studenturi eleqtronuli damatebiTi nomeri

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis 

saxelmwifo universiteti 

ekonomikisa da biznesis fakulteti 

Jurnali èkonomika da biznesi~ 

studenturi 

eleqtronuli damatebiTi nomeri 

(el-JurnalSi Sesulia Tsu-s studentTa 69-e samecniero 

konferenciis CarCoTi, ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetze 

saprizo adgilebze gasuli da saqarTvelos sxva 

universitetebis mier gamocxadebul konferenciebSi amave 

fakultetidan monawile gamarjvebul studentTa 

moxsenebaTa Sinaarsebi) 

Tbilisi 

2008-2009 saswavlo weli 

1

organizatorebisagan 

saqarTvelos, romlis saukeTeso tradiciebi ganaTlebis sferoSi sayovelTaod iyo cnobili 

(fazisis filosofiisa da ritorikis skola kolxeTSi (IV saukune), gelaTisa da iyal- 

Tos akademiebi (XII saukune), samonastro-saganmanaTleblo centrebi palestinaSi (V saukune), 

siriaSi (VI saukune), saberZneTSi (X-XI saukuneebi), bulgareTSi (XI saukune)) politikurekonomikuri 

dauZlurebisa da bolos ruseTis koloniad gadaqcevis Sedegad ramdenime saukunis 

ganmavlobaSi aRar gaaCnda erovnuli umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebuleba. 

erT-erTi pirveli nabiji, romelic qarTvelma xalxma gadadga meoce saukunis dasawyis- 

Si 1918 wels, erovnuli damoukideblobis mopovebisa da erovnuli demokratiuli saxelmwifos 

gamocxadebisTanave, TbilisSi erovnuli universitetis Seqmna iyo. igi im dros pirveli 

da erTaderTi universiteti iyo mTels kavkasiaSi. 

Semdgom bolSevikur da komunistur periodSi, Tavsmoxveuli idologiisa da cenzuris 

miuxedavad, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetma SeZlo erovnuli suliskveTebis SenarCuneba, 

zogadsakacobrio idealebisadmi msaxureba, aRzarda erovnuli inteligenciis saukeTeso warmomadgenlebi, 

Camoayaliba sayovelTaod cnobili samecniero skolebi maTematikaSi, fsiqologiaSi, 

filosofiaSi, lingvistikaSi, istoriografiaSi. safuZveli Cauyara mravali umaRlesi 

saswavleblisa da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis Seqmnas. 

ekonomikis fakulteti damoukidebeli saxiT 1931 wels Camoyalibda. manamde ekonomikuri 

specialobebi, iuridiul specialobebTan erTad, socialur-ekonomikur fakultetSi iyo 

gaerTianebuli, romelic 1922 wlidan Seudga saqmianobas. fakultetis misiaa sistemurobis, 

memkvidreobiTobisa da uwyvetobis principebze dafuZnebuli maRalxarisxiani, xelmisawvdomi 

da Tanamedrove donis ekonomikuri da biznes-ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofa, Sromis saerTaSoriso 

bazarze konkurentunariani specialistebis momzadeba, samecniero kvlevebis warmarTva saer- 

TaSoriso samecniero wreebTan mWidro kavSirSi. 

fakultetze sxvadasxva samsaxurebisa da kaTedrebis iniciativiT mTeli rigi konferenciebi 

da Sexvedrebi imarTeba. maT Soris saTanado yuradReba eTmoba studentur konferenciebs. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom sauniversiteto konferenciaze gamarjvebuli axalgazrdebi did warmatebebs 

aRweven saqarTvelos sxva umaRlesi saswavleblebis mier gamocxadebul konferenciebSi, 

rasac qvemoT warmodgenili moxsenebebi adasturebs. 

Tsu-s ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetze 2008 wlis ianvridan gamoicema saerTaSoriso 

referirebadi da recenzirebadi samecniero-praqtikuli Jurnali èkonomika da biznesi~. 

fakultetis xelmZRvanelobis, Jurnalis redaqtorisa (prof. r. gogoxia) da teqnikuri redaqtoris 

(prof. m. turava) TanadgomiT gaweuli iqna didi moculobis saorganizacio samu- 

Sao saimisod, rom ganxorcielebuliyo kidev erTi saintereso wamowyeba - yovelwliuri 

eleqtronuli studenturi damatebiTi nomris Seqmna. es idea organizatorebs swored studentur 

konferenciebze wakiTxul moxsenebaTa maRalma donem ukarnaxa. JurnalSi arsebuli 

moxsenebebis gamosaqveyneblad mzaoba dadasturebulia Sesabamisi kaTedris xelmZRvanelTa da 

studentebis mecnier-xelmZRvanelTa vizirebiT, xolo moxsenebebSi gamoTqmul mosazrebebze 

pasuxismgebelia avtori. aRniSnulis miuxedavad, batonebma rezo gogoxiam da murman turavam 

studentTa naSromebi didi gulisyuriT waikiTxes, risTvisac gvsurs maT guliTadi madloba 

gadavuxadoT. 

2

studentur eleqtronul JurnalSi Sesulia 2008-2009 saswavlo wels iv. javaxiSvilis 

saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis studentTa 69-e samecniero konferenciis 

CarCoTi, ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis kaTedrebze saprizo adgilebze gasuli da 

saqarTvelos sxva universitetebis mier gamocxadebul konferenciebSi amave fakultetidan 

monawile gamarjvebul studentTa moxsenebaTa Sinaarsebi. 

sauniversiteto 69-e konferenciis yvela gamarjvebuli studenti dajildovda sigeliT, 

xolo I-III adgilze gasuli studentebi ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi 

TviTmmarTvelobis mier dajildoebul iqnen wignis maRaziis vauCerebiT. sazeimo viTarebaSi 

samaxsovro saCuqrebi gadaecaT aseve maT, vinc universitetis saxeliT gamarjveba moipoves 

sxva umaRlesi saswavleblebis mier organizebul konferenciebze. 

studenturi eleqtronuli Jurnali teqnikurad moamzades Tavad konferenciis monawileebma. 

imis gamo, rom momxsenebelTa nawilma naSromebi winaswargamocxadebul vadaSi da 

saTanado formatiT ar warmoadgina, Jurnalis sasurvel doneze momzadeba sakmaod rTuli 

gasamarTi aRmoCnda. Sedegad el-Jurnali mcireodeni xarvezebiT qveyndeba, risTvisac mkiTxvels 

bodiSs vuxdiT. maT vinc obieqturi mizezebis gamo ver moaxerxes naSromis 

warmodgena, ganaxlebuli variantis gamoqveynebis saSualeba miecemaT momdevno nomerSi. 

vimedovnebT, rom samomavlod studentebi ufro meti yuradRebiT moekidebian naSromebis 

warmodgenis moTxovnebis dacvas. gisurvebT warmatebebs. 

Tsu-s ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis 

samecniero kvlevebisa da ganviTarebis 

samsaxuris ufrosi asoc. prof. i. gagniZe 

Tsu-s IV kursis bakalavri 

TaTuli duSuaSvili 

studenturi saredaqcio kolegia: TaTuli duSuaSvili (xelmZRvaneli) 

TinaTin axvlediani 

Tamriko facia 

Tamuna akofaSvili 

qeTevan adeiSvili 

3

S i n a a r s i 

giorgi yufaraZe ,,saqarTvelo da evrointegracia~ - saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris 

TanamSromlobis axali perspeqtiva (mecn-xelm. asoc. prof. i. gogoriSvili) ................................ 6 

irakli giorbeliZe Tavisufali industriuli zonebi saqarTveloSi da maTi ganviTarebis 

perspeqtivebi XXI saukuneSi (momzadebulia damoukideblad)...................................................................... 15 

nino fxikiZe finansuri krizisi - `binaTmflobelobis mania~ (mecn-xelm: asoc. prof m. 

julayiZe) ………............................................................................................................................................................................ 20 

giorgi nikuraZe informaciuli revolucia da ekonomikuri politikis evolucia (mecn-xelm: 

asoc. prof. i. gogoriSvili) ….................................................................................................................................... 29 

mariam WurWelauri sarkinigzo klasteri saqarTveloSi (mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. i. 

gagniZe)........................................................................................................................................................................................ 35 

TinaTin axvlediani sareklamo biznesis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi (mecn-xelm: sruli prof. T. 

Sengelia) …................................................................................................................................................................................. 40 

valeriane joxaZe, qeTevan pirveli sastumro biznesi saqarTveloSi (mecn-xelm: sruli prof. 

T. Sengelia) ............................................................................................................................................................................... 45 

daviT gabriWiZe, mariam kevliSvili rZis poduqtebis bazari saqarTveloSi (mecn-xelm: sruli 

prof. T. Sengelia) …........................................................................................................................................................... 50 

qeTevan RuduSauri sabanko riskebis marTvis srulyofis koncefcia (mecnier-xelmZR. asist. 

prof. c. oqruaSvili) .................................................................................................................................................... 54 

e k o n o m i k i s m i m a r T u l e b a 

givi melqaZe inflaciis TargeTireba saqarTveloSi (mecn-xelm: ek. akad. doqt. g. xasia) 

........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 59 

salome jaSi msoflio finansuri krizisi da saqarTvelo (mecn-xelm: asist. prof. n. kakulia) 

....................................................................................................................................................................................... 64 

zurab ziraqaZe sapensio sistemis reforma saqarTveloSi (mecn-xelm: sruli profesori n. 

xaduri) ….................................................................................................................................................................................... 69 

bela CaCibaia, baia CaCibaia reklamis gavlena ludis gayidvebis moculobaz (mecn-xelm: sruli 

prof. e. xaraiSvili) .................................................................................................................................................... 73 

naTia meliTauri riskebi da dazRvevis imitaciuri modelebi (mecn-xelm: sruli prof. e. xaraiSvili) 

……............................................................................................................................................................................... 79 

qeTevan jibuti qarTuli mineraluri da mtknari wylebis konkurentunarianoba (mecn-xelm: 

sruli prof. e. xaraiSvili)........................................................................................................................................ 85 

nino patariZe, lili wverava, salome samxaraZe evropis biznes angelozTa qseli da 

saqarTvelo (mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. S. SaburiSvili) .............................................................................. 91 

nika grZeliSvili, SoTa kupataZe transnacionaluri kompaniebi saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi 

(mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. d. sixaruliZe) ........................................................................................................... 97 

nino oqruaSvili globaluri finansuri krizisi da saqarTvelo (mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. S. 

SaburiSvili) .................................................................................................................................................................... 103 

4

TaTuli duSuaSvili mcire da saSualo mewarmeobis warmatebis strategia (mecn-xelm: sruli 

prof. r. gvelesiani) .......................................................................................................................................................... 108 

mariam gogiaSvili inflacia: arsi, mizezebi, Sedegebi (mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. j. 

janjRava)…................................................................................................................................................................................... 114 

mixeil dvaliSvili inflaciis statistika da makroekonomikuri tendenciebi saqarTveloSi 

(mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. m. mindoraSvili)...............................................................................................................119 

Salva giorgaZe saqarTvelosa da msoflios mosaxleobis ricxovnobis prognozebi 

(mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. m. xmalaZe) ...................................................................................................................... 123 

irakli makalaTia siRaribe uaxlesi periodis saqarTveloSi (mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. b. 

gabiZaSvili) ........................................................................................................................................................................... 126 

b i z n e s i s a d m i n i s t r i r e b i s m i m a r T u l e b a 

gvanca dgebuaZe mcire biznesis ganviTarebis donis faqtobrivi analizi (mecn-xelm: sruli 

prof. T. Sengelia) ............................................................................................................................................................ 132 

lana sulakaZe, salome vaSakiZe fiWuri kavSirgabmulobis biznesi saqarTveloSi (mecn-xelm: 

asoc. prof. g. erqomaiSvili) ....................................................................................................................................... 138 

irakli xubua globaluri finansuri krizisi da misi gavlena saqarTvelos finansur 

sistemaze (mecn-xeml: asoc. prof. lela baxtaZe) .....................................................................................… 143 

qeTevan adeiSvili sigaretis brendebis marketinguli kvleva qarTul bazarze (mecn-xelm. 

asoc. prof. m. veSaguri) ........................................................................................................................................... 148 

giorgi abulaZe momsaxurebis marketingis axali mimarTulebebi saqarTveloSi (mecn-xelm: 

asoc. prof. C. jaSi) ......................................................................................................................................................... 153 

nino gemazaSvili sainvesticio proeqtebis dafinansebis strategia (mecn-xelm: asist. prof. 

Gg. qeSelaSvili) ............................................................................................................................................................. 158 

zviad siWinava testuri gamocdebis Casatarebeli programuli produqti `TEGAPRO~ (mecnxelm: 

asoc. prof. d. siWinava) ............................................................................................................................... 163 

nikoloz cxadaia informaciuli sazogadoebis ekonomikis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi 

(mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. enver lagvilava) ..................................................................................................... 167 

nino CarTolani internet-tqnologiebi da sagadasxado sistema (mecn-xelm: sruli prof. m. 

maRraZe) ............................................................................................................................................................................... 173 

nano samyuraSvili buRaltruli balansis analizuri mniSvneloba (mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. i. 

WilaZe)....................................................................................................................................................................................... 179 

Tamriko facia, giorgi fanjikiZe sasaqonlo maragebis TviTRirebulebis Sefasebis 

meTodebis gavlena mogebis maCvenebelze (mecn-xelm: prof. i. WilaZe) ........................................... 183 

Tamaz deviZe turistuli gamofenebi da bazrobebi (mecn-xelm: asist. prof. m. baramiZe)... 187 

giorgi burduli internet-teqnologiebi turizmSi (mecn-xelm: asist. prof. m. 

melaZe)........................................................................................................................................................................................... 191 

nino gogoberiZe umuSevroba saqarTveloSi da misi daZlevis gzebi (mecn-xelm: 

asoc. prof. n. paiWaZe) ................................................................................................................................................... 196 

5

,,saqarTvelo da evrointegracia~-saqarTvelosa da 

evrokavSirs 

Soris TanamSromlobis axali perspeqtiva 1 

giorgi yufaraZe 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm. asoc. prof. i. gogoriSvili 

msoflio ekonomikaSi qveyanaTa integraciuli gaerTianebebi sul ufro 

metad mzard rols asruleben. qveyanaTa es gaerTianebebi afarToeben TavianTi 

kompetenciis sferoebs, Rrmavdeba gaerTianebis wevr qveynebs Soris konvergenciis 

procesebi. Tanamedrove etapze saerTaSoriso ekonomikur integraciaSi 

monawileoba qveynis konkurentunarianobis amaRlebis erT-erTi mamoZravebeli 

faqtoria msoflio bazarze. 

es procesebi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania patara qveynebisaTvis, romelTa 

ekonomikuri zrda efuZneba pirdapir ucxour investiciebs da saeqsporto 

potencialis zrdas grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi. saeqsporto bazrebis stabiluroba 

da ucxour investiciaTa mozidva arsebiTi faqtoria saqarTvelos 

makroekonomikuri wonasworobisaTvis. amasTan, FDI-is ganxorcilebas saqarTveloSi 

xels Seuwyobs qveynis mier Tavisufali vaWrobis reJimis miRweva, iseT 

msxvil bazarze, rogoric evrokavSiris bazaria_ucxoeli investorisaTvis sxva 

potenciurad arsebul upiratesobebTan erTad, saqarTevloSi investireba 

niSnavs evrokavSiris bazarze Sesvlasac. (Tu es ukanaskneli miRweul iqna) 

am mxriv mniSvnelovania qveynis swrafva evrokavSiris wevrobisaken; es 

procesi mimdinareobs etapobrivad da igi qveynis mier miRweul progress 

efuZneba. am etapze saqarTvelo ar ganixileba rogorc kandidati qveyana; magram 

evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobebi sul ufro did masStabebs 

iZens. 2008 wlis zafxulSi wamoyenebul iqna iniciativa ,,aRmosavleTis 

partniorobis Sesaxeb”, romelic samezoblo politikis erTgvar gagrZelebad da 

TanamSromlobis ufro mWidro formatad gevevlineba. 

evrokavSirTan sruli integraciis gzaze mniSvnelovania yoveli axali 

formatis wamoyenebisas moxdes ukve miRweuli progresis Sefaseba, wevri qveynebis 

gamocdilebis gaziareba, axali SesaZleblobebis gamovlena, raTa sabolood 

miRweul iqnas saqarTvelos sagareo politikis mTavari mizanievrokavSiris 

wevroba. amasTan - ,,istoria TavisTavad ar meordeba, yvela kandidati 

qveyana aris unikaluri da aqedan gamomdinare ar SeiZleba molaparakebebis 

gamocdileba pirdapir iqnes gadmoRebuli, magram amave dros EU, yvela sxva didi 

gaerTianebebis (organizaciebis msgavsad) iyenebs ukve aprobirebul meTodebsa 

da instrumentebs-evropis gafarToebis principebis CaTvliT’’ 2 

1 moxseneba wakiTxul iqna Tsu-s evropuli kvlevebis institutis mier organizebul studentTa II 

samecniero konferenciaze da daikava I adgili. avtorma sxva Temis momzadebis Sedegad aseve I adgili 

daikava Savi zRvis universitetis mier organizebul studentTa konferenciaze 2009 wels. 

2 Lithunia’s Road to the European Union: Unification of Europe and Lithuanias EU accession negotiation’’ ed. By 

Klaudijus Maniokas, Ramunas Vilpisausamkas, Darius Zeroulis; Vilnius:Eugrimas 2005 pp5-6 

6

imisaTvis, rom SevafasoT miRweuli progresi saqarTvelosa da evrokav- 

Siris urTierTobebSi, gamovyoT is axali SesaZleblobebi, rac arsebobs àRmosavleTis 

partniorobis iniciativaSi~ mizanSewonilia ganvixiloT dRemde arsebuli 

urTierTobebis evolucia evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos Soris. amasTan, 

Cveni kvelevis ZiriTadi yuradReba gadatanilia ,,aRmosavleTis partniorobis 

iniciativis’’ sakiTxebze. 

Ddamoukidebel saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris urTierToba daiwyo 

1992 wlidan. Aam wels evrokavSirma saqarTvelo damoukidebel saxelmwifod 

scno da daiwyo masTan aqtiuri TanamSromloba. 

1993 wlidan evrokavSirma miznad daisaxa gaemravalferovnebina Tavisi 

sagareo urTierTobebi mTeli rigi regionebisa da qveynebisaTvis daxmarebebis 

gaweviT. erT-erTi regioni, romelsac evrokavSirma didi daxmareba gauwia 

samxreT kavkasia iyo. 

1994 wlidan saqarTvelom daiwyo evrokavSirTan partniorobisa da 

TanamSromlobis SeTanxmebaze muSaoba. am SeTanxmebam, romelic luqsemburgSi 

1996 wlis 22 aprils iqna xelmowerili, gansazRvra is ZiriTadi CarCo, 

romelSic unda ganviTarebuliyo saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris momavali 

urTierTobebi. 1996 wlis 22 aprils luqsemburgSi aRniSnul xelSekrulebas 

xeli moaweres evrokavSiris wevri saxelmwifoebis warmomadgenlebma, evrokomisiis 

prezidentma da saqarTvelos prezidentma. is ZalaSi Sevida 1999 wels. 

2003 wlis 7 ivliss evrokavSirma samxreT kavkasiis regionSi Tavisi specialuri 

warmomadgeneli daniSna, riTac kidev erTxel gausva xazi am regionis 

qveynebisadmi Tavis interess. 

2004 wlis 14 ivniss evrokavSiris (ministrTa) sabWom miiRo gadawyvetileba 

azerbaijanis, saqarTvelos da somxeTis evropis samezoblo politikaSi CarTvis 

Sesaxeb. amis Semdeg saqarTvelos evrokavSirTan urTierTobebi axal fazaSi 

Sevida da kidev ufro intensiuri xasiaTi miiRo. 

dReisaTvis evrokavSiris daxmarebis farglebSi mimdinareobs iseTi programebi, 

rogoricaa teqnikuri daxmarebis programa TACIS, humanitaruli daxmarebis 

programa ECHO, sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programa FSP, gansakuTrebuli finansuri 

daxmarebis programa EFA, sareabilitacio programa post-konfliqtur 

regionebSi, demokratiisa da adamianTa uflebebis dacvis evropuli programa 

EIDHR, erToblivi aqcia erTiani sagareo da usafrTxoebis politikis farglebSi 

Joint Action in the framework of Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP); aseve saxelmwifoTaSorisi 

proeqtebi (TRACECA, INOGATE, garemos dacvis proeqtebi da sxva). 

aRmosavleTis partnioroba 1 aris evropis samezoblo politikis evolucia. 

evropis samezoblo politika SemuSavda EevrokavSiris 2004 wlis gafarToebis 

konteqstSi, rac ZiriTadad ukavSirdeboda imas rom evrokavSiri miiswafvoda ar 

gaCeniliyo axali gamyofi xazebi gafarToebul evrokavSirsa da mis danarCen 

mezobel qveynebs Soris; nacvlad amisa gaZlirebuliyo stabiluroba, usafrTxoeba 

da keTildReoba; dasawyisSi samezoblo politika iyo gamiznuli UuSualo 

1 mocemuli sakiTxebi ZiriTadad damuSavebulia evrokavSiris oficialuri saitidan : 

htpp://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/eastern/index_en.htm 

7

mezoblebisaTvis: alJiri, belarusi, egvipte, isreli, iordania, libani, libia, 

maroko, palestinis avtonomia, siria, tunisi da ukrina. 2004 welSi politika 

gafarTovda da moicva samxreT kavkasiis qveynebi. 

aRmosavleTis partniorobis ZiriTadi elementebi SemuSavda barselonas 

procesze da gansakuTrebiT xmelTaSua zRvis iniciativaze. aRmosavleTis partnioroba 

miznad isaxavs gaxados evrokavSiris partniroba xmelTaSua zRvisa da 

aRmosavleTis evropis qveynebTan ufro simetriuli. Aamave dros ori veqtoris 

dasaxva niSnavs gansxvavebul geografiul, istoriul, da kulturul realobas 

evrokavSiris ori samezoblosa. Easeve asaxavs SesaZleblobas ufro axlo 

urTierTobisa evrokavSiras da aRmosavleT mezoblebs Soris, rac aZlevs Sans 

am qveynebs warmatebiT ganaxorcielon reformirebis procesi da dauaxlovdnen 

evrokavSirs. 

aRmosavleTis partniorobis iniciativa agreTve iTvaliswinebs im gamocdilebas, 

rac axlda evrokavSiris gafarToebas centraluri da dasavleT evropis 

mimarTulebiT, gansakuTrebiT politikis instrumentebSi. magaliTad, mravalmxrivi 

formati rCeba struqturul dialogad evrokavSirsa da asocirebul qveynebs 

Soris. 

ruseT-saqarTvlos omma uSualod ganapiroba es iniciativa. man cxadyo 

samezoblo politikis naklovanebebi da dasva saWiroeba SemuSavebuliyo axali 

TanamSromlobis instrumenti regionis stabilurobisTvis. Eevropuli sabWos 

riggareSe sxdomaze 2008 wlis 1 seqtmebrs miRebuli gadawyvetileba ,,gadaidgas 

damatebiTi nabijebi vizis gacemis procedurebis gamartivebis Taobaze da sruli 

Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb uaxloes droSi, roca miRweul iqneba winapirobebi~ 

es mosazreba meordeba ufro struqturuli formiT ,,aRmosavleTis 

parniorobaSi~. 

aRmosavleTis partniorobis ZiriTadi elementebi: 

evropuli komisia eswrafvis gaaRrmavos urTierTobebi somxeTTan, 

azerbaijanTan, saqarTvelosTan. moldovasTan, ukrainasa da belorusiasTan(es 

ukanaskneli damokidebulia imaze Tu rogor ganaviTarebs Tavis urTierTobebs 

evrokavSirTan). es saWiroebs axal asocirebis xelSekrulebas, rac moicavs 

Rrma da Tavisufal vaWrobis xelSekrulebebs am qveynebTan, romlebsac aqvT 

survili da SesaZlebloba ufro Rrma CarTulobis, TandaTanobiTi integraciis 

evrokavSiris ekonomikaSi - ufro martivi gadaadgilebiT evrokavSirSi savizo 

mimosvlis TandaTanobiTi gamartivebiT, rasac Tan axlavs aralegaluri 

imigraciis SezRudva. TanamSromloba, aseve miznad isaxavs demokratiisa da 

kargi mmarTvelobis xelSewyobas, energiis usafrTxoebis gaZlirebas da garemos 

dacvas. aseve, xeli Seuwyos xalxTa Soris kontaqtebis gaRrmavebas, mxari 

dauWiros ekonomikur da socialur ganviTarebas damatebiTi dafinansebis 

SeTavazebis gziT sxvadasxva proeqtebisaTvis, raTa aRmofxvril iqnes 

disbalansi da gaizardos stabiluroba. 

aRmosavleTis partniprobis 5 mTavari elementi: 

1.asocirebis xelSekrulebebi 

2. bazarze gaumjobesebuli SeRwevadoba Rma da Tavisufali vaWrobis 

xelSekrulebebiT 

8

3. maRali mobiluoba, rac ganxorciledeba moblurobis da usafrTxoebis 

paqtebiT, savizo xelSekrulebebiT, saerTo Zalisxmeva korufciasa da 

organizebul danaSaulTan brZolaSi, aralegaluri migracis sakiTxebSi 

4. energiis usafrTxoeba 

5. regionaluri ganviTarebis mxardaWera, aseve wevr qveynebs Sorisac 

iniciativa sakmaod mravalferovania detalebSi da uzrunvelyofs samoqmedo 

rukas 5 elementiT. igi Camoyalibebulia ormxivi da mravamxrivi formatebiT. 

ormxrivi formati iTavliswinebs zemoT CamoTvlil sakiTxebs. 

aRmosavleTis partniorobis iniciativis mTavri elementia-asocirebis 

SeTanxmeba. saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi igi cvlis ,,partniorobisa da Tanam- 

Sromlobis Sesaxeb~ SeTanxmebas axali formatiT. es SeTanxmeba efuZneba Tavisufal 

vaWobaze TandaTanobiT gadasvlas da sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT politikis 

daaxloebas. saqarTvelosaTvis es niSnavs: ufro metad mWidro kavSirebs 

EU-sTan; Tavisufali vaWrobis perspeqtivas, infrastruqturis ganviTarebaSi met 

daxmarebas. 

qveyanasTan gaformebul farTo da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali vaWrobis 

Sesaxeb SeTanxmebebs (Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreements). aRniSnuli mizani 

warmoadgens asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebebis Semadgenel erT-erT ZiriTad elements. 

Tavisufali savaWro zona SemoRebul iqneba im partnior qveynebTan, 

romlebic msoflio savaWro organizaciis wevrebi arian. Tavisufali savaWro 

reJimi Seexeba mTlianad savaWro da aseve energetikul seqtorebs da gulisxmobs 

Tavisufali vaWrobis umaRles SesaZlo dones. evrokomisiis dokumenti 

grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi iTvaliswinebs aseve partnior qveynebs Soris Tavisufali 

vaWrobis Sesaxeb analogiuri SeTanxmebebis gaformebas, romlis Sedegic 

SesaZloa iyos samezoblos ekonomikuri gaerTianeba (Neighbourhood Economic 

Community). 

ekonomikuri integraciis gzaze Tavisufali vaWrobis reJimis miRweva 

ganixileba, rogorc mniSvlelovani pirvelsawyisi sruli ekonomikuri integraciisaTvis. 

saqarTvelosa da evrokavSiris savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobebi 

SeiZleba SevafasoT iseTi maCveneblebiT, rogoricaa sagareo savaWro brunva 

evrokavSiris regionis mixedviT, ganxorcielebul ucxour investiciebSi evrokavSiris 

qveynebis wili, eqsport-importis kvotebi amave regionis mixedviT. qveyanaTa 

kavSiris arsebiTi maxasiaTebelia maT Soris ufro mWidro savaWro-ekonomikuri 

urTierTobebis arsebobaa, vidre danarCen msofliosTan; Sesabamisad, qveyana 

romelic eswrafvis evrokavSiris wevrobas, miznad isaxavs gazardos Tavisi 

savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobebi amave gaerTanebasTan. am mxriv sainteresoa, 

rom evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis erT-erTi raodenobrivi kriteriumi (e.w. kopenhagenis 

krteriumi) aris evrokavSirTan saeqsporto vaWrobis wili vaWrobis saerTo 

moculobaSi - 53.6 %. am maCvenebels saqarTvelo sagrZnoblad CamorCeba 

2007 wels - 21.6%. 2006 wels evrokavSirTan savaWro balansSi deficiti 200 milion 

evros Seadgenda. 

evrokavSirTan importis procentuli maCveneblebi 2000-2008 wlebSi izrdeboda; 

misi wili mTlian importSi 26.55dan 37.8% mde meryeobda (sqema #1); eqsportis 

maCveneblebi procentul gamosaxulebaSi CamorCeboda importis analogiur 

9

maCveneblebs da ufro didi meryeobebiT xasiaTdeboda vidre importi. 

Sesabamisad, 2000-2008 wlebSi 17.7% dan 25.0%mde (sqema #2). 

saqarTvelos umsxviles sagareo-savaWro partniorebis ricxvSi evrokavSiris 

qveynebidan 2005 wels Sediodnen: germania (brunvis 7%), bulgareTi (brunvis 

3.4%), safrangeTi (brunvis 2.8 %); 2006 wels _ germania (brunvis 8.5 %), bulgareTi 

(brunvis 3.8%), italia (brunvis 2.7%); 2007 wels _ germania (brunvis 6.9%), 

bulgareTi (brunvis 3.8%). 

sqema #1 1 evrokavSiridan importirebuli produqciis wili mTlian 

importSi (procentobiT) 

40 

20 

26.5 

32 29.2 

37.8 35.6 

29.7 30 29.3 28.7 

0 

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

ganxorcielebul pirdapir ucxour investiciebSi evrokavSiri gvevlineba 

ZiriTad partniorad. (sqema #3) ekonomikuri integraciis erT-erTi faqtoria 

kapitalis koncentracia da gadaxlarTva, rac ayalibebs mZlavr winapirobas 

ekonomikebis urTierTdaaxloebisaTvis. am mxriv evrokavSiris qveynebi, evrokav- 

Siris regioni gvevlineba ZiriTad partniorad; swored am regionze modis 

ganxorcielebuli FDI-is didi wili. amasTan, mniSvnelovania, rom evropis samezoblo 

politikis samoqmedo gegmis erTerTi punqti(4.5) gulisxmobda investiciebis 

ormagi dabegvris Tavidan acilebis xelSekrulebebis gaformebas evrokavSiris 

wevr qveynebTan, rac ZiriTadad miRweulia. saqarTvelos finansTa 

saministros monacemebiT aRniSnuli xelSekrulebebi gaformebulia evrokav- 

Siris wevr 16 qveynasTan, inicirebulia sam qveyanasTan. igi moicavs evrokavSiris 

wevr yvela im qveynas, saidanac ganxorcielda pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi 

bolo wlebis manZilze. 2007 wels umsxviles investorebs evrokavSiris qveynebidan 

warmoadgenda: niderlandebi, safrangeTi, gaerTianebuli samefo, CexeTi, 

dania. 

evrokavSirTan vaWrobisas saqarTvelo sargeblobs evrokavSiris 

SeRavaTebis (preferenciebis) zogadi sistemis meore reJimiT, romelsac ewodeba 

mdgradi ganviTarebis da kargi mmarTvelobis xelSewyobis specialuri sitema 

(GSP+). es reJimi saqarTveloze gavrcelda 2005 wlidan da igi moicavda periods 

2008 wlis CaTvliT. 10 dekembers, 2008 wels evrokavSirma saqarTvelos sami wlis 

1 wyaro: statiaSi gamoyenebulia saqarTvelos statistikis departamentis monacemebi da 

piradi gaangariSebebi 

10

vadiT 2009-2011ww. SeRavaTiani savaWro reJimi gaugrZela. saqarTvelos garda 

aRniSnuli reJimi msoflios 16 qveyanaze vrceldeba. 

sqema #2 1 evrokavSiris qveynebis wili mTlian eqsportSi 

(procentobiT) 

40 

20 

23.7 

19.4 18.3 17.7 19.8 

25 24.1 21.6 24.7 

0 

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

sqema # 3 evrokavSiris qveynebis mier ganxorcilebeuli pirdapiri 

ucxouri investiciebi (%uli wili mTlian FDI-Si) 

80 

60 

40 

30 

63.4 

34.9 

28.2 

39.2 

54.3 

34.2 

56.7 

41.9 

20 

0 

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

mdgradi ganviTarebisa da kargi mmarTvelos xelSewyobis specialuri 

reJimi evrokavSirma saqarTvelos kargi mmarTvelovbisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis 

mxardasaWerad mianiWa. saqarTvelos calmxrivad mieniWa Semcirebuli tarifiT 

an sabaJo mosakrebelis gareSe saqonlis saqarTvelodan evrokavSirSi eqsportirebis 

ufleba. es reJimi SesaZleblobas aZlevs eqsportiorebs: Seamciron 

saqonlis Rirebuleba da uzrunvelyon misi SedarebiT ufro maRali konkurentunarianoba 

Semcirebuli tarifebis xarjze, ukeT gavidnen saeqsporto bazrebze, 

ufro metad gazardon saeqsporto potenciali, moaxdinon Semdgomi investireba 

da zrda, gazardon pirdapiri ucxouri investirebis potenciali, miiRon 

1 moyvanili monacemebi 2004 wlamde moicavs evrokavSiris wevr 25 qveyanas, 2004 wlidan ki 27 

qveyanas bulgareTisa da rumineTis CaTvliT. 

11

ekonomikuri sargebeli TavianTi biznesisagan da masTan dakavSirebuli erTeulebisaTvis 

(kompaniebi, mSromelebi, dasaqmebulebi da momxmarebelebi) 

GSP+ reJimi 7200 dasaxelebis saqonelze vrceldeba. saqarTvelodan am 

saqonlis eqsportireba xorcieldeba sabaJo mosakreblebis gadaxdis gareSe an 

Semcirebuli sabaJo mosakreblebis gadaxdis Semdeg. kerZod, advaloremuli 

tarifi uqmdeba im saqonelze, romelic mxolod am moskreblis gadaxdas 

eqvemdebareba; asevea specialuri mosakrebeli, xolo im saqonelze, romelzec 

orive mosakrebeli unda iqnes gadaxdili, mdgradi ganviTarebisa da kargi 

mmarTvelobis specialuri reJimi mxolod ad valoremuli mosakreblis 

gauqmebas iTvaliswinebs. 

amave dros mniSvnelovania, rom evropis kavSiri sabaJo kavSiria, romlis 

wevri saxelmwifoebi erTmaneTTan vaWrobisas arc moskrebels ixdian da arc 

sabaJo formalobebs aformeben. evrokavSirSi importze erTani sabaJo tarifia 

dawesebuli. amitom, mas Semdeg, rac eqsportiori evrokavSiris wevr erT 

romelime wevr saxlemwifoSi sabaJo formalobebs gaformebs da mosakreblebs 

gadaixdis, saqoneli evrokavSiris savaWro qselSi Tavisuflad brunavs da erTi 

qveynidan meoreSi gadaadgildeba. 

Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom kargi mmarTelobis xelSewyobis specialuri 

reJimi ar aTavisuflebs qarTul saqonels im teqnikuri da fitosanitaruli 

normebis Sesrulebis aucilebobisagan, romlebic evrokavSiris mieraa 

dadgenili. 1 

CASE/Global Insigh 2 -is kvlevebis daskvnis mixedviT, evrokavSirsa da 

saqarTvelos Soris martivi Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba ar 

gamoiwvevs mSp-s zrdas. es arc aris gasakviri, radgan tarifebi saqarTvelodn 

eqsportze ukve isedac dabalia an zog SemTxvevaSi, saerTod gauqmebulia. 

FTA+ (Rrma da yovlismomcvleli Tavisufali vaWroba) evrokavSirsa da 

saqarTvelos Soris mniSvnelovnad gazrdis vaWrobis sargebels. CASE/Global 

Insight-is kvlevis mixedviT Rma da yovlismomcveli FTA-is SemTxvevaSi momdevno 

xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi mSp-s zrdis tempi saqarTeloSi 1.5%-iT meti iqneba. 

usafrTxo garemoSi mobilurobis xelSewyoba àRmosavleT partniorobis~ 

prioritets warmoadgens. am mizniT, evrokavSirma unda SesTavazos partnior qveynebs 

`mobilurobisa da usafrTxoebis paqtebis~ gaformebis perspeqtiva, romelic 

moicavs mobilurobis xelSewyobis aspeqtebsa da usafrTxo garemos Seqmnis 

valdebulebebs. aRniSnuli paqtebi SesaZloa moicavdes TanamSromlobis Semdeg 

sferoebs: aralegaluri migraciis winaaRmdeg brZola; TavSesafris sistemis evrokavSiris 

standartebTan miaxloeba; integrirebuli sazRvris marTvis struqturebis 

Seqmna da am sistemis evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobasTan SesabamisobaSi 

moyvana; sasamarTlo sistemisa da policiis SesaZleblobebis gaZliereba, gansakuTrebiT 

korufciisa da organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis 

1 ufro vcrlad ixileT: evrokavSirTan vaWrobaSi arsebuli satarifo da arasatarifo barierebi, 

k. zaldastaniSvili Jur. saqarTvelos ekonomika #7-8. 2008 w. gv 34-45. 

htpp://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/ 

2 CASE/Global Insight(2008), economic Feasibility, Genaral Economic Impact and Implications of A Free Trade Agreement 

between the European Union and Georgia, Final Report, May. 

12

TvalsazrisiT. aRniSnuli paqtebi gaformdeba TiToeul partnior qveyanasTan 

maTi saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. `mobilurobisa da usafrTxoebis paqtis~ 

mobilurobis elementis ganmaxocielebeli instrumenti iqneba `partnioroba mobilurobisaTvis~, 

romelic moicavs aseve TanamSromlobas savizo politikis 

sferoSi. es ukanaskneli ganxorcieldeba etapobrivad, romlis saboloo mizania 

uvizo mimosvla konkretuli valdebulebebisa da Tanmdevi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebiT, 

maT Soris ek-is finansuri daxmarebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 

SromiTi migraciis sferoSi evrokavSirsa da partnior qveynebs Soris TanamSromlobis 

kuTxiT evrokomisia gegmavs Sesabamisi Semafasebeli kvlevis Catarebas, 

romlis Sedegebis mixedviT evrokavSiri miiRebs gadawyvetilebas konkretuli 

partniori qveynis muSaxelisaTvis sakuTari SromiTi bazris gaxsnis, agreTve 

wriuli migraciis xelSewyobis Taobaze; evropuli samezoblo politikis 

farglebSi partniori qveynebis mier ukve aRebuli politikuri da samarTlebrivi 

valdebulebebis Sesrulebis xelSewyoba, rac uzrunvelyofs mobilurobis 

ganviTarebisaTvis usafrTxo garemos Seqmnas, kerZod zemoxsenebuli paqtis 

farglebSi yuradReba daeTmoba sazRvrebze maRali donis sazRvris marTvis 

procedurebis Camoyalibebas; pirad monacemTa dacvis efeqturi sistemis Seqmnas; 

organizebuli danaSaulis, trefikingisa da maRali donis korufciis winaaRmdeg 

brZolis kuTxiT erovnuli gegmebis SemuSavebasa da ganxorcielebas evrokav- 

Siris standartebis Sesabamisad da sxva. 

AàRmosavleTis partniorobis iniciativa~ iTvaliswinebs partniori qveynebis 

ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis xelSewyobas, romelic gulisxmobs 

evrokavSiris ekonomikuri da socialuri politikis gamocdilebisa da 

meqanizmebis gaziarebas. TanamSromloba am sferoSi SesaZloa moicavdes Semdeg 

RonisZiebebs: urTierTgagebis memorandumis gaformeba regionul politikaze; 

partnior qveynebSi regionuli ganviTarebis programebis ganxorcieleba, romel- 

Ta mizania adgilobrivi infrastruqturis, adamianuri resursebis, mcire da 

saSualo sawarmoTa ganviTarebis xelSewyoba; evrokavSiris regionebsa da partniori 

qveynebis regionebs Soris uSualo TanamSromlobis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba 

samxreT-aRmosavleT, centralur da CrdiloeT evropaSi arsebul transnacionalur 

programebSi monawileobis gziT; sazRvrispira TanamSromlobis (Cross- 

Border Cooperation) programis gafarToeba partnior qveynebs Soris TanamSromlobis 

ganviTarebis xelSewyobis mizniT. 

amgvari midgoma, regionaluri politikis ganxorcileba mniSvnelovania 

TviT evrokavSiris Siga regionebisaTvis. ase magaliTad, 2000-2006 wlebis fiskalur 

struqturaSi evrokavSirma ganaTavsa 213 miliard evro(daaxlobiT erTi 

mesamedi EU-s biujetis) regionaluri politikis transferebisaTvis. am transferebma 

miaRwia 30.4 miliard evro weliwadSi, daaxlobeiT 0.35 % mSp-s da miaxlobiT 

3.2% beneficiari qveynebis regionis mSp-s. evrokavSiris regionaluri 

politika formalurad SemuSavebuli iyo evropis regionebis disproporciulobis 

Sesamcireblad. am politikis CarCoebSi dafinanseba modis mravali fondidan, 

erToblivad cnobili rogorc `struqturuli fondebi~; zogierTi maTgani 

13

Seqmnilia TviT am politikaze adre. regionebs, romelTac aqvT mSp erT sulze 

naklebi evrokavSiris saSulos 75%-isa arian mTavari benficiarebi. 1 

rac Seexeba iniciativis dafinansebas, evrokomisiis rekomendaciiT saWiroa 

finansuri resursebis mniSvnelovnad gazrda, raTa miRweul iqnas iniciativis 

farglebSi dasaxuli miznebi. evropuli samezoblo da partniorobis instrumentis 

mimdinare biujetiT 2008 wlisaTvis partniori qveynebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebulia 

daaxloebiT 450 milioni evro. evrokomisiis winadadebiT, mocemuli 

Tanxa etapobrivad unda gaizardos da 2013 wlisaTvis Seadginos 750 milioni 

evro, rac gulisxmobs damatebiT 350 milioni evros gamoyofas; xolo axali biujetis 

dagegmvisas, evrokomisia mizanSewonilad miiCnevs, finansuri daxmarebis 

kidev ufro gazrdas. àRmosavleT partniorobis~ regionuli komponentis dasafinanseblad, 

evrokomisia SesaZleblad miiCnevs evropuli samezoblo da partniorobis 

instrumentis 2009 wlis regionuli programebis saxsrebidan gamoiyos 

250 milioni evro, raTa iniciativis farglebSi daigegmos prioritetuli regionuli 

proeqtebi. 

amrigad, aRmosavleTis partniorobis iniciativa saqarTvelosaTvis niSnavs 

axal SesaZleblobebs evrokavSirTan integraciis gzaze. qveynis sagareo veqtors 

ganapirobebs misi civilizaciuri resurebi, geografiuli mdebareoba da politikur-ekonomikuri 

mizanSewoniloba. patara qveynebis erovnuli interesebisa da 

usafrTxoebis prioritetebSi ekonomikuri kavSirebis stabilurobisa da eqsportis 

uzrunveyofis sakiTxebma TvalsaCino adgili daikaves. saqarTveloSi mTavari 

sagareo orientiri evrokavSirTan integraciaa, aRmosavleTis partiorobis 

iniciativa niSnavs saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris axal asocirebis xel- 

Sekrulebas, Tavisufali vaWobis reJimis perspeqtivas, maRal mobilurobas, savizo 

mimosvlis gamartivebas da regionaluri ganviTarebis mxardaWeras. 

evrokavSiris wevroba niSnavs qveynis konkurentunarianobis zrdas msoflio 

ekonomikaSi, saeqsporto potencialis zrdas da evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos 

Soris urTierTvaWrobis tempis daCqarebas. qveynis ganviTrebis procesis xelSewyobas 

da saqarTvelos aRiarebas, rogorc demokratiuli qveynis myari ekonomikuri 

safuZvlebiT. 

1 European Integration, Regional Policy and Growth/ Ed by Bernard Funck and Lodovico Pizatti-Washington World 

bank, 2003 p 1-5 

14

Tavisufali industriuli zonebi saqarTveloSi da maTi 

ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi XXI saukuneSi 1 

irakli giorbeliZe 

Tsu bakalavri 

momzadebulia damoukideblad 

sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlam, finansuri globalizaciis masStabebis zrdam, konkurentuli 

garemos gafarToebam da daxvewam dResdReisobiT axali gamowvevebis winaSe dagvayena. 

qveynis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro gaxda meti novaciebisa da reformebis danergva _ ganxorcieleba. 

investiciebis Semodineba da maTi efeqtianad warmarTva saqarTvelos ekonomikis aRor- 

Zinebisa da ganviTarebis arsebiTi maCvenebelia da Tu qarTvel eqspertebs vendobiT, am etapze 

qveyanaSi `sainvesticio SimSili~ SeiniSneba. qvemoT mimovixilav Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs Tavisufali 

industriuli da zogadad ekonomikuri zonebis Seqmnas erovnuli ekonomikis 

ganviTarebisTvis. 

vidre uSualod Tavisufali industriuli zonebis Sesaxeb visaubrebde, ganvixilav zogadad 

Tavisufal ekonomikur zonebs. Tavisufali ekonomikuri zonebi (Tez), igive ofSoruli 

zonebi me-20 saukunis meore naxevris msoflio ekonomikis mniSvnelovani movlenaa. isini 

xelsayreli warmonaqmnebia, zemogebis misaRebad da mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben Ria ekonomikis 

principebis realizaciaSi. aq moqmedi ekonomikuri wesebi, berketebi da specialuri administraciuli 

kanonebi amsubuqeben samarTlebriv da sameurneo reJims. sabaJo, sainvesticio 

da sagadasaxado reJimi nebismieri sagareo da Sida investiciebisaTvis xelsayrelia da aqedan 

gamomdinare ofSoruli zonebi Tavisebur mimzidvel `xafangs~ warmoadgenen ucxouri kapitaldabandebebisaTvis. 

Tez-is ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia sxvadasxva saxis preferenciebisa da stimulebis gamoyeneba, 

maT Soris: 

fiskaluri (saqmianobis garkveuli saxeobis sagadasaxado stimulireba); 

1 sakonferencio moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna kavkasiis universitetis mier organizebul studentTa saerTaSoriso 

konferenciaze `XXI saukunis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi~ da daimsaxura III adgili. 

ibeWdeba Semcirebuli formatiT. moxsenebis sruli versia ganTavsebulia inglisur enaze gamocemul 

konferenciis amsaxvel krebulSi, Tb. 2009, gv. 138-143. 

http://www.fes.ge/geo/images/Fes_Files/Pulications08files/GEo09Publications/cu_2009.pdf 

15

finansuri (pirdapiri - uSualod sabiujeto saxsrebiT subsidireba da SeRavaTiani saxelmwifo 

kreditebi, arapidapiri - komunaluri momsaxurebis dabali fasis daweseba, nakveTis saijaro 

gadasaxadis Semcireba da sxv.); 

administraciuli _ sawarmos registraciisa da ucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa Sesvla-gasvlis 

procedurebis gamartiveba; 

sagareo ekonomikuri _ sagareo vaWrobaSi sabaJo mosakreblebis Semcireba an sulac gauqmeba. 

Tavisufali ekonomikuri zonis erT-erTi nairsaxeobaa Tavisufali industriuli zona 

(sxva saxeobebia: Tavisufali savaWro zona, Tavisufali sabaJo teritoria da sxv. ). 

konceptualuri TvalsazrisiT zonis or saxeobas ganasxvaveben. erTi maTgani teritoriul 

midgomas eyrdnoba da mkafiod gansazRvrul teritorias warmoadgens, sadac zonis yvela 

rezidentze zonaSi dadgenili ekonomikuri saqmianobis SeRavaTiani reJimi vrceldeba. meore 

konceptualuri midgoma funqcionalur xasiaTs atarebs da warmoadgens SeRavaTian reJims, 

romelic garkveuli saxeobis samewarmeo saqmianobis mimarT gamoiyeneba imis miuxedavad, Tu 

ekonomikuri agenti, romelic am saxeobis saqmianobas eweva, qveynis romel nawilSia. 

sazogadod, Tavisufali industriuli zona SeiZleba ganisazRvros, rogorc mkafiod 

Semofargluli teritoria, romelzec myardeba ekonomikur-finansuri saqmianobis gansakuTrebuli 

reJimi, mewarmeobis stimulirebis, meurneobis prioritetul sferoebSi ucxouri investiciebis 

mozidvisa da axali teqnologiebis danergvis mizniT. 

Tavisufal industriul zonebSi import-eqsportze sabaJo mosakrebeli moxsnilia. amis 

miuxedavad, mewarmeebi valdebulni arian awarmoon aRricxva da yovelwliurad waradginon 

deklaracia, sadac yvela produqcia da operacia unda iyos asaxuli. mraval qveyanaSi (makedonia, 

TurqeTi, gana, gvatemala, kosta-rika) mewarmeebi Tavisufldebian saSemosavlo gadasaxadisaganac. 

Tumca kosta-rikaSi, gvatemalaSi da ganaSi es SeRavaTebi mxolod pirveli 10 

wlis ganmavlobaSi moqmedebs. dRg-sgan mewarmeebi gaTavisuflebulni arian ruseTis, 

gvatemalisa da ganas Tavisufal industriul zonebSi, aqcizis gadasaxadisagan _ ruseTis 

federaciaSi, uZrav qonebaze gadasaxadisagan _ gvatemalaSi da a.S (ix. cxrili #1). 

cxrili #1. msoflios qveynebi da Tavisufali industriuli zonebi 

qveyana 

zonis 

Seqmnis 

iniciatori 

zonis 

moqmedebis 

vada 

ruseTi mTavroba 20 weli, 

dauSvebel 

ia vadis 

gagrZeleb 

akrZalvebi 

nedeulis mopoveba, 

garemosaTvis 

saxifaTo 

produqciis 

gadasaxadebisgan 

gaTavisufleba 

sabaJo mosakreblebi 

import-eqsportze, 

dRg, aqcizis gadasaxadi 

xelmZRvaneloba 

aRmasrulebeli 

xelisuflebis 

federaluri 

organo 

16

TurqeTi mTavroba mTavrobas 

Tan SeTanxmebiT 

makedonia mTavroba 

kostarika 

gvatemal 

a 

palestin 

a 

sagareo 

vaWrobis 

saministro 

ekonomikis 

saministro 

ministrTa 

kabineti 

a 

50 weli 

(vadis 

gasvlis 

Semdeg 

SeiZleba 

kidev 25 

wliT 

gagr- 

Zeldes) 

saministr 

osTan 

SeTanxmebi 

T 

10 weli 

vrceldeb 

a gadasaxadebze 

SeRavaTebi 

ara 

umetes 

49 wlisa 

warmoeba, 

radioaqtiuri 

da birTvuli 

nivTierebebi 

- 

garemosaTvis saxifaTo 

produqcia, 

radioaqtiuri 

da birTvuli niv- 

Tierebebi, narkotikebi, 

iaraRis 

warmoeba, qimiuri, 

biologiuri 

produqcia 

garemosaTvis 

saxifaTo 

produqcia 



saSemosavlo 

gadasaxadi 



saSemosavlo gadasaxadi, 

gadasaxadi fulad 

gadmoricxvebze 



saSemosavlo 

gadasaxadi 



saSemosavlo gadasaxadi, 

uZrav qonebaze 

gadasaxadi, dRg, 

navTobis da gazis 

mopoveba,Tevzrewva, 

turizmi, xe-tyis 

rewva, Saqris 

warmoeba, yavis, 

kardamonis moyvana, 

bambis, bananis, sezamis, 

kauCukis 

warmoeba, msxvilfexa 

saqonlis mo- 

Seneba, radioaqtiuri 

nivTierebebis 

warmoeba 

- sabaJo mosakreblebi 

import-eqsportze 

- 

Tavisufali ekonomikuri 

zonis sa- 

Tavo ofisi (qmnis 

makedoniis 

mTavroba) 

korporacia (iqmneba 

mTavrobis mier) 

mTlianad ekisreba 

zonis damaarsebel 

firmas 

industriuli sakuTrebisa 

da Tavisufali 

industriuli 

zonebis sabWo 

(industriis 

saministrosTan 

arsebuli) 

irani 

uzbekeTi 

monRole 

Ti 

ministrTa 

kabineti 

parlamenti 

(olii 

mejlisi) 

parlamenti 

(didi 

mTavrobas 


parlament 


parlament 

Tan SeTan- 

- 

iseTi produqciis 

warmoeba, romelic 

zians ayenebs bunebriv 

resursebs 

da garemos 

akrZalulia iseTi 

produqciis Semo- 



uvizo reJimi 



specialuri 

savaluto reJimi 



Tavisufali zonis 

administracia 

(iqmneba mTavrobis 

mier) 

Tavisufali 

zonis 

administraciuli 

sabWo (qmnis ministrTa 

kabineti) 

Tavisufali 

zonis gubernatori 

17

gana 

mozambiki mTavroba 

xurali) xmebiT tana da warmoeba, 

romelic ikrZaleba 

monRoleTis 

kanonmdeblobiT 

prezidentis 

brZaneba 

adgens 

mTavroba 

garemosaTvis 

saxifaTo 

produqcia 

garemosaTvis 

saxifaTo 

produqcia 

dRg 



saSemosavlo 

gadasaxadi 



(iniSneba 

premierministris 

mier) 

10 weli 

vrceldeb 

a gadasaxadebze 

SeRavaTebi 

Tavisufali zonis 

sabWo (xelmZRvanelobs 

vaWrobisa 

da industriis ministri) 

mTlianad ekisreba 

zonis damaarsebel 

firmas 

Tavisufali industriuli zonebi Sromis axali saerTaSoriso danawilebis erT-erTi 

elementia. ekonomikis globalizaciis pirobebSi Tavisufali zonebi efeqturi instrumentia 

qveynis sagareo-ekonomikuri saqmianobis gasaaqtiureblad. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia, rom Tavisufali 

zonebis Seqmnisas aucileblad unda iqnas gaTvaliwinebuli uaryofiTi gamocdilebac: 

infrastruqturis gaumarTaoba - saqarTvelos rkinigzis dabali gamtarunarianoba, portebis 

mwiri infrastrutura 

adgilobrivi bazris simcire. 

sasurvelia gvaxsovdes, rom: 1). ucxoeli investorebi, rogorc wesi, `cariel adgilze~ 

ar modian. isini Tavisufali zoniT interesdebian mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu iq ukve aris 

saTanado infrastruqtura, an misi Seqmnis xarjebis adgilobrivi biujetidan dafinansebis 

saSualeba. infrastruqturis Seqmnis xarjebi ki zogjer mTliani investiciis TiTqmis 80%-s 

Seadgens. ase rom, mosazreba yvela xarjis ucxoeli investoris mier dafarvis Taobaze 

yovelTvis ar marTldeba. 

2). zogierT qveyanaSi Tavisufali industriuli zonebis Seqmna korufciis wyarod iqca. 

garkveuli garigebis safuZvelze mTavrobis mier ucxouri kompaniebisaTvis Tavisufal industriul 

zonaSi dawesebuli SeRavaTebi zogjer adgilobrivi mewarmeobisa da mTlianad qveynis 

interesebis sazianod moqmedebs. 

ganvixiloT SWOT analizi konkretulad foTis Tavisufali industriuli zonis 

magaliTze. 

Zlieri mxareebi: 

axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis SesaZlebloba; 

mimzidveli kapitaldabandebebi; 

konkurentuli garemos Seqmna; 

mzardi gadazidvebi; 

18

ganviTarebadi infrastruqtura; 

axali terminalis aSeneba. 

susti mxareebi: 

problemuri regioni; 

ganuviTarebeli infrastruqtura; 

naklebi kontroli qarTuli mxridan. 

SesaZleblobebi: 

iafi muSa-xeli; 

naklebi biurokratia; 

fiskaluri da administraciuli upiratesobebi; 

saSiSroebebi: 

riski mezobeli qveynidan; 

sainvesticio SimSilis zrda mTel qveyanaSi. 

amrigad, zemoaRniSnuli Camoyalibebuli Teoriuli aspeqtis safuZvelze, SegviZlia 

davaskvnaT, rom saqarTveloSi Tavisufali industriuli zonebis Seqmna ar gamoiwvevs 

investiciebis nakadebis fokusirebas mxolod am regionSi, radgan foTis adgilmdebareobas 

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT ZiriTadad eqsportze orientirebuli produqcia Seiqmneba, romelic 

Savi zRvis saSualebiT gava evropaSi. TiTqmis ganulebuli gadasaxadebi da umartivesi 

administraciuli procedurebi aris erT-erTi gza (Tuara erTaderTi) mzardi konkurenciis 

pirobebSi davainteresoT ama Tu im regioniT ucxoeli investorebi. 

gamoyenebuli literatura: 

1. parlamentis kvleviTi departamenti 

2. www.articlesbase.com 

3. www.economy.ge 

4. www.finchannel.com 

5. www.gbw.ge 

6. www.georgia.gov.ge 

7. www.georgiatoday.ge 

8. www.mof.ge 

9. ww.magazine.amcham.ge 

19

იან.00 

იან.01 

იან.02 

იან.03 

იან.04 

იან.05 

იან.06 

იან.07 

იან.08 

იან.09 

finansuri krizisi 

(`binaTmflobelobis mania~) 1 

nino fxikiZe 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: asoc. prof m. julayiZe 

dResdReisobiT finansuri krizisi msoflios erT-erT ZiriTad 

problemas warmoadgens. man gavlena iqonia ara mxolod sabanko seqtorze, 

aramed dasaqmebis maCvenebelsa da sxva socialur problemebze. mokled 

rom vTqvaT, `msoflioSi naRdi fulis deficitia~. mosaxleoba cdilobs 

krizisis pirobebSi gaakeTos garkveuli saxis sadazRveo danazogebi. 

amavdroulad bankebic amcireben gasacemi kreditebis odenobas. 

msoflios finansuri krizisis Sedegemi saqarTvelos ekonomikazec aisaxa. 

momxmareblebi aRar yiduloben imden saqonels, rasac isini yidulobdnen 

uwin. miuxedavad imisa, rom savaWro centrebi did fasdaklebebs 

iuwyebian – momxmareblebi mainc erdidebian ZviraadRirebuli produqciis 

yidvas. 

15 

10 

5 

0 

-5 

-10 

-15 

US retail sales, % change 

wyaro: ekonomikuri analizis biuro (aSS) 


konferenciaze `XXI saukunis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi~. ibeWdeba Semcirebuli 

formatiT. moxsenebis sruli versia ganTavsebulia inglisur enaze gamocemul konferenciis amsaxvel 

krebulSi, Tb. 2009, gv. 164-169. 


20

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სექ.00 

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სექ.01 

იან.02 


სექ.02 

იან.03 


სექ.03 

იან.04 


სექ.04 

იან.05 


სექ.05 

იან.06 


სექ.06 

იან.07 


სექ.07 

იან.08 


სექ.08 

იან.09 

00 Q1 

00 Q3 

01 Q1 

01 Q3 

02 Q1 

02 Q3 

03 Q1 

03 Q3 

04 Q1 

04 Q3 

05 Q1 

05 Q3 

06 Q1 

06 Q3 

07 Q1 

07 Q3 

08 Q1 

08 Q3 

sabazro subieqtebs aRar aqvs sakmarisi Tanxa, rom dafaron saprocento 

gadasaxadebi. swored amitom, imata komerciuli da sayofacxovrebo 

farTebis giravnobebis raodenobam. aSS-Si gadauxdeli sesxebis odenoba 

wina wlebSi saSualod mxolod 2%-s Seadgenda. axla ki 5-6%-mdea 

gazrdili. 


7 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 

Residential mortages 

Commercial mortgages 

`bolo 16 weliwadSi umuSevroba aRwevs umaRles maCvenebels~ – wers 

The New York Times. msoflioSi samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebuli personalis 

odenoba nel-nela matulobs. 

9.0 

8.0 

7.0 

6.0 

5.0 

4.0 

3.0 

US unemployment rate, % 

21

იან.00 

აპრ.00 

ივლ.00 

ოქტ.00 

იან.01 

აპრ.01 

ივლ.01 

ოქტ.01 

იან.02 

აპრ.02 

ივლ.02 

ოქტ.02 

იან.03 

აპრ.03 

ივლ.03 

ოქტ.03 

იან.04 

აპრ.04 

ივლ.04 

ოქტ.04 

იან.05 

აპრ.05 

ივლ.05 

ოქტ.05 

იან.06 

აპრ.06 

ივლ.06 

ოქტ.06 

იან.07 

აპრ.07 

ივლ.07 

ოქტ.07 

იან.08 

აპრ.08 

ივლ.08 


mosaxleoba amjobinebs dazogos fuladi saxsrebi, radganac maT 

ar aqvT momavlis imedi: SeiZleba isinic gaaTavisuflon samsaxuridan, an 

xelfasis odenoba Seumciron. swored amitom cdiloben dazogon fuli, 

vidre xarjon ZviradRirebul produqciasa Tu momsaxurebaze. amis 

Sedegia is, rom ZviradRirebul kurortebze damsvenebelTa odenobam 

iklo. 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 

-1 

-2 

-3 

-4 

დეკ.08 

ივნ.08 

დეკ.07 

ივნ.07 

დეკ.06 

ივნ.06 

დეკ.05 

ივნ.05 

დეკ.04 

ივნ.04 

დეკ.03 

ივნ.03 

დეკ.02 

ივნ.02 

დეკ.01 

ივნ.01 

დეკ.00 

ივნ.00 

დეკ.99 

ივნ.99 

დეკ.98 

ივნ.98 

დეკ.97 

ივნ.97 

დეკ.96 

ივნ.96 

დეკ.95 

ივნ.95 


ukanasknel wlebSi msoflio, gansakuTrebiT ki ganviTarebadi qveynebi 

mSeneblobis bumiT xasiTdeboda. Tumca finansurma krizisma, maTac 

daamCnia kvali da bevri mSenebloba SeCerda kidec. evropaSi mSeneblobebis 

krizisi jer kidev 2007wels daiwyo, rodesac evrozonaSi asa- 

Senebel sacxovrebel saxlebze mSeneblobis nebarTvebis maCvenebelma 

kleba iwyo da nuls qvemoT Camovida. 2008 wlis ganmavlobaSi mSeneblobebze 

nebarTvebis odenoba 25-30%-iT Semcirda. 

30.0 

20.0 

10.0 

0.0 

-10.0 

-20.0 

-30.0 

-40.0 

22

mniSvnelovnad iklo warmoebuli produqciis odenobam, gansakuTrebiT 

ki, evrozonaSi. saqonlis warmoebam agreTve mniSvnelovnad daiklo 

iseT ganviTarebad qveynebSi, rogorebicaa CineTi, taivani, singapuri da 

sxva industriuli qveynebi. amis ZiriTadi mizezi ki is gaxlavT, rom 

aziis industriuli qveynebis mier warmoebuli produqciis ZiriTadi 

momxmareblebi evropelebi da aSS-s mosaxleobaa; maT aRar aqvT sakmarisi 

Tanxa, Sesabamisad aRar SeuZliaT daxarjon didi odenobiT Tanxa. 

rogorc vxedavT, msoflios finansur kriziss ekonomikisTvis 

saxifaTo Sedegebi mohyva. es procesi kvlavac grZeldeba. magram ra aris 

finansuri krizisis warmoSobis mizezi? amasTan dakavSirebiT ramdenime 

mosazreba arsebobs. 

`msoflio finansuri krizisis gaRrmavebis mizezi procesebze 

mTavrobebis susti reagireba iyo~, _ ganacxada aSS_is prinstonis 

universitetis profesorma, mklevarma da ekonomikis dargSi 2008 wlis 

nobelis premiis laureatma pol krugmanma (Paul Robin Krugman, 1953). misi 

gancxadebiT, ùmTavresi mizezi krizisis gaRrmavebisa aris is, rom yovel 

stadiaze mTavrobebi sustad reagirebdnen procesebze. aman ndobis 

faqtori Seamcira, rac kriziss ganviTarebisken ubiZgebda~. 

ekonomistebis umravlesoba pol krugmanis msgavsad miiCnevs, rom 

finansuri krizisis warmoSobisa da gaRrmavebis mizezebia: 

axali biznesebis siWarbe, 

saxelmwifo kontrolis nakleboba, 

naklebi regulireba, 

didi raodenobiT sagareo vaWroba, 

saxelmwifos mxridan naklebi danaxarjebis gaweva. 

magram arsebobs finansuri krizisis warmoSobisa da gaRrmavebis 

gansxvavebuli mizezebi, romelsac ZiriTadad “avstriuli skolis” 

warmomadgenlebi aRiareben. maTi azriT finansuri krizisis gaRrmavebis 

ZiriTadi mizezi intervenciaa: 

‣ monetarul sistemaSi _ 

 

 

centraluri bankis funqcionirebis meqanizmi, 

iuridiuli fuli, 

centraluri bankis mier garantirebuli rezervebi. 

‣ saxelmwifo mxridan intervencia da garantiebi _ 

 

 

 

iafi kreditebis programebi, 

giravnobebi, 

saxelmwifos mxridan biznesebi garkveuli saxiT uzrunvelyofa. 

23

finansuri krizisis gamomwvevi ZiriTadi mizezi ipoTekuri 

dakreditebis sistema iyo, romelsac `binaTmflobelobis mania~ vuwode. 

krizisis Cemeuli interpretacia, SeiZleba aixsnas im faqtebiT, 

romlebsac adgili hqonda msoflios ganviTarebis tendenciebSi: _ 

istoriulad dabalma saprocento ganakveTebma, investiciaTa didma 

odenobam, rwmenam, rom uZravi qoneba – binebis saxiT karg investicias 

warmoadgens da imis warmodgenam, rom binebis fasebi arasdros ecema, 

gamoiwvia finansuri krizisi. aSS-s saganZuris departaentis mdivani, jon 

snou, 2005 wels aRniSnavda: `varaudi imisa, rom SesaZlebelia sacxovrebeli 

saxlebis bazarma 

marcxi ganicados, 

sruliad 

daujerebelia~. am periodSi 

marTlac bevr 

ekonomists miaCnda, rom 

es ekonomikis dausrulebeli 

bumi iyo. 

xalxs, romlebsac ukve 

hqondaT sakuTari 

saxli, yidulobdnen 

meores ipoTekuri 

sesxiT – ukve maT 

mflobelobaSi 

arsebuli saxlis giravnobiT, ramac gamoiwvia fasebis zrda. aSS_Si 

saerTo safinanso da sabanko krizisis uSualo winamorbedi iyo 2007 

wels maRali riskis mqone ipoTekuri kreditebis krizisi (subprime), anu 

iseTi pirebis ipoTekuri dakrediteba, romlebsac gaaCndaT dabali 

Semosavlebi da cudi sakredito istoria, anu saerTo jamSi, bankebi 

gascemdnen ipoTekur sesxebs yvelaze, visac surda sakuTari saxli. saboloo 

jamSi ki Sedegad miviReT argadamxdelTa didi odenoba. 

swored `saxlis flobis maniam~ gamoiwvia qalaqebis gadaWedva 

sacxovrebeli saxlebis mSeneblobebiT. imis gamo, rom miwodeba ukve 

aRemateboda moTxovnas, daeca binebze fasebic. Tumca visac ukve didi 

odenobiT ipoTekuri krediti hqondaT gamotanili da maT dafarvas veRar 

axerxebdnen, ekargebodaT ukve maT mflobelobaSi arsebuli dagiravnebuli 

uZravi qonebac (radganac giravnoba Tavisi SinaarsiT mocavs 

SedarebiT nakleb Tanxas, vidre binis realuri sabazro fasi). banki 

veRarc argadamxdelebisTvis CamorTmeul saxlebs veRar yidda, ramac 

gamoiwvia sabanko krizisi. bankebi veRar gascemdnen sesxebs, ramac 

24

gamoiwvia maTi aqciaTa fasis mkveTri vardna. `Cven didi problemis winaSe 

vdgavarT~, – jorj buSi 2008 wlis seqtembers. 

rac Seexeba umuSevrobis dones, finansuri krizisis pirobebSi man 

SedarebiT mateba ganicada 2008 wlis bolos. sxvadasxva bankidan da 

safinanso organizaciebidan saerTo 

jamSi daaxloebiT 6000-mde 

umuSevrobis raodenoba 

(2002-2007wlebi) 

TanamSromeli 

gaaTavisufles. 

developerulma biznesebmac ganicades 

aTasi kaci 

kraxi. developerebis mier 

280 

dasaqmebulTa saerTo odenoba 

agvistos movlenebsa da finansur 260 

krizisamde 70 000 adamiani iyo. 

240 

dResdReisobiT ki naxevari maTgani 

220 

dausaqmebelia. WiaTurmanganumis, 

madneulis (bolnisi), azotis (rusTavi) 200 

da sxva msxvili sawarmoebidanac 

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 

etapobrivad xdeba momuSaveTa 

gaTavisufleba. momsaxure personals amcireben agreTve kvebis obieqtebsa 

da supermarketebSi. momuSave personalis gaTavisuflebasTan erTad 

iklebs momuSaveTa xelfasis odenobac. swored amis Sedegia is, rom 

daqmebulTa 35% saarsebo minimumze nakleb xelfass iRebs. 

dasaqmebulebis raodenoba 

(2002-2007 wlebi) 

aTasi kaci 

1900 

1800 

1700 

1600 

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis 

departamenti 

saqarTveloSi umuSevrobis done 2005-2007 wlebSi nel-nela 

mcirdeba, Tumca es sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom dasaqmebulTa odenoba 

iklebs – piriqiT dasaqmebulebis maCvenebelic umuSevrobis proporciulad 

iklebs. 

rac Seexeba umuSevrobis dones aSS-Si. aSS-s mTavrobis pres-relizis 

mixedviT umuSevrobis donem aSS-Si 7.2%-s miaRwia. aseve gasaTvalis- 

25

winebelis is faqtic, rom umuSevarTa raodenobaSi ar Sedis milionobiT 

adamiani, romlebic naxevar ganakveTSi muSaoben da ver pouloben srulganakveTian 

samsaxurs. aseTi saxis umuSevrebi miekuTvnebian U-3 dones. 

umuSevrobis U-6 done warmoadgens umuSevrobis realur maCvenebels, 

romelic 13.5%-s warmoadgens. rogorc vxedavT, arsebuli realuri umuSevrobis 

done sakmaod maRalia, magram SeiZleba isic vTqvaT, rom miuxedavad 

aseTi maRali maCveneblisa, igi mainc araa didi depresiis periodSi 

arsebuli umuSevrobis donis odenobis. rogorc viciT, didi depresiis 

periodSi umuSevrobis done 25%-s warmoadgenda – yoveli meoTxe amerikeli 

umuSevari iyo. magram Tu arsebuli umuSevrobis gamoangariSebisas 

1930-iani wlebSi gamoyenebul meTods mivmarTavT, 13.5 %-is nacvlad 17.5%-s 

miviRebT. ase, rom aucilebelia umuSevrobis winaagmdeg garkveuli saxis 

qmedebebi ganaxorcielos aSS-m, Torem didi depresiis msgavsi periodi 

gardauvali iqneba. kvlavac rogorc vxedavT, farTod ganviTarebuli saerTaSoriso 

ekonomikuri urTierTobebidan gamomdinare, aSS_Si dawyebuli 

finansuri krizisi jaWvuri reaqciiT moedo mTels msoflios, 

gansakuTrebiT ki im qveynebs, romelTac aSS_sTan sagareo ekonomikuri 

urTierTobebi aqvT (maT Soris bunebrivia, saqarTvelosac). gamomdinare 

iqidan, rom saqarTvelos ekonomika msoflio ekonomikis Semadgeneli 

nawilia, msoflio finansurma krizisma saqarTvelos ekonomikazec iqonia 

gavlena da qveyana mravali gamowvevis winaSe daayena. krizisis pirveladi 

Sedegebi ukve saxezea da misi gaRrmaveba wlis ganmavlobaSi gardauvalia. 

msoflio ekonomikur krizisamde saqarTvelos xelisufleba 

nominalur mSp_s 21535,9 mln laris moculobiT prognozirebadia, xolo 

krizisis Sedegebis gamovlenis Semdeg xelisuflebis prognozi 21308,7 

mln laria (Semcireba navaraudevia 227,2 mln lariT, rac daaxloebiT 

1,05%_iani Semcirebaa). realuri mSp_s zrda Tavdapirvelad navaraudevi 

iyo 4,0%_is odenobiT, xolo krizisis Sedegebis gamovlenis Semdeg _ 

2,5%_iT. 2008 wels realuri mSp_s zrda, nacvlad dagegmili 8%_isa, 

xelisuflebis prognoziT iqneba mxolod 2,0%. 

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebis mixedviT, depozitebsa da 

sesxebs Soris uaryofiTi balansi 2008 wlisaTvis daaxloebiT mTliani 

Siga produqtis 13%-s warmoadgens. 

sabanko sistemaSi, depozitebsa da kreditebs Soris mniSvnelovani 

Seusabamoba SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes diamond-dibvingis modelis mixedviT. 

rac Seexeba investiciebs, saqarTveloSi investiciebis mniSvnelovani 

Semcireba jer kidev agvistos movlenebis Semdeg daiwyo. mimdinare etapze 

aseve gvaqvs msoflio finansuri krizisiT gamowveuli investiciebis 

Semcirebis tendencia. igi aseve ukavSirdeba saqarTveloSi msxvili saprivatizacio 

obieqtebis nusxis amowurvas, xolo mcire saprivatizacio 

26

obieqtebi mniSvnelovan aminds ver qmnian. xelisuflebis prognoziT, 2008 

wels saqarTvelom miiRo 2,17 mlrd aSS dolaris investicia, xolo 2009 

wels dagegmilia mxolod 1,7 mlrd dolaris mozidva. investiciebis Semcirebis 

magaliTebidan mxolod ramdenimes dasaxeleba sakmarisia imisaTvis, 

rom finansuri krizisisa da agvistos movlenebis Semdgomi periodis 

sainvesticio krizisSi davrwmundeT: 

‣ agvistos cnobili movlenebis Semdeg, msoflio finansuri krizisis 

fonze, yazaxurma kompania `yazmunaigazma~ (KazMunaiGaz) uari ganacxada 

saqarTveloSi dagegmil 1 mlrd dolaris investiciaze, romliTac baTum- 

Si navTobgadamamuSavebeli qarxana unda aSenebuliyo; 

‣ amerikulma kompania `qliar sTrim holdingma~ saqarTveloSi gamocxadebul 

investiciaze uari Tqva. kompaniam auqcionze `vai maqsis~ sixSire 9 

milion 300 aTas larad SeiZina da ukabelo internet_servisis awyobas 

gegmavda. kompaniis qarTveli partniorebis gancxadebiT, proeqti CaiSala 

da `qliar sTrimi~ safasurs, romelic noembris bolosTvis unda gadaexada, 

aRar gadaixdis. 

ra aris yvelaze saxarbielo finansur krizisTan dakavSirebiT 2009 wels? 

esaa: 

‣ msoflio finansurma krizisma gavlena iqonia ara mxolod safinanso an 

sawarmoo sferoze, aramed realur ekonomikazec; 

‣ Sinameurneobebis mier danazogebis odenoba izrdeba; 

‣ bankebi aRar gacemen sesxebs; 

‣ eqsportis moculoba iklebs; 

‣ farTo moxmarebis saqonlis fasebi ecema; 

‣ ganviTarebad qveynebs didi sabiujeto deficiti aqvT – wina wlebSi, isini 

biujetis deficitis pirobebSi deficitis Sesavsebad Tanxebs sesxulobdnen 

`mdidari qveynebidan~, magram axla ukve isinic, krizisSi imyofebian, 

ris gamoc ver xorcieldeba sagareo sesxebis gacema. ase rom, 

mevale erebi iZulebi xdebian, rom daagrovon aqtivebi da maTi gayidviT 

dafaron sagareo valebi. 

aSS_s finansTa ministrma henri polsonma, federaluri sarezervo 

sistemis da kongresis warmomadgenlebTan erTad 2008 wlis seqtemberSi 

daasrula ekonomikis stabilizaciis sagangebo gegmaze muSaoba (Emergency 

Economic Stabilization Act of 2008), romelsac mogvianebiT polsonis gegma 

ewoda. aRniSuli gegma iTvaliswinebda aSS_s federaluri sarezervo 

sistemidan 700 mlrd aSS dolaris gamoyofas, romliTac specialurad 

amisTvis Seqmnili saxelmwifo korporacia moaxdenda bankebisgan problemuri 

aqtivebis gamosyidvas. gegma sami mTavari mimarTulebisgan 

Sedgeba: 

1. problemuri aqtivebis gamosyidvis programa; 

27

2. biznesisa da mosaxleobisTvis sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi; 

3. energetikis sferos specialuri stimulireba. 

