2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ...

s i c o c x l i s<br />

u f l e b a<br />

Tbilisi <strong>2008</strong><br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

gamocema momzadebulia evropis kavSiris mxardaWeriT.<br />

saxelmZRvaneloze pasuxismgebelia <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong>axalgazrda</strong><br />

<strong>iuristTa</strong> <strong>asociacia</strong> da misi Sinaarsi ar gamoxatavs evropis kavSiris<br />

oficialur pozicias.<br />

proeqti dafinansebulia evropis<br />

kavSiris mier<br />

saxelmZRvanelosTvis masalebis<br />

moZieba da damuSaveba:<br />

Targmani:<br />

gamocemaze pasuxismgebeli:<br />

redaqtori:<br />

teq. redaqtori:<br />

ekaterine lomTaTiZe<br />

nana WyoiZe<br />

vaxtang vaxtangiZe<br />

giorgi CxeiZe<br />

lali Cxetia<br />

xaTuna yviralaSvili<br />

irakli svaniZe<br />

aiwyo da dakabadonda<br />

<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong>axalgazrda</strong><br />

<strong>iuristTa</strong> <strong>asociacia</strong>Si.<br />

krilovis q.15 Tbilisi 0102 saqarTvelo<br />

(+995 32) 95 23 53, 93 61 01<br />

tiraJi: 500 cali<br />

akrZalulia aq moyvanili masalebis gadabeWdva, gamravleba an gavrceleba<br />

komerciuli mizniT, asociaciis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe<br />

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© <strong>2008</strong>, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong>axalgazrda</strong> <strong>iuristTa</strong> <strong>asociacia</strong>

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sarCevi<br />

winasityvaoba.............................................................................................................5<br />

I - amonaridebi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso<br />

aqtebidan da adamianis uflebaTa komitetis komentarebi<br />

sicocxlis uflebasTan dakavSirebiT:........................................................6<br />

1. adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, 10 dekemberi,<br />

1948, muxli 3...................................................................................................................6<br />

2. adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli<br />

konvencia, muxli 2 da 15..............................................................................................6<br />

3. adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis<br />

evropuli konvencia, oqmi #6, muxlebi 1 da 2......................................................7<br />

4. adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis<br />

evropuli konvencia, oqmi #13, muxli 1.................................................................7<br />

5. saerTaSoriso paqti samoqalaqo da politikuri<br />

uflebebis Sesaxeb, muxlebi 4 da 6............................................................................7<br />

6. samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqtis<br />

sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebisadmi mimarTuli meore<br />

fakultaturi oqmi, muxli 1......................................................................................8<br />

7. marTlwesrigis damcvel Tanamdebobis pirTa qcevis kodeqsi.<br />

miRebulia generaluri asambleis #34/169 rezoluciiT,<br />

1979 wlis 17 dekemberi, muxli 3................................................................................9<br />

8. samarTaldamcavi muSakebis mier mier Zalisa da iaraRis gamoyenebis<br />

ZiriTadi principebi. miRebulia gaeros merve kongresze, romelic<br />

danaSaulis prevenciasa da damnaSaveTa mimarT mopyrobis sakiTxebs<br />

mieZRvna, havana, kuba, 27 agvisto - 7 seqtemberi, 1990,<br />

principebi 6, 9 da 10......................................................................................................9<br />

9. adamianis uflebaTa amerikuli konvencia, muxli 4 da 27............................10<br />

10. adamianisa da xalxTa uflebebis afrikuli qartia, muxli 4....................11<br />

11. evropis konstituciis damfuZnebeli xelSekruleba, muxli I-9.............12<br />

12. evropis kavSiris ZiriTad uflebaTa qartia, 2000/C 364/01, muxli 2...12<br />

13. samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis paqtis<br />

zogadi komentari #06: sicocxlis ufleba (muxli 6), 30/04/82....................12<br />

14. samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis paqtis zogadi komentari #14:<br />

atomuri iaraRi da sicocxlis ufleba (muxli 6); 09/11/84.............................14<br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

II – adamianis uflebaTa evropis sasamarTlos precedentuli<br />

samarTali da gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komitetis cnoba #.<br />

449/1991 Zalis gadametebuli gamoyenebis Sesaxeb:...............................16<br />

1. makqani gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, ganacxadi #18984/91...........16<br />

2. makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, ganacxadi #28883/95..........35<br />

3. makaraZisi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg, ganacxadi #50385/99..........................58<br />

4. naCova da sxvebi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

(ganacxadebi #43577/98 da 43579/98)......................................................................71<br />

5. guli TurqeTis winaaRmdeg (ganacxadi #22676/93).......................................89<br />

6. gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komitetis cnoba #449/1991; dominikis<br />

respublika, 10/08/94................................................................................................100<br />

III - adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos<br />

gadawyvetilebebi saxelmwifos pozitiur valdebulebasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, daicvas sicocxle, roca adamiani iRupeba<br />

oficialur dawesebulebaSi da gaeros adamianis uflebaTa<br />

komitetis cnoba #888/1999...............................................................................104<br />

1. salmani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg #21986/93.......................................................104<br />

2. angelova bulgareTis winaaRmdeg #38361/97..............................................114<br />

3. gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komitetis cnoba #888/1999; ruseTis<br />

federacia 29/04/2004...............................................................................................129<br />

IV - adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos<br />

gadawyvetileba piris gauCinarebis SemTxvevaSi<br />

sicocxlis uflebasTan dakavSirebiT:....................................................135<br />

timurTaSi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg #23531/94....................................................135<br />

V - sicocxlis ufleba da evTanazia...........................................................146<br />

friTi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg #2346/02....................................146<br />

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winasityvaoba<br />

TiTqmis samwliani pauzis Semdeg <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong>axalgazrda</strong> <strong>iuristTa</strong><br />

<strong>asociacia</strong> ganagrZobs saxelmZRvaneloebis gamocemas adamianis<br />

uflebaTa samarTalSi. amjerad warmodgenili saxelmZRvanelo<br />

gamoica evropis kavSiris finansuri mxardaWeriT mimdinare proeqtis _<br />

`samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos xelSewyoba saqarTveloSi~ _ farglebSi.<br />

winamdebare gamocema mieZRvna sicocxlis uflebas. ratom SevaCereT<br />

Cveni yuradReba am uflebaze da ratom dagvTanxmda donori, mxari<br />

daeWira aRniSnuli iniciativisTvis?<br />

2005 wlis bolodan 2006 wlis CaTvliT sicocxlis uflebis dacva erTerT<br />

mwvave problemad iqca saqarTveloSi. amaze metyvelebs, pirvel<br />

yovlisa, gaxmaurebuli, e.w. `adgilze likvidaciis~ faqtebi, romelTa<br />

Sedegadac aTeulobiT adamiani daiRupa (rogorc eWvmitanilebi,<br />

ise samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebi). am faqtebs<br />

mwvaved afasebdnen adamianis uflebaTa damcveli adgilobrivi Tu<br />

saerTaSoriso organizaciebi. rac Seexeba xelisuflebas, igi Seuvali<br />

iyo Tavis poziciaSi da aRmasrulebeli da marTlmsajulebis organoebis<br />

meSveobiT e.w. nulovani tolerantobis politikas `atarebda~.<br />

swored xsenebuli viTarebidan gamomdinare, gadavwyviteT, specialuri<br />

gamocema migveZRvna sicocxlis uflebisaTvis da kidev erTxel am<br />

saSualebiT gamovxmaurebodiT sicocxlis uflebis dacvis sakiTxs.<br />

warmodgenil publikaciaSi Tavi movuyareT sicocxlis uflebaze<br />

saerTaSoriso normatiul masalas _ saerTaSoriso aqtebidan<br />

amonaridebs da gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komitetis komentarebs,<br />

precedentul samarTals: (1) Zalis gadametebiT gamoyenebis Sesaxeb;<br />

(2) saxelmwifos pozitiur valdebulebasTan dakavSirebiT _ daicvas<br />

sicocxle, roca pirovneba iRupeba oficialur dawesebulebaSi; (3)<br />

piris gauCinarebasTan dakavSirebiT da (4) evTanaziis Sesaxeb.<br />

gvjera, rom saxelmZRvanelo sasargeblo da praqtikuli saSualeba<br />

iqneba rogorc sasamarTlo sistemis warmomadgenelTaTvis, ise<br />

sxva samarTaldamcavi organoebis muSakTaTvis; daexmareba maT,<br />

ixelmZRvanelon adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlis<br />

principebiTa da precedentebiT sicocxlis uflebasTan dakavSirebul<br />

saqmeebze muSaobisas. vimedovnebT, sicocxlis ufleba Cvens qveyanaSi<br />

yovelTvis iqneba waruvali Rirebuleba da gansakuTrebuli dacvis<br />

sagani.<br />

lali Cxetia<br />

samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos xelSewyoba saqarTveloSi<br />

proeqtis direqtori<br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

I<br />

amonaridebi adamianis uflebaTa<br />

dacvis saerTaSoriso aqtebidan<br />

da adamianis uflebaTa komitetis<br />

komentarebi sicocxlis uflebasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT:<br />

1. adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia<br />

1948 wlis 10 dekemberi<br />

muxli 3<br />

yovel adamians aqvs sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa da piradi xelSeuxeblobis<br />

ufleba.<br />

2. adamianis uflebebisa da fundamenturi Tavisuflebebis<br />

dacvis evropis konvencia<br />

muxli 2<br />

sicocxlis ufleba<br />

1.<br />

2.<br />

adamianis sicocxlis ufleba daculia kanoniT. aravis SeiZleba<br />

waerTvas sicocxle, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac sruldeba<br />

sasamarTlos ganaCeni pirovnebis damnaSaved aRiarebis Semdeg da roca<br />

aseT sasjels iTvaliswinebs kanoni.<br />

sicocxlis warTmeva ar CaiTvleba iZulebiTad am muxlis<br />

sawinaaRmdegod, rodesac igi warmoadgens Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegs,<br />

romelic ar unda iyos aucilebelze meti:<br />

• nebismieri pirovnebis ukanono xelyofisagan dasacavad;<br />

• raTa moxdes kanonieri dapatimreba an aRikveTos kanonierad<br />

dakavebuli piris gaqceva;<br />

• aqtis dros, romelic kanonierad ganxorcielda im mizniT, rom<br />

CaixSos amboxeba an janyi.<br />

muxli 15<br />

gadaxveva sagangebo situaciis dros<br />

1. omis an sxva sazogadoebrivi sagangebo situaciis dros, romelic emuqreba<br />

eris sicocxles, nebismier maRal xelSemkvrel mxares ufleba aqvs, miiRos<br />

zomebi, romlebic uxvevs am konvenciidan gamomdinare mis valdebulebebs,<br />

im donemde, rac ganpirobebulia situaciis aucileblobiT. amasTan,<br />

amgvari zomebi ar unda iyos Seusabamo saerTaSoriso samarTliT mis mier<br />

aRebul sxva valdebulebebTan.<br />

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amonaridebi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso aqtebidan...<br />

2. ar daiSveba gadaxveva meore muxlidan, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac<br />

gardacvaleba warmoadgens omis ukanono aqtebis Sedegs, agreTve, me-3,<br />

me-4 (pirveli paragrafi) da me-7 muxlebidan.<br />

3. nebismieri maRali xelSemkvreli mxare, romelic gamoiyenebs gadaxvevis<br />

am uflebas, evropis sabWos generalur mdivans awvdis srul informacias<br />

im zomebis Taobaze, romelic man ganaxorciela, aseve, maTi mizezebis<br />

Sesaxeb. garda amisa, igi atyobinebs evropis sabWos generalur mdivans im<br />

zomebis moqmedebis Sewyvetisa da konvenciis debulebaTa ZalaSi srulad<br />

Sesvlis Sesaxeb.<br />

3. adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropis konvenciis<br />

oqmi № 6<br />

muxli 1<br />

sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmeba<br />

sikvdiliT dasja uqmdeba. aravis SeiZleba Seefardos sikvdiliT dasja an<br />

daisajos sikvdiliT.<br />

muxli 2<br />

sikvdiliT dasja omis dros<br />

saxelmwifos SeuZlia, Tavis kanonmdeblobaSi gaiTvaliswinos sikvdiliT<br />

dasja im qmedebisaTvis, romelic Cadenilia omis an misi gardauvali<br />

safrTxis arsebobis dros.<br />

amgvari sasjeli gamoiyeneba mxolod kanoniT dadgenil SemTxvevaSi da misi<br />

debulebebis Sesabamisad. saxelmwifo acnobebs evropis sabWos generalur<br />

mdivans am kanonis Sesabamis debulebebs.<br />

4. adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli<br />

konvenciis me-13 oqmi<br />

muxli 1<br />

sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmeba<br />

sikvdiliT dasja gauqmdeba. aseTi sasjeli ar SeiZleba misjil an<br />

aRsrulebul iqnes vinmes mimarT.<br />

5. saerTaSoriso paqti samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb<br />

muxli 4<br />

1. saxelmwifoSi sagangebo wesebis SemoRebis dros, roca eris sicocxle<br />

safrTxeSia da es oficialurad gamocxaddeba, am paqtis monawile<br />

saxelmwifoebs SeuZliaT, gadauxvion paqtiT nakisr valdebulebebs<br />

imdenad, ramdenadac amas moiTxovs mdgomareobis simZafre da<br />

ganaxorcielon RonisZiebebi im pirobiT, rom isini SeuTavsebeli ar iqneba<br />

saerTaSoriso samarTliT dakisrebul sxva valdebulebebTan da maT ar<br />

mohyveba diskriminacia mxolod da mxolod rasis, kanis feris, sqesis, enis,<br />

religiisa Tu socialuri warmoSobis safuZvelze.<br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

2. es debuleba ar SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos raime gadaxvevas me-6, me-7,<br />

me-8 (1 da 2 punqtebi), me-11, me-15, me-16 da me-18 muxlebidan.<br />

3. am paqtis monawile yvela saxelmwifom, romelic iyenebs gadaxvevis<br />

uflebas, gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis generaluri mdivnis<br />

saSualebiT, dauyovnebliv unda Seatyobinos am paqtis monawile sxva<br />

saxelmwifoebs, Tu romel debulebebs gadauxvia da ra mizezebma miaRebina<br />

aseTi gadawyvetileba. amave Suamavlis meSveobiT, man unda Seatyobinos<br />

agreTve TariRi, roca Sewyvets gadaxvevis RonisZiebas.<br />

muxli 6<br />

1. sicocxlis ufleba TiToeuli adamianis ganuyofeli uflebaa. am<br />

uflebas icavs kanoni. aravis SeiZleba TviTneburad waarTvan sicocxle.<br />

2. qveynebSi, romlebsac ar gauuqmebiaT sikvdiliT dasja, sikvdilis<br />

ganaCeni SeiZleba gamoitanon mxolod yvelaze mZime danaSaulisaTvis im<br />

kanonis Sesabamisad, romelic moqmedebda danaSaulis Cadenis dros da<br />

ar ewinaaRmdegeba am paqtisa da genocidis danaSaulis Tavidan acilebisa<br />

da misTvis dasjis Sesaxeb konvenciis debulebebs. es dasja SeiZleba<br />

ganxorcieldes mxolod kompetenturi sasamarTlos mier gamotanili<br />

saboloo ganaCenis aRsasruleblad.<br />

3. roca sicocxlis warTmeva genocidis danaSauls Seadgens, mxedvelobaSi<br />

unda viqonioT, rom aRniSnul muxlSi am paqtis monawile saxelmwifoebs<br />

araferi aZlevs uflebas, rom raime saSualebiT gadauxvion romelime<br />

valdebulebas, romelic ikisres genocidis danaSaulis Tavidan acilebisa<br />

da dasjis Sesaxeb konvenciis debulebaTa Sesabamisad.<br />

4. TiToeuls, visac sikvdili miusajes, ufleba aqvs, iTxovos Sewyaleba<br />

an ganaCenis Serbileba, amnistia. Sewyaleba an sikvdilis ganaCenis Secvla<br />

SeiZleba naboZebi iyos yvela SemTxvevaSi.<br />

5. sikvdilis ganaCenis gamotana ar SeiZleba danaSaulisaTvis, romelic<br />

Caidines Tvramet wlamde asakis pirebma. aseve, misi aRsruleba ar SeiZleba<br />

fexmZime qalebis mimarT.<br />

6. am muxlSi araferi SeiZleba iyos imis safuZveli, rom am paqtis monawile<br />

romelime saxelmwifom gadados an ar dauSvas sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmeba.<br />

6. samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqtis<br />

sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebisadmi mimarTuli meore fakultaturi<br />

oqmi<br />

muxli 1<br />

1. mocemuli oqmis monawile saxelmwifos iurisdiqciis qveS myofi arc<br />

erTi piri sikvdiliT ar daisjeba.<br />

2. TiToeuli monawile saxelmwifo iRebs yvela aucilebel zomas Tavisi<br />

iurisdiqciis farglebSi sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis mizniT.<br />

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amonaridebi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso aqtebidan...<br />

7. marTlwesrigis damcvel Tanamdebobis pirTa qcevis kodeqsi<br />

(miRebulia gaeros generaluri asambleis 34/169 rezoluciiT,<br />

17.12.1979)<br />

muxli 3<br />

marTlwesrigis damcvel Tanamdebobis pirebs Zalis gamoyeneba SeuZliaT<br />

mxolod ukiduresi aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi da mxolod imdenad,<br />

ramdenadac amas moiTxovs maTi movaleobis Sesruleba.<br />

komentari<br />

a) am debulebaSi xazgasmulia, rom marTlwesrigis damcvel Tanamdebobis<br />

pirTa mier Zalis gamoyeneba mxolod gamonaklisi xasiaTis unda iyos; Tumca,<br />

igulisxmeba, rom maT SeiZleba hqondeT Zalis gamoyenebis uflebamosileba<br />

im zomiT, rac mizanSewonilia Sesabamis pirobebSi danaSaulis Tavidan<br />

acilebis an samarTaldamrRvevTa an samarTaldarRvevaSi eWvmitanilTa<br />

marTlzomieri dakavebisas an amgvari dakavebis dros daxmarebis<br />

aRmoCenisas, magram, aseT SemTxvevebSi, Zalis gamoyeneba ar unda gascdes<br />

aucileblobis farglebs.<br />

b) erovnuli kanonmdebloba, rogorc wesi, zRudavs marTlwesrigis<br />

damcvel Tanamdebobis pirTa mier Zalis gamoyenebas proporciulobis<br />

principis Sesabamisad. es imgvarad unda gavigoT, rom am debulebis<br />

ganmartebis dros pativi unda vceT proporciulobis erovnul principebs.<br />

es debuleba araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda iqnes ganmartebuli ise, TiTqos<br />

igi iZleodes iseTi Zalis gamoyenebis uflebamosilebas, romelic ar<br />

Seesabameba misaRwev kanonier mizans.<br />

g) cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba ukidures saSualebad miiCneva. yvela<br />

zoma unda gatardes cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis aRkveTisaTvis,<br />

gansakuTrebiT, bavSvebis winaaRmdeg. rogorc wesi, cecxlsasroli iaraRi<br />

ar unda gamoiyenebodes im SemTxvevebis garda, roca eWvmitanili piri gaswevs<br />

SeiaraRebul winaaRmdegobas an sxvagvarad safrTxeSi agdebs adamianebis<br />

sicocxles, agreTve, rodesac naklebad gansakuTrebuli xasiaTis sxva<br />

RonisZiebebi ar aris sakmarisi eWvmitanilis kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebis<br />

asalagmavad an mis dasakaveblad. cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis<br />

yoveli SemTxveva dauyovnebliv unda ecnobos kompetentur xelisufalT.<br />

8. samarTaldamcavi muSakebis mier Zalisa da iaraRis gamoyenebis<br />

ZiriTadi principebi<br />

miRebulia gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis merve kongresze,<br />

romelic danaSaulis prevenciisa da damnaSaveTa mimarT mopyrobis<br />

sakiTxebs mieZRvna<br />

(havana, kuba, 1990 wlis 27 agvisto – 7 seqtemberi )<br />

6. rodesac Zalis an iaraRis ukanono gamoyeneba gardauvalia,<br />

samarTaldamcavma muSakma:<br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

(a) Tavi unda Seikavos aseTi gamoyenebisagan da misi moqmedeba unda<br />

iyos samarTaldarRvevis seriozulobis da kanonieri miznis miRwevis<br />

proporciuli;<br />

(b) minimumamde unda daiyvanos dazianeba da dasaxiCreba, pativi sces<br />

da gaufrTxildes adamianis sicocxles;<br />

(g) unda uzrunvelyos, rom umokles droSi daxmareba da samedicino<br />

momsaxureba gaewios nebismier daWril an dazaralebul pirovnebas;<br />

(d) unda uzrunvelyos, rom daWrili an dazaralebuli piris naTesavebi<br />

da axlo megobrebi umokles droSi iqnen informirebulni.<br />

9. samarTaldamcavma muSakebma ar unda gamoiyenon iaraRi pirTa winaaRmdeg,<br />

garda: Tavdacvis an sxvaTa dacvis mizniT, rodesac maT sasikvdilo safrTxe<br />

an seriozuli ziani emuqrebaT; gansakuTrebiT seriozuli danaSaulis<br />

prevenciis mizniT, rodesac sicocxles mZime safrTxe emuqreba; piris<br />

dasakaveblad, romelic aseT safrTxes qmnis da winaaRmdegobas uwevs maT;<br />

an aseTi piris gaqcevis aRsakveTad da mxolod maSin, rodesac naklebad<br />

eqstremaluri saSualebebi araefeqturia am miznebis misaRwevad. nebismier<br />

SemTxvevaSi, cecxlsasroli iaraRi ganzrax sasikvdilo mizniT SeiZleba<br />

gamoyenebuli iqnes mxolod maSin, rodesac misi gamoyeneba gardauvalia<br />

sicocxlis dasacavad.<br />

10. me-9 principiT dadgenil garemoebebSi samarTaldamcavma muSakebma<br />

unda moaxdinon sakuTari Tavis identificireba da mkafio gafrTxileba<br />

miscen cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb,<br />

romlis drosac gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba gafrTxilebis gaazrebisaTvis<br />

saWiro dro, garda im SemTxvevisa, Tu aseTi qmedebiT gadaWarbebuli<br />

safrTxe SeeqmnebaT samarTaldamcav muSakebs an sasikvdilo safrTxis an<br />

seriozuli zianis riskis qveS dadgeba sxva pirTa sicocxle, anda aSkarad<br />

Seusabamo an aragonivruli iqneba incidentis garemoebebisaTvis.<br />

9. adamianis uflebaTa amerikuli konvencia<br />

miRebulia 1969 wlis 22 noembers, san xoseSi (kosta rika), amerikis<br />

qveynebis specialur konferenciaze, romelic adamianis uflebebs<br />

mieZRvna<br />

muxli 4<br />

sicocxlis ufleba<br />

1. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba, pativi scen mis sicocxles. es ufleba,<br />

zogadad, daculi unda iqnes misi Casaxvis momentidan. aravis SeiZleba<br />

TviTneburad waerTvas sicocxle.<br />

2. qveynebSi, sadac sikvdiliT dasja gauqmebuli ar aris, sikvdilis ganaCeni<br />

SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes gansakuTrebiT seriozuli danaSaulisaTvis,<br />

amasTan, kompetenturi sasamarTlos mier miRebuli saboloo ganaCenis<br />

Tanaxmad da aseTi sasjelis damdgeni kanonis Sesabamisad, romelic<br />

danaSaulis Cadenamde iqna miRebuli.<br />

3. sasjelis umaRlesi zoma kvlav ar unda iqnes SemoRebuli im<br />

saxelmwifoebSi, sadac igi ukve gauqmebulia.<br />

10

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amonaridebi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso aqtebidan...<br />

4. arc erT SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba sasjelis umaRlesi zoma gamoyenebul<br />

iqnes politikuri saxis samarTaldarRvevebze an masTan dakavSirebul<br />

Cveulebriv danaSaulebze.<br />

5. sikvdilis ganaCeni ar gamoitaneba piris mimarT, romelmac danaSauli<br />

Caidina 18 wlis asakamde an 70 wlis asakis zemoT. ar SeiZleba misi aRsruleba<br />

orsuli qalebis mimarT.<br />

6. yovel sikvdilmisjil adamians aqvs amnistiis, Sewyalebis an sasjelis<br />

Semsubuqebis ufleba. sikvdilis ganaCeni sisruleSi ar unda iqnes moyvanili<br />

manam, sanam aseT peticias kompetenturi organoebi ganixilaven.<br />

muxli 27<br />

garantiebis SeCereba<br />

1. omis, sazogadoebrivi safrTxis an sxva sagangebo mdgomareobis dros,<br />

romelic safrTxes uqmnis monawile saxelmwifos damoukideblobas an<br />

usafrTxoebas, SeZleba miRebul iqnes zomebi, romlebic winamdebare<br />

konvenciiT aRebuli valdebulebebidan gadaxvevas iwveven. aseTi zomebi<br />

SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes mxolod maSin, rodesac es mkacrad moiTxoveba<br />

situaciis simwvavidan gamomdinare, im pirobiT, rom aRniSnuli RonisZiebebi<br />

ar ewinaaRmdegeba saerTaSoriso samarTlis safuZvelze aRebul sxva<br />

valdebulebebs da ar iwvevs diskriminacias rasis, kanis feris, sqesis, enis<br />

an socialuri warmoSobis niSniT.<br />

2. zemoaRniSnuli debuleba ar iZleva Semdegi muxlebis moqmedebis<br />

SeCerebis uflebas: muxli 3 (samarTal-subieqtobis ufleba), muxli 4<br />

(sicocxlis ufleba), muxli 5 (adamianuri mopyrobis ufleba), muxli 6<br />

(monobisagan Tavisuflebis ufleba), muxli 9 (Ex Post Facto kanonebisgan<br />

Tavisufleba), muxli 12 (sindisisa da religiis Tavisufleba), muxli 17<br />

(saojaxo uflebebi), muxli 18 (saxelisa da gvaris qonis ufleba), muxli<br />

19 (bavSvis uflebebi), muxli 20 (moqalaqeobis ufleba) da muxli 23<br />

(mmarTvelobaSi monawileobis ufleba), aseve, sxva garantiebis SeCerebas,<br />

romlebic mniSvnelovania aseTi uflebebis dasacavad.<br />

3. nebismieri saxelmwifo, romelic SeCerebis uflebas axorcielebs,<br />

valdebulia, sxva monawile saxelmwifoebs generaluri mdivnis meSveobiT<br />

dauyovnebliv acnobos im debulebebis Sesaxeb, romelTa gamoyenebac man<br />

SeaCera, aseve, SeCerebis warmomSobi mizezebis da misi Sewyvetis TariRis<br />

Taobaze.<br />

10. adamianis da xalxTa uflebebis afrikuli qartia<br />

muxli 4<br />

adamiani aris xelSeuxebeli. yovel adamians ufleba aqvs, pativi scen mis<br />

sicocxles da mis pirovnul xelSeuxeblobas. aravis SeiZleba TviTneburad<br />

waerTvas es ufleba.<br />

11

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

11. evropis konstituciis damfuZnebeli xelSekruleba<br />

muxli I-9<br />

ZiriTadi uflebebi<br />

1. kavSiri aRiarebs ZiriTad uflebaTa qartiiT dafuZnebul uflebebs,<br />

Tavisuflebebsa da principebs, romelic I I nawils warmoadgens.<br />

2. kavSiri uerTdeba adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa<br />

dacvis evropul konvencias. aseTi mierTebiT ziani ar adgeba kavSiris<br />

kompetencias, rogorc es konstituciaSia gansazRvruli.<br />

3. ZiriTadi uflebebi _ rogorc es adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad<br />

TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciiTaa garantirebuli da rogorc<br />

wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis saerTo konstituciuri tradiciebidan<br />

gamomdinareobs _ kavSiris samarTlis zogad principebs warmoadgens.<br />

12. evropis kavSiris ZiriTad uflebaTa qartia<br />

(2000/C 364/01)<br />

muxli 2<br />

sicocxlis ufleba<br />

1. yovel adamians aqvs sicocxlis ufleba;<br />

2. aravis SeiZleba miesajos sikvdiliT dasja, an sikvdiliT<br />

daisajos.<br />

13. samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis paqtis zogadi komentari<br />

#6 (meTeqvsmete sesia, 1982 weli) sicocxlis ufleba (muxli 6); 30/04/82.<br />

1. paqtis me-6 muxlSi gacxadebuli sicocxlis ufleba ganxilulia yvela<br />

saxelmwifos moxsenebebSi. es aris uzenaesi ufleba, romlisgan gadaxvevac<br />

dauSvebelia iseTi sagangebo mdgomareobis drosac ki, romelic safrTxes<br />

uqmnis eris arsebobas (muxli 4). Tumca, komiteti aRniSnavs, rom me-6<br />

muxlTan dakavSirebiT warmodgenili informacia xSirad Semoifargleba<br />

am uflebis mxolod ama Tu im aspeqtiT. sicocxlis ufleba aris is ufleba,<br />

romelic viwrod ar unda iqnes ganmartebuli.<br />

2. komiteti miuTiTebs, rom omi da masobrivi Zaladobis sxva qmedebebi<br />

kvlav rCeba kacobriobis ubedurebad da yovelwliurad aTasobiT<br />

udanaSaulo adamianis sicocxle ewireba. gaerTianebuli erebis<br />

organizaciis wesdebis safuZvelze, romelime saxelmwifos mier sxva<br />

saxelmwifos ZaliT daSineba an mis mimarT Zalis gamoyeneba, Tavdacvis<br />

ganuyofeli uflebis ganxorcielebis garda, ukve akrZalulia. komitets<br />

miaCnia, rom saxelmwifoTa uzenaesi valia omebis, genocidis da masobrivi<br />

Zaladobis sxva qmedebebis prevencia, romlebic adamianis sicocxlis<br />

TviTnebur mospobas iwvevs. nebismieri Zalisxmeva, romelsac isini omebis<br />

(gansakuTrebiT, TermobirTvuli) saSiSroebis Tavidan asacileblad<br />

mimarTaven saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebisaTvis, yvelaze<br />

mniSvnelovani piroba da garantia iqneba sicocxlis uflebis dasacavad.<br />

12

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amonaridebi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso aqtebidan...<br />

am mimarTebiT, komiteti miuTiTebs me-6 da me-20 muxlebs Soris kavSirze,<br />

sadac aRniSnulia, rom omis nebismieri propaganda (punqti 1) an Zaladobis<br />

waqezeba (punqti 2) unda aikrZalos kanoniT.<br />

3. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba me-6 muxlis 1-li punqtis<br />

mesame winadadebas, romelic calsaxad adgens sicocxlis TviTneburi<br />

warTmevisagan dacvis uflebas. komitets miaCnia, rom monawile<br />

saxelmwifoebma zomebi unda miiRon ara mxolod kriminaluri qmedebiT<br />

gamowveuli sicocxlis xelyofis prevenciisa da dasjisaTvis, aramed<br />

sakuTari uSiSroebis Zalebis mier ganxorcielebuli TviTneburi<br />

mkvlelobebis prevenciisaTvis. saxelmwifo organoebis mier sicocxlis<br />

xelyofa gansakuTrebiT mZime sakiTxs warmoadgens. amitom kanoni mkacrad<br />

unda aregulirebdes da zRudavdes im garemoebebs, romlebSic adamians<br />

SeiZleba waerTvas sicocxle.<br />

4. monawile saxelmwifoebma agreTve konkretuli da efeqturi zomebi unda<br />

ganaxorcielon individualur pirTa gauCinarebis prevenciis mizniT,<br />

rac, samwuxarod, Zalian gaxSirda da, umravles SemTxvevaSi, sicocxlis<br />

TviTnebur warTmevas iwvevs. garda amisa, saxelmwifoebma unda Seqmnan<br />

efeqturi saSualebebi da procedurebi iseT viTarebaSi dakarguli da<br />

gauCinarebuli pirebis saqmeTa safuZvliani gamoZiebisaTvis, romelic<br />

SesaZloa dakavSirebuli iyos sicocxlis uflebis darRvevasTan.<br />

5. garda amisa, komiteti aRniSnavs, rom sicocxlis uflebas xSirad viwro<br />

ganmarteba eZleva. „sicocxlis ganuyofeli ufleba“ – ver iqneba sworad<br />

gagebuli, Tu mas mxolod SezRuduli ganmarteba miecema; am uflebis<br />

dacva saxelmwifosagan konstruqciuli RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas<br />

moiTxovs. amasTan dakavSirebiT, komitets miaCnia, rom sasurveli<br />

iqneboda, monawile saxelmwifoebs yvela SesaZlo zoma gaetarebinaT<br />

bavSvTa sikvdilianobis Sesamcireblad da sicocxlis xangrZlivobis<br />

asamaRleblad, gansakuTrebiT SimSilsa da epidemiebTan brZolis<br />

RonisZiebebis SemuSavebis gziT.<br />

6. miuxedavad imisa, rom me-6 muxlis 2-6 punqtebidan gamomdinare, monawile<br />

saxelmwifoebi valdebulni ar arian, mTlianad gaauqmon sikvdiliT dasja,<br />

maT aucileblad unda SezRudon sasjelis am zomis gamoyeneba, kerZod,<br />

unda gaauqmon igi yvela SemTxvevaSi, garda „yvelaze mZime danaSaulebisa“.<br />

aqedan gamomdinare, isini valdebulni arian, ganixilon sakuTari<br />

sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis gadasinjvis sakiTxi da, nebismier<br />

SemTxvevaSi, SezRudon sikvdiliT dasjis ganaCenis gamoyeneba „yvelaze<br />

seriozuli danaSaulebiT“. aRniSnul muxlSi agreTve zogadad saubaria<br />

gauqmebaze iseTi formulirebiT, romelic mkafiod gulisxmobs (punqti<br />

2(2) da (6)), rom gauqmeba sasurvelia. komiteti askvnis, rom gauqmebisaken<br />

mimarTuli yvela RonisZieba ganxiluli unda iqnes, rogorc progresi<br />

(me-40 muxlSi gaTvaliswinebuli mniSvnelobiT) sicocxlis uflebis<br />

realizebis TvalsazrisiT da mis Sesaxeb moxsenebebi unda warudginon<br />

komitets. komiteti aRniSnavs, rom mTel rig saxelmwifoebSi sikvdiliT<br />

dasja ukve gauqmebulia an SeCerebulia sikvdiliT dasjis ganaCenis<br />

gamotana. miuxedavad amisa, saxelmwifoTa mier warmodgenili moxsenebebi<br />

adasturebs, rom sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis an sikvdiliT dasjis<br />

ganaCenis gamotanis SezRudvis gzaze progresi sakmaod umniSvneloa.<br />

7. komitets miaCnia, rom gamoTqma – „yvelaze seriozuli danaSaulebi“<br />

– gagebuli unda iqnes viwro mniSvnelobiT, rogorc aRmniSvneli imisa,<br />

13

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

rom sikvdiliT dasjis ganaCeni gamonaklis zomas warmoadgens. me-6<br />

muxlis zusti formulirebidan agreTve gamomdinareobs, rom sikvdiliT<br />

dasjis ganaCeni SeiZleba gamotanil iqnes mxolod mocemuli danaSaulis<br />

dros ZalaSi myofi kanonis Tanaxmad, romelic paqtis debulebebs<br />

ar ewinaaRmdegeba. daculi unda iqnes masSi gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

proceduruli garantiebi _ samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebis,<br />

udanaSaulobis prezumfciis, dacvis minimaluri garantiebisa da zeda<br />

instanciis sasamarTloSi saqmis gadasinjvis CaTvliT. es uflebebi<br />

unda ganxorcieldes Sewyalebis da sasjelis Semsubuqebis konkretul<br />

uflebasTan erTad.<br />

14. samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis paqtis zogadi komentari<br />

#14 (ocdamecamete sesia, 1984 weli), birTvuli iaraRi da sicocxlis<br />

ufleba (muxli 6); 09/11/84.<br />

1. 1982 wlis 27 ivliss, 378-e sesiaze miRebul zogad komentarSi adamianis<br />

uflebaTa komitetma miuTiTa, rom samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis<br />

paqtis me-6 muxlis pirvel punqtSi aRiarebuli sicocxlis ufleba aris<br />

uzenaesi ufleba, romlisgan gadaxveva TviT sagangebo mdgomareobis<br />

drosac dauSvebelia. sicocxlis ufleba gacxadebulia adamianis<br />

uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis me-3 muxlSi, romelic gaerTianebuli<br />

erebis organizaciis generalurma asambleam 1948 wlis 10 dekembers miiRo.<br />

es ufleba adamianis yvela uflebis safuZvels warmoadgens.<br />

2. Tavis wina, zogad komentarSi komitetma agreTve miuTiTa, rom<br />

saxelmwifos uzenaesi valia omebis prevencia. omi da masobrivi Zaladobis<br />

sxva qmedebebi kvlav rCeba kacobriobis ubedurebad da yovelwliurad<br />

aTasobiT udanaSaulo adamianis sicocxle ewireba.<br />

3. komiteti, aris ra kvlav SeSfoTebuli SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi<br />

adamianTa didi msxverplis gamo, rac Tan sdevs Cveulebrivi iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebas, aRniSnavs, rom generaluri asambleis mTel rig sesiebze yvela<br />

geografiuli regionis warmomadgeneli gamoTqvamda did SeSfoTebas<br />

masobrivi ganadgurebis kidev ufro sastiki iaraRis ganviTarebasa da<br />

gavrcelebasTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli iaraRi safrTxes uqmnis ara<br />

mxolod adamianis sicocxles, aramed STanTqavs resurss, romelic<br />

SeiZleboda gamoyenebuliyo sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri da<br />

socialuri miznebisaTvis, kerZod, ganviTarebad qveynebSi, an, zogadad,<br />

adamianis uflebebis wasaxaliseblad da uzrunvelsayofad.<br />

4. komiteti iziarebs am SeSfoTebas. aSkaraa, rom birTvuli iaraRis<br />

Seqmna, gamocda, warmoeba da ganlageba dRes kacobriobis winaSe<br />

mdgari safrTxeebidan yvelaze did safrTxes warmoadgens sicocxlis<br />

uflebisTvis. am safrTxes kidev ufro aZlierebs is saSiSroeba, rom aseTi<br />

iaraRi, faqtobrivad, SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes ara mxolod omis dros,<br />

aramed adamianis Secdomis an meqanikuri gaumarTaobis Sedegadac.<br />

5. garda amisa, am safrTxis arseboba da simZime saxelmwifoebs Soris<br />

undoblobisa da SiSis atmosferos qmnis, rac, Tavis mxriv, ewinaaRmdegeba<br />

gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis wesdebisa da adamianis uflebaTa<br />

saerTaSoriso paqtebis Sesabamisad adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad<br />

TavisuflebaTa sayovelTao pativiscemisa da dacvis xelSewyobis<br />

amocanas.<br />

14

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amonaridebi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso aqtebidan...<br />

6. birTvuli iaraRis warmoeba, gamocda, floba, ganlageba da gamoyeneba<br />

unda aikrZalos da kacobriobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulad iqnes<br />

aRiarebuli.<br />

7. Sesabamisad, komiteti, mTeli kacobriobis interesebidan gamomdinare,<br />

mouwodebs yvela saxelmwifos _ paqtis monawiles Tu aramonawiles _<br />

calmxrivad da xelSekrulebis safuZvelze, saswrafo zomebi miiRon<br />

msoflios am safrTxisagan gasaTavisufleblad.<br />

15

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

II<br />

adamianis uflebaTa evropis<br />

sasamarTlos precedentuli<br />

samarTali da gaeros adamianis<br />

uflebaTa komitetis cnoba #. 449/1991<br />

Zalis gadametebuli gamoyenebis<br />

Sesaxeb:<br />

1. saqme makqani da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos<br />

winaaRmdeg (1)<br />

saqmis faqtobrivi mxare (araoficialuri versia)<br />

ganmcxadeblebi, irlandiis moqalaqeebi da gaerTianebuli samefos<br />

qveSevrdomebi, margaret makqani, daniel fareli da jon seviji arian,<br />

Sesabamisad, daniel makqanis, meired farelis da Son sevijis mSoblebi,<br />

romlebic 1988 wlis 6 marts iqnen dacxrilulni gibraltarSi, im<br />

specialuri sahaero-medesanteTa samsaxuris mosamsaxureTa mier, romelic<br />

Sedis britaneTis armiaSi.<br />

gaerTianebuli samefos, espaneTisa da gibraltaris xelisuflebas jer<br />

kidev 1988 wlis 4 martamde hqonda informacia, rom irlandiis respublikuri<br />

armia (IRA) gegmavda teroristul aqts gibraltarSi. mopovebuli<br />

monacemebis safuZvelze, britaneTis da gibraltaris xelisufleba<br />

mivida daskvnamde, rom IRA-s wevrebi, romelTa vinaobac dadgenili iyo,<br />

5 marts ganaxorcielebdnen teroristul aqts msubuq avtomanqanaSi<br />

distanciurad marTvadi bombis afeTqebis gziT. gadawyda, rom jgufis<br />

wevrebi daepatimrebinaT mas Semdeg, rac isini Caiyvandnen manqanas<br />

gibraltarSi, raTa Semdgomi sasamarTlo ganxilvisTvis mtkicebulebebi<br />

moepovebinaT. xelisufleba miiCnevda, rom jgufis wevrebi iyvnen saSiSi<br />

teroristebi, romlebic albaTobis Zalian maRali maCvenebliT iqnebodnen<br />

SeiaraRebulni da, usafrTxoebis samsaxurTan dapirispirebis SemTxvevaSi,<br />

gamoiyenebdnen iaraRs da aafeTqebdnen bombs.<br />

1988 wlis 6 marts, naSuadRevs, Son sevijma daayena avtomobili da Semdeg<br />

daniel makqanTan da meired farelTan erTad daaTvaliera is adgili,<br />

sadac avtomobili gaaCera. mas Semdeg, rac isini moscildnen avtomanqanas,<br />

bombis gauvnebelyofis eqspertma daaTvaliera manqana da gadasca,<br />

rom swrafi vizualuri daTvalierebis monacemebiT, manqana saeWvo iyo<br />

da SeiZleboda masSi bombi yofiliyo damontaJebuli. miRebul iqna<br />

gadawyvetileba zemoT xsenebuli samive piris dakavebis Sesaxeb. operaciis<br />

xelmZRvaneloba daevala sahaero medesanteTa specialur samsaxurs. ori<br />

samxedro mosamsaxure daedevna makqansa da farels. roca makqanma moixeda,<br />

erTma maTganma pistoleti moimarjva da ubrZana, gaCerebuliyvnen. makqanma<br />

xeli gaacura jibisken, farelma ki CanTisken. CaTvales ra, rom orives<br />

distanciuri marTvis meqanizmis amoqmedeba surda bombis asafeTqeblad,<br />

medesanteTa jgufis wevrebma orives gauxsnes cecxli mcire manZilidan,<br />

ris Sedegadac orive daiRupa.<br />

16

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makqani gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

sevijs ori sxva samxedro mosamsaxure misdevda. srolis xmis gagonebisas<br />

is mkveTrad Semobrunda da medesanteebs Seejaxa. erTma maTganma xmamaRla<br />

ubrZana mas gaCerebuliyo da iaraRi amoiRo. sevijma marjvena xeli<br />

gverdisken waiRo. CaTvales, rom mas distanciuri marTvis meqanizmis<br />

amoqmedeba undoda, medesanteTa jgufis wevrebma axlo manZilidan gaxsnes<br />

cecxli, ris Sedegadac seviji daiRupa.<br />

paTologanatomis daskvnis Tanaxmad, farels moxvda 8 tyvia, makqans - 5 da<br />

sevijs - 16.<br />

aRmoCnda, rom daRupulTagan arc erTs ar gaaCnda arc iaraRi da arc<br />

distanciuri marTvis mowyobiloba. arc sevijis mier sanapiroze gaCerebul<br />

manqanaSi aRmoCnda bombi. Tumca, mogvianebiT, espaneTis policiam marbelSi<br />

(espaneTi) aRmoaCina farelis mier sxvisi saxeliT daqiravebuli manqana,<br />

romelSic aRmoCnda asafeTqebeli mowyobiloba 6 kilogrami feTqebadi<br />

nivTierebiT “semteqsi”.<br />

1988 wlis 6 seqtembers daiwyo aRniSnul pirTa daRupvis saqmis ganxilva<br />

gibraltaris koroneris mier. koroneri Tavmjdomareobda agreTve<br />

adgilobriv mcxovrebTagan arCeul nafic msajulTa sxdomas. moismines 79<br />

mowmis Cveneba, maT Soris, samxedro mosamsaxureebis, policiis oficrebis,<br />

dazvervis samsaxuris im TanamSromlebis, romlebic operaciaSi<br />

monawileobdnen, agreTve, paTologoanatomis, sasamarTlos eqspertebis<br />

da asafeTqebel mowyobilobaTa specialistebis. 1988 wlis 13 seqtembers<br />

naficma msajulebma gamoitanes verdiqti, rom, rac moxda, marTlzomieri<br />

iyo.<br />

ar daeTanxmnen ra miRebul verdiqts, ganmcxadeblebma 1990 wlis 1 marts<br />

waradgines sarCeli CrdiloeT irlandiis zeda sasamarTloSi Tavdacvis<br />

saministros winaaRmdeg. magram sasamarTlom uari Tqva samefo taxtis<br />

xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg ewarmoebina saqme. 1991 wlis 4 oqtombers<br />

sabolood eTqvaT ganmcxadeblebs uari saqmiswarmoebis dawyebaze.<br />

samarTalwarmoeba komisiaSi<br />

141. ganmcxadeblebma TavianTi gancxadeba (no. 18984/91) komisiaSi 1991<br />

wlis 14 agvistos Semoitanes. isini Ciodnen, rom daniel makkanis, meired<br />

farelisa da Son sevijis specialuri sahaero Zalebis wevrebis mier<br />

mokvlis faqti konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRvevas warmoadgenda.<br />

sasamarTlosTvis warmodgenili argumentacia<br />

143. mTavrobam warmoadgina argumenti, rom gancxadebasTan dakavSirebuli<br />

sicocxlis xelyofa gamarTlebulia me-2 muxlis me-2(a) punqtiT, rogorc<br />

gibraltaris mosaxleobis aramarTlzomieri Zaladobisagan dasacavad<br />

absoluturi aucileblobiT gamoyenebuli Zalis Sedegi da sasamarTlos<br />

sTxova, daedgina, rom faqtebi ar avlendnen konvenciis me-2 muxlis<br />

darRvevas samidan romelime daRupul adamianTan mimarTebiT.<br />

144. ganmcxadeblebi amtkicebdnen, rom mTavrobam gonivruli eWvis miRma<br />

standartis dacviT ver uCvena, rom operaciis dagegmva da ganxorcieleba<br />

moxda konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />

sicocxlis xelyofa ar warmoadgenda absolutur aucileblobas am<br />

debulebis mniSvnelobiT (muxli 2-2).<br />

17

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

samarTali<br />

I. konvenciis me-2 muxlis savaraudo darRveva<br />

145. ganmcxadeblebi amtkicebdnen, rom uSiSroebis Zalebis wevrebis mier<br />

baton makkanis, qalbaton farelisa da baton savajis mokvla konvenciis<br />

me-2 muxlis darRvevas warmoadgenda.<br />

A. me-2 muxlis ganmarteba<br />

1. zogadi midgoma<br />

146. me-2 muxlis ganmartebisas, sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos im<br />

faqtiT, rom konvenciis _ rogorc individualur pirTa uflebebis dacvis<br />

meqanizmis _ obieqti da mizania, moiTxovos misi debulebebis ganmarteba<br />

da gamoyeneba imgvarad, rom uzrunvelyos misi garantiebis praqtikuli<br />

da efeqtiani moqmedeba (ix. soeringi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg,<br />

1989 wlis 7 ivlisis gadawyvetileba, Series A no. 161, gv. 34, punqti 87 da<br />

loizidu TurqeTis winaaRmdeg (winaswari protesti), 1995 wlis 23 martis<br />

gadawyvetileba, Series A no. 310, gv. 27, punqti 72).<br />

147. agreTve, unda gvaxsovdes, rom me-2 muxli, rogorc debuleba,<br />

romelic ara mxolod sicocxlis uflebas icavs, aramed ayalibebs<br />

garemoebebs, Tu rodis SeiZleba gamarTlebul iqnes sicocxlis xelyofa,<br />

konvenciis yvelaze ZiriTad debulebad iTvleba, romlidanac, me-15<br />

muxlis safuZvelze, mSvidobian dros gadaxveva dauSvebelia. konvenciis<br />

me-3 muxlTan erTad (mux. 15-3) igi agreTve icavs evropis sabWoSi Semavali<br />

demokratiuli sazogadoebebis erT-erT ZiriTad Rirebulebas (ix.<br />

zemoxsenebuli soeringis saqme, gv. 34, punqti 88). amgvarad, es debulebebi<br />

zustad unda iqnes ganmartebuli.<br />

148. sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtSi gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

gamonaklisebi uCveneben, rom es debuleba (mux. 2-2) vrceldeba sicocxlis<br />

ganzrax xelyofaze, Tumca, misi Sinaarsi amiT ar amoiwureba. rogorc<br />

komisiam miuTiTa, mTlianobaSi wakiTxviT me-2 muxlis teqsti uCvenebs, rom<br />

me-2 punqti, upirveles yovlisa, adgens ara im SemTxvevebs, rodesac piris<br />

sicocxlis ganzrax xelyofaa dasaSvebi, aramed aRwers situaciebs, sadac<br />

dasaSvebia `Zalis gamoyeneba~, romelsac SesaZloa gauTvaliswinebeli<br />

Sedegis saxiT adamianis sicocxlis xelyofa mohyves. Tumca, Zalis<br />

gamoyeneba gamowveuli unda iyos `absoluturi aucileblobiT~, raTa<br />

miRweuli iqnes `a~, `b~ an `g~ qvepunqtebSi gansazRvruli romelime mizani<br />

(ix. gancxadeba no. 10044/82, stiuarti gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg,<br />

1984 wlis 10 ivlisi, gadawyvetilebebi da moxsenebebi 39, gv. 169-71).<br />

149. am TvalsazrisiT, me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtSi terminis _ `absoluturi<br />

aucilebloba~ _ gamoyeneba miuTiTebs, rom `aucileblobis~ Sefasebisas<br />

gamoyenebuli unda iqnes ufro mkacri da ufro momTxovni testi, vidre<br />

`demokratiuli sazogadoebisaTvis aucilebeli~ saxelmwifos qmedebis<br />

gansazRvrisas gamoiyeneba konvenciis me-8 muxlis me-2 punqtis safuZvelze<br />

(muxli 8-2, muxli 9-2, muxli 10-2, muxli 11-2). kerZod, gamoyenebuli Zala<br />

me-2 punqtis a, b, da g qvepunqtebiT gansazRvruli misaRwevi miznebis<br />

mkacrad proporciuli unda iyos.<br />

18

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makqani gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

150. demokratiuli sazogadoebisaTvis am debulebis (mux. 2) mniSvnelobidan<br />

gamomdinare, sasamarTlom, Sefasebis gakeTebisas, sicocxlis xelyofis<br />

SemTxvevebi ufro meti gulmodginebiT unda gamoikvlios, gansakuTrebiT<br />

iq, sadac adgili aqvs sasikvdilo Zalis ganzrax gamoyenebas da unda<br />

gaiTvaliswinos ara mxolod Zalis ganmaxorcielebel saxelmwifo muSakTa<br />

qmedebebi, aramed agreTve Tanmdevi garemoebebi, maT Soris, gamosakvlevi<br />

qmedebebis dagegmvisa da kontrolis sakiTxebi.<br />

2. sicocxlis dacvis valdebuleba me-2 muxlis 1-li punqtis<br />

safuZvelze<br />

(a) erovnuli kanonmdeblobis da praqtikis Sesabamisoba me-2 muxlis<br />

normebTan<br />

151. ganmcxadeblebma am dasaTaurebiT warmoadgines, rom konvenciis<br />

me-2 muxlis 1-li punqti saxelmwifoebs sicocxlis `dacvis~ pozitiur<br />

valdebulebas akisrebs. kerZod, erovnuli kanonmdebloba mkacrad<br />

unda akontrolebdes da zRudavdes garemoebebs, rodesac SeiZleba<br />

adgili hqondes pirovnebis sicocxlis xelyofas saxelmwifo muSakis<br />

mier. saxelmwifom agreTve saTanado swavlebiT, instruqciebiTa da<br />

konsultaciebiT unda uzrunvelyos jariskacebi da sxva samarTaldamcavi<br />

muSakebi, romlebmac SesaZloa Zala gamoiyenon da unda ganaxorcielos<br />

mkacri kontroli nebismier operaciaze, sadac SesaZloa sasikvdilo Zala<br />

iqnes gamoyenebuli.<br />

maTi azriT, Sidasaxelmwifo kanonmdebloba iyo bundovani da zogadi da ar<br />

moicavda me-2 muxlis absoluturi aucileblobis normas. es TavisTavad<br />

iyo aRniSnuli debulebis darRveva. am debulebis darRvevas warmoadgenda<br />

isic, rom kanoni ar moiTxovda saxelmwifo muSakebis gawvrTnas me-2 muxlis<br />

1-li punqtis mkacri normebis Sesabamisad.<br />

152. komisiis azriT, rasac mTavroba daeTanxma, me-2 muxli ar unda<br />

iqnes imgvarad ganmartebuli, TiTqos es muxli moiTxovs identuri<br />

formulirebis arsebobas Sidasaxelmwifo samarTalSi. misi moTxovnebi<br />

dakmayofilebulad iTvleba, Tu konvenciiT dafuZnebuli uflebis arsi<br />

daculi iqna Sidasaxelmwifo samarTalSi.<br />

153. sasamarTlo miuTiTebs, rom konvencia xelSemkvrel mxareebs ar<br />

avaldebulebs, erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi CarTos misi debulebebi<br />

(ix. jeimsi da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, 1986 wlis 21<br />

Tebervali, Series A no. 98, gv. 47, punqti 84, da wminda monastrebi saberZneTis<br />

winaaRmdeg, 1994 wlis 9 dekemberi, Series A no. 301-A, gv. 39, punqti 90). garda<br />

amisa, erovnuli sakanonmdeblo an konstituciuri debulebebis in abstracto<br />

konvenciis moTxovnebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmeba konvenciis institutebis<br />

rols ar warmoadgens (ix. mag. klasi da sxvebi germaniis winaaRmdeg, 1978<br />

wlis 6 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, Series A no. 28, gv. 18, punqti 33).<br />

154. zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, aRsaniSnavia, rom gibraltaris<br />

konstituciis (ix. zemoT punqti 133) me-2 muxli konvenciis me-2 muxlis<br />

msgavsia im gansxvavebiT, rom aq sicocxlis xelyofis gamomwvevi Zalis<br />

gamoyenebis gamamarTlebeli argumentaciis standarti aris `gonivrulad<br />

gamarTlebuli~ da ara `absoluturad aucilebeli~, rogorc es konvenciis<br />

me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtSia dadgenili. miuxedavad imisa, rom konvenciis<br />

19

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

norma erovnul normaze ufro mkacria, mTavrobam ganacxada, rom erovnuli<br />

sasamarTloebis mier am normis ganmarteba da misi gamoyenebis manera am or<br />

koncefcias Soris mniSvnelovan gansxvavebas ar iwvevs.<br />

155. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom ramdenad argumentirebulic ar unda iyos es<br />

mtkiceba, or normas Soris gansxvaveba imdenad mniSvnelovani ar aris, rom<br />

me-2 muxlis 1-li punqtis darRveva mxolod am safuZvelze dadgindes.<br />

156. saxelmwifo muSakTa treningisa da instruqtirebis da operatiuli<br />

kontrolis kuTxiT ganmcxadebelTa argumentebTan mimarTebiT<br />

sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom es aris sfero, romelic winamdebare saqmis<br />

konteqstSi warmoSobs sakiTxebs me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtis safuZvelze,<br />

romelic teroristuli Tavdasxmis saSiSroebaze saxelmwifos reagirebis<br />

proporciulobas exeba. […]<br />

(b) mokvlevis procesis, rogorc sagamoZiebo meqanizmis adekvaturoba<br />

157. amave dasaTaurebiT, gaeros Zalisa da cecxlsasroli iaraRis<br />

principebis normebze miTiTebiT (ix. zemoT punqti 138-139), ganmcxadeblebma<br />

agreTve warmoadgines, rom saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos efeqtiani<br />

ex post facto procedura, romelmac damoukidebeli sasamarTlo procesis<br />

meSveobiT unda daadginos saxelmwifo muSakis mier ganxorcielebuli<br />

mkvlelobis garemoebebi, razedac srulad unda miuwvdebodeT xeli<br />

naTesavebs.<br />

emnesti interneiSenelTan da britiS-airiS voCTan erTad isini amtkicebdnen,<br />

rom es proceduruli moTxovna mokvlevas ar daukmayofilebia mTeli<br />

rigi xarvezebis gamo. kerZod, isini Ciodnen, rom ar uwarmoebiaT<br />

srolis gamomwvevi operaciis aspeqtebis damoukidebeli gamoZieba; ar<br />

ganxorcielebula danaSaulis adgilis gamokvlevasTan dakavSirebuli<br />

Cveulebrivi procedurebi; policias ar mouZiebia da ar gamoukiTxavs<br />

yvela TviTmxilveli; koroneri ijda msajulebTan erTad, romlebic<br />

`garnizonis~ dabidan iyvnen da axlo kavSiri hqondaT samxedroebTan;<br />

koronerma uari Tqva, SeemowmebinaT msajulebi, raTa gamoericxaT samefo<br />

samsaxuris wevrebi; Sesabamisi samTavrobo organos mier gamocemuli<br />

sazogadoebrivi interesis sertifikati efeqtianad amcirebda mTeli<br />

operaciis Semowmebas.<br />

garda amisa, isini gamoTqvamdnen pretenzias, rom mokvlevis procesze samefo<br />

Zalebi Tanabar mdgomareobaSi ar imyofebodnen da amitom WeSmaritebis<br />

dadgenaSi SezRudulebi iyvnen, rameTu, inter alia, maT ar hyavdaT<br />

iuridiuli mrCeveli da mxolod ori advokatiT iyvnen warmodgenili;<br />

mowmeTa Cvenebebi winaswar gaacnes samefo Zalebis warmomadgenlebs da<br />

policiisa da jariskacebis advokatebs, magram ara maT advokatebs - garda<br />

balistikuri da paTologiuri eqspertizis daskvnebisa; maT ar hqondaT<br />

procesis yoveldRiuri Canawerebis aslis gadaRebis finansuri saSualeba,<br />

romlis fasic 500-600 funt sterlings Seadgenda.<br />

160. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom winamdebare saqmeSi saWiro ar aris,<br />

dadgindes, sicocxlis xelyofasTan dakavSirebul saqmeze samoqalaqo<br />

sarCelis aRZvris mizniT, sasamarTloze xelmisawvdomobis ufleba<br />

SeiZleba Tu ara gamomdinareobdes me-2 muxlis 1-li punqtidan, radgan es<br />

sakiTxi ufro saTanadod konvenciis me-6 da me-13 muxlebSia ganxiluli _ es<br />

aris debulebebi (mux. me-6 da me-13), romlebzec ganmcxadeblebs miTiTeba<br />

ar gaukeTebiaT.<br />

20

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makqani gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

161. sasamarTlo, komisiis msgavsad, Semoifargleba imis aRniSvniT, rom<br />

saxelmwifo muSakebis mier TviTneburi mkvlelobis zogadi samarTlebrivi<br />

akrZalva praqtikaSi araefeqtiani iqneba, Tu ar iarsebebs saxelmwifo<br />

organoebis mier sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebis kanonierebis gadasinjvis<br />

procedura. am debulebis (mux. 2) safuZvelze, sicocxlis uflebis dacvis<br />

valdebuleba, konvenciis 1-li muxlis valdebulebasTan erTad wakiTxviT<br />

(`TavianTi iurisdiqciis farglebSi yvelasaTvis uzrunvelyofen am<br />

konvenciiT gansazRvrul uflebebs~), moiTxovs, rom arsebobdes efeqtiani<br />

oficialuri gamoZiebis raime forma, rodesac individualuri piris<br />

sicocxlis xelyofa gamowveulia Zalis gamoyenebiT, inter alia, saxelmwifo<br />

muSakis mier.<br />

162. Tumca, winamdebare saqmeSi sasamarTlo saWirod ar miiCnevs, daadginos,<br />

ra saxiT da ra pirobebSi unda ganxorcieldes es gamoZieba, radgan<br />

namdvilad Catarda sajaro mokvlevis procesi, sadac ganmcxadeblebi<br />

kanonierad iyvnen warmodgenili da, sadac samocdacxramet mowmes<br />

mousmines. garda amisa, procesi cxrameti dRe gagrZelda da, rogorc<br />

mokvlevis sqeltaniani Canawerebi uCvenebs, masze detalurad ganixiles<br />

mkvlelobasTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi. amasTan, rogorc Canawerebidan<br />

