quTaisis akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti maia qobulaZe

F 

quTaisis akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo 

universiteti 

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti 

maia qobulaZe 

arCil sulakauris mxatvruli proza 

(literaturuli ostatobis sakiTxebi) 

10.01.01. - qarTuli literatura 

disertacia filologiis doqtoris 

K akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad 

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: sruli profesori 

quTaisi 

2009 

avTandil nikoleiSvili 

- 1 -

Sinaarsi: 

Sesavali ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 

Tavi I - arCil sulakauri II msoflio omisSemdgomi 

literaturuli Taobis warmomadgeneli ----------------------------------- 17 

Tavi II - realur da irealur samyaroTa urTierTmimarTebisaTvis 

arCil sulakauris prozaSi ------------------------------------------------------- 28 

Tavi III - arCil sulakauris prozis ZiriTadi problemebi: 

A a) daxSuli sivrcis - aqvariumis Tema ------------------------------------------------ 46 

b) omis Tema ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67 

g) àkrZaluli warsulis~ asaxva -------------------------------------------------------- 83 

Tavi IV - arCil sulakauris prozis poetikis zogierTi sakiTxi -------- 98 

daskvnebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 140 

gamoyenebuli literatura ----------------------------------------------------------- 154 

- 2 -

Sesavali 

arCil sulakauri XX saukunis qarTuli mwerlobis erT-erTi Tval- 

saCino warmomadgenelia. igi mravalmxrivi Semoqmedi gaxldaT. amis 

dasturia misi SesaniSnavi poeturi krebulebi, moTxrobebi, romanebi. man 

Tavisi ganumeorebeli wvlili Seitana sabavSvo literaturis 

ganviTarebaSic. a. sulakauri publicisturi werilebiTac aqtiurad 

exmaureboda Tavisi drois saWirboroto sakiTxebs. aRsaniSnavia, agreTve, 

misi moRvaweoba rogorc dramaturgisa da kinoscenaristisa. iyo Jurnal 

`mnaTobis~ redaqtori. sadisertacio naSromSi, rasakvirvelia, 

SeuZlebelia mwerlis Semoqmedebis yvela aspeqtze yuradRebis 

gamaxvileba. am SemTxvevaSi vexebiT mxolod mxatvrul prozas, romelic, 

Cveni dakvirvebiT, yvelaze metad warmoaCens arCil sulakauris 

literaturul SesaZleblobebs. 

a. sulakauris Taobis literaturuli moRvaweobis dasawyisi II 

msoflio omis Semdgom wlebs daemTxva. es iyo dro, rodesac mravalero- 

van sabWoTa literaturaSi gabatonebuli iyo yalbi ideebi da paTetika. 

WeSmarit mwerals suls uxuTavda ideologiuri marwuxebi. aRsaniSnavia 

is garemoeba, rom a. sulakaurma Tavis SemoqmedebaSi scada daerRvia 

cenzuriT dakanonebuli literaturuli kanonebi, gaeTavisuflebina qar- 

Tuli proza ideologiiT nakarnaxevi Temebisagan, uari eTqva moTxrobaSi 

manamde arsebul adamianis stereotipuli saxis tradiciul asaxvaze. 

mwerlis erT-erTi did damsaxurebad, swored, is unda miviCnioT, rom Ta- 

visi aseTi stiluri da saazrovno poziciiT, man, sxvebTan erTad, mianiS- 

na axali prozis Seqmnis aucileblobaze. 

xSirad, roca weren a. sulakauris Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb, masze 

saubars iwyeben kiTxviT: poeti Tu prozaikosi? `sakiTxavia vin ufro me- 

tad Warbobs arCil sulakaurSi - poeti Tu prozaikosi? erTi ki cxadia: 

igi SesaniSnavi mesityvea qarTuli mwerlobisa. misi Semoqmedeba wrfelia 

da dafiqrebuli, sicocxlisa da adamianebis siyvaruliT aRsavse, boro- 

tebis TavxedobiT SeZruli da mis winaaRmdeg amxedrebuli, Tavisi 

kuTxis mTebs mowyvetili da masTan miaxloebuli, sworedac rom 

miaxloebuli Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi mrwamsiT. arCil sulakauri xom is 

- 3 -

Semoqmedia, romlis wakiTxvac xSirad enatreba xolme kacs" 

(`literaturuli saqarTvelo~, 2004 w. 22. V) 

sadisertacio naSromSi SevecdebiT, SeZlebisdagvarad, movixmoT is 

poeturi striqonebic, romlebic erTgvari gzamkvlevis rols 

Seasruleben a. sulakauris zogierTi mxatvruli nawarmoebis ideur- 

mxatvruli Canafiqris ukeT Sesacnobad. 

a. sulakauris prozas mkiTxvelis yuradReba arasodes moklebia. misi 

Semoqmedebis garSemo yovelTvis azrTa sxvadasxvaoba da Widili iyo da 

aris. mwerlis Semoqmedebis aqtualobaze metyvelebs is faqtic, rom dRe- 

sac, Tanamedrove literaturul kritikaSi ar neldeba interesi a. sula- 

kauris prozis mimarT. sadisertacio naSromSi, miznad davisaxeT 

Segveswavla, Tu rogor aris gamovlenili a. sulakauris nawarmoebebSi 

asaxuli sinamdvilisa da warmosaxulis urTierTkavSiri, maTi 

monacvleoba, simbolur_saxeobrivi azrovneba; rogor aris mxatvrulad 

xorcSesxmuli e. w. ,,akrZaluli warsulis", totalitaruli saxelmwifos 

mier udanaSaulod dasjil adamianTa cxovrebis Tema; specialuradaa 

msjeloba im siaxleTa Sesaxeb, romelnic mweralma omis Temaze 

dawerili moTxrobebiT daamkvidra qarTul literaturaSi. naSromSi 

dakvirvebis sagnadaa qceuli, agreTve, a. sulakauris stilisa da 

personaJTa gansaxovnebis mravali sakiTxi, riTac mweralma, Tavisi 

Taobis sxva warmomadgenlebTan erTad, Tavis droze mianiSna axali 

prozis Seqmnis aucileblobaze. 

a. sulakaurma samwerlo asparezze gamoCenisTanave qarTuli kritikis 

didi daintereseba gamoiwvia. SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweoba man poeziiT da- 

iwyo da araerTi SesaniSnavi lirikuli nawarmoebi Seqmna. mogvianebiT ga- 

moqveynda misi prozauli nawarmoebebic; Tumca a. sulakaurma qarTveli 

mkiTxveli Semdegac mravaljer gaaxara poeturi krebulebiT. a. sulakau- 

ris poeziidan prozaSi `gadasaxlebas" kritikosi o. paWkoria ase xsnis: 

`poezias ganudga maSin, roca Seicno, rom leqsis struqturaSi prozis 

intonacia da TvalTaxedva Seaqvs, roca TviT metaforam icvala saxe, igi 

ganviTarda im mimarTulebiT, romelic proziT mTavrdeba, maSin SeigrZno, 

rom dadga prozaSi migraciis aucilebloba" (paWkoria 1974: 37). 

- 4 -

gansxvavebuli azri aqvs am viTarebis Sesaxeb g. gverdwiTels: `Cem- 

Tvis Znelia imis Tqma, Tu ra `SeigrZno" an `Seicno" poetma Semoqme- 

debiTi biografiis ama Tu im etapze - wers igi, - me piradad msgavs 

STabeWdilebas sulac ar aRmiZravs, piriqiT, sruliad sawinaaRmdego 

azrs ganmimtkicebs iseTi SesaniSnavi, Rrmad lirikuli leqsebi, rogo- 

rebicaa `me SenTvis minda algeTis Wala", àlaznis velze ise Ramdeba"; 

`pirveli Tovli"; `me Tan movitan aragvis sunTqvas"... gansakuTrebiT ki 

Tanamedrove qarTuli poeziis erT-erTi mSveneba `gonio", romlebic ar- 

Cilma, swored, pirveli moTxrobis gamoqveynebis win, 1955-56 wlebSi dawe- 

ra, ara mgonia poeturi krizisis mimaniSneblad SeiZleboda mieCnia Tavad 

avtors, Tu nebismier mkiTxvels" (gverdwiTeli 1985: 155). a. sulakauris 

mier 60-ian wlebSi Seqmnili maRalpoeturi nimuSebi da ufro gviandel 

leqsebic adastureben, rom Semoqmedi Tavis niWs Tanabrad avlens ro- 

gorc prozaSi, aseve poeziaSi. a. sulakauris nawarmoebebze dakvirvebam 

TvalnaTliv dagvanaxa, rom es iyo niWieri mwerlis mier Zalebis mo- 

sinjva gansxvavebul JanrSi. Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi gzis dasawyisSi aseTi 

Ziebani ar iyo damaxasiaTebeli mxolod a. sulakaurisaTvis. 

60-iani wlebis dasawyisidan qarTul mwerlobaSi erTi sagulisxmo 

tendencia gamoikveTa. cnobilma poetebma aqtiurad daiwyes prozauli 

Txzulebebis gamoqveyneba. n. dumbaZem, a. sulakaurma, o. WilaZem, T. Wila- 

Zem da sxva Zveli da axali Taobis saxelmoxveWilma poetebma mravali 

SesaniSnavi prozauli nawarmoebi Seqmnes. àm process hqonda Tavisi lo- 

gika, gamarTleba da safuZveli, - werda g. gaCeCilaZe - es iyo 60-iani 

wlebis dasawyisi. am drois kritikas rom Tvali gadavavloT, vnaxavT, 

rom iq xSirad meordeba azri JanrTa urTierTSerwymis Taobaze. aRiniS- 

neba, rom poeziaSi sul metad ikavebs adgils cxovrebiseuli detalis, 

faqtis mniSvneloba, xolo prozaSi - poeturobis momenti" (gaCeCilaZe; 

literaturuli saqarTvelo, 1986). sainteresoa imdroindeli literatu- 

ruli procesis amgvari Sefaseba, radgan udavoa, rom es periodi Cvens 

mwerlobaSi garkveul literaturul RirebulebaTa gadafasebisa da ama- 

ve dros axali Temebisa da ganwyobilebebis damkvidrebiT xasiaTdeba. 

qarTuli mwerloba msoflio literaturaSi mimdinare axali procesebis 

kvaldakval miiswrafoda gansxvavebul movlenaTa adeqvaturi analizisa 

- 5 -

da gansjisaken - daiwyo prozis Taviseburi inteleqtualizacia. am amoca- 

nebis gadaWrisaTvis prozas, poeziasTan SedarebiT, mxatvruli 

gansaxovnebis ufro mravalferovani saSualebani aRmoaCnda. 

swored, am periodSi Seiqmna a. sulakauris moTxrobebi da romanebi. 

qarTuli kritikuli azrovneba dadebiTad gamoexmaura a. sulakauris 

prozaul Txzulebebs. iyo, agreTve, uaryofiTi Sefasebebic. a. sulakau- 

ris prozis Sesaxeb werdnen kritikosebi: g. kankava (kankava: mnaTobi, 1959), 

g. gverdwiTeli (gverdwiTeli: `mnaTobi", 1966; `mnaTobi", 1981; ciskari, 

1962;), a. nikoleiSvili (nikoleiSvili: gaz. `quTaisi", 1973), s. caiSvili 

(caiSvili: 1990), g. margvelaSvili (margvelaSvili: mnaTobi, 1977), i. 

amirxanaSvili (amirxanaSvili: `literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1985), o. paW- 

koria (paWkoria: `ciskari", 1974; mnaTobi, 1958), p. koiSi (koiSi: `literatu- 

ruli saqarTvelo", 1981), r. miSvelaZe (miSvelaZe: kritika, 1973), g. xuxaS- 

vili (xuxaSvili: `mnaTobi", 1971), g. gaCeCilaZe (gaCeCilaZe: `literaturu- 

li saqarTvelo", 1986), n. jantiSvili (jantiSvili: kritika, 1985; Tsu Sro- 

mebi, 1984; Tsu Sromebi, 1987 ), g. asaTiani (asaTiani: 1977) e. barTaia (bar- 

Taia: gaz. àxalgazrda komunisti", 1979) da sxvebi. 

kritikosi g. margvelaSvili aRniSnavda: àrCil sulakaurma ukanaskne- 

li wlebi upiratesad prozis dargSi intensiur muSaobas miuZRvna. or- 

mocdaaTiani wlebis Suagulidan moyolebuli misi poeturi proza, SeiZ- 

leba iTqvas, qarTuli novelis, moTxrobis Tu romanis JanrTa axali ga- 

mococxlebisa da gadaxalisebis mauwyebeli Tavfurceli gaxda. am dros 

ukve sakmaod cnobili poeti saqveynod ganTqmul prozaikosad mogvevlina 

da misma Semoqmedebam qarTul Teatrsa da kinematografiasac Semata ma- 

cocxlebeli Zala. magram is iSviaTi Tu Zunwi poeturi striqonebi, ro- 

melTac arCil sulakauri drogamoSvebiT gamouCens xolme mkiTxvels, na- 

tifi poeturi kulturiT, daxvewili gemovnebiT da, Tu SeiZleba ase iT- 

qvas, Taviseburi `sabWoTa evropeizmiT" gamoirCeva" (margvelaSvili: mna- 

Tobi, 1977). Txrobis gamoxatvis originalurma stilma da formam warmoa- 

Cina a. sulakauri, rogorc uaxlesi qarTuli mwerlobis TvalsaCino war- 

momadgenli. misi nawarmoebebis aqtualurma Temam, personaJTa xatvis ori- 

ginalobam, azrTa sxvadasxvaoba gamoiwvia maSin qarTulsa Tu rusul 

presaSi. `Tu romelime qarTvelma prozaikosma, jer kidev axalgazrdam, - 

- 6 -

werda kritikosi e. barTaia - qarTul prozaSi mosvlisTanave Semoitana 

siaxle, es arCil sulakauris mimarTac iTqmis. Tu vinmes qarTul proza- 

Si didi sikeTe uSualod unaxavs da Semdeg gaumdidrebia kidec igi Tavi- 

si niWisa da Sromis wyalobiT, a. sulakauria; magram arc isaa gasakviri 

da saCoTiro, Tu romelime maTgans dasavleT evropuli literatura 

daexmara mxatvruli gamosaxvis ZiebaSi~. arCil sulakaurma jer kidev po- 

etma, xolo Semdeg rogorc prozaikosma, erovnul tradiciebze aR- 

zrdilma Semoqmedma, Tavisi Tanamedrove qarTveli mwerlebis msgavsad, 

Cveni da ucxouri literaturis saunjidan akriba yvelaze saukeTeso fe- 

rebi da am ferebiT aaelvara Tavisi poeturi tiloebi" (barTaia: àxal- 

gazrda komunisti", 1979). 

a. sulakauris pirovnebas mravali gamorCeuli Tviseba moamadla gan- 

gebam: igi iyo niWieri Semoqmedi, qarTuli sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis aq- 

tiuri monawile. is zneobrivi maqsimalizmi, romliTac mTlianadaa gam- 

sWvaluli a. sulakauris Semoqmedeba, misi, rogorc mwerlis, cxovrebis 

wesi da Sinagani Tviseba iyo. amitomacaa, rom mis mier daxatuli gmirebi 

ZiriTadad zneobrivi siwmindisa da sulieri sifaqizis damkvidrebisaken 

iswrafvian. 

sainteresoa slovaki mwerlis p. koiSis mier a. sulakauris Semoqme- 

debis Sefaseba: `mkiTxveli, albaT, SeamCnevda, rom teqstSi ar aris 

xelovnuri midgoma garesamyarosadmi, ucxoa cxovrebis esTetizacia, teq- 

stis metaforaTa da sxva samkaulebiT morTulobas bunebrivi elferi 

sdevs Tan. avtoris lirizmi missave azrovnebaSia, missave msoflSeg- 

rZnebaSia; e. i. msoflio aRqmasa da cxovrebiseul lirizmSia; magram 

cxovrebiseul silamazes am SemTxvevaSi lamazi bafTis funqcia ki ar 

akisria, aramed gmirTa saqcielisa da grZnobebis esTetizacia" (koiSi: 

`literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1981). 

mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi urbanistuli azrovneba da msoflmxedveloba 

erwymis da gansakuTrebul iers aniWebs moTxrobebSi aRweril zRaprul- 

romantikul garemos. pirobiToba, miTosuri saxeebi da maTi reminescen- 

ciebi SeiZleba yovelTvis ar iyos erTnairi mxatvruli Rirebulebisa, 

samagierod, yovelive es, rogorc mwerlis stilis ZiriTadi Tavi- 

sebureba, misi originaluri mxatvruli samyaros safuZvelia. Tbilisi, 

- 7 -

mtkvari, CuRureTis ZvelTaZveli ubani iyo is zRapruli garemo, sadac 

SeigrZno da Seiyvara a. sulakaurma samyaro. mwerali romanebisa da 

moTxrobebis Tematikad qalaquri yofis suraTebs, kerZod, Tbilisis 

Zveli da axali cxovrebis dapirispirebas, am konfliqtiT gamowveul 

adamianTa sulieri gancdebis Cvenebas, irCevs. Gg. gverdwiTeli am 

viTarebis Sesaxeb aRniSnavs: àrCil sulakauris Semoqmedeba erT-erTi 

saukeTeso nimuSia imisa, Tu rogor SeiZleba bednierad iyos Serwymuli 

erTmaneTSi mwerlisa da mxatvris niWi. mwerlis saocrad detaluri da 

naTeli vizualuri xedvis Tu xatvis gamo sulakauris moTxrobebis 

mkiTxveli Tavs Sinaur garemoSi grZnobs. Cven vxedavT ara marto quCebsa 

da saxlebs, ezoebsa da aivnebs mtkvris mRvrie dinebas Tu mis riyes, 

wisqvilebsa Tu duqnebs, aramed iseT detalebsac ki, rogoricaa cacxvis 

xeebi, WiSkrebi, xis kibeebi, ufro metic, TiTqmis imasac ki vxedavT, Tu 

romel kibes an aivans sad romeli rgoli amovardnia” (gverdwiTeli: 

`mnaTobi", 1981). arCil sulakauri maZiebeli, axlis damkvidrebisaken 

mimswrafi mwerali iyo. Mman igrZno ra qarTuli literaturis 

ganaxlebis aucilebloba, Seecada Tavisi SesaZleblobebi moesinja 

mwerlobis sxvadasxva JanrSi. 

`moxda ise, rom is yovelTvis ramdenime nabijiT uswrebda win lite- 

raturis ganviTarebas" - werda g. asaTiani (asaTiani 1977: 122). kritikosis 

es sityvebi Taviseburi Sefasebac iyo Semoqmedis ganvlili gzisa. 

cxadia, arsebuli sinamdvilisa da cxovrebis sxvadasxva Janris 

saSualebiT - lirikul leqsad an mxatvrul tilod, gardasaxva, origina- 

luri xedvisa da azrovnebis Semoqmeds SeuZlia. aseTi iyo a. sulakauri. 

i. amirxanaSvili maRal Sefasebas aZlevs mwerlis beletristikas da 

aRniSnavs, rom: à. sulakauri erTia im qarTvel prozaikosTa Soris, ro- 

melnic gmiris moralur-zneobriv saxes sagangebod CauRrmavdnen. mis 

prozaSi sevdiani ambavi Rrmad Cagvafiqrebs da salaRobo TavSesaqcevi 

detalebisaTvis adgilis ar tovebs" (amirxanaSvili:, `literaturuli sa- 

qarTvelo", 1985). 

a. sulakauris moTxrobebis personaJTa sulier samyaros Sesaxeb isev 

e. barTaia davimowmoT. kritikosma swori axsna mouZebna mwerlis perso- 

naJTa qcevebis motivacias: à. sulakauris novelebSi saerTod movlenebis 

- 8 -

ganviTarebas ar eqceva imdeni yuradReba, ramdenadac gmirTa fsiqologi- 

ur analizs, misi gmirebis zogadi saxe geografiul garemosac ki scil- 

deba da sakacobrio saxeSi gadadis" (barTaia: àxalgazrda komunisti", 

1979). 

a. sulakauris moTxrobebze msjelobisas TiTqmis yvela kritikosi 

erTsulovnad aRniSnavs, rom maTSi aRwerili movlenebisadmi avtoris 

mier gamoxatuli emocia-ganwyobilebani gulwrfeli da gulaxdilia, rac 

zogjer, avtoris cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebiTac aris nakarnaxebi. 

cnobili WeSmaritebaa, rom mTxrobelis saxeSi Tu calkeul personaJebSi 

ar SeiZleba davinaxoT mwerlis pirovnebisa da misi cxovrebiseuli de- 

talebis igiveoba, magram isic faqtia, rom nawarmoebSi avtoris piradi 

gamocdilebac uciloblad aris gamJRavnebuli. `rogorc ar unda warmo- 

vidginoT, - werda o. paWkoria - rom mwerali warmosaxul samyaroSi fi- 

zikuri pirisagan gaTavisuflebuli Sedis da tkivilis gancdac pi- 

robiTia, aris am moTxrobebSi is intonacia, swored tkivilis gancdis 

sicxadeSi rom gajerebs. aq is eTikuri sawyisia ganxiluli, saidanac pi- 

rovneba da Semoqmedi modis; yovel SemTxvevaSi, gamxelilia igi, ramac 

SesaZloa mTeli cxovrebis manZilze gansazRvros kacis zneoba" (paWko- 

ria, `ciskari", 1974: 110). a. sulakauris moTxrobebsa da romanebSi - `lu- 

ka", `gabo", `mtredebi", òqros Tevzi", `TeTri cxeni" da sxva movlenebi 

ise viTardeba, rom umTavresi xdeba gmiris zneobrivi saxecvlilebis 

momenti, romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi mis mkafiod gamoxatul sulier ka- 

TarzisTanaa dakavSirebuli. 

a. sulakauris beletristika sikeTisa da borotebis Widilis uc- 

vlel arszea dafuZnebuli. avtori am or maradiul mxares ar Seiswav- 

lis, calke, ganyenebulad ar aanalizebs, magram Txrobas maTi 

dapirispirebis CvenebiT emociur daZabulobas sZens. a. sulakauriseuli 

gmirebi sikeTis msaxurebi arian. sikeTe maTi arsebobis ganuyofeli Tvi- 

sebaa. 

WeSmariti mwerloba mZimed satarebeli tvirTia; arada, arc a. sula- 

kaurs uvlia erTxel gakvaluli nacnobi gziT. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs 60-ia- 

n wlebSi mimdinare sulieri brZolebi, saerTod, kulturaze, 

xelovnebaze oficiozis ideologiuri zewola. mas, rogorc moqalaqes 

- 9 -

da mwerals, aRelvebda yvela is zneobrivi problema, romelic qveyanaSi 

arsebobda. swamda, rom myari zneobrivi safuZvlebis gareSe erisa da 

qveynis winsvla SeuZlebelia; swamda, rom mwerlis sityvas mxolod maSin 

aqvs fasi da maSin aRwevs mizans, roca misi sityva da saqme erTia. 

albaT, aqedan iRebs saTaves is ukompromisoba da zneobrivi maqsimaliz- 

mi, romliTac aRbeWdilia a. sulakauris mTeli Semoqmedeba. 

`yoveli misi nawarmoebi, - werda n. dumbaZe - Cvens ymawvilkacobaSi 

Cemze raRac sulisSemZvrel idumal da raRac didi aRmoCenismagvar 

STabeWdilebas axdenda. maSin Cven yvelani raRacas veZebdiT, raRacis da- 

ucxromeli Ziebis survili gvawvalebda, es dalocvili ki idga trial 

mindorze da sadac dahkravda bars, yvelgan raRac ganZi, Zvirfasi samkau- 

li an mxolod misTvis amosacnobi palimfsesti da etrati amohqonda" 

(dumbaZe: `ciskari", 1972). 

a. sulakauri yovelTvis daZabulad grZnobda drois majiscemas da 

ritms, Taviseburi plastikiT, inteleginturi daxvewilobiT da ucdome- 

li gemovnebiT iwyebda Txrobas Tbilisis erTi patara quCidan. mis leq- 

sebsa Tu moTxrobebSi mkacrma realizmma TiTqos adgili ar datova 

zRaprisaTvis; da mainc, uaRresad realurad aRweril cxovrebiseul su- 

raTebSi, urbanistul garemoSi igrZnoba ulevi fantazia, warmosaxvis 

araCveulebrivi unari, radgan a. sulakauri imTaviTve poeti iyo. niSan- 

doblivia, rom mweralma es gaTiSva òcnebasa da sinamdviles Soris" li- 

teraturuli zRapris SeqmniT daZlia. 

qarTveli mkiTxveli gansakuTrebiT moxibla zRaparma `salamuras 

Tavgadasavali". `misi zRapari `salamuras Tavgadasavali" egziuperiseu- 

li Tanamedrove zRaparia, - werda kritikosi g. xuxaSvili, - diax, uaRre- 

sad Tanamedrove da ara imitacia folkloruli zRaprebisa. `salamuras" 

avtori pirdapir iwyebs saubars bavSvebTan drosa da sivrceSi arar- 

sebul qondareTze, oRond am saubarSi arasodes aviwydeba dro, romel- 

Sic Cven varsebobT. a. sulakaurs jera: bavSvebTan SeiZleba seriozuli 

saubari seriozul ambebze" (xuxaSvili: `mnaTobi", 1971. 127). 

`salamuras Tavgadasavalma" erTbaSad aaxmaura qarTuli salitera- 

turo kritika. zedized iwereboda recenziebi, sadac maRal Sefasebas aZ- 

levdnen am mSvenier literaturul nawarmoebs. e. yifianis azriT: àr- 

- 10 -

Cil sulakauris zRapari `salamuras Tavgadasavali" SeTxzuli, Tavidan 

bolomde gamogonili ambavia, magram misi mTavari Rirseba is aris, rom aq 

vercerT tyuils ver amoikiTxavT, vercerT mxatvrul sicrues ver wa- 

awydebiT, amis mizezi gaxlavT Janris kanonebis zusti dacva da cxov- 

rebis realuri movlenebis modelirebis unari" (yifiani: `literaturuli 

saqarTvelo", 1971). 

o. paWkoriam safuZvlianad mimoixila a. sulakauris mier ganvlili 

samwerlo gza. mas miaCnia, rom `sulakaurma igrZno, Tu SeiZleba ase 

iTqvas, erTgvari `Tematuri tavtologiis" saSiSroeba. `CuRureTis cik- 

lis" paralelurad mimidnare àqvariumis Tema" Seyovnda; detalizebuli 

yofiTi wvrilmanebiT daxunZluli mwkrivi dairRva (vfiqrobT, swored 

amis gamo ar daiwera òqros Tevzis" meore wigni). gaCnda Sualedi, Tavi- 

sufali are, sadac poeziasTan dabrunebis piroba Seiqmna. oRond, vidre 

es Semobruneba, ase vTqvaT, poeturi produqtiT formalurad dadastur- 

deboda, mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi axali Janri damkvidrda - zRapari, zRa- 

par-moTxroba. gaCnda groteski, fantastikuri qveynebi da cerodena 

samyaroebi, moqceuli imav yofiT arealSi, imav sagnobriv garemoSi, kon- 

fliqtTa da urTierTobaTa im sferoSi, sadac, magaliTad, `zeviT da qve- 

viT" da `biWi da ZaRli" Tavsdeboda (am moTxrobebSi iCina Tavi pirvelad 

zRapris intonaciam)~ (paWkoria: `ciskari", 1974: 111). 

o. paWkorias mier gakeTebuli daskvnebi aRiarebaa mwerlis didi ga- 

marjvebisa Janrobrivi mravalferovnebis Ziebis gzaze, radgan a. sulaka- 

urs erTnairad xelewifeboda Seeqmna maRalmxatvruli literaturuli 

zRapari, Tu misi Tanamedroveobis amsaxveli romanebi da moTxrobebi. 

àrCil sulakauri, upirveles yovlisa, zustad aRiqvams mis irgvliv ga- 

mefebul da iqneb, jer kidev bundovan ganwyobilebebs, rac masTan gamok- 

veTil da naTel literaturul koncefciad yalibdeba. swored, amis gamo 

dgas igi bolo wlebis qarTuli literaturis yoveli axali tendenciis 

dasabamTan (es ar aris gazviadeba, ase iyo poeziaSi, roca meditaciuri 

lirikisaTvis iRvwoda, ase iyo prozaSi, roca analitikuri Tvalsazri- 

sis dafuZnebas lamobda, roca cdilobda moTxroba-Janris damkvidrebas) 

mTavari isaa, rom mas Seswevs unari Seimecnos da mxatvrulad ganaxorci- 

- 11 -

elos is idumali da faruli, rac TiTqos TavisTavad arsebobs da gan- 

cdilia, oRond aklia gamJRavneba" (paWkoria: `ciskari", 1974: 69). 

a. sulakauris SemoqmedebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia ama Tu im movle- 

nis iseTi mxriT warmoCena, romelic yvelaze arsebiTad gamoxatavs 

umTavres cxovrebiseul peripetiebs, misi Taobis sulier miswrafebebs. es 

viTareba ganpirobebulia misi ucdomeli, faqizi gemovnebiT. a. sulakau- 

ris SemoqmedebiTi stilis es Tavisebureba ar gamoparviaT mxedve- 

lobidan kritikosebs. isev otia paWkoria davimowmoT: ìgi Tavisi Semoq- 

medebiT yovelTvis gamoxatavda raime saerTo Tvisebas, saerTo tendenci- 

as, saerTo kulturul miswrafebas, yovelTvis cxadad esmoda Taobis su- 

lier cxovrebis melodia, ganwyobileba, iziarebda Taobis naklsa Tu 

Rirsebas, yovelTvis eZebda moqmedi faqtorebis sulieri sibrtyeze pro- 

eqtirebis formebs da icoda - yovelive es ise ubralod da pirdapir ro- 

di erwymis literaturas, rogorc èrTi SexedviT Cans" (paWkoria: `ciska- 

ri", 1974: 50). 

a. sulakauri misi periodis qarTuli sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis cen- 

trSi idga. misTvis ucxo iyo TviTkmayofileba da guldamSvideba. igi 

cxovrebas Soridan macqeralis roliT arasodes dakmayofilebula. ami- 

tomacaa datvirTuli mwerlis Txzulebebi misive epoqisaTvis damaxasia- 

Tebeli saWirboroto sakiTxebiT. albaT, es iyo erT-erTi mizezi im didi 

dainteresebisa, rasac qarTuli kritika iCenda misi Semoqmedebis mimarT. 

gansakuTrebiT gaaqtiurda sazogadoebrivi azri romanis - òqros Tev- 

zis" gamoqveynebis Semdeg (1966 w.). g. gverdwiTeli Tavis werilSi `sami 

avtori, sami romani" did adgils uTmobs a. sulakauris mier romanis Jan- 

rSi miseuli sityvisa da azris damkvidrebis mcdelobas. igi wers: àr- 

Cil sulakauris es romani (òqros Tevzi"), zemoTqmulis miuxedavad, su- 

lac ar tovebs mZime da gamouval STabeWdilebas. romanis finalSi gmi- 

rebi Tavs aRweven am garemos da Tavis momaval cxovrebas imediT 

Sehyureben. masSi simboluradaa gamoxatuli am meSCanuri garemos viwro 

kedlebis damsxvreva da daToc da mirianic namdvil adamianebTan kontaq- 

tebs eswrafvian. yovelive amis gamo romani uTuod imediani da naTeli 

perspeqtivis mqonea" (gverdwiTeli: `mnaTobi", 1966). 

- 12 -

sainteresoa b. JRentis mosazrebani, a. sulakauris romanis òqros 

Tevzis" sajaro ganxilvisas rom gamoTqva mweralTa sasaxleSi. man aR- 

niSna, rom ` òqros Tevzi" avtoris SemoqmedebiT evoluciis maCvenebeli- 

a, misTvis saetapo miRwevaa. indiferentizmi arasodes yofila arCil su- 

lakauris damaxasiaTebeli niSani. axla mweralma pirvelad mohkida xeli 

romanis Janrs. igrZnoba rTuli mxatvruli Canafiqri, gansxvavebuli so- 

cialuri xasiaTebi... aqtualuri, mwvave sazogadoebrivi problemebi, dRe- 

vandeli dedaqalaqi, axalgazrda inteligencia, dramatuli koliziebi, 

konfliqtebi. aq mTavaria konfliqti bnelisa da naTlisa, maRlisa da 

mdabali - qvena grZnobisa... bolo dros daibada tendencia, romliTac 

adamianis sulieri cxovrebis analizi, misi yofa, moqmedeba gancalke- 

vebulia socialuri yofidan, sazogadoebrivi garemodan... romanis gmirebi 

arsebiTsa da dids arafers akeTeben. maTi mizani ar Cans. am gmirebis 

damarcxeba did saqmeTa damarcxebas ar niSnavs. mxolod gancdebis Cve- 

neba ar niSnavs cxovrebis Rrmad gaazrebuli suraTebis Cvenebas" (`lite- 

raturuli saqarTvelo", 2004 w. 22. V). 

mweralTa kavSiris darbazSi gamarTul diskusiaze gamoiTqva sawina- 

aRmdego mosazrebac òqros Tevzis" ideuri Tu mxatvruli Rirebulebis 

Sesaxeb. aRsaniSnavia am kuTxiT l. avalianis kritikuli SeniSvnebi, rom- 

lebic mweralma ase Camoayaliba: `daTo ar aris Zlieri nebisyofis pi- 

rovneba, igi uxerxemlo adamiania, romelic winaaRmdegobas ver uZlebs. 

daTo rTul sulier WidilSi yovelTvis gamarjvebulia moralurad, mag- 

ram damarcxebulia fizikurad da gareSeTa TvalSi. oqros Tevzi mokvda 

- romanis pirvel nawilic gaTavda. ra gamarTleba eqneba am saTaurs Sem- 

dgom nawilebSi? 

`Savi nikoc" Tavis stiqiaSi ar aris naCvenebi. masze informaciebs 

gvawvdis avtori sxvadasxva personaJis piriT, magram moqmedebaSi ki ver 

gviCvenebs, es Seexeba platon baramiZesac. mirianis saxec burusiTaa gare- 

moculi, romanis personaJebis saqcielis logikuri, fsiqologiuri moti- 

vireba aklia. daumTavrebeli epizodidan epizodSi kinematografiuli ga- 

dasvla avtors xels uSlis xasiaTisa da viTarebis gadasvlaSi, 

mkiTxvels ki - aRqmaSi, mwerlis mxatvruli xerxebi gvafiqrebinebs, rom 

igi ar aris bunebiT romanisti (òqros Tevzis" mixedviT), `salamuris 

- 13 -

TavgadasavliT" ki igi rables moswavled warmodgeba. òqros Tevzis" 

Semdeg aseTma gardasaxvam gamaoca" (`literaturuli saqarTvelo", 2004 w. 

22. V). a. sulakauris romanSi `luka~ asaxuli situaciebi, personaJTa 

qcevis motivacia, alegoriuloba, aseve, kritikis sagani gaxda. aseT 

uaryofiT Sefasebas aZlevs am nawarmoebs mwerali r. miSvelaZe: 

`samwuxarod, a. sulakaurs es moTxroba ar gamouvida. nawarmoebis 

warumateblobis umTavresi mizezi gaxlavT is rom, mweralma sruliad 

ulogikod da umizezod gadauxvia realisturi xatvis nacad gzas, scada 

moTxrobaSi naCvenebi sinamdvilis axsna raRac naxevrad fantastikuri, 

religiur-mistikuri faqtorebiT. moTxrobis saerTo xasiaTs mistikur- 

simboluri garemo ar moergo, TviT avtori gaixlarTa misTvis ganucdel 

da xelovnur situaciaSi. mistikurobam STambeWdavad daxatul 

epizodebsac Tavisi Crdili miayena. sabolood, ki TiTqos xeli 

gainTavisuflao, mweralma moTxrobis aseve mxatvrul logikas 

moklebuli, xelovnuri finali mouZebna da wertili swored maSin dasva, 

roca mkiTxvelisaTvis nawarmoebis umTavresi kiTxvebi pasuxgaucemeli 

iyo, rac mTavaria ZiriTadad garkveuli ar gaxlavT avtoris poziciac ki 

(miSvelaZe: kritika, 1973: 49). Aaxla, dRevandelobis gadasaxedidan, aseTi 

Sefasebani SeiZleba ar iyos marTebuli da SeiZleba TviTon kritikosmac 

erTgvarad Seicvala kidec Tavisi maSindeli pozicia, magram es da 

zemoTmotanili faqtebi gviCveneben, Tu rogor Znelad mkvidrdeboda 

mxatvruli gansaxovnebis is axali formebi, romlebic dRes mwerlis 

gamarjvebad migvaCnia. 

a. sulakauris mier romanebSi da moTxrobebSi daxatulma 

personaJebma gamoxates axali idealebi, Zveli stereotipuli azrovnebis 

winaaRmdeg brZolis daucxromeli paTosi. 60-iani wlebis qarTul 

literaturaSi dadga maRali zneobiT aRzrdili, axali gancdebisa da 

ganwyobilebis gmirebis mwerlobaSi damkvidrebis aucilebloba. Aam 

kuTxiT, a. sulakauris prozaSi aSkarad igrZnoba avtoriseuli Zieba - 

monaxos gza da moZebnos swori xedva, raTa gaanalizos gaorebuli ada- 

mianis buneba da misi xasiaTis kontrastuloba. Cveulebriv realobaSi am 

viTarebas, albaT, naklebad vakvirdebiT, magram, roca amaze wers mwera- 

li da mxatvruli sityvis saSualebiT cdilobs Cagvaxedos gmiris fsiqi- 

- 14 -

kis yvelaze Rrma, yvelaze farul SreebSi, mkiTxveli avtoris 

TanaSemoqmedi xdeba da kiTxvebze - ra emarTeba gmirs? ratom Rebulobs 

personaJi am gadawyvetilebas? ra ubiZgebs ama Tu im ucnauri saqcielisa- 

ken? – roca pasuxs poulobs, avtoris mizandasaxulobac miRweulia. 

me-20 saukunis 60-70-iani wlebis qarTuli literaturisadmi interesi 

ukanasknel xans ukve sxva TvalTaxedvas daefuZna. qveyanaSi mimdinare 

cvlilebebis kvaldakval kritikamac saxe icvala. ideologiuri 

Stampebisagan Tavisufali, miukerZoebeli TvaliT gaxda SesaZlebeli zo- 

gierTi nawarmoebis Sesaxeb ukve Sablonad damkvidrebuli Tvalsazrisis 

gadafaseba. magaliTad, rasac socialisturi sazogadoebis e. w. mavne ga- 

movlinebis, konkretulad `kombinatorebis" winaaRmdeg gamarTuli brZo- 

la erqva da, romelic 60-70-ian wlebis qarTuli mwerlobis TematikaSi 

erT-erTi ZiriTadi mimarTuleba iyo, mas samarTlianad uaryofiTi 

Sefaseba mieca. `mainc ra iyo Cveni 60 - 70-iani wlebi da kritikul paTo- 

sad da mamxileblur nakadad monaTluli qarTuli literaturis didi 

nawili? - wers kritikosi r. CxeiZe - zogi ukve yavlgasuli Txzuleba, 

amovardnili samwerlo cxovrebidan, rogorc isev zedapirzeve motivtive, 

radganac jerac daulagebeli da Seufasebelia es xana" (CxeiZe 2001: 5). 

a. sulakauris prozaul qmnilebebs rom dResac aqtiurad ganixilavs 

saliteraturo kritika, amaze kargad miuTiTebs r. CxeiZis 

qvemoTmotanili mosazreba: àrCil sulakauri sifrTxiliT udgeboda 

kombinatorebTan brZolis problemas... jer xelisuflebas mTeli simwva- 

viT ar gamoucxadebia brZola kombinatorebis, rogorc socialisturi 

wyobis mtrebis winaaRmdeg da òqros TevzSi" amitomacaa saqmosani 

mkrTalad warmodgenili. igi sazogadoebrivi garemos erT-erTi Strixia, 

Tumc muqi feriT Sesrulebuli, magram mainc erTi Strixi da ara ufro 

meti" (CxeiZe: 2001. 50). 

Maseve, gansxvavebuli Sefasebis kuTxiT sainteresoa S. CiCuas mier ga- 

moTqmuli mosazrebani: `me ar moviTxov mwerlisagan iseT primitivs, ro- 

goricaa `Savi niko". igi Stampis iers atarebs. mainc vTvliT, rom mwer- 

lobaSi `Savi nikos" gamoCena uTuod dadebiTi movlenaa. igi laparakobs 

Cveni literaturis mebrZol bunebaze. mweralma ar gviCvena rogor afa- 

sebs miriani warsuls da ras apirebs igi momavalSi. miriani bundovanebis 

- 15 -

urusidan unda gamoeyvana mwerals da maSin ufro naTeli iqneboda ro- 

manis simbolika. daTos inteleqtualuri, kulturuli da Teoriuli ga- 

remo ar iZleva imis saSualebas, rom mweralma gvaCvenos gmiris TandaTa- 

nobiT gamofxizlebis, cxovrebis gamocdilebiT SeiaraRebis SesaZ- 

lebloba. warmodgenebisa da sinamdvilis erTmaneTSi gadasvla, maT So- 

ris zRvris moSla ar SeiZleba, daTos ar hyofnis gamarjvebis Sinagani 

Zala da rwmena" (CiCua: `literaturuli saqarTvelo, 1968) 

arCil sulakauris pirvelive moTxrobam `talRebi napirisken miis- 

wrafian", kritikosTa didi interesi gamoiwvia. sakmarisia davasaxeloT: n. 

kakabaZe - `prozaikosis dabadeba" (kakabaZe: `literaturuli gazeTi~, 1961); 

b. baxtaZe - `pirveli nabiji" (baxtaZe: `literaturuli gazeTi~, 1959). g. 

margvelaSvili àrCil sulakauris samyaroSi" (margvelaSvili: mnaTobi, 

1977); g. kankava - èrTi weliwadi axali qarTuli prozis matianedan" (kan- 

kava: mnaTobi, 1959).; n. jantiSvili - `gauxunari raindobis Zala" (jantiS- 

vili: kritika, 1985) da a. S. yvela im kritikuli werilisa da gamoxmau- 

rebis CamoTvla da ganxilva, romlebSic saubaria a. sulakauris roma- 

nebis òqros Tevzi", `TeTri cxeni", misi zRaprebis - `salamuras Tavgada- 

savali", `cisferi iremi", `jadosnuri kaba" da SesaniSnavi moTxrobebis 

Sesaxeb Zalze Sors wagviyvanda da gacdeba erTi sakvlevi Temis far- 

glebs. 

rogorc samecniero literaturis analizi gviCvenebs, a. sulakauris 

Semoqmedeba imTaviTve qarTuli literaturuli kritikis yuradRebisa da 

Seswavlis sagani gaxda. miuxedavad imisa, rom, rogorc davinaxeT, 

gamoqveynebulia ara erTi RirsSesaniSnavi naSromi da werili, a. sulaka- 

uris mxatvruli prozis Taviseburebebis gamowvlilviTi ganxilva dRem- 

de ar qceula Cveni literaturaTmcodneebis Sefasebis sagnad. aqedan 

gamomdinare Cveni naSromis mizania a. sulakauris moTxrobebisa da roma- 

nebis im Tematikisa da mxatvruli Taviseburebebis warmoCena, riTac mwe- 

ralma Tavisi originaluri adgili daimkvidra Tanamedrove qarTul li- 

teraturaSi. sadisertacio naSromis stuqtura aseTia: 

Sesavali. 

Tavi I - arCil sulakauri II msoflio omisSemdgomi literaturuli 

Taobis warmomadgeneli. 

- 16 -

Tavi II - realur da irealur samyaroTa urTierTmimarTebisaTvis 

arCil sulakauris prozaSi. 

Tavi III - arCil sulakauris prozis ZiriTadi problemebi: 

Aa) daxSuli sivrcis - aqvariumis Tema. 

b) omis Tema. 

g) àkrZaluli warsulis~ asaxva. 

Tavi IV - arCil sulakauris prozis poetikis zogierTi sakiTxi. 

Ddaskvna. gamoyenebuli literatura. 

naSromis mecnieruli siaxlea is, rom arCil sulakauris 

Semoqmedebis kvlevis arsebul Sedegebze dayrdnobiT, pirveladaa 

mcdeloba mwerlis mxatvruli prozis im Taviseburebis warmoCena- 

Seswavlisa, riTac man gansakuTrebuli adgili daimkvidra XX saukunis 

meore naxevris qarTul literaturaSi. naSromSi axali kuTxiTaa 

ganxiluli arCil sulakauris mwerluri ostatobis mravali sakiTxi - 

saxe-simboloebiT azrovnebis originaluroba, tradiciuli Tematikisadmi 

gansxvavebuli midgoma, mxatvruli stilis sakiTxebi. arCil sulakauris 

prozis Seswavlam cxadyo, rom man gamorCeuli wvlili Seitana im 

siaxleTa damkvidrebis saqmeSi, romelTa niSniT warimarTa Tanamedrove 

qarTuli prozis ganviTareba. 

naSromis meTodologiuri da Teoriuli safuZvelia TvalsaCino 

qarTveli mwerlebis, mecnier-literaturismcodneTa Tu fsiqologTa 

mxatvrul-esTetikuri da Teoriuli debulebebi, aseve Tanamedrove 

literaturuli masala, romelic exeba mwerlis SemoqmedebiT meTodsa da 

misi stilis Taviseburebebs. 

- 17 -

Tavi I 

arCil sulakauri - II msoflio 

omisSemdgomi literaturuli Taobis warmomadgeneli 

arCil sulakauri im SemoqmedTa Taobas ekuTvnoda, romelTa litera- 

turuli moRvaweobis dasawyisi II msoflio omis Semdgom wlebs daemTxva. 

igi am Taobis erT-erTi saukeTeso warmomadgenelia. es iyo dro, rodesac 

,,mravalerovan" sabWoTa literaturaSi damkvidrebuli iyo yalbi 

paTetika da idealebi. garkveuli viTarebis gamo, Cveni erovnuli 

mwerlobisaTvis idga mZime periodi. miuxedavad amisa, meoce saukunis 

qarTvel mweralTa 60-ianelTa Taobam aqtiuri moqalaqeobrivi paTosiT 

Semoiyvana literaturaSi is gmirebi, romelTac waruSleli kvali dato- 

ves me-20 saukunis qarTuli mwerlobis istoriaSi. termini `samociane- 

lebi" araerTgvarovnad miiRo qarTulma literaturulma kritikam. kriti- 

kosi j. Rvinjilia werda: `sul cota xnis winaT zogi skeptikosi 

uaryofda `samocianelebis" arsebobas Cvens literaturaSi. ver xedavda 

maT rols, ver xedavda maT gansxvavebul niSnebs, ver afasebda maT rols 

literaturul progresSi" (Rvinjilia 1990: 145). 

`didi depresiis xana" - pirobiTad ase uwodes qarTul literaturul 

kritikaSi represiebis Semdgom periods, radgan ideologiuri marwuxebi 

axSobdnen azrisa da sityvis yovelgvar Tavisufal gamoxatvas xelov- 

nebasa Tu mecnierebaSi. swored, `didi depresiis" Semdeg Semoabija qar- 

Tuli mwerlobaSi Tamami nabijebiT e. w. samocianelTa Taobam, romelmac 

moitana axali Temebi, aaRorZina qarTuli literaturuli tradiciebi, 

gamoavlina da daamkvidra cxovrebis Taviseburi, axleburi xedva, pirov- 

nebis siRrmiseuli da mravalsaxovani, mravalmxrivi asaxva, Segnebulad 

uaryo `socialisturi realizmis" oficialurad aRiarebuli saval- 

debulo dogmebi. 

- 18 -

marTebulad axasiaTebs meore msoflio omisSemdgom periods 

kritikosi a. nikoleiSvili: òrmocdaaTiani wlebis me-2 naxevridan 

qarTul mwerlobis aSkara ganaxleba daetyo. es procesi arsebiTad 

ganapirobes im didmniSvnelovanma movlenebma, romelTac 50-iani wlebis 

meore naxevrisa da 60-ian wlebSi iCines Tavi sabWoTa kavSiris 

sazogadoebriv-politikur cxovrebaSi. msoflios mowinave qveynebTan 

adre maqsimalurad SezRuduli kulturuli kavSirurTierTobis 

winandelTan SedarebiT gafarToebam, ideologiuri diqtaturis odnavma 

Sesustebamac ki, rasac ramdenadme azrisa da sityvis Tavisuflebac 

mohyva, agreTve, sxva mniSvnelobis faqtorebma gansazRvruli zegavlena 

moaxdines literaturul procesis aRmavlobaSi. Sedegmac ar daayovna: 

TandaTanobiT gamoikveTa mxatvruli azrovnebis ganaxlebis macne 

arsebiTi tendenciebi, romelTac safuZveli moumzades XX saukunis Cvens 

literaturaSi axali etapis dagvirgvinebas. 

amdroindel qarTuli mwerlobis warmatebas sxvadasxva Taobas 

warmomadgenlebi qmnian. miuxedavad imisa, rom 60-70-ian wlebSi ufrosi 

Taobis araerTma didma warmomadgenelma daasrula sicocxle (g. tabiZe, 

S dadiani, l. qiaCeli, i. griSaSvili, g. leoniZe, s. Ciqovani, k. 

gamsaxurdia, p. kakabaZe, l. goTua) bevri maTganisTvis es periodi 

imavdroulad SemoqmedebiTi aRmavlobis umniSvnelovanes etapad iqca; 

magram 60-70-iani wlebis literaturuli ganaxlebis procesi, upirveles 

yovlisa, mainc im mweralTa saxelebs ukavSirdeba, romlebic omisa da 

omisSemdgom xanaSi gamodian samoRvaweo asparezze - m. lebaniZe, a. 

kalandaZe, m. maWavariani, n. dumbaZe, a. sulakauri, o. CxeiZe, g. 

rCeuliSvili, g. fanjikiZe, S. niSnianiZe, r. miSvelaZe, g. doCanaSvili, t. 

Wanturia, j. Carkviani, v. javaxaZe da sxv.~ (nikoleiSvili 2005: 55) 

a. sulakauri 90-ian wlebSi Jurnal `literatura da xelovnebis" ko- 

respondentTan saubarSi samocianelebze ambobda: `literaturul Taobad 

CamoyalibebaSi udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda drois faqtors. am Taobis 

mxatvrul koncefciaTa erTgvari siaxlove swored drom gansazRvra. 

bolos da bolos SesaZlebeli gaxda profesiis miRma adamianis danaxva. 

adamianis xelaxali aRmoCenis SesaZleblobam da niWierebis xarisxma ga- 

napiroba samocianeli mwerlebis mxatvruli koncefciis siaxlove. adami- 

- 19 -

anis aRmoCenaSi, mwerlis Sinagani `mes" aRmoCenac igulisxmeba (sulakau- 

ri, 1990). 

samocianelebs hyavdaT TavianTi kritikosebi, literaturis Rrma 

mcodneni, romlebmac swori Sefaseba misces da gaanalizes Tanatol li- 

teratorTa esTetikuri idealebi, riTac xeli Seuwyves axalgazrda mwer- 

alTa literaturul SesaZleblobaTa srulyofisa da daxvewis process. 

mTavari Tavisebureba, siaxle, romliTac 60-iani wlebis axalgazrda pro- 

zaikosTa Semoqmedebaa aRbeWdili, iyo is, rom mwerlobaSi saTqmelis aq- 

centma socialuridan fsiqologiurze gadainacvla. im droisaTvis es 

tendencia SeimCneoda, saerTod, e. w. sabWoTa mwerlobaSic. marTebuladaa 

SeniSnuli, rom `literaturis istorikosi gverds ver auvlis 60-ian 

dros Seqmnil prozaul Txzulebebs, romlebSic met-naklebi mxatvruli 

siZlieriT asaxulia Tanamedroveoba da gacemulia mwerlis pasuxi Cveni 

dReebis bevr saWirboroto problemebze" (miSvelaZe 2005: 89). 

qarTveli 60-ianelebis yuradRebis centrSi ubralo, rigiTi adamia- 

nebi moeqcnen. maT SemoqmedebaSi adgili daimkvidra cxovrebidan ganze 

gamdgarma, ubralo, `patara" adamianebis yofam da gancdebma, maTma 

sixarulma da sevdam. maradiuli adamianuri Rirebulebebisaken mobruneba 

qarTuli axalgazrduli prozisaTvis niSnavda axali gamomsaxvelobiTi 

saSualebebis moZiebas. Nn. dumbaZis `me, bebia, iliko da ilarionis~ 

(dumbaZe 1966) gamoqveynebam aRfrTovanebuli TanagrZnoba da siyvaruli 

daimsaxura qarTveli mkiTxvelisa. am wigniT avtorma mkiTxvels didi 

xnis natvra ausrula - qarTul mwerlobaSi gamoCndnen personaJebi, 

romelTac motanes urTierTobaTa sisadave da siTbo, amave dros 

iumoriTa da uSualobiT yuradReba gamaxvilda 60-iani wlebis 

Tanadrouli cxovrebis bevr seriozul zneobriv problemazec. 

XX saukunis 60-iani wlebis qarTuli literaturuli Taobis mier 

mxatvruli siaxleebis damkvidrebisaken miswrafeba, erTgvarad 

ganapiroba msoflio literaturaSi mimdinare procesebmac. evropul da 

amerikul literaturas Tu gadavavlebT Tvals, aq gacilebiT adre 

Caisaxa fsiqologizmi, cnobierebis nakadi, ramac Tavisi gamoxatuleba 

hpova alber kamius, Jan-pol sartris, ernest hemingueis, erskin 

kolduelis, uiliam saroanis, jerom selinjerisa da sxvaTa 

- 20 -

SemoqmedebaSi. adamianis martoobis Temam erT-erTi ZiriTadi adgili 

daikava XX s. amerikul mwerlobaSi. 

