwyebs jaWvur Txrobas: 

1. mcenaris foTols mikroskopiT Tu daaTvaliereb, dainaxav, rom foToli patar-patara ganyofilebebisagan 

Sedgeba. TiToeul aseT ganyofilebas ujredi ewodeba. 

2. mravalujredian organizmebSi, kerZod sokoebSi, mcenareebsa da cxovelebSi, ujredebis erToblioba 

qmnis qsovilebs. 

3. qsovilisgan ki iqmneba organizmis organoebi. 

Sejameba anu rgolebiT jaWvis Sekvra Sejameba – ùjredi-qsovili-organo-organizmi~ 

naTqvami SeiZleba sqemis saxiTac gamovsaxoT. magaliTad: 

gulis kunTis 

ujredebi 

uu uu 

qsovili guli 

mcenaris foTlis ujredebi qmnian qsovils, romlisaganac iqmneba foToli. igive iTqmis mcenareebis 

sxva organoebis – Reros, fesvis Tu yvavilis Sesaxeb. 

aqtivoba 3 – /10 wT/ 

maswavlebeli akeTebs kognituri/azrobrivi sqemis prezentacias: 

1. verbalurad organoebis erToblioba qmnis sxeuls - organizms. 

2. vizualurad magaliTad, adamianis, ZaRlis, cxenis SemTxvevaSi sqematurad es ase gamoisaxeba: 

Zvlebi 

kunTebi 

kani 

uu 

uu 

uu 

organizmi 

(sxeuli) 

uuuu 

uu 

guli 

tvini 

aqtivoba 4 – ujredebis raodenoba da cocxali organizmebi /5wT/ 

maswavlebeli – mikroskopi daexmara mecnierebs cocxali organizmebi daeyo erTujredian da mravalujredian 

organizmebad; radgan aRmoaCines rom arseboben organizmebi, romelTa mTeli sxeuli mxolod erTi 

ujredia. cxadia, rom es organizmebi Zlier mcire zomis arian. maT erTujrediani organizmebi ewodeba. 

erTujrediani organizmebia ameba, qalamana, baqteriebi da sxv. 

ameba, qalamana, evglena, baqteriebi erTujredianebi arian. amitom maT ar aqvT qsovilebi da organoebi, 

maTi ujredi Tavad warmoadgens organizms. 

moswavleebi – saxelmZRvaneloSi aTvaliereben erTujrediani organizmebis fotoebs da iazreben rom 

56 

uu 

Tirkmeli 

uu 

uu 

kuWi 

filtvi 

sakvercxe 

saTesle

amebas ujredi amavdroulad misi organizmia. 









transfers. A 


1. moswavle msjelobs sicocxlis organizaciis doneebze; 

2. moswavle sxvadasxva saSualebebiT gamosaxavs sicocxlis organizaciis doneebs / ujredi, qsovili, 

organo, organizmi/ 




sicocxlis organizaciis 

doneebze 

Mmoswavle sxvadasxva 

saSualebebiT gamosaxavs 

sicocxlis 

organizaciis doneebs/ 

ujredi, qsovili, 

organo, organizmi/ 


msjelobs sicocxlis 

organizaciis doneebze 

Mmoswavle ver axerxebs 

sxvadasxva saSualebebiT 

gamosaxos sicocxlis 

organizaciis 

doneebi 


msjelobs sicocxlis 

organizaciis 

doneebze 

Mmoswavle xarvezebiT 

axerxebs 

sxvadasxva saSualebebiT 

gamosaxos 


doneebi 

57 


sworad msjelobs 


doneebze 

Mmoswavle ZiriTadad 

axerxebs sxvadasxva 

saSualebebiT gamosaxos 


doneebi 

srulyofilad 

srulyofilad 


maswavlebeli moswavleebs davalebad aZlevs Seiswavlon saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli paragrafi moamzadon 

TxrobiT. yuradReba gaamaxvilon terminebze: 

• ujredi 

• qsovili 

• organo 

• erTujrediani 

• mravalujrediani 

da Seasrulon gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebi.

33. ujredi yvela cocxali organizmis funqciuri da ganviTarebis 

erTeulia 

gakveTilis saswavlo mizani: moswavlem SeZlos imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis struqturul, 

funqciur da ganviTarebis elementarul erTeulze moxdes Aazrovnebis da komunikaciis unarebis ganvi- 

Tareba. 


A 

aqtivoba 1 – ujredi, rogorc organizmis struqturuli erTeuli /5wT/ 

maswavlebeli iwyebs interaqtiur leqcias da kognituri sqemis Sevsebas; 

Tavdapirvelad avsebs sqemis pirvel svets: 

ujredi, rogorc organizmis 

struqturuli erTeuli 

kunTis ujredebi qmnian kunTs 

neironebi qmnian tvins da a.S. 


funqciuri erTeuli 

58 


ganviTarebis erTeuli 

Aaqtivoba 2 – ujredi, rogorc organizmis funqciuri erTeuli /15wT/ 

maswavlebeli agrZelebs interaqtiur leqcias da kognituri sqemis meore svetis Sevsebas: 

ujredi, rogorc 

organizmis 

struqturuli 

erTeuli 

kunTis ujredebi qmnian 

kunTs 

neironebi qmnian tvins da 

a.S. 

ujredi, rogorc organizmis funqciuri erTeuli ujredi, rogorc 

organizmis 

ganviTarebis 

erTeuli 

kunTis ujredebs aqvT SekumSvis unari. maTi erToblivi 

SekumSva iwvevs organos – kunTis SekumSvas. amgvarad kunTis 

ujredebi ara marto qmnian kunTs, aramed ganapirobeben mis 

funqcias. 

neironebis cxovelqmedeba ganapirobebs tvinis funqcias. 

amgvarad neironebi ara marto qmnian tvinis qsovils da Sesabamisad 

tvins, aramed uzrunvelyofen mis funqcias. 

Aaqtivoba 3 – ujredi, rogorc organizmis ganviTarebis erTeuli /10wT/ 

maswavlebeli agrZelebs interaqtiur leqcias da kognituri sqemis mesame svetis Sevsebas: 

ujredi, rogorc 

organizmis 

struqturuli erTeuli 

� kunTis ujredebi qmnian 

kunTs 

� neironebi qmnian tvins 

daS 



� kunTis ujredebs aqvT SekumSvis 

unari. maTi erToblivi SekumSva 

iwvevs organos – kunTis SekumSvas. 

amgvarad kunTis ujredebi ara marto 

qmnian kunTs, aramed ganapirobeben 

mis funqcias. 

� neironebis cxovelqmedeba ganapirobebs 

tvinis funqcias. amgvarad 

neironebi ara marto qmnian tvinis 

qsovils da Sesabamisad tvins, aramed 

uzrunvelyofen mis funqcias. 



� erTujredianebis, magaliTad amebas 

ujredi iyofa da warmoqmnis or axal – 

Svileul ujreds. amgvarad ujredis gayofa 

uzrunvelyofs amebas gamravlebis funqcias. 

� cxovelebs da mcenareebs, aqvT gansakuTrebuli 

ujredebi – sasqeso ujredebi, 

romlebisganac axali organizmi warmoiqmneba. 

amgvarad sasqeso ujredebi uzrunvelyofen 

cocxali organizmebis gamravlebis 

funqcias.

Aaqtivoba 4 – refleqsia /5wT/ 

maswavlebeli ajamebs gakveTils: 

cocxali organizmis 

agebulebis erTeuli 

ujredi 



59 








transfers. A 

Sefasebis kriteriumi: moswavles SeuZlia imsjelos ujredze, rogorc organizmis struqturul, funqciur 

da ganviTarebis elementarul erTeulze. 


moswavles SeuZlia 

imsjelos ujredze, 

rogorc organizmis 

struqturul, 

erTeulze 




funqciur erTeulze 

moswavles ar Seu- 

Zlia imsjelos 

ujredze, rogorc 

organizmis struqturul, 

erTeulze 

moswavles ar Seu- 

Zlia imsjelos 


organizmis funqciur 

erTeulze 

moswavles Seu- 

Zlia xarvezebiT 



struqturul, 

erTeulze 


zogadad imsjelos 


organizmis funqciur 

erTeulze 




struqturul, 

erTeulze; moiyvanos 

magaliTebi 





da moiyvanos magaliTebi 




struqturul, 

erTeulze; moiyvanos 

magaliTebi 





da moiyvanos magaliTebi 


maswavlebeli moswavleebs davalebad aZlevs Seiswavlon saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli paragrafi moamzadon 

TxrobiT da Seasrulon gakveTilis bolos mocemuli savarjiSoebi.

