`oqros sawmisi~ da Zveli kolxeTis mosaxleobis eTnikuri vinaoba ...

∗<br />

, 1998 w. 20-27<br />

marti. werilis Tav<strong>da</strong>pirveli<br />

varianti gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong> 1984 wels:<br />

`ra enaze metyveleb<strong>da</strong> mefe<br />

aieti?~ <strong>`oqros</strong> sawmisis~<br />

berZnuli saxelwodebisaTvis~,<br />

, 1984 w. 24 noemberi;<br />

gaz. `samSoblo~, № 24(615), 1984<br />

w. noemberi. amave Temaze ix. agreTve<br />

Cveni Semdegdroindeli publikacia:<br />

`ra enaze metyveleb<strong>da</strong><br />

mefe aieti <strong>da</strong> misi qaliSvili –<br />

grZneuli medea? <strong>Zveli</strong> <strong>kolxeTis</strong><br />

<strong>mosaxleobis</strong> <strong>eTnikuri</strong> identifikaciisaTvis~.<br />

, 2003 w. 16–22<br />

maisi; Jurn. `burji erovnebisa~,<br />

№7–8(68), Tbilisi, 2003, gv.<br />

2–3.<br />

<strong>`oqros</strong> <strong>sawmisi~</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>Zveli</strong> <strong>kolxeTis</strong><br />

<strong>mosaxleobis</strong> <strong>eTnikuri</strong> <strong>vinaoba</strong><br />

anu<br />

ra enaze metyveleb<strong>da</strong> mefe aieti?<br />

(qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis<br />

samaTaswlovan TariRTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT) ∗<br />

istoriul mecnierebaTa sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>rgebSi (arqeologia,<br />

eTnologia, migraciaTa Teoria <strong>da</strong> sxv.) am bolo<br />

aTwleulebSi farTod gavrcel<strong>da</strong> istoriul movlenaTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> procesTa aRwerasTan erTad maTi eqsperimentuli<br />

verifikacia, rac gulisxmobs eqsperimentul <strong>da</strong> laboratoriul<br />

pirobebSi garkveuli istoriuli movlenis<br />

an arqauli teqnologiuri procesis SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvarad<br />

gameoreba-reproducirebas. xalxTa uZveles eTnikur<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>nacvlebaTa <strong>da</strong> moZraobaTa Seswavlis SemTxvevaSi<br />

savaraudo migraciebis eqsperimentul verificirebas<br />

warmoadgens amgvar migraciaTa <strong>da</strong> moZraobaTa gzebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> marSrutebis gameoreba saTanado kulturulistoriuli<br />

<strong>da</strong> teqnologiuri pirobebis <strong>da</strong>cviT. amis<br />

klasikuri magaliTi iyo Tur heier<strong>da</strong>lis wynari okeaniT<br />

mogzauroba peru<strong>da</strong>n polineziis arqipelag tuamotumde<br />

tiviT `kon-tiki~. <strong>Zveli</strong> berZeni `argonavtebis~<br />

kolxeTSi istoriuli mogzaurobis amgvarive istoriul<br />

verificirebas warmodgen<strong>da</strong>, agreTve, am ramdenime xnis<br />

win saqarTveloSi tim severinisa <strong>da</strong> misi jgufis Camosvla<br />

arqauli xomaldiT.<br />

tim severinis am eqspediciam `argonavtebis~ nakvalevze<br />

eWvmiutaneli gaxa<strong>da</strong> amgvari eqspediciis SesaZlebloba<br />

uZveles dros, e.i. Zv. welTaRricxvis meore aTaswleulis<br />

meore naxevarSi, romliTac TariRdeba `argonavtebis<br />

miTSi~ moTxrobili ambebi. Tumca `axali drois argonavtebis~<br />

am istoriulma eqspediciam ver gaarkvia (<strong>da</strong> amas<br />

igi, albaT, verc gaarkvev<strong>da</strong>) erTi arsebiTi sakiTxi _<br />

berZeni `argonavtebis~ droindeli <strong>kolxeTis</strong> <strong>mosaxleobis</strong><br />

<strong>eTnikuri</strong> <strong>da</strong> enobrivi Sedgeniloba. dRemde azrTa<br />

sxvaobas iwvevs sakiTxi, Tu ra mosaxleoba <strong>da</strong>xv<strong>da</strong>T<br />

istoriul kolxeTSi iq misul berZnebs, ra enaze laparakob<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>mxvduri kolxuri mosaxleoba; sxva sityvebiT<br />

rom vTqvaT, ra enaze metyvelebdnen <strong>kolxeTis</strong> anu aiaqveynis<br />

mefe aieti <strong>da</strong> misi Svilebi. TviT berZnul miTSi<br />

<strong>da</strong> mis Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT gviandel gadmocemebSi ar aris<br />

<strong>da</strong>saxelebuli pir<strong>da</strong>pir arc erTi adgilobrivi sityva,<br />

romelic migvaniSneb<strong>da</strong> kolxuri <strong>mosaxleobis</strong> enobriv<br />

<strong>vinaoba</strong>s, xolo berZnul gadmocemaSi mocemul adgilobriv<br />

mkvidrTa saxelebi amis saSualebas ar iZleva,

---

vinai<strong>da</strong>n maT ar eZebnebaT ramdenadme <strong>da</strong>majerebeli<br />

etimologiebi, romlebic am saxelebs eWvmiutanlad<br />

romelsame enas miakuTvneb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

magram `argonavtebis miTis~ berZnul teqstSi erTi<br />

sityva mainc SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>va<strong>da</strong>sturoT, romelic, rogorc<br />

Cans, erTmniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs adgilobrivi<br />

kolxuri <strong>mosaxleobis</strong> enobriv kuTvnilebas <strong>da</strong> migvi-<br />

TiTebs, Tu ra enaze metyveleb<strong>da</strong> xalxi aia-qveynisa, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

gavrcelebuli iyo oqros sawmisis kulti, <strong>da</strong>savleT<br />

saqarTvelos mTian raionebSi dRemde rom aris<br />

SemorCenili cxvris tyavis gansakuTrebuli sakulto<br />

mniSvnelobis saxiT. es sityva TviT <strong>`oqros</strong> sawmisis~<br />

berZnul saxelwodebas warmoadgens, <strong>`oqros</strong> sawmisis~<br />

<strong>da</strong> saerTod cxvris tyavis aRsaniSnavad.<br />

argonavtebis miTis teqstSi <strong>da</strong>, sazogadod,<br />

berZnulSi ixmareba sityva `koas~, romelic ufro<br />

arqauli `kovas~ formisagan momdinareobs. uZvelesi xanis<br />

berZnulSi, romelic cnobilia mikenuri berZnulis<br />

saxelwodebiT (Zv.w. XV–XIII saukuneebi), <strong>da</strong>sturdeba<br />

`kovo~ sazogadod `tyavis~ mniSvnelobiT. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, am<br />

uZvelesi berZnuli sityvis fuZe `tyavis~, `cxvris<br />

tyavis~ <strong>da</strong> `(oqros) sawmisis~ mniSvnelobiT aRdgeba<br />

kov-formis saxiT. am sityvas berZnulSi ar eZebneba<br />

indoevropuli Sesatyvisebi <strong>da</strong> berZnulisaTvis ucxo<br />

enobrivi samyaro<strong>da</strong>n SeTvisebulad un<strong>da</strong> CaiTvalos.<br />

amitom savsebiT bunebrivi Cans `sawmisis~ anu `cxvris<br />

tyavis~ aRmniSvneli ucxouri sityva im enobrivi<br />

samyaro<strong>da</strong>n momdinared miviCnioT, romelTanac berZnebs<br />

uZvelesi droi<strong>da</strong>n kontaqtebi <strong>da</strong> kulturuli urTier-<br />

Toba hqon<strong>da</strong>T <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>c `cxvris tyavs~ gansakuTrebuli<br />

sakulto mniSvneloba eniWebo<strong>da</strong>. am TvalsazrisiT kov-<br />

(`cxvris tyavi~) sityvis Sefaseba ayenebs pirvel rigSi<br />

am sityvis urTierTobis sakiTxs qarTul-qarTvelur<br />

tyav- (tyov-) tkov- sityvasTan amave mniSvnelobiT.<br />

qarTuli tyav-i sityvis <strong>da</strong>savlur-qarTveluri,<br />

zanuri anu megrul-lazuri varianti un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo<br />

Zvelad tyov-/tkov- forma (Tanamedrove megruli tyeb-i,<br />

lazuri tkeb-i `tyavi~ am uZveles formaTa Semdgomi<br />

cvlilebebis Sedegad aris miRebuli). swored es<br />

qarTveluri anu megrul-lazuri tyov-/tkov- sityva<br />

`tyavis~ mniSvnelobiT gamoiyenes kolxeTSi mosulma<br />

berZnebma im specifikuri `cxvris tyavis~ aRsaniSnavad,<br />

romelsac am qveyanaSi gansakuTrebuli sakulto <strong>da</strong><br />

ritualuri mniSvneloba hqon<strong>da</strong>, rac Semdgom ase<br />

xatovnad aisaxa berZnul miTSi argonavtebis mogzaurobis<br />

Sesaxeb <strong>`oqros</strong> sawmisis~ qveyanaSi. TviT formis

---

TvalsazrisiT, savsebiT bunebrivia, rom <strong>da</strong>savlurqarTveluri,<br />

zanuri tyov-/tkov- sityva `(cxvris)<br />

tyavis~ mniSvnelobiT berZnebma swored kov- formis<br />

saxiT ga<strong>da</strong>iRes <strong>da</strong> Tavkiduri, berZnulisaTvis arabunebrivi<br />

ty-/tk- TanxmovanTjgufi k- Tanxmovnad gaamartives,<br />

iseve rogorc <strong>da</strong>savlur-qarTuli (m)tkuar-//(m)tkursaxeli<br />

mdinare `mtkvris~ aRsaniSnavad berZnebma gamartivebis<br />

Sedegad kur- formiT ga<strong>da</strong>iRes (Sdr. rusuli Кура,<br />

romelic mdinare `mtkvris~ saxelwodebis berZnul variants<br />

emyareba).<br />

amrigad, savaraudoa, rom <strong>`oqros</strong> sawmisis~ <strong>da</strong> saer-<br />

Tod `tyavis~ aRsaniSnavad berZnebi sakuTriv berZnuli<br />

`derma~ (Sdr. Tanamedrove termini `dermatologia~)<br />

sityvis gverdiT iyenebdnen ucxo enobrivi samyaro<strong>da</strong>n<br />

Semosul `kov-~ sityvas. am sityvis SeTviseba berZnebis<br />

mier, bunebrivia, swored iq un<strong>da</strong> momx<strong>da</strong>riyo, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

cxvris tyavis kulti iyo gavrcelebuli arqaul epoqaSi,<br />

e.i. kolxeTsa <strong>da</strong> istoriuli <strong>da</strong>savleT saqarTvelos sxva<br />

regionebSi. es ki imas niSnavs, rom aq berZnebis mosvlis<br />

epoqaSi swored <strong>da</strong>savlur-qarTveluri dialeqtebi iyo<br />

gavrcelebuli, megrul-lazuris winapari `zanuri~<br />

dialeqti, romelze<strong>da</strong>c `tyavi~ aRiniSnebo<strong>da</strong> `tyovi/<br />

tkovi~ sityvebiT.<br />

es sityva `tyavisa~ <strong>da</strong> `sawmisis~ aRsaniSnavad berZnebma<br />

kolxeTi<strong>da</strong>n albaT `argonavtebzec~ ufro adre waiRes,<br />

kerZod, maTi pirvelive kontaqtebis dros <strong>kolxeTis</strong><br />

mkvidr mosaxleobasTan, rodesac arqauli berZnuli<br />

tomebi Zv. welTaRricxvis II aTaswleulis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi<br />

moZraobas iwyeben indoevropelTa saerTo samSoblo<strong>da</strong>n<br />

wina aziaSi, <strong>da</strong>savleTis mimarTulebiT, egeosis zRvis<br />

kunZulebisa <strong>da</strong> peloponesisaken. am migraciebis procesSi<br />

Crdilo-<strong>da</strong>savleTis mimarTulebiT isini, rogorc<br />

Cans, samxreT kavkasiasac aRweven, kerZod, istoriul<br />

kolxeTs, <strong>da</strong> aq kontaqtebs amyareben adgilobriv<br />

<strong>da</strong>savlur-qarTvelur tomebTan.<br />

SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vaskvnaT, rom aia-qveynis mefe aieti <strong>da</strong><br />

misi memkvidreni, grZneuli medea <strong>da</strong> misi Zma afsirtosi,<br />

agreTve <strong>kolxeTis</strong> <strong>mosaxleobis</strong>, yovel SemTxvevaSi, erTi<br />

nawili, romelTanac uSualo urTierToba hqon<strong>da</strong>T<br />

mosul berZnebs (sxva SesaZlebel nawilebze Cven aravi-<br />

Tari pir<strong>da</strong>piri cnobebi ar mogvepoveba), <strong>da</strong>savlurqarTul<br />

dialeqtze metyvelebdnen, romlis dRevandeli<br />

gagrZeleba CvenTvis cnobilia megrulisa <strong>da</strong> lazuris<br />

saxiT.<br />

gamodis, rom `argonavtebs~ berZeni gmiris meTaurobiT<br />

kolxeTSi Zv. welTaRricxvis meore aTaswleulis

---

meore naxevarSi eTnikurad igive mosaxleoba <strong>da</strong>xv<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT<br />

imave enebze metyveli, rac Cvens droSi `axal<br />

argonavtebs~ britaneTis mkvidr tim severinis meTaurobiT.<br />

• • •<br />

tim severini saqarTvelos muzeumSi