arnold Ciqobavas arnold Ciqobavas sakiTxavebi sakiTxavebi XIX
arnold Ciqobavas arnold Ciqobavas sakiTxavebi sakiTxavebi XIX
arnold Ciqobavas arnold Ciqobavas sakiTxavebi sakiTxavebi XIX
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<strong>arnold</strong> <strong>Ciqobavas</strong> enaTmecnierebis<br />
instituti<br />
m u S a o b i s g e g m a<br />
25 marti, 11 saaTi<br />
l. e z u g b a i a, Sesavali sitKva<br />
<strong>arnold</strong> <strong>Ciqobavas</strong><br />
<strong>sakiTxavebi</strong><br />
<strong>XIX</strong><br />
2008 wlis 25-28 marti<br />
m a s a l e b i<br />
1. v. S e n g e l i a, fragmentebi mogonebidan akademikos<br />
<strong>arnold</strong> Ciqobavaze. XXIII_XXVIII<br />
2. i. C a n t l a Z e, Cemi moZGvarTmoZGvari<br />
3. T. u T u r g a i Z e, qvemdebare-damatebis sakiTxebi III seriis<br />
zmniT gamoxatul SemasmenelTan (aqtivebi da medioaqtivebi)<br />
4. g. k v a r a c x e l i a, axal disciplinaTa saerTo Teoriuli<br />
safuZveli da urTierTmimarTeba<br />
5. S. a f r i d o n i Z e, fonetikuri faqtoris roli termin-<br />
Ta Seqmnisas<br />
6. g. b e d o S v i l i, sitKva `kaxambalis~ Sesaxeb<br />
7. l. s a n i k i Z e, brunebaTa ZiriTadi tipebis SedarebiTi<br />
analizi naxur da daGestnur enebSi<br />
8. m. s u x i S v i l i, pirdapiri damatebis sakiTxi Zveli qar-<br />
Tulis rTul zmnebSi<br />
9. n. m a y a v a r i a n i, anTropomorful arsebaTa saxelwodebebis<br />
warmomavlobisaTvis afxazurSi. 2. aZˆZlan //<br />
aZˆzlan `ali, feria~<br />
Tbilisi<br />
2008<br />
10. m. r o b a q i Z e, `afxazi~ da `afxazebi~ somxur wKaroebSi<br />
11. n. J o r b e n a Z e, `aqedan / iqidan gamomdinare~ formaTa<br />
umarTebulo xmarebis gamo qarTulSi<br />
3
26 marti, 11 saaTi<br />
1. g. g o g o l a S v i l i, kidev erTxel -ia<br />
daboloebis Taobaze<br />
-ad<br />
da -am<br />
TemisniSnian zmnaTa | TurmeobiTis formaTa<br />
Soris<br />
2. v. m a G r a Z e, ramdenime kalkis Sesaxeb<br />
3. n. a r d o t e l i, gramatikuli klasebis sistema xunZuri<br />
enis zedsarTav saxelebSi<br />
4. e. g i u n a S v i l i, Sedgenili zmnebis kvlevis sakiTxebisaTvis<br />
adre saSualo sparsulSi<br />
5. n. s u r m a v a, xmovani Canaweris transkrifcia qarTul<br />
dialeqtur korpusSi<br />
6. n. m u z a S v i l i, terminologiuri sitKvawarmoebisaTvis<br />
7. m. b e r i Z e, d. n a d a r a i a, dialeqturi teqstebis korpusis<br />
pirveladi anotireba (proeqti: saqarTvelos lingvisturi<br />
portreti)<br />
8. m. b u k i a, sinonimebisaTvis megrul mesaqonleobis leqsikaSi<br />
9. l. b a k u r a Z e, Tvisebisa da ricxvis eqspresiuli gamoxatvis<br />
SemTxvevebi -oba<br />
sufiqsian saxelebSi<br />
10. c. J a n J G a v a, megruli Suri<br />
`suli~ derivatebsa da<br />
kompozitebSi<br />
11. r. i o s e l i a n i, ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÅÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ<br />
27 marti, 11 saaTi<br />
1. l. n o z a Z e, zogi cnebis (mniSvnelobis) dazustebisa-<br />
Tvis `qegl~-Tan mimarTebiT<br />
2. T. v a S a k i Z e, koordinaciis sistemisaTvis Tanamedrove<br />
qarTulSi<br />
3. c. b a r b a q a Z e, samKaros enobrivi suraTebi poetur<br />
metKvelebaSi (`varskvlavebis poetika~ ana kalandaZis poeziaSi)<br />
4. l. e z u g b a i a, Tavisebur zmnaTa kompiuteruli aGwerisaTvis<br />
5. m. s a G l i a n i, qarTveluri etimologiebi<br />
6. m. J G a r k a v a, o_u afiqsebi megrulsa da lazurSi<br />
7. n. d o l i Z e, ayarul da gurul dialeqtTa leqsikis<br />
urTierTmimarTebisaTvis (al. Glontis `qarTul kilo-<br />
TqmaTa sitKvis konaSi~ warmodgenili masalebis mixedviT)<br />
8. n. c e c x l a Z e, floronimebi SavSeTis toponimiaSi<br />
9. g. v a n i l i S i, 100 wlis lazi Semoqmedi<br />
10. n. x a r C i l a v a, saqorwilo sufra da masTan dakavSirebuli<br />
zogierTi termini samurzaKanoSi<br />
11. T. t e t e l o S v i l i, erTpiriani vnebiTis zog forma-<br />
Ta umarTebulo gamoKenebis gamo<br />
12. r. l o l u a, kavkasiis albanur warweraTa korpusis dazustebisaTvis<br />
4<br />
5
28 marti, 11 saaTi<br />
1. n. q u T e l i a, irGveva Tu ara fonemaTa SeerTebis sintagmaturi<br />
kanonzomierebani<br />
2. i. C a n t l a Z e, jur-/jir<br />
jir-/jˆr<br />
jˆr- ZirTa urTierTmimarTebisaTvis<br />
qarTvelur enebSi<br />
3. T. g v a n c e l a Z e, afxazuri zmnis kidev erTi morfologiur-modaluri<br />
kategoriis Sesaxeb (winaswari cnoba)<br />
4. m. C u x u a, saerTokavkasiuri sameurneo Kofa (Senoba-nagebobebi)<br />
5. n. y o x o n e l i Z e, futk-, funk- fuZeTa warmomavlobisaTvis<br />
6. S. g a b e s k i r i a, metKvelebis aGmniSvneli qarTveluri<br />
zmnebis zogi Taviseburebis Sesaxeb<br />
7. r. S e r o z i a, qarTveluri saliteraturo enisa da<br />
sulxan-sabas `sitKvis konis~ zogi sakiTxisaTvis<br />
8. l. a z m a i f a r a S v i l i, maxvilTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi<br />
xunZuri enis anwuxur dialeqtSi (Kvarlis r-nis<br />
sof. Tivis metKvelebis mixedviT)<br />
9. m. C a C a n i Z e, eqstralingvisturi informacia leqsikonebSi<br />
10. g. g v a n c e l a Z e, -urº<br />
urº-ul<br />
ul sufiqsTa erTi funqcia istoriuli<br />
sabuTebis mixedviT<br />
11. k. m i T a g v a r i a, adamianis asakobriv diferenciaciasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli terminebi Cerqezul enebSi<br />
12. q. m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i, mirTva svanurSi<br />
l e v a n a z m a i f a r a S v i l i<br />
maxvilTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi<br />
xunZuri enis anwuxur dialeqtSi<br />
(Kvarlis r-nis sof. Tivis metKvelebis mixedviT)<br />
maxvilis moqmedebiT gamowveuli iseTi gavrcelebuli fonetikuri<br />
procesebis Sesaxeb, rogoricaa xmovanTa asimilacia<br />
da reduqcia, xunZuri enis araerT mkvlevars umsJelia (S. miqailovi,<br />
arn. Ciqobava, il. cercvaZe, t. gudava, g. gogolaSvili...).<br />
xunZur dialeqtur metKvelebaze dakvirveba saKuradGebo<br />
faqtebs warmogviCens. rogorc Cans, maxvilis moqmedeba amjamadac<br />
uwKobs xels garkveuli fonetikuri procesebis warmoqmnasa<br />
da mimdinareobas. maxvilTan dakavSirebul fonetikur movlenaTa<br />
erTi wKeba axali Casaxulia da maT ganviTarebaze dakvirveba<br />
sinqroniul yrilSic aris SesaZlebeli.<br />
warmovadgen zogierT faqts, romelic SeiniSneba kaxeTSi<br />
mosaxle anwuxeli xunZebis cocxal metKvelebaSi. ganixileba,<br />
kerZod, anwuxuri dialeqtis toxur-yadaqolour kilokavTa<br />
monacemebi. sxva dialeqtTa da kilokav-TqmaTa viTareba am<br />
mxriv Sesaswavlia.<br />
sof. Tivis metKvelebaSi gvxvdeba zmnisarTi c´vex<br />
`win~. aq<br />
reduqciaa gamowveuli maxviliani e-s mier; Sdr. Crd. xunZ.<br />
c´ev<br />
ev¡ (| kl.), c´e¡ (|| kl.), c´eb<br />
eb¡ (||| kl.), c´er<br />
er¡ (mr. r.) `win~<br />
(anwuxur zmnisarTSi -x bolosarTi mimarTulebis gamomxatveli<br />
formantia: c´ve<br />
ve-x). saKuradGeboa, rom Crdilouri xunZuris<br />
zmnisarTisagan gansxvavebiT anwuxuri c´vex<br />
ar ganarCevs<br />
xolme klasebs. ganvixiloT, magaliTad, erTi aseTi winadadeba:<br />
so Gedu c ´ v e x kanwbon va c ´ v e x g i ton saral ber baƒzi<br />
bat¾mola `erTi Kvavi win gamoxta da winac wavida, ra meliis<br />
Tvalis amoTxra moindoma~. sitKva Gedu (`Kvavi~) ||| klass (niv-<br />
Tisas) ganekuTvneba, amitom mosalodneli iKo v-s nacvlad<br />
zmnisarTSi b niSani KofiliKo warmodgenili. SeiZleba gaCndes<br />
6<br />
7
STabeydileba, rom c´vex<br />
zmnisarTSi gaqvavebulia | klasis (mamakacis)<br />
v afiqsi, magram vfiqrob, rom am movlenas fonetikur<br />
niadagze moeZebneba ufro marTebuli axsna: amosavlad am SemTxvevaSi<br />
gveqneboda ||| klasis b niSniani forma c´eb<br />
eb¡x, xolo<br />
maxviliani e xmovnis mier fuZis SekumSvis Sedegad unda gaCeniliKo<br />
arabunebrivi bgeraTkompleqsi c´b sitKvis TavkidurSi<br />
(c´bex ← ceb¡x). amis gamo moxda bagismieri b-s Secvla aseve bagismieri<br />
v bgeriT: c´b → c´v; bgeraTkompleqsTa aseTi tipi<br />
(Tanxmovani + v) ki savsebiT Cveulebrivia xunZuris fonotaqtikisaTTvis<br />
da igi farTodaa gavrcelebuli sitKvaTa anlautSi.<br />
Tivis anwuxur metKvelebaSi umaxvilo xmovnebs SeemCneva<br />
dasustebis tendencia. aseTi xmovani advilad ganicdis xolme<br />
cvlilebas, mag., sitKvaSi bab (`deda~) umaxvilo a-s artikulacia<br />
Sesustebulia da or bagismier Tanxmovans Soris moqceuli<br />
igi TviTonac bagismieri xdeba, anu u xmovnad gardaiqmneba:<br />
bub. aGsaniSnavia, rom orive fonetikuri varianti am sitKvisa<br />
Tavisuflad SeiZleba Tanaarsebobdes erTi da imave piris<br />
metKvelebaSic.<br />
sitKvebis Tavkidur marcvalSi umaxvilo xmovanTa artikulaciis<br />
Sesusteba gansakuTrebiT sagrZnobia im SemTxvevaSi,<br />
roca aseTi xmovani maxvilianis identuria, anda maxvilianTan<br />
SedarebiT ufro maGali aweulobisaa, vTqvaT, mag., sitKvebSi<br />
dab `iq~, sadƒ `erTad~, sarƒan<br />
`GamiT~, meT¡r `xval~,<br />
ret¡l `tanisamosi~, suk¤m `saponi~, ƒijn `bavSvi~, hij¡ `axla~.<br />
aseve anTroponimebSic: siq¢nT<br />
nT, bit¢nT<br />
(qalis sakuTari<br />
saxelebia) da sxv. sitKvebis sxartad warmoTqmisas umaxvilo<br />
xmovnebi TiTqos arc ismis: dba, sdaƒ, srƒan, mTer, rtel, skum,<br />
ƒjan, hje, sqinT, btinT... aseTi ram SeiZleba moxdes zmnis analizur<br />
formebSic, mag., meSvelzmniani rij¢Tu vona<br />
(`Tanaxma<br />
var~) gabmul metKvelebaSi moismis ase: rj¢Tuon...<br />
aq SeiZleba gagvaxsendes tipologiurad msgavsi movlena<br />
qarTulSi: Zma ← Zam, Zlier ← Zal-¢er da sxv. rogorc garkveulia,<br />
xmovnis amoGeba fuZeSi da misi SekumSva gamouwvevia<br />
8<br />
Zlier dinamikur maxvils, romelic odesGac moqmedebda<br />
(arn. Ciqobava). magram Cvens enaSi es movlena ukve istoriis<br />
kuTvnilebaa, xolo anwuxurSi igi amjamad cocxali procesia.<br />
SeimCneva erTgvari tendencia sitKvis anlautSi TanxmovanTkompleqsebis<br />
gaCenisa. Kovel SemTxvevaSi, TanmxovanTa sabolood<br />
SerwKma Tu ara, maT Soris zGvaris Sesusteba da erTmaneTTan<br />
miaxloeba sagrZnobi xdeba.<br />
sxvaTa Soris, TviTon Tivis mkvidrni aGniSnaven, rom<br />
sitKvebs Cven ufro mokled warmovTqvamT, vidre xunZaxelebio.<br />
roca Tivel salihaT mahomedovas (1976 w. dab., medda)<br />
vTxove Tavad daewera zogierTi anwuxuri sitKva, man ase dawera:<br />
бт|атри (batTri `gascilda~), г|дин („id¢n `msgavsad~),<br />
г|диг|нугу („id¢„nugu `nu Cqarob~), гьресрох|но (her¡s´i rono<br />
`ilaparakes~), гьже (hij¡ `axla~.. ukve dawerili hqonda ase, magram<br />
Semdeg mainc Caumata и: гьиже). faqti sainteresoa im<br />
TvalsazrisiT, Tu rogor aGiqvams TviTon metKveli mSobliur<br />
metKvelebaSi arsebul movlenas, kerZod, xmovanTa dasustebas<br />
umaxvilo poziciaSi. es aisaxeba sitKvaTa dawerilobaSi, sadac<br />
umaxvilo xmovnebi saerTodac ar aris grafikulad gamosaxuli.<br />
Girssacnobia, rom calkeul sitKvaTa anlautSi ukve saboloood<br />
CamoKalibebuli Cans orwevra TanxmovanTkompleqsebi,<br />
romlebSic meore komponentad gvevlinebian sonori Tanmxovnebi<br />
l da r; aseTi kompleqsebia sl, Kl, Kr. magaliTebi:<br />
slu `salamuri~, `stviri~. amosavali saxe am sitKvisa iKo<br />
sul¤. kaxeTis anwuxur metKvelebaSi bevrad ufro adre<br />
il. cercvaZem gamoavlina misi yadaqolouri varianti amgvari<br />
saxiT: Solo<br />
lo. mkvlevars maxvili ar aGuniSnavs sitKvaSi.<br />
sitKva Klin `sigareti~ ← Kil¢n. ← Kal¢n; Sdr. lit.<br />
ƒal¢an, qarT. Kalion-i. il. cercvaZes igive sitKva gansxvavebulad<br />
aqvs dadasturebuli: Kalihan<br />
`papirosi~. sof. Tivis<br />
TqmaSi es ukanaskneli varianti amjamad aGar gvxvdeba.<br />
Krul `qvrivi~; Sdr. lit. Kor£l-av (| kl.), Kor£l-a (||<br />
kl.). il. cercvaZis Canaweris Tanaxmad, es sitKva anwuxurSi<br />
sxvagvarad gamoiTqmoda: Kurula<br />
la. KuradGebas iqcevs boloki-<br />
9
duri a-s gauCinarebis faqti. es bolosarTi xmovani klasis ni-<br />
Sans warmoadgenda, miGebuls -av da -a sufiqsTa fonetikuri<br />
gamartivebiT: av → a, a → a.<br />
Crdilour xunZurs sl, Kl, Kr TanxmovanTkompleqsebi<br />
sitKvis TavkidurSi eucxoeba.<br />
Tu umaxvilo xmovnis dasustebis Sedegad erTmaneTs miuaxlovdeba<br />
ori identuri Tanmxovani, maSin sitKvis TavkidurSi<br />
mTeli marcvali SeiZleba moikvecos. aseTi SemTxvevebi dasturdeba,<br />
magaliTad, kompozitebSi d¡lvac<br />
lvac´ `biZa mamis mxridan~,<br />
blvac<br />
lvac´ `biZa dedis mxridan~: d¡lvac´ ← ded¡lvac´, zedmiw.<br />
`mamis Zma~, blvac´ ← bablvac´, zedmiw. `dedis Zma~. anlautSi<br />
erTmaneTTan Zlier axlos aGmoCnda ori identuri Tanxmovani,<br />
romelTa dasaSoriSoreblad Sesustebul umaxvilo xmovans ukve<br />
Gone aGar Seswevda, xolo Semdgom moxda maTi gamartiveba<br />
erT Tanmxovnad: dd → d, bb → b; umaxvilo xmovani ki sruliad<br />
Seiwira am procesma. sainteresoa, rom amosavali formebi<br />
ded¡lvac<br />
lvac´, bablvac<br />
lvac´ kidev arseboben sof. Tivis metKvelebaSi<br />
d¡lvac<br />
lvac, blvac<br />
lvac´ kompozitTa paralelurad.<br />
calke aGsaniSnavia fonetikur cvlilebaTa SemTxvevebi maxviliani<br />
marcvlis momdevno poziciaSi. cvlilebebi SeiniSneba<br />
sxvadasxva sitKvebsa da formebSi. magaliTad:<br />
anTroponimebSi maxvili kumSavs fuZes momdevno umaxvilo<br />
marcvalSi xmovnis amoGebiT, mag., qalis sakuTar saxelebSi:<br />
sil¢mT<br />
← sil¢maT ← sal¢maT, siq¢nT<br />
← siq¢naT ← saq¢naT,<br />
bit¢nT<br />
← bit¢maT ← bat¢maT (Sdr. Crd. xunZuris fat¢maT),<br />
musl¢nT<br />
← musl¢maT. sakmaod niSandoblivia m → n anwuxuris<br />
anTroponimebSi, roca isini SeikumSebian xolme da m moeqceva<br />
T-s win. anTroponimi ruK¢T ← ruK¢aT... a difTongSi<br />
Cveulebriv qreba sruli xmovani, Tu es difTongi maxviliani<br />
i-s uSualo mezoblobaSi moeqceva xolme (amis sxva magaliTebi<br />
ix. qvemoTac).<br />
10<br />
mimGeobebsa da zedsarTavebSi: ¤nTra<br />
`avadmKofi~ ← ¤nTara,<br />
b¢trab<br />
`swori~ ← b¢t¾arab, bKrab<br />
`mSieri~ ← bKarab,<br />
w´lrab<br />
`wakiTxuli~ ← w´larab, b£‡rab<br />
`namKofi~ ← b£‡arab,<br />
bit¾rab<br />
`gaKofili~ ← b¢t¾arab (mag., mKar gamoTqmaSi tul-<br />
bit¾ra vac´ `GviZli Zma~, zedmiw. `GviZl-gaKofili Zma~),<br />
b£hrab<br />
`civi~ ← b£harab... wib `axali~ ← w¢ab...<br />
arsebiT saxelTa naTesaobiTi brunvis formebSi: sitKva Ci<br />
(`kaci~) naTesaobiTSi iqneba C¢s´ul `kacis~ ← C¢as´ul. a<br />
difTongSi a xmovnis gaqrobas Cveulebriv iwvevs winamavali<br />
maxviliani i. msgavsadve: gurj¢zul<br />
`qarTvelebisa~ ←<br />
gurj¢azul da sxv.<br />
sof. Tivis anwuxur TqmaSi maxvilTan dakavSirebuli fonetikuri<br />
procesebi Jer ar dasrulebula. SeiniSneba am mxriv<br />
arc Tu umniSvnelo sxvaobani sxvadasxva asakis pirTa metKvelebaSi.<br />
kidev araerTi faqti gamosavleni da sakvlevi rCeba.<br />
n o d a r a r d o t e l i<br />
gramatikuli klasebis sistema xunZuri enis<br />
zedsarTav saxelebSi<br />
1. cnobilia, rom xunZurSi srul (resp. gaformebul) zedsarTav<br />
saxelebs KovelTvis daerTvis klas-kategoriis sufiqsuri<br />
niSnebi, romlebic warmomavlobiT CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebis<br />
mzamzareul formebad aris miCneuli (Ciqobava 1942, 33;<br />
bokarevi 1949, 150; kikviZe 1958, 99; Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962,<br />
185...).<br />
dasturdeba iseTi zedsarTavebic, romlebsac, sufiqsis<br />
garda, klasis eqsponenti prefiqsadac daerTvis, mag.: b-e-w-ab<br />
`bneli~, b-a-„ar-ab `wiTeli~, b-o-rxaT-ab `maGali~, b-a-w´ad-ab<br />
`sufTa~, `wminda~, b-i-c´aT-ab `sqeli~...<br />
2. Cveni azriT, zemomoKvanili zedsarTavis formebi unda<br />
iKvnen odindeli mimGeobebi, romlebmac mogvianebiT zedsarTa-<br />
11
vi saxelis statusi SeiZines. amas mowmoben saTanado zmnebi,<br />
romelTagan unda warmoqmniliKvnen amgvari zedsarTauli (resp.<br />
mimGeoburi) formebi * , mag.: b-¡-w-ab (Sdr. b-¡-w-i-ze `Caqroba~,<br />
`dabneleba~) `bneli~, b-a-„r-ab (Sdr. b-a-„r-i-ze `gacxeleba~,<br />
`dawva~...) `wiTeli~, b-£-rxaT-ab (Sdr.b-£-rx-i-ze `aweva~, `atana~...)<br />
`maGali~, b-a-w´ad-ab (Sdr. b--w´-i-ne `gawmenda~, `gasufTaveba~...)<br />
`wminda~, `sufTa~, b-¢-tar-ab (Sdr. b-¢-t-i-ze `gasworeba~,<br />
`gagzavna~...) `swori~, `pirdapiri~ da misT.<br />
iSviaTad SeiZleba analogiuri zedsarTavi saxeli zmnizedisganac<br />
momdinareobdes, mag.: b-i-c´T-ab (Sdr. b-i-c´T-<br />
`sqlad~) `sqeli~...<br />
sagulisxmo faqtia isic, rom saanalizo zedsarTavebsa da<br />
maT Sesabamis zmnur formebs maxvili erTsa da imave xmovanze<br />
moudis.<br />
3. mimGeoba, rogorc zedsarTavi saxeli, semantikuri gadaazrianebiT<br />
SeiZleba viTarebiT zedsarTav saxelad iqces. am<br />
movlenas bevr enaSi eZebneba analogi, maT Soris, qarTulSic,<br />
mag.: Kar-s _ m-Kr-al-i, wiT-s _ wiT-el-i, m-wiT-ur-i, Sr-eb-a _<br />
m-Sr-al-i...<br />
zemomoKvanili formebi (mKrali, m-wiT-ur-i...) amjamad zedsarTavebad<br />
gaigebian, Tumca istoriulad isini mimGeobebs<br />
warmoadgendnen.<br />
rac Seexeba funqciur mxares, sufiqsuri klas-niSani zedsarTav<br />
saxelsa da sazGvruls Soris atributuli kavSiris dasamKareblad<br />
gamoiKeneba, xolo prefiqsuli eqsponenti realuri<br />
subieqtis klass gamoxatavs.<br />
12<br />
* simartivisaTvis zedsarTavebs ||| klasis formiT vimowmebT.<br />
S u q i a a f r i d o n i Z e<br />
fonetikuri faqtoris roli<br />
terminTa Seqmnisas<br />
enis leqsikuri gamdidrebis, maT Soris axali terminebis<br />
Sesaqmnelad erT-erT ZiriTad saSualebad, leqsemaTa sesxebas-<br />
Tan erTad, samarTlianad iTvleba sitKvawarmoeba. derivaciul<br />
afiqsebs mraval enaSi, SeiZleba iTTqas, gadamwKveti mniSvneloba<br />
eniyeba terminologiis erovnul niadagze gamdidrebisaTvis.<br />
saliteraturo qarTuli Tavisi ganviTarebis istoriis manZilze<br />
amgvari nimuSebis unikalur magaliTebs iZleva.<br />
magram afiqsaciasTan erTad da mis paralelurad (Tumc<br />
Seudareblad naklebi doziT) terminologiis samsaxurSi dgeba<br />
fonetikuri cvlilebebic. gamoikveTa zogi amgvari cvlileba:<br />
aq ganvixilavT bgeris dakar<br />
kargvas<br />
da bgera<br />
raTa SerwKmas<br />
1. bgeris dakar<br />
kargva<br />
a) mrg<br />
rglo<br />
lova<br />
vani<br />
ni. qarTuli damwerlobis erT-erTi, qronologiurad<br />
pirveli safexuris saxelwodebaa mrglova<br />
vani<br />
ni, romlis<br />
amosavalia mimarTebiTi zedsarTavi mrgvlo<br />
lova<br />
vani<br />
(Serqmeulia<br />
asoebis formis mixedviT). nawarmoebi adieqtivis etimologia<br />
sruliad gamyvirvalea: igi miiGeba viTarebiTi (Zireuli)<br />
mrgval- zedsarTavisagan -ovan<br />
sufiqsis darTviT.<br />
swored am derivaciuli warmoebis _ xmovniT dawKebuli<br />
sufiqsis darTvis procesSi xdeba a xmovnis aucilebeli kum-<br />
Sva, ris Sedegadac Tavs iKris 5 Tanxmovani, romelTagan Kvela<br />
sonoria (mr<br />
mrgvl<br />
vl), garda erTisa. amitom ikargvis winamavali sonori<br />
v identuri sufiqsiseuli v Tanxmovnis gavleniT (disimilaciuri<br />
dakargva), ris Sedegadac viGebT gasubstantivebul<br />
grafologiur termins _ mrglovans<br />
vans.<br />
b) lursmu<br />
smuli<br />
li. analogiuri semantikisaa adieqturi warmo-<br />
Sobis sitKva lursmu<br />
smuli<br />
li, romlis etimologiac aseve gamyvirvalea:<br />
miGebulia lursman<br />
sman- saxelisagan (termini amJerad Seqmnilia<br />
weris iaraGis saxelis mixedviT). zedsarTavTa Kvelaze<br />
13
xSiri mawarmoeblis -ur<br />
sufiqsis darTva da fuZiseuli a<br />
xmovnis aucilebeli sinkopireba iwvevs ramdenime (4) Tanxmovnis<br />
TavmoKras. maTgan aseve Kvela sonoria, garda erTisa<br />
(rsmn<br />
mn). derivatis fonetikuri gamartiveba am SemTxvevaSic substantivaciis<br />
gavleniT iZleva saTanado grafologiur termins.<br />
g) kompoziciis gziT nawarmoebi sitKva Tana<br />
namo<br />
mosag<br />
sagre<br />
re, romelic<br />
amjamad qarTulSi ixmareba kolegiuri saqmianobis, ker-<br />
Zod, Tanamosaqmis mniSvnelobiT, warmoSobiT sinonimuri Tana<br />
na-<br />
meb<br />
ebrZo<br />
Zolis<br />
mniSvnelobidan momdinareobs da etimologiurad<br />
ukavSirdeba arsebiT saxels _ sangars<br />
(Sdr. rus. окоп). misi<br />
morfemuli analizi aseTia: Tana<br />
na-mo<br />
mo-sang<br />
sang(a)r-e. Srd. mo-sangr<br />
sangr-e<br />
ix. me-sangr<br />
sangr-e 1 .<br />
mo-_-e cirkumfiqsis xmovanTa darTvam gamoiwvia fuZiseuli<br />
a xmovnis aucilebeli kumSva: Tanamosangare > Tanamosangre;<br />
Semdgom etapze daikarga n sonoric, magram es gauCinareba mxolod<br />
fonetikur doneze ar darCenila da mas sitKvis semantikuri<br />
gadaxalisebis funqcia daekisra, roca amgvarad saxecvlilma<br />
saTanado sitKvam `TanamebrZolis~ metonimiis gziT<br />
ufro `mSvidobiani~ niuansi (ko<br />
kole<br />
legis<br />
gis, Tana<br />
namo<br />
mosaq<br />
saqmis<br />
mis, Tanam<br />
nam-<br />
Sromlis<br />
lisa) SeiZina _ am ukanaskneli sinonimiT ara oden oficialuri<br />
statusis, aramed realuri erToblivi, amasTan, myidro<br />
Tanamosaqmeobis aGsaniSnavad Tu misaniSneblad.<br />
d) kompozitisave farglebSi uCinardeba sonori m bgera<br />
`falsifikatoris~ qarTuli ekvivalentis _ `gamKalbeblis~<br />
terminologizaciis mizniT nawarmoeb kompozit `Kalbismqnel-<br />
Si~, romelic, Cveulebriv, dokumentebis an fulis damxatvels<br />
aGniSnavs. rusulSic es termini kompoziciis meSveobiT Seiqmna,<br />
oGond iq meore komponentad fuZe mone<br />
neta<br />
_ specifikuri<br />
sufiqsis darTviT _ damkvidrda, qarTulSi ki misi adgili<br />
mimGeoba mqnelma<br />
ma 2 daikava; terminologiuri kompozicia moxda<br />
m sonoris dakargvis Sedegad gamartivebis xarJze: Kalbismq<br />
bismq(m)ne<br />
ne-<br />
li. am zmnis mimGeobis amosavali qna Cans (Sdr. xalxuri derivaciuli<br />
warmoebis `ga<br />
gaaimas<br />
masqn<br />
qna~, romelic mix. JavaxiSvilma esoden<br />
marJved gamoiKena Tavisi cnobili romanis mTavari personajis<br />
_ kvayi kvayantiraZis aferistul-avantiuruli saqmianobis<br />
mxatvrulad daxasiaTebis mizniT).<br />
2. bgera<br />
raTa SerwKma<br />
qarTulSi bgeraTSerwKmis saxeliT cnobili SemTxvevebidan,<br />
romlebic, Cveulebriv, dialeqtizmebadaa kvalificirebuli<br />
(Tvali > Toli, Svidi > Sudi...), erT-erTi masdaruli<br />
warmoebis sitKva _ gamar<br />
marJve<br />
Jveba<br />
_ saliteraturo enaSi damkvidrda<br />
misalmebis formulad: gamar<br />
marJo<br />
Joba<br />
(< gamarJveba).<br />
aGniSnulma fonetikurma cvlilebam _ viniani kompleqsis bgeraTSerwKmam<br />
_ xeli SeuwKo mis erTgvar `konversias~. am terminSi<br />
aq nagulisxmebia saxelis gazmnaveba, romlis Sedegicaa<br />
sapasuxo formulis warmoqmna fuZiseuli v-s CavardniT da pirisa<br />
Tu qcevis prefiqsebisa da zmnis dro-kilouri paradigmis<br />
nakvTis mawarmoebeli sufiqsis gamoKenebiT: ga-g-i-marJ<br />
marJ-o-s/-T<br />
(< gagimarJvos/T), ga-u-marJ<br />
arJ-o-s/-T (< gaumarJvos/T).<br />
am zmnuri formulis analogiam Tavdapirveli gamar<br />
marJo<br />
Joba<br />
ba-c<br />
TandaTan zmnur paradigmebSi gadaiKvana, rasac mowmobs mravlobiTi<br />
ricxvisa Tu Tavaziani mimarTvis formebSi mravlobi-<br />
Tobis -T sufiqsis gaCena (ga<br />
gamar<br />
marJo<br />
Joba<br />
ba-T, bavSvebo! gamar<br />
marJo<br />
Joba<br />
ba-T,<br />
qalbatono Tamar!), romelic msgavs situaciebSi misalmebis pasuxad<br />
saTqmeli zmnuri gagi<br />
gimar<br />
marJo<br />
Jo-T formis analogiiT unda<br />
iKos Seqmnili.<br />
zemoaGniSnuli fonetikuri procesebis analizma gamokveTa<br />
erTi saerTo niSani: Kvela SemTxvevaSi semantikuri gadaxaliseba<br />
xdeba sono<br />
nori Tanxmov<br />
movne<br />
nebis<br />
an maTi Semcveli kompleqsebis<br />
1<br />
sagulisxmoa, rom `TanamebrZolis~ mniSvnelobiT rusulSi ixmareba<br />
соратник, romelic nawarmoebia rusuli sitKvisagan рать (= 1. Jari, laSqari; 2.<br />
brZola, omi) со- prefiqsiTa da -ник sufiqsiT (analogiuri warmoebisaTvis<br />
Sdr. Tana-m-Srom<br />
Srom-el<br />
el-i da misi rusuli SesatKvisi со-труд-ник).<br />
14<br />
2 aq iqneb zedmeti ar iKos imis aGniSvna, rom sitKva qmari, romelic dGes<br />
bunebrivadaa damkvidrebuli KofiTs sitKvaxmarebaSi, mimGeoburi warmoSobisave<br />
unda iKos, oGond am SemTxvevaSi Tavkiduri, mimGeobis mawarmoebeli m<br />
sonoris disimilaciuri dakargviT miGebuli.<br />
15
fonetikuri modifikaciis fonze.<br />
terminebis SeqmnaSi fonetikur cvlilebaTa rolis damadasturebeli<br />
zemoganxiluli magaliTebi Tumca sixSiriTa da<br />
produqtiulobiT sitKvawarmoebas ver Seedreba, magram maTi<br />
gaTvaliswineba, damatebiTi masalis gamovlena da saTanado kvalifikacia<br />
aucilebelia faqtobrivadac da meTodologiuri<br />
TvalsazrisiTac. msgavsi masalis analizi Tavis kuTvnil adgils<br />
daiyers specialur terminTa Tu specifikuri enobrivi<br />
formulebis Seqmna-CamoKalibebis kvlevaSi.<br />
l i a b a k u r a Z e<br />
Tvise<br />
sebi<br />
bisa<br />
da ricxvis<br />
eqspre<br />
spresi<br />
siuli<br />
gamoxat<br />
xatvis<br />
SemTxve<br />
mTxveve<br />
vebi<br />
-oba<br />
sufiq<br />
fiqsi<br />
sian<br />
saxe<br />
xeleb<br />
lebSi<br />
-oba<br />
sufiqsis erT-erTi funqciaa abstraqtuli da krebiTi<br />
saxelebis warmoeba. es sufiqsi, faqtobrivad, miuTiTebs<br />
sagnis an saganTa Tvisebaze: oficro<br />
roba<br />
ba, axalgaz<br />
gazrdo<br />
rdoba<br />
ba.<br />
am formebs erTdroulad aqvT Tvisebisa da simravlis<br />
gamoxatvis unari. -oba<br />
sufiqsiani krebiTi saxelebis warmoeba<br />
Kvela Ziridan ar xerxdeba. mag. mxatvro<br />
vroba<br />
ba, damla<br />
mlageb<br />
geblo<br />
loba sulac<br />
ar niSnavs mravals da mxolod Tvisebis aGmniSvnelia. -oba<br />
sufiqsis gverdiT gvaqvs -nar<br />
sufiqsiani krebiTi saxelebic.<br />
Zvel qarTulSi iSviaTad, magram mainc gvxvdeba -oba<br />
da<br />
-nar<br />
sufiqsiT nawarmoebi krebiTi saxelebic:<br />
x i l n a r n i iKvnes mSveni<br />
nier<br />
erni<br />
ni, egeTni<br />
ni, rome<br />
meli<br />
Koveli<br />
feri<br />
xili<br />
mun ipove<br />
vebo<br />
boda<br />
(amirandareJaniani).<br />
qari<br />
risa<br />
sagan<br />
x e v n a r T a Sigan<br />
Seeq<br />
eqmne<br />
mnebis<br />
hma (visramiani).<br />
smides<br />
da gaixa<br />
xareb<br />
rebdis<br />
dis, iKo dide<br />
debul<br />
bulTa<br />
J a l a b o b a<br />
(visramiani).<br />
Koveli<br />
m u s l i m a n o b a brZane<br />
neba<br />
basa<br />
Tqvensa<br />
morCi<br />
rCileb<br />
leb-<br />
des da mzesa<br />
Tqvensa<br />
ficev<br />
cevdes<br />
(visramiani).<br />
vfiqrobT, amosavali funqcia -oba<br />
sufiqsisa unda iKos<br />
16<br />
Tvisebis da ara simravlis, ricxvis gamoxatva.<br />
gramatikuli ricxvi Tu simravle, bunebrivia, sagnebisa<br />
Tu movlenebis Tvisobriv gansazGvrasac gvaZlevs da, piriqiT,<br />
Tvisebis maxasiaTebeli gadadis ricxobriv maxasiaTebelSi, radgan<br />
orive raodenobis kategoriaa, romelic sagnebisa da maTi<br />
nawilebis garegnul, formalur urTierTmimarTebas gamoxatavs:<br />
Tvisebas, sidides _ zomas, wonas, ricxvs, aseve ama Tu im<br />
Tvisebis xarisxs.<br />
-oba<br />
sufiqsiani saxelebis saxasiaTo Tvisebis ricxobriv-<br />
Si gadasvlisaTvis, is unda axasiaTebdes mxolod adamianTa<br />
klass da am maxasiaTebliT gamoarCios igi sazogadoebis sxva<br />
nawilisagan: maswav<br />
wavleb<br />
leblo<br />
loba<br />
ba, oficro<br />
roba<br />
ba, glexo<br />
xoba<br />
(adamianTa<br />
garkveuli socialuri statusi). Tvisebis simravle paralelurad<br />
moiazreba rogorc araTvladi simravle (axalgazrdoba<br />
_Tviseba; axalgazrdoba _simravle am Tvisebis matarebeli<br />
xalxisa). mas SeuZlia meoreuli gadaazrianebis Semdeg xelaxla<br />
moirgos Tvisebis gageba da axla uve simravlis sisrule<br />
gansazGvros. mTeli<br />
axalgaz<br />
gazrdo<br />
rdoba<br />
aq iKo.. gamodis, rom ricxvi<br />
(araTvladi simravle) da Tviseba monacvleoben erTmaneT-<br />