8. Semajamebeli testebi 

fizika 

1. SI sistemaSi sigrZis ZiriTadi sazomi erTeulia: 

a) erTi metri; b) erTi kilometri; 

g) erTi milimetri; d) erTi santimetri. 

2. SI sistemaSi drois sazomi ZiriTadi erTeulia: 

a) wami ; b) wuTi; g) saaTi; d) weli. 

3. SI sistemaSi masis ZiriTadi sazomi erTeulia: 

a) grami; b) kilogrami; g) tona; d) miligrami . 

4. romeli gamafrTxilebeli niSani miuTiTebs radiaciul safrTxes? 

a) b) g) 

d) e) v) 

5. romeli gamafrTxilebeli niSani miuTiTebs toqsikur safrTxes? 

a) b) g) 

d) e) v) 

6. romelia nivTierebis umciresi nawilaki: 

a) atomi; b) molekula; g) namceci. 

7. ramdeni agregatuli mdgomareoba arsebobs : 

a) 1 b) 2 g) 3 d) 5 

8. romeli formula gamosaxavs simkvrives: 

a) F=mg b) ρ=m/V g) X=L-L0 d) Fdr= -kX 

9. ra aris difuzia: 

a) qvemodan zeviT mimarTuli Zala; 

b) erTi nivTierebis meoreSi Sereva; 

g) erTi nivTierebis meorisagan gancalkeveba; 

d) horizontalurad mimarTuli Zala. 

10. romel agregatul mdgomareobaSi mimdinareobs difuzia yvelaze swrafad: 

a) myarSi; b) TxevadSi; g) airadSi; d) yvelaSi erTnairad. 

11. ra saxis Zalebi ici: 

a) vertikaluri da horizontaluri; 

b) distanciuri da kontaqturi; 

g) marjvena da marcxena; 

d) magari da rbili; 

e) skalaruli da veqtoruli. 

60

12. rogori sididea Zala: 

a) vertikaluri ; 

g) marjvena; 

d) magari da rbili ; 

e) veqtoruli. 

13. romeli Zala iwvevs nayofis vardnas miwaze: 

a) xaxunis; b) drekadobis; g) simZimis; d) dartymis. 

14. romeli Zalaa meti: 

a) uZraobis xaxunis; 

b) srialis xaxunis; 

g) drekadi xaxunis; 

d) plastikuri xaxunis. 

15. CamoTvlilTagan romelia kontaqturi Zala: 

a) gravitaciuli; b) xaxunis; g) simZimis; d) magnituri. 

16. rogor SevamciroT xaxuni: 

a) wonis gazrdiT; 

b) wonis SemcirebiT; 

g) urTierT Sexebis farTobis gazrdiT; 

d) urTierT Sexebis farTobis SemcirebiT. 

17. CamoTvlilTagan romeli Zala aRudgens drekad sxeuls formas: 

a) xaxunis; b) drekadobis; g) simZimis ; d) dartymis. 

18. romeli formula gamosaxavs hukis kanons: 

a) p=F/S; b) ρ=m/V g) X=L-L 0 d) Fdr= -kX 

19. romeli formula gamosaxavs wnevas: 

a) p=F/S b) ρ=m/V g) X=L-L0 d) Fdr=-kX 

20. romeli ganmarteba asaxavs paskalis kanons: 

a) rac metia deformaciis Zala, miT metia drekad sxeulSi aRZruli drekadobis Zala; 

b) airSi da siTxeSi CaZirul sxeulze moqmedebs amomgdebi Zala; 

g) siTxeSi da airSi wneva yvela mimarTulebiT erTnairad gadaecema; 

d) xaxunis Zala ar aris damokidebuli urTierT Sexebis farTobze. 

21. romelia ziarWurWeli: 

a) boTli; b) Wiqa; g) Caidani; d) TefSi. 

22. ra ganapirobebs amomgdebi Zalis arsebobas: 

a) xaxuni; b) gravitacia; g) maRali wneva; d) temperatura. 

61

1. mocemuli niSani gafrTxilebs, rom: 

a) xels uwyobs wvasa da Jangvas; 

b) azianebs kansa da Tvalebs; 

g) toqsikuria. 

qimia 

2. qalaqSi eleqtroenergias sami eleqtrosadguri gamoimuSavebs. romel eleqtrosadgurSi gamomuSavdeba 

eleqtroenergia qimiuri gardaqmnis Sedegad: 

a) qvanaxSirze momuSave eleqtrosadgurSi; 

b) qaris eleqtrosadgurSi; 

g) hidroeleqtrosadgurSi. 

3. gafiltvriT SeiZleba ganvacalkevoT im xsnaris Semadgeneli komponentebi, romelic Sedgeba: 

a) walSi xsnadi myari nivTierebebisagan; 

b) erTmaneTSi uxsnadi siTxeebisgan; 

g) wyalSi uxsnadi myari nivTierebisagan. 

4. zRvis wylidan sufris marilis miReba SeiZleba: 

a) amoSrobiT; 

b) gafiltvriT; 

g) dawdomiT. 

5. romeli movlenaa qimiuri: 

a) Saqris gafxviereba; 

b) Caidnis Tavsaxurze wylis wveTebis warmoqmna; 

g) sanTlis wva. 

6. fizikuri movlenis dros ar icvleba nivTierebis: 

a) molekulebs Soris manZili; 

b) molekula; 

g) forma da zoma. 

7. kiriani wylis amRvreva imis maCvenebelia, rom qimiuri reaqciis Sedegad: 

a) gamoiyo airi; 

b) warmoiqmna naleqi; 

g) gamoiyo sinaTle. 

8. arasworia msjeloba, rom foTlis wvis dros: 

a) foTlis masa mcirdeba; 

b) airadi produqtebi gamoiyofa; 

g) irRveva masis mudmivobis kanoni. 

9. wvis aucilebeli pirobaa, nivTierebis: 

a) aalebis temperaturamde gaxureba; 

b) galRoba; 

g) daqucmaceba. 

10. ra ganapirobebs daxarjuli Jangbadis aRdgenas haerSi: 

a) wva; 

b) difuzia; 

g) fotosinTezi. 

11. limonaTis boTlis gaxsnisas airi gamoiyofa, radgan: 

a) airis xsnadoba izrdeba wnevis SemcirebiT; 

b) airis xsnadoba izrdeba wnevis gazrdiT; 

g) airis xsnadoba mcirdeba wnevis SemcirebiT. 

62

12. sanTlis wvis dros gamoiyofa: 

a) wyali; 

b) wyali da naxSirorJangi; 

g) naxSirorJangi. 

13. natriumis wyalTan urTierTqmedebis reaqcias axlavs: 

a) siTbos STanTqma; 

b) feris da sunis Secvla; 

g) siTbos da airis gamoyofa. 

14. molekulis modelebidan romeli Seesabameba wylis molekulas: 

a) b) g) 

15. marmarilos ZiriTadi Semadgeneli nawilia nivTiereba: 

a) marilmJava; 

b) natriumis hidroqsidi; 

g) kalciumis karbonati, 

16. kirian wyals amRvrevs nivTiereba: 

a) naxSirorJangi; 

b) Jangbadi; 

g) wyali. 

17. Jangbadis areSi mbJutavi kvari: 

a) abrialdeba; 

b) Caqvreba; 

g) araferi mouva. 