Cans, koroneris mier msajulebisaTvis wardgenili Semajamebeli moxsenebis<br />

CaTvliT, ganmcxadeblebis saxeliT moqmed advokatebs SeeZloT,<br />

gamoekvliaT da jvaredini dakiTxva CaetarebinaT ZiriTad mowmeebTan,<br />

samxedro da policiis im muSakebis CaTvliT, romlebic CarTuli iyvnen<br />

antiteroristuli operaciis dagegmvasa da ganxorcielebaSi, aseve,<br />

survilis SemTxvevaSi, saSualeba hqondaT, gancxadebebi gaekeTebinaT<br />

procesis msvlelobisas.<br />

163. zemoaRniSnulis Suqze sasamarTlos ar miaCnia, rom mokvlevis procesis<br />

savaraudo xarvezebma _ romlebzedac miuTiTeben rogorc ganmcxadeblebi,<br />

ise procesSi nebayoflobiT CarTuli pirebi _ mniSvnelovnad Seaferxes<br />

mkvlelobasTan dakavSirebuli garemoebebis sruli, miukerZoebeli da<br />

gulmodgine gamokvleva.<br />

164. amrigad, am safuZvelze konvenciis me-2 muxlis 1-li punqtis darRvevas<br />

adgili ar hqonda.<br />

B. me-2 muxlis gamoyeneba saqmis faqtebTan mimarTebiT<br />

1. mtkicebulebis Sefasebis zogadi midgoma<br />

165. miuxedavad imisa, rom konvenciis institutebi mokvlevis procesis<br />

msajulTa gadawyvetilebebTan raime formaluri arsiT dakavSirebuli<br />

ar arian, mTavrobam ganacxada, rom verdiqtebs ZiriTadi mniSvneloba<br />

eniWeba daRupulTa sikvdilis nebismier Semdgom gamokvlevaSi. amitom<br />

sasamarTlom sagulisxmo wona unda mianiWos msajulTa verdiqtebs,<br />

rodesac ar aris raime miniSneba, rom es verdiqtebi iyo Seusabamo. amasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, msajulebi erTmniSvnelovnad jerovnad iyvnen SerCeuli,<br />

raTa SeefasebinaT srolasTan dakavSirebuli garemoebebi. msajulebma<br />

moismines da ixiles samocdacxrametive mowme, romlebmac Cvenebebi misces,<br />

aseve, ganxorcielda jvaredini dakiTxva. amis meSveobiT, maT SeeZloT,<br />

SeefasebinaT mowmeTa Cvenebebis saimedooba da maTi mtkicebulebad<br />

gamoyenebis Rirebuleba. mTavrobam miuTiTa, rom msajulebma moismines<br />

sxvadasxva mxaris gancxadebebi, daRupulTa advokatebis CaTvliT.<br />

21

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

166. meore mxriv, ganmcxadeblebi amtkicebdnen, rom mokvlevis<br />

procesebi, misi bunebidan gamomdinare, sadavo mkvlelobebis sruli<br />

da detaluri mokvlevisaTvis arasaTanadod aris aRWurvili. garda<br />

amisa, mokvlevas mkvlelobebi ar ganuxilavs `proporciulobis~ an<br />

`absoluturi aucileblobis~ kuTxiT, aramed gamoiyena `gonivruli<br />

Zalis~ an `gonivruli aucileblobis~ naklebad mkacri testi. garda amisa,<br />

msajulebi koncentrirebuli iyvnen jariskacTa qmedebebze, romelTac<br />

gaxsnes cecxli, da arkvevdnen maTi sisxlissamarTlebrivi braleulobis<br />

sakiTxs. maT ar umsjeliaT iseT Temebze, rogoricaa gaufrTxilebloba da<br />

operaciis aragonieri dagegmva.<br />

170. ... sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom msajulebs saSualeba hqondaT, piradad<br />

moesminaT mowmeebisaTvis, dakvirvebodnen maT qcevas da SeefasebinaT maTi<br />

Cvenebis mtkicebulebad gamoyenebis Rirebuleba.<br />

miuxedavad amisa, unda gvaxsovdes, rom msajulTa gadawyvetileba<br />

Semoifargla sicocxlis kanonier xelyofasTan dakavSirebuli<br />

gadawyvetilebiT da, rogorc Cveulebriv xdeba, ar warmoudgenia mis<br />

mier gakeTebuli daskvnis dasabuTeba. garda amisa, mokvlevis procesis<br />

aqcenti da msajulTa mier gamoyenebuli norma iTvaliswinebda, gaerkviaT,<br />

jariskacTa mier Cadenili mkvlelobebi iyo Tu ara `gonivrulad<br />

gamarTlebuli~ mocemul garemoebebSi, rac gansxvavdeba imis Sefasebisgan,<br />

iyo Tu ara es qmedebebi `absoluturi aucileblobiT~ gamowveuli me-2<br />

muxlis zemoT Camoyalibebuli mniSvnelobiT (ix. zemoT punqtebi 120,<br />

148-149).<br />

171. am fonze, sasamarTlom sakuTari Sefaseba unda misces, avlens Tu ara<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRvevas komisiis mier dadgenili faqtebi.<br />

172. ganmcxadeblebi agreTve amtkicebdnen, rom, rodesac xdeba saxelmwifos<br />

qmedebis Seswavla iseT saqmeSi, sadac sasikvdilo Zalis ganzrax gamoyeneba<br />

TvalsaCinod aris ganxiluli werilobiT, sasamarTlom mTavrobas unda<br />

daakisros mtkicebis tvirTi, rom operaciis dagegmva da ganxorcieleba<br />

`gonivruli eWvis miRma~ standartis Sesabamisad, akmayofilebda<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxls. amasTanave, igi saxelmwifo organoebs ar unda<br />

utovebdes eWvs imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom TiTqosda sisxlis samarTlis<br />

pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi ganixileba.<br />

173. winamdebare saqmeSi me-2 muxlis darRvevis albaTobis gansazRvrisas<br />

sasamarTlo ar axdens movlenaSi pirdapir Tu arapirdapir CarTul pirTa<br />

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxis Sefasebas. amitom, misi<br />

Cveuli praqtikidan gamomdinare, igi sakiTxs Seafasebs ganmcxadeblebisa<br />

da mTavrobis mier mis winaSe warmodgenili yvela masalis Suqze an,<br />

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, sakuTari ZalisxmeviT mopovebuli masalebis<br />

safuZvelze (ix. irlandia gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, 1978 wlis 18<br />

ianvris gadawyvetileba, Series A no. 25, gv. 64, punqti 160, da zemoaRniSnuli<br />

saqme kruz varasi da sxvebi, gv. 29, punqti 75).<br />

2. ganmcxadebelTa varaudi, rom adgili hqonda ganzrax mkvlelobas<br />

174. ganmcxadeblebi amtkicebdnen, rom adgili hqonda daRupulTa ganzrax<br />

mkvlelobas. miuxedavad imisa, rom ar arsebobs mtkicebuleba, TiTqos<br />

Tavdacvis saministros maRali rangis muSakebisagan gaica pirdapiri<br />

22

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makqani gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

brZaneba, isini acxadeben, rom maTi varaudis dasadastureblad myari<br />

arapirdapiri (garemoebiTi) mtkicebuleba arsebobs. sasikvdilo srolis<br />

gaxsna winamdebare saqmeSi, savaraudod, gamoiwvia jariskacebisaTvis<br />

mcdari informaciis miwodebam. specialuri sahaero Zalebis gamoyeneba<br />

TavisTavad uCvenebs, rom adgili hqonda ganzrax mkvlelobas.<br />

175. isini agreTve acxadebdnen, rom gibraltaris policias ar SeiZleboda<br />

scodnoda amgvari ukanono Canafiqris Sesaxeb. isini miuTiTebdnen, rom<br />

sahaero Zalebis oficerma E-m Tavis xelqveiTebs saidumlo miTiTeba misca,<br />

ris Sesaxebac gibraltaris policia saqmis kursSi ar iyo. ufro metic,<br />

rodesac srolis Semdeg jariskacebi policiis ganyofilebaSi mividnen,<br />

maT armiis advokati axlda, romelmac ganmarta, rom jariskacebi iq mxolod<br />

iaraRis gadacemis mizniT iyvnen. garda amisa, jariskacebi dauyovnebliv<br />

gaiyvanes gibraltaridan ise, rom isini policias ar daukiTxavs.<br />

176. ganmcxadeblebi maTi saCivris gasamyareblad, sxva faqtorebTan erTad,<br />

Semdeg faqtorebzec miuTiTebdnen:<br />

- afeTqebis Tavidan acilebisa da eWvmitanilTa dasakaveblad yvelaze<br />

saukeTeso da usafrTxo meTodi, maTi da maTi bombis gibraltarSi<br />

Sesvlamde, dakaveba iqneboda. xelisuflebas hqonda maTi fotosuraTebi,<br />

pasportebi, agreTve, icodnen maTi saxelebi da flobdnen informacias<br />

maTi mokavSireebis Sesaxeb;<br />

- Tu eWvmitanilebs malagidan gibraltaramde intensiurad uTvalTvalebda<br />

espaneTis xelisufleba, rogorc amas Jurnalisti b-ni debeliusi amtkicebs,<br />

SeniSnavdnen TeTri feris renos markis avtomanqanis daqiravebas da<br />

aRmoaCendnen, rom masSi bombi ar ido (ix. zemoT punqti 128);<br />

- zemoaRniSnul gancxadebas adasturebs is faqtic, rom xelisuflebam,<br />

sazogadoebis dacvis mizniT, ver SeZlo bombis izolireba da adgilis<br />

gawmenda. gibraltarSi jariskacTa didi raodenoba imyofeboda,<br />

romlebsac saeWvo danaRmuli adgilis swrafi gawmendis gamocdileba<br />

hqondaT. usafrTxoebis proceduris es Secdoma mxolod imiT aixsneba,<br />

rom uSiSroebis samsaxurebma icodnen, manqanaSi bombi ar ido;<br />

- jariskacma G-m, romelic manqanis Sesamowmeblad gauSves da, romelmac<br />

upataka, rom iq iyo danaRmuli manqana, mokvlevis procesze ganacxada,<br />

rom igi ar iyo radio signalebis gadacemis eqsperti (ix. zemoT punqti<br />

53). es Zalze sagulisxmoa, vinaidan misi Sefasebis erTaderT safuZvels<br />

warmoadgenda is faqti, rom, misi azriT, radioantena ufro Zvelis<br />

STabeWdilebas tovebda, vidre manqana. profesionali eqsperti<br />

gadawyvetda antenis amoRebas, raTa gamoerTo radio detonatori, rac<br />

asafeTqebeli mowyobilobis destabilizaciis gareSe ganxorcieldeboda,<br />

rogorc amas doqtori skoti adasturebs. mas agreTve ecodineboda, rom,<br />

Tu eWvmitanilebi bombis afeTqebas radiosignalis meSveobiT apirebdnen,<br />

isini gamoiyenebdnen ara daJangebul antenas _ rac mkafio signalis miRebis<br />

SesaZleblobas Seamcirebda, aramed sufTas (ix. zemoT punqti 114). misi<br />

Cvenebidan dadginda, rom igi arc asafeTqebeli mowyobilobebis eqsperti<br />

gaxldaT. amrigad, arsebobda varaudi, rom jariskac G-is WeSmariti<br />

roli iyo, moexsenebina danaRmuli manqanis arsebobis Sesaxeb, raTa<br />

gibraltaris policia iZulebuli gamxdariyo, xeli moewera dokumentze,<br />

romelic specialuri sahaero Zalebis warmomadgenlebs sasikvdilo Zalis<br />

gamoyenebis uflebamosilebas miscemda.<br />

23

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

177. mTavrobis mier warmodgenil masalaSi msajulTa mier miRebuli<br />

kanonieri mkvlelobis verdiqti uCvenebs, rom maT faqtis saxiT daadgines,<br />

TiTqos ar arsebobda sami teroristis mokvlis gegma, rom gibraltaris<br />

operacia amgvarad ar iyo Cafiqrebuli da arc am mizniT viTardeboda.<br />

operaciis mizans warmoadgenda sami teroristis efeqtiani dakaveba da amis<br />

gamo moxda samxedroebis mxardaWeris moTxovna. garda amisa, msajulebma<br />

uaryves ganmcxadeblebis argumenti, rom A, B, C da D jariskacebma<br />

Segnebulad gadawyvites teroristebis mokvla – an imitom, rom mkafio<br />

brZaneba hqondaT miRebuli, an imis gamo, rom maT amis Sesaxeb `mianiSnes~.<br />

179. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom mas damajerebeli mtkicebuleba sWirdeba,<br />

sanam daaskvnides, TiTqos arsebobda winaswari gegma ganmcxadebelTa mier<br />

Camoyalibebul mosazrebebTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

180. sasamarTlos, mis xelT arsebuli masalis gamokvlevis Suqze,<br />

dasabuTebulad ar miaCnia, rom Tavdacvis saministros xelmZRvanelobas<br />

an mTavrobas mkvleloba hqonda ganzraxuli, an rom zemdgomma oficrebma<br />

A, B, C da D jariskacebs xeli Seuwyves an operaciis win miTiTeba misces, an<br />

rom maT marTlac sakuTari iniciativiT mokles eWvmitanilebi miuxedavad<br />

imisa, rom ar arsebobda sasikvdilo Zalis raime gamamarTlebeli<br />

safuZveli, an ar daemorCilnen dakavebis brZanebas, romelic maT miiRes.<br />

arc imis mtkicebuleba arsebobs, rom xelisuflebis mxridan adgili hqonda<br />

sami eWvmitanilis mokvlis xelSewyobas raime miniSnebis an insinuaciis<br />

meSveobiT.<br />

181. faqtorebi, romlebsac ganmcxadeblebi eyrdnobian, aris varaudTa<br />

erToblioba, rom xelisuflebis organoebs unda scodnodaT manqanaSi<br />

bombis ararsebobis Sesaxeb. Tumca, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT maTTvis dazvervis<br />

mier miwodebul informacias, sami teroristis Sesaxeb monacemebis<br />

flobas (samive maTgans Sexeba hqonda afeTqebebTan) da, agreTve, im faqts,<br />

rom dainaxes batoni savaji rogor `aTamaSebda~ xelSi raRacas manqanidan<br />

gadmosvlamde (ix. zemoT punqti 38), imis dajereba, rom manqanaSi bombi<br />

iyo, ar SeiZleba absoluturad SeuZleblad an sruliad usafuZvlod<br />

CaiTvalos.<br />

182. kerZod, gibraltarSi maT SemosvlasTan dakavSirebiT miRebul<br />

gadawyvetilebas kritika mohyva, radgan, amiT gamowveuli riskis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT, araferi gakeTebula imisaTvis, rom emoqmedaT mrCevelTa<br />

sabWos mier Camoyalibebuli dakavebis strategiis Sesabamisad da samive<br />

eWvmitanili gibraltarSi Semosvlamde daekavebinaT. igive mrCevelTa<br />

jgufi aRniSnavda, rom afeTqebis misiis mimarT maTi msjavrdebisaTvis<br />

sakmarisi mtkicebuleba arsebobda (ix. zemoT punqti 37).<br />

183. sasamarTlo ver gaiziarebs ganmcxadebelTa mtkicebas, rom specialuri<br />

sahaero Zalebis gamoyeneba, TavisTavad, warmoadgens eWvmitanilTa<br />

mokvlis ganzraxvis mtkicebulebas. am TvalsazrisiT, igi miuTiTebs,<br />

rom es aris sahaero Zalebis specialuri danayofi, sadac teroristTa<br />

winaaRmdeg brZolisTvis gawvrTnil specialistebs iReben. aqedan<br />

gamomdinare, bunebrivia, rom xelisufleba, romelsac informacia hqonda<br />

teroristTa savaraudo Setevis Sesaxeb, specialuri sahaero danayofis<br />

unarsa da gamocdilebas gamoiyenebda, raTa maqsimalurad usafrTxod da<br />

gaazrebulad gamklaveboda mosalodnel safrTxes.<br />

24

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makqani gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

184. aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo uaryofs ganmcxadebelTa varaudebs,<br />

rogorc dausabuTebels, rom sami eWvmitanilis mkvleloba iyo ganzraxi<br />

qmedeba an operaciaSi CarTul pirTa Cumi SeTanxmebis Sedegi.<br />

3. operaciis Catareba da dagegmva<br />

(a) sasamarTloSi gamocxadebulTa argumentebi<br />

(1) ganmcxadeblebi<br />

185. ganmcxadebelTa TqmiT, sasamarTlo arasworad moiqceoda,<br />

rogorc es komisiam gaakeTa, Tu Sefasebisas im jariskacTa SesaZlo<br />

gamarTlebis sakiTxiT Semoifargleboda, romlebmac, faqtobrivad,<br />

mokles eWvmitanilebi. man unda gamoikvlios mTavrobis pasuxismgebloba<br />

operaciis yvela aspeqtTan mimarTebiT. jariskacebi marTlac SeiZleboda<br />

gaemarTlebina sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlos, Tu daasabuTebdnen,<br />

rom maT patiosnad irwmunes maTTvis micemuli usafuZvlo da mcdari<br />

informacia.<br />

186. E oficerma (Setevis meTauri) jariskacebs uTxra, rom eWvmitanilebma<br />

gibraltarSi danaRmuli manqana moaTavses, maSin, roca G jariskacma,<br />

asafeTqebel mowyobilobaTa gauvnebelyofis eqspertma, gaakeTa moxseneba,<br />

rom es iyo saeWvo bombi, amasTan, distanciuri marTvis da rom TiToeul<br />

eWvmitanils misi moqmedebaSi moyvana gibraltaris nebismieri kuTxidan<br />

SeeZlo Rilakze TiTis ubralo daWeriT da isini uyoymanod gaakeTebdnen<br />

amas problemis aRmoCenis momentSi. realurad, es `varaudebi~ da<br />

`faqtebi~ sxva araferi iyo, Tu ara eWvebi an araerTgvarovani Sefasebebi.<br />

Tumca, es jariskacebs miawodes rogorc faqtebi, romlebic gawvrTnili<br />

iyvnen srolaSi ara mxolod safrTxis ubralo miniSnebis dros, aramed –<br />

rogorc es mokvlevis dros miwodebulma mtkicebulebam uCvena – srolis<br />

gagrZelebaSic, sanam TavianT samiznes ar moklavdnen.<br />

daskvnis saxiT, maT ganacxades, rom adamianTa sicocxlis xelyofa Sedegad<br />

mohyva sami eWvmitanilis dasakaveblad arakompetenturad da gulgrilad<br />

dagegmil da ganxorcielebul antiteroristul operacias, agreTve,<br />

mosalodneli safrTxis Tavidan acilebasa da eWvmitanilTa sicocxlis<br />

uflebas Soris saTanado balansis daucvelobas.<br />

(2) mTavroba<br />

187. mTavrobam ganacxada, rom jariskacTa qmedeba absolutur<br />

aucileblobas warmoadgenda adamianTa ukanono Zaladobisagan dasacavad,<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtis mniSvnelobiT. TiToeul maTgans<br />

mxolod erTi wami hqonda gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, rasac SesaZloa<br />

mravali adamianis sicocxle Seewira. isini darwmunebuli iyvnen, rom<br />

eWvmitanilTa qmedebebi, romlebic maT im momentisaTvis daafiqsires,<br />

qmnida STabeWdilebas, TiTqosda teroristebi bombis afeTqebas<br />

apirebdnen. es Cveneba sxva mowmeebmac daadastures, romlebmac dainaxes<br />

aRniSnuli moZraoba. Tu davuSvebT, rom jariskacebs patiosnad da<br />

gonivrulad sjerodaT, rom cecxli gauxsnes teroristebs, romlebic<br />

Rilakze TiTis daWeriT bombis amoqmedebas apirebdnen, maSin maT cecxlis<br />

gaxsnis garda sxva alternativa ar hqondaT.<br />

25

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

188. isini agreTve miuTiTebdnen, rom xelisuflebis xelT arsebuli<br />

informaciis didi nawili da maT mier gakeTebuli Sefasebebi zusti<br />

iyo. sami daRupuli gaxldaT irlandiis respublikuri armiis moqmedi<br />

qvedanayofis wevri, romelic operacias gegmavda gibraltarSi; maT<br />

kontrols eqvemdebareboda asafeTqebel saSualebaTa didi raodenoba,<br />

romelic SemdgomSi espaneTSi ipoves; operacia ki danaRmuli manqanis<br />

saxiT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, gibraltarSi myofTa<br />

sicocxles emuqreboda ara mxolod realuri safrTxe, aramed es safrTxe<br />

iyo aseve ukiduresad seriozuli.<br />

189. mTavrobam agreTve ganacxada, rom antiteroristuli operaciebis<br />

dagegmvis gamokvlevisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes is faqti, rom<br />

dazvervis Sefasebebi eyrdnoba arasrul informacias, ris gamoc sruli<br />

suraTis mxolod fragmentebi xdeba cnobili. garda amisa, rogorc<br />

praqtikam uCvena, irlandiis respublikuri armia gansakuTrebiT mkacri<br />

da unariani iyo kontrdazvervis meTodebis gamoyenebaSi da yvelafers<br />

akeTebda imisaTvis, rom xelisuflebisaTvis misi zraxvebi daemala. amasTan,<br />

CrdiloeT irlandiis gamocdilebam uCvena, rom irlandiis respublikuri<br />

armia mudmivad da swrafad aviTarebda axal teqnologiebs. amrigad, maT<br />

mxedvelobaSi unda mieRoT, rom SesaZlebeli iyo teroristebs ufro<br />

daxvewili da advilad dasamali radio-makontrolebeli mowyobilobebi<br />

hqondaT, vidre manamde iyo cnobili irlandiis respublikuri armiis<br />

aRWurvilobaSi. da bolos, moqmedi samsaxuris danayofis mier Seqmnili<br />

safrTxis arajerovan Sefasebas SeiZleba katastrofuli Sedegi<br />

mohyoloda. Tu isini moaxerxebdnen, aefeTqebinaT im tipisa da zomis<br />

bombi, rogoric espaneTSi ipoves, manqanis sadgomze myofi yvela adamiani<br />

daiRupeboda an mZimed dasaxiCrdeboda, xolo mimdebare SenobebSi, sadac<br />

sxva SenobebTan erTad, skola da moxucTa TavSesafaric iyo, seriozulad<br />

dazaraldebodnen.<br />

190. xelisuflebisaTvis cnobili SezRuduli informaciis Suqze,<br />

operaciasTan dakavSirebiT dazvervis mier gakeTebuli Sefasebebi<br />

gonivruli iyo, ris safuZvelzec SeiZleboda gakeTebuliyo daskvna,<br />

rom teroristTa Zalebisa da resursebis arajerovan Sefasebas SeiZleba<br />

damangreveli Sedegi mohyoloda. amasTan dakavSirebiT, mTavrobam Semdegi<br />

argumentebi warmoadgina:<br />

- darwmunebuli iyvnen, rom gamoyenebuli iqneboda distanciuri marTvis<br />

mowyobiloba, radgan es teroristebs gaqcevis ukeTes Sanss miscemda da<br />

gazrdida maT SesaZleblobas, meti msxverpli gamoewviaT samxedroebs<br />

da ara samoqalaqo pirebs Soris. garda amisa, eqvsi kviris win irlandiis<br />

respublikurma armiam swored aseTi mowyobiloba gamoiyena briuselSi.<br />

- varaudobdnen, rom sasamarTlos winaSe warmodgenili distanciuri<br />

marTvis mowyobilobis msgavs meqanizms adamiani advilad damalavda<br />

sxeulze. TviT jariskacebma warmatebiT damales imave zomis radio.<br />

- rogorc kapitanma edvardsma mokvlevis procesze Tavis CvenebaSi<br />

ganacxada, Catarebulma testebma uCvenes, rom avtosadgomze bombis<br />

afeTqeba im adgilidan unda momxdariyo, sadac teroristebs esroles (ix.<br />

zemoT punqti 116).<br />

- warsulis gamocdileba uCvenebda, rom teroristTa asafeTqebeli<br />

mowyobilobis amoqmedeba mxolod Rilakze TiTis daWeriT iqneboda<br />

SesaZlebeli.<br />

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makqani gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

- rogorc mowme O-m mokvlevis procesze ganacxada, damblokavi manqana ar<br />

iqneboda saWiro, radgan teroristebma icodnen, rom 8 marts Tavisufali<br />

adgilis povna ar gauWirdebodaT. amasTan, es saSiSi iyo, radgan maSin maT<br />

orjer mouwevdaT gibraltarSi Semosvla, rac mniSvnelovnad gazrdida<br />

maTi aRmoCenis risks (ix. zemoT punqti 23(e)).<br />

- G jariskacis keTilsindisier SefasebaSi, rom es danaRmuli manqana iyo,<br />

eWvis Setanis safuZveli ar arsebobda. Tavdapirvelad, man misca Cveneba,<br />

rom igi kargad icnobda danaRmul manqanebs. garda amisa, manqana sadgomze<br />

gaaCera bombebis damzadebis cnobilma ostatma, romelic dainaxes, Tu<br />

rogor `aTamaSebda~ raRacas manqanis savarZlebs Soris, xolo manqanis<br />

antena TiTqos Tavis adgilas ar iyo. irlandiis respublikuri armiis<br />

danaRmuli manqanebi cnobili iyo imiT, rom maT hqondaT specialurad<br />

morgebuli antenebi da G-s ar SeeZlo, mxolod garegnuli daTvalierebiT,<br />

darwmunebiT eTqva, rom manqanaSi bombi ar iyo (ix. zemoT punqti 48). garda<br />

amisa, rogorc Canda, samive eWvmitanili gibraltaris datovebas apirebda.<br />

da bolos, manqanis garSemo sivrcisTvis kordonis Semortymis operacia am<br />

Sefasebis gakeTebidan mxolod 20 wuTis Semdeg daiwyo, radgan ar hyavdaT<br />

saWiro raodenobis cocxali Zala, xolo evakuaciis gegmis ganxorcieleba<br />

7 an 8 martamde ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli.<br />

- aragonivruli iqneboda, xelisuflebas evarauda, rom SesaZloa,<br />

teroristebs ar aemoqmedebinaT bombi, Tu isini problemis winaSe<br />

aRmoCndebodnen. irlandiis respublikur armias, romelic saomar<br />

moqmedebebs awarmoebda gaerTianebul samefosTan, hyavda teroristebi,<br />

romlebmac, maTi azriT, ukve uCvenes, rom arad agdebdnen sakuTar<br />

usafrTxoebas. kvlav arsebobda riski, rom, Tu isini arCevanis winaSe<br />

dadgebodnen – aefeTqebinaT bombi, romelic mSvidobiani samoqalaqo<br />

pirebis sicocxles Seiwiravda, Tu saerTod ar moexdinaT afeTqeba _<br />

teroristebi albaT pirvel variants amjobinebdnen.<br />

(b) sasamarTlos Sefaseba<br />

(1) winaswari mosazrebebi<br />

192. konvenciis me-2 muxlis safuZvelze Catarebuli gamokvlevisas<br />

sasamarTlom unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom gaerTianebuli samefos<br />

xelisuflebam, miiRo ra informacia gibraltarSi mosalodneli<br />

teroristuli Setevis Sesaxeb, igi seriozuli dilemis winaSe aRmoCnda.<br />

erTi mxriv, maT gibraltaris mosaxleobis dacva moeTxovebodaT _<br />

sakuTari samxedro mosamsaxureebis CaTvliT _ xolo, meore mxriv,<br />

minimaluri sasikvdilo Zala unda gamoeyenebinaT saSiSroebis Semqmneli<br />

eWvmitanilebis winaaRmdeg, im valdebulebaTa Sesabamisad, romelic maT<br />

Sidasaxelmwifo da saerTaSoriso samarTliT hqondaT dakisrebuli.<br />

193. agreTve, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli mravali sxva faqtori:<br />

pirvel rigSi, xelisuflebis winaSe idga irlandiis respublikuri<br />

armiis moqmedi samsaxuris danayofi, romelSic Sediodnen afeTqebebis<br />

gamo msjavrdebuli adamianebi da asafeTqebel mowyobilobaTa cnobili<br />

eqsperti. irlandiis respublikuri armia, rogorc amas misi warsuli<br />

uCvenebda, arafrad agdebda adamianis sicocxles, sakuTari wevrebis<br />

CaTvliT.<br />

27

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

meore _ xelisuflebas winaswar hqonda informacia mosalodneli<br />

teroristuli aqtis Sesaxeb da, amdenad, mas hqonda SesaZlebloba, daegegma<br />

operacia da gibraltaris adgilobriv xelisuflebasTan erTad Sesabamisi<br />

zomebi mieRo Setevis CasaSlelad da eWvmitanilTa dasakaveblad. Tumca,<br />

udavoa, rom uSiSroebis samsaxurebs ver eqneboda sruli informacia<br />

aRniSnul faqtebTan dakavSirebiT da TavianTi strategia arasruli<br />

varaudebis safuZvelze unda aegoT.<br />

194. am fonze, gamoyenebuli Zalis me-2 muxlis Sesabamisobis gamokvlevisas,<br />

sasamarTlom guldasmiT unda Seamowmos, rogorc zemoT iyo xsenebuli,<br />

ara mxolod is, iyo Tu ara jariskacebis mier gamoyenebuli Zala adamianTa<br />

dacvis miznis zustad proporciuli, aramed isic, iyo Tu ara xelisuflebis<br />

mier operacia imgvarad dagegmili da gakontrolebuli, rom maqsimalurad<br />

Seemcirebina sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyeneba. sasamarTlo am or sakiTxs<br />

erTmaneTis mimdevrobiT ganixilavs.<br />

(2) jariskacTa qmedebebi<br />

195. miTiTebul iqna, rom jariskacebma, romlebmac srola ganaxorcieles<br />

(A, B, G da D), maTi zemdgomisagan miiRes informacia, rom adgilze iyo<br />

danaRmuli manqana, romelic SeiZleboda sami eWvmitanilidan nebismiers<br />

aefeTqebina radio-distanciuri mowyobilobis meSveobiT. es mowyobiloba<br />

SesaZloa adamians sxeulze hqonoda damaluli da misi amoqmedeba Rilakze<br />

erTi TiTis daWeriT iyo SesaZlebeli; amasTan, didi iyo albaToba, rom<br />

problematuri situaciis SemTxvevaSi, isini bombs moqmedebaSi moiyvandnen,<br />

rac did msxverpls da adamianTa dasaxiCrebas gamoiwvevda da rom isini,<br />

savaraudod, SeiaraRebuli iyvnen da winaaRmdegobas gauwevdnen (ix. zemoT<br />

punqti 23, 24-27 da 28-31).<br />

196. b-ni makkanisa da q-ni farelis daRupvasTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlo<br />

miuTiTebs komisiis daskvnaze, rom isini daxoces axlo mijriT mas Semdeg,<br />

rac A da B jariskacebs moeCvenaT, TiTqos maT saSiSi moZraoba gaakeTes,<br />

rac bombis detonaciaSi moyvanis moZraobas waagavda (ix. zemoT punqti 132).<br />

mtkicebulebam uCvena, rom isini daiRupnen miwaze danarcxebisas da ara<br />

maSin, rodesac miwaze iwvnen (ix. zemoT punqti 59-67). oTxma mowmem gaigo<br />

gamafrTxilebeli yvirili (ix. zemoT punqti 75). oficerma P-m daadastura<br />

oTxi jariskacis Cveneba eWvmitanilTa xelebis moZraobis Sesaxeb (ix.<br />

zemoT punqti 76). oficerma Q-m da policiis konsteblma parodim agreTve<br />

daadastures, rom q-nma farelim moulodneli, saeWvo moZraoba gaakeTa<br />

misi xelCanTis mimarTulebiT (iqve).<br />

197. b-ni savajis mokvlasTan dakavSirebiT, Cvenebebis Sedegad gamovlinda,<br />

rom Selis garaJTan (makkani da fareli) srolasa da lendportis gvirabTan<br />

(savaji) srolas Soris mxolod ramdenime wami iyo gansxvaveba. komisiam<br />

daadgina, rom C da D jariskacebi ver Seeswrebodnen pirvel gasrolas,<br />

sanam savajs gaekidebodnen, romelic mas Semdeg Semobrunda, rac policiis<br />

sirenis an srolis xma gaigo (ix. zemoT punqti 132).<br />

jariskacma C-m cecxli imitom gaxsna, rom b-nma savajma xeli pijakis<br />

jibisken waiRo, riTac bombis afeTqebis saSiSroebis varaudi warmoqmna.<br />

garda amisa, C jariskacma mis jibeSi raRac mozrdili sagani SeamCnia, rac mas<br />

detonaciis gasaaqtiurebeli egona. cecxli agreTve gaxsna D jariskacma,<br />

radgan manac miiCnia, rom eWvmitanili savaraudo bombis moqmedebaSi<br />

28

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makqani gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

moyvanas cdilobda. movlenis Sesaxeb jariskacTa versia garkveulwilad<br />

daadastures mowmeebma H-ma da J-m, romlebmac dainaxes, rogor Semobrunda<br />

b-ni savaji, raTa jariskacebis saxe daenaxa, rac, savaraudod, policiis<br />

sirenis an pirveli srolis xmis gagonebaze misi reaqcia iyo (ix. zemoT<br />

punqti 83 da 85).<br />

komisiam daadgina, rom b-n savajs axlo jeriT esroles, sanam igi miwas<br />

ar daenarcxa da, SesaZloa, srolisTanave an mis Semdeg davarda miwaze<br />

(ix. zemoT punqti 132). am daskvnas mokvlevis procesze mxari dauWira<br />

paTolog-eqspertis Cvenebam (ix. zemoT punqti 110).<br />

198. SemdgomSi aRmoCnda, rom eWvmitanilebi SeiaraRebuli ar iyvnen,<br />

sxeulze ar hqondaT detonatori da manqanaSi ar ido bombi (ix. zemoT<br />

punqti 93 da 96).<br />

199. oTxive jariskaci adasturebs, rom srola eWvmitanilTa mokvlis mizniT<br />

ganaxorcieles. isini miiCnevdnen, rom saWiro iyo srolis gagrZeleba, sanam<br />

eWvmitanilebi fizikurad veRar SeZlebdnen asafeTqebeli mowyobilobis<br />

detonacias (ix. zemoT punqtebi 61, 63, 80 da 120). paTolog-eqspertis<br />

daskvnis Sesabamisad, q-ni fareli rva tyviiT iyo mkvdari, b-ni makkani _<br />

xuTiT, xolo b-ni savaji – TeqvsmetiT (ix. zemoT punqti 108-110).<br />

200. sasamarTlo dasaSvebad miiCnevs, rom jariskacebs, miRebuli<br />

informaciis Suqze, gulwrfelad swamdaT _ bombis detonaciis aRkveTisa<br />

da seriozuli msxverplis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, aucilebeli iyo<br />

eWvmitanilTa mokvla (ix zemoT punqti 195). amasTan, maT mier zemdgomis<br />

brZanebebis Sesrulebis mizniT ganxorcielebuli moqmedebebi<br />

iyo absoluturad aucilebeli udanaSaulo adamianTa sicocxlis<br />

gadasarCenad.<br />

sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtis erT-erTi<br />

miznis misaRwevad saxelmwifo muSakTa mier Zalis gamoyeneba SeiZleba<br />

gamarTlebuli iqnes am debulebiT (mux. 2-2), rodesac igi damyarebulia im<br />

momentisaTvis gacnobierebul patiosan rwmenaze, romelic Semdeg Secdoma<br />

aRmoCnda. sxvagvari msjelobiT saxelmwifos da mis samarTaldacvis<br />

muSakebs maTi movaleobebis Sesrulebisas ararealisturi tvirTi<br />

daawvebodaT, albaT maTi da sxvaTa sicocxlis xarjze.<br />

aqedan gamomdinare, winamdebare saqmeSi, xelisuflebis winaSe arsebuli<br />

dilemis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tavad jariskacTa qmedebebi am debulebis<br />

darRvevas (mux. 2-2) ar warmoSobs.<br />

201. Tumca, dgeba sakiTxi, iyo Tu ara antiteroristuli operacia<br />

mTlianobaSi gakontrolebuli da organizebuli imgvarad, rom daculi<br />

yofiliyo me-2 muxlis moTxovnebi da saTanadod iTvaliswinebda Tu ara<br />

sami eWvmitanilis sicocxlis uflebas jariskacebisaTvis micemuli<br />

informacia da instruqciebi, ramac sasikvdilo Zalis gardauvali<br />

gamoyeneba gamoiwvia.<br />

(3) operaciis kontroli da organizeba<br />

202. sasamarTlo, upirveles yovlisa, aRniSnavs, rom, rogorc komisris<br />

operatiuli brZaneba adasturebs, xelisuflebas ganzraxuli hqonda<br />

eWvmitanilebis dakaveba Sesaferis momentSi. mokvlevaze misces Cveneba,<br />

rom jariskacebs dakavebis procedurebi ganxorcielebuli hqondaT 6<br />

29

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

martamde da cdilobdnen Sesaferisi adgili moeZebnaT gibraltarSi, raTa<br />

eWvmitanilebi dakavebis Semdeg daepatimrebinaT (ix. zemoT punqti 18 da<br />

55).<br />

203. sakiTxavia, ratom ar daakaves sami eWvmitanili sazRvarze,<br />

gibraltarSi Sesvlisas da, rogorc inspeqtor ulgeris Cvenebidan<br />

gamoCnda, ratom miiRes gadawyvetileba, ar SeeSalaT maTTvis xeli<br />

gibraltarSi Sesasvlelad, Tu sjerodaT, rom isini afeTqebis misiiT<br />

midiodnen. hqondaT ra winaswari informacia teroristTa zraxvebis<br />

Sesaxeb, xelisuflebas udavod SeeZlo dakavebis operaciis ganxorcieleba.<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom isini gaakvirva sami eWvmitanilis adre Camosvlam,<br />

maT sazRvarze hyavdaT moTvalTvaleTa da, aseve damkavebelTa jgufebi<br />

(ix. zemoT punqti 34). garda amisa, uSiSroebis samsaxurebs da espaneTis<br />

xelisuflebas hqonda sami eWvmitanilis fotosuraTebi, icodnen maTi<br />

da, agreTve, maTi mekavSireebis saxelebi, amasTan, icodnen, Tu ra saxis<br />

pasportebi unda moeZebnaT (ix. zemoT punqti 33).<br />

204. aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, mTavrobam ganacxada, rom im<br />

droisaTvis eWvmitanilTa dakavebis Semdeg maTi gasamarTlebisaTvis<br />

sakmarisi mtkicebuleba SeiZleba ar hqonodaT. ufro metic, maTi<br />

gaTavisufleba udavod SeaSfoTebda maT da mianiSnebda xelisuflebis<br />

informirebulobaze, rac maT da sxvebs kidev erTxel mcdelobis<br />

saSualebas miscemda. es ki, ueWvelia, gazrdida risks. xelisufleba verc<br />

imaSi iqneboda darwmunebuli, rom mxolod es sami teroristi iqneboda<br />

dakavSirebuli savaraudo afeTqebis operaciasTan.<br />

205. am TvalsazrisiT, sasamarTlo ifargleba imis aRniSvniT, rom<br />

gibraltaris mosaxleobis winaSe mdgar safrTxes – rac winamdebare<br />

saqmeSi mTavrobis argumentebis qvakuTxeds warmoadgens – ufro meti<br />

mniSvneloba unda mieniWos gibraltarSi eWvmitanilTa Semosvlaze<br />

xelSeuSlelobis gadawyvetilebis miRebasTan konteqstSi, vidre im<br />

Sedegebs, rac maTi dakavebis da gasamarTlebisaTvis arasakmarisi<br />

samxilis uqonlobas SeiZleboda mohyoloda. misi azriT, an xelisuflebam<br />

icoda rom manqanaSi bombi ar ido – rac sasamarTlom ukve ar miiRo<br />

mxedvelobaSi (ix. zemoT punqti 181) _ an operaciis makontroleblebma<br />

gaTvlebSi seriozuli Secdoma dauSves. amrigad, dazvervis Sefasebebis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT, moqmedeba, romelmac sasikvdilo srola gamoiwvia, iyo<br />

ganWvretadi SesaZlebloba.<br />

amrigad, sami teroristisaTvis gibraltarSi Semosvlis xelSeuSlelobis<br />

gadawyvetileba am saTauris qveS gasaTvaliswinebel relevantur faqtors<br />

warmoadgens.<br />

206. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom 5 marts Catarebul brifingze, romelsac<br />

A, B, C da D jariskacebi eswrebodnen, savaraudod ganixiles, rom Seteva<br />

didi danaRmuli manqaniT ganxorcieldeboda. gaakeTes SefasebaTa<br />

mniSvnelovani wyeba. kerZod, miiCnies, rom teroristebi damblokav<br />

manqanas ar gamoiyenebdnen; bombis amoqmedeba radio-distanciuri<br />

mowyobilobiT moxdeboda; detonacia Rilakze TiTis daWeriT moxdeboda;<br />

mosalodneli iyo, rom, problemis Seqmnis SemTxvevaSi, eWvmitanilebi<br />

bombs aafeTqebdnen; isini SeiaraRebuli iqnebodnen da, winaaRmdegobis<br />

SemTxvevaSi, gamoiyenebdnen iaraRs (ix zemoT punqtebi 23-31).<br />

30

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makqani gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

207. movlenis ganviTarebisas, yvela es sagulisxmo varaudi, teroristebis<br />

mier Setevis ganxorcielebis ganzraxvis garda, mcdari aRmoCnda.<br />

Tumca, rogorc es mTavrobam uCvena, irlandiis respublikur armiasTan<br />

urTierTobis maTi gamocdilebis safuZvelze, aRniSnul situaciaSi,<br />

roca WeSmariti faqtebi ucnobi iyo da xelisufleba mxolod dazvervis<br />

SezRuduli informaciis safuZvelze moqmedebda, yvela zemoT CamoTvlili<br />

warmoadgenda SesaZlo hipoTezas.<br />

208. faqtobrivad, rogorc Cans, arasruli varaudebi sxva varaudebisagan<br />

Camoyalibda. magaliTad, radgan afeTqeba 8 martamde ar iyo mosalodneli,<br />

rodesac yaraulis cvlis ceremonia Catardeboda, aseve, Tanabrad<br />

mosalodneli iyo, rom sami teroristi dazvervis misiiT iyo Camosuli.<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom es faqtori mokled iqna ganxiluli, igi seriozul<br />

SesaZleblobad ar miiCnies (ix. zemoT punqti 45).<br />

garda amisa, brifingebis dros an mas Semdeg, rac eWvmitanilebi mizanSi<br />

amoiRes, savaraudod, ver ifiqrebdnen, rom isini bombis asafeTqeblad<br />

iqnebodnen momzadebulni da, amdenad, mravali samoqalaqo piris daRupvas<br />

gamoiwvevdnen, radgan b-ni makkani da q-ni fareli, imis gamo, rom amiT<br />

maTi gamovlenisa da Sepyrobis riski gaizrdeboda (ix. zemoT punqti 57),<br />

sasazRvro zonisaken gaiqceodnen. aseve, albaT ar arsebobs safuZveli,<br />

vifiqroT, rom im momentSi isini daamontaJebdnen gadamcems im molodiniT,<br />

rom maTTvis saSualeba miecaT, winaaRmdegobis warmoqmnis SemTxvevaSi,<br />

dauyovnebliv aefeTqebinaT savaraudo bombi (ix. zemoT punqti 115).<br />

garda amisa, Tundac yofiliyo argumentebi irlandiis respublikuri<br />

armiis teqnologiur SesaZleblobebTan dakavSirebiT, rogorc<br />

eqspertebma uCvenes (ix. zemoT punqti 115 da 131), maT xelT arsebuli<br />

asafeTqebeli mowyobiloba “Rilakze TiTis erTi daWeris” principiT ar<br />

modioda moqmedebaSi, rac kargad unda scodnodaT Sesabamis kompetentur<br />

organoebs da zedmetad ar gaemartivebinaT am mowyobilobis WeSmariti<br />

maxasiaTeblebi.<br />

209. am konteqstSi, agreTve, SeSfoTebas iwvevs is, rom G jariskacis mier<br />

manqanis zedapiruli daTvalierebis Semdeg gakeTebuli Sefaseba, TiTqos<br />

es `saeWvo danaRmuli manqana~ iyo, romlis Sesaxebac man jariskacebs<br />

acnoba, rogorc TviT jariskacebma sakuTar CvenebebSi aRniSnes, maT<br />

dadasturebulad CaTvales, rom identificirebul manqanaSi naRmi<br />

ido (ix. zemoT punqtebi 48 da 51-52). iTqva, rom G jariskacs danaRmuli<br />

manqanebis gamocdileba hqonda, Tumca, rogorc cnobili gaxda, igi ar iyo<br />

radio komunikaciis an asafeTqebel mowyobilobaTa eqsperti; da rom misi<br />

Sefaseba, TiTqos Seusabamo antenis gamo es iyo saeWvo danaRmuli manqana,<br />

rac mis sakuTar dakvirvebaze iyo dafuZnebuli, ufro waagavda moxsenebas,<br />

rom bombis arsebobis gamoricxva ar SeiZleboda (ix. zemoT punqti 53).<br />

210. alternatiuli SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb sakmarisi argumentebis<br />

uqonlobis da danaRmuli manqanis Sesaxeb damajerebeli informaciis<br />

pirobebSi, agreTve, im Sefasebebis safuZvelze, rom bombis afeTqeba<br />

Rilakze TiTis daWeriT iyo SesaZlebeli, A, B, C da D jariskacebs samuSao<br />

varaudebi udavo faqtebis saxiT gadaecaT, ramac praqtikulad gardauvali<br />

gaxada sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyeneba.<br />

211. Tumca, jariskacebis wvrTnisas, romelic iTvaliswinebs cecxlis<br />

gaxsnis Semdeg srolis gagrZelebas, sanam eWvmitanili ar mokvdeba,<br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

agreTve, aucileblad unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli Secdomis zRvris<br />

uzrunvelyofa. rogorc koroneris mier mokvlevis procesze msajulTa<br />

winaSe warmoTqmuli Semajamebeli sityva uCvenebs, oTxive jariskacma<br />

eWvmitanilTa mokvlis mizniT isrola (ix. zemoT punqtebi 61, 63 80 da 120).<br />

rogorc E jariskacma Tavis CvenebaSic daadastura, jariskacebTan erTad<br />

ganixiles, rom savsebiT mosalodneli iyo, damdgariyo saWiroeba, esrolaT<br />

eWvmitanilTa mokvlis mizniT, radgan `Rilakiani~ mowyobilobis dros<br />

maT naklebi dro eqnebodaT (ix. zemoT punqti 26). am fonze xelisuflebas<br />

ekisreboda eWvmitanilTa sicocxlis pativiscemis valdebuleba da maT<br />

didi gulisyuriT unda SeefasebinaT informacia, sanam mas gadascemdnen<br />

jariskacebs, romelTa mier cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebam<br />

avtomaturad gamoiwvia sasikvdilo gasrola.<br />

212. miuxedavad imisa, rom mokvlevis procesze jariskacTa wvrTnis sakiTxis<br />

gamoZiebas sazogadoebis interesis sertifikatis gamocemam SeuSala xeli<br />

(ix. zemoT punqti 104, sakiTxi 1(iii)), naTeli ar aris, cecxlsasroli iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebisas, aswavles Tu ara maT konkretul garemoebebSi samiznis<br />

daWra/mwyobridan gamoyvana, kerZod, piris dakavebis dros.<br />

am arsebiTi TvalsazrisiT, maTi refleqsuri moqmedeba moklebulia<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRis frTxilad gamoyenebis xarisxs, rac<br />

damaxasiaTebeli unda iyos demokratiuli sazogadoebis samarTaldamcavi<br />

muSakebisaTvis maSinac ki, roca saqme aqvT terorizmSi eWvmitanil<br />

saSiS damnaSaveebTan da mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba policiis mier<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis instruqciebSi Camoyalibebuli<br />

standartisagan, romelic maTTvis cnobili iyo da romelic xazgasmiT<br />

miuTiTebda mosamsaxuris samarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobaze (ix. zemoT<br />

punqti 136 da 137). xelisuflebis es xarvezic agreTve miuTiTebs, rom<br />

saTanado gulmodginebiT ar xdeba dakavebis operaciis kontroli da<br />

organizeba.<br />

213. da bolos, iTvaliswinebs ra eWvmitanilebisaTvis gibraltarSi<br />

SesvlisaTvis xelis arSeSlis gadawyvetilebas, xelisuflebis mier<br />

dazvervis Sefasebebis ganxilvisas imis gauTvaliswineblobas, rom<br />

garkveulwilad informacia SeiZleba mcdari yofiliyo da cecxlis gaxsnis<br />

Semdeg jariskacebis mier sasikvdilo Zalis avtomatur gamoyenebas,<br />

sasamarTlo darwmunebuli ar aris, rom sami teroristis mokvla<br />

warmoadgens Zalis gamoyenebas, romelic gamowveuli iyo absoluturi<br />

aucileblobiT pirTa dasacavad aramarTlzomieri Zaladobisagan<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtis mniSvnelobiT.<br />

214. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo adgens, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-2<br />

muxlis darRvevas.<br />

I I. konvenciis 50-e muxlis gamoyeneba<br />

215. konvenciis 50-e muxli adgens:<br />

`Tu sasamarTlo daadgens, rom maRali xelSemkvreli mxaris samarTlebrivi<br />

organos an sxva organos mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba an RonisZieba<br />

mTlianad an nawilobriv ewinaaRmdegeba konvenciiT warmoSobil<br />

valdebulebebs, xolo Sesabamisi mxaris Sidasaxelmwifo samarTali<br />

gadawyvetilebis an RonisZiebis mxolod nawilobrivi gamosworebis<br />

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makqani gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

SesaZleblobas iZleva, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo dazaralebul<br />

mxares samarTlian dakmayofilebas miakuTvnebs.~<br />

216. ganmcxadeblebi moiTxovdnen zianis anazRaurebas imave doneze,<br />

rogorc amas inglisis kanonmdebloba saxelmwifo muSakis mier ukanonod<br />

moklul pirs mianiWebda. maT agreTve ikiTxes _ im SemTxvevaSi, Tu<br />

sasamarTlo daadgenda, rom maTi mkvleloba iyo rogorc ukanono, ise<br />

winaswar ganzraxuli, an iyo danaSaulebrivi upasuxismgeblobis Sedegi,<br />

miiRebdnen Tu ara daRupuli adamianebis axlo naTesavebi analogiuri<br />

donis kompensacias, rogorc es inglisis kanonmdeblobiT msgavsi<br />

SemTxvevebisTvisaa gaTvaliswinebuli.<br />

217. xarjebTan dakavSirebiT, isini iTxovdnen daRupvis Sedegad pirdapiri<br />

Tu arapirdapiri gziT warmoSobili xarjebis anazRaurebas, gibraltaris<br />

mokvlevis processa da strasburgis procesze naTesavebisa da advokatebis<br />

daswrebis xarjebis CaTvliT. advokatis xarjebi gibraltarSi Catarebuli<br />

mokvlevis procesisaTvis Seadgens 56 200 girvanqa sterlings, xolo<br />

strasburgis procesisaTvis _ 28 800 girvanqa sterlings. iuriskonsultma,<br />

strasburgis xarjebTan dakavSirebiT, 16 700 girvanqa sterlingi<br />

moiTxova.<br />

218. mTavroba amtkicebda, rom darRvevis dadgenis SemTxvevaSi,<br />

materialuri da aramaterialuri zianis finansuri saxiT kompensacia<br />

arasaWiro da Seusabamo iqneboda.<br />

strasburgis institutebidan gamomdinare xarjebTan dakavSirebiT isini<br />

amtkicebdnen, rom ganmcxadeblebs unda miakuTvnon mxolod is xarji,<br />

romelic faqtobrivad da saWiroebisaTvis uSualod maT gaiRes da<br />

romelic gonivrul farglebSi iqneboda. Tumca, gibraltarSi mokvlevis<br />

procesisaTvis gaweul xarjebTan dakavSirebiT isini acxadebdnen,<br />

rom (1) principuli TvalsazrisiT, Sidasaxelmwifo procedurebis<br />

xarjebi, mokvlevis xarjebis CaTvliT, ar unda anazRaurdes 50-e muxlis<br />

safuZvelze; (2) vinaidan ganmcxadebelTa iuridiuli warmomadgenlebi<br />

anazRaurebis gareSe moqmedebdnen, ar arsebobs ganmcxadeblebisaTvis<br />

kompensaciis mikuTvnebis safuZveli; (3) nebismier SemTxvevaSi, moTxovnili<br />

Tanxa ar iyo gamoangariSebuli mocemuli advokatis Cveulebrivi tarifis<br />

safuZvelze.<br />

A. materialuri da aramaterialuri ziani<br />

219. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom ganmcxadeblebis mier warmodgenili<br />

masalidan naTeli ar aris, maT mier finansuri kompensaciis moTxovna<br />

iTvaliswinebs materialur, aramaterialur zians, Tu orives erTad.<br />

nebismier SemTxvevaSi, im faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom sami eWvmitanili<br />

mokluli teroristi gibraltarSi bombis dadebas apirebda, sasamarTlos<br />

saWirod ar miaCnia kompensaciis gadaxda. aqedan gamomdinare, igi uaryofs<br />

ganmcxadebelTa moTxovnas zianTan mimarTebiT.<br />

aRniSnulis safuZvelze, sasamarTlo:<br />

1. aTi xmiT cxris winaaRmdeg adgens, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-2<br />

muxlis darRvevas;<br />

33

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

2. erTxmad adgens, rom gaerTianebulma samefom ganmcxadeblebs sami Tvis<br />

vadaSi unda gadauxados 38 700 (ocdaTvrameti aTas Svidasi) girvanqa<br />

sterlingi strasburgis procesze gaweuli xarjebisaTvis, gamoklebuli<br />

37 731 (ocdaCvidmeti aTas Svidas ocdaTerTmeti) franguli franki,<br />

rac konvertirebuli unda iqnes girvanqa sterlingebSi winamdebare<br />

gadawyvetilebis miRebis dRes arsebuli kursiT.<br />

3. erTxmad uaryofs ganmcxadebelTa saCivars zianis anazRaurebasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT;<br />

4. erTxmad uaryofs ganmcxadebelTa saCivars gibraltarSi Catarebuli<br />

mokvlevis procesis xarjebTan mimarTebiT;<br />

5. erTxmad uaryofs danarCen moTxovnebs samarTlian dakmayofilebasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT.<br />

Sesrulebulia inglisur da frangul enebze da sajarod gacxadebulia<br />

adamianis uflebaTa SenobaSi, strasburgSi, 1995 wlis 27 seqtembers.<br />

xelmowerilia: rolv risdali<br />

prezidenti<br />

xelmowerilia: erbert petzoldi<br />

registratori<br />

konvenciis 51-e muxlis me-2 punqtis da sasamarTlos reglamentis 53-e<br />

muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad, winamdebare gadawyvetilebas Tan erTvis<br />

mosamarTleebis – risdalis, berhardtis, Tor viljamsonis, golkuklus,<br />

palmis, pekanenis, sir jon frelandis, bakas da jamberkis erToblivi<br />

gansxvavebuli mosazreba.<br />

34

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makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

2. makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

(gancxadeba no. 28883/95)<br />

procedura<br />

1. saqme momdinareobs didi britaneTisa da CrdiloeT irlandiis<br />

gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg adamianis uflebaTa evropul komisiaSi<br />