`dakarguli Taoba~ uwoda e. hemingueim im omgadaxdil adamianebs, 

romelTac sakuTar Tavze gadaitanes omis mTeli saSineleba. romanSi 

àRmoxdebis mze~ e. hemingueim (heminguei, 1961) didi mxatvruli 

damajereblobiT aCvena Tavisi uaryofiTi damokidebuleba omisa da 

Zaladobis mimarT. Mmweralma asaxvis Temad aqcia konfliqti omis qaossa 

da adamians Soris, daxata Sinaganad gaorebuli, magram Zlieri xasiaTis 

mqone gmirebi. e. hemingueis ostatobam didi gavlena iqonia msoflio 

literaturis Semdgom ganviTarebaze. Uufro metic, rogorc aRniSnaven: 

`hemingueis qarTulad gamoCenam faqtobrivad Secvala maSindeli 

axalgazrduli proza. didi zegavlena moaxdina Targmnilma 

literaturam zogadad qarTul poeziasa da prozaze~ (alxaziSvili: 

`Cveni mwerloba~, 2009: 39) j. Rvinjilias azriT ki, qarTvelma sazoga- 

doebriobam da, kerZod, literaturam dagvianebiT igrZno msoflioSi mim- 

dinare, organulad gancdili sulieri Zvrebi; amitomac igi Tvlida, rom 

siaxleebisaken swrafva samocianelTa SemoqmedebaSi mxolod qarTuli 

sulis moTxovnilebis dadastureba iyo da sxva araferi, Tumca amave 

dros, aRniSnavda, rom àxlis Ziebis, Seqmnis procesi karnaxobda axal- 

gazrda mwerlebis yuri egdoT drois fsiqologiisaTvis da im sami didi 

mizezisaTvisac gaewiaT angariSi, rogoric iyo: teqnikuri revolucia, me- 

ore msoflio omi da mosalodneli globaluri katastrofis gancda" 

(Rvinjilia 1990: 215). 

msoflio literaturaSi mimdinare globalurma cvlilebebma da 

msoflio politikaSi datrialebulma uzarmazarma procesebma, 

Taviseburi gavlena moaxdina XX saukunis qarTuli literaturis 

Semdgom ganviTarebazec. Semodis da mkvidrdeba axali Temebi, axali 

literaturuli stili. 

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani Tema, romelic qarTvel 60-ianelebs 

anaTesavebs imdroindel dasavlur literaturasTan aris martosuli, 

gaucxoebuli adamianis problema. sazogadoeba da pirovneba TiTqos 

srul harmoniaSia erTmaneTTan, magram es mxolod iluziaa, sinamdvileSi 

personaJebi daRlilebi, da martosulebi arian. sad unda ipovos XX 

- 21 -

saukunis boboqari cxovrebis mouwesrigebeli garemoTi, urbanizmiT 

daRlilma adamianma sulis simSvide? – am kiTxvaze pasuxi gaucemeli 

darCa evropuli literaturis iseT cnobil warmomadgenlebs rogorebic 

iyvnen alber kamiu (kamiu, 1990) da Jan-pol sartri (sartri, 2006). Mamave 

dros, calke unda aRiniSnos, rom XX saukunis msofliosa da 

gansakuTrebiT amerikul literaturaSi wamyvani adgili daikava 

mozardis, axalgazrda Taobis safiqralisa da tkivilis asaxvam. 

yuradRebis sagani gaxda ymawvilis samyaros Cveneba, romelic cxovrebas 

xedavs Seuryvneli, faqizi TvaliTa da grZnobiT. 

spetaki, bavSvis TvalebiT danaxuli amerika gagvacno jerom 

selinjerma (selinjeri, 1968) Tavisi romanebiT. j. selenjeris 

SemoqmedebaSi omi masobrivi ganadgurebis, adamianTa fizikurad da 

sulierad mospobis iaraRad aris gamoyvanili, misi naomari gmiri 

kontuzirebuli, fsiqikurad tramvirebuli adamiania. 60-iani wlebis 

qarTul mwerlobaSi es tendenciac aisaxa. Aaxalgazrda mwerlebma da 

maT Soris arCil sulakaurma dagvixates bavSvis, mozardi Taobis 

sulieri samyaro, aRbeWdili cxovrebiseuli tragikuli peripetiebiT da 

movlenebiT, gagvacnes maTi TvaliT danaxuli omi, borotebisa da sikeTis 

Widili. 

ase exmianeboda saerTo-sakacobrio problemebs, mxatvruli 

literaturis saSualebiT, qarTveli adamianis tkiviliani safiqrali da 

interesebi. adamianis, pirovnebis Rrma wvdoma, TanamedroveTa moraluri 

saxis piruTvneli Cveneba, axali Temebis damkvidreba da originaluri 

gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis Zieba - ai, ra daisaxa miznad Tavis 

nawarmoebebSi qarTuli mwerlobis axalma Taobam, romelsac 60-ianelebs 

vuwodebT da romlis Rirseuli warmomadgeneli arCil sulakauri iyo. 

Aam viTarebis Sesaxeb j. Rvinjilia ase wers: 

`magram rogorc ki am sulier ZvrebTan erovnuli qarTuli sulis da- 

mokidebuleba iqca qarTuli literaturis mTavar Temad, maSin, cxadi Se- 

iqna, raoden bunebrivi, organuli da TavisTavadi iyo is sityva, ris 

Tqmasac apirebda qarTuli mwerloba. adamianis saerTo sakacobrio tkivi- 

lebi erTiandeba qarTveli adamianis, rogorc erovnuli fenomenis, tkivi- 

lebTan da interesebTan. igi aRbeWdilia dRevandelobis mZafri sulis- 

- 22 -

kveTebiT, da axlac, rogorc yovelTvis, cdilobs ar CamorCes dros" 

(Rvinjilia 1990: 220). 

a. sulakauris Taobis siaxleebisaken swrafva, ukompromiso Semoqme- 

debiTi principebis, erovnul-moqalaqeobrivi poziciebis, degradirebuli 

zneobriobis aRdgenis cdaSi gamoixata. literatura TandaTan ubrun- 

deboda qarTuli mwerlobis tradiciebs. amitomac ganzogadda 60-ian 

wlebSi Seqmnili literatura saerTo SinaarsiT, rogorc `mxilebisa da 

mitevebis" xana. siaxliT aRbeWdil moTxrobebsa da romanebSi aSkarad 

igrZnoba publicisturi stili. 

50-60-ian wlebSi totalitaluri reJimis simkacris erTgvarma 

Serbilebam, ideologiuri zewolis odnavma Sesustebam, sabWoTa qveynis 

cxovrebaSi biZgi misca oficiozisagan gansxvavebuli azrovnebis 

gamoRviZebas. qveyndeba a. solJenicinis moTxroba ìvan denisoviCis erTi 

dRe", Tumca mwerlobaze zewola isev grZeldeba. 70-ian wlebSi iwyeba 

brZola disidenturi moZraobis warmomadgenlebsa da `saqmosanTa" wina- 

aRmdeg. marTebulad wers kritikosi r. CxeiZe am viTarebis Sesaxeb: `res- 

publikaSi kadrebis araswori SerCeva, korufciisa da meqrTameobis mi- 

marT wayrueba, saxalxo meurneobis moSla, proteqcionizmi, mSromelTa 

saCivrebis mimarT gulgrili damokidebuleba - yvelaferi es, kidev sxva 

danaSaulebebi, rac 60-ian wlebs da erTmmarTvels miewereba, rogorc so- 

cialisturi cxovrebis wesisagan gadaxveva, sinamdvileSi gamoxatavda 

swored socialisturi normebsa da wyobilebas da yovelTvis iyo niSan- 

doblivi sabWoTa saqarTvelos yofisaTvis - manamdec da mas Semdegac" 

(CxeiZe 2001: 16). 

qarTvel mweralTa didma nawilma, nebsiT Tu uneblied, mxari 

dauWira qveyanaSi moralur-zneobrivi klimatis gajansaRebis mtkicebas. 

TiTqos daviwyebulia wyena partiis mimarT, mSoblebis represirebis gamo, 

aTasobiT udanaSaulio qarTvelis sikvdilisa da katorRaSi gamwesebis 

gamo. 

`Tqven ebrZodiT saqarTveloSi WeSmaritad erovnul mwerlobas da 

mecnierebas", - am brals wauyenebs zviad gamsaxurdia saqarTvelos 

komunistebis maSindel Tavkacs - samagierod, aayvaveT `murtalo-kukara- 

- 23 -

Cebis" da Semwvari `nekebis" cru literatura da antierovnuli mecnie- 

reba" (CxeiZe 2001: 19). 

rogorc aRniSnaven, saxelmwifom da masTan erTad mwerlobam omi ga- 

moucxada sakuTari mosaxleobis erT mcire nawils - `kombinatorebs", 

`saqmosnebs", romlebsac anaqronizmad da àxal burJuaziad" naTlavdnen. 

socialistur azrovnebasa da moCvenebiTi ZalisxmeviT, yalbi idealebiT 

nasazrdoeb yofas aSinebda axali cxovrebis wesisa da zneobriv miswra- 

febaTa damkvidreba, masSi sazogadeobriv ganwyobilebaze zemoqmedebis 

saSiS tendencias xedavda; sabWoTa ideologebi mixvdnen, rom e. w. 

`burJuaziis" praqticizmi, dauSreteli energia, moqmedebisunarianoba 

Zirs uTxrida miTs kapitalizmis `sidamplisa da gaxrwnilebis" Sesaxeb. 

60-70-ian wlebSi saxelmwifo dakveTiT da xelisufalTa zewoliT 

araerTi tendenciuri nawarmoebi gamoqveynda iseTi cnobili qarTveli 

mwerlebisa, rogorebic iyvnen n. dumbaZe (`maradisobis kanoni"), guram 

fanjikiZe (`Tvali patiosani", `meSvide ca~), a. sulakauri (`pawawina nig- 

zvis toti"), r. WeiSvili (`Cemi megobari nodari") da sxvebi; magram es iyo 

politikuri cxovrebis erTi mxare, romelmac Taviseburi asaxva hpova 

imdroindel literaturaSi; Tumca am tendencias xeli ar SeuSlia ze- 

moTCamoTvlili mwerlebisaTvis SeeqmnaT mamxilebeli paTosiT ganmsWva- 

luli maRalmxatvruli nawarmoebebic, romelTac Tavisi Rirseuli adgi- 

li daimkvidres XX s. qarTul mwerlobaSi. 

60-iani wlebis axalgazrduli prozis TiTqmis yvela warmomadgenel- 

ma Tavisi individualurobiT gaamdidra am periodis qarTuli literatu- 

ra. amave dros, maSin bevrs laparakobdnen axalgazrda mwerlebis ucxou- 

ri literaturiT gatacebaze. erovnuli literaturis tradiciebis 

nihilistur damokidebulebaze da a. S., magram drom yvelasaTvis Tvalsa- 

Cino gaxada, rom 60-iani wlebis axalgazrda mwerlebis Semoqmedebas upi- 

ratesad erovnul niadagSi hqonda fesvebi gadgmuli da iqidan 

Rebulobda sasicocxlo Zalas. 

yoveli axali literaturuli Taoba erovnuli mwerlobis garda 

uxvad sazrdoobs (da unda sazrdoobdes kidec) sakacobrio kulturis 

saganZuriT, siaxlis mTavari mastimulirebeli ki Tanamedrove msoflios 

saukeTeso mweralTa miRwevebia. ase iyo maSinac, roca a. sulakauri movi- 

- 24 -

da qarTul prozaSi. àrc imis Tqma SeiZleba, TiTqos 60-iani wlebis qar- 

Tulma prozam ar ganicada ama Tu sxva gamoCenili Tanamedrove mwer- 

lebis metnaklebi gavlena, nayofieri zemoqmedeba. Tumca, cxadia, es uf- 

ro maRali saxis WeSmariti SemoqmedebisaTvis saWiro da SesaZlo gakve- 

Tili iyo, romelic arc ase iolad miiReba da arc ase martivad mimsgav- 

sebaSi mJRavndeba" (gverdwiTeli `mnaTobi", 1981: 119). 

siaxlis damkvidrebis miswrafebiT mwerlobaSi Semosulma axalma 

Taobam kidev erTi, mxolod misTvis niSandoblivi Tviseba Semoitana - 

daxvewili profesionalizmi, sakuTari stili da xelwera: `samociani 

wlebis qarTuli mwerloba pirovnebis sulier samyaroSi CarRmavebis 

gziT ganviTarda. es procesi warmatebiT grZeldeba dResac. mwerlobam 

Tavi daaRwia saxotbo ganwyobilebebs da yalb paTetikas. misma niWierma 

warmomadgenlebma ZiriTadad gansazRvres qarTuli mwerlobis dRevande- 

li saxe da misi uaxlesi momavlis perspeqtivebi" (paWkoria 1974: 81). 

a. sulakauris Tanamedrove literaturulma Taobam qarTul prozaSi 

Semoitana lirikis elementebi. unda iTqvas, rom qarTul mwerlobaSi es 

ar iyo axali, tradiciebs moklebuli movlena. a. sulakauris mxatvrul 

prozaSic Zalumad igrZnoba poeturi stili, aq yvelaferi, rac mkiTxvel- 

ze Zlier STabeWdilebas axdens, Tavisi genezisiT poezias ganekuTvneba. 

rogorc aRvniSneT, mwerali prozaSi poeziidan movida da Tan mohyva li- 

rikisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli weris manera. 

a. sulakauris pirveli moTxroba 1957 wels daibeWda. es iyo Jurnal 

`ciskris" dabadebis weli da egreTwodebul `ciskrelTa" anu qarTul 

mwerlobaSi axalgazrda Taobis mosvlis xana. a. sulakauri am wlebSi 

Jurnal `mnaTobis" redaqciaSi muSaobda. misi redaqtoris, axalgaz- 

rdobis didi qomagisa da damrigeblis simon Ciqovanis mzrunveli Tanad- 

gomiT iyo garemociuli. Tavis axal nawarmoebebsac metwilad am Jurnal- 

Si aqveynebda. miuxedavad amisa, igi `ciskrelTa" Taobas miekuTvneba. 

a. sulakauris Taobis kritikosi s. caiSvili werda: àRsaniSnavia, rom 

arCil sulakaurs rogorc pirovnebas, mwerals, imTaviTve hqonda iseTi 

Tviseba, romelsac sxvebisTvis sWirdeba da mxolod gamocdilebasTan 

erTad modis. arCils pirvelive gacnobisTanave, me momeCvena da vgoneb, 

arc Sevmcdarvar, rom mas ukve moeswro Tavis TavSi daeTrguna moumwi- 

- 25 -

febeli azrebiTa da saeWvo ganaTlebiT fonis iolad gasvlisadmi midre- 

kileba, rac, samwuxarod, arc Tu iSviaTi xilia axalgazrdobis wlebSi. 

mis sityvas yovelTvis fasi hqonda, radgan fiqrsa da dakvirvebaze iyo 

aRmocenebuli. es iSviaTi niWi beWediviT azis mis mSvenier leqsebsa da 

cxovrebiseuli codniT ganmsWvalul moTxrobebs, mTel mis Semoqmedebas" 

(caiSvili 1990: 105). 

sainteresod axasiaTebs mwerlis mier ganvlil gzas mkvlevari l. ar- 

CvaZec: àrCil sulakauri im mweralTa ricxvs ekuTvnis, romelTa Semoq- 

medebac erovnuli literaturis fesvebzea aRmocenebuli da tradiciul 

formebTan erTad siaxlis utyuari niSniTaa aRbeWdili. Zlierma poetur- 

ma impulsma gansazRvra misi, rogorc mwerlis Tavisebureba. arCil sula- 

kauris Semoqmedeba leqsidan moTxrobamde Sinagani winaaRmdegobebiT aR- 

savse, Zneli da rTuli gamodga da mainc, aris raRac Zlieri da lamazi, 

rac saerTo maxasiaTeblad gamodgeba misi poeziisa da prozisaTvis. misi 

poezia Taviseburi aRsarebaa, gamxelili tkivilia, Cumi dialogia saku- 

Tar TavTan da mkiTxvelTan, romelTanac misvlas gasaocari sisadaviT 

da ubraloebiT aRwevs" (arCvaZe: `literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1992). 

a. sulakauris SemoqmedebaSi, poeziasa Tu prozaSi erTnairad ig- 

rZnoba saTqmelis gadmocemis axali formis Zieba. mis poeziaSi gamoxatu- 

lia lirikuli gmiris TviTSemecnebis tkiviliT Tu sixaruliT aRsavse 

gza. swored, am viTarebis Sesaxeb werdnen: `Cven, marTalia, xSirad gvig- 

rZvnia poeziaSi gulubryvilobis, miamitobis momnusxveli mSveniereba, 

magram, vin icis, iqneb nakleb mimzidveli ar iyos swored gansjiTi inte- 

leqtualuri cnobierebis Semotana poeziaSi. aris raRac uaRresad 

momxibvleli azris iseT aRzevebaSi, mis srul da ganuyofel gam- 

geblobaSi, mis unarSi - wonasworobis daukargavad moigerios grZnobad 

impulsTa Semotevebi" (gverdwiTeli: `mnaTobi", 1981: 156) 

a. sulakaurisaTvis Tavidanve ucxo iyo yalbi paTetika, myvirala 

frazebi. niSandoblivia, rom qarTuli miwisa da mamulis siyvarulis 

STagonebiT dawerili misi pirvelive leqsi `nu gaTaTrdebi" sevdiTa da 

rwmeniT aRavsebs mkiTxvels. 

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, a. sulakauri 60-ianelTa im Taobas ekuT- 

vnoda, romelTa samwerlo debiuti meore msoflio omis Semdeg Sedga; 

- 26 -

amitom bunebrivia, rom misi lirikuli gmiris sulieri samyaro omgamov- 

lili, `dakarguli Taobis" WrilobebiT iyo aRbeWdili. amasTan erTad 

isic unda iTqvas, rom mwerlis msoflmxedvelobisaTvis ucxoa sulieri 

krizisi, Tumca sevda da melanqoliuri ganwyobileba xSirad xazgasmu- 

lad SeigrZnoba mis nawarmoebebSi. 

mwerlobaSi a. sulakauris pirveli nabijebis Sesaxeb sainteresod 

mogviTxrobs kritikosi g. gverdwiTeli: `maxsovs, universitetis xalxiT 

gaWedili saaqto darbazi sulganabuli rom usmenda arCil sulakaurs, 

maSin jer kidev studenti, igi scenaze idga da dafiqrebiT, dinjad, 

dabali xmiT, sevdianad da morcxvad, TiTqmis CurCuliT gvikiTxavda sa- 

kuTar leqsebs. mere erTbaSad ifeTqebda darbazi da veRar itevda axal- 

gazrda poetis Tayvanismcemeli studentebis mozRvavebul emociebs. Wabuk 

poets ki darbazi manam ar micemda saSvels, sanam leqss `nu gaTaTrdebi" 

ar waikiTxavda" (gverdwiTeli, `mnaTobi", 1981: 10). a. sulakauri jer kidev 

sruliad axalgzarda axerxebs daimkvidros Tavisi adgili Cvens mwer- 

lobaSi. misi marTali sityva erTnairad Zlieria leqsSic da prozaSic. 

marTebulad migvaCnia mwerlisa da kritikosis r. miSvelaZis mosazreba, 

romelic man a. sulakauris 70-iani wlebis poeziaze dakvirvebis Sedegad 

gamoTqva: `me momeCvena rom es leqsebi poetis SemoqmedebiTi gzis organu- 

li nawilic aris da Tavisi temperamentiTa da melodiurobiT gansxva- 

vebuli, xmac ufro sevdiani, ufro wynari, Wabukuri vnebebisagan Tavisu- 

fali da alag mwuxare reqviemiviT Taviseburad momxibvleli da damafiq- 

rebelia" (miSvelaZe 1990: 15). Aa. sulakauris, rogorc 60-iani wlebis 

literaturuli Taobis gamoCenili warmomadgenlis, mwerlobaSi `sabWoTa 

evropeizmis~ (g. margvelaSvili) damamkvidreblis Semoqmedeba kidev 

mravaljer iqneba gansjisa da Sefasebis sagani. SeiZleba gaCndes 

erTgvari daukmayofileblobis grZnoba, rom misi Tanamedrove qarTuli 

kritika bolomde ver Cawvda mwerlis prozaul qmnilebebSi arsebul 

alegoriul qveteqstebs, mis mTavar saTqmels, romelic im SemTxvevaSi 

iqneba SesaZlebeli, Tu kompleqsurad SevxedavT im sirTuleebs, romelic 

mweralma dasZlia simbolur-metaforuli gansaxovnebis saSualebiT. 

a. sulakauri 60-70-iani wlebis literaturuli Taobis Rirseuli war- 

momadgeneli iyo. man icxovra Tavisi epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli rTuli 

- 27 -

cxovrebiT; misi sityva yovelTvis iyo datvirTuli azriT, originaluri 

saTqmeliTa da siyvaruliT adamianebisadmi. 

Tavi II 

realur da irealur samyaroTa urTierTmimarebisaTvis 

arCil sulakauris prozaSi 

arCil sulakauris prozis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mxatvruli 

Tavisebureba sizmriTa da winaTgrZnobiT ganpirobebuli movlenebis 

Sesaxeb Txrobaa, romelSic personaJTa xasiaTebi upiratesad maT mier 

warmosaxuli fantaziiT warmoCindeba. mwerali saTqmels xSirad ise 

gvawvdis, rom mis àmosacnobad" dafaruli qveteqstis erTgvari `gaSif- 

vra" gvWirdeba. am kuTxiT sainteresoa a. sulakauris SemoqmedebaSi sinam- 

dvilisa da warmosaxulis mimarTebis sazRvrebis dadgena, maTi urTier- 

TkavSiris mxatvruli logika. 

a. sulakauris prozaSi ambavi isea gadmocemuli, rom xSirad 

waSlilia zRvari warmosaxul samyarosa da yofiT sinamdviles Soris. 

personaJebi cxovroben da moqmedeben rogorc realur, aseve TavianTi 

ocnebiT Seqmnil sizmriseul garemoSi. aq warmosaxuli realobas 

enacvleba, avsebs, misi gagrZelebaa, an piriqiT. asea es moTxrobebsa da 

romanebSi òqros Tevzi", `TeTri cxeni", `luka", àbelis dabruneba", 

`gabo" da sxva. sinamdvilisa da fantaziis, warmosaxulis mimarTebaze 

jer kidev antikuri droidan msjelobdnen xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargis 

warmomadgenlebi, literatorebi, filosofosebi. miiCneven, rom ramdena- 

dac warmosaxvam Seqmna samyaro, swored, warmosaxva marTavs mas. warmo- 

saxva usazRvroa maSin, roca sinamdviles mxolod misi umniSvnelo nawi- 

li ukavia. mweralma unda SeZlos am ori urTierTdapirispirebuli 

samyaros Sexvedris saidumlos amocnoba (kamiu 1990: 100). 

a. sulakauri Tavis nawarmoebebSi (sulakauri 1975; 1988; 1986) cdilobs 

Rrmad Caswvdes gmiris Sinagani samyaros urTules niuansebs da, swored, 

- 28 -

am mizniT xatavs igi misi personaJebis mier warmosaxul garemosa da maT 

irealur xilvebs. mwerals mkiTxvelis analitikuri gansjis samsjavroze 

gamoaqvs gmiris Sinagan samyaroSi mimdinare fisqologiuri kataklizmebi. 

sizmriT adamianis qvecnobieri samyaros gamovlenis formas, a. sulakauri 

mimarTavs rogorc erT-erT mxatvrul xerxs - ganaviTaros siuJeti an 

gmiris xasiaTi axali kuTxiT warmoaCinos. 

sizmris ucnauri bunebis axsna sxvadasxva mecnierTa kvleva-Ziebis 

sagnadaa qceuli. `vin ar icis - aRniSnavda, d. uznaZe, rom sizmarSi sao- 

cari ambebisa da SemTxvevis mowmeni vxvdebiT. iq empiriulad SeuZlebeli 

da warmoudgenelic realuri sinamdvilis saxes Rebulobs, iq yvelaferi 

xdeba da xSirad bevri ram iseTic, rac arsebiTad ewinaaRmdegeba adamia- 

nis azrovnebas. survilebis-nebelobis moTxovnilebis da misdami kriti- 

kuli damokidebulebis nasaxic ar SemiCneva" (uznaZe 1958: 34). sainteresoa, 

rom Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSic aqcevdnen yuradRebas sizmris bunebas, 

mis arss. ioane petriwi ase ayalibebs mizezebs, romlebic iwveven siz- 

mrebis xilvas: `samni saqmeni sizmarTa gvauwyeben: pirveli igi wmindaTa 

ars uwyeba, xolo meore eSmakTa ars boroti. da mesame ars naxsovni dRi- 

sisaTa saqmeTa xsovna, raca SemhTxveodes vis" (petriwi 1968). sulxan-saba 

orbelianis ganmartebiT, sizmari àrs Zali sulisa mSvinvierisai da ra 

daeZinos sxeulsa, suli mSvinvieri da suli gonieri ara mZinare ars da 

suli gonieri zraxvn Tavsa Soris Tvissa da gonierebiTa ganicdis rais- 

ca" (orbeliani 1993: 88). sizmari a. sulakauris personaJebisaTvis aris 

realobis Canacvlebis, masTan dapirispirebis saSualeba, sasurveli 

oreuli im garemosi, sadac isini moqmedeben da cxovroben. moTxrobebSi 

da romanebSi - ,,oqros Tevzi", ,,TeTri cxeni", ,,luka", ,,abelis 

dabruneba", ,,gabo" da sxva sizmari da xilva saSualebas aZlevs 

personaJs Seqmnas iluzia, riTac daupirispirdeba im mikrosamyaros, 

romelSic daZabul adamianur urTierTobebze damyarebuli 

mouwesrigebeli cxovrebiseuli garemo arsebobs. 

berikaci - Zveli memanqane gabo (`gabo") svaneTis ubanSi martodmarto 

cxovrobs. misi erTaderTi imedi patara SviliSvili gugutaa, romelic 

susti ZafiviT akavSirebs am samyarosTan moxucis sicocxles. gabos 

sixaruli da bedniereba warsulSi CarCenila, amitomac mxolod sizmri- 

- 29 -

seul CvenebebSia berikaci Tavisufali, kvlav axalgazrda, sicocxliTa 

da energiiT aRsavse moagrialebs orTqmavals, romelsac samocdaCvidmeti 

vagoni aqvs gamobmuli, im vagonebSi ki ocdaSvidi aTasi mgzavria: `gabos 

tangauxdels sZinavs, ZilSi matareblebi uxmoben isev. gabo, ga-bo, ga-bo? 

gabriel? dafeTebuli wamoiWreba da miayurebs. saxli zanzarebs, 

fanjris minebi zrialebs. es ukve namdvili matarebelia, iseTi, TviTon 

rom daaqrolebda xolme liandagebze. sivrceSi orTqmavlis kivilisa da 

borblebis dgandgaris xmebi datova, xmebi sakvirveli siswrafiT Sor- 

deboda berikacs da sadRac Sors inTqmeboda - mZafri suni igrZno. Ddag 

– dug, dag-dug. guli ucemda gabos... gza mieciT, matarebeli modis, Zve- 

li, beberi matarebeli qSeniT, qoTqoTiT, dagadugiT modis... memanqane se- 

mafors gaxedavs, RameSi mwvane Tvali anTia. gza gaxsnilia, modis dgan- 

dgariT, grial-grialiT... win didi sadguri egebeba, naTeli, maRali baq- 

nebiT egebeba didi sadguri. gza, ... gza! modis Zveli, beberi matarebeli" 

(`gabo~)*. 

sizmari berikacs imitom uyvars, rom is, rasac igi eltvis, mxolod 

iq aris misTvis misawvdomi, iq mSviddeba misi dramatuli vnebaTaRelva. 

aseve, mravlisdamtevi da fsiqologiurad daZabulia lukas fantazia 

(`luka"). nawarmoebSi mozardis cxovreba ar aris datvirTuli martooden 

irealuri gancdebiT. igi moqmedebs, ibrZvis TviTdamkvidrebisaTvis, 

iswrafvis axlis Secnobisaken. romanis CarCo TiTqos imeorebs cxovrebas. 

amdenad, personaJi ar aris SemosazRvruli mxolod fiqrebis, ocnebis 

garemoTi, gaucnobierebeli impulsebiT. mwerali mogviTxrobs ambavs, ise, 

rogorc es sinamdvileSi xdeba. ambis qronologiuri mdinareba areguli- 

rebs nawarmoebis TiToeul komponents. a. sulakauri sagangebo yurad- 

Rebas aqcevs siuJetis ganviTarebis motivirebas, roca erTi moqmedeba me- 

oresTan mizez-Sedegobrivad aris dakavSirebuli. magram, xSirad 

TxrobaSi ambis mosalodnel ganviTarebas win uswrebs sizmari da xilva, 

rogorc momavlis mauwyebeli da mimaniSnebeli. ase, magaliTad, obol 

biWs dedis simRera esmis: 

`mowyda, moeSva, Tavi sakuTar mklavze miasvena. oTaxis siRrmidan sim- 

Rera moesma, albaT deda mReroda: 

- 30 -

*aq da sxvagan a. sulakauris mxatvruli teqstebis citirebisas, davasaxelebT mxolod 

nawarmoebis saTaurs 

`mouoxeT, batonebo, batonebo, mouxoeT... 

lamazi batonebia, ia da vardi hfenia"... 

lukam didi mwvane mindori dainaxa, yvavilebiT mofenil mindorze TeT 

ri cxvari da Txis jogi gamoCnda. Txis jogSi erTi lamazi TeTri Tika- 

ni SekuntruSda da Sexta" (`luka~). lukas sizmari erTgvarad 

winaswarmetyvelebs imaze, rom biWis momavali sasikeTod warimarTeba, 

magram isic miniSnebulia, rom am sikeTemde misaRwevad msxverplad 

Sewirvis, tarigis gza iqneba gasavleli. mwerali asaxavs oboli biWis 

gancdebsa da Rrma dramatizmiT aRsavse bavSvobis wlebs. biWis mSfoTva- 

re suli TavSesafars xSirad irealur samyaroSi poulobs. igi Tavs afa- 

rebs sizmriseul zmanebebsa da xilvebs, sadac misi pirovneba 

Tavisufali da amayia. biWebTan Cxubis Semdeg luka warmosaxul samyaro- 

Si axorcielebs mas, rac sinamdvileSi ver SeZlo: 

`bogdanam etli gaaCera. jer luka da maiko Casxa, mere TviTon avida 

da maT Soris moTavsda.- saiT? - ikiTxa meetlem. 

- CuRureTSi - upasuxa bogdanam. 

etli daiZra. aseT fufunebas biWi ar eloda. im SiSisa da da- 

Zabulobis Semdeg uecarma siamovnebam moTenTa da moaduna. siamovnebas 

gvrida etlis neli rweva, cxenebis floqvTa Tanazomieri TqaraTquri, me- 

etlis veeberTela tani... saxlebi swrafad garbodnen ukan, saxlebi da 

trotuarze mosiarule adamianebi. 

ei, luka! - dauZaxa uceb viRacam. luka gadaixara da Tanaklaseli da- 

inaxa, uCa Savdia. uCa gamwarebuli mosdevda etls, Tan CanTas moiqnevda. 

saocrad gaxarebuli iyo, lukas eZaxda, xels uqnevda, lukamac dauqnia 

xeli. etli kidev erT lukas Tanaklasels daewia, merme - meores. axla 

ukve samni misdevdnen... etls adevnebulTa ricxvi gaizarda. yiJiniT mos- 

devdnen etls, raRac gaurkvevels eubnebodnen lukas, lukasac uxaroda - 

ra uxaroda? uceb moeCvena, rom es asec unda momxdariyo. gamarjvebuli 

brundeboda Sin da sxva riTi unda dabrunebuliyo Tu ara etliT; magram 

- 31 -

meore dRes moxda yvelaze saocari ram - lukas klaselebidan arcerT 

biWs ar gaxsenebia guSindeli triumfatori, rac lukaSi did gaocebas 

iwvevs. igi veRar garkveula sizmari iyo guSindeli misi Tavgadasavali 

Tu sinamdvile. Tumca mTavari aq es ar aris, mTavaria - lukas Seusrul- 

da ocneba. man ganicada bednieri wamebi, igi amayad da gamarjvebulad 

grZnobda Tavs. mis etls klaseli biWebi SuriT adevnebdnen Tvals da 

aRtacebulebi ukan mosdeven~. 

sizmarSi drois SegrZneba gauqmebulia, wuTSi SeiZleba mTeli saaTis 

saTqmeli Caetios. sagnebi hipertrofirebulia. zogi sizmari ise Searyevs 

pirovnebis fsiqikas, rom mis mexsierebaSi wlebis manZilze cocxlobs. am 

mxriv sainteresoa daTo naTiSvilis sizmari (òqros Tevzi"). igi aSkarad 

Seicavs winaswarmetyvelur miniSnebas, romlis axsnasac avtori mTel ro- 

manis manZilze cdilobs: 

`daTos Tvlema moeria... qudebis maRaziaSi miriani, niko korinTeli 

da daTo, ratomRac, erTad Sevidnen. daTosaTvis qudi unda eyidaT. 

gamyidveli eZebda, magram ver miagnes, uceb moesmaT qalis xma, romelic 

Zalian hgavda cicinos xmas: - aq mxolod bavSvis qudebi iyideba - 

mxolod bavSvis qudebi iyideba - bavSvis qudebi iyideba. niko korinTeli 

mainc Sevida daxlSi da qudebis gadmolageba daiwyo. merme yvela maTga- 

nis morgebas cdilobda daTos Tavze. yvela qudi patara iyo, niko korin- 

Teli mainc axuravda. daTo wvalobda, itanjeboda. bolos sul patara 

zomis qudi amoarCia mirianma. nikom ZaliT Camoacva es qudi daTos. qudi 

Sublsa da kefaze uWerda, sunTqva aRar SeeZlo, Tanac tkivilis gamxela 

akrZaluli hqonda". cudad auxda daTo naTiSvils es sizmari. niko ko- 

rinTelma aTasgvari SemovliTi gzebiT scada daTo Tavisi gavlenis qveS 

moeqcia, `Tavisi qudi moergo misTvis", magram daTo droze miuxvda avka- 

cobas da CamoiSora. 

mwerlis poeturi bunebis Tavisebureba sizmris TxzvaSic vlindeba. 

simboloebiTaa datvirTuli patara biWis sizmaric moTxrobaSi `biWi da 

ZaRli": 

`mtkvris napiri daesizmra: viTom nagazi napirze datova da TviTon 

talRebSi Securda. talRebi Cveulebrivze didi iyo da Tbili. Ronivrad 

aisrola biWi zeviT, merme daaqanebda, daqanebisas sunTqva ekvroda, mag- 

- 32 -

am es imdenad sasiamovno iyo, xandaxan yiJinac ki aRmoxdeboda... merme 

talRebma nacnob aivnis win Caatares biWi... mtkvarze gadmokidebul aivan- 

ze aravin Canda. carieli iyo. uceb moajirs gamoeyuda SavulvaSiani me- 

loti kaci, romelsac Savi, wvrili Tvalebi hqonda. melot kacs ulva- 

Sebi swrafad ezrdeboda, nawnavebiviT CamougrZelda ulvaSis boloebi 

ukve mdinares wvdeboda, talRa xvdeboda, aqanavebda. biWs SeeSinda, swra- 

fad mitrialda da napirisken mousva. rogorc iyo, Tvali mohkra napirs, 

magram napirze ZaRli aRarsad Canda. mTeli ZaliT usvamda mklavebs, 

talRidan talRaze gadadioda, maRla asrolili napirs gaxedavda. 

riyeze qvebi TiTqos gazrdiliyvnen, uzarmazar lodebad qceuliyvnen" 

(`biWi da ZaRli"). 

moTxrobaSi aRwerili sizmriT a. sulakaurma kargad gviCvena patara 

gias rTuli urTierToba garesamyarosTan, misi brZola gadarCenisaTvis. 

aq sizmari subieqtis, sizmris mnaxvelis cnobierebiTaa Seqmnili da gar- 

kveul biZgs iZleva siuJetis Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis. a. sulakauris 

personaJebis momavali bedi umetesad sizmrebiTaa gacxadebuli. am gziT 

mwerali axerxebs nawarmoebSi emociuri muxtis SenarCunebas, riTac did 

zemoqmedebas axdens mkiTxvelze. yovelive es ki aSkarad aniWebs mis pro- 

zas poetur elfers, maRalmxatvrul Rirebulebas. 

yvela zemoT dasaxelebuli sizmari TiTqmis dasrulebuli, calke 

ambavia, romelic simboloebiTaa datvirTuli. sizmarSi nanaxi sagnebi, 

gancdili ambebi meordeba personaJis cxovrebaSic, amitom igi momavlis 

winaswarmetyvelebacaa; magram zogjer pirovnebas ar esmis xilvis iduma- 

li ena, ver igebs gangebis saidumlo niSnebiT metyvelebas, sizmris saxiT 

nawinaswarmetyvelebi momavlis Sesacnobad misi gonebis kari daxSulia, 

igi realobis tyvea. a. sulakaurTan sizmari aris SemaerTebuli samsWva- 

li warsulisa da momavals Soris. swored, aseTi sizmari ixila 

moTxrobis - `Jami dasvenebisa" gmirma guramma: `merme, etyoba, mzem 

gaabrua da waTvlima... didxans dacuravda wyalqveS lorwovan da moCva- 

rul wyalmcenareebs Soris. wyali momwvano iyo, gamWirvale. irgvliv fe- 

rad-feradi Tevzebi dasralebdnen, da zRvis siRrmeSi SemoRweul mzis 

sxivze TvalismomWrelad elvarebdnen, gadmokarkluli didi TvalebiT 

akvirdebodnen ufro sxeuls, Tan fantastikuri sakravebiT ucnaur, uCveu- 

- 33 -

lo xmebs gamoscemdnen, gurams ukvirda, wyalSi sunTqva rom ar uWirda. 

oRond curvis dros sxeulze lorwovani wyalmcenareebi ewebeboda da 

zizRiT iSorebda. guli ereoda. icoda, sadRac rom unda misuliyo, mag- 

ram ar icoda sad. bolos bnel gamoqvabuls miadga da gaCerda. gamoq- 

vabuli uceb mwvaned ganaTda da siRrmidan gamovida mwvane qali, romel- 

sac Tavze didi meduza exura. kidurebis nacvlad wyalmcenareebi ga- 

mobmoda. wyalmcenareebi ganuwyvetliv irxeodnen, narnarad moZraobdnen 

da mwvane qals erT doneze akavebdnen. gurams araviTari grZnoba ar da- 

uflebia, civad misCereboda am ucnaur arsebas da moTminebiT elo- 

deboda, ras etyoda. mwvane qali xmas ar iRebda. mkacrad umzerda gurams 

saxeSi. merme es simkacre, TandaTan ganelda da TvalebSi Caudga naRveli, 

romelic sayvedurismieri iyo" (`Jami dasvenebisa"). moTxrobaSi aRwerili 

es sizmaric personaJis momavlis aSkara winaswarmetyvelebaa. amave dros 

sizmarSi ganfenilia guramis daukmayofilebeli moTxovnaTa da ltolva- 

Ta safuZvelze Seqmnili ganwyobilebani. mTavari gmirisaTvis sizmarSi 

nanaxi mdgomareoba misTvis sasurvelia da misaRebi. sagulisxmoa, rom 

sizmari, garkveuli individualurobiTac aris daRdasmuli. igi xels 

uwyobs personaJis xasiaTis gaxsnas - miuTiTebs mis iseT Tvisebebze, ro- 

goricaa sizarmace, umoqmedoba, cxovrebis sruliad arcodna da zogjer 

gulubryviloba. aRsaniSnavia, rom: `sxvadasxva ganwyobis aRmoceneba Cven- 

Si maSinac xdeba, Tu dRis ganmavlobaSi Cven vRebulobT Zlier an mra- 

valjerad STabeWdilebebs da am Zlieri STabeWdilebebiT ganmtkicebuli 

ganwyobilebis moqmedeba SeiZleba TavisTavad xdebodes ara mxolod 

sifxizleSi ocnebis saxiT, aramed Zilis drosac sizmarSi. saqme is aris, 

rom ganwyoba garkveuli aqtivobisaTvis Sinagani mzaobaa, romelic Zilis 

mdgomareobaSic SeiZleba iyos SenarCunebuli da saTanadod moqmedebdes 

kidec" (uznaZe 1958: 123). 

TiToeuli sizmari, romelic mwerlis mier nawarmoebebSia aRwerili. 

garkveuli mxatvruli mikrokompoziciis mqonea, radgan gaaCnia Tavisi 

mcire siuJeti. 

a. sulakaurs Tavis moTxrobebsa da romanebSi Semohyavs iseTi perso- 

naJebic, romlebsac TavianTi konkretuli mxatvruli mizandasaxuloba 

gaaCniaT - idumalebis niSniT arian aRbeWdilni. aseTnairni arian saba da 

- 34 -

anano, romanidan `TeTri cxeni". berikaci ananos Sesaxeb ozos eubneba: èg 

dedakaci gulTmisania, sxva wyali aqvs gadasxmulio~. ozo, romelic 

sityva `gulTmisans~ zRapruli gmirebis gazviadebul epiTetad miiCnevda, 

dafiqrda, radgan ès ucnauri sityva exeboda realurad arsebul 

adamians~. `sxva wyali aqvT gadasxmuli~, agreTve, jorjaZes da bogdanas 

romanidan `luka". 

romanSi `luka" mTavari gmiris cxovrebis yvelaze daZabul periodSi 

gamoCndeba mamamisi gogi jorjaZe da maleve qreba. jorjaZis gaqroba ro- 

manidan moulodnelia, Tavisebur `daumTavrebel finalsa" da gaurkvev- 

lobas qmnis. saqme isaa, rom jorjaZe, pirobiTad rom vTqvaT, zRaparuli 

personaJia. misi roli efeqturia, magram gansazRvruli. man wonasworoba 

da samarTali unda aRadginos. gogi jorjaZe ararealuri personaJia, 

ufro metic, iqneb igi sulac lukas warmosaxvaSi dabrunda saxlSi. 

zRapruli personaJia Tavad bogdanac. saocaria am qalis unari mov- 

lenaTa arsis wvdomisa. bogdana ucTomlad grZnobs xifaTis moaxloebas 

da iqidan aqtiurad eZebs gamosavals. bogdana sikeTis hipostazia roman- 

Si. 

gansakuTrebul rols TamaSobs lukas warmodgenaSi mTvarisas saxe. 

mTvarisa gmiris sulieri Relvis, asakobrivi cvlilebebis Sedegad Seq- 

mnili xorcSesxmuli saxea da gamoCndeba, swored, personaJis ukiduresi 

fsiqikuri daZabulobis dros. mTvarisa izidavs, xiblavs, amSvidebs fan- 

taziaaSlil mozards: 

ùZilo Ramisa, Tevzaobisa, panaSvidisa da gauTavebeli da cxeli 

gzisagan ukve ise iyo daqanculi da daretianebuli, rom fexze dgoma 

aRar SeeZlo, Tvlema moeria... lukam windawinve icoda, rom alayafis ka- 

ri Ria daxvdeboda da, roca saavadmyofos miuaxlovda, kari, marTlac, 

Ria aRmoCnda. daubrkoleblad Sevida ezoSi, nacnob fanjaras Cauara da 

auzTan SeCerda. auzsac eRvreboda mTvaris naTeli da oqrosfrad liv- 

livebda. luka uceb SekrTa. sxeuliT igrZno, rom gisosebian fanjaras 

mTvarisa moadga. swrafad mibrunda da garkveviT dainaxa wyvdiadidan ga- 

mosuli SiSveli, oqrosferi sxeuli. miZinebuli grZnobda da ara marto 

grZnobda, danamdvilebiT icoda, rom es yvelaferi sizmari iyo. vidre 

ZilSi amas fiqrobda, mTvarisa gisosebiani fanjridan gadmovida da lu- 

- 35 -

kasaken gamoeSura. mSvidi da netari Rimili efina saxeze. am netarebas 

albaT lukas xilva aniWebda. luka aRelda, aTrTolebul guls ucnobi 

grZnobis Tbili talRa miexeTqa da mTel sxeulSi Jruantelis momgvrel 

Sxefebad ganibna. mTavarisa mivida, orive xeli moxvia lukas" (`luka~). 

lukasaTvis mTvarisa iyo qalSi xorcSesxmuli idumali xati, erTgva- 

ri saxe-idea, romelic sicocxlis bolomde darCeboda mis mexsierebaSi. 

bolomde amoucnobi darCa lukasaTvis am qalis arseboba - ararsebobis 

saidumloeba. Tumca garkveuli xibli am Seucnoblobasac gaaCnda. es 

asazrdoebda mis fantazias, uRvivebda survilsa da swrafvas dafarulis 

xilvisaken. 

lukasaTvis ganuyofelia ocneba da realoba. ocneba sinamdvilidan 

gaqcevis erTaderTi gzaa, im gamogonili samyarosaken, romelsac a. sula- 

kauris sulieri dramatizmiT aRsavse personaJebi afareben Tavs da TiT- 

qos mweralic Tavis personaJebTan erTad imas Wvrets, rac maT fantazia- 

sa da warmosaxvas eTanxmeba. 

samyaros saidumloebaTa ufro naTlad warmosaCenad dResac araerTi 

mwerali mimarTavs miRebuli adamianuri qcevis normebidan gadaxris 

mqone personaJTa Semoyvanas nawarmoebSi. gia lomaZis moTxrobis 

`TabaSiris kaci~ mTavari gmiric `sazRvarze mdgari adamiania~, visTvis 

giJia, zogisTvis ki - savsebiT wynari da keTili meocnebe. am moTxrobas 

ori mTavari personaJi hyavs: qaliSvili manon lasaura da fsiqiatriuli 

saavadmyofos binadari `TabaSiris kaci~ (lomaZe, `ciskari~, 1981). 

erTxel SuaRamiT, qalaqis binaSi awkrialda telefoni da manons 

magiur xmebad gamoecxada TabaSiris kaci. ZiriTadi siuJeturi xazi aris 

ori adamianis mistiuri dialogi, magram rogorc TandaTan rwmundeba 

mkiTxveli, moTxrobas hyavs mesame da amasTan erTad mTavari gmiric - es 

aris industriuli qalaqi, Tavisi restornebiT, stadionebiT, hakerebiT, 

meZavebiT, saerTaSoriso aeroportiT, troleubusebiT, qarxnebiT da 

ZeglebiT. mwerali ar gvTavazobs civilizaciis romantikas, piriqiT, 

TiTqos gaucxoebulad warmogvidgens kidec mas. 

krizisul cnobierebis dasaZlevad, gauxeSebuli sulis 

gasanedleblad, garemosTan erTianobis aRsadgenad adamiani 

instiqturad ubrundeba miTebs, legendebs, religias. romantikosi 

- 36 -

TabaSiris kaci ver egueba teqnokratiul realobas da, amitom, nervozisa 

da fsiqozis samyaroSi, sazogadoebis TvalSi giJad Cans. 

frangi mwerali Jan-pol sartri novelaSi òTaxi~ (sartri, `xomli~, 

1969) gviCvenebs, rom giJebis samyaro arafriT gansxvavdeba normaluri 

adamianis samyarosagan. misi gmirebi Caketilebi arian TavianT 

warmosaxul sivrceSi, sadac sruli harmonia arsebobs irealur da 

realur yofierebas Soris. 

zemoTCamoTvili nawarmoebebis gmirebi, arsebiTi ar aris romeli 

qveynis Svilebi arian, an romel epoqaSi cxovroben, isini Zalian hgvanan 

erTmaneTs, TavianTi miamituri, meocnebe da daukmayofilebeli 

grZnobebiTa da vnebebiT. 

literaturis istoriam mxatvrul pirobiTobis ufro saocari 

magaliTebic icis: gardacvili mefis aCrdili hamlets esaubreba (u. 

Seqspiri), nevis prosperqtze cxviri daseirnobs (n. gogoli), kaci mwerad 

iqceva (f. kafka), adamians bunebis xma esmis (vaJa fSavela) da a. S. 

a. sulkauri Tavisi nawarmoebis gmirad irCevs giJs - mTvarisas (`lu- 

ka"). aq moTxrobilia idumali kavSiris Sesaxeb cis mnaTobs, mTvaresa da 

adamians Soris, romelTac esmiT erTmaneTis. romanis am epizodSi aris 

cda mweralma axleburad axsnas samyaro, imaze meti daanaxos mkiTxvels, 

vidre es man misi cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebiT icis. 

`lukam Tavi moabruna da Tavzardacemuls kinaRam muxlebi moekveTa, 

iqve, marcxniv sruliad SiSveli qaliSvili Ria fanjaras mosdgomoda, 

rkinis gisosebisaTvis TavzeviT xelebi Caevlo da lukas misCereboda 

naRvliani, didi momwvano TvalebiT - lukas sircxvilisagan saxe aelewa 

da scada, SiSveli sxeulisaTvis ar Seexeda. monusxuliviT idga da adgi- 

lidan ar iZvroda. magram Tvalebi lursmani ar aris, rom erT wertils 

miaWedo. xedvis are gacilebiT farToa, vidre wertili, romelsac miSte- 

rebixar. TmagakreWili Tavisa, saocrad nazi, fermkrTali da lamazi 

saxis garda luka xedavda SiSvel mklavebs, or TeTr borcvsa da maRla- 

aSveril didsa da vardisfer ZuZusTavebs.. qaliSvili welamde moCanda 

Ria fanjris rux CarCoebSi gamokveTili... 

...me mTvaris var. gagigonia aseTi saxeli: mTvarisa? aba? TbilisSi 

vcxovrob, verharnis quCaze... wadi Cemebs Seatyobine, rom me aq var... isic 

- 37 -

uTxari tkivilebic awuxebs-Tqo, tkivilebi marTla mawuxebs, biWo... mTe- 

li sxeuli mtkiva... oRond RamRamobiT... es tkivilebi mTvaris bralia... 

- saocari tkivlebi mawuxebs, biWo. RamRamobiT mTeli sxeuli 

erTbaSad amtkivdeba, oRond sxvadasxvanairad. Tavic mtkiva, Tvalebic, 

xelebic, mkerdic, welic, fexebic... sxeuli ToTxmet nawilad dameSleba 

da yoveli nawili cal-calke mtkiva... rogorc ki daRamdeba da mTvare ga- 

moCndeba caze, tkivili Tavis amorCeul nawils moakiTxavs, magram me vi- 

ci es risi bralic aris. RamRamobiT mTvarec xom ibzareba da irRveva na- 

wilebad. aba, kargad daakvirdi darRveuli mTvaris yovel nawils Cems 

darRveul sxeulTan aqvs kavSiri. Cven erTnairad virRveviT... amitom 

mtkiva sxeuli da es yovelive mTvaris bralia" (`luka~). giJi mTvarisas 

es monologi mistiuri SegrZnebiTaa datvirTuli, radgan mas eCveneba, 

rom nawilebad iSleba da garesamyaros uerTdeba. swored, aseTia sizma- 

reuli yofa. mTvarisas sxeulis nawilebad daSla miTosur planSi war- 

moadgens aRdgoma-ganaxlebis process da am aRorZinebis sibrZnes biWsac 

aziarebs. es xom adamianis ukvdavebis, maradisobis, sicocxlis zeobis 

daucxromeli rwmena da miswrafebaa. 

Aa. sulakauris asaxvis aseT manerasTan SeiZleba davakavSiroT XX 

saukuneSi Zalze popularuli koncefcia, romlis Tanaxmad is, rac 

iwodeba normad aris garemos zemoqmedebis Sedegi; ar arsebobs 

kriteriumi, romelic dahyofs `normalursa~ da `paTologiurs~. 

SeSliloba miiCneva `transcendentur gamonaTebad~, aramiwieris 

gamovlenad, amitom mkurnaloba zedmetia. sulis ararealuri xilvebiT 

avsebas ki iwvevs personaJis Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi arsebuli 

daZabuli, konfliqturi urTierTobebi. 

cnobilia, rom mistikosebi TviTCaRrmavebis, sakuTar sulSi CaZirvis 

saSualebiT cdilobdnen da cdiloben im siRrmeTa wvdomas, rac ubralo 

mokvdavTaTvis miuwvdomelia. mxatvruli literaturac am siRrmeebis, 

idumali samyarosaken mimavali uxilavi gzebis maradiuli maZiebelia. a. 

sulakauri SemTxveviT ar irCevs giJs, igi xom umTavresad Cveulebrivi 

yofiT ar cxovrobs. giJis sulis kari gaxsnilia iracionaluri 

xilvebisaTvis. gavixsenoT sandro cirekiZis moTxroba `mTvareuli". aqac 

personaJad giJs irCevs avtori, rogorc bunebis uSualo nawils. igi mov- 

- 38 -

lenebs aRiqvams uSualod da Cveulebrivi adamianuri gansjis gziT. aqvea 

warmodgenili kavSiri mTvarisa da adamianisa, romelTac esmiT erTmane- 

Tis. SeSlilobis stadiaze adamiani TiTqos aRidgens im saxes, romelic 

hqonda ucodvelobis Jams, sanam borotisa da keTilis xis nayofs ige- 

mebda. 

T. dostoevski romanis `danaSauli da sasjelis" personaJi svidriga- 

ilovi ambobs: `moCvenebebi sxva samyaroTa nawyvetebi da naglejebia, maTi 

dasawyisi. janmrTeli kaci, rasakvirvelia, ar saWiroebs maTs danaxvas 

imitom, rom namdvili Svilia igi dedamiwisa da cxovrebaSiac mxolod 

amqveyniurad unda cxovrobdes, rom wesiereba ar dairRves, magram Tu od- 

nav avad gaxda, dairRva normaluri miwieri wesi misi organizmisa, maSin- 

ve Tavs iCens imqveyniuri arsebobac da ramdenadac ufro Zlier avad 

aris adamiani, imdenad ufro meti saSualeba eZleva imqveyanasTan 

Sexebisa. sikvdilis Semdeg xom pirdapir im qveynis mcxovrebi xdeba" 

(dostoevski 1959: 313). 

aq oriode sityva unda vTqvaT warmosaxvis bunebis Sesaxeb. d. uznaZis 

Teoriis mixedviT, àdamianis qceva sruliad ar aris sinamdvilis im viw- 

ro ariT SezRuduli, romelic awmyosa da warsulSi mocemuliT ganisaz- 

Rvreba. igi mocemulobis zRudeebs arRvevs da axal sinamdviles qmnis. 

amis SesaZleblobas mas warmosaxva, anu fantazia aZlevs. Cven ar 

vkmayofildebiT imiT, rac obieqturadaa aRqmisa da mexsierebis Sinaarsis 

saxiT mocemuli, Cven fantaziis saSualebiT axali Sinaarsebis warmo- 

saxvas viwyebT, axal warmodgenas vqmniT, romelsac aRqmaSi mocemuli 

obieqturi sinamdvilis asaxva ki ara, piriqiT, misi farglebis gafar- 

Toeba da axali sinamdvilis Seqmna aqvs miznad dasaxuli" (uznaZe 1958: 

104) 

sinamdvilis aseTi saxiT gansaxovneba imTaviTve warmogviCina qar- 

Tulma literaturam – gavixsenoT ioane sabanisZis gmiris, sasikvdilo 

gzaze mimavali abo Tbilelis uZlieresi warmosaxva, rocaA Wabuki abo 

Tavis Tavs rogorc mkvdars, ise miacilebs; anda - `rome vefxi mSvenieri 

saxed misad damisaxavs, amad miyvars tyavi misi, kabad Cemad mominaxavs" – 

ambobs `vefxistyaosnis~ gmiri tarieli Tavis satrfoze. naTelia, Tu ro- 

- 39 -

gor irRveva `mocemulobis zRude" da satrfo mis warmodgenaSi xdeba 

`vefxi mSvenieri". 