18. mJavis Sesaxeb romeli mtkicebulebaa mcdari: 

a) mJava neitraldeba fuZiT; 

b) mJava fuZesTan urTierTqmedebs marilisa da wylis warmoqmniT; 

g) mJava fuZesTan urTierTqmedebs naxSirorJangisa da wylis warmoqmniT. 

19. ra ferisaa iisferi lakmusis qaRaldi neitralur xsnarSi: 

a) wiTeli; 

b) lurji; 

g) iisferi. 

20. ras udris fuZis xsnaris pH: 

a) pH 7 

b) pH 14 

g) pH 1 

63

iologia 

1. ujreduli Teoriis Tanaxmad ujredi aris: 

a) cocxali organizmebis agebulebis erTeuli; 

b) cocxali da aracocxali sxeulebis agebulebis erTeuli; 

g) qimiuri nivTierebebis agebulebis erTeuli. 

2. birTvi moTavsebulia: 

a) mcenareuli ujredis vakuolSi; 

b) ujredis citoplazmaSi; 

g) ujredis garsSi. 

3. cxoveluri da mcenareuli ujredi gansxvavdeba imiT rom: 

a) cxovelur ujreds ar aqvs qloroplastebi; 

b) mcenareul ujreds ar aqvs ujredis kedeli; 

g) cxovelur ujreds ar aqvs vakuoli. 

4. mitoqondriebis funqcia aris: 

a) sakvebisagan energiis miReba; 

b) mzis energiis gamoyeneba; 

g) sakvebi nivTierebebis warmoqmna. 

5. qloroplastebis funqcia aris: 

a) sakvebisagan energiis miReba; 

b) mzis energiis gamoyeneba; 

g) sakvebi nivTierebebis warmoqmna. 

6. organos agebuleba swori TanmimdevrobiT SesaZlebelia ase warmovadginoT: 

a) organo-ujredi-qsovili; 

b) qsovili-ujredi-organo; 

g) ujredi-qsovili-organo. 

7. ubirTvo organizmebia: 

a) protistebi; 

b) eukariotebi; 

g) prokariotebi. 

8. baqteriebi miekuTvneba: 

a) monerebis samefos; 

b) protistebis samefos; 

g) arqebaqteriebis samefos. 

9. ameba miekuTvneba: 

a) protistebis samefos; 

b) umartivesebis samefos; 

g) cxovelebis samefos. 

10. umartivesebs miekuTvneba: 

a) evglena; 

b) qalamana; 

g) cianobaqteriebi. 

11. ZaRli miekuTvneba: 

a) ZuZumwovrebis samefos; 

b) cxovelebis klass; 

g) ZuZumwovrebis klass. 

64

12. vardi miekuTvneba: 

a) yvavilovan mcenareebs; 

b) gvimrebs; 

g) xavsebs. 

13. sruli metamorfozis SemTxvevaSi, axalSobili organizmi: 

a) gavs mSobels; 

b) ar gavs mSobels; 

g) rCeba ganuviTarebeli. 

14. amfibiebis klass miekuTvneba: 

a) Cxriala gveli; 

b) kobri; 

g) salamandra. 

15. amnioni axasiaTebs: 

a) ZuZumwovrebs; 

b) Tevzebs; 

g) mwerebs. 

16. lokokina ekuTvnis: 

a) mwerebs; 

b) moluskebs; 

g) obobisnairebs. 

17. butko da mtvriana aris mcenaris: 

a) vegetaturi gamravlebis organo; 

b) sqesobrivi gamravlebis organo; 

g) sakvebidan energiis misaRebi organo. 

18. fesviT gamravleba aris: 

a) sqesobrivi gamravlebis nairsaxeoba; 

b) niadagidan wylis Sewovis saSualeba; 

g) usqeso gamravlebis nairsaxeoba. 

19. cocxal ujredze dakvirvebisTvis iyeneben: 

a) mikroskops; 

b) dinamometrs; 

g) saxazavs. 

20. cocxali organizmebis jgufebad gaerTianeba xdeba: 

a) maT mier dakavebuli sacxovrebeli teritoriis farTobis mixedviT; 

b) maT Soris agebulebaSi msgavsebis mixedviT; 

g) maT Soris fizikur sidideebSi – Zalasa da wonaSi msgavsebis mixedviT. 

65

testis pasuxebi 

fizika qimia Bbiologia 

1. a 1. g 1. a 

2 .a 2. a 2. b 

3. b 3. g 3. a 

4. g 4. a 4. a 

5. e 5. g 5. b 

6. b 6. b 6. g 

7. g 7. b 7. g 

8. b 8. a 8. a 

9. b 9. a 9. a 

10. g 10. g 10. b 

11. b 11. g 11. b 

12.e 12. b 12. a 

13 g 13. g 13. b 

14. a 14. g 14. g 

15. b 15. g 15. b 

16. b 16. a 16. b 

17 b 17. a 17. b 

18. d 18. g 18. g 

19. a 19. b 19. a 

20. g 20. 14 20. b 

21. g 

22. b 

66

9. moswavlis wignSi mocemuli savarjiSoebis pasuxebi 

Sesavali 

2. skalari da veqtori (gv. 9) 

pasuxebi: 

1. savaraudod CamoTvlian: saxazavi – sigrZis sazomi, saswori-masis sazomi, saaTi (wammzomi) – drois 

sazomi. 

2. monacemebi ar iqneba erTnairi, radgan moswavleebis fanqrebi ar iqneba erTi zomis. es uCvenebs, rom 

sazomi erTeuli da sazomi xelsawyo unda iyos yvelasTvis erTnairi. am SemTxvevaSi jobda saxazavis 

gamoyeneba. 

3. fuli skalaria, mimarTuleba ar aqvs, aqvs mxolod sidide 

4. � 

5. orive SemTxvevaSi isari mimarTuli iqneba adamianisagan karisaken. mesis SDemTxvevaSi isari ufri grZeli 

iqneba, radgan mesi ufro Zlier daartyams burTs, vidre meSvideklaseli. 

SeniSvna: naxatis xarisxs yuradRebas nu miaqcevT, mTavaria veqtoris sworad gamosaxva. 

4. usafrTxoebis dacva (gv. 14) 

pasuxebi: 

1. niSnebis ganxilvis dros unda daasaxelon, Tu ras aRniSnavs TiToeuli maTgani (rogorc teqstSia) da 

daadasturon am niSnebis codnis aucilebloba. niSnebis gaazrebaSi daexmarebaT maswavleblebi, radgan 

moswavleebma jer maT Sesaxeb TiTqmis araferi ician. am etapze (SesavalSi) Jangva sakmarisia uTxraT, 

rom mJangavi nivTierebebi iwveven sagnebis daJangvas, magaliTad rkinisgan damzadebuli sagnebi kargavs 

bzinvarebas da fuWdeba. wvis xelSemwyobi nivTierebebi ki iwveven xanZris warmoqmnas da gavcelebas. 

afeTqebas moyveba ngreva, adamianebis da sxva cocxali arsebebis sxeulis dazianeba an sikvdili. radiaqtiuri 

da momwamvleli nivTierebic iwveven mZime daavadebas an sikvdils, advilad aalebad nivTierebebs 

cecxli advilad ekideba (magaliTad, spirti) saSiSia xanZris gaCenis TvalsazrisiT, mJavas an tutes 

SeuZlia daazianos kani an Sinagani organoebi (Tu sxeulSi SigniT moxvda). kidev erTxel vimeorebT, rom 

am etapze es informacia sakmarisia. 

2. savaraudod naxavs im xelsawyoebs rac saxelmZRvaneloSia naCvenebi. fizikis xelsawyoebidan Segi- 

ZliaT aCvenoT dinamometri, romelic sasworad gamoiyeneba. sxva, ufro rTuli xelsawyoebi am etapze 

saWiro ar aris. 

3. sworia I da II. 

5. rogor xdeba bunebrivi movlenebis Seswavla (gv. 15) 

pasuxebi: 

1. awonis Rers dawvamde da dawvis Semdeg da Seadarebs monacemebs. Tu aris monacemebs Soris sxvaoba, 

maSasadame masa Secvlila, Tu ar aris sxvaoba – masa ar Secvlila. 