Si da amitom paralelurad gamoxataven orive kategorias. es<br />
eqspresiulobis gamoxatvis erT-erTi saSualebaa enaSi. simravlis<br />
eqspresiulobis ganviTarebis procesi ase gvesaxeba: 1. ka-<br />
cebi<br />
_ kaco<br />
coba<br />
wKvilis gaCena SesaZlebelia gapirobebuli iKos<br />
simravlis eqspresiulobis gamoxatvis sayiroebiT. 2. Semdeg,<br />
mogvianebiT -oba<br />
sufiqsi iZens erTgvari qvekategoriis mawarmoeblis<br />
funqcias (kacoba, glexoba), amitom eqspresiulobis<br />
gamosaxatavad sayiro xdeba msazGvrel mTelis<br />
damatebac.<br />
qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi, Tavis mxriv, mravlobiTis<br />
gamosaxatavad monacvleobs -oba<br />
da -eb<br />
sufiqsi: mTeli<br />
xel-<br />
mwifo<br />
foba<br />
ba, Kvela<br />
xelmwi<br />
mwife<br />
feebi<br />
bi/ mTeli<br />
xelmwi<br />
mwife<br />
feebi<br />
bi. ori<br />
msazGvreli _ mTeli<br />
da Kvela<br />
ki ganarCevs Tvlad da araTvlad<br />
saganTa simravles. aqac mTelis<br />
darTviT eb sufiqsiani<br />
mravlobiTis formaze Cans enaSi Tvladidan araTvlad simravleSi<br />
gadasvlis tendencia. Tumca, zogJer dialeqtebSi proce-<br />
17
si ise Sors aris wasuli, rom Tvisebis simravles SeiZleba<br />
msazGvrelad moevlinos ricxviTi saxeli, isev Tvladi simravlis<br />
msazGvreli: ori komlo<br />
loba<br />
(fe<br />
fere<br />
reid<br />
idnu<br />
nuli<br />
li).<br />
es ki gvafiqrebinebs,<br />
rom raodenobis kategoriebs Soris monacvleobis procesi<br />
uwKvetia da eqspresiulobis xarisxzea damokidebuli.<br />
c i r a b a r b a q a Z e<br />
samKaros enobri<br />
rivi<br />
sura<br />
raTe<br />
Tebi<br />
poetur<br />
metKvele<br />
leba<br />
baSi<br />
(`var<br />
varskvla<br />
skvlave<br />
vebis<br />
poeti<br />
tika<br />
ka~ ana kalan<br />
landa<br />
daZis<br />
poezi<br />
ziaSi<br />
Si)<br />
calkeul avtorTa poetur SemoqmedebaSi gamoiKofa ise-<br />
Ti `sitKva_nawarmoebebi~, `sitKva_konceptebi~, romelTa gar-<br />
Semo SeiZleba gadaewKos poetis enobrivi samKaro. imisaTvis,<br />
rom amgvari sitKva_konceptebi, semantemebi, gamovlindes, aucilebelia:<br />
a) teqtSi semantemis gamoKenebis maGali sixSire, markireba;<br />
b) aGniSnuli semantemis metaforulobis maGali xarisxi,<br />
rac gamoixateba axal mniSvnelobaTa warmoqmnaSi;<br />
g) poetis Semoqmedebis koncepti Tavisi funqcionirebiT<br />
teqstSi gamoxatavs avtoris ideas.<br />
Cveni kvlevis obieqts am mimarTulebiT warmoadgenda ana<br />
kalandaZis poezia. poetur nawarmoebSi aris iseTi simboloebi,<br />
romlebic iTxoven interpretacias Tavad avtorisaTvis<br />
(m. mamardaSvili). kvlevis Sedegad poetis SemoqmedebaSi gamoikveTa<br />
sitKva-koncepti `var<br />
varskvla<br />
skvlavi<br />
vi~.<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom semantema `varskvlavi~ metnaklebi<br />
sixSiriT TiTqmis Kvela poetis SemoqmedebaSi gvxvdeba, magram<br />
ana kalandaZis `varskvlavi~ namdvilad gansakuTrebulia. ratom<br />
maincdamainc es sitKva? kiTxvaze pasuxi martivia da poetis individualobidan<br />
momdinareobs. rogorc Cans, am sitKviT gamo-<br />
18<br />
xatuli azri Kvelaze metad enaTesaveba poetis suls. sitKvis<br />
pirdapiri mniSvnelobidan dawKebuli mis Kvelaze ufro dausazGvrav<br />
mniSvnelobamde, TiTqmis Kvelafers Tavi mouKria ana<br />
kalandaZis SemoqmedebaSi.<br />
ana kalandaZis poeturi teqstebis mixedviT, sitKva `varskvlavis~<br />
saboloo azri uflisken midis, varskvlavi uflis<br />
erT-erTi epiTetia, saboloo aGsaniSni GmerTia, romelic Tavad<br />
dausazGvravia da dausazGvravia is semantemac, romelic<br />
misi aGmniSvneli xdeba.<br />
feSenko wers: `Tu davuSvebT, rom semiotikas aqvs Tavisi<br />
ganviTarebis siujeti, maSin am ganviTarebis kulminacia is wertilia,<br />
romelSic semiotika xvdeba poetikas~.<br />
maS, raze gadis gza azridan sitKvisken da piriqiT,<br />
sitKvidan azrisken? amaze vigotski gvipasuxebda: `...azri ar em-<br />
Txveva araTu sitKvebs, aramed arc maT mniSvnelobebs, romlebiTac<br />
is gamoiTqmeba. gza azridan sitKvisken mniSvnelobaze gadis.<br />
Cvens metKvelebaSi KovelTvis aris dafaruli qveteqsti.<br />
am winaaGmdegobis dasaZlevad iqmneba axali gza azridan<br />
sitKvisken sitKvaTa axali mniSvnelobebis gavliT~ (vigotski).<br />
swored aseT axal mniSvnelobebs gvTavazobs poeturi metKveleba.<br />
iqneb arc ise axalia dGeisTvis is azri, romelic Tavis<br />
droze kantma gamoxata agreTve metaforulad: ori ram maocebs<br />
amqveKnad _ varskvlavebiani ca Cem zemoT da moraluri<br />
kanoni CemSi! _ moraluri kanoni Tu uflismieria (da namdvilad<br />
aris uflismieri), masTan varskvlavebiani cis dakavSireba<br />
sulac ar aris SemTxveviTi da amasve adasturebs kantis am azris<br />
ana kalandaZiseuli reinterpretacia. iqneb samKaro sul<br />
ramdenime metaforis (re)interpretaciaa?<br />
19
g u r a m b e d o S v i l i<br />
sitKva `kaxambalis<br />
kaxambalis~ Sesaxeb<br />
`ka<br />
kaxam<br />
xamba<br />
bali<br />
li~ rogorc mexileobis termini mxolod qarTuli<br />
enis dasavluri dialeqtebisTvis (imeruli, rayuli, leCxumuri,<br />
guruli, ayaruli) aris cnobili. dokumentobriv `ka<br />
kaxam<br />
xamba<br />
ba-<br />
li~ º `ka<br />
kaxa<br />
xaba<br />
bali<br />
li~ warmodgenilia polik<br />
lik. JaJa<br />
Jani<br />
niZis<br />
`guruli leqsikonis<br />
masalebSi~, mix. alavi<br />
viZis<br />
`qvemorayul leqsikonSi~, SuSa<br />
Sa-<br />
na futka<br />
kara<br />
raZis<br />
monografiaSi `Cveneburebis qarTuli~ da a. S.<br />
`ka<br />
kaxam<br />
xamba<br />
bali<br />
li~, ramdenadac viciT, dGemde ganmartebuli ar<br />
Kofila. zogadad cnobilia, rom kaxambali hqvia msxvilmarcvlian<br />
TeTr da Sav bals. aragvis xeobis qarTlurSi amgvar<br />
TeTr bals `spanski bali~ ewodeba, rac mis Semosulobaze<br />
metKvelebs. rac Seexeba termin `ka<br />
kaxam<br />
xambals<br />
bals~ igi qarTuli enis<br />
dasavlur kiloebze metKveli xalxis kuTvnilebaa. igi unda<br />
ganvmartoT rogorc `kva<br />
kvaxa<br />
xaba<br />
bali<br />
li~ (kvaxiviT msxvilnaKofa bali),<br />
kvax- sitKviT xazgasmulia naKofis zoma, simsxo. saKuradGebo<br />
is aris, rom qarTuli enis aGmosavlur kiloebSi kaxam<br />
xamba<br />
balis<br />
lis,<br />
kaxa<br />
xaba<br />
balis<br />
nacvlad `gog<br />
gogra<br />
raba<br />
bali<br />
li~ gvxvdeba. kaxam<br />
xambal<br />
bal- formaSi<br />
m-ani mjGeri b-anis win ganviTarebula, umano formaSi (ka<br />
kaxa<br />
xaba<br />
ba-<br />
li) kvax sitKvis gamartiveba momxdara: kvax-a a bali<br />
> kaxa<br />
xa-ba<br />
ba-<br />
li, Cans piris saxel kaxa<br />
xa-sTan asociaciuri dakavSirebis gamo.<br />
m a r i n e b e r i Z e , d a v i T n a d a r a i a<br />
dialeq<br />
leqtu<br />
turi<br />
teqste<br />
stebis<br />
korpu<br />
pusis<br />
pirve<br />
vela<br />
ladi<br />
anoti<br />
tire<br />
reba<br />
(proeqti: saqarTvelos lingvisturi portreti)<br />
meore welia mimdinareobs muSaoba proeqtze `saqarTvelos<br />
lingvisturi portreti~. am droisaTvis Sesrulebulia<br />
mniSvnelovani samuSao sami ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT: teqstebis<br />
20<br />
koleqciis eleqtronuli versiis Seqmna, axali teqstebis mopoveba,<br />
korpusis arqiteqturisa da monacemTa bazis Seqmnis principebis<br />
SemuSaveba.<br />
korpusis, `mSeneblobisas~ erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi<br />
etapia anotireba. ganasxvaveben `zedapiruli~ da `Grma~ anotirebis<br />
korpusebs. korpusis lingvistikis Tanamedrove praqtika-<br />
Si miGebuli gzaa etapobrivi anotireba.<br />
Cven viwKebT zedapiruli _ pirveladi morfologiuri<br />
da semantikuri anotirebiT, Tumca mimdinareobs Teoriuli<br />
muSaoba korpusis Grma anotirebis logikuri platformis<br />
mosamzadeblad.<br />
dGeisaTvis korpusi warmoadgenilia hiperteqstis principiT<br />
gamTlianebuli `subkorpusebis~ saxiT, romelic moicavs:<br />
gamocemul dialeqtur teqstebs, saeqspedicio masalas, dialeqtur<br />
leqsikonebs, mxatvrul da samecniero literaturaSi damowmebul<br />
dialeqtur formaTa saZieblebs da sxv. gaTvaliwinebulia<br />
korpusTan migraciuli procesebisa da toponimikuri<br />
cxrilebis integrirebac.<br />
pirvelad morfologiur da semantikur anotirebas `gaivlis~<br />
dGemde dafiqsirebuli Kvela sitKvaforma da leqsikuri<br />
erTeuli, Tumca proeqtis farglebSi gaTvaliswinebulia mxolod<br />
fereidnuli, ingilouri da TuSuri masalis anotireba.<br />
mocemul etapze ukve gaaqtiurebulia korpusis erT-erTi<br />
mTavari da pirveladi (zedapiruli) anotirebisTvis aucilebeli<br />
_ konkordansis avtomaturi warmoqmnis funqcia, rac gulisxmobs<br />
anbanze gawKobili saerTo sitKvanisa da masTan dakav-<br />
Sirebuli konteqstebis avtomatur warmodgenas.<br />
pirveladi morfologiuri anotirebis procesi ase<br />
gamoiKureba (muSaobis procesSi is SeiZleba kidev ufro daixvewos):<br />
1. sitKvis arCeva;<br />
2. anotirebis velis gaaqtiureba;<br />
3. morfologiuri statusis miniyeba (zmna, saxeli, saxelzmna,<br />
formaucvleli sitKva, rTuli morfologiuri sta-<br />
21
tusis sitKva (enklitika da sxv. SemTxvevebi);<br />
4. saleqsikono formis (masdaris an saxelobiTi brunvis)<br />
miniyeba (gansazGvra);<br />
5. saliteraturo SesatKvisis miniyeba;<br />
6. saliteraturo saleqsikono formis miniyeba;<br />
7. konteqstis arCeva dialeqtis mixedviT da konkretul<br />
formasTan misi dakavSireba.<br />
Sesabamisad, Zebna korpusSi ganxorcieldeba nebismieri am<br />
maxasiaTeblis mixedviT.<br />
rogorc cnobilia, ZiriTadi enobrivi fondis sitKvebi<br />
dialeqtur leqsikonebSi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi aisaxeba, roca<br />
isini damatebiTi mniSvnelobiT aGiyurvebian (e. w. semantikuri<br />
dialeqtizmebi). korpusis lingvisturi anotirebis sistema SesaZleblobas<br />
iZleva, Seswavlil iqnes dialeqtis aqtiur mimoqcevaSi<br />
mKofi saerTo fondis leqsikac, ganisazGvros misi roli,<br />
variaciulobis done, variaciulobis mizezi. statistikuri,<br />
kvantitatiuri, sociolingvisturi da sxv. mimarTulebebiT<br />
kvlevis obieqtad iqces erTi mxriv, dialeqturi metKvelebis<br />
mTliani enobrivi qsovili da meore mxriv, mxolod is gansxvavebuli,<br />
specifikuri leqsika an gramatikuli saSualebebi, rac<br />
am dialeqts axasiaTebs.<br />
m a n a n a b u k i a<br />
sinonimebisaTvis megrul mesaqonleobis<br />
obis<br />
leqsikaSi<br />
moxsenebaSi ganixileba megruli mesaqonleobis leqsikaSi<br />
warmodgenili sinonimebis rigi, garkveulia maTi gavrcelebis<br />
areali, is morfologiuri inventari, riTac xdeba sinonimTa<br />
warmoeba.<br />
sinonimebs ZiriTadad qmnis megruli (Zireuli da warmo-<br />
22<br />
qmnili) da nasesxebi sitKvebis wKvili.<br />
rZis sawuris aGsaniSnavad gamoiKeneba owirali º owire º<br />
owireSi (zedm. `sawuravi~, `sawuri~, `sawurisi~). sintagma bjaS<br />
owira<br />
rali<br />
(zedm. `rZis sawuri~), paralelurad gvxvdeba qarTulidan<br />
momdinare sawˆri (← sawuri). Sdr. sawu<br />
wura<br />
ravi<br />
`riTac<br />
unda wuron, rZis sawuri~ (qegl), imer. sawu<br />
wuri<br />
`rZis gasawuri<br />
mowKobiloba~, ayar. sawu<br />
wuria<br />
`rZis sawuri~, svan. lawŸd’r º<br />
lawŸdr `rZis sawuri~. lazurSi (da ayarulSic) am mniSvnelobiT<br />
Turqulidan SeTvisebuli suzgi<br />
gamoiKeneba. mTian samegreloSi<br />
paralelurad gvxvdeba xara<br />
raza<br />
º xara<br />
raza<br />
zaka<br />
º xara<br />
raZa<br />
Zaga<br />
º xˆraZa<br />
Zaga<br />
gafa<br />
fa, romelic momdinareobs afxazuri a-xra<br />
xraZa<br />
Zaga<br />
ga-dan<br />
(a-x `rZe~, a-ra<br />
raZa<br />
Zaga<br />
`wurva, gamowurva~).<br />
mwKemsis aucilebeli inventaris, rkinamocmuli Joxis aGsaniSnavad<br />
megruli iKenebs terminebs: biga<br />
ga, romelic Cans dasavlur<br />
mikrosistemebSi: imer. bigi<br />
`saKrdeni Joxi~, gur. biga<br />
`orkapa Tivis asaGebi Joxi~, sintagmebi: kaGuami<br />
keti<br />
(zedm.<br />
`kaviani Joxi~), Cxvindami keti<br />
(zedm. `cxviriani Joxi~) da<br />
afxazuridan SeTvisebuli laba<br />
baSa<br />
Sa-s (afx. a-labaSa `mwKemsis Joxi,<br />
kverTxi~).<br />
sinonimTa rigs qmnis gvaba<br />
bala<br />
`xis gobi, romelzec zelen<br />
suluguns~ (← gobela), niso<br />
sori<br />
da sparsulidan SeTvisebuli<br />
barqa<br />
qaSi<br />
º barqa<br />
qaSia<br />
Sia. gvaba<br />
bala<br />
qarTveluridan nasesxobis saxiT<br />
gvaqvs afxazurSi a-gaba<br />
abalaa<br />
formiT.<br />
megrulSi SeTvisebulia daGis, seris aGmniSvneli orive<br />
sitKva: daGi da xnwra º xˆnwra º xˆnwˆra º Zinwi<br />
wira<br />
ra. pirveli<br />
sparsulidanaa Semosuli, meore ki afxazuridan (a-xwa<br />
xwara<br />
`seri~).<br />
SevniSnavT, rom afxazuridan nasesxebi sitKvebi ZiriTadad<br />
mTian samegreloSia gavrcelebuli.<br />
xSirad martivi formis sinonimad gamoiKeneba warmoqmnili<br />
sitKvebi (ZiriTadad mimGeobebi).<br />
niga<br />
º nˆga-s (`sawveluli~) paralelurad gamoiKeneba<br />
mimGeoburi warmoSobis enaqva<br />
vala<br />
lari<br />
(zedm. `Casawveli~). Sdr.<br />
sawve<br />
wvele<br />
leli º sawve<br />
wvele<br />
lela<br />
la `xis an Tixis pirganieri Grma yuryeli,<br />
romelSic wvelian~ (qegl), imer. sawve<br />
wveli<br />
`qoTani, romel-<br />
23
Sic Zroxas wvelian~, qiziK. sawve<br />
wvele<br />
leli<br />
li `sarZeuli, tolCa, romelSic<br />
wvelian~. sainteresoa, rom afxazurSi megrulidan nasesxebi<br />
a-nˆga<br />
mxolod abjuur dialeqtSi gvxvdeba, bzifurSi<br />
mas a-x½ar<br />
ar Caenacvleba.<br />
zari<br />
º zara<br />
º zare<br />
formas xSirad Caenacvleba nagenetivari<br />
oreke<br />
keSi<br />
(zedm. `sarekisi~). Sdr. afxaz. a-sark<br />
sark½al<br />
al `zari~<br />
(← qarT. sare<br />
reke<br />
keli<br />
li).<br />
warmoqmnili formebiT gadmoicema megrulSi karvis mzareulis<br />
aGmniSvneli sitKvebi. me_e cirkumfiqsiT nawarmoebi me-<br />
xil-e-s gverdiT gvxvdeba marTuli kompoziti kareS<br />
reSma<br />
madi<br />
diara<br />
rafa<br />
fa-<br />
li zedm. `karvis dampurebeli~ (ka<br />
kare<br />
`karavi~, ma-di<br />
diar<br />
ar-af<br />
af-al<br />
al-i<br />
`mymeveli, dampurebeli~).<br />
zogJer termini sintagmiTaa warmodgenili, sadac sazGvruli<br />
erTi (saerTo) sitKvaa, sinonimebs ki msazGvreli qmnis:<br />
dida da Cxou (zedm. `deda Zroxa~) º mayval Cxou (zedm. `mewveli<br />
Zroxa~) º mebja<br />
bjalu Cxou (zedm. `merZeve Zroxa~) zogadad<br />
`furs~ aGniSnavs.<br />
kareS JoGori (zedm. `karvis ZaGli~) º meSxu<br />
SxureS JoGori<br />
(zedm. `mwKemsis ZaGli~) zogadad mecxvaris ZaGlis, nagazis<br />
aGmniSvnelia.<br />
S a l v a g a b e s k i r i a<br />
metKvelebis aGmniSvneli qarTveluri zmnebis<br />
zogi Taviseburebis Sesaxeb<br />
1. metKvelebis aGmniSvneli qarTveluri zmnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia<br />
droTa ganmavlobaSi maTi erTi nawilis xmarebidan<br />
gamosvla da mis nacvlad axali zmnuri fuZeebis damkvidreba.<br />
amisda miuxedavad zogierTi maTgani qarTvelur fuZe-enas<br />
ganekuTvneba (s.-qarTv. *Tq<br />
TqŸ-, Sum. dug- `Tqma~?).<br />
24<br />
qarTvelur verbum dicendi-Si SeiniSneba mokle zmnebis na-<br />
cvlad grZeli leqsemebis damkvidrebis tendencia. amgvar magaliTebs<br />
Sorisaa fonetikurad msgavsi da Sesabamisad nakleb<br />
gamomxatveli mokle zmnebi.<br />
Zv. qarT. Tq‚s, itK‚s (`ambobs~) _ ax. qarT. ambobs<br />
bobs,<br />
lapa<br />
para<br />
rakobs<br />
kobs.<br />
mokle zmnaTa sicocxlisunarianobas xels uwKobs enaSi<br />
maTgan nawarmoeb saxelebis arsebobac. zmna bar _ mouba<br />
bari<br />
ri, sauba<br />
bari<br />
ri, itKvis _ sitKva, laz. ot(k)u `Tqma, kiTxva~ _ zita<br />
(zi-ta) `sitKva~.<br />
zmnaTa cvlilebis erT-erTi mizezia maTi semantikuri `cve-<br />
Ta~, ris Sedegadac xSirad salaparako enidan saliteraturo-<br />
Si Cndeba axali leqsemebi. Cans, Tavis droze qarTul saliteraturo<br />
enaSi amgvarad damkvidrda ambobs<br />
bobs, lapa<br />
para<br />
rakobs<br />
zmnebi,<br />
romelTa mniSvnelobiTac amjamad xSirad arasworad iZaxis<br />
zmnac gamoiKeneba.<br />
qarTul mwerlobasTan kavSiris gawKvetis gamo zanuri enis<br />
lazur kilo-kavebSi zepirmetKvelebis gziT gaCenili metKvelebis<br />
aGmniSvneli mravali zmna dasturdeba. saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi<br />
berZnul da Turqul enebTan kontaqtebis Sedegad lazurSi<br />
ucxo enebidan zepiri gziT Semosuli saxelebidan warmoqmnili<br />
zmnuri fuZeebi gaCnda: opara<br />
rami<br />
miTu<br />
Tu, oxapa<br />
paru<br />
ru, olaqi<br />
qidu<br />
du.<br />
2. xangrZlivi istoriis mqone qarTuli saliteraturo<br />
enis verbum dicendi-Si dronakl da fuZemonacvle zmnebs Soris<br />
nakvTTa awmKos wKebaSi ixmareba ubno<br />
noba<br />
da relatiuri eubne<br />
neba<br />
zmnebi (mK. etKvis, nam. uTxra, Turm. I uTqvams<br />
qvams). specialur<br />
literaturaSi ubnoba, msgavsad `laparakisa~, ufro nasaxelar<br />
zmnadaa miCneuli: uban: uban-ob-a → ubn-ob-a (v. Tofuria,<br />
iv. qavTaraZe, f. erTeliSvili).<br />
ubnobs qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi sxvadasxva formiTaa dadasturebuli:<br />
ubnobs<br />
(zemoimeruli, rayuli, leCxumuri), ug-<br />
nobs (ayaruli). dialeqtebis leqsikur SemadgenlobaSi fiqsirebulia<br />
aseve ebne<br />
neba<br />
ba, ebne<br />
neva<br />
va.<br />
ubno<br />
noba<br />
zmnis istoriisa da struqturis aGsadgenad gasaTvaliswinebelia<br />
Zveli da saSuali qarTuli enis ZeglTa mona-<br />
25
cemebi. xmovanTa funqcionaluri monacvleobis maCvenebel im<br />
magaliTebs Soris, romlebSic e vnebiTs ar gamoxatavs, dasaxelebulia<br />
uban-i da euben<br />
formebic (v. Tofuria), Sdr. `vefxistKaosnis~<br />
euben<br />
(`uTxari, elaparake~), agreTve meore seriis<br />
moqmedebiTis forma da-g-i-ubn<br />
ubn-e (kimeni) da sxv.<br />
gansaxilveli zmna nasaxelari unda iKos, ban-idan miGebuli<br />
(`xma~, `sitKva~), bani<br />
ƒmis SewKoba (saba). ban-isa da bar-is<br />
(abar-eb-s) kvlevisTvis gasaTvaliswinebeli Cans somxur enaSi<br />
povnieri qarTveluri formebi da mniSvnelobebi: ban `sitKva~,<br />
`saqme~, bar `sitKva~. banis mniSvneloba axal qarTulSi daviwrovda.<br />
ban-s ukavSirdeba e-ban<br />
ban-is saxelwodebac.<br />
g v a n c a g v a n c e l a Z e<br />
-ur<br />
urº-ul<br />
ul sufiqsTa erTi funqcia istoriuli<br />
sabuTebis mixedviT<br />
specialur samecniero literaturaSi -ur<br />
da -ul<br />
daboloebebidan<br />
amosavlad pirveli miiCneva, meore ki mis fonetikur<br />
variantad ganixileba. cnobilia, rom oden -ur sufiqss mravali<br />
funqcia aqvs da awarmoebs:<br />
a) niSan-Tvisebis gamomxatvel zedasarTavebs (kac-ur<br />
ur-i,<br />
Zm-ur<br />
ur-i...);<br />
b) warmomavlobis zedsarTavebs (qalaq-ur<br />
ur-i, Tbilis-ur<br />
ur-i,<br />
aqa-ur<br />
ur-i...);<br />
g) gvarsaxelebs (buCuk-ur<br />
ur-i, GuduSa-ur<br />
ur-i...);<br />
d) gaTxovil qalTa qaliSvilobis gvaris variantebs (kviniko-ur<br />
ur-i, fxako-ur<br />
ur-i...);<br />
e) masdarTa erT tips (JuJG-ur<br />
ur-i,<br />
faT-ur<br />
ur-i...)<br />
(ix.:<br />
b. JorbenaZe, m. kobaiZe, m. beriZe, qarTuli enis morfemebisa da<br />
modaluri elementebis leqsikoni).<br />
26<br />
daboloeba -ul<br />
saxelebze darTvisas gamoiKeneba imave funqciebiT,<br />
oGond dasturdeba mxolod maSin, roca fuZeSi aris<br />
r Tanxmovani(ix.: dasax. naSr., gv. 390-392).<br />
am konteqstSi KuradGebas ipKrobs Sua saukuneebSi Sedgenil<br />
iuridiul dokumentebSi dadasturebuli uamravi mikrotoponimi,<br />
romelTa fuZeebSi aSkarad gamosaKofia -ur<br />
da -ul<br />
daboloebani da am daboloebebs aqvT zemoT dasaxelebulTagan<br />
gansxvavebuli funqcia _ gamoxaton miwis nakveTis, nagebobis<br />
an saflavis kuTvnileba ama Tu im pirisadmi. Kvela am mikrotoponims<br />
safuZvlad udevs piris (ZiriTadad mamakacis) sakuTari<br />
saxelebi, anda metsaxelebi, iSviaTad ki _ gvarsaxelebic.<br />
aGsaniSnavia isic, rom am Jgufis mikrotoponimTa erTi nawili<br />
orsitKviania (msazGvrel-sazGvrulis tipisa), meore nawili ki<br />
aSkarad orsitKviani mikrotoponimebisagan momdinare TiTositKviani<br />
saxelebia (gasubstantivebuli msazGvrelebi).<br />
o r s i t K v i a n i m i k r o t o p o n i m e b i a:<br />
alvena-ur<br />
ur-i mamuli (1639 w., 1693 w.); antona-ur<br />
ur-i venaxi<br />
(1655 w.), arsena-ul<br />
ul-i saflavi (XV s.), arJevena-ul<br />
ul-i mamuli da<br />
sasaxle (1609 w.), barda-ul<br />
ul-i miwa (1659 w.), bedian-ur<br />
ur-i venaxi<br />
(1655 w.), bendian-ur<br />
ur-i saxli (1482 w.), berZena-ul<br />
ul-i mindori<br />
(1660 w.) burdula-ul<br />
ul-i mamuli (1678 w.), burnaKa-ul<br />
ul-i miwa<br />
(XVIIs.), buGlia-ur<br />
ur-i mamuli (1584 w.), gamrekela-ur<br />
ur-i mamuli<br />
(1654 w.), gemia-ur<br />
ur-i mamuli (1673 w.), sulia-ur<br />
ur-i venaxi (1477 w.),<br />
tabarvana-ul<br />
ul-i mamuli (XVII s.), toxa-ur<br />
ur[i]miwa (1612 w.), turia-ul<br />
ul-i venaxi (1609 w.) fanqvel-ur<br />
ur-i miwa (XVII s.) fasa-ur<br />
ur-i<br />
mamuli (XVII s.), filimana-ur<br />
ur-i savenaxe (XVII s.), futura-ul<br />
ul-i<br />
mamuli (XVIIs.), Sio-ur<br />
ur-i mamuli (XVII s.), gogora-ul<br />
ul-i mamuli<br />
(XVII s.), gula-ur<br />
ur-i venaxi (1695 w.), gula-ur<br />
ur-i yala (XIV s.),<br />
TaKa-ur<br />
ur-i venaxi (1694 w.), Teodora-ul<br />
ul-i navenaxebi (daaxl.<br />
1258 w.), ivanaZe-ul<br />
ul-i mamuli (1559 w.), miqela-ur<br />
ur-i mamuli<br />
(1661 w.), samsona-ur<br />
ur-i mamuli (1624 w.) guJaba-ur<br />
ur-i partaxi<br />
(1259 w.), msxila-ur<br />
ur-i partaxi (1578 w.) da mr. sxvani.<br />
27
28<br />
e r T s i t K v i a n i m i k r o t o p o n i m e b i:<br />
uri-ul<br />
ul-i (1683 w.), folada-ur<br />
ur-i (XVII s.), qaCala-ur<br />
ur-i<br />
(1696 w.), Salva-ur<br />
ur-i (1398 w.), cicqi-ur<br />
ur-i (1628 w.), Javel-<br />
ur-i (1700 w.), abaza-ur<br />
ur-i (1632 w.), ambia-ul<br />
ul-i (1651 w.), buza-<br />
ur-i (1659 w.), gagna-ur<br />
ur-i (1559 w.), grZela-ur<br />
ur-i (1668 w.), gugula-ur<br />
ur-i (1655 w.), gulia-ur<br />
ur-i (1568 w.), deva-ur<br />
ur-i (XVI-XVII<br />
ss.), diGmela-ur<br />
ur-i (1524 w.), Tormane-ul<br />
ul-i (XVII s.), gvaza-ur<br />
ur-i<br />
(XVII s.), islama-ur<br />
ur-i (1662 w.), maxara-ul<br />
ul-i (1467 w.), manana-ur<br />
uri<br />
(1700 w.), maCxa-ur<br />
ur-i (XVII s.), nadira-ul<br />
ul-i (1614 w.), sapona-<br />
ur-i (XVII s.) da mr. sxvani.<br />
saKuradGeboa, rom -ul<br />
daboloeba dasturdeba zog iseT<br />
fuZesTanac, romlebic r Tanxmovans ar Seicaven. aseTebia, magaliTad,<br />
mikrotoponimebi: ivanaZe-ul<br />
ul-i mamuli (1559 w.), ivane-<br />
ul-i nasasaxlevi (1684 w.)...<br />
am tipis mikrotoponimebi praqtikulad gavrcelebuli Cans<br />
TiTqmis Kvela regionSi: kaxeT-hereTSi, qarTlSi, samcxe-JavaxeTSi,<br />
mTiuleTSi, imereTSi, raya-leCxumSi, guriaSi, samegreloSi...<br />
moxsenebaSi daismis sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, rom -ur<br />
ur//<br />
//-ul<br />
daboloebiani<br />
mikrotoponimebis nawili iolad SeiZleboda gadaqceuliKo<br />
oikonimebad (daba-sofelTa saxelebad). marTlac, Tanamedrove<br />
saqarTvelo mofenilia am sufiqsebiT gaformebuli<br />
iseTi oikonimebiT, rogoricaa: Ziguri (abaSis r.), gorguli<br />
(adigenis r.), bolaJauri, namiauri (iqve), ambrolauri (raya),<br />
Zirageuli, bugeuli, barguli (ambrolauris r.), CofCauri, babaneuli,<br />
Careqauli, qistauri, osiauri (axmetis r.), foladauri<br />
(bolnisis r.), Targameuli (martvilis r.), kalauri (gurJaanis<br />
r.), ananuri, pavleuri, gognauri, manaseuri, fasanauri,<br />
bulaCauri (duSeTis r.), kuSubauri, maisauri, inaSauri (vanis<br />
r.), dilikauri, rodinauli (zestafonis r.), kurdGelauri,<br />
Salauri (Telavis r.), maCitauri, kakabouri, odilauri (Ter-<br />
Jolis r.), Cobalauri (kaspis r.), onanuri (lagodexis r.),<br />
gvimblauri, gaguri (lanCxuTis r.), rcxmeluri, mananauri<br />
(lentexis r.), marneuli (daba), mSvidobauri, silauri, niabau-<br />
ri, boxvauri, laiTuri (ozurgeTis r.), wmindauri (onis r.),<br />
xaragauli, cicqiuri, Jafarauli (xaragaulis r.), Toxliauri,<br />
patarZeuli, badiauri (sagareJos r.), melauri, xunJulouri<br />
(samtrediis r.), maxaTauri, Salauri, korbouli (saCxeris r.),<br />
asanauri (siGnaGis r.), bziauri, ZuKnuri, ivaneuli (tKibulis<br />
r.), berZenauli, doGlauri, badiuri(qareli r.) gudauri (Kazbegis<br />
r.), Coxatauri, guTuri, ianeuli, Cakitauri, qadagauri,<br />
Svelaur-cicibauri, gogouri, goraberejouli (Coxatauris r.),<br />
pertuli (senakis r.), palouri (walenJixis r.), gvazauri, uZlouri,<br />
dedalauri, besiauri, xarabauli (xonis r.), besiauri<br />
(wKaltubos r.), osiauri (xaSuris r.), begiauri, kalauri, bunikauri,<br />
xalifauri, Cxirauli, gezruli (yiaTuris r.), xelva-<br />
Cauri, maxvilauri, Todogauri, maxinJauri, salibauri (xelvaCauris<br />
r.), kolotauri, arsenauli, gundauri, salibauri, kantauri,<br />
kokotauri (qedis r.), gogmaCauri, varJanauli, kobalauri<br />
(qobuleTis r.), wankalauri, goginauri, lomanauri, iakobauri,<br />
quTauri, oladauri, JumuSauri, buTurauli, myedluri, nigazeuli,<br />
foTelauri, varJanauli, xiyauri, gundauri, oqropilauri<br />
(Suaxevis r.), bozauri, qurduli, KinCauri, gurZauli,<br />
boZauri, danisparauli, fuSrukauli, maxalakauri, (xulos r.),<br />
yorbauli, Tormaneuli, muxauri (Kofili znauris r.), yayamuri,<br />
wifTauri, kitriuli (axalgoris r.), pantnauri, Cxarauli,<br />
lacauri, xoSuri, Sulauri, Seleuri, guJabauli, niniauri<br />
(cxinvalis r.), sinaguri (Javis r.).<br />
TiToeuli es oikonimi sagangebo kvlevas moiTxovs, rac momavlis<br />
saqmea.<br />
29
T e i m u r a z g v a n c e l a Z e<br />
afxazuri azuri zmnis kidev erTi morfologiur-modaluri<br />
modaluri<br />
kategoriis Sesaxeb<br />
(winaswari cnoba)<br />
1. afxazuri enis winamorbed mkvlevarTa, gansakuTrebiT ki<br />
akad. q. lomTaTiZis naSromebSi naCvenebia am enis zmnuri formaTwarmoebis<br />
gansakuTrebuli sirTule, rasac ganapirobebs<br />
Semdegi mizezebi:<br />
a) afxazurma enam dakarga monoklasovani uGvlilebis sistema<br />
da ganiviTara poliklasovan-polipersonaluri uGvlilebis<br />
sistema, rac gulisxmobs subieqtisa da nebismieri obieqtis<br />
srul asaxvas zmnur formaSi;<br />
b) afxazur enas ar axasiaTebs aramcTu daGestnur enaTa-<br />
Tvis niSandoblivi saxelTa brunebis uaGresad detalizebuli<br />
sistemis, aramed CerqezulSi warmodgenili brunebis umartivesi<br />
sistemis analogiuri warmoebac ki, rac afxazur enaSi kompensirebulia<br />
lokalur preverbTa urTulesi sistemis arsebobiT<br />
(SedarebisaTvis: daGestnur enebSi dasturdeba 50-80 Tandebuliani<br />
brunva, xolo afxazurSi warmodgenilia imave semantikis<br />
gadmomcemi 90-mde lokaluri preverbi);<br />
g) afxazuri ena Garibia TandebulebiT da ar moepoveba<br />
nacvalsaxelTa Tu zmnisarTTa, nawilakTa da kavSirTa didi<br />
Jgufi, romelTa semantika gadmoicema zmnur fuZeSi inkorporirebuli<br />
afiqsebis meSveobiT da a. S.<br />
am mizezTa gamo afxazur enas ganuviTarda sagangebo afiqsebiT<br />
gamoxatuli imgvari morfologiur-modaluri kategoriebi,<br />
romelTa semantika sxva enebSi Cveulebriv leqsikuri saSualebebiT<br />
gamoixateba.<br />
2. miuxedavad imisa, rom afxazuri enis morfologiur-modaluri<br />
kategoriebi sakmaod detaluradaa gamokvleuli, saanalizo<br />
am dargSi Jer kidev bevri rCeba. konkretul enobriv masalaze<br />
dakvirvebam saSualeba mogvca, gamovKoT erTi specifi-<br />
kuri warmoeba, romelic aqamde ar Kofila specialuri analizis<br />
sagani. es aris a…- specialuri prefiqsisa da `kvlav~ zmnisarTis<br />
semantikis gadmomcemi -x sufiqsis erToblivi gamoKenebiT<br />
nawarmoebi formebi. magaliTad:<br />
aa, u -o…<br />
o…-wabˆrgˆ-xˆ<br />
xˆ-m, axa... (d. gulia) `diax, es yeSmariteba<br />
gana (rogorGa) ar aris, magram...~<br />
afSmaca, urT rTaxca uha rˆ‚xˆ ˆmjka aZˆ d-aŸ-nrˆjx-…az<br />
(d. gulia) `maspinZlebi da maTi axloblebi udGegrZeleblad<br />
vinmes rogorGa (gana) gauSvebdnen?!~<br />
esma usg½ˆ u auxa d-aŸ-ca-x-Ÿaz! (d. gulia) `im GamiT esma<br />
mainc rogorGaa (gana) daiZinebda?!~<br />
ayKandar akˆ dargaat, axa apap u -aŸ-idˆr-x-Ÿaz (d.<br />
gulia) `episkoposi raGacam gaabraza, magram es mGvdels gana<br />
ecodineboda?!~ da a. S.<br />
rogorc am magaliTebidanac Cans, saanalizo zmnuri formebi<br />
Seesabameba qarTulis `rogorGa~, `gana~ leqsemebTan dakavSirebul<br />
zmnebs (upiratesad kavSirebiTi kilos formebs).<br />
isini afxazur winadadebebSi Kvelaze xSirad mapirispirebeli<br />
axa `magram~ kavSiris momdevno poziciaSi gvxvdeba. aGsaniSnavia<br />
isic, rom afxazuri zmnis amgvari formebi mudam infinituria.<br />
zmnur formaSi a…- prefiqss zmnis Tavidan meore adgili<br />
uyiravs da mudam mosdevs subieqtis an obieqtis d-s rigis<br />
prefiqsebs, xolo -x sufiqsi KovelTvis zmnis Zirs mosdevs.<br />
saanalizo formebi ewarmoebaT rogorc statikur, ise dinamikur<br />
zmnebs, dinamikuri zmna gardauvalic SeiZleba iKos da<br />
gardamavalic. nakvTeulis formaTagan es kategoria gvxvdeba<br />
awmKos, an namKo usrulis infinitur warmoebebSi.<br />
30<br />
31
e l e n e g i u n a S v i l i<br />
Sedge<br />
dgeni<br />
nili zmnebis kvlevis vis saki<br />
kiTxe<br />
Txebi<br />
bisa<br />
saTvis<br />
adre saSu<br />
Sualo sparsul<br />
sulSi<br />
saSualo sparsuli, romelic parTulTan erTad ganekuTvneba<br />
saSualo iranul enaTa Jgufis dasavlur Stos, gansakuTrebuli<br />
intensivobiT Seiswavleba ukanskneli aTwleulebis manZilze.<br />
misi evoluciis sakiTxebs mieZGvna vrceli samecniero literatura<br />
(am SromaTa bibliografia ix. v. zundermanis gramatikul<br />
narkvevSi _ W.Sundermann, Mittelpersisch, Compendium Linguarum<br />
Iranicarum, 1989, Wiesbaden, pp. 138-164). magram, aGsaniSnavia, rom am<br />
enis gramatikuli struqturisa da morfosintaqsis bevri mniSvnelovani<br />
sakiTxi Jer kidev ar aris saTanadod gamokvleuli.<br />
Kvelaze ufro metad es exeba zmnis kategorias. adresa-<br />
Sualo sparsulSi da SedarebiT gviandel teqstebSi dadasturebuli<br />
zmnuri formebi umTavresad ganixileboda istoriul-etimologiur<br />
aspeqtSi, anu ZiriTadi KuradGeba eTmoboda<br />
prezensis (awmKo drois) fuZeTa analizs da maT mimarTebebs<br />
Zvel iranul prezensis klasebTan.<br />
drois, aspeqtis, valentobisa da kilos gramatikuli kategoriebi,<br />
rogorc wesi, ganixileboda mokled da zogadad.<br />
saSualo sparsuli werilobiTi Zeglebis axali kritikuli<br />
gamocemebi realur safuZvels qmnis misi gramatikuli realiebis<br />
evoluciuri procesebis axleburi gaazrebisa da Sesabamisad, misi<br />
istoriuli ganviTarebis axleburi interpretaciisTvis.<br />
analitizmi saSualo sparsulis gramatikuli struqturis<br />
erT-erTi mTavari maxasiaTebelia. Zveli iranuli dro-aspeqturi<br />
sistemis kompleqsuri morfologiuri tipi, romelic<br />
Sedgeboda zmnur fuZeTa da saTanadod fleqsiur formaTa<br />
triqotomiisagan (prezensi-aoristi-perfeqti), Secvlili iKo<br />
awmKo da namKo drois zmnur fuZe da pirian formaTa binaruli<br />
paradigmatuli opoziciiT, romlebSic awmKos formebi<br />
fleqsiuria, xolo namKosi _ analitikuri. perifrastuli<br />
32<br />
zmnuri formebis saKovelTao integrireba SeiZleba ganixilebodes<br />
saSualo sparsulis (da zogadad, dasavluri saSualo<br />
iranuli enebis) inovaciad.<br />
saSualo sparsuli zmnis aGweriTi gramatikuli formebidan<br />
calke kategoriad gamoKofilia `rTuli zmnebi~ (В. С.<br />
Расторгуева, Среднеперсидский Язык, Москва, 1966, стр. 84; (В. С.<br />
Расторгуева, E. K. Moлчанова, Среднеперсидский Язык, Основы<br />
Иранского Языкознания, Москва, стр. 135-136 ; W. Sundermann, Mittelpersisch,<br />
pp.151-152) romlebic Sedgeba ori komponentisgan: arsebiTi,<br />
zedsarTavi an nazmnari saxelisa da damoukidebeli (um-<br />
Tavresad gardamavali tipis) zmnebisagan, rogoricaa kardan-<br />
“keTeba”, dādan “micema, boZeba”, burdan“motana” da sxv.<br />
ukve adre saSualo sparsul werilobiT ZeglebSi – maniqeur<br />
teqstebiSi (III s. Cv. w.), sasanur warwerebsa da siriuli<br />
fsalmunis saSualo sparsul TargmanSi (IV s. Cv. w.) vlindeba<br />
rTuli zmnebis TvalsaCino modelebi, romlebic konteqstebis<br />
Sesabamisad an gramatikul formas gadmoscems (magaliTad, āfrīn<br />
kardan “xotbis Sesxma~, romelSic āfrīn aris pirdapiri damateba),<br />
an zmnuri frazeologizmebis Sesabamisia.<br />
moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia rTuli zmnebis semantikuri da distribuciuli<br />
analizi adre saSualo sparsulis masalis mixedviT.<br />
g i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l i<br />
kidev erTxel -ia daboloebis Taobaze -ad da -am<br />
TemisniSnian zmnaTa I TurmeobiTis formaTa Soris<br />
Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo enis normebis mixedviT<br />
| TurmeobiTSi paralelur formaTagan _ dauxa<br />
xatavs<br />
º dauxa<br />
xatia<br />
_ meore (ia<br />
daboloebiani) varianti miCneulia arali<br />
li-<br />
tera<br />
ratu<br />
turu<br />
rulad<br />
(`ukugdebul unda iqneso~).<br />
33
1970-1976 wlebSi prof. z. yumburiZis mier gamoiTqva azri,<br />
rom `-av da -am Temis<br />
misniS<br />
niSni<br />
nian zmnaTa<br />
I Tur<br />
urmeo<br />
meobi<br />
biTis ori-<br />
vegva<br />
vari warmoeba sali<br />
lite<br />
tera<br />
ratu<br />
turo enaSi dasaS<br />
saSve<br />
vebad unda iq-<br />
nes miCne<br />
Cneuli<br />
li~. mogvianebiT am sakiTxs SevexeT ramdenime na-<br />
SromSi (2000, 2001, 2007 wlebSi). Cveni azri aseTi iKo: `ia<br />
daboloebian formebs (daumalia, unaxia... davumalivar, vunaxivar...)<br />
unda moexsnas akrZalva da isinic miCneuli unda iqnen<br />
saliteraturo enis kuTvnilebad~. msgavsi Tvalsazrisi gamoTqves<br />
d. meliqiSvilma (2001 w.), r. saGinaZem |2007 w.), r. zeqalaSvilma<br />
(2008 w.)... warmodgenil naSromebSi aris safuZvliani<br />
cda am Tvalsazrisis dasabuTebisa. miuxedavad amisa, normis<br />
cvlilebis sakiTxs oficialuri mxardayera ar hqonia. ufro<br />
metic, axlaxan gamoqveKnda S. afridoniZis werili, romelSic<br />
am azris `oponentebisa Tu kritikosebis~ mimarT sakmaod aramecnieruli,<br />
arakoreqtuli damokidebulebis gamomjGavnebiT<br />
aris survili Cveni azris uarKofisa; Tumca avtors aranairi<br />
seriozuli argumenti saamisod ar warmoudgenia.<br />
Cven kidev erTxel vsvamT sakiTxs amgvarad: aris Tu ara SesaZlebeli<br />
(da aucilebelic) arsebuli normis Secvla, Tu realuri<br />
enobrivi viTareba amis safuZvels iZleva? TiTqmis saukunis<br />
winandeli normebi SeiZleba Tu ara dGevandeli viTarebis<br />
Sesabamisad gaswordes? qarTulma saenaTmecniero sazogadoebam<br />
principuli pozicia unda daiyiros _ norma ar aris<br />
mudmivi da ucvleli fenomeni. gavixsenoT <strong>arnold</strong> <strong>Ciqobavas</strong><br />
Segoneba: `ar unda dagvaviwKdes, rom saliteraturo qarTuli<br />
ena, rogorc Koveli cocxali ena, ucvleli ver iqneba. amocana<br />
isaa, rom cvlis es procesi mizanSewonilad warvmarToT: SevinarCunoT<br />
da davicvaT Kvelaferi, rac faseuli Seuqmnia qar-<br />
Tuli enis mravalsaukunovan istorias, erTi mxriT. meorecaa<br />
da saliteraturo qarTul enas SevunarCunoT saTanado kavSiri<br />
cocxali xalxuri metKvelebis uSret wKarosTan~.<br />
n i n o d o l i Z e<br />
ayarul da gurul dialeqtTa leqsikis<br />
urTierTmimarTebisaTvis<br />
(al. Glontis `qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sitKvis<br />
konaSi~ warmodgenili masalebis mixedviT)<br />
Kvela qarTveluri enisTvis, Cveulebriv, leqsikis sami fenaa<br />
damaxasiaTebeli:<br />
1. Zireuli (saerToqarTveluri) leqsika;<br />
2. mxolod ama Tu im qarTveluri enisTvis specifikuri<br />
leqsemebi;<br />
3. nasexsebi leqsika:<br />
a) urTierTsesxeba qarTvelur enebs Soris;<br />
b) ucxoenovani sesxeba qarTvelur enebSi.<br />
igive iTqmis dialeqtTa leqsikuri fondis Sesaxebac.<br />
amJerad Cven ganvixilavT qarTuli enis mxolod or kilos:<br />
ayarulsa da guruls, sadac erTmaneTisagan ganirCeva mTisa<br />
(zemoayaruli, zemoguruli) da baris (qvemoayaruli, qvemoguruli)<br />
metKveleba. pirvel SemTxvevaSi iZebneba analogiuri vi-<br />
Tareba aGmosavleT saqarTvelos dialeqtebTan, xolo meore<br />
SemTxvevaSi _ dasavleT saqarTvelos dialeqtebTan.<br />
`ayarulis Taviseburebani Seapiroba Jer kolxuri, Semdeg<br />
mesxur-klarJuli da guruli dialeqtebis garemocvam, bolos<br />
ki _ TurqTa asimilatoruli politikis gatarebis Sedegad _<br />
Turqulis Zlierma zegavlenam. aqve SeimCneva zanuris substratis<br />
kvalic~ (v. Tofuria).<br />
prof. al. Glontis cnobil naSromSi `qarTul kilo-Tqma-<br />
Ta sitKvis kona~ cal-calkea ilustrirebuli mxolod ayaruli<br />
an mxolod guruli leqsemebi, saerTo masala Setanilia<br />
aGniSvniT ayar.-gur<br />
gur. an gur.-ayar<br />
ayar. garda amisa, sakmao raodenobiTaa<br />
sxva dialeqtebTan saerTo monacemebi.<br />
gvrCeba STabeydileba, rom qvemoayarulisa da qvemogurulis<br />
SemTxvevaSi (anu im metKvelebisa, romlis warmomadgenelic<br />
34<br />
35
gaxldaT Tavad cnobili leqsikologi) Kvelaferi rigze ar<br />
aris leqsikonSi. magaliTad, mxolod ayaruli dialeqtis kuTvnilebadaa<br />
miCneuli iseTi leqsemebi, romlebic imave formiTa<br />
da semantikiT gvxvdeba qvemogurulSi da zogJer zemogurul-<br />
Sic (iSviaTad sxvaganac).<br />
aforva<br />
_ obis mokideba, daobeba<br />
afungva _ aSla, areva, awewva<br />
bazi<br />
_ Sxamiani didi mweri<br />
blaCu<br />
Cuni<br />
_ blacuni<br />
bloqi<br />
qini<br />
_ gaJavrebiT, xmamaGla da usiamovno xmiT<br />
laparaki<br />
gadawiw<br />
wiwva<br />
_ gadaweva, gadaGunva<br />
gamobur<br />
burkva<br />
_ xilisTvis kurkis gacla<br />
gapiw<br />
piwki<br />
kine<br />
neba<br />
_ kargad Sewva, gamocxoba, dabrawva<br />
gapki<br />
pkiale<br />
leba<br />
_ gaprialeba, gawmenda, gasufTaveba<br />
garaw<br />
rawku<br />
kune<br />
neba<br />
_ gawkaruneba<br />
dabi<br />
bina<br />
nave<br />
veba<br />
_ qalis gaTxoveba, axal oJaxSi moxvedra...<br />
da sxva mravali.<br />
formalurad erTi da igive leqsema ayarulsa da gurulSi<br />
sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiTac SeiZleba ixmarebodes, magram zogJer<br />
arc amis Sesaxebaa miTiTebuli `qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sitKvis konaSi~<br />
(ba<br />
bala<br />
laga<br />
gani<br />
ayarulad `saTivea~, xolo gurulad _ `yaobi~).<br />
zemoaGniSnuli viTareba, vfiqrobT, gamowveuli unda iKos<br />
imiT, rom ayaruli leqsikonebi gacilebiT metia da mravalmxrivi,<br />
xolo guruli, samwuxarod, sul oriodea (s. jGentisa<br />
da g. SaraSiZisa) da isic fragmentuli xasiaTisa.<br />
l a l i e z u g b a i a<br />
Tavisebur zmnaTa kompiuteruli<br />
aGwerisaTvis<br />
qarTuli zmnis kompiuteruli damuSavebisas aGmoCnda, rom<br />
Tavisebur zmnaTa raodenoba gacilebiT metia, vidre es aGnusxulia<br />
specialur literaturaSi. sicxadisaTvis SevexebiT<br />
uGlebis paradigmebis agebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs erTi<br />
Taviseburi zmnis magaliTze.<br />
h-gav<br />
gav-s, mi-a-gav<br />
gav-s, mi-u-gav<br />
gav-s formebSi gamoiKofa gav- fu-<br />
Ze. formebi statikuria. h-gav<br />
gav-s, mi-a-gav<br />
gav-s neitraluri versiis<br />
orpiriani zmnebia, xolo mi-u-gav<br />
gav-s _ sasxviso versiis orpiriani,<br />
magram samvalentiani zmna. magaliTad, `bavSvs<br />
awiTlebuli<br />
cxviri boloks<br />
miugavs~ _ winadadebaSi ori saxeli dgas<br />
micemiT brunvaSi, magram boloks<br />
pirmiumarTavia, anu ubralo<br />
damatebaa.<br />
cxadia, samsave formas sakuTari paradigma aqvs awmKoSi,<br />
uwKvetelsa da awmKos kavSirebiTSi, xolo danarCen mwkrivebSi<br />
sxva fuZeebi gamoiKeneba: msgavs-, mgvan-, romelTa warmomavloba<br />
h-gav-s formis kauzatiur formebTan unda iKos dakavSirebuli<br />
(T. uTurgaiZe).<br />
kompiuteruli modelirebis dros paradigmis farglebSi<br />
sacnauria erTi fuZe, romelic fuZeTa bazebSia ganTavsebuli.<br />
rogorc ki Tavs iCens gansxvavebuli fuZe, masTan dakavSirebuli<br />
formebi damoukidebel paradigmad aGiqmeba. es niSnavs, rom<br />
mravlobiTSi dafiqsirebuli formebic h-gvan<br />
gvan-an<br />
an, mi-a-gvan<br />
gvan-an<br />
an,<br />
mi-u-gvan<br />
gvan-an<br />
ver gaerTiandeba gav- fuZis paradigmaSi, radgan<br />
S P 3 -Si mas enacvleba gvan- fuZe, romelSic -an<br />
elements sxvadasxva<br />
kvalifikacia eniyeba: a. SaniZe Temis niSnad miiCnevda,<br />
l. kiknaZe _ mediumTa maaqtivebel elementad, xolo T. uTurgaiZis<br />
azriT, -an iseTive makauzebeli elementia, rogoricaa:<br />
-ol, -un, -en da Kvela sufiqsi, v. Tofurias mier gamoKofil<br />
fuZedrekad zmnebSi.<br />
36<br />
37
gav- fuZesTan dakavSirebiT sxva problemac iCens Tavs. rogorc<br />
iTqva, h-gav<br />
gav-s da mi-a-ga<br />
gav-s neitraluri versiis umaqcevro<br />
da maqcevriani formebia, anu orive manqanurad ase Caiwereba<br />
3-1-1, sadac 3 gvaris simboloa, pirveli 1 _ qcevis simbolo,<br />
meore 1 _ mwkrivisa. magram Koveli konkretuli cifri<br />
gulisxmobs mxolod erT formas, erT morfemas. paraleluri<br />
formis cneba kompiuterisTvis ucxoa. Sesabamisad h-gav<br />
gav-s da<br />
mi-a-gav<br />
gav-s zmnaTa paradigmebis asagebad sayiro xdeba gav- fuZis<br />
orJer Setana fuZeTa bazaSi, ra Tqma unda, sxvadasxva numeraciiT.<br />
es ukanaskneli gansazGvravs, Tu romel paradigmatul<br />
maxasiaTeblebTan unda moxdes fuZis bma. rac Seexeba mi-u-gav<br />
gav-s<br />
formas, is Caiwereba ase: 3-3-1, sadac meore samiani sasxviso<br />
qcevis simboloa. amJerad, sasxviso qcevis paradigma miebmeba<br />
orJer Setanili gav- fuZidan erT-erTs, kerZod, maqcevriani<br />
mi-a-gav<br />
gav-s zmnis paradigmas. pirobiTad, gavɑ- fuZe mogvcems<br />
h-gav<br />
gav-s zmnis paradigmas, xolo gavɑɑ- fuZe _ mi-a-gav<br />
gav-s ~ mi-u-<br />
gav-s formaTa paradigmebs.<br />
paradigmatuli sxvaoba amiT ar amoiwureba. mi-u-gav<br />
gav-s<br />
zmnis paradigma pirnaklia, anu dasaSvebia S 3 O 1 , S 3 O 2 , S 3 O 3 kombinaciebi,<br />
magram ara gvaqvs S 1 O 2 , S 1 O 3 , S 2 O 1, S 2 O 3 kombinaciebi, rogoricaa<br />
*mi<br />
mi-m-i-gav<br />
gav-xar<br />
xar, *mi<br />
mi-u-gav<br />
gav-xar<br />
xar, *mi<br />
mi-v-u-gav<br />
gav-{v}ar<br />
ar... rac<br />
Seexeba mi-a-gav<br />
gav-s zmnas, qarTuli enis orTografiul leqsikonSi<br />
Setanilia misi formebi Kvela kombinaciaSi, Tumca mxolod<br />
wa- zmniswiniT: wa-a-gav<br />
gav-xar<br />
xar, wa-v-a-ga<br />
gavar<br />
var, wa-m-a-ga<br />
gavxar<br />
da<br />
a. S. mi- zmniswinianTan mxolod mesame piris formebia miTiTebuli.<br />
vfiqrobT, aqac unda davuSvaT msgavsi formebi.<br />
saKuradGeboa zmniswinTa ganawilebis sakiTxic. erTi mxriv,<br />
dasaSvebia: mo-h-gav<br />
gav-s, mo-h-gav<br />
gav-d-a, mo-h-gav<br />
av-d-es<br />
formebi, magram<br />
mo- zmniswins TiTqos ver hguobs sxva kombinaciebi: *mo<br />
mo-v-<br />
gavar<br />
var, *mo<br />
mo-h-gav<br />
gav-xar<br />
xar... aseve dasaSvebia: mi-a-gav<br />
gav-s, mi-a-gav<br />
gav-d-a,<br />
mi-a-gav<br />
gav-d-e-s, magram ara Cans: mi-v-a-ga<br />
gavar<br />
var, mi-a-gav<br />
gav-xar<br />
formebi,<br />
Tumca Cven maT vuSvebT. TavisTavad korelacia mi-a-gav<br />
gav-s ~<br />
mo-h-gav<br />
gav-s, aseve mi-u-gav<br />
gav-s ~ mo-h-gav<br />
gav-s xazs usvams maqcevrisa<br />
da piris niSnis monacvleobis kavSirs orientaciis kategorias-<br />
38<br />
Tan da ara gezis kategoriasTan, rasac adasturebs wa- zmniswiniani<br />
formebi, sadac wa- zmniswins odna<br />
naobi<br />
biTo<br />
Tobis<br />
semantika<br />
Semoaqvs da aranairi kavSiri ara aqvs gezTan.<br />
amdenad, marto am erTi zmnis analizisas Cndeba mTeli rigi<br />
formobrivi da semantikuri maxasiaTeblebisa, romelTa gauTvaliswineblad<br />
SeuZlebelia zmnis srulKofili manqanuri<br />
aGwera. rac ufro Taviseburia zmna, teqnikurad miT ufro<br />
rTulia zmnuri paradigmebis ageba, amitomac zmnur fuZeTa bazebi<br />
amave dros paradigmatul tipTa bazebs warmoadgens, romelTa<br />
raodenoba Cvens SemTxvevaSi aTass aGemateba.<br />
g u b a z v a n i l i S i<br />
100 wlis lazi Semoqme<br />
qmedi<br />
mimdinare wels 100 weli Seusruldeboda mwerals, sazogado<br />
moGvawes, publicistsa da mTargmnels muxamed vaniliSs<br />
(1908-1997). igi daibada sof. sarfSi, sadac Turquli dawKebi-<br />
Ti skolis (maSin sarfSi da ayaris sxva zogierT sofelSi<br />
swavla Turqul enaze mimdinareobda) damTavrebis Semdeg swavla<br />
ganagrZo q. xofis saSualo skolaSi, romelic daasrula<br />
1927 wels. 1928-1932 wlebSi swavlobda baTumis muSfakSi.<br />
30-ian wlebSi m. vaniliSma gamoaqveKna lazuri folkloris<br />
nimuSebi, statiebi lazebis Kofa-cxovrebaze, werilebi sarfeli,<br />
oCamCireli da gudauTeli lazebis saqmianobis Sesaxeb.<br />
1936 wlidan muxamed vaniliSi muSaobda ayaris avtonomiuri<br />
respublikis ganaTlebis saxalxo komisris moadgiled,<br />
xolo Semdeg _ xelovnebis saqmeTa sammarTvelos ufrosad da<br />
samxedro saSefo komisiis TavmJdomared, religiis saqmeTa sabyos<br />
rwmunebulad, ayaris advokatTa kolegiis prezidiumis<br />
TavmJdomared, mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis direqtorad, ayaris<br />
kulturis saministros saleqcio biuros direqtorad, baTumis<br />
39
pedagogiuri institutis biblioTekis gamged.<br />
muxamed vaniliSi iKo Tavisi qveKnis patrioti. mkacri<br />
rejimis periodSi, roca sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo, sabyoTa kav-<br />
SirSi xdeboda xalxebis masiuri gasaxlebebi, gadawKda<br />
sazGvrispira sofel sarfidanac gaesaxlebinaT lazebi, muxamed<br />
vaniliSi maSinve Cavida moskovSi da Koveli Gone ixmara, raTa<br />
es sakiTxi moxsniliKo dGis wesrigidan.<br />
60-ze meti wlis ganmavlobaSi muxamed vaniliSi eweoda<br />
aqtiur sazogadoebriv-politikur da saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas.<br />
iKo maGalkvalificiuri leqtori, mkvlevari, ganaTlebis,<br />
kulturis, xelovnebis, saqarTvelos istoriis dargSi. is<br />
kargad flobda Turqul, arabul da rusul enebs, eweoda<br />
mTargmnelobiT muSaobas. lazur enaze werda leqsebsa da piesebs,<br />
romlebic maSin didi mowonebiT sargeblobdnen laz mosaxleobaSi.<br />
niyier Semoqmeds gamoqveKnebuli aqvs piesebi `cud<br />
sizmrebs xedaven~ da `muradis loToba~, moTxroba `zeqie~ da<br />
sxva.<br />
Targmanebs Soris gansakuTrebul KuradGebas imsaxurebs<br />
mcire formis Turquli Segonebebi `mamaTa darigebani~. isini<br />
gamoirCeva aforistuli sicxadiTa da azris siGrmiT. magali-<br />
Tad: `siGaribe sircxvili ar aris, sizarmacea sircxvili~,<br />
`GamiT Gvino, dGisiT nardi _ gelodeba dardi~, `saqmis gayianureba<br />
ucodinarobis Sedegia~, `saymeli ixarSeba wKliT,<br />
sitKva _ mofiqrebiT~.<br />
muxamed vaniliSma mravalwliani samecniero Semoqmedebi-<br />
Ti muSaobis Sedegad moiZia da daamuSava masalebi da ali TandilavasTan<br />
erTad moamzada istoriul-eTnografiuli narkvevi<br />
`lazeTi~, romelic daibeyda 1964 wels. naSromis redaqtoria<br />
prof. sergi makalaTia (recenzentebi prof. daviT xaxutaiSvili<br />
da prof. rusudan xaraZe). `wigni miznad isaxavs, mkiTxvels<br />
gaacnos lazeTis istoria da eTnografia. amdenad, narkvevi<br />
warmoadgens pirvel cdas da igi qarTul saistorio mwerlobaSi<br />
udavod win gadadgmuli nabiJia. misasalmebelia is faqtic,<br />
rom avtorebi lazebi arian~ (s. makalaTia).<br />
40<br />
narkvevis istoriul mimoxilvaSi xazgasmulia lazebis saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
niyi da politikuri gamyriaxoba warsulSi,<br />
agreTve maTi guladoba da samSoblosaTvis Tavdadeba.<br />
eTnografiul nawilSi ganxilulia ekonomikuri mdgomareoba<br />
(miwaTmoqmedeba, mebaGeoba, lazuri sakvebi, meTevzeoba,<br />
xelosnoba), sazogadoebrivi Kofa (saoJaxo urTierToba, lazuri<br />
saxli, Cacmuloba), xalxuri wes-Cveulebani (mSobiaroba, akvnis<br />
qorwili, bavSvis aGzrda, garToba-TamaSobani, qalis daniSvna,<br />
qorwili, qalis mdgomareoba, samgloviaro rituali),<br />
rwmena-warmodgenebi (axali wlis Sexvedra, nadiroba, kabis<br />
`gamokoyva~), xalxuri sitKviereba (Sairebi, naduri simGerebi,<br />
satrfialo leqsebi, Tqmulebebi, gamocanebi).<br />
eTnografiul nawilSi saKuradGeboa lazur-megruli<br />
adaT-Cvevebis msgavseba, miuxedavad mosaxleobis saukuneobrivi<br />
gaTiSvisa.<br />
avtorTa gancxadebiT, `lazeTis istoriuli warsuli<br />
myidrod aris dakavSirebuli Zveli kolxeTis istoriasTan.<br />
Zveli kolxeTis samefoSi, ZiriTadad, mosaxleobda qarTveluri<br />
modgmis ori monaTesave tomi _ laz-yanebi da manral-megrelebi<br />
(egriselebi), romlebic metKvelebdnen zanurad wodebul<br />
erT enaze~.<br />
wignSi motanilia inglisis elCis J. palgrevis cnoba imis<br />
Sesaxeb, rom trapizonis mosaxleobis raodenoba, oficialuri<br />
dokumentebiT, 850 aTass aGwevda, maT Soris 56 aTasi qristiani<br />
iKo. muslimanuri mosaxleobis umravlesobas lazebi Seadgendnen.<br />
`es mSvenieri rasaa, isini arian kargi miwaTmoqmedni<br />
da gamocdili mezGvaurebi~.<br />
saintereso cnobebs gvawvdis Turqi mogzauri osman bei,<br />
romelmac 1864 wels imogzaura lazeTSi. misi gadmocemiT,<br />
trapizoni lazebis mTavari qalaqia, geografiuli TvalsazrisiT<br />
igi lazeTis sataxto qalaqs warmoadgens, romelSic mosaxleoba<br />
Sereulia _ umravlesobas Seadgenen lazebi, cxovroben<br />
berZnebic.<br />
lazebi SromismoKvareni arian. vayrobasa da zGvaosnoba-<br />
41
Si isini did metoqeobas uweven sxva tomebs. maTi xomaldebi<br />
Kvela mimarTulebiT dacuraven. isini kargi gemTmSeneblebi<br />
arian, daxelovnebulni arian, agreTve, spilenZisa da TiTbris<br />
yurylis keTebaSi... dasasruls osman-bei aGwers lazebis Cacmulobas,<br />
rac, misi azriT, ar gansxvavdeba ayarul-gurulisagan.<br />
giorgi Kazbegi, romelmac lazeTSi imogzaura, wers:<br />
`zGvispira lazebis silamaze adamians TvalSi ecema. isini gonebrivi<br />
ganaTlebiTa da garegnuli sifaqiziT gamoirCevian...<br />
aqauri qalebi lamazni, tanadni arian da, Cveulebriv, cisferi<br />
Tvalebi da TeTri pirsaxe aqvT. amasTanave, lazi qalebi araCveulebrivi<br />
energiiT, guladobiTa da mtkice xasiaTiT gamoir-<br />
Cevian~.<br />
`lazeTis~ avtorebi warCinebuli sagvareuloebis Sesaxebac<br />
weren. magaliTad, makrialsa da limanSi zumbaiebi da maneliSvilebi<br />
Kofilan begebi, muradoGli, anu muradiSvili _<br />
buJaGSi, orTaxofasa da sunduraSi. begebi Kofilan agreTve<br />
SalikaSvilebi da jordaniebi.<br />
`lazeTis~ Turqul enaze Targmna da misi `lazebis istoriis~<br />
saxelwodebiT TurqeTSi gamocema 1992 wels did movlenad<br />
unda CaiTvalos. am faqtma didi gamoxmaureba hpova sazogadoebaSi.<br />
mas mravali statia da kritikuli werili uZGvnes<br />
Turqulma jurnal-gazeTebma. bevri dadebiTad gamoexmaura am<br />
movlenas, zogierTi statiis avtori ki... mTavari is aris, rom<br />
muxamed vaniliSisa da ali Tandilavas wignis Turqul enaze<br />
gamocemis Semdeg Turqma mkiTxvelma gaigo, rom lazi XI saukuneSi<br />
Sua aziidan Turq-selJukebTan erTad mosuli Turquli<br />
modgmis erT-erTi tomi ki ara, Savi zGvis aGmosavleT sanapiroze<br />
mcxovrebi sakuTari istoriis mqone qarTveluri tomi<br />
Kofila mdidari da Sinaarsiani warsuliT, ris Sesaxebac Jer<br />
kidev Cvens welTaGricxvamde werdnen berZeni da sxva ucxoeli<br />
mkvlevar-mogzaurebi.<br />
T a m a r v a S a k i Z e<br />
koor<br />
ordi<br />
dina<br />
naci<br />
ciis is siste<br />
temi<br />
misa<br />
saTvis<br />
Tana<br />
named<br />
medro<br />
rove<br />
qarTul<br />
TulSi<br />
1. martivi winadadebis sintaqsuri meqanizmis axsna koordinaciis<br />
safuZvelze (Zveli qarTulis mixedviT) warmogvidgina<br />
arn. Ciqobavam. Semdeg am sakiTxs sxva mkvlevrebic Seexnen.<br />
2. Tanamedrove qarTulSi (iseve, rogorc ZvelSi) martivi<br />
winadadebis sami tipi gvaqvs: absolutur-gardauvalzmniani,<br />
relatiur-gardauvalzmniani da relatiur-gardamavalzmniani.<br />
sintaqsuri meqanizmis TvalsazrisiT aGsaniSnavia Semdegi: a)<br />
relatiur-gardamavalzmniani winadadebis zmna da saxelebi er-<br />
TmaneTs ukavSirdeba koordinaciis safuZvelze. zmnuri koor<br />
or-<br />
dina<br />
nati<br />
(ZiriTadi koordinati) marTavs saxe<br />
xelur koor<br />
ordi<br />
dina<br />
na-<br />
tebs _ morfologiur subieqtsa da morfologiur obieqtebs _<br />
brunvaSi. es ukanasknelni marTaven zmnur koor<br />
ordi<br />
dinats<br />
piris<br />
mixedviT da iTanxmeben mas ricxvSi (zogi gamonaklisis garda);<br />
b) relatiur-gardauvalzmniani winadadebis saxe<br />
xelu<br />
luri koor<br />
or-<br />
dina<br />
nate<br />
tebi<br />
(morfologiuri subieqti da morfologiuri obieqti)<br />
aseve marTaven zmnas piris mixedviT da iTanxmeben mas ricxvSi<br />
(gamonaklisi aqac gvaqvs). saxelur koordinatTagan morfologiuri<br />
subieqti saxelobiTi brunvis formiT warmogvidgeba,<br />
xolo morfologiuri obieqti _ micemiTi brgunvis formiT<br />
dro-kiloTa samsave JgufSi; g) absolutur-gardauvalzmnian<br />
winadadebaSi morfologiuri subieqti marTavs zmnas pirSi<br />
da iTanxmebs mas ricxvis mixedviT, Tavad ki umarTavia.<br />
3. Tanamedrove qarTulSi morfologiuri subieqtisa da<br />
morfologiuri obieqtebis piri Tu ricxvi xan niSnebiTaa<br />
warmodgenili zmnaSi (m-xatav-s is me, m-xatav-en<br />
isini me, gv-xatav-s<br />
is Cven, gv-xatav-en<br />
isini Cven...), xan _ nuliT (g-xatav-∅-<br />
T is Tqven, g-xatav-en-∅ isini Tqven, an kidev: ∅-∅-∅-uxatav Sen<br />
mas mas...). bunebrivia, niSnian da uniSno (nulovan) formebs<br />
sintaqsurad erTi da igive Zala aqvT.<br />
42<br />
43
4. Tanamedrove qarTulSi relatiurzmniani martivi (gauvrcobeli)<br />
winadadebis wevrebi iqneba: zmnuri koordinati,<br />
morfologiuri subieqtis Sesabamisi saxeluri koordinati da<br />
brunvacvalebadi Tu brunvaucvleli morfologiuri obieqtebis<br />
Sesabamisi saxeluri koordinatebi. dama<br />
mate<br />
teba<br />
gveqneba mxolod<br />
erT SemTxvevaSi _ dro-kiloTa mesame seriis nakvTebTan,<br />
roca samsaxeliani zmnis brunvaucvleli morfologiuri obieqtis<br />
Sesabamisi saxeluri koordinati Tandebulian formad moiqceva<br />
(miuweria mamas Svilis<br />
lisTvis<br />
werili). terminologiuri<br />
TvalsazrisiT aGsaniSnavia, rom mas (Svi<br />
Svilis<br />
lisTvis<br />
Tvis) SeiZleba ub-<br />
ralo<br />
aGarc ewodos (aramed _ dama<br />
mate<br />
teba<br />
ba), radgan pirdapiri<br />
da iribi damatebebis adgils brunvacvalebadi da brunvaucvleli<br />
morfologiuri obieqtebis Sesabamisi saxeluri koordinatebi<br />
ikaveben.<br />
5. moxsenebaSi ganxiluli iqneba saxeluri koordinatebi<br />
sidide-simciris mixedviT (pirTa kombinaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT).<br />
6. Tanamedrove qarTulSi relatiurzmniani martivi (gauvrcobeli)<br />
winadadeba warmoadgens zmnur da saxelur koordinatTa<br />
SesitKvebas.<br />
r u s u d a n i o s e l i a n i<br />
ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÅÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ<br />
1. ÓÀÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÏ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÀÛÉ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉÀ, ÒÏÌ ÄÍÀÛÉ<br />
ÈÄÏÒÉÖËÀà ÃÀÓÀÛÅÄÁÉÀ ÌÄÏÒÀÃÉ ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÅÄÁÉÓ ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÄÏ-<br />
ÒÄÁÀ (ÌÀÂ: ÀßÄÒÉÍÄÁÓ → ÀßÄÒÉÍÄÁÉÍÄÁÓ). ÀÍÔÏÍÉ ÐÉÒÅÄËÉÓ `ØÀÒÈÖËÉ<br />
ÙÒÀÌÀÔÉÊÉÓÀ" ÃÀ ÈÀÍÀÌÄÃÒÏÅÄ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÉÓ ÌÏÍÀÝÄÌÈÀ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ<br />
