ierusalimis jvris monastris moxatuloba

ACADEMIA<br />

<strong>ierusalimis</strong> <strong>jvris</strong> monasters gansakuTrebuli<br />

adgili uWiravs im eklesiamonastrebs<br />

Soris, romlebic wminda miwaze<br />

qarTvelTa moRvaweobasTan aris dakav-<br />

Sirebuli. <strong>jvris</strong> <strong>monastris</strong> taZarSi Semonaxulia<br />

adreqristianuli xanis iatakis<br />

mozaikis naSTebi, sxvadasxva periodSi<br />

Sesrulebuli kedlis mxatvroba da gviani<br />

Sua saukuneebis mravalricxovani xatebi.<br />

wminda miwis eqspediciis samuSao programaSi<br />

sagangebo yuradReba swored kedlis<br />

mxatvrobis Seswavlas daeTmo.<br />

es <strong>moxatuloba</strong> didi xania ipyrobda<br />

mkvlevarTa yuradRebas. cnobebi mis Sesaxeb<br />

da moxatulobis Canaxatebi Tu fotoebi<br />

moipoveba t. gabaSvilis, n. CubinaSvilis,<br />

al. cagarlis, p. konWoSvilis, n. maris, n.<br />

kondakovis naSromebSi. specialuri gamokvleva<br />

miuZRvna am <strong>moxatuloba</strong>s a. baum-<br />

Starkma. igi moxsenebulia S. amiranaSvilis<br />

naSromSi qarTuli xelovnebis Sesaxeb. am<br />

<strong>moxatuloba</strong>s istoriul pirTa gamosaxulebebis<br />

TvalsazrisiT ganixilaven k. kekeliZe<br />

da p. ingoroyva. amave kuTxiTaa igi<br />

ganxiluli s. kakabaZisa da e. metrevelis<br />

naSromebSi. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani<br />

aris 1960 wels qarTvel mecnierTa mier (a.<br />

SaniZe, g. wereTeli, i. abaSiZe) ierusalimSi<br />

mogzaurobidan Camotanili masala, romlis<br />

safuZvelze gamoica T. virsalaZis monografiuli<br />

naSromi. <strong>jvris</strong> <strong>monastris</strong> kedlis<br />

mxatvrobas swavlobs germaneli mecnieri<br />

g. kiuneli, xolo berZenma mecnierma v.<br />

caferisma gamosca bukleti moxatulobis<br />

aRweriTa da feradi fotoebiT.<br />

gamoqveynebul naSromebs Soris CvenTvis<br />

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani da arsebiTia<br />

q-n T. virsalaZis gamokvleva. mkvlevars,<br />

samwuxarod, adgilze ar unaxavs mxatvroba<br />

da mxolod samecniero literaturaSi<br />

arsebuli aRwerebis, Sav-TeTri fotoebisa<br />

26<br />

mariam didebuliZe<br />

mzia janjalia<br />

g. CubinaSvilis sax. qarTuli xelovnebis istoriis instituti<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia<br />

<strong>ierusalimis</strong> <strong>jvris</strong> <strong>monastris</strong> <strong>moxatuloba</strong><br />

da g. patarais mier gadaRebuli dokumenturi<br />

filmis mixedviT msjelobda masze. miuxedavad<br />

amisa, man gamoyo da sworad daa-<br />

TariRa mxatvrobis ori ferweruli Sre<br />

da zustad daaxasiaTa es Zegli. amis garda,<br />

T. virsalaZis wignSi Tavmoyrilia <strong>moxatuloba</strong>sTan<br />

dakavSirebuli istoriuli<br />

cnobebi, sxvadasxva mecnieris mosazrebaTa<br />

mimoxilva, mocemulia gamosaxulebaTa da<br />

im fragmentebis aRwera, romlebic dRes<br />

faqtobrivad aRar arsebobs. samwuxarod,<br />

qarTvel xelovnebaTmcodneTaTvis <strong>jvris</strong><br />

<strong>monastris</strong> kedlis mxatvrobis saTanado<br />

mecnieruli Seswavla adgilze didi xnis<br />

ganmavlobaSi SeuZlebeli iyo. eqspediciis<br />

wevrTa erTkviriani muSaobis miznad swored<br />

am xarvezis SeZlebisdagvarad Sevseba da<br />

moxatulobis pirveladi Seswavla daisaxa.<br />

eqspediciis Sedegad gamoikveTa Semdgomi<br />

kvlevis konkretuli mimarTulebebi da<br />

problematika, rac filologebis, istorikosebis,<br />

paleografebis, mxatvrobisa da<br />

arqiteqturis istorikosebis erTobliv<br />

muSaobas gulisxmobs. qarTvel xelovnebis<br />

istorikosTa mier moxda mxatvrobis<br />

mizanmimarTuli daTvaliereba-aRwera,<br />

1. <strong>jvris</strong> <strong>monastris</strong> taZris interieri.<br />

xedi aRmosavleTisaken (foto d. cxadaZis)