2008 wlis 25 noembers cnobili gaxda federaluri sarezervo sistemis 

ganzraxva, aSS_s bankebSi damatebiT Caedo 800 mlrd aSS dolari, 

rac mimarTuli unda yofiliyo momxmarebelTa sacalo dakreditebis 

stimulirebisTvis. gamocxadebuli programa iTvaliswinebda federaluri 

sarezervo sistemis mier 600 mlrd aSS dolaris kreditis gamosyidvas, 

rac gacemuli da garantirebuli iyo Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae 

ipoTekuri saagentoebisa da federaluri bankebis samomxmareblo 

kreditebiT. 

polsonis gegmam gamoiwvia eqspertebisa da kongresmenebis nawilis 

ukmayofileba. igi exeboda saxsrebis wyaroebs da fulis aseTi emisiis 

Sedegebs, rasac SeuZlia miiyvanos aSS_s valuta devalvaciamde. maTi 

azriT, bankebisgan problemuri aqtivebis gamosyidvaze efeqtiani iqneboda 

hejirebis fondis Seqmna, romelic daazRvevda am aqtivebiT gamowveul 

danakargebs bankebsa da sxva safinanso institutebSi. 

rac Seexeba saqarTvelos samomavlo qmedebebs, qveynis xelisuflebam 

arsebuli problemebi unda warmoidginos erTianad, ris safuZvelzec 

spontanuri RonisZiebebis gatarebidan unda gadaerTos Tanmimdevruli 

RonisZiebebis gatarebaze. prioritetebi unda iyos mkafio, realuri da 

qveynis ekonomikuri zrdis stimulirebaze orientirebuli. amasTan, 

aucilebelia donorebidan miRebuli daxmarebebis da kreditebis 

gegmazomieri xarjva. qveynis xelisuflebas mudmivad unda axsovdes, rom 

dagegmili 4,5 ar aris mxolod daxmareba da misi didi nawili ramdenime 

wlis Semdeg ukan unda iqnas dabrunebuli, Tanac Sesabamisi saprocento 

ganakveTebis gadaxdiT. Sesabamisad unda gaviTvaliswinoT ganviTarebadi 

qveynebis krizisidan gamosavlis gzebi da ar davuSvaT uaresi Sedegebis 

miReba “binaTmflobelobis maniiT” warmoSobili finansuri krizisidan. 


1. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros statistikis departamenti, 2002-2008 

wlis maCveneblebi; 

2. saqarTvelos erovnuli banki 

3. Asia News Reports – The straits times (Publication Date: 28-11-2008) 

4. The Economist – Economist Intelligence Unit (January/February 2009) 

5. Bureau of Economic Analysis 

(http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/gdp/gdpnewsrelease.htm) 

6. Bureau of the census (http://www.census.gov/ 

28

informaciuli revolucia da ekonomikuri 

politikis evolucia 1 

giorgi nikuraZe 

Tsu magistranti 

mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. i. gogoriSvili 

Tanamedrove msoflio aris mxilveli im TiTqos warmoudgeneli movlenisa rasac 

hqvia informaciuli revolucia da ekonomikuri politikis evolucia. XXI saukuneSi 

ukve realuria qveynis ekonomikuri politikis gamtareblebsa da moqalaqeebs 

Soris diskusia da urTierToba Suamavlebis gareSe, rac informaciuli teqnologiebis 

revoluciurma ganviTarebam moitana. 

axlo momavalSi igegmeba gadaadgilebis globaluri kontrolis sistemis Seqmna 

romelic revoluciur cvlilebebs gvpirdeba. saxemwifos ekonomikuri politikis 

gatarebis axali revoluciuri instrumentebi Seqmnis procesSia, romlis Semdeg 

saxelmwifos mmarTvelobas SeeZleba miiRos ufro mdgradi da optimaluri prevenciuli 

zomebi raTa qveynis keTildReobis xelisSemSleli procesebis identificireba CanasaxSive 

ganxorcieldes da Semdeg misi ara ganadgureba, aramed gadaprogrameba 

moxdes, rac TavisTavad resursebis efeqtianad gamoyenebis saSualebas mogvcems. 

globalizaciis procesis yvelaze xelisSemwyob faqtorad SeiZleba CaiTvalos 

teqnologiuri progresi da informaciuli revlucia, rac Tavis mxriv gulisxmobs 

msoflios rogorc erT organizmad xedvis saSualebas. globaluri informaciis damuSavebiT 

SesaZlebelia ara marto tendenciebis winaswarmetyveleba, aramed maTi mar- 

Tva da modelireba. 

yvelaze arsebiTad SeiZleba CaiTvalos globaluri ganviTarebis modelis simulaciis 

SesaZlebloba, rac Tavis Tavad msoflios mmarTvel organoebs saSualebas 

miscems dainaxon miliardobiT ganviTarebis proeqcia da amoirCion yvelaze optimaluri 

saerTo globaluri interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 

aRsaniSnavia gardamaval etapze myofi adamianTa bedi, romlebic iSviaTad iyeneben 

an sulac ar iyeneben personalur kombiutersa da sxva Tanamedrove informaciul 

teqnologiebs. mecnierebma aqac miagnes gamosavals da daiwyes specialuri ganaTlebis 

sistemaze muSaoba, romelis Sedegadac bevrad gamartivdeba XXI saukunis infor- 


konferenciaze `XXI saukunis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi~. ibeWdeba Semcirebuli 

formatiT. moxsenebis sruli versia ganTavsebulia inglisur enaze gamocemul konferenciis amsaxvel 

krebulSi, Tb. 2009, gv. 129-132. 


29

maciuli teqnologiebis aTviseba maT Soris vinc gaurboda swavlas informaciuli 

teqnologiebis auTviseblobis SiSis gamo. 

sainteresoa semantiur programebze dafuZnebuli globaluri biblioTekis proeqtis 

Sesaxeb saubari. jer-jerobiT is Canasaxovan procesSia, magram axlo momavalSi 

Semecnebis individualuri algoriTmiT albaT iqneba amgvari biblioTekebis erTwliani 

xSiri stumrobebis Sedegad, XIX saukunis yvelaze ganaTlebul adamianze ganaTlebuli 

gaxdeT. 

XXI saukunis ekonomikur-politikuri procesebi sruli transformaciis 

tendenciis winaSe dgas. mimdinare saukuneSi prioritetulia swavlaze orientirebuli 

da da swavlis unaris mqone axalgazrdebis xelisSemwyobi politikis gatareba 

yvela saxelmwifoSi, raTa jansaRi konkurenciis pirobebSi gamovlindes saxelmwifo- 

Ta inteleqtualuri potenciali romelic maT gasuli saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi daagroves. 

aRniSnuli mniSvnelovani etapia informaciuli revoluciis labirinTidan swori 

gzis sapovnelad. aucilebelia oqros Sualedis povna informaciis aTvisebasa da 

miwodebas Soris, swored am sferoSia ekonomikuri politikis specialistebis Ziri- 

Tadi roli, radgan maT SeswevT unari Seqmnan sawyisi algoriTmi romelic xels Seuwyobs 

informaciis aTvisebis da masSi elastiurad moZraobis unaris ganviTarebis 

SesaZleblobas. 

saWiroa saqarTveloSi mimdinare movlenebsa da tendenciebze ramdenime sityviT 

mogaxsenoT. dRes saqarTvelos aqvs Zalian didi potenciali _ mas SeuZlia awarmoos 

informaciis amTvisebelTa da analizatorTa mTeli àrmia~. mniSvnelovania am kuTxiT 

qveynis ekonomikuri politikis mizanmimarTuli da efeqtiani qmedebebis ganxorcieleba 

saxelmwifos mxridan, raTa xeli Seewyos niWieri axalgazrdebis dasaqmebas am 

sferoSi da, rac mTavaria, Cveni potenciali am sferoSi eyofa ara mxolod saqarTvelos, 

aramed bevr sxva qveyanasac. 

bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobs ganviTarebuli qveynebis mier 

TavianTi kompetenturobis da potencialis dasabuTebisa da gamovlenis procesi. 

aucilebelia saqarTvelo droulad iqnes CarTuli globaluri strategiuli 

ganviTarebis procesSi da dasabuTebul iqnes saqarTvelos moqalaqis kompetenturoba 

informaciuli teqnologiebis flobis saqmeSi msoflio masStabiT, raTa saqarTvelom 

daikavos misTvis kuTvnili strategiuli adgili. 

mniSvnelovnad izrdeba SemoqmedebiTi samuSaoebis wili. axali organizaciebi 

ejibrebian erTmaneTs ara sidideSi, aramed siswrafeSi, moqnilobaSi, cvlilebebis 

swrafad ganxorcielebaSi. 

erTi mxriv, informaciaze orientirebuli sazogadoebis Seqmnam da, meore 

mxriv, efeqtiani administraciuli menejmentis, racionaluri strategiuli gadawyvetilebisa 

da maRali donis administraciuli servisebis saWiroebam ganapiroba eleqtronuli 

mTavrobis, eleqtronuli marTvis meqanizmebis danergvis aucilebloba. dRe- 

30

isTvis msoflios mravali qveynis mTavrobam kargad gaacnobiera elmTavrobis saWiroeba 

da konkretul RonisZiebebs atarebs am mimarTulebis praqtikaSi realizaciisaTvis. 

informaciuli revoluciis gardamavali etapis gavlis Semdeg ekonomikuri politikis 

evoluciis Sedegad Camoyalibdeba axali cnobiereba da informaciasTan dRevandeli 

damokidebuleba Seicvleba dRemde warmoudgeneli revoluciuri damokidebulebiT. 

gamoqveynda seulSi msoflios wamyvani qveynebis ministrebis Sexvedraze 

miRebuli deklaracia. Sexvedra gaimarTa koreaSi 2008 wlis 17-18 ivniss da eZRvneboda 

internet ekonomikis perspeqtivebs. 

deklaraciaSi dadasturebulia am qveynebis valdebuleba xeli Seuwyon internet 

ekonomikis ganviTarebas, mxari dauWiron inovaciebs, investiciebsa da konkurencias 

informaciuli da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis seqtorSi. gansakuTrebulad 

aris xazgasmuli, rom mTavar zrunvas warmoadgens internetis arsis SenarCuneba, 

rogoricaa misi Ria xasiaTi, decentralizebuloba da dinamiuroba. mxardaWerili 

iqneba inovaciebi, monawileoba da misawvdomoba. didi yuradReba daeTmoba usafrTxoebis 

da inteleqtualuri uflebebis dacvis sakiTxebs. mxars dauWeren ganviTarebad 

qveynebSi mosaxleobisaTvis internetis misawvdomobis uzrunvelyofas. 

tomas fridmani aris avtori wignisa `The World Is Flat~ (msoflio brtyelia). 

am wignSi aRwerilia is tendenciebi, romlebic àbrtyeleben~ (aTanabreben) XXI saukunes 

da amiT saSualebas aZleven Raribi qveynebis moqalaqeebs konkurencia gauwion 

ganviTarebuli qveynebis moqalaqeebs, rac cota xnis win TiTqmis SeuZlebeli iyo. 

msoflioSi mTavari ekonomikuri konkurencia mimdinareobs ara saxelmwifoebs 

So-ris, ara kompaniebs Soris, aramed Cvensa da Cvens fantazias (warmosaxvas) Soris. 

Se-moqmedebiTi warmosaxvis unari aris gadamwyveti adamianis momavlisaTvis. 

swrafad izrdeba moTxovnileba iseTi samuSaoebisa, sadac saWiroa eqspertuli 

azrovneba da kompleqsuri komunikacia. problemas warmoadgens ara samuSao adgilebis 

simcire, aramed Seusabamoba samuSao Zalis saWiro da arsebul unarebs Soris. 

bevr moswavles mouwevs sxvadasxva, xSirad urTierTkavSirSi armyofi 

sferoebis aTviseba cxovrebis manZilze. unari viswavloT is, rac xval SeiZleba 

dagvWirdes ufro faseulia, vidre is, rac dRes viciT. 

adre adamianebis umravlesobas ekisreboda mcire roli ekonomikaSi. es iyo an 

pasiuri momxmarebeli masobrivi produqtebis an organizaciis biurokratiul struqturaSi 

dakarguli TanamSromeli. 

dRes sainformacio teqnologiebis mzardi misawvdomoba yvela adamians aZlevs 

instrumentebs, romelTa saSualebiT SesaZlebelia TanamSromloba, faseuli produqtebis 

Seqmna da komunikacia. es aZlevs adamianebs Tavisuflebas, miiRon monawileoba 

inovaciebSi da simdidris SeqmnaSi ekonomikis yvela seqtorSi. 

31

Cven vcxovrobT didi cvlilebebis periodSi. cvlilebebi ar aris droebiTi da 

ar unda gvegonos, rom garkveuli drois Semdeg yvelaferi Tavis normas daubrundeba. 

yalibdeba uwyveti, swrafi cvlilebebis periodi. es aris swrafi cvlilebebis era. 

warmovadgen oTx ZiriTad tendencias, romlebic udides gavlenas axdenen Cven cxovrebaze: 

muris kanoni_intelis TanadamfuZnebelma jon murma 1963 wels Jurnal èlektronikaSi~ 

dawera statia, sadac Camoayaliba `muris kanoni~, romelic ase JRerda: 

`yovel 24 TveSi integrirebul sqemaSi tranzistorebis raodenobis gaormagebaa 

SesaZlebeli~. es kanoni dRemde moqmedebs da ufro gaZlierda kidevac. 

fotonis kanoni _ 1983 wlidan qselebis gamtarianoba erT dolarze yovel 12 TveSi 

sammagdeba. 

internetis revolucia _ 1992 wels internetis momxmarebelTa ricxvi Seadgenda 

300 adamians. dRes maTma ricxvma miliards gadaaWarba. interneti orjer izrdeba 

yovel 120 dReSi. 

mozRvavebuli informacia _ wina sami tendencia ganapirobebs meoTxe tendencias, 

romelic gamoixateba informaciis mozRvavebaSi. swrafi tempebiT izrdeba sityvebis, 

terminebis, cnebebis ricxvi. dReSi gamoicema 3000 wigni. 

konceptualurad moazrovne muSakebi - XXI saukunis moTxovnilebaa. konceptualurad 

moazrovne adamianebis momzadeba - XXI saukunis ganaTlebis sistemis mTavari 

amocanaa. sainformacio sazogadoebis gaCenam gansazRvra Tanamedrove demokratiul 

saxelmwifoSi Tvisebrivad axali _ efeqtiani, moqnili, gamWvirvale da sazogadoebaze 

orientirebuli mTavrobis Seqmnis aucilebloba. 

eleqtronuli mTavroba, romelic sainformacio sazogadoebis aucilebeli elementia, 

miznad isaxavs iseTi sistemis Seqmnas da ganviTarebas, romelic uzrunvelyofs 

erTi mxriv, saxelmwifo marTvis efeqtian gazrdas, meore mxriv, ki moqalaqeze, 

sazogadoebaze orientirebul, maRali donis samTavrobo momsaxurebas. 

eleqtronuli mTavrobis formirebis procesSi mTavari mamoZravebeli Zala 

TviTon saxelmwifoa. saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos eleqtronuli mTavrobis warmatebiT 

ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebeli pirobebis Seqmna da gadawyvitos misi ZiriTadi 

amocanebi: politikuri gadawyvetilebebis miReba, pasuxismgebeli organoebisadministraciuli 

struqturebis Camoyalibeba, erovnuli informaciuli da sakomunikacio 

infrastruqturebis ganviTareba, sayovelTaod misawvdomi informaciuli 

resursebis Seqmna da maTi gaerTianeba erTiani èleqtronuli mTavrobis~ sistemaSi. 

amave dros, moqalaqis aqtiuri monawileoba da mxardaWera warmatebuli eleqtronuli 

mTavrobis aucilebeli wina pirobaa. 

eleqronuli mTavrobis miznebia: mosaxleobis erTjeradi, uwyveti momsaxureba 

misi saWiroebidan da survilebidan gamomdinare, nebismier dros da nebismier adgilas; 

eleqtronuli dokumentbrunva, rac el-mTavrobis xerxemalia. igi uzrunvelyofs 

32

danaxarjebis Semcirebas da administraciuli produqtiulobis gazrdas; marTvisa da 

gadawyvetilebis miRebis optimizacia sxvadasxva uwyebaSi, departamentebsa da rgolebSi 

gabneuli codnisa da informaciis integraciisa da maT Soris barierebis 

moxsnis gziT. 

eleqtronuli mTavrobis ganviTarebisaTvis, misi dafinansebisa da proeqtebis 

promouSenisaTvis sakanonmdeblo baza Zalian mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs. mxolod 

ramdenime qveyanam moaxerxa, rom Seeqmna integrirebuli kanonmdebloba pirdapir eleqtronul 

mTavrobasTan dakavSirebiT. umetes qveynebSi eleqtronuli mTavrobis ganvi- 

Tareba eyrdnoba informatizaciis sferoSi moqmed kanonmdeblobas. informaciulma 

revoluciam moitana informaciis rolis umniSvnelovanesi daniSnulebis aRiarebis 

tendenciebi. XXI saukunem informaciuli teqnologiebis revoluciuri ganviTarebis 

mowmed gvaqcia. 

mniSvnelovania saqarTvelom ipovos Tavisi mniSvnelovani adgili msoflios 

ganviTarebul qveynebs Soris da SeZlos progresuli qmedebebis ganxorcieleba da 

qarTveli eris inteleqtis, rogorc demonstrireba, aseve qveynis interesebidan 

gamomdinare, aqtiuri ekonomikuri politikis gatareba, rogorc qveynis SigniT aseve 

mis faglebs gareT. 

ekonomikuri politikis gatarebisas saxelmwifom unda imoqmedos globaluri 

interesebisa da qveynis Siga interesebs Soris oqros Sualedis povnis principiT da 

moaxdinos revoluciuri cvlilebebis kalapotSi Cayeneba da misi marTva mowinave informaciuli 

teqnologiebis saSualebiT. 

sayuradReboa da sagangaSo zeganviTarebuli saxelmwifoebis damokidebuleba 

erTiani msoflio informaciuli qselis mimarT, radgan maT aqvT ambicia iaraRad aqcion 

mTeli globaluri informaciuli sistema da mizanmimarTulad marTon saxelmwifoebi 

TavianTi piradi interesebis Sesabamisad. sanam informacia yvelasTvis xelmisawvdomia 

da sxvadasxva socialuri qselebis saSualebiT xdeba cnobierebis sinqronizacia 

msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis moqalaqeebs Soris, manamde sagangaSo araferia, 

magram Tu moxdeba informaciis centraluri bazis monopolizacia romelime saxelmwifos 

mier globaluri masStabiT, maSin es movlena msoflios saxelmwifoebis 

dabyrobis tolfasi iqneba. 

saWiroa Seiqmnas informaciuli teqnologiebis usafrTxoebis globaluri 

sistema romelSic gawevriandeba msoflios yvela saxelmwifo Tanabari uflebebiT. 

momavlis ekonomikuri politikis gamtarebeli unda iyos aRWurvili analitikuri 

azrovnebiT, siaxlis aTvisebis unariT, mudmivad unda anviTrebdes rogorc 

sakuTar inteleqtualur da fizikur SesaZleblobebs, aseve misi garSemomyofebis 

cnobierebasTan sinqronizaciis ganuwyvetel procesSi unda iyos CarTuli, rasac 

informaciuli teqnologiis revoluciuri monapovari SesaZlebels gaxdis. 

33

ekonomikuri politikis evoluciis etapebi mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli informaciuli 

da cifruli teqnologiebis gamoyenebasTan mis ganviTarebis etapebtan da 

TanmimdevrobasTan qveynis mimdinare politikur, kulturul da religiur poziciebTan 

da miznebTan, saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis ekonomikur-politikuri amocanebis 

dasmisa da maTi gadawyvetis siswrafesTan, Cveni qveynis politikosebisa da ekonomistebis 

konkurentunarianobasTan sxva saxelmwifos mmarTvelebTan mimarTebaSi. 

saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri politikis gatarebaSi aucilebelia integrirebis 

da transformirebis unaris qona radgan, msoflio politikuri da ekonomikuri tendenciebidan 

gamomdinare msoflio ganuwyvetliv viTardeba da Sesabamisad anviTarebs 

ekonomikur, politikur da sxva strategiul unarebsa da instrumentebs raTa globalur 

konkurencias gauZlos da qveynis Tavisuflbis sakiTxi kiTxvis qveS arasodes 

daayenos. 

saqarTveloSi SesaZlebelia globalur integrirebasTan dakavSirebuli safrTxeebis 

aRmofxvra informaciuli teqnologiebis sworad gamoyenebiT da swori ekonomikuri 

politikis gatarebiT. qveynis ekonomikuri politikis gatarebisas ar SeiZleba 

piradi interesebis win wamoweva da amiT saxelmwifo interesebze zianis miyeneba. 

aRniSnulis mogvarebis Semdeg aucilebelia Semdeg etapze gadasvla da integrirebis 

procesis usafrTxoebis sakiTxebis garkveva. Semdeg SesaZlebeli iqneba sxva 

Tanabar pirobebSi erTiani globaluri sainformacio sistemis marTvasa da srulyofaSi 

monawileoba da saxelmwifo interesebidan gamomdinare globaluri interesebis 

gaTvaliswinebiT mniSvnelovan, revoluciur cvlilebebSi mionawileobis miReba da 

adamianTa saerTo interesebis gatareba globaluri interesebis CarCoebis dacviT da 

qveynis ganviTarebis tendenciebis xe-lis SewyobiT. 


1. r. gvelesiani i. gogoriSvili ekonomikuri politika, Tbilisi 2008 

2. Being Fluent with Information Technology, NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 

3. Larry Allen The Global Economic System since 1945 © 2005 

4. Kenneth W. Dam The Rules of the Global Game A New Look at US International Economic Policymaking © 2001 

5. Edited by Leonardo AuernheimerInternational Financial Markets The Challenge of Globalization © 2003 

6. ICT Development Framework for Georgia. UNDP Georgia, www.undp.org.ge 

7. The Internet revolution: the not-for-dummies guide to the history, technology, and use of the Internet By J. R. Okin 

Published by Ironbound Press, 2005 

8. Political Power and Corporate Control: The New Global Politics of Corporate Governance, by Peter A. 

Gourevitch, James Shinn. 2005 

9. Information Technology for Management: Transforming Organizations in the Digital Economy, by Efraim Turban, 

James Wetherbe. March 2007. 

10. Information Systems Today: Managing the Digital World, by Leonard Jessup, Joseph S. Valacich. 2007. 

11. Principles of Information Security, Michael E. Whitman, Herbert J. Mattord, Herbert Mattord. December 2004. 

12. Tomorrow's Technology and You: Complete, by George Beekman, Michael J. Quinn, Mike Quinn. 2007. 

34

sarkinigzo klasteri saqarTveloSi 1 

Mmariam WurWelauri 

Tsu magistranti 

mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. i. gagniZe 

sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvla, Ria ekonomikis pirobebSi msoflio globalur 

bazarze sakuTari niSis mopoveba da iq mtkiced damkvidreba did Zalisxmevas moiTxovs 

nebismieri qveynis rogorc mTavrobaTa, ise moqalaqeebis mxridan. 

sazogadod, reformis mimarTulebebis gansazRvraze didad zemoqmedebs qveynis Taviseburebani, 

misi ganviTarebis done, sastarto pirobebi, tradiciebi, sabazro mentalitetis 

xarisxi, ekonomikuri Teoriis progresuloba, inovaciuroba, politikosebisa 

da ekonomistebis momzadebis done, reformebisadmi sazogadoebis mxardaWeris 

xarisxi. 

aRniSnulis gamo, mkiTxvelis yuradReba minda gavamaxvilo kon-kurenciis Teoriis 

erT-erTi mkvlevaris m. porteris naSromSi `qveynebis konkurenciuli upiratesobebi~ 

ganxilul klasterebis koncefciaze. klasteris koncefcia warmoadgens qveynis ekonomikis 

xedvis axal saSualebas. miuTiTebs kompaniebis, mTavrobisa da sxva organizaciebis 

axal rolze konkurenciuli upiratesobebisken swrafvis procesSi. `yvelaze 

mniSvnelovani konkurenciuli upiratesobebi globalur ekonomikaSi xSirad aRmocendeba 

klasteris niadagze~. `qveyana ver iqneba konkurentunariani yvela dargSi an 

Tundac maT umravlesobaSi. arsebobs mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi TiToeuli qveynis 

konkurentunarianobis struqturaSi. garkveul dargebSi qveynebi warmatebas aRweven 

imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom Sesabamis SemTxvevebSi maTi Sida pirobebi aRmoCndeba 

ukeTesi, dinamiuri da perspeqtiuli sxvebTan SedarebiT~. 

klasteri anu samrewvelo jgufi – esaa geografiulad mezobeli urTierTdakav- 

Sirebuli kompaniebis jgufi da masTan dakavSirebuli organizaciebi, romlebic moqmedeben 

gansazRvrul sferoSi da xasiaTdebian saqmianobis erTianobiT da erTmaneTTan 

urTierTSevsebiT. 

aqve gvsurs CamovayaliboT qveynis ekonomikis klasterebis prizmaSi xedvis sxva 

upiratesobebic, kerZod: 

klasterebis koncefcia efuZneba firmebsa da regionebs Soris konkurenciis 

procesis ufro farTo xedvas mwarmoeblurobis zrdis safuZvelze; 

1 sakonferencio moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna kavkasiis universitetis mier organizebul studentTa saer- 

TaSoriso konferenciaze `XXI saukunis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi~. ibeWdeba Semcirebuli formatiT. 

moxsenebis sruli versia ganTavsebulia inglisur enaze gamocemul konferenciis amsaxvel krebulSi, 

Tb. 2009, gv. 152-157. 


35

klasterebi konkurenciul brZolaze gavlenas axdenen sami saSualebiT: 1. masSi 

Semavali dargebisa da firmebis mwarmoeblurobis amaRlebiT; 2. inovaciebisadmi 

unaris amaRlebiT; 3. axali biznesis stimulirebis saSualebiT; 

klasterebi warmoadgenen mamoZravebel Zalas eqsportis gazrdasa da pirdapiri 

ucxouri investiciebis mosazidad, rac dRes saqarTvelos mTavrobis erT-erT 

upirveles amocanas warmoadgens; 

 

klasterebis funqcionirebis gaumjobesebisaken mimarTul saxelmwifo da kerZo 

investiciebs erTdroulad mravali firmisTvis moaqvT winsvla; interesdebian 

cnobili firmebi da mimdinareobs erTgvari sawarmoo jaWvis Seqmna; 

klasterebis monawileTa umravlesoba erTmaneTs ar uweven konkurencias uSualod. 

ubralod isini dargis sxvadasxva segmentebs emsaxurebian; 

janmrTel da sicocxlisunarian klasterSi firmebis sawyisi kritikuli masa 

aZlierebs TviTgaZlierebis process. grovdeba informacia; adgilobriv institutebSi 

iwyeba specialuri momzadeba, mimdinareobs kvlevebi, viTardeba infrastruqtura 

da muSavdeba Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo normebi, amasTan klasteri xdeba 

ufro SesamCnevi da izrdeba misi prestiJi. 

klasterebis gadakveTa gviCvenebs maTi ganviTarebis axal impulsebs, rac amcirebs 

biznesSi Sesvlis barierebs; 

rogorc ki klasteri Camoyalibdeba, jgufSi yvela dargebisadmi urTierTmxarda- 

Wera aRmocendeba; 

mwarmoeblebi an individebi, visac aqvs sakuTari idea, migrireben zrdadi klasteris 

regionSi. es ki saqarTvelodan migraciis didi problemis garkveulwilad 

gadaWrasac Seuwyobs xels; 

klasterSi Semaval firmebs ufro swrafad SeuZliaT gansazRvron samomavlo moTxovnis 

tendenciebi, vidre maT metoqe, calkeul firmebs; 

klasterebis arsebobas SeuZlia Seamsubuqos cvalebad ekonomikur pirobebze adgilobrivi 

firmebis morgebis procesi, rac ufro metad amcirebs adgilobrivi 

ekonomikis risks. 

Mme-19 saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi rkinigzebi msoflios xuT qveyanaSi iyo agebuli. 

saqarTveloSi rkinigzis gayvanis idea gamoiTqva samTo saqmis specialistebSi 

me-19s. 40-ian wlebSi, rodesac 1845 w. cnobili gaxda tyibulSi qvanaxSiris sabados 

arseboba. 1883 w. maisSi Tbilisi-baqosa da samtredia-baTumis xazebi saqspluataciod 

gadaeca. saqarTvelos aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris satranzito mimosvlis 

mniSvnelobiT es gza yvelaze mokle da moxerxebuli iyo evropasa da azias Soris 

tvirTbrunvisaTvis. rkinigzis pirveli magistralis gayvaniT safuZveli Caeyara saqar- 

Tvelos ekonomikur aRorZinebas: ganviTarebis gzas daadga vaWroba, soflis meurneoba 

da mrewveloba. 1969 wlidan saqarTveloSi rkinigza mTlianad eleqtrificirebulia. 

36

Tanamedrove pirobebSi saqarTvelos rkinigzis Semosavlebi SeiZleba ganvixiloT, 

rogorc gadaziduli tvirTebidan da gadayvanili mgzavrebidan miRebuli Semosavlebis 

erToblioba. mTliani gadaziduli tvirTis raodenobaSi mniSvnelovani wili ukavia 

tranzitiT gadazidul tvirTs da tranzitiT gadaziduli tvirTebis saxeobebidan: 

nedli navTobi, navTobproduqtebi da danarCeni tvirTi. Semosavlis cvlileba pirdapir 

kavSirSia gadazidvis saSaualo manZilTan. 2006w 326km, 2007w gegmiuri 

monacemi iyo 328km, 2007 w. faqtiurma monacemebma Seadgina 312 km. 

tranziti _ tranzitiT gadazidul tvirTSi mniSvnelovani wili modis nedl 

navTobze da navTobproduqtebze. Sesabamisad, maTi raodenobis cvlilebac mniSvnelovan 

gavlenas axdens Semosavlze. 2006 wels _ 16141 aT. tona, 2007 wlis gegmiT 

gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 16685 aT. tona, xolo 2007 wlis faqtiuri monacemi Seadgens 

14396 aT. tonas. 

Semosavlic msgavsi dinamikiT xasiaTdeba. Semosavlebis grafikis mixedviT 2005 

w. monacemis Tanaxmad, tranzituli gadazidviT miRebuli mTliani Semosavlis moculoba 

Seadgenda 170667 lari, 2006 w. _ 199158 lari, 2007 w. gegma _ 202257 lari, 

faqtiurma monacemma ki Seadgina _ 183385 lari). 

nedli navTobidan miRebulma Semosavalma 2005 wels Seadgina 57005 lari; 2006 

w. _ 73252 lari; 2007 w. gegma iyo 69688 lari, 2007 w. faqtiuri monacemi ki _ 

52458 lari iyo. 2005 w. Semosavalma Seadgina 57878 lari; 2006 wels _ 58412 

lari, 2007 wlis faqtiuri Semosavali 57171 lari iyo. 2005 w. Semosavalma Seadgina 

55807 lari; 2006 wels – 67495 lari; 2007 wlis faqtiurma monacemma 

Seadgina 73768 lari. eqsporti _ 2005 wlis monacemiT eqsportidan miRebulma 

Semosavalma Seadgina 10893 lari, 2006 w. _ 12238 lari, 2007 w gegmis mixedviT 

gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 12886 lari, faqtiurma monacemma ki Seadgina _ 12238 lari. 

importi _ rac Seexeba importidan miRebul Semosavals, 2005-2007 ww-Si zrdis 

tendencia axasiaTebda. 2005 w. _ 17701 lari, 2006 w. _ 223189 lari, 2007 w. 

gegma _ 23903 lari, 2007 w. – 31611 lari. adgilobrivi _ adgilobrivi satvirTo 

gadazidvebidan miRebulma Semosavalma 2005 wels Seadgina _ 16457 lari, 2006 w. _ 

22534 lari, 2007 w gegma _ 27054 lari, 2007 w. – 22989 lari. 

rogorc yvela sxva qveynisaTvis saqarTveloSi rkinigza momgebiani iqneba did 

moculobebze da did manZilebze. 600_700 km_is mere rkinigza Semosavliani xdeba, 

amitomac tranziti yvelaze momgebiania. meore mxriv, Cveni Semosavlis 80_85% damokidebulia 

tranzitze. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri zrda da mdgradi ganviTareba metwilad 

damokidebulia misi, rogorc satranzito qveynis potencialis efeqtian gamoyenebaze. 

1992 wels saqarTveloSi daibada idea evropa-kavkasia-aziis satransporto 

derefnis Sesaxeb. 1993 wels briuselis deklaraciiT Seiqmna regionuli programa 

TRACECA, romelic mowodebuli iyo xeli Seewyo axali satransporto derefnis 

37

mSeneblobisaTvis. 1996 wels daiwyo ,,Sevronis’’ navTobis rkinigziT transportireba 

yazaxeTidan baTumis portamde, aqedan ki zRviT saerTaSoriso bazarze. 

globalur ekonomikaSi saqarTvelos konkurentunarianobis asamaRlebeli erT-erTi 

efeqturi instrumenti qveynis ekonomikis klasteruli ganviTarebis strategiaa. aqve 

vfiqrobT sarkinigzo klasteris Camoyalibeba gansakuTrebiT Seuwyobs xels 

rkinigzis funqcionirebis efeqtianobis amaRlebas saqarTveloSi. sarkinigzo klasteris 

sqema (sqema #1) gviCvenebs biznesis im saxeebisa da kavSirebis ganviTarebis misarkinigzo 

klasteri 

sarkinigzo 

klasteri 

sakanonmdeblo 

baza 

IT teqnologiebi 

eleqtromarTva 

xe-tyis klasteri 

Sida da gare 

samarTlebrivi 

sivrce 

samTavrobo 

struqturebi 

saswavlo/sakvali 

fikacio centrebi 

kavSirgabmulobis 

klasteri 

turistuli 

klasteri 

garemos dacvis 

klasteri 

relsebi 

ganaxleba, 

remonti. 

kvebis 

mrewveloba 

(mSrali 

kveba) 

sarkinigz 

o 

klasteri 

liandageb 

i 

vagonebi 

Spalebi 

Savi/feradi 

liTonis 

warmoeba 

qimiuri 

mrewveloba 

samSeneblo 

infrastruq 

tura 

saRebavebis 

warmoeba 

rezinis 

warmoeba 

plastmasis 

warmoeba 

spec.tansac. 

warmoeba 

fardebida 

sxva 

,,aqsesuarebi’’ 

safeiqro 

mrewveloba 

detalebis 

qimiuri 

damuSaveba 

rez. 

xelTaTmane 

bis 

warmoeba 

poligrafi 

a 

rez. 

feqxsqcmli 

s warmoeba 

ganaTebis 

sistema 

eleqtro 

mowyobilobis 

warmoeba 

sqema # 1. sarkinigzo klasteri 

38

marTulebes rac SesaZlebelia am dargis klasteruli dagegmviT ganxorcieleba. 

klasterebs SeuZliaT moicvan erTi an meti samrewvelo seqtori. regionuli da regionTaSoriso 

klasteri warmoadgens ekonomikis urTierTdamokidebul seqtorebs, moicavs 

sabazo dargs, mimwodebel dargebs da maTi produqtebis momxmarebel dargebs, 

aseve Sesabamisi mowyobilobebisa da momsaxurebis mwarmoeblebs, pirvel rigSi, samecniero_saganmanaTleblo 

da maRalteqnologiuri. 

politika, rac iwvevs klasterebis srulyofas xSirad icvleba. istoriuli gamocdilebidan 

gamomdinare realuri konkurenciuli upiratesobis misaRwevad klasterebs 

sWirdebaT 10 an meti weli – esaa erT-erTi im mizezTagani, ris gamoc, mTavrobebi 

ar arian dainteresebulni Seqmnan klasteri. Tumca, rodesac klasteris agebis 

gamocdileba ukve cnobilia, saxelmwifos mizanmimarTul mcdelobas SeuZlia 

gacilebiT nakleb droSi gamoiRos sasurveli Sedegebi. 


1. i. gagniZe, `saqarTvelos ekonomikis ganviTarebis strategiis Sesaxeb~, Jurn. 

`saqarTvelos ekonomika~ #1, 2008w. 

2. l. gejaZe, m. beTxoSvili, g. afciauri, Sps ,, saqarTvelos rkinigzis’’ saoperacio 

maCveneblebis 2005-2007ww. Aanalizi, praqtikis angariSi; 

3. saqarTvelos rkinigza, problemebi da perspeqtivebi. fondi Ria sazogadoeba 

saqarTvelos Sida proeqti ,,Sps. saqarTvelos rkinigza-analitikuri angariSis 

momzadeba’’ www.osgf.ge; 

4. m. CorgolaSvili, saqarTveloSi rkinigzis transportis ganviTarebis istoria (1846-1925), 

disertacia Tb. 1972; 

5. A. Gegeshidze, National Assessment Report for Sustainable Development, www.gfsis.org 6. M. PORTER - ON 

COMPETITION, A HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW BOOK; HARVARD BUSINESS PRESS,1998 (Russian 

version; 2002 ) 

7. Booz Allen Hamilton: Georgian Railways Restructuring Assistance. Assessment Report, May 2005. 

8. Statistical Yearbook of Georgia: 2008 / Department of Statistics under Ministry of Economic Development of 

Georgia. – Tbilisi, 2008. 

9. The European Cluster Memorandum, Promouting European Innovation through Cluster: An Agenda for Policy Action. 

www.clusterobservatory.eu 

10. www.traceca-org.org. 

11. www.railway.ge 

39

sareklamo biznesis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi 1 

TinaTin axvlediani 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: prof. T. Sengelia 

dResdReobiT, reklama TiToeuli moqalaqis cxovrebis da, rac mTavaria, 

biznesis warmoebis ganuyofeli nawilia. biznesSi reklamis warmoSobas rTuli 

istoriuli sa-fuZvlebi aqvs. igi udaod dakavSirebulia Sromis sazogadoebriv 

danawilebasTan, ramac TavisTavad Seqmna produqciis namatis miRebis SesaZlebloba, 

rac dakavSirebuli iyo gasaReba-gacvlis problemasTan. mravali aseuli aTasi 

mwarmoebelis mier gamoSvebul aTeul da aseul milion saqonels Soris romelime 

erTi konkretuli kompaniis produqciis an momsaxurebis gayidva mxolod reklamas 

Tu SeuZlia. reklama aris info-macia, gavrcelebuli nebismieri meTodiT, nebismieri 

formiT da xerxiT, mimarTuli sa-zogadoebis farTo masebisTvis, reklamirebis 

obieqtis mimarT maTi yuradRebis mi-pyrobis da interesis gaRvivebis mizniT. 

Tanamedrove komerciuli saqmianoba warmo-udgenelia kargad organizebuli reklamis 

gareSe. sul oriode aTeuli wlis win gasaRebis formula iyo aseTi: 

produqcia + gayidva = gasaRebas 

dRes es formula mniSvnelovnad garTulda da man miiRo Semdegi saxe: 

produqcia + ganawileba + kvleva + agentebi + gadaadgileba + reklama + gayidva = 

gasaRebas 

produqciis TviTRirebulebaSi produqciis reklamis wili 40_50%_ia, 

magram es araa axali, radgan istoriidan viciT, rom `koka_kolis~ xarjebis 70% 

reklamaze modis. raSia `koka_kolas~ unikaluroba? araferSi! maS ratom iyideba 

yvelaze metad? imitom, rom yvelaze didi reklama aqvs da moqmedebs adamianis, 

gansakuTrebiT mozardebis fsiqikaze. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom koka-kola dges ukve 

momxmareblis TavSi zis da mas azrovnebis inercia hqvia! 

reklamis industriis sawyis etapad me-19 saukunes miiCneven, Tumca misi primiti-uli 

formebi jer kidev uZveles periodSi SeimCneva. warwerebma qvebze, kedlebze, 

papirusebze Zveli babilonidan, egviptidan, romidan, Tu saberZneTidan Semogvinaxes 

Se-tyobinebebi, romlebSic mocemulia informacia gasayid saqonelsa Tu 

momsaxurebaze, uaxloes droSi mosalodnel movlenebze, gaqceuli monebis povnisTvis 

dawesebul jildoebze da a.S. pirveli sareklamo saagento sruli momsaxurebiT 

1891 wels niuorkSi jorj batenma daaarsa. meoce saukunis bolosTvis es kompania 

1 sakonferencio moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo 

universitetis mier organizebul studentTa me-10 samecniero konferenciaze. ibeWdeba Semcirebuli 

formatiT. 

40

erT-erTi giganti gaxda sareklamo biznesSi, romlis wliuri brunvac 3,26 mlrd 

dolars Seadgenda. me-19 saukunis bolos sagazeTo reklamam saqarTveloSic 

mniSvnelovnad moikida fexi. gasakuTrebiT sainteresoa is, rom am periodisTvis ukve 

ganviTarebulia sareklamo teqstis xelovneba, fasdaklebis cneba da Tanamedrove 

reklamisTvis damaxasiaTebeli bevri sxva niSani. magaliTisTvis moviyvanoT gazeT 

ìveriis~ 1886 wlis gamocemidan Semdegi gancxadeba: 

`qalaq baTaumSi vagzalis maxloblad axlad gavaRe mebelirovani oTaxebi 

`venecia~. miuxedavad imisa, rom baTaumSi siZvire aris, maqvs ##-bi sufTad 

mowyobili dReSi 50 kapeikidam 1,5 manaTamde, TveobiT 10 manaTidam 30 manaTamdis~. 

Tumca konkurenciis Tema droebiT kapitalizms Cabarda. im dros, rodesac 

saqarTvelos `komunizmis mze dahnaToda~, dasavleT evropasa da amerikaSi reklama 

sul ufro da ufro viTardeboda. 1914 wels `jeneral motorsma~ gamouSva axali 

kadilaki 8 cilindriani ZraviT. reklamaSi ki araferi ar yofila amis Sesaxeb 

naTqvami. aseve ar yofila arc axali manqanis foto, mxolod ramdenime sityviani 

teqsti: `gadaixade liderobisTvis~. gaCnda pirveli sloganic. 

dResdReobiT sareklamo bazari miekuTvneba msoflioSi yvelaze dinamiurad 

mzardi bazrebis ricxvs. misi tevadoba uaxlovdeba msoflio produqtis 1,25% 

(daaxloebiT 0,5 trln aSS dolari). calkeul qveynebSi es cifri gacilebiT metia. 

iseve rogorc mTels msoflioSi, saqarTveloSic sareklamo kampanias, rogorc wesi, 

sareklamo saagentoebi awarmoeben. CvenTan saagentoebi 16_17 welia rac arseboben da 

TavianT sareklamo saqmianobas axorcieleben. umravlesoba mcire zomis da biujetis 

mqone kompaniebia. unda aRiniSnos, rom Tu sazRvargareT saagentoebi garkveuli 

sferos specifikis mixedviT iyofian, CvenTan saqme sxvagvaradaa. Cvens kompaniebs 

muSaoba sakmaod rTul pirobebSi uxdebaT. iqidan gamomdinare, rom bazari pataraa, 

maT yvelafris keTeba Tavad uxdebaT _ es iqneba sareklamo kampaniis dagegmvaze, 

ganTavsebasa Tu kreatiul mxareze zrunva. Tumca arian iseTi saagentoebic, romlebic 

mxolod dagegmvasa da mis ganTavsebaze specialistdebian. 

sareklamo saagento èi_si jgufis~ direqtoris, baton zurab iobaSvilis 

TqmiT, sazRvargareT farTomasStabian sareklamo kampanias moculobiT didi 

organizaciebi, holdingebi Tu transnacionaluri kompaniebi axorcieleben. Cvens 

SemTxvevaSi ki es ase ar xdeba. amis mTavari mizezi isaa, rom bazari sakmaod 

pataraa. bazari pataraa, magram rogorc saagento `media_artis~ kreatiuli menejeri 

giorgi CikvilaZe ambobs, qarTuli sareklamo bazari kreatiulad Zalian kargia. 

sareklamo saagentoebi sareklamo kampaniis ganxorcilebis dros masobrivi 

informaciis iseT saSualebebs iyeneben, rogoricaa _ te-levizia, radio, presa, gare 

reklama da interneti. Tuki msoflios sareklamo bazars gadavxedavT, gamoyenebis 

TvalsazrisiT, masobrivi informaciis saSualebebs Soris yve-laze didi procenti 

televiziasa da presaze modis. magaliTad, espaneTSi televizia sa-reklamo bazris 

41

daaxloebiT 50%_s ikavebs. saqarTveloSi sareklamo saSuelebebi kvlavac formirebis 

procesSia. dResdReobiT reklama xorcieldeba Semdegi saxeebiT —teleeTeriT-bazris 

60%, bilbordebiT quCaSi da sxvadasxva sanaxaobebze-8%, beWdviTi saSualebebiT-12%, 

internetis saSualebiT-18%, sxva saSualebebiT-2%. rogorc vxedavT, ganviTarebulia 

telemauwyebloba da beWdviTi media. televiziiT reklamis drois 70% wamlis 

reklamas ukavia . calsaxad lideroben iseTi arxebi, romlebsac gaaCniaT dafarvis 

maRali maCvenebeli. SedarebiT naklebad arian ganviTarebuli adgilobrivi mauwyeblebi. 

isini CamorCebian sareklamo saSualebebis Sefasebis saerTaSoriso standartebs. 

maTi umravlesoba ver axerxebs TviTdafinansebas, rac Tavis mxriv, xels 

uSlis damoukidebel ganviTarebas. rogorc cnobilia, biznes-aqtivoba ZiriTadad 

TbilisSia koncentrirebuli, xolo TbilisSi arsebuli biznes seqtori prioritets 

erovnul mauwyeblebs aniWeben, radganac aseT telearxebze ganTavsebuli reklama 

mTel saqarTvelos faravs da saWiro aRar aris sxvadasxva regionalur arxebTan 

molaparakeba. saqarTvelos mosaxleobas saSualeba aqvs uyuros TiTqmis yvela 

erovnul telearxs. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom TiTqmis yvela regionSi arsebobs 

regionaluri televizia, rac kidev ufro zrdis konkurencias qarTul da ucxour 

arxebs Soris. 

2004 wlis seqtembridan qarTul bazarze moRvaweobs kompania ÀGB Nielsen 

Media Research~. is saerTaSoriso organizaciaa da msoflios 45 qveyanaSi aqvs Tavisi 

warmomadgenloba, maT Soris saqarTveloSic. esaa delegirebisa da monitoringis 

sakmaod seriozuli struqtura, romelic Tavis momsaxurebas tele Tu sareklamo 

kompaniebs sTavazobs. ÀGB Nielsen~_ma Tavis momxmarebels specialuri programa, 

`Rianna~ SesTavaza. esaa satelevizio reitingebi, romelze dayrdnobiTac saagentoebi 

TavianT sareklamo kampaniebs SeimuSaveben. ÀGB Nielsen~ am kvlevebs fiflmetrebis 

saSualebiT axorcielebs. isini saqarTveloSi daaxloebiT 300 ojaxSia 

damontaJebuli da maTi saSualebiT Tvalyurs adevneben, mayurebeli meti sixSiriT 

romel gadacemas Tu telearxs uyurebs. ÀGB Nielsen~_is momsaxurebiT Semdegi 

sareklamo saagentoebi sargebloben: èi_si jgufi~, àd korporacia~, ìmperiali~, 

ìmedi-kontaqti~, `GSG~ `sarke~, `starkommediavesti~, `TV~, `TV+~. es saagentoebi, 

romlebic am monacemebs yi-duloben, arian wamyvani kompaniebi saqarTveloSi, isini, 

reitingebze dayrdnobiT, Se-sabamisi programuli uzrunvelyofis safuZvelze sworad 

gegmaven da sakmaod maRal-kvalificiur doneze warmarTaven sareklamo kampaniebs. ar 

SeiZleba ar aRvniSnoT is faqtic, rom nel-nela umjobesdeba reklamis xarisxi. 

ramdenime studia Zalian sa-interesod muSaobs am mimarTulebiT. rac Seexeba 

reklamis ganTavsebis Rirebulebas, televiziisa da radios SemTxvevaSi fasebi 

saeTero drois reitingzea mibmuli, xolo beWdviTi mediis SemTxvevaSi fasebi 

damokidebulia gverdebis poziciebsa da rubrikebis Janrebze. yvela telearxs fasebi 

gansazRvruli aqvs aSS dolarebSi (dRg-s CaTvliT). rogorc wesi, gansxvavdeba 

42

fasebi gadacemebis pirvel, meore da mesame sareklamo blokebisaTvis. reklamis 

ganTavsebis fasebi yvelaze maRalia saRamos sainformacio gamoSvebebSi. beWdviT 

mediaSi maRalia fasi pirvel da bolo gverdebze, sadac gan-Tavsebulia politikisa 

da ekonomikis Temebze momzadebuli statiebi. 

saqarTveloSi Seiqmna sistema, romlis meSveobiT sareklamo da telekompaniebs 

So-ris urTierToba ufro civiluri formiT xorcieldeba. jer kidev 2004 wels 

kompania `mediahausi~, xolo ukve 2005 wlidan `videointerneiSenali~ Semovidnen 

qarTul bazarze da isini eqskluziuri uflebiT uzrunvelyofen telekompaniebis 

sareklamo drois miyidvas sareklamo saagentoebisTvis. 

yovelive zemoTqmulis simtkiceSi dasarwmuneblad ganvixiloT erT-erTi 

warmatebuli sareklamo kompania `pasportis~ funqcionireba da saqmianoba. 

sareklamo kompania `pasporti~ daarsda 2006 wels, damfuZneblebis mier 

sazRvaargareT SeZenili 13 wliani gamocdileba gaxda kompaniis dafuZnebis mizezic 

da Sedegic. saqarTveloSi 2 welia rac funqcionirebsKda misi muSaoba mimarTulia 

sareklamo programebis dagegmarebasa da misi Tanmxlebi masalebis momzadebaze 

.kompaniis klientTa SemadgenlobaSi Sedian saqarTveloSi: àrtifaqti~, èlit 

eleqtroniqsi~, `nikora~, ìnvestbanki~, `taoprivatbanki~, `mecxreca~, ìrao~, 

`babilina~, `Tbilisi~ `centrali~, xolo sazRvargareT: `kenvudi~, `Topdizaini~, 

“BVK”, `stolari~, `latviis banki~, `luma~. 

kompania produqciis reklamirebas axdens mediaSi, qmnis socialur da gare 

reklamebs, muSaobs veb dizainsa da grafikul dizainze, prezentaciebsa da sxvadasxva 

Ronisziebebze. kompania Dsakmaod warmatebulia sareklamo bazarze, misi warmatebis 

ga-rantad ki SeiZleba dasaxeldes sworad SemuSavebuli da organizebuli servisi, 

romelic moicavs: dagegmarebas, SemuSavebas, damzadebas da koordanicias. 

sabolood, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Cvens qveyanaSi multinacionaluri kompaniebis 

damkvidrebis da popularizaciis aucilebel pirobas saerTaSoriso reklamis Semosvla 

warmoadgenda. qarTul sareklamo bazarze giganti saagentoebis gamoCenam ufrosi 

partniorebis rangSi, adgilobrivi saagentoebis muSaobis xarisxi gaaumjobesa da qar- 

Tuli reklama saerTaSoriso standartebs dauaxlovda. am faqtorebTan erTad sareklamo 

bazris zrdas xels uwyobs konkurenciis ganviTareba biznesis sxvadasxva sferoSi. 

CvenTan konkurencia gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda mobiluri kavSirgabmulobis, safinanso, 

mSeneblobis, farmaciis sferoebSi. maT Zalian kargad ician reklamis mniSvneloba. 

satelevizio drois ZiriTad nawils swored aRniSnul sferoebSi moTamaSe 

kompaniebi avseben. isini, dResdReobiT sakmaod Zlier, msxvilbiujetian, swori strategiis 

mqone organizaciebs warmoadgenen da warmatebulebic arian. kompaniebi ufro 

met investirebas axorcieleben reklamaSi, vidre ramdenime wlis win. qarTuli sareklamo 

saagentoebi ki sareklamo obieqtis specifikidan gamomdinare, gegmaven sareklamo 

kampanias da reklamis ganTavsebisTvis TiTqmis yvela arsebul saSualebas iyeneben 

43

kombinirebulad. unda aRiniSnos aseve rogoria saqarTveloSi reklamis sakanonmdeblo 

regulireba. saqarTveloSi moqmedebs kanoni ,,reklamis Sesaxeb~ da kanoni: 

,,momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb~. kanonSi aRniSnulia: _ Tu momxmarebeli 

gaxda arakeTilsindisieri reklamis msxverpli, mas ufleba aqvs wamoayenos miyenebuli 

zaralis anazRaurebis moTxovna. kanoni ,,reklamis Sesaxeb” awesebs garkveul 

kvotebs imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu saeTero drois ra nawili SeiZleba daeTmos 

sareklamo tixrebs. calke WrilSi ganixileba saganmanaTleblo gadacemebi. aseTi 

tipis gadacemebi SesaZlebelia Sewydes ara umetes 15 wuTSi erTxel da ara umetes 

45 wamiT, xolo sxva gadacemebi, romelTa xangrZlivoba 1 saaTze naklebia _ ara 

umetes 3-jer translirebis ganmavlobaSi. zogadad ki radio da telegadacemebSi 

reklama dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi ar unda aRematebodes mauwyeblobis saeTero 

moculobis 15%-s, xolo yoveli erTi saaTi saeTero drois ganmavlobaSi _ 20%-s, 

garda socialuri reklamisa da specializebuli sareklamo radio da telegadacemebisa,romlebic 

registrirebulia rogorc sareklamo gadacemebi. 

saqarTvelos statistikis departamenitis 2005 wlis monacemebiT sareklamo 

bazari 5 mln lars Seadgenda, 2006 wlis monacemebiT _ 12 mln lars, 2007 wlis 

monacemebiT _ 18 mln lars, 2008 wlis monacemebiT _ 21 mln lars. sareklamo 

bazris ganviTarebaze dadebiTi gavlena iqonia reklamis gadasaxadis moxsnam anu reklamis 

ganmaTavsebels gamouTavisuflda garkveuli saxsrebi, romlebic savaraudod 

isev reklamaSi daixarjeba. garda amisa unda aRiniSnos, rom ganviTarebul bazrebze 

reklamis kvlevaze ixarjeba Semosavlebis 0,5-1,5 %, saqarTveloSi ki am maCvenebelma 

2007 wels 1,3% Seadgina. erTi SexedviT es indikatori dadebiTad asaxavs qarTul 

sareklamo bazars, Tumca unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom auditoriis kvlevebze gaweuli 

xarjebis 60%-ze meti dafinansebulia saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier mediis 

ganviTarebis xelSewyobiT.ra Tqma unda, ganviTarebisTvis kidev bevri muSaobaa saWiro, 

magram dReisTvis ukve iqmneba kargi adgilobrivi produqti. 


1. Teimuraz Sengelia, `biznesis administrirebis safuZvlebi~, Tb. 2008. 

2. www.passport-ac.ge 

3. www.statistics.ge 

4. www.nbg.ge 

44

sastumro biznesi saqarTveloSi 1 

valeriane joxaZe 

qeTevan pirveli 

Tsu bakalavrebi 


pirvelma da meore samrewvelo revoluciam gamoiwvia samewarmeo biznesSi 

adamianis fizikuri Sromis minimumamde dayvana da warmoebis kompiuterizacia. 

gamoTavisuflebuli Sromis nakadi gadaerTo samomsaxureo biznesSi, sadac maT 

alternativa ar gaaCniaT. msoflioSi samomsaxureo biznesi mkveTri zrdiT xasiaTdeba 

da mravali ganviTarebuli qveynis ekonomika swored mas efuZneba. magaliTad: aSS-Si 

masze modis biujetis Semosavlis 70%, iaponiaSi_74%, xolo germaniaSi_62%. 

Uukanasknel aTwledSi elviseburi siswrafiT ganviTarda momsaxurebis iseTi 

sferoebi, rogoricaa: transporti da komunikaciebi, kerZo samedicino dawesebulebani, 

sabavSvo baRebi, skolebi, fitnes klubebi da sxva. unda aRiniSnos, rom yvelaze didi 

perspeqtiva gaaCnia turizmsa da sastumro bizness, romelic ukve gaxda mravali 

iseTi qveynis prioriteti, rogoricaa: saberZneTi, italia, malta, egvipte, israeli 

da sxva, maT Sorisaa saqarTveloc. 

saqarTveloSi sastumro biznesis ganviTareba ganpirobebulia ramdenime 

faqtoriT, maTgan umniSvnelovanesia misi unikaluri geografiul-klimaturi 

maxasiaTeblebi, rac, cxadia, uamrav damsvenebels izidavs saqarTveloSi. bolo wlebis 

gamavlobaSi, gansakuTrebiT 2004-2007 wlebSi, saqarTvelos ekonomikam zrda 

ganicada, saqarTveloSi investiciebis namdvili bumi Seiqmna, ramac kidev ufro 

saWiro gaxada umaRlesi klasis sastumroebis arseboba. aRniSvnis Rirsia qveynis 

politikuri mdgomareoba. 7 noembris, agvistosa da sxva movlenebis Sesaswavlad 

msofliodan uamravi Jurnalisti, sazogado moRvawe da politikosi Camovida, rac, 

cxadia, kidev erTi stimuli iyo sastumroebis mflobelebisaTvis. 

yvela eqsperti adasturebs, rom saqarTveloSi arsebobs sastumroebis biznesis 

ganviTarebis udidesi potenciali. am biznesis wamowyeba da bazarze konkurenciis daZleva 

ramdenime wlis win sruliadac ar moiTxovda Zalian did finansebs. amJamad 

mdgomareoba mkveTrad Seicvala. sastumro ,,VIP-viqtoria~ naTeli magaliTia imisa, 

Tu rogor SeiZleba mcire resursebiT momgebiani biznesis Seqmna. es saojaxo biznesi 

2002 wels iqna daarsebuli qalbaton viqtoria qurdiSvilis mier. sastumro gaTvlilia 

spe-cifikur momxmarebelze, saqmian xalxze. es sam varskvlaviani sastumro 

1 sakonferencio moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo 

universitetis mier organizebul studentTa me-10 samecniero konferenciaze. ibeWdeba Semcirebuli 

formatiT. 

45

momxmarebels sTavazobs ojaxur da myudro garemos, rac erTob izidavs klientebs. 

sastumros menejeris azriT, swored es aris misi biznesis warmatebis saidumlo. 

erTadgiliani nomris Rirebuleba 100-150$ aSS-s dolaramde meryeobs, oradgiliani 

120-180$ aSS-s dolaramde, xolo luqsebi 150-200$ aSS-s dolari Rirs. sastumro 

qalaqis centralur ubanSi mdebareobs, oTaxebi sakmaod komfortuli da mdidrulad 

gaformebulia, sastumro idealuria saqmiani adamianebisaTvis, gonebrivi muSaobisa da 

gantvirTvisaTvis. 

rodesac vmsjelobT sastumro biznesis ganviTarebis tendenciebze 

saqarTveloSi, upriania ganvixiloT ori periodi: 2008 wlamde da 2008 wlidan 

dRemde. 2008 wlamde arsebulma ekonomikurma zrdam ganapiroba Cvens qveyanaSi axali 

sastumroebis masobrivi mSenebloba, amasTan, kerZo investorebi orientirebulni 

iyvnen stabilur, grZelvadian mogebaze. ,,interkontinetali~, ,,haiati~, ,,kempinski~ – 

es is brendebia, romlebic saqarTvelos bazarze Semosvlas gegmavdnen. es TavisTavad 

kargi precendenti iyo. am kompaniebis SemosvliT gaizrdeboda konkurencia, 

daixveweboda servisi, daregulirdeboda fasebi. Pparalelurad gaizrdeboda 

momsaxurebis donec qarTuli sastumroebisa, romelTa umravlesoba jer kidev ver 

akmayofilebs saerTaSoriso standartebs, Tumca gamonaklisia: ,,marioti~, ,,Seraton 

metexi palasi~, ,,vere palasi~ da sxvani. aRsaniSnavia is, rom 2004-2007 wlebSi 

sastumroebis bazris mkveTri zrda. Aam sferoSi Catarebulma kvlevebma gviCvena, rom 

2005 wlisTvis Tbilisis masStabiT sul 76 sastumro funqcionirebda. 2006-2007 

wlebSi situacia radikalurad Seicvala, qveyanaSi 227 sastumros, 376 gesthauss da 

sastumros tipis dawesebulebas viTvlidiT. maTgan 8.9% saxelmwifo sakuTreba iyo, 

xolo 91.1% - kerZo sakuTreba. 

aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom sastumroebisa da sastumros tipis dawesebulebebis 

mTlianma Semosavalma 2006 wels (dRg-sa da aqcizis gareSe) 107.0 milioni lari 

Seadgina. Semosavalebis 53.0% moRebuli iyo nomrebis sargeblobidan. stumrebis 

raodenoba 217 095 kaci iyo, maTgan yvelaze meti, 49.9% Camosuli iyo saqmiani da 

profesiuli mizniT. 

amrigad, rogorc davinaxeT, saqarTvelom 2004-2007 wlebSi daiwyo 

warmatebuli marketinguli kampania turistebis mosazidad. am periodSi iyo dReebi, 

rodesac Tbilisis sastumroebi gadaWedili iyo da winaswari dajavSnis gareSe 

nomris daqiraveba seriozul problemas warmoadgenda. Pparalelurad mimdinareobda 

aqtiuri muSaoba sastumroebze moTxovnis gasazrdelad, rogorc Tbilissa da 

aWaraSi, aseve svaneTSi, SatilSi, borjom-bakurianSi, gudaursa da baxmaroSi. 

sainteresoa isic, rom am periodSi saqarTveloSi sastumro biznesiT dainteresda 

araerTi ucxouri kompania. Ddaigegma 6-7 erTmaneTze ufro didi sastumros 

mSenebloba, rasac savaraudoa, rom patara sastumroebis mSeneblobac mohyveboda. Tu 

46

es proeqtebi ganxorcieldeboda, maSin Cvens bazarze marTlac Semovidodnen zemoT 

aRniSnuli gigantebi: ,,interkontinentali~, ,,haiati~ da ,,kempinski~. 

sagulisxmoa isic, rom Cvens sastumroebSi fasebi Zalian Zviri iyo. 

spekulaciuri fasebis bazarze damkvidreba ganapiroba ZiriTadad iman, rom 

sastumroebis nomrebze didi moTxovna iyo. miuxedavad fasebisa, produqti mainc iyideboda, 

radgan bazarze miwodebac ar iyo sakmarisi. cxadia, am mxrivac ucxouri 

brendebis gamoCena dadebiTi movlena iqneboda. 

amave periodSi gamoikveTa ZiriTadad 4 da 5 varskvlaviani sastumroebis gaxsnis 

tendencia. zemoT aRniSnuli brendebi swored umaRlesi klasis sastumroebiT 

cdilobdnen Cvens bazarze Semosvlas. Aam movlenas Tavis mxriv ori mxare gaaCnda. 

cxa-dia, aseTi sastumroebis arseboba qveynis prestiJze dadebiT zegavlenas 

moaxdenda da Seqmnida qveynis stabilurobis, ekonomikuri siZlieris, simdidris 

imijs. moizidavda ucxoel investorebs da zogadad, gaamyarebda qveynis bizness, 

magram amavdroulad 4 da 5 varskvlaviani sastumroebiT cxadia SeuZlebelia masobrivi 

turizmis ganviTareba, radgan turistebis absoluturi umravlesoba upiratesobas 

aniWebs 2 da 3 varskvlavian sastumroebsa da gesthausebs. amdenad, gaCnda 

qveyanaSi saSualo klasis sastumroebis arsebobis aucilebloba. cxadia, iseTi 

brendebi, rogoricaa: ,,interkontinentali~, ,,haiati~ da ,,kempinski~ floben 2 da 3 

varskvlaviani sastumroebis qselsac. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba gvevarauda, rom 

qveyanaSi saSualo klasis sastumroebis mSeneblobac warmatebiT gagrZeldeboda, rac 

xels Seuwyobda saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebas. amdenad, prognozebi metad 

pozitiuri iyo, yvelaferi rom gegmis mixedviT warmarTuliyo 2009_2010 wlebSi 

Cven unda gvenaxa am biznesis ayvaveba Cvens sam-SobloSi. Seiqmneboda erTgvari nazavi 

erTi mxriv, gesthausebisa da saSualo klasis sastumroebisa, romlebic ZiriTadad 

iqneboda orientirebuli turistebze da meore mxriv, umaRlesi klasis 4 da 5 varskvlaviani 

sastumroebisa, romlebic umaspinZlebda biznesmenebs, politikosebsa da 

mdidar xalxs. 

2004-2007 wlebSi qveyanaSi sastumro biznesis popularobaze metyvelebs kadrebis 

momzadebis maRali donec. saberZneTis mTavrobis daxmarebiT, igegmeboda turistuli 

skolis gaxsna, romelic erT-erTi yvelaze Zlieri baza iqneboda aramarto 

kavkasiis regionSi, arames mTels evropaSic. seriozuli kontaqtebi damyarda evropul 

da amerikul skolebTan. aseve aRsaniSnavia qarTuli gadamzadebis programebi, 

romlebic mcire da saSualo biznesis ganviTarebisa da dasaqmebis farglebSi xorcieldeba. 

dRes saqarTveloSi samwuxarod sapirispiro tendenciaa. jer agvistos ruseTsaqarTvelos 

omma da Semdgom ki didma ekonomikurma krizisma didi kvali datova 

sastumro biznesis ganviTarebaze. Ppirvel rigSi, sagulisxmoa, rom agvistos omma saqarTvelos 

imiji msoflios masStabiT mkveTrad dasca. Cveni qveyana ucxoeli 

47

investorebis mier aRiqmeba rogorc arastabiluri, politikurad aramdgradi saxelmwifo. 

Mmeore mxriv, ruseTTan diplomatiuri urTierTobis Sewyvetam mniSvnelovnad 

Se-amcira saqarTveloSi Camosul biznesmenTa da turistTa raodenoba. ,,Cven 

faq-tobrivad davkargeT ara mxolod rusi, aramed ukraineli da yazaxi klientebic.“ 

- acxadebs saqarTveloSi erT-erTi warmatebuli saSualo klasis sastumros ,,VIP 

viqtoria~ mflobeli q-ni viqtoria qurdiSvili. Aam movlenas Tan daerTo mwvave ekonomikuri 

krizisic, ramac faqtobrivad momxmareblebis raodenoba gaunaxevra qarTul 

sastumroebs. SeCerda da gaurkvevel dromde gadaido ,,interkontinentali~-s da sxva 

umaRlesi klasis sastumroebis mSenebloba. SeimCneva bazarze egreT wodebuli 

,,yaCaRuri~ fasdakleba, anu fasebi katastrofulad ecema klientebis SesanarCuneblad, 

rac, cxadia, ganpirobebulia moTxovnis mkveTri SemcirebiT. 

dRes msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis Ffonze axali biznesis wamowyeba did 

riskTan aris dakavSirebuli. firmebis didi umravlesoba amcirebs warmoebis 

masStabebs, rac ga-moixateba TanamSromlebis daTxovniT, an saerTodac bazridan 

gasvliT. cxadia, pirvel rigSi es krizisi samewarmeo bizness Seexo, radgan maT 

veRar miiRes saWiro Tanxa ban-kebidan kreditis saxiT produqciis sawarmoeblad. 

saqarTveloSi samomsaxureo biznesze krizisi jer kidev ar moqmedebs sruli 

simwvaviT. gansakuTrebiT sagangaSo prognozi sastumroebis menejerebis mier keTdeba 

2009 wlis meore naxevarSi. ,,am dros ukve sastumroebis absolutur umravlesobaSi 

nomris saSualo fasi savaraudod iqneba dRe-vandeli fasebis 60_70%~, _ acxadebs 

saqarTveloSi am sferoSi erT-erTi yvelaze ga-mocdili eqsperti q-n marina 

metreveli. 

sainteresoa ra mdgomareobaa dRevandel bazarze, vin dominirebs, romeli 

sastumro sargeblobs klientebis didi ndobiT. Aam mizniT Cven CavatareT kvleva. 

Tbilisis aeroportSi gamovkiTxeT 500 respodenti. maTgan 61.6% cxovrobda 

sastumroebSi. yvelaze meti_14.3% ,,Tbilisis mariotSi~, xolo yvelaze cota_1.3% 

,,mTiebSi~. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom ara mxolod am gamokiTxviT, aramed 2006_2007 wlebis 

monacemebiTac, ucxoel turistebSi didi popularobiT sargeblobs sastumro 

,,Tbilisi-marioti~. Ees sastumro mdebareobs centralur ubanSi. saSualod, nomris 

fasi meryeobs 250_350 aSS dolaramde, xolo luqsebi 400 aSS dolari da meti 

Rirs. sastumros TiToeuli oTaxi aRWurvilia yvela sasurveli atributiT, angariSsworeba 

SesaZlebelia rogorc naRdi fuliT, aseve sakredito baraTebiTac. 

rogorc sastumros menejerma ganacxada, miuxedavad am segmentSi dominirebisa, maT 

mainc mouwevT uaxloes momavalSi fa-sebis mkveTri daweva. rac ganpirobebulia zemoT 

xsenebuli problemebiT. 

unda aRiniSnos isic, rom evrokavSiris qveynebTan savizo reJimis gamartiveba 

xels Seuwyobs saqarTveloSi turizms. dRes ki ZiriTadad Tbilisis sastumroebi 

48

humanitaruli misiiT Camosul stumrebs, Jurnalistebsa da politikosebs 

maspinZloben. Jurnalistebis gansakuTrebiT didi raodenoba april-maisSi dafiqsirda, 

radgan am pe-riodSi saqarTveloSi Zlier daZabuli politikuri mdgomareoba iyo. 

G garda zemoT aRniSnuli faqtorebisa, saqarTveloSi am biznesis Semaferxebeli 

sxva garemoebebic arsebobs. maTgan yvelaze mniSvnelovania enobrivi barieris arseboba 

_ regionebsa da kurortebSi arsebul sastumroTa absolutur umravlesobas ar 

hyavs inglisuri enis mcodne TanamSromlebi.Ddid problemas qmnis regionebSi infrastruqturis 

dabali xarisxi. magaliTad, maRalmTian regionebSi arsebul sastumroebSi 

saerTod ver ESexvdebiT internets da sxva saqmiani turistebisaTvis saWiro atributs. 

Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT Tbilissa da baTumSi arsebul ramdenime brends, 

praqtikulad arcerTi sastumro da gesthausi ar atarebs bazris safuZvlian marketingul 

kvlevas, maT arc saTanado TanamSromlebi hyavT da arc gamocdil firmebs 

mimarTaven. Aam kuTxiT gamonaklisebs miekuTvnebian zemoT xsenebuli popularuli 

brendebi. MmagaliTad: ,,Tbilisis mariotSi~ arsebobs specialuri samsaxuri, romelic 

orientirebulia bazris marketingul Seswavlaze.Aam mxriv seriozul samuSaoebs 

atarebs agreTve ,,Seraton metexi palasi~-c, rac maTi warmatebis erT-erTi faqtoria.Mmwvaved 

dgas regionebSi kompetenturi, gadamzadebuli personalis ararsebobis 

sakiTxic, riTac aris gamowveuli am sastumroebisa da gesthausebis araswori menejmenti 

da arasaxarbielo mdgomareoba. 

Y yovelive zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom 

saqarveloSi sastumro bizness gaaCnia didi potenciali. samosaxureo biznesis am 

umniSvnelovanes dargs zogadad axasiaTebs zrdis mkveTri tendencia. Oorientirebulia, 

rogorc saSualo Semosavlian turistebze, aseve maRal Semosavlian da pretenziul 

momxmarebelze, gaaCnia gasaRebis farTo areali, rogorc qveynis SigniT, aseve 

evrokavSiris, dsT-s qveynebsa da aSS-Si. cxadia, es udidesi ekonomikuri krizisi, 

romelic Tavs daatyda bizness, nawilobriv aferxebs mis ganviTarebas, magram 

davesesxebi q-n. m. metrevels da vityvi, rom am dargis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi 

aris Seuferxebeli da Seuqcevadi procesi. 


1. r. asaTiani, “ekonomiqsis” ganmartebiTi leqsikoni. Tb. 1996. 

2. g.gamsaxurdia, “finansebis roli gardamaval ekonomikaSi”. Tb. 1997. 

3. d.ZnelaZe, “msoflio ekonomika” Tb. 1997. 


5. www.nbg.ge 

49

Zis poduqtebis bazari saqarTveloSi 1 

daviT gabriWiZe 

mariam kevliSvili 



ukanasknel wlebSi saqarTveloSi sagrZnoblad imata rZis produqtebis mwarmoebel 

kompaniaTa ricxvma. Tu wlebis win qveyana Caize, Rvinosa da citrusze iyo orientirebuli 

da rZis warmoebas TiTqmis ar eTmoboda yuradReba, dResdReobiT merZeveobis seqtori 

sakmaod ganviTarebulia da rZis biznesi erT-erT yvelaze momgebianad iTvleba saqarTveloSi. 

qveyanaSi rZis produqtebze maRali da stabiluri moTxovnaa, rac qmnis SesaniSnav 

SesaZleblobas rZis seqtoris ganviTarebisaTvis. es produqcia warmoadgens saqarTveloSi 

mcxovrebi sxvadasxva asakobrivi jgufis racionis Seucvlel nawils. 

rZis produqtebis bazari sakmaod farTo da konkurentulia. èko-fudi~, `sante~, 

àmalTea~ (romelic kvlav gamoCnda bazarze), `sando~ da a.S. - es kompaniebi bazris mTavari 

moTamaSeebi arian. momxmarebels mzardi konkurencia komfortul pirobebs uqmnis, radgan 

konkurencia TavisTavad fasebis stabilurobaze, produqciis xarisxis SenarCunebagaumjobesebasa 

da inovaciebze udides gavlenas axdens. swrafad cvalebadi garemo da mzardi 

konkurencia ki kompaniebs didi gamowvevebis winaSe ayenebs. konkurentuli upiratesobis 

SenarCunebisa da saqmianobis mudmivi gaumjobesebisaTvis saWiroa resursebis efeqtiani 

gamoyeneba, arsebuli problemebis gamovlena da daZleva. 

problemebs ki arcTu ise cotas awydebian kompaniebi. 

yvelaze mwvave problema am sferoSi naturaluri rZis deficitia. dReisaTvis 

saqarTveloSi mewveli pirutyvis suladoba 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisTan SedarebiT 

mkveTrad momatebulia, Tumca daeca misi produqtiuloba, rac sakvebi bazis gauaresebasTanaa 

dakavSirebuli. yvelaze didi problema is aris, rom am pirutyvis genetika ver SevinarCuneT. 

bolo TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi qveyanaSi genetikuri xazebi saerTod ar Semodioda. 

magram bolo erTi welia, soflis meurneobis saministroSi am mimarTulebiT aqtiurad 

muSaoben. 

naturaluri rZis deficitis gamo qyveyanaSi sawarmoebi iZulebulebi arian produqciis 

waroebisas rZis fxvnili gamoiyenon. rZis fxvnilis importi sakmaod Zviri jdeba da 

xelsayreli ar aris, Tumca mimdinare wels imdenad gaaZvires rZis mwarmoeblebma nedleuli, 

rom SesaZloa, rZis fxvnilisagan produqciis warmoeba ufro iafic dajdes. amis 

miuxedavad, kompaniebi produqtebis warmoebas mainc adgilobrivi naturaluri rZisagan 

arCeven, radgam am gziT miRebuli produqti ufro gemrielia. es ki momxmareblis arCevanze 

did gavlenas axdens, zrdis gayidvebs da, Sesabamisad, kompaniis warmatebulobas. evropul da 

rusul produqciasTan SedarebiT, adgilobrivi nawarmi metad naturaluria da naklebad aris 

damokidebuli rZis fxvnilze. Tu ucxouri ìogurtis~ Senaxvis vada ori wels grZeldeba, 

1 sakonferencio moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis 

mier organizebul studentTa me-10 samecniero konferenciaze. ibeWdeba Semcirebuli 

formatiT. 