ÀÓÄÈ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÓ ÀÃÀÓÔÖÒÄÁÄÍ ÓÀÛÖÀË ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ ÃÀ ÈÀÍÀÌÄÃÒÏÅÄ<br />
ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉ (È. ÖÈÖÒÂÀÉÞÄ). ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÄÍÀÛÉ ÜÅÄÖËÄÁÒÉÅÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÀÀ<br />
ÏÒÌÀÂÉ ÊÀÖÆÀÝÉÀ, ÌÄÔÉÝ, ÛÄÉÍÉÛÍÄÁÀ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉ, ÓÀÃÀÝ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ<br />
ÓÀÌÌÀÂÉ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉÈ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÖËÉ ÊÀÖÆÀÝÉÀ:<br />
(ÁÆ.) á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä;<br />
44<br />
á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÌÆÀÃ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ÁØ.) á-ÀÌÀÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌÀÒ-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌÀÒ-ÖÍ-ð-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÌÆÀÃ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ËÛá.) á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-êËæÍ-ÖÍ-Ä;<br />
á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ê-æÍ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÌÆÀÃ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-<br />
ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ËÍÔ.) á-ÀÌÀÒ-æÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌÀÒ-ðË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌÀÒ-ÖÍ-ðË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌÀÒ-<br />
ÖÍ-ðË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀÌÆÀÃ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ÜË.) á-ÀÌêÒ-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-êË-Í-éÍ-<br />
Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-ê-æÍ-éÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-êË-Í-éÍ-êË-Í-Ä (“ÀÌÆÀÃ-<br />
ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ÁÆ.) á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÓÚ-ð-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-<br />
Ä|á-ÀÓÚ-ð-æÍ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÊÄÈ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ÁØ.) á-ðÓÚ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÓÚ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ðÓÚ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÓÚ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä<br />
(“ÀÊÄÈ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ËÛá.) á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀÊÄÈ-<br />
ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ËÍÔ.) á-ðÓÚ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÓÚ-Ä-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÓÚ-Äæ-ðË-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÓÚ-Äæ-ðËæÍ-ÖÍ-Ä;<br />
á-ðÓÚ-Äæ-ðË-Í-ÖÍ-ðË-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÊÄÈ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ÜË.) á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÓÚ-ð-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-<br />
ÖÍ-êË-Í-Ä|á-ÀÓÚ-êË-Í-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä|á-ÀÓÚ-êË-Í-éÍ-êË-Í-Ä|á-<br />
ÀÓÚ-ð-æÍ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä (“ÀÊÄÈ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ÁÆ.) á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä;<br />
á-ÀÛÚæÃÎê/ëË-Í-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÒÄÝá-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ÁØ.) á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÃÄË-<br />
ÀË-Í-ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀÒÄÝá-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ËÛá.) á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÃ-ÎÄË-êË-Í-ÖÍ-Ä<br />
(“ÀÒÄÝá-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ËÍÔ.) á-ðÛÚæÄÃ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÃ-ÎÄË-ÀË-Í-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÃ-ÎÄË-ðËæÍ-ÖÍ-ðË-Í-Ä<br />
(“ÀÒÄÝá-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ÜË.) á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛÚÃ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä|á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-<br />
Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÃ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛÚæÃÎëË-êË-Í-éÍ-êË-Í-Ä (“ÀÒÄÝá-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ÁÆ.) á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÊÒ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-<br />
Ä (“ÀÙÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó ÊÀÒÓ, ×ÀÍãÀÒÀÓ”).<br />
(ÁØ.) á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀÙÄÁ-ÉÍ-<br />
ÄÁ-Ó ÊÀÒÓ, ×ÀÍãÀÒÀÓ”).<br />
(ËÛá.) á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä<br />
(“ÀÙÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó ÊÀÒÓ, ×ÀÍãÀÒÀÓ”).<br />
(ËÍÔ.) á-ÀÊÀÒ-Í-Ä|á-ÀÊÀÒ-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÀÒ-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÀÒ-æÍ-ÖÍ-ðËæÍ-Ä;<br />
(“ÀÙÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó ÊÀÒÓ, ×ÀÍãÀÒÀÓ”).<br />
(ÜË.) á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÊÒ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä<br />
45
(“ÀÙÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó ÊÀÒÓ, ×ÀÍãÀÒÀÓ”).<br />
(ÁÆ.) á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä<br />
(“ÀáÓÄÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ÁØ.) á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä (“ÀáÓÄÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ËÛá.) á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä<br />
(“ÀáÓÄÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ËÍÔ.) á-ÀÛÚæÄÍÃ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÄÃ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÄÃ-ÎÄË-ðË-Í-ÖÍ-Ä;<br />
á-ÀÛÚæÄÃ-ÎÄË-ðË-Í-ÖÍ-ðË-Í-Ä (“ÀáÓÄÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ÜË.) á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä|á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍêË-Í-éÍ-Ä<br />
(“ÀáÓÄÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ÁÆ.) á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÎÒ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-<br />
ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä (“ÀßÄÒ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ÁØ.) á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä|á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-<br />
ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀßÄÒ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ËÛá.) á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÎÒ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍêË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä<br />
(“ÀßÄÒ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ËÍÔ.) á-ðÎÒ-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÀË-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÀË-ÖÍ-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ðË-<br />
ÖÍ-ðË-ÖÍ-æÍ-Ä (“ÀßÄÒ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ÜË.) á-ðÎÒ-Í-Ä|á-ðÎÒ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-Í-éÍ-Ä|á-ðÎÒ-ÄÍ-êË-Í-Ä|áðÎÒ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä;<br />
á-ðÎÒ-êË-Í-éÍ-êË-Í-Ä (“ÀßÄÒ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ÁÆ.) á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÛá-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä|á-ðÛá-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-<br />
ðÛá-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÛá-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä (“ÀßÅ-ÄÅ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ÁØ.) á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-Í-Ä|á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä<br />
(“ÀßÅ-ÄÅ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ËÛá.) á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛá-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛá-êË-æÍ-<br />
ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀßÅ-ÄÅ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ËÍÔ.) á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÛá-ÉÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-ðË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-ðË-æÍðË-æÍ-Ä<br />
(“ÀßÅ-ÄÅ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
(ÜË.) á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛá-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-Í-Ä|á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-êË-Í-Ä|á-ÀÛáêË-Í-éÍ-Ä;<br />
á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛá-êË-Í-éÍ-êË-Í-Ä (“ÀßÅ-ÄÅ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />
ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÅÓ ÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÓ -ÖÍ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉ. ÈÖ ÆÌÍÉÓ ×ÖÞÄ<br />
ÄÒÈÌÀÒÝÅËÉÀÍÆÄ ÌÄÔÉÀ ÃÀ ÛÄÊÖÌÛÖËÉÀ, ÌÀÛÉÍ -ÖÍ-Ä’Ó ÒÄÃÖØÝÉÀ<br />
ÌÏÓÃÉÓ ÃÀ ÉØÝÄÅÀ -æÍ-Ä’Ã (Å. ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀ).<br />
ÏÒÌÀÂÉ ÃÀ ÓÀÌÌÀÂÉ ÊÀÖÆÀÝÉÉÓ ÌÉÆÄÆÉ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÉÚÏÓ<br />
ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÖÒÉ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÄÁÉÓ ×ÖÍØÝÉÉÓ ÃÀÊÀÒÂÅÀ.<br />
g u C a k v a r a c x e l i a<br />
axal al disciplinaTa saerTo Teoriuli<br />
safuZveli da urTierTmimarTeba<br />
meoce saukunis meore naxevarSi zedized warmoiSva enaTmecnierebis<br />
axali mimarTulebebi, romlebmac enis sistemisadmi<br />
imanenturi midgomis arasakmarisoba gamoavlina. isini Kalibdeboda<br />
struqturuli enaTmecnierebis erTgvari daZleviTa da<br />
axlo warsulSi farTod gavrcelebuli lingvistikuri koncefciebis<br />
kritikiT: a) araadekvaturia enobriv erTeulTa analizis<br />
Semofargvla enis mxolod modelebisa da struqturebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT; b) calmxrivoba axasiaTebs Teoriebs, romlebic<br />
ar iTvaliswineben imas, rom enobrivi urTierToba ormxrivi<br />
procesia, sadac monawileoben rogorc molaparake (metKvelebis<br />
warmomqmneli), ise msmeneli (metKvelebis aGmqmeli);<br />
g) komunikacia mxolod mza enobrivi formebis realizacia ar<br />
aris, aramed am formaTa warmomqmnelicaa. idea momdinareobs<br />
v. humboldtisagan, romelic enas ganixilavda rogorc `ukve<br />
Seqmnilis, ukve nawarmoebis~ (`ergonis~) da Seqmnis `procesSi<br />
mKofis~, `Semoqmedi Zalis~ (`energeis~) dialeqtikur erTianobas.<br />
amasTanave, mTavari roli am ukanasknels (moqmedebas) eniyeboda.<br />
humboldtis Teoriis aqtualizeba enis axal gagebaSic<br />
aisaxa _ ena ganisazGvreba ara rogorc niSanTa statikuri sistema,<br />
aramed rogorc sistema realur moqmedebaSi, amasTanave,<br />
adamianTan, metKvel subieqtTan myidro kavSirSic.<br />
Tanamedrove komunikaciuri Teoriis Tanaxmad, enis Seswavla<br />
unda mimdinareobdes rogorc Sidaenobrivi, ise gareenobrivi<br />
faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, vinaidan isini arsebiTad<br />
ganapirobeben verbaluri urTierTobis struqturasa da Sinaarss.<br />
cxadia, gareenobrivi faqti enobrivi faqti ar aris, magram<br />
arc am ukanasknelis ganxilvaa SesaZlebeli pirvelis gaTvaliswinebis<br />
gareSe. Sesabamisad, enis analizi xdeba kompleqsuri,<br />
xolo analizis sagani _ ufro vrceli. mag., sitKvis mniS-<br />
46<br />
47
venlobis kvlevisas sakmarisi aGar aris sakuTriv enobrivi konteqsti,<br />
aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia pragmatikuli konteqstebi<br />
da situacia; sintaqsuri kvlevac scdeba winadadebis<br />
farglebs da inacvlebs metKvelebis aqtTa bmul Tanamimdevrobaze<br />
anu diskursze, romelic sxvadasxva aspeqtis (pragmatikuli,<br />
semantikuri, referentuli, emociur-Semfasebluri...) ga-<br />
Tvaliswinebis saSualebas iZleva.<br />
enis analizis sferoSi adamianis faqtoris SemoKvanam mniSvenlovnad<br />
gaafarTova lingvistikis horizonti da, amasTanave<br />
gamoiwvia enaTmecnierebis daaxloeba adamianis Semswavlel<br />
iseT disciplinebTan, rogoricaa: fsiqologia, sociologia,<br />
eTnologia, istoria, kulturologia, kognitologia, biologia,<br />
nevrologia. maT miJnasa da gadakveTaze warmoiSva interdisciplinaruli<br />
mecnierebebi, romlebic Tanamedrove humanitaruli<br />
codnis komunikaciur paradigmaSi ganixileba.<br />
axal disciplinaTa mecnierebaTaSorisi buneba da statusi<br />
gamoxatulebas poulobs TiToeuli maTganis cnebiT aparatsa<br />
da kompozitur saxelwodebaSi. maTi urTierTmimarTeba sxvadasxvagvaria:<br />
fsiqo<br />
qolin<br />
lingvis<br />
gvisti<br />
tiki<br />
kisa<br />
da soci<br />
ciolin<br />
lingvis<br />
gvisti<br />
tikis<br />
warmoSobas<br />
safuZvlad udevs metKvelebis Semdegi ontologiuri daxasia-<br />
Teba: metKvelebis aqtis mizani am aqtis gareT Zevs. sametKvelo<br />
qmedeba arasametKvelo qmedebas emsaxureba da amiT aris Sepirobebuli;<br />
fsiqo<br />
qolin<br />
lingvis<br />
gvisti<br />
tika<br />
kasa<br />
da neiro<br />
rolin<br />
lingvis<br />
gvisti<br />
tikas<br />
kvlevis erTi<br />
ubani aqvT saerTo _ fonologiur, gramatikul, leqsikur da<br />
semantikur moSlilobaTa gamovlena. aq fsiqolingvistika qmnis<br />
Teoriul safuZvels, xolo neirolingvistika specialurad<br />
aris orientirebuli sxvadasxva saxis afaziaTa diagnostikasa<br />
da mkurnalobaze;<br />
gansxvavebuli kuTxiTa da aqcentebiT swavloben socialuri<br />
da kulturuli faqtorebis zegavlenas enaze soci<br />
ciolin<br />
lin-<br />
gvisti<br />
tika<br />
da eTno<br />
nolin<br />
lingvis<br />
gvisti<br />
tika<br />
ka. es ukanaskneli enobrivi monacemebis<br />
meSveobiT Seiswavlis am enaze molaparake xalxis fsi-<br />
48<br />
qologias, miTologias, istoriasa da kulturas im postulatze<br />
daKrdnobiT, rom xalxebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian<br />
samKaros enobrivi suraTiT, msoflxedviT.<br />
eTno<br />
nolin<br />
lingvis<br />
gvisti<br />
tikis<br />
wiaGSi narmoiSva lingvo<br />
gvokul<br />
kultu<br />
turo<br />
rolo<br />
lo-<br />
gia, romelic erovnuli diskursis specifikur erTeulebs avlens<br />
da ikvlevs, swavlobs dedaenis rols adamianis SemecnebiT<br />
moGvaweobaSi. es sfero mas saerTo aqvs kogni<br />
niti<br />
tiur lin-<br />
gvisti<br />
tikas<br />
kasTan<br />
Tan, romelsac, Tavsi mxriv, kompi<br />
piute<br />
teru<br />
ruli lingvis<br />
gvis-<br />
tika<br />
ukavSirdeba: saerTo aspeqtia sxvadasxva codnis enobrivi<br />
kategorizacia da konceptualizacia.<br />
fsiqo<br />
qolin<br />
lingvis<br />
gvisti<br />
tikis<br />
kis, soci<br />
ciolin<br />
lingvis<br />
gvisti<br />
tikis<br />
kis, eTno<br />
nolin<br />
lingvis<br />
gvisti<br />
ti-<br />
kis, pragma<br />
malin<br />
lingvis<br />
gvisti<br />
tiki<br />
kisa<br />
da diskur<br />
kursis Teori<br />
riis<br />
is urTierTgadakveTis<br />
erT-erT sferos warmoadgens para<br />
ralin<br />
lingvis<br />
gvisti<br />
tika<br />
ka.<br />
CamoTvlili Tanamedrove disciplinebTan saerTo problemebi<br />
da kvleviTi interesebi aqvs pragma<br />
malin<br />
lingvis<br />
gvisti<br />
tika<br />
kasac<br />
sac, romelic<br />
CamoKalibebis procesSia.<br />
daskvnisaTvis SeiZleba iTqvas, rom axal interdisciplinarul<br />
mimarTulebebs aerTianebs anTropomorfizmze, dinamizmze,<br />
funqcionalizmsa da kognitivizmze damKarebuli Sexedulebebi<br />
da principebi. verc erT axal disciplinas ver eqvemdebareba<br />
tradiciuli lingvistika, romelic axlisa da tradiciulis<br />
dapirispirebaSi aramarkirebulad agrZelebs arsebobas, opoziciis<br />
gareT ki ganagrZobs sakuTari problemebisa da konkretuli<br />
sakiTxebis kvlevas im dargebis mixedviT, romlebic istoriul<br />
procesSi empiriulad CamoKalibda.<br />
49
o m a n l o l u a<br />
kavkasiis albanur warweraTa korpusis<br />
dazustebisaTvis<br />
1948-52 wlebSi azerbaiJanis teritoriaze, mingeCauris ga-<br />
Txrebis Sedegad, aGmoCnda ramdenime albanuri warwera da<br />
grafiti. maT erTobliobas dGes albanur warweraTa korpuss<br />
uwodeben; masSi Sedis: 1. Jvris postamentis warwera _ 70 grafema;<br />
2. grafiti Tixis Sandalze # 1-50 grafema; 3. grafiti<br />
Tixis Sandalze # 16/17 grafema; 4. grafiti Tixis Sandalze<br />
# 3-8 grafema; 5. grafiti Tixis Sandalze # 4-24 grafema, 6.<br />
grafiti kramitis natexze # 1-21 grafema; 7. grafiti kramitis<br />
natexze # 2-5/6 grafema. mTlianad korpusi Sedgeba 194-<br />
196 grafemisgan da masSi savaraudod albanuri anbanis 52 grafemidan<br />
dadasturebulia 31 grafema.<br />
am korpusSi tradiciulad Kvela mecniers Sehqonda e. w.<br />
derbentis warwera, rac gaugebaria.<br />
zemoxsenebuli warwera aGmoCenilia m. barxudarianis mier,<br />
romelmac gadmoxata igi (barxudariani; 1893).<br />
mis garda es warwera aravis unaxavs, Tu ar CavTvliT<br />
m. smbaTians, romelmac SesaZloa naxa igi, Tumca es saeyvoa, radgan<br />
misi cnoba da warweris naxati zustad imeorebs m. barxudarianis<br />
cnobas warweris aGmoCenis Sesaxeb (smbaTiani; 1896).<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom derbentSi Kofnisas s. muraviovma<br />
ver aGmoaCina es warwera, igi mainc axorcielebs cdas misi wakiTxvisa.<br />
vinaidan im mdgomareobaSi, ra mdgomareobaSic igi<br />
gvxvdeba m. barxudarianis da m. smbaTianis naSromebSi misi wakiTxva<br />
SeuZlebeli iKo, amitom s. muraviovma 180°-iT Seabruna<br />
warwera, aseve Seitana ramodenime Sesworeba, ris Sedegadac<br />
igi waikiTxa rogorc karTa zGude / karis zGude _ transkrifcia<br />
goz y´ule´mo {‚} (muraviovi 1981; 281-282).<br />
darwmunebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom warweris pirveli grafema<br />
ar warmoadgens g- aso-bgeras (miuxedavad imisa, rom es<br />
grafema palimfsestSi ar aris dadasturebuli). aseve eyvs iw-<br />
50<br />
vevs Kvela danarCeni grafemis identifikacia; warweris # 3<br />
grafema (muraviovis azriT -z) ufro hgavs albanuri anbanis<br />
# 23 (h); warweris # 6 (l) ~ anbanis # 34 (J?); warweris #<br />
8 (m) ~ anbanis # 9 (T). warweris sxva niSnebisTvis ki analogiebis<br />
povna albanur anbanSi yirs.<br />
unda iTqvas, rom saeyvoa saerTod derbentis warweris arsebobis<br />
faqti da Tu mainc davuSvebT mis arsebobas, Znelad<br />
savaraudoa igi warmoadgendes kavkasiis albanuri damwerlobis<br />
nimuSs.<br />
q e T e v a n m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i<br />
mirTva svanur<br />
nurSi<br />
mirTva srulmniSvnelovan sitKvaTa iseTi SekavSirebaa winadadebaSi,<br />
roca `wamKvani sitKva damokidebuls Sinaarsobliv<br />
ikavSirebs ise, rom amas raime gramatikuli gamoxatuleba ar axlavs~<br />
(l. kvayaZe).<br />
xSirad rTulia zGvris dadeba marTvasa da mirTvas Soris,<br />
gansakuTrebiT Tandebuliani formisa da moqmedebiTi<br />
brunvis SemTxvevaSi; `mokla TofiT~, `wavida fexiT~ tipis wKvilebSi,<br />
Tu davuSvebT, rom mxolod es brunvaa SesaZlebeli, ma-<br />
Sin marTvaa, magram, `radgan cnobilia, rom erTpiriani zmna mar-<br />
Tvis unaris gareSea, mocemul magaliTebSi mirTva daiSvebao~ _<br />
aGniSnavs v. Tofuria. Tandebuliani brunva idiomatur gamo-<br />
TqmaSic `xelSi aqvs~ SeiZleba Seicvalos formiT `xelT aqvs~...<br />
maSasadame, `qarTulSi mirTulia zmnizeda da Tandebuliani saxeli<br />
Kvela SemTxvevaSi, mimrTveli ki, uwinares Kovlisa, _ zmna<br />
(Semasmeneli) da nazmnari saxeli (iqneba is gansazGvreba Tu winadadebis<br />
sxva wevri)~ (v. Tofuria).<br />
principi analogiuria svanur enaSic, magram mirTvis areali<br />
aq ufro farTo Cans Tanamedrove qarTul saliteraturo<br />
51
enasTan SedarebiT, rac, ZiriTadad, mirTul sitKvaTa mravalferovnebas<br />
ukavSirdeba;<br />
1. svanur enaSi, sxva qarTvelur enaTa msgavsad, aris pirveladi<br />
(q’m<br />
`gareT~, b‰zi `amaGam~, ldi `dGes~...) da meoreuli,<br />
anu nawarmoebi zmnizedebi, sadac gaqvavebuli brunvisniSnianebis<br />
(ham<br />
ham-s `dilas~, l’T-S…<br />
`GamiT~, J…in‰l-d `Zvelad~) da<br />
TandebulianTa (eS<br />
eS-Te<br />
`iqiT~, eC-xn<br />
`iqidan~...) gverdiT gvxvdeba<br />
sakuTriv zmnizedaTa mawarmoebliani formebi: ji-xi<br />
`ufro<br />
zeviT~ (Sdr. jib `zeviT~).<br />
2. mdgomareobis an mimarTulebis maCvenebel martiv TandebulTa<br />
kombinaciiT miGebuli rTuli Tandebulebi -TŠsga<br />
/ -<br />
Tesga, -Te<br />
Teqa<br />
qa, -xnqa<br />
/ -xen<br />
xenqa<br />
qa, -xnji<br />
/ - xenji<br />
da sxv. erTdroulad<br />
asaxaven Jer moqmedebis mimarTulebas, Semdeg ki mdgomareobas,<br />
romelSic aGmoCndeba sagani moqmedebis damTavrebis Semdeg:<br />
qoris<br />
risga ri `saxlSi aris~ (SignimKofoba), Sdr. qors ri<br />
`saxlSi (Sin) aris~;<br />
qorTe esGri `saxlSi (saxlisken) midis~;<br />
qorTesga esGri `saxlSi (SigniT) Sedis~.<br />
ji, Cu, , {i}sga{<br />
sga/ska<br />
ska elementebi, romlebic `zmnasTan windebulia,<br />
saxelTan ki _ Tandebuli~ (v. Tofuria), sintagmaSi er-<br />
Tdrouli monawileobisas gavlenas axdenen SesitKvebis semantikaze;<br />
Sdr.<br />
lˆcTØad<br />
adski<br />
skine<br />
`wKalSi gadaxta~;<br />
lˆcTesgØ adski<br />
skine<br />
`wKalSi Caxta~;<br />
lˆcTeis<br />
isga sgaØdski<br />
dskine<br />
`wKalSi (ki) Caxta~.<br />
igive nawilaki Tu damoukidebladac CaerTo, maSin aseTi<br />
SesitKveba qarTulSi paronomaziis saxeliT cnobili gamoTqmis<br />
Sinaarss iZens:<br />
lˆcTesga sga sgÀads<br />
adskine<br />
ine, mare qØntixxq<br />
`wKalSi CaxtomiT<br />
ki Caxta, magram gamoiKvanes (gamoabrunes)~.<br />
erTi da igive Tandebuli zogJer gansxvavebul semantikas<br />
aniyebs mirTul sitKvebs da qarTuladac sxvadasxva Tandebuls<br />
Seisabamebs:<br />
eJi cxekTe iG…re…da babas<br />
bas `is tKisken itKuebda babuas~;<br />
52<br />
mal… daƒˆlTØaCd<br />
aCd `mela TxasTan wavida~;<br />
eJi lasˆnJ…Te lˆmr meƒde `is dasaTvaliereblad Kofila<br />
mosuli~.<br />
-Te<br />
Tandebuliani saxeli pirvel winadadebaSi adgilis garemoebaa,<br />
meoreSi _ ubralo damateba, mesameSi ki mKofadis<br />
mimGeobaze darTviT miznis garemoeba miviGeT.<br />
3. miuxedavad Tandebulebis siuxvisa da maTi farTo SesaZleblobisa,<br />
axali qarTuli saliteraturo enis Tandebulian<br />
formebs svanur enaSi xSirad uTandebulo da ormagbrunviani<br />
formebi Seesabameba, romelTa analogiebi Zvel qarTulSia:<br />
al yem eser Cj-iS<br />
iS-d xakuC<br />
`es Tiva cxenisTvis (cxen-is-ad)<br />
mindao~.<br />
4. Tandebulebis gamoKenebis farTo SesaZlebloba, meoreuli<br />
(nawarmoebi) zmnizedebis mravalferovneba da enis konservatiuloba,<br />
gamoxatuli Zveli viTarebis amsaxveli uTandebulo<br />
formebis SemonaxviT, ganapirobebs svanur enaSi semantikuri niuansebis<br />
moqnilad gamoxatvis did potencials da afarToebs<br />
mirTvis areals, radganac igi sintagmis wevrTa Soris swored<br />
Sinaarsobliv kavSirs gulisxmobs.<br />
v a x t a n g m a G r a Z e<br />
ramde<br />
deni<br />
nime<br />
kalkis<br />
kis Sesa<br />
saxeb<br />
sesxeba enis gamdidrebis erT-erT mniSvnelovani saSualebaa.<br />
magram `meore ukiduresobas warmoadgens ganukiTxavad<br />
Semotana ucxo sitKvebisa maSin, roca amis sayiroeba ar aris,<br />
Tu saTanado sitKva SeiZleba davZebnoT sakuTar leqsikur<br />
fondSi anda vawarmooT arsebul sitKvaTagan sesxeba gaumar-<br />
Tlebelia~ (arn. Ciqobava).<br />
amisda miuxedavad, xSiria sintagmuri Tu semantikuri<br />
kalkis gadmoGebisa da damkvidrebis cdebi.<br />
53
a. xasi<br />
siaTi<br />
Ti. am sitKvas qarTul enaSi sami mniSvneloba<br />
aqvs: 1. adamianis sulier TvisebaTa erToblioba, romlebic mis<br />
qcevebSi vlindeba, 2. sulieri ganwKoba, 3. risame Tviseba.<br />
Cvens SemTxvevaSi xasiaTi aris sulieri mdgomareoba, romelic<br />
mravalgvaria. arsebobs mtkice, Seupovari, kargi, axirebuli,<br />
yirveuli, ujmuri, mZime, autaneli...<br />
rusuli enis meSveobiT enaSi sintagmis _ mtkice º Seupovari<br />
xasiaTi _ erTi sitKviT gamoxatvis tendencia mkvidrdeba:<br />
`mas hqonda xasi<br />
siaTi<br />
da Girsebac~, `roca pirvelad institutSi<br />
ver... Cavabare, mere ukve xasi<br />
siaTi<br />
gamoviCine~, `mas<br />
hqonda fuli da xasi<br />
siaTi<br />
Ti~.<br />
amgvari SemTxvevebi semantikuri kalkis nimuSebia, Tumca<br />
araiSviaTad marTebul gamoKenebasac vxvdebiT.<br />
b. axalgaz<br />
gazrda<br />
rda. balaxi º Geroº nargavi º kartofili º<br />
xaxvi... isev evropuli (rusuli, inglisuri, franguli) enebis<br />
gavleniT mkvidrdeba.<br />
daxvewili qarTuliT unda KofiliKo norCi balaxi º<br />
Gero º nargavi º nergi º naTesi º kartofili º xaxvi º yarxali.<br />
g. qarTul enas saSualeba aqvs Koveli sazogado saxeli<br />
or ricxvSi awarmoos. Tumca isev ucxo enebis `wKalobiT~<br />
iKeneben erTi erTeulis gamosaxatavad mravlobiT ricxvs:<br />
`Semovida mamakaci, mzis Savi saTva<br />
Tvale<br />
leebi<br />
ekeTa~, `lindsim Jinse<br />
se-<br />
bis ukana Jibisaken waiGo xeli~, `qalma sulelur Calis qudSi,<br />
Sorteb<br />
tebSi<br />
da sandlebSi gamowKobili brius uilisi dainaxa~.<br />
Kvela magaliTi aSkarad miuTiTebs, rom saubari exeba<br />
erT konkretul saTvales, Jinssa Tu Sorts da ara mravlobiT-<br />
Si dasmul nivTebs.<br />
sxvaTa enis brmad miKola da gauazreblad mibaZva enas ki<br />
ar amdidrebs da amravalferovnebs, samwuxarod, mxolod anagvianebs<br />
da aGaribebs.<br />
54<br />
n a n a m a y a v a r i a n i<br />
anTro<br />
Tropo<br />
pomor<br />
morful arse<br />
seba<br />
baTa saxel<br />
xelwo<br />
wode<br />
debe<br />
bebis<br />
bis<br />
warmomav<br />
mavlo<br />
lobi<br />
bisa<br />
saTvis afxazur<br />
zurSi<br />
Si.<br />
2. aZˆZlan // aZˆzlan `ali<br />
ali, feria<br />
ria~<br />
afxazurSi aZˆZlan // aZˆzlan aGniSnavs `als, ferias~.<br />
moxsenebaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom<br />
aZˆZlan // aZˆzlan leqsema rTuli Sedgenilobisa unda iKos:<br />
aZˆ `wKali~, + -s (gardaqceviTobis mawarmoebeli sufiqsi) +<br />
la (lokaluri preverbi, romelic raimeSi mKofobas gamoxatavs)<br />
+ -n (namKo ganusazGvreli drois am SemTxvevaSi gaqvavebuli<br />
sufiqsi).<br />
*a-aZˆslan > aZˆzlan > aZˆZlan progresuli asimilaciiT:<br />
Tumca, aZˆZlan º aZˆzlan orive cocxali, paralelurad xmarebuli<br />
formaa afxazurSi.<br />
sitKvis Tavdapirveli mniSvneloba unda KofiliKo<br />
`wKlad Sig mKofi~. aGniSnuli semantika `ali~ leqsemisa arc<br />
qarTul-kavkasiuri folklorisTvisaa ucxo.<br />
k o b a m i T a g v a r i a<br />
adami<br />
mianis asakob<br />
kobriv dife<br />
feren<br />
renci<br />
ciacia<br />
ciasTan dakav<br />
kavSi<br />
Sire<br />
rebu<br />
buli<br />
termi<br />
mine<br />
nebi Cerqe<br />
qezul enebSi<br />
asakobriv diferenciasTan dakavSirebuli terminebis<br />
daKofa pirobiTad or Jgufad SeiZleba.<br />
pirvel Jgufs Seadgens terminebi, romlebSic ar aris<br />
warmodgenili sqesobrivi gansxvaveba adamianebs Soris. es terminebi<br />
Tanabrad SeiZleba gamoKenebuli iqnes rogorc mamakac-<br />
Ta, ise qalTa mimarT.<br />
sitKvebis umravlesoba iwarmoeba adiG. y–l<br />
fuZis<br />
gamoKenebiT, romelic aGniSnavda `axals, axal gaCenils~.<br />
55
am kategorias ganekuTvneba adiG. y–l<br />
l–xÀ<br />
xÀ–r,<br />
Kab.<br />
¬alaG°al<br />
al– `axalgazrdebi~ (y– `axali (свежий), l– _ sitKvawarmoebiTi<br />
afiqsi, -xÀ<br />
xÀ– _ mravlobiTi ricxvis mawarmoebeli<br />
afiqsi).<br />
Kabardouli sitKva nawarmoebia ¬– `axali, axalgazrda~<br />
fuZeze sitKvawarmoebiTi G°al<br />
al– sufiqsis darTviT.<br />
adiG. zˆxÀ–xÀ<br />
xÀ°–G° da Kabard. xˆJ–bz<br />
aGniSnavs `mozards~<br />
rogorc mamrobiTi, ise mdedrobiTi sqesisa.<br />
saKuradGeboa `asakis~ aGmniSvneli sitKvebi. adiGeurSi<br />
`ufrosis~ aGmniSvneli sitKvaa nahˆz (nah<br />
nah(ˆ) _ SedarebiTi xarisxis<br />
morfemas daerTvis z(ˆ) _ sitKvawarmoebiTi sufiqsi;<br />
KabardoulSi es sitKva gansxvavebulia da aGniSnavs `ufro<br />
Zvels~. aseTive gziTaa miGebuli `umcrosis~ aGmniSvneli termini<br />
adiG. nahˆy, Kabard. n–ha¬<br />
ha¬– (adiG. nah º Kabard. n–h + sufiqsi<br />
y º ¬–).<br />
terminebis meore Jgufs warmoadgens sitKvebi, romlebSic<br />
erTdroulad aGniSnulia adamianebs Soris sqesobrivi gansxvavebac<br />
e. i. aq mamakacisa da qalis sqesis sxvadasxva asakobrivi<br />
Jgufis aGmniSvneli terminebi diferencirebuladaa warmodgenili,<br />
gamonakliss warmoadgens `Cvili bavSvis~ aGmniSvneli<br />
terminebi sakuTriv adiGeuri nanˆ… da sabˆ; ukanaskneli, a.<br />
Sagirovis azriT, nasesxebia arabulidan: sabiy `biyi~, `Kmawvili~<br />
(Sdr. Turq. sabi `biyi~, `mcirewlovani~) (a. Sagirovi).<br />
KabardoulSi am terminTan erTad (sabˆ<br />
sabˆ) ixmareba sitKva<br />
bˆZa†–, romelic niSnavs `ZuZumwovar bavSvs~ (bˆZˆ<br />
`ZuZu).<br />
(Sdr. afx. aZKˆ da asabi<br />
bi. am terminebiT aGiniSneba bavSvi dabadebidan<br />
erT wlamde.<br />
erTidan Svid wlamde bavSvs adiG. y–l–wˆk<br />
wˆk°ˆ, xolo<br />
KabardoulSi ¬al–wˆk<br />
wˆk° ewodeba (zedmiw. adiG. y–l–, Kabard.<br />
¬al– `biyi~ + wˆk°ˆ `patara~).<br />
amave kategoriaSi mKofi gogonas aGmniSvneli adiGeuri<br />
terminia fs–s<br />
s–zˆˆ<br />
`gogona patara, axalgazrda~, xolo KabardoulSi<br />
xÀˆJabzwˆk° `gogona~.<br />
skolis asakis bavSvs, romelsac ukve garkveuli socialuri<br />
funqcia gaaCnia (7-dan 18 wlamde), adiGelebi eZaxian:<br />
a) `biys~ y–l<br />
l– (abZax. ‡½ala, abZaxurSi adiGeuris SiSina<br />
afrikatebs y, y´ gadadis rbil laringalur abruptiv (‡½<br />
‡½-<br />
Si); KabardoulSi ¬al– (Sdr. afx.-abaz. ayk°ˆ¹ `vaji 7 wlidan<br />
18 wlamde~ (T. gvancelaZe), xolo bzifur dialeqtSi ayk°ˆn<br />
aGniSnavs rogorc `biys~ aseve `gogonas (k. SaKrili).<br />
b) `gogonas~ amave asakobriv kategoriaSi adiGeurad<br />
fsas– ewodeba, xolo KabardoulSi _ xÀˆJ–bz<br />
bz.<br />
srulwlovani axalgazrda mamakacis aGsaniSnavad 18-30<br />
wlamde) adiG y– º Kab. ¬– fuZis reduplicirebuli forma<br />
adiG. y–l<br />
l–y– º Kab. ¬al–s<br />
sa ixmareba.<br />
adiGeuri «ˆ `mamakacsac~ aGniSnavs da `qmarsac~ (Sdr.<br />
Zvel afxazurSi alˆg `qmari~).<br />
amave kategoriaSi mKof qals adiGeurad bzˆlÀ†ˆG, Kabardoulad<br />
bzˆlÀx°ˆG<br />
ˆG– ewodeba.<br />
Semdeg kategoriaSi ganixileba adiG.-Kab. «ˆzˆ `moxuci<br />
kaci~ (zedmiw. «ˆ `kaci, mamakaci + z `moxuci~).<br />
am kategoriis `moxuci qalis~ aGmniSvneli termini<br />
adiGeurSia: nˆ…az `moxuci qali~ (zedmiw. `qali Zveli~), Sdr.<br />
nˆ…– `moxuci qali~.<br />
oTxmoc wels gadacilebul adamians adiGelebi eZaxian:<br />
`mamakacs~ adiG. ƒarˆ…ˆflÀ, Kabard. ƒazÀ, xolo qals~ nˆ…–z d–d d<br />
(zedmiw. `moxuci qali didi~).<br />
56<br />
57
n a T e l a m u z a S v i l i<br />
termi<br />
mino<br />
nolo<br />
logi<br />
giuri sitKvawar<br />
warmo<br />
moebi<br />
bisa<br />
saTvis<br />
1. axal terminTa damkvidrebas, romlebic garkveul procesTan<br />
aris dakavSirebeli, Tan sdevs axali zmnuri formebisa<br />
da maTgan warmoebuli masdarebis Seqmna.<br />
2. teqnikur terminologiaSi xSiria zmnuri formebi,<br />
romlebSic saxeluri fuZeebi saliteraturo qarTulidanaa<br />
aGebuli, magram zmnis formebi specialuri terminebia.<br />
3. teqnikur terminologiaSi warmodgenilia saxeluri<br />
fuZis masdarebi, romelTac Sesabamisi zmnuri formebi ar<br />
aqvT, Tumca udasturdebaT amosavali aGweriTi warmoeba. es im<br />
tradiciis gagrZelebaa, romelic Zvel qarTulSi SeiniSneboda.<br />
Zveli qarTulis zmnaTa uGvlilebaSi aGweriTi formebisa da<br />
organuli warmoebis Senacvleba sakmaod mniSvnelovani faqtia.<br />
igi istoriuli gramatikis erT-erT saintereso ubans warmoadgens.<br />
4. saintereso suraTs gviCvenebs kompozitebisa da sufiqsoidiani<br />
terminebis gaformeba.<br />
l a m a r a n o z a Z e<br />
zogi cnebis<br />
(mniS<br />
mniSvne<br />
nelo<br />
lobis<br />
bis) dazus<br />
zuste<br />
tebi<br />
bisa<br />
saTvis<br />
`qegl<br />
qegl~-Ta<br />
Tan mimar<br />
marTe<br />
TebiT<br />
Tanamedrove qarTul leqsikologiaSi, rogorc cnobilia,<br />
zmnuri saleqsikono erTeulis problemasTan dakavSirebiT, ZiriTadad,<br />
ori sapirispiro mosazreba arsebobs, rac Tavis<br />
mxriv, g a n p i r o b e b u l i a g a n s x v a v e b u l i z o g a d - T e -<br />
o r i u l i T v a l s a z r i s e b i T , saxeldobr:<br />
a. SaniZis azriT qcevis, gvarisa da misT. formebi warmoqmnili<br />
erTeulebia, magram grama<br />
mati<br />
tiku<br />
kuli<br />
da ara leqsi<br />
siku<br />
kuri<br />
58<br />
mniSvnelobis mixedviT 3 .<br />
keravs, akerinebs, ikeravs, ukeravs, ikereba, ekereba... e r -<br />
T s a d a i m a v e m o q m e d e b a s g a m o x a t a v s , e r T s a d a<br />
i m a v e m o v l e n a s asaxavs 4 (es arse<br />
sebi<br />
biTi faqto<br />
toria maTi kva-<br />
lifi<br />
fika<br />
kaci<br />
ciisa<br />
saTvis<br />
Tvis).<br />
aGniSnul formaTa Soris sxvaobas morfologiuri elementebiT<br />
_ a. SaniZis mixedviT _ sasitKvaTSoriso mimarTeba-<br />
Ta gamomxatveli afiqsebiT (a-, i-, i-/u-, i-/e-...) gadmocemuli<br />
grama<br />
mati<br />
tiku<br />
kuli Sina<br />
naar<br />
arsi<br />
qmnis (mxedvelobaSia subieqtur da<br />
obieqtur pirTa Soris kuTvnilebiT urTierTobaze miTiTeba,<br />
moqmedebis gadmocema moqmedi piris gamoCeniT an mis gamouCenlad,<br />
subieqturi piris moqmedeba pirdapir obieqtze uSualod<br />
an sxva piris SualobiT...).<br />
aGsaniSnavia, rom, umravles SemTxvevaSi xsenebul forma-<br />
Ta (vnebiTis, qcevis variantebis, SualobiTi kontaqtis da<br />
misT). mniSvneloba SeiZleba pirdapir (avtomaturad) gamoKvanili<br />
iqnas zmnis Ziris mniSvnelobidan da morfologiuri mawarmoeblebidan.<br />
a. SaniZis azriT, amgvar _ gramatikul erTeulTa _ qcevis,<br />
gvaris, kauzativis da misT. piriani formebis miCneva damoukidebel<br />
saleqsikono erTeulad umarTebuloa (leqsikoni _<br />
leqsemaTa krebulia).<br />
igi, rogorc cnobilia, am funqciiT _ zmnuri paradigmis<br />
meTaur formad _ iKenebs masdars, romlis budeSic warmodgenilia<br />
morfologiuri elementebiT warmoqmnili Kvela SesaZlo<br />
(piriani) g r a m a t i k u l i f o r m a saTanado ilustraciebiT<br />
(Sdr. Kra: Kris... aKris... iKris... uKris... iKreba... eKreba...<br />
Kria... aKria...).<br />
3 aGniSnuli debuleba a. SaniZis `leqsikologiuri koncefciis~ qvakuTxedia.<br />
4<br />
Sdr. amave zmnuri Zirisagan (martivi fuZisagan) warmoqmnili axali<br />
leqsikuri erTeulebi _ mkeravi (`vinc keravs~), sakeravi (`riTac keraven~ _<br />
sakeravi manqana), _ {ga<br />
ga}kerili<br />
(`rac {ga}keres~, mag. qsovili) da misT.,<br />
romlebic zmnuri ZiriT gamoxatul moqmedebasTan dakavSirebul sxva saganze,<br />
sxva obieqtze (adamiani, manqana, qsovili...) miuTiTeben.<br />
59
a r g u m e n t i : masdari zmnis ZiriTadi leqsikuri mniSvnelobis<br />
matarebeli saxelia. igi zmnis Kvelaze ganKenebul mniSvnelobas<br />
gadmogvcems, Kvela amgvar pirian formaTa zogadi<br />
`semantikuri warmomadgenelia~, maTi ziari kategoriaa.<br />
a. SaniZis zogad, Cveni azriT, uaGresad mwKobr da Tanmimdevrul<br />
koncefcias upirispirdeba arn. <strong>Ciqobavas</strong> Tvalsazrisi,<br />
romlis mixedviTac qarTuli zmnis rigi kategoria _<br />
qcevis, gvaris, kauzativis formebi (Slis: iSlis, uSlis, iSleba,<br />
eSleba, aSlevinebs...) g a n s x v a v e b u l i l e q s i k u r i<br />
m n i S v n e l o b i s m a t a r e b e l i a . maTi Setana leqsikonebSi<br />
damoukidebel saleqsikono erTeulad isevea gamarTlebuli,<br />
rogorc saxelis nawarmoebi fuZeebisa (guliani, ugulo, sagule...<br />
Zmuri, moZme, saZmo da misT; `gli~-i VIII, 1964, 06; 1986, 06).<br />
Cveni azriT araswori analogiaa _ guliani, ugulo, sagule...<br />
samarile, umarilo, mariliani da misT. nawarmoebi<br />
formebi Z i r e u l i s a g a n g a n s x v a v e b u l i l e q s i k u r i<br />
m n i S v n e l o b i s m a t a r e b e l i e l e m e n t e b i a . axal obieqts<br />
(sagans) aGniSnavs (Sdr. sama<br />
mari<br />
rile<br />
_ `mcire y u r y e l i ,<br />
raSic marilia~; umari<br />
rilo<br />
_ `s a y m e l i , rasac marili ara<br />
aqvs an aklia~...), maSasadame, damoukidebel saleqsikono erTeulebs<br />
warmoadgens, rasac, rogorc aGiniSna, ver vitKviT qcevis,<br />
gvaris da misT. formebze (irecxavs, urecxavs, irecxeba...).<br />
amgvar analizs mxars uyers zogi sxva faqtoric. kerZod:<br />
arn. <strong>Ciqobavas</strong> azriT zmnaTa absolutur umetesobaSi moqmedebis<br />
saxelebi nawarmoebia gardamavali zmnis saarviso qcevis<br />
fuZisagan (Tesav-s → Tesva, mki-s → mka, aSeneb-s → Seneba...).<br />
`qce<br />
qcevebs<br />
(iTesavs, uTesavs... iSenebs, uSenebs...), vnebi<br />
biTebs<br />
(iTeseba, eTeseba... Sendeba, uSendeba...) sakuTari fuZisagan moqmedebis<br />
saxeli ar ewarmoeba: amgvar zmnebs S e s a b a m i s i nazmnari<br />
saxeli ar gaaCnia...<br />
amisda miuxedavad ara iSvi<br />
viaTad<br />
(xazi _ l. n.) _ konteqstis<br />
Sesabamisad _ gardamavali zmnis saarviso qcevis masdari<br />
SeiZleba iKos gamoKenebuli vnebiTi gvarisTvisac, sasubieqto<br />
qcevaTa Sinaarsis gadmosacemadac~ (`gl~-i, 1950, I, gv. 011-012, 075).<br />
60<br />
winaaGmdegobrivi debulebebia _ es ar iqneboda SesaZlebeli<br />
qcevis, gvaris da misT. nawarmoebi formebi a x a l , g a n -<br />
s x v a v e b u l l e q s i k u r e r T e u l e b s r o m w a r m o a d -<br />
g e n d e s (Sdr. samarile, mariliani, umarilo; gaagonebs, moagonebs,<br />
STaagonebs da misT. udaod l e q s i k u r i n i S n i T<br />
warmoqmnili formebi, romelTa mniSvnelobebis ganzogadeba<br />
erT semantikur monacemad SeuZlebelia) 5 .<br />
zmnur formaTa masdarze ganlagebis erT-erT sawinaaGmdego<br />
argumentad saxeldeba is, rom zmnaTa mTel wKebas,<br />
upiratesad upreverbo nasaxelar zmnebs TiTqos ar ewarmoeba<br />
moqmedebis saxeli. ar iTqmis<br />
bereba (aberebs zmnisagan), sruleba<br />
(asrulebs...), dareba (adarebs...), lamazeba (alamazebs...),<br />
mwvaneba (amwvanebs...), susteba (asustebs...), (re<br />
realu<br />
luria<br />
ria: dabereba<br />
_ daaberebs zmnisagan, Sesruleba _ Seasrulebs zmnisagan...).<br />
maSasadame, m a s d a r i s u q o n l o b i s g a m o a m g v a r i<br />
z m n e b i l e q s i k o n S i v e r m o x v d e b a (`gl~-i, 1950, 011,<br />
075).<br />
sadao argumentia TviT sanimuSod dasaxelebul `akrZalul~<br />
(ar iTqmis _ a. C.) masdarTagan rigi Setanilia `qegl~-<br />
Si: bereba, dareba.<br />
a m t i p i s m a s d a r e b i m r a v l a d a r i s w a r m o -<br />
d g e n i l i `q e g l ~-Si saTanado ilustraciebiT (I) da, rac<br />
mTavaria, ilustraciebis gareSec (II). magaliTad:<br />
I. boleba, braleba, Txeleba, leqsva, mSvideba, oxreba, pareba,<br />
rideba, rkineba, suqeba, Kalibeba, Kruveba, Kudeba...<br />
II. badeba, bedeba, bezreba, biJeba, budeba, zvaveba, TeTreba,<br />
kisreba, landeba, laJeba, neleba, fiTreba, Soreba, Stereba...<br />
masdaris aseTi formebi SeaqvT leqsikonebSi (Zv. qarTu-<br />
5 masdari formobrivad ar ganarCevs moqmedebiTs (qcevis variantebs),<br />
vnebiTs. ara gvaqvs: *ikerva (ikeravs), *ukerva (ukeravs), *esxma (esxmis) da misT.<br />
aGniSnul kategoriaTa mawarmoeblebi: i-, u-, e-... morfologiuri<br />
funqciis saderivacio formantebia. bunebrivia, rom isini masdarSi ar Canan<br />
iseve, rogorc sxva am tipis afiqsebi (Sdr. leqsikuri derivaciis nimuSebi:<br />
Sur-ian<br />
ian-i _ Sur-ia<br />
ian-oba<br />
oba, u-gun-ur<br />
ur-i _ u-gun-ur<br />
ur-eba _ si-ug{u}n-ur-e...).<br />
61
li enis leqsikonebi mxolod `masdarul princips~ emKareba) 6<br />
da es maT funqcionirebas ar abrkolebs.<br />
martivad asaxsneli faqtia _ T u f o r m a n a w a r m o e -<br />
b i a e n a S i m o q m e d i m o d e l e b i s S e s a b a m i s a d , specialistisaTvis<br />
subieqturad rogoradac ar unda aGiqmebodes<br />
igi, enis matareblisTvis (misi SemoqmedisTvis) bunebrivia _<br />
araxelovnuri (ix. zemoTdasaxelebuli nimuSebi).<br />
es aris o b i e q t u r i k r i t e r i u m i enobriv erTeulTa<br />
kvalifikaciisa.<br />
m a T i b u n e b r i o b i s (realurobis) xarisxis g a r k -<br />
v e u l e t a p e b z e ganpirobebulia xmarebis sixSiriT, rac<br />
Tavis mxriv damokidebulia sxva faqtorebze.<br />
s u b i e q t u r i _ calkeul pirTa Tvalsazrisze damKarebuli<br />
kvalifikacia masdaruli formebisa da saerTod enobrivi<br />
erTeulebisa Sedegad iwvevs araTanmimdevrulobas (araer-<br />
Tgvarovnebas), ris araerTi magaliTi gvaqvs `qegl~-Si (ix. n o -<br />
z a Z e , masdaris warmoebis zogi sakiTxi qarTulSi da `qegl~-i,<br />
`enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi~, 1,2004; SeniSvnebi qarTuli enis<br />
ganmartebiT leqsikonze, `saenaTmecniero Ziebani~, XIII, 2002 da sxv.).<br />
m e r a b r o b a q i Z e<br />
`afxazi<br />
afxazi~ da `afxazebi<br />
afxazebi~ somxur wKaroebSi<br />
1. somxuri istoriuli wKaroebi Seicaven friad mniSvnelovan<br />
cnobebs `afxazeTisa~ da `afxazTa~ Sesaxeb. VII s-is somxur<br />
`geografiaSi~ afxazTa sacxovrisi lokalizebulia mdinare<br />
bzifsa da kodors Soris. amave wKaros cnobiT, es aris<br />
`avazTa~ qveKana, romlis CrdiloeTiT cxovroben svanebi, xolo<br />
samxreTiT megrelebi.<br />
2. VIII s-is bolodan, somxuri wKaroebis mixedviT, xdeba<br />
afxazTa samTavros Zalauflebis gavrcoba da mTeli dasavleTi<br />
saqarTvelo moxsenebulia afxazeTad, amasTan paralelurad es<br />
samefo wodebulia samegrelod.<br />
3. friad sainteresoa X s-is somexi istorikosis<br />
asoGikis cnoba, romelic afxazebs moixseniebs kavkasiis iqiTa<br />
mxaris (imierkavkasiis xalxad).<br />
4. XI-XII saukuneebis somexi istorikosebi `afxazTa~ da<br />
`afxazeTis~ saxelwodebas avrcoben mTeli saqarTvelos teritoriaze<br />
_ `afxazi~ maTTvis qarTvelia, `afxazeTi~ ki _ saqarTvelo.<br />
6 rogorc cnobilia, arc erTi wesi ar aris ugamonakliso (ara aqvs<br />
arsebiTi mniSvneloba maT ricxovnobas).<br />
bunebrivia isic, rom miGebuli principi Semdgom daxvewas da dazustebas<br />
sayiroebdes.<br />
aqve unda davZinoT: rig enaSi arsebuli wesi zmnur saleqsikono<br />
erTeulad awmKos pirveli piris mx. ricxvis formebis gamotanisa (Sdr.<br />
berZnuli enis zogi leqsikoni), an _ aoristis mesame pirisa (Sdr. arabuli<br />
enis leqsikonebi), vfiqrobT, ver moaxdens gavlenas am da Cven zog sxva<br />
statiaSi warmodgenili analizis Sedegebze (gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom<br />
zemoT xsenebul gamonaklisebs specialistebi aGniSnul enaTaTvis damaxasia-<br />
Tebeli specifikuri viTarebiT xsnian).<br />
62<br />
l a t a v r a s a n i k i Z e<br />
brune<br />
neba<br />
baTa Ziri<br />
riTa<br />
Tadi tipe<br />
pebis Seda<br />
dare<br />
rebi<br />
biTi anali<br />
lizi<br />
naxur da daGestnur enebSi<br />
1. daGestnur enebSi ZiriTadad dasturdeba brunebis sami<br />
tipi: I tipis (`difuzuri~) bruneba _ ergativs, naTesaobiTsa<br />
da moqmedebiTs saerTo forma aqvs (g. Tofuria), mag.,<br />
sax. hivC `vaSli~, erg./naT. hivC-ul, mic. hivC-un); II tipis (orfuZiani)<br />
bruneba _ saxelobiTisagan gansxvavebuli meore sa-<br />
63
unebeli fuZea Zveli ergativi (mag., lezg. sax. vaw `mdinare~,<br />
erg. vaw-u, naT. v a w - u - n, mic. v a w - u - z) an Zveli naTesaobiTi<br />
brunva (mag., ud. sax. faSna `gogra~, naT. faSn-in<br />
in, erg.<br />
f a S n - i n -en, mic. f a S n - i n -ax). ergativsa da naTesaobiTze<br />
damKarebuli orfuZiani brunebis meore sabrunebeli fuZe<br />
formiT, Cveulebriv, Sesabamisad daGestnur enaTa axlandel<br />
ergativs an naTesaobiTs emTxveva; III tipis (agreTve orfuZiani)<br />
bruneba: meore sabrunebeli fuZe `CanarTiania~ (mag. xunZ. sax.<br />
wer `Kinuli~, erg. wer-da<br />
da-ca, naT. wer-da<br />
da-l, mic. wer-da<br />
da-e).<br />
istoriulad `CanarTi~ sxvadasxva (paleoergativis afiqsi, determinanti,<br />
fuZis kuTvnileba) warmoSobisaa.<br />
2. brunebis egeve ZiriTadi tipebi gamoiKofa naxur eneb-<br />
Si, sadac ramdenadme gansxvavebuli viTareba gvaqvs:<br />
`di<br />
difu<br />
fuzu<br />
zuri<br />
ri~ bruneba SeiniSneba CaCnur-inguSurSi. aq<br />
`difuzuri~ da orfuZiani bruneba erTroulad iCens Tavs er-<br />
Ti paradigmis farglebSic (mag., ing. sax. isxali `maudi~, naT.<br />
isxal<br />
xal-e<br />
e, mic. i s x a l - e -nna, erg. i s x a l - e, Sdr. isxal-<br />
e-l, gamsyv. i s x a l - e -x).<br />
e- afiqsiani forma instrumentalisis funqciiTac aris<br />
gamovlenili CaCn. enis Saroul dialeqtSi.<br />
naklebad sarwmuno Cans, e- afiqsian brunvaTa formebSi<br />
saTanado brunvis (ergativi, moqmedebiTi, naTesaobiTi) forma-<br />
Ta daboloebebSi fonetikuri cvlilebebis SedegTan gvqondes<br />
saqme, Tumca aseTi SesaZleblobac gamoricxuli ar aris.<br />
erga<br />
gati<br />
tivis<br />
forma (a- sufiqsiani) romelic orfu<br />
fuZi<br />
Zian<br />
brune<br />
neba<br />
baSi<br />
meore sabrunebel fuZes warmoadgens, ucxoa Tanamedrove<br />
bacburi enisaTvis. igi CaCnur-inguSurSi gvxvdeba sakuTar<br />
arsebiT saxelebTan, sazogado arsebiT saxelebSi misi<br />
gavrcelebis are SezGudulia (mag., CaCn. sax. sTag `kaci~, erg.<br />
sTag-a, mic. sTag-a-na).<br />
meore sabrunebeli fuZe naTe<br />
Tesa<br />
saobiT<br />
biTze<br />
damKarebuli brunebidan<br />
Tanamedrove naxuri enebis naTesaobiTis formisagan<br />
gansxvavebulia (mag. bacb. sax. nan `deda~, naT. nan-e¹ < nan-en<br />
en,<br />
erg. nan-as, mic. n a n - e - n, moqm. n a n - e -v).<br />
64<br />
3. daGestnur enebs erga<br />
gativ<br />
tivsa<br />
da naTe<br />
Tesa<br />
saobiT<br />
biTze<br />
damKarebuli<br />
orfuZiani brunebis ufro arqauli saxe SemounaxavT,<br />
`di<br />
difu<br />
fuzu<br />
zuri<br />
risa<br />
sa~, savaraudoa _ naxurs.<br />
4. brunebis ZiriTadi tipebis erTgvarobac naxur da<br />
daGestnur enebSi mowmobs, rom rogorc varaudobs zogi<br />
mkvlevari, naxuri da daGestnuri enebi iberiul-kavkasiur ena-<br />
Ta erT Jgufs unda warmoadgendnen.<br />
m e d e a s a G l i a n i<br />
qarTve<br />
Tvelu<br />
luri etimo<br />
molo<br />
logi<br />
giebi<br />
ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÌÄ ÀáÀËÉ ÓÀÄÒÈÏ-<br />
ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒÉ ÞÉÒÉÓ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖË-ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÀÍÀËÉÆÉ:<br />
1. ØÀÒÈ. (áÄÅÓ., ÉÌÄÒ., Æ. ÀàÀÒ.) ÓÀ-ÒÄÊ-ÄË-À `áÉÓ ÐÀÔÀÒÀ ÈÀÅ-<br />
ÊÏÌÁËÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÉÓ ÐÀËÏ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÄÒÈÉ ÍÀÐÉÒÉÈ ÃÏËÀÁÆÄ ÃÄÅÓ, áÏ-<br />
ËÏ ÌÄÏÒÄÈÉ ÍÀàËÉÊÀÓÈÀÍ ÀÒÉÓ ÛÄÄÒÈÄÁÖËÉ...", (ÉÌÄÒ.) ÓÀ-ÒÀÊ-ÖÍ-<br />
Ä/ÓÀ-ÒÄÊ-ÖË-Ä, (ÂÖÒ.) ÓÀ-ÒÀÊ-ÖÍ-À/Ä, -É; ÛÃÒ. ÞÅ. ØÀÒÈ. ä-ÒÄÊ-Ó<br />
`ÓÝÄÌÓ; ÀÊÀÊÖÍÄÁÓ", ÒÄÊ-À/ÒÄÊ-ÄÁ-À `ÝÄÌÀ; ÊÀÊÖÍÉ" : ËÀÆ. Ï-ÒÀÊ-ÀË-ÏÍ-<br />
É `ÓÀÒÄÊÄËÀ", Ï-ÒÀÊ-ÀË-Ö `ÒÄÊÀ" (Â. ÊËÉÌÏÅÉ) : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁÆ.) ËÀ-ÒÚ-ðÍ,<br />
(ÁØ.) ËÀ-ÒÚ-ÉÍ `ÓÀÒÄÊÄËÀ"; ÛÃÒ. ÁØ. ËÉ-ÒÚ-É/ËÉ-ÒÚ-ÉÍ-Ä `ÃÀÒÔÚÌÀ",<br />
ËÀ-á-ÒÄÚ `ÌÉÀÒÔÚÀ".<br />
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÒÄÚ- `ÝÄÌÀ, ÌÉÒÔÚÌÀ; ÊÀÊÖÍÉ"; ØÀÒÈ. ÒÄÊ- ← ÒÄÚ- :<br />
ËÀÆ. ÒÀÊ- ← *ÒÀÚ- ← *ÒÄÚ- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÒÚ-/ÒÄÚ- ← *ÒÄÚ-.<br />
ÀÖÓËÀÖÔÖÒÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀ ØÀÒÈ. Ê : ÆÀÍ. (ËÀÆ.) Ê : ÓÅÀÍ. Ú ÀÉá-<br />
ÓÍÄÁÀ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ Ú → Ê ÂÀÃÀÁÂÄÒÄÁÀ ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ (ÛÃÒ. ØÀÒÈ. ÒÄÊ- `ÂÀ-<br />
ÒÄÊÅÀ" : ÆÀÍ. ÒÀè- ← ÒÀÚ- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÒÄÚ-, ØÀÒÈ. ÊÀË- `ÊÅËÀ" : ÆÀÍ.<br />
ÚæÉË- ← ÚÖË-, ØÀÒÈ. ÊÖÍÔ- ← ÚÖÍÔ- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÚÖÍÔ- (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ)).<br />
ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÉ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÀÃ ÉÂÉÅÄÏÁÒÉÅÉÀ.<br />
2. ØÀÒÈ. ÊÏÌÁÀË-É `ÈÀÅÉÀÍÉ ãÏáÉ" : ÆÀÍ. (ËÀÆ.) ÊÏÐÀË-É `ÈÀ-<br />
ÅÉÀÍÉ ãÏáÉ" (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ) : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁØ.) ÚæÀËðÍ{Â} `ÊÏÌÁÀËÉ", (ËáÌ.)<br />
ÚæÀÒðÍ{Â} `ÃÉÃÈÀÅÀ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉ", ÛÃÒ. (ÁØ.) ÚæÀÌÁÀË-ð `ÃÉÃÈÀÅÀ".<br />
ÛÃÒ. ÁØ. ËÉ-ÚæÄÍÂ-Ä `ãÏáÉÈ ÝÄÌÀ, ÌÉÁÄÂÅÀ", ÜÏË. ÚæêÍÂ-É `ÂÀÃÀáÒÉ-<br />
ËÉ ÌÀÙÀËÉ áÄ".<br />
65
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÚÏÌÁÀË- `ÈÀÅÉÀÍÉ ãÏáÉ"; ØÀÒÈ. ÊÏÌÁÀË- : àÀÍ. ÊÏ-<br />
ÐÀË- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÚæÀËðÍ{Â}/ÚæÀÒðÍ{Â} ← *ÚæÀËÁðË ← *ÚæÀÌÁðË ←<br />
*ÚÏÌÁðË ← *ÊÏÌÁðË ← ÊÏÌÁÀË-É.<br />
ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ×ÏÒÌÀÈÀ ÀÖÓËÀÖÔÉÓÄÖËÉ Â ÂÀÍÅÉÈÀÒÄÁÖËÉ ÜÀÍÓ,<br />
ÀÌÀÓÈÀÍÀÅÄ ÀÖÓËÀÖÔÛÉÅÄ æ ÀËÏ×ÏÍÉ ÈÉÈØÏÓ ÉÓÌÉÓ. ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ Ú/Ê<br />
ÌÏÍÀÝÅËÄÏÁÀÓ, ÉÂÉ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒÉ ÄÍÄÁÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÃÀÌÀáÀÓÉÀÈÄÁÄËÉ ÄÒÈ-<br />
ÄÒÈÉ ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÉÀ.<br />
ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖË-ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÉÃÄÍÔÖÒÏÁÀ ÄàÅÓ ÀÒ ÉßÅÄÅÓ.<br />
3. ØÀÒÈ. ßÄÒÏ : ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ.) àÀÒÏ `×ÒÉÍÅÄËÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ØÏÒ-<br />
ÓÀ äÂÀÅÓ, ÈÄÅÆÓ ÀÌÏÉÔÀÝÄÁÓ ßÚËÉÈ ÃÀ ÓàÀÌÓ (ÓÀÁÀ)" (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ) : ÓÅÀÍ.<br />
(ÁÆ.) àôÒ, (ÁØ.) àæÄÒ|àÄÒ, (ËÍÔ.) àæÄÒ `ÚÅÀÅÉ". ØÀÒÈÖË-ÆÀÍÖÒÛÉ<br />
Ï-Ó ÓÖ×ÉØÓÀà ÂÀÌÏÚÏ×ÀÓ áÄËÓ ÖÛËÉÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÂÀÌÏÅËÄÍÉËÉ ×ÏÒÌÀ.<br />
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ßÄÒÏ `ßÄÒÏ"; ØÀÒÈ. ßÄÒÏ : ÆÀÍ. àÀÒÏ : ÓÅÀÍ.<br />
àôÒ|àæÄÒ|àÄÒ ← *àÄÒæ.<br />
ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒ (ÁÆ.) ßóæÒ, (ÁØ.) ßðæÒ, (ËÍÔ.) ßÄÒÏ ËÄØ-<br />
ÓÄÌÀÓ, ÉÂÉ ØÀÒÈÖËÉÃÀÍÀÀ ÍÀÓÄÓáÄÁÉ (Ì. ØÀËÃÀÍÉ).<br />
ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÓáÅÀÏÁÀ ÀÓÀáÓÍÄËÉÀ.<br />
4. ØÀÒÈ. (ÂÖÒ.) ÁÀÒ-ÁÀË-É `ÝÄÝáËÉÓ ÀËÉÓ ÁÒÉÀËÉ, ÐÒÉÀËÉ",<br />
À-ÁÀÒ-ÁÀË-ÄÁ-À `ÀÐÒÉÀËÄÁÀ" : ÆÀÍ. ÁÀÒ-ÁÀË-É `ÝÄÝáËÉÓ ÀËÉÓ ÌÏÞÒÀ-<br />
ÏÁÀ ÃÀ áÌÀÖÒÉ, _ ÁÒÉÀËÉ, ÂÉÆÂÉÆÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ËÉ-ÁéÒ-ÁéÍ-É|ÁéÒ-ÁéÍ<br />
`ÝÄÝáËÉÓ ÀÂÖÆÂÖÆÄÁÀ, ÀÐÒÉÀËÄÁÀ; áÌÀÖÒÉ". ÛÃÒ. ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ.) ÁÀÒ-<br />
ÁÀÜ-É|ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÍÜ-É|ÁÏÒ-ÁÏÜ-É|ÁÏÒ-ÁÏÍÜ-É `ÁÖÒÁÖÒÉ, ÂÉÆÂÉÆÉ, ÁÒÉ-<br />
ÀËÉ" ÃÀ ÀÂÒÄÈÅÄ Ò. ÀÁÀÛÉÀÓ ÌÉÄÒ ÂÀÌÏÅËÄÍÉËÉ ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ.) ÁÏÒ-<br />
ÁÏÍã-É `ÂÉÆÂÉÆÉ, ÁÒÉÀËÉ".<br />
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÒ- `ÝÄÝáËÉÓ ÁÒÉÀËÉ, ÐÒÉÀËÉ, áÌÀÖÒÉ";<br />
ØÀÒÈ. ÁÀÒ-ÁÀË- ← *ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÒ- : ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ.) ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÜ-|ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÍÜ-|ÁÏÒ-<br />
ÁÏÜ-|ÁÏÒ-ÁÏÍÜ-|ÁÏÒ-ÁÏÍã- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÁéÒ-ÁéÍ- ← *ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÒ-.<br />
ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÜÀÍÓ, ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÉ ÌÉÙÄÁÖËÉÀ ÒÄÃÖÐËÉÊÀ-<br />
ÝÉÉÓ ÂÆÉÈ.<br />
ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÉÓ ÌáÒÉÅ ØÀÒÈÖËÉ ÃÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÉ ÉÃÄÍÔÖ-<br />
ÒÉÀ.<br />
5. ØÀÒÈ. ÌÄ-ÊÏÁÒ-Ä `ÆÙÅÉÓ ÚÀÜÀÙÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁØ.) ÊæÄÌÁÒ-ð<br />
`ØÖÒÃÁÀÝÀÝÀ; ÚÀÜÀÙÉ", (ÝáÖÌ.) ÊæÄÌÁÒÎðÖ `ÂÀÃÀÔ. _ ÀÌÞÖÅÍÄÁÖËÉ<br />
ÙÏÒÄÁÉ".<br />
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÊÏÁÒ- `ÚÀÜÀÙÉ"; ØÀÒÈ. ÌÄ-ÊÏÁÒ-Ä : ÓÅÀÍ. ÊæÄÌÁÒ- ←<br />
*ÊæÄÁÒ- ← *ÊÏÁÒ- ← ÌÄ-ÊÏÁÒ-Ä. Ì ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÃÀÍÀÈÉÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ.<br />
ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖËÀÃÀÝ ÃÀ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÀÃÀÝ ØÀÒÈÖË ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ-×Ö-<br />
66<br />
ÞÄÄÁÉ ÓÒÖË ÉÃÄÍÔÖÒÏÁÀÓ ÀÌÑÙÀÅÍÄÁÄÍ. ÓÀÊÅËÄÅÉÀ ÆÀÍÖÒÉ ÛÄÓÀÔÚÅÉÓÉ.<br />
6. ØÀÒÈ. (ÌÏá.) ÝÄÂ-ÖÀ-Î `ÁÆÒÉÀËÀ" : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁØ.) Ýé `ßÉÓØÅÉ-<br />
ËÉÓ ÁÏÒÁËÉÓ ÒÊÉÍÉÓ ßÅÄÔÉÀÍÉ ×ÄáÉ, ÒÏÌËÉÈÀÝ ÁÏÒÁÀËÉ ÊÉÁÏÒÜáÀ-<br />
ËÀÆÄ ÔÒÉÀËÄÁÓ".<br />
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÝÄÂ- `ÁÆÒÉÀËÀ, ÓÀÔÒÉÀËÄÁÄËÉ" → ØÀÒÈ. ÝÄÂ-ÖÀ-Î<br />
: ÓÅÀÍ. Ýé ← *ÝÄÂ-.<br />
ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀËÉ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÄÁÛÉ Ô Ò É À Ë É Ó À ÖÍÃÀ<br />
ÚÏ×ÉËÉÚÏ.<br />
Å. ÀÁÀÄÅÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ Ýé ÏÓÖÒ-ÀËÀÍÖÒÉÃÀÍ ÛÄÈÅÉÓÄÁÖËÀà ÌÉÀÜ-<br />
ÍÉÀ (ÛÃÒ. ÏÓ. cæg `ÒÊÀËÉ, ÒÂÏËÉ, ÌÀÒÚÖÑÉ").<br />
7. ØÀÒÈ. (ØÉÆÉÚ.) ßÏßÏØ-É, (Æ. ÀàÀÒ.) ßÏßÏØ-À-Î `ÔÚÄÌËÉÓ ÛÄàÀÌÀÃÉ,<br />
ÌßÅÀÍÉÈ ÛÄÆÀÅÄÁÖËÉ, àÒÉÀÍÔÄËÉ, ÝÉÅÀà ÉáÅÒÉÐÄÁÀ ÆÀ×áÖË-<br />
ÛÉ, ÂÒÉËÉÀ" : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁØ.) àÏàÏØ-ð, (ÜÏË.) àÏàÏØ-À-Î `ÂÀÃÀÌÑÀÅÄÁÖËÉ<br />
(ÌÀßÏÍÉ, ÍÀÙÄÁÉ...)".<br />
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ßÏßÏØ- `ÌÑÀÅÄ"; ØÀÒÈ. ßÏßÏØ-É : ÓÅÀÍ. àÏàÏØ-.<br />
ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀËÉ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÀ ÉÓÔÏÒÉÖËÀÃ ØÀÒÈÖË-ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄ-<br />
ÄÁÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ ÓßÏÒÄÃ Ó É Ì Ñ À Å É Ó À ÖÍÃÀ ÚÏ×ÉËÉÚÏ.<br />
8. ØÀÒÈ. ÈÀÅÈÀ `ÈáÄËÉ ÍÀØÓÏÅÉÀ" (ÓÀÁÀ), (ØÉÆÉÚ.) ÈÀÅÈÀ `ÀÁÒÄ-<br />
ÛÖÌÉÓ ÈáÄËÉ ØÓÏÅÉËÉ", ÛÃÒ. ÉÍÂ. ÈÀ×ÔÀ-Î `ÈÀÅÈÀ, ÀÁÒÄÛÖÌÉÓ ØÓÏ-<br />
ÅÉËÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ÈæÀËÈ `ÌÀÒËÀ; ÈáÄËÉ ÍÀØÓÏÅÉ".<br />
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÈÀæÈÀ; ØÀÒÈ. ÈÀÅÈÀ : ÓÅÀÍ. ÈæÀËÈ ← *ÈæÀÈ ←<br />
*ÈÀæÈ ← ÈÀÅÈÀ.<br />
ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄ ÌÄÔÀÈÄÆÉÒÄÁÖËÉ ÓÀáÄÏÁÀÀ ÉÓÔÏÒÉÖËÉ<br />
*ÈÀæÈÀ ÀÒØÄÔÉÐÉÓÀ. Ë, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ×ÖÞÄÛÉ ÉÜÄÍÓ ÈÀÅÓ, ×ÏÍÄ-<br />
ÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÃÀÍÀÒÈÉÀ.<br />
ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÉÓ ÌáÒÉÅÀÝ ÓÒÖË ÉÃÄÍÔÖÒÏÁÀÓÈÀÍ ÂÅÀØÅÓ ÓÀØÌÄ.<br />
9. ØÀÒÈ. (ÂÖÒ.) ÌÏ-ÔÏË-Å-À ÞÀ×ÉÓÀ `ÞÀ×ÉÓ ÏÒ×Àà ÀáÅÄÅÀ, ÓÀ-<br />
ÍÀÌ ÛÄÉÂÒÉáÄÁÏÃÄÓ" : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁÆ.) ËÉ-Í-Ô-É/ËÉ-Í-ÔæË-É, (ÁØ.) ËÉ-Í-<br />
ÔæË-É `ÈÏÊÉÓ, ÞÀ×ÉÓ ÀÊÄÝÅÀ (ÃÀáÅÄÅÀ)".<br />
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÔÏË- `ÀÊÄÝÅÀ, ÃÀáÅÄÅÀ"; ØÀÒÈ. ÌÏ-ÔÏË-Å-À : ÓÅÀÍ.<br />
Ô-/ÔæË- ← *ÔÏË.<br />
ÁÀËÓÆÄÌÏÖÒÛÉ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÉ ÊÉÃÄÅ Ö×ÒÏ ÛÏÒÓ ßÀÓÖËÀ ÃÀ ÂÀÌÀÒ-<br />
ÔÉÅÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÃÄÂÀà ×ÖÞÄ ÝÀË ÈÀÍáÌÏÅÍÀÌÃÄ ÃÀÓÖËÀ (-Ô-). ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ<br />
ÂÀÌÏÅËÄÍÉËÉ Í ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÃÀÍÀÒÈÉÀ.<br />
ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀ ÓÀÅÓÄÁÉÈ ÊÀÍÏÍÆÏÌÉÄÒÉÀ.<br />
10. ØÀÒÈ. (ÉÌÄÒ.) àÉÊÏÒ-É `ÓÀËÀÏÁÀÛÉ ÌÒÂÅÀËÉ ÒÉÚÉÓ ØÅÀÀ,<br />
ÒÏÌÄËÓÀÝ 5-6 ÌÄÔÒÉÃÀÍ ÄÓÒÏÃÍÄÍ ÁÒÔÚÄË ÒÉÚÉÓ ØÅÀÓ, ÓÀÍÉÛÍÏ<br />
67
ÉÚÏ" : ÓÅÀÍ. (ËáÌ.) ßÉÍÀÊÖ `ØÅÀ".<br />
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *àÉÊÏÒ- `ØÅÀ" → ØÀÒÈ. àÉÊÏÒ-É : ÓÅÀÍ. ßÉÍÀÊÖ ←<br />