---

2. wm. ioane damaskeli. XVI s. (foto d. cxadaZis)<br />

gakeTda foto da grafikuli dokumentacia.<br />

sagangebo yuradReba mieqca im<br />

stilistur Tu teqnologiur detalebs,<br />

romlebic moxatulobis TariRis dasadgenad<br />

aris mniSvnelovani. moxda mxatvrobaSi<br />

gvian CarevaTa didi nawilis<br />

identifikacia da maTi xasiaTis gansazRvra.<br />

<strong>jvris</strong> <strong>monastris</strong> kedlis mxatvrobis<br />

stilisturi analizi da, Sesabamisad,<br />

sxvadasxva fenis identificireba da<br />

daTariReba Zalian Zneldeba misi dRevandeli<br />

mdgomareobis gamo: mravalgzis<br />

gadawerili da gacxovelebuli, "Sesworebul-galamazebuli"<br />

moxatulobis<br />

nawili Tavdapirveli saxiT aRar gvevlineba.<br />

amitom mxatvrobis teqnikuri<br />

kvlevis Catarebamde zogi sakiTxi kvlav<br />

Riad, hipoTezebis doneze darCeba.<br />

mecnierTa Soris aris azrTa sxvadasxvaoba<br />

ferweruli fenebis daTariRebis<br />

Sesaxeb. a. baumStarki, Tumca ZiriTadad<br />

ikonografiul monacemebze dayrdnobiT,<br />

miuTiTebda garkveul qronologiur<br />

sxvaobas sxvadasxva nawilebs Soris da<br />

XI-XII ss-iTac ki aTariRebda calkeul<br />

fragmentebs. am azrs S. amiranaSvilic<br />

iziarebda. g. kiuneli mTel <strong>moxatuloba</strong>s<br />

erT periodSi, kerZod ki XVII s-Si<br />

Sesrulebulad miiCnevs da gansxvavebebs<br />

27<br />

<strong>ierusalimis</strong> <strong>jvris</strong> <strong>monastris</strong> <strong>moxatuloba</strong><br />

mxolod ostatTa xelweris sxvadasxvaobiT<br />

xsnis. mxolod samxreT TaRTan SerCenil<br />

erT fragments miiCnevs igi XI s-is<br />

moxatulobis narCenad. q-ni T. virsalaZe<br />

damajereblad ganasxvavebs XIV da XVII s-<br />

Ta mxatvrobas. h. svarcenski bostonis<br />

muzeumSi dacul fragmentebs XI s-iT<br />

aTariRebs. q-ni e. metreveli, <strong>jvris</strong> <strong>monastris</strong><br />

aRapebis Seswavlis safuZvelze,<br />

SoTa rusTavelis portretis Sesrulebis<br />

TariRad XII-XIII ss-Ta mijnas miiCnevs da<br />

gamoTqvams mosazrebas, rom igi gadaweril<br />

iqna XIV s-Si, xolo misi warwera XVII s-<br />

Si ganaaxles.<br />

eqspediciis winaswari Sedegebi moxatulobis<br />

Sesaxeb aqamde gamoTqmuli<br />

mosazrebebisagan ramdenadme gansxvavebul<br />

suraTs iZleva. moxatulobis stilisturma<br />

analizma gviCvena, rom kedlis mxatvrobaSi<br />

SesaZlebelia sami qronologiuri fenis<br />

garCeva. erTi udavod paleologosuri<br />

stilis mxatvrobaa, XIV s-isa, meore<br />

udavod XVII s-is, nikifore ColoyaSvilis<br />

droindeli (am jgufSi ramdenime ostatis<br />

xelwera gairCeva), rogorc amas asabuTebda<br />

T. virsalaZe.<br />

mxatvrobis dakvirvebiT Seswavlam<br />

dagvarwmuna, rom am ori qronologiuri<br />

fenisagan bevri niSniT sxvaobs samxreTdasavleTi<br />

burjis mxatvroba, anu moxatulobis<br />

is nawili, sadac SoTa rusTavelisa<br />

da sxva, dRemde SemorCenili votivuri<br />

gamosaxulebebia moTavsebuli da<br />

samxreT-aRmosavleTi burjis amJamad Camoxsnili<br />

fragmenti, romelic axla samxreTis<br />

kedelze kidia.<br />

3. samxreT-dasavleTi burjis aRmosavleTi<br />

waxnagis <strong>moxatuloba</strong>. XVI s. (foto d. cxadaZis)

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ACADEMIA<br />

kompoziciurad, figurebis dayenebis<br />

maneriT, figuraTa proporciebiT es<br />

gamosaxulebani gansxvavdeba XIV s-is<br />

fragmentebisagan. am ukanasknelebSi<br />

wyviladi figurebi mkacrad frontaluria,<br />

Zalian dagrZelebuli proporciebisa,<br />

Txeli da sifrifana, ferweruli damuSavebis<br />

manerac wminda paleologosuria,<br />

Warbobs sufTa, naTeli, mJReri ferebi,<br />

saxeTa da figuraTa damuSaveba wvrili,<br />

basri xazebisa da gamoTeTrebebis mwyobr<br />

sistemazea agebuli. fragmentebSi votivuri<br />

gamosaxulebebiT, piriqiT, Tavisuflad<br />

mdgomi wmindanebi erTmaneTisaken Setrialebulad<br />

arian gamosaxulni, maT ufro<br />

damjdari proporciebi aqvT da ufro<br />

"masiurni" Canan. koloriti ufro muqi da<br />

"Camqralia", formaTa damuSaveba ufro<br />

farTo ferweruli monasmebiT iqmneba.<br />

amave dros, es fragmentebi XVII s-is<br />

mxatvrobisganac Zalian gansxvavdeba. XVII<br />

s-is mxatvrobaSi TvalSi sacemia ferTa<br />

"yru" JReradoba, erTgvari "monoqromuloba"<br />

yavisfris, nacrisfris, oqris<br />

siWarbiT. formis damuSaveba saRebavis<br />

sqeli "comiseburi" laqebiT, ganaTebuli<br />

da CaCrdiluli nawilebis mkveTri<br />

kontrastiT xdeba; sakmaod mouxeSavia<br />

naxati, pozebic TiTqos gayinuli an<br />

gaumarTavia, arabunebrivi. am figurebs<br />

udavod akliaT is monumenturoba da<br />

didebuleba, rac samxreT-dasavleTi<br />

burjis figurebs gaaCniaT, romlebic<br />

amJamindeli gadaweril-ganaxlebuli<br />

saxiTac ki, ufro XVI s-is kretul-aTonur<br />

moxatulobebs emsgavseba.<br />

Sesabamisad, mxatvrobis am nawilis<br />

daTariReba XVI saukuniTaa SesaZlebeli.<br />

aRsaniSnavia, rom samxreT-dasavleT burjze<br />

iseve, rogorc interieris sxva monakveTebSi,<br />

dadasturda moxatulobis<br />

qveda fenis arseboba (zogan orisac ki).<br />

xolo es detali kidev ufro savaraudos<br />

xdis, rom SoTa rusTavelis sayovelTaod<br />

cnobili da esoden sakamaTo gamosaxuleba,<br />

SesaZloa, bevrad Zvel, daaxloebiT<br />

qtitoris droindel gamosaxulebas imeorebdes.<br />

aRsaniSnavia, rom wminda miwaze votivuri<br />

gamosaxulebebis tradicia arsebobda<br />

(beTlemis Sobis taZris svetebis<br />

XII s-is freskebi), maSin rodesac qarTul<br />

mxatvrobaSi is ar gvxvdeba, gviani Sua<br />

saukuneebis xatebs Tu ar CavTvliT. ase<br />

28<br />

rom, ar aris gamoricxuli, <strong>jvris</strong> <strong>monastris</strong><br />

taZris momxatvelebs am tradiciis gavleniT<br />

SeesrulebinaT SoTa rusTavelisa<br />

da sxva qtitorebis mcire zomis votivuri<br />

figurebi wmindanebis didi zomis figuraTa<br />

ferxTiT.<br />

Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT, rom votivuri<br />

portretebi gamosaxuli piris<br />

sicocxleSive sruldeboda xolme, Zalauneburad<br />

gvaxsendeba Cvens istoriaSi<br />

moxsenebuli faqti Tamar mefis diplomatiuri<br />

molaparakebebisa saladinTan <strong>jvris</strong><br />

<strong>monastris</strong> qarTvelTaTvis SenarCunebis<br />

Taobaze, rasac, SesaZloa, garkveuli<br />

aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis Catarebac mohyoloda<br />

da swored im dros SeiZleboda SoTa<br />

rusTavelic Casuliyo wminda miwaze.<br />

ase rom, <strong>moxatuloba</strong>Si SeiZleba gamovyoT<br />

sami qronologiuri jgufi:<br />

I. Crdilo-dasavleTi (garda CrdiloeTi<br />

waxnagisa) da Crdilo–aRmosavleTi<br />

burjebisa da afsidis pilastrebis<br />

<strong>moxatuloba</strong>. (paleologosTa droindeli,<br />

XIV s-is);<br />

II. samxreT-dasavleTi burjis dasavleTi<br />

da aRmosavleTi waxnagebis <strong>moxatuloba</strong><br />

(aseve amJamad samxreT kedelze Camoki-<br />

4. samxreT-dasavleTi burjis aRmosavleTi<br />

waxnagis <strong>moxatuloba</strong>. XVI s. (foto d. cxadaZis)