2. moswavleebi advilad xvdebian, rom qveda suraTze naCveneb modelSi burTulebi ufro axlosaa erTmaneTTan 

ganlagebuli. 

6. monacemebis gamosaxva cxrilisa da diagramebis saxiT (gv. 17) 

pasuxebi: 

1. pasuxi winaswar SeuZlebelia. principi mdgomareobs 

sasworis monacemis aRebasa da cxrilSi 

SetanaSi. 

2. haeris temperaturas martSi, aprilSi, maisSi 

martSi 10 0 C, aprilSi 15 0 C da maisSi 20 0 C. 

3. vertikalur RerZze-haeris temperatura ( 0 C), 

horizontalurze Tveebi: 1– agvisto, 2 – seqtemberi, 

3-oqtomberi 

67 

35 

30 

25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

0 

1 2 3

7. venis diagrama (gv. 19) 

pasuxebi: 

1. jon venis sapativcemulod. 

2. msgavsebaSi Caiwereba 5 sarTuli, 300 fanjara, 70 kari, gansxvavebebSi stumrebis raodenoba (erTSi 

200, meoreSi 150). 

3. pasuxi winaswar ver moxerxdeba. principi mdgomareobs WurWlis cal-calke awonvasa da monacemebis 

martiv SedarebaSi. aq yuradReba eqceva, rom moswavle mieCvios monacemebis Caweras. 

4. sagnis moculobis gamosaTvlelad, sanam sagans (survilisamebr- saSleli, fanqari, sxv.) wyalSi 

Caagdebs, menzuris danayofis mixedviT afiqsirebs wylis dones, sagnis Cagdebis Semdeg kvlav afiqsirebs 

wylis dones. doneTa Soris sxvaoba uCvenebs sagnis moculobas. danayofebs unda Sexedos pirdapir da 

ara iribad. 

5. kibeze asvlisTvis patara isari 8-is maCvenebel danayofze qvemoT miuTiTebda, iatakze mjomisTvis 

– 8-is maCvenebel danayofze zemoT. arasworad iRebdnen monacems: unda SeexedaT saaTis isrisTvis 

pirdapir, ara iribad 

6. ar unda gaesinjaT gemo maswavleblis nebarTvis gareSe. 

7. aorTqleba-Rrublis warmoqmna-wvima. 

68

fizika 

8. nivTiereba Sedgeba atomebisa da molekulebisgan (gv. 22) 

pasuxebi: 

1. rkina da wyali. 

2. burTulebi. 

3. atomebi � molekulebi � nivTiereba � sxeulebi. 

9. nivTierebis myari, Txevadi da airadi mdgomareobebi (gv. 25) 

pasuxebi: 

2. a) 

3. saerToa moculoba, gansxvavebaa: myars – mudmivi forma, Txevads – ara. 

4. radgan molekulebsa da atomebs Soris aris Sualedebi, amis mtkiceba swori ar iqneba. 

10. nivTierebis simkvrive. simkvrivis praqtikuli mniSvneloba (gv. 29) 

pasuxebi: 

1. winaswar ver vupasuxebT. 

2. gamiznulad. saburavi unda iyos elastiuri, korpusi – mtkice, sawvavi – denadi. 

11. difuzia (gv. 31) 

pasuxebi: 

1. a) 

2. haerSi, radgan is airia. 

3. myar sxeulebSi difuzia Zalian nela mimdinareobs. 

12. Zala da misi gazomva (gv. 34) 

pasuxebi: 

1. rkina, nikeli, kobalti. 

2. saerToa orive Zalaa, gansxvaveba: erTs SexebiT, meores – Sexebis gareSe. 

3. b) 

13. simZimis da xaxunis Zala (gv. 38) 

pasuxebi: 

1. sferos (burTis) formis. 

2. amuSavebs hidroeleqtro sadgurebs. 

3. moxaxune zedapirebs Soris Seyvanili sapoxi amcirebs xaxuns. 

4. uZraobis xaxunis gareSe manqanis borbali isrialebs da manqana ver amoZravdeba; 

uZraobis xaxunis gamo manqanis borblebi cvdeba; 

5. ver vivliT, xelSi verafers daviWerT, qsovils ver movqsovT, 

6. TviTmfrinavsa da haers Soris; frinvelsa da haers Soris. 

7. tani unda daxaros win, fexiT unda miawves gzas, xaxunis Zala mimarTuli unda iyos fexis miwolis 

sapirispirod. 

8. samive Zala unda iyos momarTuli naCvenebi mimarTulebebis sapirispirod. 

14. drekadobis Zala. hukis kanoni (gv. 42) 

pasuxebi: 

1. ara, imitom, rom gareSe Zalis moqmedebis Sewyvetis Semdeg is formas ver aRidgens. 

2. 1n. 

3. 5sm. 

4. 5000n/m. 

69

15. wneva. wnevis gadacema myar sxeulebSi (gv. 45) 

pasuxebi: 

1. zemodan tvirTis damatebiT. 

2. dawolis SemcirebiT, an farTobis gazrdiT. mag., manqanis saburavebis odnavi daSvebiT wneva gzaze 

Semcirdeba. 

3. raTa is ficriT daawves yinuls da amiT Seamciros wneva yinulze. 

4. blagvi dana purze imoqmedebs naklebi wneviT. 

5. saTiTe amcirebs wnevas TiTze. 

6. 5*10-4n. 

7. 1.33*104pa. 

8. gaivlis. 

pasuxebi: 

1. gacxelebiT. 

2. paskalis kanonis Tanaxmad. 

16. paskalis kanoni (gv. 50) 

17. wneva siTxeebSi. ziarWurWeli (gv. 52) 

pasuxebi: 

1. ara. simkvriveTa sxvaobis gamo. 

3. 1.03*107 pa. 

4. wneva wyalSi = 10000pa; wneva navTSi = 8000pa; wneva vercxliswyalSi =136000pa. 

5. dedamiwis mizidulobis Zala. 

6. pirvel sarTulze wneva 27-jer metia. 

18. paskalis kanoni praqtikaSi (gv. 56) 

pasuxebi: 

1. 4-jer 

2. 20000n. asjer. 

3. wneva milis SigniT da gareT gaTanabrdeba. 

19. siTxisa da airis moqmedeba maTSi CaZirul sxeulebze. atmosferuli wneva (gv. 58) 

pasuxebi: 

1. zeviT afrenisas atmosferuli wneva ecema. arahermetuli safreni aparatidan moxdeba haeris gaJonva. 

2. atmosferul wnevas qmnis dedamiwis mizidulobis Zala. 

20. arqimedes kanoni. sxeulebis curva (gv. 60) 

pasuxebi: 

1. amomgdeb Zalas ganapirobebs dedamiwis mier wylisa da haeris mizidvaA. 

2. dairRveva, radgan maT aqvT sxvadasxva simkvrive da Sesabamisad sxvadasxva iqneba maTze momqmedi 

amomgdebi Zalebi. 

3. 20n. 

4. 2n. 

5. 8-jer. 

7. mariliani wyali ufro mkvrivia. 

8. Tu maTi moculobebi tolia maTze imoqmedebs 13.6-jer meti amomgdebi Zala. 

9. amomgdebi Zala gaizrdeba. 

10. arc erTi ar Seicvleba. 

70

qimia 

21. qimia – bunebismetyvelebis nawili (gv. 64) 

pasuxebi 

1. am savarjiSosaTvis damatebiTi informacia:Tanamedrove adamiani winaprisgan gansxvavebiT, tansacmelis 

dasamzadeblad axal teqnologiebsa da masalas iyenebs. 

2. krosvordis pasuxebi: 

1. Saqari; 2. marili; 3. alumini; 4. rkina; 5. wyali 

3. nivTierebis gardaqmna: xis dawviT naxSiri miiReba Tanmxlebi movlena:siTbo da sinaTle 

4. a)Tanmxlebi movlena:siTbo da sinaTle 

b)gardaqmna:xaWos miReba 

5. gardaqmna 

damatebiTi informacia: 676 wels Zvelma berZnebma arabi dampyroblebis gemebi „qimiuri cecxliT“ 

gadawves.„qimiuri cecxli“ Txevadia da wyalSi ar qreba. am faqtiT gaocebulma arabebma qimiis Seswavla 

daiwyes da mas „alqimia“ uwodes. 

22. movlenebi (gv. 67) 

pasuxebi 

1. a) forma,zoma, nivTiereba 

b) forma, agregatuli mdgomareoba, nivTiereba (2 xazi gausvaT) 

- Seicvala forma,zoma, agregatuli mdgomareoba. 

ar Seicvala nivTiereba . 

- saqme gvaqvs fizikur movlenasTan. 

2. g) 

3. 

fizikuri movlena qimiuri movlena 

puris daWra 

totebis daqucmaceba 

xorcis Sewva 

rkinis daJangva 

xis dawva 

SuSxunis wva 

Q 

23. qimiuri reaqciis niSnebi da pirobebi (gv. 70) 

pasuxebi 

1. b); d) 

2. g) 

3. namcxvris an nebismieri kerZis dasamzadeblad viyenebT ramdenime nivTierebas, romlis erTmaneT- 

Tan Serevis Sedegad viRebT erTgvarovan an araerTgvarovan narevs (fizikuri procesia), magram Tu am 

Serevas axlavs qimiuri reaqciis niSnebi, magaliTad airis gamoyofa , naleqis warmoqmna am SemTxvevaSi 

saqme gvaqvs qimiur reaqciasTan, ris Sedegadac miiReba axali nivTiereba. diasaxlisebi namcxvris momzadebisas 

coms mawvnisa da saWmeli sodis narevs amateben. ris Sedegadac airis buStulebi gamoiyofa da 

mawoni fuvdeba. miRebuli masis airRumelSi moTavsebis Semdeg, mimdinareobs qimiuri reaqciebi da 

warmoiqmneba axali nivTierebebi, gansxvavebuli TvisebebiT. 

4. 

daasabuTe, rom 

mimdinareobis 

movlena 

garegnuli niSani 

movlena fizikuria 

piroba 

an qimiuri 

SeSis nafotebad daqucmaceba meqanikuri zemoqmedeba forma,zoma, 

nivTiereba ar icvleba 

SeSis wva 

gaxureba 

feri, siTbo, sinaTle 

miiReba axali nivTiereba 

wylis duRili 

gaxureba 

agragatuli mdgomareobis Secvla nivTiereba ar icvleba 

rkinis daJangva 

nivTierebebis Sereva forma, zomis, feris Secvla miiReba axali nivTiereba 

SesTavazeT, Seadaron erTmaneTs rkinisa da Jangis Tvisebebi. Caataron martivi eqsperimenti – Seamowmon 

magnitis moqmedeba orive nivTierebaze. 

71

24. wva da Jangva (gv. 72) 

pasuxebi 

1. bunebrivi procesebis Sedegad atmosferoSi Jangbadis Sevseba rom ar xdebodes, haerSi Jangbadi didi 

xnis winaT gamoileoda da dedamiwaze sicocxlec Sewydeboda. sunTqvisaTvis erTi adamiani weliwadSi 

xarjavs 263m 3 Jangbads. Jangbadis aseTi didi raodenobiT xarjvis miuxedavad, misi wili haerSi ar icvleba. 

es aris mwvane mcenareSi mimdinare fotosinTezis Sedegi, romlis drosac gamoiyofa Jangbadi. 

didi raodenobiT Jangbads iZleva zRvebisa da okeaneebis flora. gaufrTxildiT mwvane nargavebs-igi 

janmrTelobis garantia! 

2. damcavi safariT-laqiT an saRebaviT unda davfaroT. 

3. gaTlili kartofili fers icvlis, rac qimiuri reaqciis niSania. qimiuri reaqcia mimdinareobs haerSi 

arsebul Jangbadsa da gaTlili kartofilis SedgenilobaSi Semaval nivTierebas Soris. am cvlilebis 

Tavidan asacileblad gaWrili kartofilis haerTan Sexeba unda SevzRudoT. magaliTad, mWidrod 

SemovaxvioT polieTilenis parki, movaTavsoT wylian jamSi. 

4. xanZars uyuradRebod datovebuli cecxlis kera (koconi, asanTi) iwvevs. haeris maRali temperaturis 

gamo cecxli ekideba torfian Waobebs, radgan iq wvadi airi-meTani gamoiyofa. xanZarTan axlos 

tyeebis, balaxovani safaris, advilad wvadi obieqtebis arseboba xels uwyobs cecxlis gavrcelebas. 

cecxlis gadatanas xels uwyobs aseve qari, haeris Zalian dabali tenianoba, sicxe. uyuradRebod ar 

unda davtovoT cecxlis kera, davicvaT usafrTxoebis wesebi,droulad movimaragoT cecxlsaqrobi 

saSualebebi, gamoviZaxoT saxanZro samsaxuris muSaoba. xanZars siTbos, sinaTlis, kvamlis gamoyofa 

axlavs. xanZris Sedegad nadgurdeba tyeebi da balaxovani safari,Sesabamisad, cxovelebsa da frinvelebs 

safrTxe emuqrebaT. xanZris Casaqrobad iyeneben wyals, qviSas, saqrob qafebs. zogjer xanZris maxloblad 

xelovnurad gamowveuli afeTqeba xels uwyobs xanZris Caqrobas – Jangbadis raodenoba haerSi swrafad 

mcirdeba, rac wvis process anelebs. 

5 . sanTlis wva da sunTqva Jangvis reaqciebs miekuTvneba. orive reaqciis produqts wyali da naxSiror- 

Jangi warmoadgens. sanTlis wvas Tan axlavs siTbos da sinaTlis gamoyofa. sunTqvis dros organizmSi 

mimdinareobs neli Jangvis procesi, rac organizmis sicocxlisunarianobas uzrunvelyofs. 

25. nivTierebis masis mudmivobis kanoni (gv. 75) 

pasuxebi 

1. qimiuri reaqciis dros molekula icvleba – atomebad iSleba, xolo atomi ar icvleba. amrigad, atomi 

nivTierebis qimiurad ganuyofeli nawilakia. aqedan warmodgeba sityva „atomi“, rac ZvelberZnulad 

„ganuyofels“niSnavs. 

2. wylis molekula sam atomiania, Jangbadis-ori. wylis molekula Seicavs ori sxvadasxva saxis sam atoms, 

Jangbadis molekulaSi ki erTi saxis atomebia. 

3 . naxSirbadi+Jangbadi naxSirorJangi 

4. meTani+Jangbadi naxSirorJangi+wyali 

5. masis mudmivobis kanonidan gamomdinare, wyalbadis masa iqneba: 36g-32g=4g 

6. sawonis masaa:232g-168g= 64g. sawonis masa gviCvenebs, ra masis Jangbadi SeuerTda rkinas daJangvisas. 

rkina+ Jangbadi rkinis Jangi 

7. boili cdas TavRia WurWelSi atarebda, ris gamoc WurWlis masas daemata garedan SeRweuli haerSi 

arsebuli Jangbadis masa. WurWlis masa gaizarda imdeniT, ramdeni Jangbadic SeuerTda vercxliswyals. 

pasuxebi 

1. a) – dawdomas, gafiltvras 

b) – gafiltvras 

g) – gamoxdas 

d) – aorTqlebas 

26. wyali (gv. 79) 

72

27. xsnarebi (gv. 82) 

pasuxebi 

1. 

gaxsnili nivTierebis masa gamxsnelis masa xsnaris masa 

2g 50g 52g 

20g 90g 110g 

45g 55g 100g 

2. xsnari iwonis 300g-s. imave raodenobis, radgan bunebaSi araferi ikargeba da arc emateba. 

3. nivTierebis gasufTaveba: narevidan sufTa nivTierebis miReba; 

xsnaridan sufTa nivTierebis miReba: xsnarSi Semavali erT-erTi nivTierebis gamoyofa; 

xsnaris komponentebad dayofa: xsnaris Semadgeneli komponentebis erTmaneTisgan gacalkeveba. 