*ßÉÍÊÖ ← *ßÉÊÖÍ ← *àÉÊÖÍ ← *àÉÊÖÒ ← *àÉÊÏÒ- ← *àÉÊÏÒ-É ÀÍ<br />
ßÉÍÀÊÖ ← *ßÉÍÀÊæÄ- ← *ßÉÍÊæÄ- ← *ßÉÊæÄÍ- ← *ßÉÊæÄÒ- ←<br />
*àÉÊæÄÒ- ← *àÉÊÏÒ-É.<br />
ÚÖÒÀÃÙÄÁÀÓ ÉØÝÄÅÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ Ò/Í ÌÏÍÀÝÅËÄÏÁÀ ÃÀ Í-Ó ÌÄÔÀÈÄÆÉÓÉ.<br />
ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÄÌÀÈÀ ÉÃÄÍÔÖÒÏÁÀ ÍÀÈËÀÃ ÜÀÍÓ.<br />
11. ØÀÒÈ. ßÖÒ-ßÖÒ-, ÌÏ-ßÖÒ-ßÖÒ-ÄÁ-Ó (Ï×ËÉ, ÓÉÓáËÉ...),<br />
ßÖÒ-ßÖÒ-ÉÈ ÓÃÉÓ, ßÖÒ-ßÖÒ-É : ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ.) àÖÒ-àÖË-, àÖÒ-àÖË-É<br />
`ßÖÒ-ßÖÒÉ", Ì-À-àÖÒ-àÖË-Ö(Í)|Ì-À-àÅÀÒ-àÅÀË-Ö(Í) `ßÖÒßÖÒÉÈ ÜÀ-<br />
ÌÏÓÃÉÓ (Ï×ËÉ, ßÚÀËÉ, ÝÒÄÌËÉ...)" : ÓÅÀÍ. ßæÒ-, á-Ï-ßæÒ-Ä `ÖÃÄÍÓ,<br />
ÀÃÄÍÓ (Ï×ËÓ, ÝÒÄÌËÓ...), ÌÄ-ßæÒ-Ä `ÌÃÄÍÉ, ÈáÄÅÀÃÉ" (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ),<br />
ÛÃÒ. (ËÄÜá. ← ÓÅÀÍ.) àÅÄÒ-Å-À `ÑÏÍÀ, ÃÄÍÀ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ËÉ-ßæÒ-Ä `ÑÏÍÀ,<br />
ÃÄÍÀ", ÍÀ-ßÖÒ `ÂÀÍÀÑÏÍÉ, ÂÀÌÏÍÀÃÄÍÉ", ÌÖ-ßæÉÒ `ÂÀáÅÒÄÔÉËÉ, ÓÀÉÃÀ-<br />
ÍÀÝ ÓÉÈáÄ ÑÏÍÀÅÓ...".<br />
ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ×ÖÞÄÈÀ ÂÄÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÄÒÈÉÀÍÏÁÀ ÝÍÏÁÉËÉÀ (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ).<br />
ËÄÜáÖÌÖÒÉ àÅÄÒ-Å-À `ÑÏÍÀ, ÃÄÍÀ" ËÄØÓÄÌÀÝ ÀÃÅÉËÀà ÃÀÖÊÀÅ-<br />
ÛÉÒÃÄÁÀ ÓáÅÀ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÓ.<br />
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ßÖÒ-`ÑÏÍÀ, ÃÄÍÀ"; ØÀÒÈ. ßÖÒ-ßÖÒ : ÆÀÍ. àÅÀÒàÅÀË-|àÖÒ-àÖË-:<br />
ÓÅÀÍ. ← ßæÒ-/àÅÄÒ-.<br />
ÓÀÄÒÈÏØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ *ßÖÒ-×ÖÞÄÓ Ã Ä Í É Ó, Ñ Ï Í É Ó ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀ<br />
ÖÍÃÀ äØÏÍÏÃÀ.<br />
12. ÞÅ. ØÀÒÈ. ÂÒÖÆ-É/ÂÒÏÆ-É `áÛÉÒÉ", Àá. ØÀÒÈ. ÂÒÖÆÀ `áÛÉÒÉ<br />
ÃÀ áÖàÖàÉ (ÈÌÀ)", (ÈÖÛ.) ÂÒÖÆ-Àè-É `áÖàÖàÈÌÉÀÍÉ", (ÈÖÛ.) ÂÅÒÄÆÀ-<br />
Î `ÃÀáÖàÖàÄÁÀ", ÃÀ-ÂÅÒÄÆ-ÉË-É `áÛÉÒÉ ÈÌÀ"; ÛÃÒ. (ØÉÆÉÚ.) ÂÖÒã-ÀË-<br />
É `ÂÀÃÀáÅÄÖËÉ ÌÀÔÚËÉ ÀÍ ÁÀÌÁÀ ÀÍ ÁÖÌÁÖËÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ÂæÉÒ{É}Æ `ÂÒÀÂ-<br />
ÍÉËÉ, áÅÄÖËÀ", ËÉ-ÂæÒÉÆ-É `ÃÀÂÒÀÂÍÀ, ÃÀáÅÄÅÀ", ËÄ-ÂæÒÉÆ-É `ÃÀ-<br />
ÓÀÂÒÀÂÍÉ, ÃÀÓÀáÅÄÅÉ".<br />
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÂÒÖÆ- `ÂÒÀÂÍÀ, áÅÄÅÀ, ÃÀáÖàÖàÄÁÀ"; ØÀÒÈ. ÂÒÖÆÀ :<br />
ÓÅÀÍ. *ÂæÉÒ{É}Æ/ÂæÒÉÆ- ← *ÂÖÒÆ- ← *ÂÒÖÆ-.<br />
ØÀÒÈÖË-ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÓ ÀÄÒÈÉÀÍÄÁÓ Ã À Â Ò À Â Í É Ó, Ã À á Å<br />
Ä Å É Ó, à À á Ö à Ö à Ä Á É Ó ÓÀÄÒÈÏ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀ. ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÂÀÃÀßÄÅÀ<br />
ÌÉÍÉÌÀËÖÒÉÀ.<br />
13. ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ). ÜÏÒÏÌÀ `ÃÉÃÉ ÌÏÝÖËÏÁÉÓ (ÅÄÄÁÄÒÈÄËÀ) ÓÀ-<br />
ÓÌÉÓÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ÜÀÒðÍ-É `ÃÉÃÉ ÌÏÝÖËÏÁÉÓ àÖÒàÄËÉ", ÛÃÒ. ØÀÒÈ. ÜÀ-<br />
ÒÀ `ÊÀÈáÀÓÀÅÉÈ ÓÀÓÌÉÓÉÀ ÚÖÒÉÀÍÉ" (ÓÀÁÀ).<br />
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÜÀÒÀÍ- → ÌÄÂÒ. ÜÏÒÏÌ-À ← *ÜÏÒÏÍ- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÜÀÒðÍ-É<br />
68<br />
← *ÜÀÒÀÍ-.<br />
ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ ÌÏÓÀËÏÃÍÄËÉ ÉÚÏ *ÝÀÒÀÍ- ×ÏÒÌÀ.<br />
áÌÏÅÀÍÈÛÄÓÀÔÚÅÉÓÏÁÀ ÏÒÉÅÄ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÀÛÉ ÃÀÝÖËÉÀ, áÏ-<br />
ËÏ ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ ÆÀÍÖÒÉ ×ÏÒÌÉÓ ÀÖÓËÀÖÔÛÉ ÂÀÌÏÅËÄÍÉË Ì-Ó, ÉÂÉ Í-Ó<br />
×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÉÀ.<br />
ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖË-ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀ ÊÀÍÏÍÆÏÌÉÄÒÉÀ.<br />
14. ØÀÒÈ. ÓáÅÉÒÐ-Ë-|ÓáÕÒÐ-Ë-, ÓáÕÒÐ-Ë-Å-À `ÔÀÍÈ ÌÖßÖÊÈ<br />
ÓáÌÀ” (ÓÀÁÀ), ØÉÆÉÚ. ÓáÒÖÐ-ÄË-É `ÙÖÃÖÃÉ, ÐÀÔÀÒÀ ÌÖßÖÊÉ" : ÆÀÍ.<br />
ÜáÖÐ-ÖÒ-É `ÌÖßÖÊÉ", Ï-ÜáÖÐ-ÖÒ-Ö|ÜáÖÐ-ÖÒ-Ö-À `ÔÀÍÆÄ ÌÖßÖÊÄÁÉÓ<br />
ÂÀÌÏÚÒÀ", ÜáÖÐ-ÖÒ-ÄË-É `ÃÀßÄÒÔÉËÉ, ÂÀÌÏÚÒÉËÉ" (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ) : ÓÅÀÍ.<br />
ÛáÀÒÐ-{À}Ë-ð|ÛáÀÒÐ-ÀÔ-ð `àÒÄËÉ ØÓÏÅÉËÉ, ÓÀØÏÍÄËÉ".<br />
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÝáæÉ<br />
æÉÒÐ-(ÀË-)|*ÝáÖÒÐ-(ÀË-) `ÌÖßÖÊÉ, ÌÖßÖÊÈ ÂÀÌÏ-<br />
ÚÒÀ; àÒÄËÉ" → ØÀÒÈ. ÓáÕÒÐË-|ÓáÅÉÒÐ-Ë-, ÓáÒÖÐ-ÄË-É : ÆÀÍ. ÜáÖÐ-<br />
ÖÒ-É, ÜáÖÐ-ÖÒ- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÛáÀÒÐ- ← *ÜáæÀÒÐ-.<br />
ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀ ÃÉÃÀà ÀÒ ÓáÅÀÏÁÓ ØÀÒÈÖË-ÆÀÍÖÒÉÓÀÂÀÍ.<br />
15. ØÀÒÈ. (ØÀÒÈË.) ÚÖÒÖÈ-É `ÂÀÌáÌÀÒÉ ÃÏÓ ÂÖÍÃÀ". ÛÃÒ.<br />
(ÒÀà.) ãÖÒÔ-É `ÌÀßÅÍÉÓ ÌÓÂÀÅÓÉ ÛÄàÀÌÀÃÉ" ÃÀ ÍÀáÖÒÉ ÄÍÄÁÉÃÀÍ ÍÀÓÄÓáÄÁÉ<br />
(áÄÅÓ., ×Û., ÌÈÉÖË., ÂÖÃÀ.-ÌÀÚÒ., ÈÖÛ., ÂÀÒÄÊÀá.) ÊÀËÔ-É `áÀàÏ,<br />
áÀàÏÓ ÊÅÄÒÉ; ÍÀÃÖÙÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ÚÖÒðÛà `áÀàÏ; ÍÀÃÖÙÉ".<br />
Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÚÖÒÖÈ- `ÂÀÌáÌÀÒÉ ÃÏÓ ÂÖÍÃÀ; áÀàÏ, ÍÀÃÖÙÉ";<br />
ØÀÒÈ. ÚÖÒÖÈ-É : ÓÅÀÍ. ÚÖÒðÛà ← *ÚÖÒÄÛÃ- ← *ÚÖÒæÄÛÃ- ← *ÚÖÒÖÈ-.<br />
ØÀÒÈÖË-ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÓ ÀÄÒÈÉÀÍÄÁÓ á À à Ï Ó, Í À Ã Ö Ù É Ó,<br />
Ã Ï Ó ÓÀÄÒÈÏ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀ.<br />
n a r g i z a s u r m a v a<br />
xmova<br />
vani Cana<br />
nawe<br />
weris transkrif<br />
skrifcia qarTul<br />
dialeq<br />
leqtur korpus<br />
pusSi<br />
1. dialeqturi korpusis momzadebis procesSi mniSvnelovan<br />
etaps warmoadgens saTanado Camweri aparaturis gamoKenebiT<br />
masalebis velze mopoveba, maTi audio da video failebad<br />
qceva da maTTvis Sesabamisi werilobiTi formis micema anu dialeqturi<br />
teqstebis krebulis eleqtronuli versiis Seqmna.<br />
69
2. cnobilia, rom samwerlobo enisagan gansxvavebiT, dialeqturi<br />
diskursi warmoadgens kvantebis, pulsaciebisa da biZgebis<br />
erTobliobas, ris gamoc misi segmentacia, winadadebebad,<br />
teqstad gardasaxva sakmao siZneleebTan aris dakavSirebuli.<br />
dialeqturi Canaweris gaSifrvis Sedegad viGebT teqsts,<br />
romlisTvisac Cveulebrivia: eqspresiul-emociuri konstruqciebi,<br />
elipsuri konstruqciebi, gaxleCili winadadebebi, falstartebi<br />
anu azris CamoKalibebis procesSi sastarto sitKvebze<br />
uaris Tqma, Sesabamisi sitKvis moZiebamde misi Camnacvalebeli<br />
sitKvebis (isi, imano, iseme...) gamoKeneba da a.S.<br />
martivi rodia teqstis ise miwodeba, rom advilad da<br />
sworad aGsaqmeli iKos da, imavdroulad, _ xmovani Canaweris<br />
adekvaturi, SesaZleblobis farglebSi. am mxriv mniSvnelovania<br />
teqstis sworad danawevreba abzacebad, dialogebis gamoKofa<br />
da saamisod modelis SemuSaveba, pauzebis aGniSvna. diskursebis<br />
transkrifciisas KuradGebas amaxvileben pauzis markeris<br />
SemuSavebaze, radgan zepiri metKvelebisaTvis niSandoblivia<br />
sxvadasxva grZliobis pauzebi. teqstebis unificirebisaTvis aucilebelia<br />
Cvenive SemuSavebuli wesebis Tanmimdevruli gatareba.<br />
3. audio da video Canawerebis transkrifciis SemuSavebisas<br />
gamodian korpusis anotirebis xasiaTidan. Tu korpusi<br />
strategiulad orientirebulia morfologiursa an sintaqsur<br />
aGweraze _ anotirebaze, Grma fonetikuri transkrifciuli<br />
Cawera ar xdeba. Cvens korpusSi miGebulia gamartivebuli<br />
transkrifciuli Cawera qarTuli anbanis bazaze, tradiciuli<br />
punqtuaciuri sistemis meSveobiT. risTvisac gamoKenebuli<br />
gvaqvs 38 aso-–niSani, xmovnebi _ grZliobis, umlautis, siviwrovis,<br />
maxvilis niSnebiT.<br />
4. teqstis xmovan CanawerTan dasaaxloeblad mivmarTavT<br />
prosodiul aGniSvnebs. klitikebs (enklitikebsa da proklitikebs),<br />
romelnic xSirad meordebian, aGvniSnavT saTanado niSniT<br />
À (mo…desØna, axlaØom, arØali, kØar...).<br />
xolo garkveul SemTxvevebSi intonaciis markirebisaTvis<br />
gamoviKenebT maxvils. ase magaliTad, maxviliT aGvniSnavT to-<br />
70<br />
nalobiT gamoKofil marcvals: a) CamoTvlisas, b) damokidebuli<br />
winadadebis (Tema-remuli dapirispireba) bolos, g) da nawilakis<br />
bolos, d) zogierTi tipis kiTxviT winadadebaSi.<br />
nimuSebi:<br />
`da Suqrim mo…da da miTxra: _ yo, venera meCxubeba,<br />
raØda vqnao? vuTxar: _ yo, blaKvi xar da imitom, kaci rom da-<br />
Treb¢, qals zrugi ki arØda muuSviro, xandixan gulic muuSvire,<br />
rom Segargos Seni daTroma-meTqi.~<br />
`ise, igi iKo... da Turme ase dad¢s da rom mivediT, dedaCemma<br />
lampa aanTo, hoda, ii qna, ra qvian... Turme iq ambavi<br />
CevidaØrume: _ kaciyamia xalxi Camodiso, mohKaveno.. da _ ra<br />
qnas axla? g¡ars _ Grr.. Grinavs, gamears _ Grr.. Grinavs!~<br />
5. prosodiuli aGniSvnebi zogJer asrulebs damatebiT,<br />
omonimiis moxsnis, funqcias. ase magaliTad, ayarul teqstebSi<br />
xSirad gvxvdeba da, romelic SeiZleba iKos: a) kavSiri, b) un-<br />
da zmnis nawili, razec miTiTebas vaGwevT apostrofis niSnis<br />
meSveobiT _ mo…desØda, g) nawilaki. am dros aGniSnuli nawilakis<br />
a xmovani Cveulebriv maxvilis matarebelia da amas dawerilobiT<br />
gamovxatavT amgvarad _ mo…desØdÿ!<br />
zemoayarulSi kiTxviTi nawilaki o (
m u r m a n s u x i S v i l i<br />
pirda<br />
dapi<br />
piri dama<br />
mate<br />
tebis saki<br />
kiTxi Zveli<br />
qarTul<br />
Tulis rTul zmnebSi<br />
Zveli qarTuli enis gramatikis kursSi a. SaniZe Camo-<br />
Tvlis ramdenime erTvalentian zmnas, romelTac brunvacvalebadi<br />
qvemdebare SeewKobaT (iv<br />
ivnebs<br />
k a c i _ ivno<br />
k a c m a n ,<br />
daiZi<br />
Zinebs<br />
i g i _ daiZi<br />
Zina<br />
m a n ; ixare<br />
rebs<br />
m a m a _ ixara<br />
m a -<br />
m a m a n...) da SeniSnavs: aseT zmnebs SeiZleba pirobiT naxevrad<br />
gardamavali vuwodoTo. amgvari pirobiTobis daSvebiT irGveva<br />
gardamavlobis, rogorc sintaqsuri kategoriis, gansazGvris<br />
Tanmimdevruloba, romelic CvenSi a. SaniZem daamkvidra da rac<br />
zmnur SesitKvebaSi brunvacvalebad qvemdebaresTan erTad aucileblad<br />
gulisxmobs brunvacvalebadi pirdapiri damatebis<br />
arsebobasac.<br />
amave `naxevrad gardamaval~ zmnaTa rigSi ganixileba zogi<br />
rTuli erT- da orvalentiani zmnac: naTel<br />
Tel-iGo<br />
m a n , na-<br />
Tel-sca<br />
m a n mas, Tav-uKo<br />
m a n mas... romlebic SesitKvebaSi<br />
pirdapir damatebas ar iCenen.<br />
a. SaniZis mier SemoTavazebuli koreqtivi, marTalia,<br />
arGvevs gardamavlobis sintaqsuri kategoriis gansazGvris er-<br />
TmniSvnelovnobas, magram ufro adekvaturad aGwers enis<br />
faqts: brunvacvalebadi qvemdebaris, magram pirdapiri damatebis<br />
armqone ivnebs<br />
i g i _ ivno<br />
m a n da misT. da brunvaucvlelqvemdebariani:<br />
dascxre<br />
scxrebis<br />
i g i _ dascxra<br />
i g i gardmavlobis<br />
TvalsazrisiT identuri ver iqnebian.<br />
gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom a. SaniZis mier dasaxelebuli<br />
`naxevrad gardamavali~ zmnebi da msgavsi sintaqsis zogi<br />
sxva zmnac Zvel qarTulSi pirdapir damatebasac igueben: viv-<br />
noT v n e b a igi misi (sin. 258, 32-33); daiZi<br />
Zines<br />
Z i l i maTi<br />
(fs. 75 a 6); ixara<br />
eg‚pteman g a m o s l v a maTi (fs. 104 a<br />
6)...<br />
rac Seexeba rTul zmnebs, am zmnaTa warmoeba, Semadgene-<br />
72<br />
li saxeluri da zmnuri komponentebi, maTi raoba da struqtura,<br />
uGleba, saTanado gramatikuli kategoriebi da a. S.<br />
Zvel qarTulSi sakmaod dawvrilebiTaa Seswavlili (e. babunaSvili,<br />
y. TevzaZe, i. imnaiSvili, e. osiZe, a. SaniZe, z. sarJvela-<br />
Ze, k. danelia, T. vaSakiZe...).<br />
ordinaruli rTuli zmna SeiZleba gardamavalic iKos<br />
(SesitKvebaSi pirdapir damatebas afiqsirebdes): wminda<br />
da-Ko<br />
man<br />
igi, Seuracx<br />
racx-Ko<br />
man igi... da gardauvalic: sircx‚l-uCs<br />
mas<br />
igi, ƒel-ewi<br />
ewife<br />
febis<br />
mas igi... _ rTuli zmnis saxelur komponentad<br />
warmodgenilia zedsarTavi saxeli, mimGeoba, zmnizeda, sa-<br />
Tanado rTul (gardamaval da gardauval) zmnaTa pirianoba<br />
sruladaa realizebuli.<br />
gansxvavebuli viTareba gvaqvs im SemTxvevebSi, roca<br />
rTul zmnebSi gardmavali da gardauvali zmnuri komponentebis<br />
win arsebiTi saxeli an sawKisi dgas; aseT rTul zmnebs SesitKvebaSi<br />
ZiriTadad ar uCanT pirdapiri damateba (Tu zmna<br />
gardamavalia): GaGad-Ko<br />
man, Tval-uKo<br />
man mas, naTel<br />
Tel-sca<br />
man<br />
mas, lxine<br />
neba<br />
ba-Ko<br />
man... da qvemdebare (Tu zmna gardauvalia):<br />
ƒel-ewi<br />
ewife<br />
febis<br />
mas, sircx‚l uCs mas, Zal-uc<br />
mas...<br />
gamonaklisebi, roca dasaxelebuli struqturis (arsebi-<br />
Ti sax; / sawKisi + zmna) rTul zmnebs (gardamavals Tu gardauvals)<br />
naklulTan erTad sruli SesitKvebac, an mxolod sruli<br />
SesitKveba udasturdebaT, srul da arasrul SesitKvebaTa<br />
uwinaresoba _ Semdgomadobis sakiTxs wamoyrian:<br />
ƒel-vKav<br />
aGvsebad / ƒel-Kves<br />
g a m o c d a misi; uvar-<br />
Ko sara da Tqua / varsqen uvar-Ko<br />
yeSmariti G m e r T i; Zie-<br />
ba-Ko<br />
gulmodgined / Zieba<br />
ba-vKo<br />
s i s x l i misi; Zal-gic<br />
mitevebad<br />
codvaTa / Zal-mic<br />
g a r d a s l v a sitKvasa uflisasa...<br />
am mniSvnelovani diaqroniuli sakiTxis nebismieri<br />
gadawKvetis SemTxvevaSi asaxsneli rCeba principi, romelic apirobebs<br />
sintaqsuri erTeulis, gardamavali zmnis SemTxvevaSi,<br />
pirdapiri damatebis erTgvar funqciur monacvleobas wrfelobiTSi<br />
dasmul derivaciuli funqciiT aGyurvil identur<br />
73
fuZesTan rTul zmnaSi:<br />
Ko m a n s i t K u a / sitKua _ sitKua-Ko<br />
Ko m a n<br />
gardamavali obieqturi intenciis zmna rTul SenaerTSi<br />
pirdapiri damatebis funqciiT warmodgenil fuZesTan odensubieqtur<br />
SesitKveebad warmogvidgeba.<br />
analogiisaTvis Sdr. gardamaval zmnasTan namKoSi moqmedebiTi<br />
gvaris `subieqturi~ mimGeobis aGweriTi warmoeba:<br />
namKo drois saobieqto (vnebiTi gvaris) mimGeobis amowvdi<br />
wvdili<br />
(xmali) win daismis pirdapiri obieqtis gauformebelui fuZe<br />
da es rTuli warmoeba funqciurad gardamavali zmnis subieqtur<br />
mimGeobad, moqmedebiTi gvaris mimGeobad gvevlineba: xmalamowvdili<br />
`vinc xmali amoiwvada~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1950; e.<br />
osiZe, 1957).<br />
T e a t e t e l o S v i l i<br />
erTpi<br />
Tpiri<br />
riani vnebi<br />
biTis zog forma<br />
maTa umarTe<br />
Tebu<br />
bulo<br />
gamoKene<br />
enebis gamo<br />
Tanamedrove qarTulis zepir metKvelebaSi gaCnda tendencia<br />
erTpiriani vnebiTis zog formaTa araswori gamoKenebisa.<br />
es is erTpiriani vnebiTebia, romelTa umravlesobas unari<br />
aqvs subieqtad adamianic moiazros da nivTic. swored es aris<br />
erT-erTi mizezi imisa, rom maSin, roca mosaubreebma, konteqstidan<br />
gamomdinare, nivTis gamomxatveli subieqtis SesatKvisi<br />
vnebiTi gvaris forma unda gamoiKenon, xSirad SecdomiT iseT<br />
zmnas xmaroben, romelic subieqtad adamians gulisxmobs. mniSvnelovania,<br />
rom calke aGebuli es formebi gramatikulad sworia,<br />
magram konteqstTan mimarTebiT _ semantikurad umarTebuloa<br />
mosaubre subieqtis SeuTavseblobis gamo.<br />
amgvari umarTebulo zmnuri formebia, magaliTad: vkon-<br />
kretde<br />
debi<br />
(me), vmeor<br />
orde<br />
debi<br />
(me), vfiqsir<br />
sirde<br />
debi<br />
(me) da sxv., miT<br />
74<br />
umetes, rom mosaubreebi gulisxmoben xolme maT mier raGacis<br />
dakon<br />
konkre<br />
krete<br />
tebas<br />
bas, game<br />
meore<br />
rebas<br />
bas, dafiq<br />
fiqsi<br />
sire<br />
rebas<br />
da a.S.<br />
a<br />
maga<br />
gali<br />
liTe<br />
Tebi<br />
bi:<br />
...sxva kanonsawinaaGmdego qmedebebze ar davkon<br />
vkonkret<br />
kretde<br />
debi<br />
bi;<br />
isev gavme<br />
vmeor<br />
orde<br />
debi<br />
bi...<br />
da a.S.<br />
zemomoKvanil magaliTebSi davkon<br />
vkonkret<br />
kretde<br />
debis<br />
nacvlad unda<br />
iKos dava<br />
vakon<br />
konkre<br />
kreteb<br />
teb, gavme<br />
vmeor<br />
orde<br />
debis<br />
nacvlad _ gavi<br />
vime<br />
meoreb<br />
da a. S.<br />
mTqmelebi pasivSi aqtivis araswor konversias axdenen: aq-<br />
tivis<br />
subi<br />
bieqts<br />
pasiv<br />
sivSic<br />
subi<br />
bieq<br />
eqtad<br />
tove<br />
veben<br />
ben, rac umarTe<br />
Tebu<br />
bu-<br />
loa. unda iKos mag., kanonsawinaaGmdego qmedebebi ar dakon<br />
kon-<br />
kretde<br />
deba<br />
(Cem mier) (pa<br />
pasi<br />
sivi<br />
vi); an kanonsawinaaGmdego qmedebebs<br />
ar dava<br />
vakon<br />
konkre<br />
kreteb<br />
(aq<br />
aqti<br />
tivi<br />
vi).<br />
saKuradGeboa, rom, rogorc zemoT aGvniSneT, erTi da<br />
igive forma sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba swori an araswori<br />
iKos.<br />
maga<br />
gali<br />
liTad<br />
Tad:<br />
axalgazrdebi, rogorc mkvlevrebi, didi xania vKalibde<br />
de-<br />
biT batoni Tedos daxmarebiT (marTebulia).<br />
me am sakiTxze ar CamovKalibde<br />
debi<br />
(umarTebulo).<br />
erTpiriani pasivis formaTa umarTebulo xmarebis msgavsi<br />
SemTxvevebi arcTu iSviaTad gvxvdeba presisa da televiziis<br />
enaSi. es ki maTi gavrcelebis mizezad SeiZleba iqces. amitomac,<br />
Cveni azriT, sasurvelia, am axlad gaCenili tendenciis<br />
uarKofa da KuradGebis gamaxvileba gramatikulad da semantikurad<br />
gamarTul formaTa gamoKenebaze.<br />
75
T e d o u T u r g a i Z e<br />
qvemde<br />
deba<br />
bare<br />
re-da<br />
dama<br />
mate<br />
tebis saki<br />
kiTxe<br />
Txebi III seri<br />
riis<br />
is<br />
zmniT gamoxa<br />
xatul Semas<br />
masme<br />
menel<br />
nelTan<br />
(aq<br />
aqti<br />
tive<br />
vebi da medi<br />
dioaq<br />
aqti<br />
tive<br />
vebi<br />
bi)<br />
III seriis zmnaTa formebi, miuxedavad koneqciuri kategoriebis<br />
saxeobaTa gansxvavebisa, orientirebuli arian Sedegze<br />
da xasiaTdebian perfeqtulobiT.<br />
III seriis formebi gvian CamoKalibebulad aris miCneuli.<br />
enaSi maTi roli TandaTanobiT izrdeba: Zveli qarTulis teqstebSi<br />
isini iSviaTad gvxvdebian, Tanamedrove qarTulSi ki sakmaod<br />
xSirad ixmarebian.<br />
cnobilia, rom aqtivTa formebi III seriaSi igeba statikur<br />
vnebiTTa modeliT. gansxvavebuli interpretacia eZleva am<br />
modelis dinamizacias: zogadad erTi TvalsazrisiT x d e b a<br />
p i r T a i n v e r s i a: aqtantebi maTi rolis mixedviT ver<br />
iGeben Sesabamis niSnebs, romlebic bunebrivad warmodgenilia I<br />
da II seriebSi, konkretulad: (a) statikuri vnebiTis modelSi<br />
warmodgenili subieqti da iribi obieqti ucvlelad gadadis<br />
aqtivTa III seriaSi, oGond aqtantTa statusi aqtivTa paradigmaSi<br />
ganisazGvreba maTi funqciis mixedviT, ris Sedegadac xdeba<br />
niSanTa inversia: moqmeds<br />
g a m o x a t a v s o b i e q t i s<br />
n i S a n i da piriqiT, samoq<br />
moqme<br />
medo aqtan<br />
tants _ s u b i e q t i s<br />
n i S a n i . (b) inversiis meore TeoriiT dinamizaciis procesSi<br />
statikuri vnebiTis subieqti aqtivSi Canacvlebulia pirdapiri<br />
obieqtiT. es aris aqtivebSi inversiis zemoT miTiTebuli (a)<br />
Teoriis naklis gamosworebis cda _ aqtivis paradigmaSi Semovida<br />
pirdapiri damateba, romlis gareSec, ra Tqma unda, es<br />
formebi aqtivad ver CaiTvleboda.<br />
meore TvalsazrisSi, sadac isev q m e d e b a S i m o n a -<br />
w i l e o b i s m i x e d v i T aqtivizaciis procesSi subieqti<br />
xdeba pirdapiri damateba, xolo iribi obieqti _ subieqti, ar<br />
aris miTiTeba am procesis gamomwvev mizezebze da arc niSanTa<br />
76<br />
Senacvlebis (inversiis) damokidebulebaze im viTarebasTan, romelmac<br />
gamoiwvia es Senacvleba.<br />
Tu aqtantTa subieqtad da obieqtad daJgufebis kriteriumad<br />
miviCnevT aqtantTa mier iniciativis qona-arqonas, pirvelad<br />
da meored kauzativebSi subi<br />
bieq<br />
eqti moqme<br />
qmede<br />
debis Semsru<br />
msru-<br />
lebe<br />
beli<br />
(pirvelad kauzativebSi _ pirdapiri obieqti, meorad<br />
kauzativebSi _ iribi obieqti) ki ar iqne<br />
neba<br />
ba, aramed _ inici<br />
cia-<br />
tori<br />
ri, v i n c q m e d e b a d a G Z r a v s p i r d a p i r i da<br />
i r i b i o b i e q t e b i s n i S n e b i T w a r m o d g e n i l<br />
a q t a n t e b s.<br />
rac Seexeba, statikur vnebiTebsa da orpirian mediopasivebs,<br />
isini Tavisi bunebiT perfeqtuli formebia _ warsuli<br />
qmedebis Sedegs gviCveneben awmKoSi (mikavia is, miyiravs is, miweria<br />
is...), aq Sedegia iniciatoris rolSi, ris gamoc subieqtis<br />
niSans iGebs, iribi obieqti (me<br />
mikavia, me miyiravs, me miweria...)<br />
mxolod Semsrulebelia qmedebisa, rogorc meorad kauzativebSi,<br />
sadac subieqti SeiZleba samoqmedoc ki iKos (is<br />
ecemina mas): mTava<br />
varia qmede<br />
debis inici<br />
ciato<br />
toro<br />
roba imisTvis<br />
Tvis, rom<br />
aqtant<br />
tantma subi<br />
bieq<br />
eqtis niSa<br />
Sani miiGos. qmede<br />
debis Semsru<br />
msrule<br />
lebe<br />
beli<br />
ecemi<br />
mina<br />
f o r m a S i i r i b i o b i e q t i a , i n i c i a t o -<br />
r i (Tumca samoqmedo) ki _ subieqti.<br />
aqtivTa III seriis formebSic s t a t i k u r v n e b i T -<br />
T a m o d e l i T g a d a d i s o r i e n t a c i a w a r s u -<br />
l i q m e d e b i s S e d e g z e da es Sedegi, romelic I da II<br />
seriebis pirdapiri obieqtiT xdeba sacnauri, subieqtis statuss<br />
iGebs aqac da, bunebrivia, saTanado niSansac is iCens.<br />
d a m i w e r i a formaSi m i w e r i a formis aqtivacia<br />
moxda gezis zmniswinTa darTviT (gad<br />
gadamiweria, Camiweria...), Sedegze<br />
orientacia modelSi SenarCunebuli iqna da subieqtis<br />
niSanic aq aqtantma miiGo, Sesabamisad saxelobiT brunvaSi<br />
qvemdebarea warmodgenili, micemiTSi _ Semsrulebeli pirdapiri<br />
damateba, e. i. moxda ara inversia, aramed enaSi moqmedi<br />
saKovelTao wesis realizacia: iniciatori subieqtis niSniT<br />
aGiniSna (perfeqtul formebSi es warsuli qmedebis Sedegia),<br />
77
qmedebis Semsrulebeli ki im obieqtis niSniT, romelic Semasmenels<br />
gadmohKva I seriidan. moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebs iribi<br />
obieqti ar gadahKveba III seriaSi, radgan es seria Sedegzea<br />
orientirebuli.<br />
medioaqtiuri zmnebi erTpirianebicaa da orpirianebic.<br />
isini aqtivTa formawarmoebis models iKeneben, ris gamoc iribi<br />
obieqti ar gadahKveba III seriaSi. formaSi mxolod Semsrulebeli<br />
aqtanti rCeba pirad (miKaraulia saxlisTvis, midara-<br />
Jia ezosTvis, mieqimia davrdomilTaTvis...). formebSi, garda am<br />
markirebuli realuri aqtantisa (me miKaraulia...), m<br />
aris subieqtis<br />
niSanic (miKaraulia), romlis Sesabamisi aqtanti Semasmenels<br />
ar moepoveba pirad. aseTi Semasmenlebi uqvemdebaroa, iseve<br />
rogorc m Z i n a v s da m c i v a tipis Semasmenlebi.<br />
nentis Secvla rotacizmis wesiT megrulSi moqmedi fonotaqtikis<br />
sxva wesis<br />
analogiad CavTvaloT.<br />
ar aris gamoricxuli megrulSi moqmedi rotacizmis tendenciis<br />
Careva _ fonetikuri tendenciebis moqmedeba arasamwerlo<br />
enebis sivrceSi SeuzGudavia.<br />
ra SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rodesac fonotaqtikis wesi er-<br />
Ti morfemis farglebSi irGveva. is, rom mocemul fonemaTa<br />
SeerTeba kanonikuri sqemis gareT darCa, Tu SesaZlebelia vivaraudoT,<br />
rom pirveli komponentis Secvla rotaciis gziT analogiaa,<br />
romelic arakanonikuri Jgufis pirveli komponentis<br />
Secvlas gulisxmobs. ar aris gamoricxuli rotacizmis Zlieri<br />
tendenciis Careva, vinaidan fonetikuri tendenciebis moqmedeba<br />
arasamwerlo enebis sivrceSi SeuzGudavia.<br />
n a T e l a q u T e l i a<br />
irGveva<br />
va Tu ara fone<br />
nema<br />
maTa Seer<br />
erTe<br />
Tebis<br />
sintag<br />
tagma<br />
matu<br />
turi kanon<br />
nonzo<br />
zomi<br />
miere<br />
reba<br />
bani<br />
magaliTebi cxadKofen, rom KovelTvis ar realizdeba<br />
fonemaTa SeerTebis sintagmaturi kanonzomierebani.<br />
ismis kiTxva, ratom arGvevs fono<br />
notaq<br />
taqti<br />
tika<br />
ka, romelic er-<br />
Ti mxriv fonemaTa Segueba-Seugueblobis garkveul wesebs<br />
emKareba, xolo meore mxriv, enis Sinagani organizaciiT aris<br />
nakarnaxevi da realurad arsebuli struqturebSi vlindeba,<br />
Tavissave gamomuSavebul wess.<br />
aseT darGvevasTan gvaqvs saqme megrulSi harmoniul kompleqsTa<br />
B sistemis labio-velarul aspirirebul JgufSi: megrulisaTvis<br />
kanonikuri fx>rx<br />
rx.<br />
ra SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rodesac fonotaqtikis wesi er-<br />
Ti morfemis farglebSi irGveva? is rom fonemaTa SeerTeba kanonikuri<br />
sqemis gareT darCa, Tu SesaZlebelia pirveli kompo-<br />
78<br />
v a j a S e n g e l i a<br />
fragmen<br />
mente<br />
tebi<br />
mogo<br />
gone<br />
nebi<br />
bidan akade<br />
demi<br />
mikos<br />
<strong>arnold</strong> Ciqo<br />
qoba<br />
bava<br />
vaze<br />
ze. XXIII_XXVIII<br />
XXVIII<br />
23. arn. Ciqobava Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi<br />
swavlobda 1918-1922 wlebSi. misi Tanakurselebi, sxvebTan er-<br />
Tad, Kofilan adamianebi, romlebsac umaGlesi ganaTleba ruseTsa<br />
Tu evropis qveKnebSi hqondaT miGebuli, magram qarTul<br />
enaze leqciebis mosmenis survili imdenad didi iKo, rom Cveni<br />
universitetis msmenelebi gamxdaran. erTi maTgani iKo Tamar<br />
lomouri, cnobili qarTveli mwerlis niko lomouris qaliSvili,<br />
numizmatikuri mecnierebis fuZemdebeli saqarTveloSi,<br />
SemdgomSi _ `qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis~ mTavari<br />
redaqciis wevri.<br />
qarTlSi erT-erTi mivlinebis dros T. lomours Tanakurselebi<br />
_ arn. Ciqobava da v. Tofuria, saxlSi miuwvevia.<br />
sufra niko lomouris meuGles gauSlia...<br />
79
24. prof. a. SaniZes gadauwKvetia: v. Tofuria qarTlSi<br />
unda wavides mivlinebiT, arn. Ciqobava _ mTiuleTSio...<br />
maSin b-ni <strong>arnold</strong>i universitetTan axlos cxovrobda,<br />
patara naqiravebi oTaxi ekava iq, sadac axla samkurnalo kombinati<br />
mdebareobs... dilas im adgils miakiTxa (daaxloebiT axlandeli<br />
sportis sasaxlis teritoriaze), sadac Cveulebriv<br />
meurmeebi ikribebodnen, soflebidan Camosuli adamianebi, romlebmac<br />
raGac gaKides da ukan apirebdnen gamgzavrebas...<br />
pirvelad nabdisqudianebi gamoelaparaknen: sam saaTSi CagiKvanTo,<br />
uTxres, Tanac Zviri daufases... naTqvami araseriozulad<br />
eCvena. maT rom daSorda, bewvisqudiani mTiulebi gamo-<br />
Cndnen da TavianTi samsaxuri SemosTavazes, Tan uTxres: imaT<br />
(nabdisqudianebs) ar endoT, magaT qriste GmerTs uzangi Saayres!<br />
aseTi gamonaTqvami manamde ar gamegoo, _ GimiliT igonebda<br />
b-ni <strong>arnold</strong>i.<br />
meurmeebma SesTavazes: dilaadrian gavalT, amitom Game<br />
CvenTan gaaTie, Torem ver mogviswrebTo. axlos vcxovrobo<br />
rom uTxra, ar dagagviandeso, daabares...<br />
meore dilas rom mivida, urmebi mariliT daetvirTaT.<br />
marilian tomaraze daJda sxvebTan erTad... maSin samxedro gzaze<br />
KaCaGoba iKo da meurmeebs eSinodaT, amitom ramdenime uremi<br />
erTad midioda...<br />
pirvel dGes mcxeTas gascdnen da Game bulaCaurSi gaaTies...<br />
mesame dGes fasanaurs miaGwies, meoTxe dGes _ qveSeTs...<br />
arn. Ciqobavam mivlinebis baraTi waradgina, romelSic<br />
ewera: esa da es piri saprofesorod mosamzadeblad aris datovebuli<br />
da xeli SeuwKveTo... profesori vegoneT da iqve, duqnis<br />
Tavze gamomiKves patara oTaxio... Semdeg, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis<br />
xelSewKobiT, mTiuleTis ramdenime sofels ewvia...<br />
25. stalins pirveli Sexvedrisas magidaze, `qarTuli<br />
enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis~ pirveli tomi edo, magram ara<br />
is, romelsac misTvis specialurad amzadebdnen (tKavis KdaSi<br />
Casmuls), aramed Cveulebrivi, masobrivi tirajiT gamocemuli...<br />
stalini: Kvela asea gamocemuli?<br />
80<br />
Ciqobava: Kvela, amxanago stalino!<br />
stalini: rigiani gamocemaa... Tqven aq werT, rom bluza<br />
za,<br />
frangulidan aris SeTvisebuli, gana rusulidan ar aris?<br />
Ciqobava: wignSi weria, rom bluza<br />
frangulidan aris<br />
rusuli enis meSveobiT.<br />
stalinma uxmod gadaSala wigni, Caxeda da daxura. saxeze<br />
araviTari emocia! ver gaigebdi, ra naxa leqsikonSi da ra moiwona,<br />
Tu ar moiwona...<br />
kidev ramdenime SekiTxva dasva, isev Seamowma da wigni uxmod<br />
daxura... isev araviTari reaqcia!<br />
Sexvedridan rom modiodnen, respublikis xelmZGvanelma<br />
k. Carkvianma b-n <strong>arnold</strong>s SeSfoTebiT hkiTxa: xom araferi SegeSalaT?<br />
b-ma <strong>arnold</strong>ma upasuxa, rom tomis redaqtoria, ramden-<br />
Jerme aqvs wakiTxuli da Secdoma gamoricxuliao...<br />
26. stalins Tavis did misaGeb oTaxSi ramdenime taxti<br />
edga, romlebzec muTaqebi elaga... omis dros Turme cota<br />
xniT Tu waiZinebda, isic ZiriTadad dGisiT...<br />
arn. Ciqobava: dGe eZina, Game fxizlobda, mTeli qveKana<br />
fxizlad iKo...<br />
27. b-n <strong>arnold</strong>s ar uKvarda mravalsitKvaoba, lakoniuroba<br />
misi stilis damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi Tviseba iKo. amis<br />
damadasturebelia nawKveti rekomendaciidan, romelic 1968<br />
wlis 29 maiss aris dawerili da saTanado piris pirad saqmeSi<br />
inaxeba: `...vaja Sengelias, rogorc axalgazrda specialists,<br />
aqvs dakvirvebis niyi da enobrivi analizis unari; sistemuri<br />
muSaobis Cvevac moepoveba. mTis iberiu-kavkasiur enaTa<br />
ganKofilebaSi misi Caricxva saqmis interesebs Seefereba...~<br />
28. b-n <strong>arnold</strong>Tan TaTbirze viKaviT: q. lomTaTiZe, g.<br />
rogava, al. mahometovi da me. rogorGac sitKva Cemze Camoagdes<br />
da ramdenime Tbili sitKva iTqva. q-ma qeTevanma, sxvaTa Soris,<br />
aGniSna: vaja Kvelas uKvars...<br />
arn. Ciqobava: ara mgonia, ase iKos... magram, Tu Kvelas<br />
uKvars, ar Kofila kargi kaci.<br />
81
e v a z S e r o z i a<br />
qarTv<br />
Tvelu<br />
luri sali<br />
lite<br />
tera<br />
ratu<br />
turo enisa da sulxan<br />
xan-sa<br />
sabas<br />
`sitKvis konis<br />
is~ zogi saki<br />
kiTxi<br />
Txisa<br />
saTvis<br />
1. qarTveluri enobrivi sistemis ZiriTadi varinti, _<br />
qarTveluri saliteraturo ena _ qristianobis gavrcelebamde<br />
bevrad adre rom aris Seqmnili, dGes eyvs ar unda iwvevdes.<br />
amasTan, xazgasmulia is unikaluri faqtic, rom istoriulad<br />
mis `ganviTarebaSi wKveta ar momxdara, axali enobrivi sistema,<br />
anu `axali ena~, ZvelTan mimarTebiT, ar CamoKalibebula~ (avT.<br />
arabuli).<br />
qarTvelurma enobrivma sistemam Tavisi ganviTarebis gzaze<br />
_ garda saliteraturo variantisa _ warmoSva mravalferovani<br />
dialeqturi saxesxvaobani, _ sistemis `SesaZlebloba-<br />
Ta~ (b. foCxua) nairgvari variantuli Jgufebi. maTSi `am `SesaZleblobaTa~<br />
realizaciis Sedegebi saukuneebis manZilze saliteraturo<br />
enaSi akumulirdeboda. es procesi kargad Cans<br />
`vefxistKaosanSi~, ufro naTlad _ sulxan-sabas `sitKvis konaSi~.<br />
2. KuradGebas iqcevs sulxan-sabas mier aramarto Setanili<br />
formebi, aramed maTi ganmartebebic, romlebic saliteraturo<br />
variantisa da dialeqtebis urTierTmimarTebisadmi avtoris<br />
pozicias naTlad warmoaCens.<br />
sitKva-niSanTa ganmartebebisas sulxan-saba xSirad iKenebs<br />
winadadeba-terminebs: `sxvaTa enaa~ (zogJer miTiTebulia, Tu<br />
romeli enidan aris nasesxebi: `berZnuli~,...), `glexurad...~<br />
(`glexuri~ ganmartebulia rogorc `mdabiuri~), `glexni... uwodeben~,<br />
`msoflioni... uwodeben~.<br />
pirvel SemTxvevaSi, cxadia,ucxo ena igulisxmeba:<br />
`aqi<br />
aqimi<br />
sxvaTa enaa,. qarTulad m k u r n a l i hqvian~.<br />
`kuti sxvaTa enaa, qarTulad s a p K a r i hqvian~. sxva redaqciaSi<br />
zogJer wKaro saxeldeba: `es kuti<br />
TaTarTa enaa, jam-<br />
Ta viTarebiT SemouGiaT, qarTulad s a p K a r i a~.<br />
qarTveluri enobrivi samKarodan moxmobili formebi,<br />
82<br />
romlebic sulxan-sabas azriT literaturuli ar aris, ganmartebulia<br />
rogorc `glexuri~ an `msoflioni~:<br />
`ma<br />
maTe<br />
mcire foso glexurad~.<br />
`be<br />
bebia<br />
bia glexni KrmaT amqmels uwodeben~.<br />
`ku<br />
kudu<br />
duri<br />
kudiani, amas msoflioni grZneuls uwodeben...~<br />
iSviaTad, magram zog SemTxvevaSi dakonkretebulia, Tu<br />
romeli kuTxis (dialeqtis) `glexuria~ sitKva:<br />
`das<br />
dasti<br />
yanni k o k a s uƒmoben; saGvinea didi~.<br />
`ko<br />
koxu<br />
xuJi<br />
(ko<br />
koxun<br />
xunJi<br />
Ji) imeruli qalamani~.<br />
`ki<br />
ki, mi, Ke, que (ki<br />
ki, mi, Ke, qve, qe, wen, ken...) eseni<br />
sitKvaTa gemoTa arTronni arian, xolo romelnime imerelni<br />
amaTda nacvlad sitKvaTa Sina atanen: qe, wen; cudi ars da<br />
amao...~<br />
`oJi<br />
oJiJi<br />
bade megrulad. mgrgvali badea qorT Tav(s) dasacmeli~.<br />
`ja<br />
jare<br />
iare mesxurad.<br />
Tumca sulxan-saba asaxelebs mxolod yanebs, megrelebs,<br />
imerlebsa da mesxebs, magram leqsikonSi Setanili aqvs mravali<br />
dialeqturi sitKva-forma. cxadia, rom avtori, marTalia,<br />
upirvelesad saliteraturo enis siwmindes icavda, magram qarTveluri<br />
enobrivi sistemis variantTa masaliT ZiriTadi, saliteraturo<br />
variantis gamdidreba rom aucilebeli iKo, kargad esmoda.<br />
i z a C a n t l a Z e<br />
jur-/ jir-/ jˆr- ZirTa urTi<br />
Tier<br />
erTmi<br />
Tmimar<br />
marTe<br />
Tebi<br />
bisa<br />
saTvis<br />
qarTve<br />
Tvelur enebSi<br />
specialur literaturaSi (Cuxua 2000-2003, gv. 183)<br />
`sisvelisa~ da `wKalobis~ aGmniSvneli svanuri -jir<br />
jir/-jˆr<br />
jˆr- Ziri<br />
dakavSirebulia qarTuli enis fSauri dialeqtis leqsemasTan<br />
zala<br />
(`Kvelis Sesanaxi mariliani, mlaSe wKali; waTxi~), magram<br />
83
is ar dasturdeba Zvel qarTul werilobiT ZeglebSi, rac ar-<br />
Tulebs mis CaTvlas saerToqarTveluri donis monacemad.<br />
sulxan-saba orbelianisTvis zala<br />
igive walaa<br />
(`Saravi,<br />
viTa wKali~), romelic gvxvdeba rogorc Zvel qarTulSi, ise<br />
Tanamedrove qarTul dialeqtebsa da svanurSi `gawKalebuli<br />
Cirqis~ mniSvnelobiT. aqve SeiZleboda gagvxseneboda leqsema<br />
mo-wal<br />
wal-vac (`dasaZmaravi mxaleulis cxel wKalSi moTuTqva~).<br />
am Ziris ugulebelKofa, vfiqrobT, uxerxulia maSin, roca<br />
`sisvelis, siTxis~ aGmniSvnel sitKvaTa etimologiaze vmsJelobT.<br />
wal<br />
nasesxebi unda iKos svanur enaSi Zveli qarTulidanve<br />
(gansxvavebuli TvalsazrisisaTvis ix. Fähnrich 1991, 17) da<br />
gamoiKeneba mxolod lentexur dialeqtSi. aqac da svanuris danarCen<br />
kiloebSic ufro gavrcelebulia imave mniSvnelobis T’r.<br />
Cveni azriT, saanalizo ZirTa Sepirispirebisas aucilebeli<br />
ar aris, amovideT Tanxmovnis maincadamainc sisina variantidan,<br />
radganac Kvela qarTvelur enaSi `sisvelisa~ Tu raime<br />
`siTxis~ aGmniSvnel leqsemebSi swored j fonema figurirebs,<br />
ZiriTadad, sonor bgeraTa da uZveles sufiqsTa garemocvaSi:<br />
q a r T u l i<br />
nij-i (Zv. q.) `cvari, sisvele~; `ni<br />
niji<br />
aris cvaris umciresi<br />
nawili~ (saba); Sdr. jin-jl<br />
jl-v-a, jon-v-a, m-jon<br />
jon-av-i, ga-jon<br />
jon-il-i,<br />
na-jon<br />
jon-i, na-jur<br />
jur-i, jvan-i (qarTl.) `najuri~, jGm-ut-i (Zv. q.).<br />
`wvimis saxeoba~, jGv-ik-i (gur.) `wvimiani amindi~, jin-jGl<br />
jGl-i<br />
(saba) `wvrili Tqori~, jvan-q-i (gur.) `cvari, wveTi~, joq-o<br />
(gur.) `wKalwKala Gvino~, jan-t-i (saba) `mcire ram sisuele~,<br />
ja-tK-i (saba) `wKliani Tovli~, jal-t-am-i (gur.) `TovlyKapi~,<br />
jaj-un-i (qiziK.) `sxma wvimisa, sma Gvinisa~, jgleT-i (imer.,<br />
gur.), jeT-q-i (leCx.) `kokispiruli wvima~, jv-av-i (gur.) `nami,<br />
cvari~, jv-ip-in-i -leCx.) `sisvele~, Sdr. imer. jv-ep-o `siTxis<br />
qafi; ofli~, jvrin-t-i (TuS.), jrin-t-i (mTiul., qiziK.) `wve-<br />
Ti~, jiT-q-i `wvrili wvima~, jm-or-i (ray.) `Tqori~, mo-jr<br />
jr-ob-a<br />
(gur.) `Kvelis amoKvanis Semdeg darCenili siTxis _ svelis<br />
wamoduGeba da Tavze moKenebuli xayosebri masis gawurva~,<br />
jon-t-or-o (gur.) `sveli SeSa~, jrin-v-a (fS.) `CuxCuxi, rakra-<br />
84<br />
ki~, j‘n-t-a- (ingil.) `surdo~, jujG-o (qiziK.) `wKlulis nadeni~,<br />
jujG-n-a (imer.) `uxeirod recxva~...<br />
m e g r u l i<br />
jver-i `sveli, wKliani~, jvar-u-a º jvar-jval<br />
jval-i `wveTeba,<br />
wKlis sxma~, i-jvar<br />
jvar-jval<br />
jval-u-{n} `sveldeba~...<br />
vfiqrobT, rom saerToqarTveluri enis doneze unda<br />
aGvadginoT *jur<br />
jur- Ziri (Sdr. qiziK. jur-i `wveTi~, na-jur<br />
jur-i<br />
`nawveTi, wveT-wveTad gamodenili~; gur. jur-i `saaraKe masala _<br />
roca wKals daamateben, itKvian: juri<br />
mivecio~; ayar-jur<br />
jur-i<br />
`mkvaxe KurZnis wveni~), saidanac svanur enaSi umlautis Sedegad<br />
warmoqmnili delabializaciis procesiTa da reduqciis<br />
(Tofuria, 1931, gv. 155-156; 1979, gv. 167) gziT (*jur<br />
jur+i ><br />
*j‘r<br />
> *j…ir<br />
> jir > jˆr) miviGebdiT Tanamedrove metKvelebaSi<br />
dadasturebul leqsemebs: mˆ-jir<br />
`sveli~, li-jr<br />
jr-e (< lnt.<br />
lˆ-jir<br />
jir-e) `sveleba~, na-m-jir<br />
jir-i `sisvele~, lˆ-jr<br />
jr-e (< lnt. lˆ-<br />
jir-e) `dasvelebuli~, bz. l-n-jir<br />
jir, bq. l-m-jir<br />
`notio adgili;<br />
sawvimari Gari~, na-jr<br />
jr-e (Col. na-jir<br />
jir-e) `odnav sdis~, ma-jˆr<br />
`mowKaleba~, li-j'r-e `wKalobis qmna~, na-l-jˆr<br />
`nawKalobevi~,<br />
Secodebuli~, le-jr<br />
jr-i (< lnt. le-jˆr<br />
jˆr-i) `sawKalobeli, sacodavi;<br />
mˆ-jir<br />
`SemwKalebeli, Semcodebeli~, mˆ-jr<br />
jr-i (< lnt. mˆ-jˆr<br />
jˆr-i)<br />
`mowKale~,... _ rogorc vxedavT, sxvadasxva fonetikuri procesi<br />
(-jir<br />
jir-, erTi mxriv, da -jˆr<br />
jˆr-, meore mxriv) safuZvelia erTi da imave<br />
-jur<br />
ur- Ziris semantikuri diferencirebisa.<br />
qarTvelur enebSi gamovlenili regularuli fonemaTSesatKvisobebis<br />
sistemidan amosvliT zanur-svanurSi mosalodneli<br />
iKo -jG<br />
jG- kompleqsi, miTumetes, Tu SevudarebT erTmaneTs<br />
qarTuli enis aGmosavlur da dasavlur dialeqtTa zog monacems:<br />
TuSur-fSaur-qiziKuri jin-jl<br />
jl-i, erTi mxriv, da guruli<br />
jin-jGl<br />
jGl-i, meore mxriv (`wvrili wvima~); TuSuri jvrin-t-i,<br />
mTiul-qiziKuri jrin-t-i, erTi mxriv, da qarTluri jGin-t-i,<br />
meore mxriv (`wKlis wveTi~). sagulisxmoa, rom svanuri enis<br />
erT-erT dialeqtSi swored mTiulur-qiziKuri formaa Sesuli<br />
(Sdr. lSx. jrint `wveTi, Klupi~). iqve gvaqvs -jG<br />
jG- kompleqsis<br />
Semcveli monacemic (lSx. jGer `TqeSi~). es ukanaskneli leCxu-<br />
85
mur dialeqtSic gamoiKeneba `Zlieri wvimis~ aGsaniSnavad, rac<br />
svanuris (laSxuris) anareklia. logikurad sulac ar iqneba<br />
gasakviri, rom saanalizo formebisaTvis (-jir<br />
jir-, -jˆr<br />
ˆr-, -jGer<br />
jGer-)<br />
sakuTriv svanurSi amosavlad vivaraudoT *-jGur<br />
jGur-, romelSic<br />
TandaTanobiT daiSala bgeraTkompleqsi. leqsemebi, romlebic<br />
gadmogvcemen `sisvelisa~ da `wKaloba > Secodebis~ semantikas,<br />
SeiZleboda migveGo rogorc -jur<br />
jur-, ise -jer<br />
jer- Ziridan, Tu megrul<br />
masalasac gaviTvaliswinebT. es ki imas niSnavs, rom saer-<br />
ToqarTveluri enis donezeve am ZirSi unda davuSvaT -u/exmovanTmonacvleoba.<br />
qarTvelur enebSi dGesac SeiniSneba bgeraTkompleqsebis<br />
gamartivebis procesi:<br />
guruli: jGvep-i > Gvep-i > Gvip-i > Kvip-i (`odnav wvimiani,<br />
nisliani amindi~);<br />
svanuri: li-jGam<br />
jGam-ur<br />
ur-’l<br />
> *li<br />
li-jam<br />
jam-ur<br />
ur-’l > li-j…m<br />
…m-ur<br />
ur-’l<br />
(`jGavili > aSliloba, areuloba~);<br />
svanuri (bq., lnt.): bjGer (`Cvili, Krma~), imer.-gur.-<br />
leCx. bjGarti<br />
> bGarti<br />
ti, ay. bGaSti<br />
(`bartKi, bavSvi, Svili,<br />
ususuri~).<br />
imerul-guruli: jgleT-i > leCxumuri jeT-q-i (`kokispiruli<br />
wvima~); bjGil (Col.) _ mCute, unaKofo TavTavi, Sdr.<br />
bjir-i _ `ugulo fetvi da misTanani~ (saba);<br />
saba: jatK<br />
atK-i > jant-i `wKliani Tovli~...<br />
xom ar SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom somxuri Jur (`wKali~)<br />
saerToqarTveluri *-jur<br />
jur- Ziris gaafrikatebuli variantia?<br />
86<br />
i z a C a n t l a Z e<br />
Cemi moZGvarTmoZGva<br />
TmoZGvari<br />
Tuki sadme akademikos <strong>arnold</strong> Ciqobavaze miwevs msJeloba,<br />
me mas Kvelgan `moZGvarTmoZGvars~ vuwodeb, radganac Kvela,<br />
vinc ki maswavlida universitetSi, asistentidan dawKebuli<br />
akademikosiT damTavrebuli, misi namowafari Tu mowafe<br />
iKo; asobiT specialisti hKavda gawvrTnili _ `me<br />
meores vera<br />
ravis<br />
dava<br />
vasa<br />
saxe<br />
xelebT<br />
lebT, romel<br />
melsac amde<br />
deni Zvirfa<br />
fasi dro gaeGos Taoba<br />
ba-<br />
Ta aGzrdisa<br />
saTvis<br />
Tvis~ (akad. qeTevan lomTaTiZe).<br />
ra didebulad Tqva misma usaKvarlesma mowafem, SesaniSnavma<br />
momGeralma da aranaklebma enaTmecnierma profesorma nodar<br />
andGulaZem! _ brZeni osta<br />
tatis tis gakve<br />
kveTi<br />
Tileb<br />
lebze Segird<br />
girdmwvrTne<br />
vrTnelis para<br />
radig<br />
digma icvle<br />
vlebo<br />
boda maZi<br />
Ziebel<br />
bel-moZGvris para<br />
ra-<br />
digma<br />
mado<br />
do. odesGac misTvis da givi mayavarianisTvis, roca isini<br />
batoni <strong>arnold</strong>is aspirantebi iKvnen, albaT sevdanarevi tkiviliT<br />
maswavlebels isic ki uTqvams: ra Zneli iqneboda uTqvenod<br />
sicocxleo.<br />
zGaprad dagvrCa mis mowafeebs saTaKvanebel moZGvarTan<br />
urTierTobis wlebi... dGemde gvesizmreba es saocrad keTil-<br />
Sobili adamiani, tanmorCili qaTqaTa kaci, magram imavdroulad<br />
bumberazi pirovneba da mecnieri-filosofosi, vinc<br />
KovelTvis ise Girseulad gelaparakeboda urTules problemebze,<br />
rogorc Tanatols...<br />
aseT kacs memkvidre ar darCenia _ sul mgonia, rom misi<br />
mravalricxovani mowafeebi mTel kavkasiaSi misi GviZli Svilebi<br />
viKaviT...<br />
aseTi kaci ratomGac mkacri egonaT viGac-viGaceebs, anu<br />
imaT, vinc mas axlos ar icnobda, Cven ki KovelTvis vaGmerTebdiT<br />
baton <strong>arnold</strong>s!<br />
roca didi mecnieris 100 wlisTavze `xsovnis wigni~ momzadda,<br />
samwuxarod, me TbilisSi ar viKavi da, bunebrivia, aranairi<br />
monawileoba ar mimiGia mis SeqmnaSi (aravin izruna Cem-<br />
87
Tvis SeetKobinebina es ambavi); vaiTu veGar moveswro moZGvris<br />
120 wlis iubiles da amitomac axla gadavwKvite, mogiTxroT<br />
ramdenime epizodi misi `simkacris~ Sesaxeb:<br />
mexuTe kursze rom gadavedi, zafxulSi kubaSi imarTeboda<br />
axalgazrdobis saerTaSoriso festivali, romelSic Cveni<br />
delegaciac monawileobda. sakmaod Zviri Girda es siamovneba,<br />
magram mSoblebi Sempirdnen, rom `welebze fexs daidgamdnen~<br />
da guls ar damwKvetdnen. sayiro iKo dokumentaciis Sekreba.<br />
bunebrivia, rom kavkasiur enaTa ganKofilebis studenti veaxeli<br />
kavkasiur enaTa kaTedris gamges. wina wels, saxelobiTi<br />
stipendiis moniyebis dros, ukve mqonda amis gamocdileba (batoni<br />
<strong>arnold</strong>is xeliT daweril daxasiaTebas dGemde mowiwebi-<br />
Ta da siamaKiT vinaxav). roca gaigo saqmis viTareba, ise, rom<br />
erTi SekiTxvac ki ar dausvams, saocrad Gimilnarevi sidinJiT<br />
miTxra: `pativcemulo iza, kubaSi KovelTvis waxvalT momaval-<br />
Si (xom gaxsovT, ra dro iKo maSin? TiTqmis naxevari saukunis<br />
win axalgazrda ki ara, buzic ver Sefrindeboda amerikis kontinentze!),<br />
axla ki svaneTSi unda wabrZandeT, radganac Tqveni<br />
sadiplomo naSromi sruliad daumuSavebel sakiTxs exebao~.<br />
marTlac ase iKo da, rasakvirvelia, xmac ar gamiGia. dGemde<br />
damcinis Kvela, visac es faqti axsovs, Tumca sulac ar vnanob,<br />
rom maSin kubis nacvlad svaneTSi wavedi, saidanac or kviraSi<br />
erTxel samecniero xelmZGvanels werilebs vwerdi imis Sesaxeb,<br />
Tu ras vsaqmianobdi _ es batoni <strong>arnold</strong>is davaleba iKo.<br />
martis TveSi damacvevina sadiplomo naSromi kaTedris<br />
sxdomaze _ gagigoniaT sadme amgvari ram?! maSinac da axlac<br />
msgavsi sxdomebi imarTeba xolme ivnisSi. rogorc mogvianebiT<br />
SevitKve, fakultetis samecniero sabyos aprilis TveSi unda<br />
ganexila im studentebis sakiTxi, visac rekomendacias aZlevdnen<br />
aspiranturaSi.<br />
davamTavreT universiteti da moxda saocari ram _ mecnierebis<br />
sakavSiro ministrma gamosca brZaneba imis Sesaxeb,<br />
rom apiranturaSi Cabarebis ufleba eZleodaT mxolod im pirebs,<br />
visac universitetisa Tu institutis damTavrebis Semdeg<br />
88<br />
hqonda ori wlis muSaobis staji. Zalian vinerviuleT _ gauqmda<br />
samecniero sabyos rekomendaciebi, magram liana sturuas,<br />
damana meliqiSvilsa da me es wesi ratomGac ar Segvexo. Cav-<br />
TvaleT, rom maSin sakmaod vCandiT universitetSi da albaT<br />
amitom gamogvarCies. mxolod xuTi wlis Semdeg (roca sakandidato<br />
disertacias vicavdi) miTxra enaTmecnierebis institutis<br />
maSindelma direqtorma, rom Turme ministr i. eliutinis-<br />
Tvis miuweria baton <strong>arnold</strong>s Cem Sesaxeb axsna-ganmartebiTi<br />
baraTi da dausabuTebia, rom aucilebeli iKo kadrebis momzadeba<br />
svanur enaSi samuSaod (mavanni ki dGemde abraleben mas,<br />
rom svanurSi arc Tavad muSaobda da arc sxvas amuSavebda _<br />
enadac ki ar miaCnda, qarTul-megrulis konglomerats eZaxdao;<br />
netar arian morwmuneni!..).<br />
CemTvis arc ukiTxavs, ise Seuvsia aspirantis samuSao gegma,<br />
romelSic aGniSnuli iKo sadisertacio Temis saTauri `saxelTa<br />
bruneba da brunvaTa funqciebi qarTvelur enebSi~ da<br />
adlerSi gamgzavrebula. kinaGam guli gamiskda _ maSin moskov-<br />
Si sul axali gamosuli iKo prof. giorgi klimovis wigni<br />
`Склонение имён в картвельских языках в сравнительно-историческом<br />
аспекте~ da me, 22 wlis gogonas, raGa unda mekvlia?!<br />
mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi mamuSavebinebda aTasgvar referats<br />
(gansakuTrebiT akad. n. maris moGvaweobidan) sadisertacio<br />
problemasTan dakavSirebiT. bolos, rogorc iqna, Sevkadre<br />
_ sakandidatosTvis Zalian rTuli Temaa da Tu SeiZleba,<br />
amas momavalSi gavakeTeb, axla ki rame martivi SemirCieT-meTqi.<br />
axlac Tvalwin midgas batoni <strong>arnold</strong>is momnusxveli mzera _<br />
mivxvdi, ar moewona, rom SevSindi, magram ukan ar dauxevia.<br />
`kargiTo, _ miTxra, Tavis droze sagangebod vmuSaobdi<br />
svanuri orfuZiani brunebis Seswavlaze (am mizniT svaneTSic<br />
araerTxel vKofilvar), magram Semdeg aucilebeli gaxda xun-<br />
Zur enaze muSaoba da daGestanSi gadavinacvle. miuxedavad imisa,<br />
rom araerTi naSromi Seiqmna, bevri ram mainc gaurkvevelia,<br />
radganac sakiTxia Zalian rTuli, Tanac mTis kavkasiur enaTa<br />
orfuZiani brunebis sistemasTan konteqstSi gansaxilveli. ami-<br />
89
tom mindoda dainteresebuliKaviT misi kvleviT, magram ra gaewKoba?<br />
davelaparakebi varlam Tofurias (batoni varlami Cemi<br />
disertaciis konsultanti iKo) da mere gadavwKvitoT, rogor<br />
moviqceTo~.<br />
erT kviraSi SemTxveviT Semxvda batoni varlami universitetis<br />
foieSi. mivxvdi, rom ukve Kvelaferi icoda, radganac<br />
Soridanve iGimeboda (albaT, gaocebuli iKo, batoni <strong>arnold</strong>is<br />
SerCeul Temaze uari rom vTqvi). vTxove, Tu SeiZleba Zveli<br />
svanuri xalxuri sagaloblebis enas Seviswavli-meTqi. Zalian<br />
gaukvirda _ ki, magram, es ufro rTuli araa, vidre saxel-<br />
Ta brunebao?<br />
ise gavTavxeddi, rom arc erT genioss ar davuJere da mainc<br />
Cemi arCeuli Tema warmovadgine dasacavad _ sxvaTaSoris<br />
vadaze adre, ris gamoc premia davimsaxure.<br />
rogorc Kvela disertanti, Zalian vnerviulobdi dacvis<br />
dGes da samecniero sabyos sxdomaze damagvianda. batoni <strong>arnold</strong>i<br />
Semosula Cvens ganKofilebaSi, albaT SeeSinda, kidev<br />
rame ucnauri ar Camedina. erTianad SeZrulni damxvdnen Tanam-<br />
Sromlebi _ sxdomaTa darbazSi Sesvlamde xelmZGvaneli aucileblad<br />
naxeo. vifiqre, tKavs gamaZrobs-meTqi, magram iciT, ra<br />
miTxra?<br />
_ Sesavali sitKva gind waikiTxeT, gind zepirad TqviT,<br />
oGond oponentebs pasuxi sadme Cauxedavad gaeciT. saerTod ki<br />
imaze nu ifiqrebT, rom disertanti xarTo.<br />
TiTqos arc araferi icoda Cemi dagvianebis Sesaxeb _ am<br />
mxriv araferi uTqvams.<br />
rogorc Cans, dacvis procesma normalurad Caiara, rac<br />
SeetKo kidec samecniero xelmZGvanelis gamosvlas:<br />
_ pativcemul izas Cven saxelTa brunebis damuSaveba davavaleT,<br />
magram amJerad man ratomGac sxva Tema irCia. es saki-<br />
Txi Zalze rTulia _ sadoqtoro disertaciis Tema SeiZleba<br />
iKos da aucileblad unda gakeTdes. Tu Cveni disentanti poeziis<br />
tKveobaSi ar moeqceva, misi mecnieruli keTilsindisiereba<br />
da dGevandeli naSromi safuZvels gvaZlevs vifiqroT, rom<br />
90<br />
misgan rigiani enaTmecnieri dadgebao.<br />
maSin samecniero sabyos swavluli mdivani iKo prof. guram<br />
Tofuria da, bunebrivia, mas unda gaegzavna Sesabamisi oqmi<br />
umaGles saatestacio komisiaSi. xumrobda: `xelmZGvanelis<br />
sitKvebs cotaTi Sevamokleb; aba rusebs rogor mivwero amdeni<br />
ram qalis sindis-namusis Sesaxebo~.<br />
aspiranturaSi swavlis dros SemeZina qaliSvili. JanmrTelobis<br />
mxriv mZime mdgomareoba mqonda (erTi Tve viweqi<br />
saavadmKofoSi) da batoni <strong>arnold</strong>is seminarebze didxans ar<br />
mivsulvar. roca bolosdabolos gamovcxaddi enaTmecnierebis<br />
institutSi, saSinlad Sewuxda, iseTi gaKviTlebuli da gamxdari<br />
viKavi. samkurnalod `fitini~ daminiSna, romelic dGesac ki<br />
farTo satelevizio reklamiT gamoirCeva. samecadinodac Sin<br />
damibara. mkiTxa, ra SualedSi aymevT Tqvens pawia moqalaqeso,<br />
da im periodSi vmuSaobdiT xolme erTad Zvel qarTulSi, palimfsestur<br />
teqstebze. KovelTvis saaTi hqonda daniSnuli.<br />
ise gaverTobodi saseminaro saqmianobiT, rom erTaderTi Svili<br />
zogJer aGarc maxsovda, baton <strong>arnold</strong>s ki Cemi Tamriko<br />
arasdros daviwKebia _ axla Cqara gaiqeciT Sin, Torem Tqveni<br />
patara moqalaqe tirils daiwKebso.<br />
sul mekiTxeboda bavSvis ambebs. erTxel mamamiszec mki-<br />
Txa, Tumca Zalze delikaturad, magram ise Sevwuxdi, rom veraferi<br />
vupasuxe (Cemi Svilis mamasTan seriozuli problemebi<br />
mqonda) da saSinlad avqviTindi. uceb momesma magidaze muStis<br />
dartKmis xma.<br />
_ Tqven Jer Zalian axalgazrda xarT da arc ki iciT, Tu<br />
ra rTulia cxovreba! cremlebiT verafers gaxdebiT! mTavaria<br />
far-xmali ar daKaroT!<br />
saubris Tema sruliad Secvala da miambo imis Sesaxeb,<br />
Tu 1941 wlis 22 ivniss rogor iJda dalaqTan daGestnis erTerT<br />
miuval aulSi da araferi icoda omis dawKebaze. ukanaskneli<br />
groSebic iq datova da ris vai-vaglaxiT (fexiT, cxeniT,<br />
urmiT...), baqodan SemovliT, ramdenime dGis mSier-mwKurvalma<br />
Zlivs CamoaGwia TbilisSi. bolos ikiTxa:<br />
91
_ rame materialuri gayirveba xom ar gqoniaT odesme?<br />
_ ara-meTqi _ vupasuxe.<br />
_ hoda, nu geSiniaT, arc momavalSi gagiyirdebaTo.<br />
Zalze merideba, amden adgils rom vikaveb `<strong>arnold</strong> <strong>Ciqobavas</strong><br />
<strong>XIX</strong> sakiTxavebSi~, magram ar SemiZlia ar gavixseno Cveni<br />
bolo Sexvedra:<br />
batoni <strong>arnold</strong>i Zalian avad gaxda _ im mitklisferi<br />
edo, romelSic iwva _ hemoglobini daeca. ratomGac maSin<br />
gawKda C vitamini da `ferumleki~. me da Cemma dam _ prof.<br />
greta CantlaZem mTeli Tbilisi SemovirbineT da raGac saswaulad<br />
viSoveT wamlebi. prof. vaja Sengelias uTqvams misTvis<br />
Kvelaferi.<br />
SewuxebulxarTo _ Zlivs miTxra saTaKvanebelma maswavlebelma.<br />
vgrZnobdi, rom veGar vnaxavdi baton <strong>arnold</strong>s da<br />
gadavwKvite, sikvdilis win mainc meTqva madloba im amagisTvis,<br />
rac man Kvela Tavis mowafeze gaswia.<br />
_ Tqven rom wuxdebodiT xolme CvenTvis-meTqi?<br />
_ es vali iKo, didi vali maswavleblisao...<br />
eh, kidev ramdeni sikeTis gaxseneba SeiZleba am TiTqosda<br />
mkacri adamianis Sesaxeb, magram amaze sxva dros...<br />
m a n a n a C a C a n i Z e<br />
eqstra<br />
stralin<br />
lingvis<br />
gvistu<br />
turi<br />
infor<br />
forma<br />
macia leqsi<br />
sikon<br />
koneb<br />
ebSi<br />
eqstralingvisturi informacia leqsikonSi SeiZleba<br />
warmodgenili iKos orgvarad:<br />
I. sitKva-statiis gansakuTrebul zonaSi,<br />
II. TviT sitKva-statiis korpusSi.<br />
es informacia SeiZleba mocemuli iKos (1) frCilebSi, an<br />
(2) SeiZleba warmoadgendes gansazGvrebis nawils mniSvneloba-<br />
92<br />
Ta ganmartebisas, an (3) SeiZleba sailustracio masalaSi<br />
gvxvdebodes.<br />
eqstralingvisturi (enciklopediuri) informaciis mimar-<br />
Teba lingvisturTan mravalmxriv sainteresoa. erTi mxriv, amgvari<br />
informacia gamoiKeneba sitKvis mniSvnelobis ukeTesad<br />
axsnisaTvis, meore mxriv, igi afarToebs adresatis enciklopediur<br />
codnas obieqtur garesamKaroze. eqstralingvisturi informaciis<br />
moculoba da xasiaTi ganisazGvreba leqsikonis tipiT.<br />
amgvari informaciis CarTvas ganmartebiT, TargmniT Tu<br />
ideografiul leqsikonebSi ganapirobebs Semdegi faqtorebi:<br />
a) nacionaluri da socialuri realiebi:<br />
b) `samKaros danawevreba~ sxvadasxvagvarad sxvadasxva enis<br />
matarebelTa mier;<br />
g) naklebadcnobili cnebebi (samecn., ist., egzot. da<br />
misT.), romlebic sayiroebs axsnas.<br />
eqstralingvistur informaciaSi gansakuTrebiT yarbobs<br />
denotatiuri tipis sitKvebi (obieqtTa saxelebi), romelTa semantikuri<br />
komponentebi asaxaven aGsaniSni obieqtis Taviseburebebs,<br />
Tumca aseve xSiria leqsika, romelic miiswrafvis signifikaturi<br />
mniSvnelobisken (zmnebi, zedsarTavi da abstraqtuli<br />
saxelebi da sxv.). TiTqmis Kovelgvari obieqti SeiZleba daxasiaTdes<br />
rogorc diaqroniul, ise sinqroniul planSi. amas-<br />
Tan dakavSirebiT eqstralingvisturi informacia leqsikonSi<br />
SeiZleba asaxavdes obieqtis Semdeg aspeqtebs: istorias, saxesxvaobebs,<br />
agebulebasa da Tvisebebs, daniSnulebasa da funqcionirebas.<br />
am niSnebis mixedviT sitKvebis `Semowmeba~ leqsikografs<br />
ubiZgebs moiZios da leqsikonSi CarTos Sesabamisi SesitKvebebi,<br />
axsnebi, citatebi. cxadia, amgvari samuSaoebis Casatareblad<br />
didi mniSvneloba aqvs im masalebs, rac SeiZleba<br />
gamodges leqsikografiul wKarod.<br />
93
m e r a b C u x u a<br />
saer<br />
erTo<br />
Tokav<br />
kavka<br />
kasi<br />
siuri same<br />
meur<br />
urneo Kofa<br />
(Se<br />
Seno<br />
noba<br />
ba-na<br />
nage<br />
gebo<br />
bobe<br />
bebi<br />
bi)<br />
◊ s.-qarTv. *beG<br />
beG-o/beG<br />
beG-el- `beGeli~ (qarT. beG-o, beG-el-i,<br />
zan. baG-u `beGeli~, svan. bG- ←*bG<br />
bG-… `beGeli; pureulis Sesanaxi<br />
didi kidobani~);<br />
◊ s.-nax. *b„<br />
b„-o… `sabrZolo koSki~ (iCq. b„-ou, ing. v„-o…<br />
←*b„<br />
b„-o…, bacb. {b„<br />
b„-ov});<br />
◊ s.-daG. *bet<br />
bet¾-o `farduli~ (xunZ. bot¾, and. bet¾i, axv.<br />
bet¾o, yam. bet¾, tind. bet¾i, kar. bet¾e, boTl. bet¾i, bagv.<br />
bet¾, God. bet¾i; hin. bule, xvarS. bulu, inx. bulu, bej.<br />
bulo; lak. f´al<br />
al, darg. biG);<br />
◊ s.-sind. *ba„<br />
ba„-a `cixe-simagre, farduli~ (afx. a-ba<br />
baa ←*a-ba<br />
ba„a,<br />
abaz. ba„a `cixe-simagre~, Kab. baƒ `farduli~);<br />
◊ hur.-urart. *burG<br />
burG- `koSki~ (urart. burG-ana `koSki~);<br />
◊ s.-qarTv. *cx…en<br />
cx…en- `sxveni; yeri~ (qarT. sx…en-i º sxven-i,<br />
zan. cxvin-i º cxven-i º cxon-i `sxveni, yeri~, svan. cx…en `sxveni~);<br />
◊ s.-nax. *cxar<br />
cxar- `farduli (Senobisa)~ (iCq. cxar, ing. cx–r,<br />
bacb. {cxar<br />
cxar});<br />
◊ s.-daG. *caƒ…ir<br />
aƒ…ir- `beGeli; farduli~ (xunZ. caG…r<br />
`beGeli~, xin. cuƒa `farduli (saqonlis)~, ƒ-sTvis Sdr. Zv.<br />
qarT. sƒuen-i);<br />
◊ hur.-urart. *cxar<br />
cxar-ˆ `damxmare Senoba~ (hurit. i-cxarˆ<br />
`damxmare Senoba, samzareulo~).<br />
◊ s.-qarTv. *wal<br />
wal- `walo, ganJina~ (qarT. wal-o `ganJina~;<br />
`mTxreblis saxeoba~ (saba), zan. ya- sitKvaSi in-ya<br />
`ya~, svan.<br />
yar-r `yebi~);<br />
◊ s.-nax. *wan<br />
wan- `saxli, oTaxi~ (iCq. wa, mr. wen-oS, ing. w– _<br />
wen-–S, bacb. wa _ wen-bu);<br />
94<br />
◊ s.-daG. *w(…)ar<br />
ar- `saxli~ (xunZ. wara-qi, axv. yari<br />
ri-qo `saxli;<br />
oJaxi (Sinaurebi)~; lak. wa `saxli~; xin. w…a `saxli~);<br />
◊ s.-sind. *c…ˆ<br />
c…ˆ- `saxli; sofeli~ (afx. (bzif.) -cʾu `sofeli~,<br />
ubix. c…ˆa `saxli, oTaxi~).<br />
◊ s.-qarTv. *w…ed<br />
w…ed-en- `sveti; kedeli~ (qarT. wvd-en-i `svetis<br />
gverdis mTliani qva~, zan. (megr.) yid-a º yˆd-a ←*yud<br />
yud-a<br />
`tixari~, svan. y…d `kedeli~);<br />
◊ s.daG. *w…e<br />
w…e(r)d- `koSki; qvis figura~ (did. cili<br />
`koSki~;<br />
lak. yu´ "id"; darg. weld<br />
ld-a `saflavis qva~; Tab. yurd,<br />
aG. wud, ruT. wud, arC. wuT `koSki; qvis figura; qvis an-<br />
Za/sveti~).<br />
◊ s.-qarTv. *agur<br />
agur- `aguri~ (qarT. agur-i, zan. (megr.)<br />
ogur<br />
gur-i, sitKvaSi ogur-xinJ-i `agur-xidi~ (top.), laz. engur<br />
gur-i<br />
←*on<br />
ongur<br />
gur-i `aguri~);<br />
◊ s.-nax. *ang<br />
ang(…)ar<br />
ar-i `faifuri~ (iCq. anga<br />
gali<br />
li, ing. angal‹<br />
`sarke, faifuri~, bacb. ankr-a‡o ←*an<br />
angar<br />
gar-a‡o "id");<br />
◊ s.-daG. *amg…a<br />
amg…a- `faifuri~ (lezg. hamga<br />
`broli~, Tab.<br />
hamg, aG. „agu-g `faifuri, sarke~);<br />
◊ s.-sind. *am<br />
amga<br />
ga- `sarke~ (ad. afC<br />
←*afq<br />
fq, Kab. abJ<br />
←*abg<br />
`sarke, mina~).<br />
◊ s.-qarTv. *qal<br />
qal-a `mcire nageboba; karavi~ (qarT. qala<br />
`kar-fanJris CarCo~, zan. (megr.) qolo<br />
`kasri~, svan. (z. sv.)<br />
qel `karavi~);<br />
◊ s.-daG. *qol<br />
qol-a `kar-midamo nagebobebiT~ (xunZ. quli<br />
º<br />
qolo<br />
lo, and. quli<br />
li, axv. qila<br />
la, tind. q½ila<br />
ila, kar. qile<br />
le, bagv.<br />
q½ila<br />
`kar-midamo nagebobebiT~);<br />
◊ s.-sind. *q½al<br />
al-a `qoxi~ (afx. a-q½la<br />
la, abaz. q½ala<br />
ala, ad. C–l½<br />
←*q½alˆ<br />
alˆ, Kab. Cˆl½ ←*q½ˆlˆ<br />
`qoxi~).<br />
95
◊ s.-qarTv. *xal<br />
xal- `cxovreba, saxloba~ (qarT. sa-xl<br />
xl-i º sa-<br />
xel-i `saxli~, zan. o-xor<br />
xor-i `saxli~, xor- `saxloba~, ma-xor<br />
xor-<br />
`mosaxle~);<br />
◊ s.-nax. *-lx<br />
lx- `saxloba~ (iCq. ƒa-lx<br />
lx-ar, ing. ƒa-lx<br />
lx-ar<br />
`gadasaxleba~, bacb. ƒa-lx<br />
lx-ar "id");<br />
◊ s.-daG. *xal<br />
xal- `saxli; farduli~ (xunZ. hor `farduli~,<br />
yam. xal `saxli~; lezg. xal, Tab. xal `saxli~, aG. xal, ruT.<br />
xal, wax. xa… ←*xal<br />
xal, kriw. xal, bud. xal `saxuravi, sxveni~,<br />
arC. xal `bude~, xali<br />
`oJaxi~).<br />
◊ s.-qarTv. *Sen<br />
Sen-/*Sin<br />
Sin- `Seneba; Senoba~ (qarT. Sen-eb-a, Sen-i,<br />
Sin-a `xevsuruli saxlis qvemo sarTuli~, svan. sgir-i º skir-i<br />
`svanuri saxlis qveda sarTuli~);<br />
◊ s.-daG. *sin<br />
sin- `miwebeba, dadeba, daxurva, daketva~ (xunZ.<br />
sede<br />
de-, axv. Sin-, yam. sin-, tind. sin-ih-, kar. sin-, bagv. sin…-,<br />
God. sini<br />
ni; lak. sina<br />
na, darg. da-sn<br />
sn-i; wax. ga-s´an<br />
an, kriw. ƒ´i-sn<br />
sn-,<br />
arC. s´us<br />
us´ˆ-bos).<br />
◊ s.-qarTv. *Kasr<br />
Kasr- `cixe-simagre; samefo saxli~ (Zv. qarT.<br />
kasr-i, zan. (megr.) ‡orS-i º KorS-i `cixe-simagre, koSki~, svan.<br />
KarS (top.));<br />
◊ s.-daG. *Kas<br />
Kas-i `sawoli, Taro~ (darg. Kasi `sawoli~, aG.<br />
Kas, wax. Kas, arC. Kas `Taro~);<br />
◊ s.-sind. *K…aS<br />
K…aS- `mcire nageboba (karviseburi)~ (ad. ƒ…aS<br />
…aS,<br />
Kab. K…aS).<br />
◊ s.-qarTv. *buZ<br />
buZ- `Taro; adgili Zirdadgmuli saxlis karebTan~<br />
(qarT. buZ-o º buZ-u º buZ-e, zan. (laz.) buJ-eJ-i, svan.<br />
buJ-er º bˆJ-er `Taro~);<br />
◊ s.-nax. *boJ<br />
boJ-al- `saJinibo, gomi~ (iCq. buojal<br />
º buoJal<br />
`Tavla~, ing. bej–l º beJ–l ←*b÷Jal<br />
`saJinibo~, bacb. {bo<br />
boJal<br />
Jal});<br />
◊ s.-daG. *boJ<br />
boJ-en- `beGeli~ (xunZ. bejen<br />
`beGeli~; hin. bej,<br />
bej. bej, hunz. bej `Semokavebuli adgil-nageboba cxvarTaTvis~).<br />
◊ s.-qarTv. *lanZ…<br />
lanZ…- `fanJara, urduli~ (Zv. qarT. lanZ…-i<br />
`fanJara~, svan. leJ…r<br />
…r-n-i ←*lerJ…<br />
J…-n-i `urduli~);<br />
◊ s.-daG. *naZ…<br />
naZ…- `kari; fanJara~ (xunZ. nuw´a, and. hinw´u,<br />
axv. i¹w´o, yam. hi¹¬…, tind. hinc´u, kar. hinw´u, boTl. hinw´u,<br />
bagv. hu¹w´, God. hinc´u; did. ac, hin. ac, xvarS. ac, bej. a¹c,<br />
hunz. ˆ¹cu<br />
cu; lak. nuz, darg. unc´a º unZa<br />
`kari~; Tab. uny…<br />
`fanJara~).<br />
96<br />
n u g z a r c e c x l a Z e<br />
floro<br />
roni<br />
nime<br />
mebi SavSe<br />
SeTis<br />
topo<br />
poni<br />
nimi<br />
miaSi<br />
SavSeTis toponimiaSi TvalsaCino adgili uyiravs mcenareTa<br />
saxelebisagan momdinare toponimebs.<br />
SavSeTi tKeebiTa da mcenareuli safariT mdidari regionia.<br />
Jer kidev <strong>XIX</strong> saukunis bolos z. yiyinaZe aGniSnavda, rom<br />
`SavSeTSi izrdeba mravalnairi xe, balaxi, Kvavilebi, xexili. aq<br />
xili kargi icis, nametur joli (bjoli) ... modis puri, simindi,<br />
qeri, Gomi, lobio (metad kargi scodnia), kartofili, yarxali,<br />
mwvanileuloba, erTi sitKviT, aqeT kaci rasac dargavs<br />
da daTesavs, Kvelaferi xeirobs, garda brinJisa~. (z. yiyinaZe,<br />
musulmani qarTveloba da maTi soflebi saqarTveloSi, tf.,<br />
1993, 265, 267). ufro adre, 1874 wels, g. Kazbegi werda: `Sav-<br />
SeTis buneba gacilebiT mdidaria. mesaqonleoba da mexorbleoba<br />
aq SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad ganviTardes. SavSeTi awarmoebs<br />
xorbals, romelic baTumis bazarze Karsisas sJobnis. miwis<br />
zGapruli naKofierebis pirobebSi SavSeTi SesaZloa gaxdes<br />
xorblis warmoebis centri~ (g. Kazbegi, sami Tve TurqeTis saqarTveloSi,<br />
baTumi, 1995, 97).<br />
regionis mravalsaxeobiani mcenareuli saxelebi aisaxa<br />
97
toponimebSi. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac toponimad warmodgenilia<br />
pirdapir mcenaris saxeli. e. i. adgilis saxeldeba moxda<br />
metonimiis gziT mag; murKani tKe (kuyeni), lerwa<br />
wami<br />
saTibi (miqeleTi)...<br />
toponimis fuZed aGebulia xe-mcenareuli, kulturuli<br />
da balax-mcenareuli saxelebi:<br />
arKi : arKieTi<br />
Ti, sofl. ubani (zeda sulisi), arKnali<br />
tKe<br />
(weTileTi)...; aski<br />
kili<br />
: aski<br />
kilu<br />
luani<br />
saTibi (manatba)...; bali<br />
:<br />
balva<br />
vana<br />
(← balovana) sofeli (SavSeTi)...; balsu<br />
suka<br />
kana<br />
saTibi<br />
(maCxateTi), balTa<br />
TaxevGele<br />
Gele (Cixori), didbli<br />
blizi<br />
ziri<br />
(←<br />
didi blis Ziri) saTesi (xevwruli)...; bza : bzaTa<br />
sofl. ubani<br />
(wKalsimeri); Sdr. zvani _ sofeli vanis raionSi. vaSli<br />
:<br />
vaSlaT<br />
saTibi (yuarebi), vaSlTaKana<br />
saTesi (axaldaba)...; vena<br />
na-<br />
xi : vena<br />
naxe<br />
xebi<br />
saTesi (svirevani)... amjamad vazi gaSenebulia Sav-<br />
SeT-imerxevis dablob adgilebSi, umetesad mdinareTa gaswriv<br />
mdebare soflebSi. muslimanuri religiis gavrcelebamde es<br />
kultura erT-erTi wamKvani dargi iKo. amas adasturebs sxvadasxva<br />
soflebSi (tbeTi, wiTveTi, ifxreveli...) dGesac SemorCenili<br />
qvis sawnaxlebi. verxvi<br />
xvi: verxvi<br />
xvina<br />
nali<br />
sof. (SavSeTi),<br />
verxvna<br />
xvnala tKe (xevwruli)...; Tela<br />
: TelawKaro<br />
wKaro (ube)...;<br />
TuTa<br />
Ta, igive bjoli º bjola (SavSeTis soflebi cnobilia am<br />
kulturiT `kulturuli mcenareulobidan aq kargad xarobs<br />
TuTis xe~ _ werda g. Kazbegi) : TuTiGele<br />
TiGele Gele (CixvTa)...;<br />
kata<br />
tari<br />
: katarT<br />
saTibi (Jinali), katruani tKe (wKalsimeri),<br />
kate<br />
tero<br />
rova<br />
vani<br />
tKe (svirevani)...; lekis<br />
xe : leknar<br />
narTi<br />
saTibi (zaqieTi),<br />
lekTu<br />
Tuka<br />
kana<br />
tKe (ube)...; msxali<br />
: msxloba<br />
bani<br />
sofeli<br />
(SavSeTi), sxalfi<br />
fila<br />
sof. ubani (svirevani), msxalna<br />
nari<br />
saTibi<br />
(xevwruli), msxalna<br />
nariGele<br />
Gele (xevwruli), sxalTnam<br />
Tnamwuri<br />
saTibi (ifxevli)...; adgilobriv msxlis mravali JiSi xarobs,<br />
maTgan erT-erTi kutala msxalia, romelic fuZed udevs ramdenime<br />
geografiul saxels: kuta<br />
tale<br />
leTi<br />
sof. ubani (svirevani),<br />
kuta<br />
tali<br />
lizi<br />
ziri<br />
(← kutaliZiri, kutalis Ziri) saTesi (manatba),<br />
kuta<br />
tale<br />
lebi<br />
saTesi (xevwruli). velur anu tKis msxals aq, rogorc<br />
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, panta hqvia. dasturdeba<br />
98<br />
toponimi pantis<br />
seri<br />
mTa (iveTi)...; muxa<br />
: muxner<br />
(← muxnari)<br />
tKe (z. sulisi), muxo<br />
xoba<br />
bani<br />
sofeli (SavSeTi)...; nigo<br />
gozi<br />
: nigo<br />
go-<br />
zira<br />
(← nigozizira ← nigozis Zira ← nigozis Ziri) saTibi<br />
(wKalsimeri)...; tKemali<br />
: tKimli<br />
lizi<br />
ziri<br />
(← tKimliZiri ←<br />
tKimlis Ziri ← tKemlis Ziri) saTibi (xevwruli)...; asli<br />
_<br />
`arc erT sxva enaSi xorbleulis am JiSs aseTi saxeli ar ewodeba<br />
da amis gamo es termini namdvil qarTul sitKvad unda<br />
vcnaT~ _ wers iv. JavaxiSvili (saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoria,<br />
I, tf., 1930, 338). naas<br />
asle<br />
levi<br />
saTi<br />
Tibi<br />
(diobani)...; ifqli<br />
qli:<br />
`SavSeTis friad momcem barSi uxvad modis simindi da xorbali<br />
(ifqli)~ _ werda gazeTi `iveria~ 1877 wels, #18, gv. 8<br />
(avtori petre umikaSvili). SavSeTSi, iseve rogorc saqarTvelos<br />
sxva danarCen kuTxeebSi naTes xorbleuls (purs, qers,<br />
yvavs) ZvalTeslurs eZaxian, xolo Semodgomaze naTess _<br />
ifqls, romelic aseTive mniSvnelobiT ixmareboda Zvel qar-<br />
TulSi da aGniSnavda Semodgomis xorbleuls, an saerTod pureuls.<br />
sakvlev regionSi ifql-i Zirisgan ramdenime geografiuli<br />
saxeli aris nawarmoebi, rac migvaniSnebs imas, rom pureulis<br />
es JiSi aq sakmaod gavrcelebuli iKo. ifxrana<br />
(← ifxriana)<br />
saTibi (maCxateTi), ifxrevli<br />
li...; ifxreveli erT-erTi didi<br />
sofelia imerxevSi. `ifxreuli~ º `ifxreveli~ `imerxeulis~<br />
(iqiTa mxaris) saxenacval formad miaCnia i. sixaruliZes (i. sixaruliZe,<br />
SavSeT-imerxevi, baTumi, 1988# 51). vfiqrobT, toponimis<br />
amosavali fuZe aris igive ifqli. analogiuri Zirisaa<br />
toponimi ifxrevani saZovari (sinkoTi)...; seli<br />
: selav<br />
lavri<br />
saTibi<br />
(ifxrevli), nasel<br />
selva<br />
vari<br />
saTesi (bazgireTi), svili<br />
: svire<br />
reva<br />
va-<br />
ni (← svilevani) sofeli (imerxevi)...; qeri<br />
: qerev<br />
revla<br />
saTibi<br />
(weTileTi), qeriKana<br />
tKe (morGeli)...; yili<br />
: yili<br />
lieTi<br />
sazam-<br />
Tro sadgomi (tbeTi), yila<br />
lauri<br />
saZovari (sxlobani)...<br />
floronimebia sakvlevi regionis geografiuli saxelebi:<br />
barde<br />
deTi<br />
saTibi (yinali), brinJva<br />
Jvali<br />
saTesi (weTileTi), bazgi<br />
gi-<br />
reTi<br />
(← baZgireTi) sofeli (imerxevi), naos<br />
ospa<br />
pari<br />
saTesi (xevwruli)<br />
da a. S.<br />
rogorc vxedavT, mcenareuli saxelebi farTod aris<br />
99
warmodgenili regionis geografiul nomenklaturaSi. gvxvdeba<br />
rogorc xe-mcenareuli, aseve kulturuli da balaxeuli mcenareebisagan<br />
momdinare toponimebi.<br />
1. `dawvis~ mniSvnelobiT Zvel qarTulsa da qarTulis<br />
enis rig dialeqtSi dasturdeba sxvadasxvafuZiani sitKvebi:<br />
futK-: ganfutKva `dawva~ nuukue mexistexaman gangkafos,<br />
anu elvaman g a n g f u t K o s [A=92 222r, 21-22).<br />
funtkl-: gadafuntklavs `gadabugavs, gadawvavs, cecxls<br />
waukidebs~ (rayuli).<br />
futkr-: gadafutkravs `gadawvavs~ (imeruli).<br />
zemoaGniSnuli fuZeebis amosavlad migvaCnia futk-, romelic,<br />
Cveni azriT, saerToqarTveluri warmomavlobisaa da Seesabameba<br />
svanuris futk- º fuTk- fuZes. fuTk…‹rd,<br />
futk…‹rd liCed<br />
_ gadabugva, ferflad qceva. eJ Jor<br />
f u t k … ‹ r d a C a d (lSx.) _ is saxli daiferfla).<br />
Zveli qarTulis futK-, dialeqturi funtkl-, futkr-<br />
variantebi ki futk- fuZis fonetikuri cvlilebis Sedegad<br />
unda migveGo.<br />
2. qarTuli enis rig dialeqtSi (qiziKuri, ingilouri,<br />
ayaruli, imerx.) funk- º fung-fuZiani sitKvebi niSnavs `da-<br />
Slas, gafuyebas, arev-darevas~. CvenebianT xuroi urem xan agebs<br />
da xana f u n k a v s (qiziKuri). vin a f u n g a aqa…roba ra<br />
giqnian es, sul tarmataGini gigixdian! (ayaruli).<br />
miGebuli svanuris Semdeg gamoTqmaSi dadasturebuli fink-<br />
fink{…}ild ild ligne<br />
_ nangrevebad qceva; daqucmaceba, damsxvreva.<br />
f i n k … i l d i l ˆ g n d a icxrSi (poez. 224) _ mtveri<br />
idga msxlis fqvilisa (namcecebad eKara msxlis fqvilisagan<br />
gakeTebuli namcxvari).<br />
n i n e l i y o x o n e l i Z e<br />
futk-, funk- fuZe<br />
ZeTa<br />
warmomav<br />
mavlo<br />
lobi<br />
bisa<br />
saTvis<br />
100<br />
vfiqrobT, rom fung- (← funk-) k-s gamjGerebis Sedegia.<br />
funk-s ki SeesatKviseba u → i palataluri umlautis Sedegad<br />
n i n o x a r C i l a v a<br />
saqor<br />
qorwi<br />
wilo sufra da masTan dakav<br />
kavSi<br />
Sire<br />
rebu<br />
buli<br />
zogi<br />
gier<br />
erTi termi<br />
mini samur<br />
murzaKano<br />
zaKanoSi<br />
samurzaKanoSi erTdGiani qorwili icodnen. GamiT imar-<br />
Teboda nadimi, romelic gamTeniisas unda dasrulebuliKo. saqorwilo<br />
sufras emsaxureboda dudko<br />
koCi<br />
(Tavkaci), romelsac<br />
oJaxi irCevda. mis movaleobas sufrisTvis Tvalis devneba<br />
warmoadgenda. igi pasuxs agebda Kovelgvar wvrilmanze (sufris<br />
gawKoba-galamazebiT dawKebuli stumar-maspinZlebis mier sufrasTan<br />
adgilis dakavebiT damTavrebuli). mas emorCileboda<br />
sufris Kvela mosamsaxure, mimtani da meriqife. nadimis<br />
dawKebamde stumar-maspinZels igi iaraGs CamoarTmevda da oJaxis<br />
ufross Caabarebda. warsulSi sufrasTan iaraGiT Jdoma<br />
miuGeblad iTvleboda. es wesi XX saukunis II naxevramde moqmedebda.<br />
Kvela stumari da maspinZeli valdebuli iKo Tavisi iaraGi<br />
oJaxis ufrosisTvis Caebarebina, rasac igi sufris dasasrulamde<br />
inaxavda. iaraGis CamorTmeva stumarmaspinZlobis uZveles<br />
tradicias warmoadgenda, romelic saqarTvelos TiTqmis<br />
Kvela kuTxeSi fiqsirdeba (mowerelia 1984, gv. 26).<br />
samurzaKanoSi sufrasTan daculi iKo sqesobriv-asakobrivi<br />
diferenciaciis principi. sufris erT mxares, marcxniv,<br />
isxdnen qalebi, meore mxares ki, marJvniv, _ mamakacebi. sufras-<br />
Tan Jdomis msgavsi principebi saqarTveloSi arsebobda V saukuneSic,<br />
roca dedakacs ar hqonda mamakacTan `puris yamis~<br />
101
ufleba (curtaveli 1964, gv. 37). arqanJelo lambertis cnobiT,<br />
`qalebi da kacebi sufrasTan cal-calke sxedan~ (lamberti<br />
1938, gv. 48). rogorc Cans, saqme gvaqvs patriarqaluri<br />
oJaxisaTvis damaxasiaTebel wesTan, romelmac droTa ganmavlobaSi<br />
transformacia ganicada.<br />
sufraze lxinis dawKebisas or-sam sadGegrZelos arKiT<br />
dalevdnen. amas gilax<br />
laxva<br />
vama<br />
(urTierTgacnobis sadGegrZelo)<br />
ewodeboda. gilax<br />
laxva<br />
vama<br />
ori sitKvisagan Semdgari zmnaa. gila<br />
rTuli zmniswinia da aGniSnavs mimarTulebas (`mimo~), xolo<br />
xvama<br />
aris locva (qaJaia 2001, gv. 329). amdenad, gilax<br />
laxva<br />
vama<br />
niSnavs<br />
`mimolocvas~. am dros maspinZeli stumarTan alaverds<br />
gadadioda.<br />
Tamadad irCevdnen sufris wesrigis kargad mcodnes da<br />
nadimis xelmZGvanelobis unaris mqone gamocdil adamians, romelsac<br />
sasmelis garkveuli raodenobis miGeba da atana SeeZlo.<br />
Tamada airCevda qalis mSoblebisa da maKrebis ufrosis<br />
mier SerCeul moadgiles, romelic aucileblad qalis maKrebidan<br />
unda KofiliKo. Tamadis mier arCeul pirovnebas saqorwilo<br />
sufraze mopa<br />
pasu<br />
suxe<br />
|| bilba<br />
baSi<br />
ewodeboda.<br />
termini Tama<br />
mada<br />
qarTul KofaSi dGes saKovelTaodaa gavrcelebuli<br />
da niSnavs sufris ufross, sadGegrZeloebis<br />
mTqmels. s. JanaSias azriT, es sitKva kavkasiur enebSi sxvadasxva<br />
mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba da niSnavs mamasaxliss, amorCeuls,<br />
sufris ufross (JanaSia 1968, gv. 136). T. ivelaSvilis dakvirvebiT,<br />
Tamada sufris ufrosi iKo. am sitKvis damkvidrebis<br />
drod saqarTveloSi mas <strong>XIX</strong> saukune miaCnia (ivelaSvili 1995,<br />
gv. 13). n. abakelia wers: `Tamada, cnobili qarTvelologis<br />
k. Smidtis azriT, Cerqezuli sitKvaa da niSnavs `mama ufals~<br />
(abakelia 1997, gv. 146). termin `Tamadis~ sadaurobisa da qar-<br />
Tul KofaSi misi damkvidrebis Sesaxeb saintereso Sexedulebas<br />
aviTarebs g. gociriZe, romelic am sitKvas sparsulidan Semosulad<br />
miiCnevs. Tamadobis instituti Zvelia da warsulidan<br />
modis (gociriZe 1999, gv. 65).<br />
Tamadis paralelurad samurzaKanoSi gamoiKeneba termini<br />
102<br />
tolba<br />
baSi<br />
Si, romelsac igive azrobrivi da funqcionaluri datvirTva<br />
aqvs. `tolumbaSi Turquli sitKvaa da tikis ufross<br />
niSnavs. igi imave mniSvnelobisaa, rac Tamada~ (qarTuli enis<br />
ganmartebiTi leqsikoni 1960, gv. 316). Tamadisa da tolumba-<br />
Sis Sesaxeb Tavisi mosazreba hqonda z. yiyinaZes. `Tamada da<br />
tolumbaSi erekle II-is dros damkvidrebulia. masTan xSirad<br />
modiodnen stumrebi _ Kaenis Svilebi da maT sapativcemulod<br />
imarTeboda sufra. Sekrebili warCinebulni amoirCevdnen sufraze<br />
Kvelaze karg msmels, dasvamdnen muTaqaze. pirvelad mas<br />
unda daelia azarfeSa da saymlis gemoc mas unda gaesinJa. aqedan<br />
aris warmomdgari Tavi<br />
vi-ma<br />
mada<br />
da. tolumbaSic imitom daerqva,<br />
rom aseve zemoxsenebuli piri iKo tole<br />
lebis Tavi<br />
vi, anu sparsulad<br />
`baSi~. (mTawmindeli 1878, #19). termini tolum<br />
lumba<br />
baSi<br />
mTel saqarTveloSia gavrcelebuli, Tumca igi ufro metad<br />
dominirebs megrulSi.<br />
bilba<br />
baSi<br />
mxolod dasavleT saqarTvelos KofaSi dasturdeba.<br />
igi Turquli sitKvaa da niSnavs Tamadis moadgiles, Semwes<br />
(Магазаник 1945:76). samegreloSi tolum<br />
lumba<br />
baSis<br />
Sisa da bilba<br />
ba-<br />
Sis gavrcelebis mizezi TurqeTis gavleniT aixsneba.<br />
tolumbaSsa da bilbaSs erTi kviriT adre afrTxilebda<br />
oJaxis ufrosi. Tamada mTeli kviris ganmavlobaSi marilian<br />
myads yamda, rom mowKureboda da bevri Gvino daelia. tolumbaSs<br />
sufraze naxva<br />
xvawa<br />
wa-s (`Gomis qerqs~) daudebdnen, romelic,<br />
respodentTa gadmocemiT, xels uwKobda msmels Gvinis daleva-<br />
Si. Tu vinme droze adre, lxinis damTavrebamde, adgeboda<br />
sufridan, mas aJarimebdnen da erTi sasmisiT mets asmevdnen,<br />
rasac ontKolaSur<br />
Sur-s (`natalaxars~) uwodebdnen. tolumbaSisa<br />
da bilbaSis lxinidan adre wasvla darCenilis gamarJvebas niSnavda.<br />
rogorc vxedavT, megrul sufraze Gvinis smaSi namdvili<br />
paeqroba imarTeboda. Kvelaze meti Gvinis daleva gmirobis<br />
tolfasi iKo. tolumbaSi, qarTuli sufris tradiciisamebr,<br />
or-sam sadGegrZelos warmoTqvamda, romlis Semdeg nefe-patar-<br />
Zali unda edGegrZelebina. am dros igi moiTxovda sefaSi<br />
SemoeKvanaT axaldaqorwinebulebi, raTa TavianTi kuTvnili ad-<br />
103
gili _ saxa<br />
xaTe<br />
Teco kunTxu<br />
daekavebinaT.<br />
sufraze sadGegrZeloebis sami wKeba icodnen. erT wKeba-<br />
Si ramdenime yiqa Sedioda, xolo meore da mesame wKebas<br />
sadGegrZeloebis raodenoba emateboda. tolumbaSi Tu ver<br />
SemorCeboda lxins, maSin sufras bilbaSi gauZGveboda, magram<br />
es iSviaTad xdeboda. tradiciulad tolumbaSi misTvis gankuTvnil<br />
Kvela sadGegrZelos warmoTqvamda da dalevda. Semdeg<br />
bilbaSic ramdenime sadGegrZelos itKoda da bolo yiqiT pativiscemisa<br />
da sufris kargad gaZGolisaTvis Tamadas adGegrZelebda.<br />
Tu Tamada da bilbaSi funqciebs Tavs kargad gaar-<br />
Tmevdnen, maSin Tamadas, saqorwilo sufris tradiciisamebr,<br />
qorwilSi dakluli saqonlis Tavi, xolo bilbaSs _ beyi<br />
ekuTvnoda. erT-erTis damarcxebis SemTxvevaSi gamarJvebuls<br />
rCeboda saqonlis Tavic da beyic. dasavleT saqarTveloSi wesad<br />
iKo sufraze saqonlis moxarSuli beyis mitana, rasac Tan<br />
axlda Sesabamisi sawebelic, romelic sufris xelmZGvanelebisaTvis<br />
sagangebod mzaddeboda (caiSeli 1884, gv. 156). lamazad<br />
morTuli saqonlis moxarSuli Tavi da beyi Tamadisa da bilbaSis<br />
win ido.<br />
sufra sruldeboda olur-ku<br />
kula<br />
la-Ti, anu `wasasvleli TasiT~.<br />
olu zanurSi niSnavs gzas (Кипшидзе 1914:429). kula<br />
xis patara Tasi iKo, cotaTi gansxvavebuli im sasmisisagan,<br />
romliTac Gvinos miirTmevdnen. `olur kulas~ simGeras qalis<br />
maKrebi wamoiwKebdnen. am dros sadGegrZelos Seusmeloba sircxvilad<br />
iTvleboda.<br />
samurzaKanoSi saqorwilo sufra gamTeniisas unda dasrulebuliKo.<br />
bilba<br />
baSi<br />
sadGegrZeloebs dilamde daamTavrebda,<br />
radgan mas Jer kidev xis totze mJdari dedali Tofis erTi<br />
gasroliT unda Camoegdo da oJaxis diasaxlisisaTvis mierTmia.<br />
c i r a J a n J G a v a<br />
megru<br />
gruli Suri<br />
`su<br />
suli<br />
li~ deri<br />
riva<br />
vateb<br />
tebsa<br />
da kompo<br />
pozi<br />
ziteb<br />
tebSi<br />
Suri<br />
`suli~ megrulSi farTod aris gamoKenebuli derivatebsa<br />
da kompozitebSi.<br />
aGniSnuli sitKvisagan gvaqvs rogorc prefiqsuli, ise<br />
sufiqsuri da prefiqsul-sufiqsuri warmoebis nimuSebi.<br />
prefiqsad no- º na- gamoiKeneba:<br />
no-Suri º na-Suri `dasunTquli (gvelis pirSexebuli)~<br />
sufiqsur warmoebaSi gvxvdeba -am<br />
am, -eT<br />
eT, -el<br />
el, -o sufiqsiani<br />
devrivatebi.<br />
-am<br />
am: Sur-am<br />
am-i `suniani~ (aqedan -ia<br />
sufiqsiT: Suram-ia<br />
`xemKrali~)<br />
-eT<br />
eT: Sur-eT<br />
eT-i `saiqio~<br />
-el<br />
el: Sur-el<br />
el-i `dasunTquli~<br />
-o Sur-o `sula(c)ar...~<br />
sakmaod xSiria Sur- fuZisagan prefiqsul-sufiqsuri<br />
warmoeba.<br />
o _ e º o _ eT: o-Sur-e º o-Sur-eT<br />
eT-i `saiqio~<br />
ma _ al : ma-Sur-al<br />
al-i `damsunTqveli~<br />
na _ a º na _ e: na-Sur-a º na-Sur-e `dasunTquli~<br />
u _ e: u-Sur-e `usulo; usuno~<br />
KuradGebas iqcevs Sur- fuZisagan sxvadasxva afiqsebiT<br />
nawarmoebi erTi mniSvnelobis mqone sitKvebi (sinonimebi): no-<br />
Suri º naSuri º Sureli º naSura º naSure `dasunTquli~ da<br />
SureTi º oSure º oSureTi `saiqio~.<br />
roca Sur- fuZe kompozitis pirveli komponentia, meore<br />
komponenti SeiZleba iKos arsebiTi da zedsarTavi saxelebi,<br />
ufro xSirad _ nazmnari saxelebi:<br />
Sur-guri `suli da guli~ (Sur<br />
Sur-guriT `suliT da guliT~);<br />
u _ e cirkumfiqsiT: uSurgur<br />
gure `usulgulo~).<br />
Sur-kunta `sulmokle~<br />
104<br />
105
Sur-gotebuli `sulwasuli~<br />
Sur-malafu `momakvlavi~<br />
Sur-sanTxo `sunamo~<br />
Sur-ubumu `sulgakmedili~ da sxva.<br />
sainteresoa, rom megrul dialeqtSi, sakuTriv megruli<br />
Sur-is gverdiT, qarTuli dialeqturi wridan SeTvisebuli<br />
sun-ic gvxvdeba sitKvaSi sunTo<br />
Toba<br />
º sunTa<br />
Taoba<br />
`micvalebulis<br />
moxseniebis dGe~: Sdr. dial. sulTa<br />
Taoba<br />
imave mniSvnelobiT (megrulSi<br />
l → n arabunebrivi lT kompleqsis superaciis Sedegad).<br />
Cvenc unda gavCerdeT? (unda iKos: amitom<br />
da sxva);<br />
• Cven bevri ram unda CagvetvirTa, iqidan gamomdi<br />
mdina<br />
nare<br />
re,<br />
rom manqana mxolod ori saaTiT gvaTxoves; (unda iKos:<br />
vina<br />
naidan<br />
da sxva);<br />
• iqidan gamomdi<br />
mdina<br />
nare<br />
re, rom anabeydebi ver aGmovaCineT...<br />
(unda iKos: radga<br />
ganac<br />
da sxva);<br />
moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia rekomendaciebi aGniSnul sakiTxTan<br />
dakavSirebiT.<br />
n i n o J o r b e n a Z e<br />
`aqe<br />
aqedan<br />
dan/ iqidan gamomdi<br />
mdina<br />
nare<br />
re~ forma<br />
maTa<br />
umarTe<br />
Tebu<br />
bulo xmare<br />
rebis gamo qarTul<br />
TulSi<br />
Tanamedrove qarTul zepir metKvelebasa (kerZo saubari,<br />
tele da radiogadacemebi) Tu beydviT mediaSi xSirad gvxvdeba<br />
`aqe<br />
aqedan<br />
dan/ iqidan gamomdi<br />
mdina<br />
nare<br />
re~ formebi, romlebmac xmarebidan<br />
gamodevna:<br />
1. amis/imis gamo;<br />
2. ase rom;<br />
3. amitom/imitom, (rom);<br />
4. radgan, radganac;<br />
5. vinaidan;<br />
6. maSasadame da sxva;<br />
magaliTebi:<br />
106<br />
• es sakiTxi iqidan gamomdi<br />
mdina<br />
nare<br />
aris mniSvnelovani...<br />
(unda iKos: imis gamo; imitom<br />
da sxva);<br />
• mas moZGvars veZaxdiT, iqidan gamomdi<br />
mdina<br />
nare<br />
re, rom... (unda<br />
iKos: imitom<br />
tom, rom da sxva );<br />
• mas rom amis gakeTeba ar SeuZlia, aqedan gamomdi<br />
mdina<br />
nare<br />
m a r i n a J G a r k a v a<br />
o_u afiqse<br />
sebi megrul<br />
grulsa<br />
da lazur<br />
zurSi<br />
megrulSic da lazurSic o_u afiqsebiT gaformebuli<br />
zmnuri Zirebi gvxvdeba. megrulSi o_u vnebiTis mawarmoeblebia,<br />
sadac o- sakuTriv vnebiTi gvaris niSania (qarTuli e-s SesatKvisi),<br />
-u ki _ Temis niSani.<br />
o-Cqar<br />
Cqar-u<br />
_ e-Cqar-eb-a<br />
o-natr<br />
natr-u<br />
_ e-natr-eb-a<br />
o-nd<br />
nd-u<br />
_ e-nd-ob-a<br />
aseTi warmoebis vnebiTi lazurSic aris (mag., o-xvew-u-n _<br />
exveweba), Tumca o- prefiqsiani pasivis formebi aq Zalze cotaa.<br />
o_u afiqsebi lazurSi masdars awarmoebs:<br />
o-tkoC<br />
tkoC-u<br />
_ srola<br />
o-qaC<br />
qaC-u<br />
_ dayera<br />
o-GarGal<br />
GarGal-u<br />
_ laparaki, saubari<br />
o_u-Ti nawarmoebi masdarebi megrulSic gvxvdeba. arn.<br />
Ciqobava aGniSnavs, rom yanurisebur masdarebs megruli iKenebs<br />
garkveul gamoTqmebSi: voxvaruq TeSi oyarus<br />
rus, oqimi<br />
minus<br />
nus, oyki<br />
ki-<br />
rus _ vSveli amis wera<br />
raSi<br />
Si, qmnaSi<br />
Si, yraSi<br />
Si... midarTu ogoruSa _<br />
wavida saZebrad (`Zebnad~).<br />
107
megrulSi o- qarTuli sa- prefiqsis SesatKvisia: awarmoebs<br />
daniSnulebis saxelebs (o-qoTom-e _ sa-qaTm-e, o-rz-ol-i<br />
_ sa-gz-al-i) da momavali drois mimGeobas (o-yar-al-i _ da-<br />
sa-wer-i º sa-wer-i, o-Zir-af-al-i _ sa-nax-av-i...).<br />
o- prefiqsis igive funqcia lazurSic dasturdeba:<br />
o-nJie _ sa-wol-i<br />
o-nciru _ sa-cer-i<br />
o-nCinamu _ sacexveli<br />
iseve, rogorc qarTulSi s-, si-, sa-, megrulsa da lazurSi<br />
o- awarmoebs saxelzmnebs.<br />
rac Seexeba -u sufiqss, is Temis niSania (Sdr., keT-eb-a,<br />
tkb-ob-a, Tr-ev-a...), romelic megrulSi masdaris mawarmoebel -<br />
a-s dairTavs, lazurSi ki _ ara. Sdr.:<br />
megr. laz. qarT.<br />
qos-u-a o-qos-u cocxv-a<br />
Gar-u-a o-Gar-u Gar-v-a (da-Gar-v-a)<br />
‡in-u-a o-Kin-u Kin-v-a<br />
masdaris mawarmoebeli -a sufiqsi, _ aGniSnavs arn. Ciqobava,<br />
_ megruls qarTulidan aqvs SeTvisebuli da aqa-iq yanurSic<br />
gvxvdeba (Tqual-a _ Tqma, Surin-a _ SiSi, Tanaf-a _<br />
Teneba).<br />
megrulSic da lazurSic o_u afiqsebs warmoSoba er-<br />
Tnairi aqvT, miuxedavad imisa, rom dGes ZiriTadad sxvadasxva<br />
morfologiur erTeulebs awarmoeben (megrulSi _ vnebiTs,<br />
lazurSi _ masdars).<br />
108