xelovnebaTmcodneobiTi etiudebi STUDIES IN ART CRITICISM II

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro 

SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti 

Hhumanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti 

xelovnebis fakulteti 

xelovnebis Teoriisa da istoriis departamenti 

samecniero Sromebis krebuli 

xelovnebaTmcodneobiTi 

etiudebi 

STUDIES IN ART CRITICISM 

II 

gamomcemloba ùniversali~ 

Tbilisi 2009

edaqtori - maia WiWileiSvili 

tomis redaqtori - ermile mesxia 

pasuxismgebeli mdivani - manuCar loria 

saredaqcio kolegia: 

marina giorgaZe 

qeTevan gogolaZe 

sofio TavaZe 

vasil kiknaZe 

xaTuna managaZe 

lela oCiauri 

Tamar siraZe 

zaza xalvaSi 

ISSN 1987-5851 

gamomcemloba ùniversali~, 2009 

Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 22 36 09, 8(99) 17 22 30 

E-mail: universal@internet.ge 

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xelovnebaTmcodneoba 

maia WiWileiSvili 

saeklesio xuroTmoZRvrebis Zeglebi 

ganviTarebuli Sua saukuneebis aWaraSi 

Sua saukuneebis qarTuli arqiteqturis ganviTarebis 

mxatvrul-stilisturi Taviseburebani SedarebiT srulad 

saeklesio xuroTmoZRvrebaSi aisaxa. miuxedavad imisa, rom 

aWaraSi gamovlenili saeklesio arqiteqturis nimuSebis 

umetesoba dReisaTvis mTlianad dangreulia, werilobiTi 

wyaroebi da gadmocemebi mowmoben, rom aWara, iseve, rogorc 

saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebi, mdidari samSeneblo tradiciebiT 

gamoirCeoda. amis damadastureblad abuserisZe tbelis 

TxzulebaSi daculi cnobebic kmara (musxeliSvili 1941). 

aWaraSi ganviTarebuli Sua saukuneebis saintereso Zeglia 

xinowmindis ioane naTlismcemlis eklesia, romelic mdinare 

kintriSis Senakadis - sakirisRelis marjvena napirze 

mdebareobs. 1 vaxuSti batoniSvili werda: "xinos ars eklesia 

gunbaTiani, keTildidSeni, kargs adgils. zis episkopozi, 

mwyemsi xinoswylis samxreTis Woroxamde" (aRwera 1973:791). 

d. baqraZe, romelmac Zegli 1874 wels naxa, uaryofs eklesiis 

gumbaTianobas da mas darbazul taZrad miiCnevs (baqraZe 

1987:83-84). aRniSnuli cnobebisa da taZris dRevandeli 

mdgomareobis Sejereba mowmobs, rom salocavi saukuneebis 

ganmavlobaSi araerTxel gadaukeTebiaT. amJamad xinowmindis 

eklesia dangreulia, alag-alag kedlebis simaRle 2-3 

metrs aRwevs. mas ar SemorCenia kamarebi da gadaxurvis elementebi. 

nagebobis sigrZe 18, xolo sigane 10 metria. eklesias 

ori Sesasvleli aqvs - samxreTidan da dasavleTidan. darbazs 

aRmosavleTiT erTvis sakurTxeveli Rrma bemiT, rom- 

1 Zeglis gawmendiTi samuSaoebi 1989-1990 ww. ganxorcielda 

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis baTumis n. berZeniSvilis 

saxelobis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis arqeologiuri 

eqspediciis mier (xelmZRvaneli — g.TavamaiSvili).. 

3

lis CrdiloeTiT da samxreTiT sworkuTxa formis sadiakvne 

da samkveTlo, xolo dasavleTiT "jibeebis" msgavsi sadgomebia 

mowyobili. Signidan kedlebi uxeSad damuSavebuli wvrili 

qvebiTaa nagebi, xolo nagebobis konstruqciuli detalebi 

- naxevarsvetebi da Riobebi ufro didi zomis gaTlili 

qvebiT. fasadebi Tarazuli wyobis qvis kvadrebiTaa Semosili; 

zogan rigebis sisworisaTvis wvrili qvebi da baTqaSia Camatebuli. 

zomebis mixedviT naTelia, rom eklesia mozrdil 

nagebobas warmoadgenda. mas Tavdapirvelad samnaviani bazilikis 

forma hqonda (WaniSvili 1998). eklesiis sivrce sami 

wyvili svetis ritmuli monacvleobiT sam navad iyofoda. garedan 

Sua navs orferda, xolo gverdiT navebs calqanoba gadaxurva 

hqonda. bazilikuri salocavebi qarTul arqiteqturaSi, 

ZiriTadad, adreqristianuli xanidan XI saukunemde 

igeba (bolnisis sioni - Vs., urbnisi, Tbilisis anCisxati - VI 

s., qvabisxevi - IX-X ss-is mijna, urTa, oTxTa eklesia, parxali 

- X s. da sxv.), Semdgom periodSi ki bazilikebi erTeuli nimu- 

Sebis saxiT gvxvdeba, radgan wamyvani mniSvneloba gumbaTovan 

taZrebs eniWeba. xinowmindis eklesia SedarebiT gviani xanis 

bazilikebis ricxvs miekuTvneba. grZivi RerZis damoklebis 

tendencia, proporciebi, boZebis Tavisufali ganlageba, 

mSeneblobis teqnika, qvis wyobis xasiaTi xinowmindis eklesias 

gardamavali xanis qarTuli arqiteqturis bolo etapis - 

IX-X ss. nimuSebTan aaxloebs. sayuradReboa isic, rom eklesiis 

aRmSenebloba Semdegac grZeldeba. amas adasturebs samxreTi 

minaSenis gawmendisas aRmoCenili reliefuri qandakebis 

nimuSebi — mamakacTa skulpturuli Tavebi, romelTa TariRi, 

mxatvrul-stilisturi analizis safuZvelze, X-XI ssis 

mijniT ganisazRvreba. 

saqarTveloSi Seiqmna bazilikis originaluri tipi, e.w. 

sameklesiani bazilika, romelic ar gvxvdeba bizantiuri samyaros 

sxva qveynebSi. aseT SenobebSi erTmaneTisagan kedlebiT 

izolirebuli sami damoukidebeli samlocveloa gaer- 

Tianebuli. es Tema qarTul arqiteqturaSi popularulia, 

ZiriTadad, XI saukunemde. aWaraSi daculia am tipis erTaderTi 

nimuSi - Txilvanis abuserisZeTa sagvareulo eklesia 

(mamulaZe 1993: 87-89, 112-114). taZari sxalTiswylis xeobis 

saTaveebTan, xixanis cixidan 5 km-is daSorebiT idga. timpanis 

4

warwera gvamcnobs, rom eklesia ioane maxareblis saxelze 

iyo agebuli: “wmindao iovane maxarobelo, daicaven suliTa 

da xorciTa erisTavT-erisTavi abuseri da dedofali vaneni 

da Ze maTi zaqaria, da Svilni maTni da yoveli eri maTi da moxaiSne 

eqmen. dResa amisa sasjelisa nu dasji amin”. Txilvanis 

eklesiis timpanis qva amJamad baTumis saxelmwifo muzeumSia 

daculi (# 15675, zomebi: 2,5 x 1,25 x 0,20 m). timpanis qvis garda 

Txilvanis taZridan SemorCenilia mxolod orsafexuriani 

cokoli da kedlebis wyobis naSTebi. sworkuTxa gegmis 

(zomebi: 13 X 11,5) mqone nagebobis navebi aRmosavleTiT afsidebiT 

sruldeba. Sua navi gverdiTebze orjer ganieria. Sesasvlelebi 

gaWrilia samxreTidan da dasavleTidan. Ggaredan 

taZari sworkuTxedSi iyo Cawerili. arqiteqturuli detalebis 

mixedviT Cans, rom, misi ageba ganviTarebuli Sua saukuneebis 

periods ukavSirdeba. eklesiis grZivi kedlebi, 

cxovelxatuli stilis Zeglebis msgavsad, kamaris sabjeni 

TaRebis profilirebuli pilastrebiT iyo danawevrebuli. 

nagebobis naSTebi maRali samSeneblo kulturis maniSnebelia. 

saZirkveli nagebia 1,5-2 m sifarTis, xolo cokoli SesaniSnavad 

damuSavebuli sxvadasxva zomis qvebiT. kedlebis Siga 

da gare zedapiri mopirkeTebulia kargad gaTlili qvis 

kvadrebiT, romelTa Soris sivrce kirxsnariTa da natexi 

qvebiTaa Sevsebuli. D 

nagebobis TariRis dasadgenad mniSvnelovania timpanis 

morTulobis mxatvrul-stilisturi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswineba. 

Txilvanis eklesiis timpanis qva warmoadgens Ta- 

Rovani formis monoliTur filas, romelsac horizontalurad 

ganTavsebuli Svidstriqoniani warwera da ornamentuli 

arSia amkobs. timpanis CuqurTma koncentruli wreebisa da 

soliseburi foTlis motivebisagan Sedgeba. ornamentis es 

saxe, ZiriTadad, X-XI saukuneebSia gavrcelebuli (niqozi, 

dodoTi, tbeTi, iSxani, didi diRomi, zeda varZia, exvevi, savane, 

kacxi da sxv.) da XI saukunis Sua xanebidan TiTqmis aRar 

gvxvdeba (beriZe 1942: 45, 111). es motivi xSirad gamoiyeneba 

portalTa damagvirgvinebeli arSiebis, karnizebis, Tavsar- 

Tebis, kvarcxlbekisa da impostebis Sesamkobad. saqarTveloSi 

gavrcelebulia am motivis mcenareuli da geometriuli 

variantebi. Txilvanis eklesiis timpanze warmodgenili 

5

motivis geometriuli varianti - samriga wreebiTa da grZeli 

solebiT, msgavsebas povebs X-XI saukuneebis ZeglebTan (iSxani, 

dodoTi, zeda varZia, zeda Tmogvi, safaris wm. stefane, 

exvevi da sxv.). aseTive ornamentis mcenareuli saxeebi ki, 

umetesad, XI s-is nimuSebSi gvxvdeba (manglisis, samTavros, 

sveticxovlis, kacxis, nikorwmindis savanesa da sxva). ornamentuli 

motivisa da TaRovani arSiis damreci zedapiris Sexameba 

gamomsaxvelobas aniWebs Txilvanis taZris timpans. 

lapidaruli warwerebiTa da CuqurTmiT morTuli aseTi timpanebi, 

umTavresad, X-XI saukuneebis ZeglebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli 

(qoreTis RmrTaebis eklesia, iSxani, dodoTi - 

X s., didi kldeisi — XI s. da sxv.). Txilvanis taZris xuroTmoZRvruli 

gadawyveta, samSeneblo teqnika, arqiteqturuli 

detalebi miuTiTeben, rom eklesiac X—XI ss-is mijnaze unda 

iyos agebuli. lapidarul warweraSi moxseniebuli saero pirebic 

- erisTavT-erisTavi abuseri da dedofali vaneni, savaraudod, 

amave periodSi moRvaweobdnen. istoriuli wyaroebidan 

cnobilia, rom abuser erisTavi XI s-Si artanujis, xixanis, 

cixisjvarisa da awyuris cixeebis patroni iyo (qar- 

Tlis cxovreba 1955: 300; qarTlis cxovreba 1942: 187; sixaruliZe 

1979: 9-10). Txilvanis eklesiis Semdgomi aRmSeneblobis 

periodi XIII saukunes ukavSirdeba. abuserisZe tbelis 

Txzulebidan irkveva, rom ioane maxaroblis eklesia XIII s-is 

pirvel naxevarSi, tbelis das — dedofalT-dedofal vanens 

aRudgenia: “... da diofal-dioflisa, disave Cuemisa vanenisa, 

romelman eklesiaÁ aRaSena wmidisa iovane maxareblisa da 

RmrTismetyuelisa, samkvidrebeli Cueni da aRavso sawyauli 

keTili” (sixaruliZe 1981:13). 

ganviTarebuli Sua saukuneebis aWaraSi arqeologiuri 

gaTxrebis Sedegad gamovlenili sakulto salocavebis Ziri- 

Tad nawils darbazuli eklesiebi Seadgendnen. dResaTvis 

arsebuli masalebiT irkveva, rom erTnaviani eklesiebi aWariswylis 

xeobaSi, umetesad, IX-X saukuneebidan igeba. aRniSnuli 

faqti, ganviTarebuli Sua saukuneebis periodSi ma- 

RalmTiani aWaris dawinaurebasa da aqtiur kulturul 

cxovrebaze metyvelebs. es bunebrivia, radgan istoriuli 

pirobebi, saqarTvelos erT-erT Zlier kuTxesTan - taoklarjeTTan 

mezobloba da mWidro urTierTobebi xels uw- 

6

yobda am patara regionis ayvavebas da mis CarTvas aqtiur politikur, 

ekonomikur Tu kulturul procesebSi. Tumca, 

kuTxis aseTi dawinaureba ar gamoixata masStaburi taZrebisa 

Tu monastrebis mSeneblobaSi. mTian aWaraSi aqcenti, ZiriTadad, 

mcire salocavebze keTdeba, raSic mTis regionebisaTvis 

(svaneTi, raWa, samxreT-aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo — 

SavSeT-imerxevi) damaxasiaTebeli tendencia Cans. (Беридзе 

1981:35-43). aWariswylis xeobis monacemebiT SesaZlebelia 

ganvixiloT darbazuli tipis ganviTarebisa da saeklesio nagebobebis 

xuroTmoZRvrebis Taviseburebani. Tumca, saeklesio 

Zeglebis irgvliv msjeloba gasuli saukunis 70-80-ian 

wlebSi Catarebuli gaTxrebis Sedagad mopovebul masalebs 

efuZneba da ramdenadme moklebulia im siRrmes, rac, metnaklebad 

sruli saxiT daculi nimuSebis kvlevisas aris SesaZlebeli. 

arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedagad gamovlenil 

Zeglebs Soris SedarebiT adreuli unda iyos Tikanauris eklesia, 

romelic sof. xixaZirTan axlos, md. sxalTiswylis 

marcxena mxares idga (mamulaZe 1993: 85-86; WiWileiSvili 

2007: 7-13). igi warmoadgenda mcire zomis “uafsido” nagebobas 

(zomiT 7,7x 5,1 m.) SesasvleliT samxreTidan. martivi, 

sworkuTxa formis Senoba qvis lorfinebiT daburuli orferda 

saxuraviT unda yofiliyo daxuruli. kargad gaTlili 

perangis qvebi da saxuravis lorfinebi samSeneblo teqnikis 

maRal doneze miuTiTeben. eklesia, savaraudod, arqeologiuri 

masalisa da samSeneblo teqnikis gaTvaliswinebiT, 

IX-X ss-is mijnaze iyo agebuli. 

qronologiurad amave periods ukavSirdeba sacixuris 

eklesia, romelic Rorjomiswylis xeobaSi, daba xulodan 

15 km-is daSorebiT idga. salocavi warmoadgenda momcro nagebobas 

(zomiT: 8x5 m). dRes eklesia perangSemoclili kedlebis 

amaraa darCenili. igi nagebia sakmaod mozrdili qvebiT 

momzadebul saZirkvelze. Sesasvleli kari gaWrilia eklesiis 

samxreT-dasavleT monakveTSi. sakurTxevelis centrSi gaWrilia 

erTi sarkmeli, xolo gverdebze mowyobilia mcire niSebi. 

eklesiis gare moxazuloba sworkuTxaa. orsafexuriani cokoli 

sxvadasxva zomis kargad damuSavebuli qvebiTaa nagebi, cokoli 

da kedlebi mowiTalo tufis kvadrebiT iyo mopirkeTe- 

7

uli (mamulaZe 1993: 91-96; mamulaZe 2000: 91-93). nagebobis arqiteqturisaTvis 

saxasiaTo niSnebi - interieris grZivi kedlebis 

TaRovani niSebisa da pilastrebis gareSe warmodgena, 

eqsterieris gadawyvetaSi Setanili feradovani aqcentebi 

gvavaraudebinebs, rom sacixuris eklesia IX-Xss unda iyos agebuli. 

Rorjomiswylis xeobaSi saeklesio nagebobebisaTvis 

adgilis SerCevis garkveuli tradiciac ikveTeba. salocavebis 

umetesoba (qurduli, vanaZeebi, gelauri, sacixuri, namonastrevi 

da sxv.) mTis qedebis yvelaze cxovelxatul da SemaRlebul 

adgilebzea agebuli. isini, rogorc cixesimagreebi, 

erTmaneTTan gadabmul jaWvs qmnian, zevidan gadmohyureben 

xeobas da mTis ferdobebze Sefenil soflebs. mTis 

”mwvervalebze” eklesiebis ganTavsebis tendencia, SesaZloa, 

ara marto Rorjomiswylis xeobis siviwroviTa da mTagorianobiT 

(xeobis vake adgilebi, ZiriTadad, samosaxloebad, saTibebad 

da saxnav-saTesebad aris gamoyenebuli), aramed strategiuli 

da, garkveulad, mxatvruli mosazrebebiT iyo ganpirobebuli 

(WiWileiSvili, 2007, 7-13). 

X-XI saukuneebis mijnidan aWaraSi SeiniSneba darbazuli 

eklesiebis dagegmarebis ganviTarebis tendencia, rac, ZiriTadad, 

samxreTi fasadis gaswvriv grZeli minaSenis dakanonebaSi 

gamoixata. ganviTarebuli Sua saukuneebis Semdgom 

etapze agebul yvela eklesias (kaloTa, sxalTis mcire eklesia, 

vernebi, vanaZeebi, sxalTis RvTismSoblis eklesia) ekvris 

minaSeni, romelic umeteswilad ekvderis funqcias asrulebs. 

X-XI saukunidan darbazul eklesiebSi gamoxatulebas 

povebs epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mxatvrul-konstruqciuli 

Taviseburebani: grZivi kedlebis dinamikuri 

gadawyveta, kamaris sabjeni TaRebis profilirebuli pilastrebiTa 

da niSebiT danawevreba, fasadebis SedarebiT mdidari 

dekoratiuli gaformeba, ornamentuli CuqurTmisa da reliefuri 

qandakebis gamoyeneba. am periodis Zeglebs miekuTvneba 

kaloTisa da sxalTis “mcire” eklesiebi (mamulaZe 1993: 

91-96; mamulaZe 2000: 91-93; WiWileiSvili 1999: 102-111). 

saqarTvelos politikuri da ekonomikuri Zlierebis, 

kulturuli aRmavlobis epoqaSi (XI-XIII s-is I naxevari), rodesac 

saqarTveloSi gumbaTovani arqiteqturis unikaluri 

nimuSebi aSenda, aWaraSi salocavis umTavres tipad kvlav 

8

darbazuli eklesia rCeba. Tumca, epoqis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, 

aWaraSi gamovlenil nimuSebs axasiaTebs SenobaTa mas- 

Stabebis, zomebisa da proporciebis zrda, interieris dinamikuri 

gadawyveta, mdidari dekoratiuli morTuloba — Ta- 

Redebis, karnizebis, kar-sarkmelTa saxeebisa da TavsarTebis 

mravalferovneba, CuqurTmis farTo repertuari, Sesrulebis 

sifaqize da artistizmi. 

am TvalsazrisiT saintereso nimuSia XI s-is Sua xaneb- 

Si agebuli vernebis eklesia, romelic mdinare sxalTiswylis 

marcxena mxares, soflis centrSi “madiZiris” borcvze 

iyo aRmarTuli. am etapis darbazuli Zeglebis msgavsad taZris 

sigrZe siganes TiTqmis orjer aRemateba (zomebi: 13,5 x 

7,5 m). samxreTis fasads gasdevs stoa, romlis sigane 3,15 m-ia. 

taZars ori Sesasvleli hqonda — samxreTisa da dasavleTis, 

rac Sida sivrcis moculobis gazrdiT iyo ganpirobebuli. 

darbazis kamara pilastrebze dayrdnobili sabjeni TaRebiT 

sam monakveTad iyofoda. grZivi kedlebi orsafexuriani naxevarsvetebiTa 

da TaRovani niSebiT iyo damuSavebuli. sivrcisa 

da kedlebis aseTi gadawyveta damaxasiaTebelia ganvi- 

Tarebuli Sua saukuneebis darbazuli eklesiebisaTvis (sox- 

Ta-X-XI ss., savane, exvevi - XI s.) da xels uwyobs kedlis sisqis 

Semsubuqebas cxovelxatuli efeqtebis Seqmnasa da nagebobis 

mdgradobas. garedan eklesia sworkuTxedSia Cawerili. 

saZirkvelze daSenebuli orsafexuriani cokoli mogrZo 

zomis kargad damuSavebuli qvebiTaa nagebi. mopirkeTebuli 

kedlebis wesieri Tarazuli wyoba maRali samSeneblo ostatobis 

maCvenebelia. karnizebis, kar-sarkmelTa morTulobis 

ornamentuli detalebi mowmoben, rom vernebis eklesia mdidari 

dekoratiuli SemkulobiT xasiaTdeboda. yuradRebas 

iqcevs vernebis eklesiis balavaris qva, romlis marcxena Ta- 

Rovan areze gamosaxuli asomTavruli warweriT irkveva, rom 

eklesia erisTavebs grigols, abusers, giorgis da maT memkvidreebs 

augiaT (sixaruliZe 1963:15). filis sworkuTxa sibrtyeze 

warmodgenili CuqurTmis saxeebi - grexili TaRovani 

lilvebi, wre-rombebisa da wreebSi gatarebuli lentebis motivebi, 

lentovani xveulebi, maryuJebiani wnulebi, vardulebi 

farTodaa gavrcelebuli X-XI ss-Si (kumurdo, parxali, 

oSki, manglisi, iSxani, exvevi, samTavro da sxv.). brtyel ze- 

9

dapirze kveTili CuqurTmac saxasiaToa amave drois ZeglebisaTvis 

(bagratis taZari, manglisi, xcisi da sxv). warwerebiTa 

da ornamentebiT morTuli balavaris filebic, ufro 

xSirad, X-XI ss-Si gvxvdeba (Sepiaki, iSxani, zeda varZia, zeda 

Tmogvi da sxv.). eklesiis xuroTmoZRvruli Taviseburebebisa 

da lapidaruli warweris monacemebiT unda vifiqroT, rom 

kaloTis taZris erT-erTi qtitori iyo istoriul wyaroebSi 

moxseniebuli grigol erisTavi, romelic 1046 wels monawileobda 

Rrtilas saeklesio krebaSi da moxseniebulia aTonis 

monastris aRapebSi (mamulaZe 1993: 114-11; WiWileiSvili 

2007). 

qronologiurad Semdgom periods ukavSirdeba vanaZeebis 

(agaris) eklesia (mamulaZe 1993: 96-100, 117; Уварова 1894: 

223-231). igi warmoadgenda saSualo zomis nagebobas (zomiT 

10x8 m) garedan sworkuTxedSi Cawerili sakurTxevliTa da 

ufro gvian agebuli samxreTis ornawiliani minaSeniT. eklesiis 

interieris gadawyvetaSi, kerZod, ki, grZivi kedlebis 

Tanabar nawilebad dayofaSi gamovlinda XII s-is darbazuli 

eklesiebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli navis struqturis gamartivebis 

tendencia, rac, umTavresad, interieris mTlianad 

moxatvis surviliT iyo ganpirobebuli. eklesiis gawmendisas 

aRmoCenili pilastrebis, kapitelebis, saguldagulod 

damuSavebuli qvis lorfinebis, iatakis filebis detalebi, 

kar-sarkmelTa morTulobisa da CuqurTmis fragmentebi miuTiTeben, 

rom taZari mtkice samSeneblo tradiciebiTa da 

mdidari dekoratiuli SemkulobiT gamoirCeoda. dekoratiuli 

tendenciebis gaZlierebis mimaniSnebelia ormagi lilviT 

Semkuli cokoli, romelic farTodaa gavrcelebuli XII- 

XIII ss-is mijnis arqiteqturaSi, kerZod ki beTania-qvaTaxevis 

jgufis ZeglebSi: fitareTi, wuRruRaSeni, lamazi saydari, 

maRaalaanT eklesia da sxva (beriZe 1959: 212). es detali vana- 

Zeebis eklesiis amave etapiT daTariRebis myar safuZvels iZleva. 

istoriuli wyaroebiT irkveva, rom XIII saukunis 30ian 

wlebSia agebuli xixanis cixis wm. giorgis eklesia. salocavis 

mSeneblobis Sesaxeb cnobebs abuserisZe tbeli gvawvdis. 

misi cnobiT, am adgilas ukve daSlili “Zveli saxlovani” 

mdgara. “eklesiis mcirobam da erisa verdatevaman” aiZu- 

10

la abuserisZeni aq axali qvis saydari aeSenebinaT. abuseris- 

Ze tbeliYuSualod meTvalyureobda mis mSeneblobas da Ses- 

Txovda ufals mieniWebina misTvis eklesiis “srulqmnis” unari. 

xatovania avtoris Txroba saydris agebasTan dakavSirebuli 

saswaulebis, faTerakebisa da sirTuleebis Sesaxeb, 

rac, umTavresad, cixis mdebareobiT, miuvalobiT, masalis 

gadatanasTan dakavSirebuli siZneleebiT iyo gamowveuli. 

eklesiis mSeneblobaSi didi wvlili sofel bakos mcxovreblebs 

SeutaniaT. avtoris TqmiT, maT “metis-metad didi moi- 

Wirves, romelTa vazirobiTa da SemoxuewiTa Ãelvyav eklesiisa 

mravliTa saxlovnebiTa aRSenebaÁ...” (sixaruliZe, tbel 

abuserisZe, 1981, 12). 1233 wlisaTvis, rodesac abuserisZe 

tbelis Txzuleba daiwera, saydris mSenebloba dasrulebuli 

ar iyo (musxeliSvili 1941: 67; mamulaZe 2000: 70). xixanis 

cixis eklesia sididiT (zomebi: 4,5 x 3,8 m) bevrad Camouvardeba 

aWariswylis xeobis sxva darbazul salocavebs. igi, ZiriTadad, 

mZlavri TavdacviTi kompleqsis aucilebel danamats 

warmoadgenda da mcire samlocvelos funqcias asrulebda. 

saZirkvlis donemde dangreuli eklesiis dRevandeli 

saxe xuroTmoZRvruli gadawyvetisa da detalebis Sesaxeb 

msjelobis saSualebas ar iZleva. 

ganviTarebuli Sua saukuneebis aWaraSi mdidari samSeneblo 

tradiciebis arsebobas adasturebs XIII saukunis Sua 

xanebSi agebuli sxalTis eklesia (mefisaSvili 1955: 85-105; 

mamulaZe 1993: 73-82; WiWileiSvili 2000: 90-103). aWariswylis 

xeobaSi arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad gamovlenili sxva 

eklesiebisagan gansxvavebiT mas gamoarCevs Sverili Svidwaxnagovani 

afsidi da samxreTis TaRovani karibWe. waxnagovani 

afsidi taZris yvelaze plastikuri elementia. Sverili afsidis 

arseboba XIII saukunisaTvis saxasiaTo Zveli motivebis 

gaxsenebis gamoxatulebaa. darbazul eklesiebSi sakurTxevlis 

samsarkmliani kompozicia ki gumbaTovani taZrebis motivTa 

SeWriTa da Sverili afsidiT aris ganpirobebuli (vaCnaZianis 

yvelawminda, gelaTi, lurji monasteri, timoTesubani, 

Tbilisis metexi, xobi, caiSi, lixauri da sxv.). sxalTis 

eklesiis interieris xuroTmoZRvruli gadawyveta, ZiriTadad, 

damaxasiaTebelia XII-XIII saukuneebisaTvis, Tumca, saxezea 

is niSnebic, romlebic qarTul arqiteqturaSi ufro gvi- 

11

ni periodidan - XIII s-is Sua xanebidan iCens Tavs: vertikaluri 

RerZis Sesustebisa da sarkmelTa SedarebiT dabla gan- 

Tavsebis tendenciebi, eklesiis SedarebiTYmasiuri da mZime 

garegnuli formebi, damjdari proporciebi. Senobis mxatvrul 

saxeSi didi roli eniWeba Tlili qvis kedels, gluv zedapirs, 

dekoratiuli elementebis ”feradovan aqcentebs”. 

sxalTis eklesiis morTulobis sistema, kar-sarkmelTa tipebi 

da mcenareuli, geometriuli Tu Sereuli ornamentuli 

motivebi analogiebs XIII saukunis Sua wlebis nimuSebSi povebs. 

amasTanave, sxalTis CuqurTma SedarebiT mSralia da 

daqucmacebuli, naxati mWidro, xolo Sesrulebis done ramdenadme 

xelosnuri. rogorc cnobilia, Tamarisa da misi memkvidreebis 

mefobis xanaSi dasrulda qarTuli arqiteqturis 

meored ayvavebis periodi (XI—XIII s-is pirveli naxevari). 

XIII saukunis Sua xanebidan qarTul xuroTmoZRvrebaSi Tavs 

iCens axali Taviseburebebi: ekleqtizmi, mxatvruli mTlianobis 

rRveva, profesiuli donis daqveiTeba, masStabebis 

Semcireba, formaTa masiuroba da simZime, dekoratiuli Semkulobis 

sisadave, ornamentis xelosnuri xasiaTi da sxv. 

sxalTis taZris proporciebi, masiuri formebi, kedlis sibrtyeSi 

”CaZiruli” sarkmelTa profilebi, CuqurTmis naxatis 

dawvrilmanebis tendencia, motivTa ekleqturoba, gluvi 

karnizis arseboba XIII saukunis Sua xanebis Taviseburebebze 

mianiSnebs. sxalTis eklesias Sualeduri adgili uWiravs 

XIII saukunis pirveli naxevrisa da XIII-XIV saukuneebis mijnis 

Zeglebs Soris. Tumca, samSeneblo ostatobis tradiciebi 

sxalTaSi jer kidev myaria. gviandeli periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

niSnebi, umTavresad, Zeglis proporciebis xasiaTsa 

da ornamentuli dekoris SesrulebaSi vlindeba. XIII saukunis 

aWaris istoriuli viTarebidan gamomdinare, sxalTis 

eklesiis damkveTnic, uTuod, abuserisZeni iyvnen. Zeglis 

stilisturi analizi mowmobs, rom misi mSenebloba abuseris- 

Ze tbelis Txzulebis daweris Semdgom xanas, kerZod ki XIII 

saukunis 40-70-ian wlebs unda ukavSirdebodes. sxalTis xuroTmoZRvreba 

Tavis epoqasTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli xelovanis 

SemoqmedebiTi niWisa da daxvewili mxatvruli gemovnebis 

gamoxatulebaa. 

12

A amgvarad, naSromSi ganxiluli saeklesio arqiteqturis nimuSebi 

adastureben werilobiT wyaroebSi dacul cnobebs 

Sua saukuneebis aWaraSi maRali samSeneblo tradiciebis arsebobis 

Sesaxeb. amave dros, ikveTeba regionisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

Taviseburebebic. kerZod, mTiani aWaris zolSi 

intensiuri saeklesio mSeneblobani, umTavresad, IX-X ss-dan 

warmoebs. saeklesio nagebobis ZiriTad tips warmoadgens 

ugumbaTo salocavebi, ZiriTadad ki darbazuli eklesiebi. 

taZris sxva tipebi (samnaviani da sameklesiani bazilikebi) 

dasturdeba mxolod erTeuli nimuSebis saxiT. sakulto arqiteqturis 

nimuSebi qarTuli kulturisa da xelovnebis ayvavebis 

periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sinatifiTa da ma- 

RalmxatvrulobiT gamoirCevian, rac, Tavis mxriv, X-XIII saukuneebis 

aWaraSi warmoebuli intensiuri da farToO aRmSeneblobiTi 

saqmianobis gamoxatulebaa. samSeneblo kulturis 

maRal dones aWaraSi xelosnobis mravalsaukunovani 

tradiciebi gansazRvravda. cnobilia, rom xelosnebi aWaridan 

sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi mieSurebodnen samuSaod, rac maT 

Tanadrouli mxatvruli siaxleebis gacnobis saSualebas aZlevda. 

gamoyenebuli literatura: 

1. aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa, "qarTlis cxovreba", IV, Tb., 1973. 

2. beriZe v., exvevis taZari “deda RvTisa”. — qarTuli xelovneba, 1, Tb., 

1942. 

3. beriZe, v. , “maRalaanT eklesia” . - qarTuli xelovneba, 5, Tb., 1959. 

4. TavamaiSvili g., xinowminda (bukleti), baTumi, 2008. 

5. mamulaZe S., aWariswylis xeobis Suasaukuneebis arqeologiuri Zeglebi, 

baTumi, 1993. 

6. mamulaZe S., aWariswylis xeobis materialuri kulturis Zeglebi 

(gzamkvlevi), Tb., 2000. 

7. musxeliSvili l., ^”abuserisZe tbeli,^ bolok basilis mSenebloba SuartyalSi 

da abuserisZeTa sagvareulo matiane”, Tb.,^ 1941. 

8. sixaruliZe i., tbel abuserisZe, baTumi, 1963. 

9. sixaruliZe i., naTeli dauRamebeli, baTumi, 1979. 

10. sixaruliZe i., cxovreba qviTxuroisa basilisa, baTumi, 1981. 

11. qarTlis cxovreba, I, Tb., 1955. 

12. qarTlis cxovreba (anaseuli), Tb., 1942. 

13

13. WaniSvili g., xinowmindis ioane naTlismcemlis eklesia (xelnaweri), 

n. berZeniSvilis institutis arqeologiisa da xelovnebis istoriis 

ganyofilebis arqivi, 1998. 

14.WiWileiSvili m., Sua saukuneebis aWaris saxviTi xelovnebis istoriidan. 

— literaturuli aWara, 11, baTumi, 1999. 

15. WiWileiSvili m., darbazuli eklesiebi ganviTarebuli Suasaukuneebis 

aWaraSi, niko berZeniSvilis institutis Sromebi, V, baTumi, 2007. 

16. Беридзе В., Архитектура Тао-Кларджети, Тб., 1981. 

17. Уварова П. , Аджария, МАК, 4, Спб., 1894. 

14 

Maia Chichileishvili 

Church Architectural Monuments in the 

Developed Middle Ages in Adjara 

Summary 

The samples of the church architecture in the developed Middle Ages in 

Adjara confirm the existence of rich constructional traditions. The intensive church 

construction process in the mountainous regions of Adjara mainly takes its 

beginnings from 9 th-10 th centuries. The main type of the church buildings is a domeless 

chapel, mostly hall-type (one-nave) churches. The other types of cathedrals 

(three-nave and three-church basilicas) are confirmed only in single numbers. The 

samples of the cult (worship) architecture are distinguished with high artistry and 

elegance so characteristic to the prosperous periods of Georgian culture and art.

ilustraciebi 

xinowminda. interieri Txilvana. timpanis qva 

vernebi. eklesiis gegma. vanaZeebi (agara) 

eklesiis gegma. 

15

16 

sxalTa. eklesiis gegma. 

sxalTa. samxreT-dasavleT fasadi

sofio sanikiZe 

zogierTi fsiqologiuri faqtoris roli 

Tanamedrove quCis vizualur reklamaSi 

reklama — ekonomikis erT-erTi mamoZravebeli saSualebaa. 

igi Tavisi daniSnulebiT da gamosaxvis formiT mizandasaxulad 

moqmedebs adamianis cnobierebaze da, garkveulwilad, 

ganapirobebs mis moqmedebebs. adamiani Tavisi gonebi- 

Ta da Sromis unariT warmoadgens progresis mamoZravebel 

Zalas. dRiTidRe izrdeba da viTardeba produqcia, inergeba 

axali teqnikuri saSualebebi, sazogadoebaSi farTovdeba interesTa 

sfero, Cndeba meti sxvadasxva saxis survilebi, 

survilebi ki warmoqmnian axal-axal moTxovnilebebs, xolo 

moTxovnilebebi gvibiZgeben moqmedebisken (naTaZe, 1983:289). 

reklamis amocanac es aris - damkveTisgan dagegmili miznis 

Sesasruleblad gamoiwvios sazogadoebaSi moqmedebis survili. 

Yyoveli axali sareklamo mowodebis Seqmnis procesSi 

dizainerebi, romlebic muSaoben reklamis ideur, esTetikur, 

maxtvrul-kompoziciur da teqnikur gadawyvetaze, pirvel 

rigSi fiqroben reklamis konkurentunarianobasa da mizidulobis 

Zalaze, eZieben gzebs, Tu ra axal ideur, mxatvrul, 

fsiqologiur da teqnikur saSualebebs mimarTon imisaTvis, 

rom sareklamo mowodebam miipyros sazogadoebis yuradReba. 

rogorc cnobilia yuradReba monawileobs yvela 

SemecnebiT procesSi, azrovnebasac yuradReba sWirdeba. is 

warmarTavs adamianis cnobierebas garkveuli mimarTulebiT 

da amiT xels uwyobs sagnis naTel aRqmas.G fsiqologebi gamoyofen 

yuradRebis ori ZiriTad formas: 1. uneblie anu pasiur 

da 2. nebismier anu aqtiur formas. uneblie — pasiuri yuradReba 

refleqsuri xasiaTis, sruliad martivi moqmedebaa, 

roca gamRizianebeli sruliad uneblied, refleqsurad izidavs 

subieqtis yuradRebas. Nnebismieri anu aqtiuri yurad- 

Rebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli ki aris subieqtis mier yurad- 

Rebis Segnebulad amoqmedeba da misi regulacia (naTaZe, 

1983:129). 

17

dRevandelobaSi reklamis simravle da mravalferovneba, 

specialistebisagan moiTxovs im fsiqologiuri Ffaqtorebis 

gaTvaliswinebas, romlebic xels uwyoben vizualuri 

efqtebis swrafad moxvdras admianis TvalTaxedvis areSi. 

uneblie—refleqsuri yuradReba ki garkveulwilad ganapirobebs 

sareklamo informaciis nawilobriv damaxsovrebasac. 

NnaSromSi SevexebiT yuradRebis mizidvis im ZiriTad faqtorebs, 

romelbic, Cveni azriT, mizanSewonilia gaTvaliswinebuli 

iqnas vizualuri reklamis rogorc Seqmnis, aseve aRqmis 

TvalsazrisiT. Tanamedrove sareklamo industriaSi, 

adamianis uneblie yuradRebis misazidad mniSvnelovan rols 

TamaSoben fsiqologiuri faqtorebi: zoma, ganmeoreba, intensivoba, 

moZraoba, siaxle, kontrasti, izolirebuli gam- 

Rizianebeli, gamRizianeblis raodenoba da sxva (grigolava, 

1964:39-45). 

erT-erTi obieqturi faqtori, romelic reklamis pirvelad 

aRqmas uwyobs xels aris intensivoba. es faqtori, Tanamedrove 

reklamaSi, efuZneba Zlieri Suqis efeqts sibneleSi 

da gansakuTrebiT iqcevs yuradRebas Ramis qalaqSi. 

Zlieri Suqi sibneleSi warmoadgens adamianis uneblie yuradRebis 

mizidvis erT-erT martiv da efeqtur xerxs. dRevandelobaSi 

eleqtroreklamebi (manaTobeli bilbordebi, 

siti-formatebi, laiT-boqsebi, videopanelebi da sxva), informaciis 

matareblis garda, qalaqis Tavisebur mSvenebadac 

iqcnen da pasuxoben mis esTetikur moTxovnebs. zomierebis 

farglebSi isini axaliseben, anaTeben da alamazeben 

Ramis quCebs. swored Suqis intensivobis faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT 

axdenen dizainerebi sareklamo produqciisa Tu 

Temis aqcentirebas, rac, Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs sareklamo 

mowodebis pirvelad aRqmas. 

18

Semdegi fsiqologiuri faqtori, romelsac, aseve, iyeneben 

vizualur reklamaSi subieqtis uneblie yuradRebis misazidad 

aris sidide. magaliTad, quCaSi mimaval adamians mxedvelobis 

areSi aucileblad moxvdeba sxva abrebTan SedarebiT gacilebiT 

ufro didi formatis sareklamo abra an masiuri konstruqcia.A 

19

am tipis sareklamo abrebia brendmauerebi, supersaitebi 

da iunipolebi. supersaitebi da iunipolebi masiuri xasia- 

Tis sareklamo konstruqciebia, romlebic montaJdeba ma- 

Ral boZze. isini refleqsurad ipyroben yuradRebas aramarto 

Tavis didi zomiT, aramed imiTac, rom maT, ZiriTadad, 

dgamen sxva reklamebisgan gancalkevebulad, satransporto 

magistralebTan axlos. sagnis gancalkeveba ki, aseve yurad- 

Rebis mipyrobis erT-erTi faqtoria. sxva sagnebidan izoli- 

20

ebulad mocemuli sagani, adamians advilad xvdeba TvalTaxedvis 

areSi. ,,tyis piras gancalkevebul xes yvela amCnevs, 

magram tyeSi aseTive xeebi sul ver izidaven Cvens yuradRebas” 

(naTaZe, 1983:135). sagnis aRqmis principidan gamomdinare, 

naTelia, rom sitiformatebi da iunipolebi izidaven subieqtis 

uneblie yuradRebas, rogorc formatis sididiT, 

aseve gancalkevebiTac. aseTive tipis did zomis sareklamo 

abraa brendmaueric, igive plakati, oRond didi zomis. mas 

aTavseben Senobebis kedlebze,U qalaqis centralur quCebTan 

axlos, xalxmraval adgilebSi. brendmaueri sxva sareklamo 

abrebTan SedarebiT Tavisi didi zomiT refleqsurad izidavs 

adamianis yuradRebas da xels uwyobs sareklamo informaciis 

pirvelad aRqmas. igi gansakuTrebiT xelsayrelia gare, 

Ria sareklamo miznebisaTvis, radgan yvelaze xSirad 

xvdeba potenciuri momxmarebels mxedvelobis areSi, rac 

sxvadasxva cnobili brendebis imijisHSenarCunebisaTvis xel- 

Semwyobi pirobaa. 

Semdegi, rac advilad izidavs adamianis uneblie yuradRebas 

moZravi sagnis faqtoria. amisTvis HSeiqmna Cven- 

Tvis SedarebiT axali sareklamo saxeebi — videopanelebi 

(reklamis matareblebi, warmoadgenen sxvadasxva, ZiriTadad 

didi zomis eleqtronul ekranebs — panoebs) da iunipolebi 

(sammxriani masiuri xasiaTis mbrunavi sareklamo moduli), 

romlebmac ukve masiuri xasiaTi SeiZines. videopanelebi 

montaJdeba xalxaTa masobrivi Sekrebis adgilebSi, Senobebze 

qalaqis centralur quCebSi, metroSi, dawesebulebebSi, 

transportSi. reklamis es tipi damkveTs met SesaZleblobas 

aZlevs gaxados sareklamo mowodeba vizualurad maqsimalurad 

mimzidveli, vinaidan videopanelebSi vizualur gamosaxulebas 

Tan axlavs teqsturi da musikaluri gaformebac. am 

SemTxvevaSi adamiani informacias aRiqvams ukve aramarto 

mxedvelobiT, aramed smeniTac. aqedan gamomdinare, reklamis 

es tipi metad srulyofili da xelsayrelia sareklamo kompaniisTvis. 

videopanelebSi mudmivad icvleba sareklamo 

kadri, moZraobis faqtori ki ipyrobs adamianis uneblie yuradRebas 

21

aseve MmoZraobis efeqti aqvs gare reklamis SedarebiT 

axal saxeobas — iunipolsac. misi sammxriani mbrunavi didi 

formatis sareklamo moduli damontaJebuli rkinis maRal 

boZze uneblied izidavs adamianis yuradRebas. 

22

eklamis pirveladi aRqmisaTvis dizainerebi, aseve, 

mimarTaven Semdeg fsiqologiur faqtors — kontrasts, 

rac gulisxmobs sidideebis, formebis, zomebis da ferebis 

dapirispirebis meTods (maRali-dabalTan, didi-pataras- 

Tan, sqeli—TxelTan, Savi-TeTrTan da a. S). Tanamedrove qu- 

Cis sareklamo abrebSi, kontrasti vlindeba — ferTa, formaTa 

da sidideTa SeuTanxmeblobaSi, magram, ZiriTadad, mainc 

gamoisaxeba namuSevris ferTa gamis mkveTrad gamoxatul 

dapirispirebaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi dizainirebi mimar- 

Taven sxvaobis princips obieqtis sikaSkaSesa da fons Soris. 

fonis ferze datanilia gamosaxuleba kontrastuli 

feriT, reklamis kompoziciur gadawyvetaSi mTavarisa da 

meorexarisxovnis aqcentirebis saSualebadac warmogvidgeba 

(naTaZe, 1983:67). konkretul SemTxvevaSi kontrastebis 

gamoyeneba SeiZleba efuZnebodes ferTa aRqmis princips. 

cnobilia, rom civi ferebi (magaliTad, Savi, ruxi, iasamnisferi, 

lurji) vizualurad aSoreben Cvengan sagans da amcireben 

mis moculobas, xolo Tbili ferebi (wiTeli, yviTeli, 

narinjisferi) vizualurad aaxloveben sagans da adideben 

mis moculobas (jafariZe, 1989:44). am Tvisebebidan ga- 

23

momdinare sareklamo abrebSi civ ferebs ZiriTadad iyeneben 

fonad, xolo Tbils sareklamod mowodebuli mTavari 

gamosaxulebebisaTvis, rac ufro metia ferTa SeuTanxmebloba, 

winaaRmdegoba gamosaxulebasa da fons Soris, miT metia 

reklamaSi kontrasti. kontrasti ki yovelTvis xvdeba 

adamianis TvalTaxedvis areSi da uneblied izidavs mis yuradRebas. 

Semdegi da, aseve, erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtori sareklamo 

xelovnebaSi aris siaxle. revaz naTaZe wers: ,,yuradRebas 

izidavs yovelive rac subieqtisTvis axalia, uCveuloa, 

moulodnelia da maSasadame is, rac Secvlilia, rac 

moZravia, xolo is, rac ucvlelia, Cveulia, yoveldRiuria, 

igi aClungebs, adunebs yuradRebas” (naTaZe 1983: 121). am faqtoridan 

gamomdinare ar aris gasakviri is, rom sareklamo 

industriaSi ganuwyvetliv mimdinareobs Zieba, rac gamoxatulebas 

povebs mxatvrul-esTetikuri, teqnikuri siaxleebis 

damkvidrebaSi. siaxle aris mniSvnelovani faqtori reklamis 

mizidulobis, konkurentunarianobis miRwevisa da SenarCunebis 

TavalsazrisiT. siaxle SeiZleba gamoixatos 

sxvavasxva saxiT— formebSi, sidideebSi, mxatvrul-gadawyvetaSi, 

teqnikur saSualebebSi da sxva. magaliTad brtyeli 

24

tipis abrebs Soris ovaluri konstruqcia ukve siaxled 

aRiqmeba. magaliTisTvis gamodgeba Cems mier Catarebuli er- 

Ti patara eqsperimentis Sedegi: megobars vTxove, q. Tbilis- 

Si erT-erT centralur quCaze, sadac uamravi sareklamo abraa, 

gamoerCia yvelaze dasamaxsovrebeli. aRmoCnda, rom mas 

yvelaze metad daamaxsovrda kafe-baris reklama, romlis Sesasvlelis 

Tavze damontaJebuli iyo Zveli rusuli ,,pobedas” 

markis, namdvili avtomobilis nawili. sivrceSi moculobrivad 

damontaJebuli es kompozicia (avtomobilis 

fragmenti, seriuli nomris adgilze ganTavsebuli warweriT 

“kafe-bari”), arastandartuli da originaluri gadawyvetiT 

aRmoCnda siaxle sxva reklamebTan SedarebiT. man uneblied 

miipyro yuradReba da gamoiwvia interesi. raTqmaunda ibadeba 

kiTxva: ra kavSirSia avtomobili kafe-barTan, magram miuxedavad 

am funqciuri SeuTanxmeblobisa, kafe-baris aseTi 

ucnauri reklama, uneblied mainc, moeqca adamianis yurad- 

Rebis sferoSi. 

amrigad, reklama admianisTvis gauTviTcnobiereblad, 

unebliedac ipyrobs misken yuradRebas, rasac xels uwyobs 

zemoT CamoTvlili ZiriTadi fsoqologiuriF faqtorebis — 

intensivoba, moZraoba, kontrasti, sidide, gancalkeveba, siaxle, 

gaTvaliswineba. Tanamedrove reklamaSi yuradRebis 

gamomwvevi es faqtorebi aqtiurad monawileoben sazogadoebis 

uneblie yuradRebisEBMmizidvasa 

da vizualuri reklamis 

pirvelad aRqmaSi. es ki aris damkveTisa da dizaineris, reklamis 

upirvelesi amocana. 

25

26 


1. r. naTaZe. fsiqologiia mokle kursi. Tbilisi. 1983. 

2. v. grigolava. gamoyenebiTi fsiqologiis zogierTi 

sakiTxi. Tbilisi. 1964. 

3.http://www.narugka.su/vidi–naruzgnoi–reklami/street– 

mebel/siti–formati.htm 

4. В. Джапаридзе. Записки художника. Тбилиси.1989. 

Sofio Sanikidze 

The Role of Some Psychological Factors in Modern Street 

Visual Adverstising 

Summary 

This way advertising attracts human’s attention subconsciously 

and involuntarily, and this is contributed by taking into account six 

physiological factors: intensity, motion, contrast, size, separation and 

innovation. In modern advertising these factors are applied to 

involuntarily attract society’s attention and in initial perception of 

visual advertising.

kinomcodneoba 

roland boraSvili 

vsevolod pudovkini da «fotogenia» 

montaJis Teoriisa da praqtikis srulyofa kinematografiisa 

da telexedvis, rogorc audiovizualuri xelovnebis 

Semadgeneli nawilebis ganviTarebisas xdeboda. miuxedavad 

mTeli rigi saerTo Tvisebebisa da erTiani terminologiisa, 

kinoxelovneba da telexedva Tavisi kanonebiT viTardebian, 

aqvT pirobiTobis sxvadasxva xarisxi, saxieri enis 

ganmasxvavebeli Taviseburebebi. urTierTqmedebiTa da er- 

TmaneTis gamdidrebiT, isini mxatvruli masalis ganzogadoebis 

axali formebis moZiebisTvis teqnikur miRwevebs iyeneben. 

kinomontaJidan «gamosuli» satelevizio montaJi, 

Tavdapirvelad ubralo «Sewebebas» warmoadgenda, Semdeg ki 

gamoCndnen misi iseTi saxeobebi, rogorebicaa paraleluri, 

asociaciuri, klipuri. 

erT-erTi maTgani, vinc kinematografis ganviTarebis 

sawyis etapze safuZvels uyrida samontaJo Teoriebs da 

praqtikaSi iyenebda maT, iyo rusi sabWoTa kinoreJisori da 

Teoretikosi vsevolod pudovkini. is meore didi rusi reJisorisa 

da Teoretikosis sergei eizenSteinis Tanadroulad 

aqtiurad muSaobda ekranuli saxeebis specifikis dadgenaze, 

maTi aRqmis Taviseburebebze. 

Tu or kadrs Soris arsebobs vizualuri an logikuri 

kavSiri, sakmarisi imisTvis, rom kadrebis cvlis dros gadailaxos 

wyvetis SegrZneba, maSin aseTi kadrebi aRiqmeba rogorc 

mTlianis nawili. mocemuli meTodi SeiZleba gamoyenebul 

iqnas ara marto realuri movlenis aRsadgenad, rodesac 

misi calkeuli nawilebis SeerTebiT Cndeba imgvari saer- 

To STabeWdileba, rogorsac originali warmoqmnis. am meTo- 

27

dis gamoyenebisas ara naklebi warmatebiT iseTi urTier- 

TkavSiris Seqmnac SeiZleba, rogoric sinamdvileSi ar arsebobda. 

amgvarad, Semoqmed adamians kinoSi SeuZlia Seqmnas 

raRac damoukidebeli mxatvruli nawarmoebi ara marto garkveuli 

SerCevis wyalobiTa da realuri movlenis calkeuli 

mxareebis SeTavsebiT, aramed moaxdinos kidec axali movlenis 

sinTezireba iseTi elementebisgan, romlebic realur 

cxovrebaSi erTmaneTTan ar arian dakavSirebuli. 

amis klasikuri magaliTia vsevolod pudovkinis eqsperimenti 

axlebur sivrcobriv damokidebulebaze. eqsperimentSi 

CarTuli iyo Semdegi scenebi: 

1. axalgazrda kaci moZraobs marcxnidan marjvniv. 

2. qali moZraobs marjvnidan marcxniv. 

3. isini erTmaneTs xvdebian da xels arTmeven. axalgazrda 

kaci xeliT uCvenebs. 

4. naCvenebia didi TeTri Senoba ganieri kibiT. 

5. axalgazrda kaci da qali adian ganier kibeze. 

gaerTianebuli da ekranze naCvenebi es monakveTebi 

aRiqmeboda rogorc erTi mTliani. «monakveTebi amgvarad 

iqna gadaRebuli: axalgazrda kaci gadaviReT gum-is Senobis 

maxloblad, qali gogolis ZeglTan axlos, xelis CamorTmeva 

did TeatrTan, TeTri saxli amerikuli suraTidan aviReT, 

kibeze asvla ki macxovris taZarTan». 1 Sedegad gamovida is, 

rasac pudovkinma xumrobiT «Творимой земной поверхностью» 

uwoda. Senobebi, realurad aTaseuli kilometrebiT daSorebuli, 

mayureblisTvis erTmaneTs miuaxlovdnen da mas eCveneboda, 

rom msaxiobebi TeTr saxlSi Sediodnen, Tumca sinamdvileSi 

isini mudmivad moskovSi imyofebodnen. 

rogorc zemoT moyvanil magaliTSi Cans, damyarebul 

iqna axali droebrivi damokidebulebac. msaxiobebis moqmedebebi 

dayofil iqnen droSi, da sruliad SesaZlebelia, rom 

realurad isini sxvagvari TanmimdevrobiTac ki xdeboda. 

lev kuleSovis kvaldakval montaJis Teoriis safuZvelSi 

pudovkinma nawarmoebis TxrobiTi warmarTvis principebi 

Cado. Tumca maT, msaxiobis TamaSis mimarT, sxvadasxva 

midgoma hqondaT. 

28

swored pudovkinma, erT-erTma pirvelma, SesTavaza kinoSi 

muSaoba «gancdis Teatris» msaxiobebs. misi saxieri 

sistema aigeboda saTamaSo scenebis logikur Tanadaqvemdebarebaze, 

droSi maT xangrZlivobaze, msxvili xedebis gamoyenebaze 

— fsiqologiurad mwvave saSemsruleblo monaxazi- 

Ta da plastikuri gadawyvetiT. gansakuTrebuli roli miekuTvneboda 

rakursul Cvenebas. magaliTad kinofilm «dedis» 

dasawyisSi nilovnas plastikuri portretebi ZiriTadad 

gadaRebulia zeda wertilebidan. Cven vxedavT damcirebul, 

SeSinebul qals, Semdeg uecrad Cvens Tvalwin misi axali 

saxe ixsneba - amayad momzirali qali-dedis saxe. reJisori 

mas Secvlili rakursuli wertiliT gviCvenebs — diagonalze 

da qvemodan, rac misi gmiris portretebs skulpturul monumentalurobas 

aniWebs. 

filmis montaJuri wyoba mxolod xazs usvams SedarebiT 

grZel xedebSi (munji kinosTvis) gaSlili siuJetis ganviTarebas. 

Txrobis ritmi Seesabameba gmiris xasiaTis TanmimdevrobiTi 

winsvliT ganviTarebas, mis Camoyalibebas, magram 

TviTmiznuri arsad aris. 

vsevolod pudovkini aRniSnavda: «yovelTvis arsebobs 

ori ritmi: obieqturi samyaros ritmuli svla da tempi da 

ritmi, romelSic adamiani akvirdeba am samyaros», «...adamianTa 

aRqmebis mimdinareoba hgavs montaJs, romlis agebaSic 

SesaZlebelia gakeTdes rogorc xmis, aseve gamosaxulebis 

siCqaris yovelgvari variacia. amitom xmovani filmi SeiZleba 

gadawyvetil iqnas erTdroulad obieqtur samyarosTan 

da am samyaros adamianis(ur) aRqmasTan SesabamisobaSi». 2 

pudovkini jer kidev munj kinematografSi iswrafvoda 

gadmoeca gmiris subieqturi SegrZneba ritmuli naxazis gamoyenebiT, 

romelic masTan xSirad ararsebul xmas Seenacvleboda. 

miuxedavad tevadobisa, kadris saxviTi plastikisa, 

msaxiobebis saxieri TamaSisa, scenaris kargi dramaturgiuli 

safuZvlisa, reJisors TxrobiTi-fsiqologiuri ganzogadoebebisTvis 

xma ar yofnida. 

Tumca Tu eizenSteinTan plastikuri naxazi xmovan 

filmebSic ki TviTkmari erTeuli iyo, romelsac Txroba mihyavda 

(xmovani Tanxleba, Canafiqridan gamomdinare, mxolod 

aZlierebda an angrevda kadris plastikaSi gamoxatul moqme- 

29

debas), vs. pudovkinTan xma yoveli plastikuri kadris Tanmxlebi 

iyo: es iqneboda kedlis saaTi, wveTebi onkanidan Tu 

yinulis mtvrevis xma yinulmWrelis saxelganTqmul epizod- 

Si kinofilmidan «deda». ase daibada xerxi — «plastikuri 

xma». da iq, sadac saWiroeba moiTxovda damatebiT ferebs, 

niuansebs, iwyeboda «detalebis» xmovaneba: pavles mTvrali 

mamis mZime nabijebis xma, qarxnis sayviri da a. S. ra Tqma unda, 

es xmovaneba atarebda Sualeduri kavSirebis xasiaTs da emociurad 

aRiqmeboda mxolod rogorc asociacia. 

cxovrebiseuli utyuarobis axleburi sazomis wyalobiT, 

romelsac filmSi plastikuri saxeebi da detalebi iZenen, 

reJisorma SesZlo dramatuli moqmedebis yoveli epizodis 

simbolika daekavSirebina pavle vlasovis ojaxSi momxdar 

movlenebTan. ase magaliTad, pudovkinma ekranze gadaitana 

«cocxali» moqmedeba, gmirebis fsiqologiuri gancdebi, 

plastikuri simbolo-bilikebis meSveobiT gadmocemuli 

Tavisi gmirebis Sinagan cvlilebebze mayureblis yuradRebis 

koncentrireba moaxdina da dramatizmiT gaaZliera momxdari 

movlenebi. am filmSi reJisorma moaxdina kinematografiuli 

enis gamomxatvelobiTi saSualebebis flobis profesiuli 

unaris demonstrireba, movlenebis avtoriseuli 

xedvis gadmocema kadris mwvave rakursuli agebis da monta- 

Juri Sepirapirebebisa da refrenebis daxmarebiT erTi da 

igive kadrs sxvadasxva qveteqsts mianiWebs. 

pudovkinTan kadri-refreni metaforis xasiaTs iZens. 

magaliTad, sasamarTlos scenaSi naCvenebia mefis biusti. dasawyisSi 

es detali mefis ruseTis sasamarTlos nebismieri 

darbazis aucilebel atributad gamoiyureba, magram misi 

mravaljeradi gamoyenebis Sedegad mayurebels eufleba SegrZneba, 

rom yvelaferi, rac xdeba mefis saxeliTa da misi 

brZanebiT aResruleba. 

pudovkinis Teorias safuZvlad daedo misi fiqrebi fotogeniaze. 

termini «fotogenia» pirvelad kinematografis TeoriaSi 

frangma reJisorma, scenaristma da kinos Teoretikosma 

lui deliukma SemoiRo. 

30

swored lui deliukis, SemdgomSi ki vsevolod pudovkinis 

saxelebTanaa dakavSirebuli fotogeniis Teoria kinematografSi. 

lui deliukma kinos esTetikis mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi 

daamuSava, wamoayena fotogeniis gageba rogorc silamazis 

gansakuTrebuli Tvalsazrisis gansazRvreba garemomcvel 

sagnebSi, romelic kinos saSualebebiT SeiZleba iqnas gaxsnili. 

WeSmariti fotogenia, l. deliukis azriT, SeiZleba hqondes 

mxolod imas, rac gaazrebuli da gonivrulia. is mkveTrad 

ilaSqrebda garegani efeqtebiT gatacebis winaaRmdeg, 

moiTxovda, rom nawarmoebis yvela elementi erTian saavtoro 

Canafiqrs daqvemdebareboda. lui deliuki droSi filmis 

kompoziciis ganmsazRvrel ritmis mniSvnelobas usvamda 

xazs, Tvlida, rom ritms nawarmoebis yvela elementi unda 

moecva. 

upirispirebs ra erTmaneTs sanaxaobas da sinamdviles, 

l. deliuki gadamwyvet upiratesobas «cxovrebiseuli sinamdvilis» 

suraTebs aniWebs. kinematografis mniSvnelovan 

Tvisebas misTvis warmoadgens obieqtivis unari daafiqsiros 

garemomcveli samyaro, kinematografisadmi gadamwyvet moTxovnad 

ki misi plastikuri gamomxatvelobiToba xdeba. 

swored aqedan gamomdinareobs lui deliukis mier wamoyenebuli 

terminis — «fotogenia»-s gageba. erTis mxriv, 

kino yvelaze ufro axlos fotografiasTan aris, meore 

mxriv — drois niSan-Tvisebebs flobs («kinematografis daniSnulebaa 

gvCuqnides warmavali da maradiuli silamazis 

gamosaxvas» - werda l. deliuki), es droSi ganviTarebadi fotografiaa. 

amitom fotogenia l. deliukisTvis — fotografiulobis 

SeTavsebaa «geniis moulodnelobasTan», sxva 

sityvebiT, samyaros ganumeorebel, individualur xedvas- 

Tan. terminis aseTma gaSifvram gamoricxa kinematografis 

sinamdvilis meqanikur fiqsaciamde dayvana. lui deliuki yuradRebis 

aqcentirebas akeTebda kinematografiulobis (foto) 

bunebasa da obieqtis (genia) avtoriseul interpretaciaze. 

l. deliukis ideebiT, misi xedviT kinoekranis SesaZleblobaze 

- gadmoeca ganumeorebloba, yoveli sagnis xedviTi 

gansazRvruloba da es gadaetana saxovan enaze, aR- 

31

frTovanebulma vs. pudovkinma, es azri ganavrco. magram vs. 

pudovkinisTvis cxovrebis utyuarobis gadmocema ar izRudeba 

materialuri samyaros “veSizmiT”. is gamomsaxvelobi- 

Tobas upirveles yovlisa ganviTarebaSi, moZraobis harmoniul 

ritmSi xedavs, sadac yvelaferi garkveul proporciebsa 

da Tanmimdevrobas eqvemdebareba. swored amitom reJisori 

xSirad iyenebda TxrobiT montaJs, rac mis mier im periodSi 

Sedgenil montaJis klasifikaciaSic gamoixata. misi klasifikacia 

sxva kinos Teoretikosebis (s. timoSCenko, b. balaSi) 

mier Seqmnil kinomontaJis yvela cxrilze Seudareblad damajerebelia, 

magram advilad SevamCnevT, rom is exeba mxolod 

TxrobiT montaJs da ar iTvaliswinebs xedis xedTan Cveulebriv 

SeerTebas, romelsac mainc didi mniSvneloba aqvs, 

gansakuTrebiT ritmis Sesaqmnelad: 

1. kontrasti (mkveTri sxvaoba, dapirispirebuloba). 

2. paralelizmi (ori moqmedebis Tanaarseboba). 

3. mimsgavseba. 

4. erTdrouloba. 

5. laitmotivi (ZiriTadi azris gamomxatveli, romelic 

drodadro meordeba). 

SemdgomSi pudovkini, emociuri scenaris ideis damuSavebisas, 

im azramde mivida, rom misi safuZveli unda gamxdariyo 

emociuri «dartymebi» da «vardnebi», rom moqmedebas 

(an moZraobas) konkretuli Sinaarsis gamo ar SeuZlia Tavis 

TavSi ataros emociuri aqcentebi. maSasadame, saWiroa Seicvalos 

an movlenebis Cveulebrivi svla (amis miRweva SesaZlebelia 

moulodneli msxvili xediT, ganwyobilebis cvliT, 

temporitmis cvliT, SuqCrdilovani gadawyvetiT), an moZraobis 

forma, anu gamoyenebul iqnas Senelebuli an aCqarebuli 

gadaRebis xerxebi. ase daebada vs. pudovkins droSi moqmedebis 

gamsxvilebis idea, romelic xorcieldeboda xerxSi 

«dro msxvili xediT». am xerxis gamoyenebis wyalobiT moZraoba 

emociuri daZabulobis momentSi, Tavisi realuri 

mniSvnelobis dakargvisas, SeiZleba hiperbolaSi gadaizardos. 

Tu icvleba drois Cveulebrivi mdinareba (onkanidan 

wylis wveTebis neli vardna, saaTis rekva Tanabari pauzebiT 

da a. S.). Tavis ukanasknel filmebSi reJisori xSirad iyenebda 

montaJs kontrastis mixedviT, montaJ-mimsgavsebas, para- 

32

lelur montaJs, erTdroulobis montaJs da TxrobaSi laitmotivebis 

CarTvas. 

kinematografSi xmis SemosvliT vs. pudovkins ar Seucvlia 

montaJis gamoyenebis koncefcia. is werda: «axla xmovan 

kinoSi Cven SegviZlia imave celuloidis firis farglebSi 

ara marto davamontaJoT sxvadasxva momentebi sivrceSi, aramed 

gamosaxulebis asociaciebiT SeviyvanoT kidec xmebi, 

romlebic ama Tu im rigis maxasiaTeblebs gaxsnian da gaaZliereben». 

3 

«amgvarad, rogorc kadris plastikuri Sinaarsis 

mxriv, aseve montaJis mxrivac kinematografi saSualebebis 

mTel arsenals flobda, rom mayureblisTvis Tavs moexvia 

gamosaxuli movlenis sakuTari interpretacia. munji kinos 

periodis dasasrulisTvis es arsenali mTlianad iqna aTvisebuli. 

erTis mxriv, sabWoTa kinom saboloo daskvnebamde miiyvana 

montaJis Teoria da praqtika, meore mxriv germanulma 

skolam kadris plastika aiZula (dekoraciebi da ganaTeba) 

ganecada yvela SesaZlo iZulebiTi gardaqmnebi». 4 


1. Вс. Пудовкин, Избр.статьи, М., «Искусство», 1955, стр. 108. 

2. Вс. Пудовкин, Собр. соч. в 3 т. М., 1974. Т.1. стр.159. 

3. Вс. Пудовкин, Избр. статьи, М., «Искусство», 1955, стр. 51. 

4. Андре Базен, «Что такое кино?», М., «Искусство», 1972, стр. 

83-84. 

33

34 

Vsevolod Pudovkin and «The Photogenius» 

Summary 

Roland Borashvili 

Editing is one of the most peculiar components of screen art. It has 

the power to make time stand still, make it run fast or slow, skip a day, year, 

century. 

On the one hand editing is a principal method of world perception 

and on the other – editing is a constant reflection of director’s will: depict 

the world from a certain corner and in a certain conflict. 

There are basic laws of editing theory that are based on actual 

practice. 

“Grammar” and “syntax” of editing was mainly established during 

the period of silent film. 

Soviet directors and theoreticians like L. Kuleshov, S. Eisenstein 

and Vs. Pudovkin have entered the history of the world film as the fathers 

of film theory, directors, who practiced their working method on visual 

structure of film production and discovered new forms of editing. 

How was the editing side of the cinematography formed? What is 

the starting point, origin which makes a director edit a certain scene? 