28. xsnadoba (gv. 85) 

pasuxebi 

1. xsnaris gaxurebiT (wylis aorTqlebiT) an wylis damatebiT. 

2. rac ufro dabalia temperatura, miT ufro metad aris gaxsnili Jangbadi wyalSi da ganapirobebs 

Tevzebis gamravlebas. 

3. 

wyalSi xsnadoba 

360 

330 

300 

270 

240 

210 

180 

150 

120 

90 

60 

30 

pasuxebi 

1. b) 

2. a) 

3. a) 

4. g) 

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 oC 

29. mJava, fuZe da indikatori (gv. 87) 

30. neitralizaciis reaqcia (gv. 90) 

pasuxebi 

1. a)futkris nakbeni Seicavs mJavas Semcvel xsnars, amitom misi ganeitraleba SeiZleba fuZis xsnariT. 

gamoviyeneb sodis wyalxsnars nakbenis dasamuSaveblad. 

b)krazanas nakbeni Seicavs fuZis Semcvel xsnars, amitom misi ganeitraleba SeiZleba mJavis xsnariT. 

gamoviyeneb Zmris wyalxsnars nakbenis dasamuSaveblad. 

2. g) 

73

iologia 

31. erT da mravalujrediani organizmebi (gv. 94) 

pasuxebi 

1. ujredi aris yvela cocxali organizmis agebulebis erTeuli. 

2. ujredi yvela cocxali arsebis agebulebis erTeulia. 

3. mcenaris ujredebi – mravalujrediani organizmia, ameba – erTujrediani. 

4. daixazeba oTxi ujra (wre). aqedan sami isrebiT uerTdeba meoTxes. sam ujraSi iwereba cal-calke 

moswavleTa TiToeuli jgufis mier miRebuli Sedegi, xolo meoTxe ujraSi saerTo daskvna. 

5. TiToeuli jgufi muSaobda cocxali arsebebis erT konkretul jgufze. amitom, erTmaneTTan rom ar 

qonodaT kontaqti ver mividodnen daskvnamde, rom yvela cocxali organizmi ujreduli agebulebisaa. 

6. gamodgeba, radgan qalamanac da amebac ujreduli agebulebisaa. 

proeqti - moswavlem unda asaxos Svanis da Sleidenis werilebSi maTi dakvirvebis Sedegi daaxloebiT am 

stilSi: Zvirfaso kolega, me mikroskopiT davakvirdi mcenareebs (cxovelebs) da davinaxe, rom . . . . mikroskopis 

mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb ityodnen, rom is aZlevs mecniers saSualebas dainaxos TvaliT uxilavi 

sxeulebi da misi wyalobiT moxda ujredis danaxva da ujreduli agebulebis aRmoCena. 

32. ujredi – qsovili – organo – organizmi (gv. 98) 

pasuxebi 

1. ujredi-qsovili-organo. 

2. fesvis ujredi-fesvis qsovili-fesvi. 

3. ujredi-qsovili-organo. 

4. calke ujrebSi (wreebSi) Caiwereba organoebis saxelebi da yvela ujra erTiandeba isriT erT ujraSi, 

sadac iwereba `mcenaris organizmi~. 

5. ameba 

6. qvevidan zeviT: ujredi-qsovili-organo-organizmi. 

33. ujredi ganapirobebs organizmis funqcias da ganviTarebas (gv. 100) 

pasuxebi 

1. funqciurad msgavsi ujredebisagan. 

2. 

• ameba, ZaRli, askili Sedgebian ujredebisgan, maSasadame ujredi yvela cocxali organizmis agebulebis 

erTeulia. 

• qalamana, baqteria, verxvi, adamiani sedgebian ujredebisgan, maSasadame ujredi yvela cocxali organizmis 

agebulebis erTeulia. 

• baqteriebi, cxovelebi, mcenareebi vitardebian sawyisi ujredisagan, maSasadame ujredi yvela cocxali 

organizmis ganviTarebis erTeulia. 

3. isini monawileoben cocxali organizmis gamravlebaSi. 

4. 

ujredi yvela cocxali 

organizmis agebulebis 

erTeulia 

mcenareebi, cxovelebi, ameba, 

baqteriebi, qalamana agebulia ujredebisagan. 


organizmis funqciuri 

erTeulia 

ujredi asrulebs funqciebs, magaliTad 

kunTis ujredi ikumSeba, tvinis 

ujredi imaxsovrebs. ujredebis 

funqcia ganapirobebs organoebis da 

Sesabamisad organizmis funqcias. 

74 


organizmis ganviTarebis 

erTeulia 

ujredebi sawyiss aZleven axal Taobas, 

mag. sasqeso ujredebisgan warmoiqmneba 

axali Taoba, erTujredianebi 

mravldebian ujredis gayofiT. 

5. 

1. kunTs da kans. 

2. kunTis ujredebi TiTistaris formisaa, kanis momrgvalo, erTmaneTTan axlos mijrilia. 

3. kunTi ikumSeba, kani icavs sxeuls. 

4. TiTistarisebri ujredi advilad damokldeba, kanis ujredebi erTmaneTTan axlos mijrilia, rom 

araferi gaataros kanSi da kargad daicvas kanis qveS mdebare organoebi.

34. mcenareuli ujredi (gv. 103) 

pasuxebi 

1. mcenaris ujredis organelebia qloroplastebi, birTvi, vakuoli. 

2. mcenaris organoebs Seferilobas aZlevs vakuolSi da qloroplastebSi moTavsebuli pigmentebi. 

3. mcenare energias moipovebs qloroplastebis da mitoqondriebis saSualebiT. 

4. 

ujredis kedeli 

mitoqondria 

plazmuri 

membrana 

vakuoli 

birTvi 

5. SeuZlia, radgan aqvs mitoqondriebi. 

6. mcenaris mier mzis energiis mopoveba. 

citoplazma 

qromosomebi 

35. sokos da cxoveluri ujredi (gv. 106) 

pasuxebi 

1. ujredis kedeli, romelic icavs ujreds. 

2. sworia I, III, IV debuleba. 

3. atarebs sakveb nivTierebebs garemodan ujredSi. 

4. msgavsebaSi Caiwereba plazmuri membrana, birTvi, mitoqondriebi, vakuoli, pigmentebi, gansvaveba: 

mcenareul ujreds aqvs ujredis kedeli, qloroplastebi, vakuoli ufro didi zomisaa, aqvs fotosin- 

Tezis unari, cxovelis vakuoli ufro mcire zomisaa, ar aqvs qloroplastebi, ar aqvs ujredis kedeli 

5. qloroplastis arsebobas. 

6. marcxena suraTia mcenaris ujredi radgan aqvs ujredis kedeli, qloroplastebi da didi zomis 

vakuoli. 

7. • 3500, 250, 2500 

• kunTis, radgan yvelaze meti mitoqondria aqvs, mitoqondria ki gamoimuSavebs energias 

• kunTi, radgan yvelaze met energias gamoimuSavebs 

8. • kunTSi 10, mcenareSi 1, erTujredian organizmSic 1. 

• ar aris swori, SeiZleba iyos mravalbirTvianic. 

36. umartivesebi da sxva protistebi (gv. 110) 

pasuxebi 

1. mikroskopiT wylis wveTis daTvaliereba Sig amebebis aRmoCenis mizniT. 

2. mravaujredian wyalmcenares ar aqvs qsovilebi. 

3. evglenas eqneba qloroplastebi (qlorofili). 

4. ar aris swori, radgan Solti aqvT umartivesebsac. 

5. • 20000, 50000, 70000, 150000 

• icvleboda, mrudi gviCvenebs. 

• matulobda, mrudi zrdadia (gviCvenebs zrdas). 

• ar icvleboda erTnairad, Tavidan moimata 30000-iT, Semdeg 20000, bolos 80000-iT. 

75

37. baqteriebi, arqebaqteriebi, cianobaqteriebi (gv. 113) 

pasuxebi 

1. eukariotia, birTvi aqvs. 

2. arasworia, pro-da eukariotebi aris zogadad cocxali organizmebis dajgufeba, baqteriebi Sedis 

prokariotebSi. 

3. birTvi eqneba cxovelur ujreds. 

4. cianobaqteriebi da arqeebi ar aris baqteriebis ganStoeba, baqteriebTan erTad isini qmnian erT 

dajgufebas. 

5. Sevadarebdi ujreds kedlis qimiuri agebulebis mixedviT (saubaria qimiur agebulebaze). 

6. wamwamebis saSualebiT baqteriebi emagrebian sxvadasxva sxeuls. 

7. • savarudod baqteriebma. 

• iq ar iyo lpobis baqteriebi. 

• romelic ar dalpa. 

• soko gamoyofs baqteriebis sawinaaRmdego antibiotikur nivTierebebs. 

38. samefoebi. Araujreduli agebulebis organizmebi (gv. 117) 

pasuxebi 

1. aqvs Tu ara qsovilebi. 

2. protistebs. 

3. rogoria ujredis kedlis qimiuri Sedgeniloba. 

4. aqvs Tu ara qloroplastebi (amiT gamoirCeva cxovelebisgan, umartivesebisgan da sokoebisgan), aqvs 

Tu ara qsovilebi (amiT gamoirCeva wyalmcenareebisagan) aqvs Tu ara Solti (amiT gamoirCeva evglenasgan). 

5. Solti evglenasac aqvs da qlamidomonadasac, amitom daisvas kiTxva: aqvs Tu ara qloroplasti 

6. aqvs Tu ara ujredis kedeli 

7. viruss ar aqvs ujreduli agebuleba, yvela sxva cocxali organizmi ki ujredebisgan Sedgeba 

8. viruss aqvs cocxali organizmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli nukleinis mJavebi 

proeqti- savaraudod es iqneba iseTi organizmebi, romlebic advili SesamCnevia: cxovelebi, mcenareebi, 

sokoebi. am asakSi moswavleebma ician maTi amocnoba da dajgufebac ar gauWirdebaT. 

39. ZuZumwovrebis klasi (gv. 121) 

pasuxebi 

1. aqvs balani. 

2. is ZuZuTi kvebavs naSiers. 

3. kani da balani icavs ZuZumwovrebs gamoSrobisgan. 

4. mindvris Tagvis raodenobas 12000-2003 wlebSi. 

5. klebaa 2001 da 2002-Si, ar icvleba 2000-dan 2003 –Si sworad asaxavs. 

6. Zroxisgan mowvelili rZis raodenoba: 

10.08.2010 11.08.2010 12.08.2010 13.08.2010 

14 l. 11 17 17 

diagramis svetis forma (oTxkuTxedi, piramida) 

moswavlis arCevanzea damokidebuli. vertikalur 

RerZze- rZis raodenoba (l), horizontalurze- dakvirvebis 

TariRi. 

76 

18 

16 

14 

12 

10 

8 

6 

4 

2 

0 

1 2 3 4

pasuxebi 

1. 

samefo cxovelebi 

ZuZumwovrebis klasi qvewarmavlebis klasi 

40. qvewarmavlebis klasi (gv. 125) 

2. aris Tu ara mTeli sxeuli qercliT dafaruli. 

3. msgavsebaSi Caiwereba: orive cxovelia, xmeleTze gamravleba, kbilebi, filtvebi, gansxvavebaSi iwereba: 

ZuZumwovrebSi naSieris ZuZuTi kveba, sxeuli amarTulia, kbilebi 3-nairi formis, qvewarmavlebSi – sxeuli 

dafarulia qercliT, axlos aris miwasTan, aqvT erTnairi formis kbilebi 

4. savaraudod ZuZumwovrebi iqneba Sinauri cxovelebi da kidev mgeli, ciyvi, Txunela da sxv. qvewarmavlebi: 

ankara, xvliki. 

5. • zambezis da nilosis napirze TiTo ninagis mier monadiebuli antilopebis raodenobas 2008-2010 

wlebSi 

• zambezi: 32, nilosi: 20 

• zambezis napirze 

6. • kaliebis da mwvane xvlikis raodenobas 2000-2003 wlebSi sof. dolianSi 

• klebulobda 

• klebulobda 

• Sxamiani nivTiereba klavda kaliebs 

• xvliki ikvebeba kaliebiT da savaraudod, sakvebis SemcirebasTan erTad xvlikis raodenobam iklo 

• kaliebis raodenobis klebis paralelurad xvlikis raodenobis kleba 

vertikalur Rerze cxovelebis raodenoba, horizontalur RerZze – dakvirvebis wlebi: 

2500 

2000 

1500 

1000 

500 

0 

2000 2001 2002 2003 

7. qvewarmavlebs, aqvs qvewarmavlisTvis damaxasiaTebeli kbilebi – yvela erTi formis. 

41. frinvelebis klasi (gv. 129) 

pasuxebi 

1. savaraudod iqneba qaTami, indauri, mtredi, yvavi, beRura, mercxali, SaSvi, kaWkaWi, ofofi. 

2. bumbuli. 

3. aqvs Tu ara kbilebi. 

4. Cans bumbulis formis naWdevi. 

5. damoukidebeli: kruxis misma. 

damokidebuli: – imprintingi. 

6. erT jgufs mivusvaT kruxi gamoCekisTanave, meores gamoCekidan 3 dRis Semdeg da vnaxoT, romels 

eqneba imprintingi. Tu pirvel jgufs eqna da meores ara (an piriqiT) e.i. dros mniSvneloba aqvs. sinamdvileSi 

aucilebelia dainaxos gamoCekidan saSualod 12 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, mogvianebiT imprintingi 

aRar viTardeba. 

7. TanmimdevrobiT zevidan qveviT: 2, 4, 1, 3 

77

42. amfibiebis da Tevzebis klasi (gv. 133) 

pasuxebi 

1. kiduris nacvlad aqvs farfli, qercliTaa dafaruli. 

2. zevidan qveviT: qvewarmavali, Tevzi, ZuZumwovari, amfibia. 

3. pirveli 3 debuleba sworia. 

4. maTi kani ver icavs sxeuls gamoSrobisgan. 

5. tiranozavri xmeleTze cxovrobda Tu wyalSi 

layuebiT sunTqavda Tu filtvebiT. 

6. lorwo amcirebs xaxuns sxeulsa da wyals Soris. 

pirvel proeqtSi moswavles SeuZlia daajgufos erTad mag. lomebi, an maimunebi, zvigenebi, oqros 

Tevzebi, arwivebi, kolibrebi da sxv. aq maT eZlevaT Tavisufleba Tavad SearCion dajgufebis kriteriumebi 

da imsjelon amis Sesaxeb klasSi 

meore proeqtSi: vefxvis TaTi didi zomisaa, SeiaraRebulia klanWebiT, rac nadirobasTanaa dakav- 

Sirebuli, Txunelas TaTebi miwis saTxreladaa momarjvebuli, maimunis TaTi ki xeebze cocvasTan, 

(totze CaWidebasTan) sagnebis kiduriT aRebasTan da gamoyenebasTan (srola, dartyma) aris adaptirebuli. 

43. uxerxemlo cxovelebi fexsaxsrianebi (gv. 137) 

pasuxebi 

1. aqvT frTebi da SeuZliaT frena. 

2. moskiti, tkipi. 

3. frTebi, 3 nawilad danawevrebuli sxeuli. 

4. am monacemebiT cxrili: 

afrikaSi malariiT daavadebulebis raodenoba sxvadasxva sezonze 

gazafxuli zafxuli zamTari 

70 000 65 000 2000 

80000 

70000 

60000 

50000 

40000 

30000 

20000 

10000 

0 

1 2 3 

vertikalur RerZze – malariiT daavadebulebis raodenoba, horizontalur RerZze: 1-gazafxuli, 

2-zafxuli, 3-zamTari. 

5. SesaZlebelia, radgan diagramis mixedviT yvelaze xSiria daavadeba Tbil periodSi – gazafxulze da 

zafxulSi , vidre civ periodSi – zamTarSi. 

6. araqne qsovda da obobac qsovs qsels. leqsikonSi naxaven, rom es sityva aRniSnavs obobas. 

78

pasuxebi 

1. arcerTi pasuxi ar aris swori 

2. mcdaria I da II debuleba 

3. 

uxerxemlo cxovelebi 

obobasnairebis klasi 

jvriani oboba 

44. sxva uxerxemlo cxovelebi (gv. 141) 

mwerebis klasi 

drozofila 

4. Sinaarsi ar Seesabameba realobas: rvafexa ar aRwevs aseT zomebs, ar angrevs kedlebs rogorc naxatzea, 

ar binadrobs adamianebze, miTumetes xmeleTze, ar cxovrobs tyeSi, arc tbaSi. 

45. saxeoba (gv. 144) 

pasuxebi 

1. cxovelebi-frinvelebi-mexeuri mercxali. 

2. afrikuli spilosgan gansxvavebiT, aziuris sxeuli gacilebiT mcire zomisaa, yurebic gacilebiT 

patara aqvs, Tavze SeimCneva ori borcvi. (sasurvelia moswavles mosTxovoT amoicnos rac SeiZleba 

meti gansxvaveba. eSvis sigrZeSi sxvaoba metad umniSvneloa). 

4. macxniv kidiani, majvniv-ruxi (feris da kudis formis muclis gamo). 

5. ar aris swori, radgan yvela obobas sazogadod 8 fexi aqvT. 

6. moswavleebi Canaxats gaakeTeben rogorc Zleben, magram sasurvelia aisaxos teqstSi miTiTebuli 

niSnebi. mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdebian sxeulis masiT, simaRliT, eSvis formiT. 

46. sqesobrivi da usqeso gamravleba (gv. 148) 

pasuxebi 

1. qveda suraTze, aqvs Solti. spermatozoidis garda arc erT cxovelur ujreds Solti ar aqvs. 

2. aqvs Tu ara amnion. 

3. sworia III debuleba. 

4. sworia II debuleba. 

5. SesaZlebelia xmeleTze cxovrebas daukavSirdes naWuWiT dafaruli kvercxiT an cocxalmSobiarobiT 

gamravleba. orive SemTxvevaSi Canasaxi daculia gamoSrobisgan. 

6. • orive maCvenebeli gaizarda 2002 wels da Semcirda 2003 wels. 

• savaraudod ukeT kveba zrdis dadebuli kvercxis raodenobas, radgan kvercxis raodenoba da 

monadirebuli antilopebis raodenoba icvleba zustad erTmaneTis pirdapir proporciulad. 

47. sruli da arasruli metamorfozi (gv. 152) 

pasuxebi 

1. arasruli. 

2. marcxniv – arasruli, marjvniv – sruli. 

3. muxluxo aris sruli metamorfozis procesSi myofi larva, romelic daWuprdeba da TandaTan gardaiqmneba 

mwerad. 

4. damokidebulia Tavkombalas zrdasrul bayayad gadaqceva 

damoukidebelia – wyalsatevis wylis temperatura. 

5. Sua zolSi, sadac haeris temperatura savaraudod ufro marali iqneba (moswavleebma ician wina klasebidan) 

6. Canasaxi ukeT aris daculi dazianebisagan. 

79

48. protistebis, monerebis gamravleba. ujredis gayofa (gv. 155) 

pasuxebi 

1. sworia I debuleba. 



4. sworia III debuleba. 

5. icvleba, matulobs 

larvis mwerad Camoyalibebas. 

6. sworia I debuleba. 

7. damokidebuli cvladia baqteriis gamravlebis intensioba, damoukidebeli – temperatura. vertikalur 

RerZze: ujredis gayofis raodenoba wuTSi, horizontalurze – temperatura 0 C. 

25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

0 

10 o C 20 o C 35 o C 

49. mcenareTa klasifikacia (gv. 158) 

pasuxebi 

1. nayofis ar arseboba. 

2. ginkgos Tesli. 

3. nayofis arseboba. 

4. savaraudod daarqmeven qarTul an imerul (imereTis) muxas. moswavlis pasuxi yvela am variantSi 

mi saRebia, Tumca namdvili saxelia imeruli muxa. 

5. sxvadasxva feris da formis nayofi aqvs. 

6. dasajgufeblad SeiZleba gamoiyenos niSnebi: yvavilis arseboba, girCis arseboba, foToli (farTo an 

wiwvi, ginkgo savaraudod ar SexvdebaT arsad). 

50. mcenareebis gamravleba (gv. 162) 

pasuxebi 

1. fesvis Reros foTlis arseboba, Teslis warmoqmnis unari (Tumca es ukanaskneli ar aris absoluturi, 

radgan aris iseTi mcenareebi, romlebic Tesls ar warmoqmnian) 

2. I da III mcdaria 

3. mcenarisaa, cxovelisas (spermatozoids Solti aqvs da suraTidanac ician, rogor gamoiyureba). 

4. zeda – jvaredini damtverviT – butko mtvrianaze maRalia da amitom sakuTari mtveri Znelad Tu 

daeyreba, qveda – TviTmtveriaa, butko mtvrianaze dabalia da mtveri advilad daeyreba. 

5. damokidebuli cvladia – aRmonacenis simaRle, damoukidebelia – morwyva, wyali xels uwyobs zrdas. 

51. vegetaturi gamravleba (gv. 165) 

pasuxebi 

1. saerTo nawilSi (msgavseba): orive xorcieldeba ujredebis monawileobiT da warmoqmnis axal Taobas. 

gansxvavebebSi: sqesobrivi xorcieldeba sasqeso ujredebis SerwmiT, vegetaturi – ara sasqeso ujredebis 

gamravlebiT. 

2. namyeni iviTarebs orive mcenaris niSnebs. 

3. usqesoa, radgan kultura vitardeba ara sasqeso ujredebidan (fesvis, Reros, foTlis). 

80

4. miesadageba, radgan es cxovelebi adamianis gamoyvanilia veluri saxeobebidan. 

proeqti – evropelebma evropuli vazi daamynes amerikulis Zirze. amitom vazi gaxda gamZle filoqseras 

mimarT da amavdroulad, nayofma SeinarCuna evropuli vazis Tvisebebi. 

52. wiTel wignSi Setanili cocxali organizmebi (gv. 168) 

pasuxebi 

1. lomis raodenoba klebulobs, amgvarad is wiTel wignSia Sesatani (Setanilia kidec). 

2. SeumcirdebaT sacxovrebeli teritoria da es cudad imoqmedebs maTze, daakldebaT sakvebi, adgili 

gamravlebisaTvis da sxv. 

3. mdinareebSi iyreba sakvebis narCeni, qarxnebis narCeni, mas Wams Tevzi da Tevzis organizmSi grovdeba 

momwamvleli nivTierebi. 

4. TevzSi dagrovili momwamvleli nivTierebebi wamlavs adamians. 

5. anakonda arasodes ar izrdeba 30 m-mde, ar erCis adamians, ar gamoyofs Sxams da ar miekuTvneba Sxamian 

gvelebs. 

81

gamoyenebuli literatura 

1. 2011-2016 wlebis erovnuli saswavlo gegma da sagnobrivi standarti. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis 

saministro. 

2. sawavlo da profesiuli garemo, masw. prof. ganviTarebis centri. Tbilisi 2008 w. 

3. «Вопросы психологии». Москва 2000 г. 

4. «Педагогика» Учебник нового века. Москва. 2000 г. 

5. http://gearn.blogspot.com/2008/09/gearn.html 

6. loom, B., Englehart, M. Furst, E., Hill, W., & Krathwohl, D. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification 

of educational goals. Handbook I: Cogni¬tive domain. New York, Toronto: Longmans, Green. 

7. uznaZe, d. bavSvis fsiqologia (1967 w), saskolo asakis fsiqologia, uznaZis Sromebi, tomi xuTi, 

Tbilisi, mecniereba. 

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maswavleblis wigni

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