50

qarTuli produqti or Tveze mets ar inaxeba. xaWos, araJnisa da kefiris Senaxvis vada ki 3- 

4 dRes ar aWarbebs. garda amisa, aranaturaluri rZisgan SeuZlebelia yvelis damzadeba. 

imaze, rom qarTul bazarze naturaluri rZis produqtebis wili izrdeba, erTi tendenciac 

miuTiTebs: regionebSi Sesabamisad mravldeba rZis Cambarebeli punqtebi, romlebic pirdapir 

amarageben kompaniebs. 

kidev erTi problema bazris am segmentSi is aris, rom rZis warmoebaSi wamyvani roli 

wvril, ojaxur meorneobebs eniWebaT. moqmedi sagadasaxado kodeqsi maT privilegirebul 

mdomareobas aniWebs da aTavisuflebs yovelgvari gadasaxadisgan. es, rasakvirvelia, 

kompaniebs arcTu saxarbielo mdgomareobaSi ayenebs. isini iTxoven iaffasiani warmoebebisgan 

Tavdacvis berketebis amoqmedebas, amis erT-erT gzad ki fermeruli meurneobebis Seqmnas 

moiazreben. rac Seexeba am ukanasknels, dResdReobiT fermeruli meurneobebi, rogorc ukve 

aRvniSneT, mwarmoeblebs naturaluri rZiT ver uzrunvelyofen. amis mizezi ki is aris, rom 

ar gvyavs saWiro raodenobis piutyvi da, zogadad, biznesis es saxeoba ganviTarebuli ar 

aris. Tumca, qveyanaSi sakmarisi bunebrivi pirobebia am dargis ganviTarebisaTvis. ra Tqma 

unda, saamisod mxolod calmxrivi midgomebi ar iqneba sakmarisi. paralelurad 

warmodgenili unda iyos gegma, Tu ras vapirebT mecxoveleobis im donemde misayvanad, rom 

saqarTveloSi nedleulis, am SemTxvevaSi – rZis, deficiti ar arsebobdes. 

statistikuri monacemebiT, bolo 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi industriulad warmoebuli 

rZis produqtebis samomxmareblo bazari yovelwliurad daaxloebiT 20-25%-iT izrdeba, rac 

ZiriTadad imiT aris ganpirobebuli, rom sakveb racionSi rZis produqtebis wilma, wina 

wlebTan SedarebiT, moimata. adgilobrivi produqciis momZlavreba, didi xania, imports 

gasaqans ar aZlevs. arsebuli statistikiT, saqarTveloSi rZis produqtebis saxiT 

ucxoeTidan, ZiriTadad, rZis fxvnili, iogurti da karaqiRa Semodis. ase, rom qarTulma 

produqtma ucxouri produqcia TiTqmis gaaZeva bazridan da es qveynis ekonomikuri 

ganviTarebisaTvis namdvilad kargia. 

bazris gaanalizebis Semdeg, SegviZlia, daskvnis saxiT aRvniSnoT, rom rZis 

poduqtebis biznesi sakmaod perspeqtiulia dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi da ganvixiloT am 

bazris lideri kompaniis – èko-fudis~ magaliTi. 

rZis produqtebis mwarmoebeli kompania èko-fudi~ mimdinare wels mesamed gaxda 

`Golden Brand~-is sertifikatis mflobeli. kompania 2004 wlis aprilSi daarsda da swrafad 

daikava mniSvnelovani adgili rZis produqtebis bazarze. eko-fudi 100% qar-Tuli 

investiciebiTaa Seqmnili da mis menejmentsac qarTvelebi akontroleben. es biznesi SeiZleba 

faqtobrivad nulidan dawyebulad CaiTvalos. damfuZneblebma TavianTi saxsrebiT SeiZines 

firmis aRWurviloba da biznesi Zalian mcire masStabebiT daiwyes. dRes igi evropuli 

menejmentis mqone warmatebuli kompaniaa. kompania dResdReisobiT daaxloebiT 40 dasaxelebis 

produqts awarmoebs..sawarmos arsebobis manZilze ramde-njerme Seicvala misi struqtura. 

2006 wlis Tebervlis Tvidan èko-fudis~ savaWro niSnis mflobelia Sps `jorjian-eko~. 

Sps `jorjian-eko~-s mier moxda saerTaSriso standartebi ISO 22000:2005-isa da 

ISOO 9001:2000-is moTxovnebis Sesabmisad sursaTis uvneblobisa da xarisxis marTvis 

integrirebuli sistemis danergva da ganxorcieleba. 2007 wels kompania UKAS-is 

sertifikatebis mflobeli gaxda. 

51

dReisaTvis rZis produqtebis bazarze liderobs 2 kompania. esenia èko-fudi~ da 

`sante~. mimdinare Tvis monacemebiT, maTi procentuli wili bazarze Semdegnairad gamoiyureba: 

èko-fudi~-s uWiravs bazris 44% xolo `sante~-s 41%, xolo TbilisSi èkofudis~ 

wili bazarze 50%-a. amdenad, eko-fudi liderobs qarTuli rZis produqtebis 

bazarze. misma wliurma brunvam gasul wels wina welTan SedarebiT 20%-iT mo-imata. 

produqciis realizaciis procentuli maCvenebeli wlebis mixedviT yovelwliurad imatebs. 

rogorc mogaxseneT, kompania awarmoebs 40 dasaxelebis produqts. misi produqcia 

iyideba mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT. gansakuTrebuli aqtiurobiT gamoirCevian kaxeTi da 

qarTli. Tbilisze modis daaxloebiT 80% gayidvebis. produqcia eqsportze ar gadis, 

radgan produqtis vargisianobis vada daaxloebiT 5 dRea. da saerTod rZis produqtebis 

umetesoba gaTvlili ar aris didi xnis vargisianobaze, magaliTisTvis aviRoT iogurti an 

xaWo, romlebsac cocxali produqti ewodebaT rac imas niSnavs rom, misi realizaciis 

periodSi mis SemadgenlobaSi mimdinareobs biologiuri procesebi. ase rom is iogortebi, 

romlebic sxva qveynbidan Semodis, ar aris namdvili. èko-fudma~ ukve gamouSva pirveli 

qarTuli iogurti, romelic absoliturad naturalur receptzea damzadebuli. igi bazarze 

dekemberSi gamoCnda produqciis realizaciis, anu fuladi gardaqmnis cikli Zalian swrafia. 

sawarmos uwevs Tavisi produqciis ara umetes 3%-sa bazridan amoiRos vadagasulobis 

mizeziT, danarCeni 97% srulad iyideba. kompaniisTvis yvelaze rTul periodebSi, 

Semosavali maqsimum 30%-T iklebda. 

bolo wlebSi kompaniam naturaluri rZis xarjebis Semcirebis mizniT gaxsna 30-mde 

rZis Cambarebeli punqti, romelic saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSia ganTavsebuli. esenia: 

kaxeTi, Sida qarTli, qvemo qarTli, mcxeTa-TianeTi da sxva. procentuli maCvenebliT yvelaze 

meti rZe kaxeTSi bardeba, rac mTeli rZis daaxloebiT 80%-s Seadgens. Tumca naturaluri 

rZis raodenoba sezonebis mixedviT SezRudulia. igi sakmarisi odenobiT mxolod zafxulSi 

moipoveba aprilis bolodan oqtombris dasawyisamde. zamTarSi ki es maCvenebeli 90%_iT 

iklebs, Tu kompania zafxulSi dReSi 20 tona naturalur rZes ibarebda, zamTarSi es dReSi 

2 tonas ar aWarbebs. am periodSi misi Canacvleba importirebuli rZis fxvniliT xdeba. 

kompanias ar Semoaqvs rZis fxvnili, is mas sxva importiorebisgan yidulobs, radgan 

sawyobebisa da Senaxva-movlis xarjebi TiTqmis utoldeba im xarjebs, romlebsac kompania 

importiorebs uxdis. amdenad, sawarmoSi miRebuli rZis fxvnili pirdapir warmoebaSi midis. 

naturaluri rZis fasi sezonurad icvleba da is 50-80 TeTris farglebSi meryeobs. 

kompaniis menejerebis gancxadebiT naturaluri rZiT produqtis warmoeba SedarebiT Zviri 

jdeba gansakuqrebiT maSin, roca rZe Zvirdeba, magram es absoluturad ar moqmedebs 

produqciis fasebze an xarisxze. kompania meti danaxarjebis amogebas sezonurad axerxebs. 

Znelia zusti mizezis dasaxeleba, magram morxmareblis aqtiuri moxmareba piks TebervalSi 

aRwevs. am periodSi faqtobrivad 100%-ani gayidvaa. yvelaze gayidvadi mawonia, magram 

Semosavlis mxriv xaWos yvelaze meti mogeba moaqvs. 

rac Seexeba uSualod warmoebis process: 

`jorjian-eko~ Tanamedrove manqana-danadgarebiT aRWurvili kompaniaa, rac saSualebas 

iZleva nakleb droSi meti produqciis warmoebisa. es ki xels uwyobs momxmareblis didi 

moTxovnis dakmayofilebas. kompaniaSi menejmentianad dasaqmebulia 350-mde kaci. 

52

èko-fudi~ rZis produqtebis mwarmoebeli kompaniaa da cxadia misi produqtebis 

umetesoba rZisgan mzaddeba. rogorc ukve vTqviT, rZe sezonuradaa xelmisawvdomi, aqe-dan 

gamomdinare, kompania èko-fudi~ produqciis 90%-is dasamzadeblad, iseve rogorc sxva 

qarTuli rZis mwarmoebeli kompaniebi, rZis fxvnils iyenebs. azri imis Se-saxeb, rom 

produqcia pirdapir rZis fxvnilisgan mzaddeba mcdaria. rZis fxvnilisgan miiReben aRdgenil 

rZes, romelsac TiTqmis igive Tvisebebi aqvs rac naturalurs. rac Seexeba naturalur rZes, 

misi Semowmeba rZis Cambarebel punqtebSive xdeba laqto-skanerebiT. es aris mowyobiloba 

romelic amowmebs rZis xarisxs. Tu rZe uvargisia, anu im standartebs ar Seesabameba 

romelsac warmoeba moiTxovs, skaneri ar miiRebs. skaneridan vargisi rZe did macivarkonteinerSi 

gadaedineba, amdenad uaRresad mniSvnelovania rZis xarisxis zusti analizi raTa 

ramdenime litrma uvargisma rZem mTeli rZis maragi ar gaafuWos. 

`jorjian-eko~-s produqcia sxvadasxva kategoriis mixedviT iwarmoeba. 

de luqsi _ es aris SedarebiT ZviradRirebuli produqcia. misi fasi misive Tvisebebidan 

gamomdinarea, sxvebTan SedarebiT maRali. eqskluziv klasi saxelidan gamomdinare 

eqskluziurad warmoebuli produqciaa. xolo ekonom klasi es aris produqcia ekonomikuri 

SefuTviT, gansakuTrebiT xelsayrelia muSaobis pirobebSi, roca sadilisTvis Zalzed cota 

dro gaqvT. bolo dros èko-fudma~ gamouSva axali klasis produqcia, saxelad àxali eko~. 

es aris qvelmoqmedebis mizniT warmoebuli produqcia, romelic naklebi fasi Rirs. 

TiToeuli gayiduli produqtidan 2 TeTri iricxeba sapatriarqos angariSze. 

rac Seexeba nedleuls, rZis fxvnilis garda cximic sazRvargareTidanaa Semo-ta-nili, 

radgan qarTuli zeTiT damzadebuli maionezi nakleb xarisxiania. sxva danarCeni yvela 

nedleuli adgilobrivia. Tavdapirvelad prodiqtis SesafuTi masala kompanias TurqeTidan 

Camohqonda ukve mza mdgomareobaSi, magram dReisTvis kompanias SefuTvas sa-qarTveloSi 

arsebuli qarxana umzadebs. Tumca de luqsis klasis produqtis SefuTva ukrainidan Camodis, 

radgan marali xarisxisaa, romlis damzadebac adgilobriv qarxnebs jer ar SeuZliaT. 

axlo momavalSi eko-fudi axali gegmebis ganxorcielebas apirebs. kompaniis mesveurebis 

gancxadebiT ekonomikuri krizisi jerjerobiT aranairad ar aisaxeba arc fasebze da 

arc muSaxelis radenobaze. kompania cdilobs daabrunos saqarTveloSi erT dros ar-sebuli 

rZis moxmarebis tradicia da warmatebebi vusurvoT mas. 


1. T.Sengelia “biznesis administrirebis safuZvlebi” Tb.2008 

2. www.eco-food.ge 


53

sabanko riskebis marTvis srulyofis koncefcia 1 

qeTevan RuduSauri 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm. asist. prof. c. oqruaSvili 

dReisaTvis, saqarTveloSi sabanko saqmianoba erT-erTi aqtiuri da TvalsaCino 

biznesia. qarTulma bankebma daZlies ekonomikuri krizisis siZneleebi. 

Camoyalibda msxvili, ganviTarebuli bankebis rigi, romelTa saqmianoba srulad 

Seesabameba saerTaSoriso moTxovnebs. 

qarTuli bankebis moqmedebis areali, didi xania gascda qveynis sazRvrebs 

da ufro masStaburi gaxda. miuxedavad miRweuli warmatebisa, sasurvelia 

qarTuli bankebis xelmZRvanelobam gaiTvaliswinos ucxoeTis gamocdileba, 

raTa ufro gaZlierdes qarTuli sabanko sistema. bankebis zust kvalificiur 

moRvaweobazea damokidebuli umTavresad ekonomikis sijansaRe. swored 

komerciul safuZvelze moqmedi bankebis ganviTarebuli qselis gareSe mxolod 

keTil survilad rCeba miswrafeba realuri da efeqtiani sabazro meqanizmis 

Sesaqmnelad. 

komerciuli bankebi warmoadgenen safinanso sistemis centrebs, romlebic 

erTad Tavs uyrian mTavrobis, saqmiani wreebis da milionobiT kerZo pirebis 

anabrebs. komerciuli bankebi sasesxo da sainvesticio operaciebis meSveobiT 

gzas uxsnian TavianTi fondebisaken sxvadasxva msesxeblebs _ kerZo pirebs, 

kompaniebs, mTavrobas. 

sabanko operaciebi aioleben rogorc saqonlis da momsaxurebis moZraobas 

warmoebidan momxmareblamde, ise mTavrobis safinanso saqmianobas. 

komerciuli bankebis erovnulma sistemam mniSvnelovani roli unda 

Seasrulos qveynis ekonomikis funqcionirebaSi. 

komerciuli bankebis SesaZlebloba imuSaon unarianad da saxelmwifos 

saWiroebisa da ekonomikuri miznebis Sesabamisad mniSvnelovnad aris 

damokidebuli misi marTvis efeqtianobaze. 

yovelgvari saorganizacio saqmianoba unda iyos kvalificiuri. riski 

imdenad didia, rom, Tu gvinda, sabanko sistema iyos myari, mzardi, moqnili da 

imis unaris mqone, daakmayofilos sazogadoebis moTxovna, bankma Tavisi 

operaciebi saWiro sifrTxiliT unda ganaxorcielos. 

komerciuli banki miekuTvneba kerZo organizacias, romlis saqmianoba 

momgebiani unda iyos likvidobis da usafrTxoebis SemzRudvel pirobebSic. 

amasTan, bankis, rogorc qveynis fuladi masis didi nawilis maregulirebelis 

roli ekonomikis am sferos warmomadgenlebs did pasuxismgeblobas akisrebs 

sazogadoebis winaSe. 

1 moxseneba wakiTxul iqna q. doneckSi (ukraina), studentTa samecniero konferenciaze da daimsaxura 

saprzo adgili. 

54

sazogadoebas ar unda mieces sababi, eWvi Seitanos sabanko sistemis 

gadaxdisunarianobaSi, likvidobasa da simtkiceSi, xolo bankis meanabreebi 

darwmunebulni unda iyvnen bankis saimedoobaSi. 

bankis saxsrebis ganTavseba unda moxdes iseT aqtivebSi, romelic banks 

moutans sakmaris mogebas, vinaidan Tu sabanko saqmeSi Semosavali kapitalze 

ufro dabalia, vidre sxva dargebSi, kapitali gadadindeba sxva, ufro momgebian 

sferoSi. Zvel droSi iTvleboda, rom sabanko saqme warmoadgens ZiriTadad 

aqtivebisa da pasivebis sifrTxiliT marTvas. 

Tanamedrove pirobebSi sabanko saqme uzomod didi xarisxiT dakav- 

Sirebulia riskTan. amitom, axla bankebis winaSe dgas ZiriTadi sakiTxi, rogor 

aicdinon riski da amave dros miiRon sakmaod didi Semosavali meanabreebis 

saxsrebis dacvisa da gadarCenisaTvis da bankis Semdgomi saqmianobisaTvis. 

sabanko dawesebulebis riskis Sefaseba da marTva sabanko biznesis erT-er- 

Ti rTuli sakiTxia, vinaidan banki, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, sabazro meqanizmis 

yvelaze mtavari safinanso institutia, is aris kreditis ZiriTadi wyaro, 

gansakuTebiT patara sawarmoebisaTvis. 

rogorc erovnul, ise saerTaSoriso bazarze banki Tavis klientebs ufro 

met samomxmareblo kredits aZlevs, vidre nebismieri sxva safinanso dawesebuleba. 

qarTulma bankebma aqtiurad unda SesTavazon sawarmoebs grZelvadiani sesxebi 

axali danadgarebis da mowyobilobebis SesaZenad. 

bankis depozitebi unda gaxdes ekonomikis ganviTarebis mTavari wyaro da 

ZiriTadi instrumenti. yovelive aRniSnulis gamo didi mniSvneloba eniWeba 

bankis riskebis regulirebas da marTvas. 

bankis mTavari funqcia mdgomareobs mis mzadyofnaSi, gasces mcire riskiani 

sesxi msesxebelze da gamouSvas, aseve mcire riskiani fasiani qaRaldebi 

investorebisaTvis. arsebiTad, banki finansuri bazris saSualebiT monawileobs 

riskian gasesxebasa da dakreditebaSi. 

banki akmayofilebs, agreTve, mravali klientis moTxovnilebas likvidur 

saxsrebze. aqedan gamomdinare, qarTuli bankebis zrdis erT-erTi mizezi unda 

gaxdes informaciis Sefasebis maRali unari. banki flobs codnas da gamocdilebas, 

romelic saSualebas aZlevs safinanso instrumentebidan SearCios is, 

romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebeli iqneba riskis da Semosavlianobis donis sasurveli 

Tanafardoba. 

ufro metic, bankis unarma, Sekribos da gaanalizos safinanso informacia, 

Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi bankis arsebobis mizezebis kidev erTi axsna 

warmoSva _ regulirebuli monitoriumis Teoria. 

TiTqmis yvela msesxebeli da meanabre Tvlis, saidumlod Seinaxos Tavisi 

safinanso angariSgeba, emijneba ra bazarze konkurentebsa da `mezoblebs~. 

regulirebuli monitoriumis Teoria amtkicebs, rom banks SeuZlia moizidos 

msesxeblebi, ramdenadac sesxs gascems giraos qveS konfidenciur safuZvelze, 

bankis meanabreebsac ki ar aZlevs msesxeblebis safinanso angariSebis 

gacnobis saSualebas. 

55

piriqiT, gamodis, rom meanabreebi garigebas deben bankTan, rogorc saimedo 

kontroliorTan, raTa man gaanalixos perspeqtiuli msesxeblis safinanso mdgomareoba 

da moawyos mimRebi klientebis monitoriumi, imisaTvis, rom meanabreebs 

daubrundes saxsrebi. 

Bbankis monitoriuli momsaxurebis sazRaurad meanabreebi banks uxdian gansazRvrul 

Tanxas, romelic SeiZleba imaze naklebia, rac daexarjebodaT maT, 

Tu msesxeblebs TviTon gaakontrolebdnen. 

mravalricxovani kreditebis gacemiT, banks, rogorc saimedo kontroliors, 

SeuZlia daajgufos da Seamciros riski, rac ganapirobebs depozitebis maRal 

usafrTxoebas. garda amisa, bankis mxardaWeriT, klients uadvildeba da iafad 

iRebs sesxs. 

bolos, rodesac banki depozitebis nawils iyenebs kreditis dasafinanseblad, 

TviT es faqti aris safinanso bazrisaTvis signali, laparakobs ra, rom 

msesxebeli imsaxurebs ndobas da daabrunebs miRebul sesxs. 

bankis TanamSromlebma unda miiRon gadawyvetileba, Tu rodis gascen 

krediti, rogor gaaumjobeson bankis likvidoba, rogor SearCion aqtivebi bankis 

investiciebisaTvis, rogor gayidon depozitebi, moizidon Tanxebi da rogor 

SeinarCunon kapitalis saTanado done. 

bankis es amocanebi praqtikulad mWidro kavSirSia erTmaneTTan. magaliTad, 

aqceptirebuli gadawyvetileba klientebis gazrdili moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebaze 

damokidebulia bankis SesaZleblobaze, gazardos depozituri da 

aradepozituri fondebi. 

Kreditebis gacemasTan dakavSirebuli riski unda gaanalizdes bankis 

kapitalTan SefardebiT, rac SesaZleblobas miscems maT Tavisi aqcionerebi da 

mepaieebi daicvas kreditis daubruneblobasTan dakavSirebuli danakargebisagan. 

dReisaTvis, banki Tavisi aqtivebis da pasivebis portfels unda ganixilavdes 

rogorc erT mTlianobas, romelic gansazRvravs bankis erTobliv 

portfels, romelic saWiroa saerTo miznebis, maRali mogebisa da riskis 

minimumamde Semcirebis misaRwevad. 

aqtivebis da pasivebis gaerTianebuli marTva SesaZleblobas miscems banks 

daicvas depozitebi da sesxebi. agreTve, banks SesaZlebloba eZleva Camoayalibos 

aqtivebis portfeli, rac xels Seuwyobs dasaxuli miznis realizacias. 

bankis aqtivebis da pasivebis marTvis logikuri Sinaarsi mdgomareobs strategiis 

formirebasa da iseTi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebaSi, romelic bankis 

balansis struqturas mis strategiul programasTan SesabamisobaSi moiyvans. 

Cveulebrivad aqtivebis da pasivebis marTvis mizani unda iyos bankis marJis 

stabilizacia, riskis dasaSvebi donis pirobebSi. 

didi mniSvneloba eniWeba aqtiv-pasivis da sakuTari saxsrebis marTvaSi 

integrirebul midgomas, romlis amocanaa aqtivebTan da pasivebTan dakavSirebuli 

gadawyvetilebebis koordinacia TiToeuli bankis SigniT, dasaxuli miznis 

misaRwevad. 

tradiciuli midgoma, rom bankis mTeli mogeba miiReba sesxebidan da investiciebidan, 

gzas uTmobs im azrs, rom banki yidis safinanso momsaxurebis mTel 

pakets, es iqneba kreditebi, saSemnaxvelo Tu sxva saxis momsaxureba da 

56

TiToeulis fasma unda dafaros sesxis miwodebasTan dakavSirebuli bankis danaxarjebi. 

balansis pasivebis marTvis safuZvelze miRebul mogebas SeuZlia banks 

daexmaros miznis miRwevaSi, vinaidan sabanko kapitalis Rirebuleba damokidebulia 

ara marto Semosavlianobaze, aramed riskis donezec. 

amitom, riskis marTva warmoadgens metad mniSvnelovan amocanas. am aTwleulis 

sabanko seqtorSi xSirad `riskis marTvis eras~ uwodeben. 

riskis yvela saxeobas Soris, romelTanac banks aqvs urTierToba, ar moi- 

Zebneba sxva, romlis analizsa da kontrols eTmoba imdeni dro, rogorc saprocento 

ganakveTebis risks, vinaidan saprocento ganakveTebis moculobis zrdam 

SeiZleba negatiuri zegavlena iqonios Semosavalze da sabanko aqtivebis, pasivebisa 

kapitalis Rirebulebaze. 

qarTuli bankebis xelmZRvanelobam unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom bazarze saprocento 

ganakveTis cvlilebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios bankis mogebis Semcireba, 

danaxarjebis zrda, aqtivebis Semosavlebis Semcireba, rac Seamcirebs aqcionerebis 

investiciebis Rirebulebas. 

amitom, bankis menejerebma yuradReba unda gaamaxvilon portfelis Semadgenel 

im nawilebze, romlebic gansakuTrebiT mgrZnobiarea saprocento ganakveTis 

cvlilebis mimarT, Cveulebriv portfelis aqtiur nawilSi aseTia: kreditebi da 

investiciebi fasian qaRaldebSi, xolo pasivebis farglebSi esaa depozitebi da 

sesxebi fulad bazarze. 

imisaTvis, rom daicvas bankis mogeba sainvesticio ganakveTebis cvlilebis 

negatiuri zegavlenisagan, misi xelmZRvaneloba unda cdilobdes fiqsirebul 

doneze SinarCunos wminda saprocento marJa, romelic Semdegnairad gamoiangariSeba: 

wsm 

saprocento danaxarjebi _ saprocento danaxarjebi depozitebze 

kreditze da investiciebze da nasesxeb saSualebebze 

= 

momgebiani aqtivebis Rirebuleba 

wminda saprocento Semosavali 

= 

momgebiani aqtivebis Rirebuleba 

sabanko dawesebulebebis riskis Sefaseba da marTva aris sabanko biznesis 

erT-erTi rTuli sakiTxi, vinaidan is dakavSirebulia mraval faqtorTan. Tu 

bankis menejeri SesZlebs maqsimalurad zustad gansazRvros riskis moculoba, 

es niSnavs, rom bankis Semdgomi warmatebuli saqmianoba garantirebulia. 

sasurvelia qarTuli bankebis xelmZRvanelobam yuradReba gaamaxvilos 

riskebis marTvasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. 

57

Cvens mier gaanalizebuli iqna saqarTvelos komerciuli bankebis 

efeqtianobis maCveneblebi retrospeqtivaSi. 1998 wlidan SeimCneva pozitiuri 

dinamika, Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom 2000 wels kvlav negatiuri tendencia 

aRiniSna. 1999 weli ki yvelaze efeqtiani iyo, rogorc wina periodTan, ise 

Semdgom wlebTan SedarebiT. aRniSnul wels efeqtianobis maCvenebeli, gaangariSebuli 

mogebis SefardebiT aqtivebTan _ ROA 2,2%, xolo gaangariSebuli 

mogebis SefardebiT kapitalTan _ ROE 6,4%, rac aRemateboda 1995 wels, 

Sesabamisad, 15 da 2,5%-iT, xolo 2001 wels 0,6% da 1,2%-iT. 2008 wlis 1 ianvris 

mdgomareobiT ROA Seadgenda 1,9%, xolo ROE _ 9,6%. 2009 wlis 1 ianvris 

mdgomareobiT ROA Seadgens 0,1%, xolo ROE _ 0,6%, rac bevrad naklebia, 

rogorc wina wlis, ise wina periodis maCveneblebTan SedarebiT (ix. cxrili 1). 

cxrili 1. saqarTvelos komerciuli bankebis saqmianobis efeqtianobis 

dinamika 1995-2008 wlebSi procentebSi 1 

wlebis dasaxeleba 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2007 2008 

efeqtianobis 

koeficienti 

mogeba/aqtivebi 

-+2.5 - 1.4 - 1.2 1.2 2.2 - 1.2 1.6 1.9 0.1 

ROA 

efeqtianobis 

koeficienti 

mogeba/kapitali 

ROE 

15.1 -5.4 - 4.1 -3.9 6.4 -4.0 5.2 9.6 0.6 

cxrilSi mocemuli maCveneblebi adasturebs, rom qarTuli komerciuli 

bankebis garkveuli nawilis xelmZRvaneloba ise ver marTavs sabanko riskebs, 

rom, erTis mxriv, ar Semcirdes momgebianoba da, meore mxriv, SenarCunebul 

iqnas likvidobis saTanado done. 

moxsenebiT davikave pirveli adgili doneckis ekonomikis da vaWrobis 

saxelmwifo institutSi Catarebul ukrainis sauniversitetSoririso 

konferenciaze 2009 wlis 7 Tebervals. 

1 efeqtianobis maCveneblebi gaTvlilia saqarTvelos sabanko seqtoris krebsiTi 

aqtivebisa da pasivebis safuZvelze 

58

inflaciis TargeTireba saqarTveloSi 1 

givi melqaZe 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: ek. akad. doqt. g. xasia 

inflaciis TargeTireba (Inflation Targeting) monetaruli politikis SedarebiT axali 

reJimia da misi popularoba TandaTan izrdeba. Tavdapirvelad igi 1991 wels danerga axalma 

zelandiam, da male mas sxva industriuli qveynebic SeuerTdnen, maT Soris, kanada, didi 

britaneTi, fineTi, SevedeTi, avstralia da espaneTi (qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT). mTavari 

mizezi, ris gamoc am qveynebma monetaruli politikis alternatiul reJimad inflaciis 

TargeTireba airCies, iyo ukanaskneli 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi fuladi masis TargeTirebisa da 

inflaciasTan brZolis warumatebeli gamocdileba. 

industriuli qveynebis mier inflaciis TargeTirebis warmatebiT danergvam sxva 

qveynebsac misca am reJimis SemoRebis stimuli. XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi gacvliTi kursis 

reJimis kraxma laTinuri amerikisa da aRmosavleTi aziis qveynebs alternatiuli nominaluri 

Ruzis Ziebisken ubiZga da sabolood maTma umravlesobam arCevani swored inflaciis 

TargeTirebaze SeaCera. Tanamedrove etapze inflaciis TargeTirebas 20-ze meti qveynis 

centraluri banki axorcielebs _ Soris 13 ganviTarebadi da gardamavali ekonomikis qveyanaa, 

romelTa ricxvSia Cile, argentina, poloneTi, CexeTi, samxreTi afrika, TurqeTi, somxeTi da 

sxv. aRsaniSnavia, rom yvela maTgani avlens inflaciis sakmaod dabal da stabilur dones 

ekonomikuri zrdis SesamCnevi tempebis TanxlebiT. 

mimdinare wlis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos erovnulma bankma sruliad garkveviT gamoTqva 

survili inflaciis TargeTirebis SemoRebasTan dakavSirebiT. winamdebare statiaSi 

mimoxilulia inflaciis TargeTirebis efeqtianad danergvisaTvis aucilebeli winapirobebi da 

Sefasebulia, Tu ramdenad akmayofilebs saqarTvelo am winapirobebs ekonomikuri ganviTarebis 

arsebul etapze. 

inflaciis TargeTirebis Sinaarsi Teoriulad ar aris rTuli: centraluri banki akeTebs 

mosalodneli inflaciis prognozs; prognozi edareba inflaciis miznobriv maCvenebels 

(inflaciis dones, romelsac centaluri banki miiCnevs ekonomikisaTvis xelsayrelad); 

gansxvaveba saprognozo da samizne maCvenebels Soris gansazRvravs monetaruli politikis 

koreqtirebis xasiaTs, kerZod, Tu inflaciis prognozi aRemateba samizne maCvenebels, xdeba 

monetaruli politikis gamkacreba, xolo Tu piriqiT, maSin centraluri banki arbilebs 

politikas. 

imisaTvis rom qveyanam SeZlos monetaruli politikis warmarTva inflaciis 

TargeTirebis Sesabamisad, saWiroa ori ZiriTadi winapirobis dakmayofileba: (1) centraluri 

bankis damoukidebloba; (2) centraluri bankis mandatis mkafiod gansazRvra fasebis 

stabilurobis, rogorc monetaruli politikis upirvelesi miznis, miRwevis saxiT. pirveli 

winapiroba gulisxmobs centraluri bankis damoukideblobas monetaruli politikis 

warmarTvaSi, anu damoukideblobas instrumentebis doneze, rac gansxvavdeba miznis doneze 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna `makroekonomikis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze sadac daimsaxura 

saprizo adgili, xolo studentTa sauniversiteto 69-e konferenciaze I adgili. 

59

damoukideblobisagan. rodesac monetaruli politikis mizani gansazRvrulia centraluri 

bankis an mTavrobis mier an erToblivad, centralur banks unda gaaCndes sruli Tavisufleba 

politikis instrumentebis SerCevasa da gamoyenebaSi dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad. imisaTvis 

rom es winapiroba dakmayofildes, monetaruli politika ar unda ganicdides fiskalur 

zewolas, anu centraluri bankis mier mTavrobisaTvis gasacemi sesxis moculoba unda iyos 

mkacrad SezRuduli an, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, nulis toli. 

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis Sesaxeb organuli kanonis me-3 muxlis mixedviT 

èrovnuli banki damoukidebelia Tavis saqmianobaSi~. amasTan, imave kanonis Sesabamisad 

erovnuli banki saqarTvelos parlaments dasamtkiceblad warudgens momavali wlis fuladsakredito 

da savaluto politikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis proeqts, romelSic erovnuli 

banki sruliad avtonomiurad (damoukideblad) adgens inflaciis miznobriv maCvenebels 

momavali wlisTvis da gansazRvravs monetaruli politikis im ZiriTad instrumentebs, 

romlebsac gamoiyenebs miznobrivi inflaciis miRwevisaTvis. es niSnavs imas, rom erovnul 

banks gaaCnia sruli damoukidebloba instrumentebis doneze. 

miuxedavad iuridiuli damoukideblobisa, erovnuli banki 2006 wlamde mTavrobis 

pirdapiri dafinansebis wyarod gvevlineboda; organuli kanonis 57-e muxlis mixedviT 

gansazRvruli iyo sesxis limitirebuli moculoba, romlis gacemac erovnul banks 

saxelmwifo dawesebulebebze SeeZlo, Tumca imave muxlis me-6 punqtis Sesabamisad erovnul 

banks, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, limitis moxsnis ufleba hqonda. 2006 wlis maisSi ki moxda 

kanonis 57-e muxlis modificireba da erovnul banks mTavrobisaTvis finansuri daxmarebis 

gaweva aekrZala. 1 ase rom, inflaciis TargeTirebis pirveli winapiroba saqarTvelos konteqstSi 

srulad aris dakmayofilebuli. 

inflaciis TargeTirebis SemoRebisaTvis aucilebeli meore winapiroba gulisxmobs, rom 

fasebis stabiluroba unda warmoadgendes monetaruli politikis upirveles mizans da 

centralur banks institucionalurad unda evalebodes fasebis stabilurobis uzrunvelyofa. 

aRniSnuli gamoricxavs imavdroulad sxva nebismieri cvladis (nominaluri gacvliTi 

kursis an dasaqmebis donis) TargeTirebas. es ganpirobebulia imiT, rom moklevadian periodSi, 

rogorc viciT, inflaciasa da umuSevrobas Soris alternativa arsebobs, Sesabamisad, 

rTulia orive maTganis sasurvel doneze SenarCuneba. xolo nominaluri gacvliTi kursis 

TargeTi, kapitalis mobilurobis pirobebSi, adre Tu gvian konfliqtSi modis fasebis 

stabilurobasTan. 

inflaciis TargeTirebis meore winapirobis dakmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT 2008 wlis 18 

marts erovnuli bankis Sesaxeb organul kanonSi mniSvnelovani cvlileba Sevida. kerZod, 

cvlilebis Setanamde kanonis me-2 muxlis mixedviT erovnuli bankis ZiriTadi amocana iyo 

èrovnuli fulis msyidvelobiTi unaris, fasebis stabilurobis miRweva da SenarCuneba~, rac 

inflaciis TargeTirebis reJimis pirobebSi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, SeuTavsebadi miznebia. 

potenciuri konfliqtis Tavidan acilebisa da aseve, sazogadoebisaTvis sruliad garkveuli 

signalis miwodebis mizniT imis Sesaxeb, rom aseTi konfliqtis warmoSobis SemTxvevaSi 

prioriteti fasebis stabilurobis SenarCunebas mieniWeba, 18 marts kanonSi Setanili 

1 ix. erovnuli bankis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos organuli kanonis 57-e da 65-e muxlebi 

60

cvlilebis Sedegad ganisazRvra, rom èrovnuli bankis ZiriTadi amocanaa fasebis 

stabilurobis miRweva~. es ki srulad Seesabameba inflaciis TargeTirebis meore winapirobas. 

winapirobebis dakmayofilebis SeTxvevaSi, qveyanas, romelsac surs inflaciis TargeTirebis 

danergva, moeTxoveba monetaruli politikis sakuTari strategiis inflaciis TargeTirebis 

strategiasTan miaxloeba, romelic, Tavis mxriv, moicavs: saSualovadiania inflaciis 

samizne maCveneblis (TargeTis) sazogadoebisaTvis gacxadebas; informaciis momcvel 

strategias politikis gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas; monetaruli politikis gazrdil 

gamWvirvalobasa da centraluri bankis angariSvaldebulebas inflaciis TargeTis miRwevaSi. 

inflaciis TargeTirebis ZiriTadi elementebia: 1. inflaciis TargeTis 

sazogadoebisaTvis gacxadeba. saqarTvelos erovnuli banki 2009 wlamde fulad sakredito 

da savaluto politikis ZiriTad mimarTulebebSi aqveynebda inflaciis saprognozo 

maCvenebels, romelic safuZvlad edeboda monetaruli politikis warmarTvas. TavisTavad, 

inflaciis prognozi ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos inflaciis TargeTad. 2009 wlis ZiriTad 

mimarTulebebSi ki ukve calsaxad ganisazRvra saSualowliuri inflaciis miznobrivi 

maCvenebeli, anu TargeTi, 9%-is odenobiT, xolo dasaSvebi gadaxris sazRvrebi organuli 

kanonis mixedviT ± 2%-ia. inflaciis iseTi samizne donis SerCeva, romelic ekonomikisaTvis 

xelsayreli iqneba, ar aris rTuli. empiriuli kvlevebis Sedegebi xazs usvams saSualo da 

maRali inflaciis danaxarjebs. magaliTad, m. xanisa da a. senhajis SefasebebiT 1 inflaciis 

zRvruli done, romlis zemoTac inflacia mniSvnelovnad amcirebs ekonomikur zrdas, 

Seadgens 1-3%-s industriuli qveynebisaTvis, xolo 11-12%-s – ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis. 

2. mravali cvladis gamoyeneba politikis gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas (inflaciis 

prognozirebis modeli). imis gamo, rom inflaciis done iseTi samizne obieqtia, romlis 

kontroli centralur banks pirdapir ar SeuZlia, saWiro xdeba ara erT-erTi parametris 

(mag. fuladi masis an gacvliTi kursis) kontroli, aramed yvela im makroekonomikuri 

cvladis Tvalyuris devneba, romelmac SesaZloa gavlena iqonios inflacize, esenia: 

importisa da eqsportis fasebi, mwarmoebelTa fasebi da xelfasebis done, saprocento 

ganakveTebi, saxelmwifo xarjebi da sxv. aRniSnuli, Tavis mxriv, moiTxovs inflaciis 

prognozirebis models, sadac aseTi cvladebi iqneba CarTuli. saqarTvelos erovnul banks 

SemuSavebuli aqvs inflaciis prognozirebis modeli, romlis meSveobiTac keTdeba 

mosalodneli inflaciis prognozi 6-9 Tviani horizontiT. gamomdinare iqidan, rom 

inflaciis TargeTirebisas monetaruli politikis poziciis cvlileba unda moxdes winaswar, 

sanam inflaciuri wnexebi intensiuri gaxdeba da inflaciis done zrdas daiwyebs, politikis 

warma- rTvaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba inflaciis prognozs. l. svensoni 2 miiCnevs, 

rom inflaciis TargeTi metad gamosadegia Sualeduri orientiris rolSi, vinaidan igi aris 

inflaciis donesTan mWidrod korelirebuli, gakontrolebadi, advilad dakvirvebadi da 

gamWvirvale (igulisxmeba, rom prognozi qveyndeba). 

1 Khan, M. S., and A. S. Senhadji, 2001, “Threshold Effects in the Relationship Between Infation and Growth” 

IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 1–21. 

2 Svensson, L. E. O., 1996, “Inflation Forecast Targeting: Implementing and Monitoring Inflation Targets,” NBER 

Working Paper no. 5797 

61

3. centraluri bankis saqmianobis gamWvirvaleba da gazrdili angariSvaldebuleba. inflaciuri 

TargeTirebis reJimis erT-erT upiratesoba is aris, rom igi uzrunvelyofs nominalur 

Ruzas inflaciis TargeTis saxiT, anu cvlads, romelze dayrdnobiTac ekonomikuri subieqtebi 

iReben gadawyvetilebebs da sazogadoebaSi xdeba inflaciuri molodinebis formireba. 

imisaTvis rom TargeTma nominaluri Ruzis funqcia efeqtianad Seasrulos, saWiroa 

sazogadoebasTan aqtiuri komunikacia da misi wevrebis informireba centraluri bankis miznebisa 

da gegmebis Sesaxeb. centraluri bankisadmi sazogadoebis ndobis amaRlebis TvalsazrisiT 

mniSvnelovania agreTve centraluri bankis mkacri angariSvaldebuleba dasaxuli 

miznis miRwevaSi. 

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis yoveldRiuri saqmianoba sruliad gamWvirvalea, mis vebsaitze 

pres-relizis saxiT regularulad qveyndeba siaxleebi, maT Soris, monetaruli 

komitetis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi, aseve monetaruli politikis poziciis amsaxveli 

sxva informaciac. garda amisa, saqarTvelos erovnuli banki amzadebs da aqveynebs kvleviT 

gamocemebs, maT Soris inflaciis kvartalur angariSs, sadac mimoxilulia inflaciaze 

moqmedi faqtorebis da wnexebis ukanaskneli tendenciebi. mimoxilva aseve moicavs inflaciis 

prognozs. 

erovnuli banki angariSvaldebulia saqarTvelos parlamentis winaSe. bankis prezidenti 

waradgens wliur angariSs, sadac Sefasebulia erovnuli bankis ukanaskneli periodis 

saqmianobis efeqtianoba dasaxuli miznebis miRwevis mixedviT. erovnuli bankis 

angariSvaldebulebis gazrdis mizniT 2008 wlis martSi organuli kanoniT ganisazRvra, rom, 

“Tu saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujeti proficitulia, nebismieri 4 mimdevrobiTi kvartlis 

ganmavlobaSi faqtobrivi inflaciis miznobrivi maCveneblidan 2 procentul punqtze metad 

gadaxris Sem- TxvevaSi parlaments ufleba aqvs daayenos bankis prezidentis Tanamdebobidan 

gaTavisuflebis sakiTxi”. 4 

rogorc Sefasebidan gairkva, saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis strategia Seesabameba 

inflaciis TargeTirebis CarCos, Tumca aRniSnuli reJimis efeqtianad warmarTvisaTvis es ar 

aris sakmarisi. imisaTvis rom inflaciis TargeTirebam srulfasovnad imuSaos, saWiroa 

monetaruli gadacemis saimedo meqanizmis arseboba, rac, Tavis mxriv, moiTxovs sakmarisad 

Rrma finansur bazrebs. am mxriv ki saqarTvelos ekonomikas seriozuli problemebi gaaCnia, 

kerZod, ekonomikis monetizaciisa da finansuri Suamavlobis dabali donis gamo saprocento 

ganakveTisa da kreditis arxis mniSvneloba Semcirebulia. miuxedavad zrdis tendenciisa, 

saqarTvelos ekonomikis monetizaciis xarisxi mainc dabalia - 22% (ix. diagrama 1), garda 

amisa, dolarizaciis maRali xarisxis gamo, romelic 75%-s Seadgens, msesxeblebi naklebad 

mgrZnobiareni arian erovnuli valutis saprocento ganakveTis cvlilebebis mimarT, rac 

saprocento ganakveTi arxis muSaobas kidev ufro aferxebs. 

kreditis arxis mniSvneloba Semcirebulia saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi kreditis mcire 

rolis gamo. gacvliTi kursis arxs ki saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba 

eniWeba, rac gamowveulia imiT, rom samomxmareblo kalaTaSi importirebul saqonelze didi 

wili modis. gacvliTi kursis cvlileba mniSvnelovnad aisaxeba samomxmareblo kalaTis 

4 ix. erovnuli bankis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos organuli kanonis 63-e muxli. 

62

Rirebulebasa da, Sesabamisad, fasebis doneze qveyanaSi. gacvliTi kursis mniSvnelobas 

aZlierebs dolarizaciis maRali maCvenebelic. 

a. monetizaciis maCveneblebi b. dolarizaciis maCvenebeli 

M3/GDP M2/GDP 

% 

depozitebis dolarizaciis koeficienti 

% 

25,00 

100,00 

90,00 

20,00 

80,00 

70,00 

15,00 

60,00 

50,00 

10,00 

40,00 

30,00 

5,00 

20,00 

10,00 

0,00 

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

0,00 

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

diagrama 1. saqarTvelos ekonomikis monetizacia da dolarizacia 1 

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT saqarTvelos erovnuli 

bankis strategiisa da rigi institucionaluri sakiTxebis srul Sesabamisobas inflaciis 

TargeTirebis CarCosTan, aseve monetizaciisa da finansuri Suamavlobis koeficientebis 

zrdis aSkara dinamikas, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom saSualovadian periodSi sruliad 

mizanSewonili iqneba srulfasovani inflaciis TargeTirebis SemoReba. 


saqarTvelos organuli kanoni saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis Sesaxeb. 

saqarTvelos erovnuli banki – monetaruli da sabanko statistikis biuleteni 

(sxvadasxva wlis). 

Carare, A., A. Schaechter, and M. Stone, 2002, “Establishing Initial Conditions in Support of 

Inflation Targeting,” IMF Working Paper No. 02/102. 

Dabla-Norris, E., D. Kim, M. Zermeño, A. Billmeier, and V. Kramarenko, 2007, “Modalities 

of Moving to Inflation Targeting in Armenia and Georgia,” IMF Working Paper No. 

Debelle, G., 1997, “Inflation Targeting in Practice,” IMF Working Paper No. 97/35 

(Washington: International Monetary Fund). 

Khan, M., 2003, “Current Issues in the Design and Conduct of Monetary Policy,” IMF 

Working Paper No. 03/56 (Washington: International Monetary Fund). 

Khan, M. S., and A. S. Senhadji, 2001, “Threshold Effects in the Relationship Between 

Inflation and Growth,” IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 1–21. 

Masson, P. R., M. A. Savastano, and S. Sharma, 1997, “The Scope for Inflation Targeting in 

Developing Countries,” IMF Working Paper No. 97/130. 

Mishkin, F., 2000, “Inflation Targeting in Emerging-Market Countries,” American Economic 

Review, Vol. 90(2), pages 105-109. 

Mishkin, Frederic S. "International Experiences with Different Monetary Policy Regimes." 

Journal of Monetary Economics, June 1999, 43(3), pp. 579- 606. 

Samkharadze B., “Monetary Transmission Mechanism in Georgia: Analizing Pass-Through 

of Different Channels”,” NBG Working Paper. 

Svensson, L. E. O., 1996, “Inflation Forecast Targeting: Implementing and Monitoring 

Inflation Targets,” NBER Working Paper no. 5797 

1 wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki – “monetaruli da sabanko statistikis biuleteni”, 2000-2008 

ww. 

63

msoflio finansuri krizisi da saqarTvelo 1 

salome jaSi 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: asist. prof. n. kakulia 

dRes msoflios yuradRebis centrSia msoflio finansuri krizisi da amiT 

gamowveuli negatiuri mxareebi. gansakuTrebuli aqcenti aSS_zea gadatanili, 

vinaidan swored am qveynidan aRmocenda msoflio finansuri krizisi. 

Tanamedrove mecnierebSi am krizisma msoflio sabanko da safinanso krizisis 

saxelwodeba miiRo, romlis dasawyisadac 2007 wlis zafxuli (ZiriTadad 

ivlisis Tve) miiCneva, Tumca krizisis gamomwvevi mizezebi ufro adreul 

periodebs moicavs. 2007 wlis zafxulSi msoflios wamyvanma finansurma 

indeqsebma (Dow Jones, NASDAQ, DAX, S&P500, NIKKEI da sxva) daiwyes naxtomiseburi 

vardna. viTareba gaarTula imanac, rom sabanko dawesebulebebi xSir SemTxvevaSi 

Tanamonawileobis gareSe, dabali procentiT gascemdnen kreditebs uZravi 

qonebis SesaZenad. ipoTekur bazarze dawyebul kriziss uprecendentod maRali 

navTobis fasebic daemata, romelmac 2008 wlis ivlisis dasawyisSi barelze 140 

aSS dolari da metic Seadgina. eqspertTa nawili msoflio finansuri krizisis 

gamomwvev meore mizezad ipoTekur krizisTan erTad navTobis xelovnurad 

maRal fasebsac miiCnevs. 

amerikeli eqspertebis mosazrebebs garkveulwilad eTanxmeba da ixilavs 

qarTuli ekonomikis damoukidebeli eqsperti lado papava, romelic amerikeli 

eqspertebisgan gansxvavebiT ar erideba aSS-s mTavrobis dadanaSaulebas. kerZod 

igi acxadebs, rom buSis administraciis sagareo politika sakmaod did 

aramwarmoeblur danaxarjebTan iyo dakavSirebuli. eraysa da avRaneTSi 

mimdinare samxedro operaciebs mohyva aramwarmoebluri xarjebis zrda, ramac 

daamaxinja aSS-s ekonomikis struqtura da saboloo jamSi didi ziani miayena 

ekonomikas. 

ukan daubrunebelma ipoTekurma sesxebma gakotrebis winaSe daayenes 

finansuri institutebi da bankebi. rogorc viciT, finansuri korporaciebi 

erTmaneTis fasian qaRaldebs floben da amitom erT bazarze dawyebuli 

krizisi jaWvuri reaqciiT gadaecema meore qveynis ekonomikas, ris gamoc 

finansuri krizisi mTel msoflios moedo. amasTan gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom 

amerikuli dolari rogorc msoflio valuta krizisis gavrcelebis saSualebad 

iqca, ramac es ,,virusi” evropasa da aziasac mosdo. 

rogorc ,,sinerji analitksis” kvlevebi adasturebs ipoTekuri krizisi 

gadaedo uZravi qonebis bazars da 2007 wels ar darCenila arc erTi dasavluri 

msxvili banki, romelic ar dazaralebuliyo krizisis gamo. iyvnen iseTebic, 

romlebic centraluri bankis Carevis Sedegad gadaurCnen gakotrebas. msoflios 

wamyvani qveynebis centraluri bankebis didi mcdeloba iyo, krizisi CarCoebSi 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna `makroekonomikis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze da daimsaxura 

saprizo adgili. 

64

moeqciaT, Tumca es ver SeZles da krizisi mTeli ZaliT daatyda Tavs 

msoflios. 2008 wlis seqtemberSi erT-erTi umsxvilesi amerikuli sainvesticio 

bankis leman brazersis (Lehman Brothers) defoltma finansur bazrebze panika 

gamoiwvia ramac ufro gaaRrmava msoflio krizisi. 

ekonomikis sferos mecnierebi da mkvlevarebi krizisis dawyebas Semdeg 

faqtorebs ukavSireben: 

· - ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saerTo cikluroba; 

· - maRali fasebi nedleulze (m.S. navTobze); 

· - safondo birJebis gadaxureba; 

· - sakredito bazris gadaxureba da mis Sedegad warmoqmnili ipoTekuri 

krizisi aSS_Si; 

· - praqtikaSi axali, gamoucdeli finansuri meTodebisa da instrumentebis 

gamoyeneba, rogorebicaa sakredito defolturi svopebi (credit default swap) da sxva. 

sazogadod, finansuri krizisi msofliosaTvis ucxo movlenas ar 

warmoadgens. didi depresia, globaluri krizisi, romelic 1929 wels amerikaSi 

ganviTarda, aT welze metxans grZeldeboda, TiTqmis mTeli msoflio moicva. 

ukanaskneli saukunis ganmavlobaSi ganviTarebul mniSvnelovan movlenaTa 

ricxvs miekuTvneba 1973 da 1979 wlis navTobis krizisi aSS-Si, 1994 wlis meqsikis 

ekonomikuri krizisi, 1997 wlis aziis finansuri krizisi, 1998 wlis ruseTis 

finansuri krizisi, romelmac qveyana defoltamde miiyvana. 

mimdinare krizisi bolo 100 wlis ganmavlobaSi erT-erTi yvelaze Zlieri 

da masStaburia. igi mniSvnelovan problemebs uqmnis globalur finansur sistemas. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom yvela krizisi unikaluria, wlebis manZilze dagrovili 

codna da gamocdileba iZleva imis imeds, rom krizisi warsuls male 

Cabardeba. gasaTvaliswinebelia aSS-s senatis mier finansuri sistemis daxmarebisaTvis 

damtkicebuli 700 miliard dolariani paketic, romelic gasaWirSi 

myof finansur institutebs krizisidan gamosvlaSi daexmareba. am Tanxis 

gamoyofa aucilebeli iyo, radgan is aris garanti rom finansuri bazari ar 

daiSleba da aSS-s mTavroba mas gverdiT daudgeba. es ar aris wminda amerikuli 

problema, aramed es praqtikulad aris magniti mTeli msoflios safinanso 

bazrebisac. es pozitiuri tendencia amerikis safinanso bazrebze mTel msoflioSi 

dadebiTad aisaxeba. Tumca Znelia imis gansazRvra, ramdeni Tanxaa saWiro am 

krizisis dasaZlevad. es Tanxa ar iqneba gamoyofili erT tranSad, aramed daiyofa 

nawilebad. swored etapobrivad xarjvis periodSi gamoikveTeba Tu ramdenad 

midis mdgomareoba stabilizaciisaken. arsebobs mosazrebebi imis Taobaze, 

rom es Tanxa sul mcire uaryofiT tendenciebs mainc SeaCerebs. 

rogorc wesi, ekonomikuri krizisi maSin xdeba gansakuTrebiT saSiSi, rodesac 

igi realur ekonomikas gadaedeboda da TiToeuli adamianis ojaxSi SeaRwevs. 

msgavsi ram didi depresiis dros yvelaze metad iyo TvalsaCino. garda 

finansuri bazrebisaTvis miyenebuli zianisa depresiam Semdegi uaryofiTi Sedegebi 

moitana: 

- umuSevroba da mosaxleobis Semosavlebis Semcireba; 

- sxvadasxva industriebis saqmianobis, gayidvebisa da mogebis moculobis Semcireba; 

65

- saerTaSoriso vaWrobis – eqsport-importis moculobis Semcireba. 

rogorc vxedavT, farTod ganviTarebuli saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri 

urTierTobebidan gamomdinare, aSS_Si dawyebuli finansuri krizisi jaWvuri 

reaqciiT moedo mTels msoflios, gansakuTrebiT ki im qveynebs, romelTac aSS_- 

sTan sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi aqvT maT Soris, bunebrivia, saqarTvelosac. 

gamomdinare iqidan, rom saqarTvelos ekonomika msoflio ekonomikis 

Semadgeneli nawilia, msoflio finansurma krizisma saqarTvelos ekonomikazec 

iqonia negatiuri gavlena. krizisis pirveladi Sedegebi 2009 wlis damdegs ukve 

saxezea da misi gaRrmaveba wlis ganmavlobaSi gardauvalia. 

msoflio finansurma krizisma yvela qveyanaSi ekonomikuri zrdis Seneleba 

gamoiwvia. gansakuTrebiT Semcirda moTxovna fufunebis sagnebze, avtomobilebze 

da sxva produqciaze, rac msoflios wamyvani qveynebis mSp_s Semcirebis 

safuZveli gaxda. mdidari adamianebis aqtivebi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda, 

zogierTi maTgani ki saerTod gakotrda, mosaxleoba ki gadavida dazogviT 

moxmarebaze. gasul wlebSi saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri zrdis ZiriTadi 

ganmapirobebeli faqtori ucxoeTidan kerZo kapitalis nakadebis (pirdapiri 

ucxouri investiciebi da sabanko kreditebi) da sabiujeto saxsrebis mudmivi 

zrda warmoadgenda. Tu safinanso krizisi gagrZelda, es imas niSnavs, rom kidev 

ufro meti problemebi Seeqmneba amerikis saxelmwifo biujets da im Tanxas, 

romelic maTgan daxmarebis saxiT unda miviRoT 1 mlrd dolaris odenobiT da 

romlisganac jer mxolod 300 milioni dolaria damtkicebuli. SesaZloa es 

Tanxebi im tempebiT veRar miviRoT, rogoric imedi gvaqvs. Tan es krizisi 

mxolod amerikas ar moicavs da SesaZlebelia daxmarebebi sxva qveynebidanac 

dagviandes. amasTan mosalodnelia im qveyanaSi romelic jer kidev srulad ver 

akontrolebs sakuTar teritoriebs da omis saSiSroebis winaSe dgas, 

SemosavalSemcirebulma investorma investicia saerTod ar ganaxorcielos. 

msoflio krizisiT gamowveuli arasasurveli Sedegebis gamo investori ar 

moisurvebs sarisko qveyanaSi Semcirebuli saxsrebis Cadebas. 

amdenad, pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis nakadebis da sabanko kreditebis 

Semcireba 2009 wels ekonomikuri zrdis Seferxebis mniSvnelovani faqtorebi 

iqneba. msoflio ekonomikur krizisamde saqarTvelos xelisufleba nominalur 

mSp_s 21535,9 mln laris moculobiT prognozirebda, xolo krizisis Sedegebis 

gamovlenis Semdeg xelisuflebis prognozi 21308,7 mln laria (Semcireba 

navaraudevia 227,2 mln lariT, rac daaxloebiT 1,05%_iani Semcirebaa). realuri 

mSp_s zrda Tavdapirvelad navaraudevi iyo 4,0%_is odenobiT, xolo krizisis 

Sedegebis gamovlenis Semdeg navaraudevia 2,5%_is odenobiT. 2008 wels realuri 

mSp_s zrda, nacvlad dagegmili 8%_isa, xelisuflebis prognoziT iqneba 

mxolod 2,0%. Tumca, realuri viTareba SesaZlebelia ufro pesimisturi iyos da 

orprocentiani zrdis miRweva SesaZlebeli gaxdes mxolod donorebidan 

miRebuli dafinansebis mimarTviT maRali ekonomikuri aqtivobis uzrunvelmyof 

RonisZiebebze. 

saqarTveloSi investiciebis mniSvnelovani Semcireba jer kidev agvistos 

movlenebis Semdeg daiwyo. mimdinare etapze aseve gvaqvs msoflio finansuri 

krizisiT gamowveuli investiciebis Semcirebis tendencia. igi ukavSirdeba 

66

saqarTveloSi msxvili saprivatizacio obieqtebis nusxis amowurvasac, xolo 

mcire saprivatizacio obieqtebi mniSvnelovan aminds ver qmnian. xelisuflebis 

prognoziT, 2008 wels saqarTvelom miiRo 2,17 mlrd aSS dolaris investicia, 

xolo 2009 wels dagegmilia mxolod 1,7 mlrd dolaris investiciis mozidva. 

investiciebis Semcirebis magaliTebidan mxolod ramdenimes dasaxeleba 

sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom masStabebis simciresa da xelisuflebis mometebul 

optimizmSi 

davrwmundeT. 

ü agvistos cnobili movlenebis Semdgom, msoflio finansuri krizisis fonze, 

yazaxurma kompania `yazmunaigazma~ (KazMunaiGaz) uari ganacxada saqarTveloSi 

dagegmil 1 mlrd dolaris investiciaze, romliTac baTumSi 

navTobgadamamuSavebeli qarxana unda aSenebuliyo. 

ü amerikulma kompania `qliar sTrim holdingma~ saqarTveloSi gamocxadebul 

investiciaze uari Tqva. kompaniam auqcionze `vai maqsis~ sixSire 9 milion 300 

aTas larad SeiZina da ukabelo internet_servisis awyobas gegmavda. kompaniis 

qarTveli partniorebis gancxadebiT, proeqti CaiSala da `qliar sTrimi~ 

safasurs, romelic noembris bolosTvis unda gadaexada, aRar gadaixdis. 

xelisuflebis mier dagegmili ekonomikuri stimulirebis paketidan 

gamomdinare, infrastruqturis investirebiT mTliani Siga produqtis moxmarebis 

da saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis komponentebis procentuli wili mniSvnelovnad 

izrdeba, xolo investiciebis komponenti Semcirdeba, rac, sabolood 

arasaxarbielo gadanawilebamde migviyvans. warmoebis Seferxeba gazrdis 

eqsport_imports Soris uaryofiT saldos da, Sesabamisad, wminda eqsportis 

uaryofiTi maCvenebeli ufro gaizrdeba. 

safinanso krizisis gaRrmavebis periodSi, Zalian bevrma daqiravebulma 

dakarga samuSao adgili. bankebis mier kreditebis gacemis Sewyvetam 

gansakuTrebiT daazarala samSeneblo da avtomobilebiT vaWrobis biznesi. 

faqtobrivad, gaCerda samSeneblo saqmianoba da sabanko sferos problemebidan 

gamomdinare, bankebma TavianTi sakredito portfeli mniSvnelovnad Seamcires. 

Sedegad, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva bankidan da samSeneblo kompaniidan daiTxoves 

ramdenime aTasi TanamSromeli, riTac gaizarda umuSevrobis isedac kritikulad 

maRali 

maCvenebeli. 

saqarTveloSi ukanasknel wlebSi siRaribis gamudmebul zrdas hqonda 

adgili. jer kidev agvistos movlenebamde da msoflio finansuri krizisis 

dawyebamde, siRaribis zRvars miRma myofi adamianebis raodenoba 1 mln_ze meti 

iyo. gazrdili umuSevrobisa da samomxmareblo produqciaze maRali fasebis 

gamo 2009 wels kvlav unda velodoT siRaribis maCveneblis zrdas. 

rogorc vxedavT, saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso safinanso krizisiT gamowveuli 

sakmaod mniSvnelovani problemebisa da gamowvevebis winaSe dgas. problemebis 

minimizacias da gamowvevebze pasuxs saTanado reagireba sWirdeba. aucilebelia 

xelisuflebis mxridan realuri antikrizisuli gegmis SemuSaveba, misi ganxilva 

eqspertebTan, donor organizaciebTan da sxva dainteresebul pirebTan, Semdeg 

ki misi dayofa samoqmedo uwyebriv gegmebad da misi Sesrulebis mudmivi 

monitoringi. amasTan, aucilebelia, saxelisuflebo analitikurma jgufma 

ganaxorcielos saerTaSoriso movlenebis mudmivi analizi, raTa axal 

67

gamowvevebs, romlebsac 2009 wels mudmivad eqneba adgili, qveynis xelisufleba 

Sexvdes saTanadod momzadebuli. saerTaSoriso safinanso seqtoris 

koniuqturuli cvlilebebidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos mxridan saWiro iqneba 

mudmivi cvlilebebi da adaptireba. procesebSi mniSvnelovania roli 

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankisa, romelic institucionalurad unda gaZlierdes 

da meti funqcia mieniWos safinanso seqtoris gaZlierebis TvalsazrisiT. 

qveynis xelisuflebam arsebuli problemebi unda warmoidginos erTianad, 

ris safuZvelzec spontanuri RonisZiebebis gatarebidan unda gadaerTos 

Tanmimdevruli RonisZiebebis gatarebaze. prioritetebi unda iyos mkafio, 

realuri da qveynis ekonomikuri zrdis stimulirebaze orientirebuli. wminda 

ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT, 2009 wels raime saxis arCevnebis daniSvna da 

winasaarCevno RonisZiebebze sabiujeto Tu sxva saxis safinanso resursebis 

mimarTva damRupveli iqneba qveynis ekonomikisTvis. amasTan, aucilebelia 

donorebidan miRebuli daxmarebebis da kreditebis gegmazomieri xarjva. qveynis 

xelisuflebas mudmivad unda axsovdes, rom dagegmili 4,5 mlrd aSS dolari ar 

aris mxolod daxmareba da misi didi nawili ramdenime wlis Semdeg ukan unda 

iqnas dabrunebuli, Tanac Sesabamisi saprocento ganakveTebis gadaxdiT. 

rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri zrdis ZiriTad maCvenebels 

ucxoeTidan kerZo kapitalis nakadebi da sabiujeto saxsrebis mudmivi zrda 

warmoadgenda. gansakuTrebuli SiSi saqarTvelos mimarT investorebs agvistos 

movlenebis Semdeg gauCndaT, rasac Tan daerTo msoflio finansuri krizisi da 

amitom isini cdiloben Tavi aaridon sarisko investiciebs. am mxriv 

saqarTvelos investiciebis Semcirebis didi safrTxe daemuqra, rac ekonomikuri 

zrdis Semcirebas gamoiwvevs. Tumca calsaxad imis Tqma rom Cven finansurma 

krizisma dagvazarala samarTliani ar iqneba. Cven ara varT imdenad 

integrirebulebi msoflioSi, rom recesiam Cvenze Zlieri zegavlena moaxdinos. 

msoflioSi dagrovili codnisa da gamocdilebis mixedviT imedia krizisi 

didxans ar gagrZeldeba, raTa ufro ar daazaralos aRmavlobis gzaze myofi 

saqarTvelos ekonomika. 


1. www.civil.ge 

2. www.books.google.ge 

3. Mankiw N.G. Macroeconomics, NY Worth Publishers, 2003 

4. www.geoeconomics.ge 

5. nodar xaduri, makroekonomika, Tbilisi 2007 


7. Blanchard O. Macroeconomics, 2 nd edition, Prentice-Hall. 2000 

8. www.economics.ge 

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2005 

10. www.nbg.gov.ge 

68

sapensio sistemis reforma saqarTveloSi 1 

zurab ziraqaZe 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: sruli profesori n. xaduri 

sapensio uzrunvelyofa saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebulad mas Semdeg garTulda, 

rac ssrk daiSala. Sedegad aramarto airia sistema, aramed daikarga is danazogebi, 

romlebic iqna Segrovili Cveni mosaxleobis mier gasul aTwleulebSi. 

upirvelesi amocanaa politikuri gadawyvetilebis miReba _ ra gzas unda 

davadgeT. Zalze mniSvnelovania moqalaqeebs mivceT saSualeba, sapensio asakisaTvis 

moemzadon. magaliTad, rig qveyanaSi moqmedebs e.w. samsvetiani sistema, rac 

gulisxmobs pirveli: pensiis miRebas Senatanebis safuZvelze, roca momuSaveebi 

istumreben pensionerebs _ e.w. `brtyeli~ pensia, anu fiqsirebuli Tanxa _ 

saxelmwifo pensia. meore: savaldebulo dagrovebis sistema, roca yvela momuSave 

kanonis mixedviT valdebulia, Tavisi Semosavlebis garkveuli procenti mimarTos 

saxelmwifo Tu kerZo sapensio fondebSi. mesame nebayoflobiTi: pensioners saSualeba 

eZleva, daagrovos fuli kerZo sapensio fondSi, romelic Semdeg mis pensias 

daemateba. aseTi modelia postsabWour qveynebSi _ baltiispireTSi, ruseTsa da 

ukrainaSi. 

socialuri politika, romelic dafuZnebulia socialuri daxmarebis an savaldebulo 

socialuri dazRvevis sistemaze, warmoadgens resursebis gadanawilebis xelovnur 

meqanizms, romlis mixedviTac socialur dacvaze pasuxismgeblobas iRebs 

saxelmwifo, an individebs aiZulebs sakuTari da sazogadoebis sxva wevrebis socialur 

dacvaze pasuxismgebloba savaldebulo dazRvevis gziT Tavis Tavze aiRon. savaldebulo 

socialuri dazRvevis gamarTleba xdeba imiT, rom Tu riskis xarisxi didia, 

adamianis momavali mdgomareoba ar aris damokidebuli mis individualur Zalisxmevaze 

da nebismieri SesaZleblobis mqone pirovneba maRali riskis qveS imyofeba. 

socialuri dacva pirobiTad SeiZleba davyoT or nawilad: 

_ socialuri daxmareba; 

_ socialuri dazRveva; 

socialuri dazRveva ganixileba, rogorc socialuri dacvis ZiriTadi, xolo 

socialuro daxmareba _ damatebiT saSualebad. 

msoflio praqtikaSi sapensio sistemis formirebisa da organizebulobis xuTi 

ZiriTadi midgoma arsebobs: 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna `makroekonomikis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze da daimsaxura 

saprizo adgili. ibeWdeba Semcirebuli formatiT, vinaidan warmodgenili iyo 18 gverdis moculobiT. 

69

1. rodesac pensiebis gadaxda xdeba saxelmwifo biujetidan; 

2. umuSevrebs pensias uxdian dasaqmebulebi; 

3. yofil muSaks pensias uxdis sawarmo; 

4. pensiebs uzrunvelyofs sadazRvevo kompania; 

5. sapensio uzrunvelyofa warmoebs e.w. sapensio fondebis meSveobiT. 

ganawilebiTi sistemis erTi SexedviT myar konstruqcias bzari pirvelad evropis 

qveynebSi gauCnda. mizezi martivia: demografiuli suraTis Secvla _ Semcirebuli 

Sobadoba da sicocxlis saSulo xangrZlivobis gazrda. 

nebayoflobiTi sapensio sistemis ZiriTad upiratesobebs warmoadgens: 

_ pensiis sididis damokidebuleba dazRveulTa pirad Zalisxmevaze; 

_ dazRveulTa aqtiuri roli da arCevnis Tavisufleba; 

_ sistemis konkurentuloba; 

_ dasaqmebaze negatiuri zegavlenis Semcireba; 

_ dagrovili kapitalis zrda. 

CileSi ganxorcielebulma ekonomikurma reformebma daamtkica, rom SesaZlebelia 

iseTi socialuri dacvis sistemis Seqmna, romelic individebs arCevnis SesaZleblobas 

miscems (nebayoflobiT, sakuTar Tavze aiRon socialuri pasuxismgebloba). 

saqarTveloSi moqmedebs gadanawilebiTi sapensio sqema. es sqema damyarebulia 

TaobaTa solidarobis principze, rac niSnavs imas, rom pensionerebs pensiebi gaecemaT 

dRes momuSaveTa mier gadaxdili gadasaxadis xarjze. 

mTliani sapensio tvirTis saxelmwifos mier tareba arcTu efeqtiania: 

pensiebis sidide CamorCeba saarsebo minimums; 

dasaqmebulTa Semosavlebis mniSvnelovani nawili aRuricxavia. 

aqtiuri dasaqmebulebis ricxvis Sefardeba pensionerebTan 0,75 Seadgens, rac 

arsebuli sapensio sistemis mniSvnelovan gaumjobesebas uperspeqtivos xdis. 

socialuri gadasaxadi unda gauqmebuliyo, magram ara im formiT, rogorc moxda. 

umjobesi iyo momxdariyo misi gardaqmna socialuri dazRvevis anaricxis saxiT, 

romlebic akumulirdeboda saxelwifo an kerZo sapensio fondebSi; 

dauSvebeli iyo socialuri gadasaxadis saSemosavlo gadasaxadTan gaerTianeba maTi 

Tvisobrivad gansxvavebulobis gamo; 

pensiebis dafinanseba-gacema uSualod mieba saxelmwifo biujetis valdebulebebs. 

gadasaxadi ki zogadad aris piris mier gaweuli investicia, safasuri imisa, rom 

saxelmwifom daicvas misi sicocxle, saqmianoba, uflebebi saSianao Tu sagareo 

xelyofisagan, magram gadasaxadidan momavali socialuri dacvis garantiis miReba 

gaumarTleblia, radgan: saxelmwifo ver gascems imis garantias, rom uaxloes 

momavalSi adeqvaturi pensiebi ris xarjze iqneba miRweuli (im fonze roca 

saSemosavlo gadasaxadi 25-dan 15%-mde unda Semcirdes); 

70

socialuri uzrunvelyofis sapensio sistemebi imdenad susti da funqcia 

moklebulia, misi reformis aucilebloba eWvs ar iwvevs. 

reformis ganxorcieleba unda daiwyos pirvel rigSi misi Teoriuli, 

iuridiuli da finansuri dasabuTebis SeqmniT. am masStabis finansuri RonisZiebis 

ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia mxolod yvela detalis gaTvlis Sedegad. 

klasikosi ekonomistebis cnobilma warmomadgenelma J. b. seim Seqmna kanoni, romlis 

mixedviT qveyanaSi danazogebi da investiciebi erTmaneTis tolia (zogierT 

SemTxvevaSi procentuli ganakveTis gamawonasworebeli zemoqmedebis Sedegad), reformis 

Semdeg kerZo sapensio fondebSi socialuri anaricxis saxiT Sesuli TiToeuli 

lari avtomaturad gamoCndeba qveynis ekonomikaSi TiToeuli lari investiciis saxiT. 

yovelwliurad saqarTvelos ekonomika miiRebs da aiTvisebs damatebiT kapitals, 

samamulo sainvesticio resurs da es kapitali yovelwliurad mzardi iqneba qveynis 

ekonomikis ganviTarebisa da minimum Tundac am investiciiT miRebuli dadebiTi 

ekonomikuri efeqtis Sesabamisad. 

socialuri uzrunvelyofis da sapensio sistemebi imdenad susti da funqcia 

moklebulia, misi reformis aucilebloba eWvs ar iwvevs. 

reformis ganxorcieleba unda daiwyos pirvel rigSi misi Teoriuli, iuridiuli 

da finansuri dasabuTebis SeqmniT. am masStabis finansuri RonisZiebis ganxorcieleba 

SesaZlebelia mxolod yvela detalis gaTvlis Sedegad. 

dRes rom daiwyos es reforma, is Taoba, romelic 10-15 weliwadSi gava pensiaze, 

ukve Rirseul pensias miiRebs, xolo saxelmwifoSi ki dasaqmebulebis mier sapensio 

fondebSi Setanili Tanxebis xarjebze soliduri kapitali akumulirdeba, rac 

qveynis sainvesticio SesaZleblobebs mniSvnelovnad gazrdis. magaliTad, 1998 wels 

msgavsi sapensio sistemis danergva moxda yazaxeTSi. am wlebis manZilze am qveynis sapensio 

fondSi garkveuli kapitali dagrovda. swored am Tanxebis investirebas axdenen 

yazaxi investoroebi dRes saqarTveloSi. 

`kerZo sapensio sistemis danergvis Semdgomi SesaZlo nabijebi: kerZo seqtoris 

aqtivebis marTvis kompaniebis licenzirebisa da zedamxedvelobisaTvis regulirebis 

bazis Seqmna da aseve, saanuiteto kompaniebis licenzirebisa da zedamxedvelobisaTvis 

regulirebis bazis Camoyalibeba~ (devid kalundi britaneli ekonomikis eqsperti). 

klasikosi ekonomistebis cnobilma warmomadgenelma J. b. seim Seqmna kanoni, 

romlis mixedviT qveyanaSi danazogebi da investiciebi erTmaneTis tolia (zogierT 

SemTxvevaSi procentuli ganakveTis gamawonasworebeli zemoqmedebis Sedegad.a), seis 

kanonis aramarTebuloba SemdgomSi keinsianurma moZRvrebam daasabuTa, Tumc reformis 

Semdeg kerZo sapensio fondebSi socialuri anaricxis saxiT Sesuli TiToeuli lari 

avtomaturad gamoCndeba qveynis ekonomikaSi TiToeuli lari investiciis saxiT. 

yovelwliurad saqarTvelos ekonomika miiRebs da aiTvisebs damatebiT kapitals, samamulo 

sainvesticio resurs da es kapitali yovelwliurad mzardi iqneba qveynis eko- 

71

nomikis ganviTarebisa da minimum Tundac am investiciiT miRebuli dadebiTi 

ekonomikuri efeqtis Sesabamisad. 

gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom kerZo sapensio fondebis mier pensiebis 

ZiriTadi nawilis gacema iwyeba reformis gatarebidan 15-20 wlis Semdeg, amitom mosalodnelia, 

rom sapensio fondebi TavianTi mobilizebuli finansuri resursebis did 

nawils ganaTavseben grZelvadian sainvesticio proeqtebSi, uSualod mrewvelobaSi, 

soflis meurneobaSi, turistul infrastruqturaSi da a.S. es imas niSnavs, rom qveynis 

ekonomikis momgebiani da prioritetuli dargebi damatebiT iReben investiciebs. 