The article deals with the above mentioned issues paying the main 

attention to Vsevolod Pudovkin’s contribution to cinematography.

sofio TavaZe 

qarTuli kinos ZiriTadi 

tendenciebi XX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi 

XX saukunis 60-iani wlebi, erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso 

da umniSvnelovanesi etapi iyo qarTuli kinos istoriaSi 

misi TavisTavadobis TvalsazrisiT. aRniSnul periodSi mimdinareobda 

SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebis procesebi, damkvidrda 

axali Tematuri Tu Janrul-stilisturi tendenciebi. miuxedavad 

imisa, rom, xsenebul periodSi, qarTuli kinematografi 

sabWoTa kavSiris kinoxelovnebis nawili iyo, man mainc 

SeZlo warmoeSva cneba `qarTuli kinos fenomeni~, rac imaSi 

mdgomareobda, rom qarTul kinos Tavisi sakuTari saxe gaaCnda, 

gamokveTili erovnuli TavisTavadobis niSnebiT — formiT, 

mxatvruli gansaxovnebis meTodebiT, suliskveTebiT da 

sxv. 

rogorc cnobilia, ssr kavSirSi arsebuli koniunqturuli 

mizezebis gamo, sabWoTa sistema da ideologia zRudavda 

xelovanis Tavisuflebas. calkeul Temebze garkveuli 

akrZalva arsebobda da Sesabamisad, xelovans mkacri cenzuris 

pirobebSi uxdeboda moRvaweoba. igi iZulebuli iyo an 

damorCileboda gabatonebul ideologias an moeZebna ideologiuri 

zemoqmedebisgan Tavis daRwevis gzebi, anu axleburi 

azrovnebiTa da axali mxatvruli formebis meSveobiT eTqva 

Tavisi saTqmeli da amgvarad SeenarCunebina erovnuli 

cnobiereba da tradiciebi. 

sakamaTo araa da qarTveli kinomcodneebis ara erT 

SromaSi vkiTxulobT, rom qarTuli kinos istoria — Tavisi 

erovnulobis, TviTmyofadobis, bunebriobis gadarCenisaTvis 

brZolis istoriacaa, romelsac `msxverplis“ gareSe ar 

Cauvlia. amis sazRauri oficiozis miTiTebebis Sedegad gadakeTebuli 

da amgvarad damaxinjebuli, ganuxorcielebeli 

an sulac ganadgurebuli filmebi iyo, rac totalitaruli 

siyalbis viTarebaSi raime formiT simarTlis Tqmas da maT 

35

avtorTa mier sakuTari meobisa da Rirsebis SenarCunebis 

mcdelobas mohyveboda. 

amgvari rTuli da metad winaaRmdegobrivi gzis gadalaxva 

xvdaT wilad 60-ian wlebSi qarTul kinematografSi 

mosuli axali Taobis warmomadgenlebs, e.w. `samocianelebs“, 

romelTa Semoqmedebam aRniSnuli aTwleulis xelovnebis mimarTuleba 

gansazRvra. 60-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, qarTul 

kinematografSi iwyeben moRvaweobas reJisorebi: eldar da 

giorgi Sengelaiebi, oTar ioseliani, merab kokoCaSvili, lana 

RoRoberiZe, mixeil kobaxiZe... maT mniSvnelovnad gaamdidres 

qarTuli kinematografiuli azrovneba da TviTmyofadi, 

mxatvrulad Rirebuli individualuri kinosamyaro 

Seqmnes. axali msoflmxedveloba, Sesabamisad — axali Temebi, 

axali formebi, Janrebi Tu stilistika, — yovelive es `samocianelTa“ 

Taobis gamaerTianebel da ganmasxvavebel niSnad 

iqca. 

kritikos akaki baqraZis mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebis 

mixedviT, axalgazrda `samocianelebi~ ideologebad moevlinen 

qarTul kinos. Tavis erT-erT naSromSi kritikosi 

wers: `xelovani, unda Tu ara mas es, cdilobs Tu ara amas, mainc 

an ideologia an propagandisti. ideologia, Tu axali 

Temebi, axali problemebi, axali Tvalsazrisi da stilistika 

moaqvs. propagandistia, Tu gatkepnili, Zveli, moyirWebuli 

gziT dadis, dromoWmulsa da gacveTils imeorebs~. (baqraZe 

a., 1989:251) 

qarTuli kinematografi, iseve rogorc xelovnebis nebismieri 

sxva dargi, romelic `sabWoTa mravalerovnuli fenomenis“ 

nawils warmoadgenda, — `mTelis“ kanoniT unda ganviTarebuliyo 

(`nawili“, rogorc `mTelis“ Semadgeneli). am 

kanonis (`SinaarsiT socialisturi, formiT ki — erovnuli“) 

morCileba, ers da mis kulturas, misi TviTmyofadobis arsis 

nivelirebisa da TandaTanobiT gaqrobis saSiSroebis winaSe 

ayenebda. mosazrebebis amgvari ganlagebis Tanaxmad gamoikveTa 

Semdegi realoba: I — koniunqturas damorCilebuli 

produqcia da II — Tamami TvalTaxedviT, originaluri xedviT 

Seqmnili filmebi. 

totalitaruli sistema kinoxelovnebas ideologiuri 

propagandis Zlier iaraRad miiCnevda da Sesabamisad, xelov- 

36

nebis es dargi mZime ideologiuri zewolis qveS imyofeboda. 

sabWoTa kinorepertuarSi didi adgili eTmoboda revoluciuri 

Tematikisa da patriotuli JReradobis filmebs. aseve 

popularuli iyo sawarmoo Tematikaze Seqmnili filmebi, 

sadac filmis gmirebi TavianT zneobriv saxes ZiriTadad socialisturi 

valdebulebebis Sesruleba-arSesrulebis procesSi 

avlendnen. amgvari filmebi gajerebuli iyo xasiaTebisa 

da konfliqtebis xelovnurobiT, sqematurobiT da maT 

xSir SemTxvevaSi — didaqtikur-publicisturi Tu saagitacio 

xasiaTi hqonda. 

qarTvel kinoreJisorTa axalma Taobam TavianTi moRvaweoba 

warsulis miRwevaTa gadafasebiT daiwyo. isini gaemijnen 

manamde arsebul yalb, zedapirul xelovnebas da sakuTari 

saTqmeliT, individualuri xelweriT, mkafiod gamokveTili 

moqalaqeobrivi poziciiTa da axali mxatvruli 

formebiT, qarTuli kinos axal etaps Cauyares safuZveli. 

amieridan, siyalbe simarTlis Ziebam Secvala, zedapiruloba 

— siRrmiseul SreebSi wvdomam, erTferovneba — mravalferovnebam 

da a.S. mizani, romelic `samocianelTa~ Taobas 

amoZravebda — gamoikveTa: es iyo yalb, gaufasurebul samyaroSi 

WeSmariti Rirebulebebis Seqmna. TavianTi SemoqmedebiT, 

axalgazrda `samocianelebma~, arsebuli realobisadmi 

winaaRmdegobis gaweva scades im sinamdvilis fonze, rac istoriisgan 

Sefasda, rogorc `kerpebis~ ngrevis epoqa. 

qarTuli kinos `ganaxlebis“ procesi, romelmac safuZveli 

Cauyara xelovnebisadmi axlebur midgomas, axal Temebs, 

axal gmirebsa Tu gamoxatvis axal formebs, — 50-iani 

wlebis II naxevridan daiwyo. axalgazrda reJisorebis — Tengiz 

abulaZisa da rezo CxeiZis mier 1955 wels gadaRebuli 

filmi `magdanas lurja“ saetapo nawarmoebi gaxda qarTuli 

kinosaTvis. swored am filmiT iwyeba stereotipebis msxvreva 

qarTul kinematografSi, risi saWiroebac TviT epoqam moitana. 

avtorebma — poeturad, udidesi emociiT gadmosces 

XIX saukunis dasasrulis qarTuli soflis yofa, usamar- 

TlobasTan pirispir umweod darCenili gmirebis amaRelvebeli 

istoria da xasiaTebi. SemdgomSi, ukiduresi sizustiTa 

da damajereblobiT gadmocemuli cxovrebiseuli masalis 

37

poeturi gaazrebis principi qarTuli kinos erT-erT Ziri- 

Tad maxasiaTebel niSan-Tvisebad iqca. 

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, 60-iani wlebi qarTul kinoSi 

mravalmxrivi ZiebebiT aRiniSneba. swored am periodSi gamoikveTa 

ara erTi Tematuri, Janruli Tu stilisturi tendencia, 

daiwyo axali mxatvruli formebis aTviseba, axali problemebis 

gaazreba. aqedan gamomdinare, sruliad gansxvavebul 

konceptualur aspeqtSi warmogvidgeba adamiani — filmis 

gmiri. 60-iani wlebis qarTul kinoproduqciaSi gaCndnen 

axali gmirebi. Tuki 40-50-ian wlebSi, xelovnebis nawarmoebi 

ZiriTadad propagandis saSualebas warmoadgenda da masSi 

mxolod `sasargeblos“ an `mavneblurs“ xedavdnen, axal 

etapze ukve mniSvnelovani gaxda zneobrivi problemebi. oficiozis 

moTxovna, rom xelovnebis nawarmoebis gmiri yofiliyo 

dadebiTi, keTilsindisieri an boroti da uaryofiTi, — 

ugulvebelyofil iqna axali Taobis mier. am periodSi Seqmnili 

TiTqmis yvela mniSvnelovani nawarmoebis umTavresi 

mizania adamianis Sinagani samyaros warmoCena sxvadasxva aspeqtSi. 

reJisorTa mxridan gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoboda 

erovnuli xasiaTis TaviseburebaTa gaxsnasa da warmoCenas. 

`samocianelTa~ novatorul Ziebebze, udides Rvawlze, 

maTi Tavisufali azrovnebisa da SemoqmedebiTi miRwevebis 

Sesaxeb saubrisas, kinomcodne lia kalandariSvili erT-erT 

werilSi aRniSnavs: `maSin mas realizms uwodebdnen, radgan 

sxvagvari ìzmi~ sabWoTa sivrceSi, ara Tu nebadarTuli, kategoriulad 

akrZalulic iyo da kanoniT isjeboda. magram 

is, rac mayurebels `samocianelTa~ kinoSi izidavda, iyo ara 

mxolod is simarTle, romlis gamoxatvis formebsac isini 

TiTqos daeZebdnen, aramed raRac axali xarisxi, axali Tvisobrioba, 

romelic, rac SeiZleba, farTod da amave dros, 

rac SeiZleba SeumCnevlad ipareboda ekranze. am siaxles ma- 

Sin àxalgazrda reJisorTa Ziebebi~ erqva~. (kalandariSvili 

l., 1999:84) 

qarTvel kinematografistTa axali Taobis Semoqmedebas 

— sisadave, bunebrioba da simarTlesTan maqsimaluri miaxloveba 

gamoarCevda. maTi xelovneba Tanabrad atarebs 

erovnuli gamomsaxvelobiTi formebisa da kompoziciis ori- 

38

ginaluri gadawyvetis niSnebs. `qarTvel `samocianelTa~ Semoqmedeba 

erTgvari `sabWoTa postmodernizmia~, romelmac 

progresuli niSniT ganawyo erovnuli xelovneba, gamoafxizla 

beds mindobili, gayalbebuli cnobiereba~. (kalandariSvili 

l., 1999:85) 

miuxedavad SemoqmedebiTi xelweris, TavianTi filmebis 

gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis gansxvavebisa, `samocianelebs~ 

hqondaT saerTo miznebi da amocanebi, rac maT erT 

did TanamoazreTa gundSi aerTianebdaT: interesi mwvave 

zneobrivi sakiTxebisadmi, erovnuli tradiciebisadmi da ma- 

Ti fesvebisadmi, tradiciebsa da Tanamedroveobis saWirboroto 

problemebs Soris kavSiris Zieba, — yovelive es ki safuZvels 

qmnida 60-iani wlebis qarTul kinematografSi axali 

mxatvruli Temebis damkvidrebisTvis. axalma Temebma ki, 

bunebrivia, dabades axali stilisturi da Janruli tendenciebi. 

istoria da Tanamedroveoba, dro da dRevandeli sinamdvile 

— es aris im Tematuri Ziebebis areali, rasac efuZneba 

`samocianelTa“ Semoqmedeba. pirovnebis drama epoqasTan, 

arsebul realobasTan mimarTebaSi, masTan mWidro urTier- 

TkavSirSi Tu ukompromiso dapirispirebaSi — am Temebs ikvleven 

qarTveli kinematografistebi. filmebis TematikaSi 

gaJRerebuli avtoris saTqmeliT ki ganisazRvreboda nawarmoebis 

Janruli Tu stilisturi Tavisebureba. 

60-iani wlebis qarTuli kinos esTetika — poeziisa da 

prozis, amaRlebulisa da yofiTi elementebis sinTeziT xasiaTdeba. 

am periodidan adgili daimkvidra kinonawarmoebis 

poeturma formam, ramac SesaZlebeli gaxada filosofiurganzogadebuli 

problemebis asaxva. damkvidrda cneba — `poeturi 

kino“. am mimarTulebis filmebSi uxvad gamoiyeneboda 

pirobiTi niSnebi — simboloebi, metaforebi Tu alegoriebi. 

`samocianelebi“ cdilobdnen aesaxaT is sazogadoebrivi 

konfliqtebi, rac manamde akrZaluli iyo. maT filmebSi 

igrZnoba avtorTa mier gmiris TvaliT danaxuli samyaro, misi 

Sinagani monologis metaforuloba, lirikul-romantikuli 

ganwyoba. gaCnda movlenebis dokumenturad asaxvis stili. 

Seicvala montaJis principi garkveul scenebTan Tu epizodebTan 

mimarTebaSi. 

39

vinaidan cenzura kvlavac ZalaSi rCeboda, gamosavali 

tradiciuli azrovnebis formebisadmi axlebur midgomaSi 

moiZebna. `samocianelTa~ filmebSi nagulisxmevi realoba — 

simbolos, metaforis, alegoriis niSnebiT iyo Seqmnili. aman 

ki xeli Seuwyo igavuri formebis damkvidrebas, rac cenzurisagan 

Tavdacvis saSualebac iyo da amave dros, xelovanTa 

saTqmelsac ufro sainteresod da originalurad warmoaCenda 

ekranze. ìgavis forma, ris safuZvelzec qarTuli kino 

`fenomenad~ aRiares, ar iyo Cemi azriT, mxolod saTqmelis 

SefarvisaTvis `gamogonili~ xerxi, aramed es iyo sagnebis, 

azrovnebis gamoxatvis, movlenebis logikuri ganlageba, ramac 

drosTan konteqstSi swored amgvari mxatvruli forma 

miiRo. es iyo azrovnebis wesi, ris Camoyalibebasac garkveulma 

istoriul-droiTma pirobebma Seuwyo xeli~ — aRniSnavs 

kinomcodne lela oCiauri (oCiauri l., 2004:154). 

swored igavi aRmoCnda am periodis qarTuli kinematografis 

yvelaze xelsayreli forma, romlis meSveobiTac, 

mkacri cenzuris pirobebSi qarTveli kinematografistebi 

axerxebdnen, dramatuli an msubuqi intonaciebiT gadmoecaT 

sakuTari xedva da TavianTi damokidebuleba arsebuli reJimisa 

da yofis mimarT. 

60-ian wlebSi, Tvisebriv cvlilebebs ganicdis qarTuli 

kinos Janrebic. `JanrTa sistema sakmaod srulad da adekvaturad, 

Tumca arapirdapir asaxavs konkretul istoriul 

realobas. ramdenadac Janrebis sistema realobaSi mimdinare 

ganviTarebis procesebs asaxavs, amdenad is istoriulad Ria 

sistemaa, romelic aqtiurad reagirebs da ganicdis saxecvlilebebs 

cvalebad garemomcvel samyarosTan erTad~ — aRniSnavs 

kinomcodne manana lekboraSvili (lekboraSvili m., 

2004:119). Sesabamisad, 60-ian wlebSi ganxorcielebul masStabur 

cvlilebebs, ar SeeZlo gavlena ar moexdina JanrTa sistemaze. 

aRniSnul periodSiMmimdinareobs tradiciul JanrTa 

sazRvrebis `gafarToebis~ procesi, vinaidan erTi konkretuli 

Janri ierTebs sxva Janrul elementebs. Janruli sin- 

Tezi ki kinoenis garTulebas iwvevs daEesa Tu is filmi, Tavisi 

gamomsaxvelobiTi formiT veRar Tavsdeba konkretuli 

Janris CarCoSi. Janrebis aRrevas xels uwyobda gamomsaxvel 

40

saSualebaTa mravalferovneba, droisa da sivrcis problemis 

sxvadasxva aspeqtSi asaxva da a.S. 

60-iani wlebis qarTuli kinematografis erT-erT wamyvan 

Janrad iqca komedia, romelic aRniSnul periodSi garkveul 

saxecvlilebebs ganicdis. igi mdidrdeba sxva Janris 

elementebiT an piriqiT, Tavad cdilobs sxva Janrul struqturaSi 

CarTvas, rac am periodSi moRvawe TiTqmis yvela re- 

Jisoris SemoqmedebaSi vlindeba. komikuri elementebis wyalobiT, 

reJisorebi niRbavdnen TavianT kritikul paToss, 

ramac ganapiroba aRniSnuli periodis kinofilmebis alegoriuloba, 

igavuroba. reJisorebi axerxebdnen, rom filmSi 

warmoSobili konfliqti yofiliyo srulad realuri da amave 

dros — farTo ganzogadebis Semcveli. am periodis sauke- 

Teso komediuri filmebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mxiarulebisa 

da sevdis organuli Serwyma, groteskuli da tragikomikuri 

elementebis farTod gamoyeneba. 

erovnuli fenomenis Camoyalibebis gzaze, qarTul kinematografs 

axasiaTebda Tematuri sisadave, dramaturgiuli 

saxecvlilebani, swrafva mxatvrul-dokumenturi kinos 

elementebis sinTezisaken. 

XX saukunis 60-iani wlebis qarTul kinematografSi 

damkvidrebulma SemoqmedebiTi Ziebebis procesebma: axalma 

Tematurma da stilisturma tendenciebma, axalma gamomsaxvelobiTma 

xerxebma, logikuri gagrZeleba hpova Semdgomi 

aTwleulebis kinematografSi. 

41

42 


1. baqraZe a. kino, Teatri. Tbilisi. 1989. gv. 2512. kalandariSvili 

l. `Taoba asaxavs sinamdviles~. J. `xelovneba~. Tbilisi. 

1999. #7-8. gv. 84 

3. oCiauri l. `qarTuli kinos poeturi sawyisebis ZiebaSi~. J. 

`Teatri da cxovreba~. 2004, #1.Ggv. 154 

4. lekboraSvili m. `Janrwarmoqmnis meqanizmebi kinematografSi~. 

J. `TeatrmcodneobiTi da kinomcodneobiTi Ziebebi~. 

2004. #2(21), gv. 119 

Basic Tendencies in the Georgian Cinematography 

in 1960s 

Summary 

Sopio Tavadze 

The present work deals with one of the most interesting and 

important stages in the Georgian cinema of the 1960s. This is the 

period of creative search processes, new thematic or stylistic and genre 

tendencies, innovative expressive means that found their expression in 

the following decades of the Georgian cinematography.

sofio TavaZe 

gamosaxulebisa da xmovani rigis erTianobis 

sakiTxisaTvis oTar ioselianis 

SemoqmedebaSi 

(filmebis: àprilisa“ da `pastoralis“ 

magaliTze) 

reJisori oTar ioseliani im kinoTaobas ganekuTvneba, 

romelic XX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi movida qarTul kinematografSi. 

oTar ioselianis Semoqmedeba mkveTrad individualuria. 

misTvis damaxasiaTebelia analitikuri azrovnebisa 

da kvlevis siRrme, gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis simkacre 

da sisadave. 

oTar ioselianis kinostilistika imdenad kinematografiulia, 

rom Znelad emorCileba sityvier axsnas. mis filmebs 

axasiaTebs uCveulo dramaturgiuli struqtura, romelic 

ar Seicavs ekranuli Txrobis tradiciul sqemas. reJisoris 

yuradReba mimarTulia Tanamedroveobis yvelaze ufro 

siRrmiseuli, mniSvnelovani sulieri Tu zneobrivi aspeqtebisa 

da problemebis asaxvisaken. 

aRniSnul naSromSi SevexebiT gamosaxulebisa da xmovani 

rigis erTianobis sakiTxs, rac kinonawarmoebSi sakmaod 

rTuli misaRwevia da avtoris did ostatobas moiTxovs. am 

sakiTxs mimovixilavT oTar ioselianis filmebis: àprilisa” 

da `pastoralis” magaliTze, sadac, vfiqrobT, yvelaze naTlad 

gamoikveTa gamosaxulebis, xmovani rigisa da sityvieri 

masalis bunebrivad gamTlianebis procesi. 

oTar ioselianis filmebSi, yvela komponenti (maT Soris 

sityvis funqcia), gadawyvetis mkacr formebs eqvemdebareba. 

reJisoris filmebis erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli niSania 

— teqstis, dialogis nakleboba da maTi funqcionaluroba. 

mis filmebSi sityvas sainformacio da dramatuli datvir- 

Tvis nacvlad, — empiriuli funqciebi ekisreba, rasac reJisori 

amgvarad xsnis: `CemTvis mTavaria kinematografiuli 

moqmedeba da ara sityvebi. mayurebeli yuradRebas miapyrobs 

konkretul sityvebs. moqmedeba ki qmnis situacias da es 

43

usityvo ekranuli qmedeba Tu personaJebis gaugebari sityvebiT 

urTierToba, kinematografiul plastikaze amaxvilebs 

yuradRebas. am SemTxvevaSi ki mayurebeli filmis Tanaavtori 

xdeba. igi ufro aqtiurad erTveba moqmedebaSi, vidre 

im dros, roca sityvebiT aixsneba xolme situacia... me 

vcdilob xmovani kinos keTebas da ara salaparakos...~ 

(Иоселиани О. 1978:168) 

metyveleba filmSi — kinonawarmoebis siuJeturi ganvi- 

Tarebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli saxea, romelic garda azrobrivi 

datvirTvisa, filmis zogadi an konkretuli JReradobis 

amsaxvelia (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs metyvelebis tembri, 

dinamika, tempi...). rogorc kinomcodne leonid kozlovi aRniSnavs: 

`sityva ukve didi xania iqca kinematografiuli iersaxis 

aucilebel komponentad. ekranze aucilebeli sityva 

Seicavs mniSvnelovan (zogjer umniSvnelovanes) azrs da aqvs 

didi (zogjer uzarmazari) esTetikuri zemoqmedebis unari. 

magram, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, sityva SesaZlebelia iqces kinosaxis 

mesaflaved. swored sityva akargvinebs kinematografs 

Tavis Seucvlel gamomsaxvelobas~ (Козлов Л., 1980:197). 

oTar ioselianis reJisoruli xedva da individualuri 

xelwera jer kidev reJisoris adreul namuSevrebSi (`sapovnela~, 

1959; àprili~, 1962) gamovlinda. maTSi naTlad gamoikveTa 

saTqmelis gamoxatvis ostatoba da TiTqmis yvela is 

Tavisebureba, romelic etapobrivad, filmidan filmSi ixveweboda 

da srulyofil saxes Rebulobda. es iyo alegoriulsimboluri, 

pirobiTi kinematografiuli Txrobis ena. 

film àprilSi~ gamovlinda oTar ioselianis Semoqmedebis 

mxatvrul-azrobrivi koncefcia, romlis agebuleba 

vizualuri da xmovani rigebis urTierTmonacvleobasa da 

maT dapirispirebazea agebuli. 

àprili~ warmoadgens poetur igavs. filmi mogviTxrobs 

axladdaqorwinebul wyvilze. isini erT patara, Raribul 

binaSi cxovroben. maTi cxovrebisa da urTierTobis poeturobas 

reJisori kinematografiuli xerxebiT aZlierebs: 

axalgazrda wyvilis saubris dros, sityvebis magier Citebis 

WikWiki ismis, onkanis gaRebisas Tu naTuris anTebisas — musikis 

hangebi iRvreba. sul sxvagvaria nivTebisa da avejis SeZenis 

JiniT Sepyrobili maTi mezoblebis yofa. magram male 

44

axalgazrda wyvilic moeqceva garemomcveli sazogadoebis 

gavlenis qveS: TandaTan maTi saxlic nivTebiT, avejiT ivseba, 

rasac axalgazrdebis simSvide miaqvs Tan: ukve maTi saubris 

dros Citebi aRar WikWikeben, onkanis gaRebisas, musikis 

nacvlad wylis Cxriali ismis. sabolood axalgazrdebi Tavisufldebian 

nivTebisa da avejis tyveobidan. kvlav brundeba 

uwindeli silaRe da siyvaruli... 

reJisorma àprilSi“ gviCvena usulo sagnebisadmi siyvaruliT 

gamowveuli sulieri sicariele. filmi mimarTuli 

iyo im yalbi faseulobebis winaaRmdeg, romlebic adamianSi 

axSoben silamazisa da mSvenierebis SegrZnebis, saRad azrovnebis 

unars da garkveul safrTxes uqmnian mis sulierebas. 

avtori cdilobs, alegoriis saSualebiT gaafarTovos 

movlenaTa ganviTareba da arsi. reJisorma xalxis masa, maTi 

erTferovnebisa da erTgvarovnebis misaniSneblad, erTnair 

Sav samosSi gamoawyo. am fonze ki gogonas TeTri kaba mkveTr 

kontrasts qmnis da igi erTgvar `gamonaTebad~, mSvenierebisa 

da siwmindis simbolod aRiqmeba. rodesac qaliSvilSi gardasaxva 

xdeba, mas ukve muqi feris samosSi vxedavT. xolo finalSi, 

reJisorma kvlav TeTri kabiT Semosa gogona, rogorc 

dabrunebuli bednierebisa da harmoniulobis simbolo. 

oTar ioselianis mier sainteresod aris gadawyvetili 

filmis xmovani wyoba, rasac reJisori konceftualur mniSvnelobas 

aniWebs. xSir SemTxvevaSi, filmSi xmovaneba, miuxedavad 

vizualuri mxarisa, kinonawarmoebis ZiriTadi Tematuri 

xazis warmmarTveli xdeba. xmas erTgvari dramaturgiuli 

funqcia akisria: igi xan ritmis ganmsazRvrelia, xan nawarmoebis 

Sinaarsobriv ganviTarebas da gaRrmavebas emsaxureba, 

xanac fsiqologiuri daZabulobis Semomtania. àpril- 

Si“ gamoyenebulia musika da mravalsaxovani naturaluri da 

meqanikuri xmebi (siaruli, sirbili, kakuni, eleqtroxelsawyoebis 

xmauri, xmaurSi gadazrdili meqankuri laparaki da a. 

S.). filmi ar Seicavs dialogs. avtorma azris gamoxatvis 

funqcia, dialogebis nacvlad kinematografiul xerxebs daakisra. 

magaliTad, wyvilis konfliqti filmSi gamoxatulia 

gaurkveveli sityvebis korianteliT. reJisorma magnitofonze 

Cawerili sityvebi piriqiT daatriala da miRebuli 

45

xmovanebiT axalgazrda wyvilis gaucxoeba da arakomunikabeluroba 

gamoxata. 

filmSi dapirispirebulia harmonia da disharmonia, 

rac ara marto xmovani rigiT, aramed vizualuri xerxebiTac 

aris gamoxatuli. msaxiobTa bunebriv moqmedebas Tan erTvis 

hiperboluri xmaurebi da swored am xmovan-xedviT kontrastulobaSi 

vlindeba reJisoris xedva da Canafiqri. 

gamosaxulebasa da xmovan rigs ostaturad uTavsebs 

erTmaneTs oTar ioseliani filmSi `pastorali” (1975). filmSi 

warmoCenilia Tanamedrove sazogadoebis realuri sura- 

Ti: sxvadasxva socialuri fenis warmomadgenelTa yofiTi 

Tu zneobriv-eTikuri problemebi. 

`pastoralSi~ yvelaze metad gamoikveTa oTar ioselianis 

filmebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli `dedramatizacia~ da àntiliteraturuloba~. 

reJisori uaryofs e.w. `realistur~ 

Txrobas, radgan masSi xedavs Tvisobriv siyalbes, vinaidan 

konkretul siuJets miesadageba gamogonili dialogi, msaxiobTa 

gadaWarbebuli artistizmi, paTosi da a.S. reJisori aqtiurad 

gamoxatuli da yalbi `realisturi~ ambis winaaRmdegia. 

ambis moyola gayalbebis did SesaZleblobebs iZleva, 

amitomac oTar ioseliani `moyolas~ — `CvenebiT~ cvlis. raki 

ar gviyveba, amitomac ar xdeba ritmis daZabva, rac improvizaciis 

STabeWdilebas qmnis da filmSi nanaxi, mayureblis mier 

aRiqmeba rogorc dokumenturi masala (kuWuxiZe i., 

2005:89). 

sainteresoa `pastoralis“ xmovani jeri. igi filmis 

dramaturgiul qargas mkafiod gamoxatavs da moqmed pirTa 

saxeebs ayalibebs. musikas, rogorc fons, reJisori TiTqmis 

ar iyenebs, rac aseve reJisoris xelweris dokumentur maneras 

unda mivaweroT. 

erT-erT interviuSi oTar ioseliani aRniSnavs: `Cveulebriv, 

filmis gaxmovanebaze ar vfiqrob, magram vcdilob 

warmovidgino, rom mayurebels sruliad ar esmis personaJis 

ena. es maiZulebs mizanscena imdenad eqspresiuli iyos, rom 

salaparako enac ki Seicvalos. vcdilob, TiToeuli scena 

sityvebis gareSec gasagebi gaxdes. nu ifiqrebT, rom msaxiobebi 

ar laparakoben, piriqiT, zogjer Zalian bevrsac. swo- 

46

ed ase gadaviRe `pastorali~ da bolo filmi afrikaSi `da 

iqmna naTeli...“ (amirejibi n., 2003:167). 

marTlac, filmi `pastorali~ kidev erT argumentad gamodgeba 

gamosaxulebis dominantisa kinematografSi. oTar 

ioselianis personaJebi umeteswilad dialeqtze metyveleben, 

magram es xels ar uSlis reJisors, Txroba Seuferxeblad, 

gamosaxulebis xarjze warmarTos. dialeqtze wamosrolili 

replikebi damxmare elementis funqcias asrulebs, 

rac metad sainteresod da organuladaa Serwymuli filmis 

struqturaSi. kinonawarmoebSi gamosaxulebisa da xmovani 

rigis erTianoba rTuli misaRwevia. Tumca, oTar ioselianma 

`pastoralSi“ misTvis Cveuli ostatobiT SesZlo gamosaxulebisa 

da sityvieri masalis bunebrivad gamTlianeba imgvarad, 

rom ar darRveuliyo filmis TxrobiTi struqtura. 

oTar ioselianis filmebis sityvieri masala (xedviTi 

masalisgan gansxvavebiT), ar aris datvirTuli orazrovnebiT, 

qveteqstebiT, rac reJisoris Semoqmedebis erT-erTi 

Taviseburebaa. mis filmebSi ar saubroben amaRlebul da 

rTul Temebze. ufro metic, reJisors `pastoralSi~ Semoaqvs 

megruli metyveleba, ramac filmis xmovan fons gansakuTrebuli 

koloriti SesZina rogorc stilisturi formis, 

aseve mayureblisaTvis gaugebari metyvelebis funqcionaluri 

mniSvnelobis mxrivac. personaJTa metyveleba metwilad 

gaugebaria da es xerxi filmis dokumentur mxares met 

damajereblobas sZens. 

oTar ioselianis filmebSi personaJTa saubars aravi- 

Tari informaciuli funqcia ar gaaCnia. Tavis filmebs reJisori 

ucxoelebs ar uTargmnis xolme da winaswar afrTxilebs 

maTi saubris umniSvnelobaze. `me ar miyvars sinqronuli 

kameriT muSaoba, radgan warmoTqmuli sityva momaqcevda 

Tavis tyveobaSi da maiZulebda mas gavyolodi. arc lamazi 

frazebi miyvars, amitom Cemi filmebi Targmans ar saWiroeben. 

TviT `pastoralSi~ moqmedi pirebi laparakoben qarTvelebisaTvis 

gaugebar enaze. me iseT epizodebs vageb, sadac 

adamianebi laparakoben, xolo rasac isini amboben, ara aqvs 

araviTari mniSvneloba~ — aRniSnavs oTar ioseliani 

(Иоселиани О., 1978:23). 

47

eJisori dialogebis minimaluri raodenobiT, kinematografiuli 

dinamiurobiT, xmovan-xedviTi wyobiTa da kadris 

azrobrivi kompoziciiT èsaubreba~ mayurebels. `Cven 

gamudmebiT vlaparakobT maSinac ki, roca arc erT sityvas 

ar vambobT~ — aRniSnavs martin haidegeri (Хайдегер М. 

1993:172). oTar ioselianic yovelTvis `laparakobs~ Tavisi 

filmebiT maSinac ki, roca ekranidan arc erTi sityva ar ismis. 

48 


1. amirejibi n., kinoreJisori — oTar ioseliani. Tb., 2003 

2. kuWuxiZe i., òTar ioselianis Semoqmedebis qarTuli periodi~. 

krebuli `qarTveli kinoreJisorebi~. Tb., 2005 

3. Иоселиани О. Кино – это поступок. Сб. «Экран». М., 1987 

4. Козлов Л. Изображение и образ. М., 1980. стр. 197 

5. Некрасов В. Иоселиани против Иоселиани. сб. «Экран». (1971-1972), М., 

1972 

6. Хайдегер М. Творение и истина. М., 1993. 

Sopio Tavadze 

About the Unity of Sound and Image Series in the Works of Otar Ioseliani 

(on the example of the films «April» and «Pastorale») 

Summary 

The present work deals with the unity of sound and image series that is quite 

difficult to be achieved and requires great skills from the author. The issue in the given 

work is discussed by the example of the films by Otar Ioseliani «April» and «Pastoral», 

where in the manner of his habitual skills the director could manage to combine the 

image, sound, and a number of verbal materials without violating the narrative structure 

of the film.

manuCar loria, Tengiz vadaWkoria 

anTropologiuri filmis kompiuteruli montaJi 

montaJi mTavari maorganizebeli saSualebaa, romelic 

sistemis Camoyalibebis ZiriTad meTods warmoadgens. igi pirobiTad 

or nawilad iyofa - montaJis Teoria da praqtikuli 

montaJi. montaJi ar aris mxolod masalis organizaciis 

xerxi. es, upirvelesad, mxatvruli meTodia. reJisoroba am 

meTodis mudmivi srulyofisa da axleburi gaazrebis profesiaa 

(xalvaSi, 2008:172). 

anTropologiuri filmis Seqmnis erT-erTi ZiriTadi 

etapi misi montaJia. es procesi Zalzed sapasuxismgebloa, 

vinaidan filmis „akinZva“ aris saboloo Sedegis ganmsaz- 

Rvreli. didi mniSvneloba aqvs, ramdenad SemoqmedebiTia 

montaJis procesi. teqnologiurma ganviTarebam metad gaaiola 

da gaamravalferovna montaJis teqnikuri SesaZleblobebi 

– TiTqmis mTlianad amovarda firze montaJi, romelic 

specialuri videomagnitofonebis saSualebiT xorcieldeboda, 

Canacvleba ki yvelasaTvis cnobilma mowyobilobam – 

kompiuterma moaxdina. misi saSualebiT Zalzed Sromatevadi 

saqme SedarebiT gamartivda. Seiqmna programebi, romelTa 

klasifikacia sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT, sferoebis mixedviT 

daiyo. ZiriTadad programebi, romlebSic anTropologiuri 

filmis kompiuteruli montaJi xorcieldeba, miekuTvneba 

media da grafikuli redaqtorebis klass. 

anTropologiuri filmis masala videokamerebSi, firze 

fiqsirdeba cifruli signalis saxiT (Mini DV, DV CAM), 

romlis Seyvana kompiuterSi xorcieldeba specialuri platebis 

(Firewure IEEE 139A Card; Pinnacle Systems DV500 da a.S.) 

meSveobiT. kabeliT videokameridan videoplatis gavliT video 

da audioinformacia iwereba failis saxiT vinCesterze. 

filmis akinZvamde kompiuterSi aucilebelia dayendes programebi, 

romlebic saSualebas gvaZlevs videosTan, xmasTan 

49

da suraTTan muSaobas. anTropologiur filmSi xSirad aucileblobas 

warmoadgens skaneriT gadaRebuli da Semdeg 

sxvadasxva grafikul formatSi gadayvanili suraTebis gamoyeneba. 

premieri aris programa, romlis meSveobiTac xdeba 

kompiuterSi videokameridan an videomagnitofonidan gada- 

Rebuli masalis kompiuterSi Seyvana, redaqtireba da sabolood 

eqsporti, anu gatana sxvadasxva formatSi. fotoSopi 

ki suraTebTan samuSao programaa, misi meSveobiT xorcieldeba 

suraTebis redaqtireba da Semdgom Senaxva sxvadasxva 

grafikul formatSi. programa premieris gaxsna da masSi 

montaJis dawyeba xorcieldeba proeqtis parametrebis dayenebis 

Semdgom. 

montaJis dawyebamde kompiteris vinCesterze, winaswar 

SerCeul adgilze unda Seiqmnas saqaRalde da masSi kompaqturad 

ganTavsdes yvela is masala, rac filmisTvisaa saWiro: 

videofaili, suraTi, musika, diqtoris xma, teqsti titrebisaTvis 

da sxva. 

zemoT Tqmulis advilad aRsaqmelad naSromSi ganxilvT 

konkretul magaliTs (ix. suraTi #1). 

50 

suraTi #1

pirobiTad SevqmeniT saqaRalde D:\-diskze da davarqviT 

saxeli–ANTROPOLOGIURI FILMI. amave saqaRaldeSi Cven 

SevqmniT damatebiT sxva saqaRaldeebs failebis kompaqturad 

ganlagebisTvis: 

D:\ ANTROPOLOGIURI FILMI\VIDEO; 

D:\ ANTROPOLOGIURI FILMI\XMA; 

D:\ ANTROPOLOGIURI FILMI\MUSIKA; 

D:\ ANTROPOLOGIURI\SURATEBI; 

D:\ ANTROPOLOGIURI\MASALA. 

TiToeul saqaRaldeSi Sesabamisi formatis faili unda 

movaTavsdes imisaTvis, rom ar moxdes sxvadasxva masalis 

erTmaneTSi areva. masalebs unda SeerCes Tavisi saxeli da 

ganisazRvros maTi adgilmdebareoba vinCesterze: 

D:\ ANTROPOLOGIURI FILMI\VIDEO\kadri 01.avi 

D:\ ANTROPOLOGIURI FILMI\VIDEO\kadri 02.avi 

D:\ ANTROPOLOGIURI FILMI\XMA\diqtori.wav 

D:\ ANTROPOLOGIURI FILMI\MUSIKA\track.mp3 

D:\ ANTROPOLOGIURI FILMI\SURATEBI\saxli.jpg 

D:\ ANTROPOLOGIURI FILMI\SURATEBI\saxli.bmp 

amis Semdgom unda gaixsnas programa premieri da mieni- 

Wos saWiro parametrebi (DV PAL). 

proeqts, romelic gaixsneba, unda daerqvas saxeli da 

pirobiTad moxdeba misi Senaxva Semdeg misamarTze: 

D:\ ANTROPOLOGIURI FILMI\ dokumenturi filmis proeqti.-prproj. 

proeqtis gaxsnis Semdeg unda moxdes video da audiofailebis 

Semotana (file\import ) programaSi (ix. suraTi #2). 

51

52 

suraTi #2 

Ile import D:\ FILMI\ kadri 01.avi 

FileimportD:\ ANTROPOLOGIURI FILMI\kadri 02.avi 

File import D:\ ANTROPOLOGIURI FILMI\XMA\diqtori.wav 

Fileimport D:\ ANTROPOLOGIURI FILMI\MUSIKA\ track. mp3 

FileimportD:\ANTROPOLOGIURI 

FILMI\SURATEBI\saxli.jpg 

FileimportD:\ANTROPOLOGIURI 

FILMI\SURATEBI\saxli.bmp 

importirebis Semdeg programaSi aris yvela is faili, 

rac filmis montaJs esaWiroeba. reJisori memontaJes miu- 

TiTebs amowerili saWiro kadrebis taimkodebs. kadrebis 

SerCeva xdeba marcxena monitorSi. amave monitorSi biblio- 

Tekidan unda moTavsdes saWiro kadri mausis saSualebiT, 

marcxena Rilakze xelis gauSveblad. Semdeg xdeba saWiro 

kadris moniSvna da Camotana videobilikze, xolo diqtoris

xma ganTavsdeba audiobilikze. swored xmasTan SesabamisobaSi 

unda moxdes videomasalis Camotana da ganlageba videobilikebze. 

zusti koreqtireba aqve xdeba. videomasala videobilikze 

erT zolze Tanmimdevrulad ganlagebuli sura- 

Tebis saxiTaa warmodgenili, rac bilikze arsebuli videomasalis 

vizualuri aRqmis maCvenebels sakmaod zrdis (ix. suraTi 

#3). 

suraTi #3 

samontaJo magidaze montaJis procesi xorcieldeba 

instrumentebis daxmarebiT, romlebic ganlagebulia magidis 

marjvena mxares. 

xmis mixedviT kadrebis awyoba sagrZnoblad aadvilebs 

montaJis process. xmaze Sesabamisi kadrebis ganlagebiT 

droc izogeba da Sromac Sedegiania. Tumca, arsebobs sapirispiro 

meTodi, rodesac eTnologs da reJisors urCevnia 

53

gegmis mixedviT daasrulos gamosaxulebis montaJi da amis 

Semdeg SeimuSaos scenaris sruli varianti da daados films. 

programa premierSi videobilikze (da ara audiobilikze) 

xdeba rogorc videos, aseve suraTebis ganlageba. unda 

moiniSnos programaSi importirebuli erT-erTi suraTi mausis 

marcxena Rilakis fiqsirebiT da moxdes misi Camotana 

biblioTekidan samontaJo magidaze. Tuki suraTis ganTavseba 

isea saWiro, rom moxdes videokadris nawilobrivi gadafarva, 

maSin ar unda dagvaviwydes, is garemoeba, rom Sreebi, 

ganTavsebuli erTmaneTis zemoT, faravs mis qvemoT mdebares, 

anu, fotoSopis msgavsad daculia Sreebis ganlagebis 

principi. suraTi #3–ze naCvenebia amis konkretuli magali- 

Ti. monitorSi Cans qmedebis amsaxveli zusti vizualuri gamosaxuleba 

– ruka, romelic formatiT ar emTxveva dv 

(720x576) formats - zomiT SedarebiT mcirea, ris gamoc qvemoT 

naTlad Cans videokadri (kldeebi da maT Soris gamavali 

gza). aqve unda aRiniSnos is, rom bilikebis horizontaluri 

da Tanmimdevruli Tanawyoba, fotoSopis msgavsad, Sreebs 

warmoqmnis da iseve, rogorc fotoSopSi, zeda bilikze mo- 

Tavsebuli gamosaxuleba faravs mis qvemoT mdebares, anu 

Sreebis principi aqac gaTvaliswinebulia. premieris yovel 

axal versiaSi garkveuli cvlilebebi Sedis. Cvens mier gamoyenebuli 

arastandartuli suraTis magaliTze Cans, rom 

premieris - Adobe Premiere Pro CS3 versiaSi suraTi ar saWiroebs 

fotoSopSi winaswar parametris (720x576) dayenebas da 

martivad gvardeba. igive ar aris - Adobe Premiere 6.5-Si da mis 

winamorbedebSi, radgan am versiebSi Tu suraTi ar emTxveoda 

proeqtis parametrebis zust proporcias (720x576), am Sem- 

TxvevaSi gamosaxuleba CarCoSi gawelilad Tavsdeba. 

anTropologiuri filmis montaJis bolo etapia musikaluri 

gaformeba. musikis SerCeva eTnologis, reJisorisa 

da musikaTmcodnis erToblivi gadawyvetilebiT xdeba. Ser- 

Ceul musikas ukeTdeba importi premierSi, biblioTekidan, 

54

iseve, rogorc yvela danarCens da mausis daxmarebiT Tavsdeba 

Sesabamis xmis bilikze. xmis done unda daregulirdes ise, 

rom musikam ar gadafaros diqtoris xma da filmic mzad 

aris eqsportisaTvis, anu filmis montaJi dasrulda da axla 

saWiroa misi erT failad Sekvra. 

magram sanam eqsporti gakeTdeba, saWiroa damontaJebuli 

filmis kidev erTxel Tavidan bolomde gadaxedva, raTa 

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moxdes Sesworebebis Setana da yovelives 

Semdeg – misi eqsporti, rac Semdegnairad xorcieldeba: 

samuSao magidis zemo nawilSi swordeba samuSao sivrcis 

moniSvnis zoli (Work area bar) da xdeba brZanebis micema: 

Fileexportmovie, an ubralod vawvebiT Rilakebs: Ctrl+m gamosul 

CarCoSi ki films mieniWa saxeli da amis Semdeg mieTi- 

Teba misamarTi, magaliTisTvis: D:\ ANTROPOLOGIURI 

FILMI\dasrulebuli filmi.avi da vadasturebT - Ok. 

dasrulda filmis kompiuteruli montaJis bolo etapis 

ganxilva da unda aRiniSnos, rom teqnologiuri procesebis 

mudmivad ganaxlebisa da progresirebis pirobebSi, im dros, 

roca ganuwyvetliv naxldeba kompiuteruli programebis 

versiebi da mimdinareobs maTi srulyofis procesi, aucilebelia 

siaxleebisa da novatoruli ideebis danergva, raTa 

igi iyos Seuqcevadi da mudmivad ganviTarebadi (loria, 

2009:77-84; Карвер-www.dialektika.com/cgi-bin/ more. cgi? isbn=5- 

8459-0666-0; Дроблас-www.dialektika.com/cgi-bin/ more. cgi?isbn=5- 

8459-0877-9). 

55

56 

damowmebuli literatura 

1. loria m. anTropologiuri filmi, Tb., 2009. 

2. xalvaSi z. kinoreJisuris swavlebis koncefcia, baT., 2008. 

3. Дроблас А., Гринберг С. Adobe Premiere Pro.- www.dialektika.com/ 

cgi-bin/ more.cgi?isbn=5-8459-0877-9. 

4. Карвер С. Видеомонтаж, спецэффекты, создание видеокомпозиций.- 

www.dialektika.com/cgi-bin/ more. cgi? isbn=5-8459-0666-0. 

Manuchar Loria, Tengiz Vadachkoria 

Computer Editing of an Anthropological Film 

The article deals with the peculiarities of the computer editing of an 

anthropological film. It should be noted that in the conditions of constant 

innovation and progression of thechnological processes, time when 

computer versions are continually updated and the process of their 

perfection is going on, it is necessary to implement innovations and new 

ideas so that it might be constantly developing.

kulturis istoria 

irma bagrationi 

konstantine kapaneli xelovnebis saxeTa 

sociologiuri aqcentebis Sesaxeb 

CvenTvis sainteresoa, Tu rogor afuZnebs gamoCenili 

qarTveli filosofosi konstantine kapaneli (1889-1952) socialuri 

esTetikis mTavar princips — xelovnebaze sazogadoebrivi 

cxovrebis da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaze xelovnebis 

gavlenas — xelovnebis ZiriTad saxeTa mimarT. 

`qarTuli suli esTetikur saxeebSi~ (1926) aris kapanelis 

pirveli mcdeloba sistemurad ganixilos mxatvruli 

literaturis ganviTareba organotropuli sociologiis 

ZiriTadi debulebebis Suqze. rodesac avtori gansazRvravs 

am naSromis `TvalTaxedvis princips~, aRniSnavs: `Cveni wigni 

erTgvari cdaa qarTuli Semoqmedebis sistematizaciisa organotropuli 

sociologiis TvalTaxedviT~ (kapaneli, 

1996:31). 

kapaneli cdilobs daasabuTos, rom mxatvrul-literaturuli 

nawarmoebis stili, forma da Sinaarsi arsobrivad 

sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebis refleqsia. misi azriT, `qar- 

Tuli suli, gansaxierebuli qarTul literaturaSi, warmoadgens 

qarTveli xalxis socialuri gancdebis, survilebisa 

da idealebis mxatvrul gamofenas kacobriobis organotropiul 

da kuTxebriv SemoqmedebaTa galereaSi~ (kapaneli, 

1996:29). 

cnobilia, rom mxatvruli literaturis sociologiis 

sawyisebs safuZveli Cauyara franguli esTetikis warmomadgenelma 

a. l. J. de stalma (1766-1817). saqme isaa, rom madam de 

stalma Tavisi wigniT `literatura ganxiluli sazogadoebriv 

dawesebulebebTan mimarTebaSi~ (1808), pirvelma aqcia 

socialuri cxovrebis gavlena mxatvrul literaturaze da 

literaturisa cxovrebaze specialuri ganxilvis sagnad. avtoris 

azriT, `mxatvruli literaturis esa Tu is xasiaTi 

ganisazRvreba eris cxovrebis pirobebiT, qveynis zneobiT, 

CvevebiT, saxelmwifo dawesebulebebiT da socialuri gan- 

57

wyobebiT; Tavis mxriv, literatura mxatvruli gmirebiT gavlenas 

axdens xalxis gonsa da zneobaze~ (Де Сталь, 1989:39). 

sayuradReboa, rom kapanelis mixedviT, socialuri vi- 

Tarebis konkretuli saxe da specifika asuldgmulebs musikalur 

Semoqmedebasac. mas musikaluri cxovrebis ritmi dahyavs 

socialuri cxovrebis ritmze da maT Soris pirdapir 

kavSirs amyarebs. musikaluri xelovnebis sociologiuri 

analizi masTan gansakuTrebiT naTlad gamovlinda didi avstrieli 

kompozitoris v. a. mocartis (1756-91) Semoqmedebis 

ganxilvisas. Tavis naSromSi “mocarti, beThoveni, vagneri” 

(1933) kapaneli cdilobs mocartis Semoqmedeba ganixilos 

rogorc arsebuli socialuri yofierebis gamoxatuleba: 

`mocartis nawerebSi garkveviTaa mocemuli sazogadoebaSi 

gabatonebuli jgufebis gemovneba, gamosaxulia epoqis socialuri 

are: ori didi klasi gamwarebiT ebrZvis erTmaneTs 

da am brZolis konkretuli istoriuli forma aZlevs mimar- 

Tulebas epoqis ideologias da masTan erTad musikis ganvi- 

Tarebas~ (kapaneli, 1967:9). 

aRsaniSnavia, rom musikaluri xelovnebis Teoriis ganviTarebisTvis 

sociologiuri analizis aucileblobaze 

erT-erTi pirveli miuTiTebda espaneli filosofosi da xelovnebis 

Teoretikosi Oortega-i-gaseti (1883-1955). igi Tavis 

naSroms “xelovnebis dehumanizaciis” Sesaxeb (1925) iwyebs 

swored imis mtkicebiT, rom musikaluri nawarmoebis gasagebad, 

upirveles yovlisa, aucilebelia gavanaalizoT misi 

socialuri Zirebi, romelSic is aRmocenda. rogorc ortega-i-gaseti 

aRniSnavs, xelovnebis sociologiis arsi man 

aRmoaCina maSin, roca wera mouxda im musikalur epoqaze, romelic 

iwyeboda musikaSi impresionizmis fuZemdebeli frangi 

kompozitoriT — debiusiT (1862-1918): `vcdilobdi gamerkvia, 

ramdenadac SeiZleboda didi sizustiT, gansxvaveba axali 

da tradiciuli musikis stilSi. Cemi problema iyo wminda 

esTetikuri xasiaTisa, da mainc aRmoCnda, rom yvelaze mokle 

gza mis gadasaWrelad — es iyo Seswavla mTlianad sociologiuri 

fenomenis da, kerZod, axali musikis arapopularobis~. 

misi azriT, “WeSmaritad gasaocaria is mWidro Sinagani 

mTlianoba, romelsac yoveli socialur-istoriuli epoqa 

58

inarCunebs Tavis yvela gamovlenaSi da, maT Soris, xelovnebaSi~ 

(Ортега-и-Гассет, 1999:377). 

gamomsaxvelobiT xelovnebaTa sociologiur analizs 

kapanelTan adgili aqvs ferweris mimarT. igi xazs usvams 

cnobil faqts imis Sesaxeb, rom XX saukunis dasawyisSi germaniaSi 

eqspresionistuli ferwera warmoiSva rogorc imperializmis 

epoqis umwvavesi winaaRmdegobis gamoZaxili: `kapitalisturi 

samyaros nervuli moZraoba revoluciur RelvaTa 

Semdeg ferebis borialebiT ixreba eqspresionizmisken; 

eqspresionizmi gancdis stilia, sarkea sulis socialuri 

wvalebisa, socialuri cxovrebis STabeWdilebaTa mRelvare 

TamaSis...~ (kapaneli, 1989:308). 

saxviTi xelovnebis mimarT sociologiuri midgomis 

TvalsazrisiT, aRsaniSnavia germaneli xelovnebis Teoretikosis 

i. burkhardtis cnobili wigni àRorZinebis kultura 

italiaSi~ (1860), romelic eZRvneba italiuri sazogadoebis 

sxvadasxva socialuri fenis mdgomareobisa da gemovnebis 

gavlenas mxatvrobaze. avtoris azriT, `renesansis xelovnebis 

ganviTareba ganuyrelad aris dakavSirebuli italiis 

socialuri fonis cvlilebebTan. kvatroCentos mxatvroba 

da epoqis socialuri yofiereba hgavs ara medalis or 

mxares, aramed Tanaziar WurWlebs, sadac siTxis donisa da 

Semadgenlobis cvlileba erTSi gardauvalad da sakmao siswrafiT 

adeqvaturad aisaxeba meoreSi~ ( Головин, 2003:97). 

xelovnebis ZiriTadi saxeebidan kapanelis sociologiuri 

dainteresebis gansakuTrebul SemTxvevas warmoadgens 

Teatraluri xelovneba. avtoris SexedulebiT, Teatris safuZveli 

— dramaturgia Tavisi arsebiT socialur grZnoba- 

Ta originaluri gamoxatulebaa, `ramdenadac mkiTxvelSi, 

msmenelSi, mayurebelSi iwvevs TanasaxeobiT emociebs, mona- 

Tesave interesebs~ (kapaneli, 1996:87). avtori xazs usvams 

Teatris mniSvnelovan Taviseburebas — SemoqmedebiTi aqtis 

(msaxiobis mier saxis Seqmnis) mayureblis Tvalwin mimdinareobas, 

marTebulad aRiarebs amis wyalobiT auditoriaze sulieri 

zemoqmedebis amouwurav SesaZleblobebs, Tumca speqtaklis 

gansakuTrebuli mimzidvelobis gasaRebs mayurebel- 

Tan msaxiobis cocxali kontaqtis socializaciaSi eZebs. 

59

is garemoeba, rom kapaneli Teatraluri xelovnebis arsobriv 

gamokvlevas axdens sociologiur bazisze, ar aris 

SemTxveviTi. saqme isaa, rom samsaxiobo xelovneba Soreuli 

warsulidan, Tavisi arsebobis yvela periodSi, gamorCeul 

socialur datvirTvas atarebda. ase, magaliTad, antikur 

samyaroSi speqtaklebi Cveulebriv bunebis wiaRSi mimdinareobda, 

rogorc sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis realuri nawili. 

Sua saukuneebSi, Teologiis batonobis epoqaSi, TeatrSi ganviTarda 

religiuri Janri — misteria — saeklesio dadgmebis 

saxiT. feodalur-absoluturi wyobis damxobis Semdeg Cndeba 

demokratiuli xasiaTis `bulvaruli~ Teatrebi. franguli 

burJuaziuli revoluciis SedegebiT sazogadoebis gulgatexilobas 

ki mohyva romantikuli Teatris warmoSoba. rogorc 

Cans, samsaxiobo Semoqmedebis socialuri aspeqtebi xelovnebis 

istoriaSi TiTqmis arasdros ar kargavda aqtualobas 

da ar tovebda Teatris scenas. 

dasasruls, unda aRiniSnos imis Sesaxeb, rom konstantine 

kapanelis mier xelovnebis saxeTa ganviTarebisa da 

formaTcvalebis axsna socialuri mizezebiT, rac xelovnebis 

sociologiis problemebis dasma da gacnobierebaa, siaxles 

warmoadgenda qarTul esTetikur azrovnebaSi. 

60 

gamoyenebuli litaratura: 

1. kapaneli k., filosofiuri Sromebi, Tbilisi, 1989 

2. kapaneli k., qarTuli suli esTetikur saxeebSi, Tbilisi, 1996 

3. kapaneli k., mocarti, beThoveni, vangeri, Tbilisi, 1967 

4. Головин В. П., Мир художника раннего итальянского Возрождения, 

Серия «Очерки визуальности», Москва, 2003 

5. Ортега-и-Гассет Х., Дегуманизация искусства, Перевод С. Л. 

Воробьева, Москва, 1991 

6. Сталь А. Л. Ж. де, О литературе, рассмотренной в связи с 

обшественными установлениями, Москва, 1989

Irma Bagrationi 

Konstantine Kapaneli on the Sociological Accents of Figures of Art 

Summary 

The present paper discusses why and how the 20 th century Georgian 

philosopher K. Kapaneli made sociological analysis of separate figures of art. 

“Georgian Spirit in Aesthetic Figures” is Kapaneli’s first attempt to systematically 

discuss the development of fiction on the background of the main principles of 

Organotropic Sociology. It shows how Kapaneli made the analysis of the 19 th 

century Georgian fiction analysis sociologically. 

The paper underlines that Kapaneli discusses main principle of art sociology 

toward music art. According to Kapaneli’s aesthetics painting, sculpturology, 

graphical art takes the style that is demanded by the social life interest. Art of theatre 

is the most special event among Kapaneli’s sociological interests. The whole 

mixture of the art of theatre – dramatist, designer, composer, artist – these are people 

whose powerful evaluation should be conducted considering social reality. The 

author concludes that Kapaneli made the basis of not only the Art Sociology but its 

separate figures in Georgian aesthetic thinking. 

The paper draws some parallels between Kapanelian conception and Spanish 

art critic Jose Ortega-Y-Gasset, French theorist of literature M-me Ann Jermena de 

Stael, Swiss historian of art Jakob Burckhardt’s doctrines on the questions of 

sociological accents of art. 

61

62 

ermile mesxia 

kulturisa da erovnuli cnobierebis 

problemebi 

ilia WavWavaZis publicitikaSi 

ilia WavWavaZe qarTveli eTnosis gadarCenis saidumlos 

qarTuli kulturis wiaRSi eZebda, radgan qarTuli 

kultura (misi mravalmxrivi SinaarsiT) erovnuli TviTaRqmis 

(identobis) umniSvnelovanes elements warmoadgens. 

publicistur werilebSi ài istoria~, `ra giTxraT? 

riT gagaxaroT?~, èri da istoria~, `qvaTa RaRadi~, `daviT 

aRmaSenebeli~, `luarsab wamebuli~ da sxv. ilia WavWavaZes 

umTavres sakiTxad miaCnda imis gamokvleva, Tu ra Sinagani 

Zalebis daZabviT SesZlo qarTvelma erma saukuneTa manZilze 

`dRe-da-Ram iaraRiT xelSi~ gadaerCina sakuTari arseboba 

da kultura. 

ilia Tavis publicistur werilebSi xSirad iyenebs cnebas 

èrovnuli cnobiereba~, romelsac, misi azriT, eris istoria 

asazrdoebs. istoria mas warmodgenili aqvs, rogorc 

`saganZuri~, sadac eri Tavis vinaobas poulobs. istoria mis- 

Tvis aris `cnobieri cxovreba~ (qerqaZe, 2005:29), romelic 

gamoxatavs `sulier da xorciel vinaobas~ èris krebulisas, 

mis azrs da arsebobis mizans~. vinc Tavisi istoria ar icis, 

ambobs ilia, mas gamoclili aqvs `tani Tavisi vianobisa~. 

saqarTvelos bedis mZebnelis didi misia rom Seesrulebina, 

ilias zedmiwevniT unda scodnoda Cveni xalxis warsuli 

da awmyo, xasiaTi da Tviseba, zne da Cveuleba, sulieri 

wyoba da gonebrivi avladideba (baqraZe, 1984:71). qarTveli 

xalxi didi sulieri kulturis memkvidrea. ilia WavWavaZis 

SexedulebiT, swored aseTi saamayo warsulis Seswavlasa da 

marTebul Sefasebas unda warmoeCina Cveni xalxis kulturuli 

saxec da erovnuli TavisuflebisaTvis gamwvavebul 

brZolaSi unda daesabuTebina misi arsebobis ufleba (caiSvili, 

1985:13). 

ilia, rom gansakuTrebiT dainteresebuli iyo saqar- 

Tvelos istoriis SeswavliT, es Zalian kargad Cans mis pub-

licistur da mxatvrul SemoqmedebaSi. istoriis Temaze Seqmnil 

yvela mis nawarmoebSi saqarTvelos istoriis Rrma 

codna da analizi Cans. poema àCrdilis~ gadamuSavebisas 

erT kerZo werilSi (1872 wlis ivlisi) mwerali SeniSnavs: `me 

arafersa vwer. am aCrdilma tyavi gamaZro istoriuls nawilzed... 

Sevdeg da erTi nabiji win ver warvdgi. ra vqna. vambob 

am aCrdils Tavi davanebo meTqi. eg oxeri Cveni istoria... 

marto omebisa da mefeebis istoriaa, eri arsad Cans~ (WavWavaZe, 

1987:48). 

warsulis `Cxreka~ mas eris Rvawlisa da erovnuli xasiaTis 

warmosaCenad sWirdeboda, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ 

legendaruli saxeebis, erovnuli gadarCenis idealebisaTvis 

axali, droisaTvis Sesaferisi suli STaebera da gaeRvi- 

Zebina erovnuli Segneba (asaTiani, 1982:283). 

msoflios istoriaze dakvirvebiT mwerals mudam awvalebda 

fiqri imaze, ra Zalam STabera qarTvel ers ukvdavi 

suli da ukidegano okeaneSi ixsna igi gadaSenebisagan. kiTxvaze 

`ram gvixsna?~ Tavadve mokled, Rrmaazrobrivad gasca 

pasuxi. iliaseuli triada — `mamuli, ena, sarwmunoeba~ — qar- 

TvelTa erovnuli TviTSegnebis masazrdoebeli wyaro iyo. 

qarTveloba, rogorc eri, swored erovnuli cnobierebis 

simtkicem ixsna. 

sityva `mamuli~, romlis propagandasac ilia WavWavaZe 

eweoda, asocirdeboda erovnul fesvebTan, adgilTan, sadac 

qarTveloba, rogorc eri iSva. iliasaTvis mamuli sarwmunoebaa 

da sarwmunoeba mamulSia ganivTebuli (kiknaZe, 2005:43). 

qarTvelTa cnobierebaSi uxsovari droidan mkveTrad gamoxatuli 

Cans mamulisadmi, mSobliuri fuZe-kerisadmi, rogorc 

sxvagvarad ilia ambobda, adgilis dedisadmi ara ubralo, 

SeiZleba iTqvas, fanatikuri siyvaruli. am rwmenis garda, 

sxva mamulis cneba qarTveli kacis cnobierebaSi ar arsebobda. 

erovnuli cnobierebis sxva (ena, salocavi) niSnebTan 

erTad, swored es faqtori iyo Cveni winaprebis maradiuli 

problema — `dRe-da-Ram iaraRiT xelSi~ daecva fuZe-kera. 

amitomac, ilias azriT, `Cvenis glexkacobisTvis Znelia adgilidam 

daZvra~. iZulebiT ayril-gaxiznuli mtrebisagan iavarqmnil 

sofels ubrundeboda, fuZe-keraze cecxls gaaCa- 

Rebda da Tavidan iwyebda cxovrebas. fuZe-kerisadmi amgvari 

63

wmena da siyvaruli dedamiwaze sxva xalxTa istoriam ar 

icis. kera qarTveli kacis namusicaa da Rirsebac. amitom 

aravis apatiebda igi keris wabilwvas. 

ilia WavWavaZes qarTvelTa es Tviseba hqonda mxedvelobaSi, 

roca werda: `Cveni xalxi Tavisis binadrobis didi da 

mkvidri moyvarea. igi sofeli, saca mis mama-papas Zvlebi 

umarxia, saca mama-papis salocavia, Cvenis glexisaTvis metad 

Zvirfasi ram aris. dResac Tu bedis brunvas erTis adgilidam 

meoreSi gadmousaxlebia vinme, imis SviliSvilni da ufro 

Soreulni STamomavloba TiTqmis yovelwliv uwindelis 

binis dasaxedad midis, mama-papis xatisa da salocavis Tayvanissacemlad 

daiareba... amitomac Znelia Cvenis glexkacobisaTvis 

adgilidam daZvra.~ (WavWavaZe, 1957:26:188). 

saqarTvelos mtrebma, miuxedavad araerTgzis mcdelobisa, 

ver SeZles qarTveli kaci moewyvitaT mSobliuri kerisa 

da miwisagan. mis cnobierebaSi ver waSales mamulis siyvarulis 

gancda. 

erovnuli cnobierebis meore umTavres pirobad ilias 

mSobliuri ena miaCnda, rogorc àrsebiTi niSani erovnobisa, 

misi suli da guli~. swored èna adamianisa, misi sityviereba 

mTeli xelTuqmneli istoriaa erisa~, romelic xels uwyobs 

erovnuli cnobirebis Camoyalibebas. eri rogorc `krebuli 

mkvidrTa~, gulisxmobs enis erTianobas. ena iliasaTvis ar 

aris iarliyi an niSanTa sistema, aramed igi aris `sarke erisa~. 

ena aris `gasaRebi daketilisa~. swored qarTulma enam 

(warmarTuli panTeonis da kulturis sxva arqetipebis saer- 

To terminologia da Sinaarsi) xeli Seuwyo daqsaqsul qar- 

Tvelur tomebSi urTierTnaTesaobis da erovnuli TviTSegnebis 

gadarCenas, ramac udidesi roli Seasrula qveynis gaerTianebis 

sxvadasxva etapze. es araerTxel dadasturebula 

rogorc farnavazis epoqaSi, aseve gviandel xanaSic. `qar- 

Tlis enam~ gaerTianebul saxelmwifoSi rom Rirseuli da 

upiratesi adgili daimkvidra sxva satomo enaTa Soris, es am 

enis matarebeli tomebis da upirvelesad `qarTlis enis~ 

`gansakuTrebuli Tvisebis~ Sedegia, romelsac ilias sityvebiT 

`bevri sxva, ufro warmatebulad miCneuli enebi Sehnatroben~ 

(WavWavaZe, 1955:87). 

64

ena eris kulturis saxea. enaSi Cans ara mxolod sakuTriv 

— erovnuli, aramed isc, Tu ras iTvisebs da iTavsebs 

erovnuli kultura. Tu ra unda gaiTavisos erovnulma kulturam, 

amis impulss iZleva ena (siraZe, 2008:192). ilias 

Rrmad swamda, rom ena eris kulturis produqticaa da misi 

Semdgomi ganviTarebis safuZvelic. niSandoblivia, rom ilia 

WavWavaZe eris sulieri dakninebis erT-erT gamovlinebad 

swored enis waxdenas miiCnevda. erovnuli TviTSegneba, 

erovnulobis SegrZneba, erovnuli msoflgageba materialurad, 

garegnulad eniT vlindeba (jorbenaZe, 1997:195). Sem- 

TxveviTi ar aris, rom èna~ Zvel qarTulSi, iseve rogorc 

sxva Zvel enebSi, mxolod enas ki ar niSnavda, aramed xalxs, 

erovnebas, modgmas. s. yauxCiSvilis mier `qarTlis cxovrebis~ 

II tomisaTvis darTul leqsikonSi (qarTlis cxovreba, 

1959, 756) orgvari ganmartebaa ènisa~, pirveli — pirdapiri 

mniSvnelobiT, meore — tomis, naTesavis mniSvnelobiT. amitomac 

acxadebda ilia WavWavaZe eris upirveles niSnad enas. 

am SemTxvevasi igi v. humboltis koncefcias emyareboda: àrsebiTi 

niSani erovnebisa, misi suli da guli enaa.~ cnobilia, 

rom erovnulobaze ieriSis mitana yovelTvis erovnuli enis 

xelyofiT iwyeboda, radgan swored enis dakargva xdeboda 

safuZveli erovnuli gadagvarebisa. maSinac ki, roca erovnulobis 

niSani arsebiTad religiurobis niSniT Seicvala, 

saqarTvelos konsolidaciis upirveles niSnad isev da isev 

ena miiCneoda (jorbenaZe, 1997:195). 

erTiani erovnuli TviTSegnebis Camoyalibebis pirvel 

etapze gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs erTiani sarwmunoebis 

SemoRebas, upiratesad erTRmerTianobas, romelmac adrindelze 

metad didi roli Seasrula qveynis sxvadasxva mxaris 

kulturulsa da politikur SekavSirebaSi. amas ki eTnosocialuri 

konsolidaciis saqmeSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba 

eniWeba (siraZe, 2000:224). 

qristianobamdeli qarTveli kacis kulturuli saxe 

iyo: Camomavloba (qarTlosianoba), ena (qarTuli), teritoria 

(qarTuli), rjuli (qarTlosis saflavi da mnaTobebi) da 

istoria (mama-papaTa xsovnis pativiscema). moxda didi istoriuli 

texili: qarTuli warmarToba qristianobiT Seicvala 

da kulturuli cnebis `qarTvelis~ SinaarsSi qristianobis 

65

momentma is adgili daikava, rac aqamde qarTul warmarTobas 

eWira. qarTvelma xalxma, n. berZeniSvilis azriT, am religias 

qarTuli elferi misca da `qarTveli~ axlo aRmosavleTSi 

somxurisa da berZnuli qristianobisagan gansxvavebuli 

(eniT) religiis aRmniSvnel cnebad iqca. es iyo qristianobis 

individualizacia qarTveli xalxis mier. somxebisa da ber- 

Znebis gverdiT es iyo kulturuli gamarjveba (berZeniSvili, 

1990:383). 

qarTuli marTlmamdidebloba erovnuli Sexedulebebis 

sistemaa: masSi orTodoqsuli qristianobis principeb- 

Tan da dogmebTan erTad `Semotanilia~ erovnul-warmarTuli 

cnobierebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ritualebi, qristianobis 

zogadsakacobrio zneobriv principebTan erTad erovnuli 

msoflmxedvelobiTi zneobrivi Rirebulebebi (gegeSi- 

Ze, 1997:19). 

qristianobam gza gauxsna eTnikuri erTobis Segnebas, 

rasac sabolood monaTesave tomebis erT erovnul organizmad 

SekavSireba mohyva. qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad 

gamocxadebidan axali etapi daiwyo erTiani erovnuli cnobierebis 

ganviTarebaSi. 

ilias miaCnda, rom qarTveli eris istoriuli damsaxureba 

da misia gamoixateba gansakuTrebul TavdadebaSi qristianobis 

mimarT. misTvis qristianoba aris absoluturi da 

universaluri Rirebuleba. `qriste RmerTi jvars ecva qveynisaTvis 

da Cvenc jvars vecviT qristesaTvis~. `xorci miveciT 

sulisaTvis da erTma muWa erma qristianoba SevinaxeT~ 

(WavWavaZe, 19:175). ilia amaSi xedavs qarTveli eris Rirsebas 

da ganumeoreblobas. 

qristianobam uRrmesi zemoqmedeba moaxdina qarTvel- 

Ta erovnul msoflmxedvelobaze. ufro metic, mTeli Cveni 

erovnuli cnobierebis dRemde moRweuli karkasi swored 

qristianobis mier aris konstruirebuli. 

V—X ss. qarTuli kultura Camoyalibda erTian mZlavr 

organizmad, romelmac waSala Temobrivi zRvari monaTesave 

eTnosebs Soris da maTi konsolidacia moaxdina. qristianuli 

erovnuli cnobierebis Camoyalibebis damagvirgvinebeli 

etapi iyo erTiani kulturis mqone monaTesave xalxebis erT 

politikur organizmad gaerTianeba. qarTuli erovnuli 

66

TviTSegneba da saqarTvelos samefos gaerTianeba ideologiurad 

qarTulma eklesiam moamzada (mWedliSvili, 2004:19). 

qristianoba mtkiced damkvidrda qarTvelTa cnobierebaSi 

SuasaukuneebSi (da momdevno epoqaSi). sarwmunoebis 

mtkiced dacva niSnavda erovnuli meobis SenarCunebas da piriqiT. 