`lukas" Sinaarsi, romanSi asaxuli movlenebi da ambavi gamoricxavs 

lukas sulier avadmyofobas, Tumca misi fsiqikac urTules asakobriv da 

sazogadoebriv zewolas ganicdis, daZabul zRvramde midis. igi mZime su- 

lier gancdebSia, magram es yvelaferi normis farglebSi eteva, anu am 

SemTxvevaSi paTologia sruliad unda gamoiricxos. Tanamedrove fsiqo- 

logias es urTulesi movlenac aqvs axsnili: `zogjer Tavisi axirebis 

gamo grZnobebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad warmosaxva TviTneburad qmnis sa- 

survelis suraTxats, magram masve ZaluZs ufro naTlad gamoavlinos 

adamianis WeSmariti suraTxatic" (rubinSteini 1957: 56) 

paralelebs, roca vavlebT mxatvruli Tu samecniero literaturidan 

zemoTmoyvanil magaliTebs, fsiqologTa dakvirvebebsa da a. sulakauris 

SemoqmedebaSi asaxul personaJTa qcevebsa da warmosaxvebs Soris, sainte- 

reso daskvnebis gakeTeba SeiZleba – msgavseba da Tanxvedra aSkaraa. Aam 

kuTxiT mniSvnelovania moTxroba àbelis dabruneba" da masSi naCvenebi 

`fsiqologiuri portreti". abeli TviTonve elis sakuTari Tavis dabru- 

nebas gadasaxlebidan. arsebobs gaorebis amgvari gancdac, fizikuri 

mdgomareobisa da sulieri ganwyobis ukiduresi dapirispireba; roca ka- 

ci TviTonve xedavs sadRac, Sors darCenil Tavis Tavs da morCilad 

elodeba mis dabrunebas. abeli dums, man kargad icis, ras warmoadgens 

drois pirobiToba, isic icis, TviTon ramdenadme miaRwia zedroulis ga- 

gebas. gancdebSi myof abels uCndeba warmosaxva, romelic sustad emorCi- 

leba azrovnebis kritikul kontrols. azrovnebis kritikul kontrols 

ar emorCileba ananos warmosaxva (`TeTri cxeni"). ananos gulTmisan qa- 

lad icnobdnen sofelSi. igi cxadad xedavda momavals, yoveli misi wi- 

naswarmetyveleba sityva-sityviT auxda ozos: òmi ukve male damTavrdeba 

da mamaSenic dagvibrundeba, dabrundeba da wagiyvans... Sen im droisTvis 

skola geqneba damTavrebuli da swavlis gagrZelebasac moindomeb... es 

kargia, ozo, sxvagvarad rogor iqneba, me ki aq marto davrCebi... daixso- 

me... didi xnis sicocxle aRar miweria, didxans aRar vicocxleb!.. me rom 

movkvdebi, swored wlisTavze Cemi Zma sandro, mamaSeni gayidis am saxls, 

kar-midamos, yvelafers, rac Cvens gvarsa da jilags, Cvens mama-papaT uSe- 

- 40 -

nebiaT, uSenebiaT wminda ofliTa da marTali xeliT... Sen erTxel kidev 

Camoxval, Camoxval mamaSenTan erTad, roca me am qveynidan abargebuli 

viqnebi... Cems dasamarxad CamobrZandebi, ozo, egec saqmea... magisTvisac 

madlobeli dagrCebi~ (`TeTri cxeni~)". SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom xSirad a. 

sulkauris prozaSi aRwerili movlenebi mwerlis Sinagani samyaros, sa- 

kuTari gamocdilebis mxatvruli ukufenaa. es momenti yvelaze gamokveTi- 

lad Cans moTxrobaSi `pawawina nigzvis toti". am moTxrobaSi mTavari 

gmiri uCinari xdeba. ra Tqma unda, gmiris uCinarobas simbolur-alegori- 

uli funqcia gaaCnia. personaJi SemTxveviT moxvedril ucxo sazoga- 

doebaSi movlenebsa da situaciebs gaucxoebuli, izolirebuli mdgoma- 

reobidan xedavs da akontrolebs. gmiri aris da arc aris; igi kargavs 

materialur saxes da irealur samyaroSi arsebobs. 

romanis òqros Tevzis" mTavari gmiris daTos cnobierebaSi gaCeni- 

li warmosaxuli xatic naklebad emorCileba kritikuli kontrolis 

unars, cotaTiRa uwevs angariSs realobas da fantastikis burusiT 

ifareba. daTo naTiSvils Tavisi martosulobis dasaZlevad idealiz- 

ebuli, warmosaxuli samyaro mouZebnia. aq, mis mier gamogonil samyaroSi, 

buba eSbasTan sulieri megobrobiTa da urTierTobebiT imSvidebs Tavs 

misi gafaqizebuli da mgrZnobiare suli: `yvavilebis maRaziaSi mixakebi 

iyida da bubasTan wavida. buba axalgaRviZebuli daxvda, karg gunebaze 

iyo, damSvidebuli saxe hqonda. yvavilebi magidaze daawyo daTom da skami 

sawolTan daidga. guSin rom waxvedi - uTxra bubam, - saSineli simartove 

vigrZeni. kidev kargi cota xnis Semdeg Seni megobari eqimi Semovida, bev- 

ri macina, Tqveni bavSvobis oinebi miambo,... 

- mTavaria, morCe. ra mniSvneloba aqvs, rodis gamoewerebi, me sul 

SenTan viqnebi, aRar mogawyen... dReidan mainc Tavisufali var, samuSaod 

aRar wavedi, buba... Sen rom ar menaxe, SeiZleba arc ki damenebebia Tavi 

mag samuSaosaTvis". 

daTo naTiSvili imiTaa gamorCeuli, rom misi cnobiereba gamudmebiT 

ivseba axali fantaziiT, igi sagnebisa da movlenebis iqiT ixedeba da 

cdilobs Cveulebriv, erTferovan yofaSi dainaxos araCveulebrivi, 

ganimsWvalos garSemomomyofTagan gansxvavebuli gancdiT da 

STabeWdilebebiT. daTos cxovrebaSi momxdari Zireuli cvlilebebi, 

- 41 -

samsaxuroebrivi konfliqtebi Tavis daRs asvamen mis pirovnebas. nerviu- 

li daZabuloba iwvevs stress, imedgacruebis gancda ki pirovnebaSi pro- 

vicirebas ukeTebs fantaziis gacxovelebas. gamomdinare aqedan, personaJi 

iZulebuli xdeba realur samyaros gaeqces da fantazias Seafaros Tavi: 

`daTo msubuqad Sexta fanjaraze. fanjara Ria iyo da pirdapir 

quCaSi gavida. TviTon ukvirda ise Tavisuflad dadioda haerSi, 

namdvilad sizmarSi varo, fiqrobda. aguris kedlebs miadga. erTgan 

aguri iyo gamovardnili da xeli Tavisuflad Seeteoda. es unda 

yofiliyo beRurebis bude, romelic zurikom aRmoaCina, daTom Rrmad 

Seyo budeSi xeli, mklavi mTlianad Seetia, magram bolomde mainc ver 

miawvdina, arada icoda beRurebi Sig iyvnen. ra unda eqna, cota gaiar- 

gamoiara da saxuravze dadga. saxuravidan quCas gadmoxeda. quCa xalxiT 

iyo gaWedili, civi da arafrismTqmeli TvalebiT umzerdnen daTos, 

rogor dadioda karnizze. daTom am xalxis SeSineba moindoma. 

telefonis mavTulze Sefrinda da zed daiwyo sirbili da sriali, Tan 

amas ise akeTebda, viTom sacaa fexi damicdeba da dabla gadmovvardebio, 

xalxi ar SeSinebula, piriqiT, TiTqos ufro mets moeloda daTosgan, 

imedebic ki gaucruvda. daTo telefonis mavTulidan cas daekida 

kbilebiT, rogorc akrobati cirkis TaRs da Tavbrudaxveuli triali 

daiwyo... gamwarebuli trialebda gasaocari siswrafiT trialebda...~ 

òqros Tevzi~). 

Asamyaros aseTi gancdis dadasturebaa daTosa da buba eSbas gamogo- 

nili urTierTobebi, lukasa da mTvarisas warmosaxviTi megobroba, pata- 

ra gias xilva, gabos sizmari, ananos sizmari da winaswarmetyvelebani. 

cnobilia, rom sizmari iseTi fsiqikuri movlenaa, romelic imTaviTve pi- 

robiTobas Seicavs. sizmarSi vlindeba qcevaTa aracnobieri motivebi, 

adamianis faruli da miCqmaluli survilebi. sizmarSi cnobiereba Tavi- 

suflad moZraobs da yovelgvari barieri moxsnilia. igi saxeebiT azrov- 

nebaa. amitom masSi amotivtivebuli yoveli nivTi, yoveli qceva-moqmedeba 

Tu wuxili simboluri azris matarebelia. Llukas pirovnebad 

Camoyalibebis procesi, biWis qvecnobieri ltolva momavlis 

Secnobisaken, kargad Cans am monakveTSi: 

- 42 -

`lukas mTeli Rame marTla ar sZinebia. borgavda, wvalobda, xandaxan 

wasTvlemda. waTvlemils SiSveli mTvarisa esizmreboda. oRond mTvarisa 

axla rkinis gisosebSi gamosvlas rogorRac axerxebda da oriveni, 

mTvarisa da luka, mklavebgayrilebi daseirnobdnen saavadmyofos ezoSi. 

auzi lurji, gamWvirvale wyliT iyo savse da Sig oqros Tevzebi 

dasrialebdnen. ucnauri Sinagani biZgebi aRviZebda. mere isev Tvlema 

moereoda da axla ukve lurj, kriala auzSi oqros Tevzebis nacvlad 

luka da mTvarisa dacuravdnen. 

sizmriseuli auzi, rogorc Cans, gacilebiT didi iyo vidre is, 

saavadmyofos ezoSi rom naxa – amomSrali da danagvianebuli. anda 

sizmarSi TviTon pataravdebodnen, radgan auzSi mTvarisas curviT 

dasdevda da ver iWerda. magram es devna, Tu ltolva mTvarisasaken 

warmoudgenel, jer ganucdel netarebas aniWebda. mTvarisa wyalSi 

TevziviT dasrialebda, Tan ambobda: ra bednierebaa mTvareSi banaoba... es 

xom mTvarea, biWo, Cven, mTvareSi davsrialebTo...~ (`luka~). 

z. friodis mixedviT (froidi,1995; `saunje~,1987) adamianebi 

aracnobierSi malaven TvianT primitiul da zneobrivad miuwvdomel 

survilebs. ZilSi cnobierebis cenzura ramdenamde Sesustebulia da maT 

saSualeba eZlevaT sizmriseul cnobierebaSi gamovlindnen, magram 

vinaidan pirovnebis garkveuli kontroli ZilSic SenarCunebulia, 

akrZaluli ltolvebi saxes icvlian da sizmarSi SeniRbuli, simboluri 

saxiT warmogvidgebian. 

a. sulakauris prozaSi tradiciuli `fsiqologiuri motivireba" Sev- 

sebulia àracnobieri motivirebiT" - e. i. `cnobierebis fsiqologizms" 

enacvleba aracnobieris fsiqologizmi. personaJTa sulis siRrmiseuli 

mxareebis wvdoma xorcieldeba simboloebiT da alegoriebiT. aq xiluli 

da uxilavi samyaro erTmaneTSi gadadis, avsebs erTmaneTs. daTo 

naTiSvils eCveneba, rom TviTonaa minis WurWeli da is aris mizezi 

oqros Tevzis Tavisuflebis SezRudvisa. DdaTom èrTxel ucnauri 

sizmari naxa. viTom uzarmazar minis WurWlad iqca da mziT ganaTebul 

SuSabandis kuTxeSi idga. piramde iyo savse momwvano wyliT. momwvano 

wyalSi dasrialebda didi, grZelfarfliani oqros Tevzi. martodmarto 

dacuravda. daTo tkiviliviT grZnobda: mis sxeulSi wrialebda ucxo 

- 43 -

arseba. amave dros, imasac grZnobda, rom TevzisTvis TviTonac ucxo iyo. 

oqros Tevzi wuxda, Tavis daRweva undoda, magram amaod awydeboda minis 

gamWvirvale kedels~ (òqros Tevzi~). personaJs aseTi ganwyoba sxva 

situaciaSic vlideba. Mmas iqamde miiyvans obivateluri garemo, rom 

sruliad udanaSaulos, eufleba sakuTari danaSaulis gancdac ki.. 

ananos warmosaxva romanidan `TeTri cxeni", aseve 

winaswarmetyveluri miniSnebebiTaa savse. anano cxadad xedavs, rogor 

gangmira tyviam misi, Soreul mxareSi myofi, saqmro. igi darwmunebulia 

sakuTari xilvis namdvilobaSi. man icis, rom momxdars veRaraferi Sec- 

vlis: 

òzo, - ukve nacnobi xma gavigone, - weRan rom giTxari gaTavda-meTqi 

yvelaferi, uecari tkivilis gamo ar miTqvams...- isev gaCumda da Cafiqrda, 

mere xmadabla ganagrZo, TiTqos eSinoda misi naTqvami visme ar gaegona: 

`saba daiRupa... me es vigrZeni da gameRviZa... ara, cxadad davinaxe, rogor 

daeca, rogor gatexa tyviam, ... fui! etyoba ver Sevabrune bedis borbali, 

Cemi bediswera ega yofila!.. ra kaci waiqca, RmerTo! rogor gaimete, ro- 

gor gaimete?!" (`TeTri cxeni~). ananos cnobierebaSi xdeba aracnobierisa 

da cnobieris Serwyma da es momenti avtors damajereblad aqvs asaxuli, 

Tumca anano, rogorc personaJi, realurad moazrovne qalia, magram misi 

arCveulebrivobac faqtia, mas `sxva wyali aqvs gadasxmuli~.. 

sizmrebi, bavSvuri warmodgenebi, suliT avadmyofi personaJebis 

xilvebi a. sulakauris beletristikaSi gamoxataven adamianebisaTvis jer 

kidev bolomde miuwvdomel qvecnobier ltolvaTa dabinduli siRrmeebis 

idumalebis mSvenierebas, gadaviwyebul, magram pirovnebis individua- 

lobis ganmsazRvrel mZafri vnebebis silamazes. aseTi rigis mSveniereba 

da silamaze azrsa da Zalas aZleven, saerTod, adamianTa arsebobas da 

saerTod, cxovrebas. personaJTa aracnobieri fsiqika inaxavs pirve- 

loyofil, ucodvel da miTosur warmodgenebs, sicocxlis gancdis araC- 

veulebriv unars, riTac mwerals gadavyavarT Tanamedroveobidan miTo- 

sur samyaroSi. am kuTxiT niSandoblivia mamlis gafrenis epizodi roman- 

Si `TeTri cxeni": 

`mamali mousvenrad wrialebda, raRacnairad SeSfoTebul xmebs ga- 

moscemda, Tan Tvali sul cisken gaurboda, TiTqos qori dainaxa da 

- 44 -

axla `mrevls" afrTxilebda, - ariqa, Tavs uSveleT, cidan safrTxe ge- 

muqrebaTo. ananom ratomRac fanjara gamoaRo, mamalma `yeli moiRera", 

dasayivleblad waigrZela kiseri, magram yivilis nacvlad ucnauri xma 

amouSva, gabzaruli, xrialsa Tu xrotinis msgavsi, TiTqos uecrad suli 

aRmoxda ara marto mamals, aramed iqaurobasac... uceb TvalnaTliv davi- 

naxe, wiTelma mamalma rogor icvala feri da gaocebulma ananos mivxede: 

naRvlianad dafiqrebuli anano miwas dascqeroda. me isev mamals mi- 

vapyari mzera, Tvalebs ar davujere; sabZlis saxuravze wiTlis nacvlad 

yoraniviT Savi mamali SemarTuliyo... da vidre me gaocebis sityva wamom- 

cdeboda, swrafad gadaevlo bostans, venaxs, alvis xeebs da gauCinarda" 

(`TeTri cxeni~). ozosagan gansxvavebiT ananosaTvis sruliad gasagebia 

mamlis saxecvlileba, radgan sikvdilis winaTgrZnoba asociaciurad, 

swored, Savfers SeiZleba daukavSirdes, miTumetes, rom wiTeli mamali 

sabas moyvanil iyo. romanis finalSi saba cocxali brundeba; magram aq 

mniSvnelovania ara, Tu ramdenad gamarTlda ananos winaTgrZnoba, aramed 

is, rom sikvdil- sicocxlis azrs ozo unda Cawvdes swored mamlis 

daxmarebiT, romlisaganac is sulis sazrdos Rebulobs, rac SemdegSi 

cxovrebasTan mis damokidebulebas gansazRvravs (jantiSvili 1984: 214). 

am epizodSi mweralma mamlis jadosnuri saxecvlilebiT simbolur- 

alegoriul planSi aCvena winaswarmetyvelebisa da adamianis Sinagani in- 

tuiciis Tanxvedris aucilebloba. mwerali damajereblad gvisabuTebs, 

rom Cvens irgvliv arsebobs aracnobieri samyaro, romlis aRqmac 

mxolod ananos msgavs adamianebs xelewifebaT. 

- 45 -

Tavi III 

arCil sulakauris mxatvruli prozis 

ZiriTadi problemebi 

a) daxSuli sivrcis - aqvariumis Tema 

a. sulakauris nawarmoebebis personaJTa moqmedebis areali, samyaro, 

romelSic isini cxovroben, mwerlis mier moazrebulia erTgvar gamoq- 

vabulad, Caketil wred, aqvariumis kedlebiT SemosazRvrul sivrced. 

amas gulisxmobs igi, roca erT leqsSi wers: 

`Sen eZebs imas, rac ar gWirdeba 

arc Sen da arc sxvas, qveynad aravis. 

mogveaxleba fuWi dideba 

damTrgunveli da gulSemzaravi. 

me SemiZlia giTxra bolomde 

is, rac arvisTvis miTqvams arodes... 

raa keTili, raa boroti 

ra unda gwyindes, ra gixarodes. 

ra aris sivrce, ra aris Jami 

ratom mosulxar qveynad abuCi, 

rad mimzers Seni TvalebiT Rame 

da ratom vcxovrobT gamoqvabulSi". 

gamoqvabulisa da Caketili sivrcis paradigmas mwerali Tavis nawar- 

moebebSi rogorc prozaSi, aseve poeziaSi, araerTxel ubrundeba. es 

ganwyobileba, msoflaRqmis es modeli mas poeziidan gadmohyva. saidan 

modis poetisa da mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi SemosazRvruli sivrcis gan- 

cda? ram misca biZgi mis Casaxvas poetis cnobierebaSi? - garegani, socia- 

- 46 -

luri faqtoria, realobidan momdinare gancdiTaa nakarnaxevi, Tu Sinaga- 

ni - sulieri samyaros Tanamdevi Tvisebaa? - ai, kiTxvebi, romlebic pa- 

suxis gacemas iTxoven. a. sulakauris prozis samyaroSi ganfenili Suq- 

Crdilebi aSkarad migvaniSneben cxovrebaSi arsebul 

urTierTdapirispirebul mxareTa erTgvar Widilze, adamianis ga- 

ucxoebaze arsebuli yofis mimarT. arsebobis sazrisis Zieba, samyaros 

Secnobis mtkivneuli procesis Cveneba a. sulakauris Semoqmedebis, ker- 

Zod, mis mxatvruli prozis niSandoblivi Tvisebaa. gmiris xasiaTis 

Rrmad wvdoma, misi fsiqikis labirinTebSi mogzauroba da warmosaxuliT, 

fantaziiT Canacvleba arsebuli sinamdvilisa - mwerlis stilis 

Taviseburebaa. am viTarebis safuZveli ki a. sulakauris urbanistul 

msoflgancdaSia mosaZiebeli. urbanistuli msoflgancdis erT-erTi yve- 

laze sagulisxmo niSani, ki aris personaJisa da garemosamyaros urTier- 

TobaTa sirTule, dapirispireba, gaucxoeba. 

a. sulakauri mkveTrad mijnavs ra erTmaneTisagan garesamyarosa da 

pirovnebas - maT warmogvidgens iseT mxatvrul mTlianobad, romelSic 

qveteqstis saxiT Cans aSkara Tu faruli winaaRmdegoba, mZafri Widili, 

RirebulebaTa gadafasebis miswrafebiT gamsWvaluli Zalisxmeva. asea es 

moTxrobebSi òqros Tevzi", `xidi", `didTovloba", `Zveli ambavi", `Jami 

dasvenebisa", `luka", `zeviT da qveviT", `biWi da ZaRli~, `pawawina nigvzis 

toti~, `didi sefedavle~ da a.S. gmirisaTvis, sxvaTaTvis Cveulebrivi 

yofiTi garemo, xSirad, àravisia", `sxvaa". amis gamo garesinamdvilesTan 

misi yoveli Sexeba metad mtkivneuli, dramatuli aqtia. aqedan gamomdina- 

re personaJTa fsiqologiis ganmsazRvreli faqtoria urbanistuli sinam- 

dvilisagan gaucxoveba, misi daZlevisaken mimarTuli Zalisxmeva. 

EerTferovani garemo, cxovrebis SeCveuli ritmis monotonuroba, axSobs 

mis samoqmedo sivrces. guramis Tvalwin èrTi da igive meordeboda, 

dausruleblad meordeboda erTi da igive, oRond sxvadasxva niuansebiT, 

sxvadasxva JReradobiT, sxvadasxva motivebiT. es iyo TiTqos fataluri 

garduvalobis daJinebuli xmebi. 

gurami wignebze ijda gaunZrevlad. 

maRali fiWvebi, didi da sufTa ca gaaxsenda. 

- 47 -

vinc SeCveulia yoveldRiur, wvrilman fusfuss, albaT, aq ar wamova, 

iq usasrulobas Tvali unda gausworo. usasrulobas ver warmoidgen, 

marto gonebiTac ver miwvdebi, unda igrZno kidec. es TiTqmis 

SeuZlebelia. xolo Tu SesZeli, jer SeZrwundebi, Tavzari dagecema, mere 

ki im sivrceebs TviTon moicav~ (`xidi~). 

a. sulakauris SemoqmedebaSi aRwerili urbanistuli ganwyobilebani 

imdenad TvalsaCinoa, rom mas mkiTxveli moTxrobebis pirveli wkiTxvis- 

Tanave grZnobs. mwerlis nawarmoebebis didi nawili, swored, qalaquri 

STabeWdilebebiT, misiT aRZruli fiqrebiTa da gancdebiT aris STago- 

nebuli. urbanizmi a. sulakauris SemoqmedebaSi mxolod zogadi Tematika 

ki ar aris, aramed ufro arsebiTi da siRrmiseulia, saTqmelis 

gamoxatvis formaa - ganpirobebuli mwerlis cxovrebiseuli 

gamocdilebiT, msoflmxedvelobiT, epoqis moTxovniT, mxatvruli azrov- 

nebis stiliT, saxeTa sistemiT. 

urbanistul prozaSi xSiradaa asaxuli pasiuri pirovnebebi, romel- 

Ta moqmedebis areali SezRuduli da Sekvecilia, isini bevrs fiqroben 

da cotas akeTeben. erTni mwvaved ganicdian yovelives, meoreni meqaniku- 

rad, usulgulod. garemos inertulobis daRi azis. am garemoSi araferi 

keTdeba, arc araferi icvleba. modunebulia cxovrebis ritmi. adamianebi 

msjelobiT, Teoriulad aRiqvamen sinamdviles; maT sakuTari azric ki ar 

gaaCniaT, garTulni arian movlenebis pasiuri WvretiT: 

‘’rodemde SeiZleba icxovro kacma mSoblis kalTagadafarebulma? 

anda, ramdenjer SeiZleba moisminos erTi da igive sayveduri?... Tu kaci 

gqvia, sxva Tu ara, sakuTari azris Tqmis ufleba mainc unda mqondes, ra 

Tqma unda, Tuki gagaCnia sakuTari azri~ (`Jami dasvenebisa~). 

swored, cxovrebisadmi aseTi damokidebuleba, qalaquri yofis aseTi 

gancdaa mizezi, romelic Semoqmedis cnobierebaSi Sobs aqvariumis meta- 

forul saxes. erTgan, a. sulakauri leqsSi àqvariumi" wers: 

`me es lurji ca mamSvidebs cota! 

da ufro cotas, dRes rom qaria - 

Cven SeveCvieT am viwro oTaxs, 

ZvelisZvel wignebs da aqvariums" 

(àqvariumi~). 

- 48 -

aqvariumis Tema laitmotivad gasdevs a. sulakauris prozasac. mwer- 

lis warmodgenaSi misi Tanamedrove Taobis cxovrebis sazogadoebrivad 

da politikurad SemosazRvruli garemo qmnida aqvariumis SegrZnebas, 

daxSulobis da Caketili sivrcis gancdas. adamianebi TiTqos SeCvevian 

qalaqis CaxuTul, manqanebis gamonabolqvisagan dabinZurebuli haeriT 

sunTqvas da arsebobas. SeCvevian pragmatulad azrovnebas, movlenebis 

Cqari monacvleobiT gadatvirTul cxovrebas, kalendris mixedviT ganawi- 

lebul dReebs, saaTebsa da wuTebs. aqvariumSi CaZirul aseT cxovrebas 

ver aSfoTebs qari, wvima, mzis mcxunvareba. aq cxovreba mdored, ud- 

rtvinvelad midis. araferi axali ar xdeba. masSi myofni mxolod gare- 

dan aTvaliereben sxvaTa cxovrebas da ase xarjaven im dros, romelsac 

wuTisofeli hqvia. aseTi ganwyobilebaa asaxuli a. sulakauris mraval 

prozaul nawarmoebSi `didTovloba", `gabo", `zeviT da qveviT", `Jami das- 

venebisa", òqros Tevzi" da sxva. 

moTxrobaSi `didTovloba" mwerali mxolod erTi dRis 

ganwyobilebis gadmocemiT qmnis saxes axalgazrda, magram ukve daRlili 

kacisas, romelsac daukargavs mSvenierebis SegrZnebis gancda. àse mgoni- 

a, sxvisTvis Tovs", - ambobs qali. aq col-qmris urTierToba 

ganZarcvulia romantikulobisagan. axalgazrda wyvils Soris warsulis 

mogonebebi zRuded Camdgara. kaci gaorebulia, dabneuli da Cafiqrebuli. 

warsulis Secdomebis aRiarebiT datvirTuli misi goneba realobaSi ve- 

Rar erkveva. mas aqvs yvelaferi - is, riskenac iswrfvoda, magram awva- 

lebs dakarguli mSvenierebis SegrZneba, romlis dabrunebac SeuZ- 

lebelia – ise, rogorc ukve Cavlili droisa. àse ar jobda?! - vimeo- 

rebdi daufiqreblad, TiTqos CemTvis vigonebdi nacnob simReras; magram 

uceb gavifiqre: `ratom jobda ase?" ra moxdeboda, rom ar avCqa- 

rebuliyavi, mxarSi Sevdgomodi lelas da frTxilad wamomeyvana, rom 

naRrZobi fexi ar gaRzianeboda. ase movidodiT sadgurSi... bolos da 

bolos sadgurSi gavaTevdiT Rames, iq xom Rumeli enTo da Tbiloda... 

vgrZnobdi, lelas fexi stkioda da iTmenda, Tvalebi rom gaexila, crem- 

lebs veRar Seikavebda da atirdeboda. amitom moimZinara Tavi. Zili ni- 

RabiviT aafara mwvave tkivilebs". axalgazrda kaci sakuTar grZnobebSi 

ver garkveula, saidanRac Cndeba SiSi: `mainc ratom meSinoda matarebels 

- 49 -

ar gaeswro, ra laCrulad gavurbodi Rames!" - fiqri ar asvenebda mas. ga- 

uTviTcnobierebelma, gaurkvevlobidan momdinare SiSis grZnobam daTrgu- 

na axalgazrda mamakacis nebeloba. frTebi Seakveca mis aRmafrenas maSin, 

rodesac sul axlos iyo poeturi, lamazi da amaRlebuli wuTebis gan- 

cdis SesaZlebloba. gmiri gamoucdelobisa da mis Sinagan samyaroSi Se- 

moWrili SiSis gamo uars ambobs am mSvenierebasTan miaxlebaze. ase Tan- 

daTanobiT ikveTeba àqvariumis garemo". komforts, siTbosa da simSvides 

miCveuli qalaqeli axalgazrda SiSiT uyurebs yovelive axals, jerar- 

gancdils, moulodnelsa da SemTxveviTs. 

dabneuli, sakuTar SesaZleblobebSi daurwmunebeli gmirebi, 

axalgazrda inteligentebi da studentebi dagvixata, agreTve, mweralma 

g. gegeSiZem Tavis moTxrobaSi àprili~. àprilis~ avtoris mTavari 

sazrunavi is aris, rom realisturad asaxos garemo, movlenebi da 

pirvel rigSi, Cawvdes personaJTa fsiqologiis niuansebs. g. gegeSiZis 

gmirs ar swams im ritualis, romelSic monawileobs (aRdgomis meore 

dRes sasaflaoze gasvla); bolomde ar swams Tavisi siyvarulisac, ar 

swams Tavisi metoqis saqveynod aRiarebuli `kaibiWobis~ da, rac 

mTavaria, ar swams sakuTari Tavisa. 

es urwmunoeba, gansakuTrebiT sakuTari Tavis mimarT, 

arasrulfasovnebis Tavisebur kompleqsSi vlindeba, xolo ukanasknel 

momentSi, rogorc TviTuaryofa, rogoric amboxis sakuTari ususurobis 

mimarT, diametralurad sawinaaRmdego saqcielSi povebs gamosavals. 

`yvelaferi nebadarTulia!~ - aseTia am fsiqologiis adamianebis 

devizi, rac maT gadagmul nabijebs uZRvis win. 

rogorc cnobilia, es zneobrivi postuliti axali ar aris. 

gavixsenoT a. sulakauris gmiris anduyafaris sityvebi: àm borotebas 

axla Zala Tu uSvelis, didi damTgurnveli Zala~ (`luka~). 

aqvariumi - rogorc obivateluri yofis metafora - sakmaod rTul 

fsiqologiur da socialuri Sinaarsis datvirTvas gulisxmobs. aq, am 

gmirebisaTvis mSvidi, `mSobliuri", erTferovani garemoa, amitomac qve- 

Secneulad am stiqiisaken miiltvis, mxolod am garemoSi grZnobs 

urbanizmiT daRlili personaJi Tavs kargad, aq SeuZlia `fiqrebiT gve- 

ma", warsulisaTvis Tvalis gadavleba; misTvis mTavaria oTaxis siTbo, 

- 50 -

dagmanuli fanjara, wignebi, SeCveuli garemo. cxovrebis qariSxali, moZ- 

raoba, Zalisxmeva dabrkolebaTa gadalaxvisaTvis da miT gamowveuli su- 

lieri Zvrebi, aSinebs personaJs. komfortisaken (aqvariumisken) ltolvam 

dauClunga gulisyuri, daTrguna masSi mamakacuri Rirsebebi: vaJkacrobis 

survili, gamarjvebisaken swrafva. am personaJisaTvis mxolod fiqrs Se- 

morCenia aqtiuri funqcia. òjaxSi Tbila, RumelSi cecxli anTia, sar- 

kmels mimdgari gareT ise vixedebi, rogorc Tevzi aqvariumidan" – ambobs 

igi. TandaTanobiT ikveTeba mTxrobelis ironia, romlis konteqsts qmnis 

is modunebuli yofiTi garemo, romelSic gmiri SeyuJula da daTovlil 

quCas gascqeris. `Tovs... quCa TandaTan naxats emsgavseba da fifqebis ko- 

rianteli idumalebiT mosavs... yovel SemTxvevaSi me ase meCveneba. oTaxSi 

Tbila, fanjarasTan vzivar, sawer magidas idayviT veyrdnobi. Rumeli 

yrud, dagubebuli xmiT bubunebs da siTbos afrqvevs. kargia, oTaxSi rom 

Tbila, xolo gareT Tovli modis: mgonia, siTbos axla ufro meti fasi 

aqvs - meTqi". rogor gavs es garemo realuri aqvariumis garemos, rome- 

lic aseTive dasamaxsovrebeli ostatobiT aRwera a. sulakaurma romanSi 

òqros Tevzi": 

`momwvano wyalSi nebivrad dasralebda grZelfarfliani oqros Tev- 

zi, moadgeboda aqvariums da uazrod iyureboda. oqros Tevzi martodmar- 

to dacuravda momwvano wyalSi...oqros Tevzs guli ekumSeboda, daZabuli 

dasrialebda da kedlidan kedels awydeboda, SeiZleba imitom, rom kar- 

gad ver xedavda, ra xdeboda xavsiT dafaruli minis kedlis miRma. 

niJaras mofarebuli daZabuli adevnebda Tvals moZrav landebs, `ra me- 

marTeba, - fiqrobda, - ratom vRelav, ratom micems ase saSinlad guli?" 

a. sulakauris urbanistuli xedviT Seqmnil moTxrobebSi daxatuli per- 

sonaJebi unda vigulisxmoT, rom umetesad mwerlisave Tanamedrove adami- 

anebis prototipebi arian. aseTi axalgazrda kacis tipiuri saxe Seqmna 

avtorma moTxrobaSi `Jami dasvenebisa". masSi aRwerili zRvispira dasas- 

venebeli saxlis garemo da yofa inertulobiTaa daRdasmuli. garegnu- 

lad mSvidi, zerele urTierTobebisa da zedmeti cnobismoyvareobisaTvis 

ganmawyobeli situaciebi a. sulakauris stilisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

zomierebiTaa SerCeuli da daxatuli. moTxrobis mTavari gmiri gurami 

mzrunveli mSoblebis mier TiTqos saTburSia gazrdili. yoveli misi 

- 51 -

nabiji dedamisis mier aris mozomili da gaTvlili. amitomac SezRudu- 

lia misi Tavisufleba, SeboWilia misi survilebi imdenad didia masze 

dedis azris gavlena, rom igi TavisTavsac ver utydeba barbarasadmi 

ltolvaSi da cdilobs saTaveSive Caklas es mozRvavebuli ltolva 

mSvenieri qalisadmi. amitomac SeSinebuli kurdReliviT garbis iqidan, 

sadac ipova simSvide, silamaze da siyvaruli: `mosawyenad grZel weri- 

lebSi erTsa da imaves umeorebda, daJinebiT aswavlida, rogor moqceu- 

liyo, rogor daeWira Tavi. sakuTari Sinaganawesic ki SeumuSava da mkac- 

rad moiTxovda am Sinaganawesis mixedviT ecxovra. werilebidan irkveoda, 

rom yovel adamians ar unda ndoboda, gansakuTrebiT qalebs. Turme qa- 

lebi cbierebi da veragni yofilan, yovelgvar xerxsa da Rones xmaroben, 

xelSi rom Caigdon gamoucdeli da gulubryvilo vaJebi, miTumetes, kar- 

gi ojaxis Svilebi - aseTebze usircxvilod, mourideblad nadiroben 

Turme. araviTari moTxovnileba ar hqonda nacnobi, gulisSemaRonebeli 

Segonebani yoveldRiurad ekiTxa, amitom danarCen werilebs gauxsnelad 

inaxavda CemodanSi. miuxedavad amisa, es gauxsneli konvertebi marto 

yofnis, damoukidebeli cxovrebis siamovnebas Tu gemos akargvinebda. eC- 

veneboda, TiTqos, deda Soriaxlos iyo Casafrebuli da uTvalTvalebda, 

Svilis yoveli gadadgmuli nabiji rom aRewera". iqneb, swored, Tavis 

bednierebas gaeqca gurami da ara sxva rames? iqneb marto deda da aR- 

zrda ar aris damnaSave mis aseT qcevaSi? iqneb gurams Tavad, pirovnu- 

lad ar Seswevs Zala ipovos Tavis TavSi Zlieri mamakaci, radgan aseTad 

igi ar dabadebula?! 

moTxrobaSi ar Canan guramis megobrebi, igi martoa. misi ocnebis 

sivrce daxSulia, Tvalsawieri mozomili, cxovrebis yoveli dRe dagegmi- 

li. es aris saxe axalgazrda kacisa, romelsac jer araferi Seuqmnia, 

aravis daxmarebia, araferi Rirebuli ar gaukeTebia da mainc ukve daRli- 

la yvelafrisagan. man ar icis ra unda, risTvis cxovrobs. imaSic ki ver 

garkveula risi ufleba aqvs da risi ara. igi mieCvia, rom marionetiviT 

marTaven da amitom SeCveuli Wiri urCevnia SeuCvevel lxins. gurami ti- 

piuri saxea a. sulakauris personaJTa im galereisa, romlebic aqvariumSi 

Caasaxla avtorma. mas arafris Secvla ar SeuZlia. masze `mZlavrobs" sa- 

kuTari deda, misi arafrismTqmeli saxis garda, avtorma gviCvena, agreTve, 

- 52 -

sxva personaJTa sulieri dramatizmiT aRsavse cxovrebac. aseTebia mavra 

CubiniZe - solfejios maswavlebeli; Teimuraz mebuke - filologiur mec- 

nierebaTa kandidati - Cia, avadmyofurad fermkrTali kaci da arkadi ce- 

zari - Zveli iluzionisti, saTvalis qvemodan sevdiani Tvalebi rom mou- 

Canda. am dasasvenebeli saxlis erTferovan da mosawyen garemoSi TiToe- 

uli adamiani cal-calke uimedod daxSuli samyaroa, romlis wiaRSic 

SeRweva meore adamianisaTvis arsebiTad SeuZlebelia. yvela Tavis 

uxilav garsSia gaxveuli, TiTqos TavianT naWuWebSi Caketilan da iqidan 

pasiuri momziralis TvaliT akvirdebian garemos. am adamianebsa da gu- 

rams Soris urTierTobani ukiduresad gaZnelebulia. guramis martooba, 

zogadad, mwerlis Tanamedrove sazogadoebis umTavresi problemaa, rode- 

sac kulturasa da yofas erTnairad msWvalavs dehumanizaciis mtkivneu- 

li procesi. nawarmoebSi kargad Cans am kuTxiT avtoriseuli pozicia: 

`gurams arasodes ar hyolia megobari. megobroba msxverplad did dros 

moiTxovs. gurami ki verasodes ver poulobda, anda saSualebas ar aZlev- 

dnen epova Tu gamoenaxa es dro. umegobro da uamxanago kacs ki yvela 

adamiani erTnairad eucxoveba da sakuTar naWuWSi gamomwyvdeuli, Seg- 

nebulad Tu Seugneblad gaurbis adamianebTan urTierTobas. aseT dros 

zogs gandideba ipyrobs xolme, eCveneba, rom gangebam raRac gansakuT- 

rebuli niSnis mixedviT ganacalkeva igi sxvebisagan, aRamaRla da Cveu- 

lebriv mokvdavT aRar ZaluZT misi gageba. zogs piriqiT emarTeba. srul- 

fasovnebis grZnobas hkargavs. zedmetad eufleba gaubedoba da TandaTan 

hkargavs xelidan ecleba skuTari Tavisadmi rwmena" (`Jami dasvenebisa~). 

Txrobis gansakuTrebuli uSualobiTa da gmirTa xasiaTebis 

siwrfeliT gamoirCeva moTxroba `zeviT da qveviT~, romlis personaJebi 

bavSvobidan modian. erT ezoSi gazrdilebs bevri ram aaxlovebT, magram 

isini xSirad SeCveuls, axlos myof mSvenierebas ver amCneven. nawarmoebis 

mTavari personaJis gogis bavSvobam mezoblis – anci gogonas lias 

gverdiT gairbina. abezari liasagan Tavmobezrebuli `zRarbi~ sizmarSic 

ki kibeebze dasdevda onavar gogonas da, ai, wlebis miRma isini isev 

xvdebian erTmaneTs. gogi moazrovne, geologiaze Seyvarebuli, 

Tavmomwone axalgazrda kacia; lia Teatraluri institutis studenti, 

meocnebe, mSvenieri qaliSvlia. gogi ver erkveva Tavis grZnobebSi, 

- 53 -

dabneuli da SeSinebulia. mis pirovnebaSi moulodnelad gaCenili 

gauTviTcnobierebuli SiSis grZnoba akargvinebs axalgazrda kacs 

yvelaze Zvirfass, rac mas gaaCnia: ùkan movxede Cems patara gzas – iq 

sicariele iyo. Aarasdros miocnebia liasaviT ase srulad, ase 

sisxlsavsed, ase gatacebiT. arasdros ase ar mifiqria da liasaviT 

naTeli mizani ar mqonia arasodes. lia sxva adamiani iyo. lia ocnebobda, 

lias ar SeeZlo sxvanairi cxovreba - didi xelovnebisTvis iyo 

dabadebuli. misi ocneba iyo Tavisi Tavi eTamaSa scenaze, eTamaSa 

qaliSvili, romelsac wrfeli ocnebebi aqvs, maRali fiqrebi, romelmac 

iseTi siyvaruli icis, rogorc aravin (`zeviT da qveviT~). gogi 

dakompleqsebuli, sakuTar SesaZleblobebSi daeWvebuli axalgazrdaa, 

amitomac ar esmoda liasi da ver grZnobda qaliSvilis TvalebSi 

nisliviT gawolil sinanulis mizezs. `me mawuxebda Cemi uvicoba da 

sipatarave, uocnebod, umiznod gatarebuli dReebi. sakuTar guls 

vaskdebodi. axlac momeCvena TiTqos iseve iyo Selaxuli Cemi 

pativmoyvareoba Tu Tavmoyvareoba, rogorc meCveneboda bavSvobaSi 

(`zeviT da qveviT~). personaJis sulSi Cabudebulma SiSma 

arasrulyofilebis kompleqsma frTebi Seakveca mis axalgazrdul 

swrafvas mSvenierebisaken, magram, amave dros, mis sulSi Cndeba 

sinanuli, dakargulis dabrunebis survili. moTxrobis gmiris 

cxovrebaSi iwyeba kaTarzisi. gamofxizlebis, Tvalisaxelis gancdam gogi 

daarwmuna Tavisi grZnobebis seriozulobaSi. mwerali ase gadmogvcems 

mis gancdebs: `Robe-yores vedebodi, gangeb vedebodi. kargad vicodi, rac 

mawuxebda da Tavs vityuebdi, ufro sworad, ar mindoda damejerebina, 

rom am sicarieles amoavsebda lia, romelic CemTvis mxolod Soreul, 

didi xnis winaT nanax sizmrebSi arsebobda (`zeviT da qveviT~). liasa da 

gogis urTierToba, bavSvobis xalisiani TamaSi TiTqos meordeba 

Tojinebis TeatrSi, sadac Tejirs miRma Tojina wiTelquda bavSvuri, 

meamituri xmiT kiTxulobs: `mereda sad iyavi aqamde?~ gogi ver axerxebs 

Tejirs miRma gadaxedvas. simboluri dabrkoleba, romlis gadalaxva 

siZneles ar warmoadgens, misTvis gadaulaxavia. personaJi am 

pirobiTobas sinamdviled iRebs, radgan kargad ver wvdeba am TamaSisa da 

dialogis azrs. am moTxrobaSi a. sulakaurma kidev erTxel gviCvena, rom 

- 54 -

urbanistuli cxovrebis wesebma adamianebi sulierad gamofita, daukarga 

maT sakuTari bednierebisaTvis brZolis survili. 

gurami da givi (`xidi") aseve qalaquri yofis tipuri pirmSoebi arian. 

maT TiTqos warsulic aaxloebT, megobar-amxanagebic saerTo hyavT, ga- 

naTlebac, aRzrdac saTanado miuRiaT da mainc, mkiTxvelis TvalSi er- 

Tic da meorec ar tovebs srulyofili, Zlieri mamakacis STabeWdilebas. 

erTica da meorec TavianT viwro naWuWSi Caketilan. givi aSkarad `zedme- 

ti adamiania" man ver ipova Tavisi adgili verc xelovnebaSi, verc sazo- 

gadoebaSi, verc siyvarulSi (Tumca igi uyvarT da sakmaod pativscemen 

kidec). `zedmeti adamiani" gulCaTxrobili, meocnebe da martosulia, ami- 

tomac konfliqti pirovnebasa da sazogadoebas Soris gardauvalia. givis 

ver ugeben, misi ar esmiT; sazogadoebasa mas Soris harmoniaa darRveu- 

li. adamianis martosulobaze xSirad saubrobs mwerali da misi perso- 

naJebic martodmarto miuyvebian yofierebis gasavlel gzas. aseTi 

filosofiiT, adamiani TavisTavad mudam martoa, megobari misi sevdis 

droebiTi gamqarvebelia da verafers cvlis gmiris cxovrebaSi. mar- 

toobis mZafri SegrZneba erTi mxriv iwvevs sulier depresias, meore 

mxriv iseT TviTkmayofil ganwyobas, roca personaJs eCveneba, rom ufro 

maRla dgas, vidre xalxi, `sxvebi", mas veravin ugebs. suliT obolsa da 

martosuls adamianTa wreSi ar hyavs megobari; misi ar esmiT, ar 

iziareben mis idealebs. Cndeba ufskruli pirovnebasa da sazogadoebas 

Soris; swored, am ufskrulze migvaniSnebs mwerali qvemoTmoyvanil dia- 

logSi: 

` - Sen ras akeTeb, sad xar? 

- sad viqnebi, an ras gavakeTeb... vwer... Tumca vis raSi sWirdeba Seni 

naweri. gurams jer egona, naTqvamSi erTgvari sinanulma gamoJonao, mag- 

ram roca givis saxeze Sexeda, darwmunda, rom motyuvda. mis win idga ka- 

ci, romelsac aravisi esmoda". 

martooba rom saSiSia mxolod mconare da uniaTo sulTaTvis, es 

viTareba absoluturad esadageba givis pirovnebas, radgan igi egoistu- 

ri cnobierebis kacia; is daamaxinja drom da ver grZnobs sakuTar ga- 

ucxovebas sazogadoebisagan. givi martoobisa da udroobis gmiria. igi 

bavSvobis xilvebs dadevnebuli meocnebea. ar yofnis nebisyofa, arasrul- 

- 55 -

fasovnebis SegrZneba awamebs, amitomac sxvebSi eZebs mizezebs, brals 

sdebs sazogadoebas, sayvarel qals da megobrebs: èrTxelac iqneba dav- 

Tvrebi da yvelafers vetyvi... wavides, sadac unda iq wavides, oRond me 

Tavi damanebos. sxva rom ar iyos, xeli meSleba, veRarafers vakeTeb... ver 

vkiTxulob, ver vwer". is iqamdec ki aris daSvebuli, rom uars ambobs 

sayvarel qalisagan momaval Svilze: ìci, ra uTxari, givi Semoqmedi ka- 

cia-Tqo, bavSvi xels SeuSlis-Tqo. Seni Wirime, guram, iqneb rogorme 

daajero". 

a. sulakauris prozis erT-erTi Tavisebureba isicaa, rom misi gmi- 

rebi xSirad aRmoCndebian cxovrebis gzajvaredinze, arCevanis winaSe. am 

moTxrobaSic, ra Tqma unda, avtori SemTxveviT ar irCevs gzisa d xidis 

simboloebs da maT gansakuTrebul azrobriv datvirTvas akisrebs. `gza" 

aq sakuTari Tavis povnisa da pirovnul SesaZleblobaTa aRmoCenis saSua- 

lebaa. a. sulakauris gmirebi givi (`xidi"); daTo da miriani (òqros Tev- 

zi"); sakuTari gzis ZiebaSi arian. magram is obivateluri garemo, romel- 

sac pirobiTad àqvariumi" vuwodeT, adunebs maT moqmedebas, dinamiu- 

robas, pasiuroba ki mosawyens xdis maT cxovrebas. sakuTari Tavis povna 

cxadia, a. sulakauris gmirebisaTvis TviTmiznad ar aris qceuli. isini 

verc grZnoben, rom sakuTari `me" sadRac dakarges. zemoTganxilul 

moTxrobaSi mweralma gamoxata axalgazrda, gzaareuli kacis sakuTar 

oreulTan WidilSi damarcxebis sasowarkveTili ganwyobileba. sakuTari 

`me"-s wvdoma, pirovnebis mTlianobis rRvevis da gancalkevebis gardauv- 

lobis wvdomacaa. givi sakuTari Tavs gauucxovda. misi `me" gaorebulia. 

niRabi, romelic man moirgo realur cxovrebaSi, malavs givis namdvil 

saxes; amitom misi cxovreba aRiqmeba im kacis dramad, romelic iniRbeba, 

Tumca zogjer aujanydeba yvelas da yvelafers: 

`- ra Tqma unda, piesebs vwer... ar esmiT araferi, idiotebi arian... ase 

Cavardnilebi iqnebian mudam. Sen xom gaxsovs Cemi piesa, skolaSi rom 

davdgi? cudi iyo? ratom ar unda dadgas viTom sabavSvo Teatrma?" 

(`xidi~). 

givis tragedia sulieri wonasworobis dakargvaa; man ver SeZlo kav- 

Siris damyareba warsulsa da awmyos Soris. misTvis bavSvoba darCa idea- 

- 56 -

lur samyarod da ukve davaJkacebulic, kvlav am samyaroSi eZebs Tavis 

Tavs dasamkvidrelad. 

igi aRizianebs irgvliv myofT, radgan cvalebadi samyaroTi, adamia- 

nuri vnebebisa da interesebis dausrulebeli Sexla-SemoxliT damZi- 

mebuli personaJi sazogadoebaSi adgils ver poulobs. niRabi qceula gi- 

vis, rogorc individis, TavSesafrad. sabolood ki miviReT sulierad 

degradirebuli axalgazrda kacis saxe. moTxrobis gmirTa cxovreba Ta- 

visi SinaarsiT Zalian hgavs im garemos, romelSic maT uwevT arseboba. 

avtori SemTxveviT ar aTqmevinebs gurams: 

` - caSi sicarielea, varskvlavebi erTmaneTisagan ise Sors arian, 

amis warmodgena kacis gonebas ar SeuZlia. varskvalavebi ganmartoebiT 

cxovroben caSi, erTmaneTs gasaocari sivrceebiT dacilebulebi. 

mxolod Sori manZilidan Cans ase erTad, `daxvavebuli". 

`gadamRlelad xmaurobda moedani, mxolod axlaRa igrZno guramma 

rom moedani Zalze xmaurobda. xalxi ireoda, erTmaneTs awydeboda, merme 

iWedeboda avtobusebi da xalxiT datvirTuli Tavis gziT miemarTeboda". 

qalaqi savsea xalxiT, avtobusebi gaWedilia mgzavrebiT, quCebSi ada- 

mianebi gverds ver uvlian erTmaneTs. TiTqos megobrebis wrec didia da 

mainc, moTxrobis gmirebi martoni arian, martosuloba stanjavT, Cumad 

eZaxian erTmaneTs, gaTiTokacebulebs uWirT cxovreba da im varsklavebs 

emsgavsebian, erTmanTs warmoudgenlad daSorebuli sivrceebiT rom da- 

scilebian, Sori manZilidan ki, kacTa Tvalis mosatyueblad, erTad 

daxvavebulad acimcimebulan. 

a. sulkauri saTqmelis ZiriTad mizanze, zogjer nawarmoebis saTaur- 

iTve migvaniSnebs. erT-erT moTxrobas avtorma SemTxveviT rodi uwoda 

`xidi". xidi xom ori napiris SemaerTebelia da es simbolo cxovrebis 

sxvadasxva napirebze darCenili Zveli megobrebis SemakavSirebel imedad 

aris moxmobili: `guramis win ganieri xidi iwva, xidze aravin Canda, ca- 

rieli iyo. gurami marto midioda, daRlili Tavi gabruebuli hqonda da 

stkioda". bolomde marto rCebian moTxrobis gmirebi, radgan, rac maT 

erTmaneTTan akavSirebdaT, samudamod gahyolia warsuls. Caketili siv- 

rcis mZafri gancda ar aZlevs a. sulakauris gmirebs laRad cxovrebis 

saSualebas. SezRuduli, SemosazRvruli sasicocxlo areali frTebs uk- 

- 57 -

vecavs maT fantazias, akompleqsebs maT cnobierebas. myudro savane, sa- 

dac banaluroba gamefebula, aqvariumis dune cxovrebisaTvis aris Seqmni- 

li. aqvariumis daxavsebul garemos ar aSfoTebs cxovrebiseuli qa- 

riSxali, amitomac aq ar aris mosalodneli gmiris Sinagani Tavisuf- 

lebisaken swrafva, Tavisufali qmedeba. `sxvam ar unda icodes, ra xdeba 

Sens ojaxSi" - ai, baramiZeTa ojaxis kredo. obivateluri msoflmxedve- 

lobis klasikuri formulireba, sakmaod Zveli da samwuxarod, maradmoq- 

medi. 

romanis òqros Tevzis" gmirebi Sinaganad ver eguebian maT garSemo 

arsebul viTarebas, mdore cxovrebis wess. maTi tkivili mZime sulieri 

gancdebiT aris gamowveuli, magram ver garkveulan saidan modis igi. 

erTgan mwerali wers: `yvela TxilisguliviT Tavis patara da ubadruk 

naWuWSi cxovrobs da naWuWs Txilisguli mxolod imitom tovebs, rom 

gaqres". mirianis monologSi Cans, Tu rogor irRveva am personaJis suli- 

eri samyaro. misi dumili im Tevzis dumils mogvagonebs, pirSi wyali 

rom aqvs Cagubebuli. misTvis mxolod fiqrs SemorCenia aqtiurobis fun- 

qcia. miriani gulCaTxrobili, martosuli adamiania, amitom konfliqti, 

romelic misdauneburad warmoiSoba miriansa da misi ojaxis wevrebs So- 

ris, zogadad mTeli sazogadoebis avadmyofobaa - uSinaarso yofis ka- 

nonzomieri Sedegia. martosulobis, mitovebulobis mZafri SegrZneba mi- 

rianis pirovnebaSi iwvevs depresias, mas eCveneba rom ver ugeben, misi 

cxovreba ar ainteresebT. ase Caisaxa ufskruli miriansa da daTos So- 

ris, romelic dRiTidRe Rrmavdeba: `Sen ar ginda, namdvilad ar ginda, 

daTo, rom simarTle giTxra, yovelTvis ase iyo: sakuTari simarTle 

gqonda, sakuTari Targi da yvelafers im Targze sWridi: Tumca amas 

yovelTvis Seugneblad, gaucnobiereblad akeTebdi, Sen TviTon ver 

grZnobdi ise... Tumca, SeiZleba, zogjer grZnobdi kidec" (òqros Tevzi~). 

miriani aqvariumis dune cxovrebisaTvis ar aris Seqmnili, igi naoma- 

ri kacia da mis sulier depresias aqvs obieqturi mizezebi, romelic so- 

cialur garemodan iRebs saTaves da Trgunavs pirovnebas; amitom perso- 

naJis xasiaTSi naklebad igrZnoba Sinagani Tavisuflebisaken swrafva, 

yofili gmirisagan aRaraferi darCenila. mkiTxvelis Tvalwin dgas 

meobawarTmeuli, dabneuli kaci, romelsac imis Zalac ki aRar Seswevs 

- 58 -

sakuTar Tavs SeebrZolos, ar dauSvas misi sulis Sinagani rRveva. miria- 

nis saxiT mweralma warmoaCina drama ukanonod dasjili kacisa, romelic 

farul oms ucxadebs yvelas da yovelives. 

miriani martosulia. igi bralmdebelia mTeli sazogadoebisa da gan- 

sakuTrebiT yvelaze axlobeli adamianebisa: 

` - Sen zrunavdi Cemze, vici, wuxdi.. – miriani TiTqos umcrosi Zmis 

fiqrebs kiTxulobda. – magram sinamdvileSi Seni TavisTvis zrunavdi da 

wuxdi. Cemi gareT gasvla da dagvianeba gaRelvebda, da gindoda sul 

Sin vmjdariyavi, rom Seni simSvide ar SegeSfoTebina, dawynarebiT rom 

gecxovra. isedac bevri gaRelve da gaSfoTe. jer omSi viyavi, mere 

davikarge, mere mokvdi, mere ise aRvsdeqi mkvdreTiT, mere.... rogorc iqna, 

davbrundi..... xom ar SeiZleba erTma kacma wuxili da mRelvareba 

ganacdevinos meores? amitom gerCia sul Sin yofiliyavi...~ (òqros 

Tevzi~). 

mirianis filosofia erTnairad amarTlebs òqros Tevzis" yvela per- 

sonaJis cxovrebas. aq yvela martoa. marto rCeba daTo, miriani, martoa 

buba eSbac, patara zurikoc, norac, Zia vanoc da bevri sxvac. am gmirebs 

oqros Tevzis msgavsad awuxebT sakuTari simartove da itanjebian. 

Ggamosavalic am situaciidan ar Cans: 

`d a T o: albaT morigeobiT mogviwevs me da mirians dildilaobiT 

rZesa da purze siaruli. rodemde SeiZleba Sin uqmad jdoma arafris 

keTeba. sauzme, sadili, vaxSami... sauzme, sadili, vaxSami... merme isev: 

sauzme, sadili... ase Tendeba da ase Ramdeba. erTxans sauzmesa da sadils 

Soris dros Cem saqmeebze sirbilSi vklavdi. davdiodi da Tavs 

vimarTlebdi, vamtkicebdi, rom marTali var~ (òqros Tevzi~). aqvariumSi 

gamomwyvdeulebiviT exlebian a. sulakauris gmirebi erTferovani 

cxovrebis yru kedlebs, samzeri dabindviaT, imedic TiTqos gadawurviaT. 

ATevzis ganwyobilebis aRweriT avtori parallels avlebs aseT 

yofasTan: 

òqros Tevzi dilidanve SeSfoTebuli iyo. nerviulad dasrialebda 

da kedlidan kedels awydeboda. SesaZloa, dRes pirvelad igrZno, rom aq- 

variumi, romelSic amdeni xania cxovrobs, Zalze pataraa, rom am patara 

qilaSi Znelia amdeni xani cxovreba. aRarc axsovs, rodis gamocvales 

- 59 -

wyali. minis kedels xavsi moedo da gareT gaxedva Wirs. oqros Tevzs ki 

gamWvirvale kedlebidan gaxedva uyvarda, akvirdeboda ra xdeboda ked- 

lis miRma". 

patara zurikos bavSvobis dReebic, oqros Tevzis msgavsad, Caketil 

sivrciTaa SemosazRvruli. mis oTaxs fanjarac ki ara aqvs, mas ki 

fanjridan cqera uyvars. daTo naTiSvilic, miuxedavad misi aqtiuri 

bunebisa, martosulia. isic aqvariumis garemoSi, mojadoebul, Caketil 

wreSi cxovrobs. mas megobrebic hyavs, Seyvarebuli gogonac masTan aris, 

magram igi mainc martoa, misi aravis esmis da oqros Tevzis msgavsad 

awydeba `cxovrebis gamWvirvale kedels". 

oqros Tevzi SeeCvia minis WurWlis xavsian kedlebs, axla gareTac 

veRar icqreba: òqros Tevzi ver ixedeboda da arc ainteresebda, ra 

xdeboda minis kedlebs miRma. TavisTvis cxovrobda, gare samyaros 

mowyvetili". zustad ase cxovrobs garesamyarodan izolirebulad daTo- 

sa da mirianis deda da da. maT ar ician ra saqmanobas eweva ojaxis mama 

platoni. arc ainteresebT. samagierod, xalxSi Rirseulad uWiravT Tavi 

- `sxvam ar unda icodes, ra xdeba Sen ojaxSi"- esaa maTi devizi. amitom 

Tu zeimoben uxmod zeimoben, Tu wuxan - uxmod wuxan. xolo Cveulebriv 

dReebs es simyudrove arasodes daurRvevia. mariamis - platonis meuRlis 

`dauRalavi Rvawlis" Sedegad baramiZeebis ojaxSi ìdealuri" garemoa 

Seqmnili. cxovrebis SfoTva da duRili maT TiTqos ar wvdebaT. ojaxis 

mamas platons - keTil da Sromismoyvare kacad icnoben, dedac mSvidi da 

auRelvebeli qalia. Svilebic daTo, miriani, Teona arafriT ar arRveven 

am myudroebas, rac baramiZeebis ojaxis mTavar sazrunavs warmoadgens, 

magram mainc igrZnoba, rom es moCvenebiTi idiliuri garemoa, igrZnoba, 

rom didxans ase ar SeiZleba gagrZeldes, radgan siyalbes adre Tu gvian 

niRabi Camoexsneba. SeCveuli, daxavsebuli garemo ar uqmnis axalgaz- 

rdebs xvalindeli dRis aranair perspeqtivas. Tavdapirvelad isini 

mxolod sulisSemxuTvel siviwroves grZnoben, magram Semdeg, oqros Tev- 

zis msgavsad, uCndebaT protestis grZnoba; awydebian Caketili sivrcis 

(aqvariumis) daxavsebul kedlebs da bolos dgeba maT cxovrebaSi Tvalis 

axelis mtkivneuli wuTebi: òqros Tevzs guli uwuxda. aqvariumSi veRar 

eteoda, sunTqva uWirda. fskerisaken daeSva, merme farflebi Ronivrad 

- 60 -

daiqnia da isariviT aiWra zeviT, wylis zedapirs rom miuaxlovda, kidev 

erTxel daiqnia grZeli farflebi da wylidan amoxta. erTi wamiT amoxta 

mxolod, isev wyalSi CaeSva Tavdayira. im erT wamSi naTeli qveyana 

ixila, nacnobi, aTasjer nanaxi da gancdili, magram mainc sxvanairi. 

qveyana ufro mxiaruli da gabrwyinebuli eCvena, vidre aqamde egona". 

aqvariumiT SemosazRruli garemo SeiZleba gaviazroT rogorc 

TavisuflebawarTmeuli samSoblos metafora; Cvenis azriT, 

totalitarul saxelmwifosa da adamianebze misi sulis SemxuTveli 

ideologiuri politikis zewolis Sedegad Caisaxa Semoqmedis 

cnobierebaSi protestis gamoxatvis aseTnairi alegoriuli forma. pro- 

testi gaCnda, magram imedi am rkinis saltiT Sekruli wridan Tavis daR- 

wevisa arsad Cans. a. sulakauri amCnevs irgvliv arsebuli cxovrebis uaz- 

robas, amitomac ver isvenebs misi oqros Tevzi aqvariumSi, amitomac uC- 

ndeba survili uxilavis xilvisa da gancdisa. es xom yvela adamianis 

ocnebaa, magram am ocnebis aRiarebis, gamomJRavnebis uflebac ki ekrZa- 

lebodaT `bednieri qveynis bednier Svilebs". daTosa da oqros Tevzis 

saubris mizani nawarmoebSi personaJis sakuTar TavTan, sakuTar 

oreulTan Sexmianebisa da misi gamxnevebis survilia: 

òqros Tevzi fiqriani da gulCaTxrobili gaxda. 

Mmagram erT dRes, roca yvela wasuli egona, moulodnelad daTo 

daadga Tavze da hkiTxa: 

- rogor xar? 

O oqros Tevzma araferi upasuxa, radgan sjeroda, rom daTo ugulod 

ekiTxeboda, ise - sxvaTaSoris. 

- migatova mirianma? Mmigatova? 

- ho, mimatova…- Cailaparaka TavisTvis oqros Tevzma. 

- sul marto darCi, Se sawyalo, marto darCi. 

- ho. Mmarto var. 

- Seni martooba mawuxebs xolme. martooba..…erTxel damesizmra, 

TiTqos me viyavi minis es WurWeli,…TiTqos me viyavi da Sen CemSi 

cxovrobdi.…me vwuxdi, rom Cems sxeulSi ucxo arseba moxvda, 

vwuxdi…Tan momeCvena, rom Senc Sewuxebuli iyavi, radgan sxva 

WurWelSi aRmoCndi...… momeCvena...… 

- 61 -

Ooqros Tevzi sixarulis TrTolvam aitana. 

- magram is sizmari iyo...… sizmari...… 

- sizmari? 

- mere xandaxan megona, marTla cxovrobdi CemSi.…xandaxan… iqneb 

marTla CemSi cxovrob? iqneb? 

- me minda vicxovro, minda SenSi vicxovro. 

- axlac ase mgonia, TiTqos es WurWeli me var da Sen CemSi cxovrob… 

axlac ase mgonia. 

- vcxovrob, - sixaruliT iyvira oqros Tevzma, - me yovelTvis 

vicxovreb. 

Aamayad gasrialda wyalSi. oqros Tevzs bevrjer ganecada sixaruli, 

siamaye ki arasodes. Rirseulad eWira Tavi, farflebs nela, dinjad 

amoZravebda, ise, rogorc es Sehferis darbaisel Tevzs, romelmac 

sicocxleSive moipova didi dideba, eziara ukvdavebas, 

- me axla dagapureb, oqros Tevzo, dagapureb~ (òqros Tevzi~). 

daTo naTiSvili Tavs oqros TevziviT mousvenrad grZnobs, mere ki 

dainaxavs da darwmundeba, rom misi mSoblebi, mezoblebi, irgvliv myof- 

Ta didi umravlesoba mxolod moCvenebiTi keTildReobisaTvis zrunaven. 

aq ganmsazRvrelia Segoneba: `sxvam ar unda icodes, ra xdeba Sens 

ojaxSi". mTavaria niRbis kargad morgeba, romlis safarqveS Turme yve- 

lafris Cadena SeiZleba. misi ojaxic garegnuli simSvidiTa da wesie- 

rebiT SeniRbuli, aSmorebuli gube yofila, suls rom uxuTavs adamians. 

esaa ojaxi, romelmac ar icis ra aris patiosneba, sindisi, adamianuri si- 

amayis grZnoba, sikeTe, siyvaruli da mainc, yovelive amis qomagad ki mo- 

aqvs Tavi. 

mouwesrigebeli sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebidan gamomdinare 

yofnis SegrZnebis simZafre, sulieri samyaros rRveva, agresia 

erTmaneTis mimarT - yvela es uaryofiTi emocia personaJTaTvis socia- 

luri garemodan modis, im socialuri garemodan, romelSic pirovneba 

Tavs Tavisuflad ver grZnobs. mwerali migvaniSnebs, rom qveyana, sadac 

ugulvebelyofilia adamianTa TvTgamoxatvis ufleba, SezRudulia maTi 

miswrafebebi da sazogadoebis yvela wevri iZulebulia niRabi ataros, 

ar SeiZleba iqces Tavisufali azrovnebisa da damoukidebeli Taobis aR- 

- 62 -

mzrdel qveynad. meSCanuri da obivateluri ganwyoba adamianis 

cnobierebaSi mravali saxiT mogvevlina. amitomac am Temam XX saukunis 

60-70-iani wlebis qarTul literaturaSi mTavari adgili daiWira. 

T. WilaZis gmiri (`gaseirneba ponis etliT~) Tavisi sulieri 

interesebiT, fsiqologiiT da Sinagani samyaroTi upirispirdeba ara 

mxolod mis mezoblad mcxovreb `piJamoian rkinigzels~, romelic Tavisi 

wiwilebis movliT aris garTuli, ara mxolod marines mSoblebs - baton 

mirians da qalbaton ekas, romelTa ojaxi namdvili meSCanobis budes 

warmoadgens, aramed daTos mamasac, damsaxurebul da gavlenian 

xelovans, romlisTvisac fraza - àlbaT, ase iyo saWiro~ - yvelaferze 

maRla dgas: sakuTar mrwamsze, megobrobaze, moqalaqeobriv sindisze. 

am adamianTa mTavari sazrunavi piradi keTildReobaa. daTos mama 

iseve zrunavs Tavis mdgomareobaze, sazogadoebriv reputaciaze, rogorc 

`piJamoiani rkinigzeli~ Tavis wiwilebze, rogorc qalbatoni eka Tavis 

avejze da Tavisi qaliSvilis kargad gaTxovebaze. 

aseTive garemos xatavs Tavisi personaJebisaTvis mwerali g. 

fanjikiZec. misi gmirebi mudmiv konfliqtSi arian meSCanur 

sazogadoebasTan. maT miaCniaT, rom irRveva zneoba, morali, aRaravis 

axsovs sulieri Rirebulebani. obivateluria mindaZeebis ojaxi (`meSvide 

ca~), platoni, samSeneblo obieqtis gabRenZili mmarTveli, misi coli 

TinaTini, mudam sigaretiT xelSi da axali kabebiT, cdilobs ar 

CamorCes modas da yuradReba miiqcios. maTi qaliSvili marine 

provinciuluri cxovrebis WaobSi CaZirula. es gmirebi, TavianTi 

cxovrebis wesiT, Zalian gvanan arCil sulakauris òqros Tevzis~ zemoT 

naxseneb gmirebs. 

gaCerebuli drois SegrZneba, ùZravi moqmedeba" da cxovrebis uaz- 

roba, SuSis WurWlidan danaxuli samyaros gancda, arasrulyofilebis 

kompleqsi, udroobis SegrZneba da uimedoba - ai, ra Tvisebebis er- 

TobliobiT warmoaCina aqvariumis Tema a. sulakaurma; da rom es asea, 

amis damadasturebelia mwerlis mier aqvariumis ganzogadebuli warmod- 

gena: `Tbili, msubuqi bindi efineboda qalaqs. gegoneboda uzarmazar mi- 

nis WurWeli gamWvirvale, iisferi siTxiT ivseboda, bindSi sagnebi TiT- 

qos TandaTan pataravdebodnen, ikumSebodnen". qalaqi, sadac baramiZeebis 

- 63 -

ojaxi cxovrobs, a. sulakauris mxatvrul azrovnebaSi aqvariumis formas 

Rebulobs. misi mcxovreblebic arafris keTebiT arian dakavebulni. dro 

aqac gaCerebulia da sivrceCaketili. aqaurebic TevzebiviT arian moqce- 

ulni qalaquri yofis garemoSi. maTi cxovrebac uazro facifucSi gadis, 

TiTqos raRacas akeTeben, magram sabolood dros mxolod urTier- 

TTvalTvalSi, erTmaneTze WoraobaSi klaven. TiTqos am adamianebs er- 

TmaneTi arc uyvarT, isini gaucxovebulan, erTmaneTis mtrebad qceulan. 

mwerals ainteresebs ara erTi adamianis Sinagani samyaros Cveneba, aramed 

pirovnebebis urTierTobaTa faruli arsi, misi Tanamedrove cxovrebiseu- 

li simarTlis wvdoma. 

zemoTnaxsenebi gancda, romelic bediswerasaviT Tan sdevT a. 

sulakauris gmirebs, msoflio gancdad aRiqmeba da,Bunebrivia, ver 

ganisazRvreba erTi mwerlis SemoqmedebiT an erTi qveynisa da epoqis 

farglebSi moqceuli sazrunaviT. igi saerTo sakacobrio satkivridan 

iRebs saTaves da erTnairad msWvalavs dedamiwis sxvdasxva kuTxeSi 

mcxovreb adamianTa Tavisuflebas, mizanswrafvas, ocnebebsa da sulier 

aRmafrenas. Tanamedroveobis didi mwerlisa da fsiqologis paulo 

koelios gaxmaurebul romanSi `veronikam sikvdili gadawyvita~ (koelio 

2005). mwerali arCil sulakauris SemoqmedebisaTvis egzom 

damaxasiaTebeli ganwyobilebiT aRwers aqvariumis sulisSemxuTvel 

garemos gavlenas Tanamedrove adamianis fsiqikaze. aqvariumis garemos 

momnusxvel, `komfortul~ Sinaganawesis savalalo Sedegebze 

Ggvesaubreba avtori, roca viletis (fsiqiatriuli saavadmyofo) yofili 

binadari, ukve gamojanmrTelebuli pacienti, garedan macqeralis TvaliT 

afasebs misi wris adamianebis cxovrebas. eseni arian qalaqis komfortsa 

da wesrigs miCveuli Tanamedroveni, romlebic cdiloben àvzSi~ 

Cagubebuli wyaliviT icxovron da arasodes gascdnen maTTvis kedlebiT 

Semofarglul napirebs. nawarmoebSi vkiTxulobT: 

`gamojanmrTelebuli isev avzSi davbrundi da Tqven gagicaniT. didi 

madloba megobrobisTvis, TanadgomisTvis, erTad gatarebuli amdeni 

bednieri wuTisTvis, Cven aqvariumSi moTavsebuli TevzebiviT 

gverdigverd vcxovrobdiT da bednierebi viyaviT, rom daniSnul dros 

- 64 -

viRac sakvebs gviyrida da Tuki movisurvebdiT, isic SegveZli minis 

kedlebs gavqceodiT da samyarosaTvis Segvexeda. 

magram guSin musikisa da erTi gogonas wyalobiT Zalze 

mniSvnelovani ram gavacnobiere: cxovreba aq am kedlebs SigniTac igivea, 

rogoric am kedlebs gareT. aqac da iqac adamianebi jgufurad 

ikribebian, sakuTar kedlebs ageben da sxvas aravis rTaven nebas maTi 

uSfoTveli arseboba daarRvios. isini imitom moqmedeben, rom mieCvivnen 

am qmedebebs, swavloben gamousadegar sagnebs, mxolod imitom erTobian, 

rom asea miRebuli. danarCen samyaros ki rac unda is mosvlia. ukeTes 

SemTxvevaSi - es ki Cven araerTs gagvikeTebia, - televizorSi erTad 

naxaven axal ambebs da amasac mxolod imitom, rom erTxel kidev 

darwmundnen raoden bednierebi arian problemebiTa da usamarTlobiT 

savse samyaroSi. aravis surs icodes ra xdeba aqvariumis kedlebs iqiT. 

Ddidi xnis ganmavlobaSi es mamSvidebda da keTil gavlenas axdenda 

Cemze, magram yvela vicvlebiT da mec Tavgadasavlebis saZieblad mominda 

wasvla, Tumca ukve 65 wlis var da vici, ramden winaaRmdegobas Semiqmnis 

Cemi asaki. me bosniaSi mivemgzavrebi. iq adamianebi melian, romelTac jer 

araferi ician Cem Sesaxeb da arc me vicnob maT. mxolod is vici, rom me 

maT vWirdebi da isic mwams, rom erTi Tavganwirva sjobs keTildReobasa 

da komfortis aTasobiT dRes~ (koelio 2005: 188). 

paulo koelios gmiris msgavsad arCil sulakauris ozoc xsnas 

gaqcevaSi xedavs: `maSin, roca iqauroba mivatove da gaviqeci, ar vicodi, 

ras gavurbodi, magram axla Tu gaviqeci, ukve mecodineba, Cans ga- 

vurbivar, veRar vuZleb dagubebul dumils, romelmac ananosTan erTad 

mZime garsSi momaqcia da am garss Tavi rom davaRwio, imedic ara maqvs", - 

ambobs ozo (`TeTri cxeni"). `mkvdruli mdgomareoba" - ase Seafasa a. su- 

lakaurma is samyaro, romelSic mis personaJebs uwevT arseboba da moq- 

medeba. misi gmirebi cdiloben Secvalon awmyo, magram cxovreba gaCe- 

rebulia, sivrce SemosazRvruli, statikuria iseve, rogorc wyali aqva- 

riumSi. dReebi erTmaneTs gvanan. sakuTari Tavis ZiebiT garTuli perso- 

naJi ver erkveva realobaSi: `xandaxan meCveneba, sakuTari Tavi davkarge 

da veRar vpoulob"- ambobs is. xsna gaqcevaSia, ara realobidan gaqcevaSi, 

aramed fizikurad Tavis gadarCenisaTvis ltolvaSi. ojaxidan garbian mi- 

- 65 -

iani, daTo, ozo, gurami, givi da sxv. adamianebi garbian, emalebian 

problemebs, eZeben xsnas. mwerali ar mihyveba am gmirebs, ar gviCvenebs 

momavlis perspeqtivas; rac Seexeba oqros Tevzs mas aqvariumidan gaTavi- 

sufleba sicocxlis fasad ujdeba: `me unda gavuZlo yvelafers, - fiq- 

robda oqros Tevzi, - me unda gavuZlo... merme lurji ca da TeTri 

Rrublebi dainaxa. saxlebi, saxuravebi, mere kibis rikulebian moajirsac 

mohkra Tvali. es garemoze ukanaskneli Tvalis Sevleba gamodga. Zirs da- 

narcxebuli qilis namsxvrevebSi uRonod farTxalebda oqros Tevzi - 

sunTqva aRar SeeZlo, magram Rirsebis grZnobas mainc ar kargavda: Rirse- 

ulad unda mokvde - gaifiqra oqros Tevzma - me ukvdavi var, Cemi suli 

adamianebSi icocxlebs". oqros Tevzis sityvebiT: `me ukvdavi var, Cemi 

suli adamianebSi icocxlebs" - mweralma xazi gausva aqvariumis Temis ma- 

radiulobas, SesaZleblobas, rom momavalSi kvlav daubrundebian da 

axleburad gaiazreben aseTi yofis uazrobas. 

oqros Tevzisa da aqvariumis Temas exeba niWieri mwerlis xaTuna 

TavdgiriZis moTxroba `don manueli da oqros Tevzi~ (TavdgiriZe, `Cveni 

mwerloba~, 2009). axalgazrda mwerlis moTxrobaSi pirobiToba realur 

saxes iRebs – oqros Tevzma da personaJma adgilebi gacvales, don 

manueli akvariumSi moTavsda: èrTxel oqros Tevzma da don manuelma 

adgilebi gacvales. roca manuelma cicqna da daxavsebul aqvariumSi 

amohyo Tavi, Tavdapirvelad ar daijera, Tavisi ucnauri mdgomareoba~. 

daTo naTiSvili aseTi gardasaxvaze ocnebobs, magram a. sulakauri ar 

gviCvenebs mis aseT metamorfozas. x. TavdgiriZis gmiric zarmaci da 

yovlad gamousadegari kacia, usaqmuri, loTi da meocnebe okeaneologi. 

moTxrobaSi ise, rogorc a. sulakaurTan, oqros Tevzis gancdebzea 

saubari: òqros Tevzi Zalian Seawuxa manuelis sisuleleebis Cmaxvam. 

moTminebis fiala evseboda. patara ambavi ar gaxldaT, yoveldRiurad, 

manuelis mTvrali narativisa da dabiJinebuli sifaTis atana. Tanac 

damyayebul wyalSi yuryuti sulac ar epitnaveboda da ekadriseboda. 

oqros Tevzi iyo, bolos da bolos, ubralo ki ara. TiTqos is ar 

kmaroda, sakvebis Cayra da wylis gamocvla rom aviwydebodaT, 

gulaCvilebuli manueli Tevzs saalersod akvariumSi xeliT rom 

dasdevda, an gabrazebulze uferflavda, axla es daStampuli ocnebebis 

- 66 -

Txrobac rom dasCemda. manuelis ocnebebi Tevzs ise hqonda gazuTxuli, 

rom mZinaresac SeeZlo maTi zusti TanamimdevrobiT Camorakrakeba~ 

(TavdgiriZe, `Cveni mwerloba~ 2009: 12). MpersonaJs, Tavisi ocnebebis 

Sesrulebis dapireba Zvirad daujda - igi Tevzma moatyua da aqvariums 

Tavi ver daaRwia, masSi gardaicvala. a. sulakauris da p. koelios mier 

aqvariumis yofis gaazreba, am moTxrobaSi axali kuTxiTaa danaxuli. aq 

saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis alegorias enacvleba e. w. `Tevzis 

depresia~, 21-e saukunis uzrunvelyofili yofisagan gazarmacebuli 

adamianis cxovrebis tragedia. oqros Tevzma, romelic moklebulia 

ocnebis unars da mxolod maTi Sesruleba ZaluZs, manuels survilebi 

da ideebi mopara, ùbralo Tevzis TvalTaxedvam~ ar daakmayofila. 

manuelis cols ver gaugia, ratom mokvda oqros Tevzi: 

`kviris Tavze margom akvariumis zedapirze amotivtivebuli, mkvdari 

wiTelquda rom dainaxa, erTi Sehkivla: `momkvdarxar, Se ubeduroo...~ 

gulrwfelad ukvirda daRvremil margos: `depresia Tevzs ratom unda 

sWirdes? ari ra TavisTvis aqvariumSi, uSromlad Wams da svams, dardi 

ar awuxebs da ideebi, col-Svili da sayofacxovrebo problemebi, neta 

raRa eg depresia aiCemao.~ mere, ise, rom qmris saxlSi dabrunebas ar 

dalodebia, mkvdari Tevzi akvariumidan mooqrovili sasauzme kovziT 

amoiyvana da unitazSi Carecxa~ (TavdgiriZe, `Cveni mwerloba~ 2009: 16).… 

aqvariumis alegoria, problema, romelic a. sulakauris nawar- 

moebebSi mxatvrul gansaxierebas hpovebs, rogorc davinaxeT, yovel dro- 

Si SeiZleba arsebobdes, droebiT SeiZleba miviwyebul iqnas, magram xSi- 

rad Segvaxsenos Tavi, xSirad gaxdes axali asaxvisa da gaazrebis Tema. a. 

sulakauris mxatvruli prozis qveteqstebze da saTqmelis metaforulad 

gadmocemaze dakvirveba saSualebas gvaZlevs Cveneuli interpretacia da 

axsna mivceT zogierT avtoriseul miniSnebas. udavoa, rom statikuri 

dro da aqvariumis uZravi stiqia aris a. sulkauris Tanadrouli cxov- 

rebis anarekli, aqvariumi ki totalitaruli saxelmwifos simboluri ga- 

moxatulebaa. yvelafers Seguebuli oqros Tevzi saxea im adamianebisa, 

romlebic mwerlis gverdiT trialebdnen - xedavdnen, esmodaT, 

grZnobdnen, aRiqvamdnen da aanalizebdnen irgvliv mimdinare movlenebs, 

magram oqros Tevzis msgavsad Tqmis ufleba ar hqondaT, an vis ainter- 

- 67 -

esebda sabWoTa imperiaSi rigiTi mokvdavis grZnobebi da azrebi. albaT, 

swored es sayovelTaod cnobili akrZalvebis faqtori uqmnida safuZ- 

vels XX saukunis 60-an wlebSi mwerlebs alegoriuli azrovnebiTa da 

miniSnebebiT eTqvaT TavianTi saTqmeli. 

b) omis Tema 

a. sulakauris Taobas mtkivneulad Seexo omis qariSxliani dReebis 

susxi, amitomac omis Temas mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi wamyvani adgili uWi- 

ravs. TiTqmis yvela mis prozaul nawarmoebSi pirdapir Tu arapirdapir 

gamJRanebuli da asaxulia iseTi STabeWdilebebi, omisagan 

adamianebisaTvis miyenebuli tkivilebiT da mZime sulieri gancdebiT 

rom aris nasazrdoebi. Cvens literaturaTmcodneobaSi, rodesac saubaria 

60-iani wlebis Taobis wvlilze qarTul mwerlobaSi (a. sulakauri, n. 

dumbaZe, r. jafariZe, o. ioseliani, r. WeiSvili, T. WilaZe da sxv.), xaz- 

gasmulia, rom meore msoflio omis peripetiebma, am udidesma msoflio 

katastrofam, gansazRvres kidec maTi Semoqmedebis Tavisebureba. 

à. sulakauri ar erideboda cecxlisa da maxvilis Tematikas. samagie- 

rod, Zalumad igrZnoba is sulieri stresi, romelsac ganicdis omis Te- 

maze werisas. mas ufro adamianis Sinagani samyaro izidavs. mis 

moTxrobebSi omis grgvinva sulac ar gaismis, samagierod, Zalumad ig- 

rZnoba is sulieri stresi, romelsac ganicdis omisagan daTrgunuli 

calkeuli individi Tu mTeli sazogadoeba. amave dros, mwerali farTod 

uxsnis gzas Tavisi cnobierebis bavSvobisdroindel anarekls" (arCvaZe: 

`literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1999) marTebulad aRniSnavdnen, rom òmze 

dawerili axali wignebi avsebdnen da ar cvlidnen mTavar simarTles 

omis Sesaxeb. novatoroba vlindeba ara realobis asaxvaSi, aramed omis 

Sesaxeb Cveni codnis gaRrmavebaSi, mis analizSi, omis winaaRmdegobebisa 

da kanonzomierebebis ganviTarebis wvdomaSi. dRes, mwerals aqvs saSua- 

leba Sori manZilidan da sxva droidan dainaxos omis fsiqologia, uf- 

ro Rrmad Seiswavlos, uyuros movlenebs masStaburad: memuarebi, piradi 

gamocdileba, dro, sivrce. daSoreba da mweralTa ostatoba ganapirobebs 

omis Temaze arsebuli literaturis maRal dones". (Rvinjilia 1990: 455). 

- 68 -

omisSemdgom mweralTa TaobisaTvis omi asaxvisa da gansjis sagnad 

iqca da SeiZleba iTqvas, omis Tematikam xelovnebis yvela sfero mTlia- 

nad moicva. omis saSinelebebma, ngrevam, milionobiT adamianis xocva-Jle- 

tam uamravi problema dautova kacobriobas, rac qmnida kidevac mweral- 

TaTvis axali siuJetebis Seqmnisa da am Temaze weris mravalferovan Se- 

saZleblobebs. adamiani da omi - es ori mxare mTavaria am Temaze ar- 

sebul literaturaSi. is organzomilebiania - adamianis roli omis bedis 

gadawyvetaSi da omis roli adamianis cxovrebaSi. es ori problema ar 

asvenebda da niadag aRelvebda rogorc mwerlebs, aseve mkiTxvelsac. 

wero da isaubro omze, ar niSnavda da ar niSnavs adido gmirebi an aZago 

moRalateebi, an kidev mxatvrulad aRwero ama Tu im brZolis bataluri 

scena. am yvelaferTan erTad, mweralma unda SeZlos dagvanaxos Tavisi 

damokidebuleba am dramatuli movlenisadmi, masSi monawile adamianebis 

eTikur-zneobrivi dacemis Tu amaRlebis procesi, romelic xSirad dafa- 

rulia omis qarcecxlis kvamlsa da qaosSi. swored, am kuTxiT gaa- 

cocxla omis Tema a. sulakaurma moTxrobebSi `talRebi napirisken mois- 

wrafian", `luka", `mtredebi", romlebSic wina planze wamoswia adamianis 

sulis siRrmeebSi mimaluli ufaqizesi gancdebi. 

omma kidev erTxel Seaxsena da gaumZafra adamianebs maradiuli sa- 

fiqrali sicocxleze, sikvdilze, siyvarulze. es sami, magram cal-calke 

arsebuli Tema, gaerTianda omis Temaze daweril zemoT naxseneb 

nawarmoebebSi da amave dros SeiZina axali mxatvruli gaazreba. qarTul 

mwerlobaSi omis Temaze araerTi RirsSesaniSnavi nawarmoebi Seiqmna da 

iqmneba dResac. moTxrobaSi `talRebi napirisken miiswrafian" a. 

sulakauri Seecada originalurad gaeazrebina adamianis bedisa da omis, 

zogadad, mkacri realobis urTierTobis problema. mweralma SeZlo ise 

daexata es urTierTobebi, rom arsebiTi yuradReba gadaetana pirovnebis 

sulieri cxovrebis ufaqizes niuansebze, misi zneobrivi amaRlebisa Tu 

dacemis Cvenebaze. omis Temaze dawerili nawarmoebebiT a. sulakaurma 

SeZlo mTavari - mkiTxvelSi gamoewvia zizRi da Seurigebloba omisa da 

misi damangreveli Sedegebis mimarT. omiT miyenebuli tkivilebis Sexor- 

ceba da gamTlianeba mSvidobiani cxovrebis pirobebSic ki Znelad xdeba. 

mweralma moaxerxa eCvenebina omi ise, rom mkiTxvelis yuradReba mieqcia 

- 69 -

Tul stuaciebSi moxvedrili adamianebis moqmedebis fsiqologiuri da 

moraluri mxarisaTvis, zneobriobis momentebisaTvis. am moTxrobaSi omi 

aRar aris heroikisa da gmirobis gamomJRavnebis e. w. `momxibvleli" aspa- 

rezi. moTxrobaSi `talRebi napirisken miiswrafian" erTmaneTs upirispir- 

deba erTis mxriv, boroteba, ramac omis mTeli saSineleba daatriala da 

sikvdils sicocxleze gamarjveba moawadina, meore mxriv ki, qaliSvilis 

nazi, sufTa, sicocxlis siyvaruliT da sinaziT savse buneba. 

moTxrobaSi sikeTisa da borotebis dapirispireba daxatulia jariskaci- 

sa da zemdegis, miwisa da zRvisa saxiT. zRva - yovlismSTanTqmeli stiqi- 

is simboloa, romelic TiTqos ìparavs adamianebs da Tavis wiaRSi ma- 

lavs maT~. jariskaci Zlieria, gamarjvebaSi darwmunebulia, bunebiT op- 

timistia. zemdegi - uxeSi, praqtikuli, Tavis gadarCenis instiqtiT 

Sepyrobili kacia. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom teqstSi kargad aris aRwerili saSinelebaTa 

scenebi, axalgazrda jariskacSi mainc ar qreba mSvenierebisaken swraf- 

vis survili - es, albaT, is didi grZnobaa, romelic amaRlebs adamians 

cxovelur instinqtebze da aiZulebs sicocxlis mSvenierebaze ifiqros. 

moTxrobaSi ar aris SurisZiebis magaliTebi, ar Cans gmiruli Tavgan- 

wirva an Tundac raime iseTi epizodi, sabrZolo moqmedeba, romelSic Se- 

iZleba jariskacis maRali patriotuli grZnoba da sulis simtkice uSua- 

lod gamovlindes. arc mtris konkretuli saxea moTxrobaSi gamokveTi- 

li, arsad Cans germaneli jariskacis, rogorc mowinaaRmdegis, mkvleli- 

sa da moZaladis uaryofiTi saxe. moTxrobaSi a. sulakauri xelovnurad 

ar amuqebs ferebs, igi ar cdilobs gamogonili Suq-CrdilebiT Semosos 

omis sulisSemZvreli suraTebi. mwerali detalebisa da calkeuli epizo- 

debis meSveobiT gvixatavs naomar sofels. aq balaxgadavlili bilikebia, 

CarRveuli Robeebia, sicocxleCamkvdari garemoa, romelSic majiscemasa- 

viT gaismis jariskacis nabijebis xma: `nabijebis xma hgavda im sust 

majiscemas, romliTac momakvdav adamians sicocxlis niSan-wyals atyoben 

xolme"; `jariskacs undoda male gascloda iqaurobas, gascloda Semza- 

rav dumils, sicarieles, kacobriobas, nabijs moumata, TiTqmis garboda". 

a. sulakauris moTxrobis gmirebi is axalgazrdebi arian, romelTac 

omi gamoiares da amiT gaisigrZeganes àdamis Zis sulisa da gonebis ga- 

- 70 -

naxlebis gza"; es aris jojoxeTuri gansacdelis, sikvdilTan ziarebis 

da Semdeg mkvdreTiT aRdgomis gza. swored, personaJebis cxovrebis 

aseTi vnebaTaRelva gansazRvravs kidec moTxrobis Tematikis aqtua- 

lobas. 

mkiTxvelSi tkivilian TanagrZnobas aRZravs suraTi, roca jariskaci 

saganebod amorCeul borcvze saflavs uTxris sayvareli qalis usulo 

gvams. moTxrobis pirvelive striqonebidanve cxadi xdeba, Tu ra sasowar- 

kveTa dauflebiaT adamianebs. jariskacma `mzera ratomRac gatitvlebul 

borcvze SeaCera. àlbaT, im borcvidan zRva xelisguliviT moCans" - gai- 

fiqra man da mere sakuTar fiqrs fiqriTve upasuxa: `Tumca sul erTi ar 

aris, moCans Tu ara?!". sxva dros, albaT, jariskaci borcvze daufiq- 

reblad airbenda da zRvis cqeriT Tvals daatkbobda, magram axla, roca 

omia, roca adamianebi erTmaneTs xocaven, roca erTaderTi sazrunavi si- 

cocxlis SenarCunebaa, igi WoWmanobs, silamazis SegrZnobisaTvis aRar 

scalia, magram mainc inarCunebs swrafvas amaRlebulisadmi, mSvenierisad- 

mi. es, albaT, is grZnobaa, rac adamians cxovelisagan gamoarCevs. amisaT- 

vis sababs eZebs jariskaci: `ra moxdeba, iq rom davmarxo?" aba! miwa er- 

Tnairia aqac da iqac, magram am omianobaSi is ver miscems Tavs uflebas, 

rom tyuilubralod avides borcvze da zRvas ucqiros. qalis damarxva 

ki ukve sapatio mizezia. es aris da es: `jariskaci pirvelad xedavda am 

Semzarav suraTs, pirvelad aRiqvamda zRvas, rogorc uzarmazar sasafla- 

os, sadac ar iyo arc xis jvrebi, arc samaris qvebi da arc obeliskebi. 

zRva TiTqos adamianebs iparavda da Tavis wiaRSi malavda, maTi ar- 

sebobis araviTar niSanwyals ar tovebda, TiTqos iyo da ara iyo ra". 

sicocxles azri ekargeba, Tuki mas didi mizani ar gaaCnia. adamiani 

yovelTvis sinaTlisaken, ganTiadisken iswrafvis. ganTiadi ki erTgvari 

simboloa omis, ngrevis da sikvdilis damarcxebisa. igi jer kidev winaa, 

momavalSia - aseTia paTosi moTxrobisa: 

`netavi ganTiadamde macocxla, - xmamaRla inatra jariskacma. `ganTia- 

damde" - fiqrSi Tqva zemdegma. mas unda ganTiadamde icocxlos ... saoca- 

ri kacia, saqme is aris, ar mokvde, Torem mniSvneloba ar aqvs rodis mok- 

vdebi, ganTiadamde Tu SuaRamiT". jariskaci Zlieri pirovnebaa, amitomac 

- 71 -

sicocxleze fiqriT protests ucxadebs sikvdils: `me ar minda, ZilSi 

movkvde... sikvdilis win minda vifiqro. 

- mainc raze ginda ifiqro? 

- sicocxleze". 

sapirispirod, zemdegisaTvis mTavari Tavisi tyavis gadarCenaa, si- 

cocxlis mSvenierebaze fiqris arc dro aqvs da arc niWi moucia RmerTs: 

`ra azri aqvs brZolas, roca mteri namdvilad gjabnis? 

- isini ver gaimarjveben - pasuxobs jariskaci. 

- Cven? 

- Cven aucileblad! 

- rodis? 

- me ar vici rodis, magram Cven aucileblad gavimarjvebT". 

momakvdav jariskacs sicocxlis bolo wuTebSic optimizmi ar 

tovebs. misTvis ara aqvs mniSvneloba, igi iqneba Tu ara piradad ga- 

marjvebis monawile, mTavaria rom saqme, romlisTvisac igi ibrZvis, gai- 

marjvebs. aq is viTarebaa, romelic erT xalxur leqsSi SesaniSnavad 

aris gadmocemuli; 

`- wagigiaT omi, givargil! 

- wavageT omi, dedofalo! 

- maS, ra azri hqonda brZolas, givargil?! 

- brZolas yovelTvis aqvs azri, dedofalo!". 

marTlac, saocari suliskveTebis personaJi dagvixata mweralma 

jariskacis saxiT. mas jiutad, ganTiadisas unda sikvdili da sikvdilis 

win sicocxleze fiqrobs. igi im ganTiads elodeba, roca aTasjer 

dabadebuli samyaro isev Tavidan daibadeba, kvlav gaCndeba imedi, sinaT- 

le, siTbo. jariskacis amgvarma aRsasrulma SeZra zemdegis uxeSi suli. 

`gaocebuli usmenda zemdegi, man raRac uxilavi ixila. gaugonari ga- 

igona, Cauwvdomels Cawvda". vrwmundebiT, rom ukvalod araferi ikargeba. 

erTi adamianis sikvdilma meores daanaxa, risTvis Rirs sicocxle, rom 

umizno cxovrebas azri ara aqvs, rom Tu ki miwaze dadixar, unda icode 

kidec, Seni uzenaesi movaleoba: emsaxuro sikeTes, siyvaruls, gagaCndes 

axlis Ziebis wyurvili da Tundac SurisZieba. jariskacis sikvdilma zem- 

degs aTqmevina: `me viZieb Surs Riad darCenili saflavebisaTvis". ese igi, 

- 72 -

is mxolod sakuTari TavisaTvis aRar icocxlebs, masSi am wuTidan ori 

sicocxle gansaxierdeba - misi da jariskacisa, romelmac Tavisi sikvdi- 

liT azri daubruna sxvis sicocxles. es ki imas niSnavs, rom erTi kargi 

ram moxda im saSinelebis fonze, romelsac omi hqvia. zemdegs Tvali 

aexila. is mixvda, ratom undoda jariskacs ganTiadisas sikvdili da ra- 

tom mReroda momakvdavi jariskaci sikvdilis win Tavis `gulis simRe- 

ras". 

sasikvdilod daWrili jariskacis ukanaskneli simRera Tavzardamcem 

STabeWdilebas axdens zemdegze: `jariskaci mReroda Riad darCenil saf- 

lavebze. gardacvlil qalze, romlis sasikvdilo sareceli haerSi gaw- 

vdili ori mklavi iyo - igi mReroda zRvaze, romelic adamianebs iparav- 

da... igi SurisZiebaze mReroda...zemdegi mixvda, rom jariskaci am simReras 

axla Txzavda, grZnobda da rom es simRera mas avsebda". simReriT wasu- 

li jariskaci imarjvebs sikvdilze da misi naTeli suli sxvasac 

asxivosnebs. cxovrebaSi Zlieri sulis mqonem unda gaimarjvos mdabali 

instiqtebis gamovlenaze, Suqma unda gafantos sibnele, sikeTis zeimi 

gardauvalia. amitomacaa, rom adre gulcivi zemdegi, axla Tvalze crem- 

lmoreuli, amRrveuli mzeriT dahyurebs jariskacs, romelic mokvda, mag- 

ram datova didi, naTeli azri da didi mizani cxovrebisa. zemdegs ar es- 

mis jariskacis simReris mniSvneloba, magram mainc imeorebs mas, radgan 

grZnobs, rom mxolod jariskaculi valis moxdaSia axla misi gadarCeni- 

li sicocxlis azri. ganTiadi gardauvalia, adamiani ar aris gaCenili 

imisaTvis, rom movides bneleTidan da dabrundes bneleTSi; saWiro iyo 

jariskacis sikvdili, saWiro iyo zemdegi uSualod daswreboda mis sik- 

vdils, enaxa igi iseTi, rogoric arasodes ar unaxavs, rom masSi garda- 

texa dawyebuliyo, misi meryeoba gamqraliyo. 

moTxrobis gmirebi - jariskaci da qaliSvili siyvaruls 

mowyurebuli axalgazrda qal-vaJia. isini eZeben, pouloben erTmaneTs, 

magram dapirispireba, ganxeTqileba gardauvalia: èrTi SexedviT Tqven 

yvelani hgavxarT erTmaneTs", - sinanuliT etyvis qali jariskacs sikvdi- 

lis win. igi motyuvda, sabediswero Secdoma Caidina: zemdegi ukanmobru- 

nebuli jariskaci egona. male mixvda, rom Secda, magram ukve gvian iyo. 

imasac male mixvda, raSic gulwrfelad gamoutyda jariskacs: `Sen SegeZ- 

- 73 -

lo Cemi siyvaruli, mas - ara". omma daaSora Seyvarebulebi, magram erTma- 

neTs Seaxvedra siyvarulSi moqiSpe ori mamakaci - jariskaci da zemdegi. 

jariskaci zemdegs aRiqvams, rogorc saZulvel `mesames". asec unda yofi- 

liyo, magram garemoebaTa gamo àngariSissworebis dro ar aris~. wyvil- 

Ta urTierTobaSi `mesames" Seaqvs konfliqti, wesrigs cvlis qaosi, idi- 

lias - drama, simSvides - mSfoTvareba. irRveva adamianTa urTierTobaSi 

arsebuli harmonia, imitom, rom adiulteris anu `mesamis" gamoCenis Sem- 

deg erT-erTs rCeba pativayrilobis, RirsebaSelaxulis, Seuracxyofilis 

grZnoba. 

omis Tema xSirad Tavad karnaxobda mwerlebs Txrobis eqspesiul 

mdinarebas, Tumca am Temaze werisas mravali mwerali ver acda garkveul 

Stamps, ideologiuri zewoliT ganpirobebul yalbi heroikiT azrovnebas. 

swored, amas auara gverdi a. sulakaurma da gabeduli novatoruli mig- 

nebiT Seqmna sruliad axali saxe pirovnebisa da meomrisa. moTxrobaSi 

gmiris sikvdili mkiTxvelSi ar badebs sasowarkveTilebis SegrZnebas, 

mwerali ar gvaZrwunebs naturalisturi aRweris mkacri simarTliT, ara- 

med aRZravs amaRlebulis, siamayis, sikvdilis damarcxebis gancdas. 

jariskacs mTeli arsebiT aqvs Segnebuli, rom qveynad yvelaferi warmava- 

lia, sikvdili gardauvalia. aq, am SemTxvevaSi, mTavaria ara `ra", aramed 

`rogor" - jariskacma icis, rom mokvdeba da mxolod is afiqrebs, Tu ro- 

gor moxdeba es. mas SeiZleba iTqvas `daumarcxeblad sikvdili" unda. 

-`ras gaCumebulxar? - hkiTxa zemdegma SiSnarevi xmiT. 

- vkvdebi! 

sityva qaris frTebma aitaces da, rogorc balRma wylis zedapirze 

brtyeli qva, ise gaasriala talRebze... 

jariskaci gaunZrevlad iwva. araferze aRar fiqrobda. ara imitom, 

rom safiqrali Semoleoda, ara, fiqri ar SeeZlo... 

- deda, movdivar, - Tqva CurCuliT jariskacma. 

rodesac igi Sinidan gadioda `mivdivaro" - dedas gaagonebda. deda 

SeekiTxeboda: `Svilo, rodis dabrundebio?", Svili upasuxebda - `male". 

axla aravin SehkiTxvia da arc mas upasuxia, rodis dabrundeboda. wavida 

Cumad, udrtvinvelad. wavida ise, TiTqos male dabrundeboda". aravin 

icis, sikvdilis win ra warmoisaxa mis gonebaSi. iqneb dainaxa ga- 

- 74 -

zafxuli, romelic amwvanebda nazamTral zvrebsa da yanebs, gzadagza 

TeTrad afeTqebda nuSis kvirtebs, aRviZebda mcenareebs Walebsa Tu mTis 

ferdobebze. 

literaturSi gmiris sikvdilis mravali scenaa aRwerili. gavixsenoT 

rogor kvdeboda Tavadi andrei (lev tolstoi), rogor iRupeboda engur- 

Tan SeWidebuli TaraS emxvari (konstantine gamsaxurdia), rogor mokvda 

daTa TuTaSxia (Wabua amirejibi). `tragikuli gansacdeli udidesi da 

utyuari sasinjia pirovnebis avkargianobisa - werda g. qiqoZe - misi 

simxdalisa da sulmokleobisa, an misi gmirobis da suldidobisa; dezde- 

mona angelozisebr sinazes qmrisadmi da siyvarulis ganuzomlobas maSin 

iCens, roca saSineli katastrofa moaxloebulia. istoriul pirebs So- 

ris robespierma, dantonma da napoleonma udidesi mxareebi TavianTi 

bunebisa tragikul katastrofaSi gamoaaSkaraves da amiT maTi mra- 

valmxrivi naklulovanebani daCrdilul iyo" (qiqoZe 1965: 494) 

Tavad andrei balkonskis, sasikvdilo Wrilobis miRebis Semdeg, uec- 

rad uCndeba sicocxlis saocari wyurvili (tolsto 1962). mis arsebas 

ipyrobs jer manamde ganucdeli gancda sicocxlis siyvarulisa. TiTqos 

pirvelad xedavs mwvane xasxasa balaxs, miwas, romelzedac daWrili wevs. 

mSvenieria mindori da is kvamlic ki, afeTqebulma yumbaram rom datova: - 

`me ar SemiZlia, me ar minda sikvdili" - ambobs Tavadi andrei. mas es gan- 

cda ar tovebs da cdilobs rogorme gaerkves am grZnobis mozRvavebaSi - 

ratom gauWirda ase Zalian sicocxlesTan ganSoreba. ufro mogvianebiT 

Tavadi balkonskisaTvis naTeli gaxdeba, Tu ratom uWirda sicocxles- 

Tan ganSoreba; masSi iRviZebs qristianuli siyvaruli mtris mimarT, ro- 

gorc mas misi da maria aswavlida da romlis arsic misTvis manamde 

gaugebari iyo. es jerac ucnobi grZnoba mtris siyvarulisa Tavadis ar- 

sebaSi pirvelad maSin gacnobierda, roca TviTon sasikvdilod daWrili 

dainaxavs gasisxlianebul kuragins, akvnesebulsa da momkvdavs. 

ài, ra mrCeboda me cxovrebaSi daujerebeli, albaT, amitomac ar min- 

doda sikvdili", - aTqmevinebs lev tolstoi mis gmirs (tolstio 1962: 

276). Tavadi andreis xasiaTSi am axali gancdis aRmoCenis Semdeg, ver 

vimsjelebT imaze, Tu rogor moiqceoda igi cocxali rom gadarCeni- 

liyo, radgan mitevebis saidumlo, TanagrZnoba, mowinaaRmdegis Secodeba 

- 75 -

da Tundac siyvaruli mtrisadmi - es grZnobebi, am SemTxvevaSi, gmiris 

sulSi iRviZebs maSin, roca sikvdili ukve karsaa momdgari. 

analitikuri msjelobiTaa mowodebuli sxvisi, mtris sicocxlis 

xelyofis motivi a. sulakauris am moTxrobaSic. jariskacis fiqri, 

romelSic mtrisadmi damokidebulebaa gamJRavnebuli, imdroindel 

qarTul literaturaSi arsebuli Tematikis axleburi gaazrebis 

mcdelobaa: 

`marTlac ra ginda am kacisagan? - gauelva jariskacs fiqrma. rogor 

SeiZleba mokla kaci, romelic SensaviT ar fiqrobs, SensaviT ar azrov- 

nebs, romelsac sxvanairad esmis cxovreba? mere ra rom Sen iaraRi gaqvs 

xelSi, Zala gvaqvs da is Senze sustia... Tu Sen marTali xar, daarwmune, 

daajere, rom marTali xar. simarTles advilad grZnoben, xvdebian, mas 

ar unda iaraRi... arc maTraxi...~ 

momakvdavis arsebaSi mimdinareobs brZola siZulvilsa da siyvaruls 

Soris. mtris ganadgurebis survili, SurisZieba, icvleba monaniebis 

grZnobiT da, garkveuli situaciis gamo, mtris siyvarulis gancdiT. ra 

Tqma unda, arCil sulakauris jariskacs amoZravebs qristianuli morali 

da mimteveblobis didi niWi. man zemdegs namdvili `gogoTuroba~ (vaJa- 

fSavela) gauwia. gavixsenoT striqonebi a. sulakauris leqsidan, sadac 

aludas monaTesave lirikuli gmiri gvimxels sakuTar damokidebulebas 

mtrisadmi: 

`SeSfoTebuli Zveli sizmrebiT 

mTaSi gavrbodi bilik da bilik, 

rogorc karavi rame cisferi, 

sadRac meloda Rrubeli Tbili, 

ukan momdevda mucalis landi 

da momZaxoda: - momkali barem! 

magram RrublebSi me aRar vCandi 

da aRar Canda samSoblo mxare. 

aravis vumxel, mucalis tyvia 

gulSi mWirs, guliT damaqvs ra xani 

da wylulSi vitev oxvras da Rvias 

da merme, rogorc yvavils davxari. 

- 76 -

aw mteri Cemi Zma aris Cemi 

da yovel Rames sizmrad mewveva, 

modgeba Rrublis da nislis feri 

da iaraze cremlad mecema~. 

(`mTani maRalni~). 

omi aiZulebs adamianebs kaciskvlasa da sisxlis Rvras, amitomac 

danaSaulis grZnoba mTeli cxovreba ar tovebs moazrovne pirovnebas da 

uSfoTebs sicocxles. Aasea es g. fanjikiZis moTxrobaSi `reqviemi~ 

(fanjikiZe 2003). mTavri gmiri Tornike Secbunebuli dascqeris mkerdze 

mibneul ordenebs da SviliSvilis SekiTxvaze - `babu, ramdeni kaci gyavs 

mokluli?~ - pasuxs ver cems. SviliSvilis miamituri SekiTxva wamoSlis 

moxucis mtkivneul asociaciebs, koSmarul fiqrebs, abrunebs im 

warsulTan, romlis mowme da mxilveli axla mxolod TviTonaa. 

a. sulakauris jariskaci alal-marTali pirovnebaa. ar SeuZlia 

mtroba, SurisZieba, amitomac xazgasmulad SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom 

axalgazrda kacis fsiqikaSi sikvdilis SiSic ki ver afermkrTalebs mis 

maRal sulierebas. Tu Rrmad CaveZiebiT jariskacis zemoTqmul sityvebis 

azrs, aSkara gaxdeba, rom mwerlis msoflmxedvelobis amosavalia SiSi 

iseTi sikvdilisa, romelic gaigivebulia ukvalod gaqrobasTan da arar- 

sebobasTan; romlisakenac abrunebs sikvdili adamians - aris RmerTi - 

naTlis, ganTiadis saxiT gamoxatuli. amitomac elodeba momakvdavi 

jariskaci ganTiadis dadgomas. moaruli Tezis mixedviT, ùfrosebs 

mxolod erT mxareze SeuZliaT omi moigon, magram jariskacebi orive 

mxareze ageben mas" da, marTlac, omSi gamarjvebulebi ar arseboben, rad- 

gan oms sazogadod moaqvs ngreva, SimSili, sikvdili, qaosi da ga- 

ucxoveba. 

`talRebi napirisken miiswrafian" - es aris moTxroba, romelSic aR- 

werilia sami adamianis bedi sisxlismRvreli omis fonze. nawarmoebi sa- 

interesoa imdenad, ramdenadac masSi adamianis sulis Seucnobeli 

samyaros wvdomis cdaa mocemuli maSin, rodesac milionobiT adamiani 

ixoceba, calkeuli pirovnebebis gancdebi aravis ainteresebs. mweralma 

ki, swored, aseTi situaciiT gamowveuli fsiqologiuri niuansebis 

daxatva da warmoCena daisaxa miznad. 

- 77 -

a. sulakaurma aseTive didi ostatobiT gviCvena mtkvarze gaSenebuli 

qalaqis erT ubanSi, CuRureTSi omis dramatuli Semosvla. dagvixata pa- 

tara gias (`biWi da ZaRli"); lukas (`luka") nanasa da levanis (`mtre- 

debi") ozosa da maT megobrebis (`TeTri cxeni") mZime cxovreba. isini 

frontis zurgSi darCenili, did saqmes SeWidebuli is gogo-biWebi arian, 

romlebic TavianT moqalaqeobriv vals pirnaTlad ixdian qveynis, 

xalxisa da sakuTari sindisis winaSe. 

`mtredebi" mweralma 1959 wels gamoaqveyna da moTxrobam imTaviTve 

moipova mkiTxvelis didi siyvaruli. a. sulakauris am moTxrobaSi xaz- 

gasmulad igrZnoba mwerlis is saocari lirizmi, romelic mas, rogorc 

poets, swored, poeziidan gadmohyva prozaSi. moTxrobaSi e. w. `zurgis" 

cxovrebaa gacocxlebuli. omisdroindeli Tbilisis yofiT fonze 

momxdari ambiT mwerali gvaziarebs adamianuri ubraloebis, TanagrZnobis 

sikeTisa da sulieri sisufTavis momxiblav silamazes. erTi SexedviT am 

moTxrobaSi gadmocemul ambavSi gansakuTrebuli araferia, magram 

mkiTxvelze igi momnusxvel STabeWdilebas axdens. am rigis ganwyobas 

qmnis n. dumbaZis SesaniSnavi nawarmoebebi - “me, bebia, iliko da 

ilarioni” da “me vxedav mzes” (dumbaZe 1966). maTSi mweralma udidesi 

lirizmiTaA da GhumanizmiT dagvixata mozardTa saxeebi, meore msoflio 

omis qarcecxlian dReebSi sofelSi myofi biWebis - sosoiasa da 

zurikelas ERimiliTA da iumoriT, cremliTA da tragizmiT aRsavse 

cxovreba. “qveynad omi Tua da qveyana iqceva, Sen ra gixaria, Se 

upatrono~, - eubneba ilarioni sosoias da miuxedavad yvelafrisa - 

SimSilisa, siRaribisa, n. dumbaZis gmirebi mainc Seyvarebulebi arian 

bunebaze, samSobloze, cxovroben siyvarulisaTvis da Tavadac irgvliv 

siyvaruls Tesaven. 

kiTxulob a. sulakauris nawarmoebs da giCndeba gancda, rom Senc mis 

personaJebTan erTad xar, saxuravebze, mtredebs sakenks uyri, cas uTval- 

Tvaleb, daWril jariskacebs elaparakebi - `ver warmogidgenia, Tu 

qveyanaze axla omia, Tu ingreva qalaqebi, Tu kvdebian adamianebi" - ase 

fiqroben nana da levani. mwerali kargad icnobs mozardis fsiqologias 

da icis, rom Znelia sikvdilze fiqri, maSin, roca Teqvsmeti wlisa xar 

da gverdiT Seni sayvareli arsebaa, Znelia siZulvilze fiqri, roca 

- 78 -

Seyvarebuli xar da mTeli Seni arseba siyvaruliTaa ganaTebuli. 

moTxrobis gmirebi levani da nana mxolod kviraobiT xvdebian erTma- 

neTs, saxuravze, morigeobis dros. mxolod oTxi kviradRis cxovrebaa aq 

aRwerili, magram am mokle droSi avtorma SeZlo maqsimalurad Caetia 

misi mTavari saTqmeli. `levani daRlili movida samorigeod: `Tvlema mo- 

eria... magram ara, daRlili Tvalebi SeumCneveli SeSfoTebiT SesCerebod- 

nen zecas, ufro metic, am SeSfoTebaSi ucnauri SiSic gamokrTeboda 

xolme. ra Tqma unda, es SiSic SeumCneveli iyo, radgan daRliloba da 

uZiloba SiSsac da SeSfoTebasac erTnairad nTqavda... levans daRlili, 

gamouZinebeli saxe hqonda, aseTi saxe me-10 klasel moswavleebs saerTod 

iSviaTad aqvT xolme, magram maSin sxva dro iyo, levani diliT qarxanaSi 

dadioda saRamoTi – skolaSi. mama da ufrosi Zma omis pirveli dRidan 

gaiwvies jarSi da ojaxi dedis da umcrosi Svilis anabara darCa. 

levans kvira dRe Tavisufali hqonda da saxuravze amoagzavnes cis 

saTvalTvalod. iwva da umzerda cas. ca lurji da kriala iyo, magram 

daRlili, gamouZinebeli Tvalebi SeumCneveli SeSfoTebiT SeCereboda 

zecas. ufro metic, am SeSfoTebaSi ucnauri SiSic gamokrTeboda xolme 

(`mtredebi~). 

`levanma uceb SeniSna, nanas rogor Seecvala saxe. qaliSvilma SiSiT 

axeda cas da smenad daiZaba: 

- vaime gesmis?- waiCurCula man. 

Rrublebidan moismoda TviTmfrinavebis yru guguni. gugunma moicva 

dedamiwisa da Rrublebs Soris darCenili sivrce. am gugunma daaxSo da 

STanTqa yvela xma, romelic manamde moismoda qalaqis quCebSi. nana da 

levani cas Secqerodnen. 

axla mavTulebi awivldnen civad, xolo TviTmfrinavebis guguni 

TandaTan miwyda... guguni ukve aRar ismoda da Cumi dabali Rrublebi 

mZimed awveboda qalaqs (`mtredebi~). 

oms saxe Seucvlia qalaqisaTvis, Tbiliss daukargavs Zveli elferi. 

irgvliv gaWirveba, SiSi, siRaribea, yvelgan puris rigebia. skolis Se- 

nobaSi daWrili jariskacebi CausaxlebiaT. siduxWiris kvali axalgaz- 

rdebis CacmulobaSic igrZnoba. `nanas ruxi, uxeSi maudis kaba ecva da 

Tavze Wreli CiTis naWeri hqonda moxveuli". levans - ` Zmis Zveli Sar- 

- 79 -

val-xalaTi ecva. Zma levanze ufro maRali da ufro tansruli iyo. ami- 

tom levans misi tanisamosi tanze CvariviT ekida da sasacilo iers aZ- 

levda". ZvelmanebSi gamowyobili, uZilobiTa da puris rigebSi dgomiT 

daqanculi axalgazrdebi ar dagideven daRlilobas. gvxiblavs maTi uSu- 

aloba, siwrfele, Sinagani patiosneba, kdemamosileba da sicocxlisadmi 

trfiali. nana da levani, Cveulebrivi axalgazrdebi arian, magram ro- 

gorc ki isini saubars iwyeben, maSinve gamorCeuli axdebian maTi Tanato- 

lebisagan. isini iseT sakiTxebze msjeloben da fiqroben, rac arasodes 

mouvaT azrad maT Tanatolebs, magaliTad, puris gamyidvel vasikos; mag- 

ram, samwuxarod, maT naTel azrebs da miswrafebebs, fiqrebs da ocnebebs 

ar SeuZliaT omis SeCereba, albaT, swored amas gamoxatavs nanas 

sityvebi: `Semodgomis mze ragind Tbili ar iyos, foTolcvenas ver SeaCe- 

rebs". oms Tavisi ulmobeli kanonebi aqvs da am kanonebs umorCilebs 

adamianebis beds, romelsac ukve bedisweris xeli marTavs. omi rom ar 

yofiliyo, nana da levani cis saTvalTvalod saxuravze ver moxvdebod- 

nen. WirSi erTad yofnam isini erTmaneTTan daakavSira; es imitom, rom 

karsmomdgarma ubedurebam da sikvdilma adamianebi da adamianuri sikeTe 

sanTliT saZebari gaxada. 

majiscemasaviT ufeTqavs omiT SeZrwunebul, miCumebul qalaqs jaris- 

kacebis nabijebis xma, romlSic erTdroulad miyuCebuli qalaqis imedi, 

muqara, sicocxlisadmi ltolvac aris Caqsovili: `quCidan mwyobri 

nabijebis xma moisma. levanma miayura mere sarkmelTan mivida da gayuCda. 

erTi, ori, sami... nabijebis xma aq ufro mkafiod moismoda. 

jariskacebi wvimaSi modiodnen, modiodnen TaviT fexebamde gawuwulni. 

wvimis frTa saxeSi scemda maT, Semodgomis civi wvima. jariskacebi mainc 

miabijebdnen mwyobrad, mkacrad. modiodnen saxemoRuSulni 

dausruleblad modiodnen: erTi, ori, sami... 

nabijebis xmaurma aavso mTeli quCa, nabijebis xmam aavso quCis yvela 

kunWuli... dedamiwaze mxolod nabijebis xma ismoda~. 

oms sikvdili da gaCanageba moaqvs. verc Cveni gmirebi gadaurCebian 

omis Sedegebs. `Seni Zma daiRupa - gmirulad", eZaxian saxuravze myof le- 

vans ezoSi moTamaSe mezoblis biWebi: `levans TvalT daubnelda, 

dabarbacda, nanam xeli SeaSvela". `gmirulad", saocaria, bavSvobidan 

- 80 -

iwyeba imis garCeva, Tu raoden mniSvnelovania rogor mokvdebi. ezoSi ki 

saxeawiTlebuli, omobanas TamaSiT aRgznebuli bavSvebi erTmaneTs das- 

devdnen, usafrdebodnen, xis Tofebs umiznebdnen da esrodnen... yoveli 

maTgani, albaT, cdilobda, Tu daiRupeboda, gmirulad daRupuliyo. bav- 

SvebisaTvis omi TamaSia. albaT, gmirobac TamaSia. 

saxuravia nanasaTvis is garemo, sadac Tavs Tavis stiqiaSi grZnobs. 

sxvagan misi grZnobebis gagebas arsad ar cdiloben, bevrs sasacilodac 

ar yofnis axalgazrda gogonas gancdebi. omma TiTqos gaaucxova adamia- 

nebi, SeaCvia sxvisi da sakuTari ubedurebis Sesaxeb saubars. nana si- 

cocxliT savse gogonaa. mas cxovreba unda, misTvis sikvdili ucxo da 

Soreulia. ar unda imis dajereba, rom sicocxle kvamliviT gaqreba da 

mova sikvdili. nana amas ver egueba, uWirs amis Secnoba, magram iZu- 

lebulia TviTonac CaerTos am cxovrebis oromtrialSi. is xom yovel- 

dRe xedavs fanjrebTan momdgar, omSi dasaxiCrebul adamianebs. kvdeba 

levanis Zmac, bolos levanic mihyavT omSi. levani wavida, magram misi 

sikeTisa da kacobis uamravi pativismcemeli jariskaci icavs axla nanas 

moZalade vasikosagan. kritikosi g. xuxaSvili moTxroba `mtredebis” 

Sesaxeb werda: àrCil sulakauri ar erideba cxovrebis Crdilebs. igi 

pirdapiri, ukopromiso mxatvaria da yovelTvis gulaxdili saubris 

momxrea, magram yovelTvis sjera adamianisa, uyvars adamiani. `mtredebis” 

avtori TiTqos Cabnelebuli saxuravebidan amoativtivebs meomari 

qalaqis fonze or axalgazrdas, maTs fiqrebSi Segviyvans da lamazi 

sulis ocnebaTa moziared gvaqcevs. nanasa da levanis gaumxeleli 

siyvaruli, rwmena, Sinaganad uerTdeba mopirdapire Senobis fanjrebidan 

mzirali daWrilebis fiqrebs, mTel qalaqs, omSi gaxveul didsa da 

Zlier qveyanas da am dramatul atmosferoSi nana da levani mtredebiviT 

arian. maTi sulieri cxovreba mtredebis sinatifiT xasiaTdeba da 

vasikos cxoveluri bunebis, undoblobis da sitlanqis kontrastad aris 

mofiqrebuli~ (xuxaSvili: `literaturuli saqarTvelo~, 1964). 

a. sulakaurma omis im saSinel dReebSic dainaxa cxovrebiseuli li- 

rizmi, aRmoaCina mSveniereba adamianuri urTierTobebisa, romelic yvela- 

ze mZime dReebSic ki erTgvari sixalisiTa da jer ganucdelis STabeWdi- 

lebiT avsebs misi gmirebis yoveldRiur yofierebas. omis mkacrma gamoc- 

- 81 -

dam gamoawrTo lukas xasiaTi (`luka"). lukac TbilisSi, mtkvris napirze 

gazrdili biWia. omma Secvala cxovrebis ritmi da adamianebis guneba- 

ganwyobileba. ubanma Zveli sixalise da lazaTi dakarga. is biWebi, ro- 

melTa xumroba da Rrianceli mTeli mtkvris sanapiros iklebda, omSi ga- 

iwvies, quCebi dacarielda, gairinda da irgvliv moulodnelobis gaur- 

kveveli molodiniT gaiJRinTa haeri. òmi daiwyo" - es fraza elvasavTi 

gamokrTeba moTxrobis idiliur eqspoziciaSi da Cven vxedavT, Tu Tanda- 

Tan rogor icvleba adamianTa sulieri yofa, mJRavndeba dafaruli 

instiqtebi. omSi biWebis gacilebisas rubena tiris, Semdeg ki sasikvdi- 

lod imetebs mezobels, romelic camde marTalia. omis ulmoblobaze 

luka pirvelad maSin dafiqrda, roca qarTulis maswavlebelma zaqaria 

inwkirvelma kategoriulad mosTxova, dedaSeni gamocxaddes skolaSio. 

dedamisi ki omis dawyebamde xuTi dRiT adre gaemgzavra ukrainaSi meuR- 

lis sanaxavad da ugzo-ukvlod daikarga: 

`lukas guneba Seecvala, TiTqos pirvelad Seicno, rom deda ugzo-uk- 

vlod dahkargvoda. uceb rogorRac Tavbru daesxa da saxeze oflma ga- 

moJona, moeCvena, TiTqos SimSilisagan guli ereoda". es grZnoba lukas 

bolomde mihyveba da yru tkivilad eqceva. tkivili ki TandaTan mar- 

toobisken ezideba, TiTqos iq ipovebodes salbuni gabzaruli gulisaT- 

vis. 

omiT gamowveuli gaWirveba erTianad moedo qalaqs - adamianTa mTa- 

var problemad TviTgadarCena iqca. dekembris erT susxian dRes, deida 

nato da lukac ewvivnen bazars oriode groSis saSovnelad. ori San- 

dlis, kabisa da zewris gayidvas maTTvis sicocxlis fasi aqvs; magram aq 

àravin arafers yidulobda, yvela raRacas yidda. raRacas ki ara, yvela- 

fers yiddnen: naxmar, daJangul lursmnebs, etlis gatexil borblebs, 

manqanis saburavebs, manqanis saburavebisagan Sekeril fexsacmelebs, cal- 

calke windas, samxedro gimnasturebs, Ceqmebs, qolgis tars, wignebs, 

sajdomsa da muxlisTavebze dakerebul mamakacis nifxvebs, agreTve, qa- 

lebisasac, Zvel suraTebs, CarCoebs, saaTebs, aRvirebs, qvabebs, tomrebs, 

am yvelafers yidden, myidveli ki ar Canda". omma da gaWirvebam adamia- 

nebSi gaamZafra TviTgadarCenis instinqti. am instinqtma, aSkarad, raRac 

cxoveluri gaaRviZa da aRadgina maTSi. `raRac gvWirs, luka da ver gami- 

- 82 -

gia ra?!" - ambobs anduyafari. omi marto sisxlisRvra da ganadgureba ro- 

dia, igi amave dros did sulier gansacdelsac mouvlens adamians. swo- 

red, am mZime gansacdelis dros amJRavneben adamianebi TavianTi sulis 

yvelaze dafarul, zneobrivad damcrobil mxareebs. xSirad saaSkaroze 

gamodis adamianis Sinagani samyaros yvelaze maxinji gamovlineba: poli- 

karpe girkveliZe bRaviliT dastiris deida nucas cxedars, mere ki 

kuboze danTebuli sanTlidan papiross moukidebs; izas mSvenier sxeulSi 

satana Casaxlebula; yvelaze axlobeli naTesavi da TiTqos ojaxis gul- 

Sematkivari mezobeli saxlidan gamogdebas upirebs oblad darCenil lu- 

kas; rubena, romelic mwared mistiris omSi mimaval biWebs, Semdeg sasik- 

vdilod imetebs udanaSaulo adamians; erTi sityviT, undaT Tu ar un- 

daT, droebiT ukeTureba sZlevs adamianebs, imorCilebs maT sulsa da 

gonebas da amgvarad, zneobrioba sneuldeba, es ki imgvari sneulebaa, 

romlis gankurneba mxolod omebis, Zaladobis mospobiT SeiZleba. sike- 

TisTvis mebrZolma raindma, xeibarma anduyafarma es ulmobeli WeSmari- 

teba rom Seicno, sicocxlec daasrula. patara biWi omma daaobla, mis 

garSemo ucxo adamianebi trialeben. omis susxma da gautanlobam mlaSe 

cremlebis gemoc mravaljer agema lukas. man gaiara cxovrebis tkivilia- 

ni gza da am tkivilebidan daiwyo misi cnobieri cxovrebis dasawyisi. 

a. sulakauri omis Temaze Seqmnil erT-erT moTxrobaSi wers: òmi 

omia, magram is, rac ar unda Tqva, mainc cxovrebaa. ufro metic, cxov- 

rebiseuli kanonebi axla gaSiSvlebulia da TvalsaCino". am sityvebSi aS- 

karad irekleba mwerlis koncefcia, romlis mxatvrul dadasturebad 

migvaCnia misi Semoqmedebis didi nawili, romelSic mZafrad gamoikveTa 

avtoris protesti, uaryofiTi damokidebuleba, siZulvili - omisa da qa- 

osis mimarT. 

g) àkrZaluli warsulis~ asaxva 

a. sulakauri cxovrobda da moRvaweobda e. w. `sabWoTa periodSi", 

roca, bibliis eniT rom vTqvaT, Roris win margalitis dayras azri ar 

hqonda. man garkveuli xarki mouxada gabatonebul ideologias, magram 

rogorc WeSmarit mwerals, Tan sdevda Sinagani protestis grZnoba. 

- 83 -

mwerali Tavisi nawarmoebebiT cdilobda win aRsdgomoda misi Tanamed- 

rove yofis sulisSemxuTvel atmosferos. unda iTqvas, rom man gabeda 

Sexeboda maSin oficiozis mier tabudadebul uaxlesi warsulis Temas 

da mamxilebeli paTosiT gamsWvaluli Txzulebebi gamoaqveyna. Aa. 

sulakauris prozaul qmnilebebSi laparakia im Ria Wrilobebze, ro- 

mlebic jer bolSevikurma intervenciam da Semdeg sabWoTa xelisuf- 

lebis mier `Secdomebad monaTlulma" saxelisuflebo politikam 

dautova qarTvel xalxs, mis inteligencias. mwerali mogviTxrobs im 

adamianebis warsulze, romlebmac Tavis Tavze gamoscades bolSevikuri 

represiebis wlebis damTrgunveli simZime. Taobebma araferi ician im mZi- 

me da sulisSemxuTvel yofaze, romelSic qarTveli inteligenciis mowi- 

nave nawils mouxda cxovreba da romelmac bevri maTganis sicocxle ud- 

rood Seiwira. a. sulakaurs, rogorc moqalaqesa da rogorc mwerals, ra 

Tqma unda, mosvenebas ar aZlevda qarTveli erisaTvis es metad mtkivneu- 

li sakiTxi. mis moTxrobebsa da romanebSi didi emociiTa da mxatvruli 

ZaliT aris warmoCenili koleqtivizaciis savalalo Sedegebi (`TeTri 

cxeni"); udanaSaulod dasjil adamianTa gancdebi (àbelis dabruneba"); 

samamulo omis Semdeg ukanonod dapatimrebul da gadasaxlebul yofil 

jariskacTa dramatizmiT aRsavse awmyo (òqros Tevzi"). qarTulma mwer- 

lobam verc 60-ian wlebSi da verc Semdgom periodSi gabeda am 

bolSevikuri politikis am danaSaulebriv qmedebebze pirdapiri, marTali 

sityvis Tqma. mxolod qveteqstebiT datvirTuli saTqmelis gadmocemiT, 

arsebuli wyobilebis winaaRmdeg protestis simbolur-alegoriuli 

asaxviT gamoxatvda eris cnobierebaSi daleqil am did tkivils. a. baqra- 

Ze am drois Sesaxeb wers: `mwerlobas akrZluli aqvs amxilos is unamu- 

soba, intriga, Suri, mtroba, RvarZli, daundobloba, siZulvili, rac 

kompartiis ck-is samdivnosa da politbiuroSi sufevs. es mwerlobis sa- 

laparako ar aris. komunistebma TavianTi saqme Tavad ician da sxvas iq 

xeli ar miuwvdeba. kompartias cvlis politbiuros cxovreba da maTi 

saqmianoba SeuRweveli saidumloebiT aris moculi. erTaderTi, rac SeiZ- 

leba masze sabWoTa moqalaqem icodes, gaxlavT is, rom politbiuro saT- 

noebis, kacTmoyvareobis, siyvarulis sadguria, sadac dRe da Rame, ZilSi 

Tu RviZilSi ssrk-is mosaxleobis keTildReobaze zrunaven, ar Wamen da 

- 84 -

ar svamen, oRond sabWoel adamians ara gauWirdes ra. aba, romel hamlets 

(gamgebels), ufliswuls Tu glexs, miscemen imis uflebas, rom es saeW- 

vod moeCvenos. ar daijeros da WeSmaritebis dadgena moindomos? tyui- 

lis zRvaSi simarTlis marcvlis povna gadawyvitos? cxadia, aravis" (baq- 

raZe 1990: 161). 

a. sulakauris prozaSi daxatuli represirebuli personaJebi Cveu- 

lebrivi moqalaqeebi arian, sxvadasxva wrisa da profesiis warmomadgen- 

lebi - inteligentebi (abeli), studentebi (miriani), fermerebi (ioTami). es 

gmirebi damcirebuli da Seuracxyofilebi arian, radgan saxelmwifoSi 

gamefebuli sastiki diqtaturis da gansxvavebuli azrisaTvis devnis ga- 

mo, ekrZalebaT Tavisufali fiqric ki; ekrZalebaT protestis gamoxatvis 

yovelgvari forma. Selaxulia maTi moqalaqeobrivi uflebebi. sityva àk- 

rZalulia" sazogadoebis yvela fenas Seexo, radgan oficiozisagan 

gansxvavebuli azrovneba akrZaluli iyo. Aam periodis fsiqologiuri 

atmosferos asaxvisadmi yuradReba XX s-is 60-iani wlebis sxva 

axalgazrda prozaikosebmac gamoiCines. a. sulakauris àbelis 

dabrunebis~ garda gamoqveynda r. WeiSvilis `biWikos avadmyofobis 

istoria~, n. dumbaZis `mziani Rame~ da sxva, romelTa meSveobiTac 

gamoxta maSin qarTulma prozam Tavisi damokidebuleba imis mimarT, rac 

qveyanaSi xdeboda. 

1961 wels daibeWda a. sulakauris moTxroba àbelis dabruneba". 

moTxrobis mTavari personaJi abeli Tvrameti wlis gadasaxlebis Semdeg 

ubrundeba mSobliur qalaqs. TbilisSi Camosvlamde ramdenime mata- 

rebeli gamoicvala da ramednime aTasi kilometri gamoiara: àbeli Tvra- 

meti wlis manZilze gadaeCvia aseT moqcevas, ase aSvebulad laparaks, 

albaT, amitom dasWirda ramdenime dRe adamianebTan gasaSinaureblad. 

masSi nel-nela, TiTqos zmorebiT iRviZebda Tandayolili, magram mere 

miviwyebuli grZnobebi; iRviZebdnen Cvevebic, romlebic aqamde akrZaluli 

egona". mwerali Segnebulad aridebs Tavs abelis gadasaxlebaSi gata- 

rebuli wlebis aRweras, Tundac masze miniSnebas. igi umniSvnelo deta- 

lebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT cdilobs gviCvenos gmiris mier gancdi- 

li fizikuri da sulieri tkivilebis simZime da masStaburoba: `rodesac 

abelma ucabedad sakuTar TavSi winaaRdmegobis gawevis unari aRmoaCina, 

- 85 -

jer gaukvirda, merme ki monacrisfro CvarSi yvelasgan dafarulad dama- 

la cremli, rogorc oqrosmaZiebeli ZonZebSi malavs silaSi napovn oq- 

ros marcvals". abeli sulierad gatexili ubrundeba Tavis qveyanas, mas- 

Si adamianuri Rirsebebi Cakles, daamcires. man ar icis raSia damnaSave, 

risTvis daisaja, magram mainc aRiarebs ararsebul danaSauls. abelis 

aRiarebaSi Cadebulia am personaJis sulieri tragizmis mTeli simZime. 

mas dauClunges Tavdacvis instinqti, igi rogorc pirovneba ganadgu- 

rebulia: `Sen kaci aRara xar - Caesmis idumali xma - Sen araferi aRara 

xar. ` - vici, roca gamtexe, maSin vigrZeni, rom aRara var kaci~. maSin da- 

emxo abeli pirqve da aqviTinda. sikvdili inatra da arsad iyo... arc si- 

cocxle iyo... ase egdo damxobili, darbeuli, SeSinebuli". Tvrameti we- 

li golgoTis gziT atara abeli cxovrebam, magram erT dRes uTxres, 

rom udanaSaulo iyo. Tavzari daeca abels, gaSeSebuli idga da xmis amo- 

Rebas ver bedavda. abelis sulieri tragizmi kidev ufro Rrmavdeba, ro- 

ca sakuTar ojaxSi nacnobi nivTebis garda Sinauri aravin daxvda da Ria 

karebSi is nacnobi saxe dalanda, vinc pirvelad uTxra: `Sen damnaSave 

xar, abel!" am kacma da mis ukan mdgomma damsjelma saxelmwifo sistemam, 

waarTva abels yvelaferi, risi warTmevac SeiZleboda. dautova mxolod 

sicocxle, romelic mas ukve aRaraferSi sWirdeba: èCveneboda, TiTqos 

Zveli iarebi daexsna da am iarebidan miviwyebuli da miyuCebuli tkivi- 

lebi sizmareuli adamianebiviT gamodiodnen, sazarlad imanWebodnen da 

igrixebodnen". 

mogvianebiT, mweralma jemal qarCxaZem Tavisi romaniT 

`ganzomileba~, 1937 wlis avbediTi dReebis msxverplTa Tavgadasavals 

kidev erTi ojaxis – didebuliZeebis istoriac miumata: `qalaq 

sanaklioSi erTi saxli idga, romelSic didebuliZeebi cxovrobdnen. 

mama – didebuliZe, iuristi iyo, deda – didebuliZe – eqimi, Svili 

didebuliZe – promeTeosi. cxovrobdnen TavisTvis tkbilad da aravis 

arafers uSavebdnen, magram erT dRes sad iyo da sad ara, iaraRiani 

kacebi movidnen da mama didebuliZe waiyvanes... ramdenime dRis Semdeg 

proletari JorJikac gamoCnda Tavisi jalabiT da iqaurobas daepatrona. 

proletar JorJikas didebuliZeebis saxl-kari moswoneboda da 

revolucia moaxdina~ (qarCxaZe 2008). 

- 86 -

proletar JorJikas saxiT j. qarCxaZem Zalmomreobis uxeSi Zala 

igulisxma; am Zalam, abelis ojaxis msgavsad, mSobliuri saxl-karidan 

gaaZeva deda-Svili didebuliZeebi da erTaderTi xaric. marTali 

aRmoCnda dedis sityvebi, mama Soreul aRmosavleTSi gadaasaxleso. 

bavSvs arafers eubneboda, miTumetes mas ar esmoda sityvebis `mimoweris 

uflebis gareSe~, mniSvneloba (qarCxaZe 2008: 492). reabilitirebuli, su- 

lierad ganadgurebuli, janmrTelobadakarguli abelis saxis CvenebiT ki 

a. sulakaurma saaSkaraoze gamoitana qveyanaSi Cadenili saSineli danaSa- 

uli. am moTxrobaSi avtorma erTi konkretuli pirovnebis tragikuli 

Tavgadasavlis fonze daxata ganzogadebuli suraTi ganadgurebuli 

Taobis mZime socialuri yofisa. moTxrobis dasasruls mwerali ukom- 

promiso braldebas uyenebs Cadenili danaSaulis mesveurebs. igi, ro- 

gorc bralmdebeli, mTavar damnaSaved saxelmwifos miiCnevs. 

abelis tragedia ojaxSi dabrunebis Semdeg ufro mZafrdeba. coli 

gardacvlilia, biWi daRupulia. abeli magidas daemxo. igi ufro ubeduri 

aRmoCnda, vidre aqamde egona. mTavrobis mier `Secdomebad" monaTlulma 

politikam suli mouwamla adamians, cocxal leSad aqcia igi: `merme ig- 

rZno, TiTqos tkivilic daeRala, daeqanca, rogorc xelebi eRleba xol- 

me adamians, anda Tvalebi. tkivilic siyuCesa sTxovda, mosvenebas.~ 

moTxrobaSi aRwerili idumli xma ar SeiZleba iyos erTi pirov- 

nebisa. aq totalizebuli saxelmwifo da misi damsjeli aparati ekama- 

Teba abels. ` - meSinia? me arafris aRar meSinia. gvian mivxvdi: Sen Tvi- 

Ton iyavi mSiSara da mxdali. yovelTvis geSinoda Cemi, amitom damamxe, 

amitom damarbie da gamapartaxe. Sen Cemi fiqrisac ki geSinoda", – ambobs 

igi. sainteresoa Tavad finaluri nawilic moTxrobisa. `Sen, albaT, Sege- 

kiTxebian, rogor geqceodi, abel". mweralma kargad icoda, rom metis 

Tqmis uflebas ar miscemdnen, Tundac 60-70-ian wlebSic. mwerlobas, iseve 

rogorc presas, warsulze saubrisas mxolod cenzuragamotarebuli si- 

marTlis Tqmisa da masze weris ufleba eZleoda. 1937 wels Tavsda- 

texilma ganukiTxaobam moicva sofeli Tu qalaqi, mTeli sazogadoeba. 

adamianebi TiTqos kaciWamiebad iqcnen. gadasaxlebulTa, udanaSaulod 

dasjilTa da ukanonod, gausamarTleblad daxvretilTa ricxvi 

saqarTveloSi imdenad didi iyo, rom es ubedureba TiTqmis yvela ojaxs 

- 87 -

Seexo. gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT mainc qarTvel mwerlebsa da poetebs, 

xelovanebs, saerTod, qarTul inteligencias moeqcnen. 

im mweralTagan mravals, romlnic 60-ian wlebSi gamovidnen, 

ZiriTadad, samwerlo asparezze, mSoblebi sabWoTa wyobilebis mier 

represirebuli hyavda. TviT mwerlis, arCil sulakauris, mamac 

represirebulTa ricxvSi moxvda. dasajes mweral n. dumbaZis mamac da 

gadaasaxles deda. bavSvobaSi miRebulma gancdebma, dedis gareSe 

gatarebuli wlebis tkivilma, oblad darCenam da mere gaucxoebuli 

dedis dabrunebam Tavisi asaxva hpova n. dumbaZis da mgavsi bedis sxva 

mweralTa SemoqmedebaSi. 

sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi damkvidrda daundobloba, Ralati, urTi- 

erTdasmena. sityvam àkrZalulia" damTrgunveli Zala SeiZina, radgan yve- 

laferi akrZaluli iyo. romanSi `ganzomileba~ jemal qarCxaZe erT Tavis 

gmirs aTqmevinebs: ` - komunistebis msoflmxedvelobaSi `saxelmwifo~ da 

`xalxi~ dapirispirebuli cnebebia, rac mmarTvelobaSi Sesabamis asaxvas 

poulobs imiT, rom saxelmwifos Zliereba xalxis gaRatakebis xarjze 

miiRweva. xolo roca xelisufleba sakuTar xalxs esodeni gaafrTebiT 

ebrZvis, maSin daSinebuli da daTrgunuli xalxic Zalauneburad 

damsjeleblad da dasasjeleblad iyofa da yoveli kaci imis SiSiT, rom 

dasasjelTa kategoriaSi ar moxvdes, cdilobs damsjelTa kategoriaSi 

moxvdes.” (qarCxaZe 2008: 182). 

zemoT moyvanilis dasadastureblad SeiZleba usamarTlod represi- 

rebuli didi qarTveli mwerlis m. javaxiSvilis sityvebi movitanoT: ù- 

danaSaulo var Cemi eris winaSe, araviTari brali ar mimiZRvis, magram 

Tu zvarakia saWiro, mzad var saqarTvelos Sevewiro, Tqven SegiZliaT 

fizikurad ganmanadguroT, magram me Cems miwaze iseTi muxa davrge, rom- 

lis fesvebs verasodes amoZirkvavT, ver moereviT" (javaxiSvili 1995: 123). 

politikuri devna, emigracia, gadasaxleba, banakebSi fizikuri tanjva da 

daxvreta - ai, arasruli CamonaTvali yvela im iaraRisa, riTac sabWoTa 

xelisufleba SiSs Tesavda xalxSi. swored, es metad rTuli da sa- 

Wirboroto sakiTxi gaaSuqa a. sulakaurma moTxrobaSi `Zveli ambavi". 

dasmenisa da TvalTvalis SiSma daTrguna niWieri axalgazrdebis erTi 

jgufis didi survili - Sekrebiliyvnen da CaetrebinaT literaturuli 

- 88 -

saRamoebi. moTxrobis mTavari gmirebi beJani da nugzari arsebuli Zal- 

momreobis gamo maT sulSi Casaxlebuli SiSis msxverplni arian. es yov- 

lismomcveli undobloba ukargavs am gmirebs sicocxlis sixarulis gan- 

cdas, erTad yofnis survils, am garemoSi yvelafers uxlavi yuri da 

Tvali xedavs da akontrolebs. aq yvelaferi akrZalulia: ài, ra, CemTan 

ase jguf-jgufad nuRar moxvalT - ambobs beJani. dRes yvelani erTad 

rom daginaxeT, kinaRam guli gamiskda...wuxel gamafrTxiles... movidnen da 

gamafrTxiles... 

- vin iyvnen. 

- ra vici, vin iyvnen. 

- ra gvindao 

- raxan ase undaT, nuRar moxvalT. 

Cven xom arafers vaSavebT?... vikribebiT, vsaubrobT, vmecadineobT, xan- 

daxan Sen kiTxulob leqsebs, an moTxrobebs da gismenT... Cven xo arafers 

vaSavebT? - ise vikiTxe gulubryvilod. merme uceb momeCvena, rom es iyo 

raRac saidumlo serobis msgavsi... es mxolod wuTiT momeCvena, roca kar- 

gad davfiqrdi, cudi veraferi aRmovaCine am mxiarulad da bednierad ga- 

tarebul saRmoebSi" (`Zveli ambavi~). beJanis sulSi dabudebuli SiSi 

mTlianad gadaedeba mis megobar nugzarsac. SiSis gamo nugzari hkargavs 

silamazis gancdis unars. mSvenier guiasTan urTierToba mas stanjvelad 

eqceva. es sasjelia axalgazrda kacisaTvis, radgan SiSi misi xasiaTis 

Tviseba ki ar aris, aramed igi Tavsmoxveulia, ucxo, boroti sawyisidan 

momdinareobs da amitom misi daZleva misTvis TiTqmis SeuZlebelia. Si- 

Sis gamo daTrgunulia nugzaris Tavisufali qmedeba, igi ver endoba gui- 

as. adamianTa Soris Cndeba bzari, ris gamoc dairRva am wyvilis harmoni- 

uli urTierToba: `sigarets sigaretze vabolebdi da uxmod mivyvebodi 

guias. sulelurad amekviata da erTTavad vimeorebdi uazrod: òRond 

ara es! ufalo, rac gindodes, oRond ara es"! mweralma moTxrobaSi am 

mcire detaliT warmoaCina sabWoTa saqarTvelos axalgazrdobaSi CaTesi- 

li da gaRvivebuli SiSis is yovlismomcveli grZnoba, romelic obobas 

qseliviT mosdeboda mTel sazogadoebas da romlis ideologiuri 

ablabuda boWavda pirovnebis Tavisufal azrovnebas da nebelobas: ùceb 

gamielva eWvma da mTeli sxeuli Semiryia, momeCvena: TiTqos isini, beJan- 

- 89 -

Tan rom modiodnen da ekiTxebodnen, studentebi ratom ikribebiano, ra- 

RaciT guiasTan iyvnen dakavSirebuli... me davibeni da sakuTar eWvebsa da 

fiqrebs Tavs veRar varTmevdi. eWvi TandTan mereoda, mCagravda, wuxan- 

del bednierebas mTeli ZaliT awveboda da aZevebda" (`Zveli ambavi~). 

is, rac nugzaris pirovnebaSi xdeba, ar aris ubralo, Cveulebrivi 

Tavdacvis grZnobiT nakarnaxevi. am SemTxvevaSi avtori wina planze wa- 

moswevs adamianis arsebaSi dabudebul yvelaze Zlier instinqts - TviT- 

gadarCenas. aseT situaciaSi eWviT Sepyrobilma gonebam SeiZleba aqcenti 

gaakeTos ararsebul, gamogonil da gamZafrebuli fantaziiT Seqmnil 

faqtze. aqedan gamomdinare SeSinebuli da daeWvebuli adamianis cnobie- 

reba sworad ver aRiqvams sinamdviles. es adamianebi im socialuri gare- 

mos nawilni arian, romelSic Tavad avtors uxdeboda cxovreba, amitomac 

ase kargad icnobs igi maT. aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom a. sulakaurma, misi 

gmirebis msgavsad, ver SeZlo moeZebna ufro mkveTri ferebi im cxov- 

rebiseuli simarTlis palitris warmosaCenad, romelic aCvenebda 

sabWoTa saxelmwifos namdvil saxes; Tumca Semoqmedi romanebSi `TeTri 

cxeni" da òqros Tevzi" ar erideba `marTlis Tqmas", mainc amJRavnebs 

mamxilebel paToss. 

romanSi `TeTri cxeni" moTxrobilia qiziyis erT-erTi soflis - nis- 

lauris mcxovreb samocdaaTi wlis moxuci ioTamis Sesaxeb. am gonier, 

patiosan da mSromel kacs xuTi aTasi cxvari hyolia. ioTami erTi akvia- 

tebuli ideiTac yofila Sepyrobili - jer mSobliuri qiziyi da mere 

mTeli kaxeTi unda gavamdidroo. gamdidrebis saSualebad ki TuSuri 

cxenebis moSeneba miaCnda. swored, aseT adamianebs daupirispirda sabWou- 

ri cxovrebis wesi. ioTami miuRebeli Seiqna soflad koleqtivizaciis 

gamtarebel barnabiSvilisaTvis (igi qiziySi sabWoTa xelisuflebas war- 

moadgenda). man igi xalxis mtrad da kulakad gamoacxada. ioTami cdi- 

lobs am viTarebas win aRudges: 

`kaco, ras memarTlebi, xom ar garTmevT, gaZlevT! SiraqSi rom 

cxvris binebi maqvs, isic Tqveni iyos, mTaTuSeTis binebic TqvenTvis mo- 

mirTmevia! sxva raRa giTxra?! mec TqvenTan miguleT, saqme vici da gamo- 

gadgebiT, wyals gasayolebeli kaci ara var, me da Cemma RmerTma". 

- 90 -

`Cveni wisqvili egre ar fqvavs, ioTam!"- eubneba barnabiSvili. Sen 

wurbela xar da Tavidan unda mogiSoroT. amitom umjobesi iqneba guda- 

nabadi aiyaro da waxvide, aqaurobas gaecalo!~. arc muqara daukliaT 

misTvis. òTam, col-Svili mainc Seibrale"- es iyo barnabiSvilis ukanas- 

kneli gafrTxileba". 

barnabiSvili, rogorc axali qveynis warmomadgeneli, `keTilsindisi- 

erad" asrulebda masze `dakisrebul movaleobas". mas ioTamis xuTi aTasi 

cxvridan ori aTasi aRuricxavs, mTavroba, sulerTia, verafers gamigebs, 

piriqiT, kmayofilic ki damrCebao. sami aTasi ki saqarTvelos farglebs 

gareT gadaurekia da gauyidia, rogorc amboben, didi fuli Caugdia xel- 

Si. barnabiSvili iaraRia sikeTisa da mSromeli adamianis dasasjelad 

revolciuri samSoblos yovlisSemZle xelmZRvaneli aparatis xelSi; 

xolo koleqtivizacia - motivi, riTac SeiZleba Seuracxyo, dasajo, ga- 

Zarcvo, gadaasaxlo mizanswrafuli, niWieri da mSromeli adamianebi. 

bolSevikebisaTvis kaenis gza yvelaze nacadi da misaRebi aRmoCnda, am mi- 

marTulebiT svla ki gansakuTrebiT `warmatebuli da advili". kaenis 

gzis gagrZelebaa barnabiSvilis Semdegi moqmedeba: ioTams nebayof- 

lobiT, sakuTar surviliT undoda Caebarebina wlebis manZilze naloli- 

avebi cxenebi sabWoTa xelisuflebisaTvis. barnabiSvili da mis damqaSebs 

ar surT ioTamis keTili saqmeebis danaxva, isini koleqtivizaciis RviZ- 

li Svilebi arian, xelisuflebam maT gansakuTrebuli `misia~ daakisra - 

gaanadguron kulakoba, rogorc klasi. amitom ar surT cxensaSeni, ro- 

gorc ZRveni ise miiRon. Zaladoba da Zalmomreoba qceula maTTvis 

xalxTan urTierTobis mTavar saSualebad. ègre udierad ratom mela- 

parkebi, barnabiSvilo, CemTan bavSvi xar da ar gekadreba! ra davaSave, 

vis ra balRami vasvi?! megona qveynad sikeTes vTesav-meTqi... xedav, yvela- 

feri xelukRma Semomibrunda?! 

- aseTia mTavrobis gadawyvetileba! 

- Sen xar mTavroba?! - aRelda ioTami, wonasworoba dakarga - Senis- 

Tana Taxsiri kaci ar SeiZleba mTavroba iyos". 

cxensaSens movla undoda da upatronod migdebuli cxenebi gavelur- 

dnen. axla maTi arsebobac ki nervebs uSlis barnabiSvilis da sabas, 

ioTamis vaJs esayvedureba: 

- 91 -

ìqneb cxenebi gagvexedna, qveynis saqmisTvis gamogveyenebina. 

- mec mogexmarebodiT - eubneba saba barnabiSvils. 

- rodis aqeT daiwyeT qveynis saqmeebze fiqri, ha?! 

- jibriT nu melaparakebi, barnabiSvilo, es cxenebi mosavlelad 

Rirs da movuaroT. 

- Wkua maSin unda gqonodaT, roca momravleba da moSeneba daiwyeT, 

axla gvian aris. amodena jogis momvleli vin iqneba?!". 

barnabiSvils aq avtori saxelmwifos piriT alaparakebs, radgan, rac 

qiziySi, erT konkretul mxareSi moxda, maSin mTel qveyanaSi xdeboda. 

revolciuri mTavroba aCanagebda mSromeli fermerebis, e. w. `kulakebis", 

mier xangrZlivi SromiT dagrovil qonebas. am uazro qmedebebis, ufro 

sworad borotebis samagiero male masiuri SimSilobebiTa da siRatakis 

saxiT daatyda mosaxleobas. didi eqspresiiT aqvs daxatuli mwerals 

cxenebis alazanSi daRupvis scena: 

`ketebiTa da fiwlebiT SeiaraRebuli ociode mxedari yiJiniT Sesevia 

tyispira ferdobebs, ioTamis cxenebi daufeTebia da win gaurekavs im 

gziT, romliTac isini mdinareze Cadiodnen wylis dasalevad. WixviniT 

daSvebulan Tavqve, floqvebis TqaraTquri miwas aryevda, mtveri ki casa 

swvdeboda. garkveul manZilze xmauriTa da ketebis qneviT xvdeboda Ca- 

safrebuli xalxi, gzis aqcevis saSualebas ar aZlevda remas, romelic 

niaRvariviT daZruli guguniTa da grialiT mieqaneboda alaznisaken~. na- 

wili cxenebisa mdinarem STanTqa, xolo meore nawili ki azerbaijanSi 

Calisfasad gayida barnabiSvilma. ozos gonebaSi Cndeba uamravi kiTxva, 

romelic mTels romans leitmotivad gasdevs da romlebzec avtori pir- 

dapir pasuxs ar iZleva. is mxolod kiTxvebs svams, faqtebs gvawodebs da 

mkiTxvels safiqralad utovebs: 

`mindoda Cavwvdomodi im adamianebis fiqrebisa da zraxvebis namdvil 

arss. ratom irCeven gasavlelad im gzas, romelic erTi Tvalis gadav- 

lebiTac ki ganwirulad Canda da adamians daRupvas uqadda? es xom ar 

iyo arc riski, arc Tavdadeba, arc gmiroba! risksac da Tavganwirvasac 

maSin aqvs mxolod azri da mniSvneloba, Tu didi da sayovelTao saqmiT 

aris STagonebuli, sikeTiskenaa gamiznuli! erTi ugunuris xelSi ratom 

iyrida Tavs iseTi Zala, romelsac soflis gaCanageba da gapartaxeba Se- 

- 92 -

eZlo? ra Zalebi da dinebebi moqmedebdnen? miwisqveSa Tu miwiszeda? nu- 

Tu barnabiSvilma is cxvarica da is remac imitom gaanadgura, rom Tvi- 

Ton gamdidrebuliyo? gamdidrebis varianti adamianisaTvis ise wvrilma- 

nad, damamcireblad meCveneboda, dajerebac ki ar micdia. am saSineli aq- 

tis miRma sxva raRacis, ufro Zlieris, mamakacuri vnebebis aRmoCenas 

vcdilobdi" (`TeTri cxeni~). 

ozo axalgazrda ymawvilia, misTvis Cvidmeti wlis asakSi auxsneli 

da Seucnobeli rCeba bevri ram, rac mis garSemo xdeba. omi axali dam- 

Tavrebulia, xalxi naxevrad SimSilobs. lamaras (ozos megobris) 

dabadebis dReze ki sufra saWmel-sasmels ver itevs. arc ojaxis morTu- 

lobas etyoba omisa da gaWirvebis kvali. oTaxi iseTi Zvirfasi avejiTa 

da WurWliT aris morTuli, rom stumars Sercxva kidec mis mier motani- 

li ubralo saCuqrisa. ozom icis, rom es kaci didi Tanamdebobis piria, 

magram amdeni qoneba saidan daagrova, es ki ver gaugia. an amdeni Sinagani 

TviTkmayofileba, bRenZioba da sakuTar TavSi darwmunebuloba sad SeiZi- 

na am Cia, burTiviT mrgvalma kacma. aq, ukve qveteqstSi ikiTxeba, rom es 

qoneba patiosani SromiT ver eqneba `komunis kacs~ naSovi, igrZnoba, rom 

am ojaxSi axali cxovrebis wurbelebi Casaxlebulan. ozos ambobs: `mer- 

me mklavze uxeSad wavavle xeli da movqaCe. es iyo da es. SurisZiebis 

grZnobis anafxeki ki davikmayofile, magram es xom ar aanazRaurebda dam- 

cirebas, Seurcxyofas, Selaxul adamianur Rirsebas da amiT gamowveul 

tkivilis gancdas, sulier tramvas. me mgonia, aseTi ram ukvalod ar 

qreba, igi samudamod mniSvnelovan daRs asvams adamianis suls". romanSi 

barnabiSvilis boroteba aulagmavi imitom rCeba, rom mas saxelwifo apa- 

ratSi fexmokidebuli meore naZirala - varlam vardanaSvili umagrebs 

zurgs. Mmale yvelafers farda aexada, varlami ufro sastiki pirovneba 

aRmoCnda, vidre erTi SexedviT Canda: `codvebis gamo mSiSarac iyo da 

daundobelic, TiTqos am SiSis gamo ar indobda Sinaursac da gareul- 

sac". varlam vardanaSvili bolomde xelmZRvanel Tanamdebobazea da vin 

icis kidev ramdeni adamianisa da ojaxis ubedurebaSi udevs wili. `Su- 

risZiebis grZnobis anafxeki" uwoda a. sulakaurma simarTlis aRdegnisaT- 

vis, adamianuri uflebebis SenarCunebisaTvis personaJis gabrZolebas. 

mwerali grZnobda, rom Cumi protestis gamoxatva, alegoriebiT saubari 

- 93 -

sakmarisi ar iyo, magram isic icoda, rom totaluri akrZalvebis qveyana- 

Si mwerals arasodes miscemdnen uflebas xmamaRali protestis gamoxat- 

visas. 

romanSi yovelgvari Selamazebis gareSea naCvenebi daclili soflis 

tipuri suraTi. erT dros ayvavebuli ioTamis sofeli, romlis saZov- 

rebze xuTi aTasi cxvari, cxenebis rema da nasuqi soflis naxiri ireoda, 

dRes daclila da ozos Tvalwin mkvdari midamos suraTi gaSlila. 

xuTiode berikacisa da moxucebuli qalis imedad darCenili sofeli 

suls Rafavda, namosaxlarebze Sambs gadauvlia, kibeebi CarRveula da 

Caxergila. mokled, koleqtvizaciis bolSevikurma eqsperimentma soflad 

ar gaamarTla. gaCanagebulma fermerulma meurneobam sofeli gaaRataka 

da xalxma masiurad iwyo qalaqSi gadasaxleba. es procesi mTeli sabWo- 

Ta qveynis uzarmazar teritoriaze erTnairad mimdinareobda, magram igi 

yvelaze mtkivneulad mainc qarTulma mTis soflebma ganicades. Tavis na- 

warmoebebSi mweralma maRalmxatvruli ostatobiT gamoxata is tkivili, 

romelic soflebis gaCanagebam, ZirZveli ojaxuri kerebis moSlam da 

ganadgurebam gamoiwvia. 

romanSi òqros Tevzi" mirianic im ganukiTxaobis msxverpli xdeba, 

romelic mudam Tan sdevda erTi ideologiiT SeboWil sazogadoebas. am 

sazogadoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo moCvenebiTi keTildReoba, 

siyalbeze damyarebuli xalxTa Zmobis qadageba da plakatebze gamosaxu- 

li bednieri RimiliT xalxis ukmayofilebis miCqmalva. amave dros, tota- 

litarul saxelmwifos yvela kunWulSi igrZnoboda modaraje Tvali. es 

ki, rogorc zemoT iTqva, pirovnebaSi Tesavda SiSis sindroms, erTmaneTis 

mimarT undoblobas. SiSs didi Tvalebi hqonda. amitomac iyo, rom magada- 

nidan dabrunebis Semdeg mirians ar moukiTxavs arc erTi megobari Tu 

amxanagi da arc axlis SeZena ucdia. TiTqos araferi ainteresebda, gande- 

giliviT cxovrobda da uars ambobda yvela amqveyniur siamovnebaze. miri- 

ans arc mSoblebisTvis, arc ZmisTvis ar gaumxelia, risTvis dasajes, an- 

da rogor moixada sasjeli. SekiTxvebze umetesad dumiliT iZleoda pa- 

suxs. `gaWirvebiT, ZlivZlivobiT aTqmevines ramdenime bundovani fraza... 

tyveobidan rogorRac gaqceula, merme frang partizanebTan ubrZolia 

omis damTavrebamde. Semdeg ra moxda? miriani dumda. sasowarkveTili 

- 94 -

eZebda saSvels". aravis ainteresebs misi bedi, gawires, samuSaodac arsad 

miiRes. misi simarTle aravis sWirdeba. miriani, rogorc naxmari nivTi, 

ise moisrola im saxelmwifom, romlis erTgulebisaTvis xuTi Wriloba 

miiRo: `kaci, romelic sxeuliT xuT Wrilobas atarebs, SeuZlebelia ise- 

Tive darCes, rogorc Wrilobebamde iyo. yovel Wrilobas Tavisi patara 

cxovreba aqvs, Tavisi warsuli da momavali. miriani ZilSi borgavda. mas 

xuTi Wrilobis tkivili ki ar awuxebda, awvalebda xuTi warsuli am Wri- 

lobebisa. miriani erTmaneTTan daukavSirebel sityvebs isroda. es 

sityvebi daTosTvis iyo gaugebari da gaurkveveli, Torem isini imave 

cxovrebidan, imave warsulidan iyvnen amosrolilni" (òqros Tevzi~). 

mirianis sulSi, abelis msgavsad, saxelmwifos mZlavrobam daamarcxa 

momavlis rwmena. usamarTlobam, pirovnebisadmi absoluturma indiferen- 

tizmma Cakla masSi brZolis wyurvili. faqti iyo, rom samarTlianobis 

aRdgnisaTvis brZolam am adamianebisaTvis (abeli, miriani, nugzari, 

beJani) azri dakarga. amitomac mirianic, abelic, nugzarica da beJanic 

dumils irCeven. mxolod sakuTar samyaroSi Caketilebi grZnoben Tavs da- 

culad. mirianis moqmedeba SeboWilia. misi Tavmoyvareoba damcirebuli. 

igi martosulia: `me ara maqvs warsuli: uarvyavi! ufro sworad - iZu- 

lebuli gavxdi, uarmeyo. mZime tvirTiT movigde. aRar myavs Zveli nac- 

nobebi, amxanagebi, megobrebi. Tu xandaxan Cems mexsierebaSi raime mogo- 

neba mainc amotivtivda, autanel tkivils mayenebs da vcdilob, maSinve 

moviSoro, samudamod davkargo" - wers miriani Tavis dRiurSi. 

mirianis martosuloba arsebuli realobidan modis. igi im 

gamarjvebiT gamowveuli fsiqozis msxverpli gaxda, romelic sabWoTa 

mTavrobas omis warmatebiT dasrulebis Semdeg daeufla. ganukiTxavad, 

sasamarTloebisa da gamoZiebis gareSe gadasaxlebaSi agzavnidnen aTi 

aTasobiT yofil jariskacs. tyveobidan dabrunebul, daWril-dasaxiC- 

rebul adamianebs ar aZlevdnen ojaxebSi dabrunebis uflebas. ufro me- 

tic, sazogadoebaSi am pirovnebebis mimarT aRvivebdnen undoblobas, da- 

eWvebas, maTi warsulis gamo. romanSi mirianis reabilitacia SemTxveviT 

xdeba, isev rusi meomris meSveobiT gacxaddeba misi gmirobis ambebi... igi 

axalgazrdaa da cdilobs axali cxovreba daiwyos, gaecalos am sulis- 

SemxuTvel garemos. magram ra eSveleba warsuls, im wlebs, romelTa San- 

- 95 -

TiT amowva surs mirians Tavisi cxovrebidan. dakarguli wlebi ki 

mxolod mirianis (abelis, ioTamis) sadardebelia, sxvas TiTqos aravis 

aSfoTebs misi cxovrebis es nawili. 

a. sulakauri ar cdilobs Sealamazos is yofiTi garemo, romelSic 

mis personaJebs uxdebaT cxovreba. mwerlis moTxrobebidan da roma- 

nebidan kargad Cans, rom saxelmwifo zneobrivad imdenad degradi- 

rebulia, rom igi uZluria erTmaneTisagan gaarCios mtyuani da marTali, 

qurdi da patiosani. 

`minda mwerlis saintereso dakvirvebas gavusva xazi - wers akaki 

baqraZe, - erTia is, rom arian adamianebi, romelTac arsebobis formad 

xelovnuri dayrueba_damunjeba mouZebniaT (platoni), meore ki _ is, rom 

sisxlis samarTlis damnaSaves sazogadoebaSi adgili upovia, pativiscema 

daumsaxurebia da patiosani adamianebi dauSinebia. ramdenadac vici, es 

sakiTxi a. sulakauraZemde Cvens literaturaSi ar dasmula. sakiTxis 

dasmis TvalsazrisiT, es misi mwerluri gamarjvebaa (baqraZe 2004: 658). 

mSeneblobis ufrosi `qurdobisaTvis~ samsaxuridan aTavisuflebs 

udanaSaulo daTo naTiSvils (òqros Tevzi"). axalgazrda inJiners Ra- 

miT yaCaRurad daesxnen Tavs, cemes da gondakarguls cementi mopares. 

mSeneblobis ufrosi, romelsac davalebuli hqonda simarTlis dadgena, 

aSkarad ukavSirdeba qurdul samyaros, qeds ixris misi `wesebisa da ka- 

nonebis" winaSe; amitom igi abuCad igdebs daTos simarTles. daTos uk- 

virs, rogor SeiZleba ase usamarTlod daisajos adamiani, imedi aqvs, 

rom gaarkveven, vin aris mtyuani da vin marTali, magram romani ise s- 

ruldeba, rom am simarTlis dadgeniT daTos meti aravin interesdeba, 

xolo sufTa guliTa da sindisiT ganmartoeba, Tavis TavSi Caketva mcire 

nugeSia misTvis, anu arc aris nugeSi. ufro metic, naTiSvili imdenjer 

atares dakiTxvebze, rom sakuTar simarTleSi daaeWves kidec: 

èrTi ram mainc ver amixsnia: ratom meCveneboda xandaxan Cemi Tavi 

damnaSave? xom vicodi araviTari brali ar mimiZRvoda, piriqiT, kinaRam 

momkles. miuxedavad amisa, gulSi mainc gamkenwlavda xolme, TiTqos sad- 

Rac me viyavi damnaSave". daTos megobrebi ganaTlebuli adamianebi arian - 

Jurnalistebi, fizikosebi, literatorebi, eqimebi, magram isinic TavianT 

saTqmels bolomde ver amboben. Jurnalisti gela TiTqos cdilobs dau- 

- 96 -

pirispirdes ukanonobas da ibrZvis samarTlianobisaTvis, magram misi 

brZola imdenad sustia, rom irgvliv gamefebul Zaladobas mcire winaaR- 

mdegobasac ver uwevs. a. sulkauris gmirebs totalitarul saxelmwifo- 

Si arCevanis ufleba ara aqvT, amitomac isini daTrgunulebi da gao- 

rebulebi arian. personaJTa pirovnul samyaros, urTierTdamoki- 

debulebebs da azrovnebis wess lodiviT awevs arsebuli Tu ganvlili 

wlebis simZime. maT cxovrebas gaunyrelad Tan sdevs `magiuri" mniSvne- 

lobis sityva - àkrZalulia". 

swored, amkrZalvelis, cenzoris, Tvalis axvevis mizniT unda avxsnaT 

a. sulakauris SemoqmedebaSi kritikuli azrovnebis gabundovanebis, 

mamxilebeli paTosis erTgvarad SeniRbulad gadmocemis mcdeloba, ar- 

sebuli sinamdvilis mimarT protestis qveteqstebiTa da miniSnebebiT ga- 

moxatvisadmi miswrafeba, rac, sabednierod, misi mxatvrul prozisaTvis 

yovelTvis damaxasiaTebeli ar aris. 

- 97 -

IV Tavi 

arCil sulakauris prozis poetikis zogierTi sakiTxi 

a. sulakauri eZiebda da amkvidrebda qarTul prozaSi gamosaxvis 

axal formebsa da saSualebebs. Mmisi Tanamedrove sxvadasxva Taobis 

mwerlebic cdilobdnen sakuTari literaturuli SesaZleblobebi 

moesinjaT erTdroulad ramdenime JanrSi. erTma nawilma gansaxovnebis 

axal gzad airCia tradiciuli siuJetis daSla da asociaciuri azrov- 

neba, meorem –`cnobierebis nakadi", mesameni TxrobaSi saTqmelis 

simbolur-alegoriul gadmocemas aZlevdnen upiratesobas da a. S. 

aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom a. sulakaurma scada daerRvia prozaSi 

socialisturi realizmis meTodiT nakarnaxebi asaxvis kanonebi, gaeTavi- 

suflebina igi stereotipuli saazrovno formebisagan, uari eTqva 

gavrcelebul savaldebulo Tematikis tradiciul gagebaze. mwerlis 

erT-erTi did damsaxurebad, swored, is unda miviCnioT, rom Tavisi sti- 

luri da saazrovno poziciiT, man sxvebTan erTad, mianiSna CvenSi axali 

prozis Seqmnis aucileblobaze. marTalia, Caketili politikuri sivrce 

xels uSlida literaturaTa urTierTobebs, magram 60-iani wlebis msof- 

lio mwerlobaSi mimdinare axal cvlilebebi a. sulakauris TaobisaTvis 

SeumCneveli ar darCenila. mweralma, Tavis TanamedroveebTan erTad, na- 

warmoebis kompoziciis komponentTa gamravalferovnebisa da asociaciuri 

azrovnebiT aRbeWdili axali stiliT damkvidrebis gza airCia. litera- 

turaSi ki axali xedvisa da stilis Semotanas gansakuTrebuli mniSvne- 

- 98 -

loba aqvs da a. sulakauris prozis Rirsebebi swored literaturaSi ar- 

Ceuli gzis sirTuliT unda ganisazRvros. erovnul literaturaSi aris 

dro, roca msgavsi mcdelobebi aucilebelia, raTa moxdes mwerlobaSi 

axali Temebisa da saxeebis Semotana, trafaretuli CarCoebis rRveva. 

a. sulakauris prozaSi mxatvrul ukufenas poulobs qarTuli xasia- 

Tis mravali gamorCeuli Tviseba. qarTveli kacis saukeTeso sulieri 

miswrafebebisa da moqalaqeobrivi poziciis ukompromisoba, sixaruliTa 

Tu tragizmis aRsavse epoqaluri movlenebis Cveneba - ai, is risi ga- 

moxatvac dausaxavs miznad `wyaldidobis", `lukasa", òqros Tevzis", 

`didTovlobis~, `mtredebis~, `TeTri cxenisa~ da sxv. avtors. misi gmi- 

rebi urbanistuli msoflmxedvelobis matarebeli adamianebi arian. Ees 

samyaro axlobelia a. sulakaurisaTvisac, radgan igi kargad icnobs 

Tavisi personaJebis prototipebs; am garemoSi ufro mZafrad viTardeba 

sulieri koliziebi, igrZnoba drois majiscema, saaSkaraoze gamodis Ta- 

namedrove cxovrebis av-kargi. mwerlis pozicia da movlenebisadmi 

midgoma Tavisi personaJebisagan xSirad gansxvavebulia, obieqturobas 

inarCunebs, TiTqmis, miukerZoebelia; adamianisadmi misi damokidebuleba 

kacobriobis siyvarulzea dafuZnebuli da es siyvaruli misi Semoqme- 

debis erTgvari gasaRebicaa. mwerali amas gulisxmobs, roca wers: `Cven 

gavamdidreT erTmaneTi da gavZarcveT kidec; me axla TqveniT var savse. 

ra gaZarcvuli da gaqurduli viqnebodi, odesRac Tqven rom ar Semxved- 

rodiT... Cemi simdidre xsovnaSi aRbeWdili maxlobel adamianTa Zvirfasi 

saxeebia" (`Zveli ambavi"). 

a. sulakauri Tavisi drois dakvirvebuli moyuradea. Zveli faseu- 

lobebis mtkivneul gadafasebas igi Tavisi moTxrobebisa da romanebis 

erT-erT ZiriTad Temad aqcevs; gviCvenebs mis Tanamedrove moqalaqeTa 

fsiqologiur portretebs da cdilobs Cawvdes cxovrebaSi mimdinare 

cvlilebaTa arss. asea, magaliTad, romanebSi: `luka", `TeTri cxeni", òq- 

ros Tevzi". 

a. sulakauris prozis poetikis Sesaxeb msjelobisas pirvel rigSi 

unda gaviTvaliswinoT avtori, mTxrobeli, romlis saxe nawarmoebis 

stils qmnis. a. sulakauris prozaSi TiTqmis erTgvarovani Txrobaa, 

magram Txrobis stili Sinagani daZabulobis Tu lirikuli elferis 

- 99 -

mixedviT sxvadasxvaa imisdagvarad, Tu vin mogviTxrobs avtori Tu per- 

sonaJi. gvxvdeba e. w. `subieqturi Txrobis" magaliTebic; e. i. roca 

mTxrobeli CarTulia movlenaTa msvlelobaSi da personaJis fiqrebs 

xmamaRla kiTxulobs. am SemTxvevaSi miseul pozicias da Sefasebasac 

SegviZlia mivadevnoT Tvali. magaliTad: `me vijeqi da aravis naxva aRar 

mindoda. meCveneboda, qveyanaze martodmarto davrCi. usiamovono grZnoba 

simartovisa gulze mZimed mawveboda... guia mecodeboda, es patara, lamazi 

da TvalTmaqci gogona. de mdgariyo iq, operis baRTan damlodeboda, xom 

unda mimxvdariyo, bolos da bolis, rom brma lekvebi ara varT. (`Zveli 

ambavi"). aseTnairi Txrobis dros avtori TiTqos gancalkevebiT dgas, 

magram personaJis ganwyobaSi da movlenebisadmi damokidebulebaSi gar- 

kveulwilad miseuli Sefasebebia Caqsovili, miseuli poziciaa 

gamJRavnebuli. aqac a. sulakauri arasodes Ralatobs zomierebis 

grZnobas. am Sualedur xazze dgomas grZnobs mkiTxvelic: ùecrad 

igrZno - saxe gauwiTlda. sadRac Rrmad, sxeulis SigniT sindisis qejnam 

gawkepla. iqve undoda daexSo azri, romelic ase moulodnelad 

misdauneburad daebada... daTos eCveneboda, rom yvelafris mizezi TviTon 

iyo. es Semawuxeblad mtkivneuli azri veRar moiSora. albaT amitomac 

inana, Zmas laparakSi rom ar Sehyva da mxari auba~ (òqros Tevzi~). 

mTxrobeli Tan dahyveba Tavis gmirs da mkiTxvelis Tvalwin TandaTan 

Zerwavs misi xasiaTis Strixebs. magaliTad: 

`mxolod quCaSi igrZno – Rvino mohkideboda. gzaSi inana, sufra rom 

miatova da megobrebs daSorda, ukve aRar axsovda, risTvis iCqara. 

SeiZleba imitom – xval adre unda amdgariyo mSeneblobaze wasasvlelad. 

Tumca ufro gvianac dawolila. saerTod, daTos ar uWirda diliT 

adgoma. nasvamsac da fxizelsac adre eRviZeboda, yovelTvis karg 

gunebaze iRviZebda bavSviviT. 

SesaZloa, daRlilobis gamoc aCqarda, Tumca axla msubuqad 

modioda, sul ar grZnobda daRlas. 

gasaocaria, cota dalia Tu ara sul Sinisaken iqaCeboda. megobrebi 

Zlivs akavebdnen. 

ara, namdvilad daRlili iyo, SfoTiani dRe gaiara~ (oqros Tevzi~). 

- 100 -

mwerlis, mTxrobelis es stiluri Tavisebureba kargad gamoikveTa 

monologsa da dialogSi. 

a. sulakauris stili iTavsebs rogorc personaJTa Sinagan 

monologebs, aseve misTvis niSandoblivia dialoguri metyveleba. 

dialogi, a. sulakauris prozaSi, mxatvruli asaxvis prioritetul 

formad gvevlineba. 

òqros Tevzi", `TeTri cxeni", `luka", `wyaldidoba", `biWi da ZaRli", 

`mtredebi", `Jami dasvenebisa", `didi sefedavle~ da sxva moTxrobebis per- 

sonaJTa sasaubro ena datvirTulia Sinaganad daZabuli, mravalplaniani, 

mravalxmiani dialogebiT. am mxatvruli xerxis meSveobiT vecnobiT 

momaval Tu ukve momxdar faqtebs, Tvals vadevnebT movlenaTa ganviTa- 

rebas. dialogis replikebSi igrZnoba iseTi qveteqstebic, romlebic g- 

vexmarebian personaJis xasiaTis gaxsnaSi. a. sulakauri, rogorc zemoT 

iTqva, xSirad arRvevs realobis CarCoebs da irealur, warmosaxviT 

Seqmnil situaciebSi dialogSi monawile meore mxared cxovelTa 

samyaros warmomadgenlebic gvxvdebian. oqros Tevzis garda mwerali 

Tavis personaJebs adamianis erTgul megobarTan, ZaRlTanac asaubrebs. 

Nnagazi instiqtiT xvdeba yovelives da, rogorc Semdeg davinaxavT, biWs 

sikeTes daufasebs: 

`biWi quCaSi gavarda. nagazi iqve ijda SemkrTali, Tvalebs 

feTianiviT acecebda... 

_ aba, ra giyo, _ uTxra biWma, arsad ar gaCereben... jer es SeWame da 

mere movifiqroT, rogor moviqceT, _ puri Suaze gatexa da naxevari 

ZaRls gadaugdo. 

oriveni madianad Seeqceodnen TavianT ulufas. 

_ isev Sin unda wagiyvano... gareT ver dagtoveb... an daikargebi, an 

vinme dagiWers... aq momicade CanTas Camovitan... xval, ra Tqma unda 

skolidan gaparvisTvis momxvdeba, magram ra vqna, gareT ver dagtoveb. 

biWi da ZaRli isev erTad gaudgnen gzas Sinisaken. 

- dedam miTxra Senze – mwyemsebisa iqnebao. albaT, cxvris faram 

gaiara qalaqSi da mag sawyals gza daebnao... ise, qalaqSi rom ar 

gicxovria, getyoba... dafeTebuli dadixar, Tanac aravin ar gicnobs...~ 

(`biWi da ZaRli~). 

- 101 -

dialogiT ixateba, agreTve, personaJis sulieri samyaro, misi fsiqo- 

logiuri portretic. Ees xdeba maSinac ki, roca saubari Sinaarsidan 

daclilia, kiTxvebi da pasuxebi Sablonuria da arafrismTqmeli: `Turme 

ra sasiamovno, Tan ra advili yofila, ai Tundac ase, ramdenime wuTiT 

SeCerde guSinwin gacnobil adamianTan da isaubro, gindac araferze. 

aseTi saubari anda, ufro zustad, layboba, gurams amSvidebda da 

simxneves matebda~ (`biWi da ZaRli~). 

emociuri elferis mixedviT, gansxvavebulia erTmaneTisagan lukasa 

da anduyafaris (`luka"), zurikosa da daTos, daTosa da gelas (òqros 

Tevzi") dialogebi. maTi metyvelebidan gamosWvivis zogjer sulieri tki- 

vili da martosuloba, zogjer samyaros aRqmisa da cxovrebis Secnobis 

filosofiuri Wvreta: 

`daTo: - gela... ici, ra, gela, xandaxan meCveneba, sakuTari Tavi 

davkarge da veRar vpoulob. 

gela: - ras dakargavdi, rac ar gqonia. 

daTo: - Sen xumrob da marTlac egrea. marTla veZeb Cems Tavs... 

xandaxan vamCnev, rom CemSi raRaca aris Cemze ufro Zlieri da ar 

memorCileba... sxva xazebi aqvs, sxva gzebi...~( òqros Tevzi~). 

`karga xans iwriala da iborga loginSi, etyoba, ramdenime sityvac 

wamocda xmamaRla, radgan anduyafari SeiSmuSna da gamoelaparaka: 

- ra mogivida luka, ratom ar gZinavs? 

- ar vici, ar meZineba, xom ar gagaRviZe? 

- ara, arc meZineba. am bolo dros raRac memarTeba, luka, Sens winaSe 

damnaSavesaviT vgrZnob Tavs. maSin xom gaxsovs, mTvarisaze fiqri rom 

agikrZale? Mmerme me TviTon vfiqrobdi Cum-Cumad. Aaxla ise meCveneba, 

TiTqos Sens samyaroSi SemoviWeri daukiTxavad da raRac wagarTvi. 

Llukam araferi upasuxa, radgan ver gaigo, ras niSnavda `Sens 

samyaroSi SemoviWeri daukiTxavad da raRac wagarTvio~. 

- ase giTxra, ara, sxeuli ToTxmet nawilad merRveva da TiToeuli 

nawili gansxvavebuli tkiviliT mtkivao? 

luka jer ver mixvda, ras ekiTxeboda anduyafari, merme uceb 

mTvarisa gaaxsenda. 

- ki, ase miTxra. 

- 102 -

- es tkivilebi merme mTvares daukavSira - mTvarec ToTxmet nawilad 

irRvevao? 

- ki, egre Tqva, Tumca eg ar maxsovs, Tqva Tu ara. 

- ra saocaria, Sen ici, rom es marTlac aris dakavSirebuli mTvaris 

kleba-matebasTan. mTvare xom zustad ToTxmet dRes andomebs 

damWlevebsa da ToTxmet dRes gavsebas?. 

anduyafari gaCumda. Kkarga xans dumda, TiTqos eloda, ras etyoda luka. 

rogori STabeWdileba moaxdina am naTqvammao. Mmagram Llukas xma ar 

gauRia, radgan Sinaganad ar daujera anduyafars. Mmisma gonebam ver 

gaiazra, adamianis tkivilebi rogor SeiZleba dakavSirebuli yofiliyo 

mTvaresTan~ (`luka~). 

ozosa da ananos dialogi imiTaa mniSvnelovani, rom masSi ikveTeba 

maTi urTierTobebis axali mxareebi: 

` - sxva juris xalxia, Tavisufali gunebisani, Tavis nebaze cxov- 

roben.. Tu rame daiCemes, aTasic rom uTxra, ver gadaaTqmevineb. 

- gana es cudia? - vkiTxe. 

- arc kargia! ozo, amas imitom ki ar geubnebi, Cems naTqvams daujero 

da brmad mihyve... vidre nabijs gadadgam, minda kargad dafiqrde" - miTxra 

ananom~. dialogze dakvirveba saSualebas iZleva gavxsnaT gmiris Sinagani 

samyaro, amovicnoT misi temperamenti, siZneleebis daZlevis unari, SesaZ- 

leblobebi. aseve, deida mariamis da ozos dialogze dakvirveba saSua- 

lebas gvaZlevs ozos pirovnebaSi aRmovaCinoT CvenTvis manamde ucnobi, 

misi xasiaTis dafaruli mxareebi. 

a. sulakauris gmirebi dialogSi cdiloben daicvan TavianTi 

cxovrebiseuli poziciebi sxvadasxva adamianebTan da sxva situaciaSi 

saubrisas. isini konfliqtSi Sedian `sxvis azrTan~, saubroben 

msjeloben, rac maTi individualuri xasiaTebis Strixebis gamokveTas 

uwyobs xels. 

mwerali teqstSi, swored, dialogs akisrebs im funqcias, romelmac 

yovelmxriv unda dagvanaxos personaJi da Cvenc vxedavT lukas, gurams, 

daTos, iulias, lados, gias, zurikos, ozosa da sxvebs xan eWvebiT 

savses, xanac davaSi Cabmulebs, sakuTari Tavis msajulebs, dafiq- 

rebulebsa da arsebuli yofiT guldawyvetilebs. dialogiT personaJebi 

- 103 -

mxolod erTmaneTs rodi elaparakebian, isini, upirveles yovlisa, Cven- 

Tvis, mkiTxvelisTvis saubroben, amitomac dialogs eniWeba funqcia, 

gagvimJRavnos moqmed gmirTa sxvadasxva poziciebis marTebuloba 

zneobrivi TvalsazrisiT, gviCvenos sakuTari azris dacvis unari, sxvis 

azrTan dapirispirebasa da WidilSi: 

`- gamarjobaT! - miesalma ucnobi, pasuxs ar daeloda, Tavi gaacno. 

- me niko korinTeli var! 

- ra gnebavT? 

- me pirdapiri kaci var, - Tqva niko korinTelma - saCqarod mWirdeba 

cementi. 

eva. 

- mec pirdapir miyvars laparaki, - miugo daTom, - cementi ara maqvs. 

- ara gaqvT?! 

- ara! 

- dRes xom moitaneT? 

- diax, movitane! 

- oTxi toniT meti! 

- eg momavali Tvisaa. winaswar momces. 

- Tqven raRacaSi ver garkveulxarT, winaswar aravin arafers ar iZl- 

- me movaxerxe". 

dialogi daTos xasiaTis erTgvarad miamiturobaze migvaniSnebs. aqve 

mkiTxveli iRebs axal informacias imis Sesaxeb, rom mSeneblobis ufro- 

si garkveul kavSirSia e. w. `Sav samyarosTan~ da, kerZod, mis warmomadge- 

nelTan - `Sav nikosTan". 

a. sulakaurTan dialogSi, agreTve, xSirad Cans personaJis xasiaTis 

gaxsnisaTvis aucilebeli Strixi da detali: ase magaliTad: 

mosva. 

- `gZinavT, batono aleqsandre? 

- jer ara. 

- arc me meZineba. 

aleqsandre mayaSvili xelmeored daswvda borjomis boTls da wyali 

- Tqven bednieri kaci xarT, batono aleqsandre, janmrTeloba bednie- 

rebaa, me ki avadmyofi var da mkurnalobis nacvlad, ukve mesame zafxuls 

- 104 -

am jurRmulSi vatareb. ratom? albaT susti da unebisyofo kaci var... 

xom ar dageZinaT, batono aleqsandre. 

- ara, - upasuxa naxevrad. 

- CemTvis dRevandel dRes gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs, - ganagrZo 

Sewyvetili saubari filologiur mecnierebaTa kandidatma - Tqven, ro- 

gorc Cans, bevri fuli gaqvT, janmrTeli xarT da arc garegnuli 

momxibvleloba gakliaT... TqvenTvis is qali arafers ar warmoadgens, ro- 

gorc ki datovebT am saxls, aRar gemaxsovrebaT." 

a. sulakaurTan dialogSi gmirisadmi xSirad sxva personaJebis 

damokidebuleba, misdami TanagrZnoba Tu faruli dapirispireba 

mJRavndeba. magaliTad, moxucis ocnebas TanaugrZnoben misi megobrebi 

qvemoTmotanil dialogSi: 

` - es gugutas gaumarjos! 

- gugutas gaumarjos! erTxmad imeoreben berikacebi. 

gabos saxe gaunaTdeba! yvelaferi daaviwydeba amqveynad. amqveynad 

gabosaTvis araferi aRar arsebobs gugutas garda. 

- guguta am Tvis bolos Camodis, - acxadebs gaRimebuli gabo. 

- marTla Camodis? – gaioceben berikacebi, Tan uxariaT. es gaoceba 

da sixaruli imdenad moulodneli ar aris, ramdenadac Zlieria da 

wrfeli. 

- gugutas Camosvlisa iyos. 

- iyos! 

- lamazi da TeTri gugutasi! 

- arc erTs ar unaxavs guguta, magram yvela darwmunebulia, guguta 

TeTri da lamazia. 

gabo imdens icinis, xvela autydeba. saxeze sisxli moawveba, 

gawiTldeba, CabJirdeba. mainc ara cxreba, mainc imeorebs: 

icinis. 

- guguta Camodis, Cemi lamazi, TeTri guguta! – Tan axvelebs, Tan 

mixo simReras wamoiwyebs gugutas pativsacemad. berikacebi ahyvebian. 

bebruli, gabzaruli xmebiT ivseba oTaxi. gabo dawynardeba, kmayofilia 

madlierebiT Sescqeris megobrebs. jibeebze xelebs moifaTurebs. 

cxvirasxocs moZebnis da Tvalebze cremls SeimSralebs~ (`gabo~). A 

- 105 -

dialogis saSualebiT avtori axerxebs aRweros meore personaJis ga- 

regnoba, agreTve, daxatos detalebi im garemosi, romelSic misi gmirebi 

moqmedeben. dialogis am formiT gamoyeneba a. sulakauris mxatvrul sti- 

ls originalursa da daxvewil elfers aZlevs. 

a. sulakauri peizaJis – bunebis suraTebisa da urbanistuli xedebis 

xatvis didebuli ostatia. mwerali peizaJs, bunebis fons, TviTkmari mniS- 

vnelobiT ki ar qmnis, aramed igi moxmobili aqvs personaJTa 

ganwyobilebisa Tu garkveuli situaciis paralelurad, maTi ukeT warmo- 

Cenis mizniT. garemo, bunebaSi mimdinare movlenebi xSirad TanaugrZnoben 

Rrma sulieri dramatizmiT datvirTul gmirebs, amitomac peizaJi kidev 

ufro aZlierebs mkiTxvelis emociuri STabeWdilebas. magaliTad: 

`gamudmebulma sicxeebma qalaqi mosawyeni gaxada, xolo mtverma da buRma 

– sulis SemxuTveli. mas ukvirda, Cinovnikebi rom isev Cveulebrivi 

cxovrebiT cxovrobdnen. mtvriani xvatisagan aravis exuTeboda suli da 

momabezreblad erTferovani, cxeli dReebi aravis hgvrida sevdas... 

axalgazrda moxeles ara marto ukvirda, aRizianebda kidec garemosTan 

maTi Seguebis unari. ufro sworad, yofis morevSi danTqmulebs 

daClungebuli hqondaT adamianuri vnebebi da ise cxovrobdnen, rom Tavis 

garSemo veravisa da verafers grZnobdnen~ (`Rame yabaxze~). 

mTvaris mSvenierebis SegrZnebas qalaqSi daukargavs 

pirvelyofilobis gancda: `saxuravebs iqiT mTvare amoizarda, telegra- 

fis mavTulebSi gaixlarTa. ucnauria, aq mTvare guramisTvisac peizaJis 

nawilia... saxuravidan saxuravebze gadadis yviTeli, didi mTvare, iq ki 

samyaros usasrulobaSi mosrolili, patara da civi sxeuli". 

an kidev, Mmwerali xatavs ara wvimas, aramed misgan gamowveul 

Sedegs, Seqmnil ganwyobilebas: `wvimam cota xniT gadaiRo. quCaSi mtveri 

dawminda da sasiamovno, notio sigrile datova. orpirma qarma es sigri- 

le axla oTaxSi daatriala da gulis amrevi haeri aamoZrava. 

autaneli sicxeebi daiWira, dResac dilidanve cxeloda, vazianis 

mxridan gamudmebiT uberavda xorSaki qari. xalxi gamolayebuli dafar- 

fatebda quCebSi, bedze mouswro wvimam da suli moaTqmevina. ramdenime 

saaTi ganuwyvetliv wvimda". 

- 106 -

wvima da wvimiT dasvelebuli quCebis xati leitmotiviviT gasdevs im 

sevdian ganwyobilebas, romelic TiTqmis sulakauris yvela moTxrobaSi 

igrZnoba. wvimas sulier arsebad aRiqvams igi Tavis poeziaSic: 

`gadauReblad wvims da mivdivar, 

Cemi sagzali mimaqvs dasavliT. 

wvimisTvis xeli Camikidia, 

quCaSi momyavs umcros dasaviT” 

(`Semodgoma~). 

bunebis suraTi zogjer ise moulodnelad Semoaqvs avtors 

TxrobaSi, rom amdagvari lirikuli gadaxvevebi aSkarad poetizirebul 

elfers aZleven ambis mdinarebas. magaliTad: `Cvens win akaciis didi xe 

idga. wvimam yvavilebi daayrevina da xis Ziri TeTrad gadaipenta. yvavi- 

lebTan erTad wvimas akaciis surneli Camohqonda dabla da iqaurobas 

abruebda". 

avtori, xSirad, ara marto gvixatavs garemos suraTs, aramed igi am 

garemoSi momxdari movlenebis uCinari Tanamonawilea da danaxuliT 

gamowveul sakuTar gancdebze gvesaubreba: `ca uamravi mokiafe varskvla- 

viT damCereboda. Zaxilze varskvlavebi TrTodnen da meCveneboda TiTqos 

wkrialebdnen kidec, rogorc uzarmazar WaRze brolis girCebi. xandaxan 

Cems xmas romelime maTgani daedevneboda, caze cecxlis viwro zols da- 

tovebda da ZaxilTan erTad gaqreboda, dainTqmeboda sadRac Zalian 

Sors". a. sulakauris mier aRwerili buneba ar aris zogadi, zedapiruli, 

an e. w. `naturalobiT" aRbeWdili. mas didi romantikosi poetiviT esmis 

ùasakoTa da usuloTa" ena; amitomac mkiTxveli TiTqos mweralTan er- 

Tad dadis da emociurobiT eziareba bunebis mSvenierebas Tu mis 

Wirveulobas. mwerali ase aRwers mosalodneli amindiT gamowveul 

personaJebis gancdebs: 

`dRes diliT gamoidara, merme dacxa. 12 saaTisaTvis ukve haeri ar 

iZroda da sunTqva Wirda. mcire imedsac ar iZleodnen, arc ca da arc 

zRva rom odesme niavi dauberavda. magram mzis CasvlisTvis isev 

moiRrubla da male gawvimda kidec, Tumca am wvimas damsveneblebisaTvis 

maincdamainc didi Sveba ar moutania. axla mziT gaxurebul miwas cxeli 

oxSivari asdioda da isedac notio haers amZimebda~ (`Jami dasvenebisa~). 

- 107 -

mxatvruli ostatobiTaa daxatuli zRvis sanapiros suraTic: `Tixnar 

biliks nel-nela dahyva. xSiri balaxiT dafarul ferdobs, zRvis napirsa 

da zRvas Crdili efina, magram sivrceSi mainc igrZnoboda mze. mze ukve 

amosuli iyo, oRond narinjis xeebiT daburul gorebs aWarbebda (`Jami 

davenebisa~). 

aseTivea SemoRamebis suraTi zRvaze: `mTvare ukve zRvisken wasuliyo. 

feri daekarga. Zala odnav gamocloda da Tavis yviTel sxivebs ise 

uxvad veRar Rvrida, rogorc weRan, oTaxSi; magram zRvis erT monakveTze 

mainc daaeyara oqro, Rame Sig xelebs urevda da abrWyvialebda". 

a. sulakauri ar xatavs `did tiloebs", aramed mokle Canaxatebis 

saxiT gadmogvcems bunebis silamazes. magaliTad: 

`mze ukve Casuliyo da zRvaze iisferi, gamWvirvale, burusi idga 

(`Jami dasvenebisa"). 

`ca maRali iyo, sufTa da gamWvirvale. aseTi maRali mxolod Semod- 

gmois uRrublo caa..." (`mtredebi"). 

`Tendeboda. cas feri Seecvala, gabacebuliyo, Semodgomis daZenZili 

Rrubeli TiTqmis saxuravebze eyara (òqros Tevzi"). 

a. sulakauri metwilad urbanistul garemos aRwers. mas SesaniSnavad 

xelewifeba qalaquri xedebis, erTmaneTze mijrili saxlebis su- 

raTxatebis Seqmna. aq is namdvili didostatia. magaliTad: 

`gaRma moCanda orsarTuliani, kramitiT daxuruli saxli, sadac 

luka cxovrobda moCanda rikulebiani aivnebi, SuSabandebi, xis 

dabrecili kibeebi. aseTi saxlebi mosdgomodnen mtkvris napirs erTi 

xididan meore xidamde. erTsarTulianebi... orsarTulianebi.... 

samsarTulianebi.... erTmaneTs mijrilebi, CaxlarTulebi... zogierTi aivani 

pirdapir mdinareze ekida. kramitian saxuravebs gauqmebuli eklesiis 

gumbaTi dahyurebda zemodan...~ (`luka~). 

Q qalaqur yofis simSvides da idiliurobas xSirad arRveven bunebis 

movlenebi – roca wvima modis, roca Tovlia an kidev wyaldidobaa. 

urbanistuli cxovrebis ritmiT gaRlili personaJisaTvis wvimas 

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba SeuZenia: 

`kafeSi ijda da farTo vitrinidan gascqeroda kokispirul wvimas, 

Tavdapirvelad xalxi ar Cqarobda. piriqiT, SvebiTa da netarebiT 

- 108 -

miabijebdnen trotuarebze. merme wvimam imZlavra da adamianebi sadRac 

SeiyuJnen, miimalnen. monacisfro Rrubeli Camodablda da maRal 

saxuravebs Camoemxo. ukacriel quCebSi gauTaveblad wvimda. Sua zafxuli 

Semodgomis miwuruls daemsgavsa. 

drodadro gaielvebdnen sveli manqanebi da umal Tvals 

miefarebodnen...~ (`xidi~). 

mwerals yuradRebis gareSe ar rCeba arc erTi umniSvnelo detali, 

suraTi, erTi kuTxec ki. amiT qmnis im ganwyobilebas, romelic mTlianad 

esadageba Txrobis originalur tonalobas: `quCaSi axla marto maRali 

Wadrebi idga. Wadrebs aqa-iq moruxo-moyviTalo foTlebi SemorCenoda. 

foToli niavis ubralo rxevazec ki wydeboda da trial-trialiT eS- 

veboda qvafenilze. 

patara skverSi, romelic samsarTuliani sacxovrebeli saxlis yru 

kedels ekvroda, meezovem foTlebis Svavs cecxli waukida. rZisferi 

kvamli quCaSi datrialda, neSos sunma saxuravamdec miaRwia". 

unda aRvniSnoT a. sulakauris prozaSi bunebis suraTis xatvis erTi 

Taviseburebac. Qqalaquri yofisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli garemo, misi 

xedebi, e. w. ucvleli dekoraciebi, xSirad gacocxlebulia bunebasTan 

asociaciuri kavSirebiT, masTan Sedarebis gziT. Ria fanjridan 

mosrolili qaRaldis dafleTili nakuwebis cvena akaciis yvavilebis 

farfatTan aris Sedarebuli; Spalerze mixatul yviTel vardebs 

saidanRac Semofrenili Wia-maia acocdeba; Rameuli qlaqis xedi ki 

gaCaxCaxebul xomalds mohgavs. movitanT magaliTebs TanamimdevrobiT: 

`guramma baraTi daanakuwa da Ria fanjaraSi moisrola. fanjaras 

SiSiT gadaeyuda maSinve: qaRaldis nakuwebi xom aravis gadavayare 

Tavzeo. sabednierod, im dros fanjris qveS aravis gauvlia. Sua quCaSi 

yviTeli nagazi iwva da wina TaTebSi gaCril Zvals gulmodgined xravda. 

quCa TiTqmis gamSraliyo, mxolod CaRrmavebul adgilze etyoboda 

asfalts nawvimaroba. 

dasavleTisken gadaxrili mze iribad gzavnida sxivebs. mze isev 

cxeli da mwveli iyo. 

qaRaldis nafleTebi jer kidev haerSi dafarfatebda da trial- 

trialiT efinebodnen asfalts akaciis yvavilebiviT~ (`xidi~). 

- 109 -

`Spalerze yviTeli vardebi exata. vardis furclebs ratomRac ruxi 

zolebi qonda movlebuli. pawawkintela Wiamaia micocavda. Wiamaiac 

yviTeli iyo, ruxi wertilebiT dawinwkluli, verc ki SeamCnevdi. albaT, 

Ria fanjridan Semofrinda~ (òqros Tevzi~). 

`fanjridan moCanda Rameuli sivrce. varskvlavebiani sivrce oTaxze 

ufro naTeli iyo. Weric ufro naTeli iyo, Werze daborialebda 

miriadobiT varskvlavi rkinis aivanze gasasvlel karidan gaCiraRdnebul 

qalaqs gascqeroda. qalaqi Ramis reidze mdgari gaCaxCaxebul xomalds 

hgavda~ (òqros Tevzi~). 

dasamaxsovrebeli bunebis suraTebi Seqmna mweralma romanSi `TeTri 

cxeni". igi mkiTxvels daatarebs alaznis Walebis zRaprul garemoSi da 

bunebis mSvenierebiT aRtacebuli kacis TvaliT asuraTxatebs am mSvenie- 

rebas: àqedan alaznis veli orjer erTnairi arasodes minaxavs, sul 

sxvadasxvagvarad, nairferad maCvenebda Tu mimJRavnebda Tavs, magram 

yovelTvis erTnair grZnobas badebs da erTsadaimave yiJinas amoglejda 

xolme mkerdidan. - auuh! mZime gulCaTxrobili dRea, kavkasionis mTebi ar 

moCans... Rrublebs kaxeTis miwa Tavidan bolomde daudablebia, mTa da 

bari erTi simaRliT gauTanabrebia. eWvic ki Segepareba, rom am velis 

miRma goliaTi mTebia cad atyorcnili, mTebi, romlebic mzian amindSi 

vardisferi, gamWvirvale burusiT aTrTolebul sivrces, miwas irgvliv 

yvelafers, ararealur, zRaprulsa da sizmareul iers aniWebs, axla es 

yvelaferi dabali da nacrisferia, anu erTferovani, miwa TiTqos cis 

anareklia, mxolod erTgan, Sors, marcxniv alaverdis TeTri taZari an- 

Tia sanTeliviT da mTel sigrZeze aqa-iq, nawyvet-nawyvet alazani Tu gai- 

elvebs xolme" (`TeTri cxeni~). A 

adamiani da buneba - maTi urTierTdamokidebuleba, personaJis sulis 

moZraoba - ramdenad gaiTavisebs igi mis garSemo arsebul mSvenierebas, 

bunebis silamazes, - mwerlis dakvirvebis sagania. Mmisi gmirebi ara 

marto cxovrebis uzenaesi azris maZiebelni arin, yoveldRiuri 

sazrunaviT da safiqraliT gadaRlilni, aramed SeuZliaT dainaxon 

samyaros mSvenierebac, ganicadon misi idumalebis Zala: 

èrTrigad gabawrulebi mivsrialebdiT TovliT daburuli fiWvis 

tyeSi. ca mowmendili iyo da mze gvacxunebda. qaTqaTa Tovli mzeze 

- 110 -

wyinavda da Tvalebs gvtkenda. Cvenken gamorbodnen TovliT 

damZimebuli fiWvebi da sadRac ukan rCebodnen. 

xandaxan gavCerdebodiT da tyis dumils mivayurebdiT. Soriaxlos 

kodala ukakunebda xes da am Tovlian didmyudroebas bzaravda. TovliT 

visresdiT da vigrilebdiT gaxurebul saxes, mere Tvalebs vxuWavdiT da 

mzisken vibrunebdiT pirs gasaTbobad. mere isev mivsrialebdiT xeebisa 

da daxlarWnil totebs Soris.. tyis iqiT mze Cadioda. Tovlze iisferi 

Crdilebi TandaTan izrdeboda, usaSvelod grZeldeboda da erTmaneTs 

exlarTeboda~ (`didTovloba~). 

a. sulakauris Txrobis stilis Taviseburebaa personaJis cxovrebis 

raime detalis, TiTqos umniSvnelo niuansis win wamoweva, masze yurad- 

Rebis gamaxvilebacaa. magaliTad, igi ise aRwers oTaxs, riTac iqmneba 

ferweruli tilosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli suraTi. aq `patara" detali 

`did" saTqmels gvimxels: 

òTaxi carieli momeCvena. erTi dabali taxti idga, aseve dabali, pa- 

tara magida da ori metad moxerxebuli msubuqi savarZeli. magidaze Jur- 

nalebi eyara radiomimRebis gverdiT, fanjarasTan wignebiT gatenili sa- 

mi Tu oTxi Taro ekida". saxlis interieris Tu ZiriTadi samyofeli 

adgilis gacnobiT avtori cdilobs mkiTxveli am saxlSi mcxovrebi ada- 

mianis sulSi Caaxedos. aseTi aRwera, am SemTxvevaSi, personaJis gemov- 

nebis, interesebis da cxovrebis wesis amsaxvelia: 

òTaxSi uamravi Zvirfasi nivTi idga: wiTeli xis servandi, inkustri- 

rebuli, aseve inkustrirebuli vitrina, wiTeli xis dabali, mrgvali ma- 

gida, sofa, tyavis ori savarZeli, kedlebze suraTebi ekida. erTi kedeli 

daTmobili hqonda uzarmazar tilos. vitrinaSi imdeni da iseTi Zvirfasi 

finjnebi gamoefinaT, rom Semrcxva Cemi motanili saCuqrisa". Aaseve, ana- 

nos naambobidan mkiTxvelisaTvis saintereso informaciis momcveli mra- 

vali mxatvruli detalis damowmeba SeiZleba. iseTi ubralo nivTi, 

rogoric saaTia, mniSvnelovani detali xdeba personaJis xasiaTis 

amosacnobad: 

òzo, saaTi ratom ar gvaqvs, Tu ici? ramdeni saaTic viyideT mama- 

Senma daSala da ver aawyo. gugulianic, Cveulebrivi, `girCebiani" - qala- 

qidan Camovidoda, nawil-nawil daSlida da veRar awyobda, Tan imas 

- 111 -

ambobda, - amis awyobas ra undao! sofels giJad rom ar moenaTla, me da 

papaSeni am ambavs ar vamxeldiT". TiTqos saaTis daSlisa awyobis detali 

pirdapir arafers gveubneba ozos mamis xasiaTis Tvisebebze, magram aso- 

ciaciiT ukve aSkarad gamoikveTa personaJis Sinagani bunebisaTvis niSan- 

doblivi axali Strixi - am kacs daSlili saaTis msgavsad ver auwyvia 

Tavis cxovrebac! rogorc vxedavT, gmiris sulieri samyaros gaxsna xdeba 

ara mxolod, fsiqologiuri motivaciiT an aramTavar personaJebTan 

mimarTebaSi, dialogSi motanili replikebiT, aramed im sagnebiTac, ro- 

mlebic mTavar gmirTanaa dakavSirebuli an mis samoqmedo sivrcis 

nawils warmoadgens. aseTi SeiZleba iyos saxli, oTaxi, aveji, samosi, 

da a.S. a. sulakauri gansakuTrebulad SerCeuli detalebiT gvixatavs 

mTavari gmiris Cacmulobasac, mis portrets. gavixsenoT ananos gareg- 

noba: 

ìqve aRmovaCine, rom anano lamazi qalia, eSxiani. lamazica da eSxia- 

nic. Savgvremani, tanadi... saxis nakvTebi swori aqvs da daxvewili, Tma 

xSiri, Savi da mbzinavi, TiTqos Zlivs SesamCnevi muqi silurje rom 

dahkravs xolome. CemTan amden xans arasodes usaubria da metyvelebiTac 

gamaoca. rom ar mcodnoda, verafriT davijerebdi, Tu am qals soflis 

gareT fexi ar hqonda gadgmuli... yovelgvari kilokavis gareSe metyve- 

lebda".. 

a. sulakauri portretis xatvis ostatia. igi yovelTvis yuradRebas 

amaxvilebs iseT arsebiT detalze, romliTac ukeT ixsneba personaJis 

xasiaTi. magaliTad, ase gvixatavs mwerali asoTamwyob kotikos saxes: 

`kotiko, Zia lados geri, asoTmwyobad muSaobda romeliRac stambaSi. 

erTi awowili vinme iyo. axmaxi, mxrebSi moxrili. fexebs ise uSnod 

daaTrevda, TiTqos SemTxveviT sxvisi gamoebaT. avadmyofiviT 

gafiTrebuli saxe qonda, Tanac sul Sewuxebuli dadioda, TiTqos 

gamudmebiT raRac tkioda da tkivils verafriT iyuCebda~ (`wyaldidoba~); 

mwerali ar cdilobs gmiris profilis mxolod fotografiuli su- 

raTis gadmocemas. portretSi aucileblad aris Caqsovili raRac Strixi 

personaJis xasiaTidan, romelic SeiZleba misi ganvlili cxovrebis 

gzazec migvaniSnebdes: 

- 112 -

`platons didi, meloti Tavi hqonda, saxe bunCula, keTilad moRima- 

ri. bolo dros Zalian gasuqda da mesame sarTulze amosvla uZ- 

neldeboda. xarbad ar etaneboda saWmels da es simsuqne albaT wlebisa 

iyo" (òqros Tevzi~). dasamaxsovrebelia Savi nikos portretic: `manqani- 

dan ixedeboda Suaxnis mamakaci, romelsac kupriviT Savi Tma da 

brinjaosferi xmeli saxe hqonda, daxvewili nakvTebi, TiTqos iRimeboda 

kidec da arc iRimeboda. iRimeboda Tvalebs qvemoT". 

an kidev: `magidas ujda wiTuri mamakaci, Tavi ganier mxrebSi hqonda 

Carguli, Tma win gascvenoda da melotis dasamalad kefidan sagangebod 

gadmoevarcxna. ufrosis magidas gverdidan misjdomoda, gamxdari grZel- 

kisera berikaci, romelsac erTTavad tkbili Rimili dasTamaSebda dam- 

Wknar saxeze. igi udidesi mokrZalebiT udebda win xelmosawer qaRal- 

debs" (òqros Tevzi~). rogorc vxedavT,Mmwerali cdilobs profesiidan 

gamomdinare stereotipuli garegnobis aRweriT, mkiTxvels 

personaJisadmi Sesabamisi ganwyobileba Seuqmnas. Aase, magaliTad: 

`kibis TavSi direqtoric gamoCnda, Tan axlda saswavlo nawilis 

gamge – Cia, Savgvremani kaci, romelic rqis uzarmazar saTvales 

atarebda. direqtoric dabali iyo, oRond Zalze msuqani, zamTar-zafxul 

Sublsa da kiserze ofli sdioda da sul cxvirsaxoci eWira xelSi. 

axlac qaTqaTa cxvirsaxoci dasrialebda Sublidan kiserze da mere 

kisridan Sublze~. 

personaJis portretis amgvarad xatva emsaxureba erT Canafiqrs – 

mTxrobelma gmiris garegnobis iseT niuansebs unda miaqcios yuradReba, 

riTac unda gamoxatos misi dadebiTi Tu uaryofiT pozcia. 

gansakuTrebiT es Cans nawarmoebebSi qalTa portretebis xatvis dros. 

magaliTad: 

`Caxveul-CaxuWuWebul kululebze cecxli ekidebodaT. Savad Se- 

Rebil, sazafxulo Silif kabebSi gamowyobilebs pirdapir magidaze 

ewyoT msxvil, qaTqaTa da daWorflil mklavebSoris verdateuli Zu- 

Zuebi" (`TeTri cxeni~). 

aq, xatvisas, ferebi ufro nazi da faqizi xdeba: `megi iseTive susti 

da Txeli iyo, rogorc skolaSi. saxezec argamocvliliyo. patara, lama- 

zi saxe hqonda, Tvalebis momwvano SuqiT ganaTebuli, oRond Tma axla 

- 113 -

sxvanairad daeyenebina, vaJurad SeekriWa da Svenoda, mkerdi... ra suleli 

var, ratom Sevxede axla mkerdze" (`xidi~). 

an kidev, tasos portreti moTxrobidan `wyaldidoba": `mis win mowi- 

fuli, lamazi qaliSvili idga. yelze dacurebuli qera nawnavebi Te- 

Zoebamde swvdeboda, SemkrTali Tvalebi dabla daexara, gafiTrebul 

saxeze tuCebi nakvercxlebiviT uRvioda.~ 

am SemTxvevaSi a. sulakauri sul sxvagvari fermweria, radgan saqme 

lirikuli gmiris saxis warmoCenas exeba: 

`Wadris qveS iulia gamoCnda, axlac tanze viwrod Semotmasnili Savi 

kaba ecva"; ìulias yovelTvis tanze SemokvarTuli Savi kaba ecva. gu- 

lispiri Rrmad hqonda amoWrili da ise Canda, TiTqos moqnili, qaTqaTa 

sxeuli Savi samoselidan dasxltomas lamobda" (`wyaldidoba~). 

`nora Zaldautaneblad laparakobda da aseve uSualod moqmedebda – 

Slida sufras. koxta qali iyo, pirmrgvali, eSxiani. Rimili Tvalebs 

uviwroebda da ufro eSxians xdida, albaT es TviTonac SeniSnuli 

hqonda, sul iRimeboda~ (òqros Tevzi~). 

givis portretSi avtori yuradRebas amaxvilebs iseT yofiT detal- 

ze, rogoricaa Tma. TiTqos am erTi SexedviT Cveulebrivi detaliT avto- 

ri xazs usvams personaJis xasiaTis, misi Sanasamyaros Taviseburebas: 

`wablisfri Tma ise koxtad hqonda davarcxnili, rogorc maSin. gego- 

neboda, rva weli TmisTvis xeli ar uxlia, gamometyvelebac igive - rac 

skolaSi. zviaduri, sakuTar TavSi dajerebuli... oRond odnav dasru- 

lebuliyo, davaJkacebuliyo" (`xidi~). 

a. sulakauris prozaSi xSirad gvxvdebian gmirebi, romelTa portret- 

sac pirdapir ar xatavs avtori, an sulac erTi umniSvnelo StrixiT aR- 

niSnavs maT garegnobas: 

`quCaSi marto midioda patara, Savgremani biWi, mayvlisferi didi Tva- 

lebi hqonda, wyliani da naRvliani" (`biWi da ZaRli~). 

xSirad mkiTxvelisaTvis gasacnobad, avtoriseuli TxrobiT ikveTeba 

mTavari gmiris garegnobis calkeuli Strixebi. aseTnairadaa daxatuli 

mirianis (òqros Tevzi"), makos (`wyaldidoba"), jorjaZis (`luka"), gura- 

mis (`xidi"), barnabiSvilis (`TeTri cxeni") da sxvaTa portretebi. a. su- 

lakauri zogjer TiTqos sruliad `SemTxveviT" Semoyvanil personaJis 

- 114 -

saxes mkveTrad dasamaxsovrebeli feriT an StrixiT gamohyofs sxvaTagan. 

asea, magaliTad, `mwvanefrenCiani" mamakaci moTxrobidan `wyaldidoba"; 

ebraeli biWi (`luka"); megi - moTxrobaSi `xidi". 

mewisqvile antonas saxe, misi garegnoba da Cacmuloba imdenad ainte- 

resebs avtors, ramdenadac igi gvevlineba antipodad mTavari personaJisa 

- meTevze ladosi (`wyaldidoba"). mewisqvile antonas moTxrobaSi aqvs e. 

w. `maprovocirebeli" daniSnuleba. antonas aRviraxsniloba da unamusoba 

aRviZebs lados xasiaTSi miCqmalul, miCumebul grZnobebs. amdenad, misi 

da misi msgavsi gmirebis (mwvanefrenCiani mamakaci, taso, meduqne, mako da 

sxv.) garegnobisa Tu saqcielis gamorCeulad aRwera, maTi grZnobebisa da 

gancdebis gadmocema mTavari gmiris xasiaTis gaxsnis mizniTaa ganpi- 

robebuli 

personaJebis garegnobiT Sepirispireba a. sulakauris sxva 

moTxrobebSic gvxvdeba: 

àm sawolze ki mecnieri wevs, - axali cnoba miawoda dedaberma da 

ratomRac amoioxra, - Tumca rad ginda egeTi mecniereba?! kaci wignebs 

SeuWamia. isea gamxdari, mucelSi landi gadis. es ki sul sxvaa, es 

muxasaviT magaria. TviTonve naxav, rogoricaa. aba karg dasvenebas 

gisurveb, Svilo!~ (`Jami dasvenebisa~). 

a. sulakauris TxrobisaTvis niSandoblivia, agreTve, detalizacia 

moZraobebisa da qcevebisa. maTSi konkretuli pirovnebis xasiaTi kargad 

Cans. magaliTad: `dilaadrian viRac meloti goliaTi moulodnelad ga- 

momecxada, - ginda, Tu ara, mamia varo, - momaxara da sakuTar agarakzec 

dampatiJa, - modi, am kvira dRes Zveleburad SevuberoTo. 

Tavi Sinaurulad eWira, mosvlisTanave sawolze Camomijda, adgoma 

da Cacma ar macala, me mainc wamoviwie da wamovjeqi, is ki SiSvel 

mxrebze xels mityapunebda. bevrs xumrobda da rogorc mogaxseneT, bev- 

rsac icinoda" (`pawawina nigvzis toti~); 

`platoni saxegabadruli Sescicinebda nikos. xolo, roca nikom es 

uTxra, saxe daeZaba, iseTi gamometyveleba miiRo, TiTqos ver gaigo, ras 

eubneboda. nikom xeli Caiqnia, viTom araferi geSvelebao, da usityvod 

aniSna is, rac weRan sityviT uTxra. platoni gavida da maleve 

Semobrunda ukan~ (òqros Tevzi~). 

- 115 -

givis sityvebi moTxrobidan `xidi", axasiaTebs ara erT pirovnebas, 

aramed mis garSemo myofT: 

` - sad viqnebi an ras gavakeTeb... vwer... Tumca vis raSi sWirdeba Seni 

naweri... ar esmiT araferi, idiotebi arian". zemoT moyvanili sityvebi er- 

Ti mcire nawilia givisa da guramis saubridan. masSi gacxadebulia gmi- 

ris daZabuli sulieri mdgomareoba. 

a. sulakaurs, rogorc iTqva, Tavidanve ainteresebda cxovrebis 

siZneleebTan pirvelad SeWidebuli, mozardi Taobis zneobriv-moraluri 

saxe da rogorc davinaxeT sulierad amaRlebuli axalgazrdebic 

dagvixata. Kmwerali dasamaxsovreblad aRwers maT pirveli grZnobebis 

gamomJRavnebasac: 

`levanma nanas mxars xeli moaSora. xels gamohyva gogonas sxeulis 

siTbo, magram es xeli kidev grZnobda nanas sust mxrebsa da mklavs, rom- 

lebsac axlaxan exeboda"; 

`luka axlos miuCoCda maikos, ise axlos, rom mklavze misi mxaris 

Sexeba igrZno. daixara da frTxilad, TiTqos mtvers suls uberavso, 

loyaze akoca. lukam garkveviT dainaxa, CiTis kabis sayelodan rogor 

amocurda siwiTle. es muxTali siwiTle jer yels moekida da mere mTel 

saxes uceb SemoenTo. maikos xma ar amouRia, arc ganZreula, ijda 

gabusunebuli~ (`luka~). 

meTevzis colSi erTma SemTxvevam miZinebuli grZnoba gamoaRviZa: 

`colma Tevzisa da mdinaris suni igrZno. Txeli nestoebi odnav auT- 

rTolda da daebera. es suni meTevzis cols aRizianebda da guls urev- 

da, magram axla xarbad Seiynosa igi... qalis sxeuli uCveulo TrTolvam 

moicva" (`wyaldidoba~). am mcire moculobis detaliT iwyeba iulias su- 

lieri kaTarzisi; iwyeba mis cnobierebaSi miZinebuli Tavmoyvareobis ga- 

moRviZeba. 

a. sulakauris gmirebis moqmedebis asparezi ZiriTadad urbanistuli 

garemoa. aseTi garemo ki `Caketili sivrcis" SegrZnebas badebs (`luka", 

`xidi", `zeviT da qveviT", `gabo", `Jami dasenebisa", `pawawina nigvzis to- 

ti", `didTovloba", òqros Tevzi"). am nawarmoebTa gmirebis sulier dra- 

matizms umravles SemTxvevaSi, maTi pirovnuli cxovreba gansazRvravs. 

eseni xelmocaruli adamianebi arian (givi `xidi"); e. w. `dedikos biWebi" 

- 116 -

(`Jami dasvenebisa"-gurami); gzaabneuli, sakuTar grZnobebSi vergarkveuli 

axalgazrda kacebi (`didTovloba", `xidi"). 

a. sulakauris personaJebis xasiaTSi igrZnoba gaoreba da Sinagani 

daeWveba. isini arakomunikabelurebi, fsiqologiurad gadaRlili adamia- 

nebi arian, martosulni. maTi cxovreba aravis ainteresebs (yovel 

SemTxvevaSi TviTon ase miaCniaT). aseTi adamianebi brals sdeben sxvebs, 

oRondac sakuTari uniaToba gaamarTlon. isini, ara marto pirovnebebze, 

axloblebze, aramed mTel samyaroze arian ganawyenebulebi; gavixsenoT 

mirianis monologi: `Sen ar ginda daTo, rom simarTle giTxra, yovel- 

Tvis ase iyo, sakuTari simarTle gqonda, sakuTari TamaSi da yvelafers 

im Targze sWridi, Tumca amas yovelTvis Seugneblad, gaucnobiereblad 

akeTebdi, Sen TviTon ver grZnobdi ise... Sen zrunavdi Cemze, vici wuxdi - 

miriani TiTqos umcrosi Zmis fiqrebs kiTxulobda, magram sinamdvileSi 

Seni TavisTvis zrunavdi da wuxdi" (òqros Tevzi~). sulieri sicariele, 

egoizmiT nasazrdoebi vnebebi da fiqrTa mdinareba ar aZlevs pirovnebas 

sakuTari SesaZleblobebis gamomJRavnebis saSualebas. erTi SexedviT, 

TiTqos uxerxemlo da susti adamianebis galereis Cveneba dausaxavs 

miznad mwerals. amisaTvis is gansaxovnebis sxvadasxva saSualebebs 

mimarTavs, maT Soris mniSvnelovania `mimikisa da Jestis ena~, romelsac 

literaturaSi gamomsaxvelobiT metyvelebasac uwodeben. JestikulaciaSi 

da mimikaSi kargad Cans gmiris xasiaTi, misi damokidebuleba sxva perso- 

naJTa mimarT. mSeneblobis ufrosisa da daTos saubars eswreba ufrosis 

TanaSemwe, romlis yoveli moZraoba, Jesti da mimika aSkarad gamoxatavs 

mis mliqvnelur, maameblur damokidebulebas ufrosisadmi: 

`daTo, raSi iyo saqme, ver mixvda...grZelkiseram uceb moiwyina da Ta- 

vi Caqindra, beber indaurs daemsgavsa. 

SekiTxvebi imdenad veraguli da moulodneli iyo, rom daTo ailewa, 

uceb veraferi moifiqra da sdumda. 

- gekiTxebi, im RamiT ra gindoda iq?! 

beberi indauri gamococxlda, Tvalebi aucimcimda. 

- sacolesTan erTad viyavi... 

mSeneblobis ufrosma beber indaurs gadaxeda. beberma indaurma pirze 

xeli aifara da Caiqirqila" (òqros Tevzi~). 

- 117 -

moulodnelobis, gakvirvebis efeqtis mosaxdenad avtori gansxva- 

vebul Jestisa da mimikis enas iyenebs. magaliTad: `gelam kinkrixo mo- 

ifxana nekiT da fanjridan netarebiT gaxeda sivrces. daTo icnobda am 

gamometyvelebas, bevrjer unaxavs igi gelas saxeze ueWveli gamarjvebis 

molodinSi aRbeWdili." 

a. sulakauri didi ostatobiT xatavs calkeul epizodebsac, 

romlebSic xSirad aRwevs mxatvrul srulyofilebas, SeiZleba iTqvas, 

rom igi epizodebis daxvewili da gemovnebiani mxatvaria. gavixsenoT ro- 

gor iwyeba giasa da ZaRlis megobroba moTxrobaSi `biWi da ZaRli": `biW- 

ma veRar moiTmina da yvriliT gaqanda, magram metoqeebTan axlos misvla 

mainc ver gabeda, Soridan dauyvira: 

- xeli ar axloT, Cemia. 

- Senia? mere ra, rom Senia... - gaepasuxa pupuza. 

- ginda wyalSi gadavyaroT? - SeekiTxa yvelaze maRali. 

biWi swrafad gaiqca win, Tavis tanisamoss xeli dastaca, merme CanTisa- 

ken daixara. biWma CanTis aReba ver moaswroa, oTxive erTad daesxa Tavs. 

waaqcies, tanisamosi xelidan gamoglijes. 

ZaRlis Rrenam gamoarkvia biWebi. SemkrTalni uceb mobrundnen. maT 

win veeberTela mura nagazi ijda da iRrineboda. biWebs fiTrma gadahkra 

saxeze. SeSinebulebi erTmaneTs miekrnen da civad gauSvebs tanisamoss 

xeli. 

nagazi iRrineboda. 

waqceuli, Secivebuli biWi wamodga, maSinve wahyo SarvalSi fexebi 

da xalaTi gadaicva. gabrwyinebuli, TiTqos Signidan ganaTebuli Tva- 

lebiT Sescqeroda ZaRls, riyis qvebSoris monaxa fexsacmelebi da 

biWebs miubrunda: 

- axla? 

biWebi ar iZrodnen, sargadaylapulebiviT idgnen. SiSiTa da ZrwoliT 

umzerdnen aRrenil nagazs. metoqeebma biWs gadaxedes usazRvro mokrZa- 

lebiT, romelSic vedrebisa da mudaris sakmaod didi wili eria, magram 

biWi SurisZiebaze ar fiqrobda, is kmayofili iyo imiTac, rom tanisamosi 

daibruna, Tanac igrZno, Tu nagazi gverdiT eyoleboda, es Ronieri da 

moCxubari biWebi verafers daaklebdnen. 

- 118 -

- wavideT! - uTxra ZaRls 

nagazi morCilad gahyva" (`biWi da ZaRli~). 

nawarmoebebSi gvxvdeba iseTi damoukidebeli epizodebic, romlebsac 

gadamwyveti mniSvneloba ar aqvT siJetis ganviTarebisaTvis, magram 

TavisTavadi Rirebuleba gaaCniaT. magaliTad, aseTi epizodia romanSi 

`luka": 

`meore diliT skolaSi momavali luka cacxvis qveS mjdar rubenas 

miesalma. Zalze gaukvirda da SeeWvda Tanac, Tavazianma jujam salami 

rom ar daubruna. daeWvebuli luka erTi wuTiT Seyovnda da axla ufro 

meti gaoceba gamoexata saxeze. rubena tiroda, qosa, damWknar saxeze 

cremli wurwuriT Camosdioda. luka miuaxlovda da hkiTxa: 

- ra moxda, ruben, ra gatirebs? 

- mtredebi mompares? rodis, rodis upasuxa jujam, Tan muWiT moiw- 

minda cremli. 

mwvane samtredes karis Ria iyo, wuxel RamiT gamitexeso, - ambobda 

memtrede da lukasTan erTad amowmebda gatexil kars, dacarielebuli 

samtrede dambali da daobebuli puriTa da narCenebiT yarda. aseT dros 

Znelia kaci anugeSo. miT umetes, Zneli iyo lukasaTvis, romelmac Zlivs 

moaxerxa eTqva, - guli damwydao. lukas marTalac Seecoda rubena da gu- 

lic namdvilad dawyda. juja Tumca Tavze dahkankalebda Tavis marCenal 

mterdebs, magram stadionze asafrenad mainc emeteboda... 

- sul ramdeni iyo? - hkiTxa lukam. 

- oci wyvili - daufiqreblad upasuxa jujam. 

lukam sinanuliT gaaqnia Tavi da WiSkrisken gaswia zlazvniT, gulmok- 

luli memtrede laparak-laparakiT miacilebda, jujas bolomde ar hqon- 

da imedi gadawuruli - Tu TveobiT ar daamwyvdies an ar SemiWames, 

naxevarze meti mainc damibrundebao". 

mwerali didi ostatobiT xatavs im epizodebsac, romliTac ganmsaz- 

Rvreli mniSvneloba aqvT nawarmoebis siuJetis ganviTarebisaTvis. ase- 

Tebia: 

lukasa da mTvarisas Sexvedra (`luka"); 

daTo naTiSvilisa da Savi nikos pirveli Sexvedra da saubari (òq- 

ros Tevzi"); 

- 119 -

cxeni"); 

sabasa da ananos gacnobis epizodi (`TeTri cxeni"); 

qalbatoni mariamis biblioTekis ganadgurebis epizodi (`TeTri 

fabulis sirTulis mxriv gansakuTrebiT saintresoa romani `TeTri 

cxeni". romanSi erTmaneTis paralelurad sxvadasxva droSi momxdari 

ambebia aRwerili; isini calke moTxrobebis saxiTac SeiZleba gan- 

vixiloT. magaliTad: 

ozos Tavgadasavali - ZiriTadi ambavi. 

ananosa da sabas siyvarulis ambavi. 

papa ioTamis ambavi. 

cxensaSenis ganadgurebis ambavi. 

barnabiSvilis Tavgadasavali da misi avkacoba. 

mariamisa da misi biblioTekis istoria... 

a. sulakauris romanebis siuJeti sakmaod mravalferovania, 

nawarmoebebSi òqros Tevzi", `TeTri cxeni", `luka" SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 

ramdenime ambavi paralelurad viTardeba; zogjer am ambebs erTmaneTTan 

kavSiri ar aqvT da TxrobaSi calke gamokveTili ambis saxiT gvevli- 

nebian. asea, magaliTad, romanSi òqros Tevzi". mTavari moqmedi gmiris 

daTo naTiSvilis Tavgadasavlis gverdiT avtori mogviTxrobs ramdenime 

damoukidebel ambavs. esenia: 

mirianis Tavgadasavali. 

noras cxovrebisa da Tavgadasavlis ambavi. 

bubas eSbas cxovrebis istoria. 

Savi nikos cxovrebis istoria. 

mirianisa da nikos urTierTobis istoria. 

aseTnairad SeiZleba ganvixiloT romanic `luka". aqac siuJetur qar- 

gaSi ramdenime sxvadasxva adamianis cxovrebis gansxvavebuli istoriebia 

aRwerili. 

`gabo"-s mTavari moqmedi gmiri erTi Cveulerivi, uiRblo memanqanea, 

romelic erTaderT SviliSvilsac daviwyebia. yvelasagan mitovebuli 

moxucis yoveldRiurobis aRweraSi a. sulakaurma misTvis Cveuli 

mxatvruli ostatobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli cxovelmyofeloba, lirizmi 

da optimizmi Seitana da Seqmna dasamaxsovrebeli saxe drouli, magram 

- 120 -

jer kidev Wabukuri SemarTebiT savse kacisa, romelic miuxedavad misi 

cxovrebis istoriis dramatulobisa far-xmals mainc ar yris. àdamians 

yvela vali gastumrebuli unda hqondes" - es aris am personaJis cxov- 

rebis kredo, amiT arsebobs da suldgmulobs igi. grZnobs, rom mis Svi- 

liSvils - oqrosferTmebian gugutas sWirdeba, swored, am maRali val- 

debulebis grZnobiT iwyebs gabo yovel dilas da am TvaliT ucqeris mo- 

mavals. 

moTxrobaSi `mtredebi" mweralma gviCvena ori axalgazrdis siyvaru- 

lis istoria. mxatvruli detalebis, fsiqologiurad kargad motivi- 

rebuli dialogebis momarjvebiT mweralma Seqmna omis periodis Tbili- 

sis erT-erTi ubnis mcxovrebTa metad mZime, magram mainc Sinagani liriz- 

miT aRbeWdili suraTebi. adamianuri urTierTobebis silamazes a. sulaka- 

uri axalgazrdebSi, mozardebSi, maT jer kidev SeubRalav urTier- 

Tobebis siwmindeSi eZebs. levanisa da nanas saukeTeso Cvevebi da Tvi- 

sebebi sulieri moZraobis iseT niuansebiTaa gamJRavnebuli, rom maTze 

dakvirvebiT SeiZleba daxasiaTeba ara mxolod erT konkretuli pirov- 

nebisa, aramed mTeli Taobisa. 

`mtredebSi" avtori naklebad mimarTavs simboloebsa da miniSnebebs, 

magram erTi Cveulebrivi ambis gadmocemiT, mkiTxveli Zaldautaneblad 

eziareba adamianTa ubraloebisa da TanagrZnobis, sikeTisa da sulieri 

siwmindis momxiblav mSvenierebas. 

mwerlis aseTnair Canafiqris ganxorcielebas emsaxureba mcire 

siuJetiani moTxrobac `didTovloba". erTi SexedviT patara, banalur 

TavgadasavalSi, avtorma Caatia didi mniSvnelobis saTqmeli - Tu rogor 

SeiZleba adamianma gauTviTcnobiereblad, saidanRac mosuli moulodne- 

li SiSis gamo dakargos SegrZneba cxovrebis yvelaze mSvenieri wu- 

Tebisa; Tu rogor SeiZleba ver dainaxo Sens gverdiT arsebuli didi si- 

lamaze da nebayoflobiT Tqva uari sakuTar bednierebaze. 

a. sulakauri sainteresod warmarTavs siuJetis mdinarebas 

moTxrobaSi `Jami dasvenebisa". aq eqspoziciaSi TandaTanobiT vecnobiT 

mTavar personaJebs da arsebul situacias, aRweril garemos: 

`pirvel saRamos maT ukve icodnen, vin romeli qalaqidan Camovida, 

ra saqmianobas eweoda da ra damsaxureba miuZRvoda erisa Tu qveynis wi- 

- 121 -

naSe. garda amisa, isini wvrilmanebsac aniWebdnen udides mniSvnelobas. 

amitom saWirod sTvlidnen scodnodaT, vin iyo gaTxovili an gauTxova- 

ri, coliani an ucolo, ojaxi ramdeni sulisagan Sedgeboda da sxva. da- 

sasvenebeli saxli zRvidan ormoc metramde aRmarTul tinis kldeze id- 

ga. napiris gaswvriv, ramdenime kilometris manZilze sxva Senoba ar Can- 

da. etyoba, arqiteqtorebs Senobis garegnuli ierisaTvis bevri uzruniaT 

da Zveleburi qongurebiani cixe-koSkis forma mounaxavT kidec. TvalSi- 

sacem butaforiulobas Tu arad CavagdebT, xuroTmoZRvrebs Canafiqrma 

erTgvarad mainc gaumarTla... 

ezoSi samni daseirnobdnen: mavra CubiniZe, Teimuraz mebuke da arkadi 

cezari. pirvels pedagogiurma moRvaweobam Tma gauWaRarava, igi sol- 

fejios aswavlida Tbilisis erT-erT musikalur saswavlebelSi. meore 

filologiur mecnierebaTa kandidati gaxldaT, - Cia, avadmyofurad fer- 

mkraTali kaci. xolo mesame Zveli iluzionisti iyo, pensioneri, siberisa 

Tu grimis xSiri xmarebisagan saxe danaoWeboda, daWknoboda, rqis saTva- 

lidan bebrulad sevdiani Tvalebi mouCanda". aq mSvidi da dinji Txroba 

win uswrebs siuJetis SedarebiT daZabuli momentebis Semdgom ganviTa- 

rebas. 

romanis òqros Tevzi" eqspoziciuri nawili ufro lakonurad aris 

gadmocemuli. aq, vidre konfliqti daisaxebodes, dramatuli kvanZi Seik- 

vrebodes, vecnobiT naTiSvilebis ojaxur urTierTobebs, cxovrebis 

stils, obivatelur garemos, adamianTa gaorebul xasiaTebs. gavrcobil 

eqspoziciaSi saubaria dafarul vnebebze; mkafiod ikveTeba, rom am 

ojaxSi moCvenebiTi simSvidea davanebuli da WaobisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli garemo sufevs. romanis Sesavali nawilis gacnobac ki 

sakmarisia imis gasarkvevad, rom ase cxovrebis gagrZeleba SeuZlebeli 

gaxdeba am ojaxis kedlebSi myofi axalgazrdebisaTvis. 

moTxrobis `wyaldidobis" eqspozicia srul suraTs iZleva perso- 

naJTa mosalodneli sulieri kataklizmebis Sesaxeb. yofili meTevze la- 

do sakuTari xeliT angrevs saxls, sadac odesRac bednieri iyo: `rogor 

vifiqrebdi, Tu odesme me TviTon davangrevdi im saxls, sadac bavSvobisa 

da yrmobis wlebi gamitarebia. 

- 122 -

CuRureTi metwilad mewisqvileTa da meTevzeTa ubani iyo. bunebrivia, 

mewisqvileni da meTevzeni mdinaris pirad unda yofiliyvnen dasaxlebul- 

ni da Cveni ubanic mtkvris marcxena napirs mihyveboda yofili voronco- 

vis xididan muxranis xidamde. saxli, sadac me vcxovrobdi, mtkvars ga- 

dahyurebda, aivnebi mtkvarze ekida... didi xnis Semdeg isev Cvens aivanze 

videqi da mtkvars davcqerodi, davcqerodi da veRar vcnobdi Cems Zvel 

megobars: betonis jebirebSi dadinjebuliyo, SeumCnevlad miedineboda. 

gluv zedapirs aerekla ganTiadis fermkrTali ca, sanapiro. qvis 

moajiri, xis wverokanebi da mTawminda. orive sarTulis aivanze sicarie- 

le damxvda, siCume. boZebs Soris gabmul Tokebze ar frialebda TeTreu- 

li, ar ismoda mezoblebis gauTavebeli yayani. ezos mtkvris mxridan sa- 

napiro moswoloda, daviwroebuliyo, saxlic sabralisad gamoiyureboda: 

daberebuliyo, daCaCanakebuliyo, odnav win gadazrdiliyo. ifiqrebdi, 

moaxloebuli faTeraki ugrZvnia gasaqcevad momzadebula, magram weli 

veRar auTreviao. davdiodi dacarielebul oTaxebSi... yvela kari Ria 

damxvda... am viwro oTaxebSi Cven vcxovrobdiT... aq Cemi bavSvobis me- 

gobrebi cxovrobdnen... sada xar axla, levan da nana, bebia mako! Tqvenc 

wasulxarT, abargebulxarT" (`wyaldidoba~). 

a. sulakauri Tavis nawarmoebebSi personaJTa dasamaxsovrebel 

sxeebs qmnis. zogjer maTi Sinagani buneba, namdvili saxe Txrobis bolos 

ki ar mJRavndeba, aramed Tavidanve aSkara da TvalnaTlivia. meTevze la- 

do sakuTar saxls angrevs (`wyaldidoba"), im saxls, sadac odesRac bed- 

nieri iyo, magram am saxlSi igi erTdroulad ubeduric gaxda. amitomac, 

lados am Zvel SenobasTan sakmaod rTuli da mZime mogonebebi akavSi- 

rebs: òriode nabiji gadavdgi. muSis saxe mecnaura. ufro davakvirdi da 

vicani kidec, namdvilad vicani: igi meTevze lado iyo. misma gulgri- 

lobam gamaoca. mSvidad Semovida, kibeze Camojda da Tavi gazeTSi Cargo. 

Tavis yofili saxlisken arc gauxedavs, TiTqos iq arc ecxovros, TiT- 

qos iq ar yofiliyos misi kera". ladosTan saubarSi gamoikvvTa am gmiris 

sulieri tkivili `-advili saqme moundviaT... dangreva advilia.. ai, me bev- 

ri ram damingrevia... wlobiT naSeni erT dRes damingrevia, - man xeli Ca- 

iqnia da damSorda. mere isev momibrunda. Tvalebi naRveliT avseboda, - 

amas daangrev, magram rac me davangrie, veRar avaSene... veRar avaSene". 

- 123 -

moTxrobaSi àbelis dabruneba" Txroba datvirTulia ukiduresi dra- 

matizmiT. abeli brundeba sakuTar ojaxSi da aq nacnobi nivTebis garda 

Sinauri aRaravin xvdeba. Ria karebSi ki idga misive jalaTi, misive 

damsmeni da mosamarTle, vinc brali dasdo udanaSaulo abels da daRu- 

pa igi. 

`Tvrameti weli am dRes eloda abeli da aha, dadga es dRec! simar- 

Tle gaigo. amisTvis uZlebda damcirebas, darbevas, gapartaxebas. axla 

Tu movidoda sikvdili, siciliT Seegebeboda, xolo maSin ar undoda 

sikvdili. bevrjer unatria, magram ar undoda sikvdili". 

a. sulakauris moTxrobebsa da romanebSi daxatul adamianTa arsebaSi 

xSirad xdeba warsuliT nasazrdoeb, SeCveul da amave dros Rirseul, 

amaRlebul grZnobebTan gamoTxoveba; ufasurdebian tradiciuli Ri- 

rebulebebi, fermkrTaldebian Zveli mogonebebi, magram mwerlis 

gamarjveba isaa, rom am did sulier Zvrebs Tan axlavs zneobrivi 

ganaxleba, tanjvisa da gansacdelis gavlis Semdeg axali adamianis 

dabadeba. tragikuli peripetiebis Semdeg iwyeba gmiris sulieri cxov- 

rebis xelaxali aRorZineba, iwyeba gmiris sulieri kaTarzisi. dgeba 

dro, roca farda exdeba damalulsa da dafarul borotebas, dgeba 

Tvalis axelis mtkivneuli momenti: 

moTxrobaSi `wyaldidoba” aseTi viTarebaa maSin, roca iulia _ 

moRalate coli, simarTles eubneba qmars, iwyeba axali safexuri gmiris 

cxovrebaSi, tkiviliani, Sxamnarevi simarTle sicocxles umwarebs 

lados, magram mosaxdeni mainc unda moxdes: 

`_ Sen araferi ar ici... lado... 

iuliam qmris xelebi moiSora da wamodga, mas gadawyvetili hqonda 

yvelaferi eTqva qmrisTvis. 

_ Sen saTevzaod... yovelTvis Rame dadiodi... saRamos waxvidodi da 

diliT brundebodi... 

_ ho, diliT vbrundebodi. 

_ roca Sin ar iyavi... _ iulia gaCumda. 

lados jer guli SekumSa, Semdeg mZlavrad dauwyo baguni. 

_ roca Sin ar viyavi, xdeboda aq rame? 

_ ho. 

- 124 -

_ modioda vinme? 

_ ho. 

_ vin modioda? 

_ stefane. 

meTevzes saxe moebruca, aelewa, Tvalebi daxuWa da karga xans 

darCa gunZrevlad.... 

_ ici, rad geubnebi; minda motyuebeli ar dadiode am qveyaneze, arc 

Cemgan, arc sxvisgan.... Sen Rirsi xar imisa, rom qveyanaze motyuebuli ar 

dadiode. 

lado gadmovida taxtidan. 

iuliam dainaxa rogor caxcaxebda es goliaTi kaci~. 

` - me vicodi, waxvidodi da aRar dabrundebodi... Sen ufro amayi xar, 

vidre... - iuliam ver daamTavra saTqmeli, Tvalebi cremlebiT aevso da 

xma Cauwyda, igi gaqurduliviT idga. dacarielebuli. uecrad igrZno: da- 

karga is, rac misTvis yvelaze metad Zvirfasi iyo, Tanac dakarga samuda- 

mod" (`wyaldidoba~). 

mZafri movlenebis Semdeg sulieri gardasaxva iwyeba zemdegis pirov- 

nebaSic moTxrobaSi `talRebi napirsaken miiswrafian". jariskaci mokvda... 

iwyeba ganTiadi, gadarCenili zemdegis sulSi gaCnda naTeli: àse daCoqi- 

li Sexvda imediviT mosul ganTiads, romelic sinaTles hfenda usasru- 

lo sivrces. es sinaTle mis sulsac wvdeboda da rogorc zRvaze, mis 

sulSic ifanteboda sibnele. `netavi masac ecocxla ganTiadamde", - Tqva 

da Tvalebze cremli moadga. amRvreuli mzeriT daxeda jariskacs. 

jariskacis saxes naTeli adgeboda. me viZieb Surs Riad darCenili saf- 

lavebisaTvis, - warmoTqva CurCuliT zemdegma, TiTqos loculobda". 

mwerlis SemoqmedebiT Taviseburebebze saubrisas kritikosebi yovel- 

Tvis aRniSnaven mis saocar unars, adamianis fiqris Rrmad wvdomisa. a. 

sulakauris saguldagulod adevnebs Tvals personaJis fiqris moZ- 

raobas, Sinagan Widils da faruli zraxvebis mdinarebas. es viTareba 

imiTac unda iyos ganpirobebuli, rom rogorc zemoT iTqva, a. sulakauri 

prozaSi poeziidan movida da Tan moitana poeziisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

msoflmxedveloba, adamianis sulieri moZraobisadmi gansakuTrebuli in- 

teresi, SesaniSnavi ferweruli saxeebi da metaforuli azrovneba. 

- 125 -

marTebuli SeniSvniT: à. sulakauris proza gamoirCeva Tavisi sisadaviTa 

da simsubuqiT. asea es imitom, rom man Seisisxlxorca Cveulebrivi ma- 

sobrivi metyveleba. a. sulakauris prozaSi ar igrZnoba, rom mwerali 

bunebrivi metyvelebis misaRwevad raime xerxs iyenebs. mwerlis 

moTxrobebisa da romanebis sicocxlisunarianoba maTSi aRwerili ambis 

realisturobaSi ki ar unda veZeboT, aramed am ambis poetur gansaxie- 

rebaSi" (margvelaSvili, `mnaTobi~, 1977). TavisTavad poeturobas qmnis is 

garemoeba, rom dawyebuli ambis finali nawarmoebis dasasruls xdeba 

sacnauri. levanis sityvebis dafarul azrs ver xvdeba nana (`mtredebi"), 

verc mkiTxveli uZebnis amoxsnas mas, magram bunebis suraTis, saerTo 

ganwyobilebis SeqmniT avtori axerxebs gagvagebinos gmiris sulsa da 

gonebaSi momxdari didi gardatexis Sesaxeb: 

`- maCvene Seni palto, iqneb gamosaSvebi hqondes... 

- SeiZleba paltos Cacma arc damWirdes. 

- ratom, Tbili zamTari iqneba? 

- ara. 

- maS. 

- ra vici, ise vTqvi, sxvaTa Soris, 

viwro sarkmlidan daRrubluli sivrce moCanda, nacrisferi, daZenZi- 

li Rrublebi notio CvrebviTi ekida caze. isini sarkmelTan idgnen da 

gareT ixedebodnen. kramitze wvimis wveTebi xmaurobdnen, merme Tavs 

iyridnen Tunuqis RarSi da wvimis wyali nakaduliviT garboda, qafmore- 

uli". 

a. sulakauris prozaSi aRweril samyaroSi borotebas da SurisZiebas 

sikeTe amarcxebs. dramatul, tragizmiT aRsavse cxovrebiseul movlenebs 

yovelTvis ubedurebisaken ar mivyavarT da rom yvelaferi dakarguli ar 

aris. marTalia, sulakauris gmirebs mravali gansacdeli gamouvliaT, 

magram maT sruliadac ar SenelebiaT sicocxlis wyurvili. aseTi 

ganwyobilebiT xatavs igi Tavis gmirebs: gias (`biWi da ZaRli"), lados 

(`wyaldidoba"), levansa da nanas (`mtredebi"), liasa da gogis (`zeviT da 

qveviT"), lukas (`luka"), gabos (`gabo"), abels (àbelis dabruneba"), ozos 

(`TeTri cxeni"). 

- 126 -

`lukam didi mwvane mindori dainaxa, yvavilebiT mofenili. mindorze 

TeTri cxvari da Txis jogi gamoCnda, Txis jogSi erTi lamazi TeTri 

Tikani SekuntruSda da Sexta...mouoxeT, batonebo, batonebo, mouoxeT... 

(`luka"). 

gavixsenoT moTxrobis `zeviT da qveviT", dasasruli: ùRrublo ca 

iyo, varskvlavebiT moWedili. iseTi siCume sufevda, rom marto Cemi 

nabijebis xma ayruebda midamos. am did siCumeSi, did dumilSi lias da- 

Zaxeba mominda da davuZaxe kidec. Zaxili mTebma gaimeores da ukan da- 

mibrunes... amiTac ar gaTavebula Cveni ambavi. arc gaTavdeba, vidre var- 

sebobT me da lia". 

a. sulakauri im SemoqmedTa kategorias ekuTvnis, romelTac gansakuT- 

rebiT hqondaT gamaxvilebuli zneobrivi pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba. amas 

mowmobs misi gmirebis anduyafaris, bogdanas, lukas, gias, jariskacis, 

lados, daTos, gelas, gogis, lias, ananos, ozosa da sxvaTa poetizi- 

rebuli, moralurad srulyofili saxeebi. 

a. sulakauris prozis poeturobis ganapirobebs isic, rom mwerali 

TiTqos umniSvnelo romelime detals, epizods, momxdar faqts, raime 

SemTxvevas, zRaprulobis, gansakuTrebulobis elferiT mosavs, riTac 

vlindeba mTxrobelis romantikuli ganwyobileba, misi miswrafeba 

CveulebrivSi dainaxos araCveulebrivi, amaRlebuli. Aasea daxatuli 

Tovliani bunebis suraTi: 

`ca mowmendili iyo da mze gvacxunebda. qaTqaTa Tovli mzeze 

brwyinavda da Tvalebs gvtkenda. Cvensken gamo.. - TovliT datvirTuli 

fiWvebi da sadRac ukan rCebodnen. tyis iqiT mze Cadioda. Tovlze iisfe- 

ri Crdilebi misrialebdnen da Crdilebi TandaTan izrdeboda, usaSve- 

lod grZeldeboda da erTmaneTs exlarTeboda". xatovani Sedarebebisa da 

epiTetebis gamoyenebiT avtorma bunebis ara marto poetizirebuli sura- 

Ti Seqmna, aramed moaxerxa Seeqmna ferTa gama, SeZlo mieca sityvisaTvis 

feri da musikaluri JReradoba. es faqti ki udaod metyvelebs mwerlis 

sulier sifaqizesa da mis maRalmxatvrul gemovnebaze. 

poetizirebuli xdeba sivrce, garemo, Rrubeli, adamiani, rac a. sula- 

kauris, rogorc mwerlis, gamosaxvis interesebis sferoSi moeqceva. `viw- 

ro sarkmlidan daRrubluli sivrce moCanda. nacrisferi, daZenZili 

- 127 -

Rrublebi notio CvrebiviT ekida". am SedarebiT avtorma Seqmna origina- 

luri poeturi suraTi Rrubliani, Cveulebrivi amindisa. TiTqmis araf- 

riT gamorCeuli yoveldRiurobidan aiRo da mxatvruli Rirebuleba mia- 

niWa Cveulebrivs, rigiTs. es mxolod sityvis ostaturi flobiT miiRwe- 

va. aseTive damokidebulebiT aRwers mwerali mdinare mtkvars: 

`mtkvari misi bavSvobis mdinare iyo, bavSvobidanve esmoda es xmauri 

da sul egona, am xmebiT mtkvari raRacis Tqmas apirebda, wvalobda, 

itanjeboda da mainc ver agebinebda... mermec ase fiqrobda: talRebis 

srbolaSi imaleboda raRac didmniSvnelovani, maradmWmunvari da marad- 

Seucnobeli. mdinaris moZravi da cocxali sxeuli, dauxSobeli xma izi- 

davda da eZaxda, aRelvebda, rogorc cxovreba an qali. mtkvari bneli da 

gulCaTxrobili moeCvena. etyoboda, dRes veRar gaugebdnen erTmaneTs. 

dRes mtkvris dRe ar iyo. uazrod mdgarma maRalma napirs gaxeda. CuRu- 

reTSi aqa-iq sacodavad kiafobda sinaTle da mdinaris zedapirze mkrTa- 

lad irekleboda. gawbilebuli gabrunda ukan, TiTqos megobarTan, movida 

da megobari Sin ar daxvda". poeturobis elferis matarebelni arian per- 

sonaJebi: luka, mTvarisa, gia, gabo, bogdana, lia, jariskaci da a.S. aq er- 

Tsac aRvniSnavT: gansxvaveba, romelic arsebobs Cveulebriv qaliSvilsa 

da mTvarisas Soris, an Cveulebriv biWsa da gias, lukas Soris, an kidev 

gansxvaveba anduyafaris garegnobasa da mis Sinagan samyaros Soris - 

qmnis im warmosaxviT manZils, romelic mkiTxvelma Tavisi fantaziiT un- 

da daZlios, raTa personaJebi srulyofilad gaicnos da maTi safiqrali 

da satkivari gaiTavisos. 

a. sulakauri nawarmoebTa siuJetSi iyenebs asaxvis kontrastulobis 

principsac. am principis mixedviT aq marto personaJebi ki ar arian 

daxatulni, aramed iqmneba dasamaxsovrebeli epizodebi da situaciebi. 

aseTia, magaliTad, meTevze lados mtkvarTan brZola ucxo nagazis gada- 

sarCenad da iqve, mewisqvile stefanes mier Zlivs gadarCenili nagazis 

fexiT adidebul wyalSi gadagdeba; lados patiosneba da stefanes unamu- 

soba (`wyaldidoba") levanis mamakacuri Rirsebebis vasikos avxorcobas- 

Tan Sepirispireba (`mtredebi"); yviTelfrenCiani mamakacisa da makos fi- 

losofia (`wyaldidoba"); mTvarisas monologi, anduyafari da polikarpe 

- 128 -

(`luka"). kontrastebiT xatvis amgvari xerxi isev poeturobasTan aris 

wilnayari. 

a. sulakauris mxatvruli proza datvirTulia saxe-simboloebiT, 

romlebiTac mwerali personaJebis cxovrebisa da moqmedebis dafarul 

arss gvixsnis. simbolur-alegoriuli azrovnebiT mwerali xSirad 

mianiSnebs adamianis qcevis gaucnobierebel motivebze da qcevebze. emo- 

ciuria lukas sizmari Tavisi simbolur-semantikuri da azrobrivi dat- 

virTviT gamo; an kidev simbolur mniSvnelobas iZens dakarguli mtre- 

debis dabruneba moTxrobaSi `mtredebi". 

mtredi uZvelesi bibliuri saxea, romelic mSvidobisa da keTili 

ambebis macned gvevlineba. dakarguli mtredebis isev dabruneba mSobli- 

ur saxuravebze omis dasrulebisa da dabrunebuli simSvidis simbolod 

Semoitana avtorma moTxrobaSi. 

saintereso simboluri saxea mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi mTvare. mTvare 

SemTxveviT ar aris erT-erT mTavari xati a. sulakauris prozasa Tu po- 

eziaSi. xSirad gvxvdeba mis leqsebSi mTvariT sxivfenili samyaro, mTva- 

riani Rame, fanjridan gafrenili Tu `ToTo CviliviT" mklavebze miZi- 

nebuli mTvaris xateba. magaliTad: 

anda: 

`vRelav da mTvare oTaxSi damaqvs, 

mTvares bavSviviT mklavebze Zinavs”. 

(`Ramis simRera~) 

`saRamoxanad mTvaris RimilSi 

Canda tkivili jvarze gakruli 

da lurj CrdilebSi gafantul fiqrebs 

mimwuxris Suqi gahyva kaciviT”. 

mTvare a. sulakaurTan iZens im mniSvnelobas, romlis Sinaarsi 

iTavsebs da idumali mizidulobiT gansazRvravs adamianur yofierebas, 

misi arsebobis sazriss. mTvare da yviTeli feri, ufro swored maTi 

erTianoba, qmnis azrisa da grZnobis im idumal urTierTkavSirs, romlis 

erTianobaSic sicocxlis maradiuli wyurvili da siyvarulis gadamrCeni 

Zala igulisxmeba. mniSvnelovania am kuTxiT mTvarisas monologi 

moTxrobidan `luka", sadac mTvare xdeba admianis gansakuTrebuli yofis 

- 129 -

gamomxatveli. Semdgom misi gavlenis are ufro farTovdeba da igi 

mxolod Sinagani mdgomareobis mimaniSneblad ki ar aRiqmeba, aramed iq- 

ceva fizikuri da sulieri mdgomareobis erTianobis gamomxatvelad, sin- 

Tezuri mniSvnelobis simbolod. mTvarea SeSlili qalis qvecnobieri me- 

gobari; mas iseTi gancda aqvs, rom mTvares misi tkivilebic ki stkiva. 

mTvare, rogorc mudmivi ganaxlebis simbolo, amoirCia mTvarisam sakuTa- 

ri `mes" gamoxatavad da saxelic misi dairqva. qalisa da mTvaris xatiT 

erTianobiT a. sulakauri simbolurad xazs usvams adamiansa da gare- 

samyaros erTianobis maradiulobas. avtori tyuilubralod ar axdens 

mTvaris simboloze aqcentirebas. SemoRamebis idumali saxilveli Tavi- 

seburi niSansvetia axali JamTaaRricxvis dasabamisa, radgan aq edeba sa- 

Tave mTvarisas maradiul ltolvas, miswrafebas amaRlebisa da 

srulyofilebisaken. mTvarisas miTosuri arqetipi ki izidaa - Zvel egvip- 

telTa uzenaesi qalRmerTi. izida dastiris Zmasa da qmars - oziriss, 

romelic urCxulma mokla. izida egviptis mTvaris, miwisa da nayofie- 

rebis gamomxatvelia, ozirisi sinestis, nayofierebis, nilosis da mzis 

RmerTi. isini tyupebi iyvnen da dedis mucelSive SeuRldnen. izidasa da 

oziriss emtereboda sikvdilis, udabnos, simSralis RmerTi, misi Zma se- 

Ti, anu tifoni. man ozirisi moatyua, moutana lamazi kidobani, vinc ama- 

Si Caeteva, imas vaCuqebo. ozirisi motyuvda, Cajda masSi (amiT SeiZleba 

nilosis dakleba da sagazafxulo daSroba igulisxmeba, roca SeiZleba 

marcvlis miwaSi CaTesva), tifonma Tavi daaxura, fisi Caasxa da mdinares 

misca. Semdeg kidobani gairiya mdinaris napiras, masze xe amovida. es xe 

moewona biblonis mefes da Tavisi sasaxlis svetad gaakeTebina. oziriss 

eZebda izida, ipova. amoiyvana kidobnidan, dastiroda, tifonma isev ipova 

mkvdari ozirisi, ToTxmet nawilad dakepa da dedamiwaze mimofanta. izi- 

dam ipova yvela nawili, sadac poulobda iq taZars aRmarTavda da yvela 

es adgili wminda adgilad iqca. Seakowiwa, qmris sxeuli da fileSi, 

abidosSi damarxa, Semdeg ozirisi gacocxlda. igi micvalebulTa meufed 

da mosamarTled iqca. is isev Seipyro tifonma da misi gaTavisufleba 

SeZlo mxolod misma Svilma horisma, romelic Seeba tifons da ubedur 

ded-mamas sixaruli daubruna. izida mTvaris RmerTia, ozirisi - mzisa. es 

ciuri sxeuli mxatvrul fantaziaSi transformaciis Sedegad jer gmi- 

- 130 -

is Sinagani mdgomareobis simbolod iqceva, Semdeg ki zogad gamomxatve- 

lad adamianis tkiviliani yofisa. 

a. sulakaurTan mdinares, wylis stiqias, konkretulad mtkvris saxes, 

gansakuTrebuli simboluri daniSnuleba eniWeba. avtori cocxali orga- 

nizmiviT aRiqvams mtkvars - `maradiul mdinares". mdinare aris erTader- 

Ti, romelic absoluturad TanaugrZnobs masTan dakavSirebul perso- 

naJTa ganwyobilebas. a. sulakauris prozaSi igi mxatvrul saxed aris 

qceuli. Am mdinares ukavSirdeba mravali adamianis bedi da misi 

mSfoTvareba Tu siwynare xSirad personaJTa emociur-fsiqologiuri 

mdgomareobas gansazRvravs kidec. mwerali emociurad aRwers mtkvris 

suraTs: 

`fanjridan moCanda mtkvari da mtkvris gaRma napiri, ferdobze 

Sefenili qalaqis Zveli ubani erTmaneTze miwyobili, dabrecilaivniani, 

kramitiT daxuruli saxlebi. maT Soris, rogorc dedofali, idga 

godolisebuli Senoba, romelsac qamariviT qonda Semortymuli xis 

lurji aivani. 

mdinaris mimarTulebas aq ver gaigebdi. wyali yoveli mxriT 

moZraobda, bdRvinavda, fuTfuTebda, uzarmazari qvabiviT duRda, 

Zabrulebs aCenda. dineba swrafad, mzakvrulad icvlida gezs, aguris 

kedels exeTqeboda da ukan dabrunebuli ufro moulodneli 

mimarTulebiT midioda. momwvano feri dakravda morevs, miukareblad 

civsa da Rrmas~ (`Rame yabaxze~). 

wylis stiqia am SemTxvevaSi aRiqmeba, rogorc simbolo warmav- 

lobisa, aseve maradiuli ganaxlebisa. wyali sicocxlis sawyisia, erTi 

oTxkavSirTagani; igi erTdroulad ganaxlebisa da sikvdilis momtani 

stiqiaa. is samyaros denadobis, warmavlobis da mudmivi ganaxlebis xati- 

a. amitomac mwerlis TiTqmis yvela prozaul nawarmoebSi wyals - mdina- 

res umTavresi adgili uWiravs (`luka", `biWi da ZaRli", `wyaldidoba", 

`Rame yabaxze", `TeTri cxeni"). moedineba mdinare mtkvari, rogorc drois 

(borotisa da keTilis) usasrulobis damtevi; Tanabrad moaqvs sisxli da 

cremli, (anduyafaris daRrCoba mtkvarSi, cxenebis daRrCoba alazanSi, 

nagazis daRupva sxv.) sixaruli da bedniereba (`biWi da ZaRli", `luka", 

`wyaldidoba"). 

- 131 -

sikvdilisa da sicocxlis aRorZineba-ganaxlebis motivi yvela miTis 

ganuyreli specifikuri Tvisebaa. am ideis mxatvruli xorcSesxmiT mwera- 

li migviTiTebs Tavisi gmirebis gansakuTrebul bunebaze. 

moTxrobaSi `luka" anduyafari Tavs iRrCobs adidebul mtkvarSi. an- 

duyafaris wyalSi daxrCoba aqac simbolur planSi moiazreba, radgan 

wylis stiqiaSi Sesvla kvlav aRorZinebis sibrZnis Semcvelia. miTosis 

mixedviT es aqti adamianis yofis maradisobis, misi sicocxlis zeobis 

daucxromeli rwmena da himnia. es poeturi sibolo - wyalSi STanTqmisa 

da xelaxla aRorZinebisa, dakavSirebulia mTvarisas da misi arqetipis 

izidas maradiuli ganaxlebis ciklTan, rac TavisTavad gazafxulze 

xdeba. swored, gazafxuls - qveynad bunebis gamoRviZebis periods, mara- 

diuli ganaxlebisa da aRorZinebis miTs ukavSirdeba anduyafaris wylis 

stiqiaSi gauCinarebac. igi kvlav dabrundeba, dabrundeba imitom rom 

adamianebi mTvarisas arsebobaSi, Seuryvneli zraxvebisa da sikeTisTan 

ziarebis maradiulobaSi daarwmunos. 

moTxrobaSi `wyaldidoba" adidebuli mtkvris msxverpli xdeba stefa- 

nes wisqvilic. mtkvarma, maradiulma mdinarem, waleka Zveli, warmavali 

cxovrebis simbolo, aRgava pirisagan miwisa. masTan erTad sxva wisqvi- 

lebic amTavreben TavianT arsebobas: àseTi modidebuli mtkvari jer 

aravis enaxa. kalapotSi aRar eteoda. modioda amRvreuli, Tixisferi, 

Ronier talRebs zaTqiT moagorebda...mtkvarma kalapoti gadmolaxa, 

ezoebSi SemoiWra, sardafebi wyliT gaavso. stefanes wisqvili ebrZoda 

talRebs. wyalma bondi moarRvia da waiRo, axla wisqvils awveboda mTe- 

li ZaliT, talRa talRaze exeTqeboda. banis moajiri gadaawvina da 

isic gaitaca. saxuravze virTxebi abobRebuliyvnen da SeSinebuli daZ- 

rwodnen. uceb gamayruebeli stvena gaisma... magram amjerad arc kaci 

ixrCoboda, arc ZaRli... mdinares zemodan wisqvili mohqonda, visi iyo 

ver gaarCevdi - wisqvilebi tyupebiviT hgavdnen erTmaneTs. rodesac wis- 

qvili aivans gausworda, stefanem TavSi itaca xelebi da Tvalebi daxuWa. 

gaisma gamayruebeli lawanis da msxvrevis xma, wisqvili wisqvils 

daejaxa, Seelewa, SeeWylita da moangria. stefanem Tvali gaaxila, mis 

wisqvils naxevari mxare moclili hqonda, meore naxevaric ayiravda, aiwi- 

a, TiTqos wylidan amoxtomas lamobda da CainTqa". Mmtkvari, is mdinarea, 

- 132 -

omelic saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi Tanaganmcdelad Tan sdevs qarTveli 

kacis cxovrebas, arsebobis filosofiuri WvretisaTvis ganawyobs 

pirovnebas. aseTi mtkvris saxe kargad daxata mweralma moTxrobaSi `Rame 

yabaxze~: 

`mtkvari misi bavSvobis mdinare iyo. bavSvobidanve esmoda es xmauri 

da sul egona, am xmebiT mtkvari raRacis Tqmas apirebda, wvalobda, 

itanjeboda da mainc ver agebinebda... mermec ase fiqrobda: talRebis 

srbolaSi imaleboda raRac didmniSvnelovani, maradmWmunvari da 

maradSeucnobeli. mdinaris moZravi da cocxali sxeuli, dauxSobeli xma 

izidavda da eZaxda, aRelvebda, rogorc cxovreba an qali~. 

wyaldidobis dros adidebul alazanSi ioTamis yofili cxensaSeni- 

dan iRupeba cxenebis didi nawili (`TeTri cxeni"). remis mdinaris adi- 

debul talRebSi Caxocvis sulisSemZvreli ambavi gaiazreba, rogorc 

simbolo gayiduli, mZlavrobiT damcirebuli, TavisuflebawarTmeuli sa- 

qarTvelosi. cxeni mudam iyo qarTveli kacis yofis istoriuli Tanam- 

gzavri. igi qarTul cnobierebaSi asocirdeba moZraobasTan da 

swrafvasTan. 

a. sulakauris romanSi mTavari gmirs sulierad aforiaqebs xalxuri 

zRaprebis bedaurTan gaigivebuli qarTuli, lurjforebiani TeTri 

cxeni. misi funqciuri datvirTva nawarmoebSi sikeTis gamarjvebisaTvis 

brZolaSi gamoixateba. a. sulakauris cxeni ubralo araa, is raSia, 

bedauria. es cxeni folkloridan gadmovida literaturaSi, amdenad, 

SemTxveviTi ara, rom ozos uCndeba TeTr cxenTan igiveobis grZnoba. mis 

warmodgenaSi mniSvnelovan adgils ikavebs TeTri cxeni, rac kargad Cans 

lamarasa da ozos dialogSi: 

` _ kargi ramea xetiali... cota ki gadaveCvieT. 

_ me ar gadavCveulvar, me moxetiale raindi var! 

_ raindebi rom aRar arian?! samwuxarod gadaSendnen. 

_ maSin, me var moxetiale raindis cxeni. 

_ cxeni? _ gaicina lamaram. 

_ xo, ra gagikvirda?! 

_ iqneb rosonanti xar? 

- 133 -

_ ara, me var lurjforejebiani TeTri cxeni!_ wamomcda 

daufiqreblad da gameRima” (`TeTri cxeni”). 

marTebulad aRniSnaven, rom `romanSi TeTri cxenis simbolika 

erovnuli suliskveTebisa da zRapruli warmosaxvis sferoa. mTavari 

gmiris _ ozos miswrafeba _ iqces TeTri cxenad, gulisxmobs, rom igi im 

pirovnebad iqceva, romelsac ZaluZs sakuTari Zalebis mobilizeba 

yovelgvar borotebisa da usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad~ (jan- 

tiSvili: kritika, 21). 

romanSi aSkarad simboluri datvirTvis mqonea, agreTve, ananos mo- 

naTxrobi wiTeli mamlis Sesaxeb. wiTeli mamali miTosur frinvelad iT- 

vleba. is sknels, e. i. sicocxles ukavSirdeba. amasTan erTad igi sikvdi- 

lis kultTanac aris asocirebuli. mamlis saganTiado yivili miTologi- 

aSi maradiuli gaTenebis, kosmosis gaRviZebis mimaniSneblad unda yofi- 

liyo miCneuli. a. sulakauris prozaSi wiTeli mamali mzisa da sikvdi- 

lis moaxloebis macnea. mamlis simboluri saxis mxatvruli gaazreba 

qarTul literaturasa da zepirsityvierebaSi axali ar aris. svaneTSi 

dResac arsebobs tradicia, roca mamliTa da Cangis JRrialiT midian 

micvalebulis sulis mSobel mxareSi dasabruneblad. ananos mistikur 

winaswarmetyvelebas win wiTeli mamali miuZRvis, rac adasturebs, rom 

amiT amqveyniuri cxovreba dasrulda: 

`meore dRes marTla mosula saba. xmamaRla gaucinia da didi, wiTe- 

li mamali Robeze gadmoufrenia... im mamals TviTonac Semohyolia.... ma- 

mals kargad davakvirdi... momeCvena, rom mousvenrad wrialebda, raRacna- 

ir SeSfoTebul xmebs gamoscemda, Tan Tvali sul cisken gaurboda. ana- 

nom fanjara gamoaRo, mamals CvenTvis yuradReba ar mouqcevia, frTa 

frTas Semohkra da sakmaod maRal sabZelze ise iolad, Zaldautaneblad 

afrinda, gunebaSi kinaRam gamecina - es ra mfrinavi mamali gvyolia da 

ar vicodi-meTqi. mamalma axla sabZlidan gadmoxeda samyaros. merme 

`yeli moiRera", dasayivleblad waigrZela kiseri, magram yivilis nac- 

vlad xrotinis msgavsi xma amouSva. uceb TvalnaTliv davinaxe, wiTelma 

mamalma rogor icvala feri... sabZlis saxuravze wiTlis nacvlad yora- 

niviT Savi mamali SemarTuliyo... mamalma kidev erTxel Semohkra frTa- 

frTas da gafrinda". amrigad, wiTeli mamlis simbolikiT daiwyo da das- 

- 134 -

ulda sabasa da ananos urTierToba, wiTeli mamali gaxda mizezi maTi 

siyvarulisa da Tanacxovrebisa, xolo Savi mamali, maTi gayrisa da da- 

Sorebisa. simboluria wiTeli mamlis Sav mamlad gadaqceva. am moments 

mwerali aclis ararealurobis saburvels da aSkarad, naTlad gviCve- 

nebs, msgavsi movlenebis realurad arsebobis SesaZleblobas. Savi mam- 

lis yivili, zogadad, qvesknelisaken swrafvis momaswavebelia. iq igi 

aRiqmeba maradiuli wyvdiadisaken swrafvad. wiTlisa da Savi mamlis 

simboloebs ukaSirdeba ananos saqmros, sabas daRupva, xolo Semdeg ana- 

nos sikvdilic. avtori personaJTa cxovrebis bednierebisa da ubedu- 

rebis momentebs simbolurad ukavSirebs wiTlisa da Savi mamlis 

simboloebs. ananosa da sabas urTierToba romanSi bolomde garkveuli 

ar aris. aq saqme ufro `rTul siyvarulTan" gvaqvs, vidre Tvalis erTi 

gadavlebiT SeimCneva. am ori gmirs aSkarad akavSirebs sulieri harmonia, 

magram maTi siyvarulis ambavi ufro zRaprul-romantiuli elferiTaa Se- 

mosili, radgan anano ufro zRapruli personaJia, gulTmisani qalia, 

vidre Cveulebrivi adamiani. igi Zalian hgavs qarTuli xalxuri zRapris 

gmirs ananos (ànanos zRapari"). anano zRaparSi vegetatiur-astraluri 

qalRmerTia. anano baRCa-bostnis mfarvelia: `gvari aqvs kamis, prasis 

sartyeli artyia", mas uamravi saswaulis Cadena SeuZlia. igi mudam 

jobnis da devnis ufliswulis colebs, magram ufliswuli masze, ugva- 

roze ara da ar qorwindeba. da ai, simarTlis gasagebad, Tavisi eWvis da- 

sadastureblad, rom anano marTla RvTiuri arsebaa, ufliswuli gaiTama- 

Sebs TviTmkvlelobas. 

simboluria romanSi daxatul ananosa da zRapris personaJis ananos 

ambavTa dasasrulic. zRaparSi ananosTan wiTel cxenze amxedrebuli 

mxedari modis; romanSi ananos saflavTan mxedari daxvda ozos, romelic 

verafriT Seicno, verc veravis miamsgavsa, igi mistikuri arsebasaviT gaC- 

nda da gauCinarda ozos Tvalwin. cxeni, mTvare, mamali, mdinare, mtre- 

debi, wyali, cxvari, es is simboloebi da alegoriebia, romlebsac avto- 

ri xSirad moixmobs Tavisi dafaruli Tu mistiuri azris gadmosacemad. 

`gza" da `gzajvaredinic" am simboloebs Soris moiazreba, radgan maT 

a. sulakauris prozaSi aSkarad gansxvavebuli mxatvruli datvirTva ga- 

aCniaT. 

- 135 -

a. sulakauris prozaSi sagrZnobia is urTierTkavSiri, romelic mudam 

aaxloebs zRapars realur cxovrebasTan. arCevanis filosofiuri logika 

zRapris gmirsa da Cveulebriv mokvdavs xom TiTqmis erTnairi aqvT 

(zogjer adamianis gzis arCevans bediswerac gansazRvravs). gzis simbolo 

a. sulakauris prozaSi adamianis sakuTari Tavis povnisa da pirovnul 

SesaZleblobaTa aRmoCenis saSualebaa. albaT, amitomac eZebs misi gmiri 

yovelTvis axal gzebs. cxadia, pirovnuli `me" erTia, magram gza aTasnai- 

ri. gza - arCevania! a. sulakaurma icis, rom yvelaferi, rac aris `gzaze" 

da yvelaferi rac dakavSirebulia `gzasTan" SeiZleba iqces misi gmiris 

sulieri aRmasvlis axal safexurad. gza sakuTari Tavis axali kuTxiT 

danaxvis SesaZleblobasac Seicavs, imitomac, rom gza pirovnebis axali 

gadawyvetilebis, misi saxecvlilebebis SesaZlo asparezia. a. sulakauris 

mxatvrul prozaSi adamianTa sulieri daSoriSoreba, urTierTgaucxoveba 

sivrcis simbolizaciiTac aris gadmocemuli. gmirsa da mis axlobel 

adamianebs Soris darRveul sulier harmonias metaforulad gamosaxavs 

fizikurad maTi damaSorebeli sivrce - xidi, gza. `guramma xidi gaiara 

da kidev erTxel mixeda givis. givi aRarsad Canda, xalxsa da sibneleSi 

gauCinarebuliyo"...an kidev: `mobarbace landi dainaxa, landi TandaTan 

uaxlovdeboda. guramma skolis megobari icno. givi mTvrali brundeboda 

Sin, fexebi ereoda, barbacebda, xidis moajirs awydeboda. gurams gver- 

dze Cauara, wamiT SeCerda da iribad moixeda... da barbaciTve gaiara gza". 

aseTive simboluri daniSnuleba aqvs xids, rogorc ori napiris Semaer- 

Tebels da damakavSirebels ki ara, aramed, rogorc personaJTa or abso- 

luturad gansxvavebuli zneobriv-eTikur samyaros daaxloebis saSua- 

lebas. xidi aris simbolo adamianTa Soris daSoriSorebuli siyvaru- 

lis, megobrobis, aRdgenisa. xidi aris is simbolo, romelic aerTianebs, 

uxilavi gadasasvleliT akavSirebs an sapirispiro SemTxvevaSi aSorebs 

erTmaneTs adamianebs. 

sainteresod warmoCindeba a. sulakaurTan aqvariumi da aqvariumSive 

gamomwyvdeuli oqros Tevzi, romelic aSkarad simboluri daniSnu- 

lebisaa. aqvariumis Caketil sivrceSi, SemosazRvrul garemoSi arsebobis 

gancdiT adamianis martosulobis problema wamoswia win avtorma. ro- 

gorc oqros Tevzs surs hyavdes xmis gamcemi, aseve eZeben sulier me- 

- 136 -

gobrebs misi personaJebi. xsna gaqcevaSia, im kedlebis damsxvrevaSia, ase 

TavganwirviT rom askdeba oqros Tevzi. Tevzi qristes rCeulia, misi 

siboloa, wminda arsebaa, mudam mdumare, ucodveli. oqros Tevzis 

simboluri gaazrebisaTvis saWiroa Rrmad CavwvdeT mirianis da daTos 

Sinagan samyaros, radgan am alegoriis gasaRebi, swored, am ori axalgaz- 

rda kacis sulSia Camaluli. maTi arseboba, aqvariumSi moTavsebuli Tev- 

zis msgavsad, viwro da SezRudulia, sivrce Caketilia, ar arsebobs per- 

speqtiva, momavlis naTeli wertilic ki. xsna TiTqmis arsaiT Cans. obiva- 

teluri, SezRuduli wrea Sekruli gmirebis garSemo, rac bunebrivia iw- 

vevs melanqolias, gaorebasa, maT sulier depresias. aqvariumis Caketili 

sivrce obivateluri garemos alegoriaa. mwerali ase gadmogvcems oqros 

Tevzis gancdebs: òqros Tevzi dilidanve SeSfoTebuli iyo, nerviulad 

dasrialebda da kedlidan kedels awydeboda. SesaZloa dRes pirvelad 

igrZno, rom aqvariumi, romelSic amdeni xania cxovrobs, Zalze pataraa, 

rom am qilaSi Znelia amdeni xani cxovreba. aRarc axsovs rodis gamouc- 

vales wyali. minis kedels xavsi moedo da gareT gaxedva Wirs... oqros 

Tevzs guli uwuxda. aqvariumSi veRar eteoda, sunTqva uWirda. fskerisken 

daeSva, merme farflebi Ronivrad daiqnia da isariviT aiWra zeviT. 

wylis zedapirs rom miuaxlovda, kidev erTxel daiqnia farflebi da 

wylidan amoxta. es wamiT amoxta mxolod, isev wyalSi CaeSva Tavdayira". 

a. sulakauris Semoqmedebis simboluri azrovnebis dasaxasiaTeblad 

mniSvnelovania moTxrobis `talRebis napirisaken miiswrafian" erTi pa- 

saJi. momakvdavi jariskaci ocnebobs Rame ar mokvdes, rogorme ganTiadam- 

de miaRwios cocxalma. mis gverdiT myofi zemdegisaTvis gaugebaria misi 

am daJinebuli survilis azri. cnobili faqtia, Rame sulis moZraobis ga- 

nuyreli oreulia, romelSic imaleba yofierebis gaucnobierebeli arsi. 

amitomac adamianis cxovrebis yvelaze tragikuli wuTebi Rameul sibne- 

leSi ganicdeba, rac yofierebis amouxsneli energiis xiluli gamovli- 

nebaa. jariskacis, ananos (`TeTri cxeni"), mTvarisas cnobierebaSi (`luka") 

Rame ara mxolod mwuxarebis gamomxatvelia, is tragikuli movlenebis as- 

parezicaa, romelic bnel zraxvebs malavs. sxeuli irRveva da dgeba gar- 

dasaxvis misteriuli Jami, dabruneba mSobliur wiaRSi, masSi xelaxla 

gasaRviZeblad. 

- 137 -

a. sulakauris gmirs ubralo moqmedeba Tu saganic ki aucileblad 

aRuZravs nacnobTan asociacias, umZafrebs warmosaxvis unars. magaliTad, 

daxveul kibeze Camomaval daTos gonebaSi karuseliviT datrialdeba 

nacnobi saxeebi, mTeli cxovreba: 

`daTo mdumared Camodioda xraxnili kibiT. ezo nel-nela daiZra da 

datrialda. datrialda karuseliviT. sul axlos Caiqroles nacnobma 

saxeebma. karuseli trialebs da trialebs... trialeben adamianebi..... 

mowyenili da sevdiani cbieri da damcinavi saxeebiT... wyvil-wyvilad 

trialeben: batoni aleqsandre da qalbatoni katuSa, batoni varlami da 

misi Zvirfasi meuRle... marto egeni ki ara, yvelani, yvela mezobeli..... 

dahqrian. dahqrian, dahqrian.. deda da platonic gaielveben.... mirianic da... 

mananac. Teonac da is gapuwkuli, darcxvenili biWic..... 

xraxnili kibe CaaTava daTom da marjvniv gauxvia. quCaSi gavida~ 

(òqros Tevzi~). 

saxe _ simboloebiT azrovneba a. sulakauris SemoqmedebaSi 

warmoaCens realur cxovrebaSi arsebul iseT kanonzomierebebs, 

moqmedebaTa ganviTarebis iseT motivacias, romlebic yoveldRiuri 

adamianuri urTierTobebis zedapirze ar Canan, magram maTi idumaleba 

xSirad Segvaxsenebs xolme Tavs. 

- 138 -

daskvnebi 

a. sulakauri XX saukunis qarTuli mwerlobis erT-erTi TvalsaCino 

warmomadgenelia. winamdebare naSromis mizani iyo a. sulakauris litera- 

turuli memkvidreobis calkeuli problemebisa da im mxatvruli Tavi- 

seburebebis warmoCena, riTac am SesaniSnavma mweralma Tavisi originalu- 

ri adgili daimkvidra meoce saukunis qarTuli literaturis istoriaSi. 

sadisertacio naSromSi xazgasmulia, rom mwerali Tavisi epoqis 

zneobrivi faseulobebis mtkivneuli gadafasebis process moTxrobebisa 

da romanebis mTavar Temad aqcevs. gviCvenebs ra mis TanamedroveTa fsiqo- 

logiur portretebs, igi cdilobs Cawvdes cxovrebaSi mimdinare cvli- 

lebaTa arss, movlenaTa tragikuli gaviTarebis gamomwvev mizezebs. aseT- 

ma damokidebulebam mwerlisagan moiTxova personaJTa gansaxovnebis 

axali mxatvruli xerxebis Zieba. 

XX saukunis 60-iani wlebis qarTuli literaturulis Taobis mier 

mxatvruli siaxleebis damkvidrebisaken miswrafeba, erTgvarad 

ganapiroba msoflio literaturaSi mimdinare procesebmac; amerikulsa 

da evropul literaturas Tu gadavavlebT Tvals, aq gacilebiT adre 

Caisaxa fsiqologizmi da cnobierebis nakadi, ramac Tavisi gamoxatuleba 

- 139 -

hpova Jan-pol sartris, alber kamius, ernest hemingueis, erskin 

kolduelis, uiliam saroanis, jerom selinjerisa da sxvaTa 

SemoqmedebaSi. adamianis martoobis Temam erT-erTi ZiriTadi adgili 

daikava XX s. evropul da amerikul mwerlobaSi. 

`dakarguli Taoba~ uwodes im omgadaxdil adamianebs, romelTac 

sakuTar Tavze gadaitanes omis mTeli saSineleba. Ddidma amerikelma 

mweralma e. hemingueim asaxvis Temad aqcia konfliqti omis qaossa da 

adamians Soris, daxata Sinaganad gaorebuli, magram Zlieri xasiaTis 

mqone gmirebi. e. hemingueis ostatobam didi gavlena iqonia msoflio 

literaturis Semdgom ganviTarebaze. Uufro metic, rogorc aRniSnaven: 

`hemingueis qarTulad gamoCenam faqtobrivad Secvala maSindeli 

axalgazrduli proza. Ddidi zegavlena moaxdina Targmnilma 

literaturam zogadad qarTul poeziasa da prozaze~ (g.alxaziSvili); j. 

Rvinjilias azriT ki, qarTvelma sazogadoebriobam da, kerZod, litera- 

turam dagvianebiT igrZno msoflioSi mimdinare, organulad gancdili 

sulieri Zvrebi, amitomac igi Tvlida, rom siaxleebisaken swrafva samo- 

cianelTa SemoqmedebaSi mxolod qarTuli sulis moTxovnilebis dadas- 

tureba iyo da sxva araferi. erT-erTi mniSvnelovani Tema, romelic 

qarTvel 60-ianelebs anaTesavebs imdroindel dasavlur literaturasTan 

aris martosuli, gaucxoebuli adamianis problema. sazogadoeba da 

pirovneba TiTqos srul harmoniaSia erTmaneTTan, magram es mxolod 

iluziaa, sinamdvileSi personaJebi daRlilebi da martosulebi arian. 

sad unda ipovos XX saukunis boboqari cxovrebis mouwesrigebeli 

garemoTi, urbanizmiT daRlilma adamianma sulis simSvide? – am kiTxvaze 

pasuxi gaucemeli darCa evropuli literaturis iseT cnobil 

warmomadgenlebs rogorebic iyvnen alber kamiu (kamiu, 1990) da Jan-pol 

sartri (sartri, 2006). Mamave dros, calke unda aRiniSnos, rom XX 

saukunis msofliosa da gansakuTrebiT amerikul literaturaSi wamyvani 

adgili daikava mozardis, axalgazrda Taobis safiqralisa da tkivilis 

asaxvam. yuradRebis sagani gaxda ymawvilis samyaros Cveneba, romelic 

cxovrebas xedavs Seuryvneli, faqizi TvaliTa da grZnobiT. 60-iani 

wlebis qarTul mwerlobaSi es tendenciac aisaxa. axalgazrda mwerlebma 

da maT Soris arCil sulakaurma dagvixates bavSvis, mozardi Taobis 

- 140 -

sulieri samyaro, aRbeWdili cxovrebiseuli tragikuli peripetiebiT da 

movlenebiT, gagvacnes maTi TvaliT danaxuli omi, borotebisa da sikeTis 

Widili. 

ase exmianeboda saerTo-sakacobrio problemebs, mxatvruli 

literaturis saSualebiT, qarTveli adamianis tkiviliani safiqrali da 

interesebi. adamianis, pirovnebis Rrma wvdoma, TanamedroveTa moraluri 

saxis piruTvneli Cveneba, axali Temebis damkvidreba da originaluri 

gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis Zieba - ai, ra daisaxa miznad Tavis 

nawarmoebebSi qarTuli mwerlobis axalma Taobam, romelsac 60-ianelebs 

vuwodebT da romlis Rirseuli warmomadgeneli arCil sulakauri iyo. 

a. sulakauris Taobis siaxleebisaken swrafva, ukompromiso Semoqme- 

debiTi principebis, erovnul-moqalaqeobrivi poziciebis, degradirebuli 

zneobriobis aRdgenis cdaSi gamoixata. literatura TandaTan ubrun- 

deboda qarTuli mwerlobis tardiciebs. amitomac ganzogadda 60-ian 

wlebSi Seqmnili literatura saerTo SinaarsiT, rogorc `mxilebisa da 

mitevebis" xana. siaxliT aRbeWdil moTxrobebsa da romanebSi aSkarad 

igrZnoba publicisturi stilic. 

naSromSi naCvenebia, rom arCil sulakauris prozis erT-erTi mniSvne- 

lovani mxatvruli Taviseburebaa sizmriTa da winaTgrZnobiT 

ganpirobebuli movlenebis Sesaxeb Txroba, sadac personaJTa xasiaTebi 

upiratesad maT mier warmosaxuli fantaziiT warmoCindeba. mwerali saT- 

qmels xSirad ise gvawvdis, rom mis àmosacnobad" da gasagebad dafaru- 

li qveteqstis erTgvari `gaSifvra" gvWirdeba. am kuTxiT sainteresoa a. 

sulakauris SemoqmedebaSi sinamdvilisa da warmosaxulis mimarTebis 

sazRvrebis dadgena, maTi urTierTkavSiris mxatvruli logika. Aam 

TvalsazrisiT ganxilulia misi moTxrobebi da romanebi - òqros Tevzi", 

`TeTri cxeni", `luka", àbelis dabruneba", `gabo", `biWi da ZaRli", 

`xidi~, `wyaldidoba~, `pawawina nigvzis toti~, `zeviT da qveviT~, 

`didTovloba~ da a.S. 

mwerlis mier personaJis sizmari, Sinagani xilva dapirispirebulia 

realobasTan, im cxovrebiseul samyarosTan, romelSic daZabuli, 

konfliqturi adamianuri urTierTobebi da mouwesrigebeli socialuri 

yofa arsebobs. berikaci - Zveli memanqane gabo svaneTis ubanSi martod- 

- 141 -

marto cxovrobs. misi erTaderTi imedi patara SviliSvili gugutaa, ro- 

melic susti ZafiviT akavSirebs am samyarosTan moxucis sicocxles. 

gabos sixaruli da bedniereba warsulSi CarCenila, amitomac mxolod 

sizmriseul CvenebebSia berikaci Tavisufali. aseve, lukas sizmari 

erTgvarad winaswarmetyvelebs imaze, rom biWis momavali sasikeTod 

warimarTeba, magram isic miniSnebulia, rom am sikeTemde misaRwevad 

msxverplad Sewirvis, tarigis gza iqneba gasavleli. mwerali asaxavs 

oboli biWis gancdebsa da Rrma dramatizmiT aRsavse bavSvobis wlebs. 

biWis mSfoTvare suli TavSesafars mxolod irealur samyaroSi pou- 

lobs. igi xSirad Tavs sizmriseul zmanebebsa da warmosaxul samyaros 

afarebs, sadac misi pirovneba Tavisufali da amayia, 

a. sulakauris prozaSi yvela sizmari TiTqmis dasrulebuli, calke 

ambavia, romelic simboloebiTaa datvirTuli. sizmarSi nanaxi sagnebi, 

gancdili ambebi meordeba personaJis cxovrebaSic, amitom igi momavlis 

winaswarmetyvelebacaa; magram zogjer pirovnebas ar esmis xilvis iduma- 

li ena, ver igebs gangebis saidumlo niSnebiT metyvelebas, sizmris saxiT 

nawinaswarmetyvelebi momavlis Sesacnobad misi gonebis kari daxSulia, 

igi realobis tyvea. a. sulakaurTan sizmari aris SemaerTebuli samsWva- 

li warsulisa da momavals Soris. samyaros saidumloebaTa ufro naT- 

lad warmosaCenad dResac araerTi mwerali mimarTavs miRebuli 

adamianuri qcevis normebidan gadaxris mqone personaJTa Semoyvanas 

nawarmoebSi. Gg. lomaZis moTxrobis `TabaSiris kaci~ mTavari gmiric 

`sazRvarze mdgari adamiania~, visTvis giJia, zogisTvis ki - savsebiT 

wynari da keTili meocnebe. Jan-pol sartri ki novelaSi òTaxi~ 

gviCvenebs, rom giJebis samyaro arafriT gansxvavdeba normaluri 

adamianis samyarosagan. misi gmirebi Caketilebi arian TavianT 

warmosaxul sivrceSi, sadac sruli harmonia arsebobs irealur da 

realur yofierebas Soris. 

zemoT CamoTvili nawarmoebebis gmirebi, ar aris arsebiTi romeli 

qveynis Svilebi arian, an romel epoqaSi cxovroben; isini Zalian hgvanan 

erTmaneTs, TavianTi miamituri, meocnebe da daukmayofilebeli 

grZnobebiTa da vnebebiT. cnobilia, rom mistikosebi TviTCaRrmavebis, sa- 

kuTar sulSi CaZirvis saSualebiT cdilobdnen da cdiloben im siRrme- 

- 142 -

Ta wvdomas, rac ubralo mokvdavTaTvis miuwvdomelia. mxatvruli lite- 

raturac am siRrmeebis, idumali samyarosaken mimavali uxilavi gzebis 

maradiuli maZiebelia. a. sulakauri Tavisi moTxrobis gmirad SemTxveviT 

ar irCevs giJs, igi xom umTavresad Cveulebrivi yofiT ar cxovrobs. 

giJis sulis kari gaxsnilia iracionaluri xilvebisaTvis. SeSlilobis 

stadiaze adamiani TiTqos aRidgens im saxes, romelic hqonda ucodve- 

lobis Jams, sanam borotisa da keTilis xis nayofs igemebda. paralelebs, 

roca vavlebT fsiqologTa zemoTmotanil dakvirvebebsa da a. sulakau- 

ris SemoqmedebaSi asaxul personaJTa qcevebs Soris, saintereso 

daskvnebis gakeTeba SeiZleba. Aam kuTxiT mniSvnelovania moTxroba 

àbelis dabruneba" da masSi naCvenebi `fsiqologiuri panorama". abeli 

TviTonve elis sakuTari Tavis dabrunebas gadasaxlebidan. arsebobs gao- 

rebis amgvari gancdac, fizikuri mdgomareobisa da sulieri ganwyobis 

ukiduresi dapirispireba, roca kaci TviTonve xedavs sadRac, Sors dar- 

Cenil Tavis Tavs da morCilad elodeba mis dabrunebas. abelma kargad 

icis, ras warmoadgens drois pirobiToba, isic icis, TviTon ramdenadme 

miaRwia zedroulis gagebas. gancdebSi myof personaJs uCndeba warmo- 

saxva, romelic sustad emorCileba azrovnebis kritikul kontrols. 

aseTive rigisaa ananos warmosaxvac. ananos gulTmisan qalad icnobdnen 

sofelSi. igi cxadad xedavda momavals, yoveli misi winaswarmetyveleba 

sityva-sityviT auxda ozos. 

a. sulakaurs Tavis moTxrobebsa da romanebSi Semohyavs iseTi perso- 

naJebic, romlebsac TavianTi konkretuli mxatvruli mizandasaxuleba ga- 

aCniaT – TavianTi idumalebiT da gamorCeulobiT xazi gausvan 

qvecnobieri yofis arsebobas, sxvaTa mzera da grZnoba mimarTon 

arsebuli realobis iqiT gadasaxedad. aseTi saxeebia - jorjaZe, bogdana, 

giJi mTvarisa, saba da anano. adamians aqvs iseTi SegrZneba, rom igi nawi- 

lebad iSleba da garesamyaros uerTdeba. personaJis sxeulis nawilebad 

daSla miTosur planSi warmoadgens aRdgoma-ganaxlebis process da ada- 

mianis ukvdavebis, maradisobis, sicocxlis zeobis daucxromel rwmenas 

da miswrafebas gamoxatavs. 

naSromSi, agreTve, garkveulia, rom a. sulakauris prozaSi tradiciu- 

li `fsiqologiuri motivireba" Sevsebulia aracnobieriT - e. i. `cnobie- 

- 143 -

ebis fsiqologizms" xSirad enacvleba aracnobieriT ganpirobebuli 

fsiqologizmi, rasac mwerali asuraTxatebs simboloebiT da alego- 

riebiT. aq is viTarebaa, roca xiluli da uxilavi samyaro erTmaneTSi 

gadadis, avsebs erTmaneTs. swored es iyo is siaxle, romelic 60-iani 

wlebis qarTul literatuaSi Semoitana a. sulakaurma, romelsac 

`sabWoTa evropeizmi~ uwodes (g. margvelaSvili). 

a. sulakauris personaJebis moqmedebis areali, samyaro, romelSic 

isini cxovroben, mwerlis mier moazrebulia erTgvar gamoqvabulad, Cake- 

til wred, aqvariumis kedlebiT SemosazRvrul sivrced. yuradRebaa ga- 

maxvilebuli imazec, rom a. sulakauris prozaSi asaxuli cxovrebis Suq- 

Crdilebi aSkarad migvaniSnebs adamianis erTgvar dapirispirebaze, ga- 

ucxoebaze arsebuli yofis mimarT. amis safuZveli ki a. sulakauris 

urbanistul msoflgancdaSia mosaZiebeli. aqvariumis Tema laitmotivad 

gasdevs a. sulakauris mTel Semoqmedebas, rogorc prozas, ise poezias. 

mwerlis warmodgenaSi, misi Tanamedrove adamianebis cxovrebis daxSuli 

garemo qmnida aqvariumis SegrZnebas, SemosazRvruli da Caketili siv- 

rcis gancdas. aseTi ganwyobilebaa asaxuli a. sulakauris prozaul na- 

warmoebebSi: `didTovloba", `gabo", `zeviT da qveviT", `Jami dasvenebisa", 

òqros Tevzi" da a.S. 

aqvariumi - rogorc obivateluri yofis metafora - sakmaod rTul 

fsiqologiuri da socialuri Sinaarsis datvirTvas gulisxmobs. aq, 

personaJebisaTvis mSvidi, `mSobliuri", erTferovani garemoa, amitomac 

qveSecneulad am stiqiisaken miiltvis, mxolod am garemoSi grZnobs 

urbanizmiT daRlili gmiri Tavs kargad, aq SeuZlia `fiqrebiT gvema", 

warsulisaTvis Tvalis gadavleba; misTvis mTavaria oTaxis siTbo, 

dagmanuli fanjara, wignebi, SeCveuli garemo. mas aSinebs cxovrebis qa- 

riSxali, moZraoba, Zalisxmeva dabrkolebaTa gadalaxvisaTvis da miT 

gamowveuli sulieri Zvrebi. komfortisaken (aqvariumisken) ltolvam da- 

uClunga gulisyuri, daTrguna masSi maRalzneobrivi Rirsebebi: vaJkac- 

robis survili, gamarjvebisaken swrafva. TandaTanobiT ikveTeba 

mTxrobelis ironia, romlis konteqsts qmnis is modunebuli yofiTi ga- 

remo, sadac gmiri SeyuJula da daTovlil quCas gascqeris. 

- 144 -

Asulakaurma dagvixata personaJebi, romlebic aSkarad `zedmeti ada- 

mianiebi" arian. maT ver ipoves Tavisi adgili verc xelovnebaSi, verc sa- 

zogadoebaSi, verc siyvarulSi. `zedmeti adamiani" gulCaTxrobili, meoc- 

nebe da martosulia, amitomac konfliqti pirovnebasa da sazogadoebas 

Soris gardauvalia. mas ver ugeben, misi ar esmiT; sazogadoebasa 

pirovnebas Soris harmoniaa darRveuli. adamianis martosulobaze xSirad 

saubrobs mwerali da misi personaJebic martodmarto miuyvebian yofie- 

rebis gasavlel gzas. martoobis mZafri SegrZneba erTi mxriv iwvevs su- 

lier depresias, meore mxriv iseT TviTkmayofil ganwyobas, roca mas eC- 

veneba, rom ufro maRla dgas, vidre xalxi, `sxvebi", mas veravin ugebs. 

Cndeba ufskruli pirovnebasa da sazogadoebas Soris. daTo naTiSvilic 

Tavs oqros TevziviT mousvenrad grZnobs, mere ki dainaxavs da darwmun- 

deba, rom misi mSoblebi, mezoblebi, irgvliv myofTa didi umravlesoba 

mxolod moCvenebiTi keTildReobisaTvis zrunaven. aq ganmsazRvrelia Se- 

goneba: `sxvam ar unda icodes, ra xdeba Sens ojaxSi". mTavaria niRbis 

kargad morgeba, romlis safarqveS Turme yvelafris Cadena SeiZleba. mi- 

si ojaxic garegnuli simSvidiTa da wesierebiT SeniRbuli, aSmorebuli 

gube yofila, suls rom uxuTavs adamians. esaa ojaxi, romelmac ar icis 

ra aris patiosneba, sindisi, adamianuri siamayis grZnoba, sikeTe, siyvaru- 

li da mainc, yovelive amis qomagad ki moaqvs Tavi. 

mouwesrigebeli sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebidan gamomdinare 

yofnis SegrZnebis simZafre, sulieri samyaros rRveva, agresia 

erTmaneTis mimarT - yvela es uaryofiTi emocia personaJTaTvis im socia- 

luri garemodan (sabWoTa sinamdvilidan) modis, romelSic pirovneba 

Tavs Tavisuflad ver grZnobs. mwerali migvaniSnebs, rom qveyana, sadac 

ugulvebelyofilia adamianTa TvTgamoxatvis ufleba, SezRudulia maTi 

miswrafebebi da sazogadoebis yvela wevri iZulebulia niRabi ataros, 

ar SeiZleba iqces Tavisufali azrovnebisa da damoukidebeli Taobis aR- 

mzrdel qveyanad. 

meSCanuri da obivateluri ganwyoba adamianis cnobierebaSi mravali 

saxiT mogvevlina, amitomac am Temam XX saukunis 60-70-iani wlebis 

qarTul literaturaSi mTavari adgili daiWira. 

- 145 -

gaCerebuli drois SegrZneba, ùZravi moqmedeba" da cxovrebis uaz- 

roba, SuSis WurWlidan danaxuli samyaros gancda, arasrulyofilebis 

kompleqsi, udroobis SegrZneba da uimedoba - ai, ra Tvisebebis er- 

TobliobiT warmoaCina aqvariumis Tema a. sulakaurma; da rom es asea, 

amis damadasturebelia mwerlis mier aqvariumis ganzogadebuli warmod- 

gena: `Tbili, msubuqi bindi efineboda qalaqs. gegoneboda uzarmazar mi- 

nis WurWeli gamWvirvale, iisferi siTxiT ivseboda, bindSi sagnebi TiT- 

qos TandaTan pataravdebodnen, ikumSebodnen". qalaqi, sadac baramiZeebi 

da maTi msgavsi ojaxebi cxovroben, a. sulakauris mxatvrul azrovnebaSi 

aqvariumis formas Rebulobs. misi mcxovreblebic arafris keTebiT arian 

dakavebulni. dro aqac gaCerebulia da sivrceCaketili. aqaurebic Tev- 

zebiviT arian moqceulni qalaquri yofis garemoSi. maTi cxovrebac uaz- 

ro facifucSi gadis, TiTqos raRacas akeTeben, magram sabolood dros 

mxolod urTierTTvalTvalSi, erTmaneTze WoraobaSi klaven. TiTqos am 

adamianebs erTmaneTi arc uyvarT, isini gaucxovebulan, erTmaneTis 

mtrebad qceulan. mwerals ainteresebs ara, erTi adamianis Sinagani 

samyaros Cveneba, aramed pirovnebebis urTierTobaTa faruli arsi, misi 

Tanamedrove cxovrebiseuli simarTlis wvdoma. 

zemoTnaxsenebi gancda, romelic bediswerasaviT Tan sdevT a. 

sulakauris gmirebs, msoflio gancdad aRiqmeba da,Bbunebrivia, ver 

amoiwureba erTi mwerlis SemoqmedebiT an erTi epoqis sazrunaviT. igi 

saerTo sakacobrio satkivridan iRebs saTaves da erTnairad msWvalavs 

sxvadasxva qveynebSi mcxovreb adamianTa yofas, mizanswrafvas, ocnebebsa 

da sulier aRmafrenas. Tanamedroveobis didi mwerlisa da fsiqologis 

paulo koelios romanSi `veronikam sikvdili gadawyvita~ mwerali, a. 

sulakauris SemoqmedebisaTvis egzom damaxasiaTebeli ganwyobilebiT, 

aRwers aqvariumis sulisSemxuTvel garemos gavlenas Tanamedrove 

adamianis fsiqikaze. aqvariumis garemos momnusxvel, `komfortul~ 

Sinaganawesis savalalo Sedegebze Ggvesaubreba avtori, roca viletis 

(fsiqiatriuli saavadmyofo) yofili binadari, gamojanmrTelebuli 

pacienti, ukve sxva TvaliT afasebs misi wris adamianebis cxovrebas. 

eseni arian qalaqis komfortsa da wesrigs miCveuli misi Tanamedroveni, 

romlebic cdiloben àvzSi~ Cagubebuli wyaliviT icxovron da arasodes 

- 146 -

gascdnen maTTvis kedlebiT Semofarglul napirebs; nawarmoebSi 

vkiTxulobT: 

`gamojanmrTelebuli isev avzSi davbrundi da Tqven gagicaniT... Cven 

aqvariumSi moTavsebuli TevzebiviT gverdigverd vcxovrobdiT da 

bednierebi viyaviT, rom daniSnul dros viRac sakvebs gviyrida da Tuki 

movisurvebdiT, isic SegveZli minis kedlebs gavqceodiT da 

samyarosaTvis Segvexeda... aravis surs icodes ra xdeba aqvariumis 

kedlebs iqiT. Ddidi xnis ganmavlobaSi es mamSvidebda da keTil 

gavlenas axdenda Cemze, magram yvela vicvlebiT da mec Tavgadasavlebis 

saZieblad mominda wasvla, Tumca ukve 65 wlis var da vici, ramden 

winaaRmdegobas Semiqmnis Cemi asaki. me bosniaSi mivemgzavrebi. iq 

adamianebi melian, romelTac jer araferi ician Cem Sesaxeb da arc me 

vicnob maT. mxolod is vici, rom me maT vWirdebi da isic mwams, rom 

erTi Tavganwirva sjobs keTildReobasa da komfortis aTasobiT dRes~ 

(koelio 2005: 188). 

paulo koelios gmiris msgavsad arCil sulakauris ozoc xsnas 

gaqcevaSi xedavs: `maSin, roca iqauroba mivatove da gaviqeci, ar vicodi, 

ras gavurbodi, magram axla Tu gaviqeci, ukve mecodineba, Cans ga- 

vurbivar, veRar vuZleb dagubebul dumils, romelmac ananosTan erTad 

mZime garsSi momaqcia da am garss Tavi rom davaRwio, imedic ara maqvs", - 

ambobs ozo (`TeTri cxeni"). `mkvdruli mdgomareoba" - ase Seafasa a. su- 

lakaurma is samyaro, romelSic mis personaJebs uwevT arseboba da moq- 

medeba. misi gmirebi cdiloben Secvalon awmyo, magram cxovreba gaCe- 

rebulia, sivrce SemosazRvruli, statikuria iseve, rogorc wyali aqva- 

riumSi. oqros Tevzis sityvebiT: `me ukvdavi var, Cemi suli adamianebSi 

icocxlebs" – a. sulakaurma xazi gausva aqvariumis Temis maradiulobas, 

SesaZleblobas, rom momavalSi ara erTxel daubrundebian da axleburad 

gaiazreben aseTi yofis uazrobas. oqros Tevzisa da aqvariumis Temas 

exeba niWieri axalgazrda mwerlis xaTuna TavdgiriZis moTxroba `don 

manueli da oqros Tevzi~ (TavdgiriZe, `Cveni mwerloba~, 2009). mis 

personaJs, ocnebebis Sesrulebis dapireba Zvirad daujda - igi oqros 

Tevzma moatyua, aqvariumSi adgili Seucvala, minis WurWels ki 

gamowyvdeulma Tavi ver daaRwia da masSi gardaicvala. a. sulakauris da 

- 147 -

p. koelios mier aqvariumis yofis gaazreba, am moTxrobaSi axali 

kuTxiTaa danaxuli. aq saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis alegorias 

enacvleba e. w. `Tevzis depresia~, 21-e saukunis uzrunvelyofili 

yofisagan gazarmacebuli adamianis cxovrebis tragedia. 

adamianebi garbian, emalebian problemebs, eZeben xsnas. Aa. sulakauri 

ar mihyveba am gmirebs, ar gviCvenebs momavlis perspeqtivas. rac Seexeba 

oqros Tevzs, mas aqvariumidan gaTavisufleba sicocxlis fasad ujdeba. 

udavoa, rom statikuri dro da aqvariumis uZravi stiqia aris a. sul- 

kauris Tanamedrove cxovrebis anarekli, aqvariumi ki totalitaruli 

saxelmwifos damTrgunveli garemos simboluri gamoxatulebaa. 

a. sulakauris SemoqmedebaSi omis Temas wamyvani adgili uWiravs. 

TiTqmis yvela mis prozaul nawarmoebSi pirdapir Tu arapirdapir 

gamJRavnebuli da asaxulia iseTi STabeWdilebebi, omisagan 

adamianebisaTvis miyenebuli tkivilebiT da mZime sulieri gancdebiT 

rom aris nasazrdoebi. naSromSi naCvenebia, rom moTxrobaSi `talRebi 

napirisken miiswrafian" mwerali Seecada originalurad gaeazrebina kon- 

kretuli adamianis bedisa da omis mkacri realobis urTierTobis 

problema. 

omis Tema Tavad karnaxobda mwerlebs Txrobis eqspesiul stils, 

Tumca am Temaze werisas mravali mwerali ver acda garkveul Stamps, 

ideologiuri zewoliT ganpirobebul yalbi heroikiT azrovnebas. swo- 

red, amas auara gverdi a. sulakaurma da gabeduli novatoruli mignebiT 

Seqmna sruliad axali saxe pirovnebisa da meomrisa. moTxrobaSi 

`talRebi napirisaken miiswrafian~ gmiris sikvdili mkiTxvelSi ar badebs 

sasowarkveTilebis SegrZnebas, mwerali ar gvaZrwunebs naturalisturi 

aRweris mkacri simarTliT, aramed aRZravs amaRlebulis, siamayis, sik- 

vdilis damarcxebis gancdas. jariskacs mTeli arsebiT aqvs Segnebuli, 

rom qveynad yvelaferi warmavalia, sikvdili gardauvalia. aq, am 

SemTxvevaSi, mTavaria ara `ra", aramed `rogor" - jariskacma icis, rom 

mokvdeba da mxolod is afiqrebs, Tu rogor moxdeba es. mas SeiZleba iT- 

qvas `daumarcxeblad sikvdili" unda. 

a. sulakauris am moTxrobaSi analitikuri msjelobiTaa mowodebuli 

sxvisi, mtris sicocxlis xelyofis motivi. jariskacis fiqri, romelSic 

- 148 -

mtrisadmi damokidebulebaa gamJRavnebuli, imdroindel qarTul 

literaturaSi arsebuli Tematikis axleburi gaazrebis mcdelobaa: `mar- 

Tlac ra ginda am kacisagan? - gauelva jariskacs fiqrma. rogor SeiZ- 

leba mokla kaci, romelic SensaviT ar fiqrobs, SensaviT ar azrovnebs, 

romelsac sxvanairad esmis cxovreba? mere ra rom Sen iaraRi gaqvs xel- 

Si, Zala gvaqvs da is Senze sustia... Tu Sen marTali xar, daarwmune, 

daajere, rom marTali xar. simarTles advilad grZnoben, xvdebian, mas 

ar unda iaraRi... arc maTraxi...~ 

momakvdavis arsebaSi erTmaneTs ebrZvis siZulvili da siyvaruli. 

mtris ganadgurebis survili, SurisZieba, icvleba monaniebis grZnobiT 

da, garkveuli situaciis gamo, mtris siyvarulis gancdiT. ra Tqma unda, 

arCil sulakauris jariskacs amoZravebs qristianuli morali da mimte- 

veblobis didi niWi. omi aiZulebs adamianebs kaciskvlasa da sisxlis 

Rvras, amitomac danaSaulis grZnoba mTeli cxovreba ar tovebs 

moazrovne pirovnebas da uSfoTebs sicocxles. Aasea es g. fanjikiZis 

moTxrobaSi `reqviemi~ (fanjikiZe 2003). mTavri gmiri Tornike 

Secbunebuli dascqeris mkerdze mibneul ordenebs da SviliSvilis 

SekiTxvaze - `babu, ramdeni kaci gyavs mokluli?~ - pasuxs ver cems. 

a. sulakauris am moTxrobaSi `mtredebi" xazgasmulad igrZnoba mwer- 

lis is saocari lirizmi, romelic mas, rogorc poets, swored, poezii- 

dan gadmohyva prozaSi. moTxrobaSi e. w. `zurgis" cxovrebaa ga- 

cocxlebuli. omisdroindeli Tbilisis yofiT fonze momxdari ambis 

TxrobiT mwerali gvaziarebs adamianuri ubraloebis, TanagrZnobis sike- 

Tisa da sulieri sisufTavis momxiblav silamazes. 

lukac TbilisSi, mtkvris napirze gazrdili biWia. omma Secvala 

cxovrebis ritmi da adamianebis guneba-ganwyobileba. ubanma Zveli 

sixalise da lazaTi dakarga. is biWebi, romelTa xumroba da Rrianceli 

mTeli mtkvris sanapiros iklebda, omSi gaiwvies, quCebi dacarielda, gai- 

rinda da irgvliv moulodnelobis gaurkveveli molodiniT gaiJRinTa 

haeri. òmi daiwyo" - es fraza elvasavTi gamokrTeba moTxrobis idiliur 

eqspoziciaSi da Cven vxedavT, Tu TandaTan rogor icvleba adamianTa su- 

lieri yofa. omis ulmobelobaze luka pirvelad maSin dafiqrda, roca 

qarTulis maswavlebelma kategoriulad mosTxova, dedaSeni gamocxaddes 

- 149 -

skolaSio. dedamisi ki omis dawyebamde xuTi dRiT adre gaemgzavra ukra- 

inaSi meuRlis sanaxavad da ugzo-ukvlod daikarga. 

naSromSi xazi aqvs gasmuli imas, rom a. sulakaurma omis im qar- 

cecxlian dReebSic dainaxa cxovrebiseuli lirizmi, aRmoaCina mSvenie- 

reba adamianuri urTierTobebisa, romelic yvelaze mZime wuTebSic ki 

ganuyrelad Tan sdevs mis mier daxatul personaJTa yoveldRiur yofas. 

a. sulakauri moRvaweobda e. w. `sabWoTa periodSi~, amitom man gar- 

kveuli xarki mouxada gabatonebul ideologias, Tumca Tavis nawar- 

moebebiT cdilobda win aRdgomoda mis Tanamedrove sulisSemxuTvel at- 

mosferos. unda iTqvas, rom mweralma gabeda Sexeboda maSin oficiozis 

mier tabudadebul warsulis Temas da mamxilebeli paTosiT 

gamsWvaluli Txzulebebi gamoaqveyna. Aa. sulakauris prozaul qmni- 

lebebSi laparakia im Ria Wrilobebze, romlebic jer bolSevikurma in- 

tervenciam da Semdeg sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier `Secdomebad monaT- 

lulma" saxelisuflebo politikam dautova qarTvel xalxs, mis 

inteligencias. mwerali mogviTxrobs im adamianebi warsulze, romlebmac 

Tavs Tavze gamoscades bolSevikuri represiebis wlebis damTrgunveli 

simZime. naSromSi specialuri msjlobis sagnadaa qceuli mwerlis 

moTxrobebsa da romanebSi warmoCenili koleqtivizaciis savalalo Sede- 

gebi (`TeTri cxeni"); represirebul udanaSaulo adamianTa cxovrebis pe- 

ripetiebi (àbelis dabruneba"); samamulo omis Semdeg ukanonod dapatim- 

rebul da gadasaxlebul yofil jariskacTa dramatizmiT aRsavse awmyo 

(òqros Tevzi") da a. S. a. sulkauris gmirebs totalitarul saxelmwifo- 

Si arCevanis ufleba ara aqvT, amitomac isini daTrgunulebi da gao- 

rebulebi arian. 

a. sulakauris moTxrobis àbelis dabruneba" mTavari personaJi 

abeli Tvrameti wlis gadasaxlebis Semdeg brundeba mSobliur qalaqSi. 

mas dauClunges Tavdacvis instinqti, igi rogorc pirovneba ganadgu- 

rebulia: `Sen kaci aRara xar - Caesmis idumali xma - Sen araferi aRara 

xar~. Tvrameti weli golgoTis gziT atara abeli cxovrebam, magram erT 

dRes uTxres, rom udanaSaulo iyo. Tavzari daeca abels, gaSeSebuli id- 

ga da xmis amoRebas ver bedavda. personaJis sulieri tragizmi kidev uf- 

- 150 -

o Rrmavdeba, roca sakuTar ojaxSi nacnobi nivTebis garda Sinauri 

aravin daxvda. 

mogvianebiT, mweralma jemal qarCxaZem Tavisi romaniT 

`ganzomileba~, 1937 wlis avbediTi dReebis msxverplTa Tavgadasavals 

kidev erTi ojaxis – didebuliZeebis istoriac miumata. 

a. sulakauris romanSi òqros Tevzi" mirianic im ganukiTxaobis 

msxverpli xdeba, romelic mudam Tan sdevda erTi ideologiiT SeboWil 

sazogadoebas. am sazogadoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo moCvenebiTi ke- 

TildReoba, siyalbeze damyarebuli xalxTa Zmobis qadageba da plaka- 

tebze gamosaxuli bednieri RimiliT xalxis ukmayofilebis miCqmalva. 

a. sulakauris mier daxatul personaJTa pirovnul samyaros, urTier- 

Tdamokidebulebebs da azrovnebis wess lodiviT awevs arsebuli Tu gan- 

vlili wlebis simZime. maT cxovrebas gaunyrelad Tan sdevs zafris 

momgvreli mniSvnelobis sityva - àkrZalulia". swored, amkrZalvelis, 

cenzoris Tvalis axvevis surviliT unda avxsnaT a. sulakauris da, 

saerTod, misi Taobis mweralTa SemoqmedebaSi, kritikuli azrovnebis 

gabundovanebis mcdeloba, arsebuli sinamdvilis mimarT protestis qve- 

teqstebiTa da miniSnebebiT gamoxatvisadmi miswrafeba, rac, sabednierod, 

maTi mxatvrul prozisaTvis yovelTvis damaxasiaTebeli ar aris. 

a. sulakauri eZebda da amkvidrebda gamosaxvis axal formebs qarTul 

prozaSi. naSromSi warmoCenilia a. sulakauris prozis poetikis mravali 

Tavisebureba - yuradRebaa gamaxvilebuli Txrobis poetur stilze, 

detalis warmoCenisa da portretis xatvis ostatobaze. 

a. sulakauri xSirad mimarTavs personaJTa Sinagan monologebs; aseve 

misTvis niSandoblivia dialoguri metyvelebac. dialogi, mweralTan 

mxatvruli asaxvis prioritetul formad gvevlineba. 

òqros Tevzi", `TeTri cxeni", `luka", `wyaldidoba", `biWi da ZaRli", 

`mtredebi", `Jami dasvenebisa", `didi sefedavle~ da sxva moTxrobebis, 

romanebis personaJTa sasaubro ena datvirTulia Sinaganad daZabuli, 

`mravalxmiani~ replikebiT. dialogebis meSveobiT vecnobiT momaval Tu 

ukve momxdar faqtebs, Tvals vadevnebT movlenaTa ganviTarebas. dialog- 

Si SeiZleba igrZnobodes iseTi qveteqstic, romelic mkiTxvels exmareba 

personaJis xasiaTis gaxsnaSi. a. sulakauri, rogorc zemoT iTqva, xSirad 

- 151 -

arRvevs realobis CarCoebs da irealur, warmosaxviT Seqmnil dialogSi, 

monawile meore mxared cxovelTa samyaros warmomadgenlebic gamohyavs. 

Tevzis garda mwerali Tavis personaJebs adamianis erTgul megobars, 

ZaRlsac asaubrebs. magaliTad, nagazi intuiciiT xvdeba yovelives da, 

rogorc Semdeg davinaxavT, biWs sikeTes daufasebs. personaJebi mxolod 

erTmaneTs rodi elaparakebian, isini, upirveles yovlisa, CvenTvis, 

mkiTxvelisTvis saubroben, amitomac dialogs eniWeba funqcia, 

gagvimJRavnos moqmed gmirTa sxvadasxva poziciebis marTebuloba 

zneobrivi TvalsazrisiT, gviCvenos sakuTari azris dacvis unari sxvis 

azrTan dapirispirebasa da WidilSi. 

a. sulakauri peizaJis - cocxali bunebisa Tu urbanistuli xedebis - 

xatvis ostatia. unda aRvniSnoT a. sulakauris prozaSi bunebis suraTis 

xatvis erTi Taviseburebac. Qqalaquri yofisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

garemo, misi xedebi, e. w. ucvleli dekoraciebi, xSirad gacocxlebulia 

bunebasTan asociaciuri kavSirebiT, masTan Sedarebis gziT. Ria 

fanjridan mosrolili qaRaldis dafleTili nakuwebis cvena akaciis 

yvavilebis farfatTan aris Sedarebuli; Spalerze mixatul yviTel 

vardebs saidanRac Semofrenili Wia-maia aacocdeba; Rameuli qlaqis xedi 

ki gaCaxCaxebul xomalds mohgavs. 

a. sulakauris Txrobis stilisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia detalze 

yuradRebis gamaxvileba. mwerali gansakuTrebuli, niSandoblivi deta- 

lebiT gvixatavs mTavari gmiris Cacmulobas an misi sacxovrebel 

garemos. a. sulakauri prozaSi poeziidan movida da Tan moitana poezii- 

saTvis damaxasiaTebeli xatvis manera, adamianis sulieri moZraobis 

faqizi niuansebisadmi gansakuTrebuli interesi. a. sulakauris 

moTxrobebsa da romanebSi daxatul adamianTa arsebaSi xSirad xdeba 

warsuliT nasazrdoeb, Rirseul, amaRlebul grZnobebTan gamoTxoveba; 

ufasurdebian tradiciuli Rirebulebebi, fermkrTaldebian Zveli 

mogonebebi, magram mwerlis gamarjveba isaa, rom am did sulier Zvrebs 

Tan axlavs zneobrivi ganaxleba, axali adamianis dabadeba. tragikuli 

peripetiebis Semdeg iwyeba gmiris sulieri cxovrebis xelaxali aRorZi- 

neba, iwyeba gmiris sulieri kaTarzisi. 

- 152 -

a. sulakauri im SemoqmedTa kategorias ekuTvnis, romelTac gansakuT- 

rebiT hqondaT gamaxvilebuli zneobrivi pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba. amas 

mowmobs misi gmirebis anduyafaris, bogdanas, lukas, gias, jariskacis, 

lados, daTos, gelas, gogis, lias, ananos, ozosa da sxvaTa poetizi- 

rebuli, moralurad srulyofili saxeebi. 

a. sulakauris prozis poeturobis ganapirobebs isic, rom mwerali 

TiTqos umniSvnelo romelime detals, epizods, momxdar faqts, raime 

SemTxvevas, zRaprulobis, gansakuTrebulobis elferiT mosavs, riTac 

vlindeba mTxrobelis romantikuli ganwyobileba, misi miswrafeba 

CveulebrivSi dainaxos araCveulebrivi, amaRlebuli. 

sadisertacio naSromSi gansakuTrebuli yuradRebaa miqceuli im 

simboloebze, romlebic mwerlis gamorCeul, originalur saxeobriv da 

metaforul azrovnebas qmnian. simboluri mniSvnelobisaa lukas, daTos 

sizmari, aseve, simboluria dakarguli mtredebis dabruneba moTxrobaSi 

`mtredebi". 

saintereso metaforul saxes warmoadgens mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi 

mTvare; mis poeziaSic xSirad gvxvdeba mTvariT sxivfenili samyaro, mTva- 

riani Rame, fanjridan gafrenili Tu `ToTo CviliviT" mklavebze miZi- 

nebuli mTvaris xateba. 

mTvare a. sulakaurTan iZens im mniSvnelobas, romlis Sinaarsi 

iTavsebs da idumali mizidulobiT gansazRvravs adamianur yofierebas, 

misi arsebobis sazriss. mTvare da yviTeli feri, ufro swored maTi 

erTianoba, qmnis azrisa da grZnobis im idumal urTierTkavSirs, romlis 

erTianobaSic sicocxlis maradiuli wyurvili da siyvarulis gadamrCeni 

Zala igulisxmeba. mniSvnelovania am kuTxiT mTvarisas monologi 

moTxrobidan `luka". 

aseve, a. sulakaurTan mdinares, wylis stiqias, konkretulad mtkvris 

saxes, gansakuTrebuli daniSnuleba eniWeba. `maradiuli mdinare" a. sula- 

kauris prozaSi mxatvrul saxed aris qceuli. amasTan erTad, wylis sti- 

qia am SemTxvevaSi aRiqmeba, rogorc gamoxatuleba medinobisa da warmav- 

lobisa; igi samyaros cvlilebis, moZraobisa da mudmivi ganaxlebis xati- 

a. mwerlis TiTqmis yvela prozaul nawarmoebSi wyals - mdinares, umTav- 

resi adgili uWiravs (`luka", `biWi da ZaRli", `wyaldidoba", `Rame 

- 153 -

yabaxze", `TeTri cxeni"). mtkvars, rogorc drois usasrulobis damtevs, 

Tanabrad moaqvs sisxli da cremli (anduyafaris daRrCoba mtkvarSi, 

cxenebis daRrCoba alazanSi, nagazis daRupva); sixaruli da bedniereba: 

(`biWi da ZaRli", `luka", `wyaldidoba"). anduyafari inTqmeba adidebul 

mtkvarSi. am personaJis wyalSi daRrCoba simboluri mniSvnelobisaa, 

radgan wylis stiqiaSi Sesvla kvlav aRorZinebis sibrZnis Semcvelia. mi- 

Tosur planSi es aqti adamianis maradisobis, sicocxlis zeobis da- 

ucxromeli rwmena da himnia. es poeturi simbolo - wyalSi STanTqmisa da 

xelaxla aRorZinebisa - dakavSirebulia mTvarisas da misi arqetipis izi- 

das maradiuli ganaxlebis ciklTan, rac TavisTavad gazafxulze xdeba. 

moTxrobaSi `wyaldidoba" adidebuli mtkvris msxverpli xdeba stefanes 

wisqvilic. mtkvarma, maradiulma mdinarem, waleka Zveli, warmavali cxov- 

rebis simbolo, aRgava igi pirisagan miwisa, masTan erTad sxva wisqvi- 

lebic amTavreben TavianT arsebobas; wyaldidobis dros adidebul ala- 

zanSi iRupeba cxenebis didi nawili ioTamis yofili cxensaSenidan 

(`TeTri cxeni"). cxenTa remis mdinaris adidebul talRebSi Caxocvis su- 

lisSemZvreli ambavi gaiazreba, rogorc simbolo gayiduli, iZulebiT 

damcirebuli, TavisuflebawarTmeuli saqarTvelosi. romanSi aSkarad 

simboluria, agreTve, ananos monaTxrobi wiTeli mamlis Sesaxeb. wiTeli 

mamali miTosur frinvelad iTvleba. is sknels, e. i. sicocxles ukavSir- 

deba. amasTan erTad igi sikvdilis kultTanac aris asocirebuli. 

sadisertacio naSromSi naCvenebia, rom cxeni, mTvare, mamali, mtre- 

debi, cxvari, mdinare, wyali, xidi, gza, gzajvaredini. - es is simboloebi 

da alegoriebia, romlebsac mwerali xSirad mimarTavs dafaruli Tu mis- 

tiuri azris gadmosacemad, saTqmelis mkiTxvelamde originalurad misa- 

tanad. 

- 154 -

gamoyenebuli literatura: 

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w. 6. IX. 

2. alxaziSvili g., `Cveni mwerloba~, 2009 15 maisi, # 10 

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raturuli saqarTvelo", 1999 w. 16-23. IV. 

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gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1977 w. 

5. barTaia e., bolokeTili novelebi, àxalgazrda komunisti", 1979 w. 20. 

III. 

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wrafian"), literaturuli gazeTi, 1959 w., 16. I. 

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10. gaCeCilaZe g., sami silueti, `literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1986 w. 11. 

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11. gverdwiTeli g., sami avtori - sami romani, `mnaTobi", 1966 w. #8. 

12. gverdwiTeli g., tradiciulobac da siaxlec, `mnaTobi", 1981 w. #9. 

13. gverdwiTeli g., arCil sulakauris moTxrobebi, ciskari, 1962 w., #11 

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38. nikoleiSvili a., fiqrebi Tanamedrove qarTul lirikaze, 

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- 156 -

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- 157 -

75. javaxiSvili q., mamaCemi mixeil javaxiSvili, gamomcemloba `merani~, 

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quTaisis akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti maia qobulaZe

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