72

eklamis gavlena ludis gayidvebis moculobaze 1 

bela CaCibaia 

baia CaCibaia 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: sruli prof. e. xaraiSvili 

Tanamedrove samyaroSi cxovreba televizoris, radios, Jurnalis Tu gazeTis 

gareSe warmoudgenelia. am CamonaTvals bolo periodSi daemata internetic, romelic 

cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawili gaxda. maTi saSualebiT vecnobiT axal ambebs, CvenTvis 

saintereso informacias, filmebs da mudmivad Tvalyurs vadevnebT reklamas, romelic 

nebismier gadacemas Tan sdevs. 

reklamis mimarT adamianTa damokidebuleba SeiZleba orgvarad SevafasoT. erTni 

fiqroben, rom reklama aris ubralod lamazi tyuili, romelic mimarTulia adamianTa 

Tvalebis asaxvevad da jibeebis dasacarieleblad. sxvaTa azriT reklama saWiro 

saqonelze saWiro informaciis miRebis uebari saSualebaa. 

dRes msoflio da adgilobriv bazrebze saqonlis gasaReba SeuZlebelia reklamisa 

da promouSenis gareSe, romlis daxmarebiTac momxmarebels miewodeba informacia, 

reklamas gaaCnia orgvari funqcia: pirveli - es aris momxmareblis informireba 

da meore-momxmareblis motyueba, gabrueba, raTa man rac SeiZleba male SeiZinos 

aRniSnuli saqoneli. garda am ori funqciisa ikveTeba reklamis mesame funqciac: 

miaCvios momxmarebeli am produqcias da daikavos bazarze monopoliuri mdgomareoba. 

70% 

60% 

50% 

40% 

30% 

20% 

10% 

0% 

60% 

tele_radio 

8% 

bilbordebi 

quCaSi 

12% 

18% 

2% 

beWvdiTi media interneti sxva 

diagrama 1. sareklamo saSualebaTa reitingi 2 

firmebi TavianTi biznesis formirebis dros Zalian did mniSvnelobas aniWeben 

reklamas, radgan swored reklama ganapirobebs momxmarebelTa farTo masebisaTvis aRniSnuli 

produqciisa Tu momsaxurebis gacnobas da maT mozidvas. msxvil firmebSi arsebobs 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna `mikroekonomikis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze da daimsaxura 


2 sareklamo saSualebaTa da telearxebis reitingi (diagrama 1 da 2) momzadebulia ,,BCG 

Research”-is mier 2007 wels Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT 

73

specialuri ganyofilebebi, romlebic uSualod muSaoben reklamis Seqmnaze da mis 

ganTavsebaze yvelaze optimalur media saSualebaSi. 

reklama xorcieldeba sxvadasxva arxebiT, maT Soris tele-radio reklamas uWiravs 

bazris yvelaze didi wili _ 60%, (ix. Ddiagrama 1) igi yvelaze ufro maRali sandoobis 

xarisxiT xaiaTdeba. gansxvavebulia aseve telearxebis reitingi. 2007 wels Catarebuli 

kvlevis mixedviT (BCG Research) yvelaze maRalyurebadi arxebis reitingi gadanawilda 

Semdegi saxiT (ix. diagrama 1). 

60.00% 

50.00% 

40.00% 

30.00% 

20.00% 

10.00% 

0.00% 

50.20% 

30.20% 

4.80% 

7.80% 7.00% 

rusTavi 2 imedi I arxi mze sxva 

diagrama 2. telearxebi 4 reitingi 

am monacemebis mixedviT liderTa poziciebs inawileben ,,rusTavi 2” da ,,imedi”. 

Sesabamisad maTSi reklamis fasebi yvelaze maRalia, saSualod wuTi 1500_2000$. 

radioSic moqmedebs analogiuri midgoma, rac ufro maRalreitingulia arxi, miT 

ufro maRalia masSi reklamis ganTavsebis fasebi. 

reklama Zalian did daaxarjebTan aris dakavSirebuli da igi gavlenas axdens 

gayidvebis moculobaze. amitomac, reklamis mniSvnelobis Seswavlisas aucilebelia 

SevexoT reklamas Teoriuli aspeqtiTac. naxazze 1 mocemulia reklamis efeqtis grafikuli 

analizi. sadac naTlad Cans rom amonagebi reklamis gareSe bevrad naklebia 

amonagebze reklamis SemTxvevaSi, rac gamowveulia reklamirebul produqciaze 

moTxovnis gazrdiT. 

imisaTvis, rom gagverkvia Tu rogori damokidebulebaa dRes saqarTveloSi 

reklamis mimarT CavatareT anketuri gamokiTxva. kvlevisaTvis avirCieT konkretuli 

produqti _ ludi da SevecadeT gamogvekvlia Tu ra gavlenas axdens reklamireba 

ludis gayidvebis moculobaze, amasTan miznad davisaxeT gagverkvia rogoraa 

ganwyobili mosaxleoba aRniSnuli produqtis mimarT, ras aqcevs yuradRebas misi 

SeZenisas da ramdenad axdens reklama gavlenas maT gadawyvetilebaze. Cvens mier 

gamokiTxul iqna orasi respondenti, romelTagan umravlesobas Seadgendnen 18-dan 25 

wlamde asakis axalgazrdebi (43.5%). 

74

P 

sargebeli 

reklamiT (A 1 ) 

P 1 

MC 

P 0 AC 1 

D 1 

sargebeli 

reklamis gareSe 

MR 0 

D 0 

AC 0 

MR 1 

0 0 Q 0 Q 1 

Q 

naxazi 1. reklamis efeqti 

kiTxvaze ,,xarT Tu ara ludis moyvaruli?” Sedegebi gadanawilda Semdegi 

saxiT: diax _ 66% (132), ara _ 34% (68) (ix. diagrama 4). kvleviT dadginda, rom 

ludis moyvarulTa procentuli maCvenebeli sakmaod maRalia, rac SeiZleba imiTac 

aixsnas, rom gamokiTxulTa 60% (120) aris mamrobiTi sqesis warmomadgeneli, 

rogorc cnobilia, ludis moyvarulTa umravlesobas swored mamakacebi Seadgenen. 

34% 

66% 

diax 

ara 

diagrama 4. ludisadmi damokidebuleba 1 

imis gasarkvevad, Tu romeli dasaxelebis ludi aris yvelaze popularuli, davsviT 

kiTxva: romeli dasaxelebis luds moixmarT yvelaze xSirad? Sedegis mixedviT 

lideri firma nataxtaria, romelsac upiratesobas aniWebs gamokiTxulTa 32%, Tu 

gaviTavaliswinebT imasac rom ,,tride” firma ,,nataxtaris” mier gamoSvebuli ludia, 

SegviZlia Tamamad davasvnaT, rom gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba _ 47% upiratesobas 

aniWebs firma ,,nataxtaris” mier gamoSvebul luds (ix. diagrama 5). 

75

40% 

30% 

20% 

10% 

0% 

32% 

18% 

14.00% 13% 

15% 

8% 

nataxtari yazbegi hercogi tride lomisi sxva 

Ddiagrama 5. favoriti ludebi 1 

gamokiTxulTa reklamisadmi damokidebulebis gasarkvevad Cvens mier dasmul iqna 

SekiTxva: ,,aqcevT Tu ara ludis SeZenisas reklamas yuradRebas”? Sedegebi miviReT 

Semdegnairi: 65.5% aqcevs reklamas yuradRebas, xolo 34.5% ar aqcevs (ix. diagrama 

6). rogorc vxedavT gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba reklamas did mniSvnelobas aniWebs. 

34.50% 

65.50% 

diax 

ara 

diagrama 6. reklamisadmi damokidebuleba 1 

reklamis moyvaruli respondentebis 71.6% upiratesobas aniWebs da ufro endoba 

telereklamas, 21% _ radioreklamas, xolo orive maTgani erTnairad misaRebia 

6.4%-saTvis (ix. diagrama 7). 

6.40% 

21% 

71.60% 

telereklama 

radioreklama 

orive 

diagrama 7. sareklamo saSualebaTa sandoobis xarisxi 1 

kvlevidanac naTlad Cans, rom telereklama ufro mniSvnelovania da sandoobis 

ufro maRali xarisxiT xasiaTdeba. 

1 da diagrama 6 momzadebulia Cvens mier Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT 

76

anketuri gamokiTxvis mixedviT dadginda, Tu romeli firmis tele da radio 

reklama moswons ufro momxmarebels. Sedegebis mixedviT rogorc tele, aseve radio 

reklamaSi lideria ,,nataxtari”, misi reklama moswons gamokiTxulTa 35%-s, xolo 

radioreklama-42%-s. 

45% 

40% 

35% 

30% 

25% 

20% 

15% 

10% 

5% 

0% 

35% 

42% 

17% 

13% 

10% 

8% 

22.50% 

17.50% 

telereklama 

radioreklama 

9.50% 

6.50% 

4% 4% 

diagrama 8. firmebis reklamaTa reitingi 

gamokiTxulTa 35% ludis biznesis warmatebul sferod gadaqcevis saSualebad 

miiCnevs ufro efeqtiani sareklamo kampaniis Catarebas. 

50% 

40% 

30% 

44% 

28.50% 

35.00% 

20% 

10% 

13.50% 

5.50% 

0% 

gaaumjobesos 

xarisxi 

Seamciros fasebi 

gazardos 

reklamireba 

Secvalos dizaini 

sxva 

diagrama 9. ludis biznesis ganviTarebis gzebi 1 

aRniSnuli Sedegidan naTlad Cans, rom reklama mniSvnelovania da mas 

momxmarebeli did yuradRebas aqcevs. 

ismis kiTxva: rogor unda gadanawildes sareklamo biujeti tele da radio 

reklamebs Soris? aRniSnulis gasarkvevad Cvens mier zRvruli analizis saSualebiT 

Catarda ludis gayidvebis moculobaze tele da radio reklamis gavlenis analizi. 

radio reklama calke aRebuli naklebad zrdis gayidvebis moculobas, miuxedavad 

amisa, gayidvebis moculobis maqsimizaciis mizniT umjobesia sareklamo kampaniis 

77

xarjebi gadanawildes tele da radio reklamaze. am SemTxvevaSi tele reklamaze 

daxarjuli damatebiTi Tanxis zRvruli efeqtianoba bevrad ufro naklebia, vidre 

radio reklamaze daxarjuli imave odenobis Tanxis damatebiTi zRvruli efeqtianoba. 

Sedegebma gviCvena, rom yovel erT litr ludze radio reklama zrdis gayidvebis 

moculobas 0.0095-iT, xolo telereklama 0.0075–iT. amrigad, tele da radio 

reklamis SeTanawyobiT izrdeba gayidvebis moculoba da Sesabamisad firmis mogeba. 

SeiZleba davaskvnaT rom: 

reklamis ganTavseba mizanSewonilia maRalreitingul sareklamo arxze. 

aRniSnuli ganapirobebs mosaxleobis farTo masebis informirebas, rac aisaxeba 

gayidvebis moculobis zrdaze. 

kvlevebiT dadginda, rom telereklama ufro mniSvnelovania da sandoobis 

ufro maRali xarisxiT xasiaTdeba, vidre radioreklama. respondentebis 71.6% 

upiratesobas aniWebs da ufro endoba pirvels, 21% _ radioreklamas, xolo orive 

maTgani erTnairad misaRebia 6.4%-saTvis 

radio reklamis zRvruli efeqtianoba aRemateba telereklamis zRvrul 

efeqtianobas, aRniSnulidan gamomdinare mniSvnelovania tele da radio reklamis 

erToblivi gamoyeneba gayidvebis moculobisa da Sesabamisad firmis mogebis zrdis 

uzrunvelsayofad. 

reklama mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs ,,nataxtaris” gayidvebis moculobis 

zrdaSi. aRniSnuls adasturebs kvlevis Sedegebi, gamokiTxulTa 65.5% ludis 

SeZenisas did mniSvnelobas aniWebs reklamas. 

favoriti sareklamo rgolebi ekuTvnis firma ,,nataxtars”, kvlevis Sedegebis 

mixedviT rogorc tele, aseve radio reklamaSi lideria ,,nataxtari”, misi 

telereklama moswons gamokiTxulTa 35%-s, xolo radioreklama-42%-s. 


1. e. xaraiSvili, i. gagniZe, m. CavleiSvili, i. nacvliSvili, m. nacvalaZe, mikroekonomika, 

Tbilisi 2008. 

2. a. qaTamiZe, media saSualebebis bazari da misi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi 

saqrTveloSi, Tbilisi 2007. 

3. p. leiaSvili, ekonomiqsi, Tbilisi 2007. 

4. kotleri, armstrongi, marketingi 

5. www.geoeconomics.ge 

6. www.media.ge 

7. www.parliament.ge 

8. www.rustavi2.com 

9. www.statistic.ge 

10. http://www.amp.aknet.kg/microeconomics/contents.htm 

78

iskebi da dazRvevis imitaciuri modelebi 1 

naTia meliTauri 

Tsu bakalavri 

Mmecn-xelm: sruli prof. e. xaraiSvili 

ekonomikur literaturaSi arsebobs riskis mravali gansazRvreba. riski 

gulisxmobs iseT situacias, rodesac SeuZlebelia SedegTa winaswar ganWvreta. 

riski, umeteswilad, aris albaTuri kategoriis prognozi, romelic SeiZleba 

ganisazRvros absoluturi da SefardebiTi maCveneblebiT. pirveli gulisxmobs riskis 

gansazRvras danakargebis SesaZlo sididiT, materialur- nivTobriv (fizikur) an 

RirebulebiT (fulad) gamoxatulebaSi. xolo meore risks gansazRvravs SesaZlo 

danakargTa sididis SefardebiT bazasTan (qonebrivi mdgomareoba, resursebis saerTo 

danaxarjebi an mosalodneli Semosavali-mogeba). 

ekonomistebis azriT, adamianTa umravlesobas riski arasasurvelad miaCnia. maT 

ar aqvT midrekileba riskisadmi da mis srul likvidacias an Semcirebas cdiloben. 

arsebobs riskebis Semcirebis ramdenime gza; maTgan erT-erTia dazRveva. 

saqarTvelos sadazRvevo bazarze 2008 wlis mdgomareobiT 13 sadazRvevo 

kompania moRvaweobs. arsebuli kompaniebidan erTs, azerbaijanul “standart dazRveva 

saqarTvelos”, romelmac licenzia 2007 wels miiRo, bazarze operireba jer kidev 

ar dauwyia. sadazRvevo kompaniebs Soris moziduli jamuri premiis maCveneblis 

mixedviT, pirvel adgilzea “aldagi-bisiai”. kompaniam 2008 wels 62 mln laris 

premia miizida da am maCvenebliT sadazRvevo bazris 22,88%-s akontrolebs. meore 

adgilze 47 mln lariT “jipiai holdingia” da mas bazris 17,3% uWiravs, xolo 

mesameze 17,1%-iT “imedi el”-ia, romelmac 46,5 mln lari miizida. 2 Cveni kvlevis 

sfero qonebrivi riskebis dazRvevaa. igi moicavs: mosavlis dazRvevas, saTburebis 

dazRvevas, mecxoveleobis dazRvevas, Sinauri cxovelebis dazRvevas da sxv. 

dasaxelebulTagan imitaciuri modelebis Sesaqmnelad SevarCieT mosavlis dazRveva. 3 

soflis meurneobaSi mosavlis dazRvevis polisiT SeiZleba daizRves, rogorc 

erTwliani naTesebi, aseve mravalwliani nargavebi, xexilis baRebi,venaxebi da sxv. 

mravalwliani nargavebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia dazRveul iqnas mosalodneli 

mosavali da TviTon nargavebi. 

msoflioSi aRiarebuli meTodikis mixedviT, riskebis jgufisagan mosavlis 

dazRveva uzrunvelyofs usafrTxoebas da im sayrdens, rac fermerisTvisaa 



2 GBC, media holderis eqskluziuri informacia. 

3 saqarTveloSi,mosavlis dazRvevis SemTxvevebis simciris gamo, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aRniSnuli 

saxeobis dazRveva TiTqmis ar xdeba. sadazRvevo bazris lider kompanias- ,,aldagi-bisiais” 

mosavlis dazRvevis servisi saerTod ar aqvs. 

79

aucilebeli sameurneo riskebis samarTavi programis SesamuSaveblad. am meTodikiT 

dazRvevis privilegiebi mdgomareobs SemdegSi: azRvevs adamianebis qonebas (aqtivebs); 

garantirebuli Semosavlis wyaroa mosavlis zaralis SemTxvevaSi; gulisxmobs 

mTavrobis mier subsidirebul premiebs (dazRvevis gadasaxadebs); iyenebs mxolod 

individualuri mosavlis maCveneblebs garantiis uzrunvelsayofad; erToblivi 

sesxebi aumjobesebs sesxunarianobas; iTvaliswinebs naadrevi da gviani Tesvis 

pirobebs; icavs investiciebs da danazogebs; gulisxmobs momaval investiciebs 

meurneobisaTvis. 

MPCI (mosavlis dazRvevis polisi) gvTavazobs mosavlis garantias, rac efuZneba 

individualuri fermeris mier ganxorcielebuli realuri warmoebis (mosavlianobis) 

maCveneblebs (APH). 

1 

dasafari riskebi sxvadasxva tipisaa kulturis saxeobebis 

mixedviT, magram, SesaZloa, gulisxmobdes iseTi saSiSi riskebisagan dacvas, 

rogoricaa: gvalva, wyaldidoba, mwerebi, mcenareTa daavadebebi, qariSxali da sxva 

saSiSi bunebrivi movlenebi. 

mosavlis dazRvevis pirobebi: 

100% 75/100 

nayofiereba 

65/100 

0% 50/51 50/100 

fasis done 100% 

rogorc sqemidan Cans, SesaZlebelia mosavlis dazRveva maqsimaluri 

RirebulebiT, anu fasebis 100%-iani doniT, roca mosavlis raodenoba 

limitirebulia 50%-75% sazRvrebSi, 5%-iani zrdadobiT. katastrofebisagan 

dazRveva limitirebulia 50%-mde, Rirebulebis 55%-is pirobebSi. 

dazRveva SesaZlebelia mosavlis sxvadasxva saxeobebis mixedviT. magaliTad, 

SeiZleba daizRves: nuSi, vaSli, avokado, alubali, citrusebi, bamba, lobio, yurZeni, 

qliavi, brinji, mzesumzira, pomidori, kakali, xorbali, qeri, Svria da a.S. 

statistikuri monacemebis safuZvelze, Cven mier Seswavlil iqna fermerul 

meurneobebSi yurZnisa da xorblis saSualo mosavlianoba saqarTveloSi. 

gaviangariSeT qveyanaSi, dazRvevis MPCI polisis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, rogori 

iqneboda sadazRvevo kompaniis mier anazRaurebuli zaralebi mosavlisa da dafarvis 

(dazRvevis) sxvadasxva donis pirobebSi. aSS-s magaliTze SevqmeniT yurZnisa da 

xorblis mosavlis dazRvevis imitaciuri modelebi saqarTveloSi. 

xorblis mosavlis dazRvevis imitaciuri modeli. nebismieri miwis farTobi, 

romelic ganadgurda da aRar momxdara masze xelaxali daTesva (Tu masze xelaxali 

daTesva SesaZlebeli iyo dargvis vadis ukanasknel TariRamde mainc), miCneulia 

aradazRvevad zonad. aseve, aradazRvevadia: saSemodgomo xorbali, romelic daiTesa 

1 www.rma.usda.gov/pubs/rme/fsh_6.html 

80

gvian, daTesvis bolo vadis (31 oqtomberi) Semdeg; xorbali, romelic sxva mosaval- 

Tan erTad aris daTesili. 

nayofierebis garantia efuZneba xorblis mosavlis saSualo nayofierebis monacemebs. 

dafarvis doneebia: 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%. namdvili sadazRvevo 

dafarva ganisazRvreba mTliani farTobiT da ara TiToeul heqtarze. 1 

xorblis saSualo mosavlianoba wlebis mixedviT saqarTveloSi (t/ha) 2 

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

xorbali 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.2 1.7 1.5 

saSualo mosavali (t/ha-ze) 2003-2007 wlebSi iqneba 1.675; 1 tona xorblis 

standartuli sabazro fasia 750 lari (xorblis fasi meryeobs wlis sxvadasxva 

sezonis mixedviT); bolo wlis mosavalia 1.5 t/ha-ze; dafarvis (dazRvevis) done 

aviRoT 75%. 

garantiis gansazRvra: saSualo mosavali*dafarvis moculobaze =garantia; 

1.675 t/ha*75%=1.256 t/ha. yvela im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mosavlianoba 1.256 t/ha-ze 

naklebi iqneba, moxdeba sagarantio anazRaureba. 

sagarantio anazRaurebis moculobis gamoTvla: garantia_mosavali=warmoebis 

zarali (danakargi); 1.256t/ha_1.5t/ha=-0.244t/ha. am SemTxvevaSi, radgan mosavali 

metia, vidre garantia, anazRaureba aRar moxdeba. Tu warmoebis zarali iqneboda 

dadebiTi ricxvi, igi gadamravldeboda xorblis Rirebulebaze da miviRebdiT 

sagarantio anazRaurebas, anu Tanxis im raodenobas, romelsac gascemda sadazRvevo 

kompania zaralis asanazRaureblad. 

amave meTodiT gaviangariSoT Tanxis is raodenobebi, romelsac polisi ixdis 

TiToeul heqtarze, mosavlianobis sxvadasxva pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT. miRebuli 

Sedegebi mocemulia 1-l cxrilSi. 

cxrili 1 

dafarvis moculoba 

mosavali 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 

1.5 0 0 0 0 0 

1.2 42 0 0 0 0 

1.0 192 130 67 4 0 

0.8 342 280 217 154 91 

0.5 567 505 442 379 316 

0 942 880 817 754 691 

1 www.agrocropinsurance.com 

2 www.statistics.ge 

81

MPCI polisiT SesaZlebelia, agreTve, katastrofebisagan dazRveva (CAT). CATis 

dafarva limitirebulia 50%-mde, maqsimaluri Rirebulebis 55%-is pirobebSi. 

zemoT moyvanili cifrebis mixedviT, xorblis mosavlis katastrofebisagan dazRvevis 

raodenoba iqneba: 1.675 t/ha*50%=0.82 t/ha; 1.5, 1.2, 1.0 t/ha-ze mosavlianobis 

raodenobebis dros araviTari gadaxda ar moxdeba. 0.8 t/ha-ze mosavlianobis dros 

sadazRvevo kompaniis mier anazRaurdeba 8.25 lari heqtarze. 0.82_0.80=0.02 (tona 

zarali heqtarze); 0.02*412.5=8.25 (lari anazRaureba heqtarze) (750*0.55=412.5, 

radgan dafarva maqsimaluri Rirebulebis pirobebSi xdeba). e.i. sadazRvevo kompania, 

am SemTxvevaSi, aanazRaurebs 8.25 lars heqtarze. 

analogiuri gamoTvliT miviRebT, rom 0.5 t/ha-ze mosavlianobis dros 

anazRaurdeba 132 lari heqtarze; 0 t/ha-ze mosavlianobis raodenobis dros 

anazRaurdeba 338.25 lari heqtarze. 

yurZnis mosavlis dazRvevis imitaciuri modeli. imisaTvis, rom vazi eqvemdebarebodes 

dazRvevas, dargvidan minimum 4 weli unda iyos gasuli, xolo, damynobidan _ 

3 weli. unda dadgindes saSualo mosavlianobis minimumi heqtarze. mevenaxeebs SeuZliaT 

airCion sasurveli jiSis yurZeni da, survilisamebr, daazRvion jiSebis raodenoba. 

savaldebuloa daizRves miwis yvela heqtari, arCeuli TiToeuli jiSisaTvis. 

roca venaxebi qiravdeba mosavalze wilis miRebis pirobiT, meijaresac da moijaresac 

cal-calke an orives erTad SeuZliaT daazRvion TavianTi wili mTlian mosavalSi. 

mosavlianobis garantia eyrdnoba miRebuli da Cabarebuli produqciis saSualo 

monacems ukanaskneli aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi. axalgazrda venaxebisaTvis, an iseTi venaxebisaTvis, 

romelTaA monacemi Seadgens oTxi wlis Canawerebs, saSualo nayofiereba 

dgindeba inspeqciis mier, imave olqSi msgavsi venaxebis mixedviT. 

dafarvis maqsimaluri zRvari aris saSualo mosavlianobis 75%. SesaZlebelia, 

50%, 55%, 60%, 65% da 70% dafarvis doneebi. garantia erT heqtarze mravldeba 

heqtrebis raodenobaze sxvadasxvagvari yurZnis jiSebis blokebis mixedviT. namdvili 

sadazRvevo dafarva aris erTeulebis da ara heqtrebis mixedviT. 1 

yurZnis saSualo mosavlianoba wlebis mixedviT saqarTveloSi (t/ha) 

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

yurZeni 4.0 3.6 4.9 3.2 4.5 3.9 

saSualo mosavlianoba (t/ha-ze) 2003-2007 wlebSi iqneba 4.05; 1 tona yurZnis 

sabazro fasia 500 lari (ufro zustad, 1 kg yurZeni Rirs 0.43-0.45 lari); bolo 

wlis mosavlainobaa 3.9 t/ha-ze; dazRvevis done aviRoT 75%. 

garantia: 4.05*0.75=3.04; yvela im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mosavlianoba 3.04t/ha-ze 

naklebi iqneba, moxdeba sagarantio anazRaureba. 

1 www.agrocropinsurance.com 

82

sagarantio anazRaurebis moculoba: 3.04_3.9=-0.86 (t/ha). radgan mosavlis raodenoba 

aRemateba sagarantio raodenobas, ar moxdeba aranairi gadaxda. 

amave meTodiT gamovTvaloT Tanxis is raodenobebi, romelsac polisi gadaixdis 

TiToeul ha-ze, sxvadasxva mosavlianobis pirobebSi. miRebuli Sedegebi mocemulia me- 

2 cxrilSi. 

cxrili 2 

dafarvis moculoba 

mosavali 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 

3.5 0 0 0 0 0 

2.9 70 0 0 0 0 

2.5 270 165 65 0 0 

1.9 570 465 365 265 165 

0 1520 1415 1315 1215 1115 

yurZnis mosavlis katastrofebisagan sazRvevis raodenoba iqneba: 4.05*0.50=2.03 

(t/ha); ar moxdeba gadaxda mosavlis Semdegi raodenobebis dros: 3.5, 2.9, 2.5 t/ha-ze. 

1.9 t/ha-ze mosavlis raodenobis dros anazRaurdeba 35.75 lari heqtarze; 

2.03_1.9=0.13 (tona zarali heqtarze); 0.13*275=35.75 (lari anazRaureba heqtarze); 

0 t/ha-ze mosavlis raodenobis dros anazRaurdeba 558.25 lari heqtarze. 

Amosavlis aRricxvianobis meTodebi. mosavlianobis kargi maCvenebeli zrdis 

mosavlis dazRvevis warmatebulobas. oTxi an meti wlis manZilze sertificirebuli 

realuri mosavalwarmoebis maCveneblebi (APH), mosavlis maCveneblebis saSualo 

ariTmetikuli (aT wlamde) Seadgens dazRvevis safuZvels. Tu ar arsebobs oTxi 

wlis sertificirebuli maCveneblebi, igi Sualeduri mosavliT Canacvldeba, ramac 

SesaZloa Seamciros dafarvis moculoba. sadazRvevo garantia swored am maCveneblebs 

eyrdnoba. monacemTa baza moicavs minimum oTx da maqsimum aTi wlis mosavlianobis 

maCveneblebs da farTobis raodenobebs. Tu ar moipoveba oTxi wlis realuri 

mosavlis maCvenebeli, aq Sualeduri mosavali Canacvldeba. 

Sualeduri “T” mosavlis moculoba aRebulia 1-3 wlis realur mosavalTan erTad 

4 wlis monacemTa bazis Sesaqmnelad. Tu ar arsebobs aRniSnuli monacemebi, viRebT 

oTxi “T” mosavlis 65%-s. an: erTi realuri wlis mosavlis maCvenebeli da sami “T” 

mosavlis 80%; ori realuri wlis mosavlis maCveneblebi da ori “T” mosavlis 90%; 

sami realuri wlis mosavlis maCveneblebi da erTi “T” mosavlis 100%. 

Tu ar arsebobs zusti monacemebi ukanaskneli 4 wlis manZilze xorblis 

mosavlianobis Sesaxeb, oTxive wlisTvis vigebT “T” Sualedur mosavals. vTqvaT, 

cnobilia, rom TiToeuli wlis mosavlianoba ar aRemateba 1.5 tona/heqtars da metia 

0.4 tona/heqtarze. am SemTxvevaSi SegviZlia aviRoT 1.5-isa da 0.4-is saSualos 65% 

TiToeuli wlisTvis. es udris 0.13 (0.2*0.65=0.13), e.i. saSualo mosavlianobaa 0.13 

83

t/ha. 100%-iani zaralis anazRaurebis SemTxvevaSi anazRaurdeba 75 lari heqtarze 

(0.1*750=75). 

Tu gvaqvs mxolod ori realuri wlis mosavlis maCveneblebi, danarCeni ori wlis 

maCveneblebi Canacvldeba “T” Sualeduri mosavlianobiT. magaliTad, viciT, rom meore 

da meoTxe wels xorblis zusti mosavlianobaa 0.8 da 1.2 t/ha, aviRebT am monacemebs 

da pirveli da mesame wlis “T” Sualeduri mosavlianobis 90%-s. vTqvaT, dadginda, 

rom am wlebSi Sualeduri mosavlianoba aris 0.6 da 1.1 t/ha, maSin saSualo 

mosavlianoba iqneba: (0.8+1.2+0.6*0.90+1.1*0.90)/4=0.88 (t/ha). 75%-iani dafarvis 

donis da 100%-iani zaralis anazRurebis SemTxvevaSi anazRaureba Seadgens 495 lars 

heqtarze. 

rac ufro meti realuri mosavlianobis maCveneblebis sertificireba xdeba, miT 

maRalia asanazRaurebeli Tanxis raodenoba. me-3 cxrilis mixedviT, erTi wlis 

zusti monacemis damatebam asanazRaurebeli Tanxa 75 laridan 495 laramde gazarda. 

realuri mosavlianobis maCveneblebis serTificireba da asanazRaurebeli Tanxis 

raodenoba: 

cxrili 3 

maCveneblebis gareSe 

Ppirveli wlis mosavali 0.13 0.54 

meore wlis mosavali 0.13 0.8 

mesame wlis mosavali 0.13 0.99 

meoTxe wlis mosavali 0.13 1.2 

mTliani mosavali 0.52 3.53 

saSualo mosavali 0.13 0.88 

dafarvis done 75% 0.1 0.66 

maCveneblebiT 

mosavlis dazRvevis Cven mier ganxiluli meTodika gacilebiT ufro efeqtians 

xdis fermeris saqmianobas da aZlevs mas moqnili meurneobis warmoebis saSualebas. 

84

qarTuli mineraluri da mtknari wylebis 

konkurentunarianoba 1 

qeTevan jibuti 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm. sruli prof. e.xaraiSvili 

saqarTvelos teritoria mdidaria mineraluri wylebis bunebrivi resursebiT, maTi 

fizikur-qimiuri maCveneblebis mravalferovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZleba gamovyoT 

mineraluri wylebis bunebrivi maxasiaTeblebi: 1. saerTo mineralizacia; 2. ionuri 

Semadgenloba; 3. temperatura; 4. airis Semcveloba da sxva. 

mtknari miwisqveSa wylebi warmoadgens yvelaze Zvirfas wiaRiseuls da yvelaze 

saimedod dacul wyaros. aseTi wylebis raodenobis mxriv saqarTvelo erT-erTi umdidresi 

qveyanaa. miwisqveSa mtknari wylebis udides nawils Seadgens–sasmeli wylebi (95%). sasmeli 

wylebi farTod, magram araTanabradaa gavrcelebuli saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze. maTi 

saerTo raodenobis 63.4% modis dasavleT saqarTveloze, 24.1% aRmosavleT saqarTveloze, 

xolo 12.5% samxreT saqarTveloze. 

bunebrivi resursebis siuxvidan gamomdinare mineraluri da mtknari wylebis 

Camomsxmeli sawarmoebis ricxvi sakmod didia. adgilobriv bazarze erTmaneTs konkurencias 

uwevs daaxloebiT TxuTmetamde kompania, maTgan aRsaniSnavia: mineraluri wylebis warmoeba 

,,GG&MW”, ss ,,wyali margebeli”; samkurnalo-sufris mineraluri wylebis Sps ,,sairme 

mineral voters”, Sps ,,sicocxlis wyaro”; sufris wylebis Camomsxmeli Sps ,,koka-kola 

boTlers jorjia”; Sps ,,progresi 2000” da a.S. 

produqciis mravalferovnebis TvalsazrisiT aRsaniSnavia ,,GG&MW”, romelic 

awarmoebs rogorc mineralur, mineralur-sufris, aseve sufris wylebis Camosxmas. 

TiToeuli saxis produqciis warmoebas igi axdens sxvadasxva qarxanaSi. dReisaTvis Qq. 

borjomSi 3 Camomsxmeli qarxanaa. #1 qarxanaSi saSualod weliwadSi minis boTlebSi 200 

mln boTlis Camosxma xorcieldeba, #2 qarxanaSi - plastmasis 150 mln boTli, xolo #3 

qarxanaSi xorcieldeba ,,likanis” Camosxma. amis Sesabamisad borjomis xeobaSi 3 

saeqsploatacio WaburRili mdebareobs, romlis nomeri da mdebareoba produqciis etiketzea 

miTiTebuli. yoveli WaburRili TviTCamosxmis reJimSi funqcionirebs, e.i. moipoveba wylis 

zustad is raodenoba, rac miwis zedapirze mxolod bunebrivi gziT amodis. kompamniis 

ZiriTadi produqti aris mineraluri wyali ,,borjomi”, romelsac warmoebis moculobis 

mixedviT pirveli adgili ukavia qarTul mineralur wylebs Soris. igi agreTve gamoirCeva 

metad originaluri da iSviaTi SemadgenlobiT, mas xSirad adareben viSis (safrangeTis) 

mineralur wyals. 

meore umsxvilesi mwarmoebeli mineraluri wylebisa qarTul sabazro sivrceSi aris ss 

,,wyali margebeli“. igi 1998 wels gamoCnda bazarze erTlitriani plastikisa da 



85

naxevarlitriani SuSis boTliT. dRes kompania bazarze warmodgenilia Semdegi mineraluri 

wylebiT: ,,nabeRlavis“ 0.5 l minis, 0.5 l, 1.0 l PET da wyaros wylis ,,baxmaros” 0.5 PET, 

1.5 PET, 5.0 PET, 19.0 PET tevadobis tariT. ,,nabeRlavis” mineraluri wyali naxSirmJavahidrokarbonatul-natrium-kalciumiani 

tipis wylebs miekuTvneba. ,,nabeRlavis” wylis 

sabadoebi ganlagebulia Coxatauris raionis sof. nabeRlavSi qarxnis teritoriaze, rac 

saSualebas iZleva qarxanaSi wyali TviTdinebiT Sevides. saaqcio sazogadoeba ,,wyali 

margebeli” dReisaTvis amuSavebs 2 qarxanas. sawarmoo procesis gaumjobesebisaTvis man 2004 

wels SeiZina Camomsxmeli xazi germanuli lideri mwarmoeblisgan ,,krosme-krones”-sagan. aman 

saSualeba misca kompanias maqsimalurad aeTvisebina damtkicebuli maragebi da adgilobriv 

bazarze momxmarebelTa didi raodenoba moezida. aRniSnulze metyvelebs internet 

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi, romlis mixedviTac momxmarebelTa daaxloebiT 56% upiratesobas 

swored ,,nabeRlavs” aniWebs. 1 

რომელ მინერალურ თუ სუფრის წყალს 

მიირთმევთ ყველაზე ხშირად? 

ლიკანი 

23% 

საირმე 

3% 

სხვა 

3% 

ბონაქვა 

2% 

ბორჯომი 

13% 

ნაბეღლავი 

56% 

ბორჯომი 

ნაბეღლავი 

საირმე 

ლიკანი 

ბონაქვა 

სხვა 

warmoebuli produqciis raodenobis mixedviT mesame adgili uWiravs kompania 

,,progresi 2000”-s, romelic axorcielebs hidrokarbonatul-kalciumiani, aragazirebuli 

wylis ,,raWis wyaroebis” Camosxmas. kompania bazarze warmodgenilia 0.5 l, 1.5 l, 5.0 l PET 

boTlebiT, misi mineralizaciaa 0.36-0.44 gr/l da weliwadSi saSualod, adgilobriv bazarze, 

1.2 mln boTlis (0.5 l) realizacias axorcielebs. 

Sps ,,progresi 2000”-is konkurentad SeiZleba ganvixiloT ,,koka-kola biTlers 

jorjia”, romelic awarmoebs aragazirebuli sufris wyals ,,BONAQUA”. misi mineralizacia 

ar aRemateba 0.55 gr/l-s da bazarze warmodgenilia 0.5 l da 1.5 l plastmasis tariT. rac 

Seexeba samkurnalo-sufris wylis Camosxmas Sps ,,sicocxlis wyaros”, mis mier iwarmoeba 

hidrokarbonatuli-kalcium-magniumiani mineraluri wyali ,,flate”, romlis saerTo 

mineralizaciaa 1.7-2.7 gr/l. xolo Sps ,,sairme mineral voters”-is mier warmoebuli 

gazirebuli mineraluri wyali ,,sairme”-s mineralizaciaa 2.4–5.0 gr/l, da isxmeba 1.0l PET 

boTlSi. kompania ZiriTadad orientirebulia adgilobriv bazarze da wliurad daaxloebiT 

500000 boTlis realizacias anxorcielebs. 

1 gamokiTxva Catarda 20.03-dan 26.03-mde 2008 wels. 

gamokiTxulia 1182 momxmarebeli. 

86

sabazro koniuqturis gaTvaliswinebisa da warmoebis bunebriv ekonomikuri pirobebidan 

gamomdinare, aucilebelia ganisazRvros ra saxeobisa da odenobis produqciis warmoebaa 

SesaZlebeli qveyanasa da mocemul regionSi. es, Tavis mxriv, xels Seuwyobs 

konkurentunariani produqciis warmoebas, romelic gankuTvnili iqneba rogorc adgilobrivi, 

aseve saerTaSoriso bazrebisaTvis. produqciis xarisxi da saerTaSoriso bazarze misi 

konkurentunarianoba gansazRvravs mis saeqsporto potencials. am TvalsazrisiT mineraluri 

wylebis warmoebas erT-erTi wamyvani pozicia ukavia saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi. saqarTvelos 

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros monacemebis mixedviT, 2005 wels ZiriTadi saeqsporto 

produqciis aTeulSi Sedioda mineraluri wylebi, romlis Rirebuleba iyo 32.5 mln aSS 

dolari. swored am wels dafiqsirda, bolo eqvsi wlis manZilze eqsportirebuli 

mineraluri wylebis didi moculoba raodenobriv gamosaxulebaSi. saqarTvelos statistikis 

saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebis mixedviT am maCvenebelma 33.0 mln. litrs miaRwia. 1 

2006 wlisaTvis kompania ,,GG&MW” 235 mln boTlis warmoebas varaudobda, rac wina welTan 

SedarebiT 50%-ian zrdas warmoadgenda. produqciis 80% gadioda eqsportze, xolo 65% 

rusuli bazrisTvis iyo gankuTvnili. ruseTis bazarze arsebuli 700 saxis mineralur wyals 

Soris ,,GG&MW” kompaniis mier warmoebul produqcias ,,borjoms“ gayidvebis mixedviT 

mesame adgili ekava. igi CamorCeboda mxolod ,,BONAQUA“_sa da ,,AQUA MINERALE“-s. 2005 

wels kompania ,,GG&MW” mTlianma amonagebma 120 mln dolari Seadgina. 2006 wlis maisSi 

ruseTis mier mineraluri wylebis importis akrZalvam sagrZnoblad Seamcira eqsportis 

moculoba. 

მინერალური წყლების ექპორტი 

35000 

30000 

25000 

20000 

15000 

10000 

5000 

0 

32481 

24048 

25354 

19675 19305 

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 

saqarTvelos statistikis saxemwifo departamentis cnobiT 2005 wels ,,borjomis“ 

mwarmoebelma saqarTvelos minisa da mineraluri wylebis kompaniam ruseTSi 22.1 mln aSS 

dolaris Rirebulebis produqcia Seitana. 2006 wlis pirveli sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi ki _ 

7.7 mln aSS dolaris Rirebulebis. am akrZalvis Sedegad mineraluri wylebis mwarmoeblebma 

sagareo bazris mniSvnelovani nawili dakarges, razec metyvelebs statistikis departamentis 

monacemebi ruseTis bazarze akrZaluli produqciis eqsportis Sesaxeb. 2 

1 saqarTvelos statistikis saxemwifo departamenti. kvartaluri biuleteni. Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 39. 

2 statistikuri biuleteni #34. sasursaTo uzrunvelyofis mdgomareoba. tendenciebi cifrebSi. 

Tbilisi, 2008w, gv. 8. 

87

რუსეთის ბაზარზე აკრძალული ქართული 

პროდუქციის ექსპორტი (ათასი ტონა) 

35 

30 

25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

0 

33 

24,2 

21,7 

21,6 

24,6 

15,6 

15,1 

10,6 

6,3 6 

3,8 

1,3 1,7 0,7 0,9 

4,2 

1,6 2,7 1,8 

10,2 

3 

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

მინერალური წყლები ღვინო ხილი 

miuxedavad ekonomikuri sanqciebis dawesebiT warmoqmnili siZneleebisa ,,borjomis“ 

eqsporti ukrainaSi 50%-iT gaizarda, azerbaijanSi - 60%-iT, aseve gavida axal bazrebze 

(CexeTi, bulgareTi, monRoleTi, uzbekeTi, tajikeTi da a.S.). 2007 wels saqarTvelos minisa 

da mineraluri wylebis kompaniam Tavisi produqcia (borjomi, borjomis wayaroebi, likani, 

bakuriani) 130 milion boTlamde awarmoa, romlis 80% eqsportirebul iqna. ss ,,wyalma 

margebelma” warmoebuli produqtis mxolod 20% gaitana saeqsportod. rac Seexeba raWis 

wyaroebs, Coxataursa da sairmis mineralur wylebs, maTi realizacia adgilobriv bazarze 

moxda. 

meoce saukunis 80-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi yovelwliurad Camoisxmeboda daaxloebiT 

400–500 milioni (0.5 l) boTli mineraluri wyali, maT Soris 300–350 milioni boTli 

,,borjomi”, romlis 30%-s iTvisebda saqarTvelo, xolo danarCenis eqsportireba xorcieldeboda 

yofil sabWoTa respublikebSi da sazRvargareT (10-12 mln boTli). 1991 wlidan 

warmoiqmna falsifikaciis problema, am periodidan Semcirda mineraluri wylebis Camomsxmeli 

qarxnebis sawarmoo simZlavre da faqtobrivad Sewyda zogierTis miwodeba armarto 

ucxoeTis, aramed adgilobriv bazarze. aman xeli Seuwyo falsificirebuli produqciis 

warmoebasa da realizacias. negatiur Sedegebze metyvelebs 1990-1995 wlebSi mineraluri 

wylebis Camomsxmeli qarxnebis sawarmoo simZlavreebis Semcireba. adgilobrivi sawarmoebi 

moumzadeblebi aRmoCdnen sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi muSaobisaTvis. warmoebis Semcirebis 

ZiriTadi mizezebi am periodSi iyo minis taris ukmarisoba, energomatareblebis simcire 

(igulisxmeba energia da sawvavi), ar xdeboda kooperativebis mier Camosxmuli mineraluri 

wylebis raodenobis Sesaxeb informaciis mopoveba, savaWro obieqtebze produqciis Senaxvis 

aradamakmayofilebeli pirobebi, sarealizacio bazrebis uqonloba da a.S. 

1996 wlidan iwyeba saqarTveloSi mineraluri wylebis warmoebis aRmasvla. 2002 wels 

Camoisxa 80.45 mln boTli mineraluri wyali. TandaTanobiT farTovdeboda produqciis 

asortimenti. am periodSi aTvisebuli iyo dabali mineralizaciis sasmeli wylebis warmoeba. 

2006 wels ki ruseTis bazarze xelovnurad warmoqmnilma barierebma xeli Seuwyo 

falsificirebuli produqciis warmoebasa da realizacias. falsifikaciis procesis dawyebis 

88

erT-erTi mTavar mizezad 90-ian wlebSi SeiZleba miviCnioT mineralur wyal ,,borjomze” 

moTxovnasa da miwodebas Soris warmoqmnili disbalansi. dReisTvis ki gansakuTrebulad 

mwvaved dgas falsifikaciis problema saqarTvelos farglebs gareT. amJamad ramdenime firma 

awarmoebs falsificirebuli produqciis Camosxmas ,,borjomis” etiketiT. realizdeba 

rogorc naturaluri mineraluri an ,,borjomis” tipis mineralizebuli wyali. 2006 wels 

kompania «Солярис-Аква Плюс»-ma daiwyo mineraluri wyali ,,Багиатти”-is gayidva, romlis 

etiketic zustad imeorebda amave bazarze sakmaod cnobili qarTuli mineraluri wylis 

,,borjomis“ etikets. misi Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 20 rubls, qarTuli mineraluri wylebis 

akrZalvamde ,,borjomis“ Rirebuleba ki 30 rubls Seadgenda. mineraluri wyali ,,Багиатти”-is 

etiketis Secvlamde aRniSnuli produqcia isxmeboda ramdenime arc Tu ise didi kompaniebis 

mier. etiketis Secvla moxda 2006 wlis aprilSi da gayidvebis moculoba rusul bazarze 

100 aTass ar aRemateboda TveSi. meore kompania romelic Seecada daekavebina ,,borjomis” 

sabazro sivrce rusul bazarze iyo ,,Русский Боржомъ”, romelmac daiwyo mineraluri wyali 

,,Нагутская-26” Camosxma. igi imeorebda ara marto etikets, aramed dasaxelebac TiTqmis igive 

hqonda, rac qarTul produqcias. minisa da mineraluri wylebis kompaniam saarbitraJo 

sasamarTloSi Seitana sarCeli saaqcio sazogadoeba ,,Русский Боржомъ"-is winaaRmdeg, raTa 

aekrZala saqarTvelos minisa da mineraluri wylebis kompaniis kuTvnili sasaqonlo niSnis 

gamoyeneba, kerZod kombinirebuli saxelwodeba, romelic Sedgeba sityvebiT ,,Боржомский“ da 

,,Боржомъ”, aseve TaRebiani Senoba da Sadrevani mwvane mTebis fonze. qarTuli kompaniis 

moTxovna iyo am sasaqonlo niSnis mqone produqciis warmoebis SeCereba, savaWro qselidan 

amoReba. kompaniis moTxovna sasamarTlom daakmayofila. 

2006 wels ruseTis bazris 12.3% ekava qarTul mineralur wyal ,,borjoms” xolo 

amave wlis mais-ivnisSi bazridan produqciis sruliad gaqrobiT moqmed kompaniebs gayidvebis 

moculoba gaezardaT. magaliTad: ,,Нарзан” 1%-iT gaizarda, ,,Новотерская Целебная", ,,Perrier” 

da ,,Архыз” zrdam 1% Seadgina, ,,BonAqua” - 2%, ,,Шишкин лес"-1,3%, ,,Aqua Minerale”-1%. rac 

Seexeba ,,Нагутская-26” da ,,Багиатти” analitikuri saagento ,,Бизнес Аналитика”-s monacemebSi, 

es produqcia saerTod ar aRmoCnda maTi mcire sabazro wilis gamo, Tumca ,,minisa da 

mineraluri wylebis kompania” maT sabazro wils 0.0007%-mde afasebs. 

zemoT ganxiluli orive SemTxveva asortimentuli da RirebulebiTi falsifikaciis 

naTel magaliTs warmoadgens. vinaidan asortimentili falsifikaciis dros xdeba garegnuli 

da Tvisebrivi niSnebiT namdvili produqciis mibaZva. xolo RirebulebiTis dros 

falsificirebuli produqti gacilebiT iafia namdvilTan SedarebiT. falsifikaciiT 

gamowveuli Sedegebi SeiZleba sakmaod mZime aRmoCndes rogorc momxmareblisaTvis aseve 

mwarmoebeli firmisTvis. 

falsificirebuli produqti ufro naklebi TviTRirebulebisaa amitom maT saSualeba 

eZlevaT daikavon bazris garkveuli nawili. es xels uwyobs arajansaR konkurencias, 

naturaluri produqciis mwarmoeblisaTvis warmoiqmneba barierebi, rac aferxebs produqciis 

realizacias. 

mtknari da mineraluri wylebis warmoeba saqarTveloSi erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi 

samewarmeo saqmianobaa, romelic regulirdeba saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis 

saministros mier miwis wiaRiT sargeblobis licenziis gacemiT. licenziaSi miTiTebulia is 

pirobebi, romelic xels Seuwyobs SezRuduli bunebrivi simdidris optimalur gamoyenebas. 

89

dReisaTvis sabadoebis debetebis sadReRamiso damtkicebuli maragebis bolomde aTviseba jerjerobiT 

ver xerxdeba. es ZiriTadad gamowveulia adgilobrivi bazris simciriT, ucxour 

bazrebze xelovnurad warmoqmnili barierebiT, falsifikaciiT da bevri sxva damabrkolebeli 

faqtorebiT. amave dros gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom sabazro ekonomikis dinamikur 

garemoSi udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba mwarmoebeli firmebis konkurentul upiratesobebs da 

maT gamoyenebas. konkurentuli upiratesobebi ki Tavis mxriv efuZneba: 

mecnierul-teqnikur miRwevebs da maT danergvas warmoebaSi; 

saerTaSoriso standartebis serTifikatebis miRebas; 

axali sasaqonlo niSnebis da etiketis Seqmnas; 

produqciis fasebs (rogorc saSinao aseve saerTaSoriso bazrebze) 

warmoebuli produqciis mravalferovnebis gazrdas da a.S. 

konkurentul upiratesobaTa ricxvis zrda aucilebelia ara marto adgilobriv bazarze 

lideri firmebisaTvis, aramed yvela mwarmoeblisaTvis. es xels Seuwyobs jansaRi 

konkurenciis ganviTarebas da saSualebas miscems firmebs Tavisuflad aiTvison ucxouri 

bazrebi. sakuTari resursuli potencialis gaTvaliswinebiT saqarTvelos SeuZlia 

mineraluri da mtknari wylebis erT-erTi wamyvani eqsportiori qveyana gaxdes msoflioSi. 

90

evropis biznes angelozTa qseli da saqarTvelo 1 

nino patariZe 

lili wverava 

salome samxaraZe 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. S. SaburiSvili 

ukanasknel aTwleulebamde àngelozi~ investorebi damoukideblad, faqtobrivad 

erTmaneTisagan izolirebulad muSaobdnen. amJamad mdgomareoba radikalurad Seicvala 

_ investorebma daiwyes gaerTianebebis (ZiriTadad asociaciebis) Seqmna. 2 biznesangelozTa 

asociaciebis (gaerTianebebis) Semdegi formebi arsebobs: 

1. `TiToeuli TavisTvis~; 

2. gaerTianeba demokratiuli wesebiT; 

3. èrTi yvelasaTvis, yvela erTisaTvis~. 3 

pirveli tipis gaerTianeba _ faqtobrivad aris wevr investorTa anu biznesangelozTa 

Sekreba. gaerTianebis wevrTa kreba ixilavs mewarmeTa mier dasafinanseblad 

warmodgenil proeqtebs da axdens maT gadarCevas. mas Semdeg, rac biznes-angelozebi 

gaecnobian samewarmeo proeqtebs, isini erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad iReben 

gadawyvetilebas SerCeuli proeqtis dafinansebis Sesaxeb. aseve, damoukideblad 

awyoben Sexvedrebs da molaparakebebs mewarmeebTan. am tipis asociaciis xelmZRvaneloba 

ar monawileobs mewarmeebis da `biznes-angelozebis~ urTierTobaSi. misi 

funqcia aris investiciuri garigebebis moculobebis zrda. 

meore tipis gaerTianebas hyavs aRmasrulebeli direqtori, romelic saqmis 

warmoebaze agebs pasuxs. mis StatSi SeiZleba iyos daqiravebuli muSakebi. maTTan 

erTad aRmasrulebeli direqtori ixilavs mewarmeTa ganacxadebas. xSirad biznesangelozebi 

TviTon sTavazoben gaerTianebis direqcias sasurvel proeqtebs. proeqtis 

damfinansebeli investorebi ayalibeben SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebas. 

gaerTianeba èrTi yvelasaTvis da yvela erTisaTvis,~ muSaobs venCuruli 

firmis formatSi. mas StatSi hyavs profesionali menejerebi, romlebic marTaven 

biznez-angelozebis kapitals. gaerTianebis menejeris rols xSirad asrulebs misi 

komiteti, romelSic gaerTianebis wevrebi Sedian. aRniSnuli komiteti detalurad 

ecnoba mewarmeebis biznes gegmebs da maT proeqtebs. am tipis gaerTianebebSi mewarmeebi 

awyoben proeqtis prezentacias, xolo dafinansebis sakiTxi kenWisyriT wydeba. 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna `saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri urTierTobebis~ sakaTedro studentur 

konferenciaze da daimsaxura saprizo adgili. 

2 S. SaburiSvili, rogor vipovoT `biznes-angelozi~ saqarTveloSi. Jurn. biznesi da kanonmdebloba, 

2008, #9, gv. 32-36. 

3 У. Д. Мазерлис, Б. Дж. Уотсон, Ф. Фаст, С. А. Гедеон, Эпоха Бизнес-ангелов. Практика работы бизнесангелских 

сетей, М, «Вершина», 2009. 

91

Tu investorTa umravlesobam gadawyvita warmodgenili proeqtis (proeqtebis) 

dafinanseba, maSin iqmneba dafinansebis fondi. 

biznes-angelozebis formaluri gaerTianebebis garda arseboben araformaluri 

gaerTianebebi. maTi Semadgenloba mcirericxovania (6-7 kaci). isini araformalur 

viTarebaSi ixilaven sainvesticio garigebebis SemoTavazebas, iReben dafinanseba-ardafinansebis 

gadawyvetilebebs da inawileben movaleobebs. 1 

biznes-angelozebi xSirad sindikatis formiT erTiandebian. es sindikatebi 

TiTqos venCurul firmebs waagavs, magram maTgan gansxvavebiT ufro mobiluria. ara 

aqvs rTuli da mouqneli mmarTvelobiTi struqtura. rodesac biznes-angelozebi Tvi- 

Ton xelmZRvaneloben sindikats, maSin isini venCurul fondebTan SedarebiT naklebxarjiania 

da samarTavadac martivi. sindikatSi 100 da meti investoric ki Sedis. 

masSi, Tavis mxriv, asociaciebi da kavSirebia gaerTianebuli. 2 

dResdReobiT, mTeli msoflios masStabiT arsebobs angelozTa uamravi 

asociacia: 2001-2003 wlebSi 300000-600000-mde àngelozTa” jgufebma Seqmnes 

adgilobrivi organizaciebi, 10-dan 150-mde akreditebuli investori dainteresda damwyeb 

firmebSi investirebiT. àngelozTa” pirveli asociacia Seiqmna inglisSi: – 

European Business Angel Association, romelic aerTianebs 27 wevrs; Angel Capital 

Association (ACA) - angelozuri kapitalis asociaciaa, romelic daarsda 2004 wels 

aSS-sa da kanadis angelozTa sainvesticio jgufebis mier. dRes is aerTianebs 165 

angelozTa jgufsa da 22 organizacias. 

msoflioSi arsebul àngelozTa~ asociaciebs Soris erT-erTi yvelaze 

mniSvnelovani da cnobilia evropis komisiis xelSewyobiT 1999 wels dafuZnebuli 

evropis binznes _ angelozTa qseli (EBAN) (ix. Naxazi 1). igi warmoadgens biznesangelozTa 

interesebs da damwyebi firmebis dafinansebis wyaroa. amJamad EBAN 

aerTianebs 26 qveynis 87 organizacias, warmoadgens daaxloebiT 250 korporaciul 

da 10000-ze met individ angelozs mTels evropaSi. 3 

EBAN-is funqcionireba da urTirTobebi mewarme-subieqtebTan 

evropis biznes-angelozTa qselis mTavari miznebia: 

‣ sawyisi kapitaliT evropuli biznesis uzrunvelyofa; 

‣ kvlevebis Caatareba, faqtebis da tendenciebis analizi; 

‣ saukeTeso praqtikis identificireba da gaziareba; 

‣ damwyebi sawarmoebisTvis biznes _ angelozTa qselis rolisa da xilvadobis 

gazrda; 

‣ sawarmoebSi sinergizmisa da qseluri SemTxvevebis ricxvis gazrda; 

‣ evropaSi profesiuli zrda-ganviTarebis xelSewyoba; 

1 А. Каширин, А. Семенов. В Поисках бизнес-ангела, М, «Вершина», 2008. 

2 Б. Хилл., Д. Пауэр., Бизнес-ангелы, М, «Эксмо», 2008. 

3 

www.eban.org 

92

‣ saerTaSoriso biznes-angelozebisa da damwyebi sawarmoebis saqmianobis xelSewyoba. 

nax. 1. 

mewarme 

qselTan kontaqti 

investiciebis miwodeba _ 

moTxovnis dakavSireba 

biznes-angelozi 

qselTan kontaqti 

biznes-winadadebebis 

analizi, proeqtis 

investorisTvis 

wardgena 

reziumes momzadeba 

investorisTvis 

investorTan 

molaparakebis 

momzadebis programa 

proeqtis 

prezentaciis 

momzadeba 

reziumes da bizneswinadadebis 

analizi 

investiciuri garigebebi 

biznes-treningi 

investiciuri 

prioritetebis 

indentifikacia 

biznes-angelozTa CarTva 

monacemTa bazaSi 

biznes-angelozis 

monawileoba 

prezentaciebSi, forumebSi 

da a.S. 

Tanadafinansebis 

programa 

dasaxelebuli asociaciis prezidentia entoni klarki, romelic aseve aris 

britaneTis biznes _ angelozTa gaerTianebis prezidenti. vice-prezidenti gaxlavT 

frangi qalbatoni brijit baumeni, romelic amave dros sakmaod warmatebuli dizaineri 

da moqmedi àngelozia~. mas ekuTvnis Zalian saintereso formula biznesangelozebze: 

A Business Angel = Heart and Money + Brain 

qalbaton brijitis azriT, àngelozi~ warmoudgenelia fulis, gulisa da 

tvinis gareSe. 1 

1 www.eban.org 

93

EBAN-is mmarTvelobiTi struqtura 3 sxadasxva rgols moicavs: generaluri 

asambleis wevrebi (52 sruluflebiani wevri), direqtorTa sabWo (19 wevri), aRmasrulebeli 

komiteti (6 wevri). asociaciis wevrebi arian: transnacionaluri, nacionaluri, 

regionuli da adgilobrivi biznes _ angelozTa qselebi; damwyebi firmebi; 

sxva organizaciebi, romlebic exmarebian damwyeb firmebs; biznes _ angelozTa qselis 

federaciebi. 

EBAN-Si Semavali qveynebis asociaciebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia ganviTarebis 

gansxvavebuli doneebi. am mxriv yvelaze srulyofili sistema aqvs gaerTianebul 

samefos, warmodgenils 34 asociaciiTa da asobiT qseliT; aseve kargad ganviTarebuli 

sistemebi gaaCnia safrangeTs, germanias, SvedeTs, belgias, fineTs, niderlandebs; 

SedarebiT mcire moTamaSeebi arian italia, espaneTi da portugalia; xolo umciresi 

bazrebi aqvs saberZneTsa da portugalias. 

2006 wlidan moyolebuli EBAN yovel wels atarebs dajildovebis ceremonials. 

jildoebi gaicema sxvadasxva nominaciaSi. magaliTad, 2008 wels saukeTeso 

gundis wodeba moipova Greater London Enterprise (UK); wlis saukeTeso biznes-angelozi 

gaxda Sotladieli nelson grei, saukeTeso sindikati - SvedeTis venCuruli 

kapitalis asociacia; xolo saukeTeso axali iniciativa - The ready for equity, project 

(EU). 2008 wels gamarTul `finansuri inovaciis~ forumze ki Tavad EBAN-ma miiRo 

jildo wevr àngelozTa~ Soris dadebiTi gamocdilebis gaziarebisaTvis. 

EBAN-s mWidro kavSiri aqvs evrogaerTianebis administraciasTan, aseve dialogs 

awarmoebs evropis komisiis warmomadgenlebTan da evroinvestirebis fondTan. 

evrokomisiis mier organizebul `finansuri inovaciis” forumze miiRes deklaracia, 

romelic cnobs biznes-angelozTa mzard rols da rekomendacias uwevs maT, rogorc 

biznesis ganviTarebis adreul etapze saukeTeso, aprobirebul saSualebas. 

esDdeklaracia damtkicda evropis ministrTa sabWos mier. 

2008 wels EBAN-ma partnioruli SeTanxmeba gaaforma 4 organizaciasTan: 

angelozebis kapitalis asociacia (ACA), mecnieruli biznesi, mcire da saSualo 

sawarmoebis saerTaSoriso qseli (INSME), menejmentis ganviTarebis upiratesobis 

saerTaSoriso qseli (EFMD). asociaciis wevrebisaTvis es partniorebi warmoadgens 

mzard SesaZleblobebs, romelTac aqvT unari Sevidnen axal miznobriv auditoriebSi, 

moipovon informacia uaxles movlenebze, gaxdnen adgilobriv gaerTianebebis wevrebi 

da a.S. 

2008 wels EBAN-is sponsorebi iyvnen: PERA - The INOVATION NETWORK, 

konsaltinguri kompania teqnologiur ganviTarebasa da industriaSi, romelic 

daarsebulia did britaneTSi; ANGELSOFT - amerikuli kompania lideri kompiuterul 

teqnologiebSi; Greater London Interprise (GLE) - komerciuli da konstitucionaluri, 

damoukidebeli ekonomikuri ganviTarebis kompania; regionaluri ganviTarebis 

evropuli asociacia (EURADA), daarsebuli briuselSi. 

94

evropis biznes-angelozTa bazrebze SeiniSneba Semdegi tendenciebi: garigebebis 

mzardi tendencia, magram individi investorebis mier investirebis klebadi moculoba; 

meti mcire zomis investicia; investirebis mzardi done sindikatebSi; biznes-angelozebis 

mxridan izrdeba paketirebuli garigebebis ricxvi; bazris organizeba. 

asociaciaSi Semavali qselebi sxvadasxva gziT zrdian angelozur investiciebze 

moTxovnas: investirebis programebi, investorTa programebi da sindikatebi. 

investirebis programebi iTvaliswinebs sawarmoebis momzadebas investirebisTvis. magaliTad, 

biznes-gegmebis momzadeba, treiningebi, prezentaciebi da a.S. SesaZlebelia 

struqturuli programebic. investorTa programebi gulisxmobs maT ganaTlebas àngelozebis~ 

investiciebis sferoSi: rCevebi, Sexvedrebi arsebul angelozebTan, sagadasaxado 

sistemis Seswavla; sindikati – angelozTa jgufi, romlebic erTad afinanseben. 

evropaSi biznes-angelozTa asociaciebis raodenoba wlidan wlamde izreba. Tu 

2000 wels maTi ricxvi mxolod 125 iyo, 2005 wlisTavis ukve 225 asociacia 

arsebobda. 2008 wlis monacemebiT ki maTma ricxvma 297-s miaRwia. amave wels 

EBAN-ma gaanaliza 170 maTganidan miRebuli informacia da miiRo Semdegi monacemebi: 

yvelaze bevri àngelozTa~ qseli arsebobda safrangeTSi (54), did britaneTSi (22), 

SotlandiaSi (18); yvelaze meti garigeba daido SotlandiaSi (388), safrangeTsa 

(214) da italiaSi (102); yvelaze meti qseluri biznes-angelozia SotlandiaSi 

(4991), safrangeTsa (3600) da portugaliaSi (1904), xolo yvelaze meti investicia 

ganaxorcieles didi britaneTis (73 071 506 evro), Sotlandiisa (41 304 000 evro) 

da safrangeTis (37 000 000 evro) àngelozebma~. 1 

EBAN-Si Semavali asociaciebis mier mTeli msoflios masStabiT xorcieldeba 

uamravi damwyebi firmisa da biznes-ideis dafinanseba. erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi EBANis 

wevri asociaciebi da qselebi aTasobiT firmasa da biznes ideas afinanseben. marTalia, 

am organizaciebis saqmianobis umravlesoba warumateblad mTavrdeba, magram 

arsebobs iseTi firmebic, romlebmac Zalian did warmatebebs miaRwies mTeli msoflios 

masStabiT. magaliTad, Skype, Apple, amazon.com, Google, HP, DELL, The Body 

Shop, Alter Eco, Vista Print, innocent da a.S. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos prezidentis samecniero grantebi axalgazrda 

mecnierTaTvis proeqtis _ àngelozebis~ roli qarTuli biznesis ganviTarebaSi, romlis 

ganmaxorcielebeli organizaciaa ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo 

universiteti, xolo donori _ saqarTvelos erovnuli samecniero fondi _ 

farglebSi dagegmilia `saqarTvelos biznes-angelozTa asociaciis~ Seqmna. asociaciis 

miznebi iqneba: 

_ saqarTveloSi perspeqtiuli saqmiani ideebis praqtikuli realizaciis 

SesaZleblobebis gazrda; 

1 

www.eban.org 

95

_ saqarTveloSi biznes-angelozebis saqmianobis xelsayreli ekonomikuri da 

samarTlebrivi garemos formirebis xelSewyoba; 

_ biznes-angelozebis institutis ganviTareba da maTi interesebis dacva; 

_ saxelisuflebo organoebSi, masobrivi informaciis saSualebebsa da samewarmeo 

wreebSi asociaciis wevrebis interesebis warmodgena; 

_ biznes-angelozebs Soris sasargeblo kontaqtebis, informaciis gacvla da 

gamocdilebis gaziareba; 

_ saqarTvelos da ucxoeTis biznes-angelozebs Soris TanamSromlobis 

koordinacia; 

_ biznes-angelozebis da investiciebis maZieblebis kvalifikaciis amaRleba; 

_ biznes-angelozebis konferenciebis, seminarebis, forumebis da bazrobebis 

Catareba; 

_ biznes-angelozebis sainvesticio SesaZleblobebis gaerTianebis xelSewyoba 

da koleqtiuri investirebis formebis ganviTareba; 

_ biznes-angelozebisa da mewarmeebis daxmareba inovaciuri proeqtebis 

marTvaSi, maTi uzrunvelyofa kvalificiuri sakonsultacio momsaxurebiT da 

kadrebiT; 

_ perspeqtiuli samewarmeo ideebis moZieba da eqspertiza (SerCeva, winaswari 

Seswavla, detaluri Semowmeba, monitoringi); 

_ biznes-angelozTa adgilobrivi qselebis Seqmna da ganviTareba; 

_ biznes-angelozTa saerTaSoriso qselebSi integrireba. 

asociaciis mTavari prioriteti iqneba evropis biznes-angelozTa qselsa da 

evropis venCuruli kapitalis asociaciaSi gawevrianeba, rac xels Seuwyobs 

saqarTveloSi `saTesle~ investiciebis sferoSi mowinave saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis 

gaziarebas, evropul institutebSi integracias, erToblivi proeqtebis ganxorcielebasa 

da maRalteqnologiuri ucxouri investiciebis mozidvas. asociaciisa da 

universitetis bazaze Sesabamisi samagistro programis momzadebiT, agreTve, 

treningebis organizebiTa da konsaltingis sxva formebis gamoyenebiT ganxorcieldeba 

inovaciuri menejmentis sferoSi specialistTa kvalifikaciis amaRleba. moxdeba 

samecniero kvlevaTa evropuli sivrcis standartebTan miaxloeba, rac evrokavSiris 

samezoblo politikis samoqmedo gegmis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi Semadgeneli 

nawili da saqarTvelos ekonomikis inovaciuri ganviTarebis modelze gadasvlis 

sawindaria. 

96

transnacionaluri kompaniebi saqarTvelos 

ekonomikaSi 1 

nika grZeliSvili 

SoTa kupataZe 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: asist. prof. d. sixaruliZe 

kapitalis saerTaSoriso moZraoba da misi aqtiuri migracia Tanamedrove 

msoflio ekonomikis mniSvnelovani nawilia, am procesSi tnk-ebis roli 

mniSvnelovnad izrdeba. tnk es aris firma ,romelic akontrolebs aqtivebs, 

axdens saqonlis da momsaxurebis warmoebas erTze met qveyanaSi. tnk-ebis 

sagareo bazarze gasvlis umTavresi saSualeba aris pirdapiri ucxouri 

investiciebi, (pui). aseTi investiciebi aris msoflio ekonomikaSi, rogorc 

eqsportiori, aseve importiori qveynis integraciis da maTi konkurentuli 

upiratesobebis realizaciis umTavresi saSualeba. P 

pui-s gavlena ekonomikaze Zalian didia, ekonomikuri zrdis 

uzrunvelyofaSi pui-s Sefasebas xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. erT-erTi meTodia 

leontievis modeli, romlis mixedviT sabaziso wlis faqtobrivi mdgomareobis 

miuxedavad, gardatexis wertili ekonomikaSi ar miiRweva manam, sanam qveyanaSi 

ucxouri investiciebis saSualo wliuri tempi ar iqneba daaxloebiT mSp-s 5%, 

xolo momdevno wlebSi stabilurad unda xdebodes misi zrda. mniSvnelovania 

is faqtic rom gardamavali ekonomikis qveynebSi gadamwyvetia ara imdenad 

importirebuli kapitalis moculoba, ramdenadac misi ganawileba dargebis da 

seqtorebis mixedviT. zogadad pui sasargebloa maSin, roca mTliani investiciebi 

pui-is zrdis paralelurad izrdeba, da xdeba axali teqnologiebis da 

menejeruli unar_Cvevebis aTviseba., Tumca transnacionaluri kapitalis 

Tavisufalma gadaadgilebam SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas erovnuli valutis 

stabilurobas da qveynis finansur sistemas, 

tnk-ebis saqmianobis motivacia SeiZleba 4 tipad warmovadginoT: 

1. resursebis maZieblebi 

2. bazris maZieblebi 

3. efeqtianobis maZieblebi 

4. strategiuli aqtivebis maZieblebi 

resursebis maZieblebi arian sawarmoebi romlebic ucxoeTSi axdenen 

investirebas im mizniT rom miiRon maTTvis gansakuTrebuli resursebi ufro 

dabali realuri QRirebulebiT, vidre sakuTar qveyanaSi, 

saqarTveloSi pirdapir ucxour investirebas dRemde ZiriTadad swored 

resursebis maZieblebi axorcieleben. saqarTveloSi bevri auTvisebeli resursia 

da maTi aTviseba adgilobrivi saxsreboT ver xerxdeba, Sesabamisad ucxoel 

investorebs eZlevaT saSualeba aiTvison es resursebi da miiRon sargebeli. 



97

azris maZieblebi arian sawarmoebi, romlebic invetirebas axdenen romelime 

konkretul qveyanaSi an regionSi, raTa uzrunvelyon saqonlis an momsaxurebis 

miwodeba am qveynis an mezobeli qveynebis bazrebze. Uunda aRiniSnos 

rom miuxedavad saqarTvelos bazris mcire moculobisa, saqarTveloSi ucxouri 

firmebis erTi nawili swored adgilobriv bazarze moTxovnis dakmayofilebis 

mizniT Semovidnen, (jeoseli, gazpromi, lukoili). 

efeqtianobis maZieblebi pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis saSualebiT 

kompaniis efeqtianobis amaRleba gulisxmobs resursebis imgvarad ganawilebas 

rom moxdes maqsimaluri ukugebis miReba, rac riskebis diversificirebiT 

miiRweva. aseTi tnk-ebi saqarTveloSi ar muSaoben. 

strategiuli aqtivebis maZieblebi tnk-ebis bolo tipia, da gulisxmobs 

mocemuli kompaniis mier ucxouri korporaciis aqtivebis aTvisebas da misi 

GgrZelvadiani strategiuli miznebis , gansakuTrebiT ki konkurentunarianobis 

SenarCunebas. 

saqarTveloSi ucxouri investiciebis udidesi nawili swored investorTa 

aRniSnul jgufs ekuTvnis, maT Semosvlas ZiriTadad qveynis xelsayreli 

geografiuli mdebareoba ganapirobebs, igi uZvelesi “abreSumis gzis“ erT _ 

erTi sakvanZo punqtia, msoflio bazrebis damakavSirebeli sazRvao, sarkinigzo, 

saavtomobilo, milsadeni marSrutebi saqarTveloSi warmoebuli biznesisaTvis 

satransporto xarjebis Semcirebasa da farTo saerTaSoriso kavSirebis 

ganviTarebis winapirobaa. 

saqarTvelos teritoriaze uamravi tnk da tnb operirebs. Yyvelaze mZlavri 

tnk-ebi saTbob_energetikul kompleqsSi muSaobs, (“British Petroleum”, “Gazprom” 

,,Lukoili” da sxva). magaliTad; baqo_sufsis navTobsadenis mSeneblobaSi monawileobda 

12 umsxvilesi tnk. maT Soris - “Exxon”, Amoko, “Lukoili” da sxv. mniSvnelovani 

investiciebi ganxorcielda momsaxurebis sferoSi. Ffexi moikides saer- 

TaSoriso kompaniebma_ “Mariot”, “Sheraton”, “silk road grup”. Ggaixsna safirmo 

maRaziebi, “Mcdonalds” da tnk-ebis momsaxurebis centrebi. :” Sony”, “nokia”, “ hundai” . “ 

Toyota” , “ Nissan”. Dda a. S. dafuZndnen germaniis, TurqeTis, israelis, safinanso 

organizaciebi. 

sabanko seqtorSi Semovida transnacionaluri banki “Republic”. saqarTvelos 

telekomunikaciebis provaiderma, “kavkasus onlainma” da aSS–s tnk “tyco 

telecommunications” _ ma xeli moaweres kontrakqts zRvis fskerze 1100 km iani 

optikur-boWkovani sistemis mSeneblobaze, romelic saqarTvelos Savi zRvis 

navsadgurs bulgareTis qalaq varnasTan daakavSirebs, es sistema qarTul bazrebs 

Tanamedrove zRvisqveSa optikur-boWkovani kabeliT pirdapir daakavSirebs 

dasavleT evropasTan. mas SesaZlebloba eqneba TiTo wyvili boWkovani kabelis 

meSveobiT 6410 gigibaitis sagrZis talRebi gaataros. 

TbilisSi univermag “Tbilisis“ adgilas Sendeba komerciuli, gasarTobi 

da saqmiani centri “Willbrook platinum Tbilisi plaza”. Aaxal proeqts, romlis Rirebuleba 

100 mln dolaria, tnk “Willbrook Management International“ da arqiteqturisa 

da mSeneblobis menejmentSi msoflios erT-erTi wamyvani kompania “Bovis lend 

98

lease” axorcieleben. Ees proeqti 85 aTas kvadratul metrs daikavebs da masSi 

aTasamde adamiani dasaqmdeba. 

2007 wlamde izrdeba pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis moculoba, rac 

ganapiroba bolo periodSi SedarebiT stabilurma viTarebam, da metnaklebad 

warmatebulma reformebma. 

diagramaze kargad Cans pui-is zrdadi dinamika, samwuxarod Sedegi kargi 

ar aris, ar izrdeba eqsporti, ar xdeba Tanamedrove menejeruli unar-Cvevebis 

aTviseba, ar inergeba Tanamedrove teqnologiebi, izrdeba 

pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi saqarTveloSi 2000-2008 wlebSi 1 

Ddiagrama 1 

importi, sagadamxdelo balansis deficiti izrdeba, eqsporti imports 

daaxloebiT 4 jer CamorCeba, paradoqsulad Cans, izrdeba investiciebi, da 

izrdeba sagadamxdelo balansis deficiti. 

Ddeficiti ramdenime mizeziT aris ganpirobebuli: 

1. investiciebi ZiriTadad momsaxurebis sferoSia, sadac ar iqmneba 

maRali damatebiTi Rirebulebis produqcia, anu saeqsporto saqoneli ar iqmneba, 

ZiriTadad spekulaciuri kapitali moZraobs da ara produqtiuli. 

2. ucxour investiciebsa da adgilobriv investiciebs Soris 

konkurenciuli brZola ar mimdinareobs, rac ekonomikuri zrdis 

ganmapirobebeli faqtoria; 

3. ar aris kargi biznes-garemo rac xels Seuwyobs ufro meti 

produqtiuli investiciebis mozidvas. 

Cven CavatareT kvleva, gamovikiTxeT 100 respondenti (mecnierebi, 

studentebi da biznesmenebi) da SevimuSaveT biznes-garemos riskis saerTo 

indeqsis kriteriumebi, (politikuri stabiluroba, ekonomikuri zrda). K 

1 ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros statistikis departamenti 

99

kvlevis Sedegebi Semdegi saxisaa: 

gamokiTxuli respodentebis 43%-s miaCnia, rom qveyana maRali riskiT 

xasiaTdeba, rasac umravlesobis azriT politikuri arastabiluroba iwvevs. 25% 

Tvlis rom ekonomika moumwifebelia, 27%-is azriT, qveyana Zalze maRali riskiT 

xasiaTdeba, xolo 5%-is gagebiT, qveyanaSi naklebad xelsayreli garemoa 

inveticiebis ganxorcielebisaTvis. 

sainvesticio garemos Sefaseba 

Ddiagrama 2 

Zalzed maRali riski 

qveyana maRali riskiT 

moumwifebeli ekonomika 

SedarebiT naklebad 

xelsayreli garemo 

pui-s erT-erTi saintereso Tvisebaa Siga investiciebis ,,CaTrevis” didi 

SesaZlebloba. mocemuli efeqti moqmedebs Semdegi mimarTulebiT: sasaqonlo 

da finansur bazrebze konkurenciis stimulirebisa da mimReb qveyanaSi 

teqnikuri efeqtianobis gadidebis saSualebiT. tnk-ebs SeuZliaT Siga 

firmebis gaaqtiureba. es xdeba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aRweven ganviTarebadi 

qveynebis adgilobriv bazarze, sadac ukve saqmianobas eweva samamamulo firmebi. 

msxvil ganviTarebad qveynebSic ki, Siga bazari, rogorc wesi, ar aris didi da 

masze moqmedebs pirobebi, romelic ganapirobebs oligopolis an monopoliis 

ganviTarebas. aseT pirobebSi, adgilobriv bazarze ucxouri firmebis SeRwevas, 

romlebic floben Tanamedrove teqnologiebs, SeuZlia uzrunvelyos samamulo 

firmebis aqtiuroba, ubiZgos maT teqnologiuri efe-qtianobis gadidebisken. 

empiriuli analizi adasturebs, rom tnk-ebis SeRwevam rigi qveynis zogierT 

dargSi dadebiTi gavlena moaxdina adgilobrivi firmebis mwarmoeblurobaze. 

sxva mxriv cnobilia, rom calkeul SemTxvevaSi tnk-ebis SeRweva mimRebi qveynis 

zogierT dargSi zrdida sabazro koncentracias. Tavisi bunebidan gamomdinare tnkebi 

Cveulebriv moqmedeben im dargebSi, romelTac aqvT koncentraciis maRali done. 

garda amisa, maT SeuZliaT gamodevnon SedarebiT mcire an araefeqtiani samamulo 

firmebi. ganviTarebadi qveynebis SemTxvevaSi, pui-s mniSvnelovani nawili modis mcire 

da saSualo sawarmoebis STanTqmaze privatizebis an adgilobrivi kerZo firmebis 

gayidvis saSualebiT. aqedan gamomdinare, aris saSiSroeba, rom msxvilma tnk-ebma 

100

konkurentuli upiratesobisa da agresiuli taqtikis gamoyenebiT gamoiwvios sabazro 

koncetraciis gaZliereba da adgilobrivi warmoebis Seviwroeba. ra mdgomareobaa 

am mxriv saqarTveloSi? ramdenad didia ucxouri seqtoris investiciuri 

potenciali da ra gavlenas axdens pui saerTo sainvesticio aqtiurobaze? 

,,CaTrevis” da ,,gamodevnis” efeqtis analizi moiTxovs zogierTi raodenobrivi 

maCveneblis gamo-yenebas. amisaTvis CavweroT tolobis ZiriTadi balansi: I t =D t +F t, 

sadac I _ investiciebis erToblivi normaa, D _ Siga investiciebis erToblivi wili 

mSp-Si, F _ ucxouri inve-sticiebis wili mSp-Si, t _ dro. 

Ppui-s martivi maxasiaTeblis mixedviT, Siga investiciebis formirebis 

TvalTaxedviT, SegviZlia gamoviyenoT Siga investiciebis absolituri 

elastikurobis koeficienti (E ) ucxourTan mimarTebiT. (ix. cxrili 1). 

E = ∆D/∆F (1) 

D da F mniSvnelobebSi Zlieri sxvaobis Tavidan acilebisaTvis, rasac 

adgili aqvs pui-s mozidvis sawyis stadiaze, SegviZlia gamoviyenoT Siga 

investiciebis SefardebiTi elastikurobis koeficienti (G) ucxourTan 

mimarTebiT. (ix. cxrili 7). 

G = (∆D/D) / (∆F/F) (2) 

Tu E > 0, maSin ekonomikaSi adgili aqvs ucxouri da Siga investiciebis 

multiplikaciur efeqts, rodesac pirveli CarTavs meores da amiT iZleva 

saSualebas miT ufro aqtiurad warmarTos kvlavwarmoebis procesi. aseT 

efeqts ewodeba ,,CaTrevis efeqti”. Tu E < 0, maSin adgili aqvs erTi saxeobis 

investiciebis mier meoreTi gamodevnas, e.i. ,,gamo-devnis efeqts”. im SemTxvevaSi, 

Tu ∆F < 0, da ∆D > 0, maSin Siga investiciebi STanTqaven ucxours, xolo ∆F > 

0, da ∆D < 0, piriqiT ucxouri investiciebi devnis adgilobrivs. naTelia, rom 

,,CaTrevis efeqti” niSnavs maqsimalurad komfortul sainvesticio klimats, 

xolo gamodevnis efeqti damaxa- siaTebelia iseTi situaciisaTvis, rodesac 

adgili aqvs Siga da ucxour investiciebs Soris konkurencias. 

qvemoT motanili cxrilis mixedviT gaangariSebuli maCveneblebi garkveul 

warmodgenas gviqmnian saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebul pui-is xasiaTze. 

investiciebi ZiriTad kapitalSi saqarTveloSi 2000-2006 wlebSi (mln 

larebSi) 1 

cxrili 1 

wlebi 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 

pirdapiri ucxouri 

2030,7 

259,8 227,3 367,0 728,0 958,2 814,1 

investiciebi 

Sida investiciebi 1318,6 1645,5 525 1559,7 1739,4 2447,3 1493,5 

mTliani investiciebi 1578,4 

1872,8 1892,0 2287,7 2697,6 3261,4 3524,2 

1 ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros statistikis departamenti 

101

ucxouri da Siga investiciebis elastikurobis maCvenebeli 

saqarTveloSi 1996-2006 wlebSi 

cxrili 2 

Ddrois intervali 

Eelastikurobis 

absoluturi koeficienti 

Eelastikurobis 

SefardebiTi koeficienti 

1996-1997 -0.195 -0.19 

1997-1998 0.206 0.09 

1998-1999 -0.865 -0.24 

1999-2000 -0.343 -0.4 

2001-2002 -0.85 -0.08 

2002-2003 0.96 0.07 

2003-2004 0.78 0.09 

2005-2006 -0.78 -0.06 

rogorc meore cxrilidan Cans, gamodevnis efeqti wlebis Sesabamisad 

aWarbebs CaTrevis efeqts. aqedan gamomdinare, saxelmwifo politika mimarTuli 

unda iyos imaze, rom qveyanaSi Seiqmnas maqsimalurad konkurentuli da 

komfortuli garemo sufTa transnacionaluri kapitalisTvis da moxdes qeynis 

mier im dadebiTi faqtorebis gamoyeneba, romelic Tan sdevs aRniSnuli saxis 

kapitalis moZraobas. swored is dadebiTi faqtorebi uzrunvelyofen qveynis 

ekonomikis grZelvadian zrdas. 

102

globaluri finansuri krizisi da saqarTvelo 1 

nino oqruaSvili 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. S. SaburiSvili 

bolo dros gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri gaxda msoflio ekonomikuri da 

finansuri krizisis Tema. gamoiTqva mravali mosazreba misi gamomwvevi mizezebisa da 

daZlevis saSualebebis Sesaxeb. mecnierTa erTi nawili yvelafris saTaved amerikis 

finansuri seqtoris gadaWarbebul zrdas asaxelebs. msoflio finansuri krizisis 

pirveli niSnebi 2006-2007 wlebSi gamoCnda. warmoiSva moxmarebis bumi, romelmac 

sakvebi produqtebis, navTobis da nedleulis fasi arnaxul niSnulebamde awia. amas 

moyva fasebis swrafi vardna, Semcirda navTobis, mravali sawarmoo mniSvnelobis 

nedleulisa da samomxmareblo saqonlis fasebi. sakredito da sabanko sistemis 

gadatvirtvis gamo warmoiSva ipoTekuri krizisi, romelmac Seanela ekonomikuri 

ganviTareba. jerjerobiT saxelmwifoTa da finansur dawesebulebaTa CareviT 

situacia regulirdeba, Tumca zemoqmedeba yovelTvis ver iqneba warmatebuli, 

mosalodnelia ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mkveTri Seferxeba da finansuri bazrebis 

gakotreba. 

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ciklurobasTan erTad mimdinare krizisis gamomwvev 

mizezad saxeldeba amerikis safinanso-sabanko sistemis kraxi. aSS-Si 2000-2004 

wlebis ekonomikuri aRmavlobisas sabanko sistemaSi Warbad dagrovda finansuri 

resursebi. saxelmwifo da bankebi uxvad gascemdnen egreTwodebul iaf sesxebs, raTa 

ekonomikuri zrdisTvis SeewyoT xeli da gaejerebinaT bazari iafi fuliT. amis 

Sedegad warmoiSva e.w. finansuri buSti. mravalma kreditorma Sewyvita kreditebis 

dafarva. faqtobrivad moaxloebuli krizisis cikli gaRrmavda. warmoSobilma 

inflaciam, kreditebisTvis aucilebeli kapitalis ZiriTadi wyaro _ moqalaqeebi, 

gadaxdisuunaro gaxada. 

bolo wlis manZilze sagrZnoblad daeca saerTaSoriso indeqsebis maCveneblebi. 

indeqsebis kleba axasiaTebs rogorc finansur kriziss, aseve recesias. amitom 

warmoiSoba dapirspireba: recesia ar iZleva saSualebas refinansirebis ganakveTi 

gaizardos, (cnobisTvis federaluri sarezervo sistemis refinansirebis ganakveTi 

aris 2%) 2 , xolo zrdadi inflacia moiTxovs refinansirebis wilis gazrdas. 

situacia stagflaciis xasiaTs iRebda. arsebobs safrTxe realuri seqtorisTvisackreditebi 

da dafinanseba mcirdeba, mcirdeba ndobac da sul ufro naklebi saSualeba 

rCeba kerZo biznesis dasafinanseblad. 



2 gazeTi “komersanti”, № 183(4000), 09.10.2008 

103

krizisi umTavresad Seexo amerikis finansur institutebs. xuTi wamyvani 

sainvesticio banki Tavisi pirvandeli formiT aRar arsebobs: Bear Stearns gaiyida, 

Lehman Brothers gakotrda, Merrill Lynch gaiyida, Goldman Sachs da Morgan Stanley-m 

ki Sewyvites sainvesticio saqmianoba maRal riskebTan da dafinansebis saWiroebidan 

gamomdinare. krizisis dasaZlevad da qveynis umTavresi bankebis gakotrebisgan 

dasacavad aSS mTavrobam sarezervo fondidan 250 miliardi dolari gamoyo 1 . agreTve 

gakeTda gancxadeba, rom aSS-s mTavroba Seisyidda strategiulad mniSvnelovani 

bankebis aqciebs. Tumca ekonomistTa umetesoba Tvlis rom aseTi saxis erTjeradi 

daxmarebebi ar iZleva realur safuZvels finansuri krizisidan gamosasvlelad. 

krizisi agreTve ganapiroba gauwonasworebelma finansurma politikam. 

aRmavlobis wlebis ganmavlobaSi SeiniSneboda finansuri nakadebis zrda, finansuri 

garigebebis mzardi tempi ar asaxavda ekonomikis realuri seqtorebis zrdas. 

faqtobrivad garigebebi ideboda ise, rom haeri da iluzia iyideboda. krizisis 

pirvelma dartymebma 2008 wlis zafxulSi iCina Tavi. daiwyo inflaciuri procesebi, 

romelic dolaridan gadaedo masTan mWidrod dakavSirebul savaluto da ekonomikur 

sistemebsac. fasebi mkveTrad avarda, Semdeg ki dacema daiwyo. 

navTobis gaZvirebam gazarda sxva produqciis fasic (magaliTad, kvebis produqtebis, 

radgan maTi transportirebis xarjebi gaizarda) Semcirda avtomobilebis Sesyidvebi. 

mravali sawarmo Semcirda an sruliad daixura. sawarmoo procesis Seferxebam 

resursebze moTxovna Seamcira, Sesabamisad Semcirda samompoveblo saqmianobac. 

udidesma navTobmompoveblebma gadawyvites navTobis mopovebis Semcireba, raTa fasebis 

niSnuli garkveul zRvarze SeenarCunebinaT. magaliTisTvis wlis dasawyisSi erTi 

bareli navTobis fasi aWarbebda 100$-s, 11 ivliss 147,27$, xolo 24 oqtombers erTi 

bareli navTobis fasi 61$-mde daeca. 

sawarmoo da sabanko sferoebis krizisma mravali momuSavis gaTavisufleba 

gamoiwvia. daixura sawarmoebi da mcire filialebi, kompaniebma xarjebis 

Sesamcireblad momuSaveTa gaTavisufleba daiwyes. aman kidev ufro Seamcira bankebis 

aqtivebi, agreTve Semcirda saxelmwifos Semosavali gadasaxadebidan. umuSevrobam aSS- 

Si 6 procentamde aiwia, Tumca varaudoben, rom es maCvenebeli momavalSi kidev 

aiwevs. Aman Tavis mxriv gaauaresa mosaxleobis msyidvelobiTunarianoba, erToblivma 

moTxovnam kidev ufro dabla daiwia da warmoebis moculobac mis kvaldakval 

Semcirda. 

amerikaSi dawyebuli krizisi maleve gadaedo evropas, romelsac mWidro 

finansuri da ekonomikri urTierTibebi qonda aSS-sTan. globaluri msoflios 

pirobebSi, rodesac arsebobs saerTaSoriso sawarmoebi da finansuri institutebi, 

erT adgilas dawyebuli tendencia sakmaod swrafad vrceldeba. dolaris kursis 

dacemam ganapiroba masTan dakavSirebuli valutebis kursis vardnac. mravali qveynis 

1 

www.k2kapital.com 

104

ankebs gaaCnda sagareo kreditebi, romlebic saerTo jamSi sakmaod did maCvenebels 

Seadgendnen. krizisis gamo bankebis realuri aqtivebi Semcirda da isini am sagareo 

kreditebis aragadaxdisunarianebi gaxdnen. evropis wamyvani bankebi gakotrebis piras 

aRmoCndnen. zogierTi qveynis mTavrobam strategiuli mniSvnelobis bankebis 

gadasarCenad maTi garantad dadgoma ikisra. Tumca zogi bankis sagareo vali am 

qveynis biujetsac ki aWarbebda, magaliTad, islandiis sami wamyvani bankis (Kaupthing, 

Glitnir da Landsbanki) sagareo vali 106 miliard dolars Seadgenda, roca mTliani Siga 

produqtis moculoba 14 miliardia. 1 

krizisis masStaburobis gamo wamyvani qveynebis mmarTvelma organoebma 

SeTanxmebul moqmedebebs mimarTes, gadawyda saprocento ganakveTebis Semcireba. am 

RonisZiebaze mxolod iaponiis centralurma bankma ganacxada uari. didi rvianis 

Sexvedrebze miRebul iqna gadawyvetilebebi, rom saerTaSoriso Tanamegobroba yvela 

Zalasa da resusrs ixmarda strategiuli mniSvnelobis finansuri institutebis 

kraxis Tavidan asacileblad. gadawyda agreTve, rom krizisidan gamosvlis dromde 

saxelmwifoebi daudgebodnen garantad bankebis mier mozidul kreditebs, kreditebi 

aRebul unda iqnes 5 wliani vadiT. sistemuri mniSvnelobis bankebis kapitalis 

Sesavsebad ki saxelmwifoebs miecaT ufleba SeesyidaT bankebis privilegirebuli 

aqciebi da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi biujetidan gamoeyoT daxmareba. 

krizisis gamo evropaSi ekonomika 0,2%-iT daeca. finansurma krizisma realur 

seqtorsac miayena dartyma. gansakuTrebiT dazaralda avtomwarmoeblebis industria 

da samSeneblo sfero. amerikasa da evropaSi Semcirda msubuqi avtomobilebis gayidvaTa 

moculoba, wamyvanma firmebma Seamcires warmoeba, daxures Svilobili sawarmoebi 

da filialebi, raTa gakotrebisgan gadarCeniliyvnen. samSeneblo sferoSi ki bolo 5 

wlis manZilze mSeneblobaTa gaormagebuli tempi daeca. samSeneblo kopaniebi veRar 

iRebdnen kreditebs bankebidan da gayidvaTa moculobac sagrZnoblad Semcirda. 2 

saqarTveloSi msoflio krizisiT gamowveuli mdgomareoba sagrZnoblad gaauaresa 

agvistoSi ganviTarebulma samxedro moqmedebebma. am movlenam didi zarali miayena 

qveynis ekonomikas da mosaxleobas. mraval regionSi ganadgurda infrastruqtura, 

mosaxleobis nawili daiRupa, didi nawili ki iZulebuli gaxda gadasaxlebuliyo. 

sazRvargareT saxelmwifos mouwia gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebis gaReba saomar 

moqmedebebze, dazianebuli infrastruqturis aRdgenaze, iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli 

mosaxleobis daxmarebaze da a.S. omma daazarala soflis meurneoba, turistuli biznesi, 

samSeneblo da sadazRveo biznesi, agreTve warmoebis mravali dargi. saxelmwifos 

daawva gazrdili socialuri danaxarjebi, amave dros Semcirda gadasaxadebidan 

miRebuli Semosavali. eqspertTa SefasebiT mTliani fiskaluri deficiti 2008 wels 

804 mln dolars Seadgenda. sagadasaxdelo balansisMmimdinare angariSis deficiti 

1 www.wikipedia.org 

2 

www.eib.org 

105

olo 3 wlis manZilze 2jer gaizarda, rac samomxmareblo bumiT da importis 

zrdiT iyo ganpirobebuli, Tumca garRveva ar xdeboda, radgan ucxouri investiciebiT 

xdeboda deficitis dafarva. gvistos movlenebis Semdgom ucxouri investiciebi 

Semcirda, magram Semcirda importis moculobac, ase rom deficiti isev imave maCvenebelze 

darCa. Tumca grZelvadian periodSi mosalodnelia sagadasaxdelo balansis 

gauareseba Semcirebuli ucxouri dafinansebis gamo, romelic 2004-2007 wlebSi mSps 

22,5%-s Seadgenda. 

pirdapir danakargebTan erTad saxelmwifoSi gauaresda sainvesticio garemo. 

saomari moqmedebebis gamo mosaxleobam didi odenobiT gaitana bankebidan danazogebi, 

ramac sabanko seqtors gamoacala ZiriTadi samoqmedo iaraRi. fuladi saSualebebis 

deficitis gamo bankebma Sewyvites kreditebis gacema, ramac Tavis mxriv Seanela 

ekonomikuri procesebi da muSaoba im firmebis, romlebic sabanko kreditebze iyvnen 

damokidebulni, maT Soris samSeneblo biznesi, romelic ZiriTadad bankidan aRebuli 

kreditebiT axorcielebda Tavis saqmianobas. inflaciis gamo Semcirda mosaxleobis 

msyidvelobiTunarianoba, ramac Seamcira erToblivi moTxovna da samSeneblo kompaniebis 

gayidvebi, Semcirda Semosavali da amave dros gaizarda gaZvirebuli masalis 

SesaZenad gaweuli danaxarjebi 1 . 

qveynis arastabiluri politikuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gamo Semcirda 

ucxoelTa ndoba, ramac Seamcira turistuli nakadebi da am dargidan miRebuli Semosavali. 

daiklo ucxoel investorTa ndobam, Semcirda rogorc pirdapiri ucxouri 

investiciebi, agreTve sabanko kreditebi, ramac kerZo kapitalis nakadebi sagZnoblad 

Sekveca. gadaido rigi samomavlo proeqtebi, magaliTad, foTSi navTobgadamamuSavebeli 

qarxnis mSenebloba. 

Semcirda mTliani Siga produqtis zrdis tempebi. wina wlebis ganmavobaSi mSp-s 

zrda 10%-s Seadgenda, wlis dasawyisSi navaraudevi wliuri 9%-iani mateba saomari 

moqmedebebis gamo 9%-dan 3.5%-mde Semcirda 1 . danaklisis dafarva garkveulwilad 

SeiZleba ucxouri daxmarebebis xarjze moxdes, saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobam, bolo 

periodSi, saqarTvelos 4.5 miliardi dolaris odenobis daxmareba gamouyo, magram 

Tu saxsrebi grZelvadian miznebSi ar iqna daxarjuli, es erTjeradi daxmareba ver 

aanazRaurebs ekonomikuri da safinansi sferos danakargebs. krizisidan gamosvlisTvis 

mizanSewonili iqneba ekonomikis realuri seqtoris zrda, warmoebis reabilitacia da 

axali sawarmoebis amoqmedeba. iafi kreditebis politikaze produqtiuli iqneba 

saprocento ganakvetis subsidirebis programa. sabanko sferoSi resursebis mosazidad 

saxelmwifom unda Seqmnas garantiebis sistema, romelic daicavs meanabreebs da 

ucxoel investorebs, romelTa saSualebebi bankebis ZiriTad aqtivebs warmoadgens. 

Tavis mxriv, sabanko sferom unda gaafarTovos sasesxo-sakredito operaciebi, raTa 

ekonomikurma subieqtebma SeZlon saqmianobis ganxorcieleba da Semosavlis miReba, 

rac bankisTvis sesxebis dabrunebis winapiroba iqneba. 

106

2008 wlis bolos da 2009 wlis dasawyisSi gatarda rigi antikrizisuli 

RonisZiebebi _ gamoiyo erTjeradi daxmarebebi sabanko sferosa da biznesis kerZo 

seqtorisaTvis. wlis dasawyisSi SemuSavda saxelmwifo antikrizisuli programis 

farglebSi gansaxorcielebeli stimulirebis gegma. mis farglebSi gamoiyo 2 miliard 

2 milioniani daxmarebis paketi, romelic socialur programebsa da ekonomikis 

ganviTarebas unda moxmareboda 1 . regionebs aqtiurad unda mieRoT monawileoba saku- 

Tari biujetis marTvaSi. gamoyofili daxmarebis udidesi nawili, miliard 600 

milioni unda moxmareboda socialur programebs, xolo 250 milioni uSualod 

ekonomikis stimulirebas. xelisuflebis gancxadebiT mocemuli programis da krizisis 

ganmavlobaSi saxelmwifos umTavresi amocanaa samuSao adgilebis Seqmna, adgilobrivi 

firmebisa da mewarmeebis stimulireba da ekonomikuri zrdis uzrunvelyofa. 

samwuxarod mocemuli antikrizisuli programa umeteswilad erTjeradi 

daxmarebis saxes ufro atarebs, vidre ekonomikis realurad mastimulirebeli 

RonisZiebisa. gzebis mSeneblobaze da infrastruqturis aRdgenaze dasaqmebuli xalxi 

araa sakmarisi biznes-aqtivobis uzrunvelsayofad da mosaxleobis keTildReobis 

asamaRleblad grZelvadian periodSi. aucilebelia imis gaazreba, rom saqarTveloSi 

kriziss msoflio krizisisgan gansxvavebuli winapirobebi da maxasiaTeblebi aqvs, da 

saWiroa maTi gaanalizeba da mizanmimarTuli zemoqmedeba. mxolod amis Semdgom iqneba 

SesaZlebeli krizisiT gamowveuli zaralis anazRaureba da momavali ganviTarebis 

uzrunvelyofa. 

1 www.presa.ge 

107

mcire da saSualo mewarmeobis warmatebis strategia 1 

TaTuli duSuaSvili 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: prof. r. gvelesiani 

rogor unda miaRwios qveyanam warmatebas mewarmeobis sferoSi? rogor miaRwies 

mas msoflios sxadasxa qveynis sxvadasxva sawarmoebma? msoflioSi arsebobs uamravi 

ucnobi, didi warmatebis mqone sawarmo, romlebic yuradRebis miRma darCnen. es aris 

msoflio masStabiT saukeTeso mcire da saSualo mewarmeobis sfero, ùcnob 

liderTa~, igive `farul CempionTa samyaro~. maTi wili msoflio bazarze 70-90%-s 

Seadgens. miuxedavad imisa, rom isini kvlav ucnobni arian, Cven mudam maTi nawarmiTa 

da servisiT varT garemoculni. 

ram ganapiroba am sawarmoebis warmateba? 

mcire da saSualo mewarmeobis umaRlesi rangis warmomadgenlebi gabneulia 

warmoebisa da momsaxurebis yvela dargSi. msoflio bazris liderTa mesamedze meti 

(37%) manqanaTmSeneblobaze modis. isini gansakuTrebiT kargad arian warmodgenilni 

agreTve eleqtromrewvelobaSi, liTondamuSavebasa da qimiaSi. 

originalobis, xarisxisa da profesionalizmis gansakuTrebuli SerwymiT mcire da 

saSualo mewarmeni msoflio bazrisaken gzas ukvalaven TavianT saqonelsa da 

momsaxurebas. magram amasTanave `faruli Cempionebi~ araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar 

ugulvebelyofen momxmarebels. qveynis Sida bazarze TavianTi maRalspecializebuli 

miwodebiT isini inarCuneben saSualod 44%-is Sesabamis wils, maTi udidesi 

konkurenti ki, piriqiT, am sididis mxolod naxevars aRwevs. 

iqneb warmatebis mizezi mewarmeobis profilia? 

msoflio donis mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi TavianTi arsebobis 80 wels 

iTvlian da upiratesad ojaxur sakuTrebas warmoadgenen. nebismier farul Cempions 

gaaCnia daaxloebiT aTi sazRvargareTuli filiali, rogorc msoflio bazarze 

mkveTri orientirebis sarkiseburi asaxva. 

mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi, rogorc msoflio bazris liderebi, emyarebian 

ufro imas, rac amarTlebs, nacvlad imisa, rom Tavs eqperimentebis ufleba miscen. 

amis damadasturebelia is, rom maTi saqonlisa da momsaxurebis ori mesamedi imyofeba 

`sasicocxlo ciklis~ simwifis fazaSi, mxolod 30% danergvis an zrdis fazaSi. 

amasTan, isini araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar ugulebelyofen inovaciebs. 

maT warmatebas mewarmeobis politika xom mar gansazRvravs? 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna èkonomikuri politikis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze da 

daimsaxura saprizo adgili. 

108

`super sawarmoebis~ warmatebebi sxvadasxva faqtorebis mizandasaxuli 

urTierTqmedebis Sedegia. maT Soris arsebiTia: 

sakuTari saqonlisa da momsaxurebisaTvis msoflio bazris marTvis miRweva, misi 

dapyroba; 

ZiriTad kompetenciebze koncentracia, saqonlisa da momsaxurebis warmoebis 

specializacia gafarToebis nacvlad; 

 

 

 

nawarmze mudmivi zrunva, uaxloesi miRwevebis warmoebis procesSi danergvisa da 

gamoyenebis ganuwyvetloba; 

momxmarebelTan rac SeiZleba meti siaxlove, raTa maTi survilebisa da problemebis 

gadawyvetis kompetenciis gaTvaliswineba dagegmvis fazaSi iyos SesaZlebeli; 

mewarmeobis kulturaze orientireba, rac TanamSromelTa motivirebas axdens. marTvis 

am stilis sazRauria TanamSromlebis avadmyofobis dabali done, naklebi denadoba da 

didi SemoqmedebiTunarianoba. 1 

ratom darCnen msoflios donis mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi specialuri presisa 

da mecnierTa yuradRebis gareSe? amis mizezad SegviZlia miviCnioT is, rom maTi 

produqcia xSirad uxilavi da SeumCnevelia, radgan sxva saxis nawarmis damzadebis 

process emsaxureba an saboloo produqtSi iferfleba an kidev mis komponentad 

iqceva. kidev erT mizezad SegviZlia davasaxelod Tavad mewarmeTa survili ucnobad 

darCenisa. da mainc vin arian msoflio donis liderebi, romelnic `farul 

Cempionebad~ gvevlinebian? esenia: 

`brita~ (`Brita~). saojaxo meurneobis wylis filtris bazari `britas~ mier 

Seiqmna. is, rogorc am saqmis pioneri, gamudmebiT ibrZoda Tavisi wamyvani poziciebis 

dasacavad. misi msoflio bazris wili amJamad 85%-ia. 

`STili~ (`Stihl~). `STilis~ Zraviani xerxebi mTel msoflioSi gamoiyeneba. igi 

metad inovaciuri sawarmoa. `STilis~ msoflio bazris wili misi uZlieresi 

konkurentebis wilze daaxloebiT orjer metia. 

`haribo~ (`Haribo~). `haribos~ `rezinis daTuniebi~ evropasa da aSS-Si erTnairad 

popularulia. man, rogorc am tkbileulis mwarmoebelma, SeZlo dasavlur samyaroSi 

msoflio bazris aSkarad upiratesi poziciis mopoveba. 

`gerietsi~ (`Gerriets~). es sawarmo amzadebs Teatris fardebsa da scenis 

mowyobilobebs. is aris scenis didi fardebis erTaderTi mwarmoebeli mTel 

msoflioSi. ase rom, is msoflio bazris 100%-s flobs. 

1 revaz gvelesiani. mcire da saSualo mewarmeobis watrmatebis strategia da kultura. Tb., 1999 

gv. 7 

109

`faruli Cempionebis~ umetesoba TavianTi wilis safuZvelze bazris 

`mmarTvelad~ gvevlineba. maT umetesobas wamyvani poziciebi mravali wlis manZilze 

uWiravs. isini axerxeben ara mxolod bazris soliduri wilis dakavebas, aramed mis 

SenarCunebasac. aSkarad gamokveTili bazris wilis ukan imaleba ufro Rrma ramfsiqologiuri 

xelmZRvaneloba, romelsac aqvs pretenzia daamkvidros dargebis 

standarti, gansazRvros marTvis wesebi da moaxdinos maTi modifikacia, e.i. pretenzia 

imisa, rom iyos saukeTeso an #1. `faruli Cempionebi~ miznis dasaxvisa da 

strategiis formulirebisas sxvadasxva meTodebs iyeneben. erT-erTi aseTia- 

`dagegmvis strategia~. is naTel da kargad Camoyalibebul miznebs saxavs, rac 

emyareba formalur kontrols, raTa maTi Sesruleba uzrunvelyos. `farul 

CempionebTan~, didi sawarmoebisgan gansxvavebiT, dagegmvisa da misi 

ganxorcielebisaTvis pasuxismgebeli erTi da igive pirovnebaa, romelic fsevdozusti 

cifrebiTa da aramyari grZelvadiani prognozebiT Tavs ar iwuxebs. Tuki gegmebi ar 

realizdeba ise, rogorc navaraudevi iyo, maSin pasuxismgebeli piri mas strategias 

Seusabamebs. es meTodi `TviTganviTarebad strategiad~ aris cnobili. rac Seexeba 

`samewarmeo strategias~, individs, romelic organizacias akontrolebs, SeuZlia 

misi momavlis ganWvreta mTlianad sawarmoze gadaitanos da radganac mgegmavi imave 

dros realizatoric aris, mas SeuZlia TandaTanobiT reagireba moaxdinos 

moqmedebaTa Sedegebze. Seasabamisobis unarianoba ganasxvavebs `samewarmeo strategias~ 

`dagegmili strategiisagan~. pirveli tovebs sivrces moqnilobisaTvis - zustad 

aRwerili miznebis sakompensaciod. 

`super sawarmoebi~ gansazRvraven TavianT bazrebs `viwrod~ da ara `farTod~ da 

axdenen maT maRalspecializebul damuSavebas. maT mier bazris gansazRvra Semdegi 

TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba: 

gaiTvaliswineba rogorc momxmareblebis moTxovnilebebi, aseve saqonlis, 

momsaxurebisa da teqnologiebis perspeqtivebi; 

 

 

 

`faruli Cempionebi~ TavianT bazrebs kargad icnoben, rac maT specializaciasa da 

bazarTan siaxloves gansazRvravs; 

mravali `super sawarmo~ TviTon qmnis bazris super niSebs. zogierTebi ki aviTareben 

erTaderTi saxis saqonelsa da momsaxurebas, romelic gansazRvravs maT sakuTar 

bazaars; 

bazris asortimenti ufro `Rrmaa~, vidre `farTo~, rac qmnis specializaciis iseT 

xarisxsa da srulyofas, romelsac konkurentebi Znelad Tu miaRweven; 

`super sawarmoebi~ msoflio bazris liderebi gaxdnen, imitom rom maT aqvT 

pirdapiri kontaqtebi TavianT momxmareblebTan filialebis meSveobiT. momxmarebelTan 

siaxlove ganisazRvreba ori ganzomilebiT: `saqoneli da momsaxureba~ da 

ìnteraqcia~. did sawarmoebTan SedarebiT `faruli Cempionebi~ upiratesobiT 

sargebloben ìnteraqciis~, xolo mcire sawarmoebTan mimarTebaSi `saqonlisa da 

110

momsaxurebis~ TvalsazrisiT. maTi mTavari argumentia faseuloba da ara fasi. isini 

orientirebulni arian saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze da ara fasze. 

erTaderTi gza xangrZlivi mtkice warmatebisaken aris ganuwyveteli inovacia. 

igi `farul CempionTa~ damaxasiaTebeli mniSvnelovani niSan-Tvisebaa. TiTqmis yvela 

maTganma maiaRwia msoflio bazarze pirvelobas, radgan isini odesRac, teqnologiis 

arsebiTi aspeqtebisaTvis an saxeobebisaTvis TavianT bazarze biznesi rom waremarTaT, 

pionerebi iyvnen. xSirad bazrebi winaswar ar arsebobda da pirvelad mxolod maTi 

inovaciiT Seiqmna. 

`faruli Cempionebi~ TavianTi inovaciuri saqmianobiT aSkarad gansxvavdebian 

didi sawarmoebisagan. isini ar arian calmxrivad orientirebuli: arc mxolod 

teqnologiaze da arc mxolod bazarze. teqnologia da bazari ki ar upirispirdebian, 

erTmaneTs aramed erTmaneTs avseben, amitom maTi, rogorc `Tanabaruflebiani~ 

mamoZravebeli Zalebis integrireba unda moxdes. sawarmom `resursebze damyarebuli 

(`Signidan gareT~) strategiis~ Sesaxeb moZRvreba unda Seusabamos `bazris 

SesaZleblobebis (`garedan SigniT~) strategias~. Mxolod maSin, roca Sinagani 

kompetenciebi da garegani SesaZleblobebi erTmaneTs esadageba, sawarmos SeuZlia 

Tavisi sruli potencialis gamovlena. 1 

`lideri sawarmoebi~ Zlieri da mkacri konkurentebi arian. konkurenciis 

upiratesoba ganisazRvreba, rogorc konkurentebTan SedarebiT ufro racionaluri, 

upiratesobis mqone saqmianoba, romelmac 3 piroba unda daakmayofilos: 

momxmareblisaTvis mniSvnelovani unda iyos; 

maT mier aRqmuli unda iqnas; 

xangrZlivobiT xasiaTdebodes. 

Tuki, magaliTad, produqciis SefuTva momxmareblebisaTvis umniSvneloa, maSin is, 

bunebrivia, ar gamodgeba konkurenciis upiratesobis misaRwevad. Tu nawarms 

SedarebiT xangrZlivi `sicocxlisunarianoba~ gaaCnia, magram momxmarebeli am sikeTes 

ar icnobs an ver aRiqvams, maSin es konkurenciis upiratesobad ar CaiTvleba. roca 

sawarmo fass amcirebs ise, rom mas xarjebis mxriv upiratesoba ar gaaCnia, amas 

SeiZleba maSinve mohyves konkurencia da fasebis TvalsazrisiT upiratesobis 

xangrZlivad SenarCuneba SeuZlebeli gaxdeba. 

`farul CempionTa~ konkurenciis upiratesobebi SeiZleba Semdegnairad 

CamovayaliboT: 

àrsebobis principi~ iarsebeb mxolod konkurenciis upiratesobiT. es principi 

`farul Cempionebs~ kargad aqvT gacnobierebuli; 

`mowinaaRmdegis cnobis principi~ konkurentebze dakvirveba iseTive mniSvnelovania, 

rogorc momxmareblebze dakvirveba. saWiroa konkurenciis kargi codna, Tumca 

`faruli Cempionebi~ uaryofen `mibaZvis xafangs~; 

2 revaz gvelesiani. mcire da saSualo mewarmeobis warmatebis strategia da kultura. Tb., 1999 

111

`SesaZleblobebis principi~ konkurenciis yoveli parametri iZleva konkurenciis 

upiratesobis SeasaZleblobas. upiratesobas SeiZleba mivaRwioT ara mxolod 

`ZiriTadi saqonlisa da momsaxurebis~ an `servisis~ parametrebSi, aramed, agreTve 

`programuli uzrunvelyofis~ parametrebSic; 

`konsistenciis principi~ saqoneli da momsaxureba mniSvnelobas unda Seesabamebodes; 

àRqmis principi~ konkurenciis upiratesobad mxolod isini iTvleba, romlebsac 

momxmareblebi aRiqvamen. 

`farul Cempionebs~ gaaCniaT Zalian Zlieri da amave dros Taviseburi mewarmeobis 

kultura. am kulturis aRiareba aris TanamSromelTa sawarmosTan identifikaciisa 

da motivaciis safuZveli, rac amcirebs avadmyofobisa da denadobis wils. 

mewarmeobis kultura, saqonlis warmoebisa da momsaxurebis gawevis gaumjobesebazea 

orientirebuli da Seurigebelia zarmacebis mimarT. 

msoflio donis mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis xelmZRvanelobis stili SeiZleba an 

iqneb unda iyos kidec ambivalenturi: avtoritaruli ZiriTad faseulobebSi, xolo 

monawileobiTi procesebsa da ganoxorcielebis detalebSi. marTva aris ara àn-an~-is, 

aramed `rogorc-aseve~-s arCeva. 

rogori mdgomareobaa qarTul mcire da saSualo mewarmeobaSi? 

oficialurad deklarirebuli monacemebiT, 2008 wels saSualo zomis 

sawarmoebze modioda sawarmoTa saerTo brunvis TiTqmis 8%, anu 3.5 procentuli 

punqtiT naklebi 2003 welTan SedarebiT. imave periodSi saSualo zomis sawarmoTa 

wili produqciis gamoSvebaSi Semcirda 2.7 procentuli punqtiT da 8.5% Seadgina. 

oficialurad deklarirebuli monacemebiT, 2008 wels saSualo biznesSi 

dasaqmebulTa mTlianma raodenobam 60909 piri Seadgina, romelTagan 49.3% qalia, 

xolo 50.7% mamakaci. dasaqmebulTagan daqiravebulia 59782 piri. saSualo zomis 

sawarmoebSi saSualo Tviurma xelfasma – 371.9 lari Seadgina. 

rac Seexeba, mcire sawarmoebs, oficialurad deklarirebuli monacemebiT, 2008 

wels mcire zomis sawarmoebze modioda sawarmoTa saerTo brunvis 8.2%, anu 5.4 

procentuli punqtiT naklebi 2003 welTan SedarebiT. imave periodSi mcire zomis 

sawarmoTa wilma 8.3% Seadgina. 

2008 wels mcire biznesSi dasaqmebulTa mTlianma raodenobam 69979 piri 

Seadgina, romelTagan 41.8% qalia, xolo 58.2% mamakaci. dasaqmebulTagan 

daqiravebulia 55150 piri. mcire zomis sawarmoebSi saSualo Tviurma xelfasma – 

285.7 lari Seadgina. 

ratom ver aRweven damwyebi sawarmoebi warmatebas? amis Taobaze gamoyofen Svid 

mizezs: 

1. dafinansebis simcire (68,6%); 

112

damaarseblebi xSirad saTanadod ver afaseben TavianT moklevadian moTxovnas 

kapitalze. problemebi Cndeba maSinac, rodesac momxmareblebis mier gadaxdis procesi 

Wianurdeba. saSiSia Zalze maRali fasic firmis Sesyidvis SemTxvevaSi. 

2. informaciis deficiti (61%); 

xSirad damaarseblebma Zalze cota ician sabazro procesebis Sesaxeb. isini 

zedmetad afaseben moTxovnas TavianT nawarmze an momsaxurebaze, naklebad - 

konkurencias. 

3. kvalifikaciis nakli (48%); 

profesiuli kvalifikaciis deficiti ise igrZnoba rogorc arasdros, amitom 

kidev ufro uaresi mdgomareobaa mewarmeobisa da komerciis codnis mxriv, maSin roca 

dargobrivi gamocdileba warmatebis miRwevis sawindaria. 

4. dagegmvis xarvezebi (30,1%); 

an dagegmvaa defeqturi an kargia, magram ar sruldeba. 

5. ojaxuri problemebi (29,9%); 

roca meuRles ar surs sawyis fazaSi arsebul familarul datvirTvas didxans 

Seurigdes. 

6. sawarmos Sedegebis gadaWarbebuli Sefaseba (20,9%); 

aq sawarmos mier realizebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis Rirebuleba Zalze 

mcirea maRal investiciebTan an mudmiv xarjebTan SedarebiT. 

7. garegani zegavlena (15,4%). 

es iseTi mizezebia, romelTa arc gaTvaliswineba SeiZleba da arc maTze 

zemoqmedeba. magaliTad; cvlilebebi momxmarebelTa qcevaSi, Semcirebuli 

msyidvelobiTunarianoba potenciur momxmarebelTa jgufSi, ZviradRirebuli manqanebis 

mxriv zarali teqnikuri progresis Sedegad, satransporto, teqnikuri an finansuri 

Sedegebi Secvlili komunaluri dagegmvis gamo. 

damoukidebeli, warmatebuli mewarmeobisaken, swori, Tanmimdevruli 

orientirebisaTvis saWiroa, gaviTvaliswinoT `farul CempionTa~ warmatebis 

strategia, miviRoT safuZvliani informacia da eqspertebma gaakeTon konsultacia 

yvelafris Sesaxeb, rac ki SeiZleba win gvelodes. 


MOLITOR, Bruno, Wirtschaftspolitik, 6. Aulf., Muenchen 2001 

MUSSEL, Gerhard, PAETZOLD, Juergan, Grundfragen der Wirtschaftspolitik, 4., erw. U. aktualisierte Aulf., Muanchen 2003 

Walter A. S. Koch, Chiristian Czogalla, Grundlagen der Wirtschaftspolitik, 2. Aufl., Stuttgart 2004. 

EVERS, Marc, Die institutionelle Ausgestaltung von Wirtschaftsordnungen. Eine dogmengeschichtliche Unterschung im 

Lichte des Ordoliberalismus und der Neuen Institutionenoekonomik, Berlin 2003. 

SCHNEIDER, Friedrich, ENSTE, Doinik, Schattenwirschaft und Schwarzarbeit. Umfrag, Ursachen, Wirkungen und 

wirtschaftspolitische Empfehlungen, Muenchen, Wien 2000. 

WENIG, Alois, Globalisierung und die Zukunft der sozialen Marktwirtschaft, Volkswirtschaftliche Schirften, Bd. 506, 

Berlin 2000 

revas gvelesiani, irina gogoriSvili, ekonomikuri politika, wigni I, Tb., 2008 

revaz gvelesiani, mcire da saSualo mewarmeobis watrmatebis strategia da kultura. Tb., 1999 

113

inflacia: arsi, mizezebi, Sedegebi 1 

mariam gogiaSvili 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: prof. j. janjRava 

erT-erTi mwvave problema, romelic ekonomikaSi SeiZleba warmoiSvas, aris 

inflacia. sityva ìnflacia~ laTinuri warmoSobisaa da `gabervas~ niSnavs. inflacia 

ekonomikaSi fasTa saerTo donis zrdaa, sabazro msyidvelobiTunarianobis donesTan 

mimarTebaSi. Sesabamisad, inflacia ise moiazreba, rogorc fulis gaufasureba. 

mxedvelobaSi misaRebia is faqti, rom fasebis yovelgvari zrda ar iwvevs inflacias; 

sxvadasxva faqtorebis gavleniT fasebi zogierT saqonelze SeiZleba yovelTvis 

izrdebodes da amavdroulad sxva saqonelze mcirdebodes. aseT SemTxvevaSi fasebis 

saerTo done SeiZleba ucvleli darCes, an Semcirdes kidec. inflacias adgili aqvs 

maSin, rodesac fuli ufasurdeba, e.i. rodesac erTi da igive TanxiT sul ufro 

naklebi saqonlis SeZena da momsaxurebis anazRaureba SeiZleba.AinflaciasTan 

dakavSirebuli terminebia: disinflacia, inflaciis donis Semcireba, anu efeqti, 

romelic amcirebs inflaciur zewolas; deflacia_fasTa saerTo donis vardna, 

hiperinflacia_swrafi inflacia, wonasworobisken tendenciis gareSe. 

fridmenisa da sxva ekonomistebis ganmartebiT, inflaciis zrdis tempi da 

fuladi masa erTmaneTTanaa dakavSirebuli im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac fasebis done 

swrafad izrdeba xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi; magaliTad, Tu inflaciis donem 

TveSi Seadgina 1%, (12% wlis ganmavlobaSi), igulisxmeba, rom fasebis done am Tvis, 

(wlis) ganmavlobaSi ubralod 1%-iT gaizarda. SesaZloa, es iyos fasebis erTjeradi 

cvlileba da mas hqondes droebiTi xasiaTi. im SemTxvevaSi ki, rodesac inflacia 1%- 

ze metia TveSi, (12%_ze meti weliwadis ganmavlobaSi), ekonomistebi saubars iwyeben 

inflaciis maRali donis Sesaxeb. 

aqedan gamomdinare, milton fridmeniseuli inflaciis ganmarteba SeiZleba 

CamovayaliboT Semdegnairad: fasebis donis zrda monetaruli movlenaa mxolod maSin, 

Tu is xdeba xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi. Tu inflaciis amgvar ganmartebas 

daveTanxmebiT MmaSin inflaciis mizezi aris fuli. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom inflacia ar aris mxolod saqonlisa da momsaxurebis fasebis 

zrda; is ufro farTo cnebaa da gulisxmobs mTliani ekonomikis masStabiT fasebis 

yovlismomcvel zrdas. 

inflacia ganviTarebis sam etaps gadis: 

pirvel etapze fulis emisiis tempi win uswrebs fulis gaufasurebis temps. am 

dros saxelmwifo mimoqcevaSi uSvebs zedmet fuls. iwyeba inflacia, Tumca fasebi 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna èkonomikis principebis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze da 


114

imdenad ar aris gazrdili, rom gamoCndes inflaciis niSnebi, anu pirvel etapze 

inflacia farulad mimdinareobs. 

meore etapze fulis gaufasurebis tempi win uswrebs fulis emisis temps. 

mimoqcevaSi arsebuli zedmeti fuli ukve iseT masStabebs aRwevs, rom inflacia 

farulidan Ria mdgomareobaSi gadadis da iwyeba fasebis zrda. 

mesame etapisTvis ki damaxasiaTebelia masStaburi inflacia. 

ganviTarebis tempebis garda, arsebobs: 

1. lokaluri infalcia. e.i. rodesac inflacia calkeul qveyanaSi xdeba; 

2. msoflio inflacia. e.i. rodesac inflacia yvela qveyanas moicavs, mTels 

msoflioSi mimdinareobs; 

3. “WenebiTi” inflacia. e.i. fasebis zrda saocrad swrafia da amasTanave 

naxtomiseburi; 

4. “mcocavi” inflacia, e.i. fasebi nela, magram ganuwyvetliv izrdeba; 

5. “importuli” infalacia. e.i. inflacia, romelic qveyanaSi sxva 

saxelmwifoebis zegavleniTaa gamowveuli; 

6. Sinagani faqtorebiT gamowveuli inflacia; 

mniSvnelovania imis gaTvaliswineba, rom fulis masa arsebiTad moqmedebs 

ekonomikis saerTo mdgomareobaze, ris gamoc is dadebiT an uaryofiT zegavlenas 

axdens mosaxleobis keTildReobaze. 

inflacia gansxvavebul zegavlenas axdens sxvadasxva socialur fenebze. yvelaze 

mZimed igi Rarib fenebsa da fiqsirebuli Semosavlebis jgufebs awveba. am adamianebis 

realuri Semosavali mkveTrad mcirdeba fasebis zrdisa da fulis gaufasurebis gamo. 

mTavroba cdilobs Tavidan aicilos mosaxleobis ukmayofileba da daakmayofilos 

maTi moTxovnebi. am yvelafris misaRwevad saxelmwifo mimoqcevaSi uSvebs met fuls. 

es ufro amwvavebs inflacias, aufasurebs fuls, zrdis fasebs. ase warmoiqmneba e.w. 

“inflaciuri spirali”. mimoqcevaSi gaSvebuli fulis raodenoba da xelfasis 

paraleluri zrda kidev ufro aZlierebs da aRrmavebs inflacias. 

sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fulis zedmeti raodenoba 

seriozul gavlenas axdens ara marto socialur fenebze, aramed erovnuli 

ekonomikis ZiriTadi miznebis ganxorcielebazec. dasaqmebis done, fasebis 

stabiluroba, ekonomikuri zrda_es sakiTxebi pirdapir Tu iribad dakavSirebulia 

inflaciasTan da mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fulis zedmet raodenobasTan. aqedan 

gamomdinare, ukve naTeli xdeba, Tu ratom uSlis xels fuladi masis arabunebrivi 

zrda saxelmwifos ekonomikuri politikiT gansazRvruli miznebis miRwevas. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom inflacia uaryofiTad moqmedebs saerTaSoriso urTierTobebze; 

ucxoeli investorebi eridebian iseT qveynebSi fulis investirebas, romlebSic 

inflaciis done maRalia. 

115

inflacia aZlierebs disproporciebs ekonomikaSi, anu saqonlis fasebis 

araTanabari zrdis Sedegad erT dargSi warmoeba farTovdeba da mcirdeba meoreSi. 

magaliTad, inflacia impulss aZlevs samxedro mrewvelobis gafarToebas da aferxebs 

samoqalaqo dargebis ganviTarebas . 

inflacia savaluto krizisis erT-erTi mTavari gamomwvevi faqtoria. igi qmnis 

valutis oficialur da sabazro kurss Soris Seusabamobas, uaryofiTad moqmedebs 

msoflio fasebsa da firmebis konkurentunarianobaze. 

inflacias garkveuli cvlilebebi Seaqvs sakredito urTierTobaSi. msesxebeli 

valdebulia vali misi nominaluri Rirebulebis mixedviT daubrunos gamsesxebels. 

gaufasureba aq mxedvelobaSi ar miiReba. amis gamo, msesxebeli mTlianad an 

nawilobriv kargavs sakredito Semosavlebs im mxrivac, rom xdeba kreditis SekumSva, 

vinaidan am dros bankebs realurad ufro naklebi ubrundeba, bankis sakuTari 

saxsrebi mcirdeba, ris gamoc igi cdilobs sargeblis ganakveTis gadidebas. 

imis gasagebad Tu rogor viTardeba da ra Sedegebi mohyveba inflacias, 

ganvixiloT ori konkretuli magaliTi: 

1. hiperinflacia germaniaSi 1921-1923 wlebSi. 

1921 wels pirveli msoflio omis Semdeg ekonomikis aRdgenis aucileblobam 

gamoiwvia germaniis saxelmwifo xarjebis mniSvnelovani zrda. mTavrobas saxelmwifo 

biujetis Sevseba SeeZlo ramdenime gziT: a) gadasaxadebis gazrdiT. im droindeli 

mdgomareobiT es ver moxerxdeboda, radganac omgadavlili mosaxleoba siRaribis 

zRvarze idga. b) imis gamo rom, germaniisadmi mTels msoflios ndoba hqonda 

dakarguli, mTavroba verc sxva qveynebisgan isesxebda fuls biujetis Sesavsebad. 

rCeboda erTaderTi gamosavali-fulis beWvda. mTavroba afinansebda Tavis xarjebs 

axlad dabeWdili naRdi fulis saSualebiT. 1921 wlis bolos daiwyo fuladi masis 

gamalebuli zrda, rasac Tan mohyva inflaciis mkveTri zrda. magaliTad: 1921 wlis 

ianvarSi, gazeTi 0,3 marka Rirda, 2 weliwadze naklebi xnis Semdeg ki es ricxvi 70 

mln. markamde gaizarda. inflaciis aseT gansakuTrebul swraf zrdas hiperinflacia 

ewodeba. 

1923 wels saxelmwifo biujetTan dakavSirebiT viTareba kidev ufro daiZaba. 

wlis dasawyisSi safrangeTi daeufla germaniis erT-erT provincias. regionSi 

safrangeTis moqmedebebs sayovelTao gaficva mohyva. germaniis mTavrobam gadawyvita, 

gaficulebs fuliT daxmareboda; Sedegad amisa saxelmwifo xarjebma kritikul 

zRvars miaRwia da mTavroba iZulebuli gaxda kidev ufro swrafi tempebiT ebeWda 

fuli. 1923 wels fuladi masis afeTqebis Sedegad fasebis donem mkveTrad aiwia, 

inflaciis tempebma milion procents gadaaWarba. ra SeiZleba yofiliyo am inflaciis 

mizezi? ra Tqma unda, safrangeTis mier provinciis dapyroba, mTavrobis mier 

gaficulebis fuliT mxardaWera da germaniis Selaxuli reputacia. 

116

2. gardamavali periodis dros mimdinare inflacia saqarTveloSi (gamomwvevi mizezebi 

da Sedegebi) 

90-ian wlebSi biujetis deficiti damaxasiaTebeli movlena iyo 

saqarTvelosTvis. saxelmwifo biujetis deficiti 0.2 %- dan 5 %-mde meryeobda. 

ekonomikuri krizisis ZiriTadi gamomwvevi mizezi moTxovnis zrdis pirobebSi 

warmoebis deficiti iyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom biujetis deficiti, Tu igi fulis emisias 

iwvevs, zrdis fulis miwodebas, rasac saboloo jamSi inflaciamde mivyavarT. 

imisTvis rom gavaanalizoT Tu ra gavlenas axdenda biujetis deficiti 

inflaciaze, saWiroa, SeviswavloT biujetis deficitis xasiaTi saqarTveloSi. 

biujetis dafinansebis ZiriTadi wyaroebi iyo erovnuli bankis pirdapiri sesxi 

mTavrobaze, finansTa saministros mier gamoSvebuli saxazino valdebulebebi da 

ucxouri sesxebi. 

garkveuli xarjebis dasafinanseblad saxelmwifo mimarTavda erovnul banks 

pirdapiri sesxis misaRebad. faqtiurad es iyo fulis beWvda, romelic pirdapir 

zrdida fulis masasa da fulis miwodebas. magaliTisaTvis, 1999 wels saqarTvelos 

mTavrobam 187 milioni lari sesxi miiRo erovnuli bankidan da Sesabamisad amave 

moculobis xarjebi daafinansa. rac Seexeba ucxour sesxebs, romlebsac mTavroba 

sesxulobda, maTac garkveuli inflaciuri zewola hqondaT. sabolood, am 

yvelafris Sedegad qveyanaSi warmoiqmna inflaciuri procesebi, romlebsac Tan mohyva 

umuSevroba, fasebis zrda, mosaxleobis mTavrobisadmi ukmayofileba da kidev mravali 

sxva negatiuri movlena. 

2006 wlidan saqarTvelos mTavrobam miiRo kanoni romlis mixedviTac aikrZala 

erovnuli bankis mxridan biujetis deficitis dafinanseba. aRniSnuli 

umniSvnelovanesi movlena iyo saqarTvelos uaxles istoriaSi, vinaidan amiT gauqmda 

biujetis dafinansebis inflaciuri wyaro. 

saqarTveloSi antiinflaciuri politikis ZiriTad mizans, Cveni azriT, unda 

Seadgendes ara nebismier fasad inflaciis SeCereba, aramed kerZo da saxelmwifo 

ZalisxmeviT inflaciuri procesebis marTva, erovnuli warmoebis zrdisa da qveynis 

ekonomikuri interesebidan gamomdinare. 

ekonomikur literaturasa da praqtikaSi arsebobs magaliTebi, rodesac mcire 

masStabebis inflacia zrdis msyidvelobiTunarian moTxovnas da xels uwyobs 

ekonomikur zrdas (e.w. mundel turbin efeqti, romelic warmoadgens 

damokidebulebas inflaciasa da moTxovnis zrdas Soris ). saqarTvelos pirobebSi 

aRniSnuli modelis gamoyeneba did riskTanaa dakavSirebuli, radgan mas sWirdeba 

Sesabamisi stabiluri makroekonomikuri garemo, Sida samamulo warmoebaze 

dafuZnebuli da saeqsporto potencialis mqone seqtorebis ganviTarebuli 

ekonomikuri struqtura; aucilebelia imis aRniSvna, rom inflaciur procesebTan 

117

mimarTebaSi eqsperimentebis Catarebam SeiZleba qveyana katastrofamde miiyvanos, 

amitom igi mimdinare etapze Teoriulad da praqtikulad unda gamoiricxos. 

ekonomikuri zrdisken mimarTuli antiinflaciuri politika saWiroebs 

politikur, ekonomikur da socialur RonisZiebaTa etapobriv gatarebas am mizniT 

mizanSewonilia antiinflaciuri politikis ganmsazRvreli Semdegi ZiriTadi 

RonisZiebebi: 

1. inflaciis finansuri faqtorebis regulireba. antiinflaciur moqmedebaSi 

mTavari adgili ukavia biujetis gajansaRebas; saWiroa iseTi ekonomikuri da 

administraciuli reformebis gatareba, romlebic biujets waadgeba. 

2. inflaciis fuladi faqtorebis regulireba. antiinflaciurma politikam 

wina planze unda wamoswios bankis funqcionireba, mis mier gamoSvebuli fulis 

odenoba. 

3. sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofa. antiinflaciuri politika unda 

efuZnebodes iseTi sakanonmdeblo sistemas, romelic uzrunvelyofs bazris 

funqcionirebas da gaakontrolebs bankis mier saxelmwifoze gacemuli sesxebis 

odenobas. 

4. dawyebuli ekonomikuri reformebis dasruleba gansakuTrebiT ki sabanko, 

sagadasaxado, sabiujeto sferoSi. 

118

inflaciis statistika da makroekonomikuri 

tendenciebi saqarTveloSi 1 

mixeil dvaliSvili 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. m. mindoraSvili 

inflaciisa da mSp – is urTierTkavSiris analizi. cnobilia, rom inflaciasa da 

mTlian Sida produqts (mSp) Soris arsebobs garkveuli urTierTdamokidebuleba. 

kerZod, inflaciis erTi procentiT Semcirebas Tan axlavs qveyanaSi warmoebuli mSp 

mniSvnelovanwilad Semcireba. 

cxrili 1. mSp -is moculoba da dinamika (mimdinare fasebSi, mln. lari) 

wlebi 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

mSp 8 564.1 9 824.3 11 620.9 13 789.9 16 993.8 19 069.6 

rogorc cxrilidan 1 Cans, saqarTveloSi, mTliani Siga produqti 2003 – 2008 

wlebSi ganuxrelad izrdeboda da, Sesabamisad, 2008 wels miaRwia maqsimalur 

mniSvnelobas – 19 069.6 mln lars. aRniSnul periodSi, permanentulad izrdeboda 

wliuri inflaciis maCvenebelic. magram 2008 wlis bolosTvis wliuri inflaciis 

sidide 2007 wlis analogiur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT Semcirda 11 % - idan 5.5 % - 

mde. samomxmareblo fasebis zrdis tempebis Semcireba, ra Tqma unda, dadebiTi 

movlenaa. Tumca, aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom inflaciis tempebis Semcireba sasurvelia 

ganxorcieldes etapobrivad, ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi, da ara erTbaSad. radganac 

wliuri inflaciis maCvenebeli 2008 wlisaTvis Semcirda 5,5 procentiT, SeiZleba 

vTqvaT, rom amave wels mTliani Siga produqtis moculoba mniSvnelovnad unda 

Semcirebuliyo, wina wlis Sesabamis maCvenebelTan SedarebiT. es ki sakmaod Zlier 

zians miayenebda saqarTvelos ekonomikas. 

cxrilSi 1 warmodgenili monacemebis mixedviT, 2008 wlisaTvis, saqarTvelos 

mTlianma Siga produqtma Seadgina 19 069.6 mln lari. saqarTvelos statistikis 

departamentis mier dReisTvis warmodgenili monacemebis Tanaxmad SegviZlia vTqvaT, 

rom mTliani Siga produqti(mimdinare fasebSi) 2008 wlisaTvis 2007 wlis 

analogiur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT araTu Semcirda, rogorc unda momxdariyo, aramed 

gaizarda 12.21 % - iT. 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna `statistikis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze da daimsaxura saprizo 

adgili. 

119

aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom statistikis departamentis mier 

gamoqveynebuli monacemebis garkveuli raodenoba ar Seesabameba sinamdviles. zemoT 

warmodgenili analizidan Cans, rom realurad, dReisTvis, inflaciis tempebi 

saqarTveloSi gacilebiT maRalia, oficialuri statistikis mier warmodgenil 

monacemebTan SedarebiT. 

ganvixiloT Tu rogori damokidebulebaa saqarTveloSi saSualo Tviur xelfassa 

da inflacias Soris. 2003-2008 wlebSi saqarTveloSi saSualo Tviuri 

nominaluri xelfasis maCvenebeli mudmivad izrdeboda. aRniSnuli naTlad Cans 

cxrilidan 2. kerZod, 2007 wlisaTvis saSualo Tviuri xelfasi 2003 wlis 

analogiur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT gaizarda 140.1 lariT da Seadgina 241.6 lari. 

aRniSnuli SeiZleba gaxdes qveyanaSi inflaciuri procesebis garTulebis 

mizezi. saSualo Tviuri xelfasis zrda gamoiwvevs erToblivi moTxovnis gazrdas da 

Tu qveyanaSi ar iqneba warmoebuli mTliani Siga produqti Sesabamisi moculobiT 

fasebis saerTo done gaizrdeba. 

da piriqiT, rodesac dasaqmebulTa saSualo Tviuri xelfasis zrdis tempebi 

SesabamisobaSia, wlis manZilze, amave qveyanaSi, warmoebuli mTliani Siga produqtis 

zrdis tempTan, maSin samomxmareblo fasebi mniSvnelovnad ar gaizrdeba. amas 

ganapirobebs is garemoeba, rom saSualo Tviuri xelfasis zrdiT ganpirobebuli 

erToblivi moTxovnis zrdas daakmayofilebs, qveyanaSi, wlis manZilze, warmoebuli 

mTliani Siga produqtis zrdiT gamowveuli erToblivi miwodebis zrda. 

cxrili 2. saqarTveloSi saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi 2003-2008 wlebSi 

wlebi 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

saSualo Tviuri 

xelfasi (larebSi) 101.5 116.4 149.3 190.2 241.6 - 

inflaciisa da umuSevrobis urTierTkavSiri. am or makroekonomikur maCvenebels 

Soris, gansakuTrebiT drois moklevadian periodSi, arsebobs ukuproporciuli 

damokidebuleba. sainteresoa sruldeba Tu ara saqarTveloSi zogadad ekonomikaSi 

miRebuli urTierTdamokidebuleba inflaciasa da umuSevrobas Soris. 

cxrili 3. wliuri inflacia da umuSevrobis done 

wlebi 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

inflacia(X) 

(%) 

umuSevr. (Y) 

(%) 

7,1 3,6 19,2 4 4,7 5,6 4,8 5,7 8,2 9,2 9,2 10 

7,6 14,5 13,8 10,3 11,1 12,6 11,5 12,6 13,8 13,6 13,3 - 

120

cxrilSi warmodgenili monacemebis wyviladi regresuli analizidan miviReT, 

rom, saqarTveloSi inflaciis 1 %- iT Semcirebas (gazrdas) Tan mohyveba 

umuSevrobis donis 0.14 % -iT Semcireba(gazrda). es damokidebulebas ase gamoisaxeba. 

Y = 11.2109 + 0.14 X (1) 

rogorc vxedavT, saqarTveloSi zemoT xsenebul or maCvenebels Soris 

ekonomikaSi sazogadod miRebuli kanonzomiereba irRveva. miT umetes, rodesac 

SevamowmeT mocemuli modelis saimedooba miviReT, rom is ver asaxavs marTebul 

damokidebulebas 1997-2007 wlebSi, saqarTveloSi arsebul inflaciasa da 

umuSevrobas Soris. 

saqarTveloSi, aRniSnul wlebSi, arsebuli inflaciisa da umuSevrobis 

analizis Sedegad ver moxerxda Segvedgina wyviluri regresuli modeli, romelic 

gamosaxavda raime saxis, miT umetes, ukuproporciul damokidebulebas am or 

umniSvnelovanes makroekonomikur maCvenebels Soris. aqedan gamomdinare, Zalian 

Znelia, saqarTveloSi marTebuli, efeqtiani, makroekonomikuri politikis SemuSaveba. 

is rom, 1997-2007 wlebSi, saqarTveloSi arsebuli inflaciisa da umuSevrobis 

donis monacemebis ekonometrikuli analiziT ver miviReT raime saxis, miT umetes 

ukuproporciuli damokidebuleba aRniSnul makroekonomikur maCveneblebs Soris, 

SeiZleba miuTiTebdes maT mcdarobaze. 

aqedan gamomdinare, kidev ufro myardeba qarTul sazogadoebaSi farTod 

gavrcelebuli mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom dReisTvis inflaciis tempebi gacilebiT 

maRalia, saqarTvelos statistikis departamentis mier gamoqveynebul oficialur 

monacemebTan SedarebiT. 

cxrili 4. inflaciis tempi (saS. wl. wina wlis saS. wliurT.) da saS. Tviuri 

nomin. xelfasi 

wlebi 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

inflaciis tempi 

(saS. wliuri 

wina wlis saS. 

wliurTan) 

saS. Tviuri nomin. 

xelfasi, 

gadasaxadebis gareSe 

4 4.7 5.6 4.8 5.7 8.2 9.2 9.2 10 

72.5 82.6 99.1 101.5 116.4 149.3 190.2 - - 

saqarTveloSi arsebuli saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasisa da wliuri 

inflaciis korelaciuri kavSiris analizidan irkveva, rom maT Soris arsebobs 

mWidro urTierTkavSiri. kerZod, miviReT, rom aRniSnul makroekonomikur 

maCveneblebs Soris korelaciis koeficienti udris 0.97 –s. 

aqedan gamomdinare, ekonomikuri politikis SemuSavebisas Zalian mniSvnelovania 

aRniSnuli urTierTkavSiris gaTvaliswineba. 

121

wina cxrilSi warmodgenili monacemebis korelaciuri analizidan miviReT, rom 

mniSvnelovani cvlileba saSualo Tviur nominalur xelfasSi gamoiwvevs inflaciis 

mkveTrad Secvlas. 

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT saSualo Tviur nominalur xelfassa da wliur inflacias 

Soris ekonomikaSi sazogadod miRebul damokidebulebas, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom 

saqarTveloSi saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasis mniSvnelovani gazrda 

gamoiwvevs qveyanaSi arsebuli saSualo wliuri inflaciis mkveTrad gazrdas. 


1) monacemebi saSualo Tviuri xelfasis Sesaxeb – ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi 

sakiTxebis qarTul-evropuli sakonsultacio centri; Jurnali saqarTvelos ekonomikuri 

tendenciebi; 

2) yvela sxva raodenobrivi maCvenebeli - saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis 

statistikis departamenti, www.statistics.ge 

122

saqarTvelosa da msoflios mosaxleobis 

ricxovnobis prognozebi 1 

Salva giorgaZe 

Tsu bakalavriati 

mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. m. xmalaZe 

mosaxleobis ricxovnobis prognozireba, eTnodemografiuli ruqebis 

Sedgena, erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi parametria globaluri da regionaluri 

ekonomikuri, politikuri da ekologiuri problemebis gadasawyvetad. msoflio 

mosaxleobis prognozis bolo variantiT, dedamiwis mosaxleoba 2008-2050 wlebSi 

gaizrdeba 2,647 miliardiT da miaRwevs 9,352 miliards. qvemoT gTavazobT 

cxrils, sadac warmodgenilia is ZiriTadi qveynebi, romlebic am maCveneblis 

cvlilebas ganapirobeben. gaeros demografTa mier Catarebuli ukanaskneli 

reviiziis monacemebiT Semdegia: 

2008 2025 2050 % 

msoflio sul 6.705 8.000 9.352 139.5 % 

afrika 0.967 1.358 1.932 199.8 % 

amerika 0.915 1.080 1.258 137.5 % 

azia 4.052 4.793 5.427 133.9 % 

evropa 0.736 0.726 0.685 93.1 % 

avstarlia da 

okeaneTi 

0.35 0.042 0.049 140.0 % 

rogorc xedavT, prognozis mixedviT, evropis mosaxleobis ricxovnoba 

Semcirdeba, TumcaRa, ufro rom CavuRrmavdeT aRniSnul sakiTxs, evropul 

qveyanaTa sakmaod did jgufSi mosaxleoba araTu Semcireba, aramed misi 

matebacaa mosalodneli: evropis mosaxleobis ricxovnobis SemcirebaSi 

umTavresi wili ruseTsa da ukrainaze modis. yofili ssrk_is qveynebs Tu 

gamovyobT, clasaxad aRebuli evropa demografiuli TvalsazrisiT sakmao 

stabilurobiT gamoirCeva. 

ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos erTi metad saintereso momenti, romelic dRevandeli 

msofliosTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. kerZod, arsebobs garkveuli 

disproporcia qveyanaTa garkveul jgufsa da sxva danarCen msoflios Soris, 

rac gulisxmobs am qveyanaTa jgufSi dasaxlebuli mosaxleobis ricxovnobasa 

da maT mier dakavebul teritorias Soris araproporciul ganawilebas. 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna èkonomikuri statistikis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze da 

daimsaxura saprizo adgili 

123

qveyanaTa jgufSi _ aSS, evropa, kanada, avstralia da okeaneTi, sadac 

dasaxlebulia msoflios mTliani mosaxleobis 15%, ukavia dedamiwis 

teritoriis daaxloebiT 28.2%, es disproporcia 2050 wlis saprognozo 

monacemebiT kidev ufro gaRrmavdeba da rogorc ukve avRniSneT, dedamiwis 

mTliani teritoriis 28.2%_ze icxovrebs mosaxleobis 12.9%, danarCen msoflios 

mosaxleobas, romelic Seadgens 87.1%_s ergeba dedamiwis 71%. xazi unda gaesvas 

im faqts, rom aRniSnuli disproporcia SesaZlebelia aRmoCndes globaluri 

teritoriuli konfliqtebis Casaxvisa da gamwvavebis mizezi. 

aqve unda gaesvas xazi ruseTis mosaxleobis simWidrovesTan dakavSirebul 

saintereso monacemebs. kerZod, dedamiwis teritoriis 12.6%_is mqone qveyanaa, 

sadac dasaxlebulia 1.52% msoflo mosaxleobis. aRniSnuli maCvenebeli 2050 

wlis prognoziT kidev ufro Semcirdeba da gaxdeba 1.18%. aRniSnuli 

disproporcia yvelaze mwvavea msoflioSi. 

rac Seexeba samxeTi kavkasiis demografiul suraTs, igi Semdegnairad 

gamoiyureba: 

cxrili 2. samxreTi kavkasiis mosaxleobis ricxovnoba 1913-2050 ww 

(mln adamiani) 

saqarTvelo azerbaijani somxeTi 

1913 2.6 2.3 1.0 

1959 4.0 3.7 1.7 

1966 4.5 4.6 2.2 

1979 5.0 6.0 3.0 

2008 4.6 8.7 3.1 

2025 4.2 9.7 3.3 

2050 3.3 11.6 3.3 

istorias Tvals Tu gadavavlebT, saqarTvelo 1913 wlidan dominirebul 

pozicias ikavebda samxreT kavkasiaSi, Tumca aRniSnuli poziciis Sesusteba 1966 

wlidan daiwyo da 2008wels saqarTvelom gadmoinacvla meore adgilze, 

azerbaijanis mosaxleobis ricxovnobis sagZnobi matebis fonze. mosaxleobis 

ricxovnobaze mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli aramarto demografiuli, aramden 

samxedro da ekonomikuri usafrTxoebac. am TvalsazrisiT XXI saukunis pirveli 

naxevari saqarTvelos kargs arafers uqadis. ricxovnobiT is uTanabrdeba 

somxeTs, romlis ricxov-noba gaizrdeba 2050wlisaTvis 3_jer, xolo 

azerbaijanis mosaxleoba 2050 wlisaTvis saqarTvelos da somxeTis erTad 

aRebul mosaxleobas 1.8_jer gadaaWarbebs. 

saqarTvelos demografiuli prognozi aseT suraTs iZleva. (ix. cxrili 3). 

Cveni mTavari amocana gaxldaT mogvewodebina gamafrTxilebeli prognozi, 

124

mosaxleobis aRwarmoebis ucvleli reJimis SenarCunebiT da gvenaxa is suraTi, 

rac Cvens qveyanas elis im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki is ZiriTadi demografiuli 

maCveneblebi ar Seicvleba, rac dResdReisobiT damaxasiaTebelia Cveni 

qveynisTvis. 

cxrili 3. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis ricxovnobis prognozi 2007-2027 wlebSi 

asaki mosaxleoba 2012 2017 2022 2027 

2007 wels 

(aTasi) 

0-4 244.4 200.2 188.2 201.0 162.0 

5-9 232.8 242.8 198.9 187.0 199.7 

10-14 253.3 229.3 241.2 195.9 184.1 

15-19 284.1 249.4 225.8 239.7 192.8 

20-24 296.1 279.3 245.5 222.5 239.1 

25-29 284.5 290.4 174.5 241.7 219.1 

30-34 262.4 287.1 284.9 269.8 237.9 

35-39 251.4 255.2 271.9 279.5 265.3 

40-44 255.6 242.8 248.3 265.8 274.3 

45-49 262.5 244.3 234.6 241.5 259.8 

50-54 231.2 246.8 233.6 226.7 234.9 

55-59 198.1 212.8 232.1 223.4 219.1 

60-64 188.2 177.0 196.2 218.5 213.7 

65-69 189.5 162.0 158.6 181.1 205.7 

70-74 170.7 154.0 140.1 142.5 167.3 

75-79 128.7 123.9 126.4 121.9 128.4 

80-84 72.8 79.9 91.8 104.7 106.5 

85 32.9 35.0 51.3 69.3 87.5 

sul 3839.2 3703.2 3643.9 3632.6 3596.2 

125

siRaribe uaxlesi periodis saqarTveloSi 1 

irakli makalaTia 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. b. gabiZaSvili 

siRaribe SefardebiTi da amave dros metad rTuli socialur-ekonomikuri 

kategoriaa. saukunis win saqarTveloSi soflis glexkaci Tavs Raribad ar miiCnevda 

Tu mas wlis ganmavlobaSi ojaxis gamosakvebad saWiro sursaTi da cotaodeni 

tansacmeli hqonda. SemdgomSi sazogadoebis ganviTarebas mohyva moTxovnilebis 

ganuxreli zrda, adamianebs aRar akmayofilebdaT miRweuli cxovrebis done, maT 

daiwyes materialuri mdgomareobisa da sulieri cxovrebis gaumjobesebaze fiqri. 

adamianma jer unda Wamos, svas, Caicvas, daixuros da Semdeg SeeZleba mas 

ideologiaze fiqri. dRevandel dRes teqnologiuri ganviTarebisa da moTxovnilebaTa 

zrdis fonze cxovrebis doniT mosaxleobam ukan daiwia. siRaribis maCveneblebi 

aisaxeba ara marto adamianTa kvebaSi, Cacma_daxurvasa da sxva materialur yofaSi, 

aramed jandacvaSi, ganaTlebaSi, kulturul da sxva socialur moTxovnilebebSi. 

adamianis cxovrebis done gansxvavebuli iyo yovelTvis, nebismieri 

sazogadoebis pirobebSi, adamianis sxvadasxva fenebis mixedviT. jer kidev Zvel 

saberZneTSi iyo gavrcelebuli devizi: ,,adamianis keTildReoba_umaRlesi mizani.” 

nebismier sazogadoebaSi adamianTa sxvadasxva fenebis mixedviT gansxvavebuli 

ekonomikuri mdgomareoba obieqturi ekonomikuri mdgomareobiTac aixsneba. 

politikuri ekonomiis mTavari principis _ ra vawarmooT, mTavar safuZvels 

warmoadgens sazogadoebaSi arsebuli resursebis SezRuduloba. arasakmarisi 

resursebi socializmamde arsebul yvela ekonomikur formaciaSi romelime kerZo 

piris xelSi iyo, amitom es kerZo pirebi yovelTvis TavianT sasargeblod 

awarmoebdnen ama Tu im saxis materialur dovlaTsa da momsaxurebas. es faqti 

warmoSobda sazogadoebaSi adamianTa ekonomikur uTanasworobas da dResac ki didia 

gansxvaveba ganviTarebuli, socialurad orientirebuli qveynebis mdidarTa da 

RaribTa ekonomikur mdgomareobaSi. 

mosaxleobis cxovrebis done erT-erTi mniSvnelovani socialuri kategoriaa, 

romelic gulisxmobs mosaxleobis materialuri da sulieri moTxovnilebebis 

dakmayofilebis donesa da xarisxs. amitom is moicavs mosaxleobis Semosavlebs, 

danaxarjebs, mosaxleobis socialuri dacvis sistemas da sapensio uzrunvelyofas. 

mecnierebi gamoyofen mosaxleobis cxovrebis oTx dones: 1) SeZlebuli cxovrebis 

done, 2) normaluri cxovrebis done, 3) siRaribe da 4) siRatake. 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna `statistikis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze da daimsaxura saprizo 

adgili. 

126

ogorc g. Tarxan-mouravi aRniSnavs Tavis naSromSi, am ukanaskneli 

aTwleulis manZilze siRaribis cnebis Sesaxeb sami gansxvavebuli midgoma gamoirCeva: 

pirveli midgomiT siRaribis cnebaSi igulisxmeba cxovrebiseul SesaZleblobaTa 

ukmarisoba, rac TavisTavad ukavSirdeba usaxsrobasa da materialuri wyaroebis 

naklebobas. es ganmarteba dafuZnebulia obieqtur faqtorebze da ugulvebelyofs 

subieqturi faqtorebis gavlenas siRaribeze. amitom meore midgomis momxreebi 

siRaribed miiCneven mxolod adamianis subieqtur ganwyobas, miaCnia Tu ara mas Tavi 

Raribad. es midgomac calmxrivi da arasrulyofilia imdenad, ramdenadac maRali 

Semosavlis mqone adamiansac SeiZleba gaaCndes ukmayofilebis grZnoba da Tavs 

Raribad Tvlides. ufro srulyofilia mesame midgoma, romlis mixedviTac siRaribis 

qveS ara marto materialuri, aramed sulieri faqtorebis erToblioba igulisxmeba. 

materialurs cxadia sasursaTo da arasasursaTo samomxmareblo Rirebulebani 

gansaRvraven, xolo suliers _ momsaxureba. sabolood SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom 

siRaribe aris Semosavlebis (fuladi da arafuladi) ukmarisoba adamianis 

fiziologiuri da sulieri arseboba-ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro minimalurad 

aucilebel materialur da sulier RirebulebaTa da momsaxurebis moxmarebisaTvis. 

am ganmartebaSi asaxulia adamianis rogorc fiziologiuri (sursaTi, 

tansacmeli, fexsacmeli, sacxovrebeli da sxv.), ise fsiqologiuri (imedi, Tanadgoma, 

siyvaruli, SiSi da sxv.) da socialuri (usafrTxoeba, Ppativiscema, wesrigi da sxv.) 

moTxovnilebani. Aqedan, cxadia, Tu qveyanaSi sufevs usamarTloba, ukanonoba, SiSis 

sindromi, adamianebi ver igrZnoben Tavs daculad da yovelgvari materialuri qoneba 

fuWia adamianis sulieri ganviTarebisaTvis. msoflio bankis debulebiT Raribad 

iTvleba pirovneba, romelsac dReSi Semosavali 2 aSS dolarze, xolo Ratakad _ Tu 

erT aSS dolarze naklebi aqvs. 

siRaribis statistikuri maCveneblebia: siRaribis done, siRrme da simwvave. 

siRaribis done ewodeba Raribi mosaxleobis xvedriT wonas mosaxleobis mTel 

ricxovnobaSi da gamoiTvleba formuliT k = n 

q , sadac q – Raribebis ricxovnobaa, n- 

mosaxleobis saerTo ricxovnoba. 

siRaribis absolutur zRvrad gamokvlevebiT miCneulia saarsebo minimumi. am 

ukanasknelSi ki gulisxmoben Sromisunariani asakis (15-dan 65 wlamde) mamakacis 

saarsebo minimums. siRaribis maCveneblebis gasaangariSeblad gamokvlevebSi 

gamoyenebulia, agreTve medianuri moxmarebis 60% da medianuri moxmarebis 40%, 

romlebsac uwodeben siRaribis fardobiT zRvrebs. medianuri moxmareba ki moxmarebis 

is sididea, romlis qvemoT anu mosaxleobis qvemo naxevari (50%) masze ufro 

naklebs moixmars, xolo meore naxevari anu zemo naxevari (50%) masze mets. 

127

siRaribis done zogadi maCvenebelia da ver axasiaTebs saarsebo minimumidan anu 

siraribis zRvridan RaribTa daSorebis manZils, amitom statistika angariSobs meore 

maCvenebels, romelsac ewodeba siRaribis siRrme. 

siRaribis siRrme axasiaTebs saarsebo minimumidan Raribi mosaxleobis saSualo 

( z yi 

) 

i1 

Semosavlis daSorebis manZils da gamoiTvleba formuliT: P = 

nz 

, 

sadac Z – saarsebo minimumia-siraribis zRvaria mocemul periodSi; y – Raribi 

mosaxleobis i- uri wevris Semosavlis sidide, n – mosaxleobis ricxovnoba mocemul 

qveyanaSi; nz – mTeli mosaxleobis siRaribis zrvris donis saerTo momarebaa. 

siRaribis siRrmis maCvenebelic ver iZleva siRaribis srulyofil suraTs, 

radgan gamokvlevis miRma rCeba TviT RaribTa Soris cxovrebis donis gansxvavebuli 

suraTi, imdenad ramdenadac Raribebis erTi nawili axlosaa saarsebo minimumTan da 

uaxloes periodSi qveynis ekonomikis winsvlasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba gadascildes 

am zRvars da saSualo mcxovrebTa zonaSi moxvdes, amavdroulad Raribebis meore 

nawili SeiZleba axlos iyos Ratakebisa da saerTod arafris mqone macxovrebelTa 

zonasTan. am zonasTan daaxloebis manZilis gasazomad, msoflio statistikur 

Teoriasa da praqtikaSi SemoRebulia mesame maCvenebeli, romelsac siRaribis simwvave 

ewodeba da gamoiTvleba formuliT: P = 

1 q 

z y 

 

n i1 

z 

2005 wels gamocemul statistikur weliwdeulSi naCvenebia, rom vardebis 

revoluciis Semdgomi periodis mxolod pirvel wels siRaribis done saqarTveloSi 

2.5 %-iT Semcirda. es monacemi niSnavs, rom siRaribis daZlevis samoqmedo gegma 

warmatebiT amoqmedda. magram igive analizi cxadyofs, rom RaribTa qveda fenaSi 

(medianuri moxmarebis 60 da 40 procentis mimarT) siRaribe vardebis revoluciis 

Semdeg ki ar Semcirda, aramed gaizarda kidec, rogorc donis, siRrmis, ise 

simwvavis mixedviT. 

siRaribis miRma saqarTveloSi 1997 wels cxovrobda 46,2%, 2000 wels- 

51,8%, 2003 wels_ 54,5%, xolo 2004 wels _ 52,0%. 1 Aqedan, cxadia, rom vardebis 

revoluciis ASemdgomi periodis saqarTveloSi pirvelive wels siRaribis done 2,5 

%-iT Semcirda. imave 2004 wlis manZilze siRaribis donis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos 

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros statistikis departamentis mier 2006 wels 

gamocemul statistikis weliwdeulSi siRaribis donis Sesaxeb gaCnda axali cifrebi, 

romlebic gviCveneben, rom 2004 wlis pirvelive kvartalSi siRaribis donem Seadgina 

32,8% 2 , xolo 2004 wlisaTvis 35,7%, anu daaxloebiT orjer naklebi, vidre es 

naCvenebi iyo 2005 wels gamocemul statistikur weliwdeulSi. 

1 ix. saqarTvelos Sinameurneobebi 2003-2004 ww. statistikuri krebuli, Tb. 2005 gv. 152 

2 ix. saqarTvelos statistikuri weliwdeuli, 2006. gv.70 

i 

2 

 

 

 

q 

 

128

unebrivia, rom daismis kiTxva: ram gamoiwvia saqarTveloSi siRaribis donis 

orjer Semcireba? 

2004 wlis siRaribis absoluturi zRvari erTi Sromisunariani asakis 

mamakacze gaangariSebiT 151,7 laridan 84,3 laramde Semcirda. 1 xolo orjer 

Semcirebul saarsebo minimumTan mosaxleobis faqtobrivi Semosavlebis Sedarebam ki 

gamoiwvia saqarTveloSi siRaribis orjer Semcireba. 

saarsebo minimumi gamoiTvleba samomxmareblo kalaTis damatebiT gadasaxadebsa 

da Senatanebze. samomxmareblo kalaTa(minimumi) = sasursaTo kalaTa(minimumi) + 

arasasursaTo moxmareba + gaweuli momsaxurebis Rirebuleba. sasursaTo kalaTa 

ewodeba kvebis produqtebis im nakrebs, rac fiziologiuri normebis, maTi 

kaloriulobisa da sabazro fasebis mixedviT, minimalurad mainc saWiroa adamianis 

fizikuri arseboba ganviTarebisa da sicocxlisunarianobis SesanarCuneblad. 

sasursaTo kalaTis Rirebulebis gamoTvla xdeba moxmarebis fiziologiuri 

normebis gadamravlebiT sabazro fasebze. saarsebo minimumis gamoTvlisas 

mxedvelobaSi miiReba sasursaTo kalaTis Rirebuleba da is faqti, rom saarsebo 

minimumi erTi Sromisunariani asakis mamakacze gaangariSibiT TiTqmis orjer Semcirda. 

SeuZlebelia momxdariyo ise, rom ar Semcirebuliyo kvebis produqtebis moxmarebis 

fiziologiuri normebi. 

dReis.Tvis saqarTveloSi minimaluri sasursaTo kalaTis rekomendebuli 

Semadgenloba Sromisunariani mamakacisaTvis Seadgens 2300,0 kkalorias dRiuri 

moxmarebisaTvis. 

Tuki dinamikaSi ganvixilavT Sinameurneobebis samomxmareblo fulad xarjebs 

saSualod TveSi, SevamCnevT, rom sasursaTo nawarmze fuladi xarjebi sagrZnoblad 

maRali xvedri woniTaa warmodgenili, xolo ganaTlebaze, kulturasa da dasvenebaze 

fuladi xarjebis xvedri wona minimaluria. sxva xarjebis xvedri wilis TiTqmis 

ucvlelobis pirobebSi, sasursaTo nawarmze fuladi xarjebis xvedri wona 

samomxmareblo fulad xarjebSi mcirdeba da procentulad Seadgens: 2004 wels _ 

53.6%-s, 2005 wels _ 50.4%, 2006 wels _ 50.6%, 2007 wels _ 48,3%, es 

monacemebi imis maniSnebelia, rom mosaxleobis cxovrebis done umjobesdeba. axla 

vnaxoT, Tu rogor icvleba sasursaTo nawarmze fuladi xarjebis xvedri wona 

mTlian xarjebSi. es monacemebi procentulad Semdegi saxisaa: 2004 weli _ 34.7%, 

2005 wels _ 35.0%, 2006 wels _ 35.4%, 2007 wels _ 35.1%. im fonze, roca 

siRaribis done mcirdeba, Seusabamobaa is faqti, rom sasursaTo nawarmze fuladi 

xarjebis xvedri wona mTlian xarjebSi TiTqmis uvlelia. 

Tuki gadavxedavT arasamomxmareblo fulad xarjebs, SevniSnavT, rom qonebis 

SeZenaze fuladi danaxarjebi mcirdeba da Seadgens: 2004 wels _ 7,5 mln lars 

1 ix. saqarTvelos Sina meurneobebi 2003-2004 ww, statistikuri krebuli, 2005w. gv. 150 da saqarTvelos 

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros statistikis departamentis kvartaluri biuleteni, Tb. 2008, gv. 80. 

129

medianuri 

moxmarebis 60%-is 

mimarT 

medianuri 


mimarT 

medianuri 


mimarT 

medianuri 


mimarT 

medianuri 


mimarT 

medianuri 


mimarT 

2005 wels _ 7,7 mln lars 2006 wels _ 6.0 mln lars 2007 wels_4,4 mln lari s. 

xolo maTi xvedri wona mTlian danaxarjebSi TiTqmis 0-s utoldeba, rac 

mosaxleobis arasaxarbielo finansur mdgomareobaze miuTiTebs. cxril 2-Si 

mocemuli Sinameurneobebis mTliani Semosavlebi (fuladi da arafuladi) erT sulze 

gaangariSebiT imaze metyvelebs, rom saSualod vardebis revoluciis Semdeg 

SinameurneobaTa Semosavlebi erT sulze aWarbebs saarsebo minimums, magram vnaxoT, 

ras warmoadgens es Tanxebi 1996 wlis ucvlel fasebSi gadayvaniT, deflatoris 

gamoyenebiT, rac udris 2,0-s. 2007 wels SinameurneobaTa saSualo Semosavlebi erT 

sulze gaangariSebiT Seadgens 115,2 : 2,0 = 57,6 lars, xolo saarsebo minimumi 105,0 

: 2,0 = 52,5 lars. laris dolarze gacvlis dRevandeli kursiT, saqarTveloSi 

SinameurneobaTa saSualo suladobrivi Semosavali Seadgens 57,6 : 1,65 = 34,9 aSS 

dolars, xolo saSualo momxmareblis saarsebo minimumi 52,5 : 1,65 = 31,8 aSS 

dolars. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom msoflio bankis debulebiT Raribad iTvleba 

pirovneba, romelsac dReSi Semosavali 2 aSS dolarze, xolo Ratakad _ erT aSS 

dolarze naklebi aqvs, maSin saqarTveloSi yvela Sinameurneoba SemosavlebiT 

siRatakis zRvarzea, xolo saarsebo minimumi _ Ratakuri, 

siRaribis 

maCveneblebi 

cxrili 1. siRaribis maCveneblebi 1 

siRaribis done siRaribis siRrme siRaribis simwvave 

wlebi 

2004 24.6 10.9 8.1 3.4 4.0 1.7 

2005 24.1 10.1 7.6 3.1 3.6 1.5 

2006 23.3 9.4 7.2 2.8 3.3 1.3 

2007 21.3 9.2 6.9 2.7 3.2 1.3 

saqarTveloSi masobrivi siRaribis ganviTarebas safuZvlad udevs ekonomikis 

memkvidreobiT miRebuli CamorCeniloba gasuli saukunis 70-80-iani wlebidan. meore 

mTavari mizezi aris Tanamegobrobis sxva qveynebTan SedarebiT 90-ian wlebSi 

ekonomikis maRali tempebiT dacema, rac ganapiroba erTiani ekonomikuri sistemis 

moSlam, mokavSire qveynebTan kavSir-urTierTobis Sewyvetam da sxva mravalma 

subieqturma faqtorma: samoqalaqo omma, arasworma monetarulma da fiskalurma 

130

politikam, korufciis arnaxuli tempebiT ganviTarebam da sxva faqtorebma. Yovelive 

aman saqarTvelo miiyvana masobriv siRaribemde da saerTo krizisis ganviTarebamde. 

cxrili 2. SinameurneobaTa Semosavlebi erT sulze da saSualo 

momxmareblis saarsebo minimumi (lari): 2 

wlebi 

maCveneblebi 

SinameurneobaTa 

Semosavlebi erT sulze 

(lari) 

saSualo momxmareblis 

saarsebo minimumi (lari) 

Sromis unariani 

mamakacis saarsebo 

minimumi (lari) 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

84.7 

92.3 

102.7 

115.2 

74.7 

84.9 

94.4 

105.0 

84.3 

95.8 

106.5 

118.6 

Tanamedrove msoflioSi mravalsaukunovani istoriis, uZvelesi, maRali 

kulturis, agreTve mdidari bunebriv-klimaturi da xelsayreli geopolitikuri 

mdebareobis mqone qveynebidan iSviaTobas warmoadgens saqarTvelo, Tumca gamorCeulia 

siRaribis maRali doniT. Cvens qveyanas SeuZlia sakuTari sanedleulo bazis 

maRalefeqtiani gamoyenebiT ara marto sakuTari moTxovnilebani daikmayofilos, 

aramed awarmoos da miawodos msoflio bazars maRalxarisxovani Rvino, Cai, 

citrusebi, xili, bostneuli, mineraluri wyali, marganeci, feradi liTonebi, saSeni 

masalebi, agreTve Tvalwarmtaci bunebiT SeuZlia msoflio turistuli mogzaurobaTa 

centri gaxdes. 

sabolood imeds gamovTqvamT, rom sabazro ekonomika adre Tu gvian gonivruli 

samTavrobo ekonomikuri politikis gatarebiT srulyofilad gamoiyenebs saqarTvelos 

mdidar bunebriv-klimatur pirobebs, agreTve xelsayrel geopolitikur mdebareobas, 

ganaviTarebs qveynis ekonomikas da mecnieruli kvlevebi warimarTeba ara siRaribis, 

aramed upiratesad xalxTa simdidris Sesaswavlad. 


1. b. gabiZaSvili, z.kirvaliZe _ siRaribis portreti saqarTveloSi, Tbilisis universitetis 

gamomcemloba, Tb., 2003 w. 

2. g. Tarxan-mouravi _ siRaribe gardamaval sazogadoebaSi, saqarTvelo, Tb., 1998 w. 

3. saqarTvelos Sinameurneobebi 2003-2004 ww. statistikuri krebuli. Tb. 2005 w. 

4. saqarTvelos statistikuri weliwdeuli, Tb. 2006 w. 

5. saqarTvelos Sinameurneobebi 2003-2004 ww. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros 

statistikis departamentis kvartaluri biuleteni, Tbilisi, 2008. 

131

mcire biznesis ganviTarebis donis faqtobrivi analizi 1 

gvanca dgebuaZe 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. T. Sengelia 

saqarTveloSi msoflios sxva qveynebis msgavsad mimdinare periodSi finansurekonomikuri 

krizisia. aseT viTarebaSi qveynisTvis sasicocxlod aucilebelia 

arsebuli samuSao adgilebis SenarCuneba da axlis Seqma. arsebobs mosazreba, rom am 

situaciaSi mniSvnelovania mcire biznesis masobrivi formireba da ganviTareba. 

mcire biznesis ganviTarebas saqarTveloSi xangrZlivi istoria ar gaaCnia, 

marTalia, XIX saukunis dasawyisisTvis iyo biznesis warmoebis niSnebi,(viTardeboda 

xelosnoba, vaWroba, mevenaxeoba) magram qveynis bolSekikur mmarTvelobaze 

daqvemdebarebam erTianad CaaxSo yvelanairi perspeqtiva, vinaidan sabWoTa kavSirSi 

mewarmeoba miuRebeli saqmianoba gaxldaT, mewarmeebi represiebis obieqtebi xdebodnen. 

1991-1994 wlebSi marTalia, qveyanam damoukidebloba moipova, magram samoqalaqo 

dapirispirebebma da destabilizaciam SeuZlebeli gaxada biznesis warmoeba. 1995 

wlidan nel-nela, kus nabijebiT qveyanaSi biznes garemos Camoyalibeba daiwyo, Tumca 

korufciis manqanam da energo krizisma gamoricxa misi Semdgomi ganviTareba. 

situacia Seicvala 2003 wlidan, axali mTavrobis pirobebSi qveyanaSi SesaZlebeli 

gaxda jansaRi biznes garemos Camoyalibeba, gatarda reformebi da arsebuli 

kanonmdeblobisa da sagadasaxado sistemis pirobebSi gamartivebulia, mcire biznesis 

wamowyeba da warmeoba. zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, wesiT, saqarTveloSi mcire 

biznesi swrafi tempiT unda viTardebodes. 

miuxedavad am faqtisa, qyeyanaSi mcire biznesis ganviTareba aradamakmayofilebelia, 

saqarTveloSi mcire da saSualo biznesSi dasaqmebulia mTlian dasaqmebulTa 

25%, massin rodesac inglisSi igive maCvenebeli 49%-s Seadgens, xolo 

germaniaSi- 80%-s. ra aris amis mizezi? 

rasakvirvelia, es kompleqsuri problemaa da erT mizezs ar micavs, magram me 

gadavwyviete yuradReba, erT-erT maTganze gamemaxvilebina. vinaidan am dargis ganviTareba 

metwilad sazogadoebis iniciativazea damokidebuli, logikuria, problema swored 

aq veZioT. arsebobs mosazreba, rom sazogadoebis umetesi nawili ufrTxis saku- 

Tari saqmis wamowyebas, maT urCevniaT, monawileoba miiRon sxvisi produqtis warmoebaSi, 

vidre sakuTari riskis fasad akeTon biznesi. amboben, rom es jer kidev sab- 

WoTa kavSiris gamoZaxilia, vinaidan, kerZo mewarme didi xnis ganmavlobaSi oficialurad 

sazogadoebisaTvis miuRebel pirad iTvleboda, am xelovnurma stereotipma, 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna ` biznesis administrirebis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze da 

daimsaxura saprizo adgili, xolo studentTa 69-e sauniversiteto konferenciaze II adgili. 

132

daaSora sazogadoebis farTo masebi biznes garemos, konkretulad ki daaknina maTi 

riskis sferoSi moqmedebis unarCvevebi. Sedegad, sazogadoeba gaxda ufro damokidebuli 

sxvaTa Sromis nayofierebaze, Sesabamisad, saWiro aRar iyo damoukidebeli 

SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis pirobebSi, sakuTari qonebis fasad produqtis an momsaxurebis 

Seqmnis aucilebloba, anu riskze wasvla. sazogadoebaSi damkvidrda cru 

warmodgena realur cxovrebaze. bevri miiCnevs, rom Cveni qveynis mosaxloebas kvlav 

mcdari Sexeduelba aqvs biznesze da ar Seucvnia misi WeSmariti xibli, amitom moqalaqeebi 

mxolod maSin iwyeben mewarmeobas, roca Semosavlis sxva wyaro ar gaaCniaT. 

am problemis ukeT Sesaswavlad me Cavatare gamokiTxva-mokvleva. Cems mier, gamoikiTxa 

mcire biznesiT dakavebuli 145 mewarme, romlebic ewevian sxvadasxva saqonlisa 

da momsaxurebis warmoebas, TioToeulma maTganma Seavso Cems mier specialurad 

momzadebuli kiTxvari. 

gamokiTxuli mewarmeebis 27% biznes saqmianobas ramdenime Tvea eweva (0-dan 1 

wlamde), naxevari, anu 50% ,samewarmeo saqmanobiT dakavebulia 1-dan 5-wlamde vadiT 

da mxolod 23% gamokiTxulebisa marTavs sakuTar sawarmos 5-welze meti droiT. 

(ixileT diagrama #1) 

60 

40 

20 

0 

1 

2 

3 

Series1 

1. 0-dan 1 wlamde 

2. 1-dan 5 wlamde 

3. 5 da meti weli 

diagrama #1 

Seswavlili sawarmoebis 67%-Si dasaqmebulia 1-dan 5 kacamde, 23%-Si 

msaxurobs 5-dan 10-mde moqalaqe da firmaTa mxolod 10%-Si gvxvdeba 10-ze meti 

muSa. (ixileT diagrama #2) 

133

1 

2 

3 

1. 1-dan 5 kacamde 

2. 5-dan 10 kacamde 

3. 10-ze meti kaci 

diagrama#2 

rogorc aRmoCnda Cems mier gamokiTxuli mewarmeebis 73%-sTvis es saqmianoba 

Semosavlis erTaderT wyaros warmoadgens da mxolos 27%-s aqvs sxva finansuri 

saxsrebis moZiebis SesaZlebloba (ixileT diagrama #3). 

aris Tu ara es saqmianoba Tqveni Semosavlis erTaderTi wyaro? 

80 

60 

40 

20 

Series1 

0 

1 2 

1. diax 

2. ara 

diagrama #3 

me vTxove mewarmeebs SeefasebinaT maTi sawarmos efeqturoba da Semdegi suraTi 

miviRe (ixileT diagrama#4). 

40 

30 

20 

10 

Series1 

0 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

134

1.gamorCeuli; 

2.Zalian maRali; 

3. maRali; 

4.normaluri; 

5.misaRebi; 

6.damakmayofilebeli; 

7.aradamakmayofilebeli; 

8.uimedo situacia. 

diagrama #4 

CemTvis Zalian saintereso iyo imis garkveva, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba 

mwamroeblis ganaTleba mis saqmianobas. Cem mier gamokveluli sawarmoebis mixedviT 

aseTi suraTi miviRe (ixileT diagrama #5). 

3 

33% 

1 

44% 

2 

23% 

1.sruliad Seusabamo; 

2.sruliad Sesabamisi; 

3.nawilobriv Sesabamisi. 

diagrama #5 

e.i mewarmeebis 23% miiCnevs rom maTi ganaTleba absoluturad Seesabameba maT 

saqmaonobas(anu isini ekonomistebi arian) 44%-ma mipasuxa,rom isini srulebiT ar 

Seesabamebian maTsave saqmonobas da gamokiTxulTa 33% fiqrobs, rom maTi ganaTleba 

nawilobriv Seesabameba sawarmos mmarTvelis funqcias. 

Zalze saintereso tendenciis maCvenebelia mewarmeebis pozicia maTi saqmianobis 

gafarToebis perspeqtivasTan dakavSirebiT. gamokiTxulTa 78% saerTod ar gegmavs 

warmoebis raime formiT gafarToebas, mewarmeTa 16% gegmavs warmoebis moculobis 

zrdas, Tumca ar icis ra gziT miaRwevs amas da mxolos 6% mewarmeebisa gegmavs 

saqmoanobis gafarToebas ukve gawerili gegmiT (ixileT diagrama #6). 

135

1 

2 

3 

1.dagegmilia (gawerili gegmiT) 

2. gegmav 

3. ar gegmavs 

diagrama #6 

sabolood, zemoT aRwerili kvleva cxadyofs, rom mwarmoebelTa absoluturi 

umravlesobis saqmianoba emyareba primitiul logikas_ `mTavaria gavasaRo~.. maTTvis 

mTavar mizans warmoadgens arsebuli produqciis gasaReba da mogebis miReba, Semdgom 

aRar fiqroben mogebis nawilis kvlavwarmoebaSi gaSvebaze da winaswar ar gegmaven 

sawarmos funqcionirebas. amis naTeli dasturi isaa, rom gamokiTxuli mewarmeebis 

67% miiCnevs, rom dagegmva maTi sawarmosTvis ar aris saWiro. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom kvlevaSi monawile mewarmeebi ver erkvevian maT mier gaweuli 

xarjebis procentul maCveneblebSi, anu isini ar axdenen maTi saqmianobis analizs. 

aseT monacemebs erT daskvnamde mivyavarT, mwarmoebelTa absoluturi umravlesoba ar 

aris bolomde garkveuli maTi sawarmos SesaZleblobebSi da maTi gaTvlebi emyareba 

moklevadian periods. 

Cveni mxridan logikuri iqneba mcire biznesis ganviTarebis gzebis moZieba im 

qveynidan, romelic am mxriv yvelaze warmatebulia, es udavod, amerikis Seertebuli 

Statebia, romelic gvevlineba kidec mcire biznesis warmoebis fuZemdeblad. 

amerikis SeerTebul Statebi funqcianorebs organizacia „mcire biznesis 

administracia” romelic amerikis kongresma 1953 wels daaarsa. mis xelmZRvanels 

niSnavs qveynis prezidenti da amtkicebs senati. mTel qveyanaSi funqcionirebs am 

organizaciis 1000-mde filiali sadac 50-mde saxis programa funqcionirebs.erT-erT 

mTavar saqmianobad iTvleba sainformacio mxardaWera da gadamzadeba.sxvadasxva 

filialebSi mimdinareobs treiningebi da konsultaciebi, romlebic aerTianeben 10 

000-ze met yofil da axlad daarsebul sawarmos.aseve arsebobs individualuri 

midgomis konsultaciis da daxmarebis programebi.am organizaciis funqcionirebis 

mTavari mizani mewarmeebis mewarmeobiTi potencialis amaRlebaa, vinaidan gamocdilebis 

ar arsebobis da sxvadasxva problemis gauTvaliswineblobis gamo aSS-Si yovelwliurad 

axladgaxsnili sawarmoebis 85% kotrdeba. 

136

miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi arsebobs patar-patara sakonsultacio 

jgufebi, (`mcire biznesis ganviTarebisa da xelSewyobis centri~, èvropis 

rekonstuqciisa da ganviTarebis banki~, `saqarTvelos sawarmoTa xelSewyobis proeqti~, 

`saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis daxmarebis fondi~, `Ria sazogadoeba saqarTvelos 

fondi~ da sxva) isini ar atareben masStabur xasiaTs da mcire mewarmeebi 

umravles SemTxvevaSi ar arian informirebulni maTi saqmianobis Sesaxeb, amitom, Cemi 

azriT, idealuri iqneboda Tu CvenTanac Seiqmneboda amerikuli organizaciis msgavsi 

saxelmwifo organo, romelic masiurad gauwevda propagandas mcire biznesis warmoebas, 

mosaxleobas daanaxvebda Tavisufali bazris pirobebSi biznesis warmeobis 

WeSmarit xibls da xelmisawvdomi iqneboda nebismieri msurvelisTvis, gauwevda maT 

informaciul mxardaWeras, Cautarebda treiningebs, konsultaciebs, izrunebda maTi 

kvalifikaciis amaRlebaze. Sedegad moqalaqeebi informirebulebi, momzadebulebi, 

gaazrebulad wamoiwyebdnen sakuTar mcire bizness da Sesabamisad maTi saqmianoba 

gacilebiT produqtiuli da efeqturi iqneboda. 

mniSvnelovania, am organizaciam itvirTos analitikuri koreqtirebis funqcia 

arsebuli kanonmdeblobis daxvewis rekomendaciebis gawevis mizniT, rac gulisxmobs 

msoflios saukeTeso praqtikis moZiebas da maT morgebas qarTul realobaze,ara 

principiT copy and paste aramed adaptirebuli modeliT da sqemebiT. 

137

fiWuri kavSirgabmulobis biznesi saqarTveloSi 1 

lana sulakaZe 

salome vaSakiZe 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. g. erqomaiSvili 

saqarTveloSi fiWuri kavSirgabmulobis biznesi nela, magram stabilurad 

viTardeba. amJamad mobiluri kavSirgabmulobis bazarze sami komunikaciuri 

organizacia funqcionirebs: `jeoseli”, `magTi” da `bilaini”. maTgan `jeoseli” da 

`magTi” ori umsxvilesi mobiluri satelefono operatori kompaniaa. `magTis” 

organizaciis abonentebi Seadgenen 1900000_s, xolo `jeoselis” _ 2000000 

momxmarebels, rac ganapirobebs maT mier bazris monopolizebas. mesame moTamaSe _ 

`bilaini” bazarze 2005 wels gamoCnda da 280000 abonentiT qarTuli fiWuri 

kavSirgabmulobis bazarze aminds jerjerobiT ver cvlis. 

warmovadginoT “magTis’, “jeoselisa” da “bilainis” xvedriTi wona bazarze (ix. 

diagrama 1) 

2500000 

2000000 

1500000 

1000000 

Series1 

500000 

0 

magti jeocell beline 

Ddiagrama 1. `magTis~, `jeoselisa~ da `bilainis~ xvedriTi wona bazarze. 

aqedan naTlad Cans `magTisa” da `jeoselis” TiTqmis Tanabari konkurencia. 

jeoseli (Geocell) 1996 wlis seqtembridan Cndeba saqarTveloSi, rogorc pirveli 

GSM operatori. 

jeoselma 1997 wlis 15 marts ganaxorciela pirveli mobiluri zari da mas 

Semdeg ganagrZobs warmatebul funqcionirebas saqarTvelos komunikaciur bazarze. man 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna `biznesis administrirebis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze da 


138

pirvelma danerga saqarTvelos bazarze inovaciuri servisebis umravlesoba. is gaxda 

aRiarebuli kompania da 11 wlis manZilze mravali prizi da sigeli miiRo sxvadasxva 

damsaxurebisTvis. 

kompania daarsebis dRidanve zrunavs Tavisi abonentebisTvis maqsimaluri 

komfortis Seqmnaze da mudam cdilobs, srulyofilebamde daxvewos sakuTari 

momsaxureba. 

jeosels didi wvlili Seaqvs qveynis ekonomikis aRmavlobis saqmeSi, rogorc 

erT-erTi msxvili gadamxdeli. kompania droulad ixdis gadasaxadebs saqarTvelos 

biujetSi da xels uwyobs mis Sevsebas. dRemde kompaniam ukve ganaxorciela 315 

milionis investiciebi, xolo samomavlod igegmeba am cifris 465 milion laramde 

gazrda. am moqmedebebiT kompania xels uwyobs moqalaqeebis dasaqmebas da Sesabamisad 

qveynis ganviTarebas. is qmnis axal samuSao adgilebs da dasaqmebuli yavs 4000-ze 

meti adamiani. 

jeoselis strategiis erT-erTi sagulisxmo mimarTulebaa uangaro 

qvelmoqmedeba da mecenatoba. kulturis, ganaTlebisa da sportis mxardaWera – 

jeoselis savizito baraTia. kompanias Tavisi arsebobis manZilze asobiT 

gaxmaurebuli socialuri proeqti ganuxorcielebia, rac misTvis erTgvar reklamasac 

warmoadgens 

mobiluri kavSirgabmulobis kompania Sps “magTikomi” daarsda 1996 wlis 

TebervalSi, xolo komerciuli saqmianoba daiwyo 1997 wlis seqtembridan. D 

dReisTvis magTikomis mflobelebi arian amerikuli kompaniebi International Telcell 

Celular LLC da Telcell Wireless LLC. 

2006 wlis zafxulSi kompania, GSM-momsaxurebis srul speqtrTan erTad, 

pirvelad saqarTveloSi uzrunvelyofs mesame Taobis servisebis momsaxurebas: 

maRalsiCqariani interneti, videozari da mobiluri televizia. 

2008 wels magTikomi gacda mobiluri kavSiris farglebs, CDMA-450 

standertis qseli gamarTa da axali brendis – magTi fiqsis saSualebiT, 

saqarTvelos mosaxleobas fiqsirebuli, usadeno satelefono kavSiri da internet 

momsaxureba SesTavaza. 

rac Seexeba magTikomis meore brends: “bals”. misi gaSveba moxda 2005 wlis 

18 ivliss. baliT sargeblobs Zalian bevri adamiani, radgan am brendma moipova didi 

popularoba sazogadoebaSi. bali aris gankuTvnili yvelanairi adamianisTvis, rogorc 

axalgazrdebisTvis aseve saqmiani xalxisTvis. bals gaaCnia Tanamedrove servisi da 

aris yvelaze xelmisawvdomi. 

`magTikomis~ sakontrolo paketis mflobelia kompania `selfordi~, romelmac 

aqciebi amerikuli `metromediisgan~ 2007 wels SeiZina. mas hyavs 1 700 000_ze meti 

abonenti da is faravs saqarTvelos teritoriis 97%_ze mets. amJamad saqarTvelos 

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masStabiT funqcionirebs `magTis~ 43 ofisi. 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi `magTikomma~ saqarTvelos 

ekonomikaSi daaxloebiT 46 185 000 lari Seitana. 

magTis erT-erTi warmatebuli partniori kompaniaa saqarTvelos banki. maT aqvT 

erToblivi produqti gamoSvebuli – Magti Card. am baraTis saSualebiT 

momxmarebels SeuZlia mudmivad isargeblos uprocento kreditiT. 

wels magTikomma abonentebs siaxle momsaxurebis ofisebis mxrivac SesTavaza, 

rac imaSi mdgomareobs, rom momxmareblebs ukve kompaniis moZravi ofisebi emsaxurebaT. 

oTxi srulfasovani ofisi `borblebze~ mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT, regularulad 

moZraobs im dasaxlebul punqtebSi, sadac kompanias momsaxurebis stacionaluri 

ofisi araaqvs. aseTi ofisi am dReebSi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis 

maRliv korpussac moevlina. 

paralelurad, magTikomi mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi abonentebs aqtiurad sTavazobda 

sxvadasxva aqciebsa da ganaxlebul servisebs. gansakuTrebiT saintereso winadadebebi 

SesTavaza kompaniam sxvadasxva profesiis adamianebs. kerZod ki, Seiqmna klubebi 

masmediis warmomadgenlebisTvis, medikosebisTvis, jariskacebisa da Zalovani 

struqturebis TanamSromlebisTvis, fermerebisa da agraruli sferos warmomadgenlebisTvis. 

yvela am profesiis abonents saSualeba aqvs klubSi gawevrianebis SemTxveva- 

Si momsaxurebis gansakuTrebuli pirobebiT isargeblos. 

2008 wlis 15 dekembris monacemebiT, magTikoms arsebobis manZilze qveynis 

ekonomikaSi 700 milioni lari aqvs Setanili. rogorc kompaniaSi acxadeben, am 

maCveneblebiT 2002 wlidan magTikomi ucvleli lideria. 

saqarTvelosa da evropaSi magTikomma pirvelma danerga Push-to-Talk 

teqnologia (2004), xolo 2006 wlis ivnisidan – mesame Taobis servisebi. kompaniam 

2008 wlis noemberSi daasrula saxelmwifo struqturebisTvis erTiani 

sakomunikacio qselis Seqmnaze muSaoba da masSi sxvadasxva uwyebisa da saministros 

400-ze meti obieqti CarTo. 

bilaini axlad Seqmnili inovaciuri kompaniaa, romelic miznad isaxavs 

momxmareblis survilebis maRali xarisxiT dakmayofilebas. igi iyo pirveli, 

romelmac bazarze danerga yvelaze dabali satarifo gegmebi. 

bilainma saqarTveloSi SemosvlisTanave gadadga sakmaod gambedavi da erTi 

SexedviT axladSeqmnili kompaniisTvis wamgebiani nabiji, rac gamoixata imaSi, rom man 

momxmareblis mosazidad bazars SesTavaza warmoudgenlad dabali 2 TeTriani tarifi 

Siga qselSi sasaubrod. 

2008 wels bilainma abonentebs ramdenime axali momsaxureba SesTavaza, maT 

Soris, xmovani fosta-`Cemi melodia”, romelic standartuli zumeris nacvlad 

abonentis mier arCeuli melodiis Canacvlebas gulisxmobs. 

bilaini dafarvis zonebs zrdis da is ukve saqarTvelos yvela regions 

moicavs. amJamad kompaniis signali raWaSic vrceldeba. ukanaskneli Tveebis 

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ganmavlobaSi bilainma ramdenime aTeuli axali sabazo sadguri gauSva. regionebis 

aTvisebasTan erTad aqtiurad mimdinareobs signalis xarisxis gaumjobesebac. rogorc 

bilainSi acxadeben, kompania am periodisTvis saqarTvelos 90%-s faravs da 10 

regionSia warmodgenili. 

aRniSnuli organizaciebidan jeoselma da magTikomma TiTqmis erTdroulad 

daiwyes bazarze damkvidreba, xolo bilaini jer-jerobiT axlad Seqmnili 

organizaciaa da is Zlier konkurentad ver gvevlineba. bilainma saqarTvelos bazarze 

damkvidreba moaxerxa dabali tarifebiT, magram aman Tavdapirvelad uaryofiTad 

imoqmeda mis finansur mdgomareobaze. `jeoseli” da `magTi” lideri kompaniebi arian. 

satarifo gegma orives daaxloebiT msgavsi aqvT da amiT erTmaneTs uweven Tanabari 

SesaZleblobis konkurencias. es faqti dadebiTad moqmedebs momxmareblis 

interesebze, radgan konkurenciis gamo tarifebi mcirdeba da xelmisawvdomi xdeba 

yvela adamianisTvis. 

jeoselsa da magTikoms bilainisagan gansxvavebiT mravali inovaciuri servisi 

aqvT danergili. magTikoms ufro meti filiali aqvs saqarTvelos teritoriaze, 

vidre danarCenebs, mxolod mcirediT CamorCeba jeoseli. 

bilainis erT-erTi upiratesobaa dabali tarifebi saerTaSoriso zarebze 

sxvadasxva qveynebSi, rogoricaa ukraina da ruseTi. aseve is aZlevs Tavis 

momxmareblebs imis saSualebas, rom dabal fasebSi gaagzavnon MMS. 

ganxiluli kompaniebis dafarvis zona saqarTveloSi aseTia (ix. Ddiagrama 2) 

dafarvis zona 

magti geocell beeline 

90% 

99% 

95% 

Ddiagrama 2. `magTis~, `jeoselisa~ da `bilainis~ dafarvis zona saqarTveloSi 

2008 wlis agvistoSi saqarTveloSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma mniSvnelovani ziani 

miayena qarTul bizness. miuxedavad amisa qarTuli fiWuri kavSirgabmulobis bazars 

funqcionireba ar Seuwyvetia, piriqiT man mniSvnelovani roli iTamaSa 

dazaralebulTa dasaxmareblad. magaliTisaTvis: agvistos tragikul movlenebTan 

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dakavSirebiT “jeoseli” aqtiurad CaerTo iZulebiT gadaadgilebulTa daxmarebis 

procesSi. kompaniam patronaJi gamoacxada Tbilisis 103_e sajaro skolaSi 

ganTavsebul devnilebze da isini uzrunvelyo sxvadasxva sayofacxovrebo nivTebiT. 

garda amisa, SemoRebul iqna specialuri tarifi, romlis farglebSic yvela devnili 

wuTSi 9 TeTrad saubrobs. aseve კომპანია ”მაგთიკომმა” ამ მიზნით სპეციალური 

ნომერი 200399 აამოქმედა. აღნიშნულ ნომერზე დარეკვა შეუძლიათ ”მაგთისა” 

და”ბალის” აბონენტებს, ზარის ღირებულება 1 ლარია, დაგროვილ თანხას კი 

კომპანია დევნილთა დახმარების ფონდში გადარიცხავს. am ori kompaniisgan 

gansxvavebiT “bilains” araviTari saqvelmoqmedo aqcia ar ganuxorcielebia. amasTanave, 

saomari moqmedebebis dros kompania “bilaini” sruliad ver uzrunvelyofda 

momxmarebelTa komunikacias. 

saqarTvelos fiWuri kavSirgabmulobis bazris Seswavlis safuZvelze SegviZlia 

ganvsazRvroT, rom sworad Sedgenilma marketingulma strategiam, qvelmoqmedebam 

da momxmarebelze gaTvlilma aqciebma uzrunvelyo am samidan ori kompaniis warmateba 

bazarze. Tavdapirvelad SeTavazebulma dabalma tarifma mniSvnelovnad daazarala 

`bilaini~. garda amisa, igi bazarze axali Semosulia, amitomac ver uwevs Tanabar 

konkurencias `magTisa~ da `jeoselis~ brendebs. 

Aamgvarad, miuxedavad ekonomikuri da finansuri krizisisa, sxva dargebisgan 

gansxvavebiT, fiWuri kavSirgabmulobis biznesi saqarTveloSi warmatebiT 

funqcionirebs. 

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globaluri finansuri krizisi da misi gavlena 

saqarTvelos finansur sistemaze 1 

irakli xubua 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xeml: asoc. prof. lela baxtaZe 

globaluri finansuri krizisi jerjerobiT msoflioSi yvelaze aqtualur 

Temad rCeba. msoflio finansuri krizisi 2007 wlis zafxulSi aSS-is ipoTekuri 

dakreditebis bazarze dawyebuli krizisis Sedegia. aRniSnuli ganapiroba aSS-Si 2001 

wlis 11 seqtembers momxdarma saSinelma teraqtma. tempdakarguli ekonomikis 

stimulirebisaTvis FED-is (aSS-s centraluri banki) mier zRvarsgadasulma 

monetarulma eqspansiam, rasac logikurad ekonomikis yvela seqtorSi saprocento 

ganakveTebis Semcireba mohyva. kerZod, mTavari saprocento ganakveTi (sadiskonto 

ganakveTi) 2001 wels arsebuli 3.5%-dan 2003 wlisaTvis 1%-mde daeca da ase 

metismetad didi xnis ganmavlobaSi SenarCunda. amas daemata bankebisa da sakredito 

organizaciebis mier momxmarebelTa ricxvis gazrdis mizniT, msesxeblebisTvis 

standartuli moTxovnebis gamartiveba _ msesxeblebs Tanamonawileoba ar 

moeTxovebodaT. Sedegad sesxi misces gadaxdisuunaro Ffenas, mxolod im varaudiT, 

rom qoneba, romelsac isini sesxiT iZendnen stabilurad gaZvirdeboda. bankebi, 

romlebic amgvar kreditebs gamoyofdnen, male Tavadac dasWirdebodaT fuli, ris 

gamoc aRniSnuli sesxebis ufro msxvili bankebisaTvis “miyidvas” axdendnen. es 

ukansknelni ki uSvebdnen obligaciebs, romlebic am ipoTekuri kreditebiT iyo 

uzrunvelyofili. cxadia, obligaciebs ericxebodaT procenti da mohqondaT 

sargebeli TavianTi mflobelebisaTvis. amasTan, isini spekulaciis saganic xdebodnen. 

2006 wels ipoTekuri kreditiT uzrunvelyofil obligaciebs soliduri 

mogeba mohqondaT mesakuTreebisaTvis _ wliurad 9-11%-is odenobiT. amitom bankebis 

umravlesoba siamovnebiT abandebda saxsrebs aRniSnul aqtivebSi. Aamrigad, Seiqmna 

finansuri piramida, romlis safuZvels warmoadgenda uZravi qoneba. sinamdvileSi ki, 

aSS-Si fasebi uZrav qonebaze 20%-iT Semcirda, rasac daemata navTobsa da sursaTze 

fasebis zrda. Sedegad sul ufro met msesxebels gauWirda kreditis momsaxureba, 

ramac aSS-s bankebis gakotreba gamowvia. es krizisi, ra Tqma unda, gadaedo 

amerikasTan mWidrod dakavSirebul evropas, saidanac is danarCen msoflioSi 

gavrcelda. 

evropaSi pirvelad didi britaneTis sabanko bazari dazaralda. mas Semdeg, rac 

inglisis centralurma bankma didi britaneTis sididiT mexuTe ipoTekur banks 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna `finansebis, sabako saqmisa da dazRvevis ~ sakaTedro studentur 


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Northern-Rock likvidobis SesanarCuneblad Tanxa gamouyo, meanabreebma CaTvales 

rom banks gakotreba emuqreboda da TiTqmis 2 mlrd girvanqa-sterlingi moxsnes 

angariSidan. amis gamo banks seriozuli finansuri problemebi Seeqmna, evropis 

safinanso bazarze ki aJiotaJi daiwyo _ msxvili bankebis aqciaTa fasi daeca. 

zogierTi eqsperti krizisis mizezad farTod gavrcelebul derivativebs, 

kerZod e.w. “sakredito defoltur svops” asaxelebs. Tumca, Cveni azriT, aRniSuli 

svopis “kraxi” msesxebelTa mxridan valdebulebebis masobrivad Seusruleblobam 

ganapiroba, rasac, erTi mxriv, navTobsa da sursaTze fasebis zrda iwvevda, ris 

Sedegadac msesxeblebs gaezardaT mimdinare xarjebi da ver SeZles sesxebis 

momsaxureba. meore mxriv, ki, fasebi uZrav qonebaze romlis garantiiTac bankebi 

sesxebs gascemdnen, imdenad daeca, rom igi ZiriTad Tanxasac ver aanazRaurebda. am 

ori faqtoris mizezs ki warmoadgenda iafi fuli. amasTan pirvelad swored im 

bankebis aqciebze Semcirda fasebi, romlebic ipoTekuri kreditiT uzrunvelyofil 

obligaciebs gamoscemdnen. realur ekonomikaze krizisis Sedegebi 2008 wlis 

oqtombeSi makroekonomikuri maCveneblebis gauaresebaSi gamoixata. kerZod, aSS-Si 

umuSevrobam 6.5%-s miaRwia, rac yvelaze maRali maCvenebelia ukanaskneli 14 wlis 

ganmavlobaSi. umuSevrobis donem evrozonis qveynebSi 7.7% Seadgina. umuSevrobis 

yvelaze maRalma donem espaneTSi _ 12,8% miaRwia, rac Tavis mxriv, krizisis Sedegad 

samSeneblo industriaSi zrdis tempebis mniSvnelovanma vardnam da turistebis 

raodenobis klebam ganapiroba. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom CineTSi daaxloebiT 4-5%-iT 

Semcirda mTliani Siga produqtis zrdis tempi. 

krizisis Sedegad, 2007 wlis seqtembidan dRemde, amerikis FED-ma saprocento 

ganakveTi 3-jer daswia, garda amisa, gaamartiva dakreditebis programa. amerikul 

bankebs likvidobis problemis dasaZlevad, finansuri resursebis mozidva rom 

SesZlebodaT, aSS-s mTavrobam investorebs qveynis bankebis aqciaTa 33%-is Sesyidvis 

ufleba misca, rac adre akrZaluli iyo. amasTan, ukve imave wlis dekemberidan FEDma 

amerikul bankebs saSualeba misca misagan aeRoT sesxi vinaobis gaumJRavneblad. am 

mxriv kidev ufro Sors wavida evropis centraluri banki, romelmac 2008 wlis 18 

ianvars 348,6 mlrd dolaris sesxi gasca sabazroze gacilebiT ufro dabali 

saprocento ganakveTiT. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia 2008 wlis 3 oqtombers, aSS-is 

kongresSi gamarTuli sxdoma, romelzec senatma, ukve yofili finansTa ministris, 

henri polsonis mier ekonomikuri stabilurobis mizniT SemuSavebuli antikrizisuli 

gegma daamtkica, romlis gansaxorcieleblad 700 mlrd dolari gamoiyo, amasTan 

depozitebze sadazRvevo limiti droebiT 100 aTasidan 250 aTasamde gaizarda 

(evrokavSirSi ki-20 aTasidan 50 aTas evromde). depozitebis federalur sadazRvevo 

kompanias ufleba mieca, SeuzRudavad esargebla finansTa saministros fondebiT. 

amoqmedda 150 mlrd dolaris moculobis sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi, romliTac 

sargebloben mcire biznesis warmomadgenlebi, erT da met Sviliani ojaxebi da 

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ukanasknel periodSi stiqiuri ubedurebiT dazaralebulni. am gegmis yvelaze 

mniSvnelovan punqts warmoadgenda is, rom unda momxdariyo bankebis 

rekapitalizacia wilSi Sesvlis gziT. saxeldobr, bankebis mier gamoSvebul 

privilegirebul aqciebs saxelmwifo SeiZenda. aseve oqtomberSi safrangeTSi 

gamarTul samitze, evrozonis liderebma miiRes CarCo xelSekruleba, romlis 

Sesabamisad evropis calkeuli qveyana sakuTar bankebSi privilegirebuli aqciebis 

SesyidviT ganaxorcielebda investiciebs. maT aseve SeuerTda didi britaneTic. 

inglisis centralurma bankma 50 mlrd girvanqa sterlingi gamoyo privilegirebuli 

aqciebis SesaZenad. germaniis mTavrobam bankebis da sxva finansuri institutebis 

stabilizaciis mizniT 500 mlrd evro gamoyo. unda aRiniSnos, CineTis saxalxo 

respublikis xelisuflebis mier miRebuli antikrizisuli RonisZiebebis paketi. 

kerZod, ukanaskneli ori wlis ganmavlobaSi gamoyofili iqneba 586 mlrd dolari 

stiqiuri ubedurebis dros dazaralebuli mosaxleobisTvis, mcire Semosavliani 

moqalaqeebisTvis saxlebis asaSeneblad, satransporto qselis ganviTarebisa da 

inovaciuri teqnologiis danergvisaTvis. amasTan mTavroba sawarmoebisaTvis 

sagadasaxado ganakveTebis Semcirebas apirebs, rac daaxloebiT 17.5 mlrd dolars 

dazogavs. 

2009 wlis ianvarSi aSS-is axalma prezidentma warmoadgina antikrizisuli 

gegma, riTac gadsaxadebi 500 dolariT Seumcirdeba amerikis im moqalaqeebs, romelTa 

Semosavalic weliwadSi 200 aTas dolars ar aRemateba. sagadasaxado SeRavaTebiT 

isargebleben agreTve is kompaniebi, romlebic damatebiT personals daasaqmeben. xolo 

im kompaniebs, romlebmac 2008 wels zarali ganicades, SesaZlebloba eqnebaT, 

krediti 5 wlis winandeli finansuri monacemebis Sesabamisad aiRon. am gegmis 

mixedviT im bankebisa da finansuri organizaciebis top-menejerebis xelfasi ar unda 

aRematebodes 500 aTas dolars, romlebic daxmarebas saxelmwifo xazinidan 

Rebuloben. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia 2009 wlis 20 aprils londonSi gamarTuli 

samiti, sadac G20(”didi oceulis“) qveynebis liderebma SeTanxmebas miaRwies, rom 

ssf miiRebs 1,1 trln aSS dolars krizisis dasaZlevad. gamoqveyndeba im qveynebis 

sia, romlebic fulis gaTeTrebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi monawileobaze uars amboben 

da maT mimarT mkacri sanqciebi gatardeba; gamoiyofa 250 mlrd dolari 

saerTaSoriso vaWrobis stimulirebisaTvis; mkacrad gakontroldeba da regulirebis 

gareSe ar darCeba finansuri bazris arc erTi elementi; gaizrdeba Rarib qveynebze 

daxmareba, romlebic krizisis Sedegad gansakuTrebiT dazaraldnen da jamSi 2010 

wlamde, krizisis dasaZlevad 5 trilioni aSS dolari gamoiyofa. 

sayuradReboa, rom ZiriTadad adgili hqonda gadasaxadebis Semcirebas da 

saxelmwifo xarjebis zrdas, anu xorcieldeboda erToblivi moTxonis stimulireba, 

Tumca jerjerobiT man Sedegi ver gamoiRo. rasac adasturebs msoflio indeqsTa 

dinamika, magaliTad, 2008 wlis 1 oqtombridan 2009 wlis 15 maisamde Dow Jones 

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Industrial indeqsi 24%-iT Semcirda da 8206.7 dolari Seadgina. analogiurad 

Semcirda S&P 500 indeqsi da 882.9 dolars gautolda; 19%-iT Semcirda Nasdaq 

Composite da 1680,1 dolari Seadgina. 

Tanamedrove finansurma krizisma saqarTvelos ekonomikac daazarala. rac 

ganpirobebuli iyo Semdegi garemoebebiT: jer erTi, Cveni qveynis ekonomikis 

ganviTarebas mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs ucxouri investiciebi, meore, samomxmareblo 

bazris 80% importirebuli saqonliT aris gajerebuli, mesame, mosaxleobis 

udidesi nawili arsebobs swored danarCeni msofliodan miRebuli transfertebis 

xarjze da meoTxe, qveyanaSi arsebuli komerciuli bankebi sakredito resursad 

ZiriTadad msoflio finansuri bazrebidan mozidul saxsrebs iyeneben. Qqveynis 

ekonomikaze Zalze negatiurad imoqmeda agvistos omma, ris Sedegadac mniSvnelovnad 

Semcirda pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi (grafiki 1). kerZod, igi 2008 wlis III 

kvartalSi wina wlis analogiur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT 69.3%-iT, xolo IV 

kvartalSi ki, 73%-iT Semcirda. aseve mniSvnelovnad iklo ucxoeTidan miRebulma 

transfertebis odenobam (grafiki 2), rasac mohyva laris kursis dacema dolarTan 

mimarTebaSi (grafiki 3). 

msoflio krizisis gamo, bankebs sesxebi 1,5%-2%-iT gauZvirdaT, rasac 2008 

wlis gazafxulidan sabanko bazarze kreditis gaZvireba mohyva 

(grafiki 4). miuxedavad sesxebis gaZvirebisa, ekonomikis dakrediteba, agvistos omamde 

ar Semcirebula(grafiki 5). agvistos 5-dRiani omis Semdeg mosaxleobam masobrivad 

daiwyo bankebidan depozitebis gatana. saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebiT, 

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agvistoSi depozitebi 389.6 mln. lariT (grafiki 6), bankebis mTliani aqtivebi ki 

700 mln. lariT Semcirda, rasac logikurad gacemuli sesxebis moculobis kleba 

mohyva. 

Seqmnili mdgomareobidan gamomdinare imata urC gadamxdelTa ricxvmac. bankebi 

didi odenobiT gacemul sesxebs veRar ibrunebdnen. Kkredit-infos “Sav siaSi” 

Sesul (msesxeblebi 30-dRiani vadagadacilebiT) pirTa raodenoba 2008 wlis 1 

ianvridan 2008 wlis 15 agvistomde 130%-iT gaizarda da 80 aTas adamiani 

Seadgina(grafiki 7). 

zemoT aRniSnulis miuxedavad mTlianobaSi SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sabanko 

sistemam gauZlo aRniSnul forsmaJorul situaciebs da sxva postsabWoTa qveynebis 

sabanko sistemebTan SedarebiT SesaSuri mdgradoba gamoavlina. raSic Tavisi wvlili 

Seitana seb-is mier sarezervo moTxovnebis 13%-dan 5%-mde Semcirebam, aseve seb-ma 

bankebs finansuri mxardaWeris mizniT 150 mln laris sakredito resursi gamouyo 

13%-iani ganakveTiT, eqvsi Tvis vadiT. garda amisa, seb-ma refinansirebisaTvis 

damatebiT 150 mln lari gamouyo, 10%-iani 

ganakveTiT (amJamad 6%-ia). agreTve 

finansuri monitoringis saagentom likvidobis 

koeficienti 30%-da 20%-mde Seamcira, 

ramac bankebs damatebiT 700 mln lari 

gamouTavisufla. 

gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa, rom globaluri 

finansuri krizisis Sedegad mTels 

msoflioSi Seicvala ekonomikis marTvis Taobaze 

Sexeduleba. kerZod, momavalSi mosalodnelia 

ekonomikis marTvaSi xelisuflebis 

rolis gaZliereba, razec metyvelebs is faqti, rom londonis samitze erT-erTi 

ZiriTadi sakiTxi, razec G20 qveynebi SeTanxmdnen, iyo is, rom finansuri bazris arc 

erTi elementi ar iqneba datovebuli kontrolisa da regulirebis gareSe. 

147

sigaretis brendebis marketinguli 

kvleva qarTul bazarze 1 

qeTevan adeiSvili 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm. asoc. prof. m. veSaguri 

dRevandel swrafad cvalebad samyaroSi warmateba mxolod im kompaniebs eliT, romlebic 

brendiT suldgmuloben, radgan brendi aris TviT kompania. 10 wlis win kompaniebs 

mxolod TavianTi produqtebi ainteresebdaT, dRes ukve aqcenti keTdeba brendze. produqtebi 

bazrebze Cndeba da qreba, brendi ki rCeba, is maradiulia. 

brendi ufro metia, vidre ubralo saxeli da simbolo. es aris momxmareblis mier 

produqtisa da misi daniSnulebis aRqma, misdami damokidebuleba – yvelaferi, rasac 

momxmareblisTvis produqti da momsaxureba warmoadgens. brendi arsebobs momxmareblis 

gonebaSi, ase rom Zlieri brendis namdvili faseuloba aris misi Zala, moipovos 

momxmareblis yuradReba da SemdgomSi loialoba. brendis popularobisa da cnobadobis 

dadgenis saukeTeso saSualebaa momxmarebelTan urTierToba. mniSvlenovania maTi brendisadmi 

ganwyobis marTva, rasac aRiarebs nebismieri kompania mis mier gacxadebul misiaSi. 

kvlevis obieqtad avirCieT sigaretis bazari. miuxedavad socialuri tendenciebisa, 

romlebic mimarTulia mwevelTa raodenobis mniSvenlovani Semcirebisken, qarTveli 

mosaxleobis mesamedze meti am sasaqonlo kategoriis erTguli momxmarebelia. kvlevis 

Sedegebi saSualebas gvaZlevs garkveuli paralelebi gavavloT internacionalursa da 

qarTul brendebs Soris, ganvsazRvroT erT-erTis upiratesobis mizezebi da mis magaliTze 

SevTavazoT warumatebel, an nakleb popularul brendebs alternatiuli gamosavali 

bazarze Rirseuli adgilis mopovebisTvis. 

saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebiT Tambaqos warmoebaimportiT 

37 firmaa dakavebuli. maTgan 13 adgilobrivi mwarmoebeli kompaniaa, xolo 24 

importiori. amasTan qarTul bazarze wamyvani kompaniebia Tavmoyrili. msoflio bazris 

lideri sami transnacionaluri kompania Phillip Morris-i, British American Tobacco da JT 

International- i. maTTan erTad, adgilobriv bazarze ori msxvili mwarmoebelia: “saqarTvelos 

Tambaqos warmoeba” da “ojT”. 

dResdReobiT qarTuli bazari gajerebulia ucxouri warmoebis produqciiT. sigaretis 

mwarmoebeli ucxouri kompaniebi sakuTari produqciis stimulirebisa da bazarze adgilis 

damkvidreba-SenarCunebis mizniT udides yuradRebas aqceven brendingis koncefcias. 

Cvens mizans warmoadgenda sigaretis qarTul bazarze brendebis marketinguli kvleva, 

maTi cnobadobis donis Sefaseba momxmarebelTa cnobierebaSi da imis Cveneba, Tu ramdenad 

didi mniSvneloba aqvs kargad Camoyalibebuli brendis pozicias bazarze kompaniis 

warmatebisTvis. kvlevis meTods warmoadgenda anketireba. kiTxvari gaTvlili iyo aranakleb 

18 wlis mwevel an yofil mwevelTa kategoriaze. 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna `marketingis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze da daimsaxura saprizo adgili. 

148

gamokiTxvam cxadyo, rom mdedrobiTi sqesis warmomadgenlebis umetesoba mzadaa meti 

gadaixados sasurveli brendis sigaretSi. mamakacebi, qalebisgan gansxvavebiT, xelmisawvdom 

fasze akeTeben aqcents. 

mamakacebma 3 yvelaze cnobil brendad daasaxeles: KENT; WINSTON; CAMEL; xolo, 

qalebSi ki yvelaze cnobadi aRmoCnda Semdegi brendebi: PARLIAMENT; KENT; MARLBORO; 

SOBRANIE 

PALL MALL 

GAULOISES 

PIRVELI 

qalebi 

mamakacebi 

CARELIA SLIMS 

MM 

DAVIDOFF 

L&M 

CAMEL 

MARLBORO 

PARLIAMENT 

WINSTON 

KENT 

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 

diagrama #1. brendebis cnobadoba 

unda aRiniSnos, rom dResdReobiT qarTuli sigaretebidan yvelaze popularulia 

PIRVELI. davalebaze, daesaxelebinaT sigaretis romelime qarTuli brendi, respondentTa 

76%-ma PIRVELI- s mianiWa upiratesoba. 12 – 12% ergoT COMET-s da MTKVARI-s. 

kiTxvaze “romel sigarets eweviT an eweodiT”, mamakacTa umetesobam miuTiTa Semdegi 

brendebi : KENT; CAMEL; WINSTON . mdedrobiTi sqesis warmomadgenlebma ki upiratesoba 

mianiWes Semdeg sigaretebs: PARLIAMENT; CARELIA SLIMS; WINSTON. gamokiTxulTa umetesoba 

zemoT xsenebul brendebs upiratesobas aniWebs Semdegi mizezebis gamo: xelmisawvdomi fasi 

– 15%; maRali xarisxi – 44%; ubralod miveCvie – 35%; da sxva mizezebi – 6%. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom respondentTa mxolod 18% aqcevs yuradRebas jandacvis saministros 

gafrTxilebas, amasTan gamokiTxulTa 16%-ma ukve SeZlo mowevisTvis Tavis danebeba. 

resnpondentebs aseve unda mieTiTebinaT sigaretis is brendebi, romlebic ufro metad 

moergeba Semdeg gansazRvrebebs: 

qarTveli momxmareblisTvis inovaciur da farTo asortimentis mqone brendad dasaxelda 

KENT. ZviradRirebul sigaretebSi liderobs PARLIAMENT, xolo sxvebTan SedarebiT iafebSi 

– PIRVELI. originaluri dizainiT aRiarebul iqna kvlav KENT. WINSTON miCneul iqna 

sigaretis iseT brendad, romelic saqarTveloSi yvelgan SeiZleba Segvxvdes. sainteresoa 

isic, rom respondentTa umetesobam qalebis sigaretad aRiara MM. 

149

# inovaciur 

i brendi 

farTo 

asortiment 

i 

sxvebTan 

SedarebiT 

Zviri 

sxvebTan 

Sedarebi 

T iafi 

originalu 

ri dizaini 

yvelgan 

gvxdeba 

Qqalis 

sigare 

ti 

1 KENT KENT PARLIAMENT PIRVELI KENT WINSTON MM 

2 

CARELIA MARLBOR CARELI 

WINSTO 

CAMEL CAMEL DAVIDOFF 

SLIMS O A 

N 

SLIMS 

3 WINSTON WINSTON SOBRANIE L&M DAVIDOFF L&M VOGUE 

4 GAULOISES MARLBORO MARLBORO COMET CAMEL CAMEL ESSE 

5 MARLBOR 

O 

GAULOISES KENT CAMEL WEST PIRVELI 

PARLIA 

MENT 

cxrili @#1. sigaretis brendebis diferencireba sxvadasxva parametrebis mixedviT 

kvlevis erT-erT miznad davisaxeT gamogverkvia, Tu romeli wyaroebidan iRebs 

sazogadoeba informacias sigaretis mwarmoebeli kompaniebis, axali brendebis da saerTod 

sigaretis bazarze arsebuli siaxleebis Sesaxeb. gamokiTxvam gviCvena, rom sigaretis 

brendebis Sesaxeb informaciis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens bilbordebi (32%) da nacnobebi 

(27%). 

11% 

27% 

nacnobebi 

televizori 

32% 

interneti 

bilbordebi 

14% 

diagrama #2. sainformacio wyaroebi 

bolo droindeli socialuri tendenciebis gamo, SeizRuda sigaretis propaganda 

rogorc satelevizio, ise sxva sareklamo saSualebebiT, Tumca gamokiTxulTa 16%-s mainc 

axsovs satelevizio reklamebi. 

sainteresod miviCnieT imis garkveva, Tu sigaretis romeli brendis reklamebi aRibeWda 

momxmarebelTa gonebaSi. kiTxvaze - “ra gaxsovT Tqvens mier nanaxi sigaretis bolo 

reklamidan?” - momxmarebelTa umetesobam daafiqsira Semdegi pasuxebi: 

MARLBORO – energiuli kovboebi da cxenebi; 

COMET – latarea: manqanis gaTamaSeba; 

GAULOISES – lurji ferebi da franguli sityvebi: “ Liberte Toujours…” 

CARELIA SLIMS – lamazi gogona momxibvleli tuCebiT; 

PIRVELI – gaTamaSeba: avtomanqana “niva”. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom sigaretis yovel reklamas Tan sdevs jandacvis saministros 

gafrTxileba, rom is janmrTelobisTvis mavnebelia, man mainc Seasrula Tavisi misia da 

momxmarebelTa umetesobas Seuqmna dadebiTi ganwyoba brendis mimarT (56%). 

marTalia PIRVELI qarTul bazarze cnobadi brendia, magram sazogadoebis garkveuli 

nawili mas mainc ar endoba. qarTuli warmoebidan ASTRA iTvleba yvelaze arasasurvel 

16% 

sxva wyaro 

150

sigaretad, romlis SeZenaze uars acxadebs gamokiTxulTa 46%. Semdeg modis MTKVARI 

(24%), COMET (16%) da PIRVELI (14%). 

ucxour brendebTan mimarTebaSi sandoobis xarisxis gasarkvevad Catarda analogiuri 

gamokiTxva. gamovlinda, rom qarTuli sazogadoeba negatiuradaa ganwyobili Semdegi 

brendebisadmi: L&M; VICEROY; CHESTERFIELD; LUCKY STRIKE; MARLBORO; GAULOISES. 

brendebis mimarT undobloba aixsneba mravali mizeziT: dabali fasi, usiamovno gemo, 

cudi filtri da a.S. respondentebis 40% Tavis negatiur damokidebulebas xsnis 

sigaretis usiamovno gemoTi, 20–20%-s uaryofiTi damokidebuleba Camouyalibda dabali 

fasisa (e.i. dabali xarisxis) da cudi filtris gamo. gamokiTxulTa 12% undoblobas 

acxadebs sigaretis markis arapopularobis gamo. danarCeni 8% ki asaxelebs sxva mizezebs. 

sainteresod gveCvena im aspeqtebis gamovlena, rac ganapirobebs qarTveli momxmareblebis 

negatiur damokidebulebas erovnuli brendebis mimarT. kvlevis Sedegebma gviCvena, rom 

qarTveli momxmarebeli umeteswilad ukmayofiloa erovnuli warmoebis sigaretis 

xarisxiT(41%). respondentTa 29% qarTul sigaretze uars acxadebs usiamovno gemos gamo, 

14% iwunebs sigaretis dizainsa da SefuTvas, 12% aRniSnavs filtris uxarisxobas, xolo 

darCenili 4% miuTiTebs qarTuli brendis aracnobadobaze. 

usiamovno gemo 

29% 

xarisxi 

41% 

filtri 

12% 

aracnobadoba 

4% 

dizaini 

14% 

diagrama #3. mizezebi, ris gamoc uars acxadebT qarTul sigaretze 

CvenTvis aseve saintereso iyo sazogadoebis azri imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ramdenad 

SeiZleba gaxdes qarTuli brendi konkurentunariani ucxour brendebTan mimarTebaSi. 

gamokiTxulTa umravlesobas, kerZod 68 %-s, ar sjera qarTuli brendis aseTi 

perspeqtivis. danarCeni 32% ki optimisturad uyurebs am sakiTxs. es respondentebi 

miiCneven, rom amisaTvis saWiroa: mondomeba; teqnologiebis gaumjobeseba; xarisxis 

gaumjobeseba; dizainis, SefuTvis daxvewa; fasis aweva; gayidvebis stimulireba; 

ukanasknel 15 weliwadSi Tambaqos nedleulisa da produqciis warmoeba saqarTveloSi 

katastrofulad Semcirda: kerZod, nedleulis warmoeba 23 000 tonidan 1000 tonamde, 

xolo produqciisa – 16 mlrd Reri sigaretidan 2-3 mlrd Reramde. aseve Semcirda 

Tambaqos nawarmis asortimenti. mniSvnelovnad gauaresda nedleulisa da, aqedan gamomdinare, 

produqciis xarisxi, rac, bunebrivia, aisaxa momxmarebelTa ricxvze. Tu adre saqarTveloSi 

ZiriTadad adgilobrivi warmoebis sigarets eweodnen, axla mwevelTa 75% importul 

sigarets moixmars. am mizeziT qveynidan yovelwliurad 100 mln aSS dolari gaedineba, rac 

mniSvnelovani danakargia Cveni isedac mwiri biujetisTvis. 1 

miuxedavad amisa, unda gvaxsovdes, rom saqarTvelos aqvs yvela aucilebeli resursi da 

piroba Zlieri, konkurentunariani brendis Seqmna-ganviTarebisTvis. amaze metyvelebs 

1 . gazeTi ,,24 saaTi”, 12 marti, 2008 

151

qarTuli meTambaqoeobis istoria, misi warsulis gamocdileba da is potenciali, romelic 

jer kidev ar daukargavs mas. Sesabamisad, SesaZlebelia qarTuli sigaretis Zlieri brendimijis 

Seqmna. amasTan, saWiroa garkveuli cvlilebebis Setana marketingul strategiaSi, 

ramdenadac swori arCevani ganapirobebs stabilur warmatebas bazarze. gamokiTxvam cxadyo, 

rom qarTuli sigaretis mwarmoebel kompaniebSi stimulirebis uamravi saSualebidan 

ZiriTad aqcents latareaze akeTeben. faqtiurad ar arsebobs sareklamo slogani, romelic 

gadmoscemda brendis filosofias da unikalurobas. sigaretis mwarmoebeli adgilobrivi 

firmebi ver sTavazoben siaxles momxmarebels. igrZnoba inovaciebis nakleboba da 

asortimentis simwire, rac Tavis mxriv ubiZgebs pretenziul momxmarebels arCevani 

gaakeTos ucxouri sigaretis brendebze. Tambaqos dabal xarisxTan erTad momxmareblebs ar 

akmayofilebs sigaretis kolofis erTferovani SefuTva da dauxvewavi dizaini. 

qarTulma sigaretma ndoba dakarga momxmareblis TvalSi, ramac ganapiroba is, rom 

mwevelebi upiratesobas aniWeben ucxour brendebs, miuxedavad maTi aradamakmayofilebeli 

xarisxisa. amas emateba ucxouri brendebis cnobadobis maRali done. aSkaraa isic, rom 

qarTuli sigaretis fasi sakmaod dabalia ucxouri brendebis fasebTan mimarTebaSi, es 

garkveulwilad qmnis iaffasiani da uxarisxo saqonlis STabeWdilebas. amitom saWiroa 

fasis dawesebisas sifrTxilis gamoCena. Cveni azriT aucilebelia: 

a) Seiqmnas maRali faseulobis mqone brendi Semosavliani segmentisaTvis, maRali fasiT 

da farTo asortimentiT; 

b) Seiqmnas dabali TviTRirebulebisa da xelmisawvdomi fasis pirobebSi 

damakmayofilebeli xarisxis mqone brendi, romelic gaTvlili iqneba sazogadoebis saSualo 

Semosavlebis mqone segmentze. Tumca SedarebiT dabali fasi ar unda gulisxmobdes dabal 

xarisxs. 

momxmareblis dajereba qarTuli sigaretis brendis da saerTod nebismieri brendis 

upiratesobaSi advili ar aris. es moiTxovs Tavdauzogav, mizanmimarTul Sromas da 

pozitiur rwmenas, romelic moeTxoveba ara marto kompaniis xelmZRvanels an 

marketologTa jgufs, aramed kompaniaSi dasaqmebul TiToeul individs. Tu kompaniis 

personali savsea enTuziazmiT, maSin maT ZaluZT es ganwyoba momxmarebelsac gadasdon. Tuki 

TanamSromlebs ar swamT sakuTari brendis upiratesobis, maSin Znelia viqonioT 

momxmareblis mxardaWeris imedi am sakiTxSi. 

da bolos, Cveni azriT, SesaZlebelia qarTuli sigaretis brend-imijis gaZliereba 

ucxouri brendebis donemde, risTvisac aucilebelia xarisxis marTvis gaumjobeseba da, ra 

Tqma unda, marketinguli RonisZiebebis gatareba. es ukanaskneli gulisxmobs uwyvet, 

mizanmimarTul saqmianobas sigaretis momxmarebelTan axlo urTierTobis Camoyalibebis 

mizniT. rac, saboloo jamSi vlindeba sazogadoebis loialur damokidebulebaSi kompaniis 

da am kompaniis brendebis mimarT. es aris is, razec orientirebulia nebismieri Tanamedrove 

kompania, romelsac surs miaRwios strategiuli upiratesoba bazarze. 