SuasaukuneebSi (da amJamadac) qristianul sarwmunoebasTan 

erTad enisa da mamulis (adgilis deda, teritoria, 

sadac iSva qarTvelTa modgma) siyvarulis gancda erTobliobaSi 

iyo is saZirkveli, razedac idga qarTvelTa erovnuli 

TviTSegnebis cixe-simagre, romlis moSla verc erT epoqaSi 

ver SeZles Cveni qveynis mtrebma. rac ufro metad sdevnidnen 

dampyroblebi sarwmunoebas, enas da patriotul suliskveTebas, 

metad mtkicdeboda qarTvelTa erovnuli cnobiereba. 

qarTul erovnul cnobierebaSi axali etapi, rodesc 

qarTveli mxolod marTlmadidebel qarTvels ar niSnavda, 

XIX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi ilia WavWavaZis cnobili weriliT 

òsmalos saqarTvelo~ daiwyo. òsmaleTis saqarTvelos~ 

qarTvelTa dabrunebiT TiTqos gafermkrTalda mis TvalSi 

is arqetipuli `sami RvTaebrivi saunje~, romelic man ufro 

adre gamoacxada. axla istorias daekisra eris erTsulovnobis 

da vinaobis (identobis) SemanarCunebeli funqcia (kikna- 

Ze, 2005:52). àr gvaSinebs-meTqi Cven is garemoeba, rom Cven 

Zmebs osmalos saqarTveloSi mcxovrebT, dRes mahmadiani 

sarwmunoeba uWiravT. oRond movides kvlav is bednieri dRe, 

rom Cven erTmaneTs kidev SevuerTdeT, kvlav daumtkicebs 

qveyanas, rom igi ar erCis adamianis sinidiss da didi xnis 

ganSorebul Zmas Zmuradve saZirkvlad SeiTvisebs~ (WavWava- 

Ze, 1987:11). 

am ideiT iliam avbediTobis gamo erovnul fesvebsmowyvetil 

da uflis rwmenadakargul qarTvelTa mSobliur sulier 

wiaRSi dabrunebisa da erTianobis saZirkvlad istoria 

gaixada, radgan `yoveli eri Tavisi istoriiT suldgmulobs... 

arc erToba sarwmunoebisa da gvartomobisa ise ar SeamsWvalebs 

xolme adamians erTmaneTTan, rogorc erToba istoriisa~ 

(WavWavaZe, 1987:7). eris istoria erovnul fesveb- 

67

zea aRmocenebuli. erovnuli fesvebi ki gansazRvravs eris 

bunebas da xasiaTs. 

`ra ar gadagvxdenia Tavs, ra mtrebi ar mogvsevian, ra 

vai-vaglaxi, ra sisxlis Rvra, ra RrWena kbilTa ar gamogvivlia, 

ra wisqvilis qva ar datrialebula Cvens Tavzed da yvelas 

gavuZeliT, yvelas gavumagrdiT, SevinaxeT Cveni Tavi, 

SevirCineT Cveni qveyana, Cveni miwa-wyali~ (WavWavaZe, 

1955:14). aseTi gansacdelis da kataklizmebis gamovlis Semdeg, 

roca sxva didi civilizaciis matarebeli qveynebi dedamiwidan 

aRigavnen da istorias maTi arsebobis mxolod cnobebiRa 

SemorCa, ilia WavWavaZe kiTxvas svamda: Cven, qarTvelebi 

`ram gvixsna?~. 

pasuxic manve mokled, Rrmaazrobrivad da paTetikurad 

gagvca. iliaseuli triada — `mamuli, ena, sarwmunoeba~ — 

qarTvelTa erovnuli TviTSegnebis masazrdoebeli wyaro 

iyo. qarTveloba, rogorc eri swored erovnuli cnobierebis 

simtkicem ixsna. 

ilias rwmeniT, erovnuli cnobierebis umaRlesi gamoxatuleba 

eris mamuliSvilobaSi vlindeba. es aris `Cveni 

Zal-Rone, Cveni erovnuli simtkice da daurRvevloba~, romelic 

aerTianebs da aduRabebs qarTvelTa modgmas: `Zlieria 

eri, rac und patara iyos, roca mamuliSviloba, Tavis 

qveynis siyvaruli ase amxnevebs, ase amoqmedebs, roca ubedureba 

ram, gansacdeli ram, gulze xels ki ar akrebinebs, rogorc 

imedgawyvetils, sasoebadakarguls, aramed imodenad 

Zlier aRviZebs, Zlier misZravs-mosZravs, ramdendac Zlieria 

TviT mis Tavze mosuli ubedureba da gansacdeli~ (WavWavaZe, 

1960:59-60). 

maradiuli sifxizle da WirTa Tmena (Tu mouTmenloba), 

Seupovroba da bedisadmi daumorCilebloba, uspetakesi udreki 

suli da Tavisuflebis wyurvili, samSoblosaTvis Tavganwirva 

da qancgawyvetamde Sroma, `gonebis varjiSi~, sila- 

Re da tkboba xelovnebis magiuri mSvenierebiT — qarTvelTa 

xasiaTis is mcire nawilia, rac, ilias azriT, gamoarCevda 

qarTvelobas sxva erTa Soris (`bednieri eris~ iliaseuli 

daxasiaTeba qarTveli kacis ormagi bunebisa Cveni xasiaTis 

siavec aris da tragediac, razec ase damwuxrebiT da mamuliSviluri 

siyvaruliT werda mwerali). 

68

erovnuli xasiaTis aseTi Tvisebebis matarebeli eris 

`mTavrobis uwmindesi movaleoba, romlis wyalobiTac adamiani 

adamianobs, igia, rom adamianis `me~-s dRemudam mfarvelobdes, 

umizezod, udanaSaulod Sin aravin Seusis da arvis 

gaaqelvinos; mis suliers da nivTiers kuTvnilebazed mSvidobiT 

da sxvis xelSeuxeblad amflobelos da amiT, ramodenad 

SesaZloa, srul da bednier hyos. TiTon mizezi da sabuTi 

sazogadoebis arsebobisa marto eg movaleobaa da sxva arara~ 

(WavWavaZe, 1959:247) — ambobs ilia da am sityvebiT igi saukunis 

Semdgom saqarTvelos dRevandelobas exmianeba. amaSia 

didi mwerlis Rvawlisa da Semoqmedebis ukvdaveba. 


1. g. asaTiani, saTaveebTan, Tb., 1982 

2. a. baqraZe, ilia WavWavaZe, Tb., 1984 

3. n. berZeniSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, 

Tb., 1990 

4. d. gegeSiZe, qarTuli marTlmadidebloba da erovnuli 

cnobiereba, J. `rani varT qarTvelni~, 1997, #1 

5. z. kiknaZe, ilias mamuli, krebuli `saqarTvelos aTaswleulTa 

gzagasayarze~, Tb., 2005 

6. g. mWedliSvili, qarTuli kulturis paradigma, Tb., 

2004 

7. r. siraZe, qarTuli kulturis safuZvlebi, Tb., 2000 

8. r. siraZe, kultura da saxismetyveleba, Tb., 2008 

9. d. qerqaZe, ilia WavWavaZe eris fenomenis Sesaxeb, krebuli 

`kulturologiisa da esTetikis sakiTxebi~, Tb., 2005 

10. s. caiSvili, Sesavali, ilia WavWavaZe, rCeuli Txzulebani 

xuT tomad, t. 1, Tb., 1985 

11. i. WavWavaZe, rCeuli Txzulebani xuT tomad, t. IV, 

Tb., 1987 

12. i. WavWavaZe, Txzulebani aT tomad, t. IV, Tb., 1955 

13. i. WavWavaZe, Txzulebani aT tomad, t. V, Tb., 1955 

14. i. WavWavaZe, Txzulebani aT tomad, t. VI, Tb., 1957 

69

70 

15. i. WavWavaZe, Txzulebani aT tomad, t. VIII, Tb., 1959 

16. i. WavWavaZe, Txzulebani aT tomad, t. 6X, Tb., 1960 

17. b. jorbenaZe, ena da kultura, Tb., 1997 

Ermile Meskhia 

Problems of Culture and National Self-Consciousness in Ilia 

Chavchavadze’s Publicistic Works 

Summary 

I. Chavchavadze in his publicistic correspondence discussed how 

Georgian people could save their own culture. He thought that the 

secret of Georgian people’s escape is in the phrase: “Motherland, 

Language, Faith”. 

Ilia associated Motherland with national background, home land, 

which Georgian people love fanatically. Our ancestry loved language 

and religion in such a way. It consolidated national self-consciousness 

of the Georgian people. And just self-consciousness saved Georgian 

people from extermination.

musikismcodneoba 

qeTevan gogolaZe, irma bagrationi 

sinesTeziis esTetikur problemaTa zogierTi 

aspeqti 

cnobilia, rom sinesTezia, farTo gagebiT, mxedvelobiT-sivrcobrivi 

warmodgenebis kavSiria musikaluri mxatvruli 

azrovnebis TaviseburebebTan, msmenelis pirovnul 

gamocdilebasTan. bunebrivia, igi gulisxmobs musikisa da 

saxviTi xelovnebis ZiriTadi gamomsaxveli elementebis dakavSirebis 

SesaZleblobas. es ukanaskneli, Tavis mxriv, aracnobieri 

SemoqmedebiTi ganwyobis aqtualizaciis SesaZleblobaa, 

romelSic urTierTSerwymulia musikalur-smeniTi 

da mxatvrul-xatobrivi Semoqmedebis cnobieri da aracnobieri 

komponentebi. musikis ZiriTadi kanonzomierebebisa da 

vizualuri warmosaxvebis asaxva ferwerasa da grafikaSi xelovnebis 

TeoriisTvis imdenad aris saintereso, ramdenadac 

xelovnebis TiToeul saxeSi gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebisa 

da SemoqmedebiTi xatebis arseboba ukiduresi specifikurobiT 

gamoirCeva. kerZod, maSin, rodesac mxatvroba sagnobrivia 

da statikuri, xolo naxati — smenisTvis miuwvdomeli, 

musika — bgeriTia, dinamikuri da uxilavi. marTalia, musikasa 

da mxatvrobaSi adgili aqvs erTi da imave terminebis gamoyenebas 

tonis, ferTa gamis, tonalobis, kompoziciis, faqturis 

da misTan. saxiT, magram maT gamomxatvel cnebebs xelovnebis 

TiToeuli am sferosTvis urTierTgansxvavebuli mni- 

Svneloba gaaCniaT. miuxedavad amisa, arsebobs mravali musikaluri 

nawarmoebi, uamravi ferweruli da grafikuli tilo, 

romelic Seqmnilia musikisa da mxatvrobis urTierTgavlenis 

safuZvelze. es imiT aixsneba, rom musikaluri xelovneba 

saocar msgavsebas avlens saxviT xelovnebasTan, rodesac 

saqme exeba adamianis Sinagan sulier mdgomareobas, samyarosadmi 

mis grZnobad-emociur anu esTetikur damokidebulebas. 

71

aRsaniSnavia, rom musikis danaxvisa da feriTi xatiT an 

ferad-xatobrivi kompoziciiT Sevsebis esTetikuri moTxovnilebis 

formireba mxatvruli kulturis xangrZlivi ganvi- 

Tarebis rezultatia. amis sailustraciod, gavaanalizoT 

saTanado momentebi esTetikuri azris istoriidan. 

yvelaferi daiwyo imiT, rom Zv. w. me-6 saukunis bolos 

piTagoram, musikalur simTa gamokvlevisas, diatonikuri gamis 

wyobis specifikasa da simis rxevis sixSires Soris aRmoa- 

Cina pirdapirproporciuli damokidebuleba. misi azriT, 

Tuki erT musikalur sims gavWimavT 12 girvanqiT, xolo meores 

— 6 girvanqiT, maSin aseTi Tanafardoba 1:2 gvaZlevs oqtavas, 

2:3 — gvaZlevs kvintas, 3:4 ki — kvartas, anu musikaluri 

tonis simaRle gansazRvrulia mJReri simis sigrZiT. es niSnavs, 

rom yoveli musikaluri bgera sxva araferia, Tu ara 

gansazRvruli intervalebiT erTimeores Tanmimdevruli 

rxeva. piTagoras TqmiT, “Tuki instrumenti awyobilia Zalian 

xmamaRla, Cven vasustebT daWimulobas, amiT vamcirebT ra 

vibracias, vadablebT tons” (Овсянников, 1978:35), anu yoveli 

musikaluri toni Sedgeba erTmaneTTan garkveuli ricxviTi 

proporciebiT dakavSirebuli elementebisgan. 

sagulisxmoa, rom piTagoras aRmoCena evropuli mecnierebisTvis 

warmoadgenda saerTod pirvel kanons, romelic 

gamoxatuli iyo ricxviTi formiT. amitomac ar aris gasakviri, 

rom piTagorelebma es kanoni miiCnies universalurad da 

musikaluri akustikis proporciebi gadaitanes sinamdvilis 

yvela sxva danarCeni movlenis da, saerTod, kosmosis arsis 

axsnaze. es ukanaskneli maT mier moiazreboda rogorc RvTaebrivi 

warmoSobis uzarmazari harmoniulad mJReri instrumenti. 

piTagorelTa Tanaxmad, yvela `planeta” (mTvarisa da 

mzis CaTvliT) moZraobs dedamiwis garSemo orbitaze, amas- 

Tan diatonikuri gamis proporciuli sizustiT da, Sesabamisad, 

gamoscems e. w. `sferoTa musikis” melodiur xmebs. maT 

moaxerxes daedginaT am aramiwieri kosmosuri musikis konkretuli 

monacemebic: saturns Seesatyviseba bgera “si”, iupiters 

— “do”, marss — “re”, mzes — “mi”, merkurs — “fa”, veneras 

— “sol”, mTvares — “la” (Овсянников, 1978:36). maTi azriT, 

“zeciur sferoTa musikis” harmonia JRers yvela realur 

konkretul saganSic da Tavad adamianis sulSic; amitomacaa, 

72

om musika adamians gvris garkveul siamovnebas, Tumca kosmiuri 

mJReri harmoniis mosmena mas (anu kosmosis Semadgenel 

adamians) SeeZleba mxolod kosmosis gare samyaroSi gasvlis 

SemTxvevaSi. amdenad, piTagoras mistikur-esTetikuri metafizikiT 

musika, harmonia da maTematika erTiandebian da ur- 

TierTzemoqmedeben rogorc “orkestrirebuli” samyaros 

erTiani esTetikuri arsis Semadgeneli elementebi. es niSnavs, 

rom ricxvebs Soris gamovlenil kanonzomier urTier- 

TkavSirSi yovelTvis SeigrZnoba harmoniuli musikaluri 

JRera, da, piriqiT, iq, sadac musikaa, adgili aqvs mowesrigebul, 

harmoniul ricxobriv Sefardebas da, Sesabamisad, silamazisa 

da srulyofilis SegrZnebas [SevadaroT: berZnuli 

termini “sinesTezia” etimologiurad niSnavs “TanaSegrZnebas”]. 

CvenTvis sainteresoa, rom “sferoTa musikis” Teoria 

garkveul ganviTarebas poulobs renesansis epoqaSic. amis 

yvelaze cnobil “recidivs” warmoadgens udidesi germaneli 

astronomis i. kepleris moZRvreba, romelic Tavis naSromSi 

“samyaros harmonia” (1619), eyrdnoba piTagoriseuli planetaruli 

simfoniis partituras, Tumca, axla ukve ara geo-, 

aramed heliocentruli TvalsazrisiT. imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad 

mecnieruli iyo kepleris mtkicebuleba, SeiZleba vimsjeloT 

misi Semdegi SeniSvnis mixedviT: “dedamiwa (terra) 

mReris mi fa mi, da amiT migviTiTebs, rom Cvens miwier samyaroSi 

mefoben miseria (siRaribe) da fame (SimSili)” (Кеплер, 

1982:116). sayuradReboa, rom udidesi ingliseli fizikosi i. 

niutoni swored “samyaros harmoniis” kepleriseuli koncefciiT 

moxibvlis Semdeg iwyebs Tavis gamokvlevebs optikaSi 

“xiluli musikis” kanonzomierebaTa dasadgenad; amis Sedegad 

ki sinaTlis speqtrSi gamoiyo Svidi feri (Tumca im 

drois evropaSi, rogorc viciT, saerTod, miRebuli iyo 

speqtris dayofa xuT damoukidebel ferad), sadac calkeuli 

feris zoli dasaxelda diatonuri gamis calkeuli bgeris 

Sesatyvisad. aRsaniSnavia, rom aseTi analogiis — “gamis 

Svidi bgera — speqtris Svidi feri” (Вернадский, 1985:104) safuZvelze 

Tavad niutoni sruliadac ar varaudobda axali 

sinesTeziuri xelovnebis Seqmnas. samagierod, es misia 1742 

73

wels Seasrula frangma iezuitma berma l-k. kastelma swored 

niutonis “optikis” gacnobis Semdeg. manve ganizraxa 

“feriTi klavesinis” Seqmna, rac gulisxmobda, rom am musikaluri 

sakravis amoqmedebiT musikaluri bgeris SegrZnebis 

Tanadroulad mxedvelobis winaSe unda warmomdgariyo mocemuli 

musikaluri tonis “Sesatyvisi” feri. 

rogorc cnobilia, kastelis Canafiqrma diskusiaTa bumi 

gamoiwvia imdroindeli evropis samecniero wreebSi. “xiluli 

musikis” kritikosTa Soris iyvnen saxelganTqmuli 

frangi ganmanaTleblebi d. didro da J. J. ruso; “enamware” 

volterma kastels uwoda “don-kixoti maTematikidan”. samagierod, 

am mistikur Canafiqrs gulisxmierebiT moekidnen 

cnobili frangi kompozitorebi a. gretri da J. ramo da germaneli 

kompozitori g. telemani. aRsaniSnavia, rom, saer- 

Tod, kastelis ideebisadmi interesi me-19 saukunis dasasrulamde 

Tavs iCenda mxolod sporadulad, ramdenadac konkretuli 

esTetikuri moTxovnilebiT ar iyo stimulirebuli. 

saqme isaa, rom Tavad kastelis naivuri koncefcia moklebulia 

WeSmaritad esTetikur Sinaarss da umTavresad naturfilosofiur 

xasiaTs atarebs. 

sayuradReboa, rom musikisa da sinaTlis sinTezirebis 

realuri esTetikuri moTxovnileba SeiniSneba mxolod me-20 

saukunis dasawyisidan (anu novatorul-modernuli mxatvruli 

Semoqmedebis CasaxvisTanave), rodesac musikam da ferweram 

TavisTavad Tanmimdevrul ganviTarebaSi moipova urTierTSexebis 

axali esTetikuri momentebi. am drois kompozitorebi 

ukve TiTqosda ejibrebian erTmaneTs miaRwion aqamde 

SeuZlebels — musikalur nawarmoebSi gamosaxon sinaTle 

da feri xiluli harmoniisa da instrumentariumis garTulebis 

gziT. maTi zogierTi qmnilebis saxelwodebis gaxsenebac 

ki sakmarisia asociacionisturi gancdis dasturad: f. listis 

“moxetiale cecxli”, “nacrisferi Rrublebi” da renesansis 

mxatvarTa ferweruli tiloebis mixedviT Seqmnil piesaTa 

seria; m. musorgskis “ganTiadi mdinare-moskovze” da 

“siuJetebi suraTebis gamofenidan”, k. debiusis “anareklebi 

wyalSi”, “feierverki”, “oqros Tevzebi”, “mTvaris Suqi”, xolo 

al. skriabinTan 1910 wels, bolosdabolos (pirvelad musikaluri 

xelovnebis istoriaSi), simfoniuri poemis “prome- 

74

Tes” partituraSi, sxvadasxva sakravebis partiebTan erTad 

mieTiTa “Luce”-is (“sinaTle”) partia: musikaluri nawarmoebis 

tonaluri gegmis ganviTarebis analogiurad icvleboda 

sinaTlis feriTi gamac; amas ki ganapirobebda skriabinis sinesTeziis 

unari. 

amave periodSi daiwyo novatoruli mignebebis Zieba 

mxatvrobaSic: ferweraSi — feris gamWvirvaleba iZleoda haeris 

efeqts (impresionizmi, puantilizmi), kompoziciebis geometriuli 

dayofa (futurizmi, kubizmi) da musikis gamosaxva 

feriTi formebiTa da StrixebiT (v. kandinskis “improvizaciebi, 

p. mondrianis “kompoziciebi”). aseT tendenciebs Tan 

daerTo is garemoebac, rom Tanamedrove epoqa, teqnologiuri 

TvalsazrisiT, ukve iZleoda rTuli da vizualuri sagnebis, 

drosa da sivrceSi nebismieri saWiro mimarTebiT transformirebuli 

gamosaxulebis miRebis saSualebas da, maSasadame, 

“xiluli musikis” SeqmnisTvis saWiro teqnikur bazas. 

ufro konkretulad, “mxatvrul ideebs urTierTgavleniT 

SeeTavsa: musikaluri Teatris arsenalidan sinaTlis proeqtori, 

mxatvruli fotos fondidan — fotografiuli kamera, 

kinoteqnikis bazidan tele-video aparatura, kompiuteruli 

teqnosistemidan luminodinamikuri meqanizmi” (bagrationi, 

2008:227) da, amdenad, sinesTeziis kanonis wyalobiT SesaZlebeli 

gaxda kinetikuri xelovnebis, rogorc aseTis, erTiani 

mxatvruli organizmis formireba. rogorc Cans, eleqtronikis 

ganviTarebam farTo SesaZleblobebi misca kastelianizmis 

Tanamedrove mimdevrebs. musikis ametyveleba mxatvrobis 

enaze SesaZlebeli gaxda rogorc uSualod adamianis mier, 

aseve meqanikuri danadgarebis saSualebiT. Tumca, miuxedavad 

musikis ferebSi gadatanis praqtikaSi specialuri aparaturiT 

miRweuli garkveuli warmatebisa, es procesi jer kidev 

meqanikur xasiaTs atarebs da Sorsaa xelovnebisgan. 

sagulisxmoa, rom musikaluri bgerisa da feris TvisebaTa 

urTierTzegavlena, romelsac mkvlevarebi (argelanderi, 

helmholci, hornbosteli) viwro sinesTeziis unaris 

mflobelTa privilegiad miiCneven, xelewifeba TiTqmis yvelas, 

rameTu “akustikur da optikur SegrZnebebs Soris intermodaluri 

erTianobis, mimsgavsebis da “naTesaobis” gamovlenis 

unari gaaCnia TiTqmis yvela adamians” (gogolaZe, 

75

1982:76). gamomdinare aqedan, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom “mxedvelobiT-smeniTi 

koordinaciis fsiqologiuri buneba Tavis 

TavSi moicavs rogorc musikaluri bgerisa da feris fenomenis 

msgavsebis ganwyobis sazriss, ise musikaluri tonebiT 

optikuri warmodgenebis Seqmnis fenomens” (Bagrationi, 

2005:587). rogor unda gavigoT es? 

saqme isaa, rom musikaluri tonis akustikuri SegrZnebis 

gancdis optikurTan mimsgavsebis xarisxs subieqturi aspeqtebi 

gaaCnia, anu mocemuli musikaluri bgeris Sesatyvisi 

feriTi xatis Seqmna mxolod recipientis, rogorc individuumis, 

mgrZnobelobiT unarzea damokidebuli. amasTan dakavSirebiT 

sainteresoa s. kravkovis azri, romlis mixedviT 

“fotizmebis didi sxvaobis dros calkeul individebs aReniSnebaT 

garkveuli saxis kanonzomiereba: rac ufro maRalia 

bgerebi, miT ufro naTeli eCvenebaT isini”. am saxis intermodaluri 

msgavsebis gancdas zogierTi Teoretikosi “sines- 

Teziis specifikur fsiqologiad” miiCnevs da ferTan tonis 

aseT dakavSirebas “ferad smenas”, anu fonizms uwodebs. Cveni 

azriT, “feradi smena” ar warmoadgens unikalur esTetikur 

fenomens, rameTu miviCnevT, rom empiriul gamocdilebaze 

dayrdnobiT, yvela adamians ase Tu ise Seswevs unari mocemul 

bgeras mouZebnos Sesatyvisi feri (gogolaZe, 1982:79). 

yovelive zemoTaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, d. uznaZis 

ganwyobis Teoriis ZiriTadi debulebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba 

davaskvnaT, rom Tuki garkveuli musikaluri bgeris 

mosmena iwvevs garkveuli feris SegrZnebas, maSin meoradi 

SegrZnebis (feris) gamomwvevad unda miviCnioT pirveladi SegrZnebiT 

anu bgeris mosmeniT gamowveuli ganwyoba. rac Seexeba 

mocemuli musikaluri bgeris JReradobis siZlieres, 

tembrisa da grZliobis (garkveuli simaRlisa da siZlieris 

bgeris xmovanebis xangrZlivobis) sxvadasxva sidideebSi da 

formebSi gadmocemas, unda vivaraudoT, rom am SemTxvevaSic 

meoradi SegrZneba, anu formis da sididis TvalsaCino gancda 

pirveladi SegrZnebis gancdiT (bgera mowodebuli sxvadasxva 

siZlieriT, xangrZlivobiT, tembriT) gamowveuli ganwyobiT 

ganisazRvreba. 

76


1. gogolaZe q., akustikuri da optikuri SegrZnebis intermodaluri 

erTianobis sakiTxisaTvis, Jurn. “macne”, filosofiisa da fsiqologiis 

seria, #3, Tbilisi, 1982 

2. bagrationi i., mxatvruli Semoqmedebis fsiqologiuri safuZvlebi//konstantine 

kapanelis filosofia, baTumi, gamomcemloba “SoTa 

rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti”, 2008 

3. Овсянников М. Ф., История эстетической мысли, Москва, 1978 

4. Кеплер И., О шестиугольных снежинках, Москва, 1982 

5. Вернадский В. И., Исаак Ньютон , Москва, "Наука", 1985 

6. Bagrationi I., Konstantine Kapaneli about Artistic Creativity and 

“Philosophy of Life”, “Bulletin” of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, Volume 171, 

#3, Tbilisi, 2005 

Ketevan Gogoladze, Irma Bagrationi 

Some Aspects of Aesthetic Problems of Synesthesy 

Summary 

The present paper deals with the aesthetic context of music and seeing 

colours, of synesthesy and synesthesic art. The colours of the instruments, the 

descriptions of certain modes and the feeling in the composition formed the 

method for this paper. The integral problem here is to discover whether the 

recipients see the colours in the music the composer has experienced and 

whether they catch the feeling of the music in their paintings. 

The paper discusses that integration of the arts as well as the effects of 

colour and music has been researched separately. This represents a new 

aesthetic method for experimenting on the synesthesy of the senses. The testing 

and developing of the method is in its early stages. More complex and valid 

results could be achieved by collaborating with specialists in various branches of 

art. Integration between visual arts and music and even of researchers awaits 

futher research including looking into identity of music and colours. 

The paper underlines, that the correspondence between sounds and colors is 

based on the relations between the frequencies of the sounds and the frequencies of the 

colors when mixing sounds and lights; there are many similarities between the music and 

the colours of paintings. 

77

78 

Tea gogotiSvili 

qarTuli kamerul-saansamblo xelovnebis 

ganviTarebis gzebi da Taviseburebebi 

Ddidia kameruli musikis roli da mniSvneloba msoflio 

musikaluri xelovnebis ganviTarebaSi. Kkompozitorisa 

Tu SemsruleblisaTvis yvela epoqaSi kamerul-saansamblo 

xelovneba sulierebis umaRlesi gamovlinebis, daxvewili 

rafinirebuli muzicirebis sferos warmoadgenda. es iyo xelovanis 

individualuri Tvisebebis srulad gamovlenis SesaniSnavi 

saSualeba, romelic musikosisagan aseTive daxvewil, 

srulyofil profesiul momzadebas, teqnologiebsa da 

mxatvrul xedvas moiTxovda. amitomac iyo, rom yvela drois 

gamoCenili musikosebi, iseTebi rogoric iyvnen: beThoveni, 

Sumani, bartoki da sxv., kamerul-saansamblo muzicirebas 

udides mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen musikosis aRzrdis proces- 

Si. magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT r. Sumans: ,,erToblivi dakvra 

Zalze sasrgebeloa, amitomac rac SeiZleba xSirad unda Seasrulo 

duetebi, trioebi da a.S. es Zalze aviTarebs musikoss 

(lisovski 1890:17). 

yuradsaRebia cnobili pianistis k. igumnovis gamonaTqvamic: 

,,pianists Zalze exmareba instrumentalistebTan da 

vokalistebTan urTierToba. es afarToebs mis zogad musikalur 

TvalTa xedvas, aRrmavebs stilis gagebas da bolos ufro 

damoukidebels xdis mas” (mSveliZe 1976:408). 

kamerul-instrumentuli musikis ganviTarebis mTeli 

istoria, is didi interesi, rasac es dargi yovelTvis iwvevda 

sazogadoebaSi, cxadyofs, rom igi warmoadgens erT-erT 

mniSvnelovan musikalur xelovnebas. Znelia warmoadgino 

beThovenis, bramsis, Sumanis, Caikovskis, taneevis, borodinis, 

prokofievis, SostakoviCis da mravali sxva kompozitoris 

Semoqmedeba, maTi genialuri kamerul-instrumentuli 

qmnilebebis gareSe.Aaseve Znelia Seadgino solist-SemsrulebelTa 

SemoqmedebiTi portreti, Tu ar gaviTvaliswinebT im 

damsaxurebebs, romelic maT kamerulma muzicirebam Seasru-

la musikaluri xelovnebis am dargis ganviTarebasa da propagandis 

saqmeSi. aseT SemsrulebelTa rigs ganekuTvnebian: 

raxmaninovi da kreisleri, a. rubiSteini da Seringi, oistraxi 

da oborini, goldenveizeri, rixteri, igumnovi da mravali 

sxva, romelTa wvlili kameruli muzicirebis xelovnebis 

ganviTarebaSi udidesia. 

kameruli musika warmoadgens musikaluri xelovnebis 

specifiur dargs, romelic gansxvavdeba Teatraluri, simfoniuri 

da solo sakoncerto musikisagan. kameruli musikis 

saRamoebi, rogorc wesi, ganviTarebis adreul etapze Ziri- 

Tadad imarTeboda salonebSi, ojaxebSi da mcire zomis SenobebSi. 

Aaqedan gamomdinareobs misi saxelwodebac: camera — 

niSnavs oTaxs. aseve, kameruli koncertebisaTvis damaxasia- 

Tebelia SemsrulebelTa mcire raodenoba.Kkameruli musika 

warmoadgens rogorc vokalur, ise instrumentalur musikas. 

ansamblSi daculia xmaTa (sakravTa) Tanasworuflebianoba. 

kamerul-instrumentul musikas myari safuZveli Cauyares 

kompozitorebma: iohan sebastian baxma, georg fridrix 

hendelma, iozef haidnma, volfganag amadeus mocartma da 

ludvig van beThovenma. 

XIX saukuneSi kameruli musika gamdidrda romantikos 

kompozitorTa nawarmoebebiT, rogorebic iyvnen: karl maria 

veberi, feliqs mendelson-bartoldi, franc Suberti, robert 

Sumani, iohanes bramsi, kamil sen-sansi, friderik Sopeni, 

edvard grigi da sxva. 

XIX-XX saukuneebis kompozitorebis: klod debiusis, 

moris ravelis, paul xindemitis, bela bartokis, benjamen 

britenis da sxvaTa SemoqmedebaSi ganviTarebis udides 

mwvervals miaRwia sxvadasxva Janris kameruli ansamblebis 

nimuSebma. 

saqarTvelom, obieqturi sinamdvilidan gamomdinare, 

gacilebiT ufro mokle xanSi aiTvisa kameruli musicirebis 

formebi da tradiciebi, vidre evropis qveynebma da ruseTma. 

sul raRac erTi saukune dasWirdaT qarTvelebs imisaTvis, 

rom ziarebodnen evropuli profesiuli musikis Sedevrebs, 

gaeTavisebinaT da aeyvanaT maTi Sesruleba msoflio standartebis 

doneze. Aamas Tavisi axsna da mizezebi aqvs. esaa Cve- 

79

ni xalxis bunebrivi musikaloba, suliereba, swrafva amaRlebuli 

idealebisa da mSvenierebisaken da rac mTavaria, didi 

tradiciebi swored saansamblo musicirebis xelovnebaSi. 

Cveni xalxuri simRera xom srulyofili nimuSia ansamblurobis, 

ansamblis monawileTa Tanabaruflebianobis da imavdroulad, 

erTobliobis musikaluri ideis ganxorcielebisas. 

XIX saukunis 80-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi Semotanili 

iyo pirveli fortepiano, violino, violonCelo da sxva musikaluri 

instrumentebi. general axverdovis ojaxSi qar- 

Tveli aristokratebis ramdenime bavSvi swavlobda fortepianoze 

dakvras. maT Soris iyo nino WavWavaZe — aleqsandre 

griboedovis momavali meuRle. is iyo pirveli qarTveli qali, 

romelic Tavisuflad flobda fortepianoze dakvris 

xelovnebas. 

1851 wels saopero Teatris gaxsnam didi biZgi misca qalaqis 

mcxovrebTa Teatraluri da musikaluri xelovnebisadmi 

dainteresebas. amasTan, gaizarda musikaluri ganaTlebisadmi 

ltolva. bavSvebi musikas swavlobdnen saxlebSi, 

gimnaziebsa da pansionebSi, am dros TbilisSi moRvaweobdnen 

pedagogebi leon ianiSevski, romelic saukeTesod ukravda 

violinoze da fortepianoze. swored masTan mecadineobda 

SemdgomSi didi qarTveli pianisti aloiz mizandari. Aaseve 

didi Rvawli miuZRvis e. epSteins, romelic 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi 

moRvaweobda TbilisSi. SemdgomSi aucilebeli gaxda 

specialuri skolis Seqmna. igi gaixsna 1871 wels, sadac moRvaweobda 

a. mizandari. 

1895-1917 wlebSi TbilisSi sistematiurad imarTeboda 

kameruli koncertebi mravalferovani programebiT. jer kidev 

ipolitov-ivanovis moRvaweobis periodidan arsebobda 

simebiani kvarteti, magram Semadgenlobis xSiri cvlis gamo 

maTi Sesrulebis done ar iyo saTanado simaRleze. Semdgom 

Camoyalibda axali kvarteti: vasilievis, vilSaus, semigalovis 

da polievis SemadgenlobiT, romelic sistematurad acnobda 

msmenelebs am Janris saukeTeso nomuSebs. 

XX saukunis 20-ian wlebSi intensiurad daiwyo kamerul-instrumentuli 

musikis ganviTareba. am periodSi Zlierdeba 

qarTuli saSemsruleblo skola. swored am dros 

80

Cndeba saqarTveloSi instrumentuli musikis sxvadasxva Janrebi 

(kvarteti, trio, dueti). 

konservatoriasa Tu mis gareT gamarTul yvela sajaro 

koncertSi CarTuli iyo (vokalurTan erTad) kamerul-instrumentuli 

musikis nimuSebi. 

koncertebSi monawileobda studentebisa da pedagogebis 

saukeTeso Zalebi. saansamblo muzicirebisadmi did yuradRebaze 

metyvelebs is faqtic, rom gamosaSveb gamocdaze 

savaldebulad iTvleboda saansamblo nawarmoebis Sesruleba. 

moswavleTa sajaro koncertebSi CarTuli iyo sakmaod 

vrceli repertuari: mocartis, beThovenis, grigis saviolino 

sonatebi; klasikosTa trioebi, kvartetebi; rubinSteinis, 

mendelsonis saviolonCelo sonatebi, haidnisa da Sumanis 

kvartetebi, ansamblebi sasule instrumentebis monawileobiT. 

Tavdapirvelad kameruli ansamblis swavleba SerCevi- 

Ti iyo. 1888-1890 w-dan Tbilisis samusiko saswavlebelSi ukve 

figurirebs kameruli ansamblisa da kvartetis specialuri 

klasebi. moviyvanT 1900-1901 saswavlo wlebis erT-erT samoswavlo 

kameruli sajaro koncertis programas: mocartisa 

da beThovenis kvartetebi, Sumanis safortepiano kvarteti, 

beThovenis me-5 saviolino sonata. aseTi programis Sesasruleblad 

saWiro iqneboda saTanado saansamblo CvevebiT 

aRWurviloba, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom mecadineoba saansamblo 

klasebSi sisitematurad da seriozulad mimdinareobda. 

ansamblis klass xelmZRvanelobdnen iseTi seriozuli 

musikosebi, rogoric iyvnen: ipolitov-ivanovi (1883-1893), 

klenovski (1894-1898ww), nemerovski (1895-1896ww), n. nikolaevi 

(1903-1904 ww), v. vilSau (mudmivad). 

1914-1921ww. boboqari movlenebis drosac saswavleblisa 

da SemdgomSi konservatoriis pedagogebi didad zrunavdnen, 

raTa ar ganelebuliyo interesi kameruli musikisadmi. 

sakoncerto programebi ufro vrceli da saintereso 

gaxda. kameruli ansamblis swavlebasac meti yuradReba eqceoda. 

Tbilisis konservatoriis kameruli ansamblis da kvartetis 

kaTedra arsebobis 50-ze met wels iTvlis. igi agrZelebda 

saqarTveloSi arsebuli kameruli musikis tradici- 

81

ebs. am kaTedraze muSaobdnen da dgesac muSaoben gamoCenili 

musikosebi, qarTuli musikis didi moamageebi da propagandistebi. 

es musikosebi erTgulad da dauRalavad emsaxurebodnen 

qarTuli profesiuli kadrebis aRzrdis saqmes, nergavdnen 

da awrTobdnen kameruli muzicirebis kulturas, 

Cvevebs. siyvaruliT aziarebdnen studentebs am srulyofili, 

inteleqtualuri sferos simaRleebs. kaTedra aris erTerTi 

iniciatori saqarTveloSi s. cincaZis saxelobis saansamblo 

konkursis daarsebis, romelmac aseve ara erTi niWieri 

Semsrulebeli gamoavlina, romelTac Semdgom farTo asparezze 

warmoaCines TavianTi xelovneba (konkursi Catarda 

2-jer: 2002 da 2003 ww). 

qarTuli kamerul-saansamblo xelovnebis ganviTarebas 

da aRorZinebas didad xels uwyobs saqarTvelos saSemsruleblo 

koleqtivis (saxelmwifo kvarteti, kameruli orkestri 

da sxva) saerTaSoriso arenaze gamosvla. jer kidev 

samamulo omis Semdgom periodSi did warmatebas miaRwia saqarTvelos 

saxelmwifo kvartetma, romelmac praRaSi saer- 

TaSoriso konkursze I adgili daikava, moskovis konservatoriis 

kvartetTan erTad da wlebis ganmavlobaSi nayofier 

moRvaweobas eweoda qarTuli kamerul-instrumentuli musikis 

propagandis saqmeSi. 

qarTuli kamerul-saansamblo xelovneba misi arsebobis 

da ganviTerebis yvela etapze kompozitorisa da Semsruleblis 

mWidro TanamSromlobis da urTierTzegavlenis mkafio 

nimuSia. Kkamerul-saansamblo Txzulebebis meti nawili 

calkeul Semsruleblis an saSemsruleblo koleqtivis individualobis, 

maTi SemoqmedebiTi mrwamsis, stilis gaTvaliswinebiT 

iqmneboda. xSir SemTxvevaSi, es nawarmoebi maT 

pirvel Semsrulebels eZRvneboda. 

ase magaliTad, pirveli sakvarteto piesebi da kvartetebi 

Seqmnili iyo saqarTvelos simebiani kvartetisaTvis (S. 

TaqTaqiSvilis kvartetebi, s. cincaZis sakvarteto miniaturebi). 

viTardeboda sakompozitoro xelovneba da mis kvaldakval 

viTardeboda saSemsruleblo xelovnebac. mxatvruli 

amocanebis Sesabamisad, meores mxriv SeimCneva ukuqmedebac: 

saSemsruleblo teqnologiebis daxvewa, ganviTareba, in- 

82

dividualobaTa mravalferovneba da gamokveTileba garkveul 

zegavlenas axdenda sakompozitoro Semoqmedebazec. 

xSir SemTxvevaSi, Semsrulebeli nawarmoebebis aqtiur Tanaavtoradac 

gvevlineba. 

musikalur-sakompozitoro da saSemsruleblo sferos 

Soris kavSiris dialeqtika gansakuTrebulad Tavs iCens XXs. 

II naxevris qarTul musikalur xelovnebaSi. am drois musikaluri 

sinamdvile kompozitorisa da Semsruleblis TanaSemoqmedebis 

Tvisobrivad axali etapis dasawyisia. swored am 

dros gamoCndnen iseTi maRalprofesiuli niWieri Semsruleblebi, 

romelTac kompozitorTan ,,paeqrobis” niWic SeswevT. 

SegviZlia davasaxeloT amgvari tandemis zogierTi magaliTi: 

j. kaxiZe — g. yanCeli; j. kaxiZe — s. nasiZe; saxelmwifo 

kvarteti — s. cincaZe, o. TaqTaqiSvili — ansambli ,,rus- 

Tavi”. e. virsalaZem, m. mdivanma, T. amirejibma udidesi wvlili 

Seitanes qarTuli safortepiano (s. nasiZe, o. TaqTaqiSvilis) 

koncertebis warmatebasa da danergvaSi; m. iaSvilima da 

e. da l. isakaZeebma — s. nasiZis, s. cincaZis, v. azaraSvilis instrumentuli 

Semoqmedebis stimulirebaSi. s. nasiZis ormagi 

koncerti violinosa da CelosaTvis eZRvneba e. da l. isakaZeebs. 

s. cincaZis saviolonCelo koncertebi — e. isakaZes. v. 

azaraSvilis saklarneto sonata r. jiblaZisaTvis aris dawerili. 

s. nasiZis saviolonCelo koncerti — T. gabaraSvilisaTvis. 

saqarTveloSi kameruli orkestris daarsebisTanave 

gaCnda interesi mis mimarT. S. gabiCvaZis, s. nasiZis simfoniebi; 

s. nasiZis, v. azaraSvilis instrumentuli koncertebi da 

sxva. 

kompozitorsa da Semsrulebels Soris kontaqti xSirad 

Canafiqris Casaxvis momentSive iwyeboda, rac erTis 

mxriv zrdida Semsruleblis dainteresebas da pasuxismgeblobas, 

xolo, meores mxriv, kompozitors saSualebas aZlevda 

moenaxa Canafiqris bgeriTi realizaciis optimaluri varianti. 

zemoTqmuli ra Tqma unda ar niSnavs imas, rom qarTuli 

musikaluri kultura gamonakliss warmoadgens. igi yovel- 

Tvis zogadevropuli, zogadsakacebrio musikaluri kulturis 

pararelurad viTardeboda, Tavis TavSi ikrebda yovelive 

programuls, axals, imis Tqma gvinda, rom qarTul musika- 

83

lur kulturas zogadkulturul musikalur WrilSi Tavisi 

erovnuli, TviTmyofadi waxnagi gaaCnda. 

Tanamedrove qarTul musikalur kulturaSi didia Semsruleblis 

xvedriTi wona. Cven gvyavs Semsruleblebi, romelTa 

niWierebis da profesionaluri momzadebis done maT 

namdvil SemoqmedTa rigSi ayenebs. maT SesrulebaSi aisaxa 

Tanamedroveobis daZabuli fsiqologiuri, filosofiuri, 

emociuri tendeciebi, musikaluri gamomsaxvelobis mTeli 

sistema. 

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom yvela es Semsrulebeli Tavis SemoqmedebaSi 

did adgils uTmobs kamerul muzicirebas, mar- 

Tavs kameruli musikis festivalebs (Telavi — e. virsalaZe; 

borjomi — l. isakaZe), rac kidev ufro adasturebs kameruli 

musikis sicocxlisunarianobas. 

saqarTveloSi kamerul-saansamblo xelovnebis ganvi- 

Tarebis tempebi, misi intensioba da maRali profesiuli done, 

agreTve msmenelis didi interesi misi ganviTarebis yvela 

safexurze imas mowmobs, rom es sfero Cveni musikaluri 

kulturis organuli, ganuyofeli nawilia, romelic didad 

uwyobs xels musikosis formirebas, srulyofas. sabednierod, 

es garemoeba kargad aqvs gaTavisebuli nebismier seriozul 

musikoss, iqneba is kompozitori, Semsrulebeli Tu 

Teoretikosi. ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos musikalurad gacnobierebuli, 

momTxovni msmenelis rolic qarTuli musikaluri 

kulturis, kerZod ki kamerul-saansamblo xelovnebis 

ganviTarebis saqmeSi. 

84


1. gogua d., qarTuli kamerul-instrumentuli ansamblis 

ganviTarebis ZiriTadi etapebi. J. ,,sabWoTa xelovneba” 

#7 Tb., 1972 

2. davlianiZe e., profesori ana TulaSvili. Tb., 2003 

3. dafqviaSvili T., kamerul-instrumentuli ansamblebi 

da maTi Sesrulebis ZiriTadi principebi. Tb., ,,xelovneba”, 

1989 

4. donaZe v., qarTuli sabWoTa musikis istoriis narkvevebi. 

Tb., ,,ganaTleba”, 1975 

5. kvirkvelia n., ,,60-80-iani wlebis qarTuli kamerulinstrumentuli 

ansamblebis interpretaciis problemebisaTvis”. 

disertacia, Tb., 1975 

6. lisovski n., ,,musikaluri kalendari”, almanaxi #3, 

1890 

7. mSveliZe a., samusiko ganaTleba saqarTveloSi Tb., 

,,xelovneba”, 1976 

8. Мильштеин И., - К. Н. Игумнов М., 1975 

Tea Gogotishvili 

The Ways and Characteristics of Development of Georgian 

Chamber-Ensemble Art 

Summary 

Georgian people’s rich traditions, great spiritual demand, talent, 

refined taste, high artistic level of Folk or professional music are 

prerequisites for developing of perspectives and future progress of Georgian 

music (including chamber ensemble music). 

85

86 

ana dumbaZe 

klasicizmis epoqis musikalur-harmoniuli 

Taviseburebebi 

evropis musikalur azrovnebaSi axali epoqa XVII saukunidan 

iwyeba. venis klasikur skolaSi musikalur-Teoriuli 

azri axal safexurze adis. gansakuTrebuli daniSnuleba am 

periodSi praqtikul-Teoriuli kuTxiT harmoniis formisqmnadma 

funqciam SeiZina. mkvlevarebi harmonias musikis intonaciur-konstruqciul 

universums uwodeben. maszea damokidebuli 

tonebis kilour koordinaciaze damyarebuli 

mravalxmiani qsovilis organizeba. amasTan, harmonias aqvs 

formisqmnadi, konstruqciul-logikuri Tviseba, romelic 

dakavSirebulia melodiasTan, ritmTan da metrTan 

(Григорьев 1981:10). 

mas Semdeg, rac saero Janrebis Camoyalibebam da instrumentuli 

musikis ganviTarebam, axali msoflmxedvelobrivi 

meqanizmis — maJorul-minoruli sistemis Seqmna ganapiroba, 

musikaluri kompoziciis mTavar safuZvels funqciaTa 

centralizacia warmoadgens. 

renesansis epoqaSi damkvidrebuli polifoniuri azrovnebis 

principi am periodisaTvis homofoniurma azrovnebam 

Secvala. musikalur qmnilebebSi horizontaluri xazis 

prioritetuli adgili vertikalma daikava. harmonia, rogorc 

akorduli Tanmimdevrobis saazrovno logika — Tanda- 

Tan gamovida polifoniis CarCoebidan. 

harmoniam, rogorc gamomsaxvelma saSualebam, jer kidev 

klasicizmis epoqamde (XVII s.) miiRo mravalferovani saxe. 

vertikali aRar aris mxolod nawarmoebis struqturuli 

sayrdeni. sxvadasxva funqciis akordebis monacvleoba ukve 

mTeli kompoziciis esTetikur mxares gansazRvravs. musikalur 

azrovnebaSi mkvidrdeba sxvadasxva sirTulis da saxis 

akordebi — samxmovanebebi, septakordebi da nonakordebi. ma- 

Ti gadanacvleba da gansazRvrul konteqstSi gamoyeneba 

bgerweriT-feradovani niuansebiT gamoxatavs musikis fsiqologiur-gamomsaxvelobiT 

xasiaTs.

am cvlilebebis fonze musikalur-Teoriuli azri amzadebs 

klasicizmis epoqas, romlic iTvleba wonasworobis, 

racionaluris da emociuris gaTanabrebis etalonad. 

XVIII saukunidan musikalur-gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebaTa 

mimarT da maT Soris, harmoniis problemisadmi axali 

midgoma ikveTeba. ganmanaTleblobis epoqaSi dgeba harmoniuli 

pirovnebis aRzrdis aucilebloba, aucilebeli xdeba 

piradi interesebis da gemovnebis sazogadoebriv normebTan 

harmoniuli Serwyma. amitom harmoniis problema im droisaTvis 

socialuri problemas uTanabrdeba da sazogadoebrivi 

azris gaTvaliswinebiT moralTan da eTikasTan igivdeba. 

harmoniis Zieba gadadis bunebaSi, socialur fsiqologiaSi 

da zogadad aRzrdis TeoriaSi. ganmanaTlebelTa yuradRebis 

centrSi piradi da sazogadoebrivi interesebis Serwyma 

dgas. 

ganmanaTlebelTa anu enciklopedistTa esTetika uaryofs 

metafizikur da Teologiur damokidebulebas harmoniisadmi. 

enciklopedistebi am sakiTxze gamoTqmul Zvel poziciebs 

aRiqvamen mxolod miTologiur da poetur WrilSi 

(Шестаков В., 1973:145). am TvalsazrisiT enciklopedistebis 

pozicia piTagoriseul ,,sferoTa harmonias” anu harmoniis 

kosmologiur gagebas upirispirdeba. 

harmonias piTagoras da misi mimdevrebis msgavsad ganmartavs 

enciklopedistebis winamorbedi ingliseli filosofosi 

Seftsberi (1671-1713). am mecnieris Sexedulebis mixedviT, 

samyaro harmoniulobis principiT aris gamsWvaluli. 

is aris bunebis da kosmosis mowesrigebis saSualeba da 

SemoqmedebiTi sawyisi. Sesabamisad, mTelisa da misi Semadgeneli 

nawilebis universalur kavSirs da erTianobas harmoniis 

arsi gansazRvravs. 

harmonia, Seftsberis azriT, rTuli movlenaa, is warmoiqmneba 

erTianobisgan mravalferovnebaSi da Tavis TavSi 

disharmoniis elementebs Seicavs. boroteba da umsgavsobac 

ver arRvevs harmonias, piriqiT — xazs usvamen da aZliereben 

mas, aRniSnavs ingliseli mecnieri. 

misive poziciiT, Tu adamiani moraluri virtuozi da 

sakuTari cxovrebis arqiteqtoria, mas SeuZlia Seqmnas Tavisi 

Sinagani samyaro harmoniis Sesabamisad. samyaros harmonia, 

87

Sefsteberis azriT, adamianis SigniTac arsebobs. is pirovnebis 

Sinagani moraluri grZnobis monapovaria. harmonia ingliseli 

mecnieris SexedulebiT, Seefardeba iseT gagebebs, 

rogoricaa WeSmariteba, mSveniereba, sikeTe. 

ukve XVIII saukunis sazogado moRvawe kondiliaki akritikebs 

yovelgvar filosofias, romelic ar eyrdnoba mecnierul 

gamocdilebas da misi kritikis obieqti, pirvel rigSi, 

piTagoras ,,sferoTa harmoniaa”. kondiliakis naSromebSi wina 

planze samyaros materialisturi gageba gamodis. mecnieri 

Secdomas uwodebs piaTagoras Teziss — musikis mTel samyaroSi 

arsebobis Sesaxeb. uaryofs zeciuri Zalebis harmonias 

da am sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi damcinavad moixseniebs pi- 

Tagoras ideebs (Шестаков М.,1973:144-145). 

versias harmoniis empiriuli warmoSobis Sesaxeb kidev 

ufro amyarebs enciklopedistTa Sexedulebebi. 

deni didro (1713-1784), romlis moRvaweobam didi gavlena 

moaxdina musikaluri xelovnebis ganviTarebaze, ,,mSvenieris” 

kategoriis ganxilvisas aRniSnavs, rom harmonia, wesrigi, 

proporciuloba da a.S. aris ara maradiuli da absoluturi 

kanoni, aramed Cveni gamocdilebis Sedegad Camoyalibebuli 

Sexedulebaa. harmonia, Cveni gonebiT aris Seqmnili, 

adamianis Semecnebis rezultatia, is mxolod da mxolod Cveni 

SegrZnebis sagania, — miuTiTebs didro. 

didros Tanamedrove mecnieri i. vinkelmani (1717-1768) 

winaaRmdegia mSvenieris da harmoniis maTematikuri proporciebis 

sizustemde dayvanis. es gageba rom maTematikuri 

iyos, maSin ar Seicvleboda adamianis msjeloba silamazezeo 

(Шестаков, 1973:157). 

sazogadod melodia da harmonia musikis yofierebis 

aucilebeli faqtoria da misi materialuri formaa harmoniis 

arsis gagebis Camoyalibebis gzaze. amitomac gansakuTrebiT 

mniSvnelovania diskusia melodiisa da harmoniis urTierTmimarTebis 

Sesaxeb, romelmac jer kidev XVIII saukunis I 

naxevarSi farToO xasiaTi miiRo. polemikis centrSi mravalgzis 

moeqca frangi kompozitoris da Teoretikosis Jan filip 

ramos naSromebi. 

1722 wels Seqmnil traqtatSi ,,harmoniis Sesaxeb”, ramo 

musikaluri kompoziciis SeqmnaSi harmoniis prioritets 

88

aRiarebs. mis msjelobaSi musikis Sesaxeb didi adgili eTmoba 

fizikur-maTematikur gamokvlevas. ramos azriT, musikaluri 

nawarmoebis struqturaSi harmonias maorganizebeli 

roli aqvs. nebismieri melodia eqvemdebareba harmoniis wyobas, 

orive erTad ki nawarmoebis Sinaarss qmnis. 

ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos ramos gansakuTrebuli wvlili 

musikalur-Teoriuli sistemis ganviTarebaSi. man pirvelma 

gaarkvia akordebis monacvleobis funqcia, gamoyo tonalobis 

harmoniuli centri da masze daqvemdebarebuli Tanxmovanebebi: 

I — tonika, IV — subdominanta da V — dominanta (T- 

S-D). ramo amtkicebs maJoruli da minoruli tonalobebis 

urTierTmimarTebis Teoriasac. miuiTebs sakvanZo kadenciebze 

D-T, V-I da a.S. ramos msjelobidan ikveTeba, rom saer- 

Tod dominanta ibadeba tonikidan da kadenciaSi (D-T) ubrundeba 

pirvelwyaros — tonikas. ramos azriT, maJoruli samxmovaneba 

(3/5) bunebrivi bgeraTrigidan ibadeba da misi Semadgeneli 

nawilia da amavdroulad is aris akordebis terciuli 

wyobis bazisi. 

XVII saukunidan mtkicdeba harmoniuli azrovnebis mTavari 

sayrdenis — banis funqcia. bani xdeba mTeli nawarmoebis 

dinamikis ganmsazRvreli. cnobierebaSi Semodis general-banis 

cneba, romelic imdenad bunebrivad aRmoCnda musikalur 

azrovnebaSi, rom dRes misi Semqmnelis saxelic ki ar aris 

cnobili. ramos poziciiTac, bani harmoniuli funqciis fundamenti 

da harmoniis aRqmis saSualebaa. 

ramosve ekuTvnis akordebis Sebrunebis idea, romelmac 

manmade uCveulo koloriti Seitana musikalur azrovnebaSi. 

akordebs Soris ramo ganasxvavebs konsonansebs da disonansebs 

da upiratesobas pirvels, e.i. konsonans aniWebs. 

ramos pozicias daupirispirda XVIII saukunis cnobili 

Teoretikosi iohan matezoni (1681-1764) da mis azrs iezuituri 

kvlevis Sedegi uwoda. baxis Tanamedrove kompozitorisa 

da Teoretikosis matezonis moRvaweobis kredo iyo: 

,,praqtikuli gamocdileba + Teoriis codna’’. misi naSromebi 

eZRvneba polemikas im Teoretikosebis azrebisadmi, romlebic 

uqvemdebareben musikas abstraqtul wesebs da SiSvel ma- 

Tematikas. aseT swavlulebs is uwodebs ,,sufTa algebris- 

89

tebs”, musikis kalkulatorebs. amasTan, matezoni ar uaryofda 

maTematikuri gamoTvlebis rols musikaluri kompoziciis 

SeqmnaSi. musika ar aris maTematikis mowinaaRmdege, 

magram ze-aRmatebulia masze. musikis WeSmariti mSveniereba 

iwyeba iq, sadac mTavrdeba maTematika, aRniSnavda matezoni 

(Шестаков, 1973:161). 

matezonis SexedulebiT, mxolod sufTa melodia aris 

yvelaze bunebrivi da umSvenieresi. melodiis emociuri da 

gamomsaxvelobiTi mniSvneloba metia, vidre harmoniis. harmoniis 

wesebi ar gansazRvravs melodiis agebas, aramed harmoniis 

wyoba ganisazRvreba melodiis Taviseburebidan. 

matezonis aRniSnul mosazrebas iziarebda ganmanaTlebelTa 

epoqis mniSvnelovani warmomadgeneli Jan-Jak ruso 

(1712-1778), romelic harmoniis prioritets ukavSirebda musikaluri 

kompoziciis goTuri epoqidan momaval moZvelebul 

praqtikas. rusos SefasebiT, harmonia goTuri epoqis 

barbarosuli gadmonaSTia (Шестаков, 1973:165). ruso sayvedurobda 

frang kompozitorebs da maT Soris Jan batist lulis 

melodiuri sawyisis bolomde ar SefasebaSi. Sesabamisad 

ruso, matezonis msgavsad upirispirdeboda ramos pozicias 

da melodias Tvlida musikis mTavar elementad. 

harmonia, werda is, mxolod damxmare saSualebaa, Tavad 

harmoniaSi araferia iseTi, riTac adamianis sulze zemoqmedeba 

SeiZleba. melodias ruso adarebs naxats ferwera- 

Si, harmonias ki fers da saRebavs., ramdenadac ferweraSi 

mTavari naxatia da ara sakuTriv saRebavi da ferebi. 

venis klasikuri skolis periodSi sonatur-simfoniuri 

ciklis Seqmnam ganapiroba funqcionalobis ganviTareba da 

funqciaTa centralizacia. nawarmoebis Seqmnisas SeirCeoda 

is harmoniuli xerxebi, sadac ufro metad aris gamovlenili 

funqcionaluri gansazRvruloba. harmoniam da misma konstruqciulma 

rolma mniSvnelovani adgili daiWira venis 

klasikosTa SemoqmedebiT procesSi. 

venis klasikosTa SemoqmedebaSi moxda akordikis mkacrad 

SerCeva. aqcenti gadatanilia Semdeg akordebze: I, V, IV 

samxmovanebebi da maTi Sebrunebebi II6, VI5/3 (umetesad Sewyvetil 

kadansebSi), V7 SebrunebebiT, II6/5 da II4/3. Semcirebuli septakordi 

SebrunebebiT, K6/4, neapoluri seqstakordi (minor- 

90

Si) da sxva alterirebuli subdominantebi. Camoyalibda 

akordebis ganxazRvruli Tanmimdevroba da xmaTasvlis gansazRvruli 

tipuri variantebi. akordika atarebs udides Sinagan 

dinamikas da gadamwyveti roli eniWeba formisqmnadobis 

procesSi. 

saerTod, fuqcionaluri sistemis gaaqtiureba gansakuTrebiT 

mniSvnelovania venis klasikosTa SemoqmedebaSi. am 

TvalsazirisiT sainteresoa dominantisa da tonikis Sefardeba. 

zogjer mTeli Tema mTlianad agebulia ori akordis 

monacvleobaze — I da V safexurebis harmoniaze (magaliTad, 

beThovenis sonata #8, I nawili). 

venis klasikosTa SemoqmedebaSi, gansakuTrebiT mocartTan 

da beThovenTan — polifoniuri azrovneba erwymis homofoniurs. 

harmoniuli ena srulad damyarebulia funqcionalizmze. 

T-S-D — es wre figurirebs haidnis qmnilebebSi. 

masTan jer kidev iSviaTia harmoniis kolorituli roli. 

Tumca gvxvdeba Tematuri da kilo-tonaluri kontrastebi. 

analogiuri T-S-D funqciebi mocartTanac gamoiyeneba, 

magram gacilebiT mravalferovnad. kilos damxmare safexurebis 

gamoyeneba, Sidatonaluri gadaxrebi, misi droisTvis 

urTulesi modulaciebi TanamedroveTa gaukrvevlobas iwvevda. 

amasTan, es novatoroba arasdros arRvevda maJorul 

an minoruli kilos safuZvlebs. piriqiT, is amdidrebs kilos, 

afarToebs mis gamomsaxvel saSualebebs. es funqcia mocartTan 

axal sicocxles iZens. 

amdenad, klasicizmis epoqis kompozitorTa SemoqmedebaSi 

harmoniuli ena konkretul saazrovno sistemas eqvemdebareba. 

Tumca am stabiluri sistemis CarCoebi ar aris mkacrad 

reglamentirebuli. amis magaliTia haidnis, mocartis da 

gansakuTrebiT beThovenis Semoqmedeba, romelSic araer- 

Txel darRveula klasicizmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli harmoniuli 

kanonzomiereba. 


1. JRenti ivane, harmonia, Tb., 2005. 

2. Берков В.,Гармония, М.узыка, М., 1962 

91

3. Григорьев С., Теоретический курс гармонии. М.узыка, М., 1981 

4. Мясоедов А. Учебник гармонии. М.узыка, М., 1980 

5. Шестаков В., Гармония как эстетическая категория, М.,1973 

92 

Ana Dumbadze 

Musical-Harmony Particularity of the Classical Epoch 

Summary 

Since the XVII century in professional music major-minor system 

was dominating. Creation and establishment of that system was 

extremely important for the fundamental improvement in musical 

thinking. The article gives the consideration how the social and 

philosophic thinking of the concrete epoch influences the musical 

systems development process.

xaTuna managaZe 

biZina kvernaZis operis ,,iyo mervesa welsa” 

dramaturgiuli Taviseburebebi 

qarTuli erovnuli operis pirveli klasikuri nimuSis 

Seqmnis periodSi qarTuli opera Camoyalibda rogorc erTiani, 

stiluri mTlianobiT aRbeWdili movlena, romlis saxesac 

ZiriTadad tradiciuli Janrebis aRorZineba gansaz- 

Rvravda. am periodSi Seqmnilma orma operam (gia yanCelis 

,,da ars musika” da biZina kvernaZis ,,iyo mervesa welsa”) daarRvia 

am Janris stabiluri sazRvrebi da axali gzebi dasaxa 

qarTuli saopero azrovnebis Semdgomi ganviTarebisTvis. 

XX saukunis 80-ani wlebi qarTuli operis istoriaSi 

novatoruli ZiebebiT aRiniSna. cnobilia, rom XX saukune 

sinTezis epoqad iTvleba, sadac Zveli Janrebis transformireba 

da mis safuZvelze axlis Seqmna ZiriTadad musikisa da 

xelovnebis sxva dargebis urTierTmoqmedebis gziT miemar- 

Teba. urTierTmoqmedebis es procesi airekla aRniSnul saopero 

speqtaklebSi, romelTa originalobas Teatraluri da 

musikaluri sawyisebis manamde uCveulo sinTezi ganapirobebs. 

am periodSi Seqmnilma orma operam (gia yanCelis ,,da 

ars musika” da biZina kvernaZis ,,iyo mervesa welsa”) daarRvia 

am Janris stabiluri sazRvrebi da axali gzebi dasaxa qarTuli 

saopero azrovnebis Semdgomi ganviTarebisTvis. 

,,iyo mervesa welsa” qarTul saopero scenaze agiografiuli 

nawarmoebis xorcSesxmis pirveli mcdelobaa, operas 

safuZvlad daedo qarTveli mwerlobis uZvelesi Zegli — iakob 

xucesis ,,SuSanikis wameba”. sazogadod, XX saukunis kulturis 

niSandoblivi maxasiaTebeli uZvelesi literaturuli 

motivebis da Tanamedrove mxatvruli azrovnebis xerxebis 

Serwymaa. 

sagulsxmoa isic, rom ,,iyo mervesa welsas” scenuri gadawyvetis 

saTaveebi qarTul xalxur sanaxaobebSic moiZieba. 

rogorc cnobilia, nawarmoebis axal Janrul safuZvelze interpretireba 

TavisTavad rTul da mravalmxrivi problemebis 

winaSe ayenebs avtors. Zalian xSirad aseTi interpreta- 

93

ciis mxatvruli Sedegi pirvelwyarodan sruliad gansxvavebuli 

ideur-mxatvruli koncefciis da dramaturgiuli 

principebis gamomxatveli xdeba. ase moxda iakob curtavelis 

,,SuSanikis wamebis” operis libretod gadaqcevis Sem- 

TxvevaSi (libretos avtori — r. sturua). 

speqtaklis reJisuraSi (robert sturua) originalurad 

aris gaazrebuli erovnuli mxatvruli azrovnebis umdidresi 

tradiciebi. am TvalsazrisiT, kvernaZe-sturuas saopero 

speqtaklSi Zveli da axali, erTmaneTisagan radikalurad 

gansxvavebuli, yvela im Teatraluri tradiciis 

rTul sinTezTan gvaqvs saqme, rac pirvel rigSi, r. sturuas 

SemoqmedebiTi poziciis ganmsazRvrelia. 

b. kvernaZis operis scenuri ganxorcielebis istoria r. 

sturuas mier dadgmuli speqtakliT daiwyo. scenur gadawyvetas 

asazrdoebda qarTul literaturaturaTmcodneoba- 

Si n. janaSias da T. WilaZis interpretaciiT asaxuli xucesiseuli 

SuSanikis mowameobrivi cxovrebis idea. amasTan, operis 

libreto (sturua) da musikaluri partitura (kvernaZe) 

gvaTavazobs am ideis ganzogadebul xedvas, misi detalizebuli, 

simboloebiT datvirTuli scenuri gadawyvetisagan 

gansxvavebiT. swored libreto, romelSic ganzogadebulia 

rwmenisadmi erTgulebis, simtkicisa da adamianuri tkivilis 

idea, aZlevs saSualebas kompozitors keTilisa da borotis, 

miwieris da sulieris miseuli xedva SemogvTavazos. 

kvernaZe-sturuas saopero speqtaklis dramaturgiuli 

Zirebis erTmniSvnelovnad gansazRvra arsebiTad SeuZlebelia. 

saopero speqtakli saTaves iRebs rogorc Suasaukuneebis 

liturgikul-misteriuli warmodgenebidan, aseve pasionebis 

dramaturgiidan. speqtaklSi gaTvaliswinebulia brextis 

epikuri Teatris Taviseburebani, amasTan, opera ukavSirdeba 

Tanamedrove musikaluri Teatris tradiciebs, marjaniSvilis, 

stanislavskis novatorul Ziebebs. 

garda amisa, libretoSia Cadebuli operis dramaturgiis 

arsebiTi Tavisebureba — Txrobis reminiscenciuli meTodi, 

rac ase mkafiod airekla musikaSi. da bolos, ukve libretoSi 

warmoCnda am saopero speqtaklis kidev erTi sagulisxmo 

Tviseba — gansxvavebul droTa dapirispireba-Serwymis 

xerxi. 

94

,,iyo mervesa welsas” libreto iakob curtavelis 

Txzulebis Tavisufal improvizacias warmoadgens. reJisorma 

saeklesio Janris nawarmoebSi asaxuli movlenebis gaTama- 

Seba moxetiale dass miando. operaSi erTmaneTs upirispirdeba 

ori radikalurad gansxvavebuli msoflmxedvelobis 

epoqa: V saukune — iakob xucesis ,,SuSanikis wamebis” daweris 

dro da XIX saukune — moxetiale dasis moqmedebis periodi. 

amasTan, speqtaklSi gamudmebiT igrZnoba mesame drois sun- 

Tqva, rac pirvelyovlisa am movlenebisadmi Tanamedrove xelovanTa 

damokidebulebaSi gamoixateba. 

libretistis mizani, pirvel rigSi, curtavelis Txzulebis 

religiur-filosofiuri xasiaTis ganzogadeba da mas- 

Si mimdinare movlenebis ,,inteleqtualur-saxeobrivi” gaazreba 

aris. 

libretisti SuSanikis wamebas warmogvidgens aramxolod 

rogorc procesualur, droSi ganfenil movlenas, aramed 

moqmedi gmirebis saSualebiT cdilobs wmidanis pirovnuli 

Tvisebebis da misi garemocvis Sefasebas. libretoSi 

yvela personaJi, maT Soris SuSanikic mTxrobelia. 

sturuas mier SemoTavazebuli dramaturgiuli modeli 

rTuli da erTgvarad uCveuloa pirvelwyarosTan damokidebulebis 

TvalsazrisiT. rogorc libretisti, igi mihyveba 

pirvelwyaros, magram xucesis mier aRweril movlenebs Tavisi 

Canafiqris Sesabamisad ucvlis saxes, rac gansakuTrebiT II 

moqmedebaSi iCens Tavs. 

I moqmedeba zustad misdevs curtavelis ,,SuSanikis wamebis” 

dasawyiss (trapezis epizodis CaTvliT). personaJebi 

metyveleben xucesis enaze, xolo SuSanikis ori monologis 

teqsti zustad emTxveva pirvelwyaros. mniSvnelovan cvlilebas 

arc siuJeturi logika ganicdis. marTalia, calkeul 

SemTxveaSi gvxvdeba epizodebis gadanacvleba, ama Tu im scenis 

gafarToeba, Tumca aRniSnuli cvlilebebi moTavsebulia 

pirvelwyaros ganviTarebis farglebebSi. 

II moqmedeba — variaciaa. am SemTxvevaSic SenarCunebulia 

moqmedebis Tanmimdevroba, magram gansxvaveba erTob 

TvalsaCinoa — personaJebi metyveleben Tanamedrove qar- 

Tul enaze. am nawilSi teqstic isea agebuli, rom reJisors 

saSualeba eZleva moqmedebis ganviTareba scenaze polifoni- 

95

urad warmarTos. magaliTad, libretos calkeuli monakve- 

Tebi personaJTa erTdroul Txrobazea agebuli da mravlaplastian 

dramaturgias ganapirobebs. 

libretos avtoris pirvelwyarosadmi originalurma 

damokidebulebam, saxeebis axleburi xedvac ganapiroba. TavisTavad 

is faqti, rom libreto gvTavazobs ,,Teatrs TeatrSi” 

da Sesabamisad iqmneba ori drois Tanaarseboba, ganapirobebs 

iakobis, SuSanikis da varsqenis saxeebis or ganzomilebaSi 

gadawyvetas. 

iakob curtavelis ,,SuSanikis wamebis” operis enaze 

ametyveleba udaod rTuli mxatvruli amocanis gadawyvetasTan 

iyo dakavSirebuli. kompozitors unda Seeqmna uZvelesi 

literaturuli Zeglis Sesatyvisi musika, ise, rom arc 

sakuTari stiluri meoba daekarga da arc libretistis da 

reJisoris (sturua) SemoqmedebiT pozicias dascileboda. 

kvernaZis operis musikaluri dramaturgia saintereso da 

originaluri principiT aris agebuli. dramaturgiis originaloba 

operis garegnul maxasiaTeblebSic iCens Tavs, rac 

gamoixateba operaSi e.w. ,,noveluri” principis arsebobiT. 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ,,noveluroba” operis ganviTarebis Sida 

principia, romelic gansazRvravs mTelisa da nawilebis 

urTierTobis xasiaTs, iqceva am urTierTobis normad. es ur- 

TierTobebi warmarTaven operis ganviTarebis mTel process, 

romlis saboloo mizans dasrulebuli scena-novelebis 

gamTlianeba da erT dramaturgiul yalibSi moqceva Seadgens. 

kvernaZis musika farToO StrixebiT asaxavs Cveni istoriis 

erT-erTi uZvelesi periodis saeklesio msoflmxedvelobas, 

romlis fonze aseve farToO ganzogadebas iZens curtavelis 

Txzulebis qveteqsti — Cveulebrivi adamianis miwieri 

gancdebi da tragedia. 

,,iyo mervesa welsa” musikaluri dramaturgiis TvalsazrisiT 

saintereso da TviTmyofi movlenaa. opera cameti 

scenisagan Semdgari ormoqmedebiani kompoziciaa. scenebi 

Semdegi principiT aris ganawilebuli: I moqmedeba aTi dasrulebuli 

scenis monacvleobazea agebuli (mag. ,,SuSanikis 

locva“, ,,varsqenis Camosvla” da a.S.). II moqmedeba warmodge- 

96

nilia mxolod sami sceniT. ukanasknel sam scenas avtorma 

novelebi uwoda. 

cametive scena dasrulebul nagebobas warmoadgens. 

musikaluri analizis Sedegad, kvernaZis opera SeiZleba 

warmovidginoT, rogorc ori ZiriTadi ,,dramaturgiuli 

sferos” —lirikulis da epikuris — urTierTmimarTeba. 

lirikuli da epikuri sferos urTierTmimarTeba realizebulia 

operis intonaciur-Tematuri ganviTarebis logikaSi, 

rac musikaluri kompoziciis mTlianobis safuZvels 

gansazRvravs. am TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba 

eniWeba musikaluri masalis droSi ganfenis sakiTxs. 

operis dramaturgia warmogvidgeba, rogorc ori Semxvedri 

principis urTierTqmedebis Sedegi. erT SemTxvevaSi 

saqme gvaqvs Tematurad Camoyalibebul saxe-ideasTan, romelic 

pirvelive taqtebSi JRers — epikuri Tema. igi iqceva rogorc 

operis intonaciuri ganviTarebis, ise axali Tema-saxeebis 

Seqmnis impulsad. xolo meore SemTxvevaSi, Tema-ideis 

Camoyalibebis xangrZliv procesTan, romelic mTeli operis 

manZilze grZeldeba. amasTan, am procesSi Camoyalibebuli 

Tema-idea saboloo saxiT mxolod finalSi, misi ganviTarebis 

kulminaciur stadiaze (SuSanikis ariaSi) JRers, manamde 

ki, epikuri Temis ganviTarebis paralelurad, misi gamomsaxvelobis 

calkeuli elementebi met-naklebad dasrulebul 

Sinaarsobriv-formalur struqturebs warmoqmnian. 

operis dasawyisSi warmodgenili epikuri saxiereba sul 

sxva mniSvnelobas iZens finalur scenaSi. epikuri Tema aq 

mTavari gmiris ganmadidebeli gundis amosavali xdeba. gundi 

JRers lirikuli Temis kulminaciuri gatarebis Semdeg. 

operis dramaturgiuli mTlianobis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi 

faqtori laitsistemebis jaWvis arsebobaa, ri- 

Tac es opera tradiciul saopero azrovnebas ukavSirdeba. 

laitsistema aq moicavs laitharmonias, laittonalobis da 

laittembris qvesistemebs. rac Seexeba laitTemebs, gamonakliss 

warmoadgens Tema, romelic SuSanikis saxesTan aris dakavSirebuli, 

romelic ganzogadebuli amaRlebuli sawyisis 

gamomxatvelia. am Temis motivebi xSirad Cndeba operis gmir- 

Ta aRsarebiT monologebSi. 

97

operis musikaluri dramaturgia ar aris martivi da er- 

TmniSvnelovani movlena. mis saxes gansazRvravs lirikuli, 

epikuri da dramatuli sferoebis, agreTve, sxva Janruli 

sawyisebis urTierTmimarTeba. 

,,iyo mervesa welsas” dramaturgiis Taviseburebas isic 

Seadgens, rom masSi epikuri, lirikuli da dramatuli Janruli 

sferoebis originaluri sinTezia mocemuli. Cveni azriT, 

am sinTezSi mJRavndeba samyaros xedvis polifoniuroba, rac 

sazogadod, erovnuli mxatvruli azrovnebis Taviseburebas 

Seadgens da mkafiod iCens Tavs r. sturuas reJisuraSic. aRniSnuli 

Janruli sinTezis Sedegad operaSi musikaluri ganviTareba 

SeiZleba ,,dramaturgiuli sferoebis” (bobrovskis 

termini) urTierTmimarTebad warmovidginoT. operaSi Sesabamisad 

gamoiyofa sami dramaturgiuli sfero — lirikuli, 

epikuri da dramatuli, romelTagan TiToeuli realizebulia 

garkveul Tematur-gamomsaxvelobiT kompleqsSi. amdenad, 

operis dramaturgiaSi gansakuTrebulia Temis, rogorc 

,,mikro-samyaros” roli. ramdenadac aRniSnul sferoTagan 

mxolod lirikuli da epikuri aris warmodgenili dasrulebuli, 

struqturulad Camoyalibebuli gamomsaxvelobiTi 

kompleqsiT, operis dramaturgiis sayrdenad swored maTi 

urTierTmimarTeba CavTvaleT. miT umetes, rom swored am 

urTierTmimarTebaSi ikiTxeba operis idea — miwieri da suliero 

sawyisebis dapirispireba. 

amrigad, operis amosavali lirikuli da epikuri Temebis 

Camoyalibebis procesia, ris gamoc ,,iyo mervesa welsas” 

dramaturgia warmogvidgeba, rogorc ori Semxvedri principis 

erTdrouli moqmedebis Sedegi. erT SemTxvevaSi, mocemulia 

struqturulad dasrulebuli Tema-idea (epikuri) da 

igi axali Tematuri saxeebis Seqmnis impulsi xdeba, moere 

SemTxvevaSi ki — Tema-idea (lirikuli) mTeli operis manZilze 

yalibdeba. aqedan gamomdinare, opera, rogorc mxatvruli 

mTeli, SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc makro-samyaros (epikuri 

da lirikuli sferoebis urTierTmimarTeba) da mikrosamyaros 

(erTi Tema-ideis, lirikulis Camoyalibeba) dialeqtikuri 

urTierTmimarTebis procesi. es procesi musikalur-dramaturgiuli 

ganviTarebis Sinagan dinamikas uzrunvelyofs, 

WvretiTi, meditaciuri, fsalmodirebuli epizo- 

98

debis siWarbisa da musikis garegnuli faqturuli erTgvarovnebis 

miuxedavad. 

,,iyo mervesa welsam” kompozitoris musikaluri azrovnebis 

mravli Tavisebureba gamokveTa. am kuTxiT sainteresoa 

laitsistemis roli operis dramaturgiaSi. operaSi warmodgenili 

laitTemis, laittembris, laittonalobis da laittembris 

qvesistemebi emyareba iseT mxatvrul xerxebs, rodesac 

laitgamomsaxvelobis kompleqsidan calkeuli elementis 

gamoCenac ki konkretul asociacias iwvevs. 

aseve originaluria kvernaZis saorkestro partitura. 

kompozitori ZiriTadad iyenebs orkestris minimalur Semadgenlibas. 

gansakuTrebul dramaturgiul mniSvnelobas 

iZens simebiani da xis Casaberi sakravebis originaluri Sexamebis. 

am ukanasknelTa solirebis epizodebi aRbeWdilia natifi 

impresionistuli saorkestro azrovnebis TaviseburebebiT. 

amasTan, fsiqologiurad daZabul, dramatul epizodebSi 

b. kvernaZis orkestris saves JReradoba SesaniSnavad 

gadmogvcems gmirTa vnebaTaRelvis simZafresac. 

,,iyo mervesa welsas” Tavisebureba saxeebis mravalplanian 

gaazrebaSic gamovlinda. gmirTa saxeebis daxasiaTebis 

erT-erTi amosavalia operis dramaturgiis principi ,,Teatri 

TeatrSi”. es gulisxmobs gmirTa daxasiaTebas iseTi 

Txrobis procesSi, roca gamoricxulia gmiris mimarT 

mTxrobelis damokidebulebis gamomJRavneba, Tanagancda. 

daxasiaTebis es tipi aaxlovebs operis dramaturgias epikuri 

Teatris arsobriv TaviseburebasTan — ,,gaucxoebis me- 

TodTan”. 

kvernaZis operas iseTi momentebis arsebobac gansaz- 

Rvravs, romlebic erTnairad damaxasiaTebelia Zveli da Tanamedrove 

musikaluri azrovnebisaTvis. operaSi mTavar 

gmirTa fsiqologiuri samyaro dasrulebuli solo nomrebi- 

Tac aris gaxsnili, romlebSic mJRavndeba sulier da miwier 

sawyisTa urTierTobis dialeqtika. 

rogorc avRniSneT, operaSi sWarbobs deklamaciur-re- 

Citatiuli sawyisi, gamoyenebulia vokalur-musikaluri masalis 

mowodebis iseTi principi, romelic fsalmodirebidan 

iRebs saTaves. 

99

operis musikaluri dramaturgiis arsebiTi Taviseburebaa 

ganviTarebis erTgvarad Senelebuli tempi drois xangrZliv 

distanciaze. avtori cdilobs, rac SeiZleba naklebad 

gafantos msmenelis yuradReba da koncentrireba moaxdinos 

ideaze. aqedan gamomgdinare, operaSi sWarbobs meditaciuri, 

WvretiTi xasiaTis epizodebi. es ganpirobebulia 

kompozitoris mTavari amosavali mxatvrul-esTetikuri 

principiT, romelic Zvel qristianul esTetikas SeiZleba 

davukavSiroT, saidanac, Tavis mxriv, sazrdoobs Tanamedrove 

musikalur-esTetikuri azri. 

operis musikaluri masalis Seswavla warmoaCens musikalur 

masalaze muSaobis garkveul princips, romelSic gamoixateba 

mokle intonaciuri saqcevebis ufro did nagebobad 

gamTlianeba. arsebiTad, mTeli rigi dasrulebuli epizodebi 

warmoadgenen erTI da igive Tematur-intonaciuri 

kompleqsebis sxvadasxvagvar kombinaciaTa erTianobas. es 

principi mogvagonebs uZveles sakompozitoro teqnikaSi modusebis 

principiT intonirebis xerxs. 

operas XX saukunis musikis tendenciasTan akavSirebs 

motivuri ganviTarebis gansakuTrebuli roli mTliani kompoziciis 

SeqmnaSi. metro-ritmis xSiri cvla sxvadasxva xasiaTis 

scenebsa Tu epizodebSi zogadad damaxasiaTebelia XX 

saukunis melodiisTvis. 

operaSi gamoyenebuli kadrebis monacvleobis principi, 

e.w. ,,dafenis” xerxi (,,trapezis scenaSi”), Txrobis reminiscenciuli 

meTodi, asociacias iwvevs Tanamedrove kinodramaturgiis 

principebTan, rac aqtiurad Semovida XX saukunis 

saopero xelovnebaSi. 

yvela is tendencia, romelic b. kvernaZis ,,iyo mervesa 

welsa” gamovlinda da daukavSirda Tanamedrove Tu axleburad 

gaazrebul Zveleburi musikis saazrovno procesebs, 

kompozitoris individualuri stilis prizmaSia gardatexili 

da mowmobs, rom b. kvernaZis musikaluri stili iTvaliswinebs 

erovnuli musikaluri stilis tradiciebsac. es Seexeba, 

rogorc mxatvruli saxis gaazrebis zogierT Taviseburebas, 

ise musikaluri enis calkeul konkretul elementebsac. 

magaliTad, gmirTa saxeebis yvelaze zogadi aspeqti, swored 

erovnul saopero tradiciidan iRebs saTaves. es pirvel rig- 

100

Si, amaRlebuli sawyisis da misi realuri gamomsaxvelobis 

interpretaciaSi iCens Tavs. 

biZina kvernaZis ,,iyo mervesa welsa” axali sityvaa qar- 

Tul saopero xelovnebaSi. rogorc scenuri ganxorcilebis, 

ise musikaluri dramaturgiis TvalsazrisiT, igi erovnuli 

operis manmade uCveulo hibriduli nawarmoebia, romelmac 

qarTuli operis sinamdvileSi gansakuTrebuli simwvaviT wamoWra 

musikisa da dramis urTierTmimarTebis problema da 

qarTul sinamdvileSi saopero xelovnebis axali xedva daamkvidra. 


1. axmeteli m., ,,Teatris absoluturoba da avtonomiuroba 

unda vaRiaroT’’, J. ,,sabWoTa xelovneba” 1985, #4 

2. managaZe x., biZina kvernaZis opera ,,iyo mervesa welsa”. sadiplomo 

naSromi. Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoria, 

Tbilisi, 1990 

3. WilaZe T., iakob curtavelis ,,SuSanikis wameba”. ciskari, 

1977., #5 

4. janaSia n., ,,SuSanikis wameba”, istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi 

gamokvleva. Tb., 1980 

5. janeliZe d., qarTuli Teatris istoria. wigni I xalxuri 

sawyisebi. Tb., 1983 

Khatuna Managadaze 

,,There was in the Eighth Year” by Bidzina 

Kvernadze — Musical-Dramatic Peculiarities 

Summary 

“There was in the Eighth Year” by Bidzina Kvernadze is the new 

word in Georgian opera art. Due to the stage incarnation and from the 

musical-dramatic viewpoint this is a hybrid work which was unusual in 

national opera art before. With special sharpness of interrelations 

between music and drama it brought the new view of opera art in 

Georgian reality. 

101

102 

murman maxaraZe 

sasimRero xmis registrebi da bgeris moxurva 

(r. iusonis wignis ,,sasimRero xmis” mixedviT) 

vokaluri pedagogikisa da sasimRero xelovnebis praqtikaSi 

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs momRerlis 

xmis registrebsa da mis moxurvas. 

adrec da axlac vxvdebiT sasimRero xmis registrebis 

sxvadasxva dasaxelebebs: dabali, maRali, Sua, saSualo, mediumi, 

mkerdis registri, Tavis registri da sxva. am bolo 

dros sxva dasaxelebebic gamoCdnen, kerZod raul iusonis 

wignebSi. 

r. iusoni, Tavisi bgeraTwarmoqmnis neiroqronaqsiuli 

Teoriis safuZvelze aRmoaCens da asaxelebs adamianis sasim- 

Rero xmis 4 registrs: I, II, III da IV. is ganmartavs, rom registrebis 

cvalebadoba damokidebulia aqsonebSi nerviul impulsTa 

gamtarobis fazobriv cvalebadobaze. 

xmis I registridan meoreSi gadasvlisas r. iusoni aRmoaCens, 

rom I registris maRali ukiduresi zRvrebis Semdeg mamoZravebeli 

impulsebi ver vrceldebian yvela aqsonebSi er- 

Ti da igive fazaSi, amitom Sebrunebuli nervis aqsonebi iyofian 

or jgufad da rigrigobiT atareben impulsebs. samagierod, 

fazaTa Soris sxvaoba toli xdeba naxevarperiodisa, 

aseve naxevrdeba nerviul impulsTa amplitudac. impulsTa 

aseTnair gatarebas r. iusonma orfaziani gamtaroba uwoda. 

am orfazianobaSi Cndeba xmis II registri anu falceti. qal- 

Ta xmebSi II registrs igi Tavis registrs uwodebs. maSasadame, 

mamakacTa xmebSi I registri mkerdis registria da II registri 

falceti, qarTulad — krini. 

qalTa xmebSi I registri mkerdis xmaa, II, III da IV — Tavis 

registrebi, sasimRero. 

r. iusonis aRmoCeniT, Sebrunebuli nervis qronaqsiis 

sidideze damokidebulebiT icvlebian I registris zeda ukiduresi 

samRerebi Semdegnairad: 

bani — fis 1 (I oqtavis ,,fa diezi” ) 360 hc. (qronaqsia 0,14 

ml.w.)

artioni — h 1 (I oqtavis ,,si” ) 480 hc. (qronaqsia 0,105 

ml.w.) 

tenori — es 2 (II oqtavis ,,mi bemoli” ) 620 hc. (qronaqsia 

0,08 ml.w.) 

qalTa xmebSi iusons warmodgenili aqvs II registris 

ukiduresi zRvrebi Sesabamisad, oqtaviT maRla gaormagebuli 

rxevaTa ricxvis sixSiriT. 

ratomaa cxrilSi naCvenebi mamakacTa xmis I registris 

ukiduresi da qalTa xmis II registris ukiduresi sazRvrebi? 

es imitom, rom mamakacTa praqtikuli sasimRero diapazoni I 

registrSi Tavsdeba, xolo qalTa xmis sasimRero diapazoni I 

da II registrebTan erTad. 

klasikuri momRerlebis praqtikaSi r. iusoni qalebSi Idan 

II registrSi gadasvlis zRvrad uCvenebs I oqtavis ,,mi”-s 

— e 1 -s, da Tan dasZens: `Tu ar CavTvliT iSviaT gamonaklisebs~. 

am gamonaklisebSi Cven unda vigulisxmoT saestrado, 

xalxuri da zogierTi xalxis nacionaluri momRerlebi (induri 

nacionaluri). 

Cveni azriT, am tipis momReral qalTa xmis I registri 

SeiZleba gagrZeldes e 1 (I oqtavis ,,mi” ), f 1 (I oqtavis ,,fa” ), 

fis 1 (I oqtavis ,,fa diezi” )-mde. 

`pirveli, anu mkerdis registris zeda ukiduresi zRvari 

ganpirobebulia refraqtuli periodis arsebobiT da gadasvla 

am zRvris iqiT xorcieldeba orfaziani gamtarobis 

saSualebiT~ — aRniSnavs iusoni. 

r. iusoni ganmartavs, rom refraqtuli periodi aris 

drois umciresi monakveTi, rodesac qsovili kargavs unars 

ganagrZos aRgznebadi impulsebis gatareba, anu dro aRgznebadobis 

unaris aRdgenisaTvis, e.w. kunTis gaSeSeba `tetanusis~ 

mdgomareobaSi. 

r. iusonis wignSi `sasimRero xma~ mocemulia sqema, sadac 

Cans Sebrunebuli nervis gamtarianobis 4 tipi: erTfaziani, 

orfaziani, samfaziani da oTxfaziani gamtaroba, rasac 

mohyveba Sesabamisad impulsTa amplitudis Semcireba. fazebis 

cvalebadobis Sesabamisad icvleba eleqtro stimulebis 

sixSire: I faza — 200 hc. II faza — 800 hc. III faza — 1200 hc. IV 

faza — 1600 hc. am cxrilsve Seesabameba iusonis mier mocemuli 

xmis registrebi. aqedan gamomdinare, III da II registrebis 

103

momRerlebi iSviaTobaa. iusoni asaxelebs ramodenime momReral 

qals: mado robeni, Joze darlia, aniel frie, erna baki, 

ima sumaki. 

r. iusoni aRniSnavs, rom III registri daaxloebiT kvintiT 

maRlaa momRerali xmis II registrTan SedarebiT. winaT 

am registrs eZaxdnen `mcires” an `flaJoleturs”. yvelaze 

did gamonakliss simReris istoriaSi warmoadgens mado robenis 

ukiduresi maRali noti me-4 oqtavis `re” (d 4 ) 2300 hc. 

oTxive registris zeda ukiduresi sazRvrebi aRiniSneba 

Semdegi notebiT: I cis 2 , II d 3 , III b 3 , IV d 4. III da IV registrebi 

aramyaria da adreve ekargebaT momRerlebs. 

XX saukunis sasimRero praqtikaSi ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba 

mamakacebis I anu mkerdis da qalebis I da II registrebi, 

qalebSi, upiratesad II registri, — gamonaklisia kontra-alto. 

Tanamedrove simReris praqtikaSi mamakacis II registri 

anu falceti, qarTulad — krini, gamoiyeneba damoukidebeli 

saxiT. Zvel qarTul sagaloblebSi: I — krini, II — zili, III — bani, 

IV — dvrini. 

krins ufro vxvdebiT mkerdis xmasTan erTad — qarTuli 

xalxuri simReris gurul kiloSi krimanWulis saxiT. 

orive maTganis struqtura erTnairia, urTierTwyoba ki 

sxvadasxva. 

krimanWulSi jer krinia, mere mkerdis xma, tirolurSi 

ki, piriqiT — jer mkerdis xma, mere krini. miuxedavad erTnairi 

Semadgenlobisa, maTi xasiaTi da gamomxatveloba sruliad 

gansxvavebulia. tiroluri gamoiyeneba rogorc simRerebis 

lamazi misamReri, krimanWuli ki — mrvalxmiania, polifoniuri 

simReris erT-erTi damoukidebeli maRali xmaa. 

krins vxvdebiT agreTve zogierTi momRerlis praqtika- 

Si `yiyliyos” saxelwodebiT. `yiyliyo” tiroluris wyobisaa: 

jer xma, mere krini. 

XIX saukuneSi SemorCenili iyo mamakacTa xmebSi II registris 

anu falcetis gamoyeneba xmis diapazonis Semdgomi gagrZelebisaTvis. 

gamoCenili jovani rubini (italia) da adolf 

nuri (safrangeTi) xmidan falcetSi gadasvlis didostatebi 

iyvnen (XIX s-is I naxevari). 

104

amave saukunis dasawyisSi operebis Seqmnam moiTxova, 

rom Semqniliyo xmis diapazoni mkerdis registrSi, radgan 

falcetiT aRebuli ma Rali noti ver qmnida, ver gamoxatavda 

dramatizebul simReraSi kulminacias. mkerdis registris 

Semdgomi gazrda moxda e.w. bgeris moxurvis gziT. es 

ukanaskneli ki gamoiwvia simReris dros Sinagani gancdisa da 

aRgznebadobis gazrdam. 

xmis moxurvis teqnikis pirvel avtorad iTvleba frangi 

tenori Jilber diupre, radgan man pirvelma gaitana italiis 

farglebs gareT da gaacno safrangeTis sazogadoebas. 

am teqnikas ki igi dauflebia neapolSi tenor noZarisTan (i. 

aTanelovi, 1976: 150). 

bgeris moxurvis teqnika XIX saukunis momRerlebisa da 

pedagogebis aqtualuri problema gaxda, jakomo laurivolpis 

azriT. Cveni musikaluri saswavleblebis farglebSi 

sasimRero xmis moxurvis teqnika dResac problemaa, amitom 

sasurvelia vixelmZRvaneloT i. aTanelovis wigniT `daviT 

andRulaZe~. 

r. iusoni aRniSnavs, rom mamakacTa xmebSi bgeris moxurva 

xdeba I registrSi da mas `gadasvlas~ uwodebs. mag: roca 

baritoni mReris aRmaval gamas xmovan a-ze da cdilobs mas 

SeunarCunos Ria xasiaTi, — es advilad gamoudis g 1 (I oqtavis 

,,sol”) -dan c 1 (I oqtavis ,,do”) -mde. cis 1 (I oqtavis ,,do diezi”) 

-ze bgera iwyebs gaTeTrebas, es TandaTan matulobs d 1 (I 

oqtavis ,,re”) -ze da es 1 (I oqtavis ,,mi bemoli”) -ze, bgera 

mkveTri da myvirala xdeba, momRerali grZnobs siZneles. 

imisaTvis, rom gadalaxos es siZnele, igi iwyebs bgeris moxurvas 

anu `gadasvlas~, ris Semdegac siZnelisa da winaRmdegobis 

gareSe gaagrZelebs gamas pirveli registris ukidures 

amaRlebamde, gaizrdeba I registris diapazoni. 

xdeba, agreTve, daxuruli xmovnebis moxurva, magram 

daaxloebiT kvintiT dabla, vidre Ria xmovnebisa. es naadrevi 

moxurva unarCunebs maT TavianT fonetikur Tvisebebs. 

gadasvlis win Riad xmovnebisas xdeba xorxis sfinqteris 

Zlieri Seviwroeba, moWera, moxurvis Semdeg ki misi mniSvnelovani 

moSveba, daiWimeba da dagrZeldeba saxmo iogebi, 

ramdenadme gaizrdeba rxevis amplituda, amaRldeba saxmo 

iogebis aRgznebadoba. moxurvis Semdeg xorxi daiwevs dabla, 

105

enis ukana nawili waiwevs win, sasis farda mniSvnelovnad 

iwevs maRla, amasTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovnad gaizrdeba 

xorxis are yvela mimarTulebiT, SeimCneva fariseburi xrtilis 

daxra qveviT da win, agreTve, parkuWTa nasvretebis Semcireba. 

saxmo xvrelis horizontaluri sibrtye daixreba 

qveviT da win 15-450-iT. moxurvis Semdeg saxmo iogebi naklebad 

daZabulni arian da odnav Sordebian erTmaneTs, izrdeba 

haeris xarjva, rac moiTxovs momRerlisagan iogebqveSa wnevis 

gazrdas, rasac unda mohyves sasunTqi muskulaturis aqtivobis 

gaZliereba. moxurvis dros impedansi (bgeriTi winaaRmdegoba) 

mniSvnelovnad izrdeba xorxis areSi. 

moxurvis Semdeg momRerali xmas SeigrZnobs, `niRabSi~ 

sunTqva xdeba ufro dayrdnobili da igrZnoba kunTebis da- 

Wimva muclis areSi (d. andRulaZe). sagulisxmoa, rom moxurviT 

gamowveuli cvlilebebi Secvlian bgeriTi talRis formas 

da amitomac moxuruli bgera tembralurad gansxvavdeba 

Ria bgerisagan (akustikaSi cnobilia, rom tembrTa sxvaoba, 

bgeriTi talRebis formaTa sxvaobiTaa gamowveuli). Ria 

xmovnebiT simReris dros qalebic xvdebian siZneleebs da 

isinic gamodian mdgomareobidan moxurvis gziT. 

qvevidan aRmasvlisas qalebze SeimCneva tembris mkveTri 

Secvla. es, ukve registris Secvlas niSnavs da ara `gadasvlas~ 

anu moxurvas. moxurva xdeba qalTa xmebis orive registrSi, 

magram tembris Seucvlelad. 

106 

registruli cvlilebebisa da xmis moxurvis 

(`pasaJi~ `gadasvla~) Sedareba 

zemoT Cven gvqonda Ria da moxuruli bgerebis SedarebiTi 

ganxilva erTdaimave registrSi. axla ki ganvixiloT 

gansxvaveba registrsa da moxurvas Soris. 

r. iusoni aRniSnavs 5 ZiriTad gansxvavebas registrul 

cvlilebasa da moxurvas Soris (ix. misi `fonaciis fiziologia”). 

gansxvaveba 1. @rodesac momRerali ganavrcobs Tavis 

xmas zeda zRvaris mimarTulebiT da unda miaRwios kidev ufro 

maRal bgerebs, registris Secvla aucilebelia.

sapirispirod amisa,^Tu momRerali aRmaval gamas mReris 

Ria xmovanze, mas Sexvdeba dabrkoleba gadasvlasTan (pasaJTan), 

SeuZlia ganagrZos aRmasvla registris Seucvlelad 

Ria xmovnis SecvliT daxurul xmovanze. 

gansxvaveba 2. I registris umaRlesi zRvaris miRwvis 

Semdeg cvla xdeba saSualod 400-600 hc-is farglebSi. sapirispirod 

amisa, aRmavali gamis Ria xmovaniT gadasvlis siZnele 

Tavs iCens 280-360 hc-is farglebSi, e.i. I svetis dabla, 

vidre I registris zRvari iangariSeba. 

gansxvaveba 3. registris Secvla aris aucilebloba, 

romelic Tanabrad Seexeba yvela xmovans da Tanac erTdaimave 

simaRleze yvelasaTvis. xmis moxurvis aucilebloba ki 

exeba mxolod Ria xmovnebSi. 

gansxvaveba 4. es gansxvaveba Cans rentgenSi da tomogramaSi. 

rodesac xdeba I-dan II registrSi gadasvla, xorxi maRla 

iwevs, rogorc kacebSi, ise qalebSi da saxmo iogebis kideebi 

wvrildebian (mamakacebTan), maSin roca moxurvis dros xorxi 

dabla daiwevs da saxmo iogebi Tavis sisqes ar icvlian. 

gansxvaveba 5. vokalur-korporuli (sxeulebrivi) sqema 

momRerlisa erTi registridan meoreSi gadasvlisas ganicdis 

ucabed cvlilebas imis gamo, rom sxeulebrivi SegrZnebebi 

Tavis qalis doneze Zlierdeba (`SegrZnebebis cefalizacia”, 

cefalon — Tavis qala — laT.), xolo xorxis doneze 

momRerali ganicdis saTanado SegrZnebebis dasustebas. sapirispirod 

amisa, bgeris moxurvis Sesrulebis dros mom- 

Rerlis vokalur-sxeulebrivi sqema ganicdis cvlilebas Sesustebis 

mimarTulebiT Tavis qalis SegrZnebaTa areSi da 

SegrZnebaTa momatebas mkerdisa da muclis Rrus SegrZneba- 

Ta areSi. ramdenadac metad SeigrZnobs xorxis doneze kun- 

Turi muSaobis momatebul SegrZnebas momRerali, miT ufro 

ar aurevs erTmaneTSi registrebisa da moxurvis problemas. 

r. iusonis wignebSi:@`momRerlis xma” da `fonaciis fiziologia”, 

warmodgenilia sasimRero xmis registrebisa da 

xmis moxurvis fiziologiuri da akustikuri analizebi da ar 

aris raime miTiTeba momRerlebisa da pedagogebisaTvis. minda 

moviSvelio daviT andRulaZis praqtikul-Teoriuli 

principebi bgeris moxurvis Sesaxeb. 

107

eyrdnoboda ra pilkes, muzeholdis, masedatelevis, 

iusonis koncefciebs, d. andRulaZe pirvel rigSi miuTiTebda 

sunTqvaze dayrdnobiT simRerisa da bgeris moxurvis teqnikis 

mWidro kavSirze. momRerali, romelic sunTqvaze dayrdnobiT 

ar mReris, ver moaxerxebs gardamavali notebis daxurvas. 

d. andRulaZe miuTiTebda, rom gamis aRmavlobis dros 

mowafes ufro Zlierad unda SeegrZno muclis presi da Ria 

,,a” xorxis auwevlad gamoeyvana ,,o”-sa da ,,u”-s Soris tembrze. 

es gadasvla tembralurad uwyvetia da miiRweva centrSi 

SegrZnebuli sunTqvis sayrdeniT, romelsac ganapirobebs 

bgeris maRali sasimRero formanta. am tembruli TvisebiT 

xdeba misi daxuruli variantis gaerTianeba centridan. 

amgvarad, aq ucvlelia sunTqvis sayrdeni. cvlileba 

SeumCnevelia imis gamo, rom vokaluri bgeris organizacia 

xdeba maRali sasimRero formantis fokusSi da ara sametyvelo 

xmovnebis tembrul speqtrSi (morozovi, `Тайны 

вокальной речи”). d. andRulaZe bgeris daxurvaze muSaobisas 

did yuradRebas aqcevda, rom ar eJRera bgeras cxviris sarezonanso 

areSi. misi azriT, Tu bgera emisirebulia upiratesad 

cxviris areSi, SesaZloa moxdes misi feris daCrdilva, 

magram teqnikurad srulyofil daxurvas ver miviRebT. daxurvis 

teqnikisa da naTeli tembris dauflebisaTvis d. andRulaZe 

avarjiSebda Tavis mowafeebs ì”, è” da ù” xmovnebze 

Rimilis mdgomareobaSi. 

d. andRulaZe ambobda, rom maRali formatis maRali 

poziciis gamomuSaveba da ganmtkiceba ,,i”, ,,e” da ,,u” bgerebze 

varjiSis gziT, xels uwyobs saxis (niRabis) rezonirebas 

xmis mTel diapazonze. 

108 

miqstisa da falcetis SedarebiTi ganxilva 

miqstis iusoniseuli fiziologiuri analizi warmoadgens 

rbili tembriT piano-ze namRer I registris moxurul 

bgeras, sadac moxurva xorcieleba ufro dabla. igive xdeba 

qalebSic, mxolod II registrSi oqtaviT maRla. is, rom miqsti 

mkerdis registris bgeraa, SeiZleba davrwmundeT^misi 

TandaTanobiTi gaZlierebiT (iogebqveSa wnevisa da impedan-

sis gazrdiT). igi iqceva Cveulebriv xmad, mxolod saWiroa 

TandaTanobiTi gaRebac. miqsti Tavisi tembriTa da susti 

JReradobiT falcets Camohgavs, amitom SesaZlebelia er- 

TmaneTSi gadasvla^ mxolod sxvadasxva notebze (sagulisxmoa, 

rom Zvel sagaloblebSi miqstsac krins eZaxdnen). 

mamakacis xmebSi erTi da igive notze falcetidan miqstSi 

an piriqiT ^— miqstidan falcetSi gadasvla SeuZlebelia, 

aucileblad moxdeba gawyveta gadasvlis dros. aq xom 

registruli cvalebadobaa. 

aseTive movlenas aqvs adgili zogierT momRerlebSi 

`yiyliyos~ saxiT. unda vigulisxmoT, rom `yiyliyo~ uneblie 

SemTxvevaSi xdeba miqstisa da moxurvis zeda zonebSi. miqstis 

an xmis ar daxurvis an araswori daxurvis gamo xdeba 

bgeris forsireba. moWarbebulad Sekruli da daZabuli saxmo 

iogebi veRar uZleben aseT mdgomareobas, iogebqveSa wneva 

da impendansi ver arian TanafardobaSi, daZabulia TviT 

xorxic. am mdgomareobaSi myofi saxmo iogebi eZeben gamosavals, 

cdiloben Seisvenon — moSvebiT, erTmaneTisagan daSorebiT. 

momentalurad wydeba I registrisânu mkerdis xma, 

centraluri nervuli sistemidan brZanebis gaucemlad^da am 

momentSi, e.i. iogebis mcire daSorebis Semdeg warmoiqmneba II 

registris bgera^ falceti `yiyliyo”. 

axla vnaxoT ra xdeba Sebrunebul nervSi, roca mkerdis 

xma ukidures sazRvarTanaa misuli. nerviul impulsTa gamtarianoba 

erTfazianobaSi ukiduresad qveiTdeba refraqtoruli 

periodis ukmarisobis gamo, rasac iZulebiT moyveba 

impulsTa orfaziani gamtaroba da am orfazianobaSi II registris 

bgera anu falceti. e.i. mamakacis xmaSi daugegmav da 

moulodnel registrul cvlas I-dan II registrSi mohyveba 

falceti `yiyliyo”-s saxiT. yovelive zemoT aRniSnulis safuZvelze 

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom sasimRero bgeris drouli 

da swori moxurva saxmo iogebis damcveli meqanizmia. 

warmogidgenT damwyeb da damaxinjebul momRerlebTan 

mosawesrigebeli muSaobis erT-erT parqtikul nimuSs: 

Tanmimdevroba xmovnebisa, romlebic pirvel rigSi unda 

mowesrigdes. 

,,i”, ,,e”, ,,a”, ,,u” — am wyobaSi pirvel etapze unda mowesrigdnen 

,,i” da ,,u”, an piriqiT — ,,u” da ,,i”. Semdeg ,,i” —^è” da 

109

ù” —^ò”. i-e-a-u-o-a. e.i. Semdeg es swor xazSi miiRebs aseT saxes: 

110 

1 2 3 2 1 

i e a o u 

xmovan ,,a”-s unda SevutioT orive mxridan, igi yvelaze 

ufro matyuara da macdunebelia. 

pirvel etapze, mocemul xmovnebs unda uZRodes Tanxmovnebi 

— Rv — e.i. Rvi, Rve, Rva. Semdeg Rvu, Rvo, Rua. an pri, 

pre, pra, pro, pru. 

mas Semdeg, rac miviRebT damajerebel Sedegs zemoT 

aRniSnul TanmimdevrobaSi, xmovanTa mravalgvari monacvleobisaTvis 

gTavazobT universalur sqemas: 

1 u 

2o 

i 1 

a 3 

e 2


1. aTanelovi i., nodar andRulaZe, Tb., 1976 

Murman Makharadze 

Register of Singing Voice and Sound Closure 

(on the Basis of R. Huson’s Neuron Chronacsal Theory) 

Summary 

The article deals with the register of bosom and head. Men’s and 

women’s speaking voice is the first register i.e. bosom register and the 

second is the head register - in men falsetto and in women soprano. 

Here we mention where we meet registers alone and in a mixed way in 

the singing practice. “Krimanchuli” and “Tiroluri” are discussed and at 

the same time “Kikliko” as one structure but with a different 

arrangement. 

111

112 

xaTuna niniZe 

interpretaciis problemebi franc Subertis 

Semoqmedebis magaliTze 

(introduqcia da variaciebi 

fleitisa da fortepianosaTvis Txz.160) 

xelovnebis nebismieri nimuSi Seicavs Tavis TavSi iseT 

elementebs, romlis meSveobiTac SeiZleba SevityoT nawarmoebis 

avtoris sulis siRrmiseuli procesebis Sesaxeb. es 

ar aris originaluri azri, amis Sesaxeb yvela musikosi saubrobs. 

asea am SemTxvevaSic. Cvens winaSea avstrieli romantikosi 

kompozitoris franc Subertis introduqcia da variaciebi 

fleitisa da fortepianosaTvis, saxelwodebiT ,,gamxmari 

yvavilebi’’. Ee.i am nawarmoebis saSualebiT Cven unda 

SevZloT kompozitoris ,,sulis siRrmiseuli procesebis’’ 

Secnoba. 

Cveni azriT, Semoqmedebis xatis srulad danaxvaSi misi 

cxovrebis yvela detalis codna gvexmareba, rogorc teqnikuri 

problemebis, aseve nawarmoebis Sinaarsis gagebis gadaWraSi. 

nawarmoebis Sinaarsis gadmocemas uzrunvelyofs 

iseTi saSemsruleblo Cvevebis floba, rogoricaa Txzulebis 

swori intonireba, formis etapoprivi da Tvisobrivi ganviTareba, 

mravalferovani akustikuri saSualebebis gamovlena, 

harmoniuli individualobis xazgasma, melodiis saSualebiT 

nawarmoebis dedaazris mniSvnelovani formulis 

amoxsna, instrumentis SesaZleblobis farglebSi saukeTeso 

ostatobis realizeba, sakompozicio teqnikis gaazrebiT 

kompozitoris individualobis, mniSvnelovani Strixebis 

warmoCena, rac saboloo jamSi saintereso interpretaciis 

garants warmoadgens SemsruleblisaTvis. 

,,saSemsruleblo xelovnebas gaaCnia ori ganStoeba. 

Semsrulebeli an kompozitoris Tanaavtoria, an kidev aris 

sanoto damwerlobis, reproduqciis meqanikuri mwarmoebeli 

arsebuli teqnikis farglebSi. gamoiyofa Semsrulebel- 

Ta ori tipi: erTni, romlebsac esmiT da grZnoben musikas Si-

nagani smeniT, intonireben mas Sinaganad Sesrulebamde anu 

winaswar; sxvebi swavloben nawarmoebebs TvalebiT, aanalizeben 

mis konstruqcias da esmiT mxolod maSin, rodesac is 

JRers xmebSi an instrumentebze. pirvelebma ician ras gaigoneben 

winaswar, meoreni yovelTvis marCieloben’’ 

(Малинковская 1990:153). 

musikaluri gancda Tavisi arsiT emociuri gancdaa, 

magram mxolod emociuri gziT SeuZlebelia gavigoT musikis 

Sinaarsi. musikis intonaciuri Sinaarsis aRqmaSi mTavar 

rols emociurTan erTad asrulebs inteleqtualuri mxare. 

musikis mosmena niSnavs gaazrebas da gancdas, magram aqve 

aucilebelia CavrToT saxeobriv-asocirebulobis faqtori. 

asafievisMmravali msjeloba mowmobs imaze, rom cnobili 

triptiqi: xati-grZnoba-azri — aris erTi mTliani da Sinagani 

intonaciurobis Sinaarsobrivi kompleqsebis ganuyofeli 

nawili. 

Tanamedrove fsiqologiis Tanaxmad, yvelanairi Semecnebis 

procesi xorcieldeba ara mxolod modelis agebulebis 

Sinagani gegmiT, aramed warmosaxviT da azrovnebiT; sa- 

Semsruleblo intonirebis procesSi mTavari mniSvnelobisaa 

praqtikuli ,,morgebiTi’’ moqmedebebi. aseTi gamWoli Tviseba 

pirdapir kavSirSia Sinagani struqturis aTvisebasTan. 

bgeriT-saxeobriv formirebaSi monawileobas iRebs ara mxolod 

azrobrivi warmosaxviTi JReradobebi, aramed mravalricxovani 

impulsebi, wamosuli motorikis sferodan — Sinagani 

kunTovani SegrZnebebi, sivrcobrivi kordinaciebi da 

a.S. (Малинковская 1990:137). 

rogorc gviCvena Tavis gamokvlevaSi o. f. Sulpiakovma, 

azri da moqmedeba mxatvruli saxis Camoyalibebis procesis 

ganuwyveteli monawileebi arian. maTi dialeqtikuri erTianoba 

damyarebulia Zalian rTul urTierTmimarTebaze, radgan 

ara mxolod teqnikaa damokidebuli mxatvrul saxis Canafiqrze, 

aramed TviTon Canafiqri xorcieldeba mniSvnelovanwilad 

teqnikis zegavleniT 

113 

( Малинковская 1990:182). 

cnobilia, rom Subertis Semoqmedebis amosavali aris 

simRera da simRerasTan erTad poeziac. 1822 wlis 3 ivliss 

kompozitori wers ucnaur qmnilebas, zRapar-legendas ,,Cemi 

sizmari’’. MCven vTliT, rom es mcire zomis Canaxati Tavisi

mistikuri SeferilobiT srulyofilad asaxavs Subertis SemoqmedebiT 

mrwamss. sxvaTaSoris, misi biografiidan cnobilia 

isic, rom Subertis megobrebi mistikiT gatacebas ukrZalavdnen. 

ai, ras gviambobs Suberti Tavis literaturul Canaxat- 

Si ,,sizmari’’: ,,me bevri da-Zma myavda. Cven keTili mama da deda 

gvzrdida. Myvela Rrma siyvaruliT miyvarda. erTxel mamam 

mdidar wveulebaze wagviyvana. Cemi Zmebi zeimze Zalzed xalisobdnen, 

me ki moviwyine. mama momiaxlovda da mibrZana damegemovnebina 

SesaniSnavi kerZebi. Cemma uarma mama gaabraza 

da saxlidan gamaZeva. miuxedavad imisa, rom mama eWvis TvaliT 

miyurebda, Zalian miyvarda, magram mainc gavecale da 

gavemgzavre Soreul qveyanaSi. didi xnis ganmavlobaSi vitanjebodi, 

male dedis gardacvaleba Sevityve da masTan gamosamSvidobeblad 

davbrundi. tkivilma mamas guli moulbo da 

mapatia. dedis gaqvavebuli saxis danaxvaze cremlebi wamskda, 

Soreuli, keTili dro warmomidga Tvalwin, iseTi, rogoric 

mZinarem vicodi da rogorc deda meubneboda, momavalSic 

aseT droSi vicxovrebdi. 

sinanuliT gavacileT misi cxedari da kubo saufloSi 

CauSviT. amis Semdeg Sin davrCi. erTxel mamam gamiyvana mis 

sayvarel baRSi da mkiTxa, momwonda Tu ara es, CemTvis autaneli 

baRi. mamam mrisxanebiT gamimeora SekiTxva, razec kankaliT 

vupasuxe ,,ara’’. man sila gamawna da meored davtove sayvareli 

adamianebi, romelTac Cemi ar esmodaT. me kvlav gaviqeci. 

mogzaurobisas sul vmRerodi. roca simRera siyvarulze 

iyo, mwuxarebas mgvrida, roca mwuxarebaze vmRerodi — 

siyvaruls. ase, siyvaruli da mwuxareba RrRnida Cems suls 

iqamde, vidre RvTaebrivi qalwulis Sesaxeb Sevityobdi. misi 

saflavis Tavze moniSnul RvTaebriv wreSi axalgazrdebi da 

xandazmulebi mudmiv netarebaSi imyofebodnen, Cumad saubrobdnen, 

qalwuli rom ar gamoeRviZebinaT. Mmec momicva maT- 

Tan erTad yofnis survilma. xalxi ambobda, rom mxolod saswauls 

SeeZlo Cemi am wreSi Seyvana.Mme neli nabijebiT vuaxlovdebodi 

sauflos, Cemi mzera mimarTuli iyo Sors, Semosili 

mtkice rwmeniT. gaRviZebamde wreSi aRmovCndi, mis siRrmeSi 

yvelaferi SesaniSnavad ismoda da wamierad vigrZeni 

114

maradiuli netareba. me davinaxe mosiyvarule Semwynarebeli 

mamaCemi, romelic tiriliT Semomexvia...’’ ase mTavrdeba Subertis 

,,sizmari’’ (Голдшмит 1962:248-249). rogorc Cans, ojaxidan 

wamosul kompozitors awuxebda codvili Svilis dabrunebis 

problema, rac misi Semoqmedebis mudmiv Temad iqca. 

Tavis drozeEes novela Subertis Zmam ferdinandma Sumanis 

TxovniT gamoaqveyna. ,,sizmari’’ Subertis Semoqmedebi- 

Ti moRvaweobis erTi mtkivneuli fragmentia. 

aqve ikveTeba misi konfliqturi damokidebuleba mamas- 

Tan, romelsac mTeli cxovreba gaurboda da amave dros misken 

iswrafvoda. mamasTan dabruneba, novalisis sityvebiT, 

ERvTiT nasurvebi gzaa Sinisaken. amitom ucnaurad ar unda 

mogveCvenos am TxzulebaSi maJor-minoruli tonalobebis 

ucabed mikrososkopul manZilebSi maTi monacvleobebi. 

SubertTan realoba warmodgenilia rogorc winamZRvari 

da misgan iqmneba iluzoruli suraTi. uZluri saimisod, 

rom daimorCilos realuri cxovreba, romantikosi Tavs Svelis 

sizmarTa saufloSi, mxatvruli fantaziis sferoSi gaqceviT; 

is emoneba am kerps, romelic man TviTonve gamougona 

sakuTar Tavs da amgvari gziT iyuCebs sevdas. romantikosebi 

swored jadosnurSi eZeben poezias da amitomac zRapruli 

Txzulebebic pasuxebobda maT miswrafebebs. novalisi werda: 

`yovelive poeturi amave dros zRprulic unda iyos, yovelive 

zRapruli-poeturi, idumali xibliT unda ukavSirdebodes 

erTmaneTs’’. romantizmis, zRaprulobis, fantastikir 

ideebis ganxorcielebisaTvis Suberti did mniSvnelobas 

aniWebs jadosnur instruments — ,,fleitas’’, romelic SesaniSnavad 

ukeTebs Subertis Canafiqrs realizebas ( Голдшмит , 

1962:,184). 

am novelaSi aseve aRwerilia Subertis axlos misvla 

sikvdilis sauflosTan, mTeli arsebiT cnobierisa da zecnobieris 

CaRrmaveba sikvdilis saidumloSi. Qqalwulis 

RvTaebriv wreSi SesvliT mas surda gamoewvia Tavis TavSi 

iseTi sulieri procesi, romlis bunebrivi dagvirgvineba 

,,sikvdilis nakadulTan” misvla iqneboda. es survili wreSi 

moxvedrisa, mistikur eqstazamde maRldeba. gakvirvebas iwvevs 

sikvdilis pirispir mdgari Subertis sixaruli, magram 

sikvdili, misi azriT, karibWea sxva, uxilavi sicocxlisa, sa- 

115

dac gardacvlil adamians SeuZlia Zalze axlos mivides Tavis 

axlobelTan, sul mTlad axlos, icxovros masSi (romantikosebisTvis 

tipuri gancda). 

xiluli samyaros miRma netarebis molodini romantikosebis 

sayvareli Temaa. sxvaTaSoris, Subertis introduqcia 

da variaciebi, Txz. 160, pirdapir kavSirs amJRavnebs novalisis 

,,cisfer yvavilTan”, sadac Seyvarebuli gogona sartfos 

gamxmar yvavilebs Cuqnis da bednierebis gancdas aramiwier 

cxovrebaSi elodeba. Subertis variaciebis mTavari 

Temac, novalisis darad, ,,gamxmar yvavilebad” iwodeba. romantikosebTan 

yvavili saidumlo ganZia, sizmari ki Tavisuflebis 

simbolo, romlis saSualebiTac dafarul WeSmaritebas 

SeiZleba Caswvde. 

exla SevecadoT, aRniSnuli novela davukavSiroT Cven- 

Tvis saintero nawarmoebs. Subertis novela ,,sizmari’’ aris 

zRapar-igavi, agebuli ara logikur-racionaluri kanonebiT, 

aramed sizmris logikiT. aqedan gamomdinare, kompozitorma 

CanafiqrisaTvis SemTxveviT ar gamoiyena variaciuli 

forma, es sakompozicio xerxi mas saSualebas aZlevda Tavisufali 

gancda mkafiod gamoexata. ufro zustad, nawarmoebis 

saTauridan gamomdinare, erTi da igive Temis sxvadasxvagari 

mistikuri interpretacia mieca. 

introduqcia iwyeba bedisweris TemiT, es nacadi xerxia 

beThovenTan, is saidumloebiTaa moculi da bolo variaciamde 

sruli saxiT ar Cans. mTavari Temis melodiuri agebuleba, 

romelic dawerialia mTeli da naxevriani bgerebis xangrZlivobiT, 

tonaloba-CrdiloeTis sauflo, aseve civi registri, 

romelic Ramis asociacias qmnis, aqve Cndeba ltolvisa 

da Semdeg molodinis SegrZneba. aRmosavluri koloritis 

matarebeli fraza, migvaniSnebs gazafxulis mosvlas da 

SeiZleba misnobis momentic davinaxoT. Sesavals mosdevs 

mTavari Tema ,,damWknari yvavilebis’’ saxelwodebiT, rasac 

mosdevs sapirispiro xasiaTis melodia. aq icvleba metroritmi, 

3/8-ze gadadis, rac raRac cvlilebis momaswavebelia. 

SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom gadavida aramiwier saufloSi, amovida 

qvesknelidan da gaxda `me”.Gaixsna saidumlo gza da gardasaxva 

ganxorcielda. meSvide — individis garindebuli koncentrirebuli 

,,me’’-dan `Cven’’-sken, radgan mxolod Zlier pi- 

116

ovnebas SeuZlia daamyaros namdvili kavSiri sxvasTan, mxolod 

man icis erTobis namdvili fasi. 

zemoTqmulis realizebisTvis kompozitorma gamoiyena 

manamde arsebuli variaciuli forma, romelic aseve xazs usvams 

kompozitoris survils. erTma Temam Tavisi mravali gameorebiT 

undo SeZlos gaiaros evoluciuri gza, Tavisi warmoudgenlad 

rTuli dramaturgiuli xaziT. yovelTvis unda 

davukvirdeT, Tu ra formiT axerxebs kompozitori Sinaarsi 

gadmocemas. am kuTxiT saintereso informacias gvawvdis asafievi 

zemoTqmulis realizebisTvis. kompozitorma gamoiyena 

manamde arsebuli variaciuli forma, romelic aseve xazs 

usvams kompozitoris survils: erTma Temam Tavisi mravali 

gameorebiT undo SeZlos gaiaros evoluciuri gza, Tavisi 

warmoudgenlad rTuli dramaturgiuli xaziT. yovelTvis 

unda daukvirdeT, Tu ra formiT axerxebs kompozitori Sinaarsi 

gadmocemas. Aam kuTxiT saintereso informacias gvawvdis 

asafievi: ,,musikaluri forma aris aseve procesi (gaformeba), 

aseve misi Sedegi: sinTezi bgeraTa dapirispirebisa 

da dakavSirebisa... musikaluri gaformeba misi kanonzomierebiT 

da Tavisi logikiT. Cven Tavisuflad da garkveviT 

vgrZnobT musikas da amasTan erTad, arasdros vufiqrdebiT, 

rom Cveni fsiqika wesrigdeba musikaluri wesrigis meSveobiT 

da, rom procesi organizirebulobis aris sxva araferi, 

Tu ara musikaluri forma, anu musika, ganviTerebuli rogorc 

moZraoba, sadac yoveli momenti dakavSirebulia SemdegTan 

da winamorbedTan, sadac mTlianoba sawinaaRmdego 

da saerTo Sefardebis gagebis gziT warmoiSoba. maSasadame 

forma-daSenebis. Fforma-sazRvris da sqemebi sxvadasva saxis 

musikisa yovelTvis meoradi movlenebia. es aris formirebis 

procesis Sedegi. Yformis saSemsruleblo kuTxiT aTviseba 

Semdegnairad aris SesaZlebeli: yvelaze metad produqtiuli 

iqneba maSin Tuki am or mimarTulebas gavaerTianebT da 

mivaRwevT maT organul urTierTkavSirs’’ (Малинковская 

1990:180). 

formasTan erTad, kompozitori am ideis realizebis- 

Tvis Zalian anviTarebs harmoniul xazs. harmonia TamaSobs 

magiis rols, harmoniis bgera aris magiuri bgera. klasikur 

xanaSi melodia iyo zedapiri ,,formis gansazRvruli kontu- 

117

ebi’’, xolo harmonia ki misi aRmvsebi sxeulis rolSi gamodioda. 

romantikosTa periodSi melodia TamaSobs harmoniis 

Sinagani procesebis talRebis moZraobis rols. am dros xdeba 

,,melodiis warmoqmna harmoniidan’’. Kklasikosebs hqondaT 

harmonizirebuli melodika, romantikosebs ki piriqiT — melodizirebuli 

harmonia. am yvelafris realuri sazrisi, paul 

bekeris TqmiT, aris is, rom `romantika gaurboda realur 

sinamdviles da cvlida mas irealobiT, harmoniis sivrcis magiuri 

fantastikiT.” (CiCerini 1994: 183) 

melodiis da harmoniuli fonis erTobliobaSi aris 

Caqsovili zemoT naxsenebi azri, romelic Tavisufal wyoba- 

Sia mocemuli, deharmonizirebuli melodikiT, sadac grZnobis 

yvela mamoZravebeli Zalis proeqcia polifoniuri mravalferovnebis 

TanaxmierebaSi erTian, saerTo xazad aris 

mocemuli. individualizebuli melodiuri Caketiloba da 

sivrcis harmoniuli gancda — erT mTlian suraTad aris Sekruli. 

Suberts saidumlo gzasTan miaxloebis erT-erTi saSualebad, 

rogorc misi Semoqmedebidan Cans — polifoniuri 

musikis efeqturad gamoyeneba miaCnda, rac saintereso muzicirebisaTvis 

iyo aucilebeli formiT saWiro. literSeidi 

wers: ,,homofoniuri musika Signidan gareT asxivebs, is iTvaliswinebs 

msmenelebs, romlebic pasiurad emorCilebian mis 

zemoqmedebas. polifoniuri musika asxivebs Tavisive wiaRSi, 

misTvis msmeneli meore planzea. is iTxovs gacilebiT ufro 

met aqtiurobas da Tanamonawileobas, ris gareSec polifonia 

sworad ar aRiqmeba. misi momxibvleloba imaSi ki ar aris, 

rom bolos da bolos, metnaklebad SesZras adamiani, aramed 

imaSi, rom ufro aqtiuri gaxados igi, Tavad SeaZlebinos muzicireba, 

misces mas damoukidebeli xma, romelic iSva musikaluri 

mTlianobidan, aqvs Tavisi sakuTari sicocxle da 

mkafio ukukavSiri sxva xmebTan, romlebic masTan erTad erT 

mTlianobas qmnian. mxolod Tanamonawileoba xdis SesaZlebels 

SigniT mimarTuli polifoniuri musikis swor aRqmasa 

da mosmenas” (CiCerini 1994: 190). 

am TxzulebaSi aucilebelad xazgasasmelia monawile 

instrumentebis Semadgenloba (fortepiano, fleita) fortepiano-orkestri 

da fleita-solo. SeiZleba vivaraudoT 

118

fleitis SesaZleblobebidan gamomdinare, rom am instruments 

jadosnuris mistifikaciis roli eniWeba. vfiqrobT 

siuJeturi da biografiuli msgavsebebis gamo Subertis es 

nawarmoebi Zalian axlo kavSirSia mocartis ,,jadosnur 

fleitasTan’’ da saeraTod ar gamovricxavT, rom misi gavleniT 

aris STagonebuli Suberti. ,,eWvi ar aris, rom dadga 

dro mocartis aRorZinebisa, metic — Cven sabolood Sepyrobili 

varT mocartiT’’ (CiCerini 1994:108) — ambobs Subertze 

wignis avtori feliqs giunteri. es ,,jadosnuri’’ sakravi mas 

saSualebas aZlevs ganaxorcielos Tavisi idea. Ffortepiano 

temperirebuli wyobis miuxedavad bgeraTa simaRlis etalons 

warmoadgens, amis dasturia is, rom is aris brwyinvale 

solisti, iseve rogorc warmoadgens ansamblur muzicirebisas 

mTavar personaJs. neihauzi ambobs: ,,roiali aris yvelaze 

saukeTeso msaxiobi instrumentebs Soris. es aris erToblioba 

gansxvavevebis. imitom, rom fortepiano…Yyvelaze 

ufro 

metad aris inteleqtualuri instrumenti da ar axasiaTebs 

mgrZnobelobis ,,nayofi’’ sxva instrumentebis darad, amitom 

srulad dasaSvebia amocnoba yvela misi mdidari SesaZleblobebisa 

da, rom Semsruleblis warmosaxvaSi ufro metad 

unda cxovrobdes mgrZnobiare da konkretuli bgerebis saxeebi, 

yvela realuri mravalsaxeobrivi tembrebiT da saRebavebiT, 

bgeraSi gardasaxviT ganxorcielebuli, rogorc adamianis, 

aseve bunebaSi arsebuli yvela instrumentis xma” 

(Малинковская 1990:157). amasTan, didi mniSvneloba eniWeba 

sxvadasxva iluzorul aRqmas, romlebic nayofierad Sedian 

urTierTdamokodebulebaSi intonirebis realur faqtoreb- 

Tan. Ffeinbergi migvaniSnebs: ,,eWvs ar iwvevs is, rom mxatvruli 

realizmis meTodi safortepiano interpretaciis xelovnebaSi. 

mxatvruli formebs mravali iluzoruli saSualeba 

gaaCnia, romelic aranakleb mniSvnelovania da aRqmisaTvis 

realurad arsebiTia, vidre fizikuri saSualebebiT, rac 

mecnieruli analiziT SesaZlebelia. Tu fortepianis JReradoba 

CvenSi ar gamoiwvevs gamdidrebul, gaRramavebul da 

,,iluzorul’’ bgeriT warmosaxvebs, Tu ki is Cvens warmosaxvaze 

ar apelirebs, maSin Cvens warmosaxvaSi pianisti yovel- 

Tvis SeboWili iqneboda dasartyami meqanizmis arasrulfasovani 

saSualebebis gamo da umdidresi safortepiano lite- 

119

atura mxolod calmxrivi mimarTulebiT upiratesobas mianiWebda 

dekoratiul efeqtebs’’ (Малинковская 1990:158). 

interpretatoris problemebi gadaWrilia im SemTxvevaSi, 

rac ufro bevri informaciuli maragi aqvs nawarmoebis 

avtoris sulis siRrmiseuli procesebisa da sakompozicio 

enis Sesaxeb, rac mudmivi procesia. Tu survili aqvs sxvebisagan 

gansxvavebuli, ganumeorebeli iyos, riTac moxiblavs 

samyaros. sakuTari gzis povnis da am gzis gavlis survili 

mas pirovnebad aqcevs. amqveynad movlenili adamianis arseboba 

Ziebis mudmivi surviliT aris gamarTlebuli. WeSmaritebis 

migneba ar aris advili, es garkveulwilad msxverplSewirvacaa, 

Tumca cxovrebis ganumeorebeli sailamazis Sesacnobad 

gardauvali gzaa. 

,,profesionalizmi’’ — ,,konkretuli da zogadi cnebaa. 

mas ori mxare aqvs: pirveli — is aris srulyofileba, meore 

ki — individualuroba.’’ es azri miekuTvneba gia yanCels, romelic 

radio ,,muzaSi’’ mivismine. vfiqrobT, rom is Zalian 

zustad ganmartavs am termins. Cveni azriT, individualuroba 

yoveli xelovanisaTvis aris Zalzed mniSvnelovani da faseuli. 

da bolos, minda gavimeoro eliso virsalaZis pasuxi 

,,kiTxvaze, Tu rogor icvleba misi damokidebuleba kompozitorebisadmi, 

romlebsac is asrulebs, — gipasuxebT: ,,kerpebi 

kerpebad rCebian, Cemi maTdami damokidebuleba ar icvleba, 

maTi damokidebuleba icvleba Cemdami’’ (qavTaraZe, 1997:5). 

120 


1. naTaZe r., fsiqologiis mokle kursi, Tb., 1989 

2. qavTaraZe n., ,,talanti=emociuroba=inteleqti-teqnika’’ 

Tb., 1997 

3. CiCerini g., mocarti, ,,ianusi’’, Tb., 1994 

4. Голдшмит Г., Франц Шуберт. М., ,, Музыка’’, 1962 

5. Малинковская А., Фортепиано-исполнителъское интонирование, 

М., ,,Музыка’’, 1990

Khatuna Ninidze 

Problems of Interpretation on the Example of France Schubert’s 

Creative Work 

(Introduction and Variations for Flute and Fortepiano 

Composition 160) 

Summary 

Performance art has two branches, it is either composer’s coauthor or 

it is mechanical constructor of reproduction in the note writing of existed 

technique. Between these boundaries there are lots of features and still there 

are two kinds of class pianists: the first one who can hear and feel music by 

internal hearing, intone them internally until they perform them as they can 

hear internally; (under finger or in the orchestra); others learn compositions 

by eyes, analyze their construction and hear only by the time when it sounds 

in the sounds or instruments. The first ones know what they will hear and 

the others always predict. 

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122 

natalia oragveliZe 

aleqsi maWavarianis vokaluri lirika da sami 

romansis saSemsruleblo analizi 

aleqsi maWavariani SemoqmedebiT asparezze gamovida XX 

saukunis 30-iani wlebis dasasruls, maSin, roca qarTuli 

profesiuli musikis intensiuri zrda-ganviTareba mimdinareobda. 

maWavarianma mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana qarTuli 

musikis formirebaSi, Tavisi gabeduli sityva Tqva erovnuli 

profesiuli musikis ganviTarebaSi. profesiuli musikisa, 

romelic XIX-XX saukunis mijnaze Caisaxa da didi gza ganvlo 

aristokratiuli salonebidan, klasikuri periodis gavliT 

— Tanamedrove musikalur xelovnebamde. 

aleqsi maWavarianis talanti SemoqmedebiT asparezze 

gamosvlis pirvelive dRidan mravalmxriv gaiSala. tradiciuli 

formebi man Tanamedrove musikis miRwevebiT gaamdidra, 

riTac mravalferovneba Semata qarTul profesiul musikas. 

am ori umniSvnelovanesi faqtoris — erovnulisa da zogadkacobriulis 

sinTezSi mdgomareobs maWavarianis Zala da 

Rirseba. 

kompozitoris mxatvruli interesebi ar ifargleba 

romelime erTi JanriT. Semoqmedebis manZilze igi musikaluri 

xelovnebis mraval Janrs Seexo — safortepianos, kamerul-instrumentuls, 

simfoniurs, saoperos, sabaletos da 

saromanso lirikas. aRsaniSnavia, rom man yvela JanrSi Seqmna 

rigi margalitebisa, romelTac erTi xazi — kompozitoris 

SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis novatoroba da didi mxatvruli 

SemarTeba aerTianebs. 

aleqsi maWavariani, rogorc aRiniSna, mravali maRalmxatvruli 

nawarmoebis avtoria, romelTagan gansakuTrebuli 

aRniSvnis Rirsia baleti “otelo”, romelmac maRali Sefaseba 

daimsaxura rogorc CvenSi, ise ucxoeTSi. am baletisaTvis 

kompozitori milanis braidenzes xelovnebis galereis 

oqros medliT daajildoves. saintereso nawarmoebebi 

Seqmna man instrumentuli da vokaluri musikis JanrebSic. 

amaze is faqti metyvelebs, rom saviolino koncertisaTvis

kompozitors saxelmwifo premia mieniWa, xolo vokalursimfoniuri 

ciklis — ”xuTi monologisaTvis”, — rusTavelis 

saxelobis premia. a. maWavarianis kalams ekuTvnis qarTuli 

romansis klasikuri nimuSebi: “cisa fers”, “ar daidardo, dedao”, 

“sxivo, mzeTa mzis saxeo” da sxv. arsebobs am romansebis 

saviolino variantebic. 

Tavisi saukeTeso qmnilebebiT a. maWavarianma samar- 

Tlianad daimkvidra Rirseuli adgili qarTul musikaSi. misi 

Semoqmedebis saukeTeso mxareebia: emociuroba, cxoveli 

temperamenti, poeturi sinatife da romantikuloba. kompozitoris 

Semoqmedebis mTavari niSania melodiuri gamomsaxveloba, 

ritmo-intonaciuri simaxvile, daxvewili lirika, 

mZafri dramatizmi, musikaluri azris dinebis intensiuroba, 

musikalur saxeTa simkveTre. kompozitors Tavidanve dahyva 

metad Taviseburi, Rrmad individualuri musikaluri metyveleba, 

romelic mis SemoqmedebiT pirovnebas mkafiod gamohyofs 

Tanamedrove qarTuli musikis mravalferovan fonze. 

kompozitori Taviseburad aRiqvams rogorc qarTuli 

xalxuri mravalxmianobis bunebas, ise Tanamedrove musikis 

siaxleebs. didi ostatobiT gardaqmnis maT da axleburad 

ametyvelebulT warmogvidgens. amis dasturia misi Semoqmedebis 

mudmivi saxecvla, intonaciuri samyaros mudmivi ganaxleba. 

aleqsi maWavarianis SemoqmedebaSi ar vxvdebiT xalxuri 

Temebis citirebis nimuSebs. misTvis xalxuri masala uaRresad 

bunebrivia da originaluri. xalxuroba maWavarianis- 

Tvis sakuTarisa da zogadis, anu originalurisa da xalxuris 

Serwymaa. amitom misi Semoqmedeba zogadqarTuli metyvelebis 

ganumeorebeli nimuSia. misi nawarmoebebi xalxuri saxeebiTa 

da riTmo-intonaciebiT aris STagonebuli. kompozitori 

Tanamedrove garemos wiaRSi hpovebs sakuTari fantaziis 

gamoZaxils. amave dros, igi xalxur wyaroebSi mravalmxrivi 

wvdomis nimuSebs gviCvenebs. 

a. maWavarianis vokaluri lirikis ganxilvisas naTlad 

ikveTeba misTvis damaxasiaTebeli zogadi Tvisebebi: vokaluri 

partiis mReradoba da gamomsaxveloba, melodiuri siuxve, 

emociuroba, gulwrfeloba, cecxlovaneba, uSualoba, po- 

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eturi teqstis Rrma musikaluri gaxsna, bunebrioba, formis 

moxdeniloba, dramaturgiuli mTlianoba, Tanadrouloba. 

kompozitoris vokalur kompoziciaTa Tematika sakmaod 

mravalferovania. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom siaxlis, Tanamedroveobis 

maxvili da mZafri SegrZnebis miuxedavad, a. 

maWavarianis SemoqmedebiTi pozicia, esTetikuri sayrdeni — 

ucvleli darCa. cvalebadobas, ganviTarebas ganicdida mxolod 

SemoqmedebiTi Ziebis niSniT aRbeWdili gamomsaxveli 

xerxebi. swored amaSia misi xelovnebis saidumloeba, amaSia 

WeSmariti Semoqmedi xelovnebis Zala da Tavisebureba. a. ma- 

Wavarianis vokaluri lirika mravalferovania. igi moicavs 

romansebsa da simRerebs, baladebs, monologebs, sagundo 

qmnilebebs. 

misi romansebi Tavisuflad SeiZleba miviCnioT erovnuli 

vokaluri lirikis klasikur nimuSebad (“cisa fers”, 

“sxivo, mzeTa mzis saxeo”, “ar daidardo, dedao”, “Sen saqar- 

Tvelos dedofloba dagSvendeboda”). igive iTqmis Tanamedrove 

musikaluri azrovnebisa da mTis kilos TaviseburebaTa 

sinTezis gziT aRmocenebul nawarmoebebze (“mxedars”, “dabnelda 

suli”, “elegia”), agreTve lirikul-dramatuli xasia- 

Tis simRera-romansebze: “gaxsovs turfav” speqtaklidan 

“glaxis naambobi”. 

Cemi interesis sferos warmoadgens a. maWavarianis sami 

romansis saSemsruleblo interpretaciis sakiTxi. esenia: 

“dabnelda suli” — teqsti i. WavWavaZis, “doqiT Rvino” — teqsti 

r. bernsis da “balada masxaraze” Seqspiris “mefe liridan”. 

i. WavWavaZis leqsi “dabnelda suli” gadmogvcems adamianis 

sulier gancdas, romelic moicva sicivem, sibnelem da 

sicarielem, magram miuxedvad misi winaaRmdegobisa, igi amayad 

marcxdeba borotebasTan uTanasworo brZolaSi. am leqsis 

gasaxmovaneblad a. maWavarianma mimarTa samnawilian 

formas (arasruli repriziT). 

romansi poliharmoniul nawarmoebTa ricxvs miekuTvneba. 

igi iwyeba aTtaqtiani preludiiT, romelic momRerals 

uqmnis sivrces CaRrmavebisaTvis. am ganwyobis gamosaxatavad 

kompozitorma gamoiyena pedaluri toni “do”-ze, 

romlis gamWoli JReradoba gmiris sulier tkivilTan aso- 

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cirdeba da amave dros, romansis formis Semkvrel faqtiur 

elementadac gvevlineba. nawarmoebs ar gaaCnia tradiciulad 

gacnobierebuli kilo da tonaloba. 

mis tonalur centrad bgera “do” warmogvidgeba. gmiris 

sulieri tkivilis kidev ufro gasamZafreblad maWavariani 

iyenebs monoakords, romelic pedalur tonTan erTad 

vertikalSi disonans warmoqmnis (rac gamowveulia monoakordSi 

klasterisa da Semcirebuli kvintis arsebobiT). 

mesame faqturul elements warmoadgens ocdameTormetedebiT 

agebuli riTmuli intonacia, romelic gmiris Sinagan 

godebas SeiZleba SevadaroT. 

SemsruleblebisaTvis yvelaze did sirTuled SeiZleba 

CaiTvalos mTeli romansis ganmavlobaSi fonad pedaluri 

toni “do”-s uwyvetad, Sinagani energetikuli muxtiT gatareba, 

rac maTgan did nebisyofasa da koncentracias moiTxovs. 

romansis preludiis dawyebisTanave, TanxlebaSi pirvelive 

tonaluri centris bgera “do”-ze kompozitori migvaniSnebs 

sf (sforcandoze), rac niSnavs bgeris mkveTrad aRebisTanave 

akompaniatoris mier smenadobis mobilizebas da 

mervedebiT pulsirebuli bgera “do”-s obertonul mosmenas. 

koncertmaisteri afiqsirebs ra vertikalSi pedalur 

tonTan erTad klasterian disonansur monoakords, gaatarebs 

ra obertonulad da registrulad bgera ges, isev Semcirebuli 

kvintis mosmena-gatarebiT miiltvis tonaluri 

centri “do”-sken, TiTqos bgeriTi talRis mona unda gaxdes. 

meeqvse taqtSi pedaluri toni gadadis Sua qargaSi, razec 

daSenebulia riTmuli suraTi ocdameTormetedebiT 

(godebis intonacia). pianistisaTvis, bgeris uwyveti JReradobis 

misaRwevad, mosaxerxeblad mimaCnia toni “do”-s marjvena 

xelidan marcxena xelSi gadatana. aseve sasurvelia mesame 

meoTxedze (Semcirebuli kvintis fonze) pedali Seicvalos. 

preludiaSi pianistma unda gaiTvaliswinos da moisminos 

kompozitoris mier fiqsirebuli kadansi, sadac pirvelad 

Cndeba terciuli wyobis da tonaluri centris damadasturebeli 

akordi. 

momRerals moeTxoveba pianistis mier Sesrulebuli 

preludiis mosmena-gaTaviseba da me-9, me-10 taqtebSi sun- 

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Tqvis aRebis Semdgom sityvebze: “dabnelda suli” SeumCnevlad 

Tanxlebis faqturul qargaSi Serwyma, rasac ganapirobebs 

bgera “do”, romliTac iwyeba vokaluri xazi da amave 

dros Tanxlebis pedaluri tonis gamgrZelebladac gvevlineba. 

romansis pirvel kupletSi (I nawili), sityvebze: “axla 

Cems gulSi aRar maqvs sazrdo...” vokaluri xazis aRmavali 

svla migvaniSnebs kulminaciaze da TanxlebaSi ff—s fonze 

kompozitori zeda xmaSi atarebs bgerebs: d, c, des, h, romlebic 

vokaluri partiisaTvis unisonur bgerebs warmoadgenen, 

rac momRerlisaTvis tonis dasaWerad sayrden wertilebad 

SeiZleba CaiTvalos. amis gamo akompaniators moeTxoveba am 

bgeris meti gmomsaxvelobiT aJRereba. 

romansis meore kupleti ( II nawili) warmoadgens gavrcobil 

formas. misi gayofa pirobiTad or nawiladac SeiZleba. 

kompozitori Segnebulad cvlis metro-riTms: 3/4¾-s 

anacvlebs 2/4-iT, rac leqsis Sinaarsidan gamomdinareobs. 

magaliTisaTvis sawyisi sityvebi: “didxans vebrZodi simdables, 

mtrobas...” da a.S. teqstSi mocemuli zmna “vebrZodi” — 

ukve ganapirobebs gmiris moZraobas qmedebisaken. swored es 

qmedeba iwvevs musikaluri struqturis saxecvlilebasac. 

melodiisa da Tanxlebis substruqturebi miqsolidiurSia, 

pedaluri toni ,,Ddo” SenarCunebulia (mxolod duolis 

trioliT CanacvlebiT) da fonad gamoyenebulia kvinta 

as-es (rogorc saorRano punqti). TanxlebaSi 30, 31, 32-e taqtebSi 

ori motivi kontrapunqtSia aJRerebuli: d, es, f intonacia. 

1. marjvena xelSi — g, as, d, c, b, f. 

2. marcxena xelSi (triolebSi Caqsovili) — c, c, b, b, b, as 

(2-jer) icvleba vokaluri xazis ritmuli suraTic. akompaniators 

moeTxoveba yvela mocemuli substruqturis (vokalTan 

erTad) vertikalSi erTdroulad mosmena da intonireba, 

rac polifoniur azrovnebas moiTxovs. 

37-e taqtidan TanxlebaSi kvlav icvleba ritmuli suraTi 

da iwyeba svla kulminaciisaken sityvebze ,,ar momixria 

amayi Tavi...” kulminaciis mosamzadeblad da dasamuxtad faqturaSi 

Cndeba meTeqvsmetedi grZliobis bgerebi da Semcire- 

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uli f7, romelic wydeba c-Tvis VII7-Si. am ukanasknelTa monacvleobiT 

safuZvelze saboolod imuxteba c saorRano 

punqtis fonze Semcirebuli f7. rac Seexeba vokalur partias, 

igi aRmasvliT miedineba kulminaciuri wertilisaken. 

momRerlisaTvis pianistis mier aRebuli septakordi 

sayrden wertils warmoadgens tonis dasaWerad, rac gamowveulia 

akordis zeda xmisa da momRerlis sinkopaze dasmuli 

bgera es-is TanxvedriT. akompaniatoris movaleobaa Sinagani 

energetikuli muxtiT kulminaciisaken svlis momzadeba da 

saorRano kulminaciuri akordis savse JReradobiT dafiqsireba, 

romlis fonzec dinamikis SenarCunebiT vokalisti iwyebs 

daRmasvlas c-moll bgeraTa rigiT d-dan d-mde (sityvaze 

`mo-mi-xri-a” vokalur partiaSi gasaTvaliswinebelia kompozitoris 

mier dasmuli aqcentebic). 

46-49 taqtebSi musikaluri azri grZeldeba TanxlebaSi 

da pianisti TanxlebaSi agrZelebs momRerlis mier dawyebul 

daRmasvlas tonalobis SegrZnebiT (damatebuli h toniT) — c, 

h, b, as. me-2 nawilis pirveli muxlis bolo oTxi taqti amzadebs 

muxlis sawyis bgera `do”-s. 

pianisti agrZelebs pedaluri toni `do”-s obertonul 

mosmenas. meore muxlis sawyisi faqtura Zalin waagavs romansis 

I nawilis dasawyiss, magrm misgan gansxvavebiT vokaluri 

partia aRmasvliT mokle drois monakveTSi aRwevs ukve meore 

kulminaciur wertils sityvebze: `gvian Sevityve es cdomileba...” 

akompaniatori erTtaqtiani pauzis Semdeg tremoloTi 

iWreba faqturaSi da qveda xmaSi (banSi) amtkicebs d-ze saor- 

Rano punqts, romelzedac vertikalSi JRers melodiui intonaciebi 

meTeqvsmetedebiT da punqtiruli riTmiT da isev 

d-dan mervedi grZliobis poliakordi ziartoniT (as). 

TanxlebaSi riTmuli suraTis aseTi mravalferovneba 

momRerals exmareba gmiris sulieri mdgomareobis ukeT gadmocemaSi. 

miuxedavad ortaqtiani pauzisa, pianisti Sinagani 

smenis mobilizaciis saSualebiT momRerlis sityvebze: àrc 

mecineba, arc metireba!” — avsebs mocemul sicarieles, xolo 

Semdgom, zustad marcvalze `ti” — Zlier dinamikur talRaze 

afiqsirebs saorRano banze agebul araeraTgvarovan po- 

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liakords ff-ze. 

orive Semsrulebeli reprizis dawyebamde (65 taqtSi) 

fermatoze bgera `do”-s JReradobis fonze rCeba. romansis 

es monakveTi pianistisagan moiTxovs zusti drois gansaz- 

Rvras, romelic unda gamomdinareobdes fermatoze darCenili 

`do”-s obertonis mimqrali JReradobidan. swored es momenti 

ganapirobebs TanxlebaSi romansis dawyebas SeumCnevlad 

isev `do”-s obertonidan ppp-ze. daskvniTi nawili arasrulia 

(I kupletis erTi striqoni). kompozitori gmirs abrunebs 

sawyis, uimedo mdgomareobaSi. reprizis Tanxlebis substruqturebi 

I nawilis identuria. miuxedavad romansis meryevi 

da aramdgradi xasiaTisa, bolo oTx TaqtSi xdeba do minoruli 

tonalobis SegrZnebis ganmtkiceba da sabolood 

preludiis me-2 taqtSi gaJRerebuli substruqturis (b, des) 

terciis kidev erTxel gaelveba, xolo Semdeg qveda registrSi 

(ges,b), ris Semdegac JRers mimqrali do minoruli 

akordi, rac gmiris sulier uimedobas kidev ufro metad usvams 

xazs. 

romansi `doqiT Rvino” — teqsti r. bernsisa, optimisturi 

ganwyobisaa. leqsi umReris megobrobas, mouwodebs 

adamianebs qmedebisaken bed-iRbalis saZebnelad. xasiaTidan 

gamomdinare, zomebis siuxviT gamoirCeva. dawerilia samnawilian 

formaSi (preludiiT, interludiebiT da arasruli 

repriziT). pirveli da meore kupletebi (I da II nawilebi) aRnagobiT 

identuria, mxolod reprizaSi kompozitori aJRerebs 

pirveli kupletidan erT striqons. Tanxlebis faqtura 

erTgvarovania, romelic gaJRerebulia: 

1) ritmul-ostinaturi bgeriTi kompleqsebiT; 

2) cvalebadi metriTa da 

3) Zlier droze aqcentebis fiqsaciiT. 

1) — warmoadgens romansis formis gamaerTianebel masalis 

birTvs; 

2) — exmareba leqsis xasiaTis dinamitur gadmocemas; 

3) — SemsruleblisaTvis riTmul sayrdenebs warmoadgens, 

rac xels uwyobs musikaluri azris gamTlianebas. 

tonaluri aRnagobiT, romansi miekuTvneba poliharmo- 

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niul nawarmoebTa ricxvs, xolo zomebis cvalebadobiT exmaureba 

XX saukunis dasawyisisaTvis Camoyalibebul primitivizms 

musikaSi. struqturulad paralelis gavleba SeiZleba 

bartokis ,,alegro barbarosTan”.' 

romansi iwyeba preludiiT, romelic 16 taqtisagan Sedgeba. 

pirveli taqtebidanve aRiniSneba metris cvalebadoba 

3/8, 2/4, yvela Zlier droze dafiqsirebulia aqcentebi. akompaniatorma, 

sasurvelia kompozitoris mier miTiTebuli aRniSvnebi 

absolituri sizustiT Seasrulos da preludiis 

sawyisi taqtebidanve (f-ze) Sinagani riTmuli organizebiT 

faqtura motorikaSi gadaiyvanos. preludiis me-5 taqtSi pianisti 

Sinagani smeniT, warmosaxviT agrZelebs Sewyvetil 

ritmul intonacias, raTa ar daasustos saerTo dinamikuri 

xazi. akompaniatoris mier ritmuli sizustiT dakruli preludia, 

momRerlis vokaluri xazis dawyebamde SesaZleblobas 

aZlevs Sinaganad riTmis gaTaviseba-mobilizebaSi da amave 

dros igi leqsis xalisian ganwyobaSic Sehyavs. 

preludiis bolos erTi taqtiT adre vokaluri xazis 

dawyebamde kompozitori mkveTrad aCerebs riTmul moZraobas. 

orive Semsrulebeli dgeba erTdroulad dawyebis sir- 

Tulis winaSe. am amocanis Sesasruleblad sakmarisia orivem 

ar SeaCeros smeniT warmosaxvaSi intonaciis ritmuli sura- 

Tis moZraoba, rac TanxvedrisaTvis SeiZleba saukeTeso orientirad 

CaiTvalos. 

I kupletSi (I nawili), yvelgan, sadac vokalur partiaSi 

bgera Sekavebulia, kompozitori TanxlebaSi uwyveti dinamikis 

misaRwevad yovel taqtSi cvlis zomas 2/4, 5/8, 3/8, rac 

Semsruleblebs riTmuli intonaciis moZravi nakadis Senar- 

CunebaSi exmareba. 

I da II kupletis bolos musikaluri azris gasamtkiceblad 

kompozitori romansis klasikosebis mier damkvidrebul 

xerxs, kupletis bolo striqonis gameorebas mimarTavs. 

pirvelis bolos saqme gvaqvs kontrastis principTan: (-f-mp-) 

sityvebze: `vis ra oins ukeTebs”? xolo meorisa — mxolod fze, 

sityvebze: àr mova...”, rac gamowveulia musikaluri azris 

Semdgomi ganviTarebiT. 

I nawilisagan gansxvavebiT, II nawils agrZelebs inter- 

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ludia ff-ze, romelic azrobrivad I da II nawilebis SemaerTebel 

qsovilsac warmoadgens. interludia grZeldeba oTxi 

taqtis ganmavlobaSi 3/4-ze. akompaniatorma nawilebis musikaluri 

azris ukeT gamTlianebisaTvis, Sinagani smenadobis 

daZabviT, umjobesia mousminos bgera `cis”, rac vokaluri 

partiis II nawilis bolo da III nawilis sawyis tons warmoadgens. 

sasurvelia akompaniatorma 67-65 taqtebSi mocemuli 

disonansuri akordebi mosmenili da warmodgenili `cis” fonze 

gaataros, xolo 69-70 taqtebSi am ukanasknelis daJinebiT, 

gameorebiT, vokalistisaTvis sawyisi bgera `do diezi” 

moamzados. 

interludia SeuCerebliv gadadis III nawilSi, romelic 

romansisaTvis arasrul reprizas warmoadgens. (I kupletis 

mxolod pirveli striqonis gamoyenebiT). romansis damam- 

Tavrebel bolo or taqtSi kiTxviTi winadadebis gamosaxatavad, 

sityvebze: ,,ras inatrebs kaci amis ukeTess?“, kompozitorma 

kiTxviTi intonaciis gasaxmovaneblad gamoiyena qromatiuli 

svla cis, c da cvalebadi zoma, 5/8. romansis bolo 

oqtavaze do, kompozitori amtkicebs tonalur centrs 

(TiTqosda romansis damTavrebis misaniSneblad). 

Sesrulebisas, rogorc pianists, aseve vokalists, moeTxovebaT 

riTmuli intonaciis erTdrouli organizeba da 

yovelgvari Seyovnebisa da rubatoebis gareSe, azrobrivad 

romansis erT sunTqvaze Sesruleba. 

sasurvelia, vokalistma zedmiwevniT kargad Seiswavlos 

Tnxlebis partiis riTmuli struqtura, rac mas romansSi 

uxvad mocemuli pauzebis Sesrulebisas daexmareba drois 

zust gansazRvrasa da ganawilebaSi. 

,,balada masxaraze” — Seqspiris ,,mefe liridan” — baladaSi 

mefe liris erTguli megobari masxara savsea ironiiT 

da dascinis im ,,brZen“ adamianebs, romlebic Tavisi ambiciuri 

cxovrebis wesis gamo TviTonve emsgavsebian masxarebs, maimunebsa 

da pampulebs. 

romansi patara skercozul miniaturas mogvagonebs. 

faqtura sada da gamWvirvalea. TanxlebaSi kompozitori masxaras 

mervedi grZliobis wyvetili ostinaturi subakordebiT 

axasiaTebs. wina ori romansisagan gansxvavebiT, igi dawe- 

130

ilia tradiciulad D-dur tonalobaSi da warmoadgens sam 

nawilian formas arasruli repriziT (pirveli kupletis 

striqonis gameorebiT). nawarmoebi poliharmoniulia, mis- 

Tvis damaxasiaTebeli substruqturebiT. preludia Sedgeba 

5 taqtisagan. 

preludiis I, II taqtebSi kompozitorma masxaras mxatvruli 

saxis dasaxasiaTeblad gamoiyena riTmuli intonacia 

(disonansuri JReradobis trioli), romelic Sedgeba Semcirebuli 

tonebisagan jer a-dan, Semdeg gis-dan, rac Tavisi 

xmovanebiT groteskuli xasiaTisaa. Tu akompaniatori kompozitoris 

mier miniSnebul Strixebsa da dinamikas (aqcenti, 

stokato, kreSCendo) zedmiwevniT zustad Seasrulebs, faqturaSi 

zustad gamoikveTeba masxaras saxis intonacia. I, II 

taqtebs mosdevs erTtaqtiani pauza, romelic pianistma umjobesia 

wina taqtebSi mocemuli riTmuli intonaciis smeni- 

Ti warmosaxviT Seavsos. 

preludiis bolo ori taqti Sedgeba mervedi grZliobis 

wyvetili poliakordebisagan (ziartonebiT d, c), romelic 

mTeli romansis ganmavlobaSi Tanxlebis uwyvet ostinatur 

jaWvs warmoadgens da romansis erT-erT faqturul 

elementadac gvevlineba. TanxlebaSi gaJRerebuli zeda xma 

da vokaluri xazis pirveli toni emTxveva erTmaneTs, rac 

momRerals exmareba sawyisi tonis moZebnasa da gamyarebaSi. 

vokaluri xazis dawyebisTanave, akompaniatorma mTeli 

yuradReba unda gadaitanos momRerlis mier dasmul azrobriv 

aqcentebze, intonirebaze, diqciaze, merved pauzebze 

(riTac vokaluri partia uxvad aris gajerebuli), rac mokle 

sunTqvebis saSualebiT miiRweva. es yvelaferi pianistisagan 

moiTxovs maqsimalur mobilizebas, raTa xasiaTobrivad 

droulad Seerwyas momRerlis mier aRebul yvela mokle 

sunTqvasa da mis mier warmoTqmul sityvier marcvlebs. magaliTisaTvis, 

Tanxlebis me-15 taqtSi, vokalur partiaSi marcvlis 

,,Zne” kulminaciuri monakveTis ufro metad datvir- 

TvisaTvis, TanxlebaSi Sevsebulia gabmuli treliT “Wkva 

rom Zneli mosavleli gauxdaT.” 

II nawili SeiZleba CaiTvalos romansis kulminaciad, sadac 

gadamwyvet momentSi fff-ze vokalur partiaSi Cndeba si- 

131

cilis intonacia (“xa, xa, xa, xa...”), romelic daRmavali gamiT 

diminuendoze brundeba d moll-Si. swored mis logikur gagrZelebas 

warmoadgens TanxlebaSi daRmasvliT gagrZelebuli 

svla. 

II nawilis TanxlebaSi, kulminaciisaken mimavali svlis 

fonad JRers Sekavebuli saorRano akordi, romlis dinamika 

izrdeba fff-mde (sicilis intonaciamde). sasurvelia pianistma 

yuradRebiT mousminos momRerlis mier Sesrulebuli 

kreSCendos dinamikur ganawilebas da misgan gamomdinare 

JReradobiT TandaTanobiT gazardos Sekavebuli saorRano 

akordis obertonuli JReradoba, xolo vokaluri xazis 

daRmasvlisas Sinagani smeniT gaimReros es svla da 33, 34-e 

taqtebSi pp-ze gaagrZelos dakvra JReradobis TandaTanobiT 

gaqrobamde. 

mocemuli magaliTi warmoadgens interludias (svlakavSirs 

reprizisaken). struqturulad es ukanaskneli preludiis 

identuria, mxolod odnav saxeSecvlili saxiT. III nawili 

agebulia I nawilis musikalur masalaze. 

romansis damamTavrebeli bolo sami taqti (daRmavali 

erTdrouli svla Semsruleblebisa) maJorisa da pentatonikis 

elementebs Seicavs. erTdrouli svlis dros koncertmaisteri 

emorCileba vokalistis mier Sesrulebul dinamikas 

daRmasvlaze, romelic bgeris TandaTanobiTi qrobis meSveobiT 

gadaizrdeba siCumeSi (meoTxedi pauza), xolo akompaniatori 

agrZelebs ra am siCumes, Sinagani smenis mobilizebiT 

akustikaSi amTavrebs musikalur azrs qveda registrSi mimqrali 

d-s obertoniT, romelic akustikaSi TiTqos daumTavrebel 

intonacias warmoadgens da usasrulobaSi ifanteba. 

132 


1. Вершинин М., Алексей Мачавариани, всесоюзное издательство 

сов. композитор. М., 1962. 

2. Паласио- композитор и жизнь. сов. композитор М., 1980 

3. lomdariZe e., aleqsi maWavarianis sagundo da kamerulvokaluri 

Semoqmedeba, Tb., 1986.

NNatalia Oragvelidze 

Aleksi Machavariani’s Vocal-Lyric and Performance Analysis 

of His Three Romances 

Summary 

The work briefly presents the structure of Aleksi Machavariani’s 

Romances and thoroughly analyzes three of them. We can see obviously 

composer’s real nationality and perfect knowledge of Georgian folk 

music. 

133

134 

qeTevan razmaZe 

manuel de falias sakompozitoro xelweris 

Taviseburebebi da misi mniSvneloba espanur 

samusiko kulturaSi 

evropul samusiko kulturaSi erT-erTi gamorCeuli 

adgili ukavia espanur musikas. misi masazrdoebeli wyaroebi 

Soreul warsulSi iberielebis da keltebis xalxur musikaSi 

iRebs saTaves. igi Tanmimdevrul ganviTarebas ganicdis da 

maRal safexurs XIX-XX saukuneebis mijnaze aRwevs. espanuri 

profesiuli musikis brwyinvale warmomadgenelTa ricxvs 

isaak albenisTan erTad ganekuTvneba gamoCenili kompozitori, 

pianist-Semsrulebeli, diriJori da sazogado moRvawe 

manuel de falia. mis nawarmoebebSi mTeli sisruliT aRibeWda 

espanuri musikis saukeTeso Taviseburebebi, misi xasia- 

Ti, wyoba. ,,de falia aris espaneTis musikis dideba” — werda 

didi espaneli poeti federiko garsia lorka (Lorca 1965: 90). 

de falias SemoqmedebaSi espanurma musikalurma kulturam 

SeiZina zogaderovnuli mniSvneloba da miiRo klasikurad 

srulyofili saxe. amasTan,Mmis saukeTeso nawarmoebebs 

sapatio adgili aqvs damkvidrebuli msoflio xelovnebis saganZurSi. 

manuel de falias Semoqmedebis saxiT espanuri 

profesiuli musika pirvelad iZens msoflio rezonanss, 

msoflio aRiarebas da dgeba evropuli mowinave sakompozitoro 

skolaTa rigSi. misi musikaluri memkvidreoba warmoadgens 

rogorc espanuri, ise XX saukunis evropuli musikaluri 

kulturis erT-erT miRwevas.

Semoqmedebis daxasiaTeba 

~es iyo farTod erudirebuli musikosi, Tamamad da 

originalurad moazrovne Semoqmedi, keTilSobili adamiani 

da didi xelovani” — 

ase axasiaTebs kompozitors erT-erTi Tanamedrove 2 . 

manuel de falia TviTmyofadi kompozitoria. mas 

mkveTrad gamovlenili sakuTari SemoqmedebiTi ieri, mkafio 

individualurobiT gamorCeuli sakompozitoro xelwera 

aqvs. kompozitoris SemoqmedebiTi individualoba, upirveles 

yovlisa misi musikis erovnulobaSi, mkafiod gamoxatul 

espanur xasiaTSia. misi musika xotbas asxams samSoblos — espaneTs, 

mis didebas, mis xalxsa da xalxis musikalur genias. 

Tavis SemoqmedebaSi de faliam mravalmxrivad gamoxata espanuri 

xasiaTi, grZnobebi, temperamenti. kompozitori aRWurvili 

iyo daxvewili sakompozitoro teqnikiT, romelic saSualebas 

aZlevda zustad aRebeWda Canafiqri, mxatruli Sinaarsi. 

manuel de falias musikaluri ena mkveTrad gamoxatuli 

nacionaluri xasiaTisaa. warmomavlobiT andaluzieli 3 , 

igi SesaniSnavad icnobda espanur, kerZod andaluziur sayofacxovrebo 

da musikalur tradiciebs, erovnul sasimRero 

da sacekvao folklors. magram mis SemoqmedebaSi espanuri 

profesiuli musika Tavisufldeba viwro kuTxurobisgan, 

provinciuli SezRudulobisgan da iZens zogaderovnul Sinaarss; 

es aris ara andaluziuri, ara baskuri, an asturiuli 

2 Ю. Крейн – «Мануэль де Фалья» («Советская музыка» 1959 №5) 

3 manuel de falia daibada 1876w., bavSvoba gaatara andaluziis q. 

kadisSi. Tumca SemdgomSi — misi cxovreba da SemoqmedebiTi 

moRvaweoba daukavSirda madrids, barselonas, granadas. garkveuli 

periodi cxovrobda parizSic (1907-1914w.w), sicocxlis bolo wlebi 

ki frankos faSisturi reJimis periods emTxveva da 1939 wlidan 

miemgzavreba samSoblodan emigraciaSi — argentinaSi, sadac 1946 

wels, qalaq buenos airesSi, gardaicvala. 

135

musika, aramed zogadespanuri. amaSi mdgomareobs kompozitoris 

udidesi damsaxureba mSobliuri kulturis winaSe 4 . 

marTalia, manuel de falias nawarmoebebis TiToeuli 

taqti aSkarad espanuria — mis Semoqmedebas mkafiod gamoxatuli 

erovnuli musikaluri metyveleba axasiaTebs. amasTanave, 

de falias sakompozitoro xelwera Zalzed miseuli, individualuria. 

mis nawarmoebebs aqvs lakonuri, skulpturulad 

gamoZerwili forma. musikaluri azri ki yovelTvis SekumSulad, 

koncentrirebuladaa gadmocemuli. emociis la- 

Ri mgznebareba eqspresiulobasTan, grZnoba-gancdaTa did 

simdidresTan da emociuri palitris mravalferovnebasTan 

erTad, de faliaseuli musika TavSekavebulia, mkacri. gamoTqmis 

uSualoba ki Sexamebulia asketur sisadavesTan. 

reliefuri, Zalze gamomsaxvelia manuel de falias musikis 

intonaciur-Tematuri masala; uaRresad mdidari da 

mravalgvaria ritmuli naxazi, rac espanuri xalxuri musikis 

wiaRSi iRebs saTaves da aZlierebs musikis erovnul iersaxes; 

de falias musikas axasiaTebs tembruli palitris feradovneba, 

harmoniuli enis simdidre, modulaciaTa mravalferovneba. 

falias musikisTvis Zalze maxlobelia impresionistuli 

xelovnebis principebTan mWidro kavSiri. 5 impresionistul 

siaxloveze migviTiTebs tembrTa siuxve, kilo-harmoniis 

simdidre. amasTanave, arc ise iSviaTia politonaluri epizodebi, 

rac kompozitoris Semoqmedebas XX saukunis musikis 

tendenciebTanac aaxloebs. 

manuel de falias musikaluri memkvidreoba gamoirCeva 

maRalmxatvruli xarisxovnebiT, stiluri mTlianobiT. mar- 

Talia, misi nawarmoebebis CamonaTvali ar aris vrceli, magram 

igi Janrulad mravalferovania. TiToeuli nawarmoebi 

saetapoa kompozitoris SemoqmedebiT biografiaSi da TvalsaCino 

adgils ikavebs erovnuli sakompozitoro Semoqmede- 

4 kompozitoris damsaxureba imaSic mdgomareobs, rom man 

Camoayaliba erovnuli musikaluri formebi da Janrebi — sarsuela, 

xota. 

5 rac ganapiroba parizSi cxovrebis wlebSi klod debiusisTan, 

moris ravelTan da pol diukasTan megobrobam. 

136

is istoriaSi; saukeTeso nawils ki msoflio xelovnebis saganZurSi 

aqvs damkvidrebuli adgili. 

kompozitoris SemoqmedebiTma stilma, misma sakompozitoro 

individualobam mizanswrafuli ganviTareba ganicada. 

igi Zalze mkacri da momTxovni iyo sakuTari Tavis da 

Semoqmedebis mimarT, amitom xangZlivad, didi rudunebiT 

muSaobda TiToeul nawarmoebze, xvewda da srulyofda Ti- 

Toeul taqts. xSirad ubrundeboda da gadaamuSavebda xolme 

ukve dasrulebul Txzulebas. amitomaa, albaT, manuel de 

falias musikaluri memkvidreoba raodenobrivad mcirericxovani. 

6 

6 manuel de falias SemoqmedebiT kalams ekuTvnis Semdegi nawarmoebebi: 

operebi: 5 sarsuela — mus. komedia {1897-1904); ,,xanmokle sicocxle” 

(2aqt. 1905-1913), ,,maestro pedros balagani” — kameruli opera 

(1aqt. 1919-1922); 

baletebi: ,,siyvaruli-jadoqari” (1aqt. 1915), ,,korexidori, mewisqvile 

da mewisqvile qali” —,,samkuTxa qudi” iumoristuli scenebiT 

(1 aqt. 1917-1919); 

saorkestro nawarmoebebi: koncerti ,,Rameebi espaneTis baRebSi” 

fortepianosa da orkestrisaTvis (3 naw.1909-1915); «Homenajes» (miZ- 

Rvnebi): piesa ,,gitaris elegia”—klod debiusisadmi (gitaris an 

fortepianosaTvis 1934); fanfara miZRvnili e. arbosas 70 wlis iubilesadmi 

— sasule (3 sayviris, 4 valtornis) da dasartyami sakravebisaTvis 

(1934); piesa ,,pol diukasadmi” fortepianosaTvis, aseve 

orkestrisTvisac (1935), piesa `pedreliana” — fortepianosaTvis 

(1938), 

instrumentuli nawarmoebebi: piesa ,,valsi-kaprisi’’ fortepianosaTvis, 

,,espanuri serenada’’ violinosa da fortepianosaTvis da 

,,noqtiurni’’ fortepianosaTvis (1900); ,,4 espanuri piesa” fortepianosaTvis 

(1906-1909); ,,betiuri fantazia’’- fortepianosaTvis 

(1919); koncerti klaviCembalos (an fortepianos), fleitis, hobois, 

klarnetis, violinosa da violonCelosTvis (1923-26) 

vokaluri nawarmoebebi: ,,Seni Savi Tvalebi” xmisa da fortepianosaTvis 

(1900); ,,3 romansi Teofil goties leqsebze’’ (1908) ,,7 espanuri 

simRera~ xmisa da fortepianosaTvis (1922); ,,fsiqea” — poema Jan 

orbis sityvebze”: meco-sopranosa da kameruli orkestrisaTvis 

(fleitis, arfis, altis, violinosa da violonCelosaTvis) (1924); 

,,soneti kordovaze’’ torgorne-iagrosis sityvebze - xmisa da fortepianosaTvis 

(1932); ,,balada maiorkaze’’ — a capella gundisTvis, 

J. verlager — isantamalosis sityvebze, romelic Sopenis II baladis 

137

manuel de falias nawarmoebebi cxadyofs avtoris SemoqmedebiTi 

evoluciis mizanswrafulobas da Tanmimdevrulobas, 

sakompozitoro principebis mimarT mtkice erTgulebas. 

manuel de falias yoveli nawarmoebi erTsa da igive 

dros axalic aris da amasTanave iZleva winamavali monapovrebis 

sinTezs. de falias Semoqmedebis erT-erTi mkvlevar- 

Tagani xaime paisa wers: ,,de falia yovelTvis eswrafvoda, 

raTa misi yoveli nawarmoebi, isic ki, romelic swrafad mosdevs 

xolme mis winamaval nawarmoebebs, iyos individualuri 

xasiaTis, hqondes sakuTari ganumeorebeli musikaluri atmosfero, 

sakuTari stili da ena”. 7 

*** 

mokled SevexebiT manuel de falias 

Semoqmedebis saetapo qmnilebebs. 

manuel de falias sakompozitoro xelweris Tavisebureba, 

misi stilis individualoba da TviTmyofadoba adreul 

nawarmoebebSi, 1910-20-iani wlebis TxzulebebSive gamovlinda. 

kompozitorma SemoqmedebiTi gzis dasawyisSive SesZlo 

Camoyalibebuli, individualuri stili SeemuSavebina. 8 

Temazea agebuli; vokaluri poema — oratoria ~atlantida~ xmisa da 

orkestrisaTvis poet xasinto verdeueras sityvebsa da kompozitoris 

libretoze. 

7 Pahissa J. Vida y obra de Manuel de Falla, p. 162 

8 de falia mudmivad srulyofda ostatobas. dauRalavad muSaobda 

sakuTari sakompozitoro xelweris daxvewasa da individualuri 

stilis gamomuSavebaze. madridSi yofnis dros, mis musikalur cnobierebaze 

Rrma kvali daaCnia didi avtoritetis mqone musikalursazogado 

moRvawe, kompozitor filipe pedrelTan mecadineobam. 

aseve nayofieri zegavlena moaxdina parizSi franguli musikis saukeTeso 

warmomadgenelTa wreSi trialma, maTTan mWidro megobrulma 

urTierTobam gaafarTova axalgazrda kompozitoris Tvalsawieri, 

daexmara SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis srulyofasa da mxatvrulesTetikuri 

Sexedulebebis daxvewaSi. 

parizSive gaicnobs da Semdeg megobrul urTierTobas amyarebs 

Tavis TanamemamulesTan, SemdgomSi saxelganTqmul espanel kompozitor 

isaak albenisTan. 

138

1900 wlidan iwyeba kompozitoris daintereseba vokaluri 

da Teatraluri JanrebiT. es Janrebi mas sul ufro 

itacebs da interesebis sferoSi mTeli SemoqmedebiTi gzis 

manZilze mkvidrdeba. 900-ian wlebSi igi erTimeoris mimdevrobiT 

wers 5 sarsuelas anu operetasTan miaxloebul musikalur-sceniuri 

warmodgenis espanur nairsaxeobas. sarsuelebi 

is nayofieri niadagi aRmoCnda, romelmac Seamzada kompozitoris 

saopero Txzulebebi. manuel de falias sarsuelebma 

da saopero Janris qmnilebebma TvalsaCino adgili daikaves 

rogorc kompozitoris SemoqmedebaSi, ise mTlianad 

espanur samusiko kulturaSi. 

manuel de falias vokaluri nawarmoebebi, iseve, rogorc 

misi mTliani SemoqmedebiTi memkvidreoba, ar aris mravalricxovani, 

miuxedavad amisa, naTlad amJRavnebs avtoris 

stilis evolucias, misi ganviTarebis Tanmimdevrobas da 

amasTanave, mizanswrafulobas. ganviTarebis es xazi ki Tavis 

mwvervals aRwevs 1922 wliT daTariRebul opusSi ,,7 espanuri 

simRera” xmisa da fortepianosaTvis, romelsac safuZvlad 

udevs espanuri folkloruli melodiebi rogorc sasimRero, 

ise sacekvao. ,,7 espanuri simRera” de falias Semoqmedebis 

erT-erTi saukeTeso qmnileba, misi Semoqmedebis 

erT-erTi mwvervalia. ufro adreuli nawarmoebebidan unda 

dasaxeldes 3 romansi teofil goties sityvebze (1908); saintereso 

saansamblo SemadgenlobisTvisaa gankuTvnili ,,fsiqea” 

meco-sopranos, fleitis, arfis, altis, violinosaa da 

violonCelosaTvis — Jan orbis sityvebze (1924); mogvianebi- 

Taa Seqmnili ,,soneti kordobaze” torgorne-iagrosis sityvebze, 

xmisa da fortepianosTvis (1932). 

rogorc sxva JanrebSi, kamerul-vokalur musikaSic de 

falia qmnis nacionaluri xelovnebis WeSmarit nimuSebs. musikismcodne 

i. kreini, de falias Semoqmedebis erT-erTi 

mkvlevari aRniSnavs: ,,de falias nawarmoebebi xalxuria am 

sityvis sruli mniSvnelobiT” (Крейн 1960:159). 

manuel de falias erT-erTi yvelaze adrindeli nawarmoebia 

opera ,,xanmokle sicocxle” (1905-1913). am partituraze 

kompozitori xangZlivad muSaobda, mravalgzis daubrunda 

mas da gadaamuSava. operis madridulma premieram 

(1915w., iqamde daidga nicasa da parizSi) kidev ufro ganam- 

139

tkica kompozitoris dideba(libretos avtoria im drois saxelmoxveWili 

espaneli mwerali da libretisti karlos fernandes 

Sou). operis martivi siuJeti 4 suraTSi viTardeba. 

Tavisi stiliT opera veristul mimdinareobas uaxlovdeba. 

musika mWidrod enaTesaveba de falias mSobliuri andaluziis 

xalxuri simReris tradicias, igi axlosaa espaneli boSebis 

da arabuli aRmosavleTis musikalur kulturasTan, rac 

espanuri tradiciuli xelovnebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. 

amasTanave, kompozitori arsad mimarTavs citirebis xerxs, 

Rrmad swvdeba espanuri melosis arss da suliskveTebas, da 

qmnis wminda espanuri xasiaTis sakuTar musikas. opera ,,xanmokle 

sicocxle” erT-erTi pirveli nawarmoebTagania, romelmac 

kompozitors farTo aRiareba moutana, warmoaCina 

misi TviTmyofadi niWi, individualuroba, saorkestro feradovani 

palitris saucxoo floba. musika, WeSmaritad xalxur, 

espanur xasiaTTan erTad Zalze gamomsaxvelia, gamoir- 

Ceva saxeTa simdidriT, portretebis daxasiaTebis cxovrebiseuli 

simarTliTa da damajereblobiT. amasTanave, didi adgili 

eTmoba koloritul peizaJur Canaxatebs. 

manuel de falias Semdegi didtaniani Txzulebaa ,,maestro 

pedros balagani”, daTariRebuli 1919-1922 wliT. es 

sinTeturi Janris qmnilebaa, Teatraluri warmodgena, romelSic 

Serwymulia operis, balet-pantomimisa da Tojinuri 

speqtaklis elementebi. nawarmoebis siuJeturi qarga nasesxebia 

didi espaneli mwerlis servantesis ,,don-kixotis” me-2 

nawilis 26-e Tavidan. libretistad aq TviT kompozitori 

gvevlineba. nawarmoebis vokalur partiaSi sWarbobs reCitatiul-deklamaciuri 

stili. originalur gamoyenebas hpovebs 

kameruli orkestri, romlis SemadgenlobaSi simebian 

jgufTan erTad Sedis klavesini. am nawarmoebis musikaSi gamoyenebulia 

espaneTis erT-erTi provinciis — kastiliis musikaluri 

folkloris ZiriTadi niSan-Tvisebebi. amiT es partitura 

gansxvavdeba manuel de falias Semoqmedebis sxva nimuSebisgan, 

vinaidan kompozitoris nawarmoebTa umetesoba 

andaluziuri xalxuri musikis niSan-Tvisebebs anzogadoebs. 

m. de falias SemoqmedebaSi TvalsaCino adgili ukavia 

mis baletebs. maT Soris yvelaze adrindelia erTaqtiani baleti 

,,siyvaruli — jadoqari~ (1915). am nawarmoebis Seqmna 

140

ganapiroba kompozitoris gatacebam Zveleburi andaluziuri 

xalxuri simRerebiTa da sacekvaoebiT. maTi safuZvliani 

Seswavlis Sedegad Seiqmna SesaniSnavi partitura, romelsac 

didi warmateba mohyva. am nawarmoebSi didi ostatobiT aris 

aRbeWdili boSebis yofa-cxovrebis xatovani suraTebi. am sabaleto 

musikidan kompozitorma mogvianebiT Seadgina saorkestro 

siuita, romelic didi warmatebiT sruldeboda da 

dResac CarTulia sakoncerto programebSi. xolo siuitis 

erT-erTma nawilma — ,,cecxlis saritualo cekvam” an ubralod 

,,cecxlis cekvam” msoflio aRiareba moipova da simfoniuri 

sakoncerto repertuaris mSvenebas warmoadgens. 

m. de falias safortepiano memkvidreobaSi erT-erTi 

yvelaze adrindeli Txzulebaa ,,4 espanuri piesa”, romelic 

kompozitoris madridsa da parizSi cxovrebis periods ganekuTvneba. 

es patara cikli aerTianebs Semdeg nawarmoebebs: 

,,aragonuli”; ,,kuburi”; ,,mantania”; ,,peizaJi” da ,,andaluziuri”. 

Tumca nawarmoebi SemoqmedebiTi gzis dasawyisSia dawerili, 

mainc naTlad migviTiTebs kompozitoris azrovnebis 

Taviseburebaze, mis ZiriTad SemoqmedebiT principebze - 

mWidro kavSirze xalxur wyaroebTan, folkloruli Tematuri 

masalis citirebis gareSe musikisTvis mkafiod espanuri 

iersaxis miniWebaze. 

samxreT espaneTis provinciis, andaluziis arqauli saxelwodeba 

betika uwoda m. de faliam Tavis erT-erT sauke- 

Teso saportepiano piesas ,,betikuri fantazia” (1919). es nawarmoebi 

XX saukunis saxelganTqmuli pianistis artur rubenSteinis 

dakveTiT daiwera da masve mieZRvna. Amitomac gasagebia, 

rom pianistma Tavis sakoncerto repertuarSi am nawarmoebs 

mtkice adgili miuCina. ,,betikur fantaziaSi” andaluziuri 

xalxuri simReris monaTesave Temebi kompozitorma 

virtuozuli pianisturi xerxebiT daamuSava. amasTan, safortepiano 

saSemsruleblo SesaZleblobani gaafarTova gitaris 

teqnikuri xerxebiT, riTac, saerTo jamSi, Zalze gaamdidra 

nawarmoebis mxatvruli gamomsaxveloba da misi saxeobrivi 

Sinaarsi. 

didi formis safortepiano partituraa ,,Rameebi espaneTis 

baRebSi” (1909-1915). es m. de falias erT-erTi centraluri 

nawarmoebia da amasTanave, programuli sakoncerto 

141

literaturis erT-erTi yvelaze originaluri, maRalmxatvruli 

nimuSia. nawarmoebi dawerilia de falias frang kompozitorebTan 

— debiusis, ravelisa, da pol diukasTan megobrobis 

da maTi SemoqmedebiT gulmxurvale gatacebis xanaSi. 

amitomaa partituris furclebze rom aRibeWda impresionistuli 

stilis Taviseburebebi. amasTanave, kompozitori 

myarad dgas erovnuli musikis niadagze. Sezaveba impresionistuli 

stilis niSan-Tvisebebisa espanuri musikis koloharmoniasTan, 

mis melodiur saqcevebTan, ritmul TaviseburebebTan 

nawarmoebs Zalze TviTmyof iersaxes aniWebs. am 

samnawiliani siuitis yovel nawils Tavisi qvesaTauri aqvs 

da damoukidebel Sinaarss gadmoscems: ,,xeneralifeSi”, ,,Soreuli 

cekva”, ,,siera de kordofas baRebSi”. 

Zalze originaluradaa gaazrebuli sakoncerto Janri 

kidev erT nawarmoebSi - koncerti klaviCembalosa (an klavesinis) 

da kameruli orkestrisTvis (1926). es nawarmoebi kompozitoris 

Tanamedrove SesaniSnavi musikosis, vanda landovskas 

xelovnebiT iyo STagonebuli. m. de falia espanuri 

klasikuri da xalxuri musikis tradiciebs aq ostaturad gaiazrebs 

neoklasikuri stilis WrilSi da XX saukunis musikaluri 

xelovnebis tipur gamomsaxvel xerxebs mimarTavs. 

manuel de falias SemoqmedebiTi figuris daxasiaTebisas 

aucileblad unda AaRiniSnos is faqtic, rom kompoziciis 

paralelurad igi eweoda saSemsruleblo moRvaweobasac. 

jer kidev 23 wlis asakSi (1905w.) igi madridis pianistTa konkursis 

pirveli premiis mflobeli xdeba. es gamarjveba mas 

sakoncerto-sagastrolo mogzaurobisaken ukafavs gzas. igi 

warmatebiT gamodis espaneTis qalaqebSi da saxels ixveWs, 

ara marto rogorc kompozitori da pianisti, aramed rogorc 

diriJori. am periodidanve iwyeba de falias pedagogiuri 

moRvaweobac. 1900-iani wlebidan moyolebuli 1930-iani 

wlebis CaTvliT de falia ganagrZobs sakoncerto gamosvlebs. 

igi didi warmatebiT gamodis ara marto espaneTis qalaqebSi, 

aramed evropis iseT mowinave musikalur-kulturul 

centrebSi, rogoricaa parizi, londoni, romi; agreTve 

milani, venecia, nica, safrangeTis, belgiisa da Sveicariis 

sxva qalaqebi. 

142

da bolos, imisTvis, raTa manuel de falias SemoqmedebiTi 

iersaxe ufro srulyofilad iyos warmoCenili unda 

aRiniSnos misi pirovnebis zogierTi Taviseburebac, radgan 

migvaCnia, rom yoveli xelovanis Semoqmedeba uwyvet kavSir- 

Sia mis adamianur TvisebebTan. 

kompozitoris Tanamedroveni — vinc mas icnobda, vinc 

masTan megobrobda, aRniSnaven TavianT mogonebebSi kompozitoris 

uaRres Tavmdablobas, moridebulobas. misi es Tvisebebi 

ucnaurobamdec ki midioda. magaliTad, igi winaaRmdegi 

iyo raTa nawarmoebis ydaze misi gvari yofiliyo wawerili. 

igi ar iRebda araviTar miZRvnas, kategoriulad winaaRmdegi 

iyo, misi pirovnebis irgvliv gamarTuli raime sazeimo 

ceremonialis, saiubileo saRamoebisa da dResaswaulebisa. 

honorarzec ki, Tuki Tanxa mas gadaWarbebulad moeCveneboda, 

uars acxadebda. kompozitoris erT-erTi Tanamedrove 

ase ixsenebs mas: ,,manuel de falia iyo Tavmdabali, gulkeTili, 

mkacri, religiuri...“ (Gautheir 1966:88). 

manuel de falias Semoqmedebas gancalkavebuli, individualuri 

adgili ukavia XX saukunis musikalur kultura- 

Si. modernistul mimdinareobaTa swrafi aRmavlobis, aRzevebis 

xanaSi man SeinarCuna mtkice da uryevi kavSiri erovnul 

— ,,espanur musikasTan”, mis SemoqmedebiT tradiciebsTan. 

amaSia de falias Semoqmedebis sicocxlisunarianoba; 

amaSia misi musikis ganumeorebeli xibli, rac izidavs Semsrulebelsa 

Tu msmenels. 


1. Jitomirski v., ,,XX saukunis musika.’’ moskovi. 1977 

2. Вайсборд М.А., Мануэль де Фалья. Москва 1970 

3. Garcia Lorca F., Obras completas. Madrid, 1965 

4. Gautheir A.- Manuel de Falla, Paris, 1966 

5. Крейн Ю., «Мануэль де Фалья» («Советская музыка» 1959 №5) 

6. Крейн Ю., «Мануэль де Фалья», Москва 1960 

7. Мартынов И., «Музыка Испании», Москва 1977 

8. Пичугин А., «Мануэль де Фалья», Москва 1971 

9. Pahissa J., Vida y obra de Manuel de Falla. Buenos – Aires. 1956 

143

144 

Manuel De Phallia's Composing Style and His 

Importance in Spanish Musical Culture 

Summary 

Ketevan Razmadze 

Spanish composer school made an important contribution to 

European music. At the boundaries of XIX-XX centuries, in the epoch of 

modernist changes, Spanish musical culture was able to revive its past 

glory, as the result of influence of different genres especially “French 

Impressionism”. An inspirer of this idea was a musician-theorist Philippe 

Pedrel, successors - his own apprentices: Isaac Albeniz and Enrique 

Granados and Manuel De Phallia later. With his creative work he managed 

to revive inviolable wealth of southern Spanish musical-instrumental 

folklore and preserve artistic balance and national traditions. 

The interest towards creative work of Manuel De Phallia is caused by 

his very interesting pattern of folklore, his vocal-instrumental work for part 

and piano “7 Spanish Songs”. They are not generally Spanish but exactly 

Andalusian, Mersian and Asterial. His national and genre peculiarities are 

emphasized as well. 

Such kind of attitude towards folk music and possible connection 

between Spanish-Caucasian music prompted me to discuss and analyze this 

composition in details in the future. At first I am presenting this work 

“Manuel De Phallia's Composing Style and his Importance in Spanish 

Musical Culture”, which represents a general review of Manuel De 

Phallia’s work and his style using material available for me. It should be 

underlined that the literature connected with musical knowledge concerning 

Manuel De Phallia is very rare and such kind of material is not available in 

Georgian at all. 

In transitional period of XX-XXI centuries, at the background of 

numerous novelties and modern genres I think that it is still urgent to take 

care of Georgian aspiration, traditions and national folklore. That is why I 

have considered the above mentioned work interesting for the readers.

sergei raxmaninovis romansebi 

nino CaiZe 

naSromis mizania sergei raxmaninovis romansebis ganxilva 

XIX saukunis bolo da XX saukunis dasawyisis kulturul-sazogadoebrivi 

azrovnebis ganviTarebis WrilSi. s. 

raxmaninovis vokaluri Semoqmedeba musikalur xelovnebaSi 

erT-erT unikalur nimuSs warmoadgens. igi miekuTvneba ara 

marto rusul, aramed msoflio musikaluri xelovnebis monapovars. 

s. raxmaninovis romansebSi aisaxeba misi Tanamedroveobis 

gamoZaxili da Tavad kompozitoris SemoqmedebiTi 

poziciebi. 

rusuli klasikuri musika msoflio musikaluri kulturis 

udidesi monapovaria. romansi — musikisa da teqstis 

Serwymaa. mas axasiaTebs formis lakonuroba, ubraloeba da 

aRsaqmelad advilad misawvdomia, rogorc SemsruleblisaTvis, 

aseve msmenelisaTvis. rusuli romansi ar Semoifargleba 

lirikuli subieqturobiT, masSi gamoZaxils hpovebs Tanamedroveobis 

mniSvnelovani movlenebi. 

romansis, rogorc damoukidebeli Janris istoria iwyeba 

XVIII saukunis bolo aTwleulSi. Tavisi ganviTarebis gzaze 

romansi mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli rusul klasikur 

operasTan. romansis warmoSobis istoria ar SeiZleba dava- 

SoroT rusuli poeziis istorias, swored Tematika da siuJeti 

ganapirobebs musikaluri stilis Taviseburebebs. 

XIX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi ruseTSi Tavs iCens axali 

mimdinareoba ,,modernizmi” da male is umniSvnelovanes adgils 

ikavebs rus SemsrulebelTa repertuarSi. mkvidrdeba 

axali mimdinareobebi, rogorc musikaSi, aseve poeziaSi da 

mxatvrobaSi. musikaluri modernizmis liderebi kurss 

iRebdnen simbolistTa Semoqmedebaze. modernizmis erT-erT 

mimdevrad SeiZleba CaiTvalos stravinski da ramdenime meorexarisxovani 

kompozitori. am mimdinareobis gavlenis qveS 

moeqca raxmaninovic, romelmac dawera romansTa cikli Txz. 

38 simbolistTa teqstze. A 

145

sainteresoa rus modernistebis raxmaninoviseuli Sefaseba: 

,,rusma futuristebma zurgi Seaqcies folklors Dda 

swored amitomac maTi Semoqmedeba daemsgavsa xalxs, visac 

samSoblo ar gaaCnia, isini moRvaweobdnen im rwmeniT, rom 

gaxdebodnen internacionalebi”. 

XIX-XX saukunis romansebSi maradiuli xorcSesxma hpova 

adamianis saxem da bunebis peizaJebma. swored am orma saxem 

mxatvrulad cocxali da naTeli gamoxatuleba daimkvidra 

ideuri SinaarsiT, brwyinvale mxatvruli formiTa da damajereblobiT. 

Tuki analizs gavukeTebT raxmaninovis SemoqmedebiT 

gzas, davrwmundebiT, rom modernistulma mimarTulebam 

Tavisi gavlena iqonia Mmis romansebze. es romansebia: 

Txz. #38 ,,Ночью в саду у меня”, ,,К ней”, ,,Маргаритки”, 

,,Крысолов”, ,,Сон”, ,,Ау”. Tumca, mTlianobaSi modernizmi mainc 

ar mkvidrdeba mis vokalur SemoqmedebaSi da mTeli Tavisi 

arsebiT ewinaaRmdegeba mas. 

s. raxmaninovis SemoqmedebiTi gza vokaluri lirikis 

sferoSi iwyeba. am romansebSi raxmaninovi ar scildeba damkvidrebul 

CarCos — rusuli klasikuri romansis vokalurlirikuli 

stilis da Janris SesaZleblobebi, nawilobriv yofiTi 

rusuli simReris tradiciebis gagrZelebasac ki warmoadgens. 

romansebSi ,,Уж ты нива моя “, ,,Полюбила я на 

печалъ свою”, ,,Давно лъ мой друг” (elegiuri Janri), ,,Не пой 

красавица” (aRmosavluri romansi) struqtura da musikaluri 

ena TiTqosda erwymis balakirevis da Caikovskis tradiciebs. 

raxmaninovis romansebi haines teqstze ,,Речная лилия”, 

,,Сон”, ,,Дитя как цветок ты прекрасна” Tavisi sifaqiziTa da kameruli 

deklamaciurobiT axlosaa kiuis vokalur miniaturebTan. 

s. raxmaninovi qmnis nawarmoebebs, romlebic mkveTri 

individualurobiT gamoirCeva da vokaluri lirikis sauke- 

Teso nimuSebs warmoadgens. aseT qmnilebaTa ricxvs miekuTvneba 

upirvelesad romansi ,,В молчании ночи таиной” fetis 

teqstze. Aam romansSi ikveTeba raxmaninovis melodiuroba, 

simfoniuri azrovneba, romelic dramatizebuls da ganviTarebads 

xdis lakonur formas. romansis yoveli detali saxes 

warmoadgens Sesavali nawilidan, romelsac Sesabamis atmos- 

146

feroSi SevyavarT. Sesavlidan ibadeba xmaSi aRelvebuli sasiyvarulo 

aRsareba, romlis intonaciebsac safortepiano 

Tanxleba aviTarebs. romansis meore nawili xmisa da fortepianos 

dramatuli duetia kulminaciebiTa da kodiT. am nawilSi 

mogonebebis saxiT gaiJRerebs Temebi naklebi simZafriTa 

da daqanculobiT. Tavisi siRrmiTa da Sinaarsobrivi 

datvirTviT is utoldeba fsiqologiur dramas. 

s. raxmaninovi xsnis musikaSi leqsis Sinagan dramatizms. 

upirispirebs warsulisa da awymos saxeebs. romansSi 

,,Не пой красавица” puSkinis teqstze, qarTuli simReris Tema 

JRers safortepiano SesavalSi. Tavisi saxasiaTo niSnebiT: 

melodiis sekvenciuri ganviTarebiT, gabmuli baniT vokaluri 

partiis reCitatiuloba da uwyveti mReradoba fortepianosTan 

e.w. `dialogs” qmnis. 

aRsaniSnavia agreTve s. raxmaninovis axali Janris elegiuri 

romansi ,,Давно лъ мой друг.” am romansis I nawili dawerilia 

elegiur xasiaTSi, romlis teqsti mogviTxrobs ganSorebis 

dReebze. Zalian gamomsaxvelia II nawili. arcTu ise didi 

motivis daJinebuli ganmeoreba sxvadasxva harmoniul 

fonze qmnis dinamiur daZabulobas. repriza maJorSia. Cqari 

moZraoba sixarulisa da miRweuli miznis gamomxatvelia.Eelegia 

aq paTetikur diTirambSi gardaisaxeba, xolo Sua 

nawilis motivi kodaSi damajerebel, maJorul xasiaTs iZens. 

romansi ,,Давно ль мой друг” dawerilia lirikul-dramatuli 

sopranosaTvis goleniSCeva-kutuzovis teqstze, sam 

nawiliani formiT. teqsti mogviTxrobs ganSorebis dReebiT 

gamowveul sevdaze, sinanulze, gaurkvevlobaze da martoobaze, 

SemdgomSi ki SexvedriT gamowveul udides sixarulze. 

romansi iwyeba mSvidi arfismagvari akompanimentiT 

marjvena xelSi. marcxenaSi ki gabatonebuli kvinta aRmavali 

naxevari toniT sicarielis da martosulobis ganwyobilebas 

amkvidrebs, rasac SemdgomSi qromatiuli svla mohyveba da 

patara ganviTarebad epizods asrulebs teqstis Sesabamisad. 

simSvide da lirikuloba moicavs mTeli am nawilis vokalur 

partias — Печаль, смутный миг, в душе мне проник, блуждая, 

одинокой, грустною мечтой. swored am sityvebidan wamosuli 

siTbo, dramatizmi da melanqoliuroba iRvreba rogorc vo- 

147

kalur, aseve safortepiano partiaSi.Lteqstis Sinagani dramatizmis 

gaxsnas mivyavarT II nawilTan. faqtura icvleba, me- 

Teqvsmetedebidan gadadis triolur moZraobaSi. ikveTebaGgabmuli 

bani, xSirad icvleba harmoniuli foni. swored 

aseT qsovilSi xelmeored, mokrZalebulad Cndeba Tema, romlis 

intonaciebic I nawilis vokaluri partiidan modis. da- 

Jinebul gameorebas — sunTqvis gaxSireba, dinamiuri zrda, 

pulsaciis aCqareba mohyveba. isev da isev gamomdinare teqstis 

ideuri Sinaarsidan da swored sityvebiT ,,На вихрь 

свиденъя набежал” safortepiano da vokaluri partia mTlianad 

kargavs elegiurobas da gardaisaxeba paTetiur diTirambSi 

— maJorSi — sityvebze: ,,Мы вместе вновь”. optimizmiT, 

imediT, naTeli bednierebiTaa savse mTeli es nawili, sadac 

laitTema sixarulis, miswrafebis gamoxatulebas iZens. romansi 

mTavrdeba safortepiano partiiT, romlis savse akordebi 

Tavisi aRmafreniT mTel sivrces moicavs. 

jer kidev adreul romansebSi, raxmaninovi Taviseburad 

udgeba sityvisa da musikis urTierTmimarTebis problemas. 

deklamaciur maneraSi daweril erT-erT saukeTeso nimuSs 

warmoadgens romansi ,,Люблю тебя”. pirvelive taqtebSi 

warmoiqmneba salaparako intonaciaze agebuli fraza, Rrma 

Sinagani RelviT savse. es fraza araerTxel gaJRerdeba rogorc 

vokalur, aseve safortepiano partiaSi. Aaranakleb 

mniSvnelovania romansis harmoniuli ganviTareba. swored 

harmoniulobaSi ixsneba poeturi teqstis ZiriTadi saxe. 

Semdgomi periodis romansebi gamoirCeva mkafio individualurobiT, 

srulyofili saxasiaTo StrixebiT, Ria, ara 

faruli grZnobebiT. 

,,Весенние воды” erT-erTi optimisturi nawarmoebia mis 

SemoqmedebaSi. aseTive ganwyobisaa romansebi ,,Эти летние 

ночи” da ,,Не верь мне друг.” 

paTeTikuri romansebis paralelurad, raxmaninovi 

qmnis unazes bgeraTa akvarels. ,,Островок” pirvel nimuSs 

warmoadgens kompozitoris vokalur lirikaSi. swored statiurobaSi 

poulobs xorcSesxmas mxatvruli saxe. am romansSi 

raxmaninovi warmoaCens Tavs, rogorc siCumis ubadlo 

momRerali. ,,Она как полдень хороша”, ,,В моей душе” — am roman- 

148

sebSi ar SeiZleba raxmaninovi ar warmovaCinoT, rogorc saukeTeso 

peizaJisti-musikosi. romansebSi: ,,Утро”, ,,Сирень”, 

,,Здесь хорошо”, ,,У моего окна”, ,,Ночь печально” — raxmaninovi 

umReris rusul bunebas da misTvis uZvirfasesi rusi adamianis 

guls. swored ,,samSoblos” cnebiT aris STagonebuli misi 

musikaluri peizaJebi. erT-erTi saukeTeso nimuSi raxmaninovis 

musikaluri peizaJisa aris romansi ,,Здесь хорошо.” 

yvela am romansSi melodia warmoiqmneba sametyvelo intonaciebidan. 

sawyisi saxe Zalian ubraloa, magram SemdgomSi iSleba 

moulodneli silamaziT, TiTqos realizebas ukeTebs 

musikaSi mTel grZnobaTa simdidres, fiqrebs, mogonebebs, 

romlebic adamianis sulSi badebs mitovebuli samSoblos peizaJis 

SegrZnebas. ,,Здес хорошо”, ,,У моего окна”, ,,Сирень” — am 

romansebSi bunebis Tema Serwymulia bednierebis an bednierebaze 

ocnebis TemasTan. 

,,Сирень” Txz. 21 beketovis teqstze. peizaJuri romansi 

akvarelis ferebSi dawerili, gamWvirvale haeriT aris gaJ- 

RenTili. gamoirCeva poeturi gamomsaxvelobiT. gadamwyveti 

mniSvnelobisaa gaTanabrebuli molivlive akompanimentis 

figuracia, romelic msubuq yvavilovan buCqTan, gazafxulis 

surneliT gaJRenTil haerSi iasamnis aromatTan asocirdeba. 

vokaluri partia ar arRvevs am siCumes.Hharmoniuli 

foni, modulaciebi ufro met gamomsaxvelobas aniWebs rogorc 

safortepiano, aseve vokalur partias. romansis arsi 

ixsneba frazaSi: ,,Мое бедное счастье живет”, sadac wamierad, 

farulad gaielvebs sevdisa da sinanulis Tema. 

romansebis Semdgomi seria Txz. 21, 26 ekuTvnis 900-ian 

wlebs. es wlebi Zalian mniSvnelovania raxmaninovis SemoqmedebiT 

biografiaSi. sulieri krizisis gadatanis Semdgom is 

ubrundeba Semoqmedebas. es igrZnoba mis romansebSic, sadac 

mkvidrdeba tragizmi — aseT romansTa ricxvs miekuTvnebian: 

,,Судьба”, ,,Отрывок из Мюссе”, ,,Как мне больно”, ,,Проходит все”, 

,,Я опять одинок” — aq gaiJRerebs Tema adamianis protestisa 

mkacri sinamdvilis winaaRmdeg. am nawarmoebTa ricxvSi aRsaniSnavia 

didi monologi ,,Судьба” apuxtinis teqstze. is sainteresoa 

gansakuTrebiT imiT, rom raxmaninovma laitmotivad 

aiRo beThovenis V simfoniis I nawilis pirveli Tema. swored 

149

es sabediswero dartymebi tardeba mTeli romansis ganmavlobaSi 

sxvadasxva garemoSi varirebul riTmul da harmoniul 

variantSi. magram gansxvaveba beThovenis bedisweris Temisa 

da raxmaninovis is aris, rom raxmaninovTan sabediswero 

dartymebi aCerebs, yinavs dinebas, is ar warmoadgens musikis 

intensiuri ganviTarebis impulss. aq adamiani ver poulobs 

Zalas, raTa gadalaxos winaaRmdegobebi. 

,,Отрывок из Мюссе” mxatvruli srulyofiT axloa romansTan 

,,Судьба”. aRsaniSnavia mZafrad gamoxatuli martoobis 

Tema, romelic uZlieresia Rrma fsiqologiurobiT, tragizmiT, 

aRelvebuli molodiniT mTel rusul musikaSi. aq 

TiTqos erTmaneTSi ireva realoba da moCvenebiToba. saaTis 

rekva da nabijebis faruli xma romanss aaxloebs Caikovskis 

,,pikis qalTan”, mTavrdeba es monologi sulis siRrmidan 

amonaxeTqi SeZaxiliT ,,О, одиночество о, нищета”. vokaluri 

partiis sasowarkveTilebas safortepiano partia kidev ufro 

muq ferebs aZlevs. 

amgvarad, Txz. 21 da Txz. 26 romansebSi vpoulobT sxvadasxvagvarad 

gamoxatul protestul Temebs mkacri realobis 

mimarT. am samgloviaro cikls amTavrebs romansi 

,,Проходит все” simRera-monologi mniSvnelovani daboloebuli 

fraziT: ,,Я не могу веселых песен петь.” 

am romansebSi udidesi adgili eTmoba mgloviare, protestuli 

sulis mqone, gaurkveveli da mSfoTvare ganwyobis 

Seqmnas, swored maTSi hpova asaxva kompozitoris sulierma 

Zalam da grZnobebma. 

yofiTi romansis xazs agrZelebs romansi ,,Полюбила я на 

печаль свою” pleSCeevas teqstze. romansi gamoirCeva sifaqiziTa 

da kameruli deklamaciurobiT. aq ikveTeba misi melodiuroba, 

rac zustad pasuxobs teqstis Sinaars. romansis dasawyisi 

gitaris daSlil akordebs mogvagonebs, swored es harmoniuli 

akordTa jgufi dialogSi iwvevs vokalur partias, romelSic 

TxrobiTi intonacia sWarbobs da farTo sunTqvis tipur 

rusul melodias warmoadgens. deklamaciuroba, sekvenciuri 

ganviTareba imdenad Serwymulia teqstsa da musikaSi, 

rom warmoudgenilia maTi daSoreba. isini xom erT samyaroSi 

cxovroben, saerTo damakavSirebeli uxilavi ZafebiT. 

150

olo ori seria romansebisa Txz. 34. 38. miekuTvneba 

erT-erT udides etaps rusuli xelovnebis istoriaSi. ToTxmeti 

romansi Txz. 34 dawerilia 1910-15w. ,,Шесть стихотворении” 

Ddawerilia 1916w. am periodSi gansakuTrebiT mZafrdeba 

brZola realistur da modernistul mimdinareobebs Soris, 

yvela JanrSi, maT Soris romansebSic. umravlesoba romansebisa 

Txz. 34. dawerilia XIX saukunis rusi poetebis: — puSkinis, 

tiutCevis, polonskis, xomiakovis, fetis sityvebze. ori 

romansi dawerilia raxmaninovis Tanamedrove poetebis — 

balmontis da korinevskis teqstze. am romansebSi: ,,Муза”, 

,,Арион”, ,,Музыка”, ,,Ты знал его” gansakuTrebul adgils imkvidrebs 

xelovnebis, poetis daniSnulebis Tema. 

umniSvnelovanesi adgili unda daeTmos am seriis romansebidan 

,,Вокализ”-s. is aranakleb mniSvnelovania, vidre 

zemoT xsenebuli romansebi. im wlebSi, roca SeimCneoda melodiis 

krizisi, roca modernistma kompozitorebma da kritikosebma 

melodias da melodiur musikas ,,brbos gemovnebis 

gamoxatuleba” uwodes, raxmaninovi Tavisebur ,,melodiis 

apoTeozs” qmnis. 

vokaluri qmnilebebi, teqstis gareSe garkveulad si- 

Raribes qmnis, Tumca s. raxmaninovis ,,vokalizSi” es ar moxda. 

Mmisi melodia aRiqmeba, rogorc vokaluri sasimRero melodia, 

romlis teqsti ar ismis. safortepiano partiaSi 

vxvdebiT polifoniur elementebs, rac amZafrebs melodiuri 

xazis gamomsaxvelobas. 

Txz. 34 romansebSi aRsaniSnavia kompozitoris swrafva 

iseTi sinTezuri formisadmi, rogoricaa romansi-poema, romansi-suraTi. 

aseTi tipis romansebs miekuTvneba: ,,Буря”, 

,,Какое счастье” — poema bednier siyvarulze, ,,Диссонанс” — poema 

akrZalul siyvarulze. 

bolo cikli ,,шесть романсов” Txz. 38 raxmaninovis kamerul-vokalur 

SemoqmedebaSi umniSvnelovanes adgils ikavebs. 

es cikli dawerilia poeti-simbolistebis: blokis, belovis, 

briusovis, sologubas, balmontis teqstebze. maTi 

leqsebi warmoadgenen lirikul miniaturebs — modernistuli 

poeziis unikalur nimuSebs. saerTo yvela am romansebisa 

151

(Txz. 38) is aris, rom romansis Janri Seicvala JanriT ,,leqsi-musikasTan” 

erTad. 

Txz. 38 romansebi: ,,Ночью в саду у меня”, ,,К ней”, ,,Маргаритки”, 

,,Крысолов”, ,,Сон”, ,,Ау” miekuTvneba sergei raxmaninovis 

lirikis saukeTeso furclebs. es nawarmoebebi Seqmnilia modernizmis 

gavleniT,Mmagram raxmaninovi mainc rCeba xelovanrealistad 

da swored aseTma daimkvidra Tavi msoflio musikaluri 

xelovnebis istoriaSi. Aamitomac ar aris SemTxvevi- 

Ti, rom misi romansebi dResac udidesi popularobiT sargebloben. 

G 


1. Асафьев Б., Избр. Труды т.II. М., 1954 

2. Асафьев Б., Этапы развтия русского романса, сб. ,,Русский романс”, 

М., 1950 

3. Асафьев Б., Русcкая музыка, М-Л., 1930, 

4. Брянцева В., ,,Рахманинов”, изд. ,,Советский Композитор”, М., 1976 

5. Брянцева В., ,,Детство и юность Сергея Рахманинова”, М., 1973 

6. Васина-Гроссман В., ,,Русский класический романс XIX века”. М., 

1956 

7. Рахманинов С., ,,О Русском народном музыкальном Творчестве”, 

,,Современная музыка” сб.4 , 1945 

8. Стасов В., Избр. Соч. т. I. М., 1952 

152 

Romances by Sergei Rakhmaninov 

Summary 

Nino Chaidze 

In the field of singing lyric at the end of XIX and the begining of XX 

centuries the romances by S. Rakhmaninov are certainly the best. Their 

meanings are defined not only by the talent of the composer or the perfect 

vocal style, which is important as for singers, also for listeners, but with the 

facts that show, the romances by Rakhmaninov are still strengthening the 

traditions of Russian classic Romance. 

S. Rakhmaninov’s vocal creatures are the work of art, which have one 

common content, brilliance and trends of artistic forms; often listening 

Rakhmaninov"s romances audience get astonishe, surprised and impressed. 

And it is cleav evidance that the works of sergei Rakhmaninov are still very 

popular.

Tamaz ceriaSvili 

momRerlis mosamzadebeli etapebi 

vokaluri xelovnebis daufleba xangrZlivi da Sromatevadi 

procesia. statiis mizania, ganixilos vokaluri swavlebis 

teqnikur saSualebaTa da sceniur formaTa im sakiTxebis 

damuSaveba, romelic dakavSirebulia umaRlesi samusiko 

skolis (konservatoria an samusiko akademia) da masSi Semavali 

saopero studiis SesaZleblobebsa da perspeqtivebze. 

winamdebare statiaSi ganvixilavT momRerlis praqtikul 

rCevebs simReris meTodikaSi, romelic gauadvilebs 

student-vokalistebs Sromatevad samuSaos, rac ganpirobebulia 

maTi teqnikuri bazis (fiziologiuri da esTetikuri 

aspeqtebis) momzadebiT swavlebis mTel parametrSi, sruli 

speqtriT — sawyisi etapidan saopero studiis CaTvliT. 

teqnikuri baza saWiroebs im vokaluri da samsaxiobo 

Cvevebis sworad da safuZvlianad Seswavlas, rogoricaa: 

sxvadasxva tipis sunTqva, artikulacia, proeqciaze da frazirebaze 

muSaoba, sceniuri ostatobis Cvevebis gamomuSaveba, 

sceniuri moZraoba, scenaze muSaoba aqsesuarebis gamoyenebiT, 

sasimRero higiena, metyvelebaze muSaoba, partituraze 

muSaoba, grimi, momRerlis fsiqologiisa da anatomiis 

Seswavla. 

samarTlianad Tqva r. iusonma: `yvela tipis vokaluri 

teqnikis gamoyenebiT SeiZleba simRera xmisTvis zianis miyenebis 

gareSe, mxolod erTi pirobiT, rom vimRerebT arc ise 

maRal registrSi da arc ise xSirad da xangrZlivad~ (“Вопросы 

Вокальной педагогики”, 1984:184). 

terminSi `vokaluri teqnika~ — Cven unda gvesmodes xmis 

warmomqmnel aparatSi yvela obieqtis urTierTzemoqmedeba. 

rasakvirvelia, bgeris warmoqmnis procesi organizebuli unda 

iyos, ufro racionalurad, fiziologiurad optimalurad 

datvirTuli. Ees damokidebulia momRerlis Zalisxmevaze 

bgeris gamocemis Tu warmarTvis saqmeSi misi siZlierisa 

da xarisxis misaRwevad. 

153

simRera uricxv kunTsa da nervul sistemasTan mWidrod 

dakavSirebuli rTuli fsiqologiuri procesia. 

yvela drois kompozitorebi cdilobdnen praqtikulad 

eCvenebinaT TavianT SemoqmedebaSi sityvis daniSnuleba musikis 

konteqstSi. amiT arwmunebdnen momRerlebs, rom mSvenieri 

xma ara sakmarisia mxatvruli xatis Sesaqmnelad, rom 

yvelaferi (lamazi xma, simReris manera da a.S.), rac gamomsaxvelia 

— mSvenieria, mxolod simRera sakmarisi ar aris im didi 

Teatraluri STabeWdilebisTvis, Tu misi Tanmxlebi ar 

iqneba sxva dramatuli saSualebebi: msaxiobi unda iswrafodes 

ara marto xmis, aramed sxeulis moZraobisa da Jestikulaciis 

srulyofisaken, rac damxmare saSualebaa mxtvruli 

zemoqmedebis efeqtis misaRwevad. 

romis vokaluri skolis warmomadgenlebi imTaviTve 

srulyofdnen Tavs virtuozebad da rogorc bontempis 

traqtati gvauwyebs, isini valdebulebi iyvnen saaTobiT gamowrTobiliyvnen 

rTuli intonaciebis aTvisebaSi, simsubuqisa 

da ubraloebis misaRwevad. meore saaTi eTmoboda trelebze 

muSaobas da imdenive eTmoboda varjiSs urTulesi pasaJebis 

gamRerebaSi, rasac isini sarkesTan atarebdnen. dar- 

Cenil dros ki uTmobdnen literaturas da gemovnebis daxvewas, 

mecnierebas akustikis Sesaxeb, kontrapunqtsa da kompozicias 

( Горович, 1984:80). 

yvela momRerals, Semoqmedad Camoyalibebis periodSi, 

dayveba e.w. scenis SiSi. am cudi senis aRmosafxvrelad saWiroa 

sakuTar SesaZleblobebSi darwmuneba, rac mxolod dau- 

Ralavi SromiT miiRweva. mas Semdeg, rac daiZleva yvela teqnikuri 

xarvezi: gaTanabrdeba registrebi, frazireba xdeba 

natifi, sunTqva SeumCneveli da bgera Tanabari, tesituruli 

sirTule advilad gadasalaxavi da sabolood darwmundebiT, 

rom SegiZliaT nawarmoebis maRalmxatvruli Sesruleba, 

Cndeba TviTdajereba, qreba scenis SiSi da rCeba SemoqmedebiTi 

Relva, ramac mxolod dadebiTad unda imoqmedos, rameTu 

is mxatvrul gardasaxvaSi STainTqmeba. student-mom- 

Reralma cnobierad unda gamoimuSaos Tavis TavSi simSvide 

da TviTdajerebuloba, rac scenaze ukiduresad saWiroa. 

cnobilia, rom gamoCenilma beniamino jilim operaSi 

“jokonda”, ori warumatebeli gamosvlis Semdeg, mesame speq- 

154

taklze Tavs mobilizeba gaukeTa, igrZno Zalis mozRvaveba 

da sulieri SemarTebiT da saxmo resursebiT advilad aiRo 

`si bemoli~ ariaSi @`ca da zRva”. 

Relvis mTavar mizezad gvevlineba Semsruleblis araadeqvaturi 

TviTSefaseba anu Tavisi niWierebis daknineba. sa- 

Semsruleblo fsiqologiis mcodneni Tanxmdebian imaSi, rom 

ara dakninebaSi, aramed piriqiT, TavianTi niWierebis gadametebul 

SefasebaSi, zedmetad TavmomwonebaSi imaleba aseTi 

Relvis fesvebi. mokled rom vTqvaT, erTni Relaven Tavian- 

Ti niWis dakninebis gamo, xolo meoreni misi aRmatebuli SefasebiT. 

cnobili italieli poeti eujinio montale yveba, Tu 

rogori gardasaxvis unari hqonda tito rufos da ramdenad 

siRrmiseulad cxovrobda misi gmiris cxovrebiT, razec 

mohyavs magaliTi: iagos rolze muSaobisas, misma moaxlem 

wasvla ganizraxa, ris mizezadac ganacxada, rom ramdenadac 

misTvis sasiamovno iyo cxovreba da muSaoba tito rufos garemocvaSi, 

imdenad autaneli gaxda misi yofna iagosTan (Лесс 

1983:64). 

axalgazrda momReralma, romelic scenaze zedmetad 

Relavs, maqsimalurad naTlad unda warmoidginos (`moatyuos” 

Tavi), rom namdvilad xedavs im situacias, im atmosferos, 

romelic mas momavali sajaro gamosvlisas moelis (koncerti, 

gamocda, konkursi) — mayurebelTa darbazi, komisiis 

wevrebi, Jiuri, misTvis mniSvnelovani xalxi da sxva. rac SeiZleba 

Rrmad da garkveviT `ganicados”, `Seisislxorcos”, 

`SeigrZnos” warmosaxuli situacia misi yoveli wvrilmaniT 

(Герсамия.1985:124). 

xSirad artistebi jerdebian mxolod teqstur miTiTebebs, 

magram unda vicodeT, rom mxatvruli saxeebis SeqmnisaTvis 

araa sakmarisi sanoto teqstis da saavtoro remarkis 

keTilsindisierad, sqematurad gadmocema.Mmalers uyvarda 

imis gameoreba, rom `musikaSi saukeTeso mdebareobs notebs 

miRma” (Тилес1974:37). 

taneevi werda: `me sulac ar moviTxov, rom virtuozis 

mier, Cemi avtoriseuli yvela miniSneba monurad iqnas Sesrulebuli. 

piriqiT, Semsrulebelma unda gamoavlinos sruli 

Tavisufleba detalebSi, romliTac avtoris keTili nebac 

155

unda gamoxatos, magram es Tavisufleba — garkveul CarCoeb- 

Si unda iyos moqceuli. Semsrulebeli valdebulia Cawvdes 

WeSmaritad avtoriseul Canafiqrs da mas Semdeg Seasrulos 

nawarmoebi, misTvis saukeTeso da xelmisawvdomi formiT da 

araviTar SemTxvevaSi — avtoriseuli Canafiqris sawinaaRmdegod” 

(Тилес1974:38). 

vokalur-pedagogiur da saSemsruleblo praqtikaSi 

aRiniSneba SemTxveva, roca momRerali sajaro gamosvlisas 

moulodnelad mkveTrad modificirebs (aCqarebs an anelebs) 

nawarmoebis xangrZlivi SromiT gamomuSavebul `swor temps”. 

tempis modifikacia mxatvruli interpretaciis gareSe, Sesrulebis 

mxatvrul mxareze uaryofiTad moqmedebs, ramdenadac 

xSirad axal tempsa da Sesrulebis xasiaTs Soris Seusabamobaa. 

moZraobis siCqaris Secvla sruliad axal interpretacias 

moiTxovs, ramdenadac umeteswilad dinamiuri niuansebis 

Secvla tempTan mimarTebaSi da maTTan SegrZnebaSi ver 

hpovebs Sesabamisobas da safuZvels moklebulia (Герсамия 

1985:130). 

stefan cvaigi aRniSnavda: `xelovneba — wminda alagia. 

is mociquleobrivi moRvaweobaa dedamiwaze miuRweveli idealebisaTvis. 

xelovneba ara SemTxveviTobis saCuqaria, aramed 

damsaxurebuli wyalobaa; ara msubuqi garToba, aramed 

dauRalavi Sromaao” (Лесс 1983:61). 

tito rufos, romelic ver grZnobda Tavis TavSi pedagogiur 

talants, simReris maswavleblad ar umoRvawia. mas 

kargad esmoda, rom es saqme gansakuTrebul niWs moiTxovda 

da ambobda, rom `pedagogi — vokalisti-Semoqmedia, romelic 

eZiebs da hpovebs calkeuli mowafisaTvis pirovnulad saWiro 

meTodebsa da ileTebs” (Лесс 1983:120). 

mecadineobis Semdgom etapze (momdevno kursebze) mu- 

Saoba eTmoba saxmo diapazonis gazrdas da masTan erTad misi 

registruli feradovnebis gamTlianebas, risTvisac aucilebel 

pirobas warmoadgens xmis momrgvaleba, moTboba, dabindva 

(sombrireba) registris garkveul monakveTze. amas meorenairad, 

vokalur pedagogikaSi, veZaxiT xmis moxurvas an 

Sexurvas, rac garkveul dabneulobas iwvevs. xmovnebis erT 

yalibSi simRera (igulisxmeba Tanmimdevrulad aRebuli yve- 

156

la xmovnis erT simaRleze, msgavsi SeferilobiT gamRereba) 

— es gaxlavT is saSemsruleblo Cveva, romelic momRerlis 

Camoyalibebis wina da aucilebeli pirobaa. 

xmis Sua diapazonSi bgeris Semrgvaleba maRal tonebSi 

mSvidad gadasvlis saSualebas iZleva. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, 

termini `moxuruli xma~ — xSirad damabnevelia. bgeris 

moxurva sworedac rom bgeris momrgvalebaa, anu à~ xmovanis 

ò~ xmovanSi gadayvanas gulisxmobs. amitom, pedagogma 

gardamaval registrze muSaobisas, koreqtireba unda gauke- 

Tos JReradobis xarisxs da sunTqvis swor dozirebas. am me- 

TodiT, rasac hqvia xmis Sua diapazonSi bgeris JReradoba, 

momReralSi yalibdeba diapazonuri erTferovneba da xdeba 

e.w. siWrelis acileba. amdenad, sirTulis daZlevis uadviles 

gzad miCneulia moZraoba Ria xmovnidan daxuruli, dabinduli 

xmovnisaken — à~-dan ò~-sken da ò~-dan ù~-sken. 

terminSi — `vokaluri teqnika”, Cven unda gvesmodes sasimRero 

procesSi, xmis warmomqmneli yvela obieqtis urTierTzemoqmedeba. 

rasakvirvelia, bgeris warmoqmnis procesi 

organizebuli unda iyos, racionalurad, organizmisaTvis 

fiziologiurad optimalurad gamoyenebuli. es damokidebulia 

im Zalisxmevaze, romelsac momRerali iyenebs bgeris 

warmoqmnisas, misi siZlieris da xarisxis misaRwevad. kargi 

teqnikis mqone momRerlis xma mTeli koncertisa Tu speqtaklis 

msvlelobaSi sul ufro kargad mRerdeba da masSi daRla 

an xmis siblagve ar SeiniSneba, rac ganpirobebulia misi racionaluri 

teqnikiT, maSin, roca sxva momReralTan aRiniSneba 

daRla, misgan gamowveuli xmis forsireba da uxeSi frazireba. 

maSasadame, pirvel SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs saSemsruleblo 

komfortTan, e.i. momRerali Tavisufalia moqmedeba- 

Si. esEsasiamovno aRsaqmelia, radgan misi Tavisufleba vizualur 

mxareSic gamoixateba. mayureblis reaqcia migvaniSnebs 

imaze, Tu ramdenad maRalteqnikuradaa aRWurvili esa Tu is 

Semsrulebeli da misi moqmedeba, TviT Rimilic ki — ramdenad 

damajerebelia igi. es saxasiaTo cvlilebani simReris 

procesSic akustikurad aisaxeba, rac momRerlis daxvewili 

teqnikis utyuari maCvenebelia. 

studenti Tavidanve unda mivaCvioT swor frazirebas, 

kantilenur simRerasTan erTad — karg diqcias, artikulaci- 

157

as da imavdroulad frazebis gadabmul (ligebze) simReras. 

amis safuZvlad gvevlineba swori sunTqva, romelic erT-er- 

Ti umTavresi komponentia bgeris gamocemis da warmarTvis 

saqmeSi. 

sasunTq aparats ganekuTvneba: cxvirisa da piris Rru, 

rbili sasa, saylapavi, yanyrato, xorxi, traqea, bronqebi, 

bronqialuri alveolebi da filtvebi. 

sunTqvis sistemis am CamonaTvalSi upiratesoba eniWeba 

diafragmasa da saxmo Wdeebs. 

diafragma berZnuli sityvaa da niSnavs tixars. es aris 

kunTuri tixari, romelic gamoyofs mkerdis Rrus muclis 

Rrusagan. saerTod, anatomiaSi diafragma ewodeba RruTa 

gammijvnel kunTs an kunTebis jgufs. Cven, ra Tqma unda, diafragmaSi 

vgulisxmobT mkerdmuclis tixars. Aarsebobs piris 

Rrus diafragmac da sxva. 

sunTqva xmis dayenebis saqmeSi umTavresi pirobaa. rogorc 

lamperti Tvlida, `simReris skola — sunTqvis skolaa~. 

karuzos azriT: `momRerals, romelsac aqvs Zalze zusti 

musikaluri smena, magram ver flobs sunTqvas, igi an 

usufTaod imRerebs an gamoscems usicocxlo, sacodav bgerebs~. 

rogorc cnobilia, italiuri belkantos XVII saukunis 

ostatebi, e.w. kastratebi (maT Soris cnobili tozi, feri, kafareli, 

farineli da sxva), or oqtavian gamas 18-jer asrulebdnen 

erT sunTqvaze. kastrati feri or oqtavian qromatiul 

gamas aseve 18-jer asrulebda yoveli notis treliT. 

pietro tozi — boloniis skolis brwyinvale warmomadgeneli 

Tavis xelnawer SromaSi aRniSnavda: `maswavlebelma unda 

miuTiTos mowafes sad aiRos sunTqva da aswavlos misi Sesruleba 

garTulebis gareSe. Aarian momRerlebi romelTa mosmenac 

Znelia, imis gamo, rom isini asTmianiviT yovel sityvaze 

iReben sunTqvas da nawarmoebis bolo notze modian gamowurulebi, 

damxCvlebi~. (Горович, 1984:85) 

sworad warmoqmnil bgeras gaaCnia baza — diafragma da 

kunTebi, romlebic afiqsireben SesunTqvas. gamarTuli bgera 

mowodebulia ekonomiur gamosunTqvaze yovelgvari forsirebis 

gareSe, rac gamoricxavs haeris ZaldatanebiT, biZgebiT 

gamodevnas. haeris ZaldatanebiT miwodeba uaryofiT 

158

gavlenas axdens bgeris sisufTaveze, Zalasa da frenadobaze. 

amisaTvis bgera dafuZnebuli unda iyos sunTqvaze, rasac 

ewodeba yrdnoba. es gaxlavT diafragmis tonusSi myofi 

mdgomareoba, anu swori sasimRero gamosunTqva. maSasadame 

sityvaSi `yrdnoba~ igulisxmeba sworad gamosunTqvaze bazirebuli 

bgera. imavdroulad, swori yrdnoba iTxovs bgeris 

warmoqmnisas ar Camovardes mkerdi, ar modundes diafragma, 

ar imoZraos neknebma. es mdgomareoba fiqsaciis anu simReris 

win sunTqvis Sekavebis mdgomareobaa. 

xmis dayenebis saqmeSi sasimRero sunTqva gvevlineba 

umTavres, Tumca ara erTaderT faqtorad. mimaCnia, rom igi 

unda daixvewos bgerasTan erTad, rameTu gvevlineba xmis 

swori JReradobis safuZvlad. Bbgeris warmoqmnis dros gamosunTqvis 

procesi fiziologiurad icvleba. Mmas Semdeg, rac 

haeri aRebulia, anu moxda SesunTqva, xdeba fiqsacia haeris 

Sekavebisa. fiqsacias unda daeTmos gansakuTrebuli yurad- 

Reba, radgan sasimRero gamosunTqvisas mas aqvs udidesi 

mniSvneloba. am winapirobis Sesrulebis Semdgom Tavis tvinis 

qerqi aZlevs brZanebas Wdeebs, rom moxdes Sekvra mocemul 

tonze. Yyovelive amis Semdeg iwyeba bgeris warmoqmna. 

saboloo jamSi unda miviRoT Camoyalibebuli, Sereuli 

sunTqva, romelsac `kostabdominaluri~ sunTqva hqvia, 

sadac CarTulia mkerdi, diafragma da muclis kunTebi. 

mamakacTa da qalTa sunTqviTi sistema zog SemTxvevaSi 

mainc gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan. mamakacebSi metwilad gamoiyeneba 

diafragmul-neknur-muclisa, qalebSi ki diafragmul-neknuri. 

aris mosazreba, rom qalebSi muclis tipis da 

gansakuTrebiT ki qveda muclis sunTqva, iwvevs saSvilosnos 

qsovilis gaRizianebas, rac momavalSi SesaZlebelia savalalo 

SedegiTac dasruldes. Aamitom vTvli, rom am tipis sun- 

Tqva qalebSi zogierT SemTxvevaSi iqnas gamoyenebuli. 

cnobili mecnier-otolaringologis bilanConis sityvebiT, 

sunTqvis teqnikaSi Sejibri mxolod or momRerals 

SeeZlo: tito rufosa da karuzos. igi wers: `rogorc erTs, 

ise meores hqonda araCveulebrivad didi Zala abdominalurdiafragmuli 

sunTqvisa. sunTqva absolituri sizustiT da 

sinatifiT Tanmxvedri iyo sulis moZraobisa, siTbos aniWebda 

mas, xazs usvamda metyvelebas da aRafrTovanebda, TrTo- 

159

da da tiroda — momRerlis nebidan gamomdinare~ (Лесс 

1983:65). 

roca tito rufos axalgazrda saopero momRerlebi mimarTavdnen 

kiTxviT sunTqvisa Tu vokaluri teqnikis Sesaxeb, 

igi yovelTvis aseT rCevas iZleoda: `yovel dRe, erTi 

saaTi dauTmeT sunTqvis varjiSs, amis Semdgom ki mTeli saa- 

Tis ganmavlobaSi imRereT naxevari xmiT, magram maqsimaluri 

sasimRero da emociuri datvirTviT. aseTi gziT Tqven TandaTanobiT 

gamoimuSavebT vokalur teqnikas. Dda roca Tqven 

srulad aiTvisebT mas, daiviwyeT simRera da iswrafeT SeqmnaT 

TqvenSi artisti. Mmec mTeli cxovreba vmRerodi ara 

mxolod xmiT, aramed tviniTac. xmas ki viyenebdi fiqrTa ganxorcielebis 

saSualebad” (Лесс1983:120). 

artistizmi gvevlineba teqnikis im aucilebel damatebad, 

romelic Zalzed pozitiurad moqmedebs momRerlis xmaze 

da mas bunebisa da misive organizmis tandemSi srulyofil 

instrumentad aqcevs. 

saopero studia gaxlavT sceniuri Sromis realobas- 

Tan Sesisxlxorcebis srulyofili saSualeba. igi aris aqtioruli 

xerxebisa da xasiaTebis Ziebis areali. swored saopero 

studiaSi iwyeba musikalur da fsiqologiur sirTuleeb- 

Tan Serkineba Teatraluri moqmedebis pirobebSi. Aam pirvel 

da meore situaciaSi studenti vokalisti eCveva orkestris 

TanxlebiT simReras; aq xdeba daZleva iseTi mankierebisa, 

rogoricaa scenis SiSi. aq yalibdeba mizanscenur moZraobas- 

Tan Serwymuli swori da dozirebuli sunTqva, rac sawindaria 

lamazi frazirebisa da maRalmxatvrul saxeTa Seqmnisa. 

udavoa, rom saopero studiaSi mecadineobiT studenti-mom- 

Rerali SeZlebs im xarvezTa da sisustesTa aRmofxvras, 

romlebic momaval sapasuxismgeblo saqmeSi didi travmis 

momtania. 

samwuxaroa, rom student-momReralTa aRzrdis praqtikaSi 

dRes maTi fsiqologiuri momzadebis ara sakmarisi 

donea, ris gareSec studenti ver axdens Tavis Semoqmedebi- 

Ti saSualebaTa realizebas, mReris SeboWilad da xSirad 

stovebs uniWo STabeyWdilebas. rom ara TviTorganizebis ma- 

Rali done da eqstremalur pirobebTan adaptirebis unari, 

160

ar aris gamoricxuli, rom igive, gansakuTrebuli talantis 

mqoneTac daemarTod. 

saopero studia unda moviazroT saopero xelovnebis 

sawyis etapad, sadac xdeba specialobis sagnebSi miRebuli 

codnis Sejameba. es sagnebia: akademiuri simRera, kameruli 

simRera, saopero momzadeba, vokaluri ansambli, sceniuri 

moZraoba, sasceno ostatobis safuZvlebi, metyvelebis kultura, 

grimi, xmis higiena, vokalur teqnikaze da mis uricxv 

komponentebze gamudmebuli varjiSi. vokalur-saSemsruleblo 

da saopero xelovnebis gulisyuriT Seswavla sawindaria 

saopero studiaSi student-vokalistis codnis far- 

To speqtriT warmoCenisa. amdenad, aucilebelia mimoxilva 

saopero xelovnebis istoriisa, romelic Tavisi evoluciis 

periodSi dialeqtikur erTianobaSi moicavs musikasa da 

dramatul eqspresias, vokalur teqnikasa da aJRerebul sityvas, 

partiturasa da libretos. 

musikaluri da verbaluri teqstis riTmul organizebas 

maTi saerTo intonaciuri sawyisi ganapirobebs. 

mogexsenebaT, bunebiT yvela xma arasrulyofilia da 

moiTxovs nayofierad muSaobas, rom droTa manZilze aRmoifxvras 

xarvezebi da daixvewos Sesrulebis saSualebebi. 

rac ufro mdidaria dinamiur saRebavTa palitra, miT 

ufro metia sxvadasxva mxatvruli saxeebis Seqmnis SesaZlebloba.Nrac 

ufro mdidaria studentis sulieri samyaro, ufro 

srulyofilia misi niWiereba — gardasaxos es simdidre xmaSi, 

miT ufro advilad da sasiamovnod aRsaqmelia msmenelis mier 

misi Semoqmedeba. 

Cveni mizania, yovel student-vokalistSi aRvzardoT 

saopero Tu kamerul JanrSi Tanabrad kargad moazrovne mom- 

Rerali. 

mosamzadebel periodSi studenti-momRerali — Temis, 

ideis da Janris analiziT, gansazRvravs Tavis SemoqmedebiT 

damokidebulebas ama Tu im nawarmoebTan. sxvadasxva kompozitoris 

musikaluri stilis Taviseburebas ganapirobebs ama 

Tu im Semoqmedis musikaluri enis intonaciuri maragi. mocemuli 

Semoqmedis xelovneba da calkeuli Janris ganviTareba 

unda ganvixiloT epoqasTan konteqstSi. aucilebelia, rogorc 

dramatuli, ise musikaluri xazis ganviTarebis aRqma. 

161

musikisa da teqstis danawevrebuli damuSaveba mogvcems qveteqstis 

sworad povnis saSualebas, rac imis sawindaria, rom 

sityva da moqmedeba gamarTlebuli da damajerebeli iyos. 

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi qveteqsti arasworia da masTan er- 

Tad sityvebi formaluri da arafris metyveli. aseTi muSaoba 

aucileblobas warmoadgens momRerlisaTvis da students 

uRviZebs fantazias, unviTarebs mexsierebas. rogorc vokalur 

klasSi mecadineobisas, aqac unda mieqces yuradReba 

sityvisa da musikis organulobas, rom literaturuli teqsti 

iyos ara dazuTxuli, aramed gaazrebulad Seswavlili. 

aseTi midgoma students gauadvilebs sasceno Sesrulebis 

amocanas, gmiris xasiaTis gaxsnaSi vigrZnobT teqnikuri komponentebis 

swor sinTezs. yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, 

xdeba nawarmoebSi calkeul partiaze samuSaos Sesruleba, 

riTac miiRweva dramaturgiaSi gmiris saxis erTaderTi swori 

migneba. 

aseTi fundamentaluri analizis gziT, ra Tqma unda SeirCeva 

im swori elferiT simRera, rac gmiris saxes saTanado 

emociur kolorits SesZens.M 

rogorc karuzos akompaniatori s. fuCito werda — didi 

momRerali sistematiurad avarjiSebda xmas specialuri 

savarjiSiebiT da Zalzed yuradRebiT akontrolebda haeris 

racionalurad xarjvas. misi xelovneba, rogorc fuCito aRniSnavs, 

mdgomareobda im ostatobaSi, rom simReraSi gamosunTquli 

haeris yoveli nawilaki bgerad gadaeqcia. 

haeris bgerad gadaqcevaSi udidesi roli eniWeba sun- 

Tqvis ritms, romelic akustikur rezonirebaSi modis. aq didi 

mniSvneloba eniWeba rezonatorebis codnas da maT daniSnulebisamebr 

gamoyenebas. 

rezonatorebi — bgeris sixSiris gamaZliereblebia. 

akustikuri rezonirebis daniSnuleba iTvaliswinebs akustikuri 

sistemis rxevaSi moyvanas. am akustikaSi rezonatorebad 

gvevlinebian — Wdeebi, xorxi, mkerdi, yel-xaxa, piris 

Rru — Tavisi aqtiuri da pasiuri organoebiT. 

bgeris akustikur rezonirebas udidesi roli eniWeba 

momRerlis fonaciaSi, amitomac es sakiTxi calke ganxilvis 

Temad rCeba. 

162

saopero momRerlis xma (Tavisi siZlieriT, diapazoniT, 

tembraluri SeferilobiT, xmis kompaqturobiT, moqnilobiT, 

koloraturuli SelamazebiT) — bgeris yvela komponentis 

flobasTn erTad iTvaliswinebs xmis rezonatorebs da 

maT aqtivobas, rac akustikur rezonirebasTanaa kavSirSi. 

rogorc jenaro bara aRniSnavda, `Cven simReraSi aravi- 

Tari saidumlo da saxmo saSualebani ara gvaqvs rezonansis 

garda, amitom rezonatoruli awyoba xmis warmoqmnis WeSmariti 

meqanizmia da misi dakargva araviTar situaciaSi ar SeiZleba. 

rezonansis dakargva niSnavs — aRar iyo momRerali. 

igi uqmnis xmas sikaSkaSes, frenadobas, xmas dauRlelsa da 

uberebels xdis~ (Вопросы Вокальной педагогики 1984:193). 

unda gvaxsovdes, rom klasikur simReraSi mTavaria ma- 

Rali pozicia, bgeriTi talRis moZraoba, gadaadgileba, romelsac 

uzrunvelyofs moxurva (xmovani ù~), bgeriTi tal- 

Ris moqniloba (J. diupre) da sasunTqi kunTebis aqtivoba 

(garsia). 

garsia-Svilma, Tavisi mecnieruli dakvirvebiT Camoayaliba 

simReraSi xmis meqanikuri xedva, anu moZraoba xmaSi 

(xmis simardis teqnikis daxvewa) da mogvca saintereso meqanikuri 

ileTebi: safexurebi, zambara, naxtomi, frena... mom- 

Rerali — sportsmeni! momRerlebma termini `meqanika” jer 

kidev XVIII saukuneSi xmis Tavisufali improvizaciiT axsnes. 

aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom dabali registris siRrme aqtiurad 

moqmedebs mTel xmaze, rameTu zrdis diapazons da mom- 

Rerlis mobilurobas. magaliTisaTvis SegviZlia moviyvanoT 

àbigaelis aria~ j. verdis operidan `nabuqo~, sadac zemoxsenebuli 

naxtomebi SeiniSneba sami registris parametrSi: — c2, 

c3, c1; meierberis — `paJis~ kavatinaSi SeiniSneba frena safexurebze 

c1 dan c3-mde da a.S. 

sivrceSi moZraobis `Cvengan iqiT~ momxre iyo neapolitanuri 

skolis mimdevari maestro jenaro barac. es gaxldaT 

Zlieri italiuri skola, romelTanac garsias skolis siaxlove 

eWvgareSea da romlis meTodikiTac sargeblobda didi 

karuzoc. 

yvela zemoT CamoTvlili komponentis safuZvliani 

Seswavla gvaZlevs saSualebas, rom teqnikurad aRWurvili 

163

studenti-momRerali paralelurad Seudges nawarmoebis 

mxatvrulad Sesrulebas, anu Seiswavlos mocemuli operis 

literaturuli pirvelwyaro, daamuSavos libreto da masSi 

sworad dainaxos Tavisi gmiris mxatvruli saxe, Cawvdes mis 

bunebas da warmosaxvaSi daxatos miseuli moqmedebiT gansaxierebuli 

esa Tu is scena. warmosaxvaSi saWiro bgeriT gaaJ- 

Reros misi gmiris frazebi. amisaTvis studentma detalurad 

unda Seiswavlos Tavisi partia. 

saopero partiis Seswavla, upriania moxdes pedagogTan 

da diriJorTan erTad.Mmas Semdeg, rac student-momRerali 

CainiSnavs koreqtirebas, pedagogi valdebulia daniSnul vadaSi 

Seamowmos Seswavlili masala. saopero klasSi pedagogma 

yoveli partia calke unda moisminos, yvela komponentis 

dacviT da ukve Setanili koreqtirebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 

student-momRerlis individualuri muSaobis periodul 

kontrols mosdevs pedagog-diriJoris sistematiuri gakve- 

Tilebi da mas Semdeg, rac samuSao procesi damakmayofilebel 

zRvars miaRwevs (anu im etaps, roca momRerals kargad 

aqvs Seswavlili Tavisi partia da mas swori bgeriTa da niuansirebiT 

asrulebs), saWiroa reJisoris Careva da mizanscenebze 

muSaobis dawyeba. aseTi meTodiT muSaobis regulacia 

da samuSaos etapobrivad daZleva moiTxovs moqmedebis saopero 

studiis scenaze gadatanas da sistematur sceniur mu- 

Saobas, romlis paraleluradac diriJori-pedagogi Caatarebs 

SemRerebebs koncertmaisteris da Semdgom orkestris 

TanxlebiT. 

studentis gemovnebis Camoyalibebas pasuxismgeblobiT 

unda movekidoT. imTaviTve SevaCvioT studenti, rom esa 

Tu is xasiaTi gansxvavebuli bgeris elferiT iqnas gadmocemuli, 

ris safuZvelsac gmirTa araerTgvarovani da sxvadasxva 

epoqis problemebiT datvirTuli dramaturgiac iZleva. 

saWiroa bgeris povna, Semdgom ki misi swor dinamikaSi warmarTva 

da bolomde SenarCuneba. ai, es gaxlavT momRerlisa 

da misi gmiris dramaturgiul konteqstSi gaSuqebis kvintensencia. 

studentebs Tavidanve unda STavagonoT, rom warmateba 

didi SromiT miiRweva da rom isini miRweuls Aar unda dajerdnen. 

164

artistizmis da srulyofilebis gareSe warmoudgenelia 

xmam xangrZliv datvirTvas gauZlos. es damRleli, nervuli 

da saxmo datvirTvaa gansakuTrebiT iseTi partiebis 

Sesrulebis dros, romlebic maRal tesituraSi Sesrulebas 

da gmirTa saxeebis gasaxsnel eqspresiulobas moiTxoven. mas 

Semdeg, rac SeviZenT Cvens “instrumentze dakvris” (igulisxmeba 

xma) garkveul Cvevebs, mxolod calkeuli, Tundac lamazi 

notebis gamocema araa sakmarisi, saWiroa gavcdeT vokalur 

teqnikas da maSin mxatvruli realobis WrilSi moqceuli 

Cveni suliereba advilad daZlevs da gaiTavisebs yvela 

sirTules. 

unda gvaxsovdes, rom arasrulyofili teqnikuri aR- 

Wurviloba (fiziologiuri da esTetikuri aspeqtebi) iwvevs 

araswor Ffrazirebas da Tu mas davumatebT scenur Relvas, 

droTa manZilze Camogviyalibdeba nevrozi da organizmis 

saerTo moSliloba. aseT fonze gardauvalia fonastenia. 

aseTi fsiqofiziologiuri katastrofis Tavidan acileba ki 

SesaZlebelia yvela im faqtorTa, im mravalricxovan komponentTa 

gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic iqna zemoT moyvanili da 

romelTa fundamentaluri Seswavla pedagogisa da studentis 

didi Zalisxmevis da xangrZlivi, dauRalavi Sromis Sedegia. 

imisaTvis, rom axalbeda momRerali Camoyalibdes profesionalad, 

unda Seiswavlos vokaluri kulturis teqnikuri 

safuZvlebi, fiziologiuri da fsiqologiuri aspeqtebiT 

da eziaros artistizmis safuZvlebs. simRerasTan mimarTebaSi 

tito rufos xSirad mohyavda antonio kotonis sityvebi: 

ìmisaTvis, rom daamuSao adamianis xma, saWiroa gqondes 

ori cxovreba: erTi — rom iswavlo da meore — rom imRero” 

(Лесс 1983:125). 

165

166 


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2. Барсов Ю., «Вокально-исполнительские и педагогические 

принципы М. И. Глинки» Л.,1968 

3. Вербов А., «Техника постановки голоса». Л. 1931 

4. «Вопросы Вокальной педагогики» выпуск 7. М. 1984 

5. «Вопросы Вокальной педагогики» Л. 1982 

6. Гарсиа Мануэль /сын/ «Школа пения». Музгиз. 1957 

7. Герсамия И. Е., К проблеме психологии творчества певца, Тб., 

1985 

8. Горович Б., Оперный театр, Л., 1984 

9. Давыдова В., Мчедлидзе Д., «Певческое дыхание и некоторые 

советы по постановке голоса». Т., 1966 

10. Еимохин В., «мастера вокального искусства ХХ века». 

«Музыка» М. 1974 

11. Исполнительское искусство зарубежных стран. Выпуск 6 – 

Артуро Тосканини. М, 1971 

12. Коган Г., «Ферруччо Бузони». М, 1971 

13. Лаури-Вольпи Дж., «Вокальные параллели» Издательство 

«Музыка», Л. 1972 

14. Лесс А., «Титта Руффо». М. 1983 

15. Малышева Н., Вопросы Вокальной педагогики, «О работе 

певца над голосом», М., 1962. 

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18. Ольхов К., «Теоритические основы дирижёрской техники». Л. 

«Музыка» 1984 

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«Музыка» М. Л. 1966 

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Preparing Stages for Singers 

Summary 

Tamaz Tseriashvili 

Acquiring the mastership of vocal art is a very extensive and hard 

process. The goal of the given paper is to discuss the issues which are in 

relation with the technical means of vocal teaching and scene forms 

connected with the perspectives of high musical school (conservatory 

or musical academy) and later with the possibilities of opera studio. 

The present work deals with the practical advice of pedagogue – 

singer, which makes it possible to make mastering performancetechnical 

base of vocal art for students. This process includes the 

academic period from the initial stage including opera studio. 

Technical base (physiological and aesthetic aspects) requires to 

study the vocal and stage habits properly and fundamentally, they are: 

different kinds of breath, articulation, working on projection and 

phrasing, developing the habits of stage mastership, stage movement, 

working on the stage applying accessories, singing hygiene, working on 

speech, working on score, singer’s psychology and anatomy. 

167

168 

lali WeliZe 

i. s. baxis ,,kargad temperirebuli klaviri” 

da baxis epoqis klaviSebiani instrumentebi 

WeSmariti ziareba polifoniur musikasTan, romlis 

mwvervalicaa i. s. baxis Semoqmedeba — upirvelesi pirobaa nebismieri 

musikosis da miTumetes pianistis harmoniuli ganviTarebisaTvis. 

sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom i. s. baxis nawarmoebis 

swavleba erT-erTi urTulesi amocanaa musikalur pedagogikaSi. 

marTlac, Zalian bevri winaaRmdegoba gvxvdeba am kompozitoris 

musikis stilisturad daxvewili, mxatvrulad 

gamomsaxveli da srulyofili SesrulebisaTvis. mdgomareobas 

arTulebs isic, rom Urtext-Si, iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda, 

ar aris dafiqsirebuli interpretaciisaTvis saWiro mi- 

TiTebani. 

i. s. baxis saklaviro Semoqmedebis srulyofilad Sesruleba 

daxvewil inteleqts saWiroebs. 

ì. s. baxis preludiebisa da fugebis cikls `kargad temperirebul 

klavirs” sruliad gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs 

musikis samyaroSi. es aris msoflio musikaluri literaturis 

ukvdavi Sedevri. polifoniuri xelovnebis enciklopedia, 

sruli am sityvis mniSvnelobiT, misi alfa da omega; 

es aris yoveli moazrovne musikosis samagido wigni, aucilebeli 

saxelmZRvanelo mTeli sicocxlis manZilze da amave 

dros dauSreteli wyaro tkbobisa~ (Мильштеин, 1967: 3). 

beThoveni mas Tavis `musikalur biblias~ uwodebda, Sumani 

Tavisi cxovrebis mZime wuTebSi èZebda xsnas baxTan~ (iqve). 

èsaa musika, romelic gvaswavlis da gvanugeSebs~ — werda 

a. Sveiceri (Калинина, 1974: 75). 

qmnida ra am cikls, baxs hqonda garkveuli mizani. ker- 

Zod, klavirze Semsrulebeli gacnoboda yvela — 24 maJorul 

da minorul tonalobas, romelTa Soris bevri baxamde saer- 

Tod ar gamoiyeneboda. 

Zveleburi klaviSiani instrumentebis temperacia ar 

iZleoda yvela tonalobaSi dakvris saSualebas. im epoqaSi

damkvidebul naturalur wyobaSi kvinta da tercia erT tonalobaSi 

JRerda sufTad, meore tonalobaSi (romelSic bevri 

gasaRebis niSani iyo) — yalbad. baxamde, rogorc wesi, TiTqmis 

ar iqmneboda nawarmoebebi iseT tonalobebSi, rogoricaa 

si maJori, la bemol maJori, fa diez maJori, do diez ma- 

Jori da a.S., anu mravlaniSnian tonalobebSi. 

Tavisi SemoqmedebiT baxma daamtkica temperaciis axali 

sistema, romelic dResac funqcionirebs. aRniSnuli sistemis 

principia oqtavis dayofa Tormet tol naxevartonebad. 

es sistema, ra Tqma unda, arsebobda baxamde, magram praqtikulad 

ar gamoiyeneboda. mxolod baxis SemoqmedebaSi xdeba 

yvela tonalobis gawonasworeba. 

`kargad temperirebuli klaviri~ — esaa kompozitoris 

mravalwliani muSaobis Sedegi. 1722 w. baxma erT ciklad gaaerTiana 

sxvdasxva periodSi Seqmnili 24 preludia da fuga 

da misca saxelwodeba: `kargad temperirebuli klaviri anu 

preludiebi da fugebi, gatarebuli yvela tonebsa da naxevartonebSi, 

rogorc didi terciiT — do-re-mi, aseve patara- 

Ti — re-mi. dawerilia im axalgazrdebisaTvis, visac surT musikis 

swavla, aseve imaTTvis, vinc garkveul warmatebas miaRwia 

am sferoSi.~ 

22 wlis Semdeg kompozitori qmnis meore cikls saxelwodebiT 

`24 axali preludia da fuga~, romelic Sedgens 

`kargad temperirebuli klaviris~ meore nawils (toms). am 

droisaTvis temperaciis problema praqtikulad ukve gadaWrili 

iyo. ase rom, meore tomis Seqmnis mizani iyo preludiebis 

da fugebis Sekreba, tonalurad organizeba. 

preludiebis da fugebis musika aRsavsea amaRlebuli 

humanizmiT, adamianuri grZnobebiT, vnebebiT, filosofiuri 

azrovnebiT. 

àq vxvdebiT fugebs religiurs, gmiruls, melanholiurs, 

didebuls, iumoristuls, pastoralurs, dramatuls. 

maT mxolod erTi ram aqvs saerTo — esaa maTi silamaze, mSveniereba. 

rac Seexeba preludiebs — gansacvifrebelia maTi 

mravalferovneba, momxiblavoba da srulyofileba~ — ase 

axasiaTebs cnobili rusi pianisti anton rubinSteini 

(Галацкая, 1969: 59) baxis am cikls, romelsac ar SeiZleba ar 

daeTanxmo. 

169

axis am uaRresad STambeWdav ciklSi Caqsovilia uaRresad 

didi musikaluri sibrZne. maTi saSemsruleblo stili 

Sors scildeba baxis droisa da epoqis klaviSiani instrumentebis 

— klavikordisa da klavesinis SezRudul CarCoebs. 

ara erTxel dasmula sakiTxi, Tu romeli instrumentisaTvis 

daiwera `kargad temperirebuli klaviri~ da saerTod 

baxis sxva saklaviro nawarmoebebi. am kiTxvaze rom swori pasuxi 

gavceT, amisaTvis unda vicodeT, ras niSnavs sityva 

`klaviri~. ufro xSirad klavirSi igulisxmeba Tanamedrove 

fortepiano — gavixsenoT germaniidan wamosuli sityva `klavirabendi~ 

anu `safortepiano saRamo~. leqsikonSi sityva 

`Klaver” iTargmneba rogorc `fortepiano~. aqedan gamodis 

daskvna, rom `kargad temperirebuli klaviri~ dawerilia 

`klavirisaTvis~, e.i. `fortepianosaTvis~. advili dasajerebelia, 

magram aris es namdvilad ase? 

odesRac yvela klaviSiani insturmenti, maT Soris or- 

Ranic, iwodeboda `claves”, e.i. `klaviSian instrumentad~. 

msagvsi mosazreba damaxasiaTebeli iyo baxisTvisac, gansakuTrebiT 

axalgazrdobis wlebSi. dRemde ar aris dazustebuli 

— misi zogierTi adreuli saklaviro qmnilebebi dawerilia 

klavirisaTvis Tu orRanisaTvis (Мильштеин, 1967: 47). 

magram aRsaniSnavia, rom ufro mkacri da viwro gagebiT, 

baxis epoqaSi sityva klavirSi igulisxmeboda klaviSiani 

instrumenti daWimuli simebiT. esenia: Cembalo (italiuridan 

Cembalo) – franguli klavesini (clavecin), germanulad 

fliugeli (Flügel) – anu klavikordi (germanulidan clavicord). 

marTalia, arsebobda kidev fortepiano (italiuridan forte — 

xmamaRla da piano – Cumad), an kidev rogorc maSin uwodebdnen 

Hammer-klavier, romelic baxis sicocxleSi iyo Zalzed 

primitiul, Canasaxis mdgomareobaSi da xmarebaSi Semovida 

mxolod baxis gardacvalebis Semdeg. 

raRa Tqma unda, Semsrulebeli unda icnobdes zemoT 

CamoTvlil instrumentTa agebulebas da JReradobas. `swored 

maTi JReradobis realuri SegrZneba gaamdidrebs Cvens 

warmodgenas kompozitoris Semoqmedebaze, dagvexmareba zogadad 

SevarCioT gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi, dagvicavs 

170

stilisturi Secdomebisagan, gaafarTovebs Cvens smeniT horizonts” 

(Калинина, 1974: 52). 

klavikordis Rirseba da nakli aixsneba misi agebulebiT: 

klaviSze TiTis daWeris mciredi cvlilebac ki iwvevs 

bgeris Seferilobis sagrZnob gansxvavebas, vinaidan simi, 

romelsac klaviSze TiTis daWeris dros exeba metalis daboloeba 

(tangeti), moTavsebulia uSualod Semsruleblis Ti- 

Tis qveS. vinaidan klavikords ar gaaCnia araviTari gadamcemi 

meqanizmi (rogorc es ar gaaCnia klavesins da fortepianos), 

amitom instruments SeeZlo gadmoeca nebismieri dinamiuri 

cvalebadoba, xolo maTi TandaTanoba — crescendo da 

diminuendo – damokidebuli iyo Semsruleblis survilze. 

klavikordis Rirseba gaxldaT isic, rom masze SesaZlebeli 

iyo gabmulad, mReradad dakvra. klavikordis naklad iTvleboda 

susti, daxSuli bgera, Tumca es bgera iyo nazi da rbili. 

aseTi daxSuli bgera, ra Tqma unda ar gamodgeboda mTeli 

rigi polifoniuri nawarmoebebis Sesasruleblad, sadac 

yvela xmas erTian moZraobaSi unda hqonoda mkafiod gansaz- 

Rvruli gamokveTiloba. 

klavesinze bgera warmoiqmneba simze metalis firfitis, 

frinvelis frTis an sulac tyavis patara naWris SexebiT, 

romelic moTavsebulia klaviSis bolos. 

klavesins aqvs brwyinvale, mZafri, wyvetili bgera. masze 

mReradad dakvra da dinamiuri niSnebis Sesruleba SeuZlebelia. 

mas gaaCnia ori klaviatura. erTi — fortesaTvis, 

meore — pianosaTvis. es klaviatura ganlagebulia terasulad. 

cnobilia, rom baxi sargeblobda ufro srulyofili 

klavesiniT, romelsac gaaCnda klaviatura pedaliT da meqanizmi, 

romelic aerTianebda zeda da qveda klaviaturebs. 

da mainc, zemoT CamoTvlil instrumentTagan, romels 

aniWebda baxi upiratesobas, romlisTvisaa dawerili preludiebi 

da fugebi, invenciebi da simfoniebi? 

fortepiano gamoricxulia, vinaidan igi xmarebaSi Semovida 

mxolod baxis gardacvalebis Semdeg. 

arCevani dgeba klavesinsa da klavikords Soris. an SeiZleba 

vivaraudoT orRani, Tu mas ganvixilavT rogorc 

klaviSian instruments. 

am sakiTxze arsebobs mkvlevarTa sxvadsxva mosazreba. 

171

erTni fiqroben, rom baxi werda ufro klavesinisaTvis, 

vidre klavikordisaTvis. am SemTxvevaSi magaliTad mohyavT 

franguli uvertiura, italiuri koncerti da aria 30 variaciiT 

(holberg-variaciebi), romelbic baxma Seqmna or klaviaturiani 

klavesinisaTvis da romelTa klavikordze Sesruleba 

SeuZlebelia iyo. iyo mosazrebac, SeecvalaT ciklis 

saxelwodeba da daesaTaurebinaT ase: `kargad temperirebuli 

klavesini~ (arsebobs kidec Cernis `Le clavecin bien temper~). 

mokled, franguli sityva “klavecin”, ise rogorc italiuri 

“cembalo” niSnavda ara marto klavesins, aramed zogjer klaviSian 

instruments zogadad, e.i. germanul `klavirs” (iyo 

dro roca zogi piesa qvesaTauriT “pur le clavecin” an “per 

cembalo” gaTvaliswinebuli iyo klavikordisaTvis). magram 

wlebis ganmavlobaSi ufro da ufro rwmundebodnen arsebuli 

mosazrebis mcdarobaSi — gansakuTrebiT saklaviro xelovnebis 

Sesaxeb TviT baxis Sexedulebebidan gamomdinare, 

romelic mniSvnelovan wilad iyo dakavSirebuli klavikordze 

dakvris praqtikasTan. 

vanda landovskaia (cnobili poloneli klavesinisti da 

pianisti) da karl nefi (Sveicarieli musikismcodne) upiratesobas 

aniWebdnen klavesins. 

zogierTi mkvlevaris azriT, baxi upiratesobas aniWebda 

klavikords. am mosazrebas, romelic ar iyo moklebuli 

seriozuli istoriul safuZvels (kerZod, i. s. baxis erT-er- 

Ti Svilis karl filip emanuel baxis gataceba klavikordiT), 

mxars uWerdnen Zveleburi musikis gamoCenili mkvlevarebi 

Aarnold dolmetCi (mas ekuTvnis naSromi XVII-XVIII saukuneebis 

musikis saSemsruleblo Taviseburebebze) da rihard buhmaiseri 

(avtori statiisa `Cembalo Tu pianoforte~), aseve 

baxis Semoqmedebis uzado mcodne da udidesi Sesrulebeli 

feruCio buzoni, romelic cdilobda kidec saxelwodeba 

`kargad temperirebuli klaviri~ SeecvalaT saxelwodebiT 

`kargad temperirebuli klavikordi~. 

baxis `klavikordul~ simpaTiebsa da ùpiratesobaze~ 

miuTiTebs cnobili germaneli musikaTmcodne iohan forkeli, 

romelic pirapir wers, rom baxis ùsayvarlesi instrumenti 

iyo klavikordi.~ 

172

axis Semoqmedebis yvelaze cnobili da avtoritetuli 

mkvlevarebi filip Spita da albert Sveiceri nawilobriv 

TiTqos mxars uWeren forkelis mosazrebas. amave dros dabejiTebiT 

amtkiceben, rom arc klavesins da arc klavikords 

ar SeuZliaT gadmosces `kargad temperirebuli klaviris~ 

arc Sinaarsobrivi siRrme da arc bgeriTi mravalferovneba. 

Spila midis ufro Sors da amtkicebs, rom mxolod Tanamedrove 

fortepianos ZaluZs es gaakeTos adekvatur formaSi. 

baxis nawarmoebTa kalvikordul upiratesobas ewinaaRmdegeba 

Semdegi faqtorebi. 

pirveli: `kargad temperirebuli kalviris~ mTeli rigi 

preludiebi da fugebi (aseve partitebi, inglisuri suitebi, 

qromatuli fantazia da fuga) Tavisi bgeriTi diapazoniT 

scdeba baxis droindeli klavikordis moculobas. maSasadame, 

isini dawerilia ufro didi moculobis instrumentisaTvis. 

aseTi instrumenti im dros iyo klavesini. 

meore faqtori — erTaderTi dinamiuri aRniSnvna, romelic 

baxma dasva `kargad temperirebul klavirSi~ — “piano” 

da “forte” preludiaSi gis-moll meore tomidan — aSkarad metyvelebs 

musikis klavesinur xasiaTze. 

mesame faqtori — baxis mTeli rigi saklaviro qmnilebani: 

franguli uvertiura, italiuri koncerti, aria 30 variaciiT 

— specialurad dawerilia klavesinisaTvis, razec miu- 

TiTebs satitulo furcelze TviT baxis xeliT miwerili avtografi. 

meoTxe faqtori — baxis epoqaSi klavikords ar gaaCnda 

gamomsaxvelobisa da bgeriTi moqnilobis is xarisxi, romelic 

man SeiZina ufro mogvianebiT, amitom baxisaTvis is ver 

iqneboda saimedo dasayrdeni preludiebisa da fugebis mxatvruli 

Sinaarsis srulyofilad gaxsnisaTvis. baxis periodis 

klavikordi aSkarad uTmobda adgils klavesins srulyofilebis 

TvalsazrisiT. miT umetes, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imasac, 

rom uZvelesi droidan polifoniuri xelovneba ufro 

dakavSirebuli iyo klavesinTan, vidre klavikordTan. 

mexuTe faqtori — insturmentebi, romlebic baxma Tavisi 

anderZis Tanaxmad memkvidreobiT dautova Tavis Svilebs 

— umeteswilad aris klavesinebi. es faqti xazs usvams im ga- 

173

emoebas, rom baxi garkveul upiratesobas swored am instruments 

aniWebda. 

da bolos, TviT baxi srulyofilad flobda rogorc 

klavesinze, aseve klavikordze dakvris teqnikas. da misi sa- 

Semsruleblo diapazoni Sors scdeba orive instrumentis 

CarCoebs. 

zogierTi mkvlevaris azriT, arsebobs mesame versia, 

romlis Tanaxmad arc klavikordi da arc klavesini, aramed 

orRania is instrumenti, romlisTvisac Seiqmna `kargad temperirebuli 

klaviri~. am versias gansakuTrebuli TavgamodebiT 

icavda holandieli hans brandt-baizi, romelmac dawera 

wigni `kargad temperirebuli klaviris~ Sesaxeb. aseTi 

daskvnisaTvis misTvis sakmarisi aRmoCnda `kargad temperirebuli 

klaviris~ erT-erT xelnawerSi (sxvaTa Soris, rogorc 

brandt-baizi aRniSnavs, arc Tu ise sarwmuno) moTavsebuli 

aRniSvna “manualiter” da pirveli nawilis da minoruli 

fugis daskvniTi nawili (saorRano punqti ,,la”-ze). 

Tu daveyrdnobiT am versiis utyuarobas, maSin isic unda 

aRiniSnos, rom sityva “manualiter” aseve SeiZleba exebodes 

klavesinsac, xolo la minoruli fugis saorRano punqtis 

JReradobisaTvis sulac ar aris savadebulo maincdamainc 

organi. sxvaTa Soris, albert Svaiceri konkretulad am fugis 

Sesaxeb wers, rom is dawerilia pedaliani klavesinisaTvis. 

aqve ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos is Sinagani dapirispireba, 

romelic arsebobs saorgano da saklaviro piesebs Soris. 

saklaviro piesebi ara marto ar JRers srulyofilad organze, 

aramed kargavs misTvis damaxasiaTebel mxatvrul da bgeriT 

gamomsaxvelobas. 

is preludiebi da fugebi, romlebic ufro mReradi, gamosaxvelobiTi 

xasiaTisaa (da aseTia umetesoba) ukeTesad 

JRers klavikordze, vidre klavesinze. xolo brwyinvale, 

mkafio preludiebi da fugebi (aseTebic blomad gvxvdeba) 

ukeTesad JRers klavesinze, vidre klavikordze. da bolos 

Zalian mcire nawili preludiebisa da fugebisa SeiZleba gaJ- 

Rerdes ukeTesad orRanze. 

174

da bolosdabolos, romeli insturmentisaTvis daiwera 

`kargad temperirebuli klaviri~ da romel instruments ani- 

Webda upiratesobas TviT baxi? 

xom dasaSvebia aseTi versiac, rom baxma zogi maTgani Caifiqra 

klavikordisaTvis, xolo zogi klavesinisaTvis? 

(sxvaTaSoris am azrisaa a. Sveiceric). an kidev SeiZleba baxi 

Tanabari warmatebiT ukravda sxvadasxva instrumentebze: 

ufro saSinao da intimur atmosferoSi klavikordze, xolo 

ufro did auditoriaSi — ufro JRerad, mkafio Cembaloze? 

an kidev preludiebi da fugebi daiwera klavirisaTvis — am 

sityvis ufro farTe gagebiT, e.i. yvelanairi klaviSiani instrumentisaTvis, 

romelic ki gavrcelebuli iyo im droisaTvis 

— klavikordisaTvis, klavesinisaTvis, orRanisaTvis? 

an kidev gaTvlili iyo romeliRc idealuri klaviSiani instrumentisaTvis, 

romelic jer ar arsebobda, magram arsebobda 

mis warmosaxvaSi? 

sxvebaTan SedarebiT ufro mniSvnelovani da mxatvruli 

TvalsazrisiTac ufro gamarTlebulia bolo ori versia. 

pirveli versiis Sesaxeb sainteresod da mTeli sisruliT 

wers erven bodki Tavis wignSi `baxis saklaviro nawarmoebTa 

interpretacia~. misi azriT, baxis epoqaSi sityva `klaviri~ 

niSnavda `klaviSian instruments~, maSasadame, klavirisaTvis 

Seqmnili nawarmoebebi Seqmnilia sxvadasxva saxis klaviSiani 

instrumentisaTvis — klavesinisaTvis, klavirisaTvis 

da orRanisaTvis. 

Tavisi Sexedulebis dasamtkiceblad bodki iSveliebs 

TviT baxis mier klavirisaTvis gamocemuli krebulis dasa- 

Taurebas “Klavierübung”, romelic Sedgeba oTxi nawilisagan. 

pirveli nawili moicavs piesebs, romlebic dawerilia klavikordisa 

da klavesinisaTvis. meore da meoTxe nawili — piesebs 

klavesinisaTvis ori manualiT, xolo mesame — piesebs 

mxolod orRanisaTvis. aqedan gamomdinare, bodki Tvlis, 

rom TviT ciklis saxelwodeba `kargad temperirebuli klaviri~ 

ukve gulisxmobs, rom isini dawerilia klavesinis, klavikordis 

da orRanisaTvis da iqve aRniSnavs, rom es ar gulisxmobs 

rom erTi da igive piesebia dawerili samive instrumentisaTvis; 

aramed igulisxmeba, rom zogi dawerilia 

klavesinisaTvis, zogi klavikordisaTvis da zogic orRani- 

175

saTvis. wignis specialur danarTSi bodki miuTiTebs yoveli 

preludiisa da fugis insturmentalur bunebas (Мильштеин, 

1967: 54). 

bodkis pozicias iziarebs cnobili musikosi a. korto. 

Tumca bolos daaskvnis, rom baxis mTeli rigi saklaviro nawarmoebebebisaTvis, 

da maT Soris bevri preludiisa da fugisaTvis, 

damaxasiaTebelia saorgano JReradoba da Semsrulebelma 

unda gaiTvaliswinos, warmosaxos es JReradoba. 

meore versias, rom baxi werda preludiebsa da fugebs 

farTo SesaZleblobebis klaviSiani instrumentisaTvis (da 

is instrumentia Tanamedrove fortepiano), asabuTebs august 

Spita (germaneli musikaTmcodne), igive azrisaa keleri 

(aseve germaneli musikaTmcodne) (Мильштеин, 1967: 55). 

Tavis poziciaSi keleri amtkicebs, rom baxis yvela saklaviro 

nawarmoebebi (garda franguli uvertiuruisa, italiuri 

koncertisa da ariisa 30 variaciiT — eseni Seqmnilia 

mxolod da mxolod or manualiani klavesinisaTvis) stilistikurad 

neitraluria da maTi insturmentaluri buneba gaurkvevelia 

(im TvalsazrisiT, rom SeuZlebelia isini miakuTvno 

mxolod erT romelime instruments; albaT ufro 

upriania aq igulisxmo nebismieri klaviSiani instrumenti). 

amgvarad, Tuki bodki Tvlis, rom piesebis erTi nawili 

dawerilia romelime erTi instrumentisaTvis — vTqvaT kalvesinisaTvis, 

meore nawili klavikordisaTvis, xolo mesame 

nawili orRanisaTvis, keleri, piriqiT, amtkicebs, rom arc 

erTi, arc meore da arc mesame, aramed yvela instrumentisaTvis 

erTad. 

keleris azriT, am mosazrebas adasturebs da amtkicebs 

is, rom baxis epoqaSi arsebuli arc erT klaviSian instruments 

ar SeeZlo daekmayofilebina fugebis genialuri Semqmneli, 

vinaidan arc erT maTgans ar SeeZlo gadmoeca mTeli 

siRrmiT misi musikaluri azrovneba. 

zemoTqmuli azris gasamtkiceblad sakmarisia moviyvanoT 

is faqti, rom rogorc cnobilia, TviT baxi sicocxlis 

bolomde ar wyvetda axali konstruqciis mqone klaviSiani 

instrumentis Ziebas. ase magaliTad, cnobilia, rom igi interesiT 

adevnebda Tvalyurs cnobili ostatis- goTfrid 

176

zilbermanis muSaobas, romelic cdilobda Seeqmna CaquCiani 

sistemis klavesini. cnobilia agreTve, rom baxma aseve cnobil 

ostats zaqaria hildebraunds SeukveTa gansakuTrebuli 

klavesini — lutna. da bolos, TviT baxma gamoigona klavesini, 

romelsac gaaCnda ori mwkrivi nawlavis simiT (bgeris 

xangrZlivobisaTvis) da erTi mwkrivi metalis simiT (bgeris 

oqtaviT gaormagebisaTvis). 

sayuradReboa, rom sami klaviSiani insturmentis (klavikordi, 

klavesini, fortepiano) arasrulyofileba aiZulebda 

baxs Tavisi genialuri intuiciiTa da SorsmWvretelobiT 

efiqra, rom momavali aris jer ar arsebul instrumentze 

da rom es momavali arc ise Sorsaa. swored aseTi klavirisaTvis, 

romelSic Serwymuli iqneboda klavesinis, klavikordisa 

da orRanis saukeTeso Tvisebebi, Seqmna baxma Tavisi 

preludiebi da fugebi (da ara marto es nawarmoebebi). 

albaT amitomaa, rom baxis preludiebi da fugebi, iseve 

rogorc sxva saklaviro qmnilebebi, ase araCveulebrivad miesadageba 

Tanamedrove insturments — fortepianos. swored 

am instrumentze JRers es qmnilebebi saukeTesod, Tu gnebavT 

`sworad~, da rom baxis saklaviro SemoqmedebaSi ar aris 

zRvari klavesinur da klavikordul musikas Soris da aq baxi 

warmogvidgeba mTeli Tavisi arsebiTa da sisruliT, mTeli 

Tavisi mxatvruli mravalferovnebiTa da kanonebiT, romelic 

man daawesa da romelTaTvisac ucxoa viwro instrumentaluri 

CarCoebi. 

amitom baxis preludiebi da fugebi Seucvleli masalaa 

praqtikul saqmianobaSi. isini erTnairi sisruliT gamoiyeneba 

sxvadasxva klaviSian instrumentze — klavesinze, klavikodrze, 

fortepianoze, orRanze — isini saSualebas iZleva 

yvela am instrumentisagan `gamowuros~ mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobiTi 

saSualebebis maqsimumi da amave dros maTi mxatvruli 

Sianaarsobrivi simdidre amouwuravia. 

swored amitomaa baxis `kargad temperirebuli kalviri~ 

Seucvleli da sasargeblo masala yoveli SemsruleblisaTvis. 

177

178 


1. Галацкая В., Музыкальная литература зарубежных стран. М,. 

“Музыка”, 1969 

2. Калинина Н., Клавирная музыка И.С. Баха в фортепианном классе. Л., 

Музыка, 1974 

3. Мильштеин Я., Хорошо темперированный клавир И.С. Баха. М,. 

“Музыка”, 1967 

4. Швейцер А., Иоган Себастиан Бах. М,. “Музыка”, 1965 

I. S. Bach’s ,,Well-temperated Klavire” and Keyboard 

Instruments of Bach’s Period 

Summary 

Lali Chelidze 

In my work there is briefly presented the structure of instruments of 

Bach’s period and characteristics of sound arising from this structure, ways of 

their development which lead us to the modern keyboards and composer’s 

attitude to these instruments. 

The work gives examples of views and opinions of different musicians 

and researchers about for which instruments Bach wrote his works in the 

,,Well-temperated Klavire” and in his other works.

irina xerJi 

etiudis Janris saSemsruleblo Taviseburebani 

etiudi mcire formis instrumentuli piesaa, romelic, 

rogorc wesi, efuZneba Sesrulebis romelime Zneli xerxis 

xSirad gamoyenebis princips Sesrulebis teqnikis srulyofisaTvis. 

etiudis Janrs safuZveli Cauyara iohan sebastian 

baxma. misi zogierTi preludiebi ,,kargad temperirebuli 

klaviridan” (C dur, c moll, D dur, G dur) — etiudis safuZvlebs 

warmoadgens. 

domeniko skarlatim (1685-1757) Seqmna Tavisi sonatebi, 

rogorc ,,mxatvruli etiudebi” da ar eZebda maTSi Rrma Sinaarss. 

etiudis Sesrulebis Tavisuflebas Tavisi xangrZlivi 

istoria aqvs. jer kidev XVI saukuneSi es sakiTxi saorgano da 

saklaviro xelovnebis ostatebma wamoswies. XVIII saukuneSi 

fortepianos gamoyenebis da misi srulyofis pirobebSi gansakuTrebuli 

interesiT ekidebodnen saSemsruleblo xelovnebas. 

XVI saukunis organisti jirulamo diruta traqtatSi 

,,transilvaneli“ mianiSnebs xelis, majis ganTavisuflebaze, 

instrumentTan jdomis kulturaze. xelebis dayenebas, 

klaviSidan bgeris aRebas did mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen 

liSel sen lamberi (XVIIs.), fransua kupereni (1668-1733), Jan 

fillip ramo (1683-1764). baxi, traqtatSi `klavirze dakvris 

WeSmariti xelovnebis gamocdileba” (1714-1788) aRniSnavs: 

,,SeboWiloba xels uSlis yovelgvar moZraobas”. dakvraSi 

Tavisuflebad mas miaCnda SeboWilobis momentidan ganTavisufleba 

(Бирмак 1973:10). 

pirveli da saswavlo praqtikaSi axlac gamoyenebuli 

etiudebi ekuTvnis germanel pianists ioahan kramers (1771- 

1858). igi iyo organisti. misi naSromi ,,didi praqtikuli safortepiani 

skola” dawerili 1815 wels, gaxda aucilebeli 

saxelmZRvanelo SemsruleblisaTvis. krameri iyo klementis 

moswavle. 

italielma pianistma da kompozitorma mucio klementim 

(1752-1833) 1817-1826 wlebSi Seqmna etiudebi ,,gza parnasisaken”. 

kramerisa da klementis etiudebi axlac farTod ga- 

179

moiyeneba. maTSi iSviaTia mravalsaxeebiani figuraciebi, 

radgan maSin gamebi jer kidev ar gamoiyeneboda safortepiano 

pedagogikaSi. 

cnobilia, rom XIX saukunis dasawyisSi cdilobdnen sa- 

Semsruleblo teqnikis gasaumjobeseblad rTuli savarji- 

Soebis da specialuri aparaturis gamoyenebasac ki. mogvianebiT, 

robert Sumani gaxda aseTi aparaturis msxverpli, mecadineobis 

procesSi daiziana TiTi da samudamod daemSvidoba 

pianistis karieras (Бирмак, 1973:11). 

etiuds qmnidnen sxvadasxva instrumentebisTvis rodolf 

kreiceri, rode — violinosaTvis, potora — violonCelosaTvis. 

XIX saukuneSi iqmneboda gansakuTrebuli etiudis 

tipi, virtuozuli piesa publikisaTvis. 

instruqciuli etiudi — aucilebeli komponentia moswavlis 

teqnikis ganviTarebisaTvis. pianistebi bavSvobidan 

iTviseben Sites, leSgornis, berensis, Cernis etiudebs hermeris 

redaqciiT. 

TviT karl Cerni (1791-1857) 1000-ze meti etiudis avtoria. 

erovnebiT Cexi, igi venis skolaSi moRvaweobda. misi ,,simardis 

skola” Txz. 299 da 740, fortepianoze teqnikuri dakvris 

kompleqsuri Seswavlis garantia. etiudebis swavleba 

moiTxovs mudmiv, dauRalav Sromas TiToeuli etiudisTvis 

aucilebeli teqnikis dasaufleblad. aq vxvdebiT teqnikis 

sxvadasxva saxeobas — gamebi, arpejio, ormagi notebi, oqtavebi 

da a.S. Seswavlis profesionaluri xasiaTi moiTxovs 

moswavlis pianisturi ganviTarebis mudmiv yuradRebas. gansakuTrebiT 

mniSvnelovania teqnikis mravalsaxeoba: wvrili 

teqnika — treli, repeticiuli bgerebi melizmebi, gamebi, 

msxvili teqnikis xerxebi — oqtavebi, akordebi, naxtomebi. 

iohanes bramsi werda, rom Cernis ver miages saTanado 

pativi. misi skolidan gamovidnen iseTi virtuozebi, rogorebic 

arian: listi, ziloti, esipova. is iyo beThovenis mowafe, 

pianisti. mas xelewifeboda moswavleTa mxatvruli aRzrda 

profesiul daostatebasTan erTad. Cernis etiudebi 

gasaocari, virtuozuli xasiaTis piesebia, romlebic zogjer 

sakoncerto repertuarSic Sedioda. am etiudebze aRizardnen 

taneevi, safonovi, raxmaninovi, longi. stravinski 

didad afasebda Cernis etiudebs. 

180

XIX-XX saukunis gamoCenili virtuozi kompozitorebi: 

Sopeni da listi cdilobdnen erTi xelis mosmiT daekraT 

mTels klaviaturaze. Tu Cernis etiudebSi klaviSebis SedarebiT 

mcire nawili monawileobda, listisa da Sopenis virtuozul 

qmnilebebSi — gamebi, arpejirebuli pasaJebi, figuraciebi 

sxva daniSnulebas iZenen. isini mTeli instrumentis 

universaluri SesaZleblobebis gadmocemis saukeTeso saSualebebia. 

roials miandes Sopenma da listma TavianTi azrebi 

da grZnobebi. maT gaafarToves am instrumentis dinamiuri 

da masStaburi saSualebebi. 

didi poloneli kompozitoris 27 etiudSi gamoyenebulia 

axali pianisturi teqnikis mravalmxrivi saSualebebi. 

yovel axal etiudSi axali, individualuri, ganumeorebeli 

pasaJebia mocemuli. man SeinarCuna Zveli klasikuri skolis 

saukeTeso niSnebi. misi etiudebi ar aris savarjiSo virtuozobis 

misaRwevad. SeiZleba Sopens surda Tavisi virtuozuli 

miRwevebis sistematizacia, magram Sedegma gadaaWarba mizans. 