---

5. wm. ioane naTlismcemeli. XIV s. (foto d.<br />

cxadaZis)<br />

debuli fragmenti) SoTa rusTavelisa da<br />

sxva votivuri gamosaxulebebiTurT (savaraudod<br />

XVI saukunisa);<br />

III. XVII s-Si Sesrulebuli dasavleTi<br />

kedlis, afsidisa da bemis <strong>moxatuloba</strong>,<br />

agreTve danarCeni burjebis waxnagebisa<br />

da TaRebis <strong>moxatuloba</strong>. am bolo jgufSi<br />

Sesrulebis maneris mixedviT ramdenime<br />

qve-jgufi gamoiyofa. amave jgufs ganekuTvneba<br />

mariam dedoflis gamosaxuleba<br />

sakurTxevlis pilastrze macxovris figuris<br />

ferxTiT (XIV s.), romelic amJamad<br />

nawilobriv "amoWrilia" da srulad<br />

mxolod fotoebze aris SemorCenili.<br />

<strong>monastris</strong> istoriaSi dafiqsirebulia<br />

ramdenime etapi, roca iq aRmSeneblobaganaxleba<br />

mimdinareobda da, Sesabamisad,<br />

kedlis mxatvrobis Sesruleba-ganaxlebac<br />

xdeboda. TiTqmis ueWvelia, rom XI s-Si<br />

taZris agebisas igi moixateboda kidec,<br />

Tumca amJamad Zneli saTqmelia, rogori<br />

iyo imdroindeli moxatulobis Semadgenloba,<br />

ramdenad imeorebs amJamindeli<br />

mxatvroba Zvel programas. meore istoriulad<br />

dadasturebuli faqti, romelic<br />

ukavSirdeba <strong>moxatuloba</strong>s, aris<br />

XIV saukuneSi <strong>monastris</strong> dabruneba<br />

qarTvelebis mier da misi moxatva. mesame,<br />

aseve dokumenturad dadasturebuli faq-<br />

29<br />

<strong>ierusalimis</strong> <strong>jvris</strong> <strong>monastris</strong> <strong>moxatuloba</strong><br />

tia nikifore ColoyaSvilis mier taZris<br />

ganaxleba da Tavidan moxatva XVII s-Si.<br />

XVI s-Si taZris an mxatvrobis ganaxlebasTan<br />

dakavSirebuli raime dokumenti<br />

an Tundac gadmocema ar arsebobs, Tumca<br />

es sruliad ar gamoricxavs amis SesaZleblobas.<br />

amJamad ferwera SemorCenilia taZris<br />

afsidSi, bemaSi, burjebze, TaRebis sofitebSi,<br />

dasavleTi kedlis qveda nawilSi.<br />

ramdenime fragmenti, rogorc<br />

cnobilia, Camoxsnil iqna XX s-is 80-iani<br />

wlebis bolos da gaiyida. isini inaxeboda<br />

kerZo koleqciebSi, saidanac ramdenime<br />

fragmenti bostonis muzeumma SeiZina,<br />

ramdenime ki SeZenil iqna qarTveli mecenatebis<br />

mier (s. orjonikiZe, b. patarkaciSvili)<br />

da gadaeca saqarTvelos eklesias.<br />

garda amisa, monasterSic aris Senaxuli<br />

kedlebidan Camoxsnili fragmentebi, romelTa<br />

daTvaliereba da Seswavla ar<br />

moxerxda, vinaidan maT sakonservacio<br />

Sreebi aqvT dakruli.<br />

ase rom, 1960 welTan SedarebiT, roca<br />

qarTvel mecnierTa jgufma gadaiRo T.<br />

virsalaZis monografiaSi gamoqveynebuli<br />

Sav-TeTri fotoebi, ferweruli ansambli<br />

sakmaod nakluli saxiT warmogvidgeba.<br />

Tu samecniero literaturaSi arsebul<br />

cnobebs, 1960 wlis eqspediciis masalebs da<br />

dReisaTvis taZarSi SemorCenil fragmentebs<br />

SevajerebT, <strong>jvris</strong> <strong>monastris</strong> taZris<br />

<strong>moxatuloba</strong> Semdegnairad warmogvidgeba:<br />

sakurTxevlis afsidSi <strong>moxatuloba</strong> ar<br />

SemorCa, Tumca mis zeda nawilSi gaWrili<br />

sami sarkmlis Tavze da maT Soris gairCeva<br />

frontalurad mdgom figuraTa mkrTali<br />

"aCrdilebi", romelTa identificireba<br />

SesaZloa moxerxdes xaraCoebidan Zlieri<br />

ganaTebiT daTvalierebisas.<br />

6. Teodose mangleli reviSvili. XVII s. (foto<br />

d. cxadaZis)

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ACADEMIA<br />

sakurTxevlis bemis jvrul kamaraze<br />

gamosaxuli iyo RmrTismSoblis cikli:<br />

amJamad mkrTalad gairCeva "ioakimes<br />

xarebisa" da "anas xarebis" kompoziciebi<br />

CrdiloeT mxares da sakmaod kargad -<br />

"taZrad miyvaneba" bemis samxreTi kedlis<br />

zeda nawilSi (XVII s.). bemis CrdiloeT<br />

kedelze, zeda registrSi "mariamis didebis"<br />

scenaa (XVII s.), romlis qveS ramdenime<br />

rigad Rrublebis zolebiT gamoyofili<br />

marTalTa naxevarfigurebia (XVII s.). Zveli<br />

aRwerebiT, bemaSi gamosaxuli iyo <strong>jvris</strong><br />

istoriasTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime<br />

scena ("lotisaTvis sami rtos gadacema<br />

abraamis mier", "elene dedoflis mier <strong>jvris</strong><br />

mopoveba"), romlebic amJamad aRar arsebobs.<br />

sakurTxevlis pilastrebis dasavleT<br />

(darbazisaken mimarTul) waxnagebze gamosaxulia<br />

fexze mdgomi RmrTismSobeli<br />

odigitria (XIV s. sakurTxevlidan marcxniv),<br />

xolo marjvniv ki _ qriste-pantokratori<br />

(XIV s.), romlis ferxTiT mixatuli iyo<br />

mariam dedoflis amJamad nawilobriv<br />

"amoWrili" figura (XVII s.). CrdiloeTi<br />

da samxreTi sabjeni TaRebis aRmosavleT<br />

kalTebze (anu kvlav sakurTxevlis orsav<br />

mxares) gamosaxuli iyo "xareba" – angelozi<br />

marcxniv, RmrTismSobeli marjvniv (XVII<br />

s.). aRmosavleTi sabjeni TaRis sofitSi<br />

Crdilo kalTaze SemorCenilia mamamTavar<br />

iudas figura da "iakobis kibe" samxreT<br />

kalTaze (XVII s.). sakurTxevlis pilastrebis<br />

"Sida" waxnagebze gamosaxulia<br />

diakvani. bemis kedelze wm. gerasimea ferx-<br />

TiT lomis figuriT (XVII. s). am rigSi,<br />

etyoba, eklesiis mamebi iyvnen gamosaxulni.<br />

CrdiloeTi sabjeni TaRis dasavleTis<br />

kalTaze warmodgenilia winaswarmetyveli<br />

sofonia (XVII s.). dasavleTi sabjeni TaRis<br />

sofitSi _ medalionebis rigi wmindanTa<br />

7. mariamisa da elisabedis Sexvedra. XIV s.<br />

(foto d. cxadaZis)<br />

30<br />

8. samxreT-dasavleTi burjis samxreT waxnagis<br />

<strong>moxatuloba</strong>. VII s. (foto d. cxadaZis)<br />

naxevarfigurebiT. sadiakvnes TaRSi gamosaxuli<br />

iyo "mogvTa Tayvaniscema" (amJamad<br />

aRar arsebobs).<br />

gumbaTSi iyo pantokratori (aRar aris).<br />

sauflo dResaswaulTa cikli da, SesaZloa,<br />

sxva ciklebic, romlebic savarudod<br />

amkobda kamarebsa da kedlebs, Zvel aRwerebSic<br />

ar aris damowmebuli.<br />

dasavleT kedelze, karis marTkuTxa<br />

"timpanis" centrSi medalionSi gamosaxulia<br />

odigitriis naxevarfigura, mis qvemoT –<br />

"uflis xeli marTalTa sulebiT", timpanis<br />

Tavze, karis horizontalur wirTxlSi,<br />

ori, mariamisaken mfrinavi angelozis<br />

figura. odigitriis orsav mxares gragnilebze<br />

didi zomis qarTuli da berZnuli<br />

samSeneblo warwerebia, romlebSic nikifore<br />

ColoyaSvilis moRvaweoba aris<br />

moxseniebuli. am karis gverdiT, CrdiloeTiT,<br />

wm. solomoni, samxreTiT wm.<br />

konstantinesa da wm. elenes gamosaxulebebi<br />

iyo (amJamad ar arsebobs). karis samxreT<br />

wirTxlSi gamosaxulia orantis pozaSi,<br />

sanTlebiT xelSi mdgomi figura, axveuli<br />

TvalebiT da golgoTis jvriT Tavs ukan,<br />

savarudod, ioane lazi, petre iberis<br />

Tanamosagre. karis marjvniv petre iberis<br />

frontaluri figuraa. yvela es gamosaxuleba<br />

XVII s-Si aris Sesrulebuli.

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9. wm. miqael mTavarangelozi. XIV s. (foto d.<br />

cxadaZis)<br />

dasavleT kedlis samxreT pilastrze<br />

gamosaxuli arian eqvTime da giorgi<br />

mTawmidelebi (XVII s.).<br />

dasavleT kedelze gamosaxuli iyo<br />

qarTvel qtitorTa rigi, romelSic,<br />

aRwerebiT, Sediodnen wm. mirian mefe,<br />

vaxtang gorgasali, bagrat IV; dasavleT<br />

karis Tavze gamosaxuli iyo giorgiproxore<br />

– taZris aRmSenebeli. amave kedlis<br />

kidura nawilebSi gamosaxulni iyvnen paata<br />

da qaixosro wulukiZeebi da <strong>jvris</strong><br />

<strong>monastris</strong> Zmobis "jgufuri" portreti.<br />

istoriul pirTa es gamosaxulebebi amJamad<br />

mTlianad gamqralia. samxreT kedelze<br />

gamosaxuli iyo levan dadiani ojaxiT.<br />

CrdiloeT kedelze gamosaxulni iyvnen:<br />

eqvTime grZeliZe, arsen vaCesZe, ioane<br />

WimWimeli, qaixosro ColoyaSvili. es<br />

gamosaxulebebic amJamad gamqralia. yvela<br />

es istoriuli piri, rogorc Cans, MmTeli<br />

taniT iyo warmodgenili, wmindanebis<br />

figuraTa darad, gansxvavebiT burjebze,<br />

wmindanTa ferxTiT gamosaxuli votivuri<br />

portretebisagan.<br />

dasavleT mklavis TaRSi oTxi wm. asureli<br />

mama iyo gamosaxuli (amJamad aRar aris).<br />

yvelaze ukeTaa SemorCenili burjebis<br />

<strong>moxatuloba</strong>. burjebis kompozicia samnawiliania:<br />

centraluri gamosaxuleba<br />

31<br />

<strong>ierusalimis</strong> <strong>jvris</strong> <strong>monastris</strong> <strong>moxatuloba</strong><br />

wyviladi figurebiT; maT zemoT xan<br />

naxevarfigurebi, xanac mTeli scenebi,<br />

romlebic TaRebis sofitebze an kedlis<br />

sibrtyeebze gadadis; qveda nawilSi<br />

msxvili ornamentuli kompoziciebia.<br />

samxreT-aRmosavleTi burji:<br />

amJamad am burjis <strong>moxatuloba</strong> aRar<br />

aris Tavis adgilze. taZarSi darCenilia<br />

mxolod burjis dasavleT waxnagis kompozicia:<br />

wm. sabasa da wm. eqvTimes figurebi,<br />

romelTa ferxTiT gamosaxulia<br />

grigol arsenavri ZiTurT (XVI s.). maT<br />

zemoT wm. basilisa da wm. ioane oqropiris<br />

naxevarfigurebia (XVI s.). es fragmenti,<br />

axal safuZvelze gadatanili da liTonis<br />

CarCoSi Casmuli, samxreT kedelze kidia.<br />

qveda registrSi iyo kompozicia "sibrZnem<br />

iSena Tavisi Tvisasa saxli", romelic am-<br />

Jamad Camoxsnilia da monasterSi inaxeba.<br />

aRmosavleTis waxnagze _ wm. luka da<br />

wm. proxore, (XVII s., amJamad saqarTveloSi<br />

inaxeba, sveticxovelis taZarSi), maT zemoT<br />

"macxovris cduneba eSmakis mier" (aRar<br />

arsebobs);<br />

samxreT waxnagze _ wm. sebastiani, (XVII s.,<br />

kompoziciis zeda nawili amJamad saqarTveloSia),<br />

mis ferxTiT ki _ ioane guruli<br />

(dakargulia);<br />

CrdiloeT waxnagze _ zeda registrSi<br />

elias amaRleba (XVII s., amJamad saqarTveloSia,<br />

Tbilisis sionis taZarSi); Sua<br />

registrSi, SesaZloa, wm. elia da wm. elise<br />

(XVII s., amJamad saqarTveloSi, Tbilisis<br />

sionis taZarSi);<br />

samxreT-dasavleTi burji:<br />

dasavleT waxnagze – wm. petre da wm.<br />

pavle da gabriel patraZis votivuri<br />

gamosaxuleba maT ferxTiT (XVI s.).<br />

samxreT waxnagze – ori erTnairi zomis<br />

kompozicia – zeviT: wm. markeli da wm.<br />

iakob sparsi; qvemoT – ucnobi martvili<br />

(wm. artemi?) da Teodosi mangleli,<br />

reviSvili (am adgilas T. virsalaZis<br />

naSromSi miTiTebulia wm. artemi da wm.<br />

Teodore studieli, maT ferxTiT ki<br />

Teodose mangleli) (XVII s.).<br />

aRmosavleT waxnagze _ wm. maqsime<br />

aRmsarebeli da wm. ioane damaskelia SoTa<br />

rusTavelis votivuri figuriT maT ferx-<br />

TiT (XVI s.); zeda, viwro registrSi – wm.<br />

miqel sinelisa da wm. nikitas naxevarfigurebi<br />

(XVII s).