152

momsaxurebis marketingis axali mimarTulebebi saqarTveloSi 1 

giorgi abulaZe 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. C. jaSi 

XXI saukuneSi momsaxureobis marketingi Zalian popularuli gaxda. produqtis 

warmoebasTan SedarebiT, momsaxurebis winswrebma ganviTarebam momsaxurebis marketingis bevri axali 

mimarTulebebi warmoaCina. 

sadazRveo biznesi erT_erTi warmatebuli biznesia momsaxurebis sferoSi. saqarTveloSi 

sadaRvevo biznesi SedarebiT naklebad aris ganviTarebuli. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi sadazRvevo biznesis momxmarebelTa ricxvma bolo 

periodSi sagrZnoblad imata, momsaxurebis marketinguli TvalsazrisiT is mainc samomxmareblo 

klasis pasiuri moTxovnis produqtTa siaSia. amis mizezi albaT is gaxlavT rom misi ganviTareba 

xdeba metad dinamiuri tempiT, magram ara farTo masStabiT. Mmosaxleobas jer kidev ar aqvs 

gacnobierebuli da aTvisebuli sadazRvevo momsaxurebis sikeTe da misi mniSvneloba. 

dReisTvis sqarTveloSi sadazRvevo kompaniebi momxmarebels sTavazoben 

momsaxurebas dazRvevis TiTqmis yvela saxeobaSi. mniSvnelovnad gaizarda 

daintereseba dazRvevis iseTi produqtebiT, rogoricaa qonebis dazRveva, samedicino dazRveva da 

samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis dazRveva. 

saqarTveloSi sadazRvevo saqmoanoba Sesabamisi sadazRvevo kanonmdeblobiT regulirdeba. 

iseve rogorc yvela sferoSi, sadazRvevo biznesSic umaRlesi maregulirebeli kanoni saqarTvelos 

konstituciaa, amas mosdevs saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi da SeTanxmebebi. magram garda amisa 

sadazRvevo biznesi oTxi ZiriTadi kanoniT regulirdeba. esenia: 

1. saqarTvelos kanoni dazRvevis Sesaxeb; 

2. saqarTvelos kanoni arasaxelmwifo sapensio dazRvevisa da uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb; 

3. saqarTvelos kanoni samedicino dazRvevis Sesaxeb; 

4. saqarTvelos kanoni parlamentis wevris sicocxlisa da 

janmrTelobis savaldebulo dazRvevis Sesaxeb. 

sadazRvevo saqmnianobis subieqtebi arian damzRvevi, mzRveveli da dazRveuli. 

damzRvevi aris piri, romelmac mzRvevelTan dado dazRvevis xelSekruleba. damzRvevi 

SeiZleba iyos rogorc iuridiuli, ise fizikuri piri. 

mzRveveli aris iuridiuli piri, romelsac kanoniT dadgenili wesiT 

miRebuli aqvs dazRvevis Sesabamisi saxeobis ganxorcielebis licenzia. 

dazRveuli aris piri, romlis mimarTac xorcieldeba dazRveva. damzRvevi 

SeiZleba imavdroulad iyo dazRveuli, Tu dazRvevis xelSekrulebiT sxva 

ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli. 

mzRvevels SeuZlia ganaxorcielos sadazRvevo saqmianoba dazRvevis 

agentisa da sadazRvevo brokeris meSveobiT. 

dazRvevis agenti aris iuridiuli an fizikuri piri, romelic moqmedebs 

mzRvevelis davalebiT da saxeliT, misTvis mzRvevelis mier miniWebuli 

uflebamosilebis farglebSi. 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna `marketingis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze da daimsaxura saprizo adgili 

153

sadazRvevo brokeri aris iuridiuli an fizikuri piri, romelic licenziis Sesabamisad 

axorcielebs dazRvevis sferoSi saSuamavlo saqmianobas, 

rogorc Tavisi samewarmeo saqmianobis saxeobas. sadazRvevo brokeris urTierToba mzRvevelTan da 

damzRvevTan ganisazRvreba maT Soris 

dadebuli xelSekrulebiT. 

marketinguli kvleva Catarda rogorc sadazRvevo kompaniebSi, ise sazogadoebaSic, kvlevis 

mizani iyo dagvedgina ramdenad popularuliaAaRniSnuli produqti qarTul sazogadoebaSi da 

ramdenad momgebiania igi rogorc biznesi. 

sadazRvevo kompaniebis umravlesoba rogorc iuridiul, ise fizikur pirebs emsaxureba. 

mxolod erTi kompania _ AIG saqarTvelo aris 100%-iT orientirebuli iuridiul pirebze. qarTu 

jgufis monacemebis mixedviT ki iuridiul pirebze momxmarebelTa saerTo raodenobis 95% modis. 

TiTqmis Tanabaria kompaniebis mixedviT iuridiuli da fizikuri pirebis raodenobis procentuli 

gadanawileba. 

sadazRvevo kompaniebis mier SeTavazebuli produqtebi mravalferovania. isini momxmarebels 

ZiriTadad Semdeg produqtebs sTavazoben: sicocxlis dazRvevas, janmrTelobis dazRvevas, qonebis 

dazRvevas, avtomanqanebis dazRvevas, pasuximgeblobis dazRvevas, tvirtebis dazRvevas, finansuri 

riskebis dazRvevas, sapensio dazRvevas. kompaniebis mier gayiduli produqtebis raodenobis mxriv 

yvelaze didi moTxovna janmrTelobis dazRvevaze modis. aseve popularobiT sargeblobs 

avtomanqanebis da pasuxismgeblobis dazRveva. 

diagrama # 1 diagrama # 2 

19% 

9% 6% sicocxlis 

dazRveva 

17% janmrTelobis 

dazRveva 

avtomaanqanis 

dazRveva 

28% qonebis 

azRveva 

21% 

pasuxismgeblo 

ba 

sapensio 

21% 

sicocxlis 

dazRveva 

3% 8% janmrTelobis 

19% dazRveva 

avtomaanqanis 

dazRveva 

qonebis azRveva 

21% 

28% 

pasuxismgebloba 

sapensio 

kompaniebisTvis momgebianobis TvalsazrisiT suraTi odnav icvleba produqtze arsebul 

moTxovnasTan SedarebiT. maRali moTxovnis Sesabamisad yvelaze Semosavliani janmrTelobis 

dazRvevaa. yvelaze naklebad Semosavliani produqti ki kompaniebisTvis pasuxismgeblobis dazRvevaa. 

(diagrama#2). 

sadazRvevo bazarze wilebis gadanawilebis Sesaxeb yvelaze naTel suraTs kompaniebis bunva da 

miRebuli Semosavlebi gvaZlevs. kompaniebis umravlesoba Tavis finansur mdgomareobas ar malavs. 

gamokiTxvis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebiT saSualo wliuri Semosavlis sididis mixedviT `bi si ai 

_ aldagi~ liderobs. sadazRvevo bazris sruli analizisaTvis da sadazRvevo produqtebze 

moTxovnis Sesafaseblad Catarda mosaxleobis gamokiTxva, romelTa dayofa moxda or kategoriad 

studebtebi (18_25 weli) da ara studentebi (25_78weli), saerTo jamSi gamoikiTxa 200 

respodenti. aRniSnulma gamokiTxvam miaxloebiTi suraTi mogvca sadazRvevo bazarze arsebuli 

moTxovnis Sesaxeb. miRebuli Sedegebi saqarTveloSi dabal sadazRvevo aqtivobaze metyvelebs. 

154

studentTa mxolod 12% aRmoCnda dazRveuli xolo danarCeni respondentebSic mxolod 20% iyo 

aqtivoba. 

diagrama # 3. 

sadazRvevo kompanoebis wili bazarze 

34% 

3% 8% 2% 

49% 

aldagi-bi si 

ai 

ji pi ai 

holdingi 

qarTu 

saxalxo 

dazRveva 

ai si jgufi 

sxvadasxva iyo is mizezebic ramac ganapiroba mosaxleobis sadazrvevo momsaxurebiT 

daintereseba: a) janmrTelobis momsaxureba Zviria-76%; b)sadazRvevo paketi iafi jdeba-16%; 

g)nawils saxelmwifo ixdis-6%; d)sxv.-2%. 

gamokiTxulTa mier dasaxelebuli iqna 4 popularuli sadazRvevo kompania: 

diagrama # 4. 

4 popularuli sadazRvevo kampania 

55% 

aldagi 

bi si 

ai 

11% 

irao 

25% 

ji pi 

ai 

8% 

miedi 

Lel 

1% 

sxva 

diagrama #5. 

79% 

21% 

piradi qonebis pasuxismgeblobis 

0% 

yvelaze meti popularobiT sargeblobs janmrTelobis dazRveva. danarCen adgilebs 

inawileben sicocxlis, avtomanqanis da qonebis dazRveva. erT-erTma gamokiTxulma aseve aRniSna, rom 

155

is sargeblobs umuSevrobis dazRveviT. aRmoCnda, rom pasuxismgeblobis dazRveviT arc erTi 

gamokiTxuli ar sargeblobs 

diagrama #6. 

dazRvevis sxvadasxva saxeobis xvedriTi wona 

sicocxlis dazRveva 

17% 

4%0%4% 

8% 

janmrTelobis 

dazRveva 

avtomaanqanis 

dazRveva 

qonebis dazRveva 

67% 

pasuxismgebloba 

umuSevrobis 

dazRveva 

kvlevis dros yuradReba gamaxvilda aseve gamokiTxulTa im nawilze, romlebis ar 

sargebloben sadazRvevo momsaxurebiT. 

diagrama #7 

ratom ara xarT dazRveuli? 

54% 

23% 

4% 

8% 

3% 

ar davinteresebulvar 

fulis 

uazrod 

xarjvaa 

Zviria 

vflob nakleb 

informacias 

sxva 

diagrama #8 

dazRvevis ar mqone pirebis moTxovna 

sadazRvevo produqtebze 

156

8% 

14% 

7% 

sicocxlis 

dazRveva 

janmrTelobis 

dazRveva 

9% 

avtomaanqanis 

dazRveva 

59% 

qonebis 

dazRveva 

pasuxismgeblo 

ba 

dazRvevis armqone pirebsac ki dazRvevis moTxovnileba da survili gaaCniaT, ramdenime 

maTgani apirebs mimarTos sadazRvevo kompaniebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom dazRvevis armqone moqalaqeebs 

Sorisac yvelaze didi moTxovniT janmrTelobis dazRveva sargeblobs. procentuli maCveneblebis 

mixedviT mniSvnelovnad CamorCebian danarCeni produqtebi. pasuxismgeblobis dazRvevis survili arc 

erT gamokiTxuls ar gamouTqvams (diagrama #8). aRsaniSnavia, rom dazRvevis ar mqone 

gamokiTxulTa 17% saerTod ar apirebs dazRvevas. 

sadazveo bizness aqvs imis potenciali, rom man saqarTveloSi daikavos pirveli adgili 

legalur biznesebs Soris misi maqsimalurad ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia bazris yvela 

segmentze SeRweva, damkvidreba da SenarCuneba, iseve rogorc dResdReobiT es sabanko sistemam 

moaxdina. mniSvnelovania yvela sazogadoebriv fenas, yvela asakis moqalaqes misTvis Sesaferisi 

momsaxureba SevTavazoT. amisaTvis ki aucilebelia saqarTvelos bazarze arsebuli produqciis 

ganaxleba, inovaciuri momsaxurebis SeTavazeba moqnili fasiT. 

magaliTad samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis dazRvevaTa Soris, zogierTi maTganis arseboba 

mosaxleobam ar icis, zogierTi ki, magaliTad, produqciis xarisxze pasuxismgebloba, saerTod ar 

aris damkvidrebuli. bevria iseTi produqtebi romlebic sakmaod warmatebulia, sxva ganviTarebad 

Tu ganviTarebul qveynebSi, da maTi morgeba SeiZleba qarTul realobaSi. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom kompaniebis umravlesoba Tvlis, rom uamravi faqtori arsebobs, rac 

sadazRvevo biznesis ganviTarebas aferxebs saqarTveloSi: sakanonmdeblo baza; savaldebulo 

dazRvevis ararseboba; sadazRvevo kulturis arqona; arajansaRi konkurencia; mosaxleobis dabali 

Semosavlebi; qveynis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba; dabegvris meqanizmi. 


1. http://www. bcng.ge/ ___ ბიზნესსაკონსულტაციო ქსელი - საქართველო 

2. http://www.economists.ge/ ___ saqarTvelos axalgazrda ekonomistta asociacia 

3. http://www.statistics.ge/ ___ saqarTvelos statistika 

4. http://www.moh.gov.ge ___ saqarTvelos Sromis,janmrTelobisa da 

socialuri dacvis saministro 

1. gari armstrongi; filip kotleri 

2. informacia mowodebuli iqna saqarTveloSi moqmedi sadazRvevo kompaniebisgan 

157

sainvesticio proeqtebis dafinansebis strategia 1 

nino gemazaSvili 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: asist. prof. Gg. qeSelaSvili 

globalizaciis procesi Seuqcevadad mimdinareobs. qarTulma saxelmwifom 

mniSvnelovani roli unda Seasrulos erovnuli interesebis dacvaSi, win aRudges 

globalizaciis uaryofiT gamovlinebebs, raTa msoflio sameurneo kavSirebSi erovnuli 

ekonomikis CarTvisas miiRos sargebeli, rac saqarTvelos TiToeuli moqalaqis 

keTildReobaSi aisaxeba. Mmsoflio sameurneo sistemaSi momgebiani integrirebisaTvis 

saxelmwifom unda Seqmnas ganviTarebis institutebi, romlebic mxars dauWeren 

investiciebs axal inovaciur proeqtebSi, stimuls miscemen inovaciur aqtivobas, xels 

Suwyoben progresul – teqnologiur Zvrebs, romlebic gaaerTianeben finansur, SromiT da 

informaciul resursebs ekonomikuri zrdis perspeqtiul mimarTulebebze. 

E ekonomikuri sistemis efeqtianoba ukavSirdeba mis ganviTarebas. investiciebis 

mozidvis amocanis gadaWra ara marto aqtualuri, aramed sasicocxlod aucilebelia. 

ìnvesticiebi~ xSir SemTxvevaSi aRiqmeba rogorc kapitalis dabandeba. Uucxour ekonomikur 

literaturaSi investiciebi–es aris fulis dabandeba Semosavlis, anda socialuri 

efeqtianobis misaRebad, es aris fuladi saxsrebi, fasiani qaRaldebi, qoneba, romelTac 

aqvT fuladi Rirebuleba, maTi samewarmeo, anda sxva saxis saqmianobis obieqtebSi Cadebis 

qonebrivi ufleba mogebis, anda sxva sasargeblo Sedegis miRebis mizniT. 

dRevandeli saqarTvelos geopolitikurma mdebareobam ganapiroba misi satranzito 

qveyanad Camoyalibeba. Aamis magaliTia ` didi abreSumis gzisa~ da `transekas~ proeqtebi. 

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba qveynis sawarmoo potencialis zrdas da am 

mimarTulebiT jansaRi sainvesticio klimatis Seqmnas. 40-ze met saxelmwifosTan, maT 

Soris aSS, CineTi, germania, italia, safrangeTi, didi britaneTi da a.S. ZalaSi Sevida 

SeTanxmeba investiciebis ganxorcielebisa da urTierTdacvis Sesaxeb. investiciebis 

moculoba izrdeba arasaxelmwifo dafinansebis wyaros xarjze, Sesabamisad mcirdeba 

saxelmwifo investiciebis wili, SeiniSneba ucxouri investiciebis zrdis tendencia. 

2004-2008 wlebSi saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebulma pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis 

moculobam Sesabamisad 499,1; 449,5; 1190,4; 2014,8 da 1293,7 mln aSS. dolari Seadgina. 

aRniSnulidan Cans, rom 2008 wels saqarTveloSi pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis 

moculoba mniSvnelovnad Semcirda. Aamis mizezi iyo saqarTveloSi mimdinare politikuri 

movlenebi (agvistos omi), rasac adasturebs Ppirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis 2008 

wlis kvartaluri monacemebi: I kvartali – 493.77 mln aSS dolari, II – 560.03 mln aSS 

dolari, III – 62.37 mln aSS dolari, IV – 87.53 mln aSS dolari. 

2008 wlis Semodgomaze yazaxurma kompaniam `yazmunaigazma” baTumSi 1 miliardi aSS 

dolaris Rirebulebis proeqtis dawyeba SeaCera. 2006 wels gaformebuli xelSekrulebis 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna `menejmentis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze da daimsaxura saprizo adgili. 

158

Tanaxmad, `yazmunaigazs” baTumSi evropuli standartebis Sesabamisi navTobgadamamuSavebeli 

qarxana unda aeSenebina. proeqtis SeCerebis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi ruseTis samxedro 

agresiis ganxorcielebis Semdeg gaxda cnobili. 

dReisTvis saqarTvelos xelisufleba qveynis teritoriaze didi energetikuli 

proeqtis _ `nabukos” ganxorcielebis imeds kvlav inarCunebs. am imedis safuZvels isic 

iZleva, rom azerbaijanuli mxaris gancxadebiT maT ar daukargavT interesi `nabukos” 

proeqtis mimarT. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondma sainvesticio mimzidvelobis 

gasazrdelad 750 mln aSS dolaris odenobis krediti gamoyo. saerTaSoriso savaluto 

fondis am gadawyvetilebis Semdeg saqarTvelos mimarT interesi ramdenime msxvilma 

investorma ganacxada. maT Soris `rak investment autoritim”, romelic foTis portis 

aqciebis 51 % - is mflobelia da romelic saqarTveloSi 2 miliardi aSS dolaris 

sainvesticio proeqtebs axorcielebs. 

saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri reformebis gatarebaSi mniSvnelovan rols asruleben 

saerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebi da donori qveynebi. ruseTis samxedro agresiis 

Semdeg saqarTveloSi axali investiciebi gamoCnda amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis kompania 

`doheni grupis” saxiT. es kompania infrastruqturis ganviTarebisa da mSeneblobis 

investirebas ganaxorcielebs. saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier ganxorcielebulma 

pirdapirma investiciebma 2006-2008 wlebSi Sesabamisad 8,7; 14,3; da 22, 2 mln aSS 

Ddolari Seadgina. 

investiciebis didi nawilia Cadebuli sawarmoTa rekonstruqciasa da teqnikur 

gadaiaraRebaSi iseT dargebSi, rogoricaa eleqtroenergetika, gadammuSavebeli mrewveloba, 

transporti da kavSirgabmuloba. energetikis sferoSi investorebis daxmarebiT 

xorcieldeba proeqtebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs eleqtrosadgurebis sareabilitacio 

samuSaoebis Catarebas. kavSirgabmulobis sferoSi ganxorcielebulma samuSaoebma 

uzrunvelyo mudmivi da Seuferxebeli kavSiri rogorc sazRvargareT, ise saqarTvelos 

raionul centrebTan. 

donor organizaciebs Soris gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania jandacvis msoflio 

organizacia, msoflio banki, evrokavSiri, evropis sabWo, aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis 

saagento, amerikis saerTaSoriso janmrTelobis kavSiri, didi britaneTis saerTaSoriso 

ganviTarebis departamenti, SvedeTis saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis ganviTarebis saagento, 

kanadis saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis ganviTarebis saagento, eqimebi sazRvrebs gareSe, Ria 

sazogadoebis instituti, germaniis teqnikuri TanamSromlobis organizacia, germaniis 

rekonstruqciis sakredito banki, wiTeli jvris saerTaSoriso komiteti, migraciis 

saerTaSoriso organizacia. 

dReisaTvis msoflio bankis sakredito portfeli saqarTveloSi 15 sainvesticio da 

1 sabiujeto proeqts iTvlis, romelTa dafinansebisaTvis mTlianad 286,8 mln dolaris 

odenobis 21 krediti da grantia gamoyofili. 

msoflio bankis saerTaSoriso korporaciis angariSi saqarTvelos #1 

reformatorad afasebs, Tumca saerTo monacemebiT biznesis warmoebis simartivis mixedviT, 

saqarTvelo 37 - e adgilzea. 

159

2007 wlis seqtemberSi, IFC–ma saqarTveloSi 23 proeqtis ganviTarebisaTvis 

daaxloebiT 258 mln aSS dolari gamoyo. IFC – is garda, energetikul sferoSi erT-erTi 

umsxvilesi investoria BP, romelic saqarTveloSi 1996 wlidan saqmianobs da mis mier ara 

erTi mniSvnelovani proeqti iqna dafinansebuli (baqo_sufsis milsadeni, 

baqo_Tbilisi_jeihanis navTobsadeni, samxreT kavkasiuri milsadeni da sxva). 

ucxouri da adgilobrivi investiciebis daxmarebiT xorcieldeba jandacvis, 

ganaTlebis, bunebis dacvis proeqtebi, sastumroebis, turizmisa da vaWrobis obieqtebis 

mSenebloba, romelTa dasruleba xels Seuwyobs qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebas. Tumca 

pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis ganxorcielebisas arsebobs imis realuri saSiSroeba, 

rom saqarTvelos erovnuli aqtivebis mflobeli gaxdes romelime ucxo saxelmwifo, rac 

erTi mxriv, ewinaaRmdegeba am procesis arss da, meore mxriv, qmnis saqarTveloze 

dainteresebuli qveynis mxridan garkveuli zegavlenis moxdenis SesaZleblobas. 

saqarTveloSi ruseTis sainvesticio aqtiuroba jer kidev 2003 wlis zafxulSi 

gamoikveTa, rodesac gakotrebuli aSS kompaniis èi i es silq roud~-is aqciebi `rao ees~ma 

Seisyida. s/s `madneulis~, Sps `kvarcitis~ da `trans jorjian resoursiz~-is 

privatizebis dros msurvelebs Soris iyo qarTuli ìndustria da energia kompleqsi~, 

avstraliuri, britanuli, kanaduri, Sveicaruli, avstriuli kompaniebi, Tumca tenderSi 

rusuli holdingis `promiSlennie investoris~ mier dafuZnebulma kompania `stenton 

equitiz~-ma gaimarjva, romelmac 35,1 mln. dolari gadaixada. igi `promiSlennie 

investoris~ Svilobili kompaniaa, Ee.i., cxadia, rom `madneulis~-s aqciebis realuri 

mflobeli `promiSlennie investori~ gaxda. Mmisi aqciebis mflobeli ki ruseTis saTbobenergetikis 

yofili ministri sergei generalovia. 

U zemo aRniSnulidan cxadi xdeba, rom ucxouri investiciebis Semodinebis dros 

iqmneba SesaZlebloba ucxo saxelmwifoebis kontrolirebadi kompaniebis, an fondebis mier 

moxdes saqarTvelos gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis obieqtebis aqciaTa sakontrolo paketis 

SeZena, rac ewinaaRmdegeba Cveni Qqveynis erovnul usafrTxoebas. sainteresoa am sferoSi 

evrokavSiris gamocdileba. evrokavSirma 2007 wlis energosistemis reformis gegmaSi 

moiTxova energokompaniebisagan sawarmoo da sadistribucio arxebis gancalkeveba da 

ucxour kompaniebs garkveuli limiti dauwesa evrokavSiris energo bazarze. amiT man Tavi 

daicva ucxo saxelmwifoTa zegavlenisagan. aseve kanadis mTavrobam 2007 wlis ivlisSi 

daafuZna specialuri sabWo, romelsac daevala sainvesticio aqtis gadasinjva im 

TvalsazrisiT, rom SemuSavebuliyo arakomerciuli miznebis mqone ucxouri sawarmoebis 

aRkveTis RonisZiebani erovnuli usafrTxoebis dacvisaTvis. 

aRniSnuli gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTveloSic sainvesticio 

gadawyvetilebani miRebul unda iqnes saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan koordinaciiT. aseTi 

obieqtebis nusxa unda ganisazRvros kanonSi `sainvesticio saqmianobis xelSewyobisa da 

garantiebis Sesaxeb~ Sesabamisi Sesworebebis Semdeg Ada dawesdes SezRudvebi. 

Cveni azriT, zemoaRniSnuli SezRudvebis daweseba aranair safrTxes ar Seuqmnis 

Tavisufali biznes-garemos ganviTarebas da ar gaauaresebs saqarTvelos sainvesticio 

klimats. cvlilebebi mniSvnelovania qveynis ekonomikuri usafrTxoebis amocanebis 

160

gadasawyvetad. maTi kanonmdeblobaSi asaxva ki xels Seuwyobs arakeTilmosurne 

saxelmwifoTa zegavlenisagan dacvas. 

rogor moaxerxebs qarTuli saxelmwifo, rom Seqmnas ganviTarebis institutebi, 

romlebic mxars dauWeren investiciebs axal inovaciur proeqtebSi, stimuls miscems 

inovaciur aqtivobas ekonomikuri zrdis perspeqtiul mimarTulebebze? 

albaT am sferoebis waxalisebisaTvis man unda gamoiyenos investiciebis mozidvis 

sabazro meqanizmebi. investirebis meqanizmebi moqmedebs mxolod maSin, Tu 

gaTvaliswinebulia am procesSi sabanko struqturebis monawileoba, rac axdens fuladi 

resursebis mobilizacias da aregulirebs maT moZraobas samecniero _ teqnikuri da 

inovaciuri programebis gamoyenebis mixedviT. sabanko struqturebi axdenen uzarmazari 

saxsrebis akumulirebas finansuri da sainvesticio institutebis Seqmnis gziT. bankebis 

monawileoba am sferoSi qmnis damatebiT stimulebs sainvesticio proeqtebisaTvis. arcerTi 

finansuri instituti ise kargad ar uzrunvelyofs sainvesticio resursebis moZraobis 

marTvasa da kontrols, rogorc amas bankebi axorcieleben. 

2007 wlis seqtemberSi bank `respublikasa” da saerTaSoriso safinanso 

organizaciis mier xeli moewera xelSekrulebas, romlis Tanaxmadac `respublikas~ gamoeyo 

20 milioni aSS dolaris odenobis 5 wliani krediti mcire da saSualo biznesis 

dasafinanseblad. 

E evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki erT-erTi umsxvilesi investoria 

saqarTvelos kerZo seqtorSi. mis mier dRemde ganxorcielebulia 81 sainvesticio proeqti 

energetikaSi, transportSi, agrobiznessa da sabanko seqtorebSi. 2008 wlis bolos 

Eevropis reskonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banksa da bank `respublikas” Soris xeli 

moewera energokreditis proeqts, romlis biujetic 5 mln dolars Seadgens da 

gaTvaliswinebulia fizikur da iuridiul pirebze sesxebis gacema. cxadia, saerTaSoriso 

safinanso institutebi exmarebian Cvens qveyanas, magram aqcenti unda keTdebodes samamulo 

warmoebis, inteleqtualuri warmoebis ganviTarebasa da misi konkurentunarianobis 

amaRlebazec. 

radgan sainvesticio proeqtis finansuri resursebi SezRudulia, aucilebelia 

sainvesticio gadawyvetilebis optimizacia. ramdenime alteranatiuli proeqtis SemTxvevaSi 

mniSvnelovania swori arCevanis gakeTeba, rac efuZneba saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi miRebul 

kriteriumebs. 

sainvesticio strategia ki proeqtis samomavlo saqmianobis grZelvadiani miznebis 

sistemaa, romelsac gansazRvravs misi ganviTarebis zogadi amocanebi da sainvesticio 

ideologia, agreTve, maTi miRwevebis yvelaze ufro efeqtiani gzebis SerCeva. sainvesticio 

strategiis SemuSaveba moicavs sainvesticio saqmianobis miznebis dasaxvas, misi 

prioritetuli mimarTulebebisa da formebis gansazRvras, axdens sainvesticio resursebis 

struqturis formirebas, ganawilebis optimizaciasa da sainvesticio politikis 

SemuSavebas. sainvesticio strategiis SemuSavebis procesi sawarmos strategiis 

umniSvnelovanesi Semadgeneli nawilia. misi elementebia: misia, ganviTarebis zogadi 

strategiuli miznebi, funqciuri strategiebi da resursebis formirebisa da ganawilebis 

meTodebi. amasTan, sainvesticio strategia garkveul TanadaqvemdebarebaSia proeqtis 

161

strategiuli arCevanis sxva elementebTan. sainvesticio proeqtis Camoyalibebisas pirvel 

rigSi unda SevimuSaoT da davgegmoT marketinguli stimulirebis sakiTxebi: investoris 

darwmuneba mocemuli proeqtis efeqtianobaSi, saqonlis gasaRebis stimulirebaSi, 

realizaciis saSualebebSi, distribuciaSi, `warmatebis formulasa~ da SemosavlebSi. 

SemuSavebuli strategiisa da marketinguli stimulirebis gansazRvris Semdgom 

aucilebelia proeqtis riskebis gansazRvra, maTi marTva ki proeqtis sicocxlisunarianobis 

ganmsazRvrelia. 

siaxles ar warmoadgens, rom `likani” Cveni drois erT-erTi warmatebuli brendia. 

igi mineraluri wylebis qarTul bazarze 2007 wels gamoCnda, dReisaTvis sabazro wilis 

mixedviT, mas erT-erTi wamyvani pozicia ukavia. udavoa, rom `likanis” warmateba kompania 

`borjomis” marTebuli gadawyvetilebis Sedegia. produqtis koncefciis Seqmnis pirvel 

etapze, `likanis” menejerma saTanado dro dauTmo mineraluri wylis qarTveli 

momxmareblis Rirebulebebis kvlevasa da èisiTis” daxmarebiT naTeli warmodgena Seeqmna 

momxmarebelTa faseulobebsa da cxovrebis postulatebze. kvlevebma daadastura, rom 

saxeli `likani” momxmarebelSi dadebiT reaqcias iwvevda, rac mineraluri wylis 

bunebriobasa da mis sasargeblo Tvisebebze miuTiTebda. gayidvebis tempma ki yovelgvar 

molodins gadaaWarba: realizaciis faqtiuri maCvenebeli dagegmilze orjer meti aRmoCnda. 

`likanis”, rogorc brendis, warmateba kompaniis warmomadgenelTa, dizainerTa da 

mkvlevarTa gunduri muSaobis Sedegi da axali produqtis ganviTarebisadmi 

profesionaluri midgomis naTeli magaliTia. 

amrigad, Cven SevacadeT Camogveyalibebina sainvesticio proeqtebis TviTmenejmenti, 

gagvesazRvra strategiuli mizani, Segvefasebina strategia, gagveTvaliswinebina 

marketinguli miqsi, riskis faqtorebi, risTvisac warmovadgineT erTi warmatebuli 

proeqti _ qarTuli brendi `likani”. `likanma~ swori dagegmviTa da marketinguli 

stimulirebis saSualebebiT gansacvifrebel warmatebas miaRwia. aqac…yvelaferi ideiT 

daiwyo... 

Ggamoyenebuli literatura: 

1. v. papava, `qarTuli oqro~, gaz. `24 saaTi~, 12 oqtomberi, 2007. 

2. Canada:Foreign State-Owned Investors Spark ,,National Securty’’ Concerns 23 Oktober 

2007./www.mondaq.com/. 

3.www.statistics.ge 

4.www.economy.gov.ge 

5.www.republic.ge 

6.www.bpgeorgia.ge 

162

testuri gamocdebis Casatarebeli programuli 

produqti `TEGAPRO~ 1 

zviad siWinava 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. d. siWinava 

testuri gamocdebis Casatarebeli programuli produqtebis Seqmnaze muSaoben 

msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis profesionali specialistebi. erTi SexedviT, es Tema TiTqos 

araa gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis obieqti. magram, Tu Tvals gadavavlebT aseTi proeqtebis 

Seqmnisa da danergvis, rogorc moralur, ise ekonomikur mxares davrwmundebiT, rom es 

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani amocanaa. dRes am mxriv erT-erTi novatoruli proeqtia Cvens mier 

warmodgenili testuri gamocdebis Casatarebeli programa TEGAPRO, romelic srulyofils 

xdis saswavlo process da studentebs swavlisa da meti sibejiTisken ganawyobs. 

proeqtis programuli uzrunvelyofisTvis arCeulia obieqt-orientirebuli 

programirebis ena Delphi. aRniSnuli ena sakmaod mZlavria. mas iyenebs kompania Microsoft-i 

Tavisi programuli produqtebis SesamuSaveblad. 

testuri gamocdebis programa TEGAPRO Seiqmna 2005 wels. igi waredgina 

saqarTvelos ìnteleqtualuri sakuTrebis erovnul centrs saqpatents~, romelmac 

aRniSnul proeqtze gasca saavtoro ufleba #2126. programuli produqti TEGAPRO 

saqpatentSi registrirebulia saxeliT `ziko~. 

testuri gamocdebis programa TEGAPRO danergilia da warmatebiT muSaobs rogorc 

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi, ise sxva 

universitetebSic. programas gaaCnia dacviTi meqanizmebi, romlebic gamoricxavs 

dainteresebuli piris eSmakur mcdelobas, raTa ar Seitanos garkveuli koreqtivebi 

programis muSaobaSi. qvemoT ganvixilavT programuli produqtis TEGAPRO-s 

SesaZleblobebsa da upiratesobas sxva msgavs programul produqtebTan SedarebiT da misi 

danergvis ekonomikur efeqtianobas. 

programuli produqtis TEGAPRO-s (TE-testuri, GA-gamocdebis, PRO-programa) 

gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia, nebismier saganSi, rogorc Sualeduri, ise sasesio testuri 

gamocdebis Catareba. 

programuli produqtis TEGAPRO-s SesaZleblobebidan SegviZlia gamovyoT Semdegi: 

programul produqt TEGAPRO-Si SeuzRudavia SekiTxvebisa da TiToeul testze 

savaraudo pasuxebis raodenoba; 

programuli produqti TEGAPRO Ria sistemaa, anu saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi 

SesaZlebelia programuli cvlilebebis Setana, e. i. adaptirebadia nebismier disciplinasTan 

mimarTebaSi; 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna `sainformacio teqnologiebi ekonomikasa da biznesSi~ sakaTedro studentur 

konferenciaze da daimsaxura saprizo adgili, xolo studentTa 69-e samecniero konferenciaze III adgili. 

163

gaaCnia dReisTvis miRebuli da aprobirebuli testuri gamocdebis standartebze 

gadasvlis SesaZlebloba; 

moxsnilia subieqturi faqtorebi, anu programuli produqti TEGAPRO gamoricxavs, 

e. w. fsiqologiur zewolas gamomcdelis (leqtoris) mxridan. es ki students aZlevs 

saSualebas, maqsimalurad gamoavlinos sakuTari codna; 

am sistemiT Sualeduri Semowmebis Catarebis SemTxvevaSi moxdeba studentTa 

Sefasebebis avtomaturi damaxsovreba specialur monacemTa bazaSi da gamocdis Sedegebis 

mixedviT saboloo uwyisis formireba; 

gamoricxavs ucxo piris gasvlas gamocdaze romelime studentis magivrad. amisaTvis 

sasurvelia winaswar Seiqmnas studentTa piradi nomrebisa da maTi fotosuraTebis 

monacemTa baza; 

programa saSualebas iZleva moxdes niSnebis avtomaturi gadatana studentTa 

erTian sauniversiteto bazaSi; 

programuli produqtis TEGAPRO-s saSualebiT SesaZlebelia, gamocdebis 

damTavrebisTanave, uwyisebis Sedgena calkeuli jgufebis mixedviT; 

programul produqt TEGAPRO-dan SesaZlebelia Sedgenili uwyisebis gatana EXCEL-Si 

Semdgomi damuSavebisaTvis (sxvadasxva saxis statistikuri maCveneblebis misaRebad). 

gamocdebis Catarebis sxva tradiciul meTodebTan SedarebiT programuli produqtis 

TEGAPRO-s upiratesobebs Soris SegviZlia gamovyoT: 

 

 

obieqturoba; 

gamoricxavs korufcias; 

gamoricxavs `Spargalkebis~ gamoyenebas (TEGAPRO-Si gamoyenebulia SemTxveviTi 

ricxvis generatori, romelic testebis bazidan garkveuli albaTobiT irCevs testebs. 

aseve adgilebs ucvlis arCeuli testis savaraudo pasuxebs); 

xels uwyobs (ganapirobebs) codnis miRebis aucileblobas da Sesabamisad 

uzrunvelyofs studentebis swavlebis donis amaRlebas; 

studentebisaTvis gamocdis Sedegebis operatiulad gacnoba (studentebi niSnebs 

igeben gamocdis damTavrebisTanave da ara 4-5 dRis Semdeg); 

pretenziebis ar arseboba (iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda. magaliTad, 700 studentidan 

Semovida mxolod 1 pretenzia). weriTi saxiT testuri gamocdebis Catarebisas ki 

pretenziebis raodenoba, saSualod, 10-15%-ia. zogierT SemTxvevSi ki 50%-sac aRwevs. 

 

sakancelario saqonlis ekonomia; 

adamianuri resursebis gamoTavisufleba: naSromebis gasworebisagan, niSnebis bazaSi 

Setanisgan, gamocdaze meTvalyureebis raodenobis Semcireba da sxva. 

programuli produqti TEGAPRO srulyofili sistemaa. misi interfeisi Sedgeba 

Semdegi Rilakebisgan: `daxmareba~, `dawyeba~, `testis Setana~, `niSnebi~ da `gamosvla~. 

ganvixiloT TiToeuli cal-calke: 

`daxmarebis~ dialogur fanjaraSi ganTavsebulia momxmareblisTvis saWiro yvela 

informacia programis Sesaxeb; 

164

`testis Setanis~ dialogur fanjaraSi ZiriTadad ganTavsebulia sxvadasxva sagnebis 

testebis Setanis, testirebis drois dayenebis da sxva mravali funqcia; 

`niSnebis~ dialogur fanjaraSi ganTavsebulia studentis mier miRebuli niSnis 

moZebnisTvis saWiro velebi, Zebnis Rilaki, jgufis uwyisis Sedgenis Rilaki, romelsac 

Tavis mxriv gavyavarT Sesabamis dialogur fanjaraSi, studentis Sesaxeb bazaSi arsebuli 

monacemebis amobeWdvis Rilaki da gamosvlis Rilaki; 

`gamosvlis~ Rilaki uzrunvelyofs programidan gamosvlas. 

`dawyebis~ Rilakze daWeriT SevdivarT dialogur fanjaraSi ànketa~, sadac 

studentma unda Seitanos Sesabamisi anketuri monacemebi. anketis dialogur fanjaras 

gaaCnia Rilakebi: `gamosvla~ da .`Semdeg~. studenti anketis Sevsebis Semdeg aWers Rilaks 

.`Semdeg~, ris Sedegadac gamodis misalmebis dialoguri fanjara. misalmebis dialogur 

fanjaras gaaCnia Rilaki .`gamocdis dawyeba~. am Rilakze daWeriT programa gadadis 

sagamocdo testebis dialogur fanjaraze. 

sagamocdo testebis dialogur fanjaraze ganTavsebulia: testis kiTxvisa da savaraudo 

pasuxebis velebi; marcxena zeda kuTxeSi ganTavsebulia studentis suraTi, saxeli gvari da 

11-niSna piradi nomeri; Rilakebi `damTavreba~, `wina~ (wina testze gadasasvlelad) da 

`Semdeg~ (Semdeg testze gadasasvlelad); sagamocdo testebis raodenobis Sesabamisi TeTri 

kvadratebi, romelTa daWeriT students SeuZlia swrafad gadavides nebismier testze; 

taimeri, romelic aRricxavs testirebis dros. 

rodesac studenti daamTavrebs testirebas igi aWers Rilaks `damTavreba~. ris 

Sedegadac gamova dialoguri fanjara, sadac kompiuteri ekiTxeba `ginda gamosvla?~. 

studenti aWers Rilakze OK da gamova studentis mier dagrovili qulebis Setyobinebis 

dialoguri fanjara. am fanjris gamoCenis momentidan monitoris ekrani `SeSdeba~ ramdenime 

wuTiT, rac gamoricxavs, arasasurveli qulebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi, studentis mier 

testirebis xelmeored Catarebas. 

Tu studenti ver Caetia testirebisTvis gankuTvnil droSi, maSin programa iblokeba da 

students ar SeuZlia testirebis gagrZeleba. mas SeuZlia mxolod testirebis Sewyveta 

RilakiT `damTavreba~. 

garda aRwerilisa warmodgenil programul produqt TEGAPRO-s gaaCnia uamravi 

SesaZleblobebi, romelTa CamoTvla Sors wagviyvans. 

axla ganvixiloT, Tu ra ekonomikuri efeqti gaaCnia Cvens mier SemoTavazebul programul 

produqts. 

moviyvanoT programuli produqtis TEGAPRO-s ekonomikuri efeqtianobis dasabuTeba 

Tsu ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis magaliTze. 

programuli produqtis TEGAPRO-Tvis aucilebeli da sakmarisia Tanamedrove 

kompiuteruli klasebis arseboba. 

ekonomikuri efeqtianobis gaangariSeba gavakeToT or nawilad: pirveli _ SevadginoT 

tradiciuli meTodiT testuri gamocdebis Catarebis xarjTaRricxva da meore _ 

kompiuteruli wesiT testuri gamocdebis Catarebis xarjTaRricxva. 

xarjTaRricxvaSi fuladi saxsrebis ekonomia, zogadad, SeiZleba gamovsaxoT Semdegi 

formuliT 

165

C ek = C 0 - C 1, (1) 

sadac C ek _ fuladi saxsrebis ekonomiaa, romelic miiReba erT sagamocdo disciplinaSi 

weriTi testuri gamocdebisa da kompiuterebis gamoyenebiT testuri gamocdebis Catarebaze 

gaweuli danaxarjebis sxvaobiT. 

(1) formulaSi C 0 _ weriTi saxiT testuri gamocdebis CatarebasTan dakavSirebuli fuladi 

danaxarjebia; 

C 1 _ kompiuteruli wesiT testuri gamocdebis Catarebisas saWiro fuladi danaxarjebia. 

Cvens SemTxvevaSi C 0 Seicavs Semdegs: qseroqsis xarjebs (175 l), weriTi saxiT 

warmodgenili namuSevrebis gasworebisTvis saWiro xelfasis sidides (700 l), testuri 

gamocdebis mimdinareobis organizaciaze gaweul danaxarjebs (525 l) da uwyisebidan 

studentTa monacemebis SetanisTvis mdivan-menejeris xelfasis sidides (11,0 l). sul _ 

C 0 =1411 lars. 

C 1 Seicavs Semdegs: damkvirveblebis xelfass (120 l) da kompiuteris eqspluataciis 

xarjs (21,6 l). sul _ C 1 =141,6 lars. 

Tu (1) formulaSi CavsvamT miRebul monacemebs, maSin 

C ek =1411-141,6=1269,4 l 

Tu aviRebT, rom studenti orive semestrSi saSualod abarebs 8 sagans, maSin wliuri 

ekonomia 700 studentze gaTvliT toli iqneba- 

8 X 1269,4=10155,2 l 

Tu 10155,2 l gavamravlebT 4 kursze miviRebT _ 40620,8 l. 

Tu studenti orive semestrSi saSualod abarebs 10 sagans, maSin wliuri ekonomia 

700 studentze gaTvliT toli iqneba- 

10 X 1269,4=12694 l 

Tu 12694 l gavamravlebT 4 kursze miviRebT _ 50776 l. 

Tu studenti orive semestrSi saSualod abarebs 12 sagans, maSin wliuri ekonomia 

700 studentze gaTvliT toli iqneba- 

12 X 1269,4=15232,8 l 

Tu 15232,8 l gavamravlebT 4 kursze miviRebT _ 60931,2 l. 

samive SemTxvevaSi miRebul Tanxas unda gamoakldes programuli produqtis TEGAPRO-s 

Rirebuleba. 

amrigad, warmodgenili proeqtis Seqmnisa da danergvis Sedegad miRebuli, rogorc 

moraluri, ise ekonomikuri efeqti mniSvnelovania. garda amisa, naTlad Cans, testuri 

gamocdebis Casatarebeli programa TEGAPRO-s inovaciuroba. misi danergva saswavlo 

procesis xarisxis amaRlebis erT-erT saSualebadac gvevlineba. 

166

informaciuli sazogadoebis ekonomikis 

ganviTarebis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi 1 

nikoloz cxadaia 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: asoc. prof. enver lagvilava 

axali ekonomikis (New Economy), rogorc axali tipis ekonomikuri sistemis warmoSoba 

xorcieldeba qseluri teqnologiebis saSualebiT erTiani informaciul-sakomunikacio sivrcis 

formirebis intensiur procesSi. 

ukanasknel periodSi termini ,,axali ekonomika~ samecniero literaturaSi gansakuTrebiT 

xSirad ixmareba da ZiriTadad ori mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba. pirvel rigSi axali ekonomikis qveS 

igulisxmeba ekonomikis is nawili, romelic Sedgeba iseTi maRalteqnologiuri dargebisagan, 

rogoricaa-kompiuterebis warmoeba, sakomunikacio sistemebis Seqmna, programuli uzrunvelyofa, 

bioteqnologia da sxva. am gagebiT, axali ekonomika ganisazRvreba, rogorc maRalteqnologiuri 

elementebiT gamorCeuli dargebis erToblioba. meore mniSvnelobiT àxali ekonomika~ gulisxmobs 

maRali teqnologiebis makroekonomikur parametrebze zegavlenas. igi ZiriTadad swored am 

mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba, radgan ukeT gamoxatavs Tanamedrove ekonomikis ganviTarebis 

Taviseburebebs. 

axal ekonomikas zogjer uwodeben virtualur ekonomikas (Virtual Economy), raTa xazi gausvan 

Zveli, tradiciuli ekonomikisagan mis gansxvavebas. virtualuri ekonomika warmoadgens 

gansakuTrebul ekonomikur garemos, romelSic SesaZlebelia eleqtronuli biznesis (Sesabamisad, 

eleqtronuli komerciisa da vaWrobis) warmarTva interaqtiuri SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebis 

safuZvelze. 

aseve gamoiyeneba termini codnis ekonomika (Economy of Knowledge). codnis ekonomika 

fokusirdeba codnis, rogorc ekonomikis procesebze zemoqmedi fenomenis menejmentsa da warmoebaze. 

xSirad gamoiyeneba da gulisxmobs codnis teqnologiebis (codnis inJineria da codnis menejmenti) 

gamoyenebas ekonomikuri sargeblis sawarmoeblad. 

ekonomistTa nawili axali ekonomikuri movlenebis ganxilvisas gvTavazobs gamoTqmas `qseluri 

ekonomika~ (Network Economy). aseTi midgoma gamarTlebulia, radgan maRalteqnologiuri dargebi 

swored qseluri sikeTis warmoebiT arian dakavebuli. qseli Seicavs unikalur Tvisebebs da 

gansazRvravs axali ekonomikis Taviseburebebs. 

àxali ekonomikis~ bevri mkvlevari miuTiTebs Tavis naSromSi inovaciis umniSvnelovanes 

fenomenze ekonomikis ganviTarebisaTvis da acxadebs, rom “axali ekonomika” arsebiTad inovaciuri 

ekonomikaa. 

m. kastelsi gamoyofs axali ekonomikis xuT ZiriTad maxasiaTebels: 

1. mwarmoebluroba, roca sul ufro metadaa damokidebuli Tanamedrove mecnierebisa da teqnikis 

miRwevebis gamoyenebaze, aseve informaciisa da menejmentis xarisxze; 

2. momxmareblebisa da mwarmoeblebis yuradRebis gadatana materialuri warmoebidan 

informaciul saqmianobaze; 

3. sawarmoo procesis organizaciis Zireuli transformacia; 



167

4. ekonomikis globaluri xasiaTi, rodesac kapitali, warmoeba, menejmenti, bazari, Sroma, 

informacia da teqnologiebi organizebulia nacionaluri sazRvrebisagan damoukideblad; 

5. teqnologiuri cvlilebebis revoluciuri xasiaTi, rac TandaTanobiT gardaqmnis 

Tanamedrove msoflios materialur safuZvlebs; 

aseve mniSvnelovania zogadad Tanamedrove ekonomistebis mier aRiarebuli debulebebi: 

_ mimdinare cvlilebebis globaluri xasiaTi; 

_ operireba abstraqtuli, araxelSesaxebi sikeTeebiT: ideebiT, informaciiT da 

urTierTdamokidebulebebiT; 

_ axali ekonomikis calkeuli segmentebis mWidro urTierTkavSiri da urTierTqmedeba; 

teqnologiuri cvlilebebis TvalsazrisiT, sainteresoa, cnobili ekonomistis d. tapskotis mier 

mocemuli Zveli da axali teqnologiebis niSan-TvisebaTa Sedareba-sistematizacia. igi axali 

ekonomikis mTavar ganmasxvavebel Tvisebad aRiqvams axali informaciuli teqnologiebis 

inteleqtualizaciisa da qselur orientaciasTan dakavSirebul parametrebs da gamoyofs 10 

ZiriTad ganmsazRvrel cvlilebas teqnologiebSi (ix. cxrili 1) 

cxrili 1. 

niSani Zveli teqnologiebi axali teqnologiebi 

1. signali analogiuri cifruli 

2. procesorebi tradiciuli, 

naxevargamtarebze 

3 gamoTvliTi 

kompleqsi 

didi egm-is bazaze 

mikroprocesorebi 

klient-serveris arqiteqtura 

4. gamtarunarianoba baRis biliki informaciuli magistrali 

5. mowyobiloba SeRwevis mowyobiloba 

inteleqtis gareSe 

6. informaciis 

warmodgenis formati 

monacemebi, teqsti, 

bgera, gamosaxuleba 

7. sistemebi specializirebuli Ria 

informaciuli sayofacxovrebo 

aparatura 

multimedia 

8. qselebi arainteleqtualuri inteleqtualuri 

9. programis 

SemuSaveba 

xelobis doneze 

10. interfeisi momxmareblis grafikuli 

interfeisi (GUI) 

obieqt-orientirebuli programireba 

mravalmomxmarebliani sistema(MUD) 

multimediuri interfeisi(MUI) 

axal ekonomikaze gardamavali etapi, informaciuli sazogadoebis ganviTarebis xarjze Tavis 

TavSi moicavs axali wesebis dakanonebas, sadac iseT terminebi rogoricaa nou-hau da eqspertis 

codna iseTive mniSvnelovani resursi iqneba rogoric industriul ekonomikaSia sxvadasxva 

nedleuli. axali wesebi unda daiweros firmebisa da sawarmoebis doneze, rac gulisxmobs codnis 

menejmentis daxvewas. 

axali ekonomika, SeiZleba iTqvas warmoadgens, rogorc postindustriuli ekonomikis 

ganviTarebis etapebs: 

_ warmoebis faqtorTa struqturebis cvlileba maTSi informatizaciis gamoyofiT; 

_ obieqtis struqturasa da sakuTrebis formebs Soris Tanafardobis (damokidebulebis) cvlileba; 

168

_ axali socialuri fenebisa da socialuri struqturebis formireba da a.S. 

informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyenebis Sedegad izrdeba mwarmoebluroba, rasac 

mivyavarT mogebis matebamde, magram mxolod moklevadian periodSi. grZelvadian periodSi ki 

mogeba mcirdeba monopoliur bazarze mZafri konkurenciis gamo. 

mcirdeba informaciis fasi, radgan TviTon inovaciis procesi iZleva SesaZleblobas, 

rom informacia damuSavdes gacilebiT swrafad da iafad. es procesi SesaZlebelia 

grafikulad warmovadginoT “erToblivi moTxovna – erToblivi miwodebis” modelis 

gamoyenebiT: 

P –informaciis fasia; 

LAS – erToblivi miwodebis 

xangrZlivvadiani mrudia; 

AD – erToblivi moTxovnaa; 

Y – gamoSvebis moculobaa; 

informaciis fasis Semcireba am grafikze aisaxeba 

erToblivi miwodebis mrudis (LAS) gadaadgilebiT 

marjvniv. e.i. teqnologiuri cvlilebebis gamo 

informaciis fasi daeca P1 dan P2-mde, xolo gamoSvebis moculoba gaizarda Y1-dan Y2-mde. 

qseluri sikeTe gamoirCeva imiT, rom maTi kvlavwarmoeba (warmoqmna) SeiZleba 

praqtikulad nulovani, zRvruli danaxarjebiT da isini qmnian qselur gare efeqtebs 1 

momxmareblisaTvis. amis Sedegad ki bazris ZiriTadi parametrebi _ moTxovna da miwodeba 

aratradiciulad icvleba. tradiciuli ekonomikuri Teoria efuZneba Semdeg mtkicebas: 

miwodeba mcirdeba, roca zRvruli danaxarjebi izrdeba da miwodebis mruds gaaCnia 

dadebiTi daxriloba. xolo moTxovna izrdeba, roca zRvruli danaxarjebi mcirdeba da 

moTxovnis mruds gaaCnia uaryofiTi daxriloba. qseluri sikeTis SemTxvevaSi ki yvelaferi 

piriqiTaa: miwodebis mrudi uaryofiTi daxrilobisaa, radgan zRvruli danaxarjebi 

miiswrafvis 0-sken drois mniSvnelovan periodSi. moTxovnis mrudi ki dadebiTi 

daxrilobisaa, radgan zRvruli sargeblianoba izrdeba qseluri sikeTis momxmarebelTa 

raodenobis zrdis Sesabamisad. Tu ki es procesi miiRebs dinamikur xasiaTs, moTxovnisa da 

miwodebis mrudebi gadakveTen erTmaneTs sul ufro da ufro naklebi fasis gaswvriv. 

arsebobs uamravi sirTule informaciuli teqnologiebis danergviT miRebuli Sedegebis 

swor SefasebasTan dakavSirebiT. Zlier izrdeba Sualeduri moxmarebis wili finansur, 

sakonsultacio, sareklamo da sxva momsaxurebis sferoebSi. Tanamedrove aRricxvianobis 

praqtika ki amas ar iTvaliswinebs, radgan Sedegis Sefaseba xdeboda sabolo produqtis 

mixedviT. 

informaciuli teqnologiebis sferoSi adgili aqvs ZiriTadi fondebis gaufasurebas. 

amis Sedegad erovnuli Semosavlis namati xdeba erTobliv Siga produqtis namatze naklebi. 

miuxedavad amisa, mwarmoebluroba mainc izrdeba, Tanac sakmaod swrafad. es exeba ara 

mxolod kompiuteris warmoebasTan dakavSirebul seqtorebs, aramed ekonomikas mTlianad. 

1 gare efeqtis gansakuTrebuli saxe, romelsac mivyavarT saqonlis sargeblianobis zrdisaken erTi 

individisaTvis, igive saqonlis momxmarebeli sxva individebis raodenobis zrdasTan erTad. 

169

informaciul sazogadoebaSi warmoebuli saqonlis Rirebulebis struqturaSi didia 

inteleqtualur Sromaze gaweuli danaxarjebis wili, anu igi aris mecnierebatevadi 

saqoneli. informaciul sazogadoebaSi, gansxvavebiT industriuli sazogadoebisa, Warbobs 

inteleqtualuri saqonlis warmoeba da moxmareba. 

eqspertTa gaTvlebiT uaxloes momavalSi inteleqtulauri saqonlis warmoeba 

gacilebiT gadaaWarbebs materialurs. informaciul ekonomikaSi maRal donezea 

ganviTarebuli qseluri ekonomika, qseluri biznesi da eleqtronuli komercia. 

informaciuli sazogadoebis momavali ganviTarebis Sesaxeb gaerTianebuli erebis 

organizaciis egidiT Catarda msoflio samiti or fazad - 2003 wels JenevaSi da 2005 

wels tunisSi, sadac ganxiluli iyo informaciuli sazogadoebis momavali ganviTarebis 

perspeqtivebi. masSi monawileobda mravali qveyana maT Soris aSS, aseve evropis 

gaerTianebebis warmomadgenlebi, sxvadasxva arasamTavrobo organizaciebi. 2003 wels 

JenevaSi Catarebuli samitis mier miRebuli rezoluciiT Seiqmna specialuri fondi 

msoflio informaciuli sazogadoebis infrastruqturis Sesaqmnelad. 

TiToeuli qveynis mier gadaricxuli Tanxis raodenobam saboloo jamSi daaxloebiT 

eqvsi milioni dolari Seadgina. 

meore faza ki Catarda 2005 wlis noemberSi tunisSi, sadac gamoyofili Tanxa 4.5 

milion dolars aRemateboda. 

yvelaze mTavari iyo is, rom am samitis Sedagad Camoyalibda Sesabamisi infrastruqturis 

SemqnisaTvis saWiro moqmedebebis gegma, romlis ZiriTadi punqtebi Semdegnairad 

Camoyalibda: 

mTavrobisa da kerZo seqtoris roli informaciul-telesakomunikacio teqnologiebis 

(itt) ganviTarebis xelSewyobaSi; 

informaciuli da satelekomunikacio infrastruqtura; 

informaciisa da codnis xelmisawvdomoba; 

itt-s gamoyenebis daculoba da usafrTxoeba; 

Sesabamisi garemos Seqmna; 

itt-s gamoyenebis da ganviTarebis sferoebi:- 

• eleqtronuli mTavroba, biznesi, swavleba, jandacva, dasaqmeba, garemo, soflis meurneoba. 

• eleqtronuli mecniereba, media, informaciuli sazogadoebis eTikuri normebi, 

saerTaSoriso da regionaluri kooperacia. 

dResdReobiT erovnuli ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi informaciuli teqnologiebis 

gamoyenebis mxriv erT-erT mowinave adgilzea singapuri. amisaTvis Seqmnilia sainformaciosakomunikacio 

ganviTarebis departamenti (ssgd). 

mniSvnelovania avstraliaSi mimdinare procesebi am sferosTan mimarTebaSi. samxreTi 

avstraliis mTavrobam miiRo specialuri dokumneti, romelic warmoadgens erTgvar 

samoqmedo gegmas, romlis mTavari funqciaa upasuxos da marTos is sainformacio da 

sakomunkacio cvlilebebi romleTa winaSec dadga msoflio, gansakuTrebiT ki samxreTi 

avstraliis mosaxleoba. 

170

dReisTvis ama Tu im qveynis konkurentunarianoba ZiriTadad ganisazRvreba imiT, Tu 

rogor iyenebs es qveyana internet-teqnologiebs, rogori tempiT mimdinareobs tradiciuli 

ekonomikidan axal ekonomikaze gadasvla, Zvel da axal ekonomikas Soris ramdenad 

warmatebulia urTierTkavSiri da a.S. erTi ram cxadia, rom saqarTvelo ver ganviTardeba 

msoflio ekonomikisgan izlirebulad. amitom aucilebelia, rom saqarTvelom aqtiurad 

miiRos monawileoba mimdinare progresul procesebSi. 

saqarTveloSi axali ekonomikis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia, arsebuli ekonomikuri 

mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, SemuSavdes teqnologiurad prioritetuli, miznobrivi 

programebi, romlebic mimarTuli iqneba informaciuli teqnologiebisa da Sesabamisi sistemebis 

danergvis, gamoyenebisa da ganviTarebisaken. amisTvis saWiroa mTavrobaSi Seiqmnas 

specialuri organo, romelic dakavebuli iqneba informaciuli teqnologiebis industriasTan 

dakavSirebuli sakiTxebiT, raTa moaxdinos aRniSnul programaSi CarTul organizaciaTa 

da uwyebaTa muSaobis koordinireba, maTi saqmianobis efeqtianad warmarTvis mizniT. 

saqarTveloSi axali ekonomikis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebTan dakavSirebiT 

gavaanalizoT misi ganviTarebis sami SesaZlo modeli. 

pirveli modeli – es aris e. w. induri modeli, romelic iTvaliswinebs ofSoruli 

programirebis ganviTarebas. dReisTvis ofSoruli programirebis centrebi funqcionireben 

ara mxolod indoeTSi, aramed singapurSi, braziliaSi, irlandiaSi da sxva qveynebSi. 

Tumca swored indoeTSi moxda ekonomikis calkeuli segmentis formireba specialuri 

infrastruqturiTa da samTavrobo regulirebis sistemasTan erTad. ofSoruli 

programirebis biznesi efuZneba programuli samuSaoebis calkeuli saxeebis moTxovnebs da 

ganviTarebul qveynebSi inJiner-muSakebis ukmarisobas. saqarTvelosaTvis induri meTodi 

misaRebia Semdegi mizezebis gamo: gafarTovdeba bazari, amoqmeddeba sainJinro kadrebi, 

saqarTvelo gamoiyenebs sxva qveynebis gamocdilebas da a.S. problema mxolod isaa, rom es 

biznesi Zlieradaa damokidebuli msoflio bazris ciklurobaze da ar arsebobs 

mmarTvelobiTi gamocdileba. 

meore modeli – es aris modeli, romelsac iyeneben skandinaviuri qveynebi da israeli. 

is dafuZnebulia mza gadawyvetilebebis eqsportze da sagareo bazris produqtebze. 

aseTi modeli liderobis SesaZleblobas iZleva. garda amisa, SesaZlebeli xdeba qveynis 

inteleqtualuri potencialis ufro efeqtianad gamoyeneba. am modelis problemebi msgavsia 

wina modelisa, magram emateba kidev erTi mniSvnelovani problema. es problema exeba 

firmebSi marketingis organizaciis aucileblobas. 

mesame modeli – bazris ganviTarebis erovnuli modelia da iTvaliswinebs saqonlisa da 

momsaxurebis Seqmnas Siga bazris Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. am modelis ZiriTadi 

upiratesoba isaa, rom misi damnergavebi kargad iqnebian gaTviTcnobierebulni adgilobriv 

specifikasa da niuansebSi. problema isaa, rom mocemuli modelis SesaZlo realizacia 

SezRuduli iqneba Siga bazriT. 

romeli modelia saqarTvelosaTvis ufro perspeqtiuli, jerjerobiT gaurkvevelia. 

saboloo angariSiT, axali ekonomika gvaZlevs axal ekonomikur SesaZleblobebs da 

gvTavazobs ekonomikuri zrdis ukeTes xarisxs. 

171

saqarTveloSi axali ekonomikis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia, arsebuli ekonomikuri 

mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT SemuSavdes teqnologiurad prioritetuli miznobrivi programebi, 

romlebic mimarTuli iqneba informaciuli teqnologiebisa da Sesabamisi sistemebis 

danergvis, gamoyenebisa da ganviTarebisaken. 


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da biznesi” #3, 2008. gv.89-100. 

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«ГУ ВШЭ» , 2000. 

3. Тапскотт Д. Электронно-цифравое обшество. К., «INT-press». М., «Рулф-бук», 1999. gv.121. 

4. Dolfsma W. and Soete L. - Understanding the Dynamics of A Knowledge Economy. Edward Elgar Publishing, 

Inc. 136 West Street, Suite 202, Northampton, Massachusetts 01060, USA - 2006. 

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http://www.itu.int/wsis/index.html 

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internet-tqnologiebi da sagadasxado sistema 1 

nino CarTolani 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: sruli. prof. m. maRraZe 

saxelmwifos siZlieres ZiriTadad gansazRvravs saxelmwifoSi arsbuli 

sagadasaxado sistema, misi sistemuroba da moqniloba. radgan gadasaxadebi-es aris 

saxelmwifo biujetis Sevsebis ZiriTadi wyaro, saxelmwifo biujeti ki aris qveynis 

ekonomikis umTavresi elementi, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens gadsaxadebis 

sworad gaangariSebisa da saxelmwifo biujetSi maTi drouli gadaricxvis efeqtiani 

organizacia. 

bolo dros SeimCneva tendencia, eleqtronuli komerciis moculobis zrdis, rac 

gamowveulia teqnologiuri progresiT, globaluri qseliT internetis gavcelebis 

masStabebiT. magaliTad, 2009 wlis daswyisisaTvis internet-momxmarebelTa raodenobam 

msoflioSi erT miliards miaRwia. mxolod B2B segmentze on-line reJimSi 2003 wels gayidvebis 

moculobam Seadgina 1 trln dolari 2 . eleqtronuli komerciis moculobis 

zrda dRis wesrigSi ayenebs sakiTxs, Tu rogor moxdes internet-teqnologiebis 

pirobebSi gayidul saqonelze da momsaxurebaze gadasaxadebis daweseba da amoReba. 

am problemis gadaWra Zalze mniSvnelovani xdeba eleqtronuli vaWrobis moculoobis 

zrdidan gamomdinare, radagan saxelmwifom SeiZleba dakargos soliduri sabiujeto 

Semosavali. 

kompaniis computer Inteligence monacemebiT 2007 wlisaTvis on-line Sesyidva ganaxorciela 

2,7 mln adamianma. rodesac materialuri saxiT warmodgenili saqonlis SeZena 

warmoebs eleqtronuli maRaziis meSveobiT da myidvelis rolSi gamodis sxva 

saxelmwifos iuridiululi an fizikuri piri, maSin SeZenil saqonelze sabaJo 

gadasaxadis amoReba xdeba Cveulebrivi wesiT, vinaidan saqonelma fizikurad unda 

gadmokveTos saxelmwifos administraciuli sazRvari (saxmeleTo, sazRvao, sahaero)H, 

romelic dRes arsebuli sagadasxado kanonmdeblobiT regulirdeba. proplemebi 

warmoiqmneba maSin, roca eleqtronuli vaWrobis ganxorcieleba warmoebs cifruli 

saxiT warmodgenili saqonliT (programuli uzrunvelyofa, wignebis eleqtronuli 

versiebi da sxva ). am SemTxvevaSi Znelia daadgino rogorc myidvelis, aseve 

gamyidvelis fizikuri adgilsamyofeli. Ees gamowveulia imis gamo, rom gamydvelis 

serveri, romelzedac moTavsebulia mis Sesaxeb informacia SeiZleba mdebareobdes 

sxva saxelmwifoSi, sadac SesaZlebelia saerTod ar moqmedebdes kanoni eleqtronuli 

komerciis Sesaxeb an Tu arsebobs igi SeZleba gansxvavebuli iyos im qveynis 

sagadasaxado kanonisagan, sadac realurad imyofeba saqonlis gamyidveli. saWiro 

xdeba im principebis modifikacia, romlebic moqmedeben off-line ekonomikaSi. DdReisaTvis 

msoflioSi naklebad aris Seswavlili eleqtronuli komerciis pirobebSi gadasaxadebis 

sididis gansazRvrisa da amoRebis sakiTxebi. sagadasaxdo elastikuroba 



2 Информатизация бизнеса: А. М. Карминского, М. Финансы икредити, с.429. 

173

eleqtronul vaWrobaSi sakmaod maRalia. amisTvis gamoiyeneba, 

maCveneblebi off-line da on-line ekonomikis seqtorebisaTvis 1 . 

fasebis SefardebiTi 

λ= Ps(1+t)/PI 

sadac λ-aris SefardebiTi fasis maCvenebeli, t –aris gayidul saqonlze 

gadasaxadi, Ps- aris sacalo maRaziaSi saqonlis fasi, PPI-aris saqonlis fasi on-line 

seqtorSi. rac ufro maRalia, λ-is maCvenebeli, miT meti momxmarebeli cdilobs 

SeiZinos saqoneli on-line teqnoloogiiT e.i. Tu izrdeba λ, izrdeba saqonlis warmoeba 

da gayidva on-line seqtorSi da piriqiT. rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom saWiroa on-line da offline 

seqtorebSi sagadasaxado wesebis daaxloveba. magram off-line seqtorSi gamoyenebuli 

sagadasaxado ganakveTebis gamoyeneba on-line seqtorrisaTvis Seamcirebs internetiT 

saqonlis myidvelTa raodenobas, rac xels SeuSlis eleqtronuli komerciis 

ganviTarebas. meore garemoeba, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba Cveulebrivi sagadasaxado 

kanonmdeblobis gamoyenebas eleqtronul garigebebSi is aris, rom garTulebulia 

gadasaxadebis amoReba. es ukanaskneli gamowveulia qseluri garigebis kontrolis 

siZneliT da momxmareblis dacilebiT realuri saqonlidan. am SemTxvevaSi dabali 

gadasaxadi an misi ar arseboba gamoiwvevs saqonlis qselis meSveobiT SeZenis 

survilis amaRlebas ara mato saqrTveloSi, aramed MmTel msoflioSic. dReisaTvis 

msoflios zogierT qveyanaSi da maT Soris saqarTveloSic rogorc Teoriuli, ise 

praqtikuli gamoyenebis asapeqtSi ar arsebobs eleqtronuli komerciis pirobebSi 

sagadasaxado kanonmdebloba. amitom eleqtronuli komerciisaTvis dReisaTvis 

gamoiyeneba off-line seqtorSi gamoyenebuli sagadasaxado regulirebis principebi. jerjerobiT 

amave principebis gamoyenebas uWers mxars saerTaSoriso sagadasaxado asociacia 

(International Fiscal Association-IFA). paraleluradDaRniSnuli saerTaSoriso savaWro 

organizacia awarmoebs kvlevas eleqtronuli komerciis pirobebSi sagadasaxado 

problemebis gadaWris mimarTulebiT. 

virtualuri seqtoris sagadasaxado dabegvris sakiTxi mravali problemis 

gadawyvetasTan aris dakavSirebuli: a) gamyidvelma SeiZleba ar icodes myidvelis 

statusi. Saxeldobr, myidveli aris rezidenti Tu ararezidenti, iuridiuli, Tu 

fizikuri piri; b) Zalian rTulia daadgino saqonlis realizaciis adgili da aqedan 

gamomdinare ganisazRvros gadsaxadis sidide. zogjer imis garkvevac rTulia 

momxmarebels miewoda saqoneli Tu, magaliTad, cifruli formiT programuli uzrunvelyofa, 

wignis eleqtronuli versia da sxv.) am dros SeiZleba moqmedebdes sxvadasxva 

gadasaxadi saqonlisa da momsaxurebis mimarT; d) Tu myidveli uars ambobs 

saqonlis miRebaze Znelia aRiareba imisa, Sedga Tu ara internetiT gamyidvelsa da 

myidvels Soris garigeba. aqedan gamomdinare SeiZleba aRmocendes sagadasaxado 

problemebi; e) zogjer kompania, Tu mis saxelmwifoSo moqmedebs maRali gadasaxadebi 

gadasaxadis nawilis Tavis aridebis mizniT sakuTar serveris ganTavsebas axdens sxva 

saxellmwifoSi. perspeqtivaSi eleqtronuli komerciis pirobebSi transaqciis, 

virtualobisa da saqonlis cifruli formiT gayidviT saxelmwifom SeiZleba dakargos 

sagadasaxado Semosavlebis, didi nawili. am SemTxvevaSi gaZnelebulia gadasaxadis 

gadamxdeli subieqtis gansazRvra, DdReisTvis fuladi eleqtronuli nakadebis 

zusti aRricxva da auditoruli Semowmeba. Sesabamisad gadauWrel problemas warmoadgens. 

saSemosavlo gadasaxadis gaangariSeba da amoReba. v. tanci aRniSnuli prob- 

1 Стрелец И. А. Сетевая экономика. М., Эксмо, 2006. с.152. 

174

lemis gadawyvetis mizniT SromaSi _ èsaWiroeba Tu ara msoflio Tanasazogadoebas 

saerTaSoriso sagadasaxado organizacia~ gvTavazobs saerTaSoriso sagadasaxado 

organizaciis Seqmnas. 

eleqtronuli komerciis pirobebSi saqonlisa da momsaxurebis dabegvris dros 

saWiroa cal-calkee iqnes ganxiluli qveynis SigniT materialuri saqonliT ganxorcielebuli 

vaWroba da calke iqnas cifruli saxiT warmodgenili saqonlis realizaciis 

sakiTxi da aqedan gamomdinare gadasaxadebis gaanagariSebisa da amoRebis 

sakiTxebi. kidev ufro rTuldeba problema roca eleqtronuli komerciis ganxorcieleba 

warmoebs saxelmwifoebs Soris. 

Cvens qveyanaSi eleqtronuli vaWroba sawyis etapzea. cotaa saqarTveloSi internet 

savaWro firmebi. arsebobs mxolod saCuqrebiTa da RviniT movaWre firmebi. 

arsebuli inernet – vitrinebi ver asruleben maT daniSnulebas (cudia dizaini, ar 

arseboba uwyveti kavSiri momxmarebelTan, isini mxoloT portalis rolSi gamodian, 

ver anxorcieleben marketingul kvlevas. 

internetiT saqonlis gayidvis Taviseburebas warmoadgens is ,rom internetiT 

SeiZleba gayido nebismieri saqoneli, an miiRo SesaZlo nebismieri momsaxureba. 

angariSsworeba internetis meSveobii garkveul risks Secavs. bevr SemTxvevaSi myidvels 

fulis gadaxdamde surs fizikurad Seexos saqonels, daaTvalieros igi. 

samrewvelo produqciis SeZenisas myidvels urCevnia unaRdo angariSsworeba. unaRdo 

distanciur vaWrobas Cvelebriv sacalo qselSi saqonliT vaWrobasTan SedarebiT 

gaCnia bevri upiratesobebi. eleqtronuli gadxdisaTvis rekomendrebulia mTeli rigi 

alternatiuli variantebi. vinaidan dReisTvis plastikuri baraTebis gamoyenebiT 

internetiT saqonlis SeZena kargad aris Seswalili, amitom aSS-Si da sxva civilizebul 

qveynebSi magnituri sabanko sakredito baraTi warmoadgens eleqtronuli 

gadxdis erTaderT saSualebas, rogorc kerZo ise iuridiuli pierebisaTvis. es ganpirobebulia 

imiTac, rom maRal donezea uzrunvelyofoli plastikuri baraTebiT 

ganxorcielebuli angariSsworebis usafrTxoeba. Cvens qveyanaSic daiwyo ganviTareba 

plastikuri baraTebiT unaRdo anagariSsworebam. 

ras aZlevs sawarmos eleqtronuli komerciis danergva? 

1. informacia saqonlisa da momsaxurebis Sesaxeb vrceldeba swrafad. F Tqven 

RebulobT damatebiT sakomunikacio arxs yoveldRiurad, 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi. 

ufro xelmisawvdomi xdebiT klientisaTvis ; 

2. Cqardeba sawrmos SigniT informaciis moZraoba, farTovdeba dokumentebis 

gaformebis kontrolis SesaZleblobebi; 

3. klientisaTvis interneti iZleva axali servisis SesaZleblobebs. magaliTad, 

Talyuri adevnos dakeTis Sesrulebas; 

4. vinaidan iterneti wamoadgens teqnologiur garss amdenad igi saSualebas iZleva 

Sevkribod informacia klientebis Sesaxeb. Ggarda arniSnulisa igi sawarmos 

saSualebs aZlevs damatebiTi danaxarjebis gawevis gareSe gamoiyenos 

markentinguli instrumentarebi- gamokiTxvebi, Setyobinebebi, gaakoTos personalis 

ekonomia 

5. SeiZleba ekonomia gakeTdes savaWro darbazebis daqiravebaze. 

sanam firma daiwyebs eleqtronuli vaWrobis danergvas da gaiRebs am miznisTvis 

saTanado xarjebs, aucilebelia pasuxi gaeces Semdeg kiTxvebs: 

pirvel rigSi unda dasabuTdes aris Tu ara aucilebeli Tqvens firmaSi eleqtronuli 

komerciis danergva, anu unda moaxdinoT moTxovnilebis identificireba: ra 

175

iznes eweviT, saWiroa Tu ara interneti potenciuri momxmareblebis mosazidad, ra 

situaciaa bazarze? am kiTxvebze dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi ismis kiTxva rogor 

gakeTdes es yvelaferi da ra TanmimdevrobiT: daproeqtebisaTvis unda daiweros 

davaleba, Sedges sistemuri proeqti, danergvis gegma, Seiqmnas sawamos specialistebis 

samuSao jgufi, garedan ayvanil iqnes konsultanti, erToblivad SemuSavdes dokumenti. 

Bbazarze unda SeirCes damproeqtebeli oeganizacia, xosting-provaideri. unda 

gairkves vin moemsaxureba saits, vin moaxdens internetis saSualebiT Tqveni biznesis 

warmoebas. agreTve saWiro gaxdeba moiwvioT specialistebi internet-saitTan samuSaod 

an moaxdinoT arsebuli kadrebis gadamzadeba. agreTve saWiro gaxdeba cvlilebebis 

Setana saStato ganrigSi. 

samarTav obieqtebTan, anu gadasaxadbis gadamxdelebTan (iuridiul da fizikur 

pirebTan) raionul sagadasaxado inspeqciebis doneze urTierTmoqmedeben sagadasaxado 

samsaxuris TanamSromlebi. isini axorcieleben Semdeg funqciebs: sagadasaxado 

kanonis dacvis kontroli; gadasaxadebis sworad daricxvisa da biujetSi droulad 

Setanis kontroli; gadamxdelebis mier buRaltruli angariSgebebis sworad Sedgenisa 

da droulad wardgenis kontroli; sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis sworad Sesrulebisa 

da realizaciisaTvis saaRmsruleblo, safinanso da sakredito organoebTan urTierTmoqmedeba. 

sagadasaxado kanondarRvevisaTvis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli finansuri 

sanqciebis dadgena da maTi sworad gamoyeneba; saqalaqo da raionul safinanso organoebSi 

faqtiurad Semosuli gdasaxadebis Tanxis Sesaxeb cnobebis Sedgena da 

analizi; sagadasaxado organoebis mier zemdgom organoebSi, angariSgebebis formebis 

wardgena da analizi. 

zemoT CamoTvlili yvela funqciebis gasaxorcieleblad saxelmwifo sagadasaxado 

organoebSi danergilia an danergvis procesSia avtomatizebuli sainformacio sistema 

~gadasaxadi~. avtomatizebuli sainformacio sistema `gadasaxadi~ warmoadgens sagadasaxado 

organoebis marTvis organizaciul formas, dafuZnebuls Tanamedrove 

informaciuli teqnologiebisa da meTodebis gamoyenebaze. igi saSualebas iZleva 

gafarTovdes gadasawyveti amocanebis wre, amaRldes miRebuli gadawyvetilebis dasabuTebuloba, 

analizuroba da drouloba, Semcirdes sagadasaxado organoebis TanamSromlebis 

mier Sesasrulebeli araSemoqmedebiTi samuSaoebis moculoba. 

sagadasaxado sistemis TiToeul doneze, gamomdinare Sesrulebuli funqciebidan, 

iqmnebian sxvadasxva funqciuri qvesistemebi: tipiuri angariSgebiTi formebis 

momzadebis; sakontrolo saqmianobis; meTodologiuri; sarevizio, samarTleblivi da 

saxelmwifo sagadasaxado inspeqciis analizuri saqmianobis. 

sagadasaxado samsaxuris dabali donisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Semdegi qvesistemebi: 

sawarmos registraciis; kameraluri Semowmebis; normatiul-samarTleblivi 

dokumentebis warmoebis; Sigasauwyebo amocanebis. sawarmos registraciis qvesistemis 

funqciaa gdasaxadebis gadmxTelTa sruli da drouli aRricxava. am QqvesistemaSi 

dafiqsirebulia yvela iuridiuli da fizikuri piris Sesaxeb informacia. nebismieri 

sawarmos registraciis an xelmeored registraciis Sesaxeb yvela dokumenti dafiqsirebuli 

da Setanili unda iqnes saxelmwifo reestrSi. es monacemebi saWiroa 

sxvadasxva momxmareblisaTvis, saxelmwifo sagadasaxado inspeqciis TanamSromlebisaTvis. 

sagadasaxado organoebi am informacias iyeneben, rogorc bazas TiToeuli 

gadamxdelis Sesaxeb. amitom es informacia SemdgomSi sxvadasxva qvesistemebis mier 

gamoyenebis mizniT Setanil unda iqnes monacemTa bazaSi. magaliTad, kameraluri 

Semowmebis an sawarmos piradi baraTebis waroebisaTvis. 

176

informaciis damuSaveba iwyeba iuridiuli samasaxuris mier gadasaxadis gadamxdelTa 

aRricxviTa da registraciiT. Ees samsaxuri Tavis saqmianobaSi sargeblobs 

normatiul-samarTleblivi infomaciiT da Rebulobs gadasaxadebis gadamxdelebidan 

aucilebel dokumentebs, romelTa safuZvelzec iqmneba monacemTa baza. gadasaxadis 

gadamxdels eniWeba unikaluri saregistaracio nomeri. aseTi saxiT iqmneba gadamxdelis 

~eleqtronuli saqaRalde.~ aRniSnuli informacia gamoiyeneba avtomatizebuli 

sainformacio sistemis _ `gadasaxadi~-is yvela ZiriTadi qvesistemis mier. pirvel 

rigSi aseTi informacia esaWiroeba kameraluri Semowmebis qvesistemas. gadasaxadebis 

gadamxdeli agrovebs Semdeg dokumentebs: sawarmos balanss, mogeba-zralis angariSgebas, 

qonebis gdasaxadisa da sxva angariSgebebs. aRniSnuli dokumentebi 

dagenilvadebSi gadaecema raionul sagadasaxado organoebs. 

Kkameraluri Semowmeba mdgomareobs sabuRaltro angariSgebebis, gadasaxadebis 

sworad gaangariSebisa da angariSgebiTi formebis sworad gaformebis dadgenaSi. Aam 

mizniT gadamxTelebis mier warmodgenili dokumentebidan monacemebi sagadasaxado 

TanamSromlis mier Seitaneba kompiuterSi, warmoebs èleqtronuli saqaRaldis~ 

Sevseba axali informciiT, romlis safuZvelzec SesaZlebeli xdeba sxvadasxva 

periodisaTvis Tvalyuri vadevnoT sawarmos finansur-sameurneo saqmianobas. Kkompiuteruli 

teqnologiis gamoyeneba saSualebas iZleva davakvirdeT sawarmos 

ganviTarebas, mis mier sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis dacvas, gamovavlinoT kanonmdeblobis 

darRvevis SemTxvevebi, dadgindes biujetSi gadasaricxi Tanxa, Sedges im 

sawarmoTa CamonaTvali romlebSiac unda Catardes dokumenturi Semowmeba. saboloo 

jamSi am qvesistemaSi formirebuli informacia aris safuZveli sxva qvesistemebSi 

informaciis dasamuSaveblad. pirvel rigSi es exeba dokumentur Semowmebas. 

dokumentur Semowmebas dadgenili grafikis mixedviT axdens sagadasaxado inspeqciis 

samsaxuri. Ddokumenturi Semowmebis mizania gamovlenili iqnas sabuRaltro aRricxvis 

warmoebis wesebis, gadasxadebis arasworad gaangariSebisa da biujetSi sagadasaxado 

Tanxebis Setanis vadebis darRvevebi. Semowmeba xdeba sawarmoSi, adgilze misvliT. 

igi iTvaliswinebs yvela saWiro dokumentis daTvalierebas. Semowmebis Sedegad dgeba 

aqti romelSiac dafiqsirdeba sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis darRvevis yvela 

SemTxveva. darRvevebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, darRvevis saxidan gamomdinare warmoebs 

jarimisa da sauravis daricxva. Ddokumenturi Semowmebis qvesistemaSi formirebuli 

Sedegebi gamoiyneba sawarmos piradi baraTebis warmoebisaTvis, romlis mizania 

gadasaxadebis saxeebis mixedviT gaangariSebuli iqnes saxelmwifo biujetSi Setanili 

Tanxis raodenoba. TiToeuli sawamo gadamxdelis mixedviT daricxuli gadasaxadis 

Tanxis Sesaxeb Semodis dokumentebi da kameruli Semowmebis qvesistemidan Semodis 

informacia gadmxdelis mier bankSi biujetis angariSze Caricxuli Tanxis Sesaxeb. 

gadasaxadebis saxeebis mixedvioT daricxuli da gadaxdili Tanxebis Sedareba 

saSualebas iZleva dadgindes gadaxra (narCeni gadasxdeli Tanxa ,an Tanxa romelic 

zedmatad iqna gadxdili). Tu zedmeti Tanxa iqna gadxdili, maSin sawarmos es Tanxa 

CaeTvleba momaval TveSi. Aam operaciis ganxorcieleba xdeba sawarmo gadamxdelis 

mier sagadasaxado organosaTvis werilobiTi mimarTvis safuZvelze. 

sagadasaxado sistemis informatizaciam unda uzrunvelyos sagadasaxado samsaxuris 

operatiuli muSaoba, sagadasaxado kanonebis sruli dacva, gadasaxadebis Semosavali 

Tanxebis zusti da drouli aRricxva, gadasaxadebis Semosavalebis prognozi, 

sagadasaxado sistemisaTvis kadrebis momzadeba. 

177

DdReisaTvis, sazRvagareTis qveynebSi saxelmwifos bevri funqciis ganxorcieleba 

warmoebs onlain reJimSi, maTSoris gadasxdebis gaanagiSebTan da amoRebasTan 

dakavSirebuli. amas xels uwyobs saxelmwifo organoebi. mag., aSS-isa da kanadis 

saxelmwifo sanmasxurebi garantias aZleven gadamxdelebs ori kviris ganmavlobaSi 

daubrunon zedmetad gadaxdili Tanxa imaT, vinc saTanado dokumentebs waradgenen 

eleqtronuli formiT. didi britaneTis samTavrobo organooebi garkveul SeRavaTebs 

aZleven im iuridiul da fizikur pirebs, romlebic saSemosalo gadasaxadebTan 

dakavSirebiT sabuTebs waradgenen eleqtronuli formiT. globalur ekonomikur sazogadoebaSi, 

romelic yalibdeba informaciuli teqnologiebis safuZvelze, problemuri 

xdeba efeqturi dabegvris ganxorcieleba. am mizniT saWiroa ganxorcieldes eleqtronuli 

komerciisa da eleqtronuli fulis mudmivi monitoringi, dawesdes specialuri 

gadasxadi sazRvargareT ganxorcielebul tranzaqciebze. 

im firmebsa da organizaciebs, romlebic sabuRaltro aRricvas awarmoeben kompiuteruli 

programebis saSualebiT SesaZlebloba aqvT ditsanciurad, qselis saSualebiT, 

eleqtronuli fostiT moaxdinon gadasaxdebis gaangariSebasTan da biujetSi Tanxis 

gadaricxvasTan dakavSirebuli informaciisa gadacema Sesabamis sagadasxado organoebSi, 

rac mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobesebs sagadasxado organoebis muSaobas. raionul 

sagadasxdo organoebs aRar mouwevT gadasaxadis gadmxdelebidan Semosuli informaciis 

Sesabamis monacemTa bazaSi xeliT Setana. sagadasxado organoebs SeeZlebaT 

sagadasaxado kanonSi momxdari cvlilebebis Sesaxeb informacia qselis saSualebiT 

operatiulad miawodon warmoeba-dawesebulebebs. 

178

uRaltruli balansis analizuri mniSvneloba 1 

nano samyuraSvili 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: prof. i. WilaZe 

buRaltruli balansi asaxavs sawarmos qonebas da romeli wyaroebidanaa formirebuli. 

ekonomikur literaturaSi buRaltrul balanss aseve ganmartaven rogorc sawarmos ekonomikuri 

resursebisa da mTliani kapitalis mdgomareobis ganzogadebas mocemuli TariRisaTvis fulad sazom 

erTeulSi. 

buRaltruli balansis momzadeba xdeba mogeba-zaralis angariSgebis Sedgenis Semdeg, roca 

ukve ganxorcielebulia Semosavlebisa da xarjebis gadaxurvis operaciebi da cnobili gaxdeba 

gaunawilebeli mogebis saboloo naSTi. Pperiodis bolos, buRaltruli balansis Sedgenamde, 

mewarmem SeiZleba moaxdinos aqtivebis gadafaseba. magaliTad, sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebi 

balansSi aisaxeba umciresi Rirebulebis principiT, grZelvadiani aqtivebi ki gadafasebuli 

RirebulebiT. moTxovnebis moculoba mcirdeba saeWvo moTxovnebis koreqtirebis angariSis kreditis 

naSTiT, dagrovili cveTa gamoiqviTeba ZiriTadi saSualebebisa da aramaterialuri aqtivebis 

Rirebulebidan da a.S. sazRvargareTis praqtikaSi CamoTvili koreqtirebebis Semdeg dgeba 

koreqtirebuli sacdeli balansi, ris safuZvelzec Sedgeba angariSgeba 

balansSi aqtivebi da maTi formirebis wyaroebi ormxrivobis principis safuZvelze aisaxeba. 

aqedan gamomdinare, buRaltruli balansi Semdeg tolobas eyrdnoba: 

aqtivebi = valdebulebebi + sakuTari kapitali 

aqtivebi aris sawarmos gankargulebaSi arsebuli materialuri da aramaterialuri resursebi, 

romlebic warsulSi ganxorcielebuli sameurneo movlenebis Sedegs warmoadgens da maTgan sawarmo 

momavalSi ekonomikuri sargeblis miRebas moelis. 

valdebuleba sawarmos mimdinare periodis movaleobaa, romelic warsulSi momxdari sameurneo 

movlenis Sedegia da misi Sesruleba gulisxmobs ekonomikur sargebelSi ganivTebuli resurebis 

gasvlas. valdebulebebi aqtivebis msgavsad iyofa grZelvadian da moklevadian valdebulebebad. 

sakuTari kapitali aris valdebulebebis dafarvis Semdeg sawarmos gankargulebaSi darCenili 

aqciebis nawili. sakuTari kapitali warmoadgens damfuZnebelTa mier investirebul fulad da 

materialur saxsrebs da Sedgeba: saaqcio kapitalis, saemisio kapitalis, gaunawilebeli mogebisa da 

gadafasebis rezervisagan. 

sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi tipis sawarmoTa buRaltruli balansi erTmaneTisgan sakuTari 

kapitalis struqturiT gansxvavdeba. 

saaqcio sazogadoebaSi aqtivebis dafinansebis ZiriTadi wyaroebia: saaqcio kapitali, romelic 

Cveulebrivi da privilegirebuli aqciebis saxiT SeiZleba arsebobdes, gadavadebuli dividendebis 

mqone aqciebi, mogeba, saemisio kapitali, rezervi da valdebulebebi. 

amxanagobis tipis sawarmoebSi sakuTari kapitali partniorTa kapitalis saxiT arsebobs, 

romelic moicavs: 1) partniorTa ZiriTadi angariSis, romelic gamoiyeneba iseTvi cvlilebebis 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna `buRaltruli aRricxvisa da auditis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze da 


179

dros rogoricaa axali partnioris miReba an romelimes gasvla da aqtivebis gadafaseba. 2) 

partniorTa mimdinare angariS, romelic partniorebsa da sawarmos Soris mudmivi operaciebis 

arsaricxavad gamoiyeneba. amxanagobis balansSi mogebis maCvenebeli saerTod naCvenebi araa, vinaidan 

igi srulad nawildeba partniorebs Soris. 

individualuri sawarmos balansSi sakuTari kapitalis gasaangariSeblad individualuri 

kapitalis sawyis naSTs emateba wliuri wminda mogeba da wlis ganmavlobaSi biznesSi Cadebuli 

kapitali, akldeba biznesidan amoRebuli kapitali. 

aseve gansxvavebulia mogebaze araorientirebuli firmebis buRaltruli balansis struqtura, 

sadac sakuTari kapitalis muxls saerTo fondi anu dagrovili fondi ewodeba. 

buRaltruli balansis analizi iwyeba misi vertikaluri da horizontaluri analiziT, 

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania is, rom balansSi informacia wlis dasawyissa da bolosTvisaa 

mocemulia, rac Sedarebis saSualebas iZleva. 

buRaltruli balansi analizuri TvalsazrisiT warmoadgens firmis gadaxdisunarianobis sarkes. 

masSi mocemuli informaciiT SeiZleba davaskvnaT, ramdenad gadaxdisunariania sawarmo. masSi 

mocemuli infomaciis safuZvelze SeiZleba sxvadasxva saintereseo koeficientebis gamoTvla, 

romlebic firmis (kompaniis) finansuri mdgomareobis ama Tu im mxares axasiaTeben. 

Cven SeviswavleT erT-erTi cnobili brendis kompania “Coca-Cola enterproses”-is bualtruli 

balansi. mocemuli kompania mdebareobs aSSSi jorjias StatSi Windy Ridge Parkway-ze. es gaxlavT 

“Coca-Cola”- s saTao ofisi, romelic Coca-Cola-s warmoebis garda gascems licenziebs sxvadasxva 

qveynebSi mocemuli gamagrilebeli sasmelis Camosxmasa da gayidvaze anu aris franCaizori kompania. 

TvalsaCinoebis mizniT, “Coca-Cola enterproses”- aqtivebisa da pasivebis struqturuli suraTi 

SeiZleba diagramebis meSveobiT warmovadginoT. 

2008w. 

diagrama 1 diagrama 2 

aqtivebis struqtura 

valdebulebebis struqtura 

5,8 

moTxovnebi- 

16,4 

1.kreditoruli davalianeba-20,8 

2.grZelvadiani sesxi-46,5 

3.sxva valdebulebebi-32,9 

16,4 

2.maragebi-5,8 

32,7 

20,8 

70,6 

3.fuli da 

fulis 

qevivalenteb 

i-4,6 

2,6 

4,6 

46,5 

buRaltruli balansis monacemebiT ganisazRvreba sakuTari sabrunavi saxsrebis sidide, romelic 

mimdinare aqtivebisa da mimdinare valdebulebebs Soris sxvaobis tolia. igi gviCvenebs maragebis im 

wils romelic sakuTari saxsrebiTaa SeZenili. 

180

wlebi 

k1 k2 k3 k4 k5 z 

Coca-Cola enterprises”-s sakuTari sabrunavi saxsrebi tolia: 

sakuTari sabrunavi saxsrebi 2006 = 3691 – 3818 = - 127 

sakuTari sabrunavi saxsrebi 2007 = 4092 – 5343 = - 1251 

sakuTari sabrunavi saxsrebi 2008 = 4583 - 5074 = - 491 

SegviZlia davaskvnaT rom mocemul sawarmoSi samive wels maragebis SeZena xdeboda ara sakuTari 

saxsrebis xarjze, aramed valdebulebebis, rac uaryofiTi faqtia. 

firmis gadaxdisunarianobis daxasiaTebisaTvis balansis safuZvelze SeiZleba gamoiTvalos 

likvidurobis koeficientebi, romelic gviCvenebs mocemuli momentisaTvis arsebuli fuladi 

TanxebiT mimdinare valdebulebebis ra nawilis dafarvaa SesaZlebeli. arsebobs swrafi, 

absoluturi da saerTo likvidurobis koeficientebi. 

swrafi likvidurobis koeficienti = fuladi Tanxebi + moklevadiani moTxovnebi 

mimdinare valdebuleba 

absoluturi likvidurobis koeficienti = 

fuladi Tanxebi 

mimdinare valdebulebebi 

saerTo likvidurobis koeficienti = mimdinare aqtivebi 

mimdinare valdebulebebi 

warmovadginoT likvidurobis koeficientebis dinamika wlebis mixedviT: 

koeficientebi 2007 2008 

2006 koefic. 2006% koefic. 2006% 

swrafi likvidurobis 0,655 0,512 78,2 0,645 98,5 

absoluturi 

likvidurobis 0,048 0,032 66,7 0,142 295,8 

saerTo likvidurobis 0,967 0,766 79,2 0,903 93,3 

Catarebuli analizis safuZvelze SegviZlia davaskvnaT rom mocemuli firmis gadaxdisunarianoba 

Zalze dabalia, rac gamowveulia mimdinare aqtivebis simciriT da mimdinare valdebulebebis sakmaod 

didi maCvenebliT. 

kompaniis kreditunarioanobis Sesamowmeblad gamovTvaloT alTmanis mier SemuSavebuli indeqsi (z), 

romelsac Semdegi saxe aqvs: 

z = 3,3k + 1,0k + 0,6k + 1,4k + 1,2k 

k1 = mogeba %-is da gadasaxadis gadaxdamde / mTeli aqtivebi; 

k2 = amonagebi realizaciidan / mTeli aqtivebi; 

k3 = sakuTari kapitali (sabazro fasiT) / moziduli kapitali; 

k4 = dagrovili gaunawilebeli mogeba / mTeli aqtivebi; 

181

2006 (1485/23225) 19804/23225 3586/18699 940/23225 (127/23225) -0,5 

2007 1470/24046 20936/24046 4162/18357 1527/24046 (1251/24046) 1,236 

2008 (6314/15589) 21807/15589 2998/15620 (3029/15589) (491/15589) -0,131 

k5 =sakuTari sabrunavi saxsrebi / mTeli aqtivebi; 

statistikuri SerCeviTi meTodis safuZvelze e.alTmanma daadgina, rom kreditunarianobis 

kritikuli sazRvaria 2,675. igi saSualebas gvaZlevs gavakeToT prognozi momavali 2-3 wlis 

ganmavlobaSi sawarmos elodeba Tu ara gakotreba. Tu ki z2,675 sawarmos uaxloes momavalSi safrTxe ar elodeba. 

Catarebuli analizis ASedegebidan irkveva, rom kompanias 2006 wlidan gaaCnia krizisuli 

mdgomareoba da momdevno wlebSi ar ganuxorcielebia antikrizisuli RonisZiebebi. z dasaSveb 

normaze naklebi aRmoCnda, anu firma dgas finansuri problemebis winaSe. Cveni balansis Catarebuli 

analizis safuZvelze SegviZlia davaskvnaT rom “Coca-Cola enterprises”-Si msgavsi mdgomareoba 

Semdegma mizezebma gamoiwva: 

 

 

 

 

vadagadacilebuli kreditoruli davalianebebis didi raodenoba; 

moklevadiani sesxebis gadaWarbebuli gamoyeneba grZelvadiani aqtivebis dafinansebisaTvis; 

likvidurobis saerTo koeficientis mudmivi dabali done; 

sakuTari sabrunavi saxsrebis permanentuli ukmarisoba; 

nasesxebi saxsrebis zrda dafinansebis wyaroebSi; 

saintereso iqneboda analogiuri analizis Catareba qarTul kompaniebzec, magram iqidan 

gamomdinare rom saqarTveloSi araa daculi finansuri angariSgebis sajarooba da kopmaniebi TavianT 

saitebze ar aTavseben finansur Sedegebs, rTulia dainteresebuli pirebisaTvis qveyanaSi arsebuli 

kompaniebis finansuri mdgomareobis gansazRvra da msgavsi analizebis Catareba. 

182

sasaqonlo maragebis TviTRirebulebis Sefasebis 

meTodebis gavlena mogebis maCvenebelze 1 

Tamriko facia 

giorgi fanjikiZe 


mecn-xelm: prof. i. WilaZe 

savaWro kompaniebSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs SeZenili sasaqonlo sasaqonlo maragebis 

TviTRirebulebis gansazRvras. misi gamoTvla SedarebiT martivia, vidre sawyobidan gacemuli anu 

realizebuli saqonlis. 

sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi xSiria fasebis ryeva, Sesabamisad icvleba sasaqonlo 

maragebis TviTRirebuleba. saqonlis TviTRirebulebaSi CairTveba mxolod iseTi xarjebi, romlebic 

uSualodaa dakavSirebuli aqtivebis SeZenasTan da romelTa gareSec isini ver iqnen moyvanili muSa 

mdgomareobaSi. aucilebelia daxarjuli maragebis xSiri Sefaseba. dadgenilia TviTRirebulebis 

Sefasebis Semdegi meTodebi: saSualo Sewonili TviTRirebulebis, individualuri TviTRirebulebis 

meTodi, FIFO, LIFO, NIFO, normatiuli 

saSualo Sewonili meTodi: 

masalebis yoveli SeZenis dros gamoiangariSeba saSualo Sewonili Rirebuleba. es procesi 

emyareba maragebis wina periodis ganmavlobaSi darCenil erTeulTa raodenobas da mTlian 

Rirebulebas. igi gamoiTvleba Rirebulebis SefardebiT raodenobasTan: 

naSTis Rirebulebas + SeZenilis saqonli Rirebuleba 

naSTis raodenobas + SeZenilis saqonlis raodenoba 

es meTodi gaiangariSeba materialuri faseulobebis TiToeuli elementisaTvis cal-calke. 

saSualo fasis gaangariSeba unda mimdinareobdes periodulad an ganuwyvetliv. 

individualuri TviTRirebulebis meTodi 

es meTodi gamoiyeneba specialuri daniSnulebis saqonlisa da momsaxurebis gasaangariSeblad, 

romlebic ar arian urTierTSemcvelni. es meTodi misaRebia ZviradRirebuli da individualurad 

gansxvavebuli produqciis erTeulis Sesafaseblad. am meTodis gamoyenebis dros mizanSewonilia 

individualuri baraTebis warmoeba, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs nebismier momentSi dadgindes maragis 

Rirebuleba. mxolod am meTodis gamoyenebis dros Tanxvdeba maragis Rirebulebis moZraoba mis 

fizikur moZraobas. 

FIFO 

TviTRirebulebis Sefasebis miznebisaTvis fifo meTodi efuZneba daSvebas, rom pirvel rigSi 

gaiyideba maragSi pirvelad Semosuli sagnebi amitom maragis xarjva fasdeba maTi SeZenis 

TanmimdevrobiT vidre ar iqneba daxarjuli pirvelad miRebuli maragebi. naSTad darCeba is, rac 

yvelaze bolos iyo SeZenili an warmoebuli. Sesabamisad Sesafasebeli maragis TviTRirebuleba 

dadgindeba Tavdapirvelad miRebuli maragebis erTeulTa fasebiT. 

LIFO. es meTodi eyrdnoba koncefcias, rom pirvelad ixarjeba is sasaqonlo maragebi, 

romlebic bolos iqna SeZenili an warmoebuli, amitom am faseulobebis gacema xdeba bolos 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna `buRaltruli aRricxvisa da auditis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze da 


183

SeZenili masalebis fasiT, xolo naSTad darCenili maragi Sefasdeba yvelaze adre SeZenili 

masalebis fasiT. 

inflaciis periodSi maragSi axlad Semosul saqonels ufro meti TviTRirebuleba eqneba, 

vidre adre Semosul saqonels. amitom, Tu SevusabamebT adre Semosuli saqonlis TviTRirebulebis 

gayidvidan amonagebs, fifo meTodis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi gayiduli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba 

ufro naklebi iqneba, xolo maragis saboloo naSTis TviTRirebuleba da mogeba ufro meti, vidre 

LIFO meTodis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi. 

LIFO meTodis gamoyeneba rekomendirebuli ar aris buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso 

standartebis mixedviT, Tumca nebadarTulia bass-2-iT. amis mizezia is, rom LIFO ar iZleva maragis 

faqtobriv TviTRirebulebasTan sakmaod miaxloebul Sefasebas. 

Teoriulad, TviTRirebulebisa da amonagebis Sesabamisoba unda moxdes yoveli gayidvisas. 

praqtikaSi mosalodnelia garkveuli modificireba ganicados am Teoriam. 

NIFO. es meTodi moiTxovs, rom sawyobidan gacemuli masalebi Sefasdes momavalSi SesaZeni 

masalebis mosalodneli fasiT. gansxvavebis dabalanseba xdeba maragis koreqtirebis angariSidan. 

roca maragebis saboloo naSTi dadgindeba Cven SegviZlia davadginoT gadaxra masalebis 

RirebulebebSi rac gamoiTvleba Semdegnairad: 

(sawyisi naSTis Rirebulebas + SeZenis Rirebulebebi) – (saboloo naSTis Rirebulebas + 

gacemis Rirebulebebi). 

normatiuli. am meTodis dros sawarmoSi dadgenilia masalebis normatiuli fasi. sawyobidan 

gacemuli masalebis da naSTad darCenili masalebis Sefaseba xdeba normatiuli RirebulebiT. 

faqtiur da normatiul Rirebulebas Soris gansxvaveba gadaxrebis angariSze grovdeba. aRricxvis 

saerTaSoriso standartebiT rekomendirebulia saSualo Sewonili, FIFO da normatiuli meTodebis 

gamoyeneba. 

Sesabamisad meti TvalsaCinoebisaTvis moviyvanoT magaliTebi am sam meTodze: 

ganvixiloT Sokoladis realizatori firma, romelsac sawyobSi Semoaqvs sxadasxva 

dasaxelebis nawarmi: 

saSualo Sewonili meTodi: 

erTeulTa erTeulis fasi (lari) maragis Rirebuleba 

TariRi 

operacia raodenoba 

(lari) 

01.02 sawyisi naSTi 0 0 0 

05.02 miReba 1500 2.75 4125 

10.02 miReba 500 3.05 2440 

15.02 gacema (2000) (4125+2440)/(1500+800)=2.9 (5800) 

d a r C a 300 765 

16.02 SeZena 500 3.35 1675 

22.02 miReba (450) (765+1675)/(300+500)=3.05 (1372) 

28.02 saboloo naSTi 350 3.05 1068 

normatiuli 

TariRi 

operacia 

erTeulTa 

raodenoba 

erTeulis 

fasi (lari) 

maragis 

Rirebuleba (lari) 

01.02 sawyisi naSTi 0 0 0 

05.02 miReba 1500 2.75 4125 

184

10.02 miReba 500 3.05 2440 

15.02 gacema (2000) 3.25 (6500) 

d a r C a 300 65 

16.02 SeZena 500 3.35 1675 

22.02 miReba (450) 3.25 (1463) 

28.02 saboloo naSTi 350 3.05 277 

meTodi FIFO 

TariRi 

raodenoba 

erTeulis fasi 

Rirebuleba 

naSTi: 01.02 

SeZena: 05.02 

10.02 

16.02 

1500 

800 

500 

2.75 

3.05 

3.35 

4125 

2440 

1675 

____________ 

sul SeZena 

_____________ 

2800 

______________ 

_ 

______________ 

8240 

5650 

gacema: 15.02 

0 

2000 

0 

1500*2.75+500*3.05 

0 

22.02 

450 

300*3.05+150*3.35 

1417.5 

185

_____________________________________________________________________ 

sul gacema: 2450 _ 7067.5 

naSTi: 350 350*3.35=1172.5 

daxarjuli da naSTad darCenili masalebis Sefasebis ganxiluli meTodebi 

gavlenas axdenen mogebis maCvenebelze. Tu masalebis saboloo naSTi izrdeba, maSin 

daxarjuli masalebis raodenoba mcirdeba da maSasadame mogeba gaizrdeba. piriqiT: Tu 

masalebis saboloo naSTi Semcirdeba, maSin danaxarjebi gaizrdeba da Sesabamisad, mogeba 

Semcirdeba. amrigad, masalebis saboloo naSTebis zrda mogebas zrdis da naSTebis Semcireba 

mogebas amcirebs. 

FIFO normatiuli saSualo Sewonili 

meTodi: 

Semosavali realizaciidan 10 000 10 000 10 000 

saqonlis sawyisi naSTi 0 0 0 

Sesyidvebi 8240 8240 8240 

saboloo naSTi 1172.5 1068 277 

relizebuli saqonlis T/R 7067.5 7172 7963 

mogeba realizaciidan 2932.5 2828 2037 

maragebis Sefasebis meTodebi cvlis mogebas. sawarmos xelmZRvanelobis mier 

SerCeuli meTodi gamoyenebul unda iqnas periodis ganmavlobaSi. amasTan, aRricxvis 

saerTaSoriso standartebiT. 


1. mmarTvelobiTi aRricxva – izolda WilaZe, Tbilisi 2008 

2. buRaltruli aRricxva – a.xorava, n. kvataSiZe, n. sreseli, z. gogriWiani, 

Tbilisi 2008 

www.economy.ge 

www.statistics.ge 

186

turistuli gamofenebi da bazrobebi 1 

Tamaz deviZe 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: asist-prof. mzia baramiZe 

saerTaSoriso gamofenebi da bazrobebi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben saerTa- 

Soriso vaWrobis ganviTarebis saqmeSi. aseT RonisZiebebze Tavs iyris sxvadasxva qveynebSi 

warmoebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebebis farTo asortimenti da momxmarebels 

saSualeba aqvs adgilzeve gaecnos sxvadasxva SemoTavazebebs, awarmoos molaparakebebi, 

miiRos kvalificiuri konsultacia. 

gamofenebsa da bazrobebs gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba eniWeba turistul 

biznesSi. specializebuli turistuli gamofenebi da bazrobebi 30 welze metia rac 

imarTeba da maTi ricxvi yovelwliurad izrdeba. marto evropaSi yovelwliurad 

2000-ze meti saerTaSoriso turistuli gamofena-bazroba ewyoba. 

turistuli gamofena-bazrobebis ekonomikuri Sinaarsi savaWro-sareklamo komunikaciis 

ganviTarebaSi mdgomareobs. sagamofeno RonisZiebebSi monawileoba saSualebas 

aZlevs sxvadasxva turistul sawarmoebs droulad moaxdnon ekonomikuri, 

organizaciuli, teqnikuri informaciis gavrceleba miznobrivi auditoriis farTo 

speqtrze. es procesi warmoadgens erTian kompleqss iseTi mniSvnelovani elementebisa 

rogorebicaa: reklama, propaganda piari, piradi gayidva. 

turistuli firmis monawileobis procesi sagamofeno RonisZiebebSi pirobiTad 

SeiZleba davyoT 6 etapad. es etapebia: 

1) principuli gadawyvetilebis miReba sagamofeno saqmianobaSi monawilebis miRebis 

Sesaxeb; 

2) gamofenaSi firmis miznebis gansazRvra; 

3) konkretuli gamofenis SerCevas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba miznebis miRwevisaTvis; 

4) mosamzadebeli periodi; 

5) muSaoba gamofenis mimdinareobis procesSi; 

6) sagamofeno RonisZiebaSi monawileobis Sedegis analizi. 

Oorganizaciuli aspeqtiT mniSvnelovania prospeqti, romelSic monawileTa sruli 

sia da maT Sesaxeb mokle informaciaa ganTavsebuli. is mraval kiTxvaze iZleva 

pasuxs. 

gamofenis dasrulebis Semdeg saWiroa Sejamebul iqnas firmis gamofenaSi 

monawileobis Sedegebi. Ggamofenis Sedegebi SeiZleba davyoT or nawilad 1) organizaciuli 

da 2) komerciuli, maTi gaanalizeba mizanSewonilia moxdes gamofenis 

damTavrebidan ramdenime Tvis Semdeg. rogorc wesi, gamofena “cocxlobs” daxurvidan 

ramdenime Tvis Semdegac. amitom saWiroa gaTvaliswinebul iqnas momavali 

organizaciuli da komerciuli Sedegebis analizi saSualebas gvaZlevs gavakeToT 

dakvnebi investiciebis efeqtianobis Sesaxeb. 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna Tsu `turizmis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze, daikava saprizo 

adgili. 

187

sagamofeno RonisZiebeSi monawileobis miReba firmebs sxvadasxva formiTa da 

meTodiT SeuZliaT. firma SeiZleba gamofena-bazrobebze warmodgenil iqnas, rogorc 

damoukidebeli eqsponenti an rogorc jgufis wevri. gamocdilebam cxadyo rom 

firmisTvis ufro xelsayreli da momgebiania gamofena-bazrobebSi monawileoba 

koleqtiuri formiT. amis magaliTia erovnuli stendi. aseTi stendebi maqsimalurad 

izidaven damTvaliereblebs. 

gamofena-bazrobebisTvis mniSvnelovania sagamofeno stendis mowyoba. sagamofeno 

stendi _ es aris firmis saxe. stendma didi vizualuri efeqti unda moaxdinos 

damTvalierebelze. sagamofeno RonisZiebaSi monawileobis pirvelad miRebis 

SemTxvevaSi an Tu firma SezRudulia drosa da finansebSi, mas SeuZlia airCias mza 

moduli, e.w. stendis ConCxi romelic gamofenis organizatoris mier aris agebuli. 

mTeli sagamofeno eqspozicia pirobiTad iyofa ramdenime zonad: ZiriTadi, samuSao 

da damxmare. 

stendi formdeba calkeuli sareklamo elementebis daxmarebiT, rogoricaa 

warwerebi, sasaqonlo niSnebi, telefonis nomrebi, monitorebze morbenali 

striqonebi da a.S. 

stendis momsaxure personalis raodenoba damokidebulia stendis sidideze. 

stendistebi unda iyvnen megobruli, taqtiani, diplomatiuri; damTvaliereblebs unda 

egebebodnen RimiliT, mTeli RonisZiebis ganmavlobaSi imyofebodnen saubrisaTvis 

mzadyofnaSi, unda SeZlon firmis yvela momsaxurebaze ganmartebebis micema. 

msoflios yvelaze umsxviles turistul gamofena-bazrobebs warmoadgens 

berlinis gamofena-bazroba_ITB-berlin; londonis_WTM (world tourism Market); madridis_ITUR; 

milanis BIT-borsa internazionale del turismo (daaxl. 0.5 milioni stumari), venis 

(daaxl. 0.5 milioni stumari), Sarl le rues (daaxl. 400 000 stumari) da a.S. 

gamofena-bazrobebi xSirad Tematuri principiT mimdinareobs-ekologiuri 

turizmis, mdgradi ganviTarebis problemebis, siRaribis daZlevis sakiTxebis. bazrobis 

mimdinareobis paralelurad imarTeba prezentaciebi, seminarebi, forumebi, 

mrgvali magidebi. 

kavkasiis erT-erT mTavar turistul movlenas warmoadgens Tbilisis 

saerTaSoriso gamofena-bazroba - CTF-Coucasus Tourism fair, romelic yoveli wlis 

aprilSi sagamofeno centr èqspo-jorjiaSi imarTeba. 2009 wels RonisZieba 

gaimarTa turizmisa da kurortebis departamentis, Tbilisis meriis, saqarTvelos 

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros da daculi teritoriebis saagentos 

mxardaWeriT. 

gamofenaze erovnul administraciebTan erTad warmodgenili iyo azerbaijanis, 

somxeTis, TurqeTis turoperatorebi, saerTaSoriso aviaxazebi - Austrian Airlines, 

Luftansa. 

gamofenis mimdinareobis farglebSi gaimarTa seminarebi, sadac monawileebma 

wamoadgines moxsenebebi Temebze - àxali turistuli atraqciebi saqarTveloSi”; 

`turizmis brendingi saxelmwifo da regionul doneze~; `qalaqis mimzidvelobaTa 

marketingi~. gamofenas dadebiT mxareebTan erTad gaaCnda mTeli rigi naklovanebebi: 

ar iyo srulad warmodgenili saqarTvelos regionebi, dabali iyo stendistTa 

moimzadebis done da a.S. 

188

2009 wels saqarTvelo monawileoba miiRo msoflios mniSvnelovan sagamofeno 

RonisZiebebSi. 

ITB-berlin-ze warmodgenili iyo 187 qveynis 11 098 kompania. gamofenas estumra 

178 971 vizitori. saqarTvelos saxeliT 60 kv. metris stendze. turizmisa da 

kurortebis departamentTan da Tbilisis meriasTan erTad warmodgenili iyo 8 

qarTuli kompania. qarTuli stendis stumrebs saSualeba hqondaT gaesinjaT qarTuli 

Rvino. gamofenis farglebSi 13 marts gaimarTa preskonferencia, sadac saqarTvelos 

turizmisa da kurortebis departamentis ufrosis moadgilem beqa jayelma germaniaSi 

saqarTvelos sagangebo da sruluflebian elCTan baton levan duCaZesTan erTad 

moaxdina saqarTvelos rogorc turistuli qveynis prezentacia adgilobriv bazarze. 

preskonferencias eswreboda 50-mde akreditebuli Jurnalisti, madridis 

saerTaSoriso gamofena-bazroba FFITUR-s yovelwliurad daaxloibiT 250 000 

stumari hyavs. 2000 wels gamofenam 20 wlis iubile aRniSna. Catarda forumi, 

prezentaciebi. 

2009 wels FITUR-warmodgenili iyo 170 qveynis 12 312 turizmis sferos 

profesionali. gamofenas stumrobda 85 283 vizitori. FFITUR-ze warmodgenili iyo 

saqarTveloc 24 kv. metr stendze. qarTuli stendi gaformebuli iyo folkloruli 

elementebiT: ansabl `Svidkacas” sakoncerto programiT. 

yovelwliurad noembris Sua ricxvebSi turistuli industriis da msoflio 

sazogadoebis yuradRebis centrSi eqceva londoni. aq am dros msoflios erT-erTi 

umsxvilesi turistuli gamofena_bazroba WTM (world tourism Market) tardeba. 

londonis turistul gamofena bazrobas eqsponatTa da monawileTa raodenobis 

zrdis tendencia axasiaTebs. 

2009 wels gamofenaze warmodgenili iyo 203 qveynis 46 945 turizmis 

specialisti. gamofenaze warmodgenili iyo saqarTveloc. gamofenaze saqarTvelos 

mizans warmoadgenda saqarTvelos popularizacia didi britaneTis bazarze. 

WTM msoflios erT-erTi umnioSvnelovanesi turistuli gamofena-bazrobaa da 

saqarTvelos monawileoba am RonisZiebaSi mniSvnelovania qveynis turistuli imijis 

ganmtkicebisa da evropul bazarze poziciebis ganmtkicebis mizniT. 

milanis saerTaSoriso gamofena-bazroba BIT-borsa internazionale del turismo msoflios 

umsxviles sagamofeno RonisZiebaTa xuTeulSi Sedis. gansxvavebiT 2008 wlisa 

saqarvelom kvlav miiRo am gamofenaSi monawileoba. qarTuli stendi warmodgenili 

iyo 32 kv. metr farTobze. bevrma italielma aRniSna, rom agvistos omma xeli 

SeuSala saqarTveloSi CamosvlaSi. 

iseve rogorc bevr sxva gamofena-bazrobaze qarTuli sagamofeno stendi didi 

interesiT sargeblobda parizis saerTaSoriso gamofena bazroba MAP-le monde a parisze. 

qarTuli stendis stumrebi gansakuTrebul interess amJRavnebdnen agro da 

saTavgadasavlo turebze. 

2009 wels saqarTvelo warmodgenili iyo azerbaijanis saerTaSoriso turistrul 

gamofena-bazroba - AITF-ze, romelzec kompaniebi 28 qveynidan iyo warmodgenili. 

qarTuli stendi sakmaod didi popularobiT sargeblobda. gansakuTrebuli 

interesi gamoiwvia saqarTvelos sazRvao, samTo-saTxilamuro da saqalaqo turebma. 

189

mimdinare wlis 12 Tebervlidan 15 Tebervlis CaTvliT stambulSi gaimarTa rigiT 

me-13 ÈMITT~-xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebis saerTaSoriso turistuli gamofena-bazroba. 

gamofenaze saqarTvelos turizmisa da kurortebis departamenti warmodgenili iyo 

vizitoris saxiT. RonisZiebis mimdinareobis procesSi Catarda gamokiTxva, romlis 

mizanic iyo daedgina Tu ra miaCniaT ucxoelebs xelisSemSlel faqtorebad 

saqarTveloSi vizitis dros. 

2009 wels saqarTvelom monawileoba miiRo helsinkis saerTaSoriso gamofenabazrobaSi 

`MATKA”. turizmisa da kurortebis departamentis ufrosis miovaleobis 

Semsrulebelma beqa jayelma gamarTa preskonferencia saqarTvelos turistuli 

potencialis Sesaxeb. gamofenis mimdinareobis periopdSi didi interesiT 

sargeblobda qarTuli sagamofeno stendi. 

wels saqarTvelo warmodgenili iyo Telavivis saerTaSoriso gamofena-bazroba 

IMTM-ze. turizmisa da kurortebis departamentis mier Catarebuli kvlevebis mixedviT 

israeli bazari erT-erTi mzardia da aq dagegmil RonisZiebebSi monawileobis 

miReba saqarTvelosTvis strategiulad momgebiania. 

rogorc FITUR-ze, aqac qarTuli stendi folkloruli elementebiT iyo 

gaformebuli, mReroda ansabli `Svidkaca~. qarTul stends ewvia israelis turizmis 

ministri. 

qarTuli stendis mimarT didi iyo interesi rigis saerTaSoriso turistul 

gamofena-bazroba “BALTTOUR-2009”-zec. es erT-erTi mniSvnelovani gamofenaa 

baltiispireTis qveynebSi. “BALTTOUR 2009”-ze saqarTvelo oTxi stendiT iyo 

warmodgenili. gamoiTqva didi survilebi qarTul tur-operatorebTan 

TanamSromlobaze. 

bolos unda aRvniSno rom mimdinare msoflio ekonomikurma krizisma mniSvnelovnad 

Seamcira msoflios turistul gamofena-bazrobebis masStabebi. es tendencia 

pirvelad 2008 wlis noemberSi londonis saerTaSoriso turistul gamofenabazrobaze 

SeiniSna. es RonisZieba wlebis manZilze masStabis zrdis tempiT 

xasiaTdeboda. gasul wels ki monawileTa da vizitorTa raodenobam mniSvnelovnad 

daiklo. ase moxda msoflios yvela mniSvnelovan gamofenaze. bunebrivia, krizisma 

gavlena moaxdina qarTul turizmze Tumca krizisze meti ziani ruseT-saqarTvelos 

2008 wlis omma mogvitana. am faqtma saqarTvelos rogorc usafrTxo qveynis imiji 

Zalian Searyia. 


1) Дурович А.П Маркетинг в туризме. Минск 2006 

2) Александрова А.Ю. Международный туризм. Москва 2003 

3) Котлер Ф. Меикенс Д.Ж. Маркетинг. Гостеприимство. Туризм. Москва 2008 

4) `marketingis aqtualuri sakiTxebi” (samecniero Sromebis krebuli) Tsu. gamoSveba VI 2005 

5) www.dotr.gov.ge 

6) www.internet.ge 

7) www.nplg.gov.ge 

190

internet-teqnologiebi turizmSi 1 

giorgi burduli 

Tsu bakalavri 

mecn-xelm: asist. prof. m. melaZe 

interneti, romelic arc Tu didi xnis win Semovida Cvens cxovrebaSi, 

ukve Cveni yoveldRiurobis ganuyofeli nawili gaxda. dRevandel dRes 

interneti msoflioSi yvelaze Zlier informaciul-teqnologiur sistemad 

gvevlineba. igi gamoiyeneba adamianTa saqmianobis mraval sferoSi. 

saerTaSoriso kompiuteruli qseli interneti imdenad mizanswafulad 

viTardeba, rom misi momxmareblebis da informaciuli resursebis ricxvi 

praqtikulad ormagdeba. am bumma gavlena iqonia turistul bizneszec. mxolod 

1996 wlidan internetSi gamoCndnen aTasobiT damoukidebeli ganyofilebebi – 

turistuli saagentoebi, sastumroebi da turistuli momxaxurebis dajavSnis 

aTobiT sistema. eqspertebis azriT 2010 wlisaTvis internetiT gaiyideba $ 300 

miliardi turistuli momsaxureba. amitom turistuli saagentoebis interesSi 

namdvilad ar Sedis internetis ugulebelyofa. 

internetis gamoyenebis plusebi turizmis sferoSi sul ufro da ufro 

gamokveTili xdeba. eleqtronuli fostis, da sxva sistemebis saSualebiT 

SesaZlebeli gaxda ufro swrafi da efeqtiani kavSiri adamianebsa da firmebs 

Soris. amasTan erTad komunikaciebis droc SeuzRudavia – 24 saaTi dReSi, 7 

dRe kviraSi. 

evropis mravalma turistulma saagentom Seamcira Tavisi reklamebis 

raodenoba presasa da televiziaSi da ZiriTadi aqcenti internetze gadaitana. 

bevri turistuli centri da kompania aTavsebs internetSi did informaciul 

masivebs teqstebiT, fotoebiT da aseve filmebiT, romelic momxmarebels 

saSualebas aZleven gaecnon turistul resursebs, ganrigebs, marSrutebs, 

informacias sastumroebis Sesaxeb, gaagzavnon moTxovna an dajavSnon 

turistuli momsaxureba da gadaixadon maTi safasuri internetis saSualebiT. 

popularuli saZiebo sistemebi Yahoo da Google warmoadgenen msoflioSi 

saukeTeso saZiebo sistemebs. yvela metnaklebad cnobilma gamofenebma ukve 

gaxsnen TavianTi internet-gverdebi, sadac mocemulia statistika, monawileobis 

miRebis pirobebi, akreditaciebi da sxv. 

internet resursebi onlainSi warmodgenilia Semdegi saxiT: 

_ saerTo daniSnulebis saitebi, sadac aris turistuli ganxrebi, 

_ specializirebuli turistuli saitebi da portalebi, 

_ saerTaSoriso dajavSnis sistemebi, 

_ turoperatorebis saitebi, 

_ turistuli saagentoebis saitebi, 

_ sastumroebis saitebi, 

_ mogzaurebis piradi saitebi, 

globaluri kompiuteruli qselis momxmarebelTa SesaZleblobebia: 

_ giganturi informaciuli sivrcis xelmisawvdomoba, romelic Seicavs 

adamianTa saqmianobis yvela struqturas; 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna `turizmis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze da daimsaxura saprizo 

adgili. 

191

_ swrafi da efeqtuianikavSiri sxvadasxva masalebTan, cnobarebTan, 

enciklopediebTan da sxv; 

_ iafi da mosaxerxebeli komunikaciis sistemebis xelmisawvdomoba; 

_ saqonlisa da momsaxurebis formirebis da realizaciis axali 

SesaZleblobebi; 

_ marketingisa da reklamis axali mosaxerxebeli strategia; 

_ eleqtronuli prezentaciebis SesaZlebloba; 

_ monawileobis SesaZlebloba eleqtronul gamofenebze, vaWrobebze da sxva; 

_ momsaxurebisa da dajavSnis mosaxerxebeli saZiebo sistema; 

_ gasarTobi funqcia; 

_ kapitalis transferi; 

_ virtualuri ofisis sistema; 

_ muSaoba operatiul reJimSi; 

zemoT CamoTvlili SesaZleblobebis umetesoba gamoiyeneba turistul 

sferoSi. turistuli saagentoebis gansakuTrebul interess iwvevs globaluri 

qselis Semdegi SesaZleblobebi: 

_ komunikaciebi da efeqtiani kavSiri; 

_ reklama da turistuli produqtis ganviTareba; 

_ marketinguli kvlevebi; 

_ firmebisa da maTi produqtis eleqtronuli prezentacia; 

_ eleqtronuli, saeTaSoriso da regionuli turistuli gamofenebis 

gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba; 

_ dajavSnis sistemis gamoyeneba; 

_ turis damoukidebeli formireba da turistuli mosawvevis SeZenis 

SesaZlebloba; 

_ turistuli produqtis eleqtronuli cxrilebis gamoyeneba qveynebis da 

mimarTulebebis mixedviT; 

_ amindis prognozis, qveynis Sesaxeb informaciis da misi mimarTulebiT 

marSrutebis mimosvlis Sesaxeb informaciis mopovebis SesaZlebloba; 

_ sastumroebis fasebis da sxva turistuli momsaxurebebis tarifebis Sesaxeb 

informaciis mopovebis SesaZlebloba; 

_ virtualuri ofisis Seqmnis SesaZlebloba da sxv. 

internet-momxmareblebis raodenoba msoflioSi regionebis mixedviT 

mocemulia cxrilSi 1. mosaxleobis internetizaciiT liderobs CrdiloeTi 

amerika, avstralia da evropa. aziis mosaxleobis didi raodenobis gamo ki 

msoflios internet-momxmareblebis yvelaze didi raodenoba _ 37,6% cxovrobs 

aziaSi. 

internet-momxmareblebis raodenoba msoflioSi regionebis mixedviT 2008 

wlisTvis 

msoflio regionebi 

mosaxleoba 

msofl 

ios 

mosaxl 

eoba 

(%) 

internetmomxmareble 

bi 

interneti interneti 

T mocva T mocva 

(%) msof. (%) 

momx. 

zrda 

(2000- 

2008) 

afrika 955206348 14.3 % 51022400 5.3 % 3.6 % 1030.2 % 

azia 3776181949 56.6 % 529701704 14.0 % 37.6 % 363.4 % 

evropa 800401065 12.0 % 382005271 47.7 % 27.1 % 263.5 % 

192

axlo 

aRmosavleTi 

19709443 3.0 % 41939200 21.3 % 3.0 % 1176.8 % 

Crd. amerika 337167248 5.1 % 246402574 73.1 % 17.5 % 127.9 % 

samxreT amerika 576091673 8.6 % 137300309 23.8 % 9.8 % 659.9 % 

avstralia/okeane 

Ti 

mTliani 

msoflio 

33981562 0.5 % 19353462 57.0 % 1.4 % 154.0 % 

6676120288 100 % 1407724920 21.1 % 100.0 % 290.0 % 

cxrilSi 2 mocemulia 2008 wlis monacemebiT msoflios 10 mTavari qveyana 

internet-momxmarebelTa raodenobis mixedviT, romlis mixedviTac liderobs 

aSS, CineTi da iaponia. 

cxrili 2. msoflios 10 mTavari qveyana internet-momxmarebelTa raodenobis 

mixedviT 2008 wlisTvis 

# qveyana 

internetmomxmarebeli 

internetiT 

mocva (%) 

internetiT 

mocva 

msoflio(%) 

1 a.S.S 210575287 69.7 % 18.0 % 

2 CineTi 162000000 12.3 % 13.8 % 

3 iaponia 86300000 67.1 % 7.4 % 

4 germania 50426117 61.1 % 4.3 % 

5 indoeTi 42000000 3.7 % 3.6 % 

6 brazilia 39140000 21.0 % 3.3 % 

7 didi britaneTi 37600000 62.3 % 3.2 % 

8 samxreT korea 34120000 66.5 % 2.9 % 

9 safrangeTi 32925953 53.7 % 2.8 % 

10 italia 31481928 52.9 % 2.7 % 

cnobili faqtia, rom turistuli momsaxurebis pirdapiri reklamireba 

saerTaSoriso informaciis saSualebebis meSveobiT TandaTanobiT klebulobs. 

erTis mxriv internet-samyaroSi warmatebuli CarTva yovelTvis miRwevadi araa 

da zog SemTxvevaSi danaxarji SeiZleba meti iyos mogebaze. aris firmebi, 

romlebmac uamravi dro da Tanxebi daxarjes saitis SesaniSnavi dizainis 

Sesaqmnelad, magram amiT mogeba ver naxes. 

turistuli saitis ZiriTad moTxovnilebad, ra Tqma unda, gvevlineba 

operatiuloba. rodesac momxmarebeli internetiT gadawyvets sagzuris moZiebas, 

is arafers elodeba, garda abzacebs turizmze da dasvenebaze, gamoqveynebuls 

eleqtronuli saxiT. aseTi abzacebi kargia turistul portalebSi, romlebic 

iTvlebian mTavar wertilebad turis moZiebaSi. turistuli portalidan 

turistuli saagentos saitze gadasvlisas, momxmarebeli uflebamosilia 

moipovos ufro meti aqtualuri informacia. 

turistuli momsaxurebis reklamis Seqmna sasurvelia turistuli 

saagentos SeqmnisTanave. internetiT reklamis erT-erTi ZiriTadi saxe iyo da 

193

aris sareklamo baneri. banerebis standartuli gafarToeba aris 468X60 da 

100X100 wertilebi. 

sareklamo baneri SesaZlebelia ganTavsdes aramarto konkretul turistul 

saitebze, aramed sareklamo banerebis qselSic, romlebic Tavis TavSi 

aerTianebs uamrav sxvadasxva saxis saitebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi sareklamo baneris 

fasic gacilebiT naklebia. 

rogorc cnobilia, turistul saitebze aramarto sareklamo banerebis 

ganTavsebaa SesaZlebeli, aramed saswrafo informaciis turebis Sesaxeb. amasTan 

erTad momxmarebels SeuZlia miuTiTos kriteriumebi da maqsimalurad airCios 

konkretuli turebis gafiltvris SesaZlebloba. survilis mixedviT ki momxmarebels 

SeuZlia turistul saagentos gaugzavnos informacia turiT misi dainteresebis 

Sesaxeb. 

arsebobs ramdenime xerxi, imisaTvis rom gamorCeuli viyoT konkurentebisagan. 

aucilebelia turis saTauri rac SeiZleba mimzidveli iyos, radgan turis 

saTauri da fasi es is pirveli cnebebia rasac momxmarebeli pirvel rigSi 

uyurebs. araa aucilebeli saTaurebSi daiweros konkretuli informacia, meore 

rigSi yuradReba unda mieqces, Tu rogor xarisxdeba SemoTavazeba. bevr portalze 

yvelaze maRla naCvenebia SemoTavazebebi, romlebic arc Tu didi xnis 

win Seicvala. aseT SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia saitze xSiri Sesvla da informaciis 

ganaxleba. 

turistuli portalebi, gansxvavebiT Jurnalebisagan, SezRudulebi ar 

arian da nebismier dros SeuZliaT miawodon momxmarebels originaluri rklama 

internetSi reklamis SesaZleblobebi ar Semoifargleba mxolod 

turistuli saitebiT. turistuli saagentoebisaTvis internetiT reklamis kidev 

erT saSualebad iTvleba saZiebo sistemebi. 

bolos sagulisxmoa aRvniSnoT, rom dRevandel dRes turizmis reklama 

internetis saSualebiT Zalze efeqtiania.. saWiroa mxolod avirCioT kargi 

strategia da gaviTvaliswinoT is faqtori, rom turistuli da Tundac 

nebismieri reklama internetiT aris kompleqsuri procedura da ara erTjeradi 

aqcia. 

dResdReobiT turoperatorebi aqtiurad aviTareben online – dajavSnis 

sistemas. amgvari sistemebi saSualebas gvaZleven avirCioT saWiro turi da 

daijavSnos is realur reJimSi. amisaTvis saWiroa mxolod turistis 

monacemebis Seyvana da Semdeg ok Rilakis daWera. online – dajavSnis sistemebi 

saSualebas gvaZleven, rom: 

_ ganvaxorcieloT momentaluri dajavSna; 

_ vakontroloT SekveTebi; 

_ realuri drois reJimSi vakontroloT adgilebis raodenoba, gayidvebis 

SeCereba da a.S. ; 

_ ramdenime wuTis ganmavlobaSi gavigoT TviTmfrinavis gafrenis dro, 

aeroporti da sxv. ; 

_ gamoviTvaloT damatebiTi momsaxurebis gadasaxadi; 

_ davzogoT turistuli saagentos menejeris dro. 

rodesac turoperatorisgan miviRebT dasturs, saagento valdebulia 

umokles vadebSi gadauxados turoperators turis safasuri da miawodos 

turisaTvis aucilebeli yvela dokumenti. aseTi sistemebi TiTqmis msoflios 

yvela wamyvani turoperatoris saitzea ganTavsebuli. 

194

erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli qarTuli turistuli saitia 

www.davisvenot.ge. misi ganaxleba yoveldRiurad xdeba da moicavs operatiul da 

katalogizirebul informacias turizmis Sesaxeb. ganTavsebulia informacia 

qarTuli turebis Sesaxeb. aseve SesaZlebelia qarTuli kurortebis Sesaxeb 

informaciis mopoveba. ganxraSi mocemulia damsvenebelTa istoriebi, 

turistebis STabeWdilebebi, rCevebi da sxva sadac SeiZleba CvenTvis saWiro 

informaciis mopoveba. 

saitebi www.geres.ge, www.qartuli.com, www.interes.ge ZiriTadad saZiebo 

xasiaTisaa. ganxrebSi `turizmi~ Cven SegviZlia movipovoT saWiro informacia 

turizmis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi. 

turizmi dRes aris globaluri kompiuterizirebuli biznesi, sadac 

monawileobas iReben umsxvilesi aviakompaniebi, sastumroTa qselebi da mTeli 

msoflios turistuli korporaciebi. Tanamedrove turproduqti xdeba ufro 

elastikuri da individualuri, ufro mimzidveli da moxmarebisaTvis 

xelmisawvdomi. 

kompiuteri da interneti dResdReobiT gvevlineba uaxles informaciul 

teqnologiad, xolo turizmi da informacia xom ganuyofeli cnebebia: 

gadawyvetilebis miReba gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb swored informaciis safuZvelze 

xdeba. TviT turi gayidvis momentSi – esec informaciaa. amitom internetis 

ganviTareba turizmis sferoSi erT-erTi prioritetuli amocanaa. saerTaSoriso 

qselis daxmarebiT, Tanamedrove turistuli kompaniebi, Tavdajerebulad da 

warmatebiT muSaoben. 

axal teqnologiebs (internets) SeuZliaT Zirfesvianad Secvalon turistuli 

saagentoebis muSaoba. interneti ar cvlis agents, piriqiT, mis muSaobas 

ufro efeqtians xdis. internetiT aseve Zalze mosaxerxebelia turistul 

sferoSi partniorebis moZieba, rac nebismieri biznesisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobisaa. 

turizmis sferoc, iseve rogorc globaluri qseli, mzardi industriebia, 

amitom maTi kavSiri mxolod da mxolod mogebas moitans. interneti xom 

uswrafesi gzaa nebismieri informaciis mosapoveblad, rasac turizmis sferoSi 

udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba. 


1. Marketing Tourism Destinations Online: Strategies for Information Age, WTO, Madrid, 1999 

2. Гаджиева А.А - Использование информационных технологий в туризме 

3. Сухорукова Н. - Влияние Интернета на развитие гостеприимства 

4. Гуляев В. Г. Нолидж, М. - Организация туристской деятельности. 

5. Гуляев В. Г. Мультимедийные технологии в туризме. Туризм. Практика, проблемы, перспективы 

6. www.travel.net 

7. www.cnnhotels.com 

8. www.tourism.com 

195

umuSevroba saqarTveloSi da misi 

daZlevis gzebi 1 

nino gogoberiZe 

Tsu bakalavri 

mec-xelm: asoc. prof. n. paiWaZe 

dRevandeli ekonomikuri viTarebis pirobebSi saqarTveloSi samuSao Zalis 

bazari uaRresad rTuli da araorganizebulia, rac ganpirobebulia mimdinare 

struqturuli cvlilebebiT, gardamavali periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sirTuleebiTa 

da misi saxelmwifo regulirebis meqanizmis arasrulfasovnebiT. marTalia, 

registrirebulTa ricxvi realurad ver asaxavs umuSevrTa rao denobas da, 

aqedan gamomdinare, umuSevrobis dones, magram garkveul warmodgenas mainc iZ - 

leva umuSevrobis mizezebis Sesaxeb. 

umuSevroba qveyanaSi erT-erTi yvelaze didi problemaa. oficialuri statistikuri 

monacemebiT, qveyanaSi daaxloebiT qveyanaSi daaxloebiT 280 aTa si 

adamiani samsaxuris gareSea darCenili. es pirobiTi cifrebia, realurad ki umu- 

SevarTa ricxvi gacilebiT didia, radgan soflad kerZo meurneobaSi TviTdasaqmebulebi 

da bazrobebze movaWreebi statistikis uwyebas dasaqmebulebad hyavs 

aRricxuli. 

cxrili 1. umuSevroba saqarTveloSi 2001-2005 wlebSi 

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 

sul aqtiuri mosaxleoba 

aTasi kaci 2113.3 2104.2 2050.8 2041.0 2023.9 

dasaqmebuli /aTasi kaci 1877.7 1839.2 1814.9 1783.3 1744.6 

umuSevai /aTasi kaci 235.6 265.0 235.9 257.6 279.3 

umuSevrobis done procenti 11.1 12.6 11.5 12.6 13.8 

rogorc cxrilidan 1. Cans 2005 wels aRricxuli umuSevarTa ricxvi 

2001 wlidan SedarebiT gaizarda 2,7 procentuli punqtiT. 

2006 wels bevri ram gakeTda samuSao adgilebis gaCenisa da dasaq - 

mebisaTvis, aRniSnul wels qveyanaSi dafuZnda ramdenime axali kom pania. 

2006 wels daarsebul kompaniebidan aRsaniSnavia `tkbili qveyana~ sawarmom 

umokles droSi SeZlo saqarTvelos bazarze gamorCeuli adgilis damkvid re- 

1 moxseneba wakiTxuli iqna `menejmentis~ sakaTedro studentur konferenciaze da daimsaxura saprizo 

adgili. 

196

a, misi warmateba ganapiroba aramarto maRalkvalificiurma personalma, aramed 

uaxlesma teqnologiebmac. `dReisaTvis sawarmoSi `tkbili qveyana” 400-mde adamiania 

dasaqmebuli. momavalSi warmoebis gafarToebas vapirebT da Sesabamisad kidev 

meti samuSao adgili gaCndeba~, - dasZina sawarmos warmomadgenelma daviT 

Cxenkelma. 

2005 wels, axali ekonomikuri pilitikis farglebSi, amuSavda da saqmebis 

umniSvnelovanesi programa. Sedegad, _ samuSao adgilebze pro fesiuli momzadebis 

saxelmwifo programis farglebSi profesiuli momzadeba gaiara 42000 

adamianze metma, rac 2006 wels dasaqmebulTa 2,4% Seadgina programam gamoiRo 

dadebiTi Sedegi, erTi mxriv, xeli Seuwyo aTasze meti adamianis kvalifikaciis 

amaRlebas da maT droebiT dasaqmebas. xolo meore mxriv, rac ufro mniSvne - 

lovania programis Sedegad Seiqmna axali grZelvadiani samuSao adgilebi. 

winaswari SefasebiT 10 aTasamde programis monawilem miiRo grZelvadiani 

samsaxuri. yovelive aman ki ganapiroba 2006 wlis umuSevrTa ricxvis Semcireba. 

2006 wels umuSevrobis donem saqarTveloSi 13,6% Seadgina, rac 0,2%-iT 

naklebia, vidre 2005 wels. informacias imis Sesaxeb sainformacio saagento 

àxali ambebi _ saqarTvelo~ statistikis departamentis monacemebze dayrdnobiT 

avrcelebs. gavrcelebuli monacemebis Tanaxmad, 2006 wels qveyanaSi umuSevarTa 

ricxvma 274,5 adamiani Seadgina, rac 4,8 aTasiT naklebia, vidre 2005 wels. 

2006 wels daqiravebulTa ricxvi 603,9 aTas kacs Seadgenda, xolo 

TviTdasaqmebulTa _ 1 milion 141,6 aTas kacs. 

Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis `mkacri~ meTodologiiT gaangariSebuli 

umuSevroba 2008 wlis pirvel naxevarSi wina wlis analogiur periodTan 

SedarebiT 1,5 %-iT Semcirda da 6 TveSi saSualod 13,6 % Seadgina. 2008 wlis 

meore naxevarSi es maCvenebeli 1,1 %-iT naklebi iyo pirveli kvartlis Sesabamis 

maCvenebelze, rac SeiZleba sezonuri dasaqmebis SasaZleblobebis amsaxveli iyos. 

sul 15 wlis 

da 

ufrosi 

asakis 

mosaxleoba 

sul 

cxrili 2. umuSevroba saqarTveloSi 2007-2008 wlebSi 

umuSevroba umuSevrobis done araaqtiuri 

umuS.done(%) Sromisunariani 

asakis 

mosaxleoba 

Sromisunariani 

asakis zemoT 

mosaxleoba 

mosaxleoba15-20 wlis 

sul 

asakSi 

dasaqmebuli 

SinameurneobaSi 

2007 3350.8 261.0 13.3 15.8 1.5 924.8 252.9 

Q1 3397.4 305.6 15.3 19.2 2.9 948.7 265.5 

Q2 3389.4 308.3 14.9 18.8 0.8 968.8 244.0 

Q3 3345.6 294.7 14.4 17.9 1.4 947.6 233.9 

197

Q4 3270.9 297.4 14.6 18.9 0.9 875.7 249.2 

2008 

Q1 3062.6 268.5 14.1 18.6 0.9 955.9 280.3 

Q2 3094.5 268.9 13.0 17.6 2.1 846.2 232.1 

msoflio bankis egidiT Catarebul saWiroebaTa Sefasebis angariSis 

Tanaxmad, romelic briuselSi oqtomberSi gamarTul donor Ta konferenciisTvis 

momzadda, umuSevrobis done saqarTveloSi moklevadian periodSi 100,000-iT 

gaizrdeba da 350,000-s miaRwevs, rac amave dokumentis Tanaxmad, mTeli 

Sromisunariani mosaxleobis erT-mexuTeds warmoedgens. 

amave angariSis Tanaxmad, winaswari Sefasebebi cxadyofs, rom umuSevrobis 

done gaizrdeba 2007 wels arsebuli 13.3%-dan 15.1%-mde 2010 wlisTvis, xolo 

siRaribis done gaizrdeba arsebuli 23,6%-dan 25,9%-me momdevno ori wlis 

manZilze. 

angariSis Tanaxmad, agvistos omma da globalurma finansebma kri zisma 

gansakuTrebuli dartyma miayena mSeneblobis, uZravi qonebis, sacalo vaWrobisa 

da turistul seqtorebs. omis Sedegebi da 15 seqtembers dawyebuli msoflio 

ekonomikuri krizisi saqarTvelos ekonomikazec seriozul zegavlenas axdens. 

marto bankebSi ramdenime aTas adamians karisken miuTiTes. rTuli vi Tarebaa sxva 

kompaniebSic. umuSevroba saqarTveloSi bolo wlebis rekords aumjobesebs. 

`saqarTvelos bankma~ erTbaSad 830 adamiani datova samsaxuris gareSe. 

rogorc `saqarTvelos bankis~ xelmZRvaneloba acxadebs Statebi Semcirda 

arsebuli ekonomikuri krizisis gamo. vidre `saqarTvelos banki~ informacias 

sajaros gaxdida, TanamSromelTa Semcirebebi sabanko seqtorSi didi xnis 

dawyebuli iyo. magaliTad, `saxalxo bankma~ umuSevrad datova 300 adamiani. 

`Ti bi si~-m igive `perspeqtiva~ dausaxa 1000 TanamSromels. daaxloebiT 

500 kacs karisken miuTiTa `taoprivatmankma~. mokled sabanko seqtorebidan, 

samSeneblo sferosTan erTad, samuSao adgilebis Semcirebis li deri Seiqmna. 

saSualod TbilisSi 40-50 aTasi muSa xeli, romlebic, pirdapir aris 

dakavSirebuli samSeneblo procesebTan, arqiteqtori, mZRo li, kalatozi, muSa, 

amwe aris gaCerebuli. saerTo jamSi am TanamSromelTa ojaxis wevrebis CaTvliT 

Semosavlis gareSe darCa daaxloebiT 180 aTasi adamiani. 

saqarTveloSi umuSevrobis arsebuli donidan gamomdinare SeiZleba 

davaskvnaT, rom qveyanaSi qronikuli umuSevrobaa. 

amJamad, saqarTveloSi Camoyalibebuli ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gamo, 

ekonomikuri dacemis Sedegad gamowveuli umuSevrobis winaaRmdeg brZo lis 

198

efeqtianoba damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad SevZlebT misi gamomwvevi 

mizezebis daZlevas. 

msoflio finansuri krizisisa da agvistoSi gadatanili omis Semdeg, mTavrobas 

opozicia da qarTveli eqspertebi saqarTveloSi arsebul rTul eko - 

nomikur mdgomareobas erTxmad adastureben. saqarTvelos xelisuf lebaSi movlenebis 

ufro pozitiur ganviTarebas elian da miuxedavad imisa, rom qveyanaSi 

kerZo seqtorSi momuSaveTa Semcirebebis procesi ukve daiw yo, 2009 wlis 

biujetSi mTavrobis mxridan Cadebuli infrastruqturuli proeqtebi damatebiTi 

samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis alternativad ganixileba. rogorc prezidenti acxa - 

debs 2009 wels mTavrobis prioriteti `samuSao adgilebis gadarCena da Senar- 

Cunebaa~. 

rogorc cnobilia, 2009 wlis biujetiT dafinansebuli infrastruqturuli 

proeqtebi Zalian bevr adamians daasaqmebs. biujetSi gzebis mS eneblobaze 

500 mln. larze metia gaTvaliswinebuli. es aris uamravi ada mianisTvis dasaqmebis 

erT-erTi wyaro. ase rom, 2009 wlis biujetSi gzebis mSeneblobaze gaTvaliswineuli 

5 mln. lari umuSevari adamianebis ricxvs Seamcirebs. 

msoflio banki apirebs saqarTvelos gamouyos damatebiTi dafinanseba `si- 

Raribis daZlevis daxmarebis programis~ (PRSO) proeqtis farglebSi, romel- 

Sic umniSvnelovanesi adgili ukavia umuSevrobis Semcirebas. 

finansuri mxardaWera, romelic wamova donori qeynebidan saqarTvelos- 

Tvis, gaivlis sabanko seqtors. daaxloebiT 900 mln. dolaramde ganawildeba 

sabanko seqtorebze. am daxmarebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebia: soflis meurneobis, 

gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobis, mcire biznesisa da ipoTekuri bazris mxardaWera 

da satransporto infrastruqturis ganviTareba. am mimarTulebebis daxmareba 

ganapirobebs maT ganviTarebas, rac Tavis mxriv Seqmnis damatebiT samuSao 

adgilebs. 

aqedan gamomdinare, donori qveynebidan finansuri mxardaWera saqarTvelosaTvis 

Zalian mniSvnelovania. igi erT-erTi gzaa umuSevarTa ricxvis Sesamcireblad. 

rogorc ukve avRniSne, igi daexmareba soflis meurneobis ganviTarebas. 

dReisaTvis, soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebulTa Sromis mwarmoebloba uaRresad 

dabalia. soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebuli adamianebis didi nawili faqtobrivad 

umuSevrebi arian. amitom am daxmarebas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs, m isi meSveobiT 

Seiqmneba realuri samuSao adgilebi. 

2009 wlidan daiwyo axali saprezidento programa `saqarTvelo siRaribis 

gareSe~, romelSic Semdgom ganxorcielda cvlilebebi da aseTi saxe miiRo: `samuSao 

adgilebis gadarCena da SenarCuneba~. dagegmilia 200 000 samuSao adgi- 

199

lis Seqmna ucxouri investiciebis daxmarebiT. 2012 wlisTvis varaudoben umu- 

Sevrobis mkveTr Semcirebas. 

ukve damtkicebul programaSi naTqvamia, rom saqarTvelo daubrundeba di - 

namikuri ekonomikuri ganviTarebis gzas da 50%-ini gegma warmatebulad ganxorcieldeba, 

axal programaSi ukve xazgasmulia, rom `msoflio finansuri krizisisagan 

dacvis strategiam~ saqarTvelos ekonomika 50%_iani gegmis Sesrulebis 

gzaze unda daabrunos. 

saqarTveloSi amJamad umuSevrobis done sakmaod maRalia. saxelmw ifo statistikis 

mier umuSevarTa aRricxvis xarisxi aradamakmayofilebelia, xSirad 

umuSevroba ar aRiricxeba an faqtobrivad umuSevrebi CaTvlili arian momuSaveebad, 

gansakuTrebiT soflis meurneobaSi. aRricxul umuSevarTa done 2005 wels 

2001 welTan SedarebiT gaizarda 2,7%-uli punqtiT, xolo 2008 wels wina 

wlis analogiur periodTan SedarebiT 1,5 %-uli punqtiT Semcirda da 6 TveSi 

saSualod 13,6 %-uli punqti Seadgina. 2008 wlis meore kvartalSi es maCvenebeli 

1,1 %-uli punqtiT naklebi iyo pirveli kvartlis Sesabamis maCvenebelze. 

umuSevrobis Sesamcireblad saWiroa ganxorcieldes Semdegi Ronis Ziebebi: 

1) movizidoT iseTi tipis investiciebi, romlebic gazrdis samu Sao 

adgilebs, aseTi Sedegebis motana ki mxolod eqsportze orientire buli 

warmoebis waxalisebas SeuZlia; 

2) SevimuSavoT investiciebis waxalisebis specialuri sistema, romelic 

sagadasaxado SeRavaTebTan erTad, saxelmwifos mier specialuri funqciis 

ganxorcielebas gulisxmobs; 

3) dagegmilia 200 000 saSualo adgilis Seqmna ucxouri investorebis 

daxmarebiT; 

4) biujetSi gzebis mSeneblobisTvis gamoyofilia 500 mln. larze meti, 

rac uamravi adamianisaTvis dasaqmebis erTerTi wyaro gaxdeba; 

5) dagegmilia msoflio bankis daxmarebiT, soflebsa da parata qalaqebSi, 

specialuri jgufebis Camoyalibeba da treningebia Catareba, r aTa adamianebma 

winaswar Seiswavlon xeloba da Semdeg SeZlon miiRon monawileoba ama Tu im 

saqmianobaSi; 

6) gansazRvrulia soflis meurneobis, gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobis, 

mcire biznesis da ipoTekuri bazris mxardaWera da satransporto infras truqturis 

ganviTareba; 

7) gadasaxedia umuSevrobis statusi da umuSevrobis aRricxvis problema; 

8) saWiroa dawesdes individualur mewarmeTa SeRavaTebi; 

9) saxelmwifom unda izrunos bazris dacvaze. 

200


1. ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul-evropuli 

sakonsultacio centri, saqarTvelos ekonomikuri tenderebi, 2008 

2. Toria m., carciZe m., umuSevrobis problemebi da misi daZlevis gzebi, Tb., 

1998. 

3. paiWaZe n., personalis marTva Tb., 2003 

4. paiWaZe n., Sromis ekonomika, saxelmZRvanelo, Tb., 2000 


6. www.worldbank.ge 

201

studenturi eleqtronuli damatebiTi nomeri

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