Sopenma Seqmna axali Janri safortepiano literatura- 

Si, misi yoveli etiudi mxatvrulad erTiani dramaturgiuli 

nawarmoebia. yoveli maTgani cxovrebis arsis gaazrebaa, yofierebis 

tragizmia, vaJkacuri winaaRmdegobrivi brZolis 

saxea. 

pirveli rveuli 1833 wels gamovida da igi mieZRvna ferenc 

lists. am krebulSi Sesuli etiudebi mxatvruli CanafiqriT 

sxvadasxvagvaria. yoveli etiudis safuZveli mxolod 

erTi saxea, zogierTi etiudi aris kontrastuli. 

etiudebi Txz. 10 masStaburia magram mkacri. SeiZleba 

SevadaroT baxis C dur preludias ,,kargad temperirebuli 

klaviridan”. etiudi Txz. 10 #2 a moll qromatiulia, erTi SexedviT, 

ubralo amocanas emsaxureba — me-4-5 TiTebis savarjiSoa. 

kargi pianistis Sesrulebisas ki iRvreba vercxlisferi 

bgeriTi talRa. 

etiudi Txz. 10 #4 cis-moll — erTiani Cqari tempi, registrebis 

cvalebadoba, yvelaferi sruldeba msubuqi tuSeTi. 

etiuds axlavs koda. gvxvdeba faruli mravalxmianobis elementebi. 

marcxena xelis partia xels ar unda uSlides marjvena 

xelis mizanmimarTul moZraobas. pedali unda iyos 

181

Zunwad gamoyenebuli. ligebis xasiaTi mTlianad eTanxmeba 

xelis moZraobas. 

etiudi Txz. 10 #5 sruldeba Sav klaviSebze. marjvena 

xelis partiaSi mocemul brwyinvalebas, mxiarulebas, upirispirdeba 

mSvidi elementebi marcxena xelSi. 

etiudi Txz. 10 #7 C dur – tokaturi etiudis tipia. Txz. 

10 #8 da Txz. 25 #3 savsea sicocxlis siyvaruliT, energiiT. 

etiudi Txz. 10 #9 f moll – Zlieri, amaRelvebeli, mZafri, 

aCqarebuli dialogebia, ismis “eqo” ganmeorebebi sxvadasxva 

registrebSi. 

etiudi Txz. 10 #12 erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli 

etiudia, romelic poloneTSi ajanyebis CaxSobas mieZRvna. 

masSi dramatuli, revoluciuri paTosi igrZnoba. melodia 

ibadeba sami maRali ,,do” notiT, marcxena xeliT Zlieri pasaJis 

fonze. fortesa da pianos cvlileba qaris grialis 

STabeWdilebas axdens, es etiudi formis da Sinaarsis Serwymis 

ubadlo nimuSia. 

Txz. 25 #1 H dur – iZleva wyalSi mzis sxivebis brwyinvalebis 

asociacias. rimski-korsakovi ambobda, `harmonia mReris 

am etiudSio”. boris asafievis azriT ki Sopenma daamtkica, 

rom ,,roiali tembris kalamia”. etiudSi TiToeuli akordi 

ismis mTlianad, Tumca argumentirebuli akordebis Tanabari 

moZraoba Zlivs aRiqmeba yuriT. 

Txz. 25 #2 f moll – es etiudi iTvleba Sopenis satrfos 

maria voZinskis musikalur portretad. es Zalian poeturi 

da unazesi saxe teqnikurad sruldeba “Perpetum mobile”-s 

anu mudmivi moZraobis principiT. 

etiudi Txz. 25 #5 e moll – msubuqi, zusti ritmiT mazurkas 

uaxlovdeba. am kompoziciis ZiriTadi mizani varirebaa. 

Txz. 25 #6 gis moll – poeturi ganwyobilebis es etiudi 

teqnikurad rTuli dasaZlevia – TiTqos samSoblodan gandevnili 

poloneli midis gadasaxlebaSi da quCis zarebis 

xmebi miacilebs. SeiZleba es sinamdvile ar iyos, magram Semodgomis 

an zamTris peizaJi mainc igrZnoba. etiudi ormagi 

terciebis monacvleobazea agebuli, kargi legatosaTvis 

rTuli amplitudaa. 

182

etiudi Txz. 25 #8 Des dur – orive xelSi seqstebis moZraoba, 

teqnikurad Zalian rTuli Sesasrulebelia, Tumca 

pirvel planze mainc mxatvruli saxea. 

Txz. 25 #10 – ormag oqtavebs win aRudgeba axali Tema. 

oqtavebis moZraoba SenarCunebulia, magram musikis xasiaTi 

arsebiTad sxvaa – lirikuli. 

etiudi a moll #11 erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawarmoebia. 

Sopenis am nawarmoebs ar hyavs badali. igi pianistisagan 

moiTxovs did daZabulobas, TavSekavebulobas, Ziri- 

Tadi Temis paTetikuri heroikis Serwymas marjvena xelis pasaJebTan. 

stiqiuri Zala Seefereba mis dasaxelebas ,,zamTris 

grigali”. dasawyisSi oTxtaqtiani fraza ismis rogorc fanfarebi, 

Semdeg rogorc mkacri qorali. Semdeg marSismagvari 

xasiaTi Zlier STabeWdilebas axdens, raRac saerTo aqvs 

beThovenis ,,apasionatis” finalTan. es etiudi uaxlovdeba 

saorkestro musikas, gamoirCeva bgeris palitris simdidriT. 

marcxena xelis partia ori xmisagan Sedgeba. 

krebulSi gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs nel etiudebs: 

etiudi Txz. 10 #3 lirikuli etiudia. TviT Sopeni 

Tvlida, rom masze ukeTesi melodia ver Seqmna. sasimRero xasiaTis 

lirikul xasiaTs upirispirdeba dramatulia Sua epizodi. 

etiudi es-moll Txz. 10 #6 — romantikuli elegiaa, lirikuli 

fiqri. qromatizmi aniWebs wuxilis elfers. 

etiudi cis–moll Txz. 25 #7 – lirikuli duetia, elegiuri 

ganwyobis, gansakuTrebulia centraluri epizodi (poco a 

poco cres.). skriabini ambobda am etiudze: ,,axla ki momeciT 

vigrZno momdinre aromati keTilsurnelovani baRidan oTax- 

Si. didia listis roli etiudis Janris gardaqmnaSi. listis, 

iseve rogorc Sopenis etiudebi — miekuTvneba am Janris saukeTeso 

qmnilebebs. jer kidev 16 wlis asakSi Seqmna axalgazrda 

listma 48 etiudisagan Semdgari cikli yvela tonaloba- 

Si, romelTaganac gamoaqveyna 12. etiudebi Camohgavda Cernis, 

misi maswavleblis etiudebs, romelsac man miuZRvna isini. 

12 wlis Semdeg listi isev miubrunda am etiudebs, gadaamuSava 

da gadaakeTa “did etiudebad”, romlebic “umaRlesi 

183

teqnikuri xelovnebis etiudebis“ saxelwodebiT gamoqveynda 

1852 wels. iq 12-dan 10-ma etiudma miiRo programuli saxelwodebebi. 

etiudebi gansxvavebulia teqnikuri xerxebiT 

da SinaarsiT. maTSi mocemulia teqnikis 4 saxe: 1. akordebi. 2. 

tremolo. 3. ormagi notebi. 4. gamebi da arpejio. 

listi etiudebs Tavis sayvarel pirmSos uwodebda. 

“umaRlesi teqnikuri xelovnebis ostatoba” — es aris roca 

teqnika poetur ideasTan kavSirSia. 

#1 C dur – Tavisufali improvizaciis xasiaTia. 

#2 a moll – dawerili paganinis kaprisebis mixedviT, 

efeqturi, mTel klaviaturaze mkveTri disonansebiT, tokaturi 

SemarTebiT. 

#3 F dur – peizaJi, naTeli, kolorituli, poeturi, liriuli. 

#4 `mazepa” d-moll – hiugos leqsze Seqmnili dramatuli 

etiudia. masSi daxatulia axalgazrda hetmani im sabediswero 

momentSi, roca cxenis zurgze mikruli mazepa unda gaaqrolos 

cxenma, romelsac urtyamen maTraxs. ismis maTraxis 

dartymis xma, dacema, maTraxis dartyma – arpejio, Weneba 6/4, 

4/4, 6/8, 2/4 enacvleba erTmaneTs. 

SuagulSi gamoCndeba nazi, liriuli intonaciebi, Semdeg 

isev energiis mozRvaveba, axlovdeba bolo, roca imarjvebs 

vaJkacoba, gaismis gamarjvebis xmebi, iwyeba triumfaluri 

etiudi, ritmis cvla, gamalebuli swrafva da kvlav iqneba 

mefed. 

#5 BB dur – moxetiale cecxlebi – fantastikuri xasiaTisaa. 

musikaSi ismis cimcimi, kamkami, ciali, msubuqi afrena, 

qromatiuli pasaJebi iTxovs poetur STagonebas. 

#6 g-moll – “xilva” dakrZalvis suraTi, svla-pompezuroba, 

sazeimo ganwyoba. 

#7 – heroika, aqvs saorkestro xasiaTi, brwyinvale heroikuli 

marSi. 

#8 “veluri nadiroba” – lirikuli, fantastikuri, gaSmagebuli 

musika, Tema fortissimo narcatissimo”iTxovs etiudis 

fizikur daZabulobas, 

moulodneli aqcentebi, sadac isini ar iyo mosalodneli. 

184

#9 — `mogoneba” A Dur – buzoni werda: “es ramdenadme 

mokrebuli grZnobaTa samyaro gvizidavs Cven, rogorc gafermkrTalebuli 

sasiyvarulo baraTebis Sekvra, nazi mReradi 

melodia. 

#10 f-moll – usaxelo etiudi, samgloviaro oxvra, kvnesa, 

Txovna, mudara. misi xasiaTi gamoixateba tempSi “ Alegro 

ajitato molto”, mgznebare, vnebiani da daZabuli Tema gadis uwyveti 

pasaJebis TanxlebiT, mere midis vardna, ismis gulwrfeli 

Tema da sasowarkveTili yvirili “Disperato”. 

#11 Des-dur saRamos harmonia — poeturi suraTi sad- 

Rac Sors ismis didi zaris dartymis daxSuli xmebi (TviT 

listi miuTiTebs amaze). melodia gadis arfismagvari akordebis 

fonze. “Grandiozo” epizodi yvela sasicocxlo Zalebis 

gafurCqvnis simboloa. etiudi wynaria, didebuli. 

#12 b-moll “qarbuqi” — grigaliseburi moZraobis sura- 

Ti. yru bindi gadadis gaSmagebul paTetikaSi. tremolo gadmoscems 

gulisfancqals, kankals. etiudebTan erTad er- 

Tdroulad muSaobs listi paganinis kaprisebze. 

parizSi Camosvlisas listze udidesi STabeWdileba moaxdina 

ara marto Sopenis, aramed paganinis koncertebmac. imdenad 

fantastiuri iyo misi teqnika, rom am meviolines zogi 

demons, zogi ki wmindans eZaxda. aseTive teqnikis misaRwevad 

listma paganinis etiudebi fortepianosTvis gadmoitana. 

man gamoiyena 1, 5, 6, 9, 17, 24 kaprisebi da Tema Rondo meore saviolino 

koncertisTvis d-moll. 

etiudebidan gansakuTrebiT popularulia “kampanela”. 

“zarebi” — erT-erTi saukeTeso etiudia. midis TandaTanobi- 

Ti gacocxleba Temisa triolebisa da 32-trelebis meSveobiT, 

variaciis formiTaa. safuZvlad koncertis rondos Temaa. 

popularulia #6 etiudi. vnebiani 24 kaprisi. Tema variaciebiT. 

am ori etiudis garda listma teqnikis srulyofisaTvis 

Seqmna 5 skoncerto etiudi. 

popularulia “simsubuqe” ,qromatiuli, odnv SesamCnevi 

moZraoba, pasaJebi. #3 Des dur “oxvra” — etiudi savsea graciiT, 

sinaziT. mniSvnelovania pedali listis yvela etiudisaTvis. 

185

listis da Sopenis safortepiano faqturebis Sedarebisas 

Cven vxedavT saerTos da mkveTr gansxvavebasac. orive 

werda Tavisi epoqis maneriT, romantiuli maneriT, magram 

sxvadasxvagvarad. orive midioda sakuTari gziT, erTmaneTs 

akritikebdnen da imavdroulad swavlobdnen erTmaneTisagan. 

Sopenis samusiko ena Zalian bunebrivia, TavSekavebuli, 

daxvewili, araviTari mcdeloba vinmes gancvifrebis, aravi- 

Tari afeqtacia. Sopeni fortepianos poetia. Sopeni Sorsaa 

virtuozobis viwro, zerele gagebisagan. SopenisTvis pirvel 

rigSi pasaJis suraTia, suraTis xazia, romelic SeiZleba 

iyos uwyveti an nawil-nawil daglejili, magram mainc pirvel 

adgilzea. listis pasaJis suraTi warmoadgens harmoniuli 

warmonaqmnebisagan warmoebuls. Sopenis pasaJebi eyrdnoba 

tonikuri samxmianobis Serwymas subdominanturi sferos 

xmsTan. agreTve yovelgvar pasaJebs, dafuZnebuls samxmianobis 

qromatiul aJRerebasTan. amis magaliTia etiudi a-moll 

Txz. 10 #2, a-moll Txz. 25 #11. 

Sopenis harmonia melodiuri gadaxlarTvebis da qvexmebis 

Sedegad izrdeba. listisaTvis harmonia upirvelesia, 

romelic Sobs suraTis melodiurobas. Sopens arasdros 

aviwydeba fortepianos specifiuroba listisagan gansxvavebiT, 

romelic pirvel rigSi saorkestro instrumentebis xmianobas 

iyenebs. mas xSirad aqvs terminebi: quasi pirrikato, arfa, 

cell, fagotto, trombo. 

Sopenis SemoqmedebaSi, zogierT nawarmoebSi naTlad 

gvesmis violonCeli — etiudi cis-moll Txz. 25 #7, registri 

maRali xmis tembrTan erTad. 

lists axasiaTebs masiuri xmianoba. misi mizania fortepiano 

miuaxlovos orkestrs. mas aqvs uamravi oqtavuri pasa- 

Jebi, graviuruli figuraciebi orkestris efeqtis moxdenebi. 

listi ar iZleva specifiuri etiudis xasiaTs, roca Sopens 

es problema gadaWrili aqvs. Sopens yvela etiudSi daculi 

aqvs teqnikuri faqtura. 

listis erTaderTi teqnikurad srulyofili etiudi 

aris “moxetiale cecxlebi”, is agebulia ormagi notebis xmovanebaze. 

186

aseTi etiudi aqvs talbergs — H dur Txz. 26 #12 etiudis 

krebulidan, listze metad mkacrad, magram ara aqvs is 

mdidari safortepiano xelwera, rac aqvs lists. listi did 

mniSvnelobas aniWebda etiudebis poetur Sinaarss. listis 

yvela etiudi programuli xasiaTisaa, gansxvavebiT Sopenisagan. 

arcerTi ar mimarTavda tempis metronomul aRniSvnas. 

lists ufro metad aqvs miTiTeba elferze, niuansebze, did 

mniSvnelobas aniWebda aplikaturas, werda mas TveobiT. listis 

aplikatura aramarto moxerxebulia, aramed poetur azrsac 

Seesabameba. Sopeni Semsruleblisagan iTxovs gansakuTrebul 

Tvisebebs, gansakuTrebul artistul kulturas, daxvewilobas. 

Sopenis romantiuli aRgzneba arasdros ar gadadis 

Teatralur paTosSi, rac damaxasiaTebelia listisaTvis. 

listi Sopens werda: `garegani sinaze, moxdeniloba isea 

damaxasiaTebeli SopenisaTvis, rogorc sulierio” 

(Мильштейн, 1987: 122). listma da Sopenma Seqmnes Sedevrebi — 

etiudebi. netarebis mwvervalebia nebismieri pianistisTvis 

maTi Sesruleba. 

XIX-XX saukune aRiniSneba liadovis, arenskis, glazunovis, 

raxmaninovis, skriabinis, debiusis, stravinskis, prokofievis, 

mesianis etiudebis gamoCeniT. maT aqvT axali midgoma 

fortepianos gamomsaxvelobiTi da teqnikuri SesaZleblobebisadmi. 

mxatvruli etiudis Seqmnas didi biZgi da stimuli 

misca paganinis violinosaTvis Seqmnilma 24 kaprisma. 

Sumanma da bramsma gaakeTes maTi gardaqmna fortepianosaTvis. 

yvela Taviseburad akeTebda etiudis Janris interpretacias. 

Sumanma Tavisi “simfoniuri etiudebi” Seqmna rogorc 

variaciebis cikli erT Temaze, usasrulod sxvadasxvagvari 

da amave dros ganviTarebis erTianobiT Sekruli, 

sazeimo finalisken miswrafebiT. 

raxmaninovis “etiudebi-suraTebi” wyvets erTidaimave 

teqnikur amocanas, romelic Serwymulia naTel, gamomsaxvel 

musikasTan. 

XX s-is dasawyisSi etiudebis stilistika icvleba. virtuozuli 

sawyisi ukavSirdeba romantiul aRmafrenas, energias, 

garkveulobis Zalas. aseTia prokofievis etiudebi, dawerili 

1909 wels. 

187

188 


1. Алексеев, Из истории фортепианной педагогики Музична 

украина, 1974 

2. Бирмак, O художественной технике, М., ,,Музыка”, 1973 

3. Мильштейн, Очерки о Шопене, М., ,,Музыка”, 1987 

4. Мильштейн, Этюды Листа, М., ,,Музыка”, 1961 

5. Ященко, Этюды Шопена, М., ,,Музыка”, 1973 

Technical Characteristics of the Etude Genre 

Summary 

Irina Kherj 

In my work the evolution of genre of etudes is considered since 

its creation until the period of Romantism and its greatest significance 

in the development of pianism.

saxelovnebo ganaTleba 

vladimer bibileiSvili 

msaxiobis Sinagani fsiqoteqnika 

gegma 

pirveli Sexvedra jgufTan. 

scenuri yuradReba. 

kunTebis Tavisufleba. 

SemoqmedebiTi gamarTleba da fantazia, sagulisxmo vi- 

Tareba. 

scenuri damokidebuleba da faqtis Sefaseba. 

simarTlis grZnoba da kontroli, fizikuri moqmedebebis 

maxsovroba. 

scenuri moqmedeba, scenuri amocana da grZnoba. 

scenuri urTierToba. 

pirveli Sexvedra jgufTan 

jgufTan pirveli SexvedrisTanave viwyebT varjiSs msaxiobis 

ostatobaSi ise, rom studentebi verc ki mixvdnen imas, rom 

maT aswavlian msaxiobis profesias. maT ar veubnebiT: „axla Cven 

viwyebT varjiSs Sinagan fsiqoteqnikaSi“, aramed veubnebiT: „movawyoT 

saswavlo naxevarwre“, - es aris pozicia, romelzec ganlagdebian 

studentebi yovel mecadineobaze, isini sxdebian skamebze 

naxevarwred, pedagogis magidis win, rac sabaleto skola- 

Si - dazgaa, sportSi - Sveduri kedeli, CvenTan ki saswavlo naxeverwrea. 

mecadineoba iwyeba „idealuri naxevarwris“ mowyobiT. 

amis Semdeg unda movTxovoT klasis wesrigSi moyvana. pirvel 

mecadineobaze imarTeba savarjiSo „SabaToba“, es aris saorganizacio-mosawyobi 

savarjiSo. es erT-erTi umartivesi da 

189

SeiZleba yvelaze tevadi wvrTnis reJimia. mivmarTavT studentebs: 

„ra aris Tqvens irgvliv? yvelaferi wesrigSia? risi Secvla 

gsurT? gaitaneT sagnebi, nivTebi, romlebic uwesrigobas 

qmnian”. klasSi unda iyos sisufTave, simyudrove, siCume, unda 

Seiqmnas pirobebi, romlebic SemoqmedebiT ganwyobas Seqmnis. es 

aucilebelia SemoqmedebiTi TviTSegrZnebis Sesaqmnelad. 

ubralo savarjiSo „SabaToba“, Tavis TavSi flobs Sors 

gamiznul pedagogiur zraxvebs. garda imisa, rom amyarebs klas- 

Si disciplinas, studentebs uRvivebs esTetikur grZnobebs, 

zrdis maTSi samuSao pirobebisadmi mzrunvel damokidebulebas, 

wesrigis Cvevas, rac ase mniSvnelovania Semoqmedi adamianisaTvis. 

amas garda, saswavlo wrTvnaSi CarTavs grZnobis organoebs. 

am miamituri savarjiSoTi Cven SeumCnevlad viwyebT aRqmis 

organoebis wrTvnas. mowesrigebis Semdeg unda vuTxraT 

studentebs, rom yuradReba miaqcion rogor dgas skamebi naxevarwreSi, 

rogor ajobebs maTi ganlageba feris, formis, sazurgis 

simaRlis mixedviT, skamebi xom yovelTvis erTnairi ar aris, 

aqac wesrigia saWiro. es savarjiSo kidev erT mizans emsaxureba 

- aRzardos grZnoba, sivrcisa da elementTa harmoniis SegrZneba. 

klasis wesrigSi moyvana, dawyebuli pirveli mecadineobidan, 

mTeli saswavlo wlebis manZilze gasdevs saswavlo kurss da pedagogis 

Sexsenebis gareSe sruldeba. amas garda, savarjiSo „SabaToba“ 

xels uwyobs iseTi mniSvnelovani aqtioruli Tvisebis 

aRzrdas, rogoricaa scenuri sifaqize. aseTi savarjiSoebiT 

ufro adre mivalT xelovnebamde, vidre rTuliT. 

„SabaTobis“ Semdeg moswavleebs winadadeba eZlevaT, dasxdnen 

naxevarwreSi gvarebis alfabeturi TanmimdevrobiT, magram 

isini ase ver dasxdebian, vinaidan jer sakmaod ar icnoben 

erTmaneTs. maSin maT vTxovT, daasaxelon TavianTi gvarebi im 

TanmimdevrobiT, rogorc sxedan naxevarwreSi. „devaZe“, Semdegi 

„mgelaZe“, „jiqia“ - ara, ase ara, gaimeoreT winaT dasaxelebuli 

gvarebi da Semdeg miumateT Tqveni gvari - „devaZe“, „devaZe, mgelaZe“, 

„devaZe, mgelaZe, jiqia“ da a.S. „nu ucqeriT mas visac asaxelebT, 

SeecadeT gonebaSi aRidginoT misi garegnoba“ - vkarnaxob 

studentebs. 

190

maT SeumCnevlad ekisrebaT rTuli movaleoba - gonebiT 

dainaxon is, viszec laparakoben, e. i. roca iZaxeben „mgelaZes“ - 

gaixsenon, warmoidginon igi. 

amrigad, irkveva, rom iseTi elementi, rogoricaa „Sinagani 

xedva“, dafiqsirda yvelaze pirvel primitiul savarjiSoSi, 

romelsac qvia „gacnoba“. savarjiSo martivia, magram masSi Sedis 

fsiqoteqnikis elementebis farTo wre. am savarjiSoSi aris 

iseTi elementebi, rogorebicaa: urTierToba, partniorTan kav- 

Siri. Tu savarjiSo sruldeba partniorisagan damoukideblad - 

Tuki droze adre wamoxta, gvian Tqva, - irRveva SeTanxmebuloba. 

savarjiSos Sesrulebisas mivmarTav students: „partniorze 

metad nu aumaRleb xmas, nu wamoxtebi, dajeqiT ise, rogorc 

Tqveni winamorbedi amxanagi, ratom daigvianeT, dagvianeba ar 

SeiZleba, unda ahyveT partniors“. 

amrigad, savarjiSoTi „gacnoba“, iwrToba yuradRebac, 

tempo-ritmi, Sinagani xedva, urTierToba. ra Tqma unda, masSi 

aris genebi aqtioruli fsiqo-teqnikis mTavari elementisa, ris- 

Tvisac mTeli es wrTvnis procesi, elementi, romelmac unda gaiaros 

yvela savarjiSoSi, martivsa da rTulSi - aris moqmedeba, 

yvelaferi moqmedebisaTvis, yvelaferi misken da misi gavliT. 

moqmedeba ganuyofelia fsiqoteqnikis sxva elementebis 

dauflebisagan, isini organulad arian dakavSirebuli cxovrebaSi. 

Sedegianad rom vimoqmedoT, amisaTvis sul mzadyofnaSi 

unda viyoT - vucqiroT, vusminoT, vifiqroT... scenuri moqmedeba 

utyuari da mizanSewonili iqneba cocxali aRqmisa da Sefasebis 

dros. Cven ver SevZlebT gadvwyvitoT rogor moviqceT, Tu 

Cveni aRqmis organoebi - Tvalebi, yurebi, Sexeba, ynosva ar mogvawvdnian 

sakmao Zalas SefasebisaTvis. aRqmisa da Sefasebis gareSe 

ar warmoiSoba mravalferovani, gajerebuli, mkafio sura- 

Tebi da cocxali Sinagani teqsti. 

rogor gadava Sefaseba moqmedebaSi, Tu Cveni TviTSegrZneba 

ar upasuxebs sagulisxmo viTarebas, rogor ganxorcieldeba 

WeSmariti moqmedeba, Tu Cveni kunTebi SeboWilia. 

samsaxiobo ostatobaSi yvelaferi bunebrivad urTier- 

TkavSirSia ise, rogorc cxovrebaSi. moqmedeba, fsiqoteqnikis 

191

elementebi, yuradReba, kunTebis Tavisufleba, gamarTleba, damokidebuleba 

da a.S. gaerTianebulia erTian Zalisxmevad da mimarTulia 

dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad. 

martiv savarjiSoebSi imaleba fsiqoteqnikis umTavresi 

elementebi, martivi savarjiSoebi ar unda gadavaqcioT gasar- 

Tobad, Tu garTobis azrs gamoricxav, sruliad martivi savarjiSoebiT 

CaerTvebi seriozuli profesiuli Cvevebisa da Tvisebebis 

wrTobaSi. 

192 

scenuri yuradReba 

cxovrebaSi Cveni yuradReba uneblie da bunebrivia. nebiT 

Tu uneblied, nebismier wuTSi raRacis mimarT gansakuTrebuli 

yuradRebiT varT, rasac zogjer verc vamCnevT, magram es asea. 

adamianis cxovrebaSi ar moipoveba arc erTi wuTi, rom misi yuradReba 

ar iyos mimarTuli romelime obieqtisadmi. adamiani - 

subieqtia, yovelive is, rac mis garSemoa - obieqti. Cveni yurad- 

Reba SeumCnevlad gadadis erTi obieqtidan meoreze, an Sinaganad, 

romelime azrze an SegrZnebaze. 

unda aRiniSnos, rom Cveni yuradReba, mimarTuli romelime 

obieqtisadmi, erTnairi daZabulobis ar aris. ar SeiZleba, 

yvela obieqti erTnairi mniSvnelobis iyos, aucileblad raRac 

erTi iqneba gamorCeuli, mTavari, riskenac Cveni yuradReba iqneba 

mimarTuli. imas, razec Cveni yuradReba mocemul momentSi 

mimarTulia, ewodeba . mag: kiTxulobT gazeTs, 

Tqven yuradReba gadagaqvT derefnis xmaurze, ayuradebT, 

mezobelma CarTo xmamaRla magnitofoni, Tqven ketavT 

fanjrebs, geCvenebaT, rom agtkivdaT Tavi, gaxsendebaT, rom 

xval gaqvT gamocda da iwyebT mzadebas gamocdisaTvis. Tqvens 

winaSea obieqtebis jaWvi, yovel maTganze Tqveni yuradReba mipyrobilia 

raRac xarisxiT, rasac esa Tu is obieqti imsaxurebs. 

derefnis xmaurze naklebad, Tavis tkivilze metad, gamocdaze 

ufro metad da a.S. yuradRebas, mimarTuls gansazRvrul obieqtze, 

Cven vuwodebT .

unda viswavloT ara marto yuradRebis mipyroba gansaz- 

Rvruli sagnis mimarT, aramed misi „gamorTva“ da Tavisi nebiT 

gadatana sagnidan saganze. 

stanislavski Cvens yuradRebas adarebda bnel oTaxSi 

lampis Suqis rgolebs. naTeli rgoli, rogorc Cveni yuradRebis 

rgoli, SeiZleba iyos didi an patara, gaanaTos erTi romelime 

an mravali sagani. SeuZlia gazardos an Seamciros igi da 

gadaadgildes sivrceSi. Tu Tqven gWirdebaT daTvaloT, daakvirdeT 

da daimaxsovroT sagnebis ganlageba magidaze, Tqven ver 

SeamCnevT ra xdeba iatakze, karadaze, skamze. Tqveni yuradRebis 

rgoli SemosazRvruli iqneba magidiT. SeiZleba misi gafarToeba, 

Tu vTqvaT, gadawyviteT gansazRvroT avejis saerTo raodenoba 

da ganlageba oTaxSi. SeiZleba SevamciroT yuradRebis 

rgoli da sagans an romelime sagnis nawils davakvirdeT. Tu 

Tqven frCxilSi pawawina xiwvi SegesoT, raRac momentSi Tqveni 

yuradRebis rgoli SemoisazRvreba Tqveni frCxiliT. 

arsebobs yuradRebis ori saxe: yuradReba uneburi da yuradReba 

nebismieri. scenaze - nebiT, sakuTari surviliT unda 

mivmarTod, Segnebulad gavamaxviloT yuradReba arCeuli obieqtis 

mimarT, amaSia gansxvaveba cxovrebiseulsa da scenur yuradRebas 

Soris. pirvel rigSi es unari unda gavavrjiSoT. Tu 

msaxiobs es unari ara aqvs ganviTarebuli, rogorc ki aRmoCndeba 

scenaze, is an Secbundeba, „Wkneba“, an daiwyebs imis „gada- 

TamaSebas“, rasac sinamdvileSi ar grZnobs. amgvarad, „nebismieri 

obieqtis“ dakargva maSinve gamoiwvevs „darcxvenas“, gamoxatuls 

an gadaWarbebul daborkvas, mTeli organizmis SeboWvas 

an gadaWarbebul utifrobas, rac gamowveulia imis surviliT, 

rom dafaros Tavisi simorcxve. 

unda SegveZlos organulad yuradRebis mokreba obieqtze, 

mayurebelTa winaSe. 

scenuri yuradReba unda iyos: 

1. nebiTi e. i. emorCilebodes nebisyofas; 

2. organuli e. i. bunebrivi da cxovelmyofeli; 

3. mipyrobili nebayoflobiTi da sworad aRebuli obieqtisadmi. 

193

a unda iyos scenaze msaxiobis yuradRebis obieqti? is, 

rac Seadgens saTamaSo saxis yuradRebis obieqts. msaxiobis 

rolze mniSvnelovan nawils Seadgens sworad gaarkvios is obieqtebi, 

romelic ainteresebs saxes. ipovos riTi cocxlobs saxe, 

scenaze cxovrebis yovel mocemul momentSi. sceniuri yurad- 

Reba moiTxovs ostatobas, umniSvnelo, uintereso obieqti gaixados 

misTvis saintereso. msaxiobi valdebulia icodes Tavisi 

yuradRebis gataceba im obieqtiT, romliTac cxovrobs saxe. 

amis miRweva SeuZlebelia nebisyofis gareSe, romelic mimarTulia 

imaze, rom jer yuradReba moikribos obieqtze, Semdeg SemoqmedebiTad 

dainteresdes am obieqtiT. msaxiobma Tu ar Caayena 

Tavi SemoqmedebiT mdgomareobaSi, warmoudgenelia Tavisuflad 

imoqmedos scenaze, icxovros sceniur pirobebSi. nebiT 

mokrebili organuli yuradRebis gareSe SeuZlebelia SemoqmedebiTi 

mdgomareoba. amrigad, samsaxiobo xelovnebis teqnikis 

pirveli kanoni aRniSnavs: scenaze myofi msaxiobis yuradReba, 

yovel mocemul momentSi unda iyos daZabuli gansazRvrul, 

sworad monaxul, nebiT aRebul obieqtze. msaxiobis yuradRebis 

obieqtebi ganuwyvetliv icvleba da eqvemdebareba saxis Sinagani 

cxovrebis logikas. Cveni savarjiSoebi specialurad mimar- 

Tulia daZabuli yuradRebis gansaviTareblad. 

194 

savarjiSoebi 

smena: 

1. vusmenT da vimaxsovrebT ra xmauria karebs iqeT derefanSi, 

Semdeg studenti pedagogis miTiTebiT gadaerTveba da 

ismens xmaurs fanjris iqeT, kedlis iqeT da a. S. studenti CamoTvlis 

ra moismina; 

2. igive, magram yuradRebis swrafi gadarTva karidan fanjaraze, 

fanjridan kedelze; 

mxedveloba:

3. vaTveliereb kedels, vimaxsovreb rac maszea da avRwer 

danaxuls. savarjiSos rigiToba, xelmZRvaneli aZlevs niSans da 

erTi wuTis gasvlis Semdeg wyvets Tvalierebas; 

4. aTvaliereben skams; 

5. aTvaliereben merxs; 

6. aTvaliereben asanTis kolofs da a. S; 

7. vawyob magidaze ramodenime nivTs, asanTs, avtokalams, 

monetas da a.S. Semdeg studenti aTvalierebs erTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi, 

pedagogis niSanze Sebrundeba. viReb erT nivTs da 

vdeb meores adgilze, meores - pirvelis adgilze. pedagogis ni- 

Sanze studenti Semotrialdeba, man unda ganalagos nivTebi 

pirvandeli saxiT; 

8. saSinao davaleba - naklebad cnobil oTaxs an auditorias 

swrafad vaTvaliereb, vcdilob davimaxsovro, gavdivar, rac 

davimaxsovre Camovwer, Semdeg Sevdivar da vadareb Canawers; 

Sexeba: 

9. pedagogi avalebs studentebs Seexon TavianT tansacmels, 

daimaxsovron es SegrZneba, Semdeg gaixsenon es SegrZneba 

ise, rom ar Seexon tansacmels, Seexon skamis zedapirs da Seadaron 

pirvel SegrZnebas; 

10. TvaldaxuWulebma, sagnebTan SexebiT ganasxvavon er- 

TmaneTisagan ori TiTqmis msgavsi, magram sxvadasxva masalisagan 

damzadebuli sagnebi, mag. safuleebi, xurda fuli da a.S; 

11. magidaze nebismierad ganlagebul sagnebs vafarebT gadasafarebels, 

xelis SexebiT unda mivxvdeT ra sagnebia gadasafareblis 

qveS; 

ynosva: 

12. davadginoT oTaxSi suni, ganvsazRvroT raime sagnis 

suni, mag. asanTis, sanTebelas da a.S. student gogonebs eqnebaT 

raime parfiumeruli sagani, mag. sunamo. TvaldaxuWuli ynosavs 

sunamos, pedagogi ucvlis sxva sunamoTi, studentma unda ganasxvaos; 

13. „saweri manqana“, naxevar wreze inawileban anbanis yvela 

asos ani-dan hoe-mde. TiToeul monawiles Sexvdeba erTi-ori 

195

aso. Cven SevTanxmdebiT: „modiT, Tqven xarT saweri manqana, me 

(pedagogi) viwyeb beWdvas klaviSebze TiTis dartymiT, Tqven pasuxobT 

TiTis yovel dartymaze“. ramdenjerme vimeoreb frazas, 

romelic unda „davbeWdoT“, viwyeb „beWdvas“, magidaze vurtyamT 

TiTs, pasuxobs „g“, vurtyam „a“-s, vurtyam „m“-s da a.S. 

studentebi „beWdaven“; 

14. aTis daTvlamde yvela naxeverwreSi msxdomni dgebian 

da unda dadgan TavianTi skamebi ise, rom Seqmnan wre da dasxdnen 

TavianT skamebze saxiT wris SigniT. savarjiSos Sesruleba: 

akeTebs yvela, aucilebelia gavimeoroT imdenjer, sanam 

sworad ar Seasruleben am savarjiSos, e. i. Seqmnan swori formis 

wre. Caetion daTvlil droSi da dasxdnen jikavis gareSe; 

15. igive, magram qmnian samkuTxeds; 

16. igive, magram qmnian kvadrats; 

am savarjiSoebis mizania: yuradRebis gazrda, es savarji- 

Soebi anviTarebs urTierTobis grZnobasac; 

17. jgufi iyofa or Tanabar nawilad da awyobs skamebs er- 

TmaneTis sapirispirod, sxdebian skamebze da imaxsovreben TavianT 

mezoblebs, pedagogis niSanze aT TvlaSi inda adgnen uskamod, 

erTmaneTSi airion da dasxdnen sapirispiro skamebze im 

TanmimdevrobiT rogorc surT da imaxsovreben axal mezoblebs. 

aTis TvlaSi wamodgebian, ubrundebian TavianT adgils da 

sxdebian im mezoblebTan, romlebTanac adre isxdnen da a.S; 

18. a) viZaxebT erT erT students, vajenT yvelas Tvalwin, 

danarCens vavalebT, rom is aTvalieron, gamoZaxebuli aucileblad 

daimorcxvebs, eqneba SeSinebuli gamometyveleba, an sapirispirod 

zedmetad gamomwvevad moiqceva, erTi sityviT imyofeba 

„daWimulobis“ mdgomareobaSi. 

b) gamoZaxebuls vaZlevT yuradRebis obieqtad raime sagans 

da vavalebT Seiswavlos es sagani, mas TandaTan gauvlis da- 

Zabuloba, romelic hqonda winaT. morcxvoba pirvel SemTxveva- 

Si gamowveuli iyo imiT, rom gamoZaxebulis yuradRebis obieqti 

iyo Tavisi Tavi, rogorc ki igi dainteresda obieqtiT „Tavisi 

Tavis gareT“, mas ukve ar awuxebs kiTxva - rogor gamoiyureba da 

rogor STabeWdilebas axdens damswreebze; 

196

19. a) viZaxebT erT erT students, vajenT skamze yvelas 

Tvalwin da vavalebT Cumad misTvis waikiTxos gazeTi an wigni, 

danarCenebi Cumad uTvalTvaleben, garkveuli drois Semdeg vavalebT 

mogviyves wakiTxulis Sinaarsi. 

b) mas vaZlevT axal teqsts, danarCenebs vavalebT, rom ixmauron 

an iWoraon gamoZaxebulze xmamaRla, erTi sityviT Seu- 

Salon xeli. garkveuli drois Semdeg vekiTxebiT, ra SeiTvisa 

xmauris dros, vekiTxebiT ra gaigona oTaxis xmaurSi. savarji- 

Sos mizania, gavigoT, SeuZlia Tu ara students yuradReba moikribos 

yovelgvar pirobebSi, rogor aqvs ganviTarebuli „nebismieri“ 

yuradReba; 

20. gavixsenoT da movyveT gza saxlidan universitetamde 

(rogor movdiodi, ras vfiqrobdi, ram miiqcia Cemi yuradReba 

gzaSi da a.S.); 

21. gavixsenoT da avRweroT saxli, ezo, oTaxi, sayvareli 

nivTi da a.S. es savarjiSoebi anviTarebs Sinagan yuraRebas; 

22. „mizanscenis damaxsovreba“. is, vinc asrulebs savarji- 

Sos, gadis oTaxidan, naxevarwre uceb iSleba, monawileni sxdebian 

nebismierad, deben raRacas piradi „rekvizitidan“, erTi 

aTvalierebs gazeTs, meore gaSlis wigns, mesame gaexveva Tav- 

SalSi da cdilobs CaTvlimos da a.S. reJisoris niSanze, gasuli 

Semodis, mas eZleva xuTi wami, rom Sexedos da daimaxsovros mizanscena 

da kvlav tovebs oTaxs. yvela icvlis adgils da pozas. 

vaZlevT niSans, Semodis is vinc asrulebs savarjiSos da unda 

aRadginos pirvandeli mizanscena; 

23. „sarke“. ori monawile dgeba erTi meores pirdapir. er- 

Ti, romelic asrulebs moZraobebs, viTom icqireba sarkeSi, meore 

am SemTxvevaSi pirvelis anarekli unda iyos sarkeSi, imeorebs 

pirvelis moZraobas maqsimaluri sizustiT. aq mcire eSmakoba 

imaSi mdgomareobs, rom pirvelis marjvena xelis moZraobas 

meore - „sarke“ imeorebs marcxena xeliT. (sarkis anareklis 

principiT); 

24. „Crdili“. pirveli monawile dadis oTaxSi da Tan asrulebs 

nebismier moZraobebs, Cerdeba, ixreba dabla, xels aswevs 

197

maRla, motrialdeba, saerTod mkveTrad icvlis mdgomareobas. 

meore, rogorc Crdili dayveba ukan da zustad imeorebs pirvelis 

yovel moZraobebs. es savarjiSo SeiZleba Sesruldes jgufuradac. 

198 

kunTebis Tavisufleba 

scenaze an estradaze, msaxiobi an oratori sityvis gamosvlis 

dros raRac xarisxiT ganicdis uxerxulobas. is azri, rom 

Sen giyurebs mravlricxovani auditoria, iwvevs instiqtur, 

qvecnobier kunTebis reaqcias. kunTebi iWimeba, iZabeba. moZraoba 

daborkilia, xma xrinwiani, saxe Rebulobs daZabul gamometyvelebas. 

is kargavs uSualobas, romelic misTvis cxovrebaSia 

damaxasiaTebeli. yoveli msaxiobisTvis, oratorisTvis, an im 

adamianebisTvis, romelsac uwevs mayureblis winaSe gamosvla, 

es grZnoba nacnobia. xSirad imis survils, rom gadalaxo es 

grZnoba, mivyavarT meore ukiduresobamde. gamomsvleli xdeba 

utifari, moSvebuli, e.w. sceniuri Tavxedi, rac iseTive movlenaa, 

iseTive senia, rogorc sxeulis SeboWiloba. rogorc sxeulis 

zedmeti daWimuloba, aseve zedmeti moSvebuloba aris mayurebelTa 

winaSe gamosvliT gamowveuli uxerxulobis brali 

da warmoadgens mTavar winaRobas, romelic saWiroa gadailaxos 

da romlis gareSec warmoudgenelia msaxiobis swori ganviTareba. 

cxovrebaSi adamiani imden kunTobriv energias xarjavs, ramdenic 

saWiroa im mdgomareobisTvis, romelSic is imyofeba, arc 

mets, arc naklebs. kunTebis Tavisufleba damyarebulia bunebis 

plastikurobis kanonze, radgan bunebaSi yvelaferi plastikuria. 

yvela cocxali arseba racionalurad xarjavs energias. 

msaxiobma bejiTad unda aiTvisos plastikurobis SegnebiTi 

SerCeva, e. i. SeeZlos mizanmimarTulad xarjva, rom mis sxeulSi 

ar igrZnobodes SekrToma, daWimuloba, xelovnuroba. 

kunTebis ganTavisuflebis gasaRebi . 

organuli yuradRebis gareSe ar arsebobs kunTebis simSvide. 

kunTebis Tavisufleba da organuli yuradReba erTmaneT- 

Tan aris dakavSirebuli. roca Tqven mTel gulisyurs miap-

yrobT, dainteresdebiT obieqtiT, Tqven SeiZleba gaviwydebaT 

kunTebi, isini wyveten CvenTvis xelis SeSlas, piriqiT Tu Sev- 

ZlebT movaciloT kunTebs zedmeti daWimuloba, es niSnavs gaviadviloT 

SesaZlebloba organuli yuradRebiT movepyraT dasaxul 

obieqts. 

savarjiSoebi, romlis mizania kunTebis Tavisuflebis aRzrda, 

unda daviwyoT mas Semdeg, roca gadavlaxavT im sirTuleebs, 

romlebic warmoiSoba scenur yuradRebaze savarjiSoebis 

Seswavlis dros. studentebs Soris gamoCndebian iseTebi, romlebic 

ver akontroleben TavianT yuradRebas sxvaTa TandaswrebiT, 

am SemTxvevaSi students unda davexmaroT ganTavisufldes 

zedmeti kunTuri daZabulobisagan, amisaTvis saWiroa mivuTiTod 

im kunTebze, romelTa daWimuloba gansakuTrebiT didia, 

TandaTan mivaRwioT maT ganTavisuflebas. roca amas mivaRwevT, 

isev SevTavazoT students Seasrulos savarjiSo sceniur 

yuradRebaze. es unda gavimeoroT manam, sanam studenti ar daeufleba 

dasaxul obieqtze yuradRebis mokrebas. sasurveli Sedegis 

miRebis Semdeg gadavdivarT specialur savarjiSoebze - 

kunTebis ganTavisuflebaze: 

1. vjdebiT skamze rac SeiZleba Rrmad da moxerxebulad. 

movadunoT mTeli kunTebi „nulamde“ (sxeulis mdgomareoba Zilis 

dros), ise rom SegveZlos skamze Tavis Sekaveba, Semdeg vWimavT 

kunTebs imdenad, ramdenic saWiroa skamze normaluri 

jdomisaTvis. pedagogi amowmebs bolomde Tu ganTavisuflda 

kunTebi, agdebs studentis xels, uqanebs Tavs da a.S. Tu am organoTa 

kunTebi ganTavisuflebulia, maSin xeli daecema im 

mdgomareobaSi, romelSic is gadaagdes. Tavi yovelgvari winaaRmdegobis 

gareSe emorCileba biZgs, sinjavs Tu aqvs modunebuli 

mxrebisa da fexebis kunTebi da a.S. es unda Sesruldes Zalian 

frTxilad; 

2. isev vanTavisuflebT mTel kunTebs „nulamde“ aTis daTvlamde; 

3. isev vanTavisuflebT mTel kunTebs „nulamde“ xuTis 

daTvlamde. (xudamde Tvlis siswrafe daaxloebiT xuTi wamia); 

199

4. gavanTavisufloT kunTebi nulamde, TandaTanobiT vWimavT 

mTel sxeuls daWimulobis zRvramde, Semdeg TandaTan van- 

TavisuflebT „nulamde“, vubrundebiT normas; 

5. igive, aTis daTvlamde; 

6. igive, xuTis daTvlamde; 

7. aTis daTvlamde unda SevasruloT Semdegi: 

a) dawyebuli fexebidan vanTavisuflebT kunTebs Tavis 

CaTvliT; 

b) dawyebuli fexebidan vWimavT kunTebs Tavis CaTvliT; 

g) wuTis ganmavlobaSi vakavebT daWimulobas. 

meorejer aTamde daTvliT TandaTanobiT vanTavisuflebT 

daWimulobas, dawyebuli Tavidan mivdivarT qvemoT fexebis 

CaTvliT. 

8. aTamde TvliT dawyebuli zemodan davWimoT kunTebi, SevaCeroT 

daWimuloba, ganTavisuflebas „nulamde“ viwyebT qvemodan; 

9. igive, xuTis daTvlamde; 

10. mTeli sxeuli uceb brZanebiT: 

erTi- daWimva; 

ori- ganTavisufleba „nulamde“; 

11. vaTavisuflebT mTel sxeuls, aTamde daTvliT davWimoT 

marto marcxena fexis kunTebi, varjiSis damTavrebis Semdeg 

viRebT normas; 

12. igive, marjvena fexiT; 

13. vaTavisuflebT mTel sxeuls, aTamde daTvliT davWimoT 

marto marcxena fexis terfi, varjiSis damTavrebis Semdeg 

viRebT normas; 

14. igive, marjvena fexis terfiT; 

15. vWimavT kefas (vfiqrobT, TiTqos velodebiT dartymas), 

Semdeg vaTavisuflebT; 

16. brZanebiT swrafad vcvliT daWimulobis obieqts: fexi, 

xeli, kefa, fexi, kefa, xeli da a.S.; 

17. xuT TvlaSi vWimavT mTel sxeuls, vaTavisuflebT Tavs 

da kisers, Semdeg xuT TvlaSi piriqiT vWimavT Tavs da kisers da 

vaTavisuflebT mTel sxeuls; 

200

18. vWimavT sxeulis qveda nawils welamde, vaTavisuflebT 

sxeulis zeda nawils, Tvla aTi-xuTi; 

19. davWimoT fexebi muxlamde, vaTavisuflebT sxeulis 

danarCen nawils, Tvla aTi-xuTi; 

20. vaTavisuflebT mTel sxeuls, vWimavT marjvena xels, 

Semdeg marcxenas, Tvla aTi-xuTi; 

21. vaTavisuflebT sxeuls, vWimavT marjvena xels, Semdeg 

gadagvyavs da vamaxvilebT yuradRebas xelis mtevanze, Semdeg 

TiTebis daWimvaze, vaTavisuflebT xelis danarCen nawils, 

Tvla aTi-xuTi; 

22. studentebi dgebian nebismier pozaSi, unda moiSoron 

zedmeti daZabuloba, imeoreben swrafad da sworad; 

23. SeasruleT raime fizikuri moqmedeba (gadaadgileT 

skamebi, moiyvaneT wesrigSi auditoria da a. S.). ecadeT moiSoroT 

kunTebis zedmeti daWimuloba, rogorc ki isini warmoiSoba. 

yvela am varjiSis mizania, students gamovumuSavoT unari, 

nebiT marTon kunTebis aparati da gaaTavisuflon sxeulis 

nebismieri nawili daWimulobisagan. yuradRebis swrafi gadar- 

Tvis gavarjiSeba gvaswavlis kunTebis energiis mizandasaxviT 

xarjvas. momavalSi rolze muSaobisas, roca mogiwevT warmoaCinoT 

saxe moZraobaSi, sakuTari kunTebis aparatis flobis codna 

gagiwevT amaSi arsebiT daxmarebas. 

simorcxve, SeboWiloba an zedmeti siTamame, mousvenroba 

an erTgvari siTavxede, erTica da meorec xSirad axlavs mozardis 

saqciels gardamaval asakSi. axalgazrdebTan muSaoba moiTxovs 

sifrTxiles, pedagogis keTil da gulisxmier damokidebulebas 

Tavisi aRsazrdelebisadmi. 

msaxiobis ostatobis mecadineobisas mas xSirad uxdeba 

iseT sakiTxebTan Sexeba, romlebic misgan gansakuTrebul delekaturobas 

moiTxovs, magaliTad, roca laparakia romelime 

studentis arasrulyofilebaze, mis qcevaze an maneraze. 

kunTebis SeboWva individualurad TiToeul maTgans sxvadasxvagvarad 

gamouvlindeba. pedagogma unda mianiSnos Tavis 

„personalur SeboWvas“ da yovelTvis unda gaakontrolos, mag- 

201

am es unda gaakeTos rac SeiZleba delikaturad. zogjer SeboWvisgan 

ganTavisufleba SedarebiT iolad xdeba mecadineobis 

periodSi, zogjer ki amas wlebi sWirdeba. 

202 

SemoqmedebiTi gamarTleba da fantazia, 

sagulisxmo viTareba 

vakvirdebiT ra adamianis qcevas, SegviZlia avRniSnoT 

Semdegi: 

1. yovel mocemul momentSi adamianis qceva motivirebulia 

raRac mizeziT, es mizezi SeiZleba ar iyos mis mier gacnobierebuli, 

magram is yvelafris miuxedavad, mainc ise iqceva da 

ara sxvagvarad, imitom rom manamde moxvda raRac iseTi ram, ramac 

gamoiwvia misi aseTi qceva; 

2. adamianebs sjeraT adamianis maSin, roca misi qceva da 

sityvebi damajerebelia. 

es ori piroba: qcevis motivireba da damajerebloba - er- 

TmaneTTan ganuyoflad dakavSirebulia. damajerebloba warmoiSveba 

maSin, roca adamiani naTlad aRiqvams mis qcevas da sityvebs. 

msaxiobic swored maSin moqmedebs damajereblad (maSasadame 

mayureblisaTvis damajereblad), roca misi qceva warmoadgens 

naTels da zustad motivirebuls, an rogorc ityvian - sceniurad 

(SemoqmedebiTad motivirebuls). sceniuri gamarTleba - 

es msaxiobis sceniuri qcevis motivirebaa, romelic srul TanxvedraSia 

mocemul sceniuri saxis xasiaTTan da cxovrebis vi- 

TarebasTan. sceniuri gamarTleba atarebs SemoqmedebiT xasiaTs, 

imitom rom sceniuri cxovreba gansxvavdeba realur cxovrebisagan, 

is gaxlavT sinamdvilis SemoqmedebiT asaxva xelovnebis 

saSualebiT, amitom msaxiobisgan moiTxovs garkveul SemoqmedebiT 

Zalisxmevas. 

raSi gamoixateba SemoqmedebiTi Zalisxmeva? imaSi, rom 

sargeblobs ra warmosaxviT, fantaziiT unda Seqmnas, damajereblad 

axsnas konkretuli qcevis, motivis an mocemuli sagnis 

konkretuli warmodgena. scenaze ar SeiZleba ilaparako adami-

anze, an romelime saganze da ar gqondes konkretuli warmodgena 

(rogoria Zma, ramdeni wlisaa, rogori Cvevebi aqvs da a. S.) ar 

SeiZleba gaxvide scenaze da ar icode saidan modi da ratom, ar 

SeiZleba gaumarTleblad adge savarZlidan da daiwyo aqeTiqiT 

siaruli da a. S. unda icode yvelaferi, rac Seexeba Sens 

rols. partniorebis rolebs imdenad ramdenadac eqneboda adgili 

realur cxovrebasa da sagulisxmo viTarebaSi. sagulisxmo 

viTarebani, iseve rogorc TviT „Tu ki“ aris warmosaxviT 

SerCeuli, isini erTi da igive warmoSobisaa. saWiroa naTlad da 

dawvrilebiT warmovidginoT es viTarebebi. Teatralur enaze - 

viTarebebs, romlebic micemuli aqvs msaxiobs, hqvia sagulisxmo 

viTarebebi. rac ufro detalurad gaverkveviT sagulisxmo 

viTarebebSi (droSi, adgilSi, urTierTdamokidebulebaSi da 

a.S.), miT ufro damajerebeli iqneba misi TamaSi. rac ufro met 

savaraudo viTarebebs Seqmnis msaxiobi, miT ufro savse, saintereso 

da ufro metad damajerebeli iqneba misi TamaSi. gamar- 

Tleba - es is safuZvelia, romelzec dgas msaxiobis mier gansaxierebuli 

saxe. rac ufro meti fantaziaa Caqsovili savaraudo 

viTarebebSi, datalebSi, miT ufro myaria msaxiobis TamaSis 

mTeli naxazi da miT ufro didxans gaZlebs speqtakli scenaze. 

gamarTlebuli unda iyos yvelaferi, rac SeiZleba dawvrilebiT. 

Tu realur cxovrebaSi adamiani xSirad ise iqceva, rom es 

winaswar ara aqvs gaazrebuli da motivirebuli, - scenaze, sadac 

winaswar viciT Tu ras vambobT da vakeTebT - yvelaferi unda 

iyos gaazrebuli da motivirebuli, e.i. sceniurad gamarTlebuli. 

gza gamarTlebisaken gadis msaxiobis SemoqmedebiT fantaziaze. 

adamiani flobs warmosaxvisa da fantaziis unars, e. i. Seaxamos, 

SeaerTos sxvadasxva cxovrebiseuli movlena axal gansakuTrebul 

movlenad. es kombinireba SeiZleba ar eqvemdebarebodes 

raRac gansazRvrul mizans, maSin is upasuxismgeblo xasia- 

Tisaa da ar warmoadgens mxatvrul-SemoqmedebiT fantazias. SemoqmedebiTia 

fantazia, rodesac kombinireba eqvemdebareba gansazRvrul 

mizans. SemoqmedebiTi warmosaxvis unari Semoqmedis 

aucilebeli Tvisebaa da Cven es Tviseba yovelnairad unda ganvaviTaroT. 

msaxiobisTvis yvelaze Zvirfass konkretuli fan- 

203

tazia warmoadgens, roca msaxiobi azustebs, anviTarebs avtoris 

mier mocemul sagulisxmo viTarebas. SemoqmedebiTi warmosaxvisa 

da fantaziis mniSvneloba msaxobis SemoqmedebisaTvis 

imdenad didia, rom intensiuri energiuli fantaziis gareSe SeuZlebelia 

msaxiobis Semoqmedeba. SemoqmedebiTi fantaziis ganviTarebasTan 

erTad, aucilebelia studentebs ganvuviTaroT 

dakvirvebuloba, radgan msaxiobi Tavisi Semoqmedebis masalas 

cxovrebaze dakvirvebiT moipovebs. 

fantaziis Tavisufali muSaoba efuZneba CvenTvis ukve 

cnobil elementebs: organul yuradRebasa da kunTebis Tavisuflebas, 

radgan daWimulobis mdgomareobaSi fantaziis muSaoba 

warmoudgenelia. 

204 

savarjiSoebi: 

1. gavamarTloT sityvieri TxrobiT movlenaTa jaWvi: 

a) gadabrunda navi, 

b) auSva cxeni, 

g) iyida rZe, 

d) gamoaRo fanjara, 

e) dawera baraTi, 

v) gamovida sityviT, 

z) gaemgzavra. 

2. a) moifiqreT cnobili literaturuli gmirebis (mag. 

yvaryvare TuTaberis, darispanis, hamletis da a.S.) erTmaneTTan 

arafriT dakavSirebuli saqcieli; 

b) gmiris xasiaTidan gamomdinare, mouZebneT motivireba 

am qcevebs, ra viTarebaSi SeeZlo Caedina mas es saqcieli. 

3. viRebT ucnobi pirovnebis an romelime mxatvris mier 

Sesrulebul portrets, studentebma unda mogviTxron misi 

cxovrebis Sesaxeb (profesia, xasiaTi, Tvisebebi, Sexedulebebi, 

damokidebuleba sxva adamianebTan da a. S.) 

4. (wamsvleli asociacia) pedagogi asaxelebs raRac sityvas, 

mag. „galaktioni“, studentebma unda warmoidginon raime,

ac ukavSirdeba galaktions, Semdeg gauSviT, Tavisuflad idinos 

Tqvenma azrma erTi asociaciidan meoreze. mag. azrTa svla 

iyos aseTi: dRes radio mimRebSi gadmoscemen galaktionis leqsebs..., 

unda SeviZino radio mimRebisaTvis axali elementi.... ma- 

RaziaSi Semxvda nacnobi qobuleleTidan..., Savi zRva - es is ar 

aris, rac xmelTaSua zRva...antalia... adgili, sadac me visvenebdi... 

tansacmeli mompares... da a. S. 

5. (mibmuli asociacia) pedagogi asaxelebs raRac sagans, 

mag. „savarZeli“, studentebma Tavs Zala unda daatanon da ifiqron 

mxolod savarZelze da ar unda dauSvan mocemuli sagnidan 

mocileba. mag. damavales savarZlis SekeTeba, rogor gavakeTo, 

an me minda SeviZino savarZeli da unda gadavwyvito rogori savarZeli 

minda mqondes da a.S. 

6. pedagogi iTxovs azriT gadavideT mag. parizSi, moskov- 

Si, rio de JaneiroSi da a.S. fantazia Tavisufalia, magram es ar 

unda cdebodes mocemul adgils, ar unda dagabnioT iman, rom iq 

ar iyaviT, unda warmoidginoT viTareba ise, rogorc warmoudgenia 

TiToeuls individualurad, misi codnis maragis, gamocdilebis, 

fantaziis Sesabamisad. Semdeg TiToeuli maTgani mogviTxrobs 

Tu ra moifiqra. 

7. pedagogi usvams studentebs SekiTxvebs swrafad da moulodnelad, 

mimarTavs xan erTs, xan meores. studentebi daufiqreblad, 

darwmunebiT swrafad pasuxoben TiTqos es yvelaferi 

simarTlea. 

mag. pedagogi - ras akeTebdiT quTaisSi xuTi dRis ukan? 

studenti - deidas vacilebdi naTesavebTan. 

pedagogi - ratom dagakaves sadgurSi? 

studenti - es mTeli istoriaa... vagonSi CvenTan erTad 

mgzavrobda kaci, romelic Semdeg aRmoCnda... da a.S. 

dasawyisSi kiTxvebi unda daisvas ise, rom maTze pasuxis 

gacema advili iyos. TandaTanobiT kiTxvebs varTulebT. 

8. pozis gamarTleba. yvela monawile dadis wreze, pedagogis 

niSanze Rebuloben raime pozas, oRond winaswar ar unda moifiqron, 

Semdeg ar icvlian mdgomareobas, amowmeben Tavis Tavs, 

aTavisufleben kunTebs da toveben imden energias, ramdenic sa- 

205

Wiroa mocemuli mdgomareobisaTvis (pozisaTvis) da Semdeg 

amarTleben. 

mag. a) gadavixare korpusiT win da xelebiT zurgs ukan, 

b) vdgevar muxlebze da xelebi win maqvs gaweuli, 

g) vzivar da xelebi yurebze maqvs moWerili. 

a - magaliTis gamarTleba: 

1. mivaTrev marxils, warmovidginoT rogor vuWer xels 

bawars da vezidebi: 

2. vcdilob gavixsna ukan Sekruli xelebi; 

3. Sevdivar oTaxSi saCuqrebiT, romelic damaluli maqvs 

zurgs ukan da a.S. 

b - magaliTis gamarTleba: 

1. veZeb magidis qvemoT Sevardnil sagans da a.S. 

g - magaliTis gamarTleba: 

1. vibertyav wyals yurebidan banaobis Semdeg. 

9. mocemuli moZraobebis gamarTleba, unda mivceT ramdenime 

moZraoba. mag. awieT marjvena xeli zemoT, gaakeTeT nabiji 

ukan da xeliT SeexeT iataks. 

am moZraobebis gamarTleba: 

1. vaqaneb xes, nabijs vakeTeb ukan, rom davinaxo sad Camovarda, 

vixrebi, rom aviRo; 

2. viReb Tarodan qilas, is vardeba da tydeba, Tqven amis 

gamo akeTebT nabijs ukan da vixrebi raTa aviRo namsxrevebi; 

3. vxatav, vakeTeb monaxazs, ukan vdgam nabijs, raTa Sevamowmo 

ra gamomivida, vixrebi raTa gavrecxo funji. 

savarjiSoebis Sesrulebis dros yovelTvis aRmoCndebian 

studentebi damuxruWebuli fantaziiT, romlebmac ver SeZles 

yuradRebis Tavmoyra, an rcxveniaT TavianTi azrebis xmamaRla 

gamoTqma. aseT studentebs unda moveqceT gansakuTrebulad 

frTxilad. ar unda davuSvaT maTi dacinva, radgan isini didxans 

ver gamovlen daZabulobis mdgomareobidan. aseTi studentebi 

unda aviyvanoT gansakuTrebuli meTvalyureobis qveS, araviTar 

SemTxvevaSi ar unda ganvucxadoT amis Sesaxeb arc maT da 

arc auditorias, maT unda mivceT ufro advili savarjiSoebi 

da mcire sababis SemTxvevaSic ki wavaxalisoT SeqebiT. xSirad 

206

unda CavutaroT maT varjiSebi kunTebis ganTavisuflebaze da 

yuradRebis obieqtze. pirvelive warmatebis Semdeg es studentebi 

darwmundebian TavianT ZalebSi, gaixsnebian da SeiZleba 

aRmoaCndeT SemoqmedebiTi SesaZleblobebis didi maragi. 

scenuri damokidebuleba da faqtis Sefaseba 

yvela wina savarjiSo isaxavda mizans, Seeqmna iseTi pirobebi, 

romlis drosac yvelaze advilad warmoiSoba Semoqmedebi- 

Ti mdgomareoba. msaxiobi advilad da bunebrivad reagirebs yvelaferze, 

rogorc misTvis winaswar cnobil, aseve misTvis ucnobsa 

da moulodnelze. 

msaxiobma SesaniSnavad icis, rom yvelaferi, rasac is da 

sxvebi akeTeben, laparakoben, yvelaferi is, rac gars akravs 

scenaze, yvela urTierTdamokidebuleba, movlenebi, azrebi, 

grZnobebi - yovelive es ar aris realuri cxovreba, aramed 

mxatvruli SeTxzvaa. TeatrSi mayurebeli da msaxiobebi TiTqos 

SeaTanxmdnen droebiT, sanam midis speqtakli, pirobiT cxovrebas 

ekidebian, rogorc upirobos. orivem kargad icis, rom es TamaSia 

da aRiqvams sceniur sicrues, rogorc cxovrebis sinamdviles, 

rac ufro seriozulad ekideba msaxiobi sicrues, rogorc 

sinamdviles, miT met siamovnebas Rebulobs rogorc mayurebeli, 

aseve moTamaSe. cxovrebidan Cven gvaqvs brwyinvale magaliTi 

seriozuli damokidebulebisa sicruis mimarT, rogorc 

sinamdvilisadmi, moTamaSe bavSvia. mas gulwrfelad swams imisa, 

Tu ras akeTebs da ras gamosaxavs. msaxiobs SeuZlia iswavlos 

bavSvisgan, Tumca msaxiobis Semoqmedeba bevrad ufro rTulia 

da Zneli, vidre bavSvuri TamaSi. 

bolomde seriozuli damokidebuleba sicruis mimarT, 

rogorc sinamdvilisadmi, warmoadgens sceniuri xelovnebis 

pirvelwyaros. Cven am damokidebulebas pirobiTad vuwodebT 

. sceniuri rwmenis gareSe SeuZlebelia damajereblad 

vimoqmedoT scenaze, kargad viTamaSoT da SevqmnaT 

srulyofili saxe. 

207

sceniuri yuradRebis Seswavlis dros Cven davadgineT, 

rom msaxiobis gulisyuris mokreba mWidrod ukavSirdeba mis 

fantaziaSi obieqtis SemoqmedebiT gardaqmnis process, obieqtis 

gadaqcevas sruliad sxva obieqtad. scenaze TiTqmis ar arseboben 

adamianebi, sagnebi, faqtebi, movlenebi, romelTa mimarT 

msaxiobs hqondes iseTi damokidebuleba, rogorsac es adamianebi, 

sagnebi, movlenebi, faqtebi moiTxovs. 

TiTqmis yoveli obieqti, romelTanac msaxiobs aqvs saqme 

(TiTqmis yvelaferi, rasac xedavs da esmis scenaze), man unda gadaaqcios 

raRac sxvad da aqedan gamomdinare, Secvalos mis mimarT 

Tavisi damokidebuleba. rolis TamaSis dros, msaxiobs damokidebuleba 

sceniur pirobebTan iseTi unda hqondes, rogorc 

im adgilTan, rasac mocemuli viTareba gvkarnaxobs. Teatralur 

kostiumTan, rogorc sakuTar tansacmelTan, romlis Cacmasac 

yoveldRe miCveuli xar. msaxiobi, romelic mamas asaxierebs, 

rogorc mamasTan romelsac is yoveldRe xedavs. speqtaklSi, 

romelic didi xnis ganmavlobaSi midis, msaxiobi ismens 

partnioris replikebs, man zepirad icis ara marto misi roli, 

aramed partniorTa yoveli replika, agreTve intonacia, Jesti, 

saxis gamometyveleba, magram misi damokidebuleba SetyobinebasTan, 

romlisganac Sedgeba replikis Sinaarsi unda qondes 

iseTi, rogorc namdvil moulodnelobasTan, rogorc piesa moiTxovs. 

rogor vipovoT Tavis TavSi seriozuli damokidebuleba 

sceniur sicruesTan, rogorc simarTlesTan, amaSi gvexmareba 

CvenTvis cnobili elementebi, romlebic Seadgenen msaxiobis 

Sinagani teqnikis Tanmimdevrul etapebs da gansazRvraven msaxiobis 

SemoqmedebiT mdgomareobas: 

1. yuradRebis zusti obieqti; 

2. kunTebis Tavisufleba; 

3. SemoqmedebiTi fantazia; 

4. gamarTleba da bolos, rogorc yovelive amis Sedegi; 

5. sceniuri rwmena, gamoxatuli obieqtisadmi saWiro damokidebulebis 

damyarebaSi. 

yoveli roli, ase vTqvaT naqsovia damokidebulebebisagan. 

SeZlo sworad gansazRvro es damokidebulebebi da saxis damo- 

208

kidebulebebi gaixado Tavis damokidebulebebad da scenurad 

daeuflo mas, niSnavs ZiriTadSi sworad iTamaSo roli. arsebobs 

ori saxis sceniuri damokidebuleba: 

1. damokidebuleba, romelic damyarda gmiris cxovrebis 

procesSi piesis dawyebamde; 

2. damokidebuleba, warmoqmnili gmiris scenuri cxovrebis 

procesSi. 

amitom rolze muSaobisas msaxiobi sazRvravs, cdilobs 

gaigos da gaixados Tavisad pirveli jgufis damokidebulebebi, 

e. i. iseTebi, romlebic damyarda cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi, romliTac 

icxovra personaJma scenuri cxovrebis dawyebamde. maSin 

moqmedebis procesSi TavisTavad daibadeba meore jgufis damokidebuleba. 

meore jgufis damokidebulebas vuwodebT . Sefaseba - es aris saxis damokidebuleba (partniorebTan, 

sagnebTan, sityvebTan, movlenebTan da a. S.), romelic 

aqve, scenaze iqmneba. Seafaso faqti - es niSnavs daamyaro masTan 

gansazRvruli damokidebuleba. Tu warmoiSva axali viTarebis 

swori Sefaseba, im wuTSive icvleba qcevis ritmi. ritmis cvlis 

gareSe Sefaseba an srulebiT ar ibadeba an rCeba msaxiobis ganuxorcielebel 

mcdelobad. sagulisxmo viTarebebzea damokidebuli 

moqmedebis tempi da ritmi, es erTi da igive ar aris. tempi 

- es moqmedebis Sesrulebis siCqarea, igi SeiZleba iyos aCqarebuli 

an Senelebuli. ritmi - moqmedebis daZabulobis xarisxia. 

ramdenadac mniSvnelovania msaxiobisaTvis moqmedebis rezultati, 

imdenad ufro daZabuli iqneba ritmi. ritms sxvagvarad 

asec gansazRvraven: 1. Tu rogor Zgers guli moqmedebis Sesrulebis 

dros. 2. moqmedebis Sesasruleblad mzadyofnis xarisxi. 

tempi da ritmi mWidrod ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs, magram es 

kavSiri SeiZleba gamovlindes sxvadasxvagvarad, ufro xSirad 

daZabul ritms Seesabameba swrafi tempi, tempi da ritmi Seesabameba 

erTmaneTs. isini SeiZleba ukavSirdebodnen erTmaneTs 

ufro rTuli gziT. 

mag: a) gamnaRmveli uvnebelyofs naRms, udidesia moqmedebis 

ritmis daZabuloba, magram tempi ar SeiZleba iyos Cqari, is 

209

ufro Senelebuli, frTxili iqneba, radgan swored amazea damokidebuli 

misi sicocxle. 

b) qalebi Wrian kombostos, isini mSvidad saubroben cxovrebis 

wvrilmanebze im dros, roca maTi xelebi elvis siswrafiT 

muSaoben. yovelgvari SeCveuli samuSao SeiZleba Sesruldes Zalian 

swraf tempSi mSvidi ritmis dros. 

tempi da ritmi gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebis garda yovelTvis 

mtkiced ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs. Teatralur praqtikaSi 

arsebobs termini „tempo-ritmi“, romelic aRniSnavs tempis 

da ritmis Tanafardobas mocemuli moqmedebis dros. Sefasebis 

momentebi da masTan dakavSirebuli tempo-ritmis cvla warmoadgens 

rTul moments msaxiobis xelovnebaSi. msaxiobs moeTxoveba 

imis unari, rom scenaze warmoSobili faqtebi Seafasos 

marTlad da organulad. am moTxovnas sxvanairad ase gamoxataven: 

msaxiobs unda Seswevdes unari miiRos moulodneloba. scenaze 

warmoSobili yvela faqti yovelTvis ama Tu im xarisxiT 

warmoadgens moulodnelobas. winaswar cnobili aRiqva rogorc 

moulodneli - swored amaSi gamoixateba msaxiobis mTavari siZnele, 

magram upirveles yovlisa swored amaSi gamoCndeba msaxiobis 

talanti. 

praqtikuli daskvna: 

1. SegeZlos moZebno, ipovo da gaiTaviso iseTi damokidebulebebi, 

romelsac roli moiTxovs. 

2. yvelafris mimarT, rac imyofeba da xdeba scenaze, damokidebuleba 

unda Seesabamebodes mocemuli piesisa da mocemuli 

rolis mxatvruli SeTxzvis moTxovnilebebs. 

3. SegeZlos winaswar Sedgenili damokidebulebebisagan 

scenuri cxovrebis nebismieri faqti miiRo rogorc moulodneli 

da sworad (saxis fsiqologiasTan Sesabamisad) Seafaso. 

210 

savarjiSoebi damokidebulebasa da faqtis Sefasebaze: 

a) scenuri damokidebulebisa da faqtis Sefasebis savarjoSoebis 

Catarebis upirveles savaldebulo pirobad unda gaxdes 

mdgomareoba - e. w. „sajaro martoobis grZnoba“. es iseTi

mdgomareobaa, romlis dros Semsrulebeli iqceva ise, TiTqos 

mas aravin ar uyurebs, is TiTqos martoa. cxadia, damswreTa SegrZnebas 

(mocemul SemTxvevaSi oTaxSi msxdomi Tanakurselebi) 

eqneba adgili, mayurebelTa SegrZneba msaxiobs yovelTvis aqvs 

da swavlas ar saWiroebs, piriqiT SeviswavloT, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia 

am grZnobis gadalaxva, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi is 

ubiZgebs Semsrulebels adamianis qcevis garegnuli formis TamaSs. 

pirvel xanebSi unda vufrTxildeT iseT gamoTqmebs, rogorebicaa: 

„iTamaSeT“, „sworad ar TamaSobT“, umjobesia gamoviyenoT 

gamoTqmebi: „icxovre“, „ar mjera“; 

b) savarjiSoebis Sesrulebis meore pirobaa „organuli 

dumili“. savarjiSoebi mimdinareobs organuli dumiliT, Tu vi- 

Tareba moiTxovs sityvis warmoTqmas, sjobs davrToT neba vidre 

davuSvaT falSi. 

g) yoveli calkeuli savarjiSos xangrZlivoba SeiZleba 

gamoixatos ori variantiT: an pedagogi afrTxilebs students, 

rom savarjiSo daamTavros TviTon moqmedebis ama Tu im adgilze, 

an Semsrulebeli valdebulia imdexans imoqmedos, sanam mas 

pedagogi ar gaaCerebs. 

savarjiSoebi sagnebTan damokidebulebaze: 

1. erT erT students vaZlevT raRac nivTs, mag., quds da 

veubnebiT: es qudi ki ara - lekvia. mas qudTan unda qondes iseTi 

damokidebuleba, rogorc lekvTan. es qudi ki ara - zRarbia, 

virTxaa, mtredia da a. S. 

2. es qamari ki ara - gvelia; 

3. es asanTis kolofi ki ara - bombaa, oqros zodia, mobiluri 

telefonia da a.S. 

4. es skami ki ara - mefis taxtia, kosmosuri xomaldis savarZelia, 

eleqtro skamia, danaRmuli savarZelia, Zeglia, Sadrevania 

da a. S. 

5. dalieT ise, TiTqos svamT cxel Cais, mware wamals, Rvinos, 

arays, Tbil rZes, gayinul wyals da a. S. 

211

6. moizomeT pijaki: exlaxan motanili ateliedan, Zveli, 

dasvrili, patara da didi zomis, fraki axali rolisaTvis da a. 

S; 

damokidebuleba moqmedebis adgilTan: 

7. pedagogi eubneba students: es Tqveni oTaxia, eZebeT damokidebuleba 

garemomcvel sagnebTan, rogorc Tqvens sakuTar, 

SeCveul sagnebTan, akeTeT oTaxSi rac gindaT: ikiTxeT, iswavleT 

roli, wereT, kereT, ivarjiSeT, airCieT nebismieri moqmedeba, 

romelsac Tqven SeasrulebdiT, Tu ki Tqven imyofebodiT 

srul martoobaSi sakuTar oTaxSi; 

8. zixarT eqimTan mosacdelSi, vagonSi, gemSi, cixeSi; 

9. aTvalierebT muzeums; 

10. Sevdivar kabinetSi cnobil mweralTan, msaxiobTan, 

reqtorTan da a.S; 

partniorTan damokidebuleba. 

11. warmoidgineT, rom TqvenTan auditoriaSi Semovida 

cnobili mwerali, msaxiobi, reJisori da a. S. Tqvens TanakurselTan 

daamyareT Sesabamisi damokidebuleba, laparaki akrZalulia. 

12. viZaxebT erT erT students, danarCenebi amyareben damokidebulebas, 

rogorc ucnaurad Cacmul adamianTan. 

damokidebuleba Sinagan obieqtze: 

13. vwer werils megobars, mters, Seyvarebuls, bavSvs da 

a.S; 

14. aawyveT skamebidan avtomanqana da daamyareT masTan sa- 

Tanado damokidebuleba; 

viTarebis Sefaseba da riTmebis cvla: 

15. a) gaiareT oTaxSi ise, TiTqos gadaixarT mdinareze gadebul 

morze, 

b) iseve, oRond axali viTarebis SefasebiT riTmis cvlas- 

Tan Sesabamisad, Semsrulebels mosdevs mteri, 

g) iseve, oRond exla TviTon misdevs mters; 

16. zixar skamze da kiTxulob: 

212

a) saxelmZRvanelos (gwyindeba, ar ginda iswavlo, kardgi 

amindia... gwadia seirnoba.) 

b) iumoristul moTxrobas, 

g) romanis kiTxviT xarT gatacebuli, 

d) gulis amaCuyebel moTxrobas, 

e) iseve, mxolod axali viTarebis damatebiT, mawuxeben da 

mkbenen buzebi, xels miSlis xmamaRali musika da a.S. aseTi savarjiSoebis 

Sesrulebas awyvetinebs mxolod pedagogi. 

17. Sevdivar oTaxSi sadac wevs: 

a) avadmyofi, 

b) micvalebuli. 

savarjiSos damTavrebis Semdeg pedagogi ekiTxeba rogor 

iyo gamarTlebuli davaleba ( mag. ratom Sedi oTaxSi? vin aris 

avadmyofi, riT aris avad da a. S.) 

18. zixar bulvarSi, cxela; zixar baRSi zamTarSi, civa. 

19. gastronomiuli maRaziis vitrinasTan (gSiaT). 

20. elodebiT manqanas. 

21. (riTmis swrafi cvla) midixar daRonebuli da poulob 

safules. 

22. aRmoaCine rom dakarge safule. 

23. miviRe mesiji: 

a) sasixarulo, 

b) samwuxaro 

simarTlis grZnoba da kontroli, 

fizikuri moqmedebebis maxsovroba 

realur cxovrebaSi Cven iSviaTad vakontrolebT yoveldRiur 

martiv moqmedebebs. rogorc ki Cven vinmes gamovajavrebT, 

raRacas gamovsaxavT an vTvalTmaqcobT, gvinda movityuoT 

an vinme gavamasxaraoT, im wuTSive iwyebs muSaobas gansakuTrebuli 

grZnoba, romelsac SeiZleba vuwodoT „simarTlis 

grZnoba“. roca cxovrebaSi Cven vityuebiT, Cven yovelTvis vakontrolebT 

Tavs, vamowmebT gavs Tu ara Cveni tyuili simar- 

213

Tles, SevZlebT Tu ara davarwmunoT Tanamosaubre Cvens tyuilSi. 

Tu cxovrebaSi TviT kontroli vlindeba maSin, roca ra- 

Racas gamovsaxavT an vityuebiT, scenaze es grZnoba yovelTvis 

warmoiSoba. 

simarTlis grZnoba - es msaxiobis unaria Seadaros scenuri 

qceva cxovrebis simarTlesTan, rogorc musikaluri smena, 

aseve simarTlis grZnoba SeiZleba ganvaviTaroT da ganvamtkicoT 

specialuri savarjiSoebiT. am savarjiSoebis arsi imaSi 

mdgomareobs, rom movarjiSes xelSi ara aqvs araviTari sagani 

da moqmedebs ise, TiTqos igi epyroba naRd sagans, man es unda 

akeTos imdenad damajereblad, rom mayurebeli „xedavdes“ am 

sagnis gamosaxulebas da „grZnobdes“ mas Semsruleblis xelSi. 

am savarjiSoebs hqvia „fizikuri moqmedebis maxsovroba“. isini 

warmoadgenen saukeTeso saSualebas scenaze TviTkontrolis 

ganviTarebasa da ganmtkicebaSi. sceniuri rwmena am savarjiSoebSi 

varjiSdeba gansakuTrebulad, sad vipoviT kidev ufro did 

„sicrues“, vidre roca xelebSi „araferi“ ar gaqvs. savarjiSoebis 

safuZvelSi devs msaxiobis xelovnebis gansakuTrebuloba, 

scenuri rwmena - damokidebuleba pirobiTTan - rogorc upirobosTan, 

sicruesTan - rogorc simarTlesTan. 

214 

savarjiSoebi 

am savarjiSoebis Sesrulebis dros, unda vecadoT gavixsenoT 

sagnis zoma, wona, faqtura, aRvidginoT mocemuli sagnis 

damaxasiaTebeli wvrilmanebi. pirvel xanebSi ar unda viCqaroT, 

savarjiSo davamuSaoT namdvil sagnebze da vecadoT davimaxsovroT 

sagani (misi mdebareoba, zomebi, wona da a. S.) da SevigrZnoT 

Cveni damokidebuleba saganTan (mag. damokidebuleba bin- 

ZurTan, svelTan, mZimesTan, cxelTan da a. S.) 

1. davweroT werili, gavkecoT da CavdoT konvertSi 

2. SevaxvioT an gavaxvioT nayidi nivTi 

3. CavicvaT da gaviwmindoT fexsacmeli 

4. gavrecxoT rezinis Ceqmebi

5. amoviRoT binZuri Cvari vedrodan da davkidoT gasaSrobad 

6. gavxerxoT 

7. davalagoT logini 

8. karadis gaReba, tansacmlis gamoReba da Cacma 

9. minis gaWra 

10. gadavakraT wigns qaRaldi garedan 

11. gavrecxoT da gavamSraloT Wiqa 

12. SevkeroT 

13. davkemsoT 

14. davakeroT Rili 

15. davgaoT iataki da SevagrovoT aqandazze nagavi 

16. davauTaoT 

17. SevkeroT sakerav manqanaze 

18. davbanoT bavSvi 

19. gavikeToT Tmis varcxniloba 

20. gavikeToT makiaJi 

21. gaviparsoT wveri 

22. gavixexoT kbilebi 

23. davamzadoT omleti 

24. SevwvaT kartofili 

25. gavixadoT palto 

26. gavixadoT sveli palto 

27. avawyoT xorcis sakepi manqana, gavataroT xorci da movamzadoT 

xinkali 

28. davukraT roialze 

29. CavasxaT navTi lamfaSi da avanToT 

30. aviRoT materia da gamovWraT kabis Targi 

31. davamzadoT afTiaqSi wamali 

32. vxazoT (mTeli saxazavi mowyobilobebiT) 

33. davbeWdoT kompiuterze da a. S. 

fizikuri winaaRmdegobebis gadalaxva 

34. davCexoT SeSa 

35. CavaxraxnoT 

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216 

36. CavarWoT soli 

37. gavaprialoT iataki 

38. gadavaadgiloT karada 

39. avwioT simZime 

40. vataroT simZime 

41. vaTrioT simZime da a. S. 

fizikuri moqmedebis maxsovroba SefasebiT: 

42. vRebavT, axal pijakze aRmovaCenT, rom igi dasvrilia 

43. vTliT fanqars, viWriT TiTs, vixvevT 

44. vauToebT Sarvals an kabas da amavdroulad vaduRebT 

rZes, romelic gadavida da a. S. 

scenuri moqmedeba 

scenuri amocana da grZnoba 

nebismier nawarmoebebSi, romelic scenaze dasadgmelad 

aris gankuTvnili, drama iqneba es, komedia Tu tragedia, Cven 

gvxvdeba sityvebi: „moqmedi pirni“, amdeni „moqmedeba“. TviTon 

sityva „aqtiori“ (frang. actrice) niSnavs „momqmeds“, is vinc moqmedebs. 

Tu mxatvari qmnis ferTa SexamebiT, Tu musikosi qmnis 

bgerebis SerwymiT, Tu mwerali qmnis sityvebis SeerTebiT, msaxiobma, 

Tuki surs Seqmnas scenaze mxatvruli saxe, - unda aRadginos 

gamosasaxavi adamianis qcevebi e. i. misi moqmedebis xazi. 

sworad rom ganvsazRvroT gmirebis moqmedebis xazi, saWiroa 

naTlad warmovidginoT sagulisxmo viTarebebi, romelSic imyofeba 

personaJebi da ganvsazRvroT yoveli maTganis amocanebi, 

gamomdinare gansazRvruli viTarebidan. gansazRvruli viTarebebi. 

kursis SeswavlisTanave, rodesac ganvixilavdiT yurad- 

Rebis magaliTs, Cven davrwmundiT, rom adamiani yovelTvis momedebs, 

maSinac ki roca garegnulad mSvidi ggoniaT. arsebobs 

moZraoba da moqmedeba, xSirad es cnebebi erTmaneTSi erevaT. 

SevecadoT gavigoT gansxvaveba moZraobasa da moqmedebas Soris, 

mag. vambob vwev xels da vatareb Tmebze zemodan qvemoT - es

meqanikuri moZraobaa. Tu vambob visworeb Tmebs es ukve iqneba 

moqmedeba. ra gansxvavebaa? Cvens moqmedebebs yovelTvis gaaCnia 

gaazrebuli safuZveli, mizezi da Cven mas vasrulebT gansaz- 

Rvruli miznis misaRwevad. „visworebT Tmebs“- mizandasaxuli 

da dasabuTebuli moqmedebaa. albaT Tmebi gaeCeCa, (es faqtia, 

romelic emsaxureba dasabuTebul moqmedebas). unda moviyvanoT 

Tavi wesrigSi (es mizania), am miznisaTvis vmoqmedeb, visworeb 

Tmebs, „xelis aweva“ meqanikuri moZraobaa, romlis mizezi da 

mizani ucnobia. es moZraoba SeiZleba sxvadasxva mizeziTa da 

mizniT Sesruldes. mag: visworeb Tmebs, vaCereb taqss, viReb Tarodan 

wigns, minda miviqcio yuradReba da a. S. moZraoba - es 

mxolod sivrceSi gadaadgileba, an mdgomareobis Secvlaa. moqmedeba 

- es saqmianobaa mimarTuli gansazRvruli miznisaken. Tu 

moqmedeba garegnulad aqtiurad gamoxatulia, maSin mas SeiZleba 

„garegnuli moqmedeba“ vuwodoT, magram SeiZleba moqmedeba 

ar iyos aqtiurad gamoxatuli, am SemTxvevaSi is arsebobs, rogorc 

„Sinagani moqmedeba“. Sinagani moqmedeba yovelTvis saxezea, 

Tu adamiani miiltvis raRac miznisaken. davuSvaT adamians 

unda moifiqros raRac saqcieli, garegnulad is rCeba mSvidi, 

gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg is iwyebs mis ganxorcielebas. 

sad ufro metad moqmedebda, rodesac cdilobda moefiqrebina, 

Tu rodesac anxorcielebda. gansazRvra Znelia, radgan Sinagani 

moqmedebis gareSe (mofiqreba) ar arsebobs garegani (saqcieli). 

scenuri moqmedeba gansxvavdeba cxovrebiseulisagan imiT, 

rom cxovrebaSi adamiani iqceva, rogorc cnobierad, aseve Seugneblad. 

scenaze msaxiobi movalea yovelTvis icodes: 1. ras ake- 

Tebs da 2. risTvis, ra miznisaTvis moqmedebs, e.i. msaxiobma unda 

icodes misi momqmedi scenuri amocana. scenuri amocana - es saxis 

moqmedebebis rigia mimarTuli erTi gansazRvruli miznisaken. 

scenuri amocana 3 elementisgan Sedgeba: 

1. moqmedeba - pasuxobs SekiTxvaze ; 

2. wadili - pasuxobs SekiTxvaze an ; 

3. Segueba - pasuxobs SekiTxvaze . 

217

moqmedeba da wadili - es amocanis pirobebia, Segueba - es 

scenuri amocanis gadawyvetaa. amocanis moqmedebis Sesrulebis 

forma misi garegani gamoxatulebaa. amocanis pirobebi (ras vakeTeb? 

ra msurs?) msaxiobma unda daisaxos cnobierad. vidre daiwyebdes 

moqmedebas, man unda icodes mizani, romelic dgas momqmedi 

piris winaSe. icodes risi miRweva surs saxes. amocanis 

Sesruleba (Segueba) TavisTavad ibadeba moqmedebis Sesrulebis 

dros, amitom winaswar gadavwyvitoT sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu 

rogor SevasrulebT amocanas, ra formiT vimoqmedebT - amaze 

ar unda vifiqroT. amocanas ganapirobebs mocemuli viTareba. 

mocemuli viTarebebis Sefaseba amocanis mizandasaxuli motivirebaa 

(ndoma) da partnioris zemoqmedeba im qcevaze, romelsac 

me „veguebi“, gansazRvraven Cemi Seguebis xasiaTs da amocanis 

Sesrulebis ritms. Seguebis moZebna - es SemoqmedebiTi momentia 

da moiTxovs SemoqmedebiTi mdgomareobis yvela cnobil 

elements (yuradRebas, kunTebis Tavisuflebas, gamarTlebas da 

a. S.). ramdenadac zustad aris gansazRvruli amocanis pirobebi, 

ramdenadac gamarTlebulia sagulisxmo viTarebebi, imdenad 

advilad, sworad da srulad ibadeba Segueba. aviRoT magaliTad 

yvelaze ubralo moqmedeba da SevxedoT rogor Seicvleba Segueba 

miznis motivirebis (ndoma) SecvliT. moqmedeba - vaReb kars: 

1. ndoma - rom gavaniavo oTaxi; 

2. ndoma - rom gavigo ras laparakoben mezobel oTaxSi; 

3. ndoma - rom Sevxvde Seyvarebuls; 

4. ndoma - rom Tavi gadavirCino; 

5. ndoma - rom wavaswro danaSaulis adgilas da a. S. 

naTelia, rom Segueba e.i. Sesrulebis forma da xasiaTi, 

moqmedebis ritmi yovelTvis iqneba sxvadasxva, damokidebuli 

imaze, Tu risTvis sruldeba moqmedeba. am magaliTebidan Cans, 

rom scenuri amocanis mTavar da gadamwyvet elements warmoadgens 

meore elementi - ndoma (risTvis vakeTeb? ra minda? risi 

miRweva msurs? raSi mdgomareobs Cemi mizani?). rogor movZebnoT 

mocemuli momentisaTvis saWiro „ndoma?“, amisaTvis saWiroa 

gavigoT ra surs mocemuli momentisaTvis moTamaSe saxes 

da saxis ndoma gavixadoT Cvens ndomad. msaxiobis artistuloba 

218

ganisazRvreba unariT surdes is rac surs saxes, amisaTvis msaxiobma 

yovelTvis unda Caayenos sakuTari Tavi nagulisxmev vi- 

TarebaSi, eubneba Tavs: „Tuki me aseTi da aseTi adamiani (rogorc 

moTamaSe saxe) Cavvardebodi iseT viTarebaSi, mindoda esa 

Tu is, vimoqmedebdi ase“, iqve msaxiobi asrulebs im moqmedebebs, 

romlebic gamomdinareoben dasaxuli ndomisagan. msaxiobis damajereblobis 

xarisxi ganisazRvreba am „Tu, ki“, „Tu, rom“ ZaliT, 

e. i. sceniuri rwmeniT tyuilis mimarT, rogorc simarTlisadmi. 

Teatraluri xelovnebis didi reformatori stanislavski 

„Tu, ki“, „Tu, rom“-s uwodebda magiurs. scenuri moqmedeba 

mxolod maSin daainteresebs mayurebels, roca es moqmedeba Seejaxeba 

ukumoqmedebas (kontrmoqmedeba). scenuri ukuqmedeba - 

esaa winaaRmdegoba, romelic warmoiSoba miznis miRwevisaTvis 

mimaval gzaze, romlis winaSe dgas moqmedi piri. namdvili scenuri 

moqmedeba SeuZlebelia ukumoqmedebasTan brZolis arsebobis 

gareSe, scenuri amocana maSin Sesruldeba sworad, roca 

is iTvaliswinebs winaaRmdegobebTan brZolas. ukumoqmedeba SeiZleba 

iyos garegani da Sinagani, saerTod ukumoqmedebis gare- 

Se ar SeiZleba iyos scenuri amocana, mxolod brZola (garegani 

an Sinagani) Sobs moqmedebas. maSasadame msaxiobi - moqmedebis 

ostatia, moqmedeba ki aRiniSneba zmniT da yoveli zmna aris moqmedeba, 

magram yvela zmna ar gamodgeba „sceniuri moqmedebis“ 

aRsaniSnavad, amisaTvis srulebiT ar gamodgeba grZnobis aRmniSvneli 

zmnebi. grZnoba da moqmedeba - es erTi da igive ar 

aris, isini sxvadasxva cnebebia. grZnoba warmoiqmneba CvenSi 

uneblied, ibadeba TavisTavad raRac viTarebis, movlenis, faqtis 

sapasuxod. 

mag. survilis Sesruleba gamoiwvevs sixaruls, warumatebloba 

- danaRvlianebas, usamarTloba an sulmdabloba - risxvas. 

es grZnobebi,rogorc yvela sxva, ar eqvemdebareba nebisyofis an 

gonebis brZanebas. arafriT ar SeiZleba aiZulo Tavi, ise ubralod, 

yovelgvari mizezis gareSe gvewyinos an gagvixardes, gamovcadoT 

mrisxaneba an Secodeba. Tu grZnoba unebliea, moqmedeba 

mTlianad Cvenzea damokidebuli - CavidinoT saqcieli Tu 

Tavi SevikavoT, Cven SegviZlia davfiqrdeT mis Sedegebze da vi- 

219

moqmedoT gonebis daskvnis Tanaxmad. raTa ganvasxvavoT grZnobis 

aRmniSvneli zmna survilis aRmniSvneli zmnisagan, upirveles 

yovlisa sakuTar Tavs unda davusvaT SekiTxva: „SemiZlia 

Tu ara amis gakeTeba? Cems nebazea Tu ara es damokidebuli?“ avi- 

RoT zmna „Sebraleba“ - SeiZleba Tu ara Seicodo adamiani ubralod 

imitom, rom Tqven SegTavazes amis gakeTeba? ra Tqma unda 

ara. ganvicdi Tu ara me Sebralebis grZnobas, es Cemze ar aris 

damokidebuli (zogjer xdeba, unda Seicodo adamiani, romelic 

mwuxarebaSia, is raRaciT ara sasiamovnoa, an odesRac gawyeninaT. 

ramdenic ar unda ecadoT, ar SegecodebaT), magram davam- 

Svido, davarwmuno, vanugeSo - es me SemiZlia imisda miuxedavad, 

mecodeba es adamiani Tu ara, miyvars Tu gulgrili var mis mimarT. 

amrigad, „Sebraleba“ grZnobaa, „davamSvido“ - moqmedebaa. 

SesaZlebelia Tu ara gagvikvirdes Cveni nebiT? Tu moxda raime 

moulodneloba, adamians SeiZleba daebados an ar daebados es 

grZnoba. „gakvirveba“, „aRrfTovaneba“, „sixaruli“ - yvela es 

grZnobebia da ara moqmedeba, ras mivakuTvnoT zmnebi „gavakvirvoT“, 

„gavaocoT“? moqmedebas, imitom rom Cven SeiZleba movifiqroT 

mravali xerxi, ganvancvifroT an gavaocoT adamianebi, 

dawyebuli ubralo xumrobidan, damTavrebuli iseTi unaris demonstraciiT, 

romlis Sesaxeb aqamde aravin araferi icoda. SeiZleba 

SevarCioT moqmedebisa da grZnobis mravali magaliTi. 

„Sevecado davamSvido vinme“ moqmedebaa, „davinteresde“ grZnobaa, 

„vawyenino“ moqmedebaa, „mewyina“ grZnobaa, e. i. moqmedeba 

gansxvavdeba imiT, rom is eqvemdebareba Cvens nebas. gonebis daxmarebiT 

Cven virCevT rogor moviqceT. grZnobebis klasifikacia 

Tanrigebis mixedviT da yoveli Tanrigis gamovlenis dadgenis 

mudmivi formula ar SeiZleba. yovel grZnobas yoveli adamianisaTvis, 

yvela calkeul SemTxvevaSi aqvs gamoxatvis ganumeorebeli 

forma, amitom srulebiT ar unda vifiqroT imaze, rogor 

viTamaSoT esa Tu is grZnoba. grZnoba da misi gamosaxvis 

forma unda warmoiSvas Tavad amocanisa da kontrmoqmedebis Sejaxebis 

Sedegad, unda viTamaSoT amocanebi da ara grZnobebi, 

unda icode „wadili“ da wadilis Sesabamisad imoqmedo. 

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SevajamoT Sedegebi: amrigad, scenuri moqmedebis winaaRmdegobrivi 

brZolis gareSe ar arsebobs Teatri. scenuri moqmedebis 

safuZvels warmoadgens mizani, is gamoixateba scenur 

amocanaSi, amocanis mTavar elements warmoadgens saxis wadili, 

romelic Semsruleblis artistuli Tvisebis ZaliT unda gaxdes 

msaxiobis wadilad. wadili da sagulisxmo viTareba gansaz- 

Rvravs Seguebis arCevas, romlebic ibadebian moqmedebis procesSi 

da winaswar ar unda daisaxos amocanis Sesrulebisas. rogorc 

Sedegi Sejexebisa, ukumoqmedebasTan TavisTavad warmoi- 

Soba saWiro scenuri grZnoba. 

savarjiSoebi 

mocemuli savarjiSoebi, iseve rogorc wina savarjiSoebi 

sruldeba TviTon Semsruleblis piriT - „me mocemul viTareba- 

Si“. Semsrulebelma sakuTari Tavi unda Caayenos mocemul viTarebaSi, 

amocanaSi mocemuli wadili gaixados Tavis wadilad da 

imisda mixedviT imoqmedos. unda SevaxsenoT studentebs amocanis 

sami elementi: 

1. moqmedeba - ras vakeTeb? 

2. wadili - risTvis vakeTeb? 

3. Segueba - rogor vakeTeb? 

mivuTiToT, rom riTmis da Seguebis Secvla aq damokidebulia 

amocanis meore elementze - risTvis vakeTeb? mesame elementi 

(rogor?) winaswar ar miecemaT, igi ibadeba pirveli da meore 

elementis Sesrulebisas. 

1. vjdebi magidasTan: 

a) wavikiTxo leqcia, 

b) visadilo, 

g) mivce Cveneba gamomZiebels, 

d) davisveno da a.S. 

2. vwer werils: 

a) gavexumro, 

b) gavaxaro, 

g) gamoviwvio TanagrZnoba, 

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222 

d) davemuqro da a.S. 

3. vaTvaliereb gazeTs: 

a) movZebno Cemi statia, 

b) dro gaviyvano, 

g) gavigo fexburTis matCis Sedegebi da a. S. 

4. vaTvaliereb, raTa 

a) Seviswavlo, 

b) gavixseno, 

g) viyido da a.S. 

5. mivdivar, raTa: 

a) Sevxvde, 

b) gavagdo, 

g) pasuxi vagebino da a.S. 

6. karze vakakuneb, raTa: 

a) viTxovo Sesvlis neba, 

b) gamoviZaxo, 

g) gavafrTxilo safrTxis Sesaxeb, 

d) Sevawyvetino xmauri da a.S. 

7. vimalebi, raTa: 

a) gavaxaro, 

b) SevaSino, 

g) gavamasxarao, 

d) gavakvirvo da a.S. 

8. velodebi, raTa: 

a) gavarkvio, 

b) davtuqso, 

g) patieba vTxovo, 

d) gavumaspinZlde da a.S. 

9. visveneb, raTa: 

a) gza ganvagrZo, 

b) vivarjiSo, 

g) vimuSao da a.S. 

10. davdivar, raTa: 

a) gavTbe,

) gavivarjiSo, 

g) veZeb, 

d) yuradReba miaqcio axal kostums da a. S. 

scenuri urTierToba 

Tu Cven Tavis droze vambobdiT, rom scenaze viTarebis 

umniSvnelo cvla iwvevs Cveni qcevis Secvlas, gvaiZulebs ra yovel 

jerze miseburad masTan Seguebas. ramdenad ufro Zneli da 

sapasuxismgebloa Sevides urTierTmoqmedebaSi, urTierTSeeguos 

ori adamiani scenaze, romelTac gaaCniaT Tavisi azrebi da 

grZnobebi, romlebsac Taviseburad gamoxataven scenaze. partniorTa 

erTmaneTze zemoqmedebas Cven vuwodebT scenur ur- 

TierTobebs. scenuri urTierToba msaxiobis ostatobis yvela 

ZiriTad elements agvirgvinebs. Tu partniorTa Soris urTier- 

Toba ar damyarda, yoveli scenuri moqmedeba mkvdari, usicocxlo 

da damajereblobas moklebuli iqneba. realur cxovrebaSi 

adamianTa Soris urTierTdamokidebulebis ori saxe arsebobs: 

martivi da rTuli. mag. mekiTxebian rogor mivide fostasTan, 

TeatrTan, meriasTan da a. S. da me vpasuxob. rodesac adamianebi 

erTmaneTs elaparakebian - es martivi saxea. urTierTdamokidebulebis 

meore saxe ufro rTuli da sainteresoa, rodesac 

Tqven gindaT raRac arasasiamovno ram macnoboT da ver axerxebT 

Tqmas, vgrZnob, rom raRacis Tqma gindaT CemTvis da ver 

mibedavT, vcdilob migixvdeT. 

cxovrebaSi Cven erTmaneTze vmoqmedebT ara marto mosmeniT 

da SexedviT, aramed uSualo urTierTobiTac. xSirad esa 

Tu is „ganwyoba“, „atmosfero“ ganisazRvreba Sekrebili xalxis 

TvisebebiT: mZime, eWviani, arasimpaTiuri adamianis stumrobam, 

SeiZleba warmoSvas uxerxulobisa da Sinagani daZabulobis 

grZnoba adamianebSi, romlebic exlaxan mxiarulobdnen. Tu adamiani 

ganicdis did mwuxarebas, is grZnobs meore adamianis TanagrZnobas 

(garegnuli moqmedebiT, romc ar iyos gamoxatuli). 

unda aRiniSnos, rom adamianebs SeuZliaT zemoqmedeba moaxdinon 

erTmaneTze mxedvelobisa da smenis TiTqmis SeumCnevlad. 

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es cxovrebis kanoni urTierTobisa: adamianebs Soris Sinagani 

kavSirisa da urTierTzemoqmedebisa - unda iqnes gaazrebuli 

da gadatanili scenaze. scenuri urTierT-Soris damokidebulebis 

dros, moqmed partniorTa Soris myardeba iseTi Sinagani 

damokidebuleba, rodesac erTis moqmedebis sul odnav Secvla 

iwvevs meoreSi Sesaferis gamoZaxils da cvlilebebs yofaqceva- 

Si. amasTanave orive erTdroulad imyofeba urTierTmoqmedebis 

gavlenis qveS da moqmedeben erTi meoris yofaqcevaze. es or 

partniors Soris Sinagani urTierTmoqmedeba da urTierTdamokidebulebaa. 

mag. Tu me msurs raime ganiSno TvalebiT, Tqven grZnobT 

Cemi Tvalebis metyvelebas da gaZlevT saSualebas aseve mipasuxoT. 

stanislavski amas „gamosxivebas“ da „sxivTa aTvisebas“ uwodebda. 

es uxilavi Zafebia gabmuli partniorTa Soris, rodesac 

erTi saTuTad exeba am Zafs, meore ki maSinve SeigrZnobs. adamianebi 

xSirad laparakoben TvalebiT, xandaxan Tvalebi sityvaze 

ufro metyvelia. Cven es SesaniSnavad gvexerxeba da amis swavla 

aravis ar sWirdeba. rodesac adamiani scenuri cxovrebis samyaroSi 

Sedgams fexs, amis unars maSinve kargavs. scenuri urTier- 

Toba mWidro kavSirSia msaxiobis WeSmarit scenur yuradRebis 

unarTan. cotaa uyurebde partniors - mas unda xedavde, saWiroa, 

rom Tvalebi aRniSnavdes mcired elfers partnioris mimikaSi, 

cotaa ismende partniors - mas unda usmende, saWiroa, rom 

yuri iWerdes mcired niuansebsac ki partnioris intonaciaSi, 

cotaa xedavde da ismende - unda gesmodes partnioris, Sens azrovnebaSi 

uneblied unda gesmodes partnioris, unda aRniSno 

misi azrebis mciredi gabrwyineba, cotaa gaugo partniors - sa- 

Wiroa is igrZno, iWerde faqiz cvlilebebs mis grZnobebSi. 

amasTanave saWiroa partnioris mier naTqvami sityvebis, azrebisa 

da qcevebis aTviseba yovelTvis axlebulad - TiTqos is pirveli 

naTqvami iyos, pirveli mzera da pirveli saqcieli. 

raSi vlindeba urTierToba? - Seguebis urTierTdamokidebulebaSi. 

yovelgvari Segueba unda warmoiSvas, rogorc partniorTa 

urTierTmoqmedebis nayofi, rogorc Sedegi urTier- 

Tobisa, amitom xerxebisa da ferebis winaswar gaTvaliswineba 

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SeuZlebelia, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi msaxiobis moqmedeba scenaze 

uSualobas da bunebriobas kargavs. uSualobas, sicxades, 

moulodnelobasa da xibls mxolod iseTi scenuri feri flobs 

(intonacia, moZraoba, Jesti), romelic moZebnilia partniorTan 

cocxali urTierTobis procesSi, xolo Seguebas, romelic napovnia 

urTierTobis gareSe, yovelTvis adevs xelovnurobis, 

zogjer ki ufro uaresi - Sablonis cudi gemovnebisa da xelosnobis 

nadebi. 

scenuri urTierToba iTiSeba maSin: 

1. rodesac msaxiobi ar aris dainteresebuli imiT, miiRo 

Tu ara partniorma mis mier mowodebuli azri; 

2. rodesac Tavad msaxiobi ver aiTvisebs partnioris mier 

gamogzavnil sapasuxo azrs. 

ras niSnavs aiTviso „sapasuxo azri?“ msaxiobi unda gaerkves 

imaSi, aiTvisa da Seafasa e. i. gamonaxa Tu ara damokidebuleba 

gamogzavnili azrisadmi. urTierTobis sqema ase unda warmovidginoT: 

1. gadavcem azrs; 

2. Tvals vadevneb, miiRo da aiTvisa Tu ara igi partniorma; 

3. viTviseb gadmocemul sapasuxo azrs; 

4. vafaseb am azrs; 

5. vpasuxob, e. i. gadavcem sapasuxo azrs. 

amrigad, scenuri urTierToba unda ganisazRvros, rogorc 

partniorebis erTmaneTze zemoqmedeba da erTmaneTs Soris 

uwyveti Sinagani kavSiri, roca umciresi cvalebadoba er- 

Tis qcevaSi iwvevs Sesabamis cvlilebebs meores qcevaSi. sityva 

„qceva“ unda gavigoT, rogorc adamianis Sinagani da garegani nebismieri 

moqmedeba, gamoxatuli ara marto viTarebis cvlaSi, 

aramed mdgomareobis cvlaSi. realur cxovrebaSi Cveni TviT 

yvelaze Cveuli da xSirad gameorebuli, ise rogorc wina Sexvedra 

iyo, arasodes meordeba. Cven SegviZlia asjer viTamaSoT 

erTi da igive scenaze, garegani naxazi TiTqmis zustad meordeba, 

TiTqmis yovelTvis rCeba umcires detalebSi, Tvalebis gamometyvelebaSi, 

Zlivs SesamCnev cvlilebebSi, intonaciaSi, iq- 

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neba raRac gansxvaveba, romelic gamoiwvevs cocxal reaqcias. 

scenur STabeWdilebebze „TiTqos pirvelad“ reagireba msaxiobis 

Semoqmedebis am Zvirfasi Tvisebis aRzrda, Tavis TavSi xdeba 

SemoqmedebiTi procesis ori momentis dauflebis Sedegad: 

1. repeticiebis da speqtaklis win aqtiuri SemoqmedebiTi 

mdgomareobiT (samoqmedo mzadyofna); 

2. saimprovizacio ganwyobiT. 

amis safuZvelze msaxiobs urTierTmoqmedebis da partniorTan 

scenaze urTierTobis damyarebis SesaZlebloba eZleva. 

e. i. partniorze zegavlenisa da partniorTan damokidebulebiT 

Tavisi yofaqcevis gansazRvris SesaZlebloba uCndeba. 

k. stanislavskim Camoayaliba scenaze msaxiobTa urTier- 

Tobis xuTi stadia: 

1. garemomcvel pirobebSi orientacia da obieqtis arCeva; 

2. obiqtTan misvlisa da yuradRebis mipyrobis momenti; 

3. obeqtis sulis zondirebis momenti TvalebiT, ucxo sulis 

Semzadeba subieqtis azrebis, grZnobebisa da xilvebis msubuqad, 

Tavisuflad aRqmisTvis; 

4. obieqtisTvis Tavisi xilvebis gadacema gamosxivebis, 

xmis, sityvis, intonaciis da Seguebis daxmarebiT. survili da 

cda aiZuloT obieqti, aramarto gaigonos, gaigos, aramed dainaxos 

Sinagani mxedvelobiT ras da rogor xedavs Tavad gadamcemi 

subieqti; 

5. obiqtTan Sexmianebis, gamosxivebisa da Sinagani denis mi- 

Rebis momenti qmnis urTierTobis organul process. 

SevecadoT gaverkveT stanislavskis mier SemoTavazebul 

sqemaSi. Cven vxedavT, rom ormxrivi aqtiuri urTierToba, zemoqmedeba 

warmoiqmneba mxolod mexuTe stadiaSi, winamdebare 

oTxi - mexuTe stadiis momzadebaa. pirveli stadiaa subieqtis 

momzadeba urTierTobisTvis, misi sakuTari yuradRebis mokreba, 

meore da mesame stadiebi - partniorze zemoqmedebis procesi, 

kontaqtis damyareba subieqtsa da obieqts Soris. Semoqmedebis 

pirveli etapis amocanaa partnioris Semzadeba informaciis 

miRebisa da aRqmisaTvis. mesame stadiaSi ueWvelad moqmedebs 

yuradReba obieqtis mxridan, kontaqti damyarebulia, obieqti 

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unda Sevides urTierTobis procesSi. meoTxe stadia zemoqmedebis 

meore etapi da informaciis gacemis momentia. amrigad, obieqtis 

mxridan mocemuli informaciis aRqmis momenti vinaidan, 

mexuTe stadiaSi moxdeba gamopasuxeba. ormxrivi gacvla, urTierToba 

- zemoqmedeba awyobili iqneba. 

aucilebelia avRniSnoT, rom obieqtis aRqmisa da sapasuxo 

reaqciaSi ueWvelad arsebobs obieqtis mier miRebuli informaciis 

Sefasebis momenti. aRqmis xarisxi da erT-erTi partnioris 

zemoqmedeba ayalibebs sapasuxo gamoZaxils, meore 

partnioris sapasuxo zemoqmedebas. 

stanislavskis mier Camoyalibebuli xuTi stadiis sqema 

mokled ase gamoiyureba. yuradReba - zemoqmedeba (kontaqtis 

damyareba - informociis gacema), aRqma - Sefaseba - pasuxi (an sapasuxo 

zemoqmedeba) da Semdeg isev yuradReba - aRqma - Sefaseba 

- pasuxi. Tu SevecdebiT gamoviyenoT urTierToba - zemoqmedebis 

ufro kompaqturi formula, mosamzadebeli stadiebis gare- 

Se miviRebT Semdegs: zemoqmedeba - aRqma - Sefaseba - zemoqmedeba. 

mxolod adamianuri organulobis bunebriobisa da moulodnelobis 

aRqmis pirobebSia SesaZlebeli WeSmariti urTierTkav- 

Siri speqtaklSi. mxolod amgvari cocxali urTierToba, daZabuloba 

da siRrme da organuli sasceno kontaqtebi saboloo 

jamSi adamianebs Soris warmoqmnis sasceno moqmedebas, romelic 

iqceva piesis sicocxled - speqtaklad. 

savarjiSoebi da etiudebi 

etiudebi urTierTobaze erTgvari Sejamebaa yovelive 

imisa, riTac unda aRWurviliyo am etapze momavali msaxiobi: 

1. yuradReba unda iyos organuli; 

2. kunTebi unda hqondes Tavisufali; 

3. unda SeeZlos swori damokidebulebis monaxva, e. i. Sefaseba; 

4. hqondes gamaxvilebuli simarTlis grZnoba - „TviTkontroli“ 

emociuri mexsierebis safuZvelze; 

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5. imoqmedos Segnebulad mocemul pirobebSi da garemoebebSi 

dasaxuli sceniuri amocanis mixedviT; 

6. partniorTan SeeZlos daamyaros urTierTmoqmedeba. 

es pirveladi elementebi organulad aris dakavSirebuli 

erTmaneTTan da erTi meoresagan gamomdinareobs, erTmaneTSia 

gadajaWvuli, erT-erTi maTganis gaTiSva arRvevs mTlianobas, 

msaxiobis Semoqmedebis organul process. 

vidre sasceno urTierTobis savarjiSoebze gadavidodeT, 

studentebis yuradRebis aqcenti unda gadavitanoT im faqtze, 

rom principSi urTierTobis elementebi maTTvis ukve nacnobia. 

pirveli mecadineobis savarjiSoebi aucileblad Seicavdnen 

urTierTobis elementebs, gavixsenoT yuradRebis savarjiSoebi, 

„gacnoba“. „pirveli - mexuTe“ - es savarjiSoebi tardeba naxevarwreSi 

koleqtiurad, Cveni yuradReba mTlianad mimarTulia 

naxevarwreze da cal-calke TiToeul partniorze, Cven damokidebulni 

varT erTmaneTze da erTi exmareba meores. amrigad, 

mimdinareobs urTierToba da procesi. 

1. yvela masobrivi moZravi TamaSebi ver Caivlis partniorTa 

urTierTobis gareSe. jgufs vavalebT gaixsenon zogier- 

Ti masobrivi savarjiSoebi, moeSvan, modundnen, amoZravdnen da 

iTamaSon „xelburTi“. am savarjiSo TamaSSi namdvili realuri 

urTierTobaa: burTs esvrian erTmaneTs da amiT urTierTTan 

cocxal kontaqtSi Sedian, es ara marto urTierTkavSiri da 

kontaqtia, aramed urTierTzemoqmedebacaa, partniorebs realuri 

burTi akavSirebT. aq moqmedebs urTierTobis ramdenime 

faza: aiRo orientacia, daamyara kontaqti, gadasca burTi, bur- 

TTan erTad gadasca informacia „xe“, e. i. moaxdina zemoqmedeba, 

aRiqva - miiRo burTi - Seafasa, upasuxa „aswlovani“; 

2. wreSi zurgSeqceviT dgebian, gaiTvlian da Tvalebs xu- 

Waven, wris centrSi dgas „wamyvani“, romelic yvelas xedavs, is 

irCevs erT-erT partniors, xmamaRla ugzavnis Sesatyvis signals, 

usaxelebs nebismier cifrs, mag. oTxs, es signali unda mii- 

Ros swored iman, visac wamyvani mimarTavs da upasuxos - „oTxi“, 

Tu gzavnili miiRo iman, viskenac iyo mimarTuli, wamyvani ir- 

Cevs sxva obieqts da asaxelebs axal cifrs, romelic ukanas- 

228

knelma unda miiRos. xSirad signals Rebulobs ara is, romliskenac 

is aris mimarTuli, aramed mezobeli pasuxobs „oTxi“, ma- 

Sin wamyvani imeorebs signals... da ase grZeldeba manam, vidre 

mas ar miiRebs is, visac igi egzavneba. 

3. mTeli jgufi gamodis scenaze da xelmZRvanelis niSanze 

iwyebs moZraobas. moZraoben nebismierad, SeuTanxmeblad, Ti- 

Toeuli sakuTari tempiTa da marSrutiT. pedagogi awesrigebs 

am sayovelTao moZraobas da drogamoSvebiT iZleva gankargulebas: 

„swrafad“, „ufro swrafad“, „Tamamad“, „ufro mSvidad“, 

„wynarad“ da a.S. nebismieri TanmimdevrobiT. pedagogis winaSe 

yvela Cerdeba, erT adgilze qvavdeba da moZraoba xelaxla iwyeba. 

saerTo masaSi moZraobis procesSi, TiToeuli monawile koordinacias 

ukeTebs Tavis moZraobas, amxanagebis gadaadgilebis 

mixedviT. ikvalavs sakuTar marSuts ise, rom ar gadakveTos 

sxvebis moZraobis xazi da amdenad, yuradRebiT unda iyos sxvebis 

mimarT, magram pedagogi arTulebs amocanas, is Txovs monawileebs 

daamyaron partniorebTan garkveuli kontaqti - moZraobis 

dros TiToeuli monawile koordinacias ukeTebs Tavis 

marSruts sxvebTan kavSirSi, xvdeba maT, visac gzaze gadaawydeba, 

Sexvedrisas xeliT exeba partniors, jer marjvena, mere marcxena, 

mere xels urtyams beWze, moZraoba ki grZeldeba da 

grZeldeba. axla igi sakmaod aqtiuri unda iyos, swraf tempSi 

unda mimdinareobdes, mere isev SeiZleba ganvaaxloT jgufSi 

warmoqmnili gamococxleba, vTxovoT monawileebs imoZraon 

ufro nela, ar Seexon erTmaneTs, iaron mSvidad, Semdeg SiZleba 

SevTavazoT „moZebneT erTmaneTi“. es niSnavs: ganagrZoben ra siaruls 

arCeuli individualuri marSrutiT, yoveli maTgani 

eZebs konkretul partniors, sakuTari survilis mixedviT. amas- 

Tan, arafriT ar unda gaamJRavnon Tu vis eZeben, verc erTi monawile 

ver xvdeba, Tu vis veZeb me. moZraobis SeuCereblad unda 

vipovoT partniori da davamyaroT kontaqti, TvalebiT SevxvdeT 

mas visTanac gvsurs Sexvedra, davamyaroT kavSiri. akvirdeba 

ra am situaciis ganviTarebas, Tundac mokle droSi, pedagogi 

aucileblad SeamCnevs TamaSis dros Seqmnil wyvilebsa da 

„samkuTxedebs“. esaa savarjiSoebi kunTebis Tavisuflebis, siv- 

229

cis koordinaciis da rasakvirvelia - urTierTobisaTvis. monawileebi 

cdiloben erTmaneTTan Sinagani kontaqtis damyarebas. 

4. „brmebi“ - studentebi midian erTmaneTis miyolebiT, daxuWuli 

TvalebiT, orive xelebi win mimavalis mxrebze aqvT dawyobili, 

„brmebs“ win gamZRoli miuZRvis, maT skamebis labirin- 

TSi unda gaiaron; 

5. gogo da biWi - gogo dgas zurgSeqceviT ori-sami metris 

dacilebiT ise, rom biWi mas uyurebs kefaze, biWis amocanaa - 

uyuros gogos, misces azrobrivi brZaneba moixiblos, gogom 

icis biWis amocana, magram ar icis ra momentSi gaicema brZaneba. 

gogonas amocana - gaTavisufldes da mzad iyos kavSirisaTvis, e. 

i. mTeli Tavisi arsebiT igrZnos partniori. savarjiSos mayurebelma 

rom igrZnos, Tu rodis gadaicema azrobrivi brZneba, Cven 

vTxovT biWs TiTiT gvaniSnos, (gogona, romelic dgas zurdSeqceviT 

amas ver dainaxavs). 

pirveli savarjiSoebi urTierTobaze unda iyos usityvo, 

partniorebi unda CavayenoT iseT viTarebaSi, rac maT Soris 

laparakis aucileblobasa da SesaZleblobas gamoricxavs. 

6. biWi xvdeba qaliSvils universitetis derefanSi. guSin 

Seecada misTvis siyvaruli aexsna, qaliSvilma uariT gaistumra; 

7. Sexvedra amxanagTan, romlis winaaRmdeg mkveTrad gailaSqra 

krebaze; 

rogorc pirvel, ise meore SemTxvevaSi arsebiTia Tavad 

Sexvedris momenti, kontaqtis ramdenime wami, is, Tu ra xdeba 

adamianebs Soris dalaparakebamde. 

8. gogo da biWi erTmaneTs Sordeba raRac umniSvnelo wyenis 

gamo. sijiute ar aZlevT maT saSualebas, patieba iTxovon, 

saWiroa erTi sityva, sulerTia romeli maTgani warmoTqvams da 

problema gadawydeba. orive aRgznebuli elodeba am sityvas, 

magram arcerTi ar ambobs. amocana SemdegSi mdgomareobs: nelnela 

scildebian erTmaneTs da miemarTebian sxvadasxva mxares, 

erTdroulad Cerdebian da moixedaven, Txovna patiebaze ar gaisma, 

orive erTmaneTs Sordeba; 

230

9. ori amxanagi (gogonebi an biWebi) cxovroben erT oTaxSi, 

waiCxubnen, erTma meores raRaciT Zalian awyenina (viTareba, 

romelic unda gavamarTloT). es yvelaferi moxda savarjiSos 

dawyebamde, TviTon savarjiSo iwyeba imiT, rom isini erTmaneTs 

ar elaparakebian; 

10. ori amxanagi (gogonebi an biWebi) cxovroben erT oTax- 

Si, erTi swavlobs da adre wveba dasaZineblad, meore seirnobidan 

gvian brundeba, karg xasiaTzea, xmaurobs, SeiZleba moqmedeba 

Cxubamde mivides, etiudi maSinve mTavrdeba (rodesac gadavalT 

urTierTobaze sityvebiT, maSin SeiZleba gavagrZeloT am 

Temaze muSaoba); 

11. zRvis napiras erTmaneTTan moSorebiT zis ori ucnobi 

adamiani da Tevzaobs (ankesebi da vedroebi). erTs umarTlebs, 

Tevzi kargad edeba ankess, vedro savsea TevzebiT, meore verafers 

iWers, vedro carieli aqvs, warmoiSoba urTierToba, erTs 

Surs, meore niSans ugebs; 

12. orni sanadirod. absoluturi siCumea. urTierToben 

mxolod niSnebis daxmarebiT, aRmoaCenen nadirs an frinvels. 

dasasruli moifiqreT rogorc gindaT; 

13. unda moiparon seifis SigTavsi, (fuli an saidumlo dokumentebi), 

romelsac lazerebi da signalizacia icavs, urTier- 

Toben, mxolod niSnebis daxmarebiT; 

14. erT-erTi studenti, SemoTavazebuli garemoebis mixedviT, 

iyos erT-erTi gogonas „saqmro“ da dRes saRamos leqciebis 

Semdeg, universitetTan unda Sexvdes. Tanakurselebi 

saqmros ar icnoben, is ki yvelam icis, rom biWi qvemoT icdis. 

leqcia damTavrda, yvela studenti, rasakvirvelia, cal-calke 

unda gavides universitetidan, Sexvdes ucnob adamians, romelic 

sacoles elodeba. TiToeulma maTganma unda Seicvalos 

damokidebuleba imis mimarT, vinc „saqmros TamaSobs“, mag: erTi 

gulianad miesalmeba, meore Seecdeba SeaTvalieros, ras warmoadgens, 

meseme ki swrafad Cauvlis da arc ki Sexedavs. erTi sityviT, 

yvela moiqceva ise, rogorc moiqceodnen am SemTxvevaSi 

cxovrebaSi; 

231

15. igive monawile, romelic exlaxan „saqmro“ iyo, gadaiqces 

„yofil qmrad“. daaxloebiT erTi wlis win man datova coli 

da Tavi Zalzed cudad gamoamJRavna. exla sxva qalaqSi cxovrobs, 

sxva ojaxi aqvs da ganqorwinebis sakiTxzea Camosuli. situacia 

da amocana igivea, rac wina SemTxvevaSi, igi universitetis 

win dgas, monawileni leqciebis Semdeg rigrigobiT xvdebian 

„yofil qmars“, mxolod am SemTxvevaSi xvdebian adamians, romelsac 

yvela icnobs, albaT vinme Cauvlis, demonstraciulad 

zedac ar Sexedavs da arc SeCerdeba,zogi albaT ar SeimCnevs, 

rom icnobs mas, romelime Tavis dakvriT miesalmeba da gaivlis, 

romelime ki albaT miuaxlovdeba da gamoelaparakeba. damokidebuleba 

unda Seicvalos da daTvlil wamebSi damyardes usityvo 

Sinagani kontaqti, Tundac maTi Tvalebi erTmaneTs ar Sexvdes. 

etiudebamde Cven savarjiSoebidan mivdivarT. etiudi savarjiSoa, 

magram yvela savarjiSo etiudi ar aris. etiudi es savarjiSoa, 

romelic asaxavs cxovrebis Sinaarsis, cxovrebis 

procesis monakveTs. etiudis safuZvels yovelTvis warmoadgens 

movlena - raRac SemTxveva, mniSvnelovani faqti, romelic 

iwvevs mocemuli viTarebis mkveTr Secvlas, gvisaxavs axal amocanas 

- did mizans, romlis gansaxorcieleblad saWiroa Sesruldes 

mizandasaxul moqmedebaTa Tanmimdevroba, romlebic 

TavisTavad Seicaven martiv moqmedebaTa mwkrivs. yoveli etiudis 

RerZs warmoadgens konfliqti - winaaRmdegoba, romelic 

iwvevs Sejaxebas. brZola SeiZleba warmoebdes viTarebasTan an 

sakuTar grZnobebTan, xolo etiudSi urTierTobaze sxva admianebis 

SexedulebebTan, miswrafebebTan, grZnobebTan. brZola 

etiudSi viTardeba gansazRvruli etapebiT, rogorc es xdeba 

realur cxovrebaSi. is Caisaxeba, warmoiqmneba (kvanZis Sekvra), 

viTardeba mkveTri Sejaxebis momentis zRvramde (kulminacia), 

Semdeg eSveba, midis gadawyvetisken (kvanZis gaxsna). etiudi 

mTavrdeba maSin, roca mis safuZvelSi Cadebuli movlena dasrulebulia, 

daxarjulia bolomde, roca Sesrulebulia yvela 

moqmedeba gamowveuli am movleniT, dasmuli amocana Sesrulebulia 

(an irkveva, rom misi Sesruleba SeuZlebelia). etiudi - 

232

sceniuri cxovrebis mcire monakveTia Seqmnili warmosaxviT 

. warmosaxviTi ikvebeba Semsruleblis 

cocxali gamocdilebiT, cocxali gZnobiT, Tu etiudis 

ukan ar dgas cocxali dakvirveba, masSi ar aris dabadebis, ganviTarebis, 

faqtis dasrulebis procesi, es etiudi ar aris. etiudi 

- movlenis epizodia, rogorc yvela cxovrebis faqti - warmoiSva, 

ganviTarda, amoiwura. etiudSi SemTxveva SeiZleba iyos 

patara, SeiZleba iyos grandiozuli, magram is aucileblad unda 

arsebobdes masSi. etiudis swori struqtura aucileblad 

unda Seicavdes SemTxvevas, romelSic gamoixateba gansazRvruli 

azri. Cveni cxovreba xasiaTdeba SemTxvevaTa uwyvetobiT. 

SemTxvevebi erTmaneTTan aris dakavSirebuli, Tu aviRebT 

cxovrebis nebismier monakveTs, Cven davinaxavT, rom masSi erTi 

movlena warmoSobs sxvas, amaSi mdgomareobs moZraobis procesi. 

aseTi moZraoba realuri cxovrebis kanonia. aqedan gamomdinare, 

is unda gaxdes scenuri cxovrebis monakveTis kanonic. e. i. 

mTavari etiudSi - moZraobaa. etiudi SeiZleba gagrZeldes ramdenime 

wuTidan naxevar saaTamde. es arc ise principulia, mniSvnelovania 

is, rom etiudi unda asaxavdes cxovrebis Sinaarsian 

monakveTs. gadasvla rom gagviadvildes, 

pirvel xanebSi unda Sesruldes is savarjiSoebi da etiudebi, 

romlebzec vmuSaobdiT, oRond odnav saxeSecvlili, ganviTarebuli 

viTarebebiT. etiudebSi Cven sityvebiT unda mivaRwioT 

sityvieri gamoTqmis simarTles, partniorze zemoqmedebis 

gziT, saWiro mimarTulebiT, imis SenarCunebiT rac Cven 

aqamde viswavleT, mxolod amis saSualebiT SeiZleba etiudi 

Sesruldes sworad. saWiro ar aris movifiqroT rogor da ra 

sityvebiT vilaparako, aramed vicode ra minda da rogor viTarebaSi 

vimyofebi, rogori gamogviva sityvebi - aman ar unda agva- 

Relvos. mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gamouvaT partniorebs Sinagani 

dakavSireba, Tu warmoiSva is, rasac Cven scenur damokidebulebas 

vuwodebT, maSin sityvebic ufro sworad wamova. etiudebi 

sityvebiT urTierTobaze iyofa sam ciklad: 

pirveli ciklis etiudebi sityvebiT urTierTobaze, moiTxovs 

iseT viTarebebs, romelSic monawileebi xdebian

Tavadebi>, yvela gamarTleba cxovrebidan iReba da urTierTdamokidebuleba 

ZiriTadSi ar icvleba. dadgena xdeba, mxolod garemomcveli 

pirobebisa (rogorc sajaro simartovis savarji- 

SoSi), scenuri amocana (risTvis vasruleb mocemul moqmedebas) 

da ukumoqmedebiTi garemoebebi (maT Soris partnioris kontramocana). 

meore ciklis etiudebSi yvela zemoT CamoTvlili piroba 

Seucvleli rCeba erTis gamoklebiT - icvleba urTierTdamokidebuleba: 

viRebT ara imas, romelic arsebobs partniorTa Soris 

cxovrebaSi (romelic ar saWiroebs specialur gamarTlebas), 

aramed sTavazoben axals pirobiTs, romelic moiTxovs gamarTlebis 

winaswar SeTanxmebas da mocemuli scenuri urTier- 

Tdamokidebulebis dadgenas. 

mesame ciklis etiudebi ufro rTulia: maTSi Cveni qcevebi 

ganisazRvreba ufro rTuli davalebebiT. aqamde yvela Cvengani 

iseTi iyo, rogorc TviTon aris, Tavisi cxovrebiseuli CvevebiT 

xdeboda ama Tu im garemoebebSi. qceva icvleboda am garemoebebTan 

damokidebulebebiT, partniorebi icvlebodnen ise, 

TiTqos es maT Tavad gadaxdaT. mesame cikli moicavs etiudebs 

adamianebis profesiebze. am etiudebSi, Cems qcevebSi Semaqvs esa 

Tu is CemTvis miuCveveli Cvevebi da manerebi da unda Sevisisxlxorco 

isini, rogorc sakuTari, ramdenadac sworad iqneba 

asaxuli xasiaTis Tvisebebi, imdenad warmatebulad iqneba aTvisebuli, 

gaxdeba organuli da ufro kargad Sesisxlxorcdeba 

amocana. unda gavixsenoT, davakvirdeT, warmovidginoT arCeuli 

profesiis Cvevebi, riT gansxvavdeba misi qcevebi mis profesiasTan 

damokidebulebaSi Cems qcevebTan, Cems qcevebSi unda 

ukuvagdo Tvisebebi, romelic xels miSlis arCeuli profesiis 

reproduqciaSi da SeviZino is Tvisebebi, romelic damaxasiaTebelia 

am profesiisaTvis, amas Cven scenuri damokidebulebiT 

da saTanado gamarTlebiT mivaRwevT. Tqvens mier reproduqcirebuli 

profesia unda iyos yvelasaTvis cnobili, Tqvenc rom 

icodeT ra unda aRadginoT da mayurebelmac unda gansajos, 

ramdenad sworad Sesrulda etiudi. CaayenoT Tavi sxvadasxva 

profesiis adamianebis mdgomareobaSi, Cven vuaxlovdebiT sce- 

234

niur saxeze muSaobas. unda gavixseno, davakvirde, warmovidgino 

arCeuli profesiis Cvevebi, riT gansxvavdeba misi qcevebi, mis 

profesiasTan damokidebulebaSi Cems qcevebTan, unda ukuvagdo 

Cems qcevebSi Tvisebebi, romelic xels miSlis arCeuli profesiis 

reproduqciaSi da SeviZino is Tvisebebi, romlebic damaxasiaTebelia 

am profesiisaTvis. amas Cven scenuri damokidebulebiTa 

da saTanado gamarTlebiT mivaRwevT. 

gadasvla rom gagviadvildes, pirvel 

xanebSi unda Sesruldes is savarjiSoebi da etiudebi, romlebzec 

vmuSaobdiT, oRond odnav saxeSecvlili ganviTarebuli 

viTarebebiT. etiudebSi sityvebiT Cven unda mivaRwioT sityvieri 

gamoTqmis simarTles partniorze zemoqmedebis gziT, sa- 

Wiro mimarTulebiT, imis SenerCunebiT, rac Cven aqamde viswavleT. 

mxolod amis saSualebiT SeiZleba sworad Sesruldes etiudi. 

saWiro ar aris movifiqroT, rogor da ra sityvebiT unda 

vilaparako, aramed vicode ra minda da rogor viTarebaSi vimyofebi 

da rogori gamova sityvebi, aman ar unda agvaRelvos. Tu 

gamouvaT partniorebs erTmaneTTan Sinaganad dakavSireba, Tu 

warmoiSva is, rasac Cven scenur damokidebulebas vuwodebT, ma- 

Sin sityvebic ufro sworad wamova. etiudebi unda moifiqron 

studentebma Tavisufal Temaze pedagogis daxmarebiT, Tema 

etiudisaTvis SeiZleba iyos mravalnairi, mag: vdumvarT orni, 

pirvelad cxovrebaSi, saintereso faqti, miyvars, mZuls da a.S. 

etiudebis Temebis arCevaSi agreTve gvexmareba mxatvrebis reproduqciebi, 

andazebi, igav-arakebi. 

roca saubaria msaxiobis teqnikaze, pirvel rigSi vlaparakobT 

Sinagan teqnikaze, unarze vimoqmedoT, unarze simarTlis 

grZnobis flobaze, unarze sworad SevafasoT da vcvaloT riTmi, 

sworad davamyaroT urTierToba partniorTan da unari vumkurnaloT 

yvela damarcxebas da avadmyofobas, romliTac SeiZleba 

am unarebs safrTxe Seeqmnas Sinagani teqnikis swavlebis 

procesSi da amas Tavdauzogavi Sroma sWirdeba. 

msaxiobis ostatobis swavlebis safuZvels warmoadgens 

studentis mier msaxiobis Sinagani fsiqoteqnikis ZiriTadi 

235

elementebis daufleba. naSromi Seicavs rogorc Teorias, asvee 

praqtikul savarjiSoebs. 

236 


1. 1.Станиславский К.С., собрание сочинений в 8-ми томах. т. 2, ч. І . 

М. 1954 

2. Рапопорт И., «Работа актера», Л-М. 1940 

3. Б. Захава, «Мастерство актера и режиссера», «Просвещение» М. 1978 

4. aleqsiZe d., msaxiobis aRzrdis sakiTxisaTvis, Tb. „xelovneba“, 

1956 

5. М.Г.И.К. «Основы актерского искусства», Учебное пособие. М. 1975 

Actor’s Inner Psychotechnics 

Summary 

Vladimer Bibileishvili 

The basis of teaching actor’s mastership is student’s attention, 

fantasy, stage relation and fact evaluation of actor’s inner psychotechnics 

and mastering stage relations. Coping with these elements thoroughly is 

the foundation of an actor’s mastership. Right on this stage the person of 

student-actor is developing, the human essence that plays an important 

role in upbringing. Research paper includes theory as well as practical 

exercises.

sarCevi/Contents 

xelovnebaTmcodneoba 

maia WiWileiSvili — saeklesio xuroTmoZRvrebis 

Zeglebi ganviTarebuli Sua saukuneebis aWaraSi...... 3 

Maia Chichileishvili — Church Architectural Monuments in the 

Developed Middle Ages in Adjara ....................................................... 14 

sofiko sanikiZe — zogierTi fsiqologiuri faqtoris 

roli Tanamedrove quCis vizualur reklamaSi........ 17 

Sofio Sanikidze - The Role of Some Psychological Factors in 

Modern Street Visual Adverstising..................................................... 26 

kinomcodneoba 

roland boraSvili — vsevolod pudovkini da 

`fotogenia“ ......................................................................... 27 

Roland Borashvili — Vsevolod Pudovkin and 

«The Photogenius»..................................................................................... 34 

sofio TavaZe — qarTuli kinos ZiriTadi tendenciebi 

XX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi................................................. 35 

Sopio Tavadze — Basic Tendencies in the Georgian Cinematography 

of the 1960s .................................................................................. 42 

sofio TavaZe — gamosaxulebisa da xmovani rigis 

erTianobis sakiTxisaTvis oTar ioselianis 

SemoqmedebaSi (filmebis: àprilisa“ da 

`pastoralis“ magaliTze) ................................................ 43 

Sopio Tavadze - About the Unity of Sound and Image Series 

in the Works of Otar Ioseliani (on the example of the films 

«April» and «Pastorale»)......................................................................... 48 

237

manuCar loria, Tengiz vadaWkoria — anTropologiuri 

filmis kompiuteruli montaJi...................................... 49 

Manuchar Loria, Tengiz Vadachkoria – Computer Editing of an 

Anthropological Film ...................................................................56 

kulturis istoria 

irma bagrationi — konstantine kapaneli xelovnebis 

saxeTa sociologiuri aqcentebis Sesaxeb................. 57 

Irma Bagrationi — Konstantine Kapaneli on the Sociological 

Accents of Figures of Art ...................................................................... 61 

ermile mesxia — kulturisa da erovnuli cnobierebis 

problemebi ilia WavWavaZis publicitikaSi............... 62 

Ermile Meskhia — Problems of Culture and National Self- 

Consciousness in Ilia Chavchavadze’s Publicistic 

Works............................................................................................................... 70 

musikismcodneoba 

qeTevan gogolaZe, irma bagrationi — sinesTeziis 

esTetikur problemaTa zogierTi aspeqti ................ 71 

Ketevan Gogoladze, Irma Bagrationi — Some Aspects of Aesthetic 

Problems of Synesthesy........................................................................... 77 

Tea gogotiSvili — qarTuli kamerul-saansamblo 

xelovnebis ganviTarebis gzebi da Taviseburebebi.. 78 

Tea Gogotishvili — The Ways and Characteristics of Development 

of Georgian Chamber-Ensemble Art .................................................. 85 

ana dumbaZe — klasicizmis epoqis musikalurharmoniuli 

Taviseburebebi............................................ 86 

Ana Dumbadze — Musical-Harmony Particularity of the 

Classical Epoch ............................................................................................ 92 

xaTuna managaZe — biZina kvernaZis operis ,,iyo mervesa 

welsa” dramaturgiuli Taviseburebebi ..................... 93 

238

Khatuna Managadaze — ,,There Was in the Eighth Year” by 

Bidzina Kvernadze – Musical-Dramatic Peculiarities ............... 101 

murman maxaraZe — sasimRero xmis registrebi da 

bgeris moxurva (r. iusonis wignis ,,sasimRero 

xmis” mixedviT)..................................................................... 102 

Murman Makharadze — Register of Singing Voice and Sound 

Closure (on the Basis of R. Huson’s Neuron Chronacsal 

Theory) .......................................................................................................... 111 

xaTuna niniZe — interpretaciis problemebi franc 

Subertis Semoqmedebis magaliTze (introduqcia 

da variaciebi fleitisa da fortepianosaTvis 

Txz.160).................................................................................. 112 

Ninidze Khatuna — Problems of Interpretation on the Example 

of France Schubert’s Creative Works (Introduction and 

Variations for Flute and Fortepiano Composition 160)............ 121 

natalia oragveliZe — aleqsi maWavarianis vokaluri 

lirika da sami romansis saSemsruleblo analizi... 122 

Natalia Oragvelidze — Aleksi Machavariani’s Vocal Lyric and 

Performance Analysis if His Three Romances.............................. 133 

qeTevan razmaZe — manuel de falias sakompozitoro 

xelweris Taviseburebebi da misi mniSvneloba 

espanur samusiko kulturaSi ......................................... 134 

Qetevan Razmadze — Manuel De Phallia's Composing 

Style and His Importance in Spanish Musical Culture ............... 144 

nino CaiZe — sergei raxmaninovis romansebi ......................... 145 

Nino Chaidze — Romances by Sergei Rakhmaninov.............................. 152 

Tamaz ceriaSvili — momRerlis mosamzadebeli 

etapebi ............................................................................................. 153 

Tamaz Tseriashvili — Preparing Stages for Singers............................... 167 

lali WeliZe — i. s. baxis ,,kargad temperirebuli 

klaviri” da baxis epoqis klaviSebiani 

instrumentebi..................................................................... 168 

239

Lali Chelidze — I. S. Bach’s ,,Well-temperated Klavire” and 

Keyboard Instruments of Bach’s Period........................................... 178 

irina xerJi — etiudis Janris saSemsruleblo 

Taviseburebani.................................................................... 179 

Irina Kherj — Technical Characteristics of the Etude Genre .............. 188 

240 

saxelovnebo ganaTleba 

vladimer bibileiSvili — msaxiobis Sinagani 

fsiqoteqnika........................................................................ 189 

Vladimer Bibileishvili — Actor’s Inner Psychotechnics....................... 236 

gamomcemloba ùniversali~ 

Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 22 36 09, 8(99) 17 22 30 

E-mail: universal@internet.ge

xelovnebaTmcodneobiTi etiudebi STUDIES IN ART CRITICISM II

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