---

ACADEMIA<br />

CrdiloeT waxnagze – wm. giorgi da wm.<br />

Tevdore, mTeli taniT; qveda registrSi –<br />

wm. demetre da wm. nestori, aseve mTeli<br />

taniT (XVII s.).<br />

Crdilo-dasavleTi burji<br />

dasavleT waxnagze – mariamisa da<br />

elisabedis Sexvedra (XIV s.);<br />

samxreT waxnagze – mTavarangelozTa<br />

kreba; zeda registrSi – "uZili Tvali"<br />

(XIV s.);<br />

aRmosavleT waxnagze – wm. kirile<br />

aleqsandrieli da wm. aTanase didi (XIV<br />

s., T. virsalaZis wignSi dasaxelebulia<br />

wm. qristefore);<br />

maT zemoT, viwro registrSi wm. mokias<br />

(?) da mis zemoT (faqtobrivad TaRis<br />

sofitSi) wm. Teodosis naxevarfigurebia<br />

(XVII s.).<br />

CrdiloeT waxnagze – wm. paxomi angelozis<br />

winaSe, zemoT – wm. menelsacxeble<br />

dedebis ori naxevarfigura (XVII<br />

s., darCenilia erTi, mariami), .<br />

Crdilo-aRmosavleTi burji.<br />

aRmosavleT waxnagze _ wm. grigol<br />

RvTismetyveli da daniel winaswarmetyveli<br />

(XIV s.); maT qveS – wm. serapioni (XVII s.);<br />

aqvea 48-e fsalmunis teqsti. am waxnagis<br />

zeda nawilze Camodis nawilobriv TaRis<br />

sofitSi gamosaxuli scena "danieli lomTa<br />

xaroSi" (XVII s.).<br />

samxreT waxnagze _ wm. winaswarmetyvelebi<br />

daviTi da solomoni (XIVs.); maT<br />

zemoT "abraamis msxverplSewirva" (XIV s.);<br />

aRmosavleT waxnagze _ wm. zaqaria da<br />

wm. ioane naTlismcemeli (XIV s.). zeda<br />

registrSi _ "wm. ioane naTlismcemlis<br />

Soba" (XIV s.)<br />

CrdiloeT waxnagze – wm. aTanase aToneli<br />

da wm. isidore peluzeli (XIV s.),<br />

maT zemoT wm. qristines da wm. mariam<br />

magdalelis naxevarfigurebi (XVII s.).<br />

Crdilo-dasavleT da Crdilo-aRmosavleT<br />

burjebs Soris TaRis sofitSi gamosaxulia<br />

"danieli lomTa xaroSi" da wm.<br />

Teodosis naxevarfigura, xolo TaRs<br />

zemoT, darbazis centrisaken mimarTul<br />

samkuTxa areebze – wm. rufinusi da wm.<br />

siloanosi (XVII s.).<br />

garda zemoaRniSnuli gamosaxulebebisa,<br />

Zveli aRwerebiT taZris burjebze iyo kidev<br />

ramdenime votivuri portreti, romelTa<br />

Tavdapirveli adgilmdebareoba gaurk-<br />

32<br />

vevelia, xolo TviT gamosaxulebani amJamad<br />

aRar arsebobs: afxazeTis kaTolikosi<br />

maqsime, elise Tbileli, TviT nikifore<br />

ColoyaSvili.<br />

a. baumStarkis cnobiT, taZris erTerT<br />

minaSenSi SemorCenili iyo berZen<br />

filosofosTa portretebi, romlebic<br />

amJamad arsad Cans.<br />

moxatulobis sxvadasxva dros Sesrulebul<br />

nawilebs Soris mkafiod Cans<br />

baTqaSis nakerebi (mag., samxreT-dasavleT<br />

burjze, ioane damaskelisa da maqsime<br />

aRmsareblis figurebi da maT zemoT<br />

gamosaxuli eklesiis mamaTa naxevarfigurebi<br />

udavod sxvadasxva baTqaSzea<br />

Sesrulebuli, iseve, rogorc _ wm. grigol<br />

RvTismetyveli da daniel winaswarmetyveli<br />

da maT qvemoT gamosaxuli wm.<br />

serapioni Crdilo-aRmosavleT burjze da<br />

sxv.). bevrgan gairCeva gviandel uxeS<br />

ganaxlebaTa kvali (mag., "wm. ioane<br />

naTlismcemlis Sobis" kompoziciaSi,<br />

samxreT-dasavleTi burjis gamosaxulebebze<br />

da sxv.). ramdenime adgilas, moxatulobis<br />

amomtvreul adgilebSi Cans daferili<br />

baTqaSis qveda fenebi. SoTa rusTavelis<br />

warweris qveS naTlad Cans ufro<br />

adrindeli qarTuli warweris kvali.<br />

ferwerulma ansamblma XX s-is ganmavlobaSic<br />

sagrZnobi cvlilebebi ganicada.<br />

10. RvTismSobeli odigitria. XIV s. (foto<br />

d. cxadaZis)

---

11. samxreT-dasavleTi burjis CrdiloeT waxnagis<br />

<strong>moxatuloba</strong>. XVII s. (foto d. cxadaZis)<br />

niSandoblivia, rom qarTuli warwerebi<br />

mravalgzis iyo dafaruli saRebaviT da<br />

Senacvlebuli berZnuli warwerebiT. mag.,<br />

1901 wlis fotoze "mTavarangelozTa krebis"<br />

kompoziciaze aris qarTuli warwerebi, 1960<br />

wlis fotoebze aq berZnuli warwerebia,<br />

xolo gawmendis mere kvlav qarTuli warwera<br />

gamoCnda, iseve, rogorc "uZili Tvalis"<br />

gamosaxulebaze. bevr adgilas (mag., wm.<br />

lukasa da wm. proxores figurebTan)<br />

amJamad arsebuli berZnuli warwerebis qveS<br />

naTlad gamosWvivis qarTuli asoebis<br />

moxazulobani. cnobilia, rom XX s-is 80iani<br />

wlebis bolos berZnuli sapatriarqos<br />

dakveTiT freskebi "restavrirebul" iqna,<br />

ufro sworad, maT "dasrulebuli" saxe<br />

miecaT, riTic originaluri mxatvrobis<br />

bevri niSani waiSala.<br />

ase rom, <strong>jvris</strong> <strong>monastris</strong> kedlis<br />

mxatvroba sakmaod rTul da mravalgvar<br />

problemebs ayenebs mkvlevarTa winaSe.<br />

momavalSi Sesaswavli da gamosakvlevia<br />

Semdegi sakiTxebi:<br />

1. ferweruli fenebis raodenoba;<br />

2. yvela ferweruli fenis TariRi;<br />

3. votivur gamosaxulebaTa identifikacia;<br />

4. votivur gamosaxulebaTa daTariReba;<br />

5. SoTa rusTavelis portretis identifikacia<br />

da daTariReba;<br />

33<br />

<strong>ierusalimis</strong> <strong>jvris</strong> <strong>monastris</strong> <strong>moxatuloba</strong><br />

6. ferweris mikuTvneba konkretuli<br />

kulturuli wrisadmi (qarTuli?<br />

berZnuli? palestinuri?)<br />

7. ferweruli ansamblis programa, misi<br />

SesaZlo mimarTeba Tavdapirvel (XI an<br />

XIV ss.) mxatvrobis programasTan da<br />

sakuTriv wminda miwis tradiciebTan;<br />

8. kedlis mxatvrobis Sesrulebis TariRebis<br />

mimarTeba <strong>monastris</strong> istoriasTan;<br />

9. epigrafikuli masalis monacemebi;<br />

10. kriptaSi Senaxuli fragmentebis<br />

Seswavla-gamovlena;<br />

11. moxatulobis programis zogi nawilis<br />

mimarTeba dasavlur (jvarosnuli<br />

periodis) kulturasTan;<br />

12. monasterSi daculi xatebis Seswavla.<br />

<strong>jvris</strong> monasterTan dakavSirebuli<br />

istoriuli faqtebisa da dokumentebis<br />

Semdgomi kvleva, mxatvrobis teqnikuri<br />

Seswavla, agreTve epigrafikuli masalis<br />

saTanado analizi, albaT, met naTels<br />

mohfens am sakiTxebs.<br />

dReisaTvis dadgenilia problemebis wre,<br />

wamoyenebulia ramdenime hi poTeza, rac<br />

mTavaria, gakeTebulia safuZvliani aRwera,<br />

grafikuli da foto-fiqsacia. yovelive es<br />

qmnis safuZvels saTanado saxelovnebaTmcodneo<br />

kvlevisaTvis, romelic, imedi<br />

gvaqvs, ufro srul warmodgenas Segviqmnis<br />

wminda miwaze qarTvelTa moRvaweobis am<br />

umniSvnelovanesi Zeglis Sesaxeb.<br />

12. SoTa rusTavelis portreti. (foto<br />

d. cxadaZis)