(`komisia”) Setanili gancxadebidan (no. 28883/95) adamianis uflebaTa da<br />

ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis (`konvencia”) 25-e<br />

muxlis safuZvelze, romelic Seitana irlandiis moqalaqe qalbatonma<br />

eleanor kreanim 1993 wlis 7 marts. 1996 wlis noemberSi q-ni kreani<br />

gardaicvala. ganacxadTan dakavSirebul warmoebaSi, mis nacvlad, CaerTo<br />

misi vaJi jonaTan makkeri (`ganmcxadebeli”).<br />

saqmis faqtobrivi mxare (araoficialuri versia)<br />

1982 wlis 11 noembers gervaize makkeri marTavda mwvane ford eskorts,<br />

romelSic ijda ori mgzavri: iujin Tomani da Son bernsi. arc erTi maTgani<br />

ar iyo SeiaraRebuli. Tuligalis gzaze, ist lurganTan, sagangebod<br />

gawvrTnilma mobiluri daxmarebis sammarTvelos olsteris samefo<br />

policiis oficrebma gaxsnes cecxli da tyviamfrqvevis, sul mcire, 109<br />

jeri mimarTes manqanisken. manqanaSi myofi samive piri daiRupa.<br />

saqmis gamomZiebelma dakiTxa olsteris samefo policiis samive oficeri.<br />

maT CamoarTves werilobiTi Cvenebebi. am CvenebSi ar iyos naxsenebi, rom<br />

daRupuli pirebi imyofebodnen specialuri ganyofilebis oficrebis<br />

TvalTvalis qveS. arc is iyo aRniSnuli, rom dakiTxuli pirebi Tavad<br />

iyvnen am ganyofilebis warmomadgenlebi da rom maT hqondaT dazvervis<br />

monacemebi, sanam incidenti moxdeboda. mogvianebiT es aixsna imiT,<br />

rom unda aecilebinaT dazvervis monacemebis gasajaroeba, rac xels<br />

SeuSlida terorizmTan brZolas. saxelmwifo devnis direqtorma<br />

miiRo gadawyvetileba, rom samive oficris winaaRmdeg dawyebuliyo<br />

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTlis azriT,<br />

mis winaSe wardgenili mtkicebulebani ar adasturebda braldebulTa<br />

braleulobas da isini gaaTavisufla.<br />

1991 wlis 19 agvistos qalbatonma kreanim sarCeli Seitana olsteris<br />

samefo policiis ufrosis, konstablis winaaRmdeg da moiTxova zaralis<br />

anazRaureba misi meuRlisTvis policiis oficrebis mier miyenebuli<br />

fizikuri zianis gamo 1982 wlis 11 noembers Catarebuli operaciis dros.<br />

samarTali<br />

I. konvenciis me-2 muxlis savaraudo darRveva<br />

A. sasamarTlosTvis wardgenili mosazrebebi<br />

1. ganmcxadebeli<br />

100. ganmcxadeblis TqmiT, mamamisis sikvdili gamoiwvia olsteris samefo<br />

policiis (RUC) oficris mier Zalis arasaWiro da araproporciulma<br />

gamoyenebam da igi gaxda sasikvdilo gasrolis msxverpli policiis<br />

35

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

mxridan, romelic CrdiloeT irlandiaSi gaerTianebuli samefos saxeliT<br />

moqmedebda. man miuTiTa amnesti interneSenelis da human raits voCis<br />

moxsenebebze, agreTve, ufrosi policielis, jon stalkeris Cvenebebze,<br />

romelic aseT politikasTan dakavSirebul gancxadebebze awarmoebda<br />

gamoZiebas. igi amtkicebda, rom winamdebare saqme ar unda ganxiluliyo<br />

sxva saqmeebisagan izolirebulad, romlebic CrdiloeT irlandiaSi<br />

saxelmwifos samarTaldamcavi muSakebis mier Zalis sasikvdilo<br />

gamoyenebasTan iyo dakavSirebuli. am konteqstSi SeiZleba ganxilul<br />

iqnes sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegad adamianTa gardacvalebis<br />

faqtebis analizi 1969 – 1994 wlebSi, rodesac, iq gavrcelebuli praqtikis<br />

Sesabamisad, dakavebis nacvlad adgili hqonda eWvmitanilTa TviTnebur<br />

mkvlelobas. igi miuTiTebda informatorebisagan miRebuli informaciis<br />

safuZvelze SemuSavebuli winaswari dagegmvis saerTo maxasiaTeblebze,<br />

samxedro specialistTa an policiis danayofebis ganlagebasa da Zalis<br />

maqsimalur gamoyenebaze. winamdebare saqmeSi olsteris samefo policiis<br />

sagangebod gawvrTnilma oficrebma 109 jeriT manqanaSi mokles sami<br />

SeuiaraRebeli adamiani ise, rom, sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebis nacvlad,<br />

maTi dakaveba arc ucdiaT. es ar SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes rogorc Zalis<br />

minimaluri an proporciuli gamoyeneba.<br />

101. am da sxva saqmeTa arasaTanado gamoZieba mowmobs, rom saxelmwifos<br />

mxridan sasikvdilo Zalis ukanono gamoyenebisadmi Semgueblobas aqvs<br />

adgili. srolaSi CarTul policielebs ufleba hqondaT, daetovebinaT<br />

incidentis adgili TavianT iaraRTan erTad; sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa<br />

sagamoZiebo departaments (CID) didi dagvianebiT eZleoda policielTa<br />

dakiTxvis saSualeba; departamentis oficrebs araswor informacias<br />

awvdidnen srolis adgilis Sesaxeb; xSir SemTxvevaSi, ver aRmoaCines<br />

gasrolili masrebi; SemTxvevidan ocdaerTi Tvis Semdeg napovni iqna tyviis<br />

fragmenti, romliTac mZRoli mokles, igi kvlav manqanaSi iyo CarCenili,<br />

ar miuRiaT zomebi TviTmxilvelebis mosaZieblad. ganmcxadebeli<br />

miuTiTebda b-ni stalkeris wignSi aRweril sapolicio gamoZiebaze,<br />

romelic aRniSnavda, rom gamoZiebis meTodologia iyo gansacvifreblad<br />

dabali donis, rom policiis oficrebi azianebdnen SemTxvevis adgils da<br />

mniSvnelovnad abrkolebdnen gamoZiebas.<br />

102. ganmcxadebeli agreTve eyrdnoboda b-ni stalkeris moxsenebas,<br />

romelSic igi aRniSnavda, rom adamianTa daRupvis mis mier gamoZiebuli<br />

SemTxvevebi iyo ukanono da sasikvdilo gasrolis faruli politikis<br />

nawils warmoadgenda. amasTan, miuTiTebda maikl tifes daRupvis saqmis<br />

gamoZiebis Semdgom Seferxebaze, sadac TvalTvalis Canaweris kasetas<br />

uSiSroebis samsaxuris biuro (MI5) malavda. warmodgenili dasabuTebis<br />

Sesabamisad, sasikvdilo gasrolis politikis nawils warmoadgenda b-ni<br />

stalkeris mier gamoZiebuli sami SemTxveva. man ganacxada, rom arsebuli<br />

masalis detaluri SeswavliT naTeli gaxda, rom sicocxlis mospoba ar<br />

yofila absoluturi aucileblobiT gamowveuli Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegi.<br />

sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom Tu iyo raime gadasaWreli sakiTxi, mas sakuTari<br />

moqmedebiT unda moepovebina saWiro masala konvenciis 38-e muxlis 1-li<br />

punqtis Sesabamisad warmoebuli gamoZiebis meSveobiT.<br />

103. ganmcxadebelma, eyrdnoboda ra minesotas oqmiT dafuZnebul<br />

saerTaSoriso standartebs, ganacxada, rom daRupvis faqtze ar<br />

ganxorcielebula efeqtiani oficialuri gamoZieba. igi amtkicebda, rom<br />

olsteris samefo policiis mier warmoebuli gamoZieba iyo araadekvaturi<br />

36

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makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

da ganicdida damoukideblobisa da sajaroobis simwires. saxelmwifo<br />

braldebis direqtoris (DPP) roli olsteris samefo policiis mier<br />

warmoebuli gamoZiebiT iyo SezRuduli, xolo aseTi gamoZiebis safuZvelze<br />

ganxorcielebuli nebismieri devna ver aRmofxvrida arsebul xarvezebs.<br />

garda amisa, sasamarTlo procesze mosamarTlem saqme warmoebidan<br />

moxsna policiis muSakebis mosmenis gareSe da amasTan dakavSirebiT<br />

gaakeTa winaaRmdegobrivi komentarebi, romliTac arapirdapir ukanono<br />

mkvlelobebisadmi sasamarTlo mxardaWera gamoxata. Zaladobriv<br />

sikvdilze gamoZieba dagvianebiT daiwyo, mokvleva SezRudul farglebSi<br />

Catarda, naTesavebs xeli ar miuwvdebodaT samarTlebriv daxmarebaze,<br />

SezRuduli iyo xelmisawvdomoba dokumentebsa da mowmeTa Cvenebebze,<br />

uSiSroebis Zalebis an policiis mowmeebis mimarT ar iyenebdnen Cvenebis<br />

iZulebiT micemis iuridiul SesaZleblobas. mTavroba verc samoqalaqo<br />

saqmiswarmoebas daeyrdnoboda, radgan misi warmoeba damokidebuli iyo<br />

gardacvlilis ojaxis iniciativaze.<br />

2. mTavroba<br />

104. mTavroba, erTi mxriv, ar daeTanxma ganmcxadeblis saCivrebs me-2<br />

muxlis safuZvelze – rom mamamisi Zalis gadametebuli Tu gaumarTlebeli<br />

gamoyenebis Sedegad daiRupa. maT miiCnies, rom sasamarTlosTvis sruliad<br />

Seusabamo iqneboda, Tavad daedgina me-2 muxlis arsebiT sakiTxebTan<br />

dakavSirebuli faqtebi. amas, SesaZloa, mohyoloda evropis adamianis<br />

uflebaTa sasamarTlos mcdeloba, gadaeWra sakiTxebi, daekiTxa mowmeebi<br />

an ganexorcielebina saqmis mosmena, imavdroulad, roca amas CrdiloeT<br />

irlandiis umaRlesi sasamarTlo awarmoebda, rac urTierTSeusabamo<br />

daskvnebis gakeTebis realur safrTxes warmoqmnida. es ganmcxadebels<br />

xelsayreli sasamarTlo organos arCevis saSualebas miscemda da amiT<br />

zians miayenebda Sidasaxelmwifo saSualebebis amowurvis princips. isini<br />

amtkicebdnen, rom, nebismier SemTxvevaSi, mniSvnelovani praqtikuli<br />

sirTuleebis winaSe idga sasamarTlo, romelic me-2 muxlis arsebiT<br />

aspeqtebs ikvlevda, radgan faqtobrivi sakiTxebi iqneboda mravali da<br />

rTuli, cocxali mtkicebulebebiT da mowmeTa soliduri raodenobiT.<br />

pirveladi faqtebis mokvlevis procesi ar unda ganxorcieldes orjer,<br />

paralelurad, aseTi saqme iwvevs sasamarTlos droisa da saxsrebis xarjvas<br />

da safrTxis qveS ayenebs saqmes, roca masze ori procesi erTdroulad<br />

mimdinareobs.<br />

105. vinaidan ganmcxadebelma sasamarTlos mimarTa adamianTa sicocxlis<br />

xelyofis praqtikis da ara terorizmSi eWvmitanilTa dakavebis sakiTxis<br />

dadgenis mizniT, es gancxadeba kategoriulad iqna uaryofili. mTavroba<br />

amtkicebda, rom amgvari farTo xasiaTis gancxadeba, romelic kiTxvis<br />

niSnis qveS daayenebda bolo ocdaaTi wlis ganmavlobaSi ganxorcielebul<br />

yvela antiteroristul operacias, mniSvnelovnad scildeba<br />

warmodgenili gancxadebis farglebs da miuTiTebda sakiTxebze, romlebic<br />

am sasamarTlos winaSe ar unda damdgariyo. isini uaryofdnen policiis<br />

mxridan gamoZiebis xelSeSlis faqts da aRniSnavdnen, rom olsteris<br />

samefo policia b-ni stalkeris gancxadebebs arazustad miiCnevs,<br />

rameTu maTSi faqtebi damaxinjebulad aris warmodgenili (ix. zemoT,<br />

33-e punqti). SemTxvevis adgilis datoveba aucilebeli iyo oficerTa<br />

usafrTxoebisaTvis, xolo SemTxvevis adgilze yvela saWiro procedura<br />

37

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

Catarda. stalker/sempsonis mokvleva erTmniSvnelovnad amtkicebs,<br />

rom mTavroba mowadinebulia, daisajos damnaSave, vinc ar unda iyos igi.<br />

mokvlevis Sedegebma uCvena, rom adgili hqonda xelSeSlis garkveul<br />

faqtebs da imis gamo, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcieleba<br />

sajaro interesebSi ar Sedioda, rva oficris mimarT ganxorcielda<br />

disciplinuri samarTalwarmoeba (ix. zemoT, punqti 30).<br />

107. mTavrobam agreTve uaryo gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom Sidasaxelmwifo<br />

dacvis saSualebebi ar Seesabameboda me-2 muxlis moTxovnebs. isini<br />

amtkicebdnen, rom CrdiloeT irlandiaSi xelmisawvdomi procedurebis<br />

erToblioba am debulebis procedurul aspeqtebs akmayofilebda, kerZod,<br />

dauyovnebeli da detaluri sapolicio gamoZieba saxelmwifo devnis<br />

departamentis zedamxedvelobiT, sasamarTlo procesi, sagamoZiebo<br />

procedurebi da samoqalaqo saqmiswarmoeba. isini uzrunvelyofdnen<br />

proceduruli valdebulebis fundamentur mizans, radgan efeqtian<br />

angariSvaldebulebas awesebdnen samarTaldamcavi muSakebis mier<br />

sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebaze. es ar moiTxovda, rom msjavrisTvis<br />

mieRwiaT, aramed gamoZiebas unda hqonoda unari, safuZveli Seeqmna<br />

devnisaTvis, rac winamdebare gancxadebis sakiTxs warmoadgenda. isini<br />

agreTve miuTiTebdnen, rom yvela calkeuli saqme ganxiluli unda iqnes<br />

faqtebis Sesabamisad, radgan nebismieri proceduruli komponenti SeiZleba<br />

garemoebebis mixedviT icvlebodes. winamdebare saqmesTan dakavSirebiT<br />

maT ganacxades, rom arsebuli procedurebi mTlianobaSi uzrunvelyofda<br />

darRvevisagan dacvisaTvis saWiro efeqtianobas, damoukideblobasa da<br />

gamWvirvalobas.<br />

B. sasamarTlos Sefaseba<br />

1. zogadi principebi<br />

109. me-2 muxliT uzrunvelyofili dacvis mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

sasamarTlom sicocxlis xelyofa gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT unda<br />

ganixilos da, saxelmwifo muSakTa qmedebebTan erTad, mxedvelobaSi<br />

unda iqnes miRebuli arsebuli garemoebebi. rodesac movlenasTan<br />

dakavSirebul informacias mTlianad an mis umetes nawils xelisufleba<br />

flobs, faqtebTan mimarTebiT Zlieri varaudi warmoiSoba, magaliTad,<br />

iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac adgili aqvs maT mier datusaRebuli pirebis<br />

dasaxiCrebas an gardacvalebas. udavoa, rom mtkicebis tvirTi modis<br />

xelisuflebaze, romelmac saTanado damajerebeli axsna-ganmarteba unda<br />

warmoadginos (ix. salmani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, no. 21986/93, § 100, ECHR<br />

2000-VII; da agreTve Cakiji TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, no. 23531/94, § 82, ECHR<br />

2000-VI).<br />

110. mTlianobaSi wakiTxviT me-2 muxlis teqsti uCvenebs, rom igi moicavs<br />

ara mxolod ganzrax mkvlelobebs, aramed im situaciebsac, rodesac<br />

dasaSvebia `Zalis gamoyeneba~, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios sicocxlis<br />

xelyofa, rogorc ara winaswar ganzraxuli Sedegi. Tumca, sasikvdilo Zalis<br />

ganzrax an mizanmimarTulad gamoyeneba mxolod erTi faqtoria, romelic<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes misi aucileblobis Sefasebisas. Zalis<br />

nebismieri gamoyeneba ar unda aRematebodes `absolutur aucileblobas”,<br />

romelic saWiroa `a~, `b~ da `g~ qvepunqtebSi CamoTvlili erTi an meti miznis<br />

misaRwevad. es termini miuTiTebs, rom Cveulebrivisagan gansxvavebuli<br />

38

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makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

aucileblobis ufro mkacri testi unda iqnes gamoyenebuli, rodesac<br />

dgindeba, aris Tu ara saxelmwifos qmedeba `aucilebeli demokratiuli<br />

sazogadoebisaTvis~ konvenciis me-8 – me-11 muxlebis me-2 punqtebis<br />

safuZvelze. Sesabamisad, gamoyenebuli Zala mkacrad proporciuli unda<br />

iyos dasaSvebi miznebis misaRwevad (ix. zemoT makkani da sxvebi, gv. 46, §§<br />

148-49).<br />

111. konvenciis me-2 muxliT daculi sicocxlis ufleba, konvenciis 1-li<br />

muxlis safuZvelze warmoSobili saxelmwifos zogad valdebulebasTan<br />

erTad wakiTxviT _ rac mdgomareobs imaSi, rom saxelmwifoebi TavianTi<br />

iurisdiqciis farglebSi yvelasaTvis uzrunvelyofen konvenciiT<br />

gansazRvrul uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs _ agreTve moiTxovs, rom<br />

Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegad individualur pirTa sicocxlis xelyofis<br />

SemTxvevebisTvis unda arsebobdes efeqtiani oficialuri gamoZiebis<br />

garkveuli forma (ix. zemoT, mutatis mutandis, makkani da sxvebi, gv. 49, § 161<br />

da kaia TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 19 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba,<br />

ganaCenebi da gadawyvetilebebi 1998-I, gv. 329, § 105). aseTi gamoZieba<br />

miznad isaxavs efeqtian implementacias im Sidasaxelmwifo kanonebisa,<br />

romlebic sicocxles icavs iseT situaciebSi, sadac Careulni arian<br />

saxelmwifos muSakebi an organoebi, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnes maTi<br />

angariSvaldebuleba sicocxlis xelyofis im SemTxvevebze, romlebic maTi<br />

pasuxismgeblobiT moxda. am miznebis misaRwevad gamoyenebuli gamoZiebis<br />

saxe SeiZleba garemoebebis mixedviT icvlebodes. Tumca, gamoyenebuli<br />

formis miuxedavad, xelisuflebam Tavad unda imoqmedos, rogorc ki<br />

sakiTxi maTi yuradRebis qveS moeqceva. man igi ar unda datovos naTesavebisa<br />

da axloblebis oficialuri saCivris an maT mier ganxorcielebuli raime<br />

sagamoZiebo procedurebis imedze (ix. mag. mutatis mutandis, ilhani TurqeTis<br />

winaaRmdeg, no. 22277/93, § 63, ECHR 2000-VII).<br />

112. saxelmwifos muSakTa mier sicocxlis savaraudo ukanono xelyofis<br />

gamoZiebis qmediTobisaTvis, zogadad, miCneulia, rom aucilebelia misi<br />

ganxorcieleba masze pasuxismgebeli pirebis mimarT, xolo warmoebuli<br />

gamoZieba unda iyos damoukidebeli movlenaSi CarTuli pirebisagan (ix.<br />

mag. guleCi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 27 ivlisis gadawyvetileba,<br />

moxsenebebi 1998-IV, gv. 1733, §§ 81-82 da oguri TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, no.<br />

21594/93, §§ 91-92, ECHR 1999-III). es niSnavs, rom, ierarqiuli an instituciuri<br />

kavSiris ararsebobasTan erTad, uzrunvelyofili unda iqnes mkafio<br />

damoukidebloba (ix. mag. ergi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 28 ivlisis<br />

gadawyvetileba, moxsenebebi 1998-IV, gv. 1778-79, §§ 83-84, sadac, savaraudod,<br />

Setakebis dros daRupuli gogonas saqmis gamoZiebisas, prokurorma<br />

damoukidebloba ver uzrunvelyo, vinaidan igi ZiriTadad daeyrdno<br />

incidentSi monawile Jandarmebis mier miwodebul informacias).<br />

113. gamoZieba efeqtiani unda iyos im TvalsazrisiTac, rom uCvenos, Tu<br />

ramdenad unarianad Seuwyo man xeli imis dadgenas, aseT SemTxvevebSi<br />

gamoyenebuli Zala iyo Tu ara gamarTlebuli arsebuli garemoebebiT<br />

(ix. mag. zemoT, kaias saqme, gv. 324, § 87) da moxda Tu ara pasuxismgebelTa<br />

identificireba da dasja. es aris ara Sedegis, aramed saSualebebis<br />

valdebuleba. xelisuflebam yvela gonivruli nabiji unda gadadgas<br />

incidentTan dakavSirebuli mtkicebulebebis uzrunvelsayofad, maT<br />

Soris aris, inter alia, TviTmxilvelTa Cvenebebi, samedicino eqspertizis<br />

masalebi da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gvamis gakveTis Sedegebi, sadac<br />

mocemuli iqneba dazianebis sruli da zusti angariSi da obieqturi<br />

39

---

sicocxlis ufleba<br />

klinikuri daskvnebi, sikvdilis gamomwvevi mizezis CaTvliT (gvamis<br />

gakveTasTan dakavSirebiT, mag. ix. zemoT, salmanis saqme, § 106; mowmeebTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, mag. tanrikulu TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, no. 23763/94, §<br />

109, ECHR 1999-IV; da sasamarTlo eqspertizasTan dakavSirebiT, mag.<br />

guli TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, no. 22676/93, § 89, 2000 wlis 14 dekembris<br />

gadawyvetileba /gadawyvetilebebis krebulSi gamoqveynebuli ar aris/).<br />

gamoZiebis nebismieri xarvezi, romelic akninebs mis unars, daadginos<br />

sikvdilis gamomwvevi mizezi an gamoavlinos pasuxismgebeli piri, qmnis<br />

risks, rom ganxorcielebuli gamoZieba standartis Seusabamo iqneba.<br />

114. dauyovneblobisa da gonivruli siswrafis moTxovna TavisTavad<br />

igulisxmeba am konteqstSi (ix. iaSa TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 2<br />

seqtembris gadawyvetileba, moxsenebebi 1998-VI, gv. 2439-40, §§ 102-04;<br />

Cakijis saqme, cit. zemoT, §§ 80, 87 da 106; tanrikulus saqme, citata<br />

zemoT, § 109; da mahmud kaia TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, no. 22535/93, §§ 106-07,<br />

ECHR 2000-III). dasaSvebi unda iyos, rom nebismier konkretul situaciaSi<br />

SeiZleba arsebobdes gamoZiebis mimdinareobis damabrkolebeli da<br />

xelSemSleli faqtorebi. Tumca, xelisuflebis mier sasikvdilo Zalis<br />

gamoyenebis SemTxvevebis gamoZiebaze dauyovneblivi reagireba, zogadad,<br />

SeiZleba aRqmuli iqnes, rogorc sazogadoebis ndobis erT-erTi mTavari<br />

faqtori, ramac sazogadoeba unda daarwmunos, rom xelisufleba kanonis<br />

uzenaesobis erTgulia da ibrZvis ukanono qmedebebisadmi Semgueblobis<br />

winaaRmdeg.<br />

115. amave mizniT, unda arsebobdes gamoZiebasa an mis Sedegebze<br />

sazogadoebrivi kontrolis qmediTi elementi, raTa uzrunvelyofili<br />

iqnes angariSvaldebuleba rogorc praqtikuli, ise Teoriuli<br />

TvalsazrisiT. sazogadoebrivi kontrolis xarisxi SeiZleba TiToeul<br />

saqmeze gansxvavebuli iyos. Tumca, yvela SemTxvevaSi, procesSi CarTuli<br />

unda iyos msxverplis axlo naTesavi, im farglebSi, romelic uzrunvelyofs<br />

misi kanonieri interesebis dacvas (ix. guleCis saqme, citata zemoT,<br />

gv. 1733, § 82, sadac msxverplis mamas ar Seatyobines, rom miRebuli iqna<br />

gadawyvetileba devnis ardawyebis Sesaxeb; oguris saqme, citata zemoT,<br />

§ 92, sadac msxverplis ojaxs xelmisawvdomoba ar hqonda gamoZiebisa da<br />

sasamarTlos dokumentebTan; da gulis saqme, citata zemoT, § 93).<br />

2. gancxadeba winamdebare saqmeSi<br />

(a) gervaise makkeris daRupvaze saxelmwifos savaraudo pasuxismgeblobis<br />

Sesaxeb<br />

116. davas ar iwvevs is faqti, rom gervaise makkeri SeiaraRebuli ar iyo,<br />

roca igi policiis oficrebma mokles. sasikvdilo Zalis amgvari gamoyeneba<br />

pirdapir jdeba me-2 muxlis farglebSi, romelic moiTxovs, rom nebismieri<br />

aseTi qmedeba Seesabamebodes muxlis meore punqtiT dadgenil romelime<br />

mizans da iyos absoluturad aucilebeli am miznisTvis. winamdebare<br />

saqmeSi faqtebTan dakavSirebiT mTeli rigi sakiTxebi warmoiSoba, kerZod,<br />

moqmedebdnen Tu ara oficrebi patiosani rwmeniT, romelic saTanado<br />

safuZvlebs emyareboda, magram SemdgomSi Secdoma aRmoCnda, kerZod<br />

is, rom maT safrTxes uqmnida gervaise makkeri an sxva adamiani, romelic<br />

manqanaSi ijda. am sakiTxis dasadgenad saWiro iqneboda, ganxiluliyo: 1)<br />

SesaZlebloba imisa, rom, rikoSetis Sedegad Seqmnili STabeWdilebiT,<br />

40

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makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

manqanaSi iaraRma gaielva, ris safuZvelzec, oficrebma daaskvnes, rom<br />

manqanaSi msxdom mamakacebs iaraRi hqondaT da amitom isini riskis qveS<br />

imyofebodnen; da 2) iyo Tu ara dakavebis mcdelobis raime SesaZlebloba.<br />

mTel rig mowmeTa sandooba da saimedooba, saxeldobr, im oficris,<br />

romelmac cecxli gaxsna, gadamwyvet rols Seasrulebs.<br />

117. yvela es sakiTxi amJamad mokvlevis procesSia qalbaton eleanora<br />

kreanis mier Setanili samoqalaqo sarCelis safuZvelze da grZeldeba<br />

ganmcxadeblis mier ukanono qmedebiT gamowveuli sicocxlis xelyofis<br />

gamo. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom winamdebare saqmis garemoebebis fonze,<br />

sasurveli ar iqneboda, da konvenciiT misdami miniWebuli subsidiuri<br />

rolis sawinaaRmdegod imoqmedebda, misi nebismieri mcdeloba faqtebis<br />

dasadgenad, mis mier mokvlevis Catarebis mizniT mowmeTa gamoZaxebis<br />

meSveobiT. amgvari moqmedeba gamoiwvevda samoqalaqo sasamarTloSi<br />

mimdinare saqmiswarmoebis dublirebas, romelic ukeT aris aRWurvili,<br />

rogorc faqtebis damdgeni tribunali. miuxedavad imisa, rom adamianis<br />

uflebaTa evropul komisias faqtebis momkvlevi misiebi adre gagzavnili<br />

hyavda TurqeTSi, sadac mimdinareobda procesi uSiSroebis Zalebis<br />

mier savaraudo ukanono mkvlelobis saqmeebze, sasamarTlom SeiZleba<br />

miuTiTos, rom es iyo sisxlis samarTlis procesebi da im droisaTvis,<br />

rodesac sasamarTlo gancxadebas ixilavda, isini Sewyda, minimum, pirvel<br />

instanciaSi. im saqmeebSi ganmcxadeblis saCivris ZiriTad aspeqts<br />

warmoadgenda is, rom mimdinare gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis procesis<br />

efeqtianobaze imoqmedebda (ix. mag. salmanis saqme, citata zemoT, § 107,<br />

sadac policiis oficrebi gaamarTles wamebis saqmeze, radgan ar iyo<br />

mtkicebuleba uSualod gvamis gakveTis araswori proceduris gamo; da<br />

gulis saqme, citata zemoT, § 89, sadac SemTxvevis adgilisa da gvamis<br />

sasamarTlo eqspertizis procedurebiT xeli SeeSala movlenaTa jerovan<br />

dadgenas).<br />

118. winamdebare saqmeSi sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom ar aris raime konkretuli<br />

faqtori, romelic samoqalaqo sasamarTloebs faqtebis da gervaise<br />

makkeris sikvdilis ukanonobis/kanonierebis dadgenis SesaZleblobas<br />

SeuzRudavda (ix. qvemoT punqtebi 124-126, romelic exeba ganmcxadeblis<br />

saCivars sapolicio gamoZiebis xarvezebis Sesaxeb). miuxedavad imisa, rom,<br />

rogorc Cans, ganmcxadebeli am procesebs gansakuTrebuli mondomebiT ar<br />

misdevs, isini gauqmebuli ar aris. Tundac saeWvo iyos, rom movlenebidan<br />

oci wlis gasvlis Semdeg samoqalaqo sasamarTlo moaxerxebs, erTmaneTTan<br />

daakavSiros mtkicebulebebi, yvela aseTi mcdeloba unda ganxorcieldes<br />

Sidasaxelmwifo organoSi da ara saerTaSoriso marTlmsajulebis<br />

doneze.<br />

119. ganmcxadeblis mamis sikvdilze pasuxismgeblis dadgenisas,<br />

sasamarTlos jerovnad ar miaCnia, daeyrdnos mxareebis mier warmodgenil<br />

dokumentur masalas. mravali werilobiTi angariSi da dokumentebSi<br />

warmodgenili gancxadebebi Semowmebuli ar aris gamokvlevebis an jvaredini<br />

dakiTxvebis meSveobiT da SeiZleba nebismier aseT mcdelobas arasruli<br />

da mcdari safuZveli Seuqmnas. es situacia ar SeiZleba, gauTanabrdes<br />

tusaRobaSi damdgari sikvdilis SemTxvevebs, sadac saxelmwifoze<br />

modis mtkicebulebis tvirTi, warmoadginos damakmayofilebeli da<br />

damajerebeli axsna-ganmarteba.<br />

41

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

120. sasamarTlo agreTve mzad ar aris, ZiriTadad statistikuri<br />

informaciisa da SerCeviTi mtkicebulebis safuZvelze moaxdinos<br />

bolo ocdaaTi wlis ganmavlobaSi momxdari incidentebis analizi,<br />

raTa daadginos, avlenen Tu ara isini uSiSroebis Zalebis mier Zalis<br />

araproporciuli gamoyenebis praqtikas. es mniSvnelovnad gascdeboda<br />

winamdebare gancxadebis farglebs.<br />

121. piriqiT, mTavrobis argumentTan dakavSirebiT _ rom samoqalaqo<br />

procesis SesaZlebloba ganmcxadebels uzrunvelyofs saSualebiT,<br />

romelic jer ar amowurula, rogorc es konvenciis 35-e muxlis 1-li<br />

punqtiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli da rom, aqedan gamomdinare, me-2 muxlis<br />

safuZvelze saqmis Semdgomi Seswavla ar moiTxoveba _ sasamarTlo<br />

miuTiTebs, rom me-2 muxlis safuZvelze saxelmwifos valdebulebebi<br />

ver dakmayofildeba mxolod zianis anazRaurebiT (ix. mag. kaias saqme,<br />

citata zemoT, gv. 329, § 105, da iaSas saqme, citata zemoT, gv. 2431, §<br />

74). konvenciis me-2 da me-13 muxlebiT moTxovnili gamoZiebiT unda<br />

moxdes pasuxismgebelTa identificireba da dasja. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />

sasamarTlo qvemoT ganixilavs, aris Tu ara Sesabamisoba konvenciis me-2<br />

muxlis am procedurul aspeqtTan.<br />

(b) konvenciis me-2 muxlis safuZvelze warmoSobili proceduruli<br />

valdebulebis Sesaxeb<br />

122. gervaise makkerisa da manqanaSi msxdomi ori sxva mamakacis sikvdilis<br />

faqtze gamoZieba olsteris samefo policiam daiwyo. am gamoZiebis<br />

safuZvelze saxelmwifo devnis departamentma miiRo gadawyvetileba,<br />

devna daewyo sami oficris mimarT. isini gamarTlebuli iqnen sisxlis<br />

samarTlis sasamarTlos mier. sapolicio gamoZiebisaTvis xelSeSlaze<br />

arsebuli eWvis gamo, damoukidebeli sapolicio mokvleva daiwyo am da<br />

kidev or sxva incidentze. es gamoZieba daiwyo 1984 wlis 4 ivniss da 1994<br />

wlis 8 seqtembers dasrulda raime konkretuli daskvnis miRebis gareSe.<br />

123. ganmcxadebelma mravali saCivari Seitana am procedurebTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, xolo mTavroba amtkicebda, rom, Tu romelime proceduriT<br />

ver moxerxda konkretuli dacvis uzrunvelyofa, mTlianobaSi sistema<br />

uzrunvelyofda policiis yvela saxis angariSvaldebulebas ukanono<br />

qmedebebisaTvis.<br />

42<br />

(i) policiuri gamoZieba<br />

124. pirveli _ policiur gamoZiebasTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlos miaCnia,<br />

rom procedurebTan dakavSirebiT ganmcxadeblis kritika ZiriTadad<br />

dafuZnebulia b-ni stalkeris wignze. Tumca, olsteris samefo policiam<br />

1990 wlis moxsenebaSi sadavod miiCnia daskvnebi, romlebic man 1984-1985<br />

wlebSi mis mier Catarebuli mokvlevis Sedegad gaakeTa. amiT gasagebi xdeba<br />

garkveuli sakiTxebi, romlebic ganmcxadebelma wamoWra. magaliTad, is,<br />

rom dakarguli masrebi ver ipoves, SeiZleba gamowveuli iyo TqeSi wvimiT,<br />

romelmac isini drenaJis arxSi Carecxa, xolo incidentis adgilis mcdari<br />

identificireba swrafad gamosworda. meore mxriv, olsteris samefo<br />

policia amtkicebda, rom b-ni stalkeri, ubralod, Seusabamod iqceoda an<br />

Secdomas uSvebda.

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makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

125. sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia, gadawyvetileba miiRos<br />

urTierTsawinaaRmdego gancxadebebze, sadac zogi maTgani sxvebze<br />

SedarebiT ufro seriozulia. magaliTad, ver dadasturda, rom<br />

olsteris samefo policias ar uZebnia, an ver ipova saTanado mowmeebi.<br />

mimarTes sazogadoebas da gamokiTxuli iqna adgilobrivi mosaxleoba.<br />

gadaWarbebuli mniSvneloba ar unda mieniWos im faqts, rom batonma<br />

stalkerma erTi potenciuri mowme ipova, romelsac olsteris policia ar<br />

dakavSirebia.<br />

126. miuxedavad amisa, davas ar iwvevs is faqti, rom policiis oficrebis<br />

iaraRi SemTxvevis adgilis Semswavleli oficrisaTvis momdevno dRemde<br />

ar gadauciaT da oficrebi 1982 wlis 15 noembramde, anu incidentidan<br />

sami-oTxi dRis ganmavlobaSi, ar daukiTxavT. Tumca, araferi mianiSnebs,<br />

iaraRTan dakavSirebuli drois intervali ramdenime saaTs Seadgenda Tu<br />

ufro xangrZliv periods. SeiZleba gasakviri iyos, rom iaraRis Cabareba<br />

umokles droSi ar mouTxoviaT da arc oficrebi daukiTxavT ufro adreul<br />

stadiaze. mTavrobam ganacxada, rom es gamomZiebeli oficris gaazrebuli<br />

gadawyvetileba gaxldaT, romelsac surda, oficrebis gamokiTxvamde sxva<br />

mtkicebulebebi Seegrovebina. SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom sxva gamokiTxvebic,<br />

romlebsac sicxade unda Seetana sasamarTlo eqspertizis daskvnebSi, gvian<br />

Catarda. amitom mTlianobaSi naTeli ar aris, ratom iyo saWiro oficrebis<br />

gamokiTxvis ramdenime dRiT dagvianeba. Tumca, ar aris raime miniSneba,<br />

rom iaraRis gamoyenebis an gasrolis raodenobasTan dakavSirebiT<br />

Catarebuli sasamarTlo eqspertizis Sedegad raime sirTule wamoiWra.<br />

gamoZiebisaTvis mTlianobaSi seriozuli ziani ar miuyenebia potenciuri<br />

ZiriTadi eWvmitanilebis gamokiTxvis ramdenime dRiT dagvianebasac.<br />

Tumca, igi garkveul wonas aniWebs mtkicebas, rom policiis oficrebis mier<br />

sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebis saqmis gamoZieba xarisxobrivad gansxvavdeba<br />

samoqalaqo eWvmitanilebis mimarT warmoebuli gamoZiebisagan.<br />

127. aseve cxadia, rom samma policielma miiRo instruqcia, gamoZiebaSi<br />

CarTuli olsteris samefo policiis oficrebisaTvis ar gaemJRavnebina<br />

garkveuli informacia, kerZod is, rom isini gansakuTrebuli qvedanayofis<br />

oficrebi iyvnen da sadazvervo operaciebis Sedegad mopovebul<br />

informaciaze muSaobdnen. rogorc mTavroba acxadebs, olsteris policiis<br />

gamomZieblebma es aRmoaCines. amas mohyva Semdgomi mokvleva, romelmac<br />

gamoavlina gamoZiebisTvis xelis SeSlis mtkicebuleba, rac TavisTavad<br />

sisxlis samarTlis danaSauls warmoadgens da Semdgomi disciplinuri<br />

warmoeba. cnobili ar aris, Semdgomi mokvlevebiT gamovlinda Tu ara<br />

policiis oficrebis mxridan gamoZiebisagan informaciis damalvis<br />

an gamoZiebisaTvis xelSeSlis mcdelobis damatebiTi SemTxvevebi,<br />

radgan stalkeris da sempsonis moxsenebebi sajarod ar gamoqveynebula.<br />

Tumca, seriozul SeSfoTebas iwvevs is faqti, rom, maRali Cinis<br />

oficrebis instruqciiT, adgili hqonda gamoZiebisagan informaciis<br />

damalvis mcdelobas. igi warmoSobs kanonier eWvs gamoZiebis procesis<br />

miukerZoeblobasTan mimarTebiT.<br />

128. amgvar konteqstSi wina planze iwevs gaumarTlebeli zemoqmedebisa da<br />

miukerZoeblobis simwirisagan dacvis saWiroebis sakiTxi. unda aRiniSnos,<br />

rom olsteris policielTa mier sicocxlis xelyofis SemTxvevis<br />

gamoZiebas xelmZRvanelobdnen da awarmoebdnen olsteris policiis<br />

sxva oficrebi. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, Tumca, am sakiTxze raime pirdapiri<br />

gancxadebebi ar gakeTebula, rom am gamoZiebas, rogorc amas kanoni<br />

43

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

moiTxovs, zedamxedvelobas uwevda ICPC - damoukidebeli policiis<br />

monitoringis organo. maTi Tanxmoba aucilebeli iqneboda gamoZiebis<br />

xelmZRvaneli oficrisaTvis da, rogorc Cans, maT gamoZiebis warmoeba<br />

damakmayofileblad Seafases. Tumca, arsebobda ierarqiuli kavSiri<br />

gamomZiebel oficrebsa da im oficrebs Soris, romelTa mimarTac gamoZieba<br />

warmoebda _ yvela maTgani olsteris samefo policiis ufros konstebls<br />

eqvemdebareboda, romelic monawileobda nebismieri disciplinuri Tu<br />

sisxlis samarTlis procesis organizebaSi (ix. zemoT punqti 82-84). Tumca,<br />

ICPC-is uflebamosileba _ olsteris policiis ufrosi konsteblisaTvis<br />

moeTxova gamoZiebis angariSis devnis departamentSi gadagzavna, raTa<br />

sisxlissamarTlebriv devnaze gadawyvetileba mieRoT an disciplinuri<br />

samarTalwarmoeba daewyoT _ ar aris jerovani dacvis meqanizmi. es<br />

gansakuTrebiT exeba im SemTxvevebs, roca TviT gamoZieba, yvela praqtikuli<br />

miznidan gamomdinare, ganxorcielda policiis oficrebis mier, romlebic<br />

dakavSirebuli iyvnen im policiis oficrebTan, romelTa mimarTac<br />

gamoZieba warmoebda. sasamarTlo miuTiTebs CPT-is rekomendaciaze,<br />

sadac naTqvamia, rom sruliad damoukidebeli sagamoZiebo dawesebuleba<br />

daexmareboda ndobis ganmtkicebas sistemaSi, romelic arsebobs inglissa<br />

da uelsSi da mraval aspeqtSi erTmaneTis msgavsia (ix. zemoT punqti 98).<br />

129. rac Seexeba sazogadoebis kontrolis deficits policiis<br />

gamoZiebebze, sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom mgrZnobiare informaciis Semcveli<br />

policiis moxsenebebisa da gamoZiebis masalebis gamoqveynebam SeiZleba<br />

ziani miayenos kerZo pirebs an sxva saqmeTa gamoZiebas. amitom ar SeiZleba<br />

ganxilul iqnes, rogorc avtomaturi moTxovna me-2 muxlis safuZvelze.<br />

sazogadoebis an dazaralebulis naTesavebisTvis saWiro CarTuloba am<br />

procesSi SeiZleba uzrunvelyofil iqnes arsebuli procedurebis sxva<br />

stadiebze.<br />

44<br />

(ii) saxelmwifo devnis direqtoris (DPP) roli<br />

130. sasamarTlo miuTiTebs, rom DPP aris damoukidebeli iuristi, romelsac<br />

evaleba, gadawyvitos, aRiZras Tu ara devna policiis oficris mier<br />

ganxorcielebul nebismier sisxlis samarTlis savaraudo darRvevaze. mas<br />

ar moeTxoveba, daasabuTos devnis araRZvris gadawyvetileba da am saqmeSi<br />

mas es ase ar gaukeTebia. CrdiloeT irlandiaSi ar arsebobs gaprotestebis<br />

procedura, rom sasamarTlo zedamxedvelobis meSveobiT mas moeTxovos<br />

dasabuTebis warmodgena. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom inglissa da<br />

uelsSi, sadac gamoZiebis msajulebs SeuZliaT, gamoitanon ukanono<br />

mkvlelobis verdiqti, sasamarTloebs mouTxoviaT saxelmwifo braldebis<br />

direqtorisaTvis, gadaexeda devnis araRZvris gadawyvetilebisaTvis aseTi<br />

verdiqtis gaTvaliswinebiT. msgavsi SesaZlebloba CrdiloeT irlandiaSi<br />

ar arsebobs. gamoZiebis msajulebs aq aRar aqvT ufleba, gamoitanon<br />

verdiqti sicocxlis xelyofis kanonierebaze an _ piriqiT.<br />

131. sasamarTlos eWvi ar epareba saxelmwifo braldebis direqtoris<br />

damoukideblobaSi. winamdebare saqmeSi man gamosca brZaneba sami oficris<br />

mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb. aqedan<br />

gamomdinare, ar warmoiSoba raime kiTxva devnis araRZvris gadawyvetilebis<br />

gamWvirvalobasTan mimarTebiT. miuxedavad amisa, ganmcxadebeli<br />

amtkicebs, rom saxelmwifo devnis direqtoris gadawyvetileba ar<br />

SeiZleboda ganxiluliyo, rogorc sapolicio gamoZiebis xarvezebis

---

makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

gamosworebis saSualeba. Tumca, mis xelT arsebuli masalebis safuZvelze,<br />

sasamarTlo ver daaskvnis, rom gamoZiebas hqonda raime mniSvnelovani<br />

xarvezi, romelmac Tavidanve SeuSala xeli devnas (ab initio) an ziani miayena<br />

mis efeqtianobas.<br />

132. sasamarTlo qvemoT ganixilavs, sisxlis samarTlis saqmiswarmoebiT<br />

uzrunvelyofil iqna Tu ara konvenciis me-2 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

gamoZieba.<br />

(iii) sisxlis samarTlis saqmiswarmoeba policiis sami oficris mimarT<br />

133. rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli (ix. punqti 113), saxelmwifo muSakebis mier<br />

sicocxlis xelyofis SemTxvevis gamoZiebis gadamwyvet aspeqts warmoadgens<br />

is, rom mis safuZvelze unda ganxorcieldes sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna<br />

da daisajon mkvlelobaze pasuxismgebeli pirebi. winamdebare saqmeSi<br />

policiis sam oficers daedo brali incidentSi monawile mamakacebidan<br />

erT-erTis mkvlelobisTvis, savaraudod, taqtikuri mizezebis gamo.<br />

cxadia, rom mTlianobaSi prokuroris mier incidentTan dakavSirebiT<br />

warmodgenili mtkicebulebebi da mosamarTlis gadawyvetileba miuTiTebda<br />

samive mamakacis mkvlelobaze. sasamarTlo procesi msjavris dadebiT rom<br />

dasrulebuliyo, masSi, arapirdapir mainc, gaTvaliswinebuli iqneboda<br />

ganmcxadeblis mamis daRupvac da, savaraudod, dakmayofildeboda me-2<br />

muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebi _ sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna da<br />

dasja.<br />

134. movlenaTa Cveulebrivi msvlelobisas, sisxlis samarTlis<br />

saqmiswarmoeba, SejibrebiTobis principze dafuZnebuli damoukidebeli<br />

da miukerZoebeli mosamarTlis winaSe, ganxiluli unda iqnes, rogorc<br />

faqtebis dadgenisa da sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis miniWebis<br />

efeqtiani procedurebis mtkice damcavi meqanizmi. ganmcxadeblis<br />

TqmiT, mosamarTlem oficrebi gaamarTla im safuZvliT, rom `saqme ar<br />

iTvaliswinebda pasuxismgeblobas~, amasTan, igi ar daeloda dacvis mxaris<br />

mosmenas, kerZod, oficerTa zepir Cvenebebs. garda amisa, man sasamarTlos<br />

yuradReba miapyro mosamarTlis komentarebze, romlebmac mniSvnelovani<br />

winaaRmdegoba warmoSva, rac gamoixateboda imaSi, rom igi qebas uZRvnida<br />

sam oficers, romlebmac irlandiis respublikuri armiis wevrobaSi<br />

eWvmitanili sami SeuiaraRebeli adamiani im qveynad gaamgzavres.<br />

135. simarTles Seesabameba is faqti, rom sami oficris angariSebSi<br />

mkvlelobebTan dakavSirebiT gakeTebuli gancxadebebis gamokvleva an<br />

jvaredini dakiTxva ar Catarebula. Tumca, am sasamarTlos kompetenciaSi<br />

ar Sedis, sakuTari mosazrebiT Caanacvlos sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlos<br />

gadawyvetileba imasTan dakavSirebiT, warmoadgina Tu ara bralmdebelma<br />

sakmarisi mtkicebuleba, romelzec dacvis mxares unda gaeca pasuxi.<br />

sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlom moismina Cvenebebi da mas hqonda<br />

mtkicebulebaTa saerTo suraTis Sefasebis ufro kargi SesaZlebloba,<br />

vidre am sasamarTlos SeiZleba hqondes gvian etapze. miuxedavad imisa,<br />

rom SeiZleba gasagebi iyos, Tu ratom aRiqves mtkivneulad mosamarTlis<br />

komentarebi, igi ar SeiZleba miuTiTebdes miukerZoeblobis naklebobaze.<br />

mosamarTlis daskvna, rom Zalis gamoyeneba iyo gonivruli, ar warmoSobs<br />

ukanono mkvlelobebisadmi Semgueblobas.<br />

45

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

136. Tumca, sisxlis samarTlis saqmiswarmoeba sami oficris sisxlis<br />

samarTlis pasuxismgeblobiT Semoifargla. ganmcxadebeli, eyrdnoboda<br />

ra minesotas oqms (ix. zemoT, punqti 97), amtkicebda, rom sasamarTlo<br />

process ar hqonda unari, ganexila mkvlelobebSi oficialuri Carevis<br />

sxva aspeqtebTan dakavSirebuli problemebi. erT-erT aseT aspeqts<br />

warmoadgenda maRalCinosani oficris winaswargansazRvruli instruqcia,<br />

romelic man eWvmitanilebs misca, kerZod, daemalaT informacia<br />

gamomZiebeli oficrebisaTvis, ramac dabada eWvi _ xom ar hqonda adgili<br />

sxva informaciis damalvas an xelSeSlas. kidev erT aspeqts warmoadgens<br />

is faqti, rom erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi armafSi ori sxva incidentic<br />

moxda _ specialuri mobiluri qvedanayofis oficrebma sasikvdilo Zala<br />

gamoiyenes, ris Sedegadac 1982 wlis 24 noembers daiRupa mail taife,<br />

xolo 1982 wlis 12 dekembers seamus kriu da rodi karoli; yvela maTgani<br />

SeuiaraRebeli iyo. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna daiwyo ukanasknel<br />

SemTxvevaze da isic gamamarTlebeli ganaCeniT dasrulda. amtkicebdnen,<br />

rom am incidentebSi monawile policiis oficrebmac miiRes instruqcia,<br />

daemalaT mtkicebulebebi.<br />

137. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom SeiZleba arsebobdes garemoebebi, rodesac<br />

wamoWrili sakiTxebi ver an ar ganixileba sisxlis samarTlis procesze;<br />

da rom me-2 muxli SesaZloa ufro farTo Seswavlas saWiroebdes.<br />

am sami incidentis Sedegad seriozuli kiTxvebi warmoiSva, kerZod,<br />

antiteroristuli sapolicio procedurebi xom ar iwvevdnen Zalis<br />

gadametebul gamoyenebas _ winaswari ganzraxviT an, rogorc gamoyenebuli<br />

taqtikis gardauvali Tanmdevi Sedegi. mtkicebulebis ganzrax damalva<br />

agreTve eWvqveS ayenebs gamoZiebis efeqtianobas momxdari faqtis<br />

dadgenis TvalsazrisiT. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, sasamarTlo procesma<br />

saTanadod ver Seasrula mizani, daerwmunebina sazogadoeba da ojaxi, rom<br />

mkvleloba marTlzomieri iyo. aqedan gamomdinare, winamdebare saqmeSi<br />

sasamarTlo adgens, rom me-2 muxli moiTxovda proceduras, romlis<br />

meSveobiTac gamokvleuli iqneboda es elementebi da dadasturdeboda an<br />

moispoboda eWvebi. qvemoT igi ganixilavs, ramdenad adekvaturad ganixila<br />

es problemebi xelisuflebam.<br />

46<br />

(iv) damoukidebeli sapolicio mokvleva<br />

138. adreul etapze saxelmwifo devnis direqtori darwmunebuli iyo, rom<br />

winamdebare saqmidan wamoWrili problemebi mtkicebulebebis damalvidan<br />

momdinareobda. sasamarTlo procesis dawyebamde, daaxloebiT 1983 wlis<br />

ivlisSi, man damatebiTi mokvlevis Catareba moiTxova (ix. zemoT, punqti 16).<br />

1984 wlis 11 aprils man miiRo zomebi, ganexorcielebina Tavisi sawesdebo<br />

uflebamosileba samarTaldarRvevaTa devnis (CrdiloeTi irlandia) 1972<br />

wlis brZanebis 6(3) muxlis safuZvelze, raTa olsteris samefo policiis<br />

ufrosi konsteblisaTvis aRniSnuli sami saqmis damatebiTi gamoZiebis<br />

Catareba moeTxova. misi mizani ar iyo incidentebis xelaxali gamoZieba,<br />

aramed imis dadgena, xom ar arsebobda mtkicebuleba, rom adgili hqonda<br />

marTlmsajulebis mimdinareobis damaxinjebas. ufrosma konsteblma<br />

gamoZieba baton stalkers daavala, romelic policiis ufros oficrad<br />

muSaobda policiis sxva ZalebSi, kerZod, inglisSi.<br />

139. Semdgom mokvlevas sagulisxmo winaaRmdegobebi mohyva, rac dRemde<br />

grZeldeba. batoni stalkeri gamoZiebas CamoaSores 1986 wlis 29 maiss

---

makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

da igi batonma sampsonma Secvala, romelic agreTve policiis ufros<br />

oficrad muSaobda CrdiloeT irlandiis farglebs gareT. arc erTi<br />

moxseneba sajarod ar gamoqveynebula. es samsaxurebrivi gadacdoma ar<br />

damalula da igi gamoamzeura generalurma prokurorma Tavis 1988 wlis<br />

25 ianvris mokle gancxadebaSi, romelmac imavdroulad aRniSna, rom<br />

saxelmwifo devnis direqtoris mier xelSeSlis safuZvelze policiis<br />

oficrebis mimarT devnis ardawyebis gadawyvetileba gamarTlebuli iyo<br />

sazogadoebrivi interesebiT.<br />

140. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom mokvleva SeiZleba CaiTvalos sakmarisad<br />

damoukideblad, Tumca, rogorc Cans, mokvlevis Sedegad SemuSavebuli<br />

moxsenebebis gankargvasTan dakavSirebiT olsteris samefo policiis<br />

ufrosma Tavisi roli iTamaSa. udavoa, rom moxseneba da gamoZiebis masalebi<br />

unda ganxiluliyo, rogorc olsteris samefo policiis sakuTreba.<br />

Tumca, ver vityviT, rom maTi ganxilva gonivrul droSi ganxorcielda.<br />

sami weli da cxra Tve dasWirda, sanam parlamenti mis Sesaxeb gancxadebas<br />

gaakeTebda. batonma stalkerma Sualeduri moxseneba ufros konstebls<br />

1985 wlis 18 seqtembers gadasca, xolo am ukanasknelma igi saxelmwifo<br />

braldebis direqtors mxolod 1986 wlis 15 Tebervals gadaugzavna,<br />

anu TiTqmis 5 Tvis dagvianebiT. 1986 wlis 29 maiss, batoni stalkeris<br />

gamoZiebidan Camocilebis Semdeg, baton sampsons kidev aTi Tve dasWirda<br />

misi moxsenebis saboloo nawilis dasasruleblad, romelic man 1997 wlis<br />

10 aprils waradgina. generalurma prokurorma amis Semdeg kidev 9 Tve<br />

moandoma, sanam sakiTxs parlaments moaxsenebda.<br />

141. garda amisa, imis gamo rom moxsenebebi da maTi daskvnebi arc<br />

srulad da arc nawilobriv ar gamoqveynebula, ar SeiZleba vivaraudoT,<br />

rom gamoZiebaze xorcieldeboda raime sazogadoebrivi kontroli.<br />

gamWvirvalobis es deficiti SeiZleba ganxiluli iqnes, ufro rogorc<br />

arsebuli problemebis damadasturebeli, vidre uarmyofeli faqtori.<br />

ar auxsniaT mizezebi, Tu ratom ar Sedioda sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna<br />

sazogadoebis interesebSi da ar arsebobda saSualeba, gaesaCivrebinaT am<br />

mizezebis auxsnelobis faqti.<br />

(v) mokvleva<br />

142. CrdiloeT irlandiaSi, iseve rogorc inglissa da uelsSi, sicocxlis<br />

xelyofis SemTxvevebi SeiZleba gamoZiebul iqnes mokvleviT. mokvleva aris<br />

sajaro ganxilva, romelsac atareben koronerebi (Zaladobrivi sikvdilis<br />

gamomZieblebi) _ damoukidebeli sasamarTlo muSakebi _ romlebic,<br />

Cveulebriv, ganxilvas msajulebTan erTad atareben. aseTi ganxilvis<br />

mizania adamianis saeWvo daRupvasTan dakavSirebuli faqtebis dadgena.<br />

saqmeSi makkani da sxvebi (citata zemoT, gv. 49, § 162) sasamarTlom daadgina,<br />

rom gibraltarSi irlandiis respublikuri armiis sami eWvmitanilis SASis<br />

mier mkvlelobis saqmeze ganxorcielebuli mokvleva akmayofilebda<br />

me-2 muxlis procedurul valdebulebas, radgan masSi iyo mkvlelobasTan<br />

dakavSirebuli movlenebis detaluri ganxilva da gardacvlilTa<br />

naTesavebs operaciaSi CarTuli mowmeebis gamokvlevis da jvaredini<br />

dakiTxvis saSualeba hqondaT.<br />

winamdebare saqmeSi faqtebis dadgenis funqcia ukve ganxorcielebuli<br />

hqonda sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlos. Tumca, igi exeboda manqanaSi<br />

47

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

myofi erT-erTi mamakacis daRupvas. mas ar ganuxilavs miCqmalvis da<br />

sasikvdilo gasrolis politikis sakiTxebi, romelic damoukidebelma<br />

sapolicio mokvlevam Seiswavla. sasamarTlom ganixila, Catarebuli<br />

mokvleva uzrunvelyofda Tu ara sakiTxTa sajaro da efeqtian Seswavlas.<br />

Tumca, man daaskvna: miuxedavad imisa, rom mokvleva udavod sajarod<br />

Catarda, igi ar iyo efeqtiani. mis efeqtianobas sxvadasxva faqtorma<br />

SeuSala xeli.<br />

143. mokvleva Semoifargla mxolod im faqtebiT, romlebic uSualod iyo<br />

dakavSirebuli gansaxilvel mkvlelobebTan. erovnuli sasamarTloebis<br />

precedentuli samarTlis Sesabamisad, koroners moeTxoveba, misi<br />

gamoZieba SezRudos im sakiTxebiT, romlebmac uSualod sikvdili<br />

gamoiwvia da mokvleva ufro farTo garemoebebze ar unda gavrceldes.<br />

marTalia, adgilobrivi sasamarTloebi eTanxmebian, rom mokvlevis<br />

ZiriTadi mizani sikvdilis dadgomis garSemo Worebisa da eWvebis<br />

gafantvaa, amis miuxedavad, maT mniSvnelovnad miiCnies, rom aseTi<br />

mokvleva `ar unda daemsgavsos Worebisa da varaudebis ukidegano okeaneSi<br />

curvas~ (ix. zemoT punqti 75-76). sasamarTlo eTanxmeba, rom politikis<br />

sakiTxebisa an savaraudo konspiraciis detaluri gamoZieba SeiZleba ar<br />

iyos gamarTlebuli an savaldebulo. Tumca, winamdebare saqmeSi warmoiSva<br />

kanonieri da seriozuli SeSfoTeba. koronerma es aRniSna 1992 wlis 5 maiss<br />

mis mier msajulebisadmi gakeTebul mimarTvaSi, rodesac man miuTiTa,<br />

rom ukve Catarda sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo procesi da rom igi<br />

mxolod mokvlevas axorcielebda, vinaidan SeiZleba aRmoCeniliyo raime<br />

damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi. Tumca, man ver SeZlo, moepovebina stalkeris<br />

an sampsonis moxsenebebis aslebi an maTTan savaraudod dakavSirebuli<br />

sxva masala, radgan umaRlesma sasamarTlom, dauWira ra mxari olsteris<br />

samefo policiis ufrosi konsteblis protests, ganacxada, rom am<br />

dokumentebis gacnoba mokvlevis miznebisaTvis aucilebeli ar iyo.<br />

umaRlesi sasamarTlos mosamarTlem miuTiTa, rom mokvleva ar iyo is<br />

adgili, sadac saTanadod SeiZleboda sasikvdilo gasrolis savaraudo<br />

politikis ganxilva.<br />

144. CrdiloeT irlandiaSi adamianis sicocxlis xelyofaSi eWvmitanili<br />

piri SeiZleba ar aiZulon, misces Cveneba (koronerTa wesebis wesi 9(2) – ix.<br />

zemoT, punqti 73). praqtikaSi, mokvlevebs, romlebic CrdiloeT irlandiaSi<br />

uSiSroebis Zalebis mier sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebze<br />

tardeba, am SemTxvevebTan dakavSirebuli policiis oficrebi an<br />

jariskacebi ar eswrebian. amis nacvlad, mtkicebulebad iReben werilobiT<br />

Cvenebebs an gamokiTxvis Canawerebs. winamdebare saqmeze Catarebuli<br />

mokvlevisas, srolaSi monawile policielebisaTvis mokvlevaze daswreba<br />

ar mouTxoviaT. aqedan gamomdinare, ar gamoukvleviaT serJant `m~-s da<br />

oficrebis – `b~-s da `r~-s xedva movlenasTan dakavSirebiT. amis nacvlad,<br />

koroners miawodes maTi Cvenebebi. es mokvlevas ver miscemda saSualebas,<br />

raime damakmayofilebeli Sefaseba gaekeTebina umniSvnelovanes faqtobriv<br />

sakiTxebze maTi saimedoobis an sandoobis TvalsazrisiT. amiT mokvlevam<br />

dakarga saSualeba, daedgina mokvdinebasTan dakavSirebuli faqtebi da<br />

amiT mieRwia konvenciis me-2 muxliT moTxovnili romelime miznisTvis (ix.<br />

agreTve gaeros ukanono mkvlelobebis Sesaxeb principebis me-10 punqti,<br />

citata zemoT, punqti 96).<br />

48

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makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

145. msajulTa verdiqtiT, winamdebare saqmeSi mxolod daRupulTa<br />

identificireba da sikvdilis dadgomis TariRis, adgilisa da mizezis<br />

moyvana gaxda SesaZlebeli. inglissa da uelsSi, agreTve gibraltarSi,<br />

msajulebs ramdenime verdiqtis gamotana SeuZliaT, maT Soris, `sicocxlis<br />

ukanono xelyofasTan~ dakavSirebiT. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, rodesac<br />

inglissa da uelsSi msajulebs aseTi verdiqti gamoaqvT, saxelmwifo<br />

devnis direqtors moeTxoveba, gadasinjos devnis araRZvrasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT miRebuli nebismieri gadawyvetileba da warmoadginos<br />

mizezebi, romlebsac sasamarTlom SeiZleba acileba misces. winamdebare<br />

saqmeze ukve ganxorcielda sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna. raime<br />

damatebiTi sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna, romelic SeiZleboda mokvlevas<br />

ganexorcielebina, relevanturi iqneboda im SemTxvevaSi, Tu koroneri<br />

werilobiT moxsenebas gaugzavnida saxelmwifo devnis direqtors da is<br />

CaTvlida, rom SesaZloa adgili hqonoda sisxlissamarTlebriv danaSauls.<br />

Tumca, naTeli ar aris, rom saxelmwifo devnis direqtori valdebuli<br />

iyo, raime gadawyvetileba mieRo am Setyobinebis pasuxad, an detalurad<br />

daesabuTebina, Tu ratom ar axdenda reagirebas. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />

mokvlevam ver SeZlo, efeqtiani roli Seesrulebina sisxlis samarTlis<br />

danaSaulebis identificirebasa Tu devnaSi, romlebsac SesaZloa adgili<br />

hqonda da, am TvalsazrisiT, arasakmarisia me-2 muxlis moTxovnebisaTvis.<br />

146. miuxedavad imisa, rom mokvlevis procesis sajarooba eWvs ar iwvevs,<br />

ganmcxadebeli Cioda, rom mniSvnelovnad SeizRuda misi ojaxis, rogorc<br />

daRupulis axloblis, procesSi monawileoba. mokvlevis procesze maT ver<br />

miiRes samarTlebrivi daxmareba da procesamde ar gaacnes dokumentebi.<br />

Tumca, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom saqmeSi makkeni da sxvebi mokvlevis<br />

procesze ojaxi warmodgenili iyo dacvis advokatiT da uzrunvelyofili<br />

iyo iuridiuli daxmarebiT saqmesTan dakavSirebuli gancxadebebis<br />

sasamarTlo gadasinjvisaTvis. amrigad, ar SeiZleba iTqvas, rom<br />

ganmcxadeblis ojaxs, iuridiuli daxmarebis arqonis gamo, saSualeba ar<br />

hqonda, raime samarTlebrivi daxmareba mieRo mokvlevis procesze.<br />

147. rac Seexeba dokumentebze xelmisawvdomobas, im droisaTvis<br />

daRupulis ojaxs ar SeeZlo, mieRo mowmis Cvenebis aslebi, sanam mocemuli<br />

mowme Cvenebas aZlevda. aseTive pozicia iyo saqmeSi makkani da sxvebi,<br />

sadac sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom amiT mniSvnelovnad ar Seferxebula<br />

ojaxis advokatTa saSualeba, daekiTxaT mowmeebi (ix. zemoT moyvanili<br />

gadawyvetileba, gv. 49, § 162). Tumca, aucileblad unda aRiniSnos, rom<br />

makkanisa da sxvebis saqme garkveulwilad gamonakliss warmoadgenda, Tu<br />

mas SevadarebT CrdiloeT irlandiaSi warmoebul ramdenime saqmesTan (ix.<br />

agreTve huf jordani gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, no. 24746/94,<br />

2001wlis 4 maisis gadawyvetileba; keli da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos<br />

winaaRmdeg, no. 30054/96, 2001 wlis 4 maisis gadawyvetileba; da Sanahani<br />

gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, no. 37715/97, 2001 wlis 4 maisis<br />

gadawyvetileba). makkanisa da sxvaTa saqmeze Catarebuli mokvlevis<br />

procesis siswrafe da detaluroba sasamarTlos saSualebas aZlevs,<br />

yovelgvari eWvis gareSe daaskvnas, rom gamokvleuli iqna movlenasTan<br />

dakavSirebuli yvela mniSvnelovani faqti, sadac aqtiurad monawileobdnen<br />

ganmcxadeblebis gamocdili advokatebi. im faqts, rom naTesavebs<br />

dokumentebze xelmisawvdomoba ar hqondaT, am konteqstSi raime xelSeSla<br />

ar gamouwvevia. Tumca, aRniSnuli saqmis Semdeg sasamarTlo ufro met<br />

aqcents akeTebda daRupulTa naTesavebis proceduraSi monawileobis da<br />

49

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

maTTvis informaciis miwodebis mniSvnelobaze (ix. oguris saqme, citata<br />

zemoT, § 92).<br />

garda amisa, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom stefan lourensis saqmis mokvlevis<br />

Suqze gaerTianebul samefoSi Seicvala saqmis masalebis gacnobis praqtika<br />

da amJamad rekomendirebulia, policiam mowmeTa Cvenebebi gaacnos 28 dRiT<br />

adre (ix. zemoT punqti 78).<br />

148. winamdebare saqmeSi SeiZleba dadgindes, rom mowmeTa Cvenebebze<br />

xelmisawvdomobis SezRudva mokvlevis ramdenjerme gadadebam gamoiwvia.<br />

amas Sedegad mohyva procesis gaWianureba. sasamarTlo amas dagvianebis<br />

konteqstSi ganixilavs (ix. qvemoT punqti 152). mowmis mosvlamde<br />

ganmcxadeblis ojaxis mowmis Cvenebebze xelmiuwvdomloba SeiZleba<br />

agreTve ganxilul iqnes, rogorc maTi araxelsayrel mdgomareobaSi<br />

Cayeneba procesisaTvis momzadebisa da dakiTxvaSi monawileobis<br />

TvalsazrisiT. es gansakuTrebiT kontrastul poziciaSi ayenebda<br />

maT olsteris samefo policiasTan SedarebiT, romelsac hqonda<br />

resursebi iuridiuli daxmarebis misaRebad da sruli xelmisawvdomoba<br />

saTanado dokumentebze. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom daRupulis ojaxis<br />

procesSi monawileobis ufleba moiTxovs, rom dadgenili procedurebi<br />

uzrunvelyofdnen maTi interesebis dasacavad saWiro yvela saSualebas,<br />

romlebic SesaZloa pirdapir ewinaaRmdegebodnen movlenaSi CarTuli<br />

policiis an uSiSroebis Zalebis interesebs. sasamarTlo ver darwmunda,<br />

rom ganmcxadeblis, rogorc msxverplis axlo naTesavis interesebi, am<br />

TvalsazrisiT samarTlianad da adekvaturad iyo daculi.<br />

149. miTiTeba agreTve gakeTda mokvlevis procesebSi sajaro interesebis<br />

dacvis sertifikatis savaraudo xSir gamoyenebaze, riTac ikrZaleba<br />

garkveuli sakiTxebis an dokumentebis gamJRavneba. winamdebare saqmeSi<br />

CrdiloeT irlandiis saxelmwifo mdivanma 1988 wlis 9 noembers<br />

gamosca sertifikati, romelic exeboda olsteris samefo policiis<br />

antiteroristul SesaZleblobebs da informacias an dokumentebs,<br />

romlebic sadazvervo operaciebis detalebs amJRavnebda. meore<br />

sertifikati gamoica 1994 wlis 5 maiss, romliTac aikrZala stalkerisa<br />

da sampsonis moxsenebebis gamJRavneba im safuZvliT, rom daculiyo<br />

specialuri danayofebis efeqtianoba da dazvervis operaciebis<br />

xelSeuxebloba.<br />

150. naTeli ar aris, rom pirvelma sertifikatma xeli SeuSala mowmeTa<br />

raime Sesabamis dakiTxvas. rac Seexeba meore sertifikats, sasamarTlo<br />

miuTiTebs, rom ufrosma konsteblma, daobda ra stalkerisa da sampsonis<br />

angariSebis mokvlevisaTvis wardgenis relevanturobaze, ganacxada, rom<br />

koroners mokvlevisaTvis gadaeca yvela mowmis Cveneba da mtkicebulebebi<br />

(ix. zemoT punqti 58). umaRles sasamarTloSi mosamarTle nikolsonma<br />

miiCnia, rom is, rac gaumJRavnebeli darCa, iyo mxolod gancxadebebi<br />

mosazrebaTa Sesaxeb, kritika, rekomendaciebi da a.S. naTeli ar aris,<br />

mosamarTle nikolsons Tavad Tu hqonda moxsenebebis Seswavlis saSualeba,<br />

raTa daedasturebina, Seicavdnen Tu ara isini mokvlevisaTvis relevantur<br />

raime masalas. mosamarTle nikolsonma agreTve aRniSna, rom batoni<br />

TornburnisaTvis arafers SeuSlia xeli, mtkicebulebebi miewodebina<br />

mokvlevisaTvis sicocxlis xelyofasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze, magram<br />

igi ver daeyrdnoboda moxsenebebs, raTa raime `STabeWdileba~ Seeqmna<br />

msajulebisaTvis. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom baton Torburns moxsenebis<br />

50

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makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

SinaarsTan dakavSirebiT, maTi SemuSavebidan Svidi Tu rva wliT dagvianebis<br />

Semdeg, mtkicebulebebis wardgena rom ecada, nakleb savaraudoa, rom misi<br />

mexsiereba detalebis zustad gaxsenebas SeZlebda. agreTve, savaraudoa,<br />

rom mTavroba amas gaaprotestebda, daeyrdnoboda ra PII sertifikats.<br />

151. es sasamarTlo ar aris iseT poziciaSi, rom dabejiTebiT ganacxados,<br />

Seicavda Tu ara stalkerisa da sampsonis moxsenebebi sasikvdilo gasrolis<br />

politikis arsebobasTan dakavSirebul raime relevantur masalas. aris<br />

Zlieri miniSnebebi, rom stalkeris Sualedur moxsenebaSi aseTi masala iyo<br />

_ olsteris samefo policiam gaakritika stalkeris mcdeloba, xelaxla<br />

gamoeZiebinaT srolis incidenti da, agreTve, mis mier marTlmsajulebis<br />

aRsrulebisaTvis xelSeSlasTan dakavSirebiT gakeTebuli daskvnebi.<br />

generalurma prokurorma parlamentisadmi mis mier gakeTebul<br />

gancxadebaSi miuTiTa, rom saxelmwifo devnis direqtori ikvlevda<br />

moxsenebebs da aseve srolis incidentTan dakavSirebul mtkicebulebebs.<br />

moxsenebebSi udavod iyo mtkicebuleba marTlmsajulebis xelSeSlasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, romelic srolis incidentiT gamowveul ufro farTo<br />

sakiTxebs Seesabameboda. sasamarTlo adgens, rom mokvlevas saSualeba<br />

ar mieca, Seeswavla potenciurad relevanturi masala da, amrigad,<br />

SesaZlebloba ar hqonda, raime sasargeblo funqcia Seesrulebina sisxlis<br />

samarTlis saqmiswarmoebis Semdeg wamoWrili sakiTxebis efeqtiani<br />

gamoZiebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />

152. bolos, sasamarTlom yuradReba miaqcia procesis dagvianebas.<br />

mokvlevis sxdoma gaixsna 1984 wlis 4 ivniss, sisxlis samarTlis<br />

sasamarTlo procesis Semdeg. amis Semdgom igi gadaido sakmaod xangrZlivi<br />

periodebiT:<br />

- 1984 wlis seqtembridan 1988 wlis noembramde _ b-ni stalkerisa da b-ni<br />

simpsonis mier ganxorcielebuli damoukidebeli sapolicio mokvlevis<br />

mimdinareobis periodSi;<br />

- 1988 wlis 17 noembridan 1990 wlis 8 martamde _ daaxloebiT TxuTmeti<br />

TviT, sanam ojaxi asaCivrebda policiis oficrebis mier micemul<br />

werilobiT Cvenebebs;<br />

- 1990 wlis 20 ivlisidan 1992 wlis 6 Tebervlamde _ kidev Tvrameti TviT,<br />

sxva saqmeSi aseTi Cvenebebis gasaCivrebis gamo;<br />

- 1992 wlis 29 maisidan 1993 wlis 28 maisamde _ erTi wliT, mowmis Cvenebaze<br />

miuwvdomlobasTan dakavSirebiT ojaxis saCivris gamo;<br />

- mokvlevis procesi 1994 wlis 31 ianvars ganaxlda, Tumca, igi<br />

TiTqmis maSinve dayovnda, sanam koronersa da ufros konstebls Soris<br />

dava midioda dokumentebis gamJRavnebasTan dakavSirebiT. sasamarTlo<br />

gadasinjvis procesi 1994 wlis 11 ivliss dasrulda da ramdenime Tvis<br />

Semdeg mokvleva Sewyda.<br />

153. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom gadadebis ramdenime SemTxveva<br />

ganmcxadeblis ojaxis moTxovniT moxda. ZiriTadad isini dakavSirebuli<br />

iyo mokvlevis proceduruli aspeqtebis gasaCivrebasTan, rasac<br />

isini mniSvnelovnad miiCnevdnen maTi monawileobisaTvis – kerZod,<br />

dokumentebze xelmisawvdomobas. aqedan gamomdinare, am saqmeSi<br />

dagvianebas mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli ganmcxadeblis ojaxma, magram es<br />

garkveulwilad gamoiwvia im sirTuleebma, romelsac ojaxi mokvlevis<br />

51

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

procesSi monawileobis TvalsazrisiT waawyda (ix. zemoT punqti 148,<br />

mowmeTa Cvenebebis gaumJRavneblobis Sesaxeb). ar SeiZleba aragonivrulad<br />

iqnes miCneuli, rom ganmcxadebelma mokvlevis proceduris am aspeqtebis<br />

gasaCivrebisaTvis arsebuli sasamarTlo dacvis saSualebebi gamoiyena.<br />

154. sagulisxmo dagvianeba gamowveuli iyo koroneris gadawyvetilebiT,<br />

dalodebodnen damoukidebeli sapolicio mokvlevis Sedegebs. es<br />

SeiZleba gonivruli nabiji yofiliyo iq, sadac mokvleva sisxlis<br />

samarTlis procesis Semdeg darCenili sakiTxebis efeqtian gamoZiebas<br />

uzrunvelyofda. sasamarTlom zemoT ukve daadgina, rom adgili hqonda<br />

procesis operatiulobisa da gamWvirvalobis xarvezs. miuxedavad imisa,<br />

rom mokvleva 1988 wlis ianvarSi parlamentSi gakeTebuli gancxadebiT<br />

dasrulda, mokvlevis dawyeba ar dagegmila 1988 wlis 14 noembramde,<br />

movlenebidan TiTqmis eqvsi wlis Semdeg. koroneris warumatebeli<br />

mcdeloba dokumentebis mosapoveblad, romlebsac igi mokvlevisaTvis<br />

relevanturad miiCnevda, 1993 wlis seqtembridan 1994 wlis maisamde<br />

grZeldeboda. rodesac 1994 wlis 8 seqtembers koronerma mokvleva<br />

Sewyvita, mtkicebulebebis mxolod mcire nawili iyo ganxiluli.<br />

155. am garemoebebSi ver vivaraudebT, rom mokvleva swrafad Catarda<br />

an gonivruli tempiT viTardeboda (ix. mutatis mutandis, romelic exeba<br />

siswrafis moTxovnas konvenciis me-6 muxlis 1-li punqtis safuZvelze,<br />

skopeliti italiis winaaRmdeg, 1993 wlis 23 noembris gadawyvetileba,<br />

Series A no. 278, gv. 9, § 25). xSirma da xangrZlivma gadadebam kiTxvis qveS<br />

daayena sakiTxi – saTanado droisaTvis iyo Tu ara mokvlevis sistema<br />

struqturulad unariani, raTa uzrunveleyo rogorc swrafi, ise efeqtiani<br />

xelmisawvdomoba daRupulis ojaxisaTvis da saWiro dokumentebis<br />

miwodeba koronerisaTvis, raTa mas sakiTxTa Seswavla ganexorcielebina.<br />

(vi) samoqalaqo procesi<br />

156. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna (ix. punqti 118), samoqalaqo procesma unda<br />

uzrunvelyos faqtebis momkvlevi sasamarTlo, romelsac unda hqondes<br />

damcavi meqanizmebi da ukanonobis dadgenis saSualeba. Tumca, es aris<br />

ganmcxadeblis da ara xelisuflebis iniciativiT ganxorcielebuli<br />

procedura da igi ar iTvaliswinebs savaraudo damrRvevis identificirebas<br />

an dasjas. igi, rogorc aseTi, ar SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebul iqnes<br />

saxelmwifos mier konvenciis me-2 muxlis safuZvelze nakisri proceduruli<br />

valdebulebebis Sesrulebis Sefasebisas.<br />

(vii) daskvna<br />

157. sasamarTlo adgens, rom winamdebare saqmeSi policiis oficrebis mier<br />

Zalis gamoyenebis gamoZiebis procesma Semdegi xarvezebi gamoavlina:<br />

- incidentis gamomZiebeli policiis oficrebi ar iyvnen sakmarisad<br />

damoukideblebi incidentSi monawile oficrebisagan;<br />

- uzrunvelyofili ar iyo sazogadoebrivi kontroli da msxverplis ojaxs<br />

ar miuRia informacia incidentis damoukidebeli sapolicio gamoZiebis<br />

masalebis Sesaxeb _ marTlmsajulebis damaxinjebis an damaxinjebis<br />

mcdelobisaTvis romelime policiis oficris mimarT devnis araRZvris<br />

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makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

Sesaxeb saxelmwifo devnis direqtoris dadgenilebis dasabuTebis<br />

CaTvliT;<br />

- mokvlevis procesi ar iZleoda raime verdiqtis an daskvnis gakeTebis<br />

saSualebas, romelsac SeeZlo, efeqturi roli Seesrulebina<br />

sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis gamovlenasa da masTan dakavSirebiT<br />

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebaSi.<br />

- mokvlevis procesze mowmeTa gamocxadebamde maTi Cvenebebis<br />

gaumJRavneblobam xeli SeuSala ganmcxadeblis ojaxs, monawileoba<br />

mieRo mokvlevis procesSi. aman procesis xangrZlivi gadadebis ramdenime<br />

SemTxveva gamoiwvia;<br />

- PII sertifikatma mokvlevis process xeli SeuSala saqmesTan dakavSirebuli<br />

Zalze sagulisxmo sakiTxebis gamokvlevaSi;<br />

- gervaise makkeris mkvlelobaSi CarTuli oficrebisTvis mowmis statusiT<br />

mokvlevis procesze daswreba ar mouTxoviaT;<br />

- damoukidebeli sapolicio gamoZieba gonivruli siswrafiT ar<br />

ganxorcielebula;<br />

- mokvlevis procesi droulad ar dawyebula da igi gonivruli siswrafiT<br />

ar mimdinareobda.<br />

158. olsteris samefo policiis gamoZiebis damoukideblobis xarvezi da<br />

policiis mxridan am gamoZiebis savaraudo xelSeSlis saqmeze warmoebuli<br />

Semdgomi mokvlevis gamWvirvalobis xarvezi SeiZleba momdevno<br />

procedurebis problemebis ZiriTad mizezad CaiTvalos. adgilobrivma<br />

sasamarTloebma aRniSnes, rom mokvlevis procesi saTanado saSualebas<br />

ar warmoadgenda winamdebare saqmesTan dakavSirebuli ufro farTo<br />

sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad. Tumca, raime sxva sajarod xelmisawvdomi<br />

procedura xarvezebis gamosasworeblad ar arsebobda.<br />

159. am sasamarTlos funqciaSi ar Sedis, detalurad gansazRvros, Tu<br />

ra procedurebi unda SeimuSaos xelisuflebam saxelmwifo muSakebis<br />

mier Cadenili mkvlelobebis garemoebebis saTanado gamokvlevis<br />

uzrunvelsayofad. Tumca, miTiTeba gakeTda, magaliTad, mokvlevis<br />

Sotlandiur modelze, romelsac sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlos<br />

mosamarTle atarebs, magram es ar iZleva saSualebas, vivaraudoT, rom igi<br />

SeiZleba erTaderTi xelmisawvdomi meTodi iyos. Tu faqtebis dadgenis,<br />

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamoZiebisa da sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis<br />

miznebi erTi organos mier xorcieldeba an ramdenime uwyeba erToblivad<br />

axorcielebs, rogorc es CrdiloeT irlandiaSia, sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom<br />

me-2 muxlis moTxovnebi SeiZleba mainc dakmayofildes. es im SemTxvevaSia<br />

SesaZlebeli, Tu sxva kanonier miznebTan erTad _ rogoricaa erovnuli<br />

usafrTxoeba an sxva sagamoZiebo procesebTan dakavSirebuli masalebis<br />

dacva _ gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba sxvadasxva procedura, romelic<br />

xelmisawvdomi da efeqtiani formiT uzrunvelyofs saWiro garantiebs.<br />

arsebulma procedurebma winamdebare saqmeSi saTanado balansis<br />

uzrunvelyofa ver moaxerxes.<br />

160. sasamarTlom SeiZleba miuTiTos, rom gamWvirvalobisa da efeqtianobis<br />

zemoaRniSnuli xarvezebi ewinaaRmdegeba Sidasaxelmwifo sasamarTloebis<br />

mier gansazRvruli eWvebisa da Worebis gafantvis miznebs. aucilebelia,<br />

arsebobdes saxelmwifo muSakTa angariSvaldebulebis uzrunvelyofis<br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

saTanado procedurebi sazogadoebis ndobis SenarCunebisa da kanonieri<br />

moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad, romlebic SesaZloa sasikvdilo Zalis<br />

gamoyenebisas warmoiSvas. aseTi procedurebis ararseboba mxolod<br />

gaaRvivebs boroti motivaciebis SiSs, rogorc es, inter alia, ganmcxadeblis<br />

mier sasikvdilo gasrolis savaraudo politikasTan dakavSirebulma<br />

gancxadebebma uCvena.<br />

161. sasamarTlo adgens, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-2 muxliT<br />

dadgenili proceduruli valdebulebis Seusruleblobas da, am<br />

TvalsazrisiT, aRniSnuli debulebis darRvevas.<br />

II. konvenciis me-14 muxlis savaraudo darRveva<br />

162. ganmcxadebeli daeyrdno konvenciis me-14 muxls, romelic adgens:<br />

`am konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebiTa da TavisuflebebiT<br />

sargebloba uzrunvelyofilia yovelgvari diskriminaciis gareSe,<br />

ganurCevlad sqesis, rasis, kanis feris, enis, religiis, politikuri Tu<br />

sxva Sexedulebebis, erovnuli Tu socialuri warmoSobis, erovnuli<br />

umciresobebisadmi kuTvnilebis, qonebrivi mdgomareobis, dabadebisa Tu<br />

sxva niSnisa.~<br />

163. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom mamamisis mkvlelobis garemoebebi<br />

diskriminaciis niSnebs avlenda. igi acxadebda, rom 1969 wlidan 1994<br />

wlis martamde uSiSroebis Zalebis mier 357 adamiani iqna mokluli,<br />

romelTa umravlesoba kaTolike axalgazrdebi an nacionalisturi<br />

sazogadoebis wevrebi iyvnen. Tu amas SevadarebT protestantuli<br />

sazogadoebidan daRupulTa raodenobas da gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom<br />

sixlissamarTlebrivi devna SedarebiT mcire odenobis SemTxvevebze<br />

ganxorcielda (ocdaTerTmeti) da mxolod ramdenime maTgani damTavrda<br />

msjavriT (am gancxadebis droisaTvis, oTxi SemTxveva), naTeli xdeba,<br />

rom adgili hqonda erovnuli warmoSobis an erovnul umciresobebisadmi<br />

kuTvnilebis niSniT sasikvdilo Zalis diskriminaciul gamoyenebas da<br />

samarTlebrivi dacvis deficits sazogadoebis segmentis mimarT.<br />

164. mTavrobam sapasuxod ganacxada, rom CrdiloeT irlandiaSi<br />

sicocxlis xelyofis msgavsi faqtebis mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs da<br />

raime diferencirebuli mopyrobis SemTxvevebi ar gamomJRavnebula.<br />

statistika (romlis sizuste gaziarebuli ar iqna) sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda,<br />

gaziarebuliyo gancxadebebi kaTolikeebis Tu nacionalistebis mimarT<br />

diskriminaciis Sesaxeb.<br />

165. rodesac zogadi politika an RonisZieba araproporciul damRupvel<br />

zemoqmedebas axdens konkretul jgufze, gamoricxuli ar aris, igi<br />

diskriminaciulad CaiTvalos miuxedavad imisa, rom igi am konkretuli<br />

jgufisTvis gamiznuli an misdami mimarTuli ar yofila. Tumca, Tundac<br />

statistika uCvenebdes, rom uSiSroebis Zalebis mier mokluli adamianebi<br />

kaTolikeebi an nacionalisturi sazogadoebis wevrebi iyvnen, sasamarTlo<br />

ar miiCnevs, rom mxolod statistika avlens praqtikas, romelsac SeiZleba<br />

diskriminaciulis klasifikacia mieniWos me-14 muxlis mniSvnelobiT.<br />

sasamarTlos xelT ara aqvs raime mtkicebuleba, rac mas saSualebas<br />

miscems, daaskvnas, rom mocemuli mkvlelobebi, msjavriT damTavrebuli<br />

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makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

oTxi saqmis garda, gamowveuli iyo uSiSroebis Zalebis mier Zalis ukanono<br />

an gadaWarbebuli gamoyenebiT.<br />

166. sasamarTlo adgens, rom adgili ar hqonia konvenciis me-14 muxlis<br />

darRvevas.<br />

III. konvenciis me-13 muxlis savaraudo darRveva<br />

167. ganmcxadebeli Cioda, rom ar arsebobda samarTlebrivi dacvis<br />

efeqtiani saSualeba misi saCivrebis TvalsazrisiT da igi eyrdnoboda<br />

konvenciis me-13 muxls, romelic adgens:<br />

`yvelas, visac daerRva am konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebi<br />

da Tavisuflebebi, unda hqondes samarTlebrivi dacvis efeqtiani<br />

saSualeba erovnuli xelisuflebisagan, miuxedavad imisa, es darRveva<br />

Cadenili iqna Tu ara im pirebis mier, romlebic moqmedeben oficialuri<br />

uflebamosilebiT.~<br />

168. ganmcxadebeli miuTiTebda mis mier warmodgenil gancxadebebze<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxlis procedurul aspeqtebTan dakavSirebiT, amtkicebda<br />

ra, rom me-13 muxli, Sesabamis SemTxvevebSi kompensaciis gadaxdasTan<br />

erTad, efeqtian gamoZiebas moiTxovda, romelic uzrunvelyofda<br />

pasuxismgebelTa gamovlenas da dasjas, agreTve, sagamoZiebo proceduraze<br />

momCivnis efeqtian xelmisawvdomobas.<br />

169. mTavrobam ganacxada, rom me-13 muxlis safuZvelze aRZruli saCivrebi<br />

arasaTanadod gaazrebuli, an arasakmarisad dasabuTebulia. isini<br />

acxadebdnen, rom xelmisawvdom proceduraTa erToblioba, romelic<br />

moicavda samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebas da mokvlevis process, efeqtian<br />

saSualebebs uzrunvelyofda.<br />

170. sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTali uCvenebs, rom konvenciis<br />

me-13 muxli uzrunvelyofs dacvis saSualebas erovnul doneze, raTa<br />

kanonieri Zala mieces konvenciis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis arss.<br />

misi ganxorcielebis formis miuxedavad, igi uzrunvelyofili unda iyos<br />

Sidasaxelmwifo samarTlebriv sistemaSi. amrigad, me-13 muxlis moqmedeba<br />

niSnavs, rom moiTxoveba Sidasaxelmwifo dacvis saSualebis uzrunvelyofa,<br />

raTa ganxiluli iqnes `sadavo saCivris~ arsi konvenciis safuZvelze da<br />

gaweul iqnes saTanado daxmareba. Tumca, xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoebs aqvT<br />

garkveuli diskreciuli ufleba im formebTan mimarTebiT, romlebsac<br />

isini konvenciis am debulebidan warmoSobili valdebulis Sesasruleblad<br />

iyeneben. me-13 muxlis safuZvelze dakisrebuli valdebulebis farglebi<br />

ganmcxadeblis saCivris bunebidan gamomdinare meryeobs. miuxedavad<br />

amisa, me-13 muxliT moTxovnili dacvis saSualeba unda iyos `efeqtiani~<br />

praqtikasa da, agreTve, samarTalSi (ix. aqsoi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 1996<br />

wlis 18 dekembris gadawyvetileba, moxsenebebi 1996-VI, gv. 2286, § 95; aidini<br />

TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 1997 wlis 25 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, moxsenebebi<br />

1997-VI, gv. 1895-96, § 103; da kaias saqme, citata zemoT, gv. 329-30, § 106).<br />

171. sasamarTlom sasikvdilo Zalis an adamianTa saeWvo daRupvasTan<br />

dakavSirebul saqmeebze agreTve ganacxada, rom sicocxlis uflebis<br />

fundamenturi mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT, me-13 muxli, Sesabamis<br />

SemTxvevebSi kompensaciebis gadaxdasTan erTad, srul da efeqtian<br />

55

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

gamoZiebas iTvaliswinebs, romelsac sicocxlis xelyofaze<br />

pasuxismgebelTa gamovlenisa da dasjis unari eqneba, momCivnis sagamoZiebo<br />

proceduraze efeqtiani xelmisawvdomobis CaTvliT (ix. kaias saqme, citata<br />

zemoT, gv. 330-31, § 107). mTel rig saqmeebSi sasamarTlom daadgina, rom<br />

rodesac sicocxlis xelyofis saeWvo SemTxvevebze efeqtiani gamoZieba ar<br />

ganxorcielebula, adgili hqonda me-13 muxlis darRvevas, imis miniSnebiT,<br />

rom me-13 muxlis moTxovnebi ufro farToa, vidre konvenciis me-2 muxliT<br />

dadgenili gamoZiebis valdebuleba (ix. agreTve ergis saqme, citata zemoT,<br />

gv. 1782, § 98, da salmanis saqme, citata zemoT, § 123).<br />

172. unda aRiniSnos, rom es saqmeebi gamoiwvia samxreT-aRmosavleT<br />

TurqeTSi arsebulma situaciam, sadac TurqeTis uSiSroebis Zalebsa<br />

da qurTistanis muSaTa partias (PKK) Soris mimdinare konfliqtis gamo<br />

ganmcxadeblebi daucvel poziciaSi iyvnen da maTTvis samarTlebrivi dacvis<br />

yvelaze xelmisawvdom saSualebas saxelmwifo prokurorisaTvis saCivriT<br />

mimarTva warmoadgenda, romelsac savaraudo danaSaulebis gamoZieba<br />

evaleboda. TurqeTSi momCivans SeeZlo, monawileoba mieRo nebismier<br />

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi, rogorc sarCelis ganxilvaSi nebayoflobiT<br />

CarTul pirs da, procesis warmatebiT dasrulebis SemTxvevaSi, zianis<br />

anazRaureba moeTxova. prokuroris mier faqtebis dadgenis funqciis<br />

ganxorcieleba agreTve mniSvnelovani iyo samoqalaqo saqmiswarmoebis<br />

dasawyebad. aqedan gamomdinare, aRniSnul saqmeebSi konvenciis yofili<br />

26-e muxlis (amJamad 35-e muxlis 1-li punqti) miznebisaTvis sakmarisi<br />

iyo, rom ganmcxadebels, romelic adamianis sicocxlis ukanono xelyofis<br />

SemTxvevasTan dakavSirebiT Cioda, sakiTxi saxelmwifo prokuroris winaSe<br />

daeyenebina. Sesabamisad, mTlianobaSi, samarTlebriv sistemaSi arsebobda<br />

mWidro proceduruli da praqtikuli kavSiri sisxlis samarTlis<br />

gamoZiebasa da ganmcxadeblisaTvis xelmisawvdom dacvis saSualebebs<br />

Soris.<br />

173. CrdiloeT irlandiaSi arsebuli samarTlebrivi sistema gansxvavebulia<br />

da mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli me-13 muxlis am iurisdiqciis<br />

nebismieri saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebze gamoyenebisas. ganmcxadebelma,<br />

romelic gaerTianebul samefoSi jariskacebis an policiis oficrebis<br />

mier sicocxlis xelyofis SemTxvevis gamo Civis, rogorc zogadi wesi,<br />

misTvis xelmisawvdomi dacvis saSualebebi unda amowuros samoqalaqo<br />

saqmiswarmoebis meSvebiT. sasamarTloebi gamoikvleven faqtebs,<br />

daadgenen pasuxismgeblobas da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, miiReben<br />

kompensaciis gadaxdis dadgenilebas. es samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoeba<br />

mTlianad damoukidebelia nebismieri sisxlis samarTlis gamoZiebisagan<br />

da maTi qmediToba ar iqna warmoCenili, raTa SesaZlebeli yofiliyo<br />

sisxlis samarTlis gamoZiebasa an devnaze dayrdnoba (ix. mag. karaheri<br />

gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, no. 24520/94, ECHR 2000-I).<br />

174. winamdebare saqmeSi ganmcxadebelma samoqalaqo sarCeli Seitana,<br />

romelic mimdinareobis procesSia. sasamarTlom ver aRmoaCina raime<br />

elementi, romelic am procesebs xels SeuSlida zemoaRniSnuli Zalis<br />

savaraudo gadaWarbebuli gamoyenebis gamosworebis uzrunvelyofaSi (ix.<br />

zemoT punqti 118).<br />

175. rac Seexeba ganmcxadeblis saCivrebs saxelmwifo organoebis mier<br />

adamianis daRupvis saqmis gamoZiebasTan dakavSirebiT, isini gamokvleuli<br />

iqna zemoT, me-2 muxlis proceduruli aspeqtis safuZvelze (ix. punqtebi<br />

56

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makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

122-161). sasamarTlo adgens, rom winamdebare saqmeSi ar warmoiSoba raime<br />

calke sakiTxi.<br />

176. sasamarTlo askvnis, rom adgili ar hqonda konvenciis me-13 muxlis<br />

darRvevas.<br />

IV. konvenciis 41-e muxlis gamoyeneba<br />

177. konvenciis 41-e muxli adgens:<br />

`Tu sasamarTlo daadgens, rom dairRva konvencia da misi oqmebi, xolo<br />

Sesabamisi maRali xelSemkvreli mxaris Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTali<br />

darRvevis mxolod nawilobrivi gamosworebis SesaZleblobas iZleva,<br />

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo dazaralebul mxares samarTlian<br />

dakmayofilebas miakuTvnebs”.<br />

A. ziani<br />

178. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom mas ekuTvnoda zianis anazRaureba misi<br />

mamis, gervaise makkeris sicocxlis ukanono xelyofis gamo.<br />

179. mTavrobas mizanSewonilad ar miaCnda raime kompensaciis gadaxda<br />

winamdebare saqmeSi.<br />

181. makkanisa da sxvaTa saqmisagan gansxvavebiT, winamdebare saqmeSi<br />

sasamarTlos ar miuRia raime dadgenileba sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebis<br />

kanonierebis an proporciulobis sakiTxze, romelmac gervaise makkeris<br />

daRupva gamoiwvia, arc saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebze, daRupulis<br />

moqmedebebis CaTvliT, rac win uZRoda mis daRupvas – es sakiTxebi amJamad<br />

samoqalaqo warmoebaSia. Sesabamisad, am TvalsazrisiT raime kompensaciis<br />

gadaxda ar moiTxoveba. meore mxriv, sasamarTlom daadgina, rom erovnulma<br />

organoebma ver Seasrules TavianTi valdebuleba adamianis daRupvis<br />

garemoebebis swrafi da efeqtiani gamoZiebis Catarebis TvalsazrisiT. amis<br />

gamo ganmcxadebels udavod hqonda imedgacruebis, sulieri tkivilisa da<br />

SeSfoTebis gancda. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom ganmcxadebelma ganicada<br />

garkveuli aramaterialuri ziani, rac sakmarisad dabalansebuli ar aris<br />

imis dadgeniT, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis darRvevas.<br />

182. samarTlianobis safuZvelze gakeTebuli Sefasebis Sesabamisad,<br />

sasamarTlo aniWebs 10,000 girvanqa sterlings (GBP).<br />

57

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

3. makaraZisi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg<br />

(ganacxadi no. 50385/99)<br />

procedura<br />

saqmiswarmoeba daiwyo ganacxadiT (no. 50385/99), romelic 1998 wlis 2 ivniss<br />

saberZneTis moqalaqem qristos makaraZisma (`gamcxadebeli~) Seitana<br />

adamianis uflebaTa evropul komisiaSi (`komisia~) adamianis uflebaTa da<br />

ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis (`konvencia~)<br />

Zveli redaqciis 25-e muxlis safuZvelze.<br />

faqtobrivi mxare<br />

(mokle, araoficialuri versia)<br />

1995 wlis 13 seqtembers policia cdilobda, gaeCerebina ganmcxadebeli,<br />

SeuiaraRebeli moqalaqe, mas Semdeg, rac man SuqniSnis wiTeli naTuris<br />

ugulebelyofiT gaagrZela moZraoba aTenis centrSi. ganmcxadebelma<br />

policiis mcdelobas siCqaris momatebiT upasuxa. mas daedevnnen policiis<br />

oficrebi ramdenime manqaniT da motocikliT. swored am dros misi manqana<br />

daejaxa ramdenime satransporto saSualebas. ori mZRoli dazianda. mas<br />

Semdeg, rac ganmcxadebelma Tavi daaRwia policiis xuT sakontrolo<br />

punqts, policiis oficrebma mis manqanas cecxli gauxsnes. ganmcxadebelma<br />

benzingasamarT sadgurTan manqana gaaCera, kari Signidan Caketa da uars<br />

acxadebda manqanidan gadmosvlaze. policiis oficrebma gaagrZeles<br />

srola: ganmcxadeblis mtkicebiT _ misi manqanis mimarTulebiT, xolo<br />

mTavrobis mtkicebiT _ haerSi. sabolood, ganmcxadebeli daakava policiis<br />

oficerma, romelmac moaxerxa saqare minis Camtvreva da manqanaSi SeRweva.<br />

ganmcxadebeli gadaiyvanes saavadmyofoSi, sadac man dahyo 9 dRe. mas<br />

dazianebuli hqonda marjvena mklavi, marcxena fexi, marcxena sajdomi da<br />

mkerdis marjvena mxare. misi mtkicebiT, manqanidan gadmoTrevis procesSi<br />

igi fexis terfSi daWres, Tumca, mTavroba amas ar eTanxmeboda. incidentis<br />

Semdeg ganmcxadeblis mentaluri mdgomareoba sagrZnoblad gauaresda.<br />

ramdenime policiis oficerma ise datova SemTxvevis adgili, rom maTi<br />

vinaoba ar garkveula da informacia maT mier gamoyenebuli iaraRis Sesaxeb<br />

ar dafiqsirebula. sajaro bralmdebelma daiwyo sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba<br />

policiis 7 oficris winaaRmdeg, rac maTi gaTavisuflebiT dasrulda. imis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT, rom incidentSi monawile yvela oficris identificireba<br />

ver moxerxda, `gonivruli eWvis miRma~ standartis Sesabamisad, sisxlis<br />

samarTlis sasamarTlom ver daadgina, rom swored am Svidma braldebulma<br />

pirma gauxsna cecxli ganmcxadebels.<br />

samarTlebrivi mxare<br />

I. konvenciis me-2 muxlis savaraudo darRvevis Sesaxeb<br />

1. ganmcxadebeli<br />

34. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom konvenciis 2 § 1 akisrebs saxelmwifos<br />

pozitiur valdebulebas, daicvas adamianis sicocxle. kerZod, erovnulma<br />

58

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makaraZisi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg<br />

kanonmdeblobam zedmiwevniT zustad unda gaakontrolos da SezRudos<br />

yvela garemoeba, romliTac pirs SeiZleba SeezRudos sicocxlis ufleba<br />

saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa mxridan. saxelmwifo aseve valdebulia,<br />

Sesabamisad moamzados da moaxdinos im moxeleebis instruqtaJi, romelTac<br />

aqvT iaraRis tarebisa da misi gamoyenebis ufleba. Tumca, gansaxilvel<br />

droSi ar arsebobda aucilebeli maregulirebeli baza. kanoni, romelic<br />

policiis TanamSromlebs aZlevda iaraRis gamoyenebis uflebas, ZalaSi<br />

Sevida 1943 wels. zogadad, miiCneoda, rom aRniSnuli kanoni anaqronistuli<br />

da arasruli iyo da saTanadod ar uzrunvelyofda sazogadoebis dacvas<br />

policiis mxridan iaraRis gadaWarbebuli gamoyenebisagan. Sesabamisad,<br />

saberZneTis saxelmwifos ar miuRia me-2 muxliT garantirebuli sicocxlis<br />

uflebis xelyofisgan dasacavad yvela saWiro prevenciuli zoma.<br />

35. ganmcxadeblis TqmiT, policiis mier iaraRis gadametebiT gamoyenebis<br />

Sedegad man seriozuli Wrilobebi miiRo. agreTve, aRniSnavs, rom ar<br />

hqonda iaraRi da, Tanac, arc damnaSave iyo da arc teroristi, igi ubralod<br />

SeSinda da scada gaqceva. policiam mis mimarT cecxli gaxsna yovelgvari<br />

gafrTxilebis gareSe da mis dakavebas ori msubuqi avtomanqanis meSveobiT<br />

Seecada. amis Sedegad, udanaSaulo moqalaqe dazianda. policias ar<br />

gamouyenebia sakuTari avtomanqanebi gzis blokirebisaTvis, arc borblis<br />

CasaCuti saSualebebi da arc sakvamuri an cremlsadeni gazi misi daSinebisa<br />

da kerZo msubuqi manqanis gaCerebis mizniT. maT, ubralod, Zalis<br />

gadametebiTa da sruliad ukontrolod isroles misi mimarTulebiT,<br />

riTac seriozuli safrTxe Seuqmnes udanaSaulo moqalaqis sicocxles.<br />

36. ufro metic, ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenlebma ar Seasrules konvenciis me-2 muxliT dadgenili<br />

valdebulebebi sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebis faqtis gamoZiebasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT. man xazi gausva araerT xarvezs, rogoric iyo, magaliTad,<br />

inter alia, im policielTa vinaobis daudgenloba, romlebic monawileobdnen<br />

dakavebis operaciaSi, agreTve, dakavebisas gamoyenebuli vaznebis da<br />

iaraRis daudgenloba.<br />

37. saerTaSoriso amnistiisa da adamianis uflebaTa helsinkis saerTaSoriso<br />

komitetis mier 2002 wels gamocemul erTian angariSze (`saberZneTi<br />

ukanonobis CrdilSi - araadamianuri mopyroba da iaraRis gadametebiT<br />

gamoyeneba~) dayrdnobiT, ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom iaraRis<br />

gadametebiT gamoyenebis incidentis araefeqturi gamoZieba iyo kidev erTi<br />

ilustracia saberZneTis xelisuflebis tolerantuli damokidebulebisa<br />

iaRaris ukanono sasikvdilo gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

2. mTavroba<br />

38. mTavroba ar daeTanxma mosazrebas, rom saqme unda ganxiluliyo<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxlis WrilSi, vinaidan dazaralebuli cocxali iyo.<br />

damatebiT, marTalia, dakavebis operaciisas policielebma gamoiyenes<br />

iaraRi, Tumca, maTi mizani ar yofila ganmcxadeblis mokvla, aramed maT<br />

surdaT mxolod misi iZuleba, gaCerebuliyo da, Semdgom, daepatimrebinaT.<br />

sasamarTlos adrindel gadawyvetilebebze dayrdnobiT, mTavroba<br />

amtkicebda, rom ganmcxadeblis saCivari unda ganxiluliyo konvenciis<br />

me-3 muxlis konteqstSi.<br />

59

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

39. yoveli SemTxvevisTvis, mTavrobam aRniSna, rom saSiS viTarebaSi<br />

policias unda mieces mniSvnelovani diskrecia iaraRis gamoyenebasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT. winamdebare saqmeSi, ganmcxadebelma gaagrZela manqaniT svla<br />

wiTel Suqze aTenis centralur nawilSi, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis<br />

saelCosTan siaxloves, sadac usafrTxoebis RonisZiebebi yovelTvis<br />

gansakuTrebiT gaZlierebulia, vinaidan saelCo miiCneoda teroristuli<br />

Tavdasxmis SesaZlo obieqtad. policiis moTxovnisamebr manqanis gaCerebis<br />

nacvlad, ganmcxadebelma moumata siCqares da ganagrZo metad saxifaTo<br />

svla, riTac aSkara safrTxe Seuqmna mravali udanaSaulo piris sicocxles.<br />

Sesabamisad, am pirobebSi policias hqonda sakmarisi safuZveli, evarauda,<br />

rom gaqceuli iyo damnaSave an, Tundac, teroristi. aseve, cecxlis<br />

gaxsnamde policiis TanamSromlebma scades misi dakaveba alternatiuli<br />

meTodebis meSveobiT, rogoricaa, moZraobis xelovnuri Seferxeba, gzis<br />

blokireba da sxva. iaraRi iyo maT xelT arsebuli ukanaskneli saSualeba,<br />

romelic gamoiyenes mxolod maSin, rodesac mixvdnen, rom sxva meTodebma<br />

ar gaamarTla. amave dros, maT scades zianis maqsimaluri Semcireba da<br />

ganmcxadeblis sicocxlis SenarCuneba. es naTelia imis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

rom maT gamoscades sxva saSualebebi da, aseve, moaxdines gamafrTxilebeli<br />

gasrola haerSi. operaciis ganxorcielebisas ar SeimCneoda raime<br />

gadameteba an gadacdoma. dapatimrebis Semdeg ganmcxadebels ar miuRia<br />

raime dazianeba policielTa mxridan, aramed igi dauyovnebliv gadaiyvanes<br />

saavadmyofoSi.<br />

40. mTavroba Semdgomac ar daeTanxma ganmcxadeblis mosazrebas da aRniSna,<br />

rom adgili ar hqonia Seusabamobas saqmis gamoZiebis procesSi, romelic,<br />

Tavis mxriv, iyo drouli da sruli. maT aRniSnes, rom SemTxvevidan meore<br />

dResve daiwyo administraciuli gamoZieba. saerTo jamSi, 35 TviTmxilvelis<br />

Cveneba moipoves. ufro metic, Catarda policiis 33 avtomatis, 3 tyviis da<br />

rkinis 4 fragmentis sruli laboratoriuli gamokvleva. aseve, damatebiT<br />

daaTvalieres ganmcxadeblis manqana. sisxlissamarTlebrivi gamoZieba<br />

Catarda da 7 policiels waredgina brali sxeulis dazianebisa da iaraRis<br />

gadametebiT gamoyenebis gamo. ramdenime mowmes da Tavad ganmcxadebels<br />

mousmines sasamarTlo sxdomaze.<br />

41. mTavrobam daaskvna, rom xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma gamoavlines<br />

TavianTi morCileba kanonis uzenaesobisadmi da gadadges gonivruli<br />

nabijebi movlenaTa sruli suraTisa da operaciaSi monawileTa vinaobis<br />

dasadgenad. sxva danarCenis ganxorcieleba ki, ubralod, SeuZlebeli iyo.<br />

Sesabamisad, winamdebare saqmeSi raime darRvevas adgili ar hqonia.<br />

3. mesame mxaris Careva<br />

42. Institut de Formation en Droits de l’Homme du Barreau de Paris, adamianis<br />

uflebaTa institutma (SemdgomSi `instituti~), romelic daarsda 1979<br />

wels, warmoadgina werilobiTi komentarebi me-2 muxlis gamoyenebasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT da, am muxlidan gamomdinare, saxelmwifoTa valdebulebebze,<br />

rasac mohyva sasamarTlos prezidentis mxridan institutisaTvis mesame<br />

mxared CarTvis uflebis miniWeba (ix. zemoT punqti 8).<br />

43. rac Seexeba me-2 muxls, institutma miiCnia, rom am normis gamoyeneba<br />

SesaZlebelia im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac policiam faqtobrivad sasikvdilo<br />

Zalas mimarTa, maSinac ki, Tu am Zalam ar gamoiwvia im adamianis sikvdili,<br />

60

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makaraZisi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg<br />

romelic policiis samizne aRmoCnda. aucilebeli ar aris gamousworebeli<br />

Sedegis dadgoma imisaTvis, rom ganxilul iqnes garemoebebi, romlebSic<br />

gamoiyenes sasikvdilo Zala. sasamarTlom Tavad aRiara, rom garkveul<br />

garemoebebSi, darRvevis mxolod `potenciur~ an `virtualur~ msxverpls<br />

hqonda ufleba, mieRo konvenciiT dadgenili zomebi (ix. sioringi<br />

gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, 1989 wlis 7 ivlisis gadawyvetileba,<br />

seria A no. 161). am SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlom xazi gausva `seriozuli da<br />

gamousworebeli savaraudo darRvevis dadgomis risks.~ es mosazreba<br />

SeiZleba gadmotanili iyos me-2 muxlis virtualur darRvevasTan<br />

mimarTebiT, vinaidan policielTa mier sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebas<br />

garkveul garemoebebSi SeeZlo, sicocxlis ufleba seriozuli riskis qveS<br />

daeyenebina.<br />

44. sasamarTlom aRiara, rom man ukve gaavrcela me-2 muxlis gamoyenebis<br />

SesaZlebloba iseT saqmeebze, sadac ganmcxadeblebi ar iyvnen moklulni,<br />

Tumca, msgavsi midgoma SesaZleblad miiCnia mxolod maqsimalurad<br />

SezRudul gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi (ix. berktai TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, no.<br />

22493/93, 2001 wlis pirveli marti). rodesac saxelmwifo warmomadgenlebis<br />

mier Zalis borotad gamoyeneba ar iwvevs sikvdils da, amave dros, ar<br />

xvdeba me-3 muxlis moqmedebis sferoSi, ar unda CaiTvalos, rom es<br />

SemTxveva konvenciasTan SemxeblobaSi ar modis. me-2 muxlis gavrcelebas<br />

iseT SemTxvevebze, sadac sikvdili ar dadga, magram gamoyenebuli iyo<br />

sasikvdilo Zala, am naklovanebis Sevseba SeuZlia.<br />

45. rac Seexeba saxelmwifos valdebulebas konvenciis me-2 muxlidan<br />

gamomdinare, instituti xazs usvams, rom saxelmwifos, `negatiuri<br />

valdebulebis~ garda, ar Caidinos sicocxlis uflebis ganzraxi<br />

xelyofa, ekisreba agreTve am uflebasTan dakavSirebuli `pozitiuri<br />

valdebulebebi~. kerZod, saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebi valdebulni iyvnen,<br />

daedginaT konkretuli procedurebi samarTaldamcavi organoebisaTvis<br />

iaraRis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT. am ukanasknelT aseve unda gaevloT<br />

Sesabamisi momzadeba da miscemodaT instruqtaJi. garda amisa, instituti<br />

aseve did mniSvnelobas aniWebs proporciulobis wess sasikvdilo Zalis<br />

gamoyenebisas. bolos, institutma xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom adgilobrivi<br />

organoebi valdebulni iyvnen, CaetarebinaT oficialuri, efeqturi,<br />

swrafi da damoukidebeli gamoZieba im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac xdeboda<br />

pirTa mkvleloba iaraRis gamoyenebis Sedegad. es midgoma unda<br />

gavrcelebuliyo im SemTxvevebzec, rodesac sasikvdilo Sedegi ar dadga.<br />

es iyo aucilebeli piroba nebismieri sistemis dasangrevad, romelic<br />

uSvebda iseTi fundamenturi uflebis damrRvev pirTa dausjelobas,<br />

rogoricaa sicocxlis ufleba.<br />

sasamarTlos Sefaseba<br />

1. faqtebis dadgena<br />

46. sasamarTlo valdebulia, daadginos, aqvs Tu ara adgili, saqmis<br />

konkretuli garemoebebidan gamomdinare, sicocxlis uflebis darRvevas<br />

da saxelmwifos mier konvenciis me-2 muxliT dadgenili proceduruli<br />

valdebulebebis Seusruleblobas adekvaturi da efeqturi gamoZiebis<br />

CautareblobiT.<br />

61

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

47. sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom igi ganixilavs metad urTierTsawinaaRmdego<br />

faqtTa erTobliobas, romlebic ukavSirdeba ganmcxadeblis dakavebis<br />

operaciasa da dapatimrebas. ufro metic, is acxadebs, rom ar iyo<br />

gamovlenili is piri Tu pirebi, romlebmac cecxlsasroli iaraRidan<br />

gasroliT daWres ganmcxadebeli. sasamarTlo aucileblad ar miiCnevs,<br />

gadaamowmos yvela faqti saqmis saerTo suraTis warmosaxvisaTvis. igi<br />

aRniSnavs, rom am saqmis faqtebi ukve ganixila adgilobrivma sasamarTlom<br />

(ix. zemoT punqti 19). Sesabamisad, strasburgSi ar warmoudgeniaT raime<br />

dokumenti, romelic kiTxvis niSnis qveS daayenebda aTenis sisxlis<br />

samarTlis pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier dadgenil faqtebs da<br />

aiZulebda sasamarTlos (aq igulisxmeba evrosasamarTlo), uari eTqva<br />

am faqtebze (ix. klasi germaniis winaaRmdeg, 1993 wlis 22 seqtembris<br />

gadawyvetileba, seria A no. 269, gv. 17-18, § 30).<br />

48. Sesabamisad, miuxedavad imisa, rom garkveuli faqtebi ar aris mkveTrad<br />

warmosaxuli, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom saqmeSi moipoveba sakmarisi<br />

faqtobrivi da mtkicebulebiTi maragi, romlis safuZvelzec sasamarTlos<br />

SeeZleba, Seafasos saqme, romlis sayrdenad, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna,<br />

gamoiyenebs erovnuli sasamarTlos mier dadgenil garemoebebs.<br />

2. konvenciis me-2 muxlis gamoyeneba<br />

49. winamdebare saqmeSi ganmcxadeblis winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli Zala ar<br />

aRmoCnda sasikvdilo. Tumca, es ar gamoricxavs ganmcxadeblis saCivris<br />

ganxilvas konvenciis me-2 muxlTan mimarTebiT, romlis teqsti iZleva misi<br />

gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas ara mxolod ganzraxi mkvlelobisas, aramed<br />

iseTi Zalis gamoyenebisas, romelsac SeeZlo gamoewvia sikvdili, rogorc<br />

sicocxlis uflebis Selaxvis arapirdapiri Sedegi (ix. ilhani TurqeTis<br />

winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 22277/93, § 75, ECHR 2000-VII). sasamarTlos adrec<br />

ganuxilavs saqmeebi, sadac darRvevis savaraudo msxverpli ar daRupula<br />

sadao qmedebis Sedegad.<br />

50. amasTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlom ukve aRniSna, rom konvenciis<br />

me-2 § 1 muxlis pirveli winadadebis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifos ekisreba<br />

pozitiuri valdebuleba, daicvas sicocxlis ufleba mesame pirTa Carevis<br />

an sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi zianis miyenebisagan (ix. osmani gaerTianebuli<br />

samefos winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 28 oqtombris gadawyvetileba,<br />

gadawyvetilebaTa angariSebi 1998-VIII, gv. 3159-63, §§ 115-22; iasa TurqeTis<br />

winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 2 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, angariSebi 1998-VI, gv.<br />

2436-41, §§ 92-108; da el.si.bi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis<br />

8 ivnisis gadawyvetileba, angariSebi 1998-III, gv. 1403-04, §§ 36-41).<br />

51. meore mxriv, sasamarTlo precedenti adgens, rom mxolod gamonaklis<br />

SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba, saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa mxridan cudma<br />

mopyrobam, romelic ar sruldeba sasikvdilo SedegiT, gamoiwvios<br />

darRvevis ganxilva konvenciis me-2 muxlis WrilSi. cnobilia, rom im<br />

pirTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba, romlebic CarTulni<br />

iyvnen Zalis gamoyenebis sadavo qmedebaSi, sasamarTlos winaSe ganxilvis<br />

sagans ar warmoadgens. miuxedavad amisa, Zalis gamoyenebis xarisxi da<br />

forma, agreTve, Zalis gamoyenebis ganzraxva da mizani sxva dakavSirebul<br />

garemoebebTan erTad SeiZleba aRmoCndes mniSvnelovani imis Sefasebisas,<br />

iyo Tu ara saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa qmedeba imdenad saSiSi da<br />

62

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makaraZisi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg<br />

realuri sasikvdilo Sedegis dadgomisaTvis, rom is ganxilul iqnes<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxliT uzrunvelyofili garantiebis farglebSi, am<br />

muxlis miznebidan gamomdinare. TiTqmis yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac piri<br />

xdeba Zaladobrivi Tavdasxmis an araadamianuri mopyrobis msxverpli<br />

policielTa an jariskacTa mxridan, saCivari, savaraudod, ganixileba<br />

konvenciis me-3 muxlis konteqstSi (ix. zemoT citirebuli ilhani, § 76).<br />

52. sasamarTlom winamdebare saqmeSi unda daadginos, iyo Tu ara<br />

ganmcxadeblis mimarT Zalis gamoyeneba potenciurad sasikvdilo da<br />

miiRes Tu ara saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebma yvela zoma imisaTvis, raTa<br />

daecvaT ara marto fizikuri xelSeuxebloba, aramed sicocxlis uflebiT<br />

garantirebuli interesebi.<br />

53. cnobilia, rom ganmcxadebels mosdevda Zalian bevri policiis<br />

TanamSromeli, romlebmac mis mimarT araerTxel gamoiyenes revolverebi,<br />

pistoletebi da avtomaturi cecxlsasroli iaraRi.<br />

sasamarTloSi wardgenili masalebidan irkveva, rom policiam iaraRi<br />

gamoiyena ganmcxadeblis manqanis gaCerebisa da misi dapatimrebis mizniT,<br />

rasac gansazRvravs kidec konvenciis me-2 punqti, rogorc SezRudvis<br />

erT-erT SesaZlebel samarTlebriv safuZvels. vinaidan me-3 muxlic<br />

ganxilvis sagania, unda aRiniSnos, rom dakavebis operaciis arc erT etapze<br />

policielTa mizani ar yofila misTvis tkivilis miyeneba an damamcirebeli<br />

da Rirsebis Semlaxveli damokidebuleba (ix. ilaSku da sxvebi moldaveTisa<br />

da ruseTis winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 48787/99, §§ 425-28, ECHR 2004-VII). kerZod,<br />

sasamarTlo sarwmunod ver miiCnevs ganmcxadeblis mtkicebas, rom mas<br />

fexSi esroles manqanidan gadmoyvanis Semdeg (ix. zemoT punqti 12).<br />

54. sasamarTlo iTvaliswinebs mTavrobis arguments, rom policias ar<br />

hqonda ganmcxadeblis mokvlis mizani. Tumca, SeniSnavs, rom ganmcxadeblis<br />

gadarCena mxolod bednieri SemTxvevis Sedegi iyo. balistikuri eqspertizis<br />

Sedegebis Tanaxmad, manqanaze _ mZRolis doneze da horizontalur<br />

sibrtyeze _ aRiniSna 16 naxvreti, warmoSobili cecxlsasroli iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebis Sedegad, sami xvreli da, aseve, dazianeba saqare minaze, romelic<br />

aRniSnuli zemoqmedebis Sedegad Caimsxvra. da bolos, ganmcxadebeli<br />

daiWra marjvena xelSi, marcxena fexSi, marcxena sajdomsa da gulmkerdis<br />

marjvena mxares, ris Semdeg 9 dRis ganmavlobaSi hospitalizirebuli iyo<br />

(ix. zemoT me-12 da me-14 punqtebi). dazianebebis seriozuloba ar gamxdara<br />

kamaTis sagani.<br />

55. zemoaRniSnuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, kerZod ki,<br />

gamoyenebuli Zalisa da formis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo adgens,<br />

rom, imisda miuxedavad, hqonda Tu ara policias ganmcxadeblis mokvlis<br />

ganzraxva, es ukanaskneli gaxda iseTi RonisZiebis msxverpli, romelmac<br />

aSkara riskis qveS daayena misi sicocxle. Sesabamisad, winamdebare<br />

saqmeSi konvenciis me-2 muxlis gamoyeneba misaRebia. ufro metic,<br />

ganmcxadeblis mimarT gamoyenebuli Zalis formisa da xarisxis, aseve,<br />

saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebis mier ganxorcielebuli sadavo qmedebis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom aRniSnuli faqtebi unda<br />

ganixilos konvenciis me-2 muxlis WrilSi.<br />

63

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

3. saxelmwifos mier pozitiuri valdebulebis savaraudo<br />

Seusrulebloba _ kanoniT daecva sicocxlis ufleba<br />

56. konvenciis me-2 muxli, romelic icavs sicocxlis uflebas da adgens<br />

garemoebebs, romlis drosac misi Selaxva SeiZleba gamarTlebulad<br />

CaiTvalos, konvenciis erT-erTi yvelaze fundamenturi normaa, romlisgan<br />

gadaxveva yovlad dauSvebelia (ix. velikova bulgareTis winaaRmdeg, no.<br />

41488/98, § 68, ECHR 2000-VI). me-3 muxlTan erTad is warmoadgens demokratiuli<br />

sazogadoebebis erT-erT uZiriTades Rirebulebas. garemoebebi, romelTa<br />

drosac sicocxlis uflebis Selaxva SeiZleba gamarTlebulad CaiTvalos,<br />

unda ganimartos Zalian SezRudulad (ix. salmani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

[GC], no. 21986/93, § 97, ECHR 2000-VII). konvenciis amocana da mizania individTa<br />

dacva, amitomac is iTxovs, me-2 muxli gamoyenebul da ganmartebul iqnes<br />

imgvarad, rom mis mier dadgenili dacvis garantiebi iyos efeqturi da<br />

praqtikuli (ix. makqeni da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, 1995<br />

wlis 27 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, seriebi A no. 324, gv. 45-46, §§ 146-47).<br />

57. me-2 § 1 muxlis pirveli winadadeba saxelmwifos avaldebulebs, ara<br />

marto Tavi Seikavos sicocxlis ganzraxi da ukanono xelyofisagan, aramed<br />

daadginos dacvis iseTi Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi garantiebi, romlebic<br />

misi iurisdiqciis farglebSi daicaven adamianTa sicocxles (ix. keliji<br />

TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, no. 22492/93, § 62, ECHR 2000-III). aRniSnuli moicavs<br />

saxelmwifos upirveles valdebulebas, daicvas sicocxlis ufleba<br />

saTanado administraciuli da samarTlebrivi bazis amoqmedebiT, raTa<br />

aRkveTos pirovnebis winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSaulis faqtebi. aRniSnuli<br />

sakanonmdeblo baza aRsruldeba samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier<br />

warmodgenili meqanizmiT danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis, gamoaSkaravebisa<br />

da msgavsi darRvevis gamo dasjis uzrunvelsayofad.<br />

58. rogorc me-2 muxlis teqsti aCvenebs, sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyeneba<br />

policielTa mier SeiZleba gamarTldes mxolod garkveul garemoebebSi.<br />

miuxedavad amisa, me-2 muxli ar iZleva carte blanche SesaZleblobas.<br />

saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa mier Cadenili dauregulirebeli da<br />

TviTneburi qmedebebi SeuTavsebelia adamianis uflebaTa efeqtur<br />

dacvasTan. aRniSnuli gulisxmobs, rom policiis operaciebi da piris<br />

qmedebebi, romelsac, kanonis mixedviT, aqvs iaraRis gamoyenebis ufleba,<br />

kanoniT sakmarisad unda iyos daregulirebuli ise, rom arsebobdes Zalis<br />

TviTneburi gamoyenebisagan adekvaturi da efeqturi dacva (ix, mutatis<br />

mutandis, hilda halfStainsdotiri islandiis winaaRmdeg, 2004 wlis 8<br />

ivnisis gadawyvetileba; aseve, ix. adamianis uflebaTa komiteti, ZiriTadi<br />

komentari, n.6, muxli 6, me-16 sesia (1982) § 3).<br />

59. zemoTqmulis da demokratiul sazogadoebaSi me-2 muxliT daculi<br />

uflebis mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlom aRniSnuli sakiTxi<br />

unda dauqvemdebaros Zalian detalur ganxilvas da mxedvelobaSi<br />

miiRos ara marto saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa qmedeba, romlebmac<br />

moaxdines iaraRis gamoyenebis administrireba, aramed saqmesTan<br />

dakavSirebuli yvela garemoeba, maT Soris, dakavebis operaciis<br />

dagegmvisa da kontrolirebis sakiTxebi (ix. zemoT citirebuli makqani da<br />

sxvebi, gv. 46, § 150). amasTan dakavSirebiT, unda aRiniSnos, rom policiis<br />

TanamSromlebi TavianTi movaleobis Sesrulebisas ar unda moqmedebdnen<br />

saregulacio vakuumis pirobebSi operaciis dagegmvis, ganxorcielebis<br />

an spontanurad wamowyebuli operaciis dros warmoqmnili saSiSroebis<br />

64

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makaraZisi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg<br />

aRkveTis mizniT: administraciuli da sakanonmdeblo baza Zalian zustad<br />

unda gansazRvravdes, Tu rodis SeuZliaT samarTaldamcavi organoebis<br />

warmomadgenlebs Zalis an cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba saerTaSoriso<br />

standartebis Sesabamisad (ix. mag. `gaeros Zalisa da cecxlsasroli<br />

iaraRis principebi~ _ punqtebi 30-32).<br />

60. am mimarTebiT sasamarTlom unda ganixilos ara marto sakiTxi, iyo<br />

Tu ara ganmcxadeblis mimarT potenciurad sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyeneba<br />

legitimuri, aramed isic, daigegma da regulirdeboda Tu ara operacia<br />

ise, rom momxdariyo sasikvdilo Sedegis maqsimaluri minimalizacia.<br />

61. saberZneTis mTavrobam, uTiTebda ra kanons 3169/2003, romelic bolo<br />

periodSi miiRes saberZneTSi, warmoadgina policielTa mier iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebisa da maTi momzadebis samarTlebrivi bazis mimoxilva da<br />

aRniSna, rom is Seesabameboda saerTaSoriso standartebis moTxovnebs (ix.<br />

paragrafebi 25 da 27).<br />

62. Tumca, im dros, rodesac aRniSnuli movlenebi ganixileboda,<br />

moqmedebda kanoni no. 29/1943, romelic meore msoflios omis periodSi<br />

germaniis jarebis mier saberZneTis okupaciisas miiRes (ix. zemoT punqti<br />

25). xsenebuli kanoni ayalibebda Zalian vrcel CamonaTvals garemoebebisa,<br />

romelTa drosac policielebs hqondaT iaraRis gamoyenebis ufleba.<br />

prezidentis 1991 wlis brZanebulebiT, policielebs miecaT 1943 wlis<br />

kanoniT gansazRvrul pirobebSi iaraRis gamoyenebis ufleba, Tumca,<br />

mxolod `maSin, rodesac es absolutur aucileblobas warmoadgens da<br />

rodesac sxva naklebad eqstremalurma meTodebma Sedegi ver gamoiRo~<br />

(ix. zemoT punqti 25). saberZneTis kanonmdebloba ar Seicavda raime sxva<br />

debulebas, romelic konkretulad gansazRvravda iaraRis gamoyenebis<br />

sakiTxebsa da proceduras policielTaTvis. amis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

saberZneTSi arsebuli dacvis samarTlebrivi baza ver CaiTvleba evropis<br />

demokratiul sazogadoebebSi arsebul sicocxlis uflebis `kanoniT~<br />

dacvis moTxovnebTan Sesabamisad.<br />

63. aRniSnuli daskvna saberZneTis kanonmdeblobasTan dakavSirebiT<br />

dadasturda saqmis mosmenis dros warmodgenili mtkicebulebebiT da<br />

dadginda, rom gansaxilveli periodisTvis, kerZod ki, sasikvdilo Zalis<br />

gamoyenebis dros, saberZneTis samarTlebrivi da administraciuli baza<br />

iyo swored aseTi.<br />

64. ubrundeba ra saqmis garemoebebs, sasamarTlo exmianeba saberZneTis<br />

adgilobrivi sasamarTlos mier dadgenil faqtebs, rom ganmcxadebeli<br />

aTenis centrSi manqanas gansakuTrebiT gadaWarbebuli siswrafiT marTavda,<br />

rac safrTxes uqmnida garSemomyofi mSvidobiani moqalaqeebisa da<br />

policiis TanamSromlebis sicocxles. Sesabamisad, policia uflebamosili<br />

da valdebuli iyo, emoqmeda saxifaTo obieqtis qmedebis aRsakveTad.<br />

misi gaCerebis mizniT, uSedegod iqna gamoyenebuli alternatiuli<br />

saSualebebi. ufro metic, policielebi, romlebic ganmcxadebels<br />

misdevdnen, sakontrolo centridan informirebulni iyvnen imis Sesaxeb,<br />

rom SesaZlebelia ganmcxadebeli yofiliyo SeiaraRebuli da saSiSi. maT<br />

aseve sjerodaT, rom moqmedebebi, romlebic ganmcxadebelma manqanis<br />

gaCerebis Semdeg ganaxorciela, miuTiTebda imaze, rom is SeiaraRebuli<br />

iyo (ix. zemoT braldebuli policielebis mowmis Cvenebani, punqti 17; da<br />

b-n ventourisa da b-n davarias gancxadebebi, punqti 18).<br />

65

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

65. kidev erTi mniSvnelovani faqtori, romelic mxedvelobaSi unda<br />

iqnes miRebuli, aris is, rom saberZneTSi im periodSi arsebuli klimati<br />

gamoirCeoda teroristuli qmedebebiT, romlebic mimarTuli iyo<br />

sagareo interesebis winaaRmdeg. magaliTad, jgufma, romelic cnobili<br />

iyo rogorc `17 noembris revoluciuri organizacia~ da daarsda 1975<br />

wels, Caidina araerTi danaSauli 2002 wels mis darbevamde, maT Soris,<br />

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saelCos TanamSromelTa mkvlelobebi (ix.<br />

zemoT punqti 26). am faqtorma da iman, rom ganmcxadebeli Ramis saaTebSi<br />

moZraobda aSS-is saelCos siaxloves, policielebs sababi misca, efiqraT,<br />

rom is Zalian did safrTxes qmnida.<br />

66. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo adgens, rom Seqmnili viTarebidan da<br />

safrTxidan gamomdinare, policias Seeqmna safuZveli, efiqra, rom<br />

arsebobda iaraRis gamoyenebis saWiroeba manqanis gaCerebisa da<br />

ganmcxadeblis mxridan SesaZlo safrTxis neitralizebisaTvis da ara,<br />

ubralod, im mZRolis gasaCereblad, romelmac wiTel Suqze gaiara.<br />

aqedan gamomdinare, miuxedavad imisa, rom, rogorc mogvianebiT aRmoCnda,<br />

ganmcxadebeli ar iyo SeiaraRebuli da arc teroristi, policielebi<br />

moqmedebdnen keTilsindisieri miznebiT, rodesac mimarTes Zalis<br />

gamoyenebas misi dakavebisa da ganeitralebis mizniT. sxvagvarad saqmis<br />

gadawyveta albaT SeboWavda saxelmwifosa da samarTaldamcav organoebs<br />

ararealuri valdebulebiT sakuTari movaleobebis Sesrulebisas, rac<br />

gamoiwvevda maTi da sxvaTa sicocxlis safrTxeSi Cagdebas (ix. zemoT<br />

citirebuli makqeni da sxvebi, gv. 58-59, § 200).<br />

67. miuxedavad imisa, rom winamdebare saqmeSi sasikvdilo Zalis<br />

gamoyeneba arsebul garemoebebSi SeiZleba konvenciis me-2 muxliT<br />

dadgenil standartebTan Sesabamisad CaiTvalos, sasamarTlo<br />

SeSfoTebulia cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis qaoturi xasiaTiT.<br />

gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqti, rom ganmcxadeblis mimarT gasrola<br />

ganaxorciela ganusazRvreli raodenobis policielma revolverebidan,<br />

pistoletebidan da cecxlsasroli avtomaturi iaraRidan. manqanaze _<br />

mZRolis doneze da horizontalur sibrtyeze _ aRiniSna cecxlsasroli<br />

iaraRis gamoyenebis Sedegad warmoSobili 16 naxvreti. sami xvreli da<br />

raRac niSani aRiniSneboda saqare minaze, Caimsxvra ukana fanjarac (ix.<br />

zemoT punqti 14). amis Sedegad, naTeli xdeba, rom didi raodenobiT<br />

policielma monawileoba miiRo ganmcxadeblis sruliad ukontrolo<br />

dakavebis operaciaSi.<br />

68. seriozuli kiTxva daismis operaciis organizebisa da ganxorcielebis<br />

sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. policielTa nawils instruqcia mieca<br />

sakontrolo centridan, danarCenebi ki, ubralod, sakuTari gumaniT<br />

moqmedebdnen kolegebis daxmarebis mizniT, Tanac yovelgvari instruqciis<br />

gareSe. mkveTri instruqciis ararsebobam gazarda iaraRis ukontrolo<br />

gamoyenebis riski.<br />

69. sasamarTlo ver datovebs yuradRebis gareSe im faqts, rom ganmcxadebeli<br />

daiWra daugegmavi operaciis Sedegad, rodesac policielebi moqmedebdnen<br />

yovelgvari winaswari momzadebis gareSe. im sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

rac axlavs Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi policiis funqciebis<br />

Sesrulebas, adamianis qcevis araprognozirebadobas da operaciis dros<br />

prioritetebisa da resursebis Sesabamisad arCevanis gakeTebas, pozitiuri<br />

valdebuleba ise unda ganimartos, rom xelisuflebisgan SeuZlebeli ar<br />

66

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makaraZisi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg<br />

iqnes moTxovnili (ix, a contrario, rehboki sloveniis winaaRmdeg, no. 29462/95,<br />

§§ 71-72, ECHR 2000-XII). (ix, mutatis mutandis, mahmut kaia TurqeTis winaaRmdeg,<br />

no. 22535/93, § 86, ECHR 2000-III).<br />

70. miuxedavad imisa, rom operaciaSi Cabmul policielebs ar hqondaT<br />

sakmarisi dro mdgomareobis sruli Sefasebisa da operaciis frTxili<br />

dagegmvisaTvis, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom viTarebis aseTi degeneracia,<br />

rasac Tavad zogierTi policiis oficeri uwodebda qaoturs (ix.<br />

magaliTad, b-n manoliadisis Cveneba _ zemoT, punqti 17), metwilad imis<br />

gamo moxda, rom operaciaSi Cabmuli calkeuli pirebi da mdevarTa gundi<br />

koleqtiurad ver flobdnen struqturirebuli operaciis warmoebis<br />

unars. arada, adgilobrivi samarTliT da praqtikiT, amgvari ram winaswar<br />

unda yofiliyo gansazRvruli. sinamdvileSi, sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom<br />

1995 wels, rodesac aRniSnul movlenas hqonda adgili, kanoni, romelic<br />

demokratiuli sazogadoebisaTvis Seuferebeli da dromoWmuli iyo,<br />

jer kidev aregulirebda saxelmwifo warmomadgenelTa mxridan iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebas. aRniSnuli sistema ar aZlevda samarTaldamcavi organoebis<br />

warmomadgenlebs mSvidobian dros iaraRis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebis zust<br />

kriteriumebs da instruqcias. aRniSnul pirobebSi gardauvali iyo, rom<br />

policias hqonoda ufro meti avtonomia _ Tavad ganesazRvra iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebis aucilebloba, vidre Sesabamisi da adekvaturi momzadebisa Tu<br />

instruqtaJis SemTxvevaSi. naTeli miTiTebebis ararsebobis gamoxatulebaa<br />

swored is faqti, rom operaciaSi monawileobas iRebda ganusazRvreli<br />

raodenobis policieli yovelgvari komandirebis gareSe.<br />

71. zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo adgens, rom, vinaidan<br />

saqme exeboda konvenciis 2 § 1 muxlis pirvel winadadebaSi gamoxatul<br />

pozitiur valdebulebas Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi bazis amoqmedebasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT saberZneTis mTavroba ver uzrunvelyofda, potenciurad<br />

sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebisagan daecva Tavisi moqalaqeebi da,<br />

gansakuTrebiT, ganmcxadeblis msgavsi pirebi (ix. mutatis mutandis, osmani,<br />

zemoT citirebuli gv. 3160, § 116 in fine).<br />

72. Sesabamisad, ganmcxadebeli iyo konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRvevis<br />

msxverpli am safuZvliT. am daskvnis gaTvaliswinebiT, aucilebeli ar<br />

aris, ganxorcielebuli sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi moqmedebebi ganxilul<br />

iqnes konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtis WrilSi.<br />

4. savaraudo araadekvaturi gamoZiebis Sesaxeb<br />

73. konvenciis me-2 muxliT gansazRvruli valdebuleba ikiTxeba<br />

amave konvenciis pirveli muxliT saxelmwifoze dakisrebul ZiriTad<br />

valdebulebasTan: `daicvas konvenciiT dadgenili yvela ufleba da<br />

Tavisufleba sakuTari iurisdiqciis farglebSi.~ aRniSnuli miuTiTebs,<br />

rom qveyanaSi unda arsebobdes raime formis efeqturi gamoZieba,<br />

romelsac SeeZleba, naTeli mohfinos piris sikvdilis faqts, romelic<br />

dadga Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegad (ix. jakici TurqeTis winaaRmdeg [GC], no.<br />

23657/94, § 86, ECHR 1999-IV). aRniSnuli gamoZiebis ZiriTadi mizania, daicvas<br />

kanonmdeblobiT sicocxlis uflebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis dadgenili<br />

garantiebi da im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sikvdilis dadgomaSi monawileoba miiRes<br />

saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebma an xelisuflebis organoebma, uzrunvelyos<br />

pasuxismgebloba damdgari Sedegis gamo (ix. angelova bulgareTis<br />

67

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

winaaRmdeg, no. 38361/97, § 137, ECHR 2002-IV). msgavs SemTxvevebSi, xSirad<br />

ZiriTadi informacia momxdaris Sesaxeb saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis pirTa an<br />

organoTa eqskluziuri codnis farglebSia. saTanado SidasamarTlebrivi<br />

samarTalwarmoebis dawyeba, rogoricaa sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna,<br />

disciplinuri samarTalwarmoeba, msxverplisa da misi ojaxis wevrebisTvis<br />

xelmisawvdomi samarTlebrivi saSualebebis gamoyeneba, damokidebulia<br />

adekvatur, oficialur gamoZiebaze, romelic unda iyos damoukidebeli<br />

da miukerZoebeli. msgavsi midgoma gamoiyeneba winamdebare saqmeSic, sadac<br />

sasamarTlom daadgina, rom policiis mier Zalis gamoyenebam safrTxis<br />

winaSe daayena ganmcxadeblis sicocxle (ix. zemoT punqtebi 53 da 55).<br />

74. upirvelesad, gamoZiebas unda SeeZlos, daadginos garemoebebi,<br />

romlebSic adgili hqonda konkretul incidents da meore, mas unda<br />

SeeZlos pasuxismgebeli pirebis gamovlena da maTi dasja. es ar aris Sedegze<br />

damyarebuli valdebuleba, aramed fokusirebulia ganxorcielebis<br />

formaze. saxelmwifo organoebma unda miiRon maTTvis xelmisawvdomi<br />

yvela zoma saqmesTan dakavSirebul mtkicebulebaTa SesanarCuneblad,<br />

rogoricaa, inter alia, TviTmxilvelTa Cveneba da sasamarTlo samedicino<br />

eqspertizis mier warmodgenili mtkicebulebani. rac Seexeba droulobisa<br />

da gonivrulobis moTxovnas, is zemoaRniSnuli valdebulebebis ganuxreli<br />

nawilia. nebismieri darRveva gamoZiebis procesSi, romelic SeuZlebels<br />

gaxdis saqmis garemoebebis an damnaSave pirebis dadgenis SesaZleblobas,<br />

ver CaiTvleba efeqtur gamoZiebad dadgenili standartebis Sesabamisad<br />

(ix. keli da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, no. 30054/96, §§ 96-97,<br />

2001 wlis 4 maisi; da zemoT citirebuli angelova, § 139).<br />

75. winamdebare saqmeSi incidents mohyva administraciuli gamoZiebis<br />

dawyeba. garkveuli raodenobis policieli da TviTmxilveli daikiTxa da<br />

garkveuli laboratoriuli gamokvlevebic Catarda. gamoZiebis Semdeg<br />

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna daiwyo Svidi policielis winaaRmdeg,<br />

romlebic SemdgomSi gaamarTles (ix. zemoT punqtebi 13 da 15).<br />

76. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom adgili hqonda garkveul<br />

gadacdomebs gamoZiebis Catarebis procesSi. kerZod, sasamarTlo<br />

mniSvnelovnad miiCnevs, rom adgilobrivi gamoZiebis Sedegad ver dadginda<br />

yvela im piris vinaoba, vinc monawileoba miiRo ganmcxadeblis dakavebis<br />

operaciaSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom zogierTma policielma ise datova<br />

SemTxvevis adgili, rom ar mouxdenia sakuTari Tavis identifikacia da<br />

iaraRis Cabareba. Sesabamisad, zogierTi iaraRi, romelic gamoiyenes, arc<br />

ki iyo dafiqsirebuli. es dadasturda adgilobrivi sasamarTlos mierac.<br />

aseve, Sesabamisma organoebma ar moiTxoves im policielTa sia, romlebic<br />

incidentis dros morigeobaze imyofebodnen. am kuTxiT arc sxva raime<br />

nabiji gadadgmula. ufro metic, xazgasasmelia, rom SemTxvevis adgilidan<br />

amoiRes mxolod 3 vazna, ganmcxadeblis sxeulidan, kerZod, fexidan _<br />

erTi gula, xolo erTi kvlav rCeba mis sajdomze. sxva amoRebuli gulebis<br />

warmodgena ar momxdara.<br />

77. zemoaRniSnulma gadacdomebma adgilobriv sasamarTloebs saSualeba<br />

ar misca, srulad daedginaT SemTxvevis faqtebi, rogorc amas winaaRmdeg<br />

SemTxvevaSi gaakeTebdnen. unda aRiniSnos, rom Svidive policieli,<br />

romlebsac brali edebodaT sxeulis mZime dazianebaSi, gaamarTles,<br />

vinaidan ver iqna damtkicebuli gonivruli eWvis miRma, rom swored am<br />

policielebma miayenes ganmcxadebels Wrilobebi, radganac araerTi<br />

68

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makaraZisi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg<br />

srola ganxorcielda daudgeneli iaraRidanac (ix. zemoT punqti 19).<br />

sasamarTlo ver darwmunda imaSi, rom saxelmwifo organoebs ar SeeZloT<br />

ufro qmediTi RonisZiebebis gatareba incidentTan dakavSirebiT meti<br />

mtkicebulebis miRebis mizniT.<br />

78. zemoaRniSnuli dadgenilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo acxadebs,<br />

rom saxelmwifo organoebma ver ganaxorcieles incidentis efeqturi<br />

gamoZieba. gamoZiebis arasruli da araadekvaturi xasiaTi vlindeba faqtiT,<br />

rom gamoZiebam ver daadgina im pirTa vinaoba, romlebic monawileobdnen<br />

operaciaSi da romlebmac uSualod daWres ganmcxadebeli.<br />

79. Sesabamisad, adgili hqonda konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRvevas am<br />

mimarTebiT.<br />

5. saxelmwifo organoTa mier me-2 muxliT dadgenil procesualur<br />

valdebulebebTan savaraudo Seusabamobis Sesaxeb<br />

80. zemoaRniSnuli sasamarTlo daskvnebis gaTvaliswinebiT (ix. punqtebi<br />

72 da 79), sasamarTlos aucileblad ar miaCnia, imsjelos aRniSnul<br />

gadacdomebze, rogorc saxelmwifos mier Camoyalibebuli praqtikis<br />

nawilze, rogorc amas ganmcxadebeli moiTxovda. (ix. zemoT punqti 37).<br />

IV. konvenciis 41-e muxlis gamoyeneba<br />

87. konvenciis 41-e muxlis Tanaxmad:<br />

`Tu sasamarTlo daaskvnis, rom dairRva konvenciiT an misi oqmebiT<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli ufleba, xolo Sesabamisi maRali xelSemkvreli mxaris<br />

Sida samarTali, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, darRvevis mxolod nawilobriv<br />

gamosworebis SesaZleblobas iZleva, sasamarTlo dazaralebul mxares<br />

samarTlian dakmayofilebas miakuTvnebs.~<br />

A. ziani<br />

1. materialuri ziani<br />

88. ganmcxadebelma moiTxova 60,000 evro im materialuri zaralis gamo,<br />

romelic man miiRo incidentidan 20 Tvis ganmavlobaSi da, aseve, momavali<br />

15 wlis ganmavlobaSi Semcirebuli Semosavlis gamo.<br />

89. mTavrobam ganacxada, rom es moTxovna iyo gadaWarbebuli da<br />

gaumarTlebeli. isini aRniSnavdnen, rom incidentamdec ganmcxadebels<br />

hqonda fsiqologiuri problemebi, ris gamoc mas ar hqonda muSaobis<br />

SesaZlebloba.<br />

90. sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom moTxovna exeba miuRebel Semosavals<br />

incidentidan 20 Tvis ganmavlobaSi da, aseve, Semcirebul Semosavals<br />

momavali 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi. sasamarTlos TqmiT, ganmcxadeblis mier<br />

aranairi marwmunebeli mtkicebuleba ar warmodgenila amis Taobaze, rac<br />

unda Sefasdes, rogorc metad spekulaciuri. am mizeziT, sasamarTlo ar<br />

adgens raime dakmayofilebas mosarCelis sasargeblod.<br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

2. aramaterialuri ziani<br />

91. ganmcxadebelma moiTxova 75,000 evro aramaterialuri zianisaTvis<br />

_ gamowveuli SiSis, tkivilisa da miyenebuli WrilobebisaTvis. is<br />

amtkicebda, rom amiT misi sicocxle daingra.<br />

92. mTavrobam gaimeora, rom ganmcxadebelma sakuTari qmedebiT safrTxe<br />

Seuqmna sxva udanaSaulo pirTa sicocxlesac. is amtkicebda, rom<br />

konvenciis muxlis darRvevis dadgena ukve unda CaTvliliyo samarTlian<br />

dakmayofilebad.<br />

93. iTvaliswinebs ra winamdebare saqmis garemoebebs, sasamarTlo SeniSnavs,<br />

rom ganmcxadebelma marTlac ganicada aramaterialuri ziani. Sesabamisad,<br />

samarTlian dakmayofilebad ver CaiTvleboda mxolod konvenciis muxlis<br />

darRveulad cnoba mis mimarT. afasebs ra saqmis viTarebas, sasamarTlo<br />

gasamrjelos saxiT mosarCeles akuTvnebs 15,000 evros.<br />

konvenciis 45 § 2 muxlisa da sasamarTlos wesebis 74 § 2 wesis Tanaxmad,<br />

Semdegi gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi Tan erTvis gadawyvetilebas:<br />

(a) erToblivi mosazreba: b-ni kosta, ser nikolas bratca, b-ni lorenceni<br />

da q-ni vaiCi.<br />

(b) gansxvavebuli mosazreba: b-ni vildhaberi, romelsac SeuerTdnen b-ni<br />

kovleri da q-ni mularoni.<br />

(g) nawilobriv gansxvavebuli mosazreba: q-ni tsatsa-nikolovska,<br />

romelsac SeuerTda q-ni straJicka.<br />

70

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4. saqme naCova da sxvebi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

(ganacxadi no. 43577/98 da 43579/98)<br />

gadawyvetileba<br />

strasburgi<br />

2005 wlis 6 ivlisi<br />

procedura<br />

saqmiswarmoeba daiwyo ori ganacxadiT (43577/98 da 43579/98), romlebic<br />

1998 wlis 15 maiss adamianis uflebaTa komisiaSi (`komisia~), adamianis<br />

uflebaTa da fundamentur TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis<br />

(`konvencia~) 25-e muxlis safuZvelze, bulgareTis respublikis winaaRmdeg<br />

Semoitana bulgareTis oTxma moqalaqem _ qalbatonebma: anelia kunCovanaCovam,<br />

aqsinia hristovam, Todorka petrova-rangelovam da batonma<br />

rangel petkov-rangelovma (`ganmcxadeblebi~).<br />

saqmis faqtobrivi mxare (mokle, araoficialuri versia)<br />

1996 wlis 15 ivliss batonebi angelovi da petkovi, 21 wlis axalwveulebis<br />

armiis samSeneblo ZalebSi, gaiqcnen mSeneblobidan da Tavi Seafares<br />

batoni angelovis bebias qalbaton tonkovas, romelic cxovrobda sofel<br />

lesuraSi. cota xniT adre, imave wels isini dakavebulni iqnen im mizeziT,<br />

rom xSirad tovebdnen mSeneblobis adgils nebarTvis gareSe. amis gamo, 22<br />

maiss baton angelovs miesaja 9 Tviani patimroba, xolo petkovs – 5 Tviani.<br />

manamde orive nasamarTlevi iyo qurdobisTvis. gaqcevis momentisTvis<br />

isini gayvanilebi iyvnen cixidan mSeneblobaze.<br />

maior g-s meTaurobiT maT dasakaveblad gagzavnil iqna oTxi oficeri.<br />

oficrebi gaafrTxiles, rom dasakavebel pirebs hqondaT nasamarTloba<br />

da rom SeeZloT maT dasakaveblad gamoeyenebinaT nebismieri saWiro<br />

saSualeba. serJantma n-ma icno saxli, radgan aq erTxel ukve daakava<br />

b-ni angelovi samuSao adgilis unebarTvod mitovebis gamo. gaqceulebma<br />

SeamCnies manqana da scades gaqceva. erT-erTma oficerma amoiRo iaraRi<br />

da moiTxova gaCerebuliyvnen, magram maT sirbili gaagrZeles. maiorma<br />

g-m gaafrTxila isini, rom Tu ar gaCerdebodnen, cecxls gaxsnida da<br />

asec moiqca. srolis Sedegad orive gaqceuli daiWra. oficrebma isini<br />

waiyvanes vracas saavadmyofoSi, magram orive gzaSi daiRupa. ezo, sadac<br />

gaqceulebi daWres, ekuTvnoda baton m.m-s. srolis dros man SeamCnia, rom<br />

misi patara SviliSvili SemTxvevis adgilTan axlos idga. man oficrebs<br />

sTxova nebarTva, rom misuliyo da bavSvi gamoeyvana. maiorma g-m mas iaraRi<br />

mouRera da Seuracxyo fraziT `Tqve wyeulo boSebo!”<br />

samarTlebrivi mxare<br />

I. saqmis farglebi<br />

83. didi palatisaTvis saqmis gadacemis Taobaze Suamdgomlobasa da<br />

mTavrobis mier gakeTebul werilobiT mimoxilvaSi did palatas eTxova,<br />

gadaesinja saqmis is sakiTxebi, romlebic xvdeba konvenciis me-14<br />

71

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

muxlis moqmedebis sferoSi. sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros mTavrobis<br />

warmomadgenlebma ganacxades, rom isini eTanxmebodnen palatis<br />

gadawyvetilebas konvenciis me-2 da me-13 muxlebTan mimarTebiT.<br />

84. ganmcxadeblebma sasamarTlos sTxoves, emsjela mxolod konvenciis<br />

me-14 muxlTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze, vinaidan palatis gadawyvetileba<br />

konvenciis me-2 da me-13 muxlebTan mimarTebiT sadao ar gamxdara.<br />

85. sasamarTlo imeorebs, rom didi palatis mier Suamdgomlobis<br />

dakmayofileba niSnavs, rom `mTeli saqme~ unda gadaeces did palatas<br />

arsebiTi ganxilvisa da xelaxali gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. didi<br />

palatisaTvis saqmis gadacema apriori gulisxmobs palatis winare<br />

gadawyvetilebis yvela aspeqtis gadasinjvas da ara mxolod saCivarSi<br />

miTiTebul sakiTxebze msjelobas (ix. qei da Ti fineTis winaaRmdeg [GC],<br />

no. 25702/94, ECHR 2001–VII, §§ 139-141).<br />

86. miuxedavad mxareTa survilisa, didma palatam imsjelos mxolod<br />

konvenciis me-14 muxlTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze, is valdebulia, aseve<br />

gadasinjos konvenciis me-2 da me-13 muxlebi.<br />

II. konvenciis me-2 muxlis savaraudo darRvevis Sesaxeb<br />

87. ganmcxadeblebi aRniSnavdnen, rom batonebi angelovi da petkovi mokles<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRveviT. maTi mtkicebiT, sikvdili warmoadgenda<br />

Sida samarTlisa da praqtikis uunarobis Sedegs, konvenciis Sesabamisad<br />

daeregulirebinaT saxelmwifo warmomadgenelTa mier cecxlsasroli<br />

iaraRis gamoyeneba. sinamdvileSi, saxelmwifo warmomadgenlebi<br />

aRWurvilni iyvnen uflebamosilebiT, gamoeyenebinaT sasikvdilo<br />

Zala iseT garemoebebSi, rodesac misi gamoyeneba ar iyo absoluturad<br />

aucilebeli. aRniSnuli faqti Tavad warmoadgens me-2 muxlis darRvevas.<br />

ganmcxadeblebi aseve Ciodnen, rom xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma ar<br />

Caatares sikvdilis faqtebis efeqturi gamoZieba.<br />

A. palatis gadawyvetileba<br />

89. palatam daadgina, rom konvenciis me-2 muxli krZalavs cecxlsasroli<br />

iaraRis gamoyenebas iseT pirTa dakavebis mizniT, romlebic, iseve<br />

rogorc angelovi da petkovi, eWvmitanilni iyvnen araZaladobrivi<br />

danaSaulis CadenaSi, ar iyvnen SeiaraRebulni da, Sesabamisad, ar<br />

uqmnidnen raime safrTxes maT damkavebel oficrebs an sxva pirebs.<br />

gamomdinare aqedan, mopasuxe mTavroba, mocemuli saqmis garemoebebis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT, pasuxismgebeli iyo konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRveviT<br />

sicocxlis warTmevis gamo batonebis angelovisa da petkovisTvis. me-2<br />

muxlis darRveva kidev ufro daamZima im faqtma, rom xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenlebma cecxlsasroli iaraRi gadaWarbebiT gamoiyenes da<br />

dakavebis operacia dagegmes da warmarTes me-2 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

wesis sawinaaRmdegod.<br />

90. palatam Semdgom daadgina, rom adgili hqonda mopasuxe mTavrobis mier<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxlis 1-li punqtis darRvevas, romlis mixedviTac, es<br />

ukanaskneli valdebuli iyo, efeqturad gamoeZia batonebis angelovisa da<br />

petkovis sikvdilis faqtebi. kerZod, gamoZieba xasiaTdeboda seriozuli<br />

72

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naCova da sxvebi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

auxsneli umoqmedobiT da winaaRmdegobebiT; saerTo midgomis xarvezs<br />

warmoadgenda isic, rom am procesSi gamoiyeneboda Sida samarTliT<br />

dadgenili standarti, romelic, Tavis mxriv, ar Seesabameboda konvenciis<br />

me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul standarts (`ar unda iyos<br />

absoluturad aucilebelze meti”).<br />

91. rac Seexeba ganmcxadebelTa saCivars imis Taobaze, rom mopasuxe<br />

mTavrobam aseve daarRvia valdebuleba, kanoniT daecva sicocxle,<br />

amasTan dakavSirebiT palatam gadawyvita, rom man ganixila saqmis<br />

yvela relevanturi sakiTxi da ar Tvlida aucileblad am Temaze calke<br />

msjelobas.<br />

B. mxareTa dasabuTeba<br />

92. didi palatis winaSe mTavrobis warmomadgenlebma da ganmcxadeblebma<br />

aRniSnes, rom isini aRiarebdnen palatis dadgenilebas konvenciis me-2<br />

muxlTan mimarTebiT.<br />

C. sasamarTlos Sefaseba<br />

1. waerTvaT Tu ara batonebs angelovsa da petkovs sicocxle konvenciis<br />

me-2 muxlis sawinaaRmdegod<br />

(a) zogadi principebi<br />

93. konvenciis me-2 muxli, romelic icavs sicocxlis uflebas, aRiarebulia<br />

konvenciis erT-erT yvelaze fundamentur debulebad da warmoadgens<br />

evropis sabWoSi Semavali demokratiuli sazogadoebebis erT-erT<br />

yvelaze arsebiT Rirebulebas. sasamarTlom am debulebis darRvevasTan<br />

dakavSirebuli gancxadebebi unda dauqvemdebaros gansakuTrebul,<br />

frTxil Semowmebas. saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa mier Zalis<br />

gamoyenebis SemTxvevebSi, gasaTvaliswinebelia ara mxolod saxelmwifos<br />

im warmomadgenelTa qmedebebi, romelTac uSualod moaxdines Zalis<br />

gamoyeneba, aramed unda gamoikvlios yvela garemoeba, dakavSirebuli<br />

iseT sakiTxebTan, rogoricaa Sesabamisi moqmedi sakanonmdeblo da<br />

maregulirebeli baza da gansaxilveli qmedebebis dagegmva da warmarTva<br />

(ix. makqeni da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, 1995 wlis 27<br />

seqtembris gadawyvetileba, seriebi A no. 324, gv. 46, § 150; da makaratzisi<br />

saberZneTis winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 50385/99, §§ 57-59, 2004 wlis dekemberi).<br />

94. rogorc Tavad me-2 paragrafis me-2 muxlis teqsti migviTiTebs,<br />

policielTa mier sasikvdilo iaraRis gamoyeneba SeiZleba gamarTldes<br />

garkveul garemoebebSi. Tumca, Zalis gamoyenebis nebismieri SemTxveva ar<br />

unda iyos `absoluturad aucilebelze~ meti e.i. mkacrad proporciuli<br />

Seqmnil garemoebebTan mimarTebiT. sicocxlis uflebis fundamenturi<br />

bunebis gaTvaliswinebiT, garemoebebi, romlebic sicocxlis warTmevis<br />

gamarTlebas warmoadgens, viwrod unda ganimartos (ix. androniku da<br />

konstantinu kviprosis winaaRmdeg, 1997 wlis 9 oqtombris gadawyvetileba.<br />

gadawyvetilebaTa angariSebi 1997-VI, gv. 2097-98, § 171, gv. 2102, § 181, gv.<br />

2104, § 186, gv. 2107, § 192 da gv. 2108, § 193; da makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos<br />

winaaRmdeg, no. 28883/95, § 108, seq. ECHR 2001-III).<br />

73

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

95. Sesabamisad da konvenciis me-2 § 2 (b) muxlis Tanaxmad, kanonierad<br />

dakavebis legitimuri miznisaTvis adamianis sicocxlis safrTxeSi Cagdeba<br />

gamarTlebuli iqneboda mxolod absoluturi aucileblobis pirobebSi.<br />

sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom amgvari aucilebloba principulad ar aris<br />

saxeze im SemTxvevaSi, roca aSkaraa, rom dasakavebeli piri ar qmnis safrTxes<br />

sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisTvis da ar aris eWvmitanili ZalmomreobiTi<br />

danaSaulis CadenaSi, Tundac sasikvdilo Zalis gamouyeneblobam<br />

ganapirobos gaqceuli damnaSavis Sepyrobis SesaZleblobis dakargva (ix.<br />

sasamarTlos midgoma saqmeSi makqeni da sxvebi, zemoT citirebuli gv.<br />

45-46, §§ 146-50 da gv. 56-62, §§ 192-214 da, ufro mogvianebiT, makaratzisis<br />

saqme, zemoT citirebuli §§ 64-66; aseve ix. sasamarTlos pozicia iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT SeuiaraRebeli da aramoZalade<br />

pirebis winaaRmdeg, romlebic cdilobdnen, daetovebinaT yofili<br />

germaniis demokratiuli respublika, gamoxatuli saqmeSi streleci,<br />

kesleri da krenci germaniis winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 34044/96, 35532/97 da<br />

44801/98, §§ 87, 96 da 97, ECHR 2001-II).<br />

96. garda im garemoebebis gansazRvrisa, romelTa drosac SesaZlebelia,<br />

moxdes sicocxlis uflebis xelyofa, konvenciis me-2 muxli adgens<br />

saxelmwifos umTavres valdebulebas, daicvas sicocxlis ufleba Sesabamisi<br />

samarTlebrivi da administraciuli sakanonmdeblo bazis amoqmedebiT,<br />

romlebic, relevanturi saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad, viwrod<br />

gansazRvraven im garemoebebs, romlebSic samarTaldamcavma organoebma<br />

SeiZleba gamoiyenon Zala an cecxlsasroli iaraRi (ix. makaraZisi, zemoT<br />

cit. §§ 57-59 da Sesabamisi nawili `gaeros ZiriTadi principebi Zalisa da<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRis samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier gamoyenebis<br />

Sesaxeb~, 71-74 punqtebi. zemoaRniSnuli principebis me-2 muxlTan mkacri<br />

Sesabamisobis sakiTxebze ix. makkeni da sxvebi, zemoT cit. gv. 46, § 149). bralis<br />

gareSe pasuxismgeblobis principis Sesabamisad (romelic igulisxmeba<br />

me-2 muxlSi), SidasamarTlebrivi baza, romelic aregulirebs dakavebis<br />

operacias, unda ukavSirebdes cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebas saqmis<br />

garemoebebis frTxil Sefasebas da, gansakuTrebiT, gaqceuli damnaSavis<br />

mier Cadenili danaSaulis xasiaTisa da im safrTxis Sefasebas, rasac igi<br />

qmnis.<br />

97. ufro metic, erovnuli kanonmdebloba, romelic gansazRvravs<br />

sapolicio operaciebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs, unda qmnides dacvis<br />

adekvatur da efeqtur garantiebs iaraRis TviTneburad da borotad<br />

gamoyenebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT da, agreTve, Tavidan acilebadi<br />

ubeduri SemTxvevis winaaRmdeg (ix. makaraZisi, zemoT cit. § 58). kerZod,<br />

samarTaldamcavi organoebis TanamSromlebma unda gaiaron Sesabamisi<br />

momzadeba imis Sesafaseblad, Tu ramdenad aucilebelia iaraRis gamoyeneba<br />

ara marto maregulirebeli normis moTxovnaTa, aramed adamianis<br />

sicocxlis fundamenturi Rirebulebis gaTvaliswinebiT (ix. sasamarTlos<br />

kritika `sasikvdilo gasrolis~ instruqciebTan dakavSirebiT saqmeze<br />

makkeni da sxvebi, zemoT cit. gv. 61-62, §§ 211-214).<br />

(b) zemoaRniSnuli principebis gamoyeneba winamdebare saqmeSi<br />

98. batonebi angelovi da petkovi mokles cecxlsasroli iaraRidan<br />

gasroliT samxedro policiis TanamSromlebma, romlebic cdilobdnen<br />

maT dapatimrebas, mas Semdeg, rac isini gamoiqcnen Tavisuflebis aRkveTis<br />

74

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naCova da sxvebi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

adgilidan. aqedan gamomdinare, saqme xvdeba konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-2<br />

punqtis moqmedebis sferoSi.<br />

(i) Sesabamisi sasamarTlo farglebi<br />

99. sasamarTlo gansakuTrebuli SeSfoTebiT SeniSnavs, rom samxedro<br />

policiis TanamSromlebs cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb<br />

SidasamarTlebrivi regulaciebi aZlevda uflebas, gamoeyenebinaT<br />

sasikvdilo Zala samxedro Zalebis wevris dapatimrebisas, Tundac Zalian<br />

mcire darRvevis gamo. aRniSnuli regulaciebi ar gamoqveynebula da<br />

isini ar Seicavdnen naTel miTiTebebs imasTan dakavSirebiT, rogor unda<br />

yofiliyo Tavidan acilebuli sicocxlis warTmeva. aRniSnuli normebis<br />

Tanaxmad, kanonieri iyo sasikvdilo gasrola im piris mimarT, romelic<br />

dauyovnebliv ar daemorCileboda zepir gafrTxilebas da haerSi<br />

gamafrTxilebel gasrolas (ix. punqti 60). normebis arasruli xasiaTis<br />

naTeli ilustraciaa damkaveblebis mier iaraRis uyoymano gamoyenebis<br />

faqti da movlenaTa ganviTareba, romlebmac Sedegad gamoiRes batonebis<br />

angelovisa da petkovis sikvdili; aseve, gamomZiebeli organoebis pasuxi am<br />

movlenebze. sasamarTlo daubrundeba aRniSnul sakiTxebs mogvianebiT.<br />

100. amgvari maregulirebeli baza fundamenturad Seusabamoa evropis<br />

Tanamedrove sazogadoebisTvis konvenciiT gansazRvruli sicocxlis<br />

uflebis `kanoniT~ dadgenil standartTan (ix. punqtebi 94-97, romlebSic<br />

saubaria regulirebis samarTlebriv farglebze).<br />

101. marTalia, bulgareTis uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier dadginda, rom<br />

proporciuloba sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis organuli nawilia,<br />

magram aRniSnuli ganmarteba ar gavrcelda winamdebare saqmeze (ix.<br />

punqtebi 50-54).<br />

102. amrigad, sasamarTlo adgens, rom mopasuxe mTavrobam daarRvia<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxliT nakisri valdebuleba, efeqturad daecva<br />

sicocxlis ufleba, ramdenadac ver uzrunvelyo, aemoqmedebina saTanado<br />

sakanonmdeblo da administraciuli baza samxedro policiis mier iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

operaciis dagegmva da kontroli<br />

103. palatam calke imsjela operaciis dagegmvis sakiTxebze. didi<br />

palata eTanxmeba palatis dadgenilebas imis Taobaze, rom xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenlebma daarRvies maTi valdebuleba sasikvdilo riskis<br />

minimalizaciis Taobaze, vinaidan Tavidanve misces instruqcia damkavebel<br />

oficrebs, yvela SesaZlebloba gamoeyenebinaT batonebis angelovisa da<br />

petkovis dasapatimreblad. amasTan, absoluturad ugulebelyofil iqna<br />

faqti, rom gaqceulebi iyvnen SeuiaraRebelni da safrTxes ar uqmnidnen<br />

sxvaTa sicocxles. rogorc palatam aRniSna (§ 110):<br />

`[A] gadamwyveti elementi dakavebis operaciis dagegmvisas . . . unda<br />

iyos xelmisawvdomi informaciis sruli analizi, maT Soris, rogorc<br />

absoluturi minimumi, analizi dasakavebeli piris mier Cadenili<br />

danaSaulis bunebisa da am pirisgan momavali safrTxis xarisxis Sesaxeb.<br />

sakiTxi, Tu rogor da ra garemoebebSi SeiZleba gamoiyenon gaqceuli<br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

piris dakavebisas cecxlsasroli iaraRi, unda dgindebodes winaswari<br />

momzadebisas miRebuli codnis, Sesabamisi informaciis da mkafiod<br />

gansazRvruli samarTlebrivi normebis safuZvelze.~<br />

104. didi palata, Tavis mxriv, kidev erTxel miuTiTebs mkafio<br />

sakanonmdeblo da regulaciuri bazis ararsebobis Sesaxeb, rac miscemda<br />

samxedro policiis TanamSromlebs SesaZleblobas, ganesazRvraT, Tu ra<br />

garemoebebSi SeeZloT, potenciurad, sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyeneba (ix.<br />

punqtebi 99-102). is eTanxmeba palatis dadgenilebas (punqti 112), romlis<br />

mixedviTac, Sesabamisi regulaciebis Tanaxmad: `cecxlsasroli iaraRis<br />

gamoyeneba ar iyo damokidebuli saqmesTan dakavSirebuli garemoebebis<br />

Sefasebaze.~<br />

105. moqmedi regulaciebi saSualebas iZleoda, mZimed SeiaraRebuli<br />

oficrebi gaeSvaT ori kacis dasakaveblad im safrTxis yovelgvari<br />

ganxilvis gareSe, romelic maT SeiZleboda SeeqmnaT an gasagebi<br />

gafrTxilebis gareSe sicocxlis safrTxeSi Cagdebis riskis minimalizaciis<br />

aucileblobis Sesaxeb. mokled, operaciis dagegmvisa da warmarTvis<br />

manera aaSkaravebda sicocxlis uflebis uzenaesobis mimarT gamovlenil<br />

samwuxaro upativcemlobas.<br />

(ii) dampatimrebeli oficrebis qmedebebi<br />

106. dadgenili iyo, rom batonebi angelovi da petkovi msaxurobdnen<br />

samxedro Zalebis samSeneblo nawilSi (specialuri samxedro<br />

dawesebuleba), sadac axalwveulebi asrulebdnen mSeneblobis muSaTa<br />

movaleobebs arasamxedro nawilebSi. isini daisajnen moklevadiani<br />

patimrobiT araZaladobrivi danaSaulisaTvis. isini gaiqcnen yovelgvari<br />

Zaladobis gamoyenebis gareSe, miatoves ra samuSao adgili, romelic iyo<br />

Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis gareT. miuxedavad imisa, rom isini<br />

adre iyvnen msjavrdebulni qurdobisaTvis da samsaxuri ramdenjerme<br />

datoves nebarTvis miuReblad, maT ar gaaCndaT Zaladobrivi warsuli<br />

(ix. punqtebi 13-15). arc erTi maTgani ar iyo SeiaraRebuli da ar qmnida<br />

raime safrTxes damkavebeli an mesame pirisaTvis. maT xelT arsebuli<br />

informaciidan gamomdinare, damkavebel oficrebs es unda scodnodaT,<br />

yovel SemTxvevaSi, mas Semdeg, rac gaqceulebi ipoves sofel lesurasTan,<br />

rodesac cxadi gaxda, rom isini iyvnen SeuiaraReblebi da maTi qmedeba ar<br />

amJRavnebda Zaladobis niSnebs (ix. punqtebi15-26).<br />

107. zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo adgens, rom, winamdebare<br />

saqmis garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, nebismieri sasikvdilo Zalis<br />

gamoyeneba ewinaaRmdegeboda konvenciis me-2 muxls, batonebis angelovisa<br />

da petkovis warmatebuli gaqcevis SesaZleblobis gaTvaliswinebiTac.<br />

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyeneba ar SeiZleba<br />

ganixilos, rogorc `absoluturad aucilebeli~ iq, sadac cnobilia, rom<br />

dasakavebeli piri ar agdebs safrTxeSi sxvaTa sicocxles da janmrTelobas<br />

da ar aris eWvmitanili Zaladobrivi danaSaulis CadenaSi.<br />

108. damatebiT, maior `g~-s saqcieli (samxedro policiis TanamSromeli),<br />

romelmac esrola gaqceulebs, seriozul kritikas iwvevs imis gamo, rom<br />

man gamoiyena metismetad gadaWarbebuli Zala:<br />

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naCova da sxvebi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

(i)<br />

(ii)<br />

(iii)<br />

cxadia, rom SesaZlebeli iyo, aRniSnul pirTa dasakaveblad sxva<br />

gzis gamoyeneba: oficrebs gaaCndaT jipis tipis manqana, operacia<br />

mimdinareobda patara sofelSi dRisiT da batonebis angelovisa da<br />

petkovis qmedeba cxadad ganWvretadi iyo imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom<br />

wina gaqcevisas angelovi ipoves imave misamarTze (ix. punqtebi 17, 18,<br />

23 da 24);<br />

maiorma `g~-m gamoiyena avtomaturi iaraRi avtomaturi srolis<br />

reJimSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas, aseve, hqonda xeliT marTvadi<br />

iaraRi. avtomaturi iaraRis gamoyenebisas, mas ar hqonda SesaZlebloba,<br />

raime gonivruli sizustiT moexdina damizneba (ix. punqti. 26);<br />

batoni petkovi daiWra gul-mkerdis areSi, rasTan dakavSirebiTac,<br />

aranairi gonivruli ganmarteba ar warmodgenila (ix. punqtebi 41<br />

da 50-54). amgvari ganmartebis arqonis pirobebSi ver gamoiricxeba<br />

SesaZlebloba, rom batoni petkovi bolo momentSi motrialda<br />

damkaveblisken Cabarebis mizniT, magram mas mainc esroles.<br />

III. sasamarTlos daskvna<br />

109. sasamarTlo adgens, rom mopasuxe mTavrobam ver Seasrula me-2 muxliT<br />

nakisri valdebuleba, ramdenadac relevanturi samarTlebrivi baza<br />

Zalis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT iyo arsebiTad naklovani da batonebi<br />

angelovi da petkovi daiRupnen imgvar garemoebaSi, sadac dakavebis mizniT<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba sruliad ewinaaRmdegeboda konvenciis<br />

me-2 muxls. ufro metic, gamoyenebuli Zala metismetad gadaWarbebuli iyo.<br />

Sesabamisad, adgili hqonda konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRvevas batonebis<br />

angelovisa da petkovis mkvlelobis SemTxvevaSi.<br />

2. iyo Tu ara batonebis angelovisa da petkovis mkvlelobis gamoZieba<br />

efeqturi konvenciis me-2 muxlis miznebisaTvis<br />

(a) zogadi principebi<br />

110. konvenciis me-2 muxlidan gamomdinare, saxelmwifos valdebuleba,<br />

daicvas sicocxlis ufleba, ikiTxeba amave konvenciis pirvel<br />

muxlTan erTianobaSi `[sakuTari] iurisdiqciis farglebSi yvelasTvis<br />

uzrunvelyofen am konvenciis pirvel nawilSi gansazRvrul uflebebsa<br />

da Tavisuflebebs~ (ix. jakiCi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 23657/94, § 86,<br />

ECHR 1999-IV). aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, saxelmwifoSi unda arsebobdes<br />

raime formis efeqturi, oficialuri gamoZieba im SemTxvevebisaTvis,<br />

rodesac viRaca kvdeba Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegad. amgvari gamoZiebis<br />

mTavar mizans warmoadgens sicocxlis uflebis SidasamarTlebrivi<br />

garantiebis efeqturi realizeba da im saqmeebSi, sadac saxelmwifos<br />

warmomadgenlebi an organoebi monawileoben, maTi angariSvaldebulebis<br />

uzrunvelyofa maTive pasuxismgeblobiT momxdari mkvlelobebis gamo (ix.<br />

angelova bulgareTis winaaRmdeg, no. 38361/97, § 137, ECHR 2002-IV).<br />

111. xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma unda imoqmedon sakuTari<br />

iniciativiT im momentidan, roca SemTxvevis Sesaxeb gaigeben. maT ar unda<br />

datovon saqme axlo naTesavebis iniciativis imedad, rom isini aRZraven<br />

oficialurad saqmes an moiTxoven garkveuli sagamoZiebo procedurebis<br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

Catarebas (ix. magaliTad, mutatis mutandis, ilhani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg [GC],<br />

no. 22277/93, § 63, ECHR 2000-VII).<br />

112. imisaTvis, rom saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebis mier Cadenili ukanono<br />

mkvlelobis gamoZieba iyos efeqturi, is pirebi, romlebic uZRvebian<br />

gamoZiebas an arian masze pasuxismgeblebi, unda iyvnen damoukidebelni<br />

da miukerZoebelni rogorc samarTlebrivad, ise praqtikuladac<br />

(ix. magaliTad, giuleji TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 27 ivlisis<br />

gadawyvetileba, angariSebi 1998-IV, p. 1733, §§ 81-82; da oguri TurqeTis<br />

winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 21594/93, §§ 91-92, ECHR 1999-III).<br />

113. gamoZieba unda iyos efeqturi im TvalsazrisiTac, rom SeeZlos<br />

imis garkveva, iyo Tu ara Zalis gamoyeneba gamarTlebuli gansaxilvel<br />

garemoebebSi da SeeZlos, daadginos da dasajos damnaSaveebi (ix. zemoT cit.<br />

oguri TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, § 88). xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma unda<br />

gadadgan gonivruli nabijebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen incidentTan<br />

dakavSirebuli mtkicebulebebis, maT Soris, inter alia, TviTmxilvel mowmeTa<br />

Cvenebebisa da sasamarTlo-samedicino daskvnis mopovebas. gamoZiebis<br />

daskvnebi unda emyarebodes yvela Sesabamisi elementis yovelmxriv,<br />

obieqtur da miukerZoebel analizs da unda emyarebodes konvenciis 2 § me-2<br />

muxliT dadgenil standarts _ `ar unda iyos meti, vidre absoluturad<br />

aucilebeli.~ gamoZiebis nebismieri xarvezi, romelic xels uSlis saqmis<br />

garemoebaTa dadgenas an pasuxismgebeli piris gamovlenas, SeiZleba<br />

gaxdes efeqturobis standartis darRvevis safuZveli (ix. keli da sxvebi<br />

gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, no. 30054/96, §§ 96-97, 2001 wlis 4 maisi;<br />

da zemoT cit. angelova bulgareTis winaaRmdeg, §§ 139 da 144).<br />

(b) am principebis winamdebare saqmeSi gamoyenebis Sesaxeb<br />

114. didi palata ver xedavs raime safuZvels, ar daeTanxmos palatis<br />

gadawyvetilebas. is, rogorc es palatam gaakeTa, aRniSnavs, rom gamoZiebam<br />

batonebis angelovisa da petkovis sikvdilTan dakavSirebiT Seafasa<br />

oficerTa qmedebis kanoniereba Sesabamisi regulaciebis safuZvelze. is<br />

faqti, rom gamoZiebam kanonierad cno Zalis gamoyeneba am garemoebebSi,<br />

adasturebs am dadgenilebaTa fundamentur naklovanebasa da sicocxlis<br />

uflebis ugulebelyofas. daeyrdnnen ra am dadgenilebaTa sityvasityviT<br />

mniSvnelobas, gamoZiebis warmomadgenlebma ar gamoikvlies iseTi<br />

relevanturi garemoebebi, rogoricaa: informaciis qona imis Taobaze, rom<br />

gaqceulebi SeuiaraRebeli iyvnen da rom safrTxes ar uqmnidnen aravis.<br />

arc imis Sesaxeb umsjeliaT, ramdenad saWiro iyo mZimed SeiaraRebuli<br />

oficrebis gagzavna ori piris dasakaveblad, romelTa mier Cadenili<br />

danaSauli iyo mxolod nawilis mitoveba nebarTvis gareSe. amgvarad,<br />

yvela mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis mkacri gadasinjva ar momxdara (ix.<br />

punqtebi 50-54).<br />

115. Tavi rom gavaneboT im viwro sakanonmdeblo bazas, romelze<br />

dayrdnobiTac gamoZieba mimdinareobda, unda aRiniSnos, rom rigi<br />

aucilebeli da aSkarad sagamoZiebo xasiaTis nabijebi ar gadadgmula.<br />

kerZod, adgilmdebareobis martivi ruqa, romelsac eyrdnobodnen<br />

xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi zustad ar asaxavda teritoriis<br />

maxasiaTeblebs. mas aklda Sesabamisi masStabi. sagamoZiebo eqsperimenti<br />

ar Catarebula. informaciis gareSe, romelic am sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis<br />

78

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naCova da sxvebi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

saSualebiT SeiZleboda moepovebinaT, SeuZlebeli iyo damkavebel<br />

oficerTa mier warmodgenili versiis gadamowmeba (ix. punqtebi 34-54).<br />

116. ufro metic, gamomZiebelma da prokurorebma ignorireba gaukeTes<br />

Zalzed mniSvnelovan faqtebs: rom b-n petkovs esroles gulmkerdis<br />

areSi; rom gamoyenebuli vaznebi ipoves m.m.-is ezoSi ramdenime metris<br />

daSorebiT im adgilidan, sadac batoni angelovi da petrovi daecnen; da<br />

rom maiorma `g~-m gamoiyena metismetad gadaWarbebuli Zala, ramdenadac<br />

gasrolas axorcielebda avtomaturi srolis reJimSi. xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenlebma ignorireba gaukeTes am metad mniSvnelovan faqtebs,<br />

Sesabamisi ganmartebis Ziebis gareSe, uyoymanod gaiTvaliswines maior `g~-s<br />

Cveneba da Sewyvites gamoZieba. amrigad, gamomZiebelma da prokurorebma<br />

efeqturad gaaTavisufles maiori `g~ pasuxismgeblobisagan.<br />

117. didi palata iziarebs palatis mosazrebas, rom amgvari qmedeba<br />

xelisuflebis mxridan, rac ukve aRiniSna sasamarTlos mier bulgareTis<br />

mimarT ganxilul sxva saqmeebSi (ix. velikova bulgareTis winaaRmdeg, no.<br />

41488/98, ECHR 2000-VI da zemoT cit. angelova) warmoadgens Zalian didi<br />

SeSfoTebis sagans, vinaidan sadaos xdis saqmeSi monawile gamomZiebelTa<br />

da prokurorTa obieqturobasa da miukerZoeblobas.<br />

118. amasTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlo ganmeorebiT aRniSnavs, rom<br />

xelisuflebis swrafi da efeqturi pasuxi sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebis<br />

gamoZiebis procesSi arsebiTia sazogadoebrivi ndobis miRwevisaTvis,<br />

kanonis uzenaesobisa da ukanonobis winaaRmdeg Seurigeblobis SegrZnebis<br />

damkvidrebisaTvis (ix. maqkeri da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg,<br />

zemoT cit. §§ 111-15).<br />

119. winamdebare saqmeSi mopasuxe mTavrobis mier dairRva konvenciis<br />

2 § 1 muxliT dadgenili valdebuleba mkvlelobis faqtis efeqtur<br />

gamoZiebasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

IV. konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRveva amave konvenciis me-14 muxlTan<br />

mimarTebiT<br />

124. ganmcxadeblebi amtkicebdnen, rom maT mimarT dairRva konvenciis me-14<br />

muxli, ramdenadac boSaTa mimarT mtrulma damokidebulebam da winaswar<br />

Camoyalibebulma uaryofiTma azrma, mniSvnelovani roli iTamaSa batonebis<br />

angelovisa da petkovis mkvlelobis movlenebSi. isini aseve amtkicebdnen,<br />

rom xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma ar Seasrules mkvlelobis SesaZlo<br />

rasistuli motivis gamoZiebis valdebuleba. mTavrobam sadavod gaxada<br />

ganmcxadebelTa mtkiceba.<br />

125. konvenciis me-14 muxlis Tanaxmad:<br />

`am konvenciaSi mocemuli uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis gamoyeneba<br />

uzrunvelyofili iqneba yvelasTvis, nebismier safuZvelze diskriminaciis<br />

gareSe, rogoricaa sqesi, rasa, kanis feri, ena, religia an gansxvavebuli<br />

azri, erovnuli Tu socialuri warmoSoba, gaerTianeba erovnul<br />

umciresobaTa organizaciaSi, qoneba, dabadeba da sxva statusi.~<br />

79

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

palatis gadawyvetileba<br />

126. palatam aRniSna, rom sicocxlis uflebis warTmevis saqmeebze<br />

konvenciis me-2 da me-14 muxlebi erToblivad avaldebulebs saxelmwifo<br />

xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs, ganaxorcielon efeqturi gamoZieba,<br />

miuxedavad msxverplis rasobrivi Tu eTnikuri warmomavlobisa. man aseve<br />

aRniSna, rom xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs ekisrebodaT damatebiTi<br />

valdebuleba, gadaedgaT yvela gonivruli nabiji, raTa gamoevlinaT<br />

am incidentSi rasistuli motivis arseboba, rac ukavSirdeboda<br />

samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenelTa mier Zalis gamoyenebas.<br />

127. winamdebare saqmeSi baton m.m.-is Cveneba rasobrivi sityvieri<br />

Seuracxyofis Sesaxeb da sxva mtkicebulebani unda yofiliyo<br />

xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTaTvis SeSfoTebis safuZveli SesaZlo<br />

rasistuli motivis gamoZiebis dawyebis TvalsazrisiT, rac ar momxdara.<br />

am mxriv, xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma daarRvies konvenciis me-14<br />

muxliT nakisri valdebuleba amave konvenciis me-2 muxlTan mimarTebiT.<br />

128. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom diskriminaciis mtkicebasTan dakavSirebuli<br />

iyo gansakuTrebuli mtkicebulebiTi sirTuleebi, rac moiTxovda<br />

mtkicebulebisadmi specifikur damokidebulebas, palatam daadgina, rom<br />

im saqmeebSi, sadac ar gamoiZies xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa mxridan<br />

Zaladobis aqtebi da ignorireba gaukeTes SesaZlo diskriminaciis<br />

mtkicebulebas, sasamarTlos SeuZlia, konvenciis me-14 muxlis safuZvelze<br />

Semosuli ganacxadis ganxilvisas, gaakeTos uaryofiTi daskvnebi da<br />

mtkicebis tvirTi gadaitanos mopasuxe saxelmwifoze.<br />

129. saqmis faqtebTan dakavSirebiT, palatam daadgina, rom sagamoZiebo<br />

organoebis qmedebebi, romelTac gamotoves mTeli rigi SemaSfoTebeli<br />

faqtebi, rogoricaa maior `g~- s mier gadaWarbebuli Zalis gamoyeneba da<br />

mtkicebuleba, rom man gamoxata rasistuli bilwsityvaoba, ganapirobebda<br />

mtkicebis tvirTis gadanacvlebas mopasuxe mTavrobaze. ase rom, mopasuxe<br />

mTavrobas unda daekmayofilebina sasamarTlo damatebiTi mtkicebulebiT<br />

an faqtebis damajerebeli ganmartebiT imis Taobaze, rom gasaCivrebuli<br />

movlenebi ar iyo gamowveuli saxelmwifo warmomadgenelTa mxridan<br />

diskriminaciiT.<br />

130. vinaidan mTavrobam ar warmoadgina sarwmuno ganmarteba, adre<br />

ganxiluli saqmeebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sadac samarTaldamcavi organoebis<br />

warmomadgenelTa agresia boSaTa mimarT sruldeboda maTi sikvdiliT,<br />

sasamarTlom daadgina, rom winamdebare saqmeSic adgili hqonda konvenciis<br />

me-14 muxlis arsebiTi aspeqtis darRvevas amave konvenciis me-2 muxlTan<br />

erTad.<br />

mxareTa dasabuTeba<br />

1. mTavroba<br />

131. mTavrobam gaasaCivra palatis dadgenileba me-14 muxlis darRveulad<br />

cnobis Taobaze da aRniSna, rom palata daeyrdno mxolod zogad masalebs,<br />

romlebic scildeboda incidentis farglebs, 2 SemTxveviT faqts _<br />

baton m.m.-is Cvenebas maior `g~-s Seuracxmyofeli gamoTqmebis Sesaxeb,<br />

romelic mimarTuli iyo mis da ara msxverplTa winaaRmdeg da faqts,<br />

rom movlenebs adgili hqonda boSebiT dasaxlebul sofelSi. mTavrobis<br />

80

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naCova da sxvebi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

mtkicebiT, am mosazrebebs, mtkicebis arc erTi misaRebi standartiT, ar<br />

SeeZlo gaemarTlebina daskvna, rom cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba<br />

motivirebuli iyo rasistuli mosazrebebiT.<br />

132. mTavrobam xazi gausva im faqts, rom sasamarTlo yovelTvis iTxovda<br />

mtkicebas `gonivruli eWvis gareSe~. mtkicebis tvirTi SeiZleba gadavides<br />

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu movlenasTan dakavSirebuli informacia mTlianad an<br />

metwilad xelisuflebis eqskluziuri codnis farglebSia, rogorc es<br />

xdeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi sikvdilis saqmeebze. Tumca,<br />

amgvari garemoebebi am saqmeSi ar yofila warmodgenili.<br />

133. vinaidan sadao incidentSi adgili ar hqonia raime rasobriv elements,<br />

am mimarTebiT adgilobriv doneze warmoebuli gamoZiebac veranair Sedegs<br />

gamoiRebda. mTavroba iziarebs midgomas, rom rasobrivi motivaciiT<br />

Zaladoba unda daisajos ufro mkacrad, vidre sxva Zaladobrivi aqtebi,<br />

sadac amgvari motivi ar aris saxeze. Tumca, saxelmwifos ar unda<br />

daekisros valdebuleba, gamoiZios SesaZlo rasistuli gamovlinebis<br />

braldebani Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebis ararsebobis pirobebSi. mTavroba<br />

amtkicebda, rom palatis midgoma xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoebs daakisrebda<br />

valdebulebas, gamoeZia yvela saqme, sadac diskriminaciis braldeba<br />

Tundac usafuZvlod iyo warmodgenili.<br />

134. ufro metic, palatis midgomas aklda sicxade da ganWvretadoba.<br />

sasamarTlos msjeloba winaaRmdegobrivi iyo, rodesac, erTi mxriv,<br />

acxadebda, rom sasamarTlos ar SeeZlo ganzraxvisa da damokidebulebis<br />

sakiTxebis ganxilva konvenciis me-2 muxlis konteqstSi da, meore mxriv,<br />

askvnida, rom adgili hqonda me-14 muxlis arsebiT darRvevas me-2 muxlTan<br />

mimarTebiT, vinaidan batonebis angelovisa da petkovis sikvdili iyo<br />

rasobrivi diskriminaciis aqtis Sedegi.<br />

135. mTavroba Tavis werilobiT da zepir dasabuTebaSi iZleoda<br />

kanonmdeblobis socialuri programebisa da sxva RonisZiebebis detalur<br />

mimoxilvas, romlebic miiRes bolo wlebSi bulgareTSi diskriminaciis da<br />

aratolerantuli damokidebulebis aRmosafxvrelad da sazogadoebaSi<br />

boSaTa integraciis xelSesawyobad.<br />

2. ganmcxadeblebi<br />

136. TavianT werilobiT dasabuTebaSi ganmcxadeblebi amtkicebdnen, rom<br />

konvencia aqamde ver uzrunvelyofda rasobrivi diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg<br />

efeqtur dacvas da sTxovdnen did palatas, mieRo me-14 muxlis axleburi<br />

ganmarteba. ganmcxadeblebi miesalmebodnen palatis mosazrebas imis<br />

Taobaze, rom xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoebs gaaCniaT valdebuleba, gamoiZion<br />

Zaladobis aqtebis SesaZlo rasistuli motivebi da rom mtkicebis tvirTi,<br />

amis gamo, gadadis mopasuxe mTavrobaze. TavianT werilobiT dasabuTebaSi<br />

isini amtkicebdnen, rom mtkicebis standarti diskriminaciis saqmeebze ar<br />

unda iyos `mtkiceba gonivruli eWvis miRma~ da rom saqmeebSi, sadac prima<br />

facie diskriminaciis saqme dadgindeba, mtkicebis tvirTi yovelTvis unda<br />

ekisrebodes mTavrobas. TavianT zepir gamosvlaSi sasamarTlo procesze<br />

ganmcxadebelTa warmomadgenlebma sTxoves sasamarTlos, gaeziarebina<br />

palatis midgoma.<br />

81

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

137. rac Seexeba saqmesTan dakavSirebul faqtebs, ganmcxadeblebma aRniSnes,<br />

rom adgili hqonda me-14 muxlis arsebiT darRvevas, vinaidan saxeze iyo<br />

prima facie diskriminaciis SemTxveva da mTavrobam ver warmoadgina amis<br />

sawinaaRmdego raime mtkicebuleba. kerZod, batonebis angelovisa da<br />

petkovis warmoSoba cnobili iyo damkavebeli pirebisaTvis; maiorma `g~-m<br />

gamoTqva rasobrivad Seuracxmyofeli frazebi iqve mdgomis misamarTiT<br />

misi warmomavlobis miTiTebiT. aseve mkacri daskvnebi unda yofiliyo<br />

gamotanili im faqtTan dakavSirebiT, rom maiorma `g~-m gamoiyena<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRi metismetad araproporciulad boSebiT dasaxlebul<br />

sofelSi. es faqtebi unda Sefasdes bulgareTSi samarTaldamcavTa mxridan<br />

momdinare boSaTa sistematuri diskriminaciis fonze. ufro metic,<br />

xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs unda gamoeZiaT, batonebis angelovisa da<br />

petkovis sikvdili iyo Tu ara motivirebuli rasobrivi ganwyobiT, magram<br />

maT es ar gaakeTes.<br />

C. sasamarTlos Sefaseba<br />

1. pasuxismgebelia Tu ara mopasuxe mTavroba sicocxlis uflebis<br />

xelyofisaTvis, msxverplTa rasobrivi an eTnikuri warmomavlobis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT<br />

144. sasamarTlom ukve daadgina, rom mopasuxe mTavrobis warmomadgenlebma<br />

ukanonod mokles batoni angelovi da petkovi konvenciis me-2 muxlis<br />

sawinaaRmdegod. ganmcxadeblebi Semdgom amtkicebdnen, rom adgili<br />

hqonda, aseve, konvenciis me-14 muxlis darRvevas, vinaidan rasobrivma<br />

motivma iTamaSa garkveuli roli maT mkvlelobaSi.<br />

145. diskriminacia aris gansxvavebulad mopyroba msgavs pirobebSi myofi<br />

pirebis mimarT, yovelgvari obieqturi da gonivruli gamarTlebis<br />

gareSe (ix. uilisi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, no. 36042/97, § 48,<br />

ECHR 2002-IV). rasobrivi Zaladoba gansakuTrebulad Seuracxmyofelia<br />

adamianuri RirsebisaTvis da, misi gamousworebeli Sedegebis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT, moiTxovs xelisuflebisgan gansakuTrebul simtkices<br />

da mkveTr reaqcias. amis gamo, xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma unda<br />

gamoiyenon yvela SesaZlebloba, rom daamarcxon rasizmi da rasistuli<br />

Zaladoba, riTac daamkvidreben sazogadoebis iseT demokratiul xedvas,<br />

sadac gansxvavebani ganixileba ara rogorc safrTxe, aramed rogorc misi<br />

keTildReobis wyaro. sasamarTlo miubrundeba am sakiTxs qvemoT.<br />

146. ganmcxadebelTa mxridan me-14 muxlis darRvevis saCivris gamo,<br />

sasamarTlos amocana iyo, daedgina, iyo Tu ara rasizmi srolis<br />

ganmapirobebeli mizezi, rasac mohyva batonebis angelovisa da petkovis<br />

sikvdili imgvarad, rom aRZruliyo konvenciis me-14 muxlis darRvevis<br />

sakiTxi me-2 muxlTan mimarTebiT.<br />

147. amasTan dakavSirebiT, is SeniSnavs, rom mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebisas, man<br />

mimarTa mtkicebis standarts `gonivruli eWvis miRma~. sasamarTlos mizani<br />

ar yofila, ise gamoeyenebina es standarti, rogorc es SidasamarTlebriv<br />

sistemebSi xdeba. mis funqciaSi Sedis ara gadawyvetilebis gamotana<br />

sisxlissamarTlebriv bralze an samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobaze, aramed<br />

xelSekrulebis monawile saxelmwifos pasuxismgeblobis gansazRvra<br />

konvenciis Sesabamisad. misi amocanis gansakuTrebuloba, konvenciis<br />

me-19 muxlis mixedviT uzrunvelyos wevri saxelmwifoebis mier<br />

82

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naCova da sxvebi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

nakisri valdebulebis Sesruleba, daicvan fundamenturi uflebebi,<br />

gansazRvravs mis damokidebulebas mtkicebulebebisa da mtkicebis<br />

sakiTxisadmi. sasamarTlo procesze ar arsebobs mtkicebulebaTa<br />

dasaSvebobis proceduruli barieri anda mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebis<br />

winaswar dadgenili formula. is iRebs daskvnebs, romlebic, misi azriT,<br />

ganmtkicebulia yvela mtkicebulebis Tavisufali SefasebiT, rac moicavs<br />

iseT mosazrebebs, romlebic SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes faqtebidan<br />

da mxareTa dasabuTebidan. misi kargad Camoyalibebuli precedentuli<br />

samarTlis mixedviT, mtkiceba SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes sakmarisad<br />

mZlavri, cxadi da Tanmimdevruli daskvnebidan an msgavsad Seuqcevadi<br />

prezumfciebisgan, romelic eyrdnoba faqtebs. metic, is, Tu calkeuli<br />

daskvnis misaRwevad ramdenad damarwmunebeli unda iyos msjeloba da,<br />

amasTan dakavSirebiT, rogor unda gadanawildes mtkicebis tvirTi,<br />

organulad aris damokidebuli faqtebis specifikurobaze, braldebis<br />

xasiaTsa da konvenciis Sesabamis uflebaze. sasamarTlo iTvaliswinebs<br />

im gadawyvetilebis seriozulobas, romelic saxelmwifos mier<br />

fundamenturi uflebis darRvevas adasturebs (sxvebTan erTad, ix. Semdegi<br />

gadawyvetilebebi: irlandia gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, 1978 wlis<br />

18 ianvris gadawyvetileba, seriebi A no. 25, § 161; 1995 wlis 4 dekembris<br />

gadawyvetileba ribiCi avstriis winaaRmdeg, seriebi A no. 336, p. 24, § 32;<br />

1996 wlis 16 seqtembris gadawyvetileba akvidari TurqeTis winaaRmdeg,<br />

angariSebi 1996-IV, p. 1211, § 68; tanli TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, no. 26129/95, §<br />

111, ECHR 2001-III; da 2004 wlis 8 ivlisis gadawyvetileba ilaSku da sxvebi<br />

moldaveTisa da ruseTis winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 48787/99, § 26).<br />

148. ganmcxadeblebi calkeul faqtorebze miTiTebiT amtkicebdnen, rom<br />

adgili hqonda arsebiT darRvevas rasobriv niadagze.<br />

149. upirveles yovlisa, ganmcxadeblebi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas<br />

aniWebdnen im faqts, rom maiorma `g~-m avtomaturi reJimiT gaxsna<br />

cecxli dasaxlebul regionSi sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis sruli<br />

ugulebelyofiT. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ar arsebobda msgavsi qmedebis<br />

racionaluri axsna, ganmcxadeblebi miiCnevdnen, rom es iyo rasobrivi<br />

siZulvilis gamovlena maior `g~-s mxridan da rom igi ase ar moiqceoda, es<br />

boSebiT dasaxlebuli regioni rom ar yofiliyo.<br />

150. sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom, samwuxarod, iaraRis amgvar garemoebebSi<br />

gamoyeneba ar ikrZaleboda relevanturi SidasamarTlebrivi<br />

regulaciebiT, rac warmoadgens umniSvnelovanes, zemoT ukve dagmobil,<br />

xarvezs (ix. par. 99). samxedro policiis TanamSromlebi atarebdnen<br />

avtomatur iaraRs `kanonis dacviT~ da maT hqondaT micemuli instruqcia,<br />

mieRoT yvela aucilebeli zoma aRniSnul pirTa dapatimrebis mizniT<br />

(ix. par. 19 da 60). SesaZlebloba, rom maiori `g~ ubralod moqmedebda<br />

regulaciebTan SesabamisobaSi da is aseve imoqmedebda nebismier msgavs<br />

garemoebaSi, gaqceulTa eTnikuri warmomavlobis miuxedavad, ver<br />

iqneba gamoricxuli. miuxedavad imisa, rom iaraRis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb<br />

maregulirebeli normebi ewinaaRmdegeboda konvenciiT dadgenil<br />

standartebs, araferi iZleva imis Tqmis saSualebas, rom maiori `g~ iaraRs<br />

ar gamoiyenebda araboSur dasaxlebaSi.<br />

151. marTalia, rogorc sasamarTlom zemoT daadgina, maior `g~-s<br />

qmedeba dakavebis operaciis dros imsaxurebs umZafress kritikas<br />

iaraRis metismeti gadaWarbebiT gamoyenebis gamo (ix. par. 180), Tumca,<br />

83

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

miuxedavad amisa, ar SeiZleba imis gamoricxva, rom misi reaqcia ganapiroba<br />

cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis maregulirebeli sakanonmdeblo<br />

bazis araadekvaturobam da im faqtma, rom igi momzadebuli iyo, emoqmeda<br />

aRniSnuli bazis safuZvelze (ix. punqtebi 60 da 99-105).<br />

152. ganmcxadeblebma aRniSnes, rom samxedro policielTa damokidebuleba<br />

didwilad gansazRvra imis codnam, rom gaqceulebi boSuri warmomavlobis<br />

iyvnen. Tumca, SeuZlebelia imis garkveva, iyo Tu ara batonebis angelovisa<br />

da petkovis eTnikuri warmomavloba policiis TanamSromelTa qmedebebis<br />

ganmapirobebeli. ufro metic, arsebobs mtkicebuleba, rom zogierTi<br />

oficeri da TanamSromelTa nawili piradad icnobda erT an orive<br />

msxverpls (ix. punqti 18).<br />

153. ganmcxadeblebi eyrdnobodnen mowme m.m.-is Cvenebas, romelic gaxldaT<br />

erT-erTi msxverplis mezobeli. misi gancxadebiT, maiorma `g~-m gasrolis<br />

Semdeg mas miaZaxa `Tqve wyeulo boSebo~.<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom Zaladobriv aqtTan dakavSirebuli rasobrivi<br />

Seuracxyofis amgvari mtkicebuleba unda gadamowmebuliyo xelisuflebis<br />

mier, TavisTavad, es gancxadeba arasakmarisi safuZvelia daskvnisTvis,<br />

rom mopasuxe saxelmwifo pasuxismgebelia rasobrivi mkvlelobisTvis.<br />

154. da bolos, ganmcxadeblebi daeyrdnnen informacias araerTi<br />

SemTxvevis Sesaxeb, rodesac bulgareTSi boSaTa mimarT iaraRis gamoyeneba<br />

samarTaldamcavebis mier sruldeboda am ukanasknelTa sikvdiliT da amas<br />

ar mohyveboda pasuxismgebel pirTa braldeba.<br />

155. marTalia, araerTma organizaciam, maT Soris saxelmwifoTaSorisma,<br />

gamoxata Tavisi SeSfoTeba msgavs SemTxvevebTan dakavSirebiT (ix. punqtebi<br />

55-59), Tumca, sasamarTlo ver gadauxvevs mis mizans, imsjelos konkretuli<br />

saqmis garemoebebze da daadginos, ganapiroba Tu ara rasizmma batonebis<br />

angelovisa da petkovis sikvdili.<br />

156. Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi palatam daadgina, rom mtkicebis tvirTi unda<br />

gadaenacvlebinaT mopasuxe saxelmwifoze imis gamo, rom saxelmwifom<br />

ver moaxerxa, Caetarebina mkvlelobis SesaZlo rasistuli motivis<br />

efeqturi gamoZieba. saxelmwifos uunarobas, daemtkicebina palatisTvis,<br />

rom ganacxadSi aRwerili movlenebi ar iyo rasizmiT ganpirobebuli,<br />

pasuxad mohyva konvenciis me-14 muxlis darRveulad cnoba me-2 muxlTan<br />

mimarTebiT.<br />

157. didi palata ganmeorebiT aRniSnavs, rom garkveul garemoebebSi,<br />

sadac movlenebi srulad an nawilobriv mTavrobis eqskluziuri codnis<br />

farglebSia, rogorc es xdeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi<br />

piris gardacvalebis dros, mtkicebis tvirTi SeiZleba gadavides<br />

saxelmwifoze, raTa am ukanasknelma warmoadginos damakmayofilebeli<br />

da sarwmuno ganmarteba sikvdilis gamomwvev mizezebTan dakavSirebiT<br />

(ix. salmani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, no. 21986/93, § 100, ECHR 2000-VII).<br />

didi palata ver gamoricxavs SesaZlebloba, rom garkveul pirobebSi<br />

diskriminaciis saqmeebze mopasuxe mTavrobas daekisros valdebuleba,<br />

gaabaTilos diskriminaciis Sesaxeb dasabuTebuli saCivari da Tu is<br />

amas ar gaakeTebs, daadginos konvenciis me-14 muxlis darRveva. Tumca,<br />

iq, sadac, rogorc am SemTxvevaSi amtkiceben, adgili hqonda rasistuli<br />

motiviT Cadenil Zaladobriv aqts, aseTi midgoma tolfasi iqneboda,<br />

mopasuxe saxelmwifosTvis mogveTxova, daemtkicebina, rom Sesabamis<br />

84

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naCova da sxvebi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

pirebs ar gaaCndaT garkveuli subieqturi mosazrebebi. mravali qveynis<br />

samarTlebriv sistemaSi politikis an gadawyvetilebis diskriminaciuli<br />

efeqtis mtkicebuleba gaauqmebda calkeul, momsaxurebis gawevis an<br />

dasaqmebis sferoSi arsebul, diskriminaciasTan mimarTebiT ganzraxvis<br />

mtkicebis saWiroebas. magram, miuxedavad amisa, Zneli iqneba, es midgoma<br />

gadmoitano saqmeSi, sadac adgili aqvs mtkicebas, rom Zaladobrivi<br />

aqti rasobrivad iyo motivirebuli. didi palata emijneba palatis<br />

midgomas da ar miiCnevs, rom, Tu xelisufleba ver moaxerxebs efeqturi<br />

gamoZiebis Catarebas mkvlelobis rasistul motivTan dakavSirebiT, aman<br />

unda gadaitanos mtkicebis tvirTi mopasuxe mTavrobaze me-14 muxlis<br />

darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT, me-2 muxlis arsebiT nawilTan mimarTebiT.<br />

ramdenad Seesabameboda xelisuflebis moqmedebebi mis procedurul<br />

movaleobebs, calke sakiTxia da masze sasamarTlo qvemoT imsjelebs.<br />

158. amrigad, yvela Sesabamisi elementis Sefasebis Sedegad, sasamarTlo<br />

ar adgens, rom adgili aqvs rasistul motivs batonebis angelovisa da<br />

petkovis sikvdilSi.<br />

159. Sesabamisad, is adgens, rom ar hqonia adgili konvenciis me-14 muxlis<br />

darRvevas me-2 muxlTan mimarTebiT mis arsebiT aspeqtSi.<br />

2. proceduruli aspeqtebi: Seasrula Tu ara mopasuxe saxelmwifom<br />

Tavisi valdebuleba SesaZlo rasistuli motivis gamoZiebisas<br />

(a) zogadi principebi<br />

160. didi palata iziarebs palatis analizs, winamdebare saqmeSi<br />

xelSemkvreli saxelmwifos procedurul valdebulebasTan dakavSirebiT,<br />

gamoiZios Zaladobrivi aqtebis SesaZlo rasistuli motivi. kerZod,<br />

palatam ganacxada, rom (§§ 156-159 ):<br />

`saxelmwifoebs gaaCniaT zogadi valdebuleba konvenciis me-2 muxliT,<br />

ganaxorcielon sicocxlis xelyofis saqmeTa efeqturi gamoZieba..~<br />

... es valdebuleba unda Sesruldes diskriminaciis gareSe, rogorc amas<br />

moiTxovs konvenciis me-14 muxli... iq, sadac arsebobs eWvi, rom rasobrivma<br />

ganwyobam gamoiwvia Zaladobrivi aqti, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania,<br />

rom oficialuri gamoZieba warimarTos yuradRebiTa da miukerZoeblobiT<br />

imis dasadastureblad, rom sazogadoeba mudmivad gmobs rasizmsa da<br />

eTnikur SuRls, amasTan, uzrunvelyofs umciresobaTa rwmenas imasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, rom xelisufleba daicavs maT rasistuli Zaladobisagan.<br />

saxelmwifos pozitiuri valdebulebebis Sesabamisad, konvenciis me-2<br />

muxli moiTxovs, qveynis SidasamarTlebrivma sistemam gamoiyenos<br />

sisxlis samarTali im piris mimarT, vinc sxvisi sicocxle ukanonod xelyo,<br />

miuxedavad msxverplis rasobrivi Tu eTnikuri warmomavlobisa ( ix.<br />

mensoni da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg (dek.), no. 47916/99,<br />

ECHR 2003-V)...<br />

... Zaladobrivi incidentebis, gansakuTrebiT ki, saxelmwifos<br />

warmomadgenelTa mier Cadenili mkvlelobebis gamoZiebisas, saxelmwifos<br />

ekisreba damatebiTi valdebuleba, gadadgas yvela gonivruli nabiji<br />

nebismieri rasistuli motivis gamosavlenad da imis dasadgenad, iTamaSa<br />

Tu ara gadamwyveti roli rasistulma Tu eTnikuri siZulvilma an<br />

ganwyobam. am valdebulebis Seusrulebloba da rasobrivad motivirebuli<br />

85

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

Zaladobis da sisastikis im danaSaulebis msgavsad gamoZieba, sadac<br />

saxeze ar aris rasobrivi motivebi, Tvalis daxuWva iqneboda imaze, rom<br />

aseTi qmedebebi gansakuTrebulad laxavs fundamentur uflebebs da ar<br />

eTavseba konvenciis me-14 muxls (ix. mutatis mutandis, slimenosi saberZneTis<br />

winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 34369/97, § 44, ECHR 2000-IV). imisaTvis, rom SenarCundes<br />

sazogadoebis rwmena samarTaldamcavi organoebis mimarT, xelSekrulebis<br />

monawile saxelmwifoebma, Zalis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebis gamoZiebisas,<br />

unda uzrunvelyon zRvris gavleba Zalis gadaWarbebiT gamoyenebis<br />

SemTxvevebsa da rasistul mkvlelobebs Soris, samarTlis donezec da<br />

praqtikuladac.<br />

rasobrivi motivaciis damtkiceba xSirad praqtikaSi Zalian rTulia.<br />

mopasuxe mTavrobis valdebuleba, gamoiZios SesaZlo rasistuli motivebi<br />

Zaladobriv aqtebSi, gulisxmobs imas, rom miiRos yvela aucilebeli da<br />

ara absoluturad yvela zoma (ix. mutatis mutandis, Sanagani gaerTianebuli<br />

samefos winaaRmdeg, no. 37715/97, § 90, ECHR 2001-III, romelic adgens<br />

imave standarts gamoZiebis zogad valdebulebasTan dakavSirebiT).<br />

xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma unda moimoqmedon yvelaferi,<br />

rac gonivrulia Seqmnil viTarebaSi, raTa Seagrovon da daamagron<br />

mtkicebulebani, gamoiyenon yvela praqtikuli saSualeba WeSmaritebis<br />

dadgenis mizniT da miiRon dasabuTebuli, miukerZoebeli da obieqturi<br />

gadawyvetilebebi im saeWvo faqtebis ignorirebis gareSe, romlebic<br />

SeiZleba miuTiTebdnen rasobrivad motivirebul Zaladobaze.~<br />

161. didi palata, Tavis mxriv, amatebs, rom xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa<br />

valdebuleba, gamoiZion SesaZlo kavSiri rasobriv aqtsa da Zaladobriv<br />

aqts Soris, warmoadgens konvenciis me-2 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

maTi proceduruli valdebulebis aspeqts, magram SeiZleba miCneuli<br />

iyos konvenciis me-14 muxliT me-2 muxlTan mimarTebiT warmoSobil<br />

valdebulebad sicocxlis uflebis diskriminaciis gareSe dacvis Sesaxeb.<br />

ori debulebis urTierTkavSiris gaTvaliswinebiT, winamdebare saqmeSi<br />

warmoSobili darRvevis sakiTxi SeiZleba ganixilos mxolod erT muxlTan<br />

an orivesTan mimarTebiT. es sakiTxi unda gadawydes yoveli saqmis faqtebisa<br />

da braldebis bunebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />

(b) am principebis gamoyeneba winamdebare saqmeSi<br />

162. sasamarTlom ukve daadgina, rom bulgareTis xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenlebma daarRvies konvenciis me-2 muxli, vinaidan ar<br />

ganaxorcieles mniSvnelovani gamoZieba batonebis angelovisa da petkovis<br />

sikvdilis mizezebis gamosavlenad (ix. zemoT punqtebi 114-119). is adgens,<br />

rom winamdebare saqmeSi calke gamokvlevis sagani unda gaxdes braldeba<br />

mizezobriv kavSirze rasistul ganwyobasa da ori adamianis mkvlelobis<br />

faqts Soris.<br />

163. xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma gamoiZies batonebis angelovisa da<br />

petkovis mkvleloba ise, rom hqondaT baton m.m.-s Cveneba, msxverplTa<br />

mezoblisa, romelsac maiorma `g~-m, miuSvira ra iaraRi, Sehyvira `Tqve<br />

wyeulo boSebo~ (ix. zemoT punqti 35). aRniSnuli Cveneba, bulgareTSi<br />

arsebuli anti-boSuri damokidebulebis gaTvaliswinebiT, gadamowmebas<br />

moiTxovda.<br />

86

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naCova da sxvebi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

164. didi palata adgens, rom nebismieri verbaluri rasistuli Seuracxyofa,<br />

gamoTqmuli samarTaldamcavi organos warmomadgenelTa mier, operaciis<br />

dros eTnikuri an sxva umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebis winaaRmdeg Zalis<br />

gamoyenebisas, Zalian axlosaa kiTxvasTan, hqonda Tu ara adgili ukanono,<br />

siZulviliT motivirebul Zaladobas. iq, sadac gamoZiebis Sedegad msgavsi<br />

mtkicebulebis utyuaroba dadasturdeba, unda moxdes yvela faqtis<br />

zedmiwevniT Semowmeba, raTa gamovlindes rasistuli motivi, romelsac<br />

SesaZloa adgili hqonoda.<br />

165. ufro metic, is faqti, rom maiorma `g~-m gamoiyena metismetad<br />

gadaWarbebuli Zala ori SeuiaraRebeli da aramoZalade adamianis<br />

winaaRmdeg, aseve moiTxovda yuradRebiT gamoZiebas.<br />

166. amrigad, gamomZiebelsa da prokurorebs, romlebic CarTuli iyvnen<br />

winamdebare saqmeSi, gaaCndaT sakmarisi safuZveli SeSfoTebisaTvis,<br />

rasac unda mohyoloda Tavdapirveli mokvlevis Catareba; da Tu misi<br />

Sedegebi miscemda amis safuZvels, Semdgomi gamoZieba Zaladobis aqtsa da<br />

rasistul motivebs Soris SesaZlo kavSiris Taobaze.<br />

167. Tumca, xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma araferi gaakeTes imisaTvis,<br />

rom gadaemowmebinaT baton m.m.-s Cveneba. maT, amasTan dakavSirebiT, ar<br />

dakiTxes mowmeebi. maior `g~-s ar hkiTxes, Tu ratom CaTvala aucileblad<br />

amgvari intensivobis Zalis gamoyeneba. ar Semowmebula maior `g~-s warsuli<br />

imis gasarkvevad, iyo Tu ara igi adre msgavs incidentebSi CarTuli, an<br />

gamoavlina Tu ara warsulSi anti-boSuri damokidebuleba. es Secdomebi<br />

damZimebuli iyo gamomZieblisa da prokuroris qmedebiT, romlebmac,<br />

rogorc sasamarTlom zemoT aRniSna, yuradReba ar miaqcies Sesabamis<br />

faqtebs da Sewyvites gamoZieba, riTac maior `g~-s misces SesaZlebloba,<br />

Tavi aeridebina pasuxismgeblobisaTvis (ix. punqtebi 36-54 da 115-117).<br />

168. amrigad, sasamarTlo adgens, rom xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma<br />

ar Seasrules konvenciis me-14 muxliT amave konvenciis me-2 muxlTan<br />

erTobliobiT dakisrebuli valdebuleba, mieRoT yvela zoma imis<br />

dasadgenad, iqonia Tu ara diskriminaciam gavlena incidentis Sedegebze.<br />

Sesabamisad, Sedegad, adgili hqonda konvenciis me-14 muxlis darRvevas<br />

me-2 muxlTan erTobliobaSi procedurul aspeqtebTan mimarTebiT.<br />

V. konvenciis 41-e muxlis gamoyeneba<br />

ziani<br />

170. didi palatis winaSe ganmcxadeblebma waradgines igive moTxovna,<br />

materialuri da aramaterialuri zianis anazRaurebis mizniT kompensaciis<br />

miRebis Taobaze, rogorc es gaakeTes palatis mier saqmis ganxilvisas.<br />

mTavrobas amaze komentari ar gaukeTebia.<br />

171. palatis gadawyvetilebis Sesabamisi nawilis Tanaxmad (§§ 177-184):<br />

`q-ni naCova, batoni angelovis qaliSvili da qalbatoni hristova, misi<br />

partniori da qalbaton naCovas deda erToblivad iTxovdnen 25,000 evros<br />

batoni angelovis mkvlelobis mimarT konvenciis Sesabamisi muxlebis<br />

darRvevis safuZvelze. es Tanxa moicavda 20,000 evros aramaterialuri<br />

zianis nawilSi da 5000 evros materialuri zianis saxiT. q-ni rangelova<br />

da b-ni rangelovi erToblivad iTxovdnen igive odenobis Tanxas maTi<br />

87

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

Svilis b-n kiril petkovis sikvdilis da saqmeSi arsebuli konvenciis sxva<br />

darRvevis gamo.<br />

aramaterialur zianTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlo srulad akmayofilebs<br />

mosarCeleTa moTxovnas.<br />

materialur zianTan dakavSirebiT, ganmcxadeblebi moiTxovdnen<br />

dakargul Semosavals, rac mohyva msxverplTa sikvdils. ganmcxadeblebma<br />

ver warmoadgines dokumenturi mtkicebulebebi amis Taobaze, magram<br />

ganacxades, rom TiToeuli msxverpli uzrunvelyofda ojaxs finansurad<br />

da aseve gaagrZelebda, cocxali rom darCeniliyo. maT iTxoves<br />

TiToeulisaTvis 5000 evros miniWeba. mTavrobam ganacxada, rom moTxovna<br />

iyo gazviadebuli bulgareTSi cxovrebis standartis TvalsazrisiT.<br />

sasamarTlo adgens, rom mTavrobas ar udavia mosarCeleTa dasabuTebasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo ver xedavs raime safuZvels<br />

sxvagvari daskvnis gakeTebisaTvis.<br />

rac Seexeba materialuri zaralisaTvis gamosayofi Tanxis zust odenobas,<br />

aRniSnuli aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom moxdes sruli reparacia (restitutio<br />

in integrum). materialur danakargTan dakavSirebiT, ganmcxadeblebs<br />

mainc SeiZleba mieceT kompensacia miuxedavad siZneleebisa, zustad<br />

ganisazRvros miuRebeli Semosavlis odenoba. sasamarTlo am SemTxvevaSi<br />

imoqmedebs ise, rogorc es sxva msgavs saqmeebSi gaakeTa (ix. zeti da sxvebi<br />

gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 29392/95, § 120, ECHR 2001-V).<br />

winamdebare saqmeSi mxareTa dasabuTebisa da Sesabamisi faqtorebis _<br />

msxverplTa da ganmcxadebelTa asakis da gardacvlilebTan siaxlovis<br />

_ gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo adgens, miekuTvnos 5,000 evro q-n<br />

naCovasa da q-n hristovas erToblivad, b-ni angelovis sikvdiliT<br />

gamowveuli miuRebeli Semosavlis saxiT da 2,000 evro erToblivad q-n<br />

da b-n rangelovebs b-ni petkovis sikvdiliT gamowveuli dakarguli<br />

SemosavlisaTvis.~<br />

172. didi palata adasturebs palatis analizs. is adgens, rom marTebulia<br />

ganmcxadebelTa saCivari materialur da aramaterialur zianTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, rac mohyva konvenciis me-2 da me-14 muxlebis darRvevas da<br />

rom ar arsebobs dakisrebuli kompensaciis Semcirebis mizezi miuxedavad<br />

imisa, rom didma palatam ar daadgina me-2 muxlis darRveva konvenciis me-14<br />

muxlTan mimarTebiT. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo q-n naCovasa da q-n hristovas<br />

erToblivad aniWebs 25,000 evros materialuri da aramaterialuri<br />

zianisaTvis da q-n rangelovasa da b-n rangelovs erToblivad _ 22,000<br />

evros materialuri da aramaterialuri zianisaTvis.<br />

konvenciis 45,2 muxlisa da sasamarTlos wesebis 74,2 wesis Tanaxmad,<br />

gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi Tan erTvis am gadawyvetilebas:<br />

(a) mosamarTle ser nikolas bracas gansxvavebuli mosazreba;<br />

(b) mosamarTleebis kasadevalis, hediganis, mularonis, furasandostromis,<br />

giumianis da Splimanis erToblivi, nawilobriv<br />

gansxvavebuli mosazreba.<br />

88

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5. guli TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

(ganacxadi no. 22676/93)<br />

procedura<br />

saqmiswarmoeba daiwyo ganacxadiT (no. 22676/93), romelic 1993 wlis 25<br />

agvistos adamianis uflebaTa evropul komisiaSi (`komisia~), adamianis<br />

uflebaTa da fundamentur TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenciis<br />

(`konvencia~) 25-e muxlis safuZvelze, TurqeTis winaaRmdeg Semoitana<br />

TurqeTis moqalaqe mehmet gulim (`ganmcxadebeli~).<br />

saqmis faqtobrivi mxare (mokle araoficialuri versia)<br />

ganmcxadeblis vaJi, aseve mehmet guli daiRupa policiis mier misi<br />

saxlis karTan cecxlis gaxsnis Sedegad, bozovaSi Catarebuli operaciis<br />

dros. mkvlelobasTan dakavSirebuli garemoebebis Sesaxeb mxareebi<br />

ver SeTanxmdnen, Sesabamisad, konvenciis yofili 28-e muxlis Tanaxmad,<br />

gamoZieba Caatara komisiam.<br />

1993 wlis martamde ar arsebobda raime mtkicebuleba, rom mehmet guli<br />

ramenairad dakavSirebuli iyo PKK-s saqmianobasTan. policiis mier<br />

miRebuli anonimuri informaciac ar asaxelebda mehmet gulis, rogorc<br />

terorists da ar arsebobda axsna, Tu ratom moxvda misi bina gasaCxrekTa<br />

siaSi.<br />

rogorc komisiam daadgina, binis gaCxrekamde kakuni karze ar yofila<br />

xangrZlivi, arc sityvieri gafrTxileba miuciaT binaSi myofebisTvis.<br />

karze msubuqi kakunis pasuxad mehmet guli mivida karebTan. policielebma,<br />

rogorc irkveva, cecxli karis mimarTulebiT gaxsnes maSin, rodesac<br />

igi kars aRebda. SesaZloa, gasaRebis Cxakuni aRiqves, rogorc iaraRis<br />

gadatenis xma da amas mohyva policielTa mxridan reaqcia. mehmet gulis<br />

Sebrunebis dros moxvda tyvia zurgis areSi, rac fataluri aRmoCnda<br />

sxva Wrilobebisgan gansxvavebiT. ganmcxadebelma da misi vaJis colma,<br />

karis gaxsnis Semdeg, daWrili mehmet guli waiyvanes axlos mdebare<br />

janmrTelobis centrSi. centridan saavadmyofoSi gadayvanisas mehmet<br />

guli gardaicvala. miuxedavad oficrebis mtkicebisa, rom Cxrekis dros<br />

mehmet gulis saxlSi aRmoCenili iqna ori Tofi da 9 mm carieli vazna,<br />

komisiam ar miiCnia es faqti dadgenilad imis gamo, rom es mtkicebuleba ar<br />

iyo saTanadod gamagrebuli da am sakiTxze policielTa CvenebebSi bevri<br />

winaaRmdegoba aRmoCnda.<br />

samarTlebrivi mxare<br />

I. mTavrobis winaswari Sepasuxeba<br />

53. mopasuxe mTavrobam sasamarTlosadmi wardgenil SepasuxebaSi aRniSna,<br />

rom ganmcxadebels ar hqonda amowuruli qveynis SidasamarTlebrivi<br />

saSualebebi konvenciis 35-e muxlis Sesabamisad, raTa mieRo xelmisawvdomi<br />

samarTlebrivi reparacia sisxlis samarTlis saqmis wamowyebiT an<br />

samoqalaqo an administraciul sasamarTloebSi gasaCivrebiT. mTavrobam<br />

apelireba moaxdina aitekinis saqmeze, sadac sasamarTlom mxari dauWira<br />

89

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

saxelmwifos Sepasuxebas sarCelis dasaSvebobasTan dakavSirebiT (aitekini<br />

TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 23 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, angariSebi<br />

1998-VII, p. 2807).<br />

55. sasamarTlo imeorebs, rom qveynis SidasamarTlebrivi saSualebis<br />

amowurva, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia konvenciis 35-e muxlis §<br />

1-li punqtiT, avaldebulebs ganmcxadebels, upirvelesad, amowuros<br />

adgilobriv doneze xelmisawvdomi samarTlebrivi saSualebebi imisaTvis,<br />

rom miiRos samarTlebrivi reparacia yvela darRvevisaTvis, romelsac<br />

adgili hqonda. msgavsi saSualebis arseboba unda iyos sakmarisad<br />

gansazRvruli rogorc Teoriul, ise praqtikul doneze; sxvagvarad, ar<br />

SeiZleba, rom es saSualeba CaiTvalos xelmisawvdomad da efeqturad.<br />

35 § 1 muxli aseve iTxovs, rom saCivrebi, romelTa evrosasamarTloSi<br />

gagzavnacaa gamiznuli, gagzavnamde unda iyos Setanili Sesabamis<br />

Sidasaxelmwifoebriv organoebSi Sida samarTlis formaluri da<br />

Sinaarsobrivi moTxovnebis Sesabamisad. magram aq ar igulisxmeba<br />

mimarTvis valdebuleba iseTi organoebisadmi, romlebic araadekvaturi<br />

da araefeqturia (ix. aqsoi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 1996 wlis 18 dekembris<br />

gadawyvetileba, angariSebi, 1996-VI, gv. 2275-76, §§ 51-52 da gadawyvetileba<br />

akvidari TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, angariSebi, 1996-IV, gv. 1210, §§ 65-67).<br />

56. sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom Turquli samarTali iZleva administraciuli,<br />

samoqalaqo da sisxlis samarTlebrivi saSualebebis gamoyenebis<br />

SesaZleblobas saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa mier Cadenili ukanono da<br />

danaSaulebrivi qmedebebis sapasuxod (ix. zemoT punqtebi 44-52).<br />

57. marTalia, TurqeTis konstituciis 125-e muxliT uzrunvelyofili<br />

administraciuli dacvis saSualeba iTvaliswinebs Tanamdebobis pirTa<br />

mkacr pasuxismgeblobas (ix. zemoT paragrafi 50), Tumca, yuradsaRebia is<br />

garemoeba, rom konvenciis me-2 da me-13 muxlebi iTxovs iseTi gamoZiebis<br />

Catarebas, romelsac SeeZleba sasikvdilo dazianebis mimyenebel<br />

damnaSaveTa gamoaSkaraveba. Sesabamisad, ganmcxadeblisTvis xelmisawvdomi<br />

es administraciul-samarTlebrivi saSualeba SeiZleba CaiTvalos<br />

iluzoruli dacvis saSualebad, vinaidan maqsimumi, rac dazaralebuls<br />

SeeZlo mieRo, iyo fuladi kompensacia miyenebuli zianis gamo (ix. iasa<br />

TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 2 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, angariSebi<br />

1998-VI, gv. 2431, § 74).<br />

Sesabamisad, ganmcxadebeli ar iyo valdebuli, gamoeyenebina<br />

administraciul-samarTlebrivi zomebi da mTavrobis winaswari Sepasuxeba<br />

am sakiTxTan mimarTebiT ar miiCneva safuZvlianad.<br />

59. sasamarTlo xazs usvams im garemoebas, rom qveynis Sida samarTlebrivi<br />

saSualebebis amowurvis wesis gamoyenebisas, is ganixileba adamianis<br />

uflebaTa dacvis adgilobrivi meqanizmis konteqstSi, romelTa<br />

dafuZnebasac maRali xelSemkvreli saxelmwifo daTanxmda. Sesabamisad,<br />

konvenciis 35 § 1 muxlis gamoyeneba unda moxdes garkveuli moqnilobiTa<br />

da gadaWarbebuli formalizmis gareSe. aseve, mniSvnelovan yuradRebas<br />

imsaxurebs Tavad individualuri saqmis specifikac. sasamarTlo ar<br />

eTanxmeba mdgomareobas, rom ganmcxadebels an mis warmomadgenels<br />

ekisreba valdebuleba, gaarkvios, moxda Tu ara devnis Sewyvetis Taobaze<br />

gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba uzenaesi administraciuli sasamarTlos<br />

mier. ganmcxadeblis, rogorc mosarCelis vinaoba, kargad iyo<br />

cnobili saxelmwifos wamomadgenelTaTvis da, Sesabamisad, arsebobda<br />

90

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guli TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

mosarCelisaTvis Setyobinebis valdebuleba imis Taobaze, rom devna<br />

daiwyo da rom mas SeeZlo am procesSi CarTuliyo, rogorc samoqalaqo<br />

mosarCele.<br />

60. rac Seexeba samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebas saxelmwifos<br />

warmomadgenelTa ukanono qmedebis an ukanono aqtebis Sedegad<br />

miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis Taobaze (ix. zemoT paragrafi<br />

52), sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom ganmcxadebels Teoriulad hqonda<br />

SesaZlebloba, daewyo Sesabamisi samarTalwarmoeba, magaliTad, policiis<br />

sami TanamSromlis winaaRmdeg. Tumca, ganmcxadebeli amtkicebs, rom<br />

incidentis gamoZiebis Tvisobrivi naklovaneba da procesis warmoebis<br />

manera mas efeqturad arTmevda sakuTar uflebaTa dacvis perspeqtivas<br />

policiis oficerTa bralis dadgeniT momxdar qmedebebTan mimarTebiT.<br />

61. sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom saxelmwifo Sepasuxebis is nawili,<br />

romelic exeba sisxlissamarTlebriv da samoqalaqosamarTlebriv<br />

dacvis saSualebebs, wina planze swevs sisxlis samarTlis gamoZiebisa da<br />

procedurebis efeqturobis sakiTxs, rac mWidro kavSirSia ganmcxadeblis<br />

saCivarTan konvenciis me-2 da me-13 muxlebTan dakavSirebiT. sasamarTlo<br />

aRniSnavs, rom winamdebare saqme gansxvavdeba aitekinis saqmisagan, romelsac<br />

mopasuxe mTavroba Tavis SepasuxebaSi eyrdnoba, radgan am ukanasknelSi<br />

sisxlis samarTlis samxedro sasamarTlom jariskacs, romelmac mokla<br />

ganmcxadeblis qmari, msjavri gamoutana gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenili<br />

mkvlelobisaTvis. sakasacio sasamarTloSi Setanili orive saCivari,<br />

erTi mxriv, ganmcxadeblis da, meore mxriv, generaluri prokuraturis<br />

warmomadgenlisa, iTxovda msjavrdebulis damnaSaved cnobas mkvlelobis<br />

ufro mZime Semadgenlobis CadenaSi. am garemoebebSi ar SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />

rom saxelmwifos mier warmoebulma gamoZiebam ar misca ganmcxadebels<br />

gonivruli SesaZlebloba, gaekeTebina yvelaferi misi meuRlis mkvlelis<br />

gasamarTlebisTvis (ix. zemoT citirebuli aitkenis gadawyvetileba, gv.<br />

2827, § 83).<br />

62. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo mxedvelobaSi ar iRebs saxelmwifos winaswar<br />

Sepasuxebas, romelic exeba dacvis administraciul-samarTlebrivi<br />

saSualebebis gamoyenebas (ix. zemoT punqtebi 49-51). is aerTianebs<br />

samoqalaqosamarTlebrivi da sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebTan<br />

mimarTebiT dasaSvebobasTan dakavSirebul winaswari Sepasuxebis nawils<br />

saqmis arsebiT mxaresTan (ix. qveviT punqtebi 102-107).<br />

III. konvenciis me-2 muxlis savaraudo darRvevis Taobaze<br />

65. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebs, rom misi Svili mehmet guli yovelgvari<br />

gamarTlebis gareSe mokles policiis TanamSromlebma, rodesac<br />

gardacvlilis binis karebTan gaxsnes cecxli. is aseve acxadebs, rom<br />

efeqturi gamoZieba ar Catarebula mkvlelobis garemoebaTa sruli<br />

gamokvlevis mizniT.<br />

66. mTavroba ar daeTanxma ganmcxadeblis braldebebs. komisiam gamoxata<br />

mosazreba, rom me-2 muxli dairRva, vinaidan policiis TanamSromelTa<br />

mier Zalis gamoyeneba iyo absoluturad araproporciuli da aseve imitom,<br />

rom saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebma ar Caatares adekvaturi sisxlis<br />

samarTlis gamoZieba mehmet gulis mkvlelobis faqtTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

91

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

A. mxareTa dasabuTeba<br />

1. ganmcxadebeli<br />

67. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom misi Svili yovlad gaumarTleblad<br />

mokles policiis TanamSromlebma misi saxlis karebTan cecxlis gaxsnis<br />

Sedegad. marTalia, ganmcxadebeli iziarebs komisiis mier dadgenil<br />

faqtebs da daskvnebs imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom srola warmoadgenda<br />

policiis oficrebis mier Zalis araproporciuli gamoyenebis Sedegs,<br />

Tumca, miiCnevs, rom komisiis daskvnebi Seicavs incidentis sxva faqtobrivi<br />

da samarTlebrivi garemoebebis gamarTlebas.<br />

68. upirveles yovlisa, ganmcxadebelma gaiziara, rom operaciis dagegmvis<br />

Taobaze mcire odenobis informaciis xelmisawvdomoba ar iZleva daskvnis<br />

gakeTebis saSualebas imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom misi Svilis mkvleloba<br />

xelisuflebis mier dagegmili eqstra-iuridiuli xasiaTis mkvleloba iyo.<br />

Tumca, komisiis mier dadgenili faqtebi amyarebs mosazrebas, rom operacia<br />

imdenad aramarTebulad daigegma da warimarTa, Tavad dagegmarebis<br />

proceduriT dairRva sicocxlis uflebis dacvis valdebuleba. is inter<br />

alia miuTiTebs mkacr instruqciaze, romelic policiis oficrebs misces<br />

imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom binaSi imyofeboda teroristi maSin, roca iq<br />

msgavsi aravin iyo. garda amisa, konvenciis me-2 muxls arRvevs Semdegi<br />

sakiTxebi: policiis oficrebisTvis instruqciis armicema imis Sesaxeb,<br />

Tu rodis unda gamoeyenebinaT iaraRi; gegmis ararseboba, Tu ra gziT<br />

unda SeeRwiaT binaSi; informaciis armiwodeba imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom<br />

SenobaSi aseve imyofebodnen qalebi da bavSvebi. ganmcxadeblis mtkicebiT,<br />

aRniSnul operacias aklda strategiuli da taqtikuri dagegmva,<br />

kerZod, ar ganxilula operaciis sxvagvari msvlelobis SesaZlebloba.<br />

magaliTad, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom operacias aklda dagegmva, saWiro<br />

iyo, sifrTxiliT ganexorcielebinaT Cxreka, raTa Tavidan aecilebinaT<br />

sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyeneba<br />

69. meore, mtkicebulebebiT gamtkicebuli faqtis Tanaxmad, policiis<br />

oficrebs ganzraxuli hqondaT ganmcxadeblis Svilis mokvla, Sesasvleli<br />

karisTvis cecxlis gaxsnis gziT. ganaTeba mizanmimarTulad iqna<br />

gamorTuli saxlis gareT. aranairi gafrTxileba imis Taobaze, rom karTan<br />

iyo policia, ar gakeTebula da oficrebma gaisroles maSin, rodesac<br />

mehmet guli karis gaRebas cdilobda. srola gagrZelda garkveuli<br />

periodis ganmavlobaSi. igi warmoadgenda koncentrirebul qmedebas da<br />

ara panikiT gamowveul reaqcias. movlenaTa amgvari msvleloba dadginda<br />

zepiri Tu werilobiTi mtkicebulebiT, ramdenadac zogierTi policiis<br />

TanamSromlis gancxadebiT, operaciis mizani iyo im pirebis ganeitraleba,<br />

romlebic moqmedebdnen saxelmwifos interesebis sawinaaRmdegod.<br />

70. mesame, policiis oficrebma ar aRmouCines drouli da efeqturi<br />

samedicino daxmareba ganmcxadeblis mZimed daWril Svils, rac warmoSobs<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxliT daculi sicocxlis uflebis kidev erT mZime<br />

darRvevas. ganmcxadeblis Svilis hospitalizaciis Seferxeba rom ara (is<br />

gzaSi daiRupa), is SeiZleba gadarCeniliyo.<br />

71. da bolos, iziarebs ra komisiis daskvnas, rom mehmet gulis mkvlelobis<br />

saqmesTan mimarTebiT gamoZieba araefeqturi da araadekvaturi iyo,<br />

ganmcxadebeli uTiTebs SemTxvevis adgilis gamokvlevis xarvezebzec.<br />

aseve, gardacvlilis gakveTis proceduras aklda detaluroba, riTac<br />

92

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guli TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

xeli SeeSala saTanado analizis Catarebas miyenebuli Wrilobebis simZimis<br />

dasadgenad. ar iqna gamokvleuli dartymis niSnebi, anu ar iqna moZiebuli<br />

tyvia imis Sesamowmeblad, ramdenad safuZvliani iyo policiis oficrebis<br />

mier micemuli Cveneba cecxlis gaxsnasTan dakavSirebiT; policiis<br />

TanamSromelTagan Cvenebis miReba moxda SeyovnebiT; ar gamoikvlies<br />

operaciis dagegmvis detalebi da iaraRis gamoyenebis sakiTxi; aseve, ar<br />

dadginda gasrolil tyviaTa raodenoba.<br />

2. mTavroba<br />

72. mTavroba amtkicebs, rom policiis TanamSromlebis mier ganmcxadeblis<br />

Svilis mokvla moxda SemTxveviT. isini moqmedebdnen yovelgvari<br />

daudevrobis gareSe, misces ra naTeli gafrTxileba binis karze<br />

dakakunebiT. maT gaisroles mxolod mas Semdeg, rac gaisrola Tavad<br />

binaSi myofma. Sesabamisad, policielebis reaqcia ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos<br />

araproporciulad iseve, rogorc es moxda andronikusa da konstantinus<br />

saqmeSi kviprosis winaaRmdeg (1997 wlis 9 oqtombris gadawyvetileba,<br />

angariSebi 1997-VI, gv. 2059). maT cecxli gaxsnes mxolod maSin, roca<br />

gulwrfelad irwmunes, rom es aucilebeli iyo sakuTari sicocxlis<br />

dasacavad. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, adgili hqonda mxolod ramdenime<br />

sapasuxo gasrolas. karis mimarTulebiT ganxorcielebuli srolis mizani<br />

didwilad iyo misi gaxsna da im adamianebis daxmareba, romlebic binis<br />

Signidan Svelas iTxovdnen.<br />

73. mTavroba uaryofs, rom adgili hqonda operaciis raime winaswar<br />

dagegmvas da imasac, rom mehmet gulis saxlis Cxreka ganxorcielda sxva<br />

msgavsi saqmeebisgan gansxvavebul pirobebSi. iaraRis gamoyeneba moxda<br />

ise, rogorc es moxdeboda sxva msgavsi SeiaraRebuli konfrontaciisas<br />

da am dros saerTo wesebi iqna gamoyenebuli. mTavroba ar eTanxmeba<br />

komisiis mosazrebas imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom iaraRis meSveobiT<br />

rkinis karis gaReba xorcieldeboda gaufrTxileblad da sawinaaRmdego<br />

Sedegi gamoiRo, rac ar Seesabameba im meTodebs, romlebiTac kargad<br />

momzadebuli anti-teroristuli Zalebi unda moqmedebdnen. es qmedeba<br />

aseve ar Seesabameboda dazvervis mier mowodebul informacias, romlis<br />

Tanaxmadac, binaSi imyofebodnen teroristebi.<br />

74. ufro metic, mTavrobam usafuZvlod miiCnia ganmcxadeblis mtkiceba<br />

imasTan dakavSirebiT, TiTqos srolis Semdeg policiam uari Tqva<br />

daxmarebis gawevaze maSin, roca ganmcxadeblis vaJi SemTxvevis adgilidan<br />

swored policiis daxmarebiT da policiis manqaniT gadahyavdaT.<br />

75. rac Seexeba gamoZiebas, generalurma prokurorma gadadga yvela<br />

aucilebeli nabiji aRniSnuli faqtis gamosaZieblad. moxda SemTxvevis<br />

adgilis fotografireba da sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertizis<br />

Catareba, aseve, saketis balistikuri kvleva. gardacvlilis sxeuli<br />

saTanadod iyo gamokvleuli, Tumca, klasikuri gakveTis proceduris<br />

Catareba ar gaxda aucilebeli, vinaidan sikvdili aSkarad gamowveuli iyo<br />

cecxlsasroli Wrilobis Sedegad, romelmac moklulis lumbosakralur<br />

zonaSi SeaRwia. yvela Cveneba, romelic saWiro iyo saqmis garemoebaTa<br />

dasadgenad, miRebul iqna ojaxis wevrTagan, mezoblebisa da policiis<br />

TanamSromlebisgan. amasTan, sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas<br />

daeqvemdebarnen policiis TanamSromlebi, romlebmac cecxli gaxsnes.<br />

93

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlom agreTve moipova eqspertTa daskvnebi,<br />

romlebic eyrdnoboda faqtebsa da saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs.<br />

sasamarTlos kompetenciaSi Sedioda aRniSnuli daskvnebis Sefaseba da<br />

mas SeeZlo, Tuki saWirod CaTvlida, kidev moepovebina sxva eqspertTa<br />

damatebiTi daskvnebi. Tumca, sasamarTlom daadgina, rom policiis<br />

TanamSromlebi ar moqmedebdnen gaufrTxileblad. gamomdinare aqedan,<br />

adgili ar hqonda raime naklovanebas da gamoZieba Catarda konvenciis me-2<br />

muxlis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad.<br />

b. sasamarTlos Sefaseba<br />

1. sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyeneba policiis TanamSromelTa mier<br />

76. me-2 muxli, romelic icavs sicocxlis uflebas da gansazRvravs, Tu<br />

ra SemTxvevaSia sococxlis warTmeva gamarTlebuli, konvenciis erTerT<br />

yvelaze fundamentur normas warmoadgens, romlisgan gadaxvevac<br />

ar daiSveba. is adgens garemoebebs, rodesac am uflebisagan gadaxveva<br />

SeiZleba gamarTlebulad CaiTvalos. konvenciis me-3 muxlTan erTad<br />

is warmoadgens demokratiuli sazogadoebis erT-erT umTavres<br />

Rirebulebas, romelic aerTianebs evropis sabWoSi Semaval demokratiul<br />

sazogadoebebs. garemoebebi, romlis drosac sicocxlis warTmeva<br />

SeiZleba gamarTlebulad CaiTvalos, viwrod unda ganimartos. konvenciis,<br />

rogorc individTa damcveli instrumentis, mizania, aseve, me-2 muxli ise<br />

iqnes gamoyenebuli da ganmartebuli, rom misi dacvis meqanizmebi iyos<br />

maqsimalurad efeqturi da praqtikuli (ix. makqeni da sxvebi gaerTianebuli<br />

samefos winaaRmdeg, 1995 wlis 27 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, seria A no.<br />

324, gv. 45-46, §§ 146-147).<br />

78. me-2 muxliT miniWebuli uflebebis mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

sasamarTlo sicocxlis warTmevis SemTxvevebs uqvemdebarebs yvelaze<br />

frTxil Semowmebas, iRebs ra mxedvelobaSi aramarto saxelmwifos<br />

warmomadgenelTa qmedebebs, aramed saqmesTan dakavSirebul yvela<br />

garemoebas. saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa mier Zalis gamoyeneba<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxlis meore paragrafSi Camoyalibebuli miznebis<br />

misaRwevad SeiZleba gamarTlebulad CaiTvalos maSin, rodesac is emyareba<br />

gulwrfel rwmenas, romelic xelSesaxebi mizezebis gamo raRac momentSi<br />

safuZvlianad aRiqmeba da garkveuli drois Semdeg aRmoCndeba, rom mcdari<br />

iyo (ix. zemoT citirebuli makqenisa da sxvebis gadawyvetileba gv. 58-59, §<br />

200).<br />

79. winamdebare saqmeSi saeWvo ar gamxdara faqti, rom mehmet guli<br />

gardaicvala cecxlsasroli Wrilobis Sedegad, romelic man miiRo<br />

specialuri daniSnulebis jgufis policiis TanamSromlebis mier<br />

karis mimarTulebiT srolis Sedegad maSin, rodesac is kars ukan idga.<br />

sasamarTlo eTanxmeba komisiis daskvnas imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom ar<br />

arsebobda Sesabamisi mtkicebuleba, romelic daadasturebda, rom am<br />

operaciis ganmxorcieleblebs miRebuli hqondaT instruqcia sasikvdilo<br />

Zalis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb, an rom es iyo operaciis winaswar dadgenili<br />

mizani. Tumca, ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom cecxlis gaxsna amJRavnebda<br />

policiis oficrebis ganzraxvas, moeklaT kars ukan mdgomi piri.<br />

80. sasamarTlo aucileblad ar miiCnevs, imsjelos _ policiis<br />

warmomadgenlebi moqmedebdnen ganzraxviT, moeklaT ganmcxadeblis<br />

94

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guli TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

Svili, Tu maT daudevrobis gamo ver gaiTvaliswines safrTxe kars ukan<br />

mdgomi adamianis sicocxlisTvis. sasamarTlos ar aqvs sisxlis samarTlis<br />

sasamarTlos funqcia, gansazRvros konkretuli damnaSavis braleulobis<br />

xarisxi. is miiCnevs, rom policiis oficrebma am situaciaSi gamoiyenes<br />

araproporciuli Zala Semdeg garemoebaTa gamo.<br />

81. sasamarTlo eyrdnoba komisiis daskvnebs, romlis Tanaxmadac, mehmet<br />

guli, romelic binaSi cxovrobda mis colTan da SvilebTan erTad,<br />

karTan mivida daaxloebiT 1:00 saaTze kakunis sapasuxod. maSin, rodesac<br />

kars aRebda, samma policielma gaxsna cecxli erTi mimarTulebiT. is<br />

sasikvdilod daiWra cecxlsasroli iaraRidan gasrolili tyviebis<br />

Sedegad. srolis siZlierem sruliad gaunadgura marjvena xelis TiTebi.<br />

policiis TanamSromelTa mtkiceba imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom mehmet<br />

gulma maTi mimarTulebiT gaisrola, ar miiCneva sarwmunod da arc raime<br />

damakmayofilebeli mtkicebulebiT iyo gamyarebuli. mtkicebam, TiTqos<br />

binaSi aRmoCenili iqna ori Tofi da carieli vazna, incidentis Semdeg<br />

dakarga sarwmunooba saqmis masalebSi misi arasaTanado aRweris gamo da,<br />

Sesabamisad, policielTa Cvenebebi am sakiTxze ar aris sarwmuno.<br />

82. aseT garemoebebSi 50-55 tyviis gasrola karis mimarTulebiT ar iyo<br />

gamarTlebuli raime gonivruli rwmeniT, rom maT sicocxles binaSi<br />

myofi pirisagan safrTxe emuqreboda. aRniSnuli gasrola ver CaiTvleba<br />

gamarTlebulad im mosazrebidan gamomdinare, rom gasrola gamiznuli<br />

iyo binaSi usafrTxod SesaRwevad, vinaidan msgavsi qmedeba safrTxis<br />

qveS ayenebda karebTan axlo manZilze myof pirebs. rogorc sasamarTlo<br />

miuTiTebs, komisia, Tavisi delegatebis mosazrebaTa safuZvelze,<br />

miiCnevda, rom oficrebma SesaZlebelia cecxli gaxsnes karis saketis<br />

gadawevis xmis pasuxad, radgan egonaT, rom teroristebi maTTvis cecxlis<br />

gaxsnas apirebdnen. miuxedavad amisa, araidentificirebuli obieqtis<br />

mimarTulebiT avtomaturi iaraRidan cecxlis gaxsna udanaSaulo<br />

samoqalaqo pirebiT, bavSvebiTa da qalebiT dasaxlebul sacxovrebel<br />

korpusSi komisiam absoluturad araproporciulad miiCnia. Sesabamisad,<br />

es saqme gansxvavdeba saqmisagan androniku da konstantinu kviprosis<br />

winaaRmdeg (zemoT citirebuli, gv. 2106, §§ 191-192), sadac cecxli gauxsnes<br />

mZevlis amyvans, romlis mier iaraRis tarebis faqti damtkicebuli iyo,<br />

vinaidan man orjer isrola da gasrolis Sedegad daiWra policiis erTerTi<br />

TanamSromeli da mZevali.<br />

83. sasamarTlo adgens, rom policiis TanamSromelTa mxridan iaraRis<br />

gamoyeneba ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos, rogorc `absoluturad aucilebeli~,<br />

sicocxlis dacvis miznebidan gamomdinare. Sesabamisad, saxezea konvenciis<br />

me-2 muxlis darRveva zemoaRniSnul sakiTxebTan mimarTebiT.<br />

2. operaciis dagegmvasa da kontrolirebaSi sifrTxilis savaraudo<br />

ararsebobis Taobaze<br />

84. [. . .] antiteroristuli operaciebi unda daigegmos da gakontroldes<br />

saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebis mxridan ise, rom maqsimalurad Semcirdes<br />

sasikvdilo iaraRis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba (ix. zemoT citirebuli<br />

makqenis gadawyvetileba, gv. 57, § 194; da 1998 wlis 28 ivlisis gadawyvetileba,<br />

ergi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, angariSebi 1998-IV, gv. 1776, § 79).<br />

95

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

85. ganmcxadebelma araerT epizodTan dakavSirebiT miuTiTa<br />

ganxorcielebuli operaciis arasakmaris dagegmarebasa da kontrolze,<br />

magaliTad, specialuri jgufisaTvis gakeTebuli mokle da naklebad<br />

detaluri brifingi da arasakmarisi strategiuli da taqtikuri dagegmareba<br />

moqmedebis alternatiuli versiebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, Tu<br />

binaSi SeRwevisas isini winaaRmdegobas waawydebodnen.<br />

86. sasamarTlo miuTiTebs, rom komisiam ver SeZlo, operaciis dagegmvasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT daedgina raime faqti, ramdenadac ar arsebobda dagegmvis<br />

an brifingis Sesaxeb imdroindeli Canawerebi. amasTan, mowmeTa arsebuli<br />

Cvenebebic, SemTxvevidan ramdenime wlis gasvlis Semdeg, iyo arazusti<br />

da bundovani. man ar miiCnia sarwmunod, rom am operaciis nebismieri<br />

calkeuli aspeqti eqvemdebareboda identificirebas. SeiZleba<br />

vimsjeloT, rom oficrebi saTanadod momzadebulebi rom yofiliyvnen,<br />

ufro met sifrTxiles gamoiCendnen. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, darRvevis arsi<br />

mdgomareobda saxlis karTan oficrebis araproporciul reaqciaSi. saqmis<br />

aRniSnul aspeqtTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlo ar adgens damoukidebel<br />

darRvevas.<br />

3. mehmet gulisTvis saTanado samedicino daxmarebis savaraudo<br />

aRmouCenlobis Sesaxeb<br />

87. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom policiis umoqmedoba, daxmareba<br />

aRmoeCina misTvis SemTxvevis adgilze, warmoadgenda sicocxlis uflebis<br />

damoukidebel darRvevas. gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom mehmet guli<br />

gadarCeboda policiis daxmarebis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlos azriT,<br />

sruliad ar aris gamyarebuli raime samedicino mtkicebulebiT da<br />

didwilad spekulaciuria. Tumca, samwuxaroa, rom policiam gamoiCina<br />

gulgriloba da mehmet gulis saavadmyofoSi gadayvana ojaxs miando.<br />

amis miuxedavad, sasamarTlo marTebulad ar miiCnevs am saqmis faqtebze<br />

dayrdnobiT calke darRveva daadginos.<br />

4. savaraudo araadekvaturi gamoZiebis Taobaze<br />

88. sasamarTlo imeorebs, rom konvenciis me-2 muxlidan gamomdinare,<br />

saxelmwifos valdebuleba, daicvas sicocxlis ufleba, ikiTxeba amave<br />

konvenciis pirvel muxlTan erTianobaSi `[misi] iurisdiqciis farglebSi<br />

yvelasTvis uzrunvelyofen am konvenciis pirvel nawilSi gansazRvrul<br />

uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs.~ aRniSnulidan gamomdinareobs, rom<br />

saxelmwifoSi unda arsebobdes efeqturi oficialuri gamoZieba, rodesac<br />

viRac kvdeba Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegad (ix. makqeni da sxvebi, zemoT<br />

citirebuli, gv. 49, §§ 161-63; kaia TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, gadawyvetileba,<br />

19 Tebervali, 1998w. gadawyvetilebaTa angariSebi da gadawyvetilebebi<br />

1998-I, gv. 329, § 105).<br />

89. sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom aRniSnul incidentTan dakavSirebiT gamoZieba<br />

awarmova sajaro bralmdebelma. miuxedavad incidentis seriozulobisa da<br />

aucileblobisa, momxdariyo yvela mtkicebulebis Segroveba da aRwera imis<br />

dasadgenad, Tu ra moxda, gamoZiebisas SeimCneoda mTeli rigi xarvezebi.<br />

aravis ucdia, moenaxa tyviis gula, romelic, policiis TanamSromelTa<br />

mtkicebiT, mehmet gulim gaisrola maTi mimarTulebiT da romelic maT mier<br />

cecxlis gaxsnis mTavari gamarTleba iyo. ar momxdara binaSi napovni im ori<br />

96

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guli TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

iaraRisa da carieli patronis saTanado damagreba da aRwera, romlebsac<br />

policia aseve cecxlis gaxsnis gasamarTleblad moixmobda. am sakiTxze<br />

saubrisas policielTa gancxadebebi iyo bundovani da araTanmimdevruli,<br />

rac SeuZlebels xdida imis dadgenas, Tu romelma TanamSromelma<br />

romeli iaraRi ipovna. ar momxdara iaraRebis fotografireba maTi<br />

aRmoCenis adgilze. TumcaRa, eqspertiza Cautarda brauningis tipis<br />

iaraRs, romliTac dadginda, rom am iaraRidan gasrola moxda. magram ar<br />

Catarebula mehmet gulis xelebis Semowmeba, rac SesaZlebels gaxdida<br />

xelze kvalis aRmoCenas da daadasturebda pirovnebis kavSirs iaraRTan.<br />

ar momxdara aseve TiTis anabeWdebis aReba aRniSnuli iaraRidan. gakveTaze<br />

uaris Tqmis gamo, ver dadginda mis sxeulze arsebuli Wrilobebis sruli<br />

aRwera, ramac Seaferxa Sefaseba, Tu ramdenad Seexo mas gaxsnili cecxli<br />

da rogori iyo misi pozicia da daSoreba karebidan, rac naTels mohfenda<br />

garemoebebs, romlebSic mehmet guli iqna mokluli. mTavrobis mtkicebiT,<br />

msgavsi gamokvleva saWiroebas ar warmoadgenda, vinaidan isedac naTeli<br />

iyo mehmet gulis gardacvalebis mizezi. TumcaRa, post mortem gamokvlevis<br />

mizania, naTeli moefinos sikvdilTan dakavSirebul yvela garemoebas,<br />

amasTan, moxdes SesaZlo araadamianuri mopyrobis, WrilobaTa niSnebis<br />

sruli da akuratuli aRwera da klinikuri daskvnebis obieqturi analizi<br />

(ix. am kuTxiT sanimuSo gakveTis oqmi, romelic Tan erTvis ukanono dasjisa<br />

da eqstra-iuridiuli gamoZiebis efeqturi prevenciis saxelmZRvanelos,<br />

miRebuls 1992 wels gaeros mier, sadac xazgasmulia potenciurad<br />

winaaRmdegobriv saqmeebSi sistematuri da sruli gamokvlevis da<br />

angariSgebis aucilebloba mniSvnelovani mtkicebulebebis miRebisa da<br />

xarvezebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT. aRniSnulis citireba moxda 2000<br />

welis 27 ivnisis salmani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg gadawyvetilebaSi § 73,<br />

romelic gamoqveynda 2000 wlis angariSebSi. . .).<br />

90. ufro metic, miuxedavad imisa, rom im operaciaSi monawile policiis<br />

TanamSromelTa im qmedebebis gamokvleva, romlebsac Sedegad adamianis<br />

sikvdili mohyva, gansakuTrebuli sifrTxiliTa da yuradRebiT unda<br />

momxdariyo, sajaro bralmdebelma maT saerTod ar CamoarTva Cvenebebi.<br />

policiis TanamSromelTa mier iaraRis da tyvia-wamlis gamoyenebis gamo<br />

maTi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi ar damdgara, rac kidev erTi xarvezia<br />

incidentis Semdgom gatarebuli procedurebisa. arc maT xelmZRvanels da<br />

arc sajaro bralmdebels ar mouTxovia maTi iaraRis Semowmeba da tyviawamlis<br />

raodenobis dadgena.<br />

91. aRniSnul TanamSromlebs Cveneba CamoerTvaT mxolod ori Tvis Semdeg<br />

administraciuli sabWos mier daniSnuli inspeqtoris mier. sasamarTlom<br />

ukve daadgina, rom usafrTxoebis samsaxurebis mier ganxorcielebuli<br />

mkvlelobis SemTxvevaSi, administraciuli sabWoebis mier warmoebuli<br />

gamoZieba ar CaiTvleba damoukidebel gamoZiebad, kerZod, im mizeziT,<br />

rom sabWoc da operaciaSi monawile oficrebic ierarqiulad gamgebels<br />

eqvemdebarebodnen (ix. 1998 wlis 27 ivlisis giuleji TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

gadawyvetileba, angariSebi, 1998-IV, gv.1732-1733, §§ 80-82 ). maSin, roca<br />

sabWos mier daniSnulma inspeqtorma araerT mniSvnelovan mowmes CamoarTva<br />

Cvenebebi, mas ar gadaudgams nabijebi imisaTvis, raTa gamoekvlia saerTo<br />

foni, Tu ra informaciis safuZvelze daigegma da Catarda operacia. amas<br />

SeiZleboda gamoevlina, pirvel rigSi, ratom Seitanes mehmet gulis bina<br />

operaciis ganxorcielebis sferoSi da, meore, ramdenad gamarTlebuli iyo<br />

specialuri jgufis wevrebis molodini, rom adgili eqneboda SeiaraRebul<br />

97

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

winaaRmdegobas. kerZod, Cveneba ar CamourTmeviaT im JandarmebisTvis,<br />

romlebic CarTulni iyvnen aRniSnuli operaciis dagegmvasa da miznis<br />

gansazRvraSi.<br />

92. administraciuli sabWos gadawyvetileba devnis Sewyvetis Taobaze<br />

gauqmda 1995 wlis TurqeTis umaRlesi administraciuli sasamarTlos<br />

gadawyvetilebiT, romelmac moiTxova policiis im sami TanamSromlis<br />

mimarT devnis dawyeba, romlebmac esroles mehmet guls. sasamarTlom<br />

imsjela, Tu ramdenad gamoaswora aRniSnulma sisxlissamarTlebrivma<br />

procesma gamoZiebaSi im momentamde arsebuli xarvezebi.<br />

93. sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlom dakiTxa policiis sami TanamSromeli,<br />

romelTac araferi arsebiTi ar daumatebiaT maT mier micemuli<br />

werilobiTi CvenebisaTvis. sxva mowmeebi ar dakiTxulan. ganmcxadebeli da<br />

misi ojaxis wevrebi ar iyvnen informirebulni am procesis mimdinareobis<br />

Sesaxeb da ar miecaT SesaZlebloba, sasamarTlosTvis warmoedginaT maTi<br />

radikalurad gansxvavebuli versia xsenebul movlenebTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

sasamarTlom moiTxova ori eqspertis daskvna: pirveli _ Jandarmeriis<br />

leitenantisagan da meore _ policiis eqspertisagan. aRniSnul daskvnebSi<br />

mocemuli movlenaTa Sefaseba yovelgvari ganmartebis gareSe efuZneboda<br />

mosazrebas, rom policielebisgan miRebuli movlenaTa aRwera swori<br />

iyo. orive midioda iqamde, rom saxeze ar iyo policiis TanamSromelTa<br />

braleuloba, Tumca, amgvari daskvna warmoadgenda zogadi Sefasebis<br />

Sedegs da ar eyrdnoboda teqnikuri eqspertizis daskvnas.<br />

94. sasamarTlo adgens, rom gadawyvetileba policiis sami oficris<br />

gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb srulad eyrdnoboda meore daskvnas, romlis<br />

Tanaxmad, saxeze ar iyo brali. aseve, ar momxdara imis ganmarteba, Tu<br />

ratom mieniWa policiis Cvenebebs upiratesoba gardacvlilis ojaxis<br />

wevrebis CvenebebTan SedarebiT. sasamarTlo ar xdis saeWvos im faqts,<br />

rom adgilobrivi sasamarTlo bralis an faqtebis Sefasebisas SeiZleba<br />

daeyrdnos kompetenturi eqspertis mosazrebas. Tumca, winamdebare<br />

saqmeSi naTeli ar aris, rom eqspertebi Sefasebisas daeyrdnnen teqnikuri<br />

eqspertizis raime monacems. rodesac sakuTar mosazrebas afuZnebda raime<br />

ganmartebis gareSe oficerTa qmedebebis eqspertiseul samarTlebriv<br />

klasifikaciaze, sasamarTlom efeqturad CamoarTva sakuTar Tavs<br />

iurisdiqcia, gadaewyvita am saqmis faqtobrivi da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebi<br />

(ix. magaliTad, 1996 wlis17 dekembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze tera uonigen<br />

bi. vi. nederlandebis winaaRmdeg, angariSebidan 1996-VI, gv. 2123, § 54).<br />

95. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo adgens, rom saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebma ver<br />

Caatares adekvaturi da efeqturi gamoZieba mehmet gulis sikvdilis faqtTan<br />

dakavSirebiT. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, samoqalaqo da sisxlissamarTlebrivi<br />

saSualebebis gamoyeneba am garemoebebSi Tanabrad araefeqturi iqneboda.<br />

sasamarTlo ar iziarebs saxelmwifos winaswari Sepasuxebis im nawils,<br />

romelic exeboda samoqalaqo da sisxlissamarTlebrivi procedurebis<br />

gamoyenebas da adgens, rom am mimarTebiTac dairRva me-2 muxli.<br />

A. finansuri zarali<br />

106. rac Seexeba ganmcxadeblis moTxovnas Semosavlis dakargvasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom damkvidrebuli praqtikis<br />

Tanaxmad, sasamarTlom unda daadginos mizezobrivi kavSiri miyenebul<br />

98

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guli TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

zaralsa da konvenciiT daculi uflebis darRvevis faqtebs Soris da Tu<br />

msgavs kavSirs daadgens, mas SeuZlia gaiTvaliswinos kompensaciis nawilSi<br />

dakarguli Semosavlis sakiTxic (ix. 1994 wlis 13 ivnisis gadawyvetileba<br />

barbera, mesaJi da gadawyvetileba habardo espaneTis winaaRmdeg (50-e<br />

muxli), seria A no. 285-C, gv. 57-58, §§ 16-20; da 1999 wlis 8 ivlisis<br />

gadawyvetileba CakiCi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, romelic gamoqveyndeba 1999<br />

wlis angariSebSi, § 127). aRniSnuli aseve misaRebia maSin, rodesac ver<br />

xerxdeba im zaralis zedmiwevniT daTvla, romelic gaTvaliswinebuli unda<br />

iyos finansuri zaralis gamo samarTliani anazRaurebis nawilSi (ix. 2000<br />

wlis 25 ivlisis gadawyvetileba liustig-preni da beketi gaerTianebuli<br />

samefos winaaRmdeg, muxli 41, gamoqveynda 2000 wlis angariSebSi-R, § 22).<br />

107. sasamarTlom daadgina (ix. zemoT paragrafi 83), rom mehmet guli<br />

mokles konvenciis me-2 muxlis sawinaaRmdegod, cecxlsasroli iaraRis<br />

gaumarTlebeli gamoyenebis Sedegad. Sesabamisad, saxezea aSkara<br />

mizezobrivi kavSiri mis mimarT konvenciiT garantirebul me-2 muxlis<br />

darRvevasa da finansur zarals Soris, romelic ganicades misma qvrivma<br />

da Svilebma ojaxis finansurad uzrunvelmyofi wevris dakargviT.<br />

sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom ganmcxadebels ar warmoudgenia dakarguli<br />

Semosavlis sruli daangariSeba dabegvrisa da inflaciis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

amitomac sasamarTlom gadawyvita (iseve, rogorc am tipis sxva saqmeebze),<br />

finansuri kompensaciis saxiT ganmcxadebels mianiWos 35,000 girvanqa<br />

sterlingi misi qvrivisa da mSoblebisTvis gadasacemad, Turqul liraSi<br />

konvertirebuli saxiT.<br />

B. moraluri zarali<br />

108. ganmcxadebelma, darRvevaTa simZimis gaTvaliswinebiT, moiTxova<br />

50.000 girvanqa misi SvilisaTvis, 15.000 girvanqa cal-calke TavisTvis,<br />

gardacvlilis qvrivisa da SvilebisaTvis, rac erToblivad Seadgens<br />

140.000 girvanqa sterlings, konvertirebuls Turqul liraSi gadaxdis<br />

dRisaTvis dadgenili kursiT.<br />

109. sasamarTlo kvlav imeorebs, rom mehmet gulis mkvlelobis<br />

faqtze pasuxismgebelia mTavroba. is aseve SeniSnavs, rom saxelmwifos<br />

warmomadgenlebma ar ganaxorcieles mehmet gulis mkvlelobis faqtis<br />

efeqturi gamoZieba konvenciis me-2 da me-13 muxlebis Sesabamisad.<br />

zemoaRniSnulisa da msgavs saqmeebSi gacemuli kompensaciis raodenobis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo akisrebs mTavrobas 20.000 girvanqa<br />

sterlings, gadasaxdels mehmet gulisaTvis me-2 muxlis darRvevis gamo,<br />

dazaralebuli qvrivisa da SvilebisaTvis da 10.000 girvanqa sterlings,<br />

gadasaxdels ganmcxadeblisaTvis, rogorc aramaterialuri zianis<br />

samarTlian anazRaurebas. aRniSnuli Tanxebis gadaxda moxdes Turqul<br />

liraSi konvertirebuli saxiT.<br />

vinsent berger georg ressi<br />

registraturis prezidenti<br />

konvenciis 45-e muxlis § 2-sa da sasamarTlos wesebis 74-e wesis Sesabamisad,<br />

mosamarTle golCuklus nawilobriv gansxvavebuli mosazreba daerTveba<br />

gadawyvetilebis teqsts.<br />

99

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

6. gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komitetis cnoba<br />

#449/1991: dominikis respublika<br />

10/08/94<br />

CCPR/C/51/D/449/1991<br />

(samarTali)<br />

danarTi<br />

ormocdameTxuTmete sesia<br />

cnoba No. 449/1991<br />

warmodgenilia: barbarin mojikas mier<br />

dazaralebuli: misi vaJi rafael mojika<br />

mxare saxelmwifo: dominikis respublika<br />

informaciis warmodgenis TariRi: 1990 wlis 22 ivlisi<br />

adamianis uflebaTa komiteti, Seqmnili samoqalaqo da politikuri<br />

uflebebis paqtis 28-e muxlis safuZvelze<br />

1994 wlis 15 ivlisis sxdomaze<br />

ajamebs mis mosazrebebs baton barbarin mojikas mier, misi vaJis rafael<br />

mijikas saxeliT warmodgenil cnobasTan dakavSirebiT, samoqalaqo<br />

da politikuri uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqtis fakultaturi oqmis<br />

safuZvelze<br />

iTvaliswinebs misTvis xelmisawvdom, avtoris da monawile saxelmwifos<br />

mier warmodgenil yvela werilobiT informacias<br />

iRebs mosazrebebs fakultaturi oqmis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtis<br />

safuZvelze<br />

1. cnobis avtoria barbarin mojika, dominikis respublikis moqalaqe<br />

da santo domingoSi mcxovrebi muSaTa lideri. man cnoba warmoadgina<br />

Tavisi vaJis _ dominikis moqalaqis, 1959 wels dabadebuli rafael mojikas<br />

saxeliT, romelic 1990 wlis maisSi gauCinarda. avtori Civis, rom monawile<br />

saxelmwifom misi vaJis mimarT daarRvia paqtis me-6, me-7 da me-9 muxlebi da<br />

me-10 muxlis 1-li punqti.<br />

avtoris mier warmodgenili faqtebi<br />

2.1. avtori sayovelTaod cnobili muSaTa lideria. misi vaJi rafael<br />

mojika santo domingos portis dokis muSakia, romelic bolos misma ojaxma<br />

1990 wlis 5 maisis saRamos naxa. saRamos 8 saaTidan Ramis pirvel saaTamde<br />

igi sxvebma naxes restoran `el aplosoSi~, romelic mdebareobs arimo<br />

portuarios kavSiris ubanSi. igi swored am kavSiris wevri iyo. mowmeebi<br />

adastureben, rom amis Semdeg igi Cajda taqsiSi, romliTac sxva ucnobi<br />

piri mgzavrobda.<br />

100

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2.2. avtori amtkicebs, rom misi vaJis gauCinarebamde erTi kviriT adre<br />

rafael mojikas sikvdiliT daemuqrnen direqsion de bienes nacionales<br />

(Dirección de Bienes Nacionales) samxedro oficrebi, kerZod, kapitani manuel<br />

de iesus moreli da am ukanasknelis ori TanaSemwe, romlebic cnobili<br />

arian metsaxelebiT – `martini~ da `brunkvito~. avtoris varaudiT isini<br />

mas emuqrebodnen komunisturi Sexedulebebis gamo.<br />

2.3. 1990 wlis 31 maiss avtorma, misma ojaxma da megobrebma moiTxoves<br />

gamoZiebis dawyeba rafael mojikas gauCinarebis saqmeze. am mizniT,<br />

amerikel <strong>iuristTa</strong> asociaciis dominikelma warmomadgenelma werili<br />

miswera prezident balaguers; rogorc Cans, avtors pasuxi ar miuRia.<br />

rafael mojikas gauCinarebidan erTi Tvis Semdeg dedaqalaqis sxva<br />

ubanSi, kerZod, hainas industriul zonasa da hainas sanapiroze napovni<br />

iqna TavmoWrili da dasaxiCrebuli ori gvami. imis SiSiT, rom erT-erTi<br />

SeiZleboda misi vaJi yofiliyo, avtorma samedicino eqspertiza moiTxova,<br />

romelic 1990 wlis 22 ivniss Catarda. autofsiuri gamokvlevis Sedegad<br />

msxverplTa identifikacia ver moxda, Tumca, aSkara iyo, rom arc erTi<br />

maTgani rafael monjika ar gaxldaT, rameTu mas, orive msxverplisagan<br />

gansxvavebiT, muqi feris kani hqonda (“no se trata del Sr. Rafael Mojica Melenciano,<br />

ya que éste según sus familiares es de tez oscura”). 1990 wlis 6 ivliss generaluri<br />

prokuraturis muSakma avtors gadasca autofsiuri Semowmebis daskvnis<br />

asli.<br />

2.4. 1990 wlis 16 ivliss avtorma, advokatis meSveobiT, santo domingos<br />

mTavar saxalxo prokurors mosTxova, gamoeZiebina misi vaJis gauCinarebis<br />

saqmeSi kapitan morelis da misi TanaSemweebis savaraudo monawileobis<br />

sakiTxi. avtori ar azustebs, mohyva Tu ara raime gamoxmaureba mis<br />

moTxovnas 1990 wlis 23 ivlisidan (rodesac informacia miiRo adamianis<br />

uflebaTa komitetma) 1994 wlis dasawyisamde.<br />

2.5. avtori amtkicebs, rom, dominikis respublikis kanoniT, ar arsebobs<br />

raime konkretuli samarTlebrivi saSualeba saqmeebisTvis, romlebic<br />

dakavSirebulia piris ZaladobiT an aranebayoflobiT gauCinarebasTan.<br />

saCivari<br />

3. warmodgenilia, rom zemoaRniSnuli faqtebi naTels xdis monawile<br />

saxelmwifos mier paqtis me-6, me-7, me-9 muxlebis da me-10 muxlis 1-li<br />

punqtis darRvevebs.<br />

komitetis gadawyvetileba daSvebadobasTan dakavSirebiT<br />

4.1 komitetma, misi 47-e sesiis ganmavlobaSi ganixila cnobis<br />

daSvebadobis sakiTxi. man wuxili gamoTqva monawile saxelmwifos<br />

mxridan TanamSromlobaze uaris Tqmis gamo da daadgina Semdegi:<br />

davas ar iwvevda avtoris gancxadeba imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom ar<br />

arsebobda Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi dacvis saSualebebi individualur<br />

pirTa gauCinarebis saqmeebis amosawurad. am garemoebebSi komiteti<br />

dakmayofilda imiT, rom Sesrulda fakultaturi oqmis me-5 muxlis 2(b)<br />

punqtis moTxovnebi.<br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

4.2 rac Seexeba paqtis me-10 muxlis 1-l punqts, komitetma miiCnia, rom<br />

igi dasabuTebuli ar iyo da ukavSirdeboda varauds, Tu ra SeiZleboda<br />

mosvloda rafael mojikas 1990 wlis 5 maiss misi gauCinarebis Semdeg;<br />

amrigad, komitetma daaskvna, rom am mimarTulebiT avtoris pretenzia ar<br />

Seesabameboda fakultaturi oqmis me-2 muxls.<br />

4.3 me-6, me-7 da me-9 muxlis 1-li punqtis safuZvelze avtoris saCivrebi<br />

komitetma dasabuTebulad miiCnia daSvebadobis miznebisaTvis. aqedan<br />

gamomdinare, 1993 wlis 18 marts komitetma informacia daSvebulad<br />

gamoacxada, ramdenadac isini wamoWridnen sakiTxebs, romlebic<br />

Seesabameboda paqtis me-6, me-7 da me-9 muxlebs. monawile saxelmwifos<br />

gaegzavna Txovna, warmoedgina informacia batoni mojikas gauCinarebis<br />

gamoZiebis Sesaxeb da gadmoeca saqmesTan dakavSirebuli yvela saTanado<br />

dokumentis asli.<br />

arsebiTi mxaris gamokvleva<br />

5.1. fakultaturi oqmis me-4 muxlis me-2 punqtis safuZvelze, monawile<br />

saxelmwifos vada 1993 wlis 10 noembers amoewura. 1994 wlis 2 maiss<br />

gagzavnili Sexsenebis miuxedavad, monawile saxelmwifos raime masala<br />

saqmis arsebiT mxaresTan dakavSirebiT ar warmoudgenia.<br />

5.2. komiteti wuxils da SeSfoTebas gamoxatavs im faqtTan dakavSirebiT,<br />

rom monawile saxelmwifom ar iTanamSromla cnobis arc dasaSvebobis<br />

da arc misi arsebiTi ganxilvis sakiTxebSi. fakultaturi oqmis<br />

me-4 muxlis me-2 punqtSi da, aseve, proceduruli wesebis 91-e wesSi<br />

mkafiod aris Camoyalibebuli, rom monawile saxelmwifom guldasmiT,<br />

keTilsindisierad da mocemul vadebSi unda awarmoos yvela gancxadebis<br />

gamoZieba, sadac, savaraudod, saxelmwifos mier paqtis darRvevebzea<br />

miTiTebuli da komitets miawodos mis xelT arsebuli yvela informacia.<br />

monawile saxelmwifom amis gakeTeba ver SeZlo. Sesabamisad, saTanado<br />

mniSvneloba unda mieniWos avtoris gancxadebebs im farglebSi, romelSic<br />

igi dasabuTebuli iqneba.<br />

5.3. avtori miuTiTebs paqtis me-9 muxlis 1-li punqtis darRvevaze.<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom 1990 wlis 5 maiss an mis Semdgom periodSi rafael<br />

mojikas dakavebis an dapatimrebis faqtis mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs,<br />

komiteti miuTiTebs, rom dasaSvebobis Sesaxeb miRebuli gadawyvetilebis<br />

pirobebis Sesabamisad, monawile saxelmwifos moeTxoveboda saqmis<br />

ganmarteba; man es ar gaakeTa. komiteti agreTve mianiSnebs gancxadebaze,<br />

rom rafael mojikas mis gauCinarebamde erTi kviriT adre sikvdiliT<br />

daemuqrnen direqsion de bienes nacionales oficrebi; monawile<br />

saxelmwifos es informaciac ar uaruyvia.<br />

5.4. me-9 muxlis 1-li punqtis pirveli winadadebiT, yoveli adamiani<br />

uzrunvelyofilia Tavisuflebisa da piradi usafrTxoebis uflebiT.<br />

Tavis wina samarTalwarmoebaSi komitetma daadgina, rom am uflebaze<br />

miTiTeba SeiZleba gakeTdes ara mxolod dakavebis an dapatimrebis<br />

konteqstSi. amasTan, ganmarteba, romelic monawile saxelmwifos uflebas<br />

miscems, Seeguos, dauSvas an ugulebelyos oficialur pirTa mier monawile<br />

saxelmwifos iurisdiqciaSi myof aradakavebul pirTa Tavisuflebisa da<br />

usafrTxoebisadmi safrTxis Seqmna, araefeqturs xdis paqtis garantiebs.<br />

saqmis garemoebebidan gamomdinare, komiteti askvnis, rom paqtis me-9<br />

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gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komitetis cnoba #449/191; dominikis respublika<br />

muxlis 1-li punqtis safuZvelze, monawile saxelmwifom ver uzrunvelyo<br />

rafael mojikas Tavisuflebisa da piradi usafrTxoebis ufleba.<br />

5.5. me-6 muxlis 1-li punqtis savaraudo darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT,<br />

komiteti miuTiTebs me-6 muxlze gakeTebul mis zogad komentarze<br />

6(16), sadac igi, inter alia, aRniSnavs, rom monawile saxelmwifoebma unda<br />

ganaxorcielon konkretuli da efeqturi RonisZiebebi, raTa Tavidan<br />

aicilon individualuri pirebis gauCinareba da Seqmnan efeqturi<br />

saSualebebi da procedurebi, romelic uzrunvelyofs sicocxlis<br />

uflebis SesaZlo darRvevis garemoebebSi pirTa dakargvisa da gauCinarebis<br />

saqmeebis saguldagulo gamoZiebas saTanado miukerZoebeli organos<br />

mier.<br />

5.6. komitets miaCnia, rom monawile saxelmwifos ar uaruyvia, rom (a) rafael<br />

mojika faqtobrivad gauCinarda da mis Sesaxeb araferia cnobili 1990<br />

wlis 5 maisis Semdeg; da (b) rom mis gauCinarebaSi brali miuZRviT pirebs,<br />

romlebic saxelmwifo uSiSroebis Zalebs ekuTvnian. am garemoebebis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT komiteti adgens, rom dominikis respublikam efeqturad<br />

ver daicva me-6 muxliT aRiarebuli sicocxlis ufleba, miTumetes<br />

im faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom es aris saqme, sadac dazaralebulis<br />

sicocxles manamde samxedro oficrebi emuqrebodnen.<br />

5.7. rafael mojikas gauCinarebis garemoebebi, mis mimarT ganxorcielebuli<br />

muqaris CaTvliT, saSualebas iZleva, dabejiTebiT davaskvnaT, rom igi<br />

awames an mas araadamianurad da damamcireblad moepyrnen. monawile<br />

saxelmwifos araferi warmoudgenia, rac amgvar daskvnas gaaqarwylebda<br />

an SeewinaaRmdegeboda. komiteti, darwmunebulia ra, rom mraval qveyanaSi<br />

gauCinareba Zaladobrivi an aranebayoflobiTi xasiaTisaa, askvnis, rom<br />

individualur pirTa gauCinareba ganuyoflad aris dakavSirebuli<br />

mopyrobasTan, romelic me-7 muxlis darRvevis tolfasia.<br />

6. adamianis uflebaTa dacvis komitets, moqmedebs ra samoqalaqo da<br />

politikuri uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqtis fakultaturi oqmis me-5<br />

muxlis me-4 punqtis safuZvelze, miaCnia, rom komitetis mier dadgenili<br />

faqtebi avlens monawile saxelmwifos mier paqtis me-6 muxlis 1-li<br />

punqtis, me-7 muxlis da me-9 muxlis 1-li punqtis darRvevas.<br />

7. paqtis me-2 muxlis me-3 punqtis safuZvelze, monawile saxelmwifos<br />

ekisreba valdebuleba, avtori uzrunvelyos efeqturi dacvis<br />

saSualebebiT. komiteti dabejiTebiT sTxovs monawile saxelmwifos,<br />

guldasmiT gamoiZios rafael mojikas gauCinarebis saqme, marTlmsajuleba<br />

ganaxorcielos mis gauCinarebaze pasuxismgebeli pirebis mimarT da<br />

saTanado kompensacia gadauxados mis ojaxs.<br />

8. komitets surs, monawile saxelmwifosagan 90 dRis vadaSi miiRos<br />

informacia komitetis daskvnebTan dakavSirebiT gatarebuli<br />

RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb.<br />

[miRebulia inglisur, frangul da espanur enebze; inglisuri teqsti aris<br />

originaluri versia]<br />

103

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III<br />

sicocxlis ufleba<br />

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli<br />

sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi<br />

saxelmwifos pozitiur valdebulebasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, daicvas sicocxle,<br />

roca adamiani iRupeba oficialur<br />

dawesebulebaSi da gaeros adamianis<br />

uflebaTa komitetis cnoba 888/1999<br />

1. salmani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

(ganacxadi 21986/93)<br />

gadawyvetileba<br />

strasburgi<br />

2000 wlis 27 ivnisi<br />

procedura<br />

saqmiswarmoeba daiwyo konvenciis Zveli redaqciis me-19 muxlis<br />

safuZvelze, adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropul komisiaSi (`komisia~)<br />

1999 wlis 7 ivniss, 3 Tviani periodis ganmavlobaSi, rogorc es dadgenili<br />

iyo konvenciis Zveli redaqciis 32 § 1 da 47-e muxlebiT. warmoeba daiwyo<br />

ganacxadiT (no. 21986/93), romelic 1993 wlis 20 maiss TurqeTis respublikis<br />

winaaRmdeg konvenciis Zveli redaqciis 25-e muxlis safuZvelze TurqeTis<br />

moqalaqe qalbatonma behia salmanma Semoitana.<br />

saqmis faqtobrivi mxare<br />

(komisiis mier dadgenili faqtebis mokle, araoficialuri versia)<br />

ramdenadac ganmcxadeblis meuRlis agit salmanis dakavebasa da Semdgom<br />

sikvdilTan dakavSirebuli faqtebi daudgeneli iyo, komisiam mxareTa<br />

daxmarebiT Caatara gamoZieba.<br />

agit salmani, 45 wlis mZRoli, qurT mSromelTa partiasTan TanamSromlobis<br />

braldebiT meored daakaves 1992 wlis 28 aprils. mas braldeboda navrozis<br />

dResaswaulSi monawileoba da cecxlis gaxsna uSiSroebis ZalebisTvis, ris<br />

Sedegadac daiRupa erTi kaci da daiWra ramdenime. 29 aprils, Ramis pirveli<br />

saaTisTvis zedamxedvelma oficrebs Seatyobina, rom agit salmani cudad<br />

grZnobda Tavs. is gadaiyvanes saavadmyofoSi, magram, eqimis daskvniT,<br />

saavadmyofoSi miyvanamde daaxloebiT 15 wuTiT adre is gardacvlili<br />

iyo.<br />

gakveTis Sedegebis Tanaxmad, koWze ramdenime axali mcire sisxlCaqcevis<br />

da mkerdze Zveli, mowiTalo sisxlCaqcevis garda, gardacvlils dazianeba<br />

ar aReniSneboda. sasamarTlom mis sikvdilSi braldebuli oficrebi<br />

gaamarTla, vinaidan miiCnia, rom igi daiRupa gulis daavadebisgan da ar<br />

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salmani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

dgindeboda, rom braldebulma pirebma mis mimarT wamebis an iZulebis<br />

raime meTodi gamoiyenes.<br />

komisiam daadgina, rom gardacvlils aReniSneboda Caqcevebi da naWdevebi<br />

marcxena koWze, aseve, Caqceva da gasiveba marcxena fexis terfze, rac<br />

ar SeiZleboda SemTxveviT yofiliyo gamowveuli. aRniSnuli niSnebi<br />

damaxasiaTebelia `falakas~ meTodisTvis (fexis gulebSi cema). mkerdze<br />

arsebuli sisxlCaqcevis asaki ar gansazRvrula raime akuratuli<br />

histopaTologiuri saSualebiT da ar SeiZleba imis mtkiceba, rom is ar<br />

iyo dakavSirebuli gatexil mkerdis ZvalTan. komisia ar miiCnevs, rom es<br />

dazianebebi gaCnda gulis masaJis Sedegad, vinaidan pirvelad kardialuri<br />

masaJis versia saqmeSi gaCnda oTxi wlis mere, komisiis delegatebisTvis<br />

micemul CvenebebSi. zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, komisiam daaskvna, rom<br />

agit salmani dakiTxvis dros daeqvemdebara wamebas, ramac gamoiwvia gulis<br />

Seteva, ris Sedegadac igi gardaicvala.<br />

sasamarTlosadmi wardgenili saboloo dasabuTeba<br />

77. Tavis wardginebaSi ganmcxadebeli sasamarTlos sTxovda, daedgina<br />

mopasuxe mTavrobis mier konvenciis me-2, me-3, me-13 muxlebis da Zveli<br />

redaqciis 25 § 1 muxlis darRveva. man aseve sasamarTlos sTxova konvenciis<br />

41-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli samarTliani dakmayofileba.<br />

18. mTavrobam sasamarTlos sTxova saqmis Sewyveta dauSveblobis motiviT,<br />

vinaidan ganmcxadebelma ar amowura qveynis Sida samarTlebrivi dacvis<br />

saSualebebi. isini amtkicebdnen, rom ganmcxadeblis saCivari ar iyo<br />

gamyarebuli mtkicebulebiT.<br />

II. faqtebis sasamarTlo Sefaseba<br />

90. mxareTa Soris sadavo faqtebi mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli saxelmwifos<br />

valdebulebasTan agit salmanis policiaSi dakavebisas mopyrobisa da<br />

sikvdilis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. sasamarTlo ikvlevs erToblivad<br />

faqtobriv da samarTlebriv sakiTxebs, vinaidan isini Seesabameba<br />

ganmcxadeblis saCivars konvenciis me-2, me-3 da me-13 muxlebiT.<br />

III. konvenciis me-2 muxlis savaraudo darRvevis Sesaxeb<br />

91. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom misi qmari agit salmani daiRupa policiis<br />

oficerTa cudi mopyrobis Sedegad adanis uSiSroebis direqtoratSi. igi<br />

aseve Cioda, rom ar momxdara sikvdilis garemoebaTa efeqturi gamoZieba<br />

da amtkicebda, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRvevas.<br />

92. mTavroba sadavod xdida am mtkicebas. komisiis mosazrebiT, me-2 muxli<br />

dairRva im safuZvliT, rom agit salmanis sikvdili gamoiwvia policiaSi<br />

yofnisas misma wamebam da aseve iman, rom xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma<br />

ar ganaxorcieles adekvaturi sisxlissamarTlebrivi gamoZieba misi<br />

sikvdilis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

sasamarTlos winaSe gamosul pirTa gancxadebebi<br />

1. ganmcxadebeli<br />

93. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom misi qmari dakavebis periodSi mokles.<br />

samedicino mtkicebulebis Tanaxmad, is gaxda Zalis gamoyenebis msxverpli,<br />

ramac gamoiwvia gulis gaCereba. xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma ver<br />

warmoadgines raime damakmayofilebeli ganmarteba agit salmanis sikvdilis<br />

mizezTan dakavSirebiT. nacvlad amisa, maT SeTxzes istoria, romliTac<br />

simarTlis damalvas cdilobdnen. qvrivi amtkicebda, rom rodesac<br />

piri daakaves janmrTeli da Semdeg gardaicvala, sikvdilis faqtze<br />

pasuxismgebloba, gonivruli ganmartebis warmoudgenlobis SemTxvevaSi,<br />

unda daekisros xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs. msgavsi ganmarteba ar<br />

gakeTebula gardacvlilis mkerdze arsebuli sisxlnaJRenTis, mkerdis<br />

Zvlis motexilobis da marcxena fexis dalurjebis, marcxena xelisgulsa<br />

da iRliaSi arsebuli Wrilobebis gamo.<br />

94. ganmcxadebelma aseve sTxova sasamarTlos, daedasturebina<br />

komisiis mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom adgili hqonda konvenciis me-2<br />

muxlis darRvevas, vinaidan misi qmris sikvdilis faqtis gamoZieba<br />

iyo imdenad araadekvaturi da araefeqturi, rom ewinaaRmdegeboda<br />

sicocxlis uflebis dacvis garantiebs. kerZod, gamoZieba araefeqturi<br />

iyo agit salmanTan dakavSirebiT saWiro samedicino mtkicebulebis<br />

warmodgenisas. magaliTad, ar arsebobda sisxlnaJRenTebis<br />

histopaTologiuri analizi da raime sasamarTlo-samedicino foto,<br />

rogorc es dadgenilia gaeros samodelo gvamis gamokvlevis oqmis<br />

rekomendaciebiT (ix. 73-74 punqtebi). orive eqimma, doqtorma Senma da<br />

stambulis sasamarTlo-samedicino kvlevis institutma warmoadgines<br />

subieqturi daskvna ise, rom ar mianiWes sakmarisi yuradReba SesaZlo<br />

mizezebs, rac uaryofiTad imoqmedebda xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis<br />

reputaciaze. prokurorebma aseve araferi gaakeTes imisaTvis, rom<br />

gadaemowmebinaT policiis oficerTa Cvenebebi da moepovebinaT<br />

aucilebeli mtkicebulebebi sisxlissamarTlebrivi gamoZiebisaTvis.<br />

2. mTavroba<br />

95. mTavroba acxadebda, rom ganmcxadeblis mtkicebebi usafuZvlo<br />

iyo. gvamis gakveTam da stambulis sasamarTlo-samedicino institutis<br />

daskvnam aCvena, rom agit salmanis sikvdilis mizezi gulis gaCereba<br />

gaxda, rac gamoiwvia mRelvarebam misi ayvanisa da dakavebis gamo. sakanSi<br />

is uhaerobas uCioda da policiis oficrebma saavadmyofoSi gadaiyvanes.<br />

isini misTvis xelovnuri sunTqvis Catarebas cdilobdnen, ramac gulis<br />

ficris motexiloba gamoiwvia. mtkiceba, rom is wamebis msxverpli<br />

iyo, dausabuTebelia da eyrdnoba arasarwmuno fotoebsa da eqimTa<br />

spekulacias, romelTac arc ki gamoukvleviaT sxeuli. mTavroba acxadebda,<br />

rom stambulis sasamarTlo-samedicino instituti umaRlesi profesiuli<br />

donis organizacia iyo da misi daskvna ar SeiZleboda sadavo gamxdariyo.<br />

96. mTavroba amtkicebda, rom gamoZieba iyo adekvaturi da efeqturi.<br />

Cvenebebi yvela Sesabamis mowmesa da xelisuflebis warmomadgenels<br />

CamoarTves da yvela aucilebeli samedicino da sasamarTlo-samedicino<br />

gamokvleva Catarda. maT Soris, gadamowmda sikvdilis mizezi saeqsperto<br />

daskvnis safuZvelze, romelic gasca stambulis sasamarTlo-samedicino<br />

106

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salmani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

institutma. iusticiis saministrom saqme sakasacio sasamarTloSi<br />

gadagzavna, romelmac gaauqma gadawyvetileba policiis oficerTa<br />

msjavrdebisgan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb da saqme xelaxali ganxilvisaTvis<br />

daabruna. saqme ganixila sasamarTlom, romelmac gaamarTla policiis<br />

oficrebi. amrigad, ganxorcielda yvela aucilebeli qmedeba incidentis<br />

gamosaZieblad.<br />

B. sasamarTlos Sefaseba<br />

1. agit salmanis sikvdili<br />

97. me-2 muxli, romelic icavs sicocxlis uflebas da adgens garemoebebs,<br />

rodesac sicocxlis xelyofa SeiZleba gamarTlebulad CaiTvalos,<br />

warmoadgens konvenciis erT-erT yvelaze fundamentur debulebas,<br />

romlisgan gadaxvevac dauSvebelia. me-3 muxlTan erTad, is aseve<br />

adgens evrosabWos qveynebis demokratiuli sazogadoebis ZiriTad<br />

faseulobebs. amrigad, garemoebebi, rodesac sicocxlis xelyofa<br />

SeiZleba gamarTlebulad CaiTvalos, metismetad mkacradaa SezRuduli.<br />

konvenciis, rogorc kerZo pirTa dacvis instrumentis, mizani da amocana<br />

moiTxovs, me-2 muxli ganimartos da gamoyenebul iqnes imgvarad, rom iyos<br />

praqtikuli da efeqturi (ix. makkeni da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos<br />

winaaRmdeg, 1995 wlis 27 seqtembris gadawyvetileba Series A no. 324, gv.<br />

45-46, §§ 146-47).<br />

98. mTlianobaSi wakiTxuli me-2 muxlis teqsti adasturebs, rom igi<br />

moicavs ara mxolod ganzrax mkvlelobas, aramed garemoebebs, rodesac<br />

nebadarTulia `Zalis gamoyeneba~, rasac SeiZleba mohyves gaufrTxilebeli<br />

Sedegi sicocxlis xelyofis saxiT. sasikvdilo Zalis ganzrax gamoyeneba<br />

aris erTi faqtori, romelic unda gaviTvaliswinoT aucileblobis<br />

Sefasebisas. Zalis nebismieri gamoyeneba unda iyos `absoluturad<br />

aucilebeli~ erTi an meti miznis misaRwevad, rac CamoTvlilia aRniSnuli<br />

muxlis `a~_`g~ punqtebSi. aRniSnuli ganmartebis Tanaxmad, aucileblobis<br />

ufro metad mkacri da zusti testi unda iyos gamoyenebuli imis<br />

gansasazRvravad, Tu ramdenad iyo saxelmwifos qmedeba `aucilebeli<br />

demokratiul sazogadoebaSi~ konvenciis 8-11 muxlebis I I paragrafis<br />

Sesabamisad. gamomdinare aqedan, gamoyenebuli Zala unda iyos mkacrad<br />

proporciuli nebadarTuli miznis misaRwevad (ix. makkeni da sxvebis<br />

gadawyvetileba, gv. 46, §§ 148-49).<br />

99. me-2 muxlis dacvis mniSvnelobis fonze, sasamarTlom unda<br />

ganaxorcielos sicocxlis aRkveTasTan dakavSirebul garemoebaTa<br />

Zalian detaluri ganxilva. mxedvelobaSi miiRos ara marto saxelmwifos<br />

warmomadgenelTa qmedebani, aramed, aseve, saqmesTan dakavSirebuli yvela<br />

garemoeba. dakavebuli pirebi umweo mdgomareobaSi arian da xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenlebs ekisrebaT valdebuleba, daicvan isini. amrigad, Tuki piri<br />

policiaSi daakaves janmrTel mdgomareobaSi da is aRmoCnda dazianebuli<br />

gaTavisuflebisas, saxelmwifos ekisreba valdebuleba, warmoadginos<br />

gonivruli ganmarteba, Tu ris gamo miadga mas es dazianebebi (ix. selmuni<br />

safrangeTis winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 25803/94, § 87, ECHR 1999-V). xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenlebze dakisrebuli valdebuleba, pasuxi agon dakavebuli<br />

piris mopyrobaze, gansakuTrebiT mkacria piris gardacvalebis<br />

SemTxvevaSi.<br />

107

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

100. mtkicebulebebis Sefasebisas, sasamarTlo, zogadad, iyenebs<br />

mtkicebis zogad standarts `gonivruli eWvis miRma~ (ix. irlandia<br />

gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, 1978 wlis 18 ianvari, Series A no. 25, gv.<br />

64-65, § 161). Tumca, aseTad SeiZleba CaiTvalos cxadi, Tanmimdevruli da<br />

udavo mtkicebulebaTa erToblioba an misi prezumfcia. iq, sadac sadavo<br />

movlenebi srulad an didwilad xvdeba eqskluziurad xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenelTa codnis sferoSi, rogorc es xdeba saqmeSi, sadac pirebi<br />

iyvnen patimrobaSi, faqtebis mkacri prezumfcia iwyebs moqmedebas<br />

daSavebulTa an maTi naTesavebis sasargeblod. marTlac, mtkicebis<br />

tvirTi ekisreba xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs, raTa maT warmoadginon<br />

damakmayofilebeli da sarwmuno ganmarteba momxdarTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

101. sasamarTlos dadgenilebiT, komisiis mier faqtebis Sefaseba naTels<br />

xdis, rom aRniSnuli saqme Seesabameba zemoaRniSnul principebs.<br />

102. agit salmani daakaves aSkarad janmrTel mdgomareobaSi, yovelgvari<br />

winaswari dazianebis an avadmyofobis gareSe. ar yofila warmodgenili<br />

gonivruli ganmartebebi marcxena xelisgulze arsebuli dazianebis,<br />

sisxlnaJRenTebis, marcxena fexze gadatyavebis, mkerdze naWdevis da<br />

motexili mkerdis Zvlis gamo. araviTari mtkicebuleba ar amyarebs<br />

mTavrobis dasabuTebas, rom gardacvlils SesaZloa dazianebebi mieRo<br />

dakavebis periodSi, anda TiTqos gatexili mkerdis Zvali iyo gulis<br />

masaJis Sedegi. eqim kirangilis daskvna imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom mkerdze<br />

sisxlnaJRenTi gaCnda dakavebamde da rom agit salmani mokvda gulis<br />

SeteviT, rac gamowveuli iyo dakavebis stresiTa da xangrZlivi periodis<br />

ganmavlobaSi uhaerobiT, uaryofil iqna profesorebis paunderis da<br />

kordneris mtkicebulebiT. eTanxmebodnen ra mtkicebulebas uecari<br />

sikvdilis, sisxlnaJRenTebisa da gatexili gulis ficris warmoSobasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, rac SeiZleboda aseve gamoewvia mkerdze dartymas, komisiam<br />

sakmaod didi interesi gamoiCina eqim kirangelis mtkicebis mimarT, iseve,<br />

rogorc uyuradReboba ar gamouCenia profesorebis kordnerisa da<br />

paunderis mtkicebulebaTa mniSvnelobisadmi. sayuradReboa is garemoebac,<br />

rom eqimma kirangelim xeli moawera stambulis sasamarTlo-samedicino<br />

medicinis institutis daskvnas, romelic ganixileboda komisiis mier da,<br />

amis gamo, ver CaiTvleba verc obieqturad da verc damoukidebel daskvnad.<br />

mtkiceba ori profesoris winaswari SeTanxmebis Taobaze, romelic gakeTda<br />

mTavrobis warmomadgenlis mier, usafuZvloa.<br />

103. sasamarTlo adgens, rom mTavrobam angariSi ar gauwia agit<br />

salmanis sikvdils, rac gamowveuli iyo gulis gaCerebiT misi dakavebis<br />

periodSi, uSiSroebis direqtoratSi da, amis gamo, mopasuxe mTavrobas<br />

pasuxismgebloba unda daekisros misi sikvdilisaTvis.<br />

Sesabamisad, adgili hqonda me-2 muxlis darRvevas.<br />

2. savaraudo araadekvaturi gamoZieba<br />

104. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom konvenciis me-2 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

saxelmwifos valdebuleba, daicvas sicocxlis ufleba, ikiTxeba amave<br />

konvenciis pirvel muxlTan erTobliobaSi _ `daicvas yvelas ufleba<br />

da konvenciis gansazRvruli Tavisuflebani sakuTari iurisdiqciis<br />

farglebSi~ _ da gulisxmobs, rom Zalis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi,<br />

pirovnebis gardacvalebis dros unda ganxorcieldes saqmis efeqturi<br />

108

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salmani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

gamoZieba (ixileT: mutatis mutandis, makqeni da sxvebis zemoT citirebuli<br />

gadawyvetileba, gv. 49, § 161, da kaia TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 19<br />

Tebervlis gadawyvetileba, angariSebi 1998-I, gv. 329, § 105).<br />

105. amasTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom zemoaRniSnuli<br />

valdebuleba gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac cxadia, rom<br />

mkvleloba moxda saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa mier. ganmcxadebelma<br />

da gardacvlilis mamam formaluri saCivari Seitanes kompetenturi<br />

sagamoZiebo organoebis winaSe da amtkicebdnen, rom es iyo wamebis Sedegi.<br />

ufro metic, Tavad faqti imis Taobaze, rom xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi<br />

informirebulni iyvnen dakavebis dros agit salmanis sikvdilis Taobaze,<br />

ipso facto warmoSobda me-2 muxliT aRiarebul valdebulebas mkvlelobis<br />

garemoebaTa efeqturi gamoZiebis Taobaze (ix. mutatis mutandis, ergi TurqeTis<br />

winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 28 ivlisi gadawyvetileba, angariSebi 1998-IV, gv.<br />

1778, § 82; da iaSas gadawyvetileba, gv. 2438, § 100). es moicavs SemTxvevebs,<br />

rodesac aucilebelia gvamis gakveTa, sadac gamovlindeba cudi mopyrobis<br />

sruli da detaluri niSnebi, moxdeba dazianebaTa klinikuri da sikvdilis<br />

mizezis obieqturi analizi.<br />

106. Tuki ganvixilavT saqmis calkeul garemoebebs, sasamarTlo miiCnevs,<br />

rom gvamis gakveTa ukiduresad mniSvnelovani iyo agit salmanis sikvdilis<br />

faqtis gamosakvlevad. sirTule, romelsac komisia waawyda am faqtebis<br />

dadgenisas da elementebi, romlebzec mxareebi jer kidev sasamarTlos<br />

winaSe kamaTobdnen, ZiriTadad sikvdilis Semdgom arasruli samedicino<br />

gamokvlevis Sedegia. kerZod, sxeulis Sesabamisi sasamarTlo-samedicino<br />

fotoebis, aseve, gakveTisa da dazianebaTa histopaTologiuri analizis<br />

ararseboba da sxeulze aRmoCenili niSnebi xels uSlida warmoSobis<br />

mizezis garkvevasa da drois zusti analizis Catarebas, rasac gadamwyveti<br />

mniSvneloba hqonda imis dasadgenad, gamoiwvia Tu ara agit salmanis<br />

sikvdili cudma mopyrobam da moxda Tu ara es mis sikvdilamde ocdaoTxi<br />

saaTis ganmavlobaSi. doqtor Senis arakvalificiuri daskvna imis Taobaze,<br />

rom gatexili gulmkerdis Zvali gulis masaJma gamoiwvia, warmodgenili<br />

iyo yovelgvari gadamowmebis gareSe da Seqmnil viTarebaSi bundovans<br />

xdida sakiTxs. daskvnaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom gakveTam daadastura agit<br />

salmanis sikvdili gulis SeteviT, rac gamoiwvia ukve arsebulma gulis<br />

daavadebam da mRelvarebam dakavebis dros.<br />

107. arasakmarisi samedicino mtkicebulebebi ganmcxadeblis wamebis<br />

Taobaze gaxda safuZveli 1992 wlis prokuraturis daskvnisa, romlis<br />

Tanaxmadac, pasuxisgebaSi ar miecnen oficrebi da adanas asizTa<br />

sasamarTlos 1994 wlis 2 dekembris gadawyvetilebisa, romliTac<br />

policiis oficrebi gaamarTles. sasamarTlo adgens, rom, gakveTis<br />

gamokvlevis defeqtebs gamo, nebismieri mcdeloba, damdgariyo policiis<br />

pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi, iyo fuWi. ufro metic, cnobili iyo, rom yvela<br />

oficeri, maT Soris sami morige oficeri, imyofeboda kontaqtSi agit<br />

salmanTan misi dakavebidan sikvdilis momentamde. aranairi mtkicebuleba<br />

ar warmodgenila oficerTa zusti vinaobis dasadgenad, romlebic<br />

SesaZloa udierad moepyrnen mas.<br />

108. am garemoebebSi, sakasacio sasamarTlos saCivari, romelsac SeeZlo,<br />

mxolod xelaxla gansaxilvelad gadaeca saqme pirveli instanciis<br />

sasamarTlosaTvis, ar iyo efeqturi aRniSnulis gasarkvevad an<br />

mtkicebulebis mosapoveblad. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo ver darwmunda, rom<br />

109

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

saCivari, romelic SeeZlo Seetana ganmcxadebels sisxlissamarTlebrivi<br />

procesis gasagrZeleblad, raime saxiT arsebiTad asaxavda Catarebuli<br />

gamoZiebis suraTs. amgvarad, ganmcxadebeli unda CaiTvalos pirad,<br />

romelmac amowura Sesabamisi sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis meqanizmebi.<br />

109. sasamarTlo adgens, rom xelisuflebam agit salmanis sikvdilis<br />

garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT ver uzrunvelyo efeqturi gamoZieba.<br />

araefeqturi aRmoCnda samoqalaqo samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebic.<br />

sasamarTlo, Sesabamisad, ar iRebs saxelmwifos mier warmodgenili<br />

Sepasuxebis sisxlis da samoqalaqo samarTlebriv nawils da adgens meore<br />

muxlis darRvevas.<br />

V. konvenciis me-13 muxlis savaraudo darRveva<br />

118. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom mas ar gaaCnda efeqturi samarTlebrivi<br />

dacvis saSualeba, romelic konvenciis me-13 muxlis safuZvelze<br />

uzrunvelyofs, rom:<br />

`yvelas, visac daerRva am konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebi da<br />

Tavisuflebebi, unda hqondes samarTlebrivi dacvis efeqtiani saSualeba<br />

erovnuli xelisuflebisagan, Tundac es darRveva Caidinos pirma, romelic<br />

samsaxurebriv uflebamosilebas axorcielebda.~<br />

119. mTavroba amtkicebda, rom incidentis gamoZieba da sasamarTlo<br />

ganxilva warmoadgenda efeqturi samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebas<br />

ganmcxadeblis saCivrisaTvis. ufro metic, man policiis oficerTa<br />

gamamarTlebeli gadawyvetilebis argasaCivrebiT Tavadve moaklo sakuTar<br />

Tavs SesaZlebloba da, Sesabamisad, ar gamoiyena efeqturi samarTlebrivi<br />

dacvis saSualeba.<br />

120. komisia, romelsac ganmcxadebeli daeTanxma, miiCnevda, rom gamoZieba da<br />

sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo ganxilva iyo araefeqturi, araadekvaturi<br />

sasamarTlo-samedicino gamoZiebidan gamomdinare. ganmcxadebeli aseve<br />

amtkicebda, rom xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa mcdeloba, SeeTxzaT<br />

ambavi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra moxda, aRZravda seriozul eWvebs me-13 muxlis<br />

darRvevis TvalsazrisiTac.<br />

121. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom konvenciis me-13 muxli uzrunvelyofs<br />

qveynis Sida samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebis arsebobas, raTa daculi<br />

iyos konvenciiT uzrunvelyofili uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi nebismieri<br />

formiT, qveynis Sida samarTlebrivi sistemis meSveobiT. miuxedavad<br />

imisa, rom xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoebs gaaCniaT garkveuli diskrecia,<br />

Tu ra wesiTa da formiT ganaxorcieleben konvenciis me-13 muxliT nakisr<br />

valdebulebebs, udavoa, rom saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos qveynis Sida<br />

samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebis arseboba, romelic SeZlebs `sadavo<br />

saCivari~ arsebiTad gadawyvitos da mianiWos Sesabamisi kompensacia. me-13<br />

muxlis valdebulebaTa farglebi icvleba rogorc praqtikis, ise kanonis<br />

bunebis mixedviT. kerZod, me-13 muxliT moTxovnili dacvis saSualeba<br />

unda iyos efeqturi rogorc praqtikaSi, ise kanoniT, gansakuTrebiT,<br />

Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT, rom mis ganxorcielebas ar unda Seeqmnes<br />

gaumarTlebeli safrTxe xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa qmedebiT an<br />

umoqmedobiT (ix. zemoT citirebuli aksoi, gv. 2286, § 95; 1997 wlis 25<br />

seqtembris gadawyvetileba aidini TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, angariSebi 1997-VI,<br />

110

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salmani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

gv. 1895-96, § 103; da kaias zemoT citirebuli gadawyvetileba, gv. 329-30, §<br />

106).<br />

me-13 muxlis fundamenturi mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT sicocxlis<br />

ufleba kompensaciis gadaxdasTan erTad moiTxovs detaluri da efeqturi<br />

gamoZiebis Catarebas, romelic uzrunvelyofs damnaSaveTa dadgenasa da<br />

dasjas sicocxlis xelyofisaTvis da moicavs momCivnis mier gamoZiebis<br />

proceduris efeqtur xelmisawvdomobas (ix. kaia TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, gv.<br />

330-31, § 107).<br />

122. winamdebare saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze,<br />

sasamarTlo adgens, rom mopasuxe mTavroba pasuxismgebelia konvenciis<br />

me-2 da me-3 muxlebis darRvevisaTvis, ganmcxadeblis qmris wamebisa da<br />

patimrobaSi sikvdilisaTvis. ganmcxadeblis saCivari, am TvalsazrisiT,<br />

`sadavoa~ me-13 muxlTan mimarTebiT (ix. boili da raisi gaerTianebuli<br />

samefos winaaRmdeg, 1988 wlis 27 aprilis gadawyvetileba, seriebi A no.<br />

131, gv. 23, § 52; da kaia da iaSas gadawyvetilebebi, gv. 330-31, § 107 da gv.<br />

2442, § 113).<br />

123. xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs ekisrebodaT valdebuleba,<br />

ewarmoebinaT efeqturi gamoZieba ganmcxadeblis qmris sikvdilis faqtTan<br />

dakavSirebiT. zemoaRniSnuli mizezebis gamo (ix. 104-109 punqtebi),<br />

araviTari sisxlissamarTlebrivi gamoZieba ar CaiTvleba srulyofilad<br />

me-13 muxlis mixedviT, romlis moTxovnebi SeiZleba ufro farTo iyos,<br />

vidre gamoZiebis valdebuleba me-2 muxliT (zemoT citirebuli kaias<br />

gadawyvetileba, gv. 330-31, § 107). sasamarTlo adgens, rom ganmcxadebels<br />

uari eTqva efeqturi dacvis saSualebaze misi qmris sikvdilis saqmeze da,<br />

Sesabamisad, sxva SesaZlo dacvis saSualebebzec, kompensaciis moTxovnis<br />

CaTvliT.<br />

Sesabamisad, adgili aqvs konvenciis me-13 muxlis darRvevas.<br />

VI. konvenciis me-2, me-3 da me-13 muxlebis darRvevis savaraudo<br />

praqtika<br />

124. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom TurqeTSi arsebobda konvenciis<br />

me-2, me-3 da me-13 muxlebis darRvevis wamaxalisebeli praqtika, romelic<br />

amZimebda misi da misi qmris, rogorc msxverplebis, mdgomareobas.<br />

miuTiTebda ra samxreT-aRmosavleT TurqeTis teritoriaze sxva<br />

saqmeebze, sadac komisiam da sasamarTlom aseve daadgines am muxlebis<br />

darRveva, ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom is avlenda xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenelTa mxridan adamianis uflebaTa mZime darRvevebisa da<br />

samarTlebrivi misageblis ararsebobis magaliTs.<br />

VIII. konvenciis 41-e muxlis gamoyeneba<br />

134. konvenciis 41-e muxlis Tanaxmad:<br />

`Tu sasamarTlo daaskvnis, rom dairRva konvenciiT an misi oqmebiT<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli ufleba, xolo Sesabamisi maRali xelSemkvreli<br />

mxaris Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi samarTali darRvevis mxolod nawilobriv<br />

gamosworebis SesaZleblobas iZleva, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo<br />

dazaralebul mxares samarTlian dakmayofilebas miakuTvnebs.~<br />

111

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

A. materialuri ziani<br />

135. ganmcxadebeli kompensaciis saxiT moiTxovda 39,320,64 girvanqa<br />

sterlings, rogorc dakargul Semosavals. is amtkicebda, rom misi qmari,<br />

romelic muSaobda taqsis mZRolad da iyo 45 wlis, TveSi iRebda 242,72<br />

girvanqa sterlingis ekvivalents. aRniSnuli cifri miRebulia TurqeTSi<br />

saSualo sicocxlis xangrZlivobis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />

136. mTavrobam ar warmoadgina aranairi dasabuTeba amasTan dakavSirebiT,<br />

uaryo ra nebismieri darRveva, romelic samarTlian dakmayofilebas<br />

imsaxurebda.<br />

137. ganmcxadeblis saCivris im nawilTan dakavSirebiT, romelic exeboda<br />

dakargul Semosavals, sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTali adgens,<br />

rom unda arsebobdes cxadi mizezobrivi kavSiri moTxovnil ziansa da<br />

konvenciis darRvevas Soris da, aseTis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba gaices<br />

Sesabamisi kompensacia (ix. sxva gadawyvetilebebs Soris, barberia, nesaJi<br />

da habardo espaneTis winaaRmdeg, 1994 wlis 13 ivnisis gadawyvetileba (50-e<br />

muxli), seriebi A no. 285-C, gv. 57-58, §§ 16-20; da jakiCi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

[GC], no. 23657/94, § 127, ECHR 1999-IV). sasamarTlo adgens (ix. punqti 103),<br />

rom xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi pasuxismgeblebi iyvnen agit salmanis<br />

sikvdilis gamo. am garemoebebSi arsebobda pirdapiri mizezobrivi kavSiri<br />

me-2 muxlis darRvevasa da misi qvrivisa da Svilebis mier finansuri wyaros<br />

dakargvas Soris, romlebic mis kmayofaze iyvnen. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs,<br />

rom mTavrobas ar udavia ganmcxadeblis mier moTxovnili Tanxis gamo.<br />

Sesabamisad, ganmcxadeblis mier warmodgenili detaluri dasabuTebis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic Seexeboda Tanxis odenobas, sasamarTlo aniWebs<br />

ganmcxadebels materialuri zianisaTvis 39,320,64 girvanqa sterlings,<br />

gadayvanils Turqul lirebSi gadaxdis TariRis mixedviT.<br />

B. moraluri ziani<br />

138. darRvevaTa sisastikisa da raodenobis gaTvaliswinebiT, ganmcxadebeli<br />

aramaterialuri zianis sakompensaciod iTxovda 60,000 girvanqa sterlings<br />

misi qmrisaTvis, xolo 10,000 girvanqa sterlings _ TavisTvis.<br />

139. mTavrobas ar warmoudgenia araviTari dasabuTeba gasaCivrebul<br />

TanxebTan dakavSirebiT. maT uaryves darRvevebis arseboba, romlebic<br />

samarTlebriv dakmayofilebas imsaxurebda.<br />

140. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom man daadgina xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenelTa pasuxismgebloba ganmcxadeblis qmris sikvdilisaTvis<br />

da aseve is, rom sikvdilamde igi policiaSi awames. me-2 da me-3 muxlebis<br />

darRvevebis garda, sasamarTlom agreTve daadgina, rom xelisuflebam ver<br />

uzrunvelyo efeqturi gamoZieba da samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualeba, rac<br />

ewinaaRmdegeboda konvenciis me-2 muxlis procedurul da me-13 muxliT<br />

nakisr valdebulebebs. garda amisa, ganmcxadebeli gaxda Seuracxyofis<br />

msxverpli, roca cdilobda gasaCivrebas. am garemoebebisa da Sesabamis<br />

saqmeebSi miniWebuli kompensaciis odenobis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo,<br />

obieqturobis safuZvelze, aramaterialuri zianisaTvis aniWebs 25,000<br />

girvanqa sterlings agit salmans, raTa aRniSnuli Tanxa gadaeces mis<br />

meuRles, rogorc ganmcxadebels, xolo 10,000 girvanqa sterlings _ TviT<br />

ganmcxadebels. am Tanxis konvertireba unda moxdes Turqul liraSi,<br />

gadaxdis momentisaTvis arsebuli kursis Sesabamisad.<br />

112

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salmani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

konvenciis 45,2 muxlis da sasamarTlos wesebis 74,2 wesis Sesabamisad,<br />

gadawyvetilebas Tan erTvis Semdegi gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi:<br />

a. qalbatoni grivis gansxvavebuli mosazreba, romelsac SeuerTda batoni<br />

bonelo.<br />

b. giujuklus gansxvavebuli mosazreba.<br />

113

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

2. angelova bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

(ganacxadi N 38361/97)<br />

gadawyvetileba<br />

strasburgi<br />

13 ivnisi 2002 weli<br />

saboloo<br />

procedura<br />

saqmis warmoeba daiwyo ganacxadiT (N. 38361/97), romelic 1997 wlis 2<br />

seqtembers adamianis uflebaTa evropul komisiaSi (`komisia~), adamianis<br />

uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis (`konvencia~) 25-e muxlis Sesabamisad,<br />

Semoitana bulgareTis moqalaqe asia angelovam (`ganmcxadebeli~).<br />

faqtobrivi mxare<br />

(mokle, araoficialuri versia)<br />

saqme exeba ganmcxadeblis vaJis, 17 wlis angel zabCekovis gardacvalebas<br />

1996 wlis 29 ianvars razgradis (bulgareTi) policiis ganyofilebaSi, misi<br />

qurdobis braldebiT dakavebis Semdeg.<br />

1996 wlis 28 ianvars, gvian RamiT, batoni zabCekovi ojaxis wevrebTan da<br />

megobrebTan erTad svamda barSi. axloblebi amtkicebdnen, rom is kargad<br />

grZnobda Tavs da aranairi dazianeba ar hqonda, roca igi ukanasknelad<br />

naxes 11-is naxevridan 12-is naxevramde.<br />

SuaRamis Semdeg axlomdebare saxlSi mcxovrebma qalbatonebma dainaxes,<br />

rogor moZraobda batoni zabCekovi manqanebis garSemo da raRacas akeTebda.<br />

maTi SeSfoTebis gamo saqmeSi CaerTo serJanti mustafovi, romelic im<br />

momentSi ar asrulebda samsaxurebriv movaleobas. serJanti daedevna<br />

zabCekovs. mogvianebiT igi amtkicebda, rom zabCekovi ramdenjerme daeca<br />

saxiT, rodesac misgan Tavis daRwevas cdilobda. Ramis pirvel saaTamde<br />

batoni zabCekovi daakaves da waiyvanes policiis ganyofilebaSi. Ramis 3<br />

saaTis Semdeg ganyofilebaSi myofma pirebma dakavebaze pasuxismgebel<br />

policielebs, romlebic am dros patrulirebas axorcielebdnen, acnobes,<br />

rom batoni zabCekovis janmrTelobis mdgomareoba uaresdeboda. isini<br />

dabrundnen policiis ganyofilebaSi, raTa enaxaT, ra xdeboda. Semdeg<br />

wavidnen saavadmyofoSi da dabrundnen saswrafo daxmarebis manqanasTan<br />

erTad. batoni zabCekovi gadaiyvanes saavadmyofoSi, sadac, daaxloebiT 5<br />

saaTze, igi gardaicvala.<br />

sisxlis samarTalwarmoeba daiwyo sikvdilis faqtis gamosaZieblad.<br />

gakveTis Sedegad dadginda, rom sikvdili gamoiwvia Tavis qalis dazianebam,<br />

romelic man miiRo sikvdilamde daaxloebiT 4 an 6 saaTiT adre. meore<br />

samedicino daskvnis mixedviT, dazianeba zabCekovma miiRo sikvdilamde<br />

daaxloebiT 10 saaTiT adre, Tumca, es daskvna eyrdnoboda mxolod<br />

dokumentur mtkicebulebebs. am daskvnis safuZvelze, gamoZieba Sewyda,<br />

114

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angelova bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

radganac dadginda, rom ar arsebobda raime mizezobrivi kavSiri policiis<br />

moqmedebebsa da zabCekovis sikvdils Soris. ganmcxadeblis mier warmoebis<br />

Sewyvetis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebas warmateba ar mohyolia.<br />

samarTlebrivi mxare<br />

I. konvenciis me-2 muxlis savaraudo darRvevis Taobaze<br />

102. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebs, rom misi Svili gaxda araadamianuri<br />

da Rirsebis damamcirebeli mopyrobis msxverpli da gardaicvala<br />

policiis TanamSromlebis mier miyenebuli Wrilobebis Sedegad,<br />

vinaidan sapyrobileSi yofnisas is ar uzrunvelyves drouli samedicino<br />

daxmarebiT, xolo saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebma ar gamoiZies aRniSnuli<br />

faqti srulad da efeqturad.<br />

A. iyo Tu ara b-ni zabCekovis sikvdili mis mimarT policiis<br />

ganyofilebaSi araadamianuri mopyrobis Sedegi<br />

1. mxareTa poziciebi<br />

(a) ganmcxadebeli<br />

103. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom saxelmwifos mier warmodgenili<br />

axsna-ganmarteba or ZiriTad argumentTan dakavSirebiT, TiTqos b-nma<br />

zabCekovma Tavis qalis momakvdinebeli dazianeba miiRo mis dakavebamde<br />

didi xniT adre da rom sxeulze arsebuli Wrilobebi miyenebulia misi<br />

dakavebis operaciis mimdinareobisas, ar iyo sarwmuno, vinaidan es versia<br />

ewinaaRmdegeboda saqmeSi arsebul mtkicebulebebs.<br />

104. rac Seexeba Tavis qalis dazianebas, ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda,<br />

rom sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertizis meore daskvna iyo sakmaod<br />

arasarwmuno, vinaidan am daskvniT, yovelgvari axsna-ganmartebis<br />

gareSe, Seicvala pirvel daskvnaSi mocemuli Sefasebani. xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenlebi efeqturad daeyrdnnen meore daskvnas da ugulebelyves<br />

daskvnebs Soris arsebiTi urTierTwinaaRmdegobis faqti. meore daskvna,<br />

momakvdinebeli dazianebis miyenebis drois dadgenisas, daeyrdno mxolod<br />

sisxlis Sededebis Sefasebas, romelic dafiqsirebulia gardacvalebidan<br />

6 saaTSi gadaRebul fotoebze.<br />

varaudi imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom b-n zabCekovs Tavis qalis dazianeba<br />

miadga 1996 wlis 28 ianvars, dakavebamde 10 saaTiT adre, daaxloebiT<br />

saRamos 6:45sT-ze, ganmcxadeblis mtkicebiT, iyo Seusabamo da sakmaod<br />

ararealisturi. msgavsi simZimis dazianeba, romelmac, savaraudod,<br />

gamoiwvia b-ni zabCekovis sikvdili, albaT ver darCeboda sruliad<br />

SeumCneveli yvela im adamianisaTvis, romlebic mas esaubrnen da<br />

Tvalyurs adevnebdnen mTeli am periodis ganmavlobaSi. ufro metic,<br />

mTavrobas ar warmoudgenia raime seriozuli mtkicebuleba im mosazrebis<br />

gasamyareblad, TiTqos b-ni zabCekovi imyofeboda `mudmiv qronikul,<br />

nervul mdgomareobaSi~, rac zrdida imis SesaZleblobas, rom mas<br />

momakvdinebeli dazianeba mieRo `farTo, swor zedapirze dacemis”<br />

Sedegad.<br />

115

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

mTavrobis ganmarteba sxva dazianebebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic<br />

aRmoCnda b-ni zabCekovis sxeulze - mkerdze, saxesa da marjvena xelis<br />

mtevanze - ganmcxadeblis azriT, iyo sruliad arasarwmuno. msgavsi<br />

dazianebebi ar SeiZleba warmoSobiliyo gaqcevisas, miwis zedapirze<br />

dacemis an xelborkilebis normaluri gamoyenebis Sedegad. sinamdvileSi,<br />

aRniSnuli dazianebebis warmomavloba arasdros gamoZiebula da<br />

mTavrobam TviTneburad SeimuSava Teoria am saqmeSi sakuTari interesebis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT. realurad ki, naTeli iyo, rom dazianebebi warmoiSva<br />

araadamianuri mopyrobis Sedegad da ramdenadac ar arsebobs aRniSnuli<br />

mosazrebis raime gamabaTilebeli mtkicebuleba, SeiZleba imis gancxadeba,<br />

rom isini miyenebul iqna Tavis qalis momakvdinebel dazianebasTan erTad.<br />

105. ganmcxadebeli aseve amtkicebs, rom aranairi ganmarteba ar<br />

warmodgenila policiis TanamSromlebis saeWvo saqcielTan da maT aSkara<br />

mcdelobasTan dakavSirebiT _ gaeyalbebinaT dakavebis saregistracio<br />

monacemebi.<br />

(b) mTavroba<br />

106. mTavrobam meore sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertizis daskvnaze<br />

miTiTebiT ganacxada, rom momakvdinebeli dazianeba b-n zabCekovs miadga<br />

mis gardacvalebamde 10 saaTiT adre da, Sesabamisad manam, sanam adgili<br />

eqneboda mis dapatimrebas.<br />

udavo iyo, rom b-nma zabCekovma mis dakavebamde sakmaod didi raodenobiT<br />

alkoholi miiRo. is iyo nasvam mdgomareobaSi da fexze myarad dgomas ver<br />

axerxebda. ufro metic, arsebobda udavo mtkicebuleba, rom sirbilisas<br />

is ramdenimejer daeca.<br />

mTavrobis mosazrebiT warmodgenili mtkicebuleba naTels xdis, rom<br />

dapatimrebisa da dakavebisas misi saqcieli Seesabameboda `gonebis<br />

droebiTi ganaTebis~ tipiur simptomebs Tavis qalis dazianebis Semdeg, rac<br />

adasturebs samedicino eqspertebis varauds momakvdinebeli dazianebis<br />

miRebis drosTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

107. mTavrobam miuTiTa, rom mowmeTa Cvenebebi b-ni zabCekovis<br />

adgilmdebareobasTan dakavSirebiT urTierTgamomricxveli iyo.<br />

ufro metic, ganmcxadebelma aRniSna, rom 1995 wels misi Svili iyo avad,<br />

ramdenjerme dakarga goneba da ixrCoboda. 1995 wels b-nma zabCekovma Tavad<br />

daadastura, rom mas awuxebda Tavis tkivilebi da gulyrebi. am safuZvelze,<br />

mTavrobam daaskvna, rom eqspertizis mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom b-nma<br />

zabCekovma momakvdinebeli dazianeba miiRo miwis mkvriv zedapirze dacemis<br />

Sedegad, iyo savsebiT sarwmuno.<br />

108. mTavrobam xazi gausva im faqts, rom ar arsebobda raime mtkicebuleba<br />

zemoaRniSnuli piris mimarT policiis ganyofilebaSi araadamianuri<br />

mopyrobis Taobaze. maTi mosazrebiT, b-ni zabCekovis mkerdze da saxeze<br />

arsebuli dazianebebis warmoSobis mizezi iyo isev da isev miwis mkvriv<br />

zedapirze dacema, xolo mis marjvena majaze arsebuli dazianeba<br />

gamowveuli iyo xelborkilebis Cveulebrivi gamoyenebiT.<br />

116

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angelova bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

2. sasamarTlos Sefasebebi<br />

(a) zogadi principebi<br />

110. konvenciis me-2 muxliT uzrunvelyofili sicocxlis uflebis<br />

dacvis mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo sicocxlis uflebis<br />

darRvevasTan dakavSirebul saqmeebs mometebuli sifrTxiliT ganixilavs,<br />

iRebs ra mxedvelobaSi yvela Sesabamis garemoebas.<br />

TavisuflebaaRkveTili adamianebi imyofebian yvelaze mowyvlad<br />

mdgomareobaSi da xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi valdebulni arian,<br />

pasuxi agon maT mimarT nebismier mopyrobaze. Sesabamisad, iq, sadac<br />

individi moTavsebulia policiis ganyofilebaSi janmrTel mdgomareobaSi,<br />

magram mogvianebiT iRupeba, mtkicebis tvirTi gadadis saxelmwifoze<br />

_ warmoadginos sarwmuno ganmarteba sikvdilis gamomwvev mizezebTan<br />

dakavSirebiT (ix. mutatis mutandis, selmuini safrangeTis winaaRmdeg [GC],<br />

no. 25803/94, § 87, ECHR 1999-V da zemoT citirebuli salmani da velikova).<br />

111. mtkicebulebis Sefasebisas, sasamarTlo adgens mtkicebis standarts<br />

`gonivruli eWvis miRma~ (ix. irlandia gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg,<br />

1978 wlis 18 ianvris gadawyvetileba, seriebi A no.25, gv.64-65, §161).<br />

Tumca, msgavsi mtkiceba SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos sakmarisad Zlieri,<br />

naTeli da Tanmimdevruli daskvnebis erTobliobiT an imgvari faqtebis<br />

prezumfciiT, romlis SemTxvevaSic, sawinaaRmdegos damtkiceba ar<br />

xerxdeba. maSin, rodesac gansaxilveli movlenebi srulad an umetesad<br />

xvdeba saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebis eqskluziuri codnis farglebSi,<br />

rogorc TavisuflebaaRkveTili piris maTi kontrolis qveS yofnisas,<br />

Zalian seriozuli varaudi warmoiSoba imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom<br />

dazianeba an sikvdili dadga dakavebis periodSi. sinamdvileSi, SeiZleba<br />

CaiTvalos, rom mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba xelisuflebas _ warmoadginos<br />

damakmayofilebeli da sarwmuno ganmarteba (ix. zemoT cit. salmani, §<br />

100).<br />

(b) aRniSnuli principebis misadageba winamdebare saqmesTan<br />

112. sasamarTlo adgens, rom b-ni zabCekovi daiRupa misi dakavebidan<br />

ramdenime saaTSi razgradis policiis ganyofilebaSi, sadac is miiyvanes mas<br />

Semdeg, rac oficerma, romelic im momentSi ar asrulebda samsaxurebriv<br />

movaleobas, xanmokle devnis Semdeg daapatimra igi. mtkicebis tvirTi<br />

ekisreba mTavrobas da, Sesabamisad, man unda warmoadginos gonivruli<br />

ganmarteba b-ni zabCekovis sikvdilTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

113. mTavrobis ganmartebiT, b-ni zabCekovis sikvdili ar SeiZleba iqnes<br />

navaraudevi, rogorc mis mimarT policiis ganyofilebaSi araadamianuri<br />

mopyrobis Sedegi, radgan sasamarTlo-samedicino daskvnis safuZvelze,<br />

momakvdinebeli Tavis qalis dazianeba mas miadga gardacvalebamde sul<br />

cota 10 saaTiT adre. aqedan gamomdinare, Tavis qalis dazianeba warmoiSva<br />

1996 wlis 28 ianvars saRamos 7 saaTamde, maSin, roca pirveli Sexla-Semoxla<br />

b-n zabCekovsa da policiis warmomadgenlebs Soris moxda 5 saaTis Semdeg.<br />

114. sasamarTlo adgens, rom meore daskvnaSi gardacvalebis drois dadgena<br />

moxda fotoebze asaxuli sisxlis Sededebis vizualuri daTvalierebis<br />

Sedegad, rac fiqsirdeba b-ni zabCekovis gardacvalebidan 6 saaTis Semdeg<br />

gadaRebul fotoebze. eqspertebma arc ki aRniSnes, Tu rogor daaskvnes,<br />

117

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

rom sisxlis Sededebul nawilebs cvlileba ar ganucdiaT b-ni zabCekovis<br />

gardacvalebis Semdeg. ganmcxadeblis mier warmodgenili samedicino<br />

Sefasebis Tanaxmad, romelic ar gabaTilebula mTavrobis mier, msgavs<br />

cvlilebebs hqonda adgili da isini mxedvelobaSi unda mieRoT.<br />

ufro metic, meore sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertizis daskvna, romelic<br />

daeyrdno mxolod dokumentur masalebs, arsobrivad gansxvavdeboda<br />

pirveli sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertizis daskvnisagan, Tumca,<br />

saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebs ar umsjeliaT da, Sesabamisad, arc<br />

daudgeniaT, Tu ratom iyo araswori pirvel daskvnaSi mocemuli monacemebi<br />

dartymis siZlierisa da Tavis qalis dazianebis drosTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

pirveli samedicino daskvna, gansxvavebiT meoresagan, eyrdnoboda Tavad<br />

gardacvlilis sxeulis gamokvlevas (ix. zemoT par. 53-59, 70 da 72-77).<br />

sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom yovelive zemoaRniSnuli amcirebs meore<br />

samedicino daskvnis sarwmuneobis albaTobas.<br />

115. naTelia, rom winamdebare saqmis garkveuli faqtebi SeiZleba aixsnas<br />

orazrovnad: b-ni zabCekovis gauazrebeli saubari da myarad dgomis<br />

SeuZlebloba SeiZleba gaxdes safuZveli daskvnisaTvis, rom mas ukve<br />

hqonda miyenebuli dazianebebi, Tumca, igive argumenti SeiZleba miviCnioT<br />

misi alkoholuri intoqsikaciis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad (ix.<br />

zemoT par. 11, 22, 28, 59, 60, 74, 76 da 95).<br />

116. Tu b-n zabCekovs namdvilad hqonda miyenebuli dazianeba 1996 wlis 28<br />

ianvris saRamos 7 saaTamde, rogorc es navaraudevi iyo meore samedicino<br />

daskvnaSi, es unda niSnavdes imas, rom igi Tavdapirvelad mosalxenad gavida<br />

megobrebTan, garkveuli periodi dahyo barSi da ukve Semdgom gadawyvita<br />

manqanis nawilebis moparva, Tumca, am dros ukve miRebuli hqonda Tavis<br />

qalis dazianeba. es albaT SeuZlebelia, Tundac misi `gonebis droebiT<br />

ganaTebis~ gaTvaliswinebiT, dazianebis miRebisa da gardacvalebis<br />

dadgomamde mimdinare periodSi. kerZod, saeWvo ar gamxdara, rom b-n<br />

zabCekovs hqonda sirbilis SesaZlebloba, rodesac `c~-m scada misi<br />

dapatimreba da dadioda Cveulebrivad, rodesac miiyvanes policiis<br />

ganyofilebaSi (ix. zemoT par. 12-14, 16 da 29).<br />

117. sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom pirvel samedicino daskvnaSi Tavis qalis<br />

dazianebis miRebis yvelaze savaraudo drod miTiTebulia periodi<br />

gardacvalebamde 4-sa da 6 saaTebs Soris _ Sesabamisad, periodi, rodesac<br />

is iyo dakavebuli policiis mier, policiaSi mis miyvanamde an miyvanis<br />

Semdgom (ix. zemoT par. 59).<br />

ufro metic, b-ni zabCekovis sxeulze aRiniSneboda sxva dazianebebic,<br />

romelTa warmoSobis mizezi SeiZleba yofiliyo igive movlenebi,<br />

romlebmac gamoiwvies misi Tavis qalis dazianeba (ix. zemoT par. 55,56,58,77<br />

da 92-94).<br />

118. mTavrobam ganacxada, rom b-n zabCekovs SeiZleba mieRo dazianebebi<br />

miwis mkvriv zedapirze dacemis Sedegad – manam, sanam is SeniSnes an<br />

idevneboda policiis mier _ vinaidan iyo nasvam mdgomareobaSi da hqonda<br />

janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi. xolo rac Seexeba anabeWdebs<br />

majaze, isini gaxldaT xelborkilebis normaluri gamoyenebis Sedegi.<br />

119. es varaudi ar aris gamyarebuli sasamarTlo-samedicino mtkicebulebiT,<br />

vinaidan dacemis sawinaaRmdego mxares miRebuli dazianebebis Sesaxeb,<br />

118

---

angelova bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

romlebic zogadad damaxasiaTebelia dacemisTvis, araferia naTqvami<br />

autopsiis Sesaxeb dokumentSi (ix. zemoT par. 73 da 95).<br />

ufro metic, sasamarTlo mniSvnelovnad miiCnevs, rom arc erTi<br />

mowme, romlebsac kavSiri hqondaT ganmcxadeblis SvilTan manam, sanam<br />

igi miyvanili iqneboda policiis ganyofilebaSi, ar aRniSnavs, rom<br />

gardacvlilis mxridan adgili hqonda raime Civils janmrTelobasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT.<br />

rac Seexeba xelborkilebis gamoyenebis faqts, ganmcxadeblis mier<br />

warmodgenili sasamarTlo daskvnis safuZvelze, xelborkilebma<br />

SeiZleba datovon kvali, Tu isini dadebulia Zalian mWidrod, an adgili<br />

aqvs pirovnebis mxridan SewinaaRmdegebas, anda xdeba misi gaTreva<br />

xelborkilebis meSveobiT. gakveTisas aRmoaCines Zalian mcire kvali b-ni<br />

zabCekovis marcxena majaze, xolo marjvenaze _ ramdenime Rrma naWdevi<br />

(ix. zemoT par. 55, 56, 58 da 95). amave daskvnaSi miTiTebulia, rom garkveuli<br />

periodis ganmavlobaSi gardacvlili xeze iyo mimagrebuli. Sesabamisad,<br />

arasarwmunoa varaudi, rom gardacvlilis xelze arsebuli dazianebani iyo<br />

warmoSobili xelborkilis normaluri gamoyenebis Sedegad. gamomdinare<br />

aqedan, Tu vivaraudebT, rom adgili hqonda danarCen or faqts, anu, b-nma<br />

zabCekovma gamoxata winaaRmdegoba an igi gaaTries, SeiZleba gakeTdes<br />

daskvna, rom igi araadamianur mopyrobas daeqvemdebara.<br />

sabolood, sasamarTlo arasarwmunod da aramniSvnelovnad miiCnevs<br />

informacias b-ni zabCekovis avadmyofobis Sesaxeb. gancxadebebi amis<br />

Sesaxeb gaakeTes Tavad b-nma zabCekovma da dedamisma sisxlissamarTlebriv<br />

braldebasTan dakavSirebiT dakiTxvis dros da es gancxadebebi mainc<br />

arafers xsnis Tavis qalis an sxva dazianebebis warmoSobis mizezis Taobaze<br />

(ix. zemoT par. 96-98).<br />

mTavrobis mier warmodgenili mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom b-nma zabCekovma<br />

Tavis qala Tavad daiziana miwis mkvriv zedapirze dacemis Sedegad,<br />

arasarwmunoa, Tu am mtkicebas ganvixilavT incidentTan dakavSirebul<br />

yvela sakiTxTan erTobliobaSi.<br />

120. warmodgenil saqmeSi mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebisas, sasamarTlo<br />

gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs informacias policiis<br />

TanamSromelTa saeWvo saqcielis Taobaze da im faqts, rom saxelmwifos<br />

warmomadgenlebma sarwmunod miiCnies maT xelT arsebuli mtkicebulebani<br />

miuxedavad seriozuli damaeWvebeli garemoebebisa, romlebic<br />

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas saWiroebdnen.<br />

policiis TanamSromelTa saeWvo saqcielis magaliTebia: 1996 wlis 29<br />

ianvris dilis 3-dan 5 saaTamde, maTi mxridan eqimisa da b-ni zabCekovis<br />

Sexvedris Seferxeba da maTi mcdeloba, sakuTari SexedulebiT SeerCiaT<br />

eqimi, romelic mas gauwevda daxmarebas (ix. zemoT par. 32-40); maTi aSkarad<br />

cru Sepasuxeba eqim mihailovis kiTxvaze, rom b-ni zabCekovi policiis<br />

ganyofilebaSi miyvanili iyo imave mdgomareobaSi, romelSic is imyofeboda<br />

dilis 5 saaTze (ix. zemoT par. 39); da dakavebis Canawerebis gayalbeba<br />

(ix. zemoT par. 41-46), romliTac maT post faqtum scades, b-ni zabCekovi<br />

gaeformebinaT, rogorc `daudgeneli piri~ miuxedavad imisa, rom is kargad<br />

iyo nacnobi policiis TanamSromlebisaTvis manqanis qurdobis braldebis<br />

gamo da igi identificirebuli iqna maT mier dakavebis operaciis pirvelive<br />

momentidan (ix. zemoT par. 25, 42 da 96-98).<br />

119

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

121. yvela Sesabamisi garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo<br />

arasarwmunod miiCnevs saxelmwifos ganmartebas b-ni zabCekovis<br />

sikvdilTan dakavSirebiT, romelic emyareboda meore sasamarTlosamedicino<br />

eqspertizis daskvnas dazianebis miyenebis drois Sesaxeb da<br />

am daskvnaSi mocemul varauds, rom biWma Tavad miiRo dazianeba dacemis<br />

Sedegad. mTavrobas ar warmoudgenia sxva raime mtkicebuleba.<br />

122. Sesabamisad, adgili hqonda konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRvevas.<br />

(b) samedicino daxmarebis droulad araRmoCenis varaudTan<br />

dakavSirebiT<br />

1. mxareTa poziciebi<br />

123. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda _ marTalia, policiis TanamSromlebma<br />

SeamCnies, rom b-ni zabCekovi kankalebda, Tumca, maT mniSvnelovnad<br />

Seaferxes samedicino Carevis SesaZlebloba dilis 3-idan da 5 saaTamde<br />

Cadenili mTeli rigi saeWvo qmedebebis ganxorcielebiT. ganmcxadeblis<br />

mosazrebiT, savaraudod, maT scades, Tavidan aecilebinaT nebismieri<br />

kontaqtis SesaZlebloba b-n zabCekovsa da damoukidebel eqims Soris,<br />

romelsac SeeZlo daedgina araadamianuri mopyrobis faqti. meore mxriv, es<br />

SeiZleba iyos, ubralod, dakavebulis keTildReobaze zrunvis movaleobis<br />

daudevari ugulebelyofis Sedegi, Tumca, nebismier SemTxvevaSi, Seferxeba<br />

fataluri aRmoCnda.<br />

124. mTavrobis mtkicebiT, policiis TanamSromlebi ar SeiZleba miCneul<br />

iqnen pasuxismgeblebad imis gamo, rom maT ver gaiazres dazaralebulisTvis<br />

gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis saWiroeba. policiis TanamSromlebma<br />

is pirvelad sibneleSi naxes. ufro metic, igi iyo nasvam mdgomareobaSi,<br />

talaxSi amosvrili, xolo marjvena Tvalis zemoT arsebul Calurjebas<br />

Tma ufaravda. mis moqmedebaSi aSkara iyo alkoholuri Trobis simptomebi.<br />

is ar uCioda cudad yofnas. faqtia, rom aranairi niSani problemisa ar<br />

yofila SemCneuli `gonebis droebiTi ganaTebis~ periodSi, rac aseve<br />

fiqsirdeba samedicino eqspertis daskvnaSi.<br />

2. sasamarTlos Sefaseba<br />

125. sasamarTlo exmianeba ra policiis TanamSromelTa saeWvo qmedebis<br />

faqts (ix. zemoT par. 120), adgens, rom maT Seayovnes b-ni zabCekovisTvis<br />

samedicino daxmarebis aRmoCena, ramac fataluri Sedegis dadgomaSi<br />

gadamwyveti roli iTamaSa.<br />

126. amasTan dakavSirebiT, mTavroba acxadebs, rom policiis TanamSromlebi<br />

ar iyvnen profesionali eqimebi da, Sesabamisad, ar SeiZleba gaxdnen<br />

kritikis sagani imis gamo, rom ver daadgines, ramdenad sagangaSo iyo<br />

gardacvlilis janmrTelobis mdgomareoba.<br />

127. es argumenti miuRebelia, radgan aSkaraa, da es faqti aravis uaruyvia,<br />

rom dilis 3 saaTze b-ni zabCekovis janmrTelobis mdgomareobam daiwyo<br />

sagrZnobi gauareseba. Tumca, am dros policiis TanamSromlebi, saswrafo<br />

samedicino samsaxuris gamoZaxebis nacvlad, daukavSirdnen maT kolegebs,<br />

romlebmac im dRes biWi daakaves. am pirebma, romlebic teritoriis<br />

patrulirebas axorcielebdnen, saWirod miiCnies, mietovebinaT<br />

120

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angelova bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

morigeoba da policiis ganyofilebaSi mdgomareobis Sesamowmeblad<br />

dabrunebuliyvnen. Seityves ra b-ni zabCekovis janmrTelobis<br />

mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, imis nacvlad, rom saswrafo samedicino daxmareba<br />

telefoniT gamoeZaxebinaT, Tavad gaemgzavrnen hospitalSi da iqidan<br />

saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis manqaniT dabrundnen, ramac, cxadia,<br />

gacilebiT didi dro waiRo (ix. zemoT par. 32-40).<br />

128. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom saqmis masalebSi saerTod araa<br />

gamoTqmuli kritika policielTa mier janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli<br />

problemis amgvari mogvarebis gamo.<br />

129. pirvel samedicino daskvnaSi, romelic warmoadgina ganmcxadebelma,<br />

aRniSnulia, rom samedicino daxmarebis dagvianebam gamoiwvia fataluri<br />

Sedegi b-ni zabCekovisaTvis (ix. zemoT par. 59 da 95).<br />

130. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo adgens, rom policielTa saeWvo saqcieli<br />

1996 wlis 29 ianvars, dilis 3-sa da 5 saaTebs Soris da saxelmwifos mxridan<br />

am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sruli ureaqcioba arRvevs saxelmwifos<br />

valdebulebas, daicvas pirTa sicocxle Tavisuflebis aRkveTis<br />

adgilebSi.<br />

131. Sesabamisad, adgili hqonda konvenciis 2 § 1 muxlis darRvevas.<br />

(g) gamoZiebis savaraudo araefeqturobasTan dakavSirebiT<br />

1. mxareTa poziciebi<br />

132. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebs, rom gamoZieba misi Svilis sikvdilTan<br />

dakavSirebiT iyo araadekvaturi, vinaidan saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebma<br />

ar gamoiZies, inter alia, mcdeloba dakavebis CanawerTa gayalbebis sakiTxTan<br />

dakavSirebiT; ugulebelyves sxva dazianebebis arseboba; ugulebelyves<br />

policiis TanamSromelTa saeWvo saqcielis faqti dilis 3-s da 5 saaTs<br />

Soris SualedSi; ar gamoiZies mizezebi, ratom Cxubobdnen policiis<br />

ganyofilebaSi dilis 5 saaTze eqimebi; aseve, faqti, Tu ratom ar iqna<br />

naxsenebi b-ni zabCekovis ojaxis wevrebisaTvis, misi sikvdilis Sesaxeb<br />

informaciis miwodebisas, rom is iyo dakavebuli.<br />

133. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebs, rom sagamoZiebo samsaxurebs, prokuraturas<br />

da policias Soris tradiciuli kavSirebis gamo, agreTve, imis gamo, rom<br />

mocemul periodSi bralmdeblis gadawyvetileba devnis ardawyebis Sesaxeb<br />

sasamarTlo gadasinjvas ar eqvemdebareboda, miCneul unda iqnes, rom<br />

gadawyvetilebis mimRebi organoebi ar iyvnen sakmarisad damoukidebeli<br />

da miukerZoebeli araadamianuri mopyrobis faqtis gamoZiebisaTvis.<br />

ufro metic, aRniSnuli xarvezis Taobaze araerTxel aRiniSna<br />

saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mxridan. ganmcxadebelma miuTiTa wamebis<br />

sakiTxebze gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komisiis specialuri momxseneblis<br />

angariSze (1997 wlis 10 ianvris dokumenti E/CN.4/1997/7), romlis me-9<br />

paragrafSi aRniSnulia:<br />

`specialuri warmomadgeneli SeSfoTebulia wamebis da araadamianuri<br />

mopyrobis SemTxvevebis simravliT, romlebic zogjer policiis<br />

ganyofilebaSi dakavebuli pirebis sikvdiliTac sruldeba [bulgareTSi].<br />

raime disciplinuri RonisZiebis gamoyenebisa an gamoZiebis Catarebis<br />

iSviaToba, romelic sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebiT<br />

121

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

dasruldeboda, aseve, pasuxismgebel pirTa devnis warmatebiT dasrulebis<br />

SemTxvevebis praqtikulad ararseboba qmnis dausjelobis sindromis<br />

matarebel klimats. mas sjera, rom saxelmwifom unda Camoayalibos<br />

sistema, romelic uzrunvelyofs Sesabamisi samarTaldamcavi organoebis<br />

mier ganxorcielebuli dakavebis, dapatimrebis an dakiTxvis procesis<br />

damoukidebel monitorings…~<br />

134. ganmcxadeblis TqmiT mas saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebis mxridan aseve<br />

miewoda araswori informacia gamoZiebis msvlelobis Taobaze _ misTvis<br />

1997 wlis Tebervlamde ar iyo xelmisawvdomi misi Svilis sikvdilis<br />

faqtTan dakavSirebiT warmoebuli gamoZiebis sruli masalebi.<br />

135. mTavrobam ganacxada, rom gamoZieba iyo swrafi da sruli, razec<br />

miuTiTebda uamravi dakiTxva, eqspertTa daskvnebi da sxva sagamoZiebo<br />

RonisZiebebi. ganmcxadebels mieca SesaZlebloba, gascnoboda saqmis<br />

masalebs da gaesaCivrebina an werilobiT moeTxova damatebiTi<br />

RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba. misi moTxovna eqshumaciasTan dakavSirebiT<br />

ar dakmayofilda, vinaidan dadgenili iyo, rom gardacvlilis neknebi ar<br />

iyo dazianebuli.<br />

2. sasamarTlos Sefaseba<br />

(a) ZiriTadi principebi<br />

136. sasamarTlo imeorebs, rom, konvenciis me-2 muxlidan gamomdinare<br />

saxelmwifos valdebuleba, daicvas sicocxlis ufleba, ikiTxeba amave<br />

konvenciis pirvel muxlTan erTianobaSi: `daicvas yvelas ufleba da<br />

konvenciiT gansazRvruli Tavisuflebani sakuTari iurisdiqciis<br />

farglebSi.~ aRniSnuli miuTiTebs imaze, rom saxelmwifoSi unda<br />

arsebobdes efeqturi oficialuri gamoZieba, rodesac viRaca kvdeba Zalis<br />

gamoyenebis Sedegad. gamoZieba unda iyos, inter alia, sruli, miukerZoebeli<br />

da zedmiwevniTi (ix. makqeni da sxvebi, zemoT citirebuli, §§ 161-63;<br />

kaia TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 19 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba,<br />

gadawyvetilebaTa angariSebi da gadawyvetilebebi 1998-I, § 105; da jakiCi<br />

TurqeTis winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 23657/94, § 86, ECHR 1999-IV).<br />

137. msgavsi gamoZiebis umTavresi mizania, moxdes adgilobrivi<br />

kanonmdeblobis gamoyeneba sicocxlis uflebis dacvis mizniT da<br />

uzrunvelyofil iqnes im saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa pasuxismgebloba,<br />

romlebic Cabmuli iyvnen msgavs ukanono qmedebaSi (ix. magaliTad, mutatis<br />

mutandis, ilhani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 22277/93, § 63, ECHR 2000-VII).<br />

138. imisaTvis, rom savaraudo ukanono mkvlelobis faqtis gamoZieba,<br />

romelSic monawileobdnen saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebi, iyos<br />

efeqturi, aucilebelia, rom is pirebi, romlebic awarmoeben mas, iyvnen<br />

damoukidebelni im pirebisgan, romlebic gareulni arian mkvlelobis<br />

faqtTan dakavSirebul movlenebSi (ix. magaliTad, giuleCi TurqeTis<br />

winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 27 ivnisis gadawyvetileba, angariSebi 1998-IV, gv.<br />

1733, §§ 81-82; da oguri TurqeTis winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 21594/93, §§ 91-92,<br />

ECHR 1999-III). es moicavs aramarto ierarqiuli an instituciuri gavlenis<br />

arqonas, aramed praqtikul damoukideblobasac (ix. magaliTad, erji<br />

TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 28 ivlisis gadawyvetileba, angariSebi<br />

1998-IV, gv. 1778-79, §§ 83-84, sadac generaluri prokurori, romelic iZiebda<br />

122

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angelova bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

gogonas gardacvalebis faqts, miiCnies arasakmarisi damoukideblobis<br />

mqone pirad, vinaidan is umTavresad eyrdnoboda mxolod Jandarmeriisgan<br />

miwodebul informacias da maT mierve ganviTarebul versias).<br />

139. gamoZieba iqneba efeqturi, Tu is, garkveulwilad, SeZlebs, gamoavlinos<br />

da dasajos pasuxismgebeli pirebi. es valdebuleba ar gulisxmobs, rom<br />

amgvari Sedegi unda dadges, aramed gulisxmobs, rom amisTvis yvela<br />

saSualeba unda iyos gamoyenebuli. saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebma unda<br />

miiRon yvela gonivruli zoma imisaTvis, rom daicvan maTTvis xelmisawvdomi<br />

da konkretul SemTxvevasTan dakavSirebuli yvela mtkicebuleba, rac,<br />

inter alia, moicavs TviTmxilvelTa Cvenebebs, sasamarTlo-samedicino<br />

eqspertizis daskvnebs da, sadac saWiroa, gvamis gakveTis Sedegebs, romelic<br />

axdens dazianebebis srul da zust aRweras da klinikuri gamokvlevis<br />

obieqtur analizs, romelic aseve adgens sikvdilis mizezs (gakveTasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT ix. zemoT cit. salmani, § 106; mowmesTan dakavSirebiT ix.<br />

tanrikuli TurqeTis winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 23763/94, § 109, ECHR 1999-IV;<br />

sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertizasTan dakavSirebiT ix. guli TurqeTis<br />

winaaRmdeg, no. 22676/93, § 89, 2000 wlis 14 dekemberi).<br />

nebismieri gadacdoma, romelic aferxebs gamoZiebis SesaZleblobas,<br />

daadginos sikvdilis mizezi an damnaSave pirebi, SeiZleba gaxdes misi am<br />

standartebTan Seusabamod cnobis safuZveli.<br />

140. nebismieri gamoZieba an misi Sedegebi, garkveuli doziT, unda<br />

eqvemdebarebodes sazogadoebriv zedamxedvelobas, raTa uzrunvelyofil<br />

iqnes pasuxismgeblobis dadgoma, rogorc Teoriulad, ise praqtikulad;<br />

SenarCunebul iqnes sazogadoebis ndoba, rom xelisufleba icavs<br />

kanonis uzenaesobis princips da axerxebs raime ukanono SeTanxmebis Tu<br />

ukanono qmedebaTa mimarT Semrigebluri damokidebulebis aRkveTas.<br />

sazogadoebrivi zedamxedvelobis intensivoba SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes<br />

saqmeebis specifikidan gamomdinare. Tumca, yvela saqmeSi dazaralebulis<br />

axlo naTesavi an dainteresebuli piri CarTuli unda iyos dazaralebulis<br />

kanonieri interesebis dacvis mizniT (giuleji, ix. zemoT par. 1733, § 82,<br />

sadac msxverplis mamas Seatyobines gadawyvetileba braldebis Sewyvetis<br />

Taobaze; oRuri, zemoT citirebuli, § 92, sadac msxverplis mamisTvis<br />

xelmiuwvdomeli iyo rogorc gamoZiebis, ise sasamarTlo masalebi; da<br />

guli, citirebuli zemoT, § 93; msgavsi saqmeebis sruli gacnobisaTvis<br />

aseve ixileT makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, no. 28883/95, §§<br />

111-15, ECHR 2001-III).<br />

(b) aRniSnuli principebis misadageba winamdebare saqmesTan<br />

141. sasamarTlo eTanxmeba mTavrobas, rom marTlac ganxorcielda araerTi<br />

sagamoZiebo qmedeba am saqmesTan mimarTebiT. gamoZieba daiwyo sworad da<br />

saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebi aqtiurad muSaobdnen aRniSnul saqmeze.<br />

gvamis gakveTa Catarda, mowmeTa umravlesoba daikiTxa araerTxel, ori<br />

urTierTgansxvavebuli saqmis versiac SemuSavda da moxda sxva Sesabamisi<br />

mtkicebulebebis mopoveba da gaanalizeba.<br />

142. Tumca, sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom gvamis gakveTisas morfologiuri<br />

monacemebis daufiqsireblobam da dacemis sawinaaRmdego mxaris<br />

dazianebebis mouxseneblobam SeuZlebeli gaxada imis dadgena, ra saganma<br />

gamoiwvia Tavis qalis dazianeba<br />

123

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

ufro metic, Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom policiis TanamSromelTaTvis<br />

arasdros uTxoviaT, aexsnaT, Tu ratom moxda dakavebis Canawerebis Secvla,<br />

ratom ar gamoiZaxes saswrafo samedicino daxmareba da ratom miawodes<br />

aSkarad mcdari informacia eqim mixailovs. iyo araerTi umniSvnelovanesi<br />

kiTxva, romlebzec gamoZiebas pasuxi unda gaeca.<br />

1996 wlis 20 marts ganxorcielebul qmedebaTa rekonstruqcia, ucnobi<br />

mizezebis gamo, yuradRebas amaxvilebda mxolod imaze, Tu ramdenjer da<br />

sad daeca batoni zabCekovi miwaze, roca is gaqcevas cdilobda, amasTan,<br />

absolutur ignorirebas axdenda im movlenebisa, romlebsac adgili<br />

hqonda policiis ganyofilebaSi; agreTve araferi iyo naTqvami drois im<br />

monakveTze _ biWis dakavebidan mis policiis ganyofilebaSi moyvanamde<br />

SualedSi _ roca is miwaze iwva xelborkiliT xeze mijaWvuli da marto<br />

iyo datovebuli serJant mutafovTan (C) da mis megobar D-sTan erTad (ix.<br />

paragrafi 21, 26, 29 - 40 da 68).<br />

ufro metic, ar arsebobs Canaweri b-ni zabCekovis dakavebis adgilis beli<br />

lomis quCis droul daTvalierebasTan dakavSirebiT. SemTxvevis adgili<br />

daaTvalieres 1996 wlis 29 ianvars daaxloebiT 11 saaTze imave policiis<br />

ganyofilebis TanamSromlebma, romlebic CarTuli iyvnen b-ni zabCekovis<br />

dakavebaSi.<br />

da bolos, gamoZieba ZiriTadad koncentrirebuli iyo Tavis qalis<br />

dazianebis warmoSobis droisa da mizezis gamokvleva-dadgenaze maSin,<br />

rodesac Zalian mcired iyo gamaxvilebuli yuradReba sxva dazianebebze,<br />

romlebic gardacvlils sxeulze aRmoaCnda.<br />

mTavrobas ar ganumartavs zemoaRniSnuli umoqmedobis faqti.<br />

143. sasamarTlo aseve miuTiTebs, rom policiis TanamSromelTa Cvenebebi<br />

gamoZiebam srulad gaiTvaliswina maTi saeWvo qmedebebis miuxedavad.<br />

garda amisa, marTalia, arsebobda aSkara winaaRmdegoba or samedicino<br />

daskvnas Soris, maT misaRebad swored meore daskvna miiCnies ise, rom arc<br />

ki ucdiaT, daedginaT, Tu ra iyo maT Soris gansxvavebis mizezi (ix. zemoT<br />

paragrafi 120). sinamdvileSi, gamoZiebis Sewyvetis safuZveli gaxda meore<br />

samedicino daskvna, romelic sakmaod saeWvo formiT adgenda dazianebis<br />

miyenebis drois sakiTxs (ix. paragrafebi 79, 81, 84 da 88-90).<br />

144. sasamarTlo adgens, rom gamoZiebas aSkarad aklda sisrulisa da<br />

miukerZoeblobis niSnebi, kerZod, b-ni zabCekovis sikvdilis mizezis<br />

dadgenisa da pasuxismgebel pirTa gamoaSkaravebis nawilSi. Sesabamisad,<br />

is efeqturad ver CaiTvleba mxolod garkveuli raodenobis daskvnebis,<br />

mowmeTa Cvenebebisa da sxva sagamoZiebo qmedebebis ganxorcielebis<br />

safuZvelze.<br />

145. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebs, rom gamoZiebis araefeqturoba gamowveuli<br />

iyo, zogadad, gamoZiebis aradamoukideblobis, mikerZoebulobis da<br />

pasuxismgeblobis dabali donis mizeziT, im saxelmwifo warmomadgenelTa<br />

mxridan, romlebic awarmoebdnen gamoZiebas policiis mier araadamianuri<br />

mopyrobis faqtTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

am konkretul viTarebaSi, rodesac dadgenilia, rom gamoZieba<br />

ganmcxadeblis Svilis gardacvalebis faqtTan dakavSirebiT iyo arasruli<br />

da mikerZoebuli, sasamarTlo saWirod ar miiCnevs, yuradReba SeaCeros<br />

sxva warmodgenil mtkicebulebebze.<br />

124

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angelova bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

146. sasamarTlo adgens, rom mopasuxe saxelmwifos mxridan adgili hqonda<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxlis pirveli paragrafis darRvevas b-ni zabCekovis<br />

sikvdilis faqtis araefeqturi gamoZiebis gamo.<br />

IV. konvenciis me-13 muxlis savaraudo darRvevis Taobaze<br />

158. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebs, rom, dacvis efeqturi SidasaSualebebis<br />

ararsebobis gamo, dairRva konvenciis me-13 muxli amave konvenciis me-2 da<br />

me-3 muxlebTan mimarTebiT. konvenciis me-13 muxlis Tanaxmad:<br />

`1. yvelas, visac daerRva am konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebi da<br />

Tavisuflebebi, warmoeSoba efeqturi saSualebis miRebis ufleba erovnuli<br />

xelisuflebis winaSe, imisda miuxedavad, es darRveva Cadenili iqna Tu ara<br />

im pirebis mier, romlebic moqmedeben oficialuri uflebamosilebiT.~<br />

159. ganmcxadebeli uTiTebs ra mis saCivrebs konvenciis me-2 da me-3<br />

muxlebTan dakavSirebiT, acxadebs, rom Catarebuli gamoZieba ar iyo<br />

efeqturi. man daamata, rom Sesabamisi periodis ganmavlobaSi saerTod ar<br />

arsebobda gamoZiebis Sewyvetis Taobaze prokuroris gadawyvetilebis<br />

gasaCivrebis SesaZlebloba.<br />

160. mopasuxe mTavroba ganmcxadeblis konvenciis me-2 da me-3 muxlebis<br />

Sesabamisi saCivrebis miTiTebiT acxadebs, rom am ukanasknels SeeZlo,<br />

sagamoZiebo moqmedebaSi CarTuliyo, rogorc kerZo bralmdebeli an<br />

samoqalaqo mosarCele.<br />

161. konvenciis me-13 muxli uzrunvelyofs erovnul doneze iseTi<br />

saSualebebis arsebobas, romlebic arsobrivad daicaven konvenciiT<br />

uzrunvelyofil uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs, ra formiTac ar unda<br />

iyos isini inkorporirebuli erovnul samarTalSi. konvenciis me-13<br />

muxli iTxovs iseTi saSualebebis arsebobas, romliTac SesaZlebeli<br />

iqneba, konvenciis TvalsazrisiT, `safuZvliani saCivris~ Sinaarsobrivi<br />

ganxilva da saTanado zomebis gatareba. amasTan, maRal xelSemkvrel<br />

saxelmwifoebs eZlevaT garkveuli diskrecia dacvis saSualebebis formis<br />

gansazRvrasTan dakavSirebiT. me-13 muxliT dadgenili valdebulebebi<br />

damokidebulia konvenciis Tanaxmad warmodgenili saCivris bunebaze.<br />

miuxedavad amisa, dacvis saSualeba unda iyo `efeqturi~ misi me-13 muxlTan<br />

SesabamisobisaTvis.<br />

maSin, rodesac dayenebulia konvenciiT uzrunvelyofili erTi an<br />

ramdenime muxlis darRvevis sakiTxi, unda arsebobdes Sesabamisi meqanizmi,<br />

romelic daadgens darRvevaSi monawile saxelmwifo warmomadgenlis<br />

an warmomadgenlebis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxs. ufro metic, Sesabamis<br />

SemTxvevebSi, xelmisawvdomi unda iyos kompensacia darRveviT gamowveuli<br />

moraluri Tu materialuri zianisaTvis, rogorc uflebrivi aRdgenis<br />

procesis erT-erTi nawili (ix. Ti. pi. da qei. em. gaerTianebuli samefos<br />

winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 28945/95, §107, ECHR 2001-V).<br />

saeWvo gardacvalebis saqmeebSi, sicocxlis uflebis fundamenturi<br />

mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT, me-13 muxli, kompensaciis gadaxdis garda,<br />

damatebiT iTxovs sruli da efeqturi gamoZiebis Catarebas, romelsac<br />

SeeZleba damnaSaveTa gamoaSkaraveba da maTi dasja, rac sagamoZiebo<br />

procesSi mosarCelis aqtiur CarTvas gulisxmobs (ix. kaia, zemoT<br />

125

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

citirebuli, gv. 330, § 107; ergi. gv. 1782, § 98; salman, zemoT citirebuli, §<br />

123; da velikova, zemoT cit. § 89).<br />

162. sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom ganmcxadebels hqonda safuZvliani<br />

moTxovna, konvenciis me-2 da me-3 muxlebis Sesabamisad, misi Svilis<br />

sikvdilisa da mis mimarT araadamianuri mopyrobis faqtebis gamo. amitom,<br />

konvenciis me-13 muxlis miznebisaTvis, mas unda hqonoda SesaZlebloba,<br />

gamoeyenebina efeqturi Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebi, Tumca _ iseve,<br />

rogorc zemoT citirebul velikovas saqmeSi _ gamoZieba iyo arasruli<br />

da mikerZoebuli (ix. paragrafebi 144-146). rac Seexeba sxva saSualebebs,<br />

mTavrobis mtkicebis miuxedavad, isini ar iyo efeqturi (ganmcxadebels ar<br />

mieca SesaZlebloba, CarTuliyo saqmeSi, rogorc samoqalaqo mosarCele).<br />

gamomdinare aqedan, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom mTavrobam ver Seasrula<br />

me-13 muxliT masze dakisrebuli valdebulebebi.<br />

Sesabamisad, adgili hqonda am muxlis darRvevas.<br />

V. konvenciis me-14 muxlis savaraudo darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT<br />

163. mosarCelem daayena konvenciis me-14 muxlis darRvevis sakiTxi amave<br />

konvenciis me-2, me-3 da me-13 muxlebTan mimarTebiT, vinaidan, misi azriT,<br />

misi Svilis eTnikurma - boSa - warmomavlobam gamoiwvia gansxvavebuli<br />

mopyroba.<br />

konvenciis me-14 muxlis Tanaxmad:<br />

am konvenciaSi mocemuli uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis gamoyeneba<br />

uzrunvelyofili iqneba yvelasTvis, nebismier safuZvelze diskriminaciis<br />

gareSe, rogoricaa sqesi, rasa, kanis feri, ena, religia an sxvagvari<br />

azri, erovnuli Tu socialuri warmomavloba, gaerTianeba erovnul<br />

umciresobasTan, qoneba, dabadeba da sxva statusi.<br />

164. ganmcxadeblis TqmiT, zogierTma policielma Tavi ver Seikava, b-ni<br />

zabCekovi, Tundac oficialur gancxadebebSi, ar moexsenebina, rogorc<br />

`boSa~. igi miiCnevs, rom misi Svilis warmomavlobaze xazgasma unda<br />

Sefasdes sistematuri rasizmis gamovlenad am cnebis farTo gagebiT,<br />

rac araerTxel aRiniSna bulgareTis samarTaldamcav organoebTan<br />

mimarTebiT. es damokidebuleba araerTxel aRiwera mTavrobaTaSorisi Tu<br />

adamianis uflebaTa dacvis organizaciebis mier.<br />

165. mTavrobam ganacxada, rom saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa mxridan<br />

adgili ar hqonia rasobrivi motivebiT qmedebebs. is, rom b-ni zabCekovi<br />

oficialur gancxadebebSi moxseniebulia, rogorc `boSa~ ar warmoadgens<br />

msgavs mtkicebulebas.<br />

166. sasamarTlo kvlav imeorebs, rom `gonivruli eWvis miRma~ mtkicebis<br />

standartis dasacavad warmodgenili unda iqnes sakmarisad Zlieri, naTeli<br />

da Tanmimdevruli daskvnaTa erToblioba an faqtobrivi prezumfciebi,<br />

romelTa sawinaaRmdegos damtkiceba ar xerxdeba (ix. zemoT citirebuli<br />

111-e paragrafi da masSi miTiTebuli saqmeebi).<br />

sasamarTlom unda Seafasos ganmcxadeblis mier moyvanili yvela faqti, maT<br />

Soris is daskvnebi, romlebic gamomdinareoben zogadi informaciidan da<br />

romlebic, ganmcxadeblis azriT, mianiSneben diskriminaciuli mopyrobis<br />

faqtze.<br />

126

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angelova bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

167. sasamarTlo ixsenebs, rom velikovas saqmeSi (94-e paragrafi) man<br />

ganixila msgavsi faqtebi da daadgina:<br />

`sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom ganmcxadeblis saCivari, me-14 muxlis<br />

darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT, efuZneba ramdenime seriozul arguments _<br />

mopasuxe mTavrobam ver SeZlo, sasamarTlosTvis miewodebina sarwmuno<br />

axsna-ganmarteba b-ni tsonCevis sikvdilis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT<br />

da, aseve, im mizezebze, Tu ratom ar miiRo gamoZiebam mTeli rigi zomebi,<br />

romelTa gamoyenebac naTels mohfenda saqmis viTarebas...<br />

sasamarTlo kvlav mimarTavs konvenciiT dadgenil standarts, rom<br />

mtkiceba unda iyos `gonivruli eWvis miRma~. Tumca, saqmeSi mocemuli<br />

masalebi ar aris sakmarisi, sasamarTlo darwmundes, rom b-ni tsonCevis<br />

mkvleloba da am faqtis arasrulfasovani gamoZieba gamowveuli iyo misi<br />

rasobrivi warmomavlobiT.<br />

Sesabamisad, is adgens, rom adgili ar hqonia konvenciis me-14 muxlis<br />

darRvevas.~<br />

168. sasamarTlo adgens, rom winamdebare saqmeSi mosarCelis braldeba<br />

emyareba seriozul argumentebs, Tumca, isini ver aRwevs sasamarTlos<br />

mier dadgenili mtkicebis standartis zRvars.<br />

Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo adgens, rom adgili ar hqonia konvenciis me-14<br />

muxlis darRvevas.<br />

VI. konvenciis 41-e muxlis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb<br />

169. konvenciis 41-e muxlis Tanaxmad:<br />

`Tu sasamarTlo daaskvnis, rom dairRva konvenciiT an misi oqmebiT<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli ufleba, xolo Sesabamisi maRali xelSemkvreli<br />

mxaris Sida samarTali darRvevis mxolod nawilobriv gamosworebis<br />

SesaZleblobas iZleva, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo dazaralebul<br />

mxares samarTlian dakmayofilebas miakuTvnebs~.<br />

a. zarali<br />

170. ganmcxadebelma moiTxova 19,050 evro moraluri zianisaTvis. 15,250<br />

evro im tkivilisaTvis, romelic man ganicada misi Svilis konvenciiT<br />

uzrunvelyofili uflebis darRvevis gamo da 3,800 evro im tkivilisaTvis,<br />

romelic ganicada misi Svilis araadamianuri mopyrobisa da sikvdilis<br />

faqtTan dakavSirebiT saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa araSesaferisi<br />

reaqciis gamo.<br />

172. ... konvenciis 41-e muxli ar iTxovs ganmcxadeblisagan adgilobrivi<br />

saSualebebis amowurvas samarTliani misageblis miRebis mizniT, Tu aman<br />

ver gamoiRo Sedegi aRniSnul moTxovnasTan dakavSirebuli arsebiTi<br />

nawilis gasaCivrebisas. am muxlis mniSvneloba _ sadac is exeba reparaciis<br />

SesaZleblobas adgilobriv doneze _ adgens wess, romelic ukavSirdeba<br />

arsebiTi darRvevebis Taobaze wardgenil saCivrebs samarTliani<br />

misageblis Taobaze (ix. De Wilde, Ooms and Versyp v. Belgium (muxli 50), 10 marti<br />

1972 w, seria A no. 14, gv. 8-9, § 16).<br />

127

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

amasTan dakavSirebiT sasamarTlo adgens, rom hipoTeturi SesaZlebloba,<br />

rom gamoZiebas SeuZlia, sikvdilidan mravali wlis mere daadginos<br />

ganmcxadeblis Svilis daRupvis faqti policiis ganyofilebaSi da es<br />

mxolod pirveli araefeqturi gamoZiebis Semdgom da rom amis Semdeg<br />

ganmcxadebels miecema SesaZlebloba, gamovides, rogorc samoqalaqo<br />

mosarCele, rac warmatebuli iqneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu axali<br />

gamoZieba miaRwevs axal Sedegebs, ar SeiZleba gonivrulad ganimartos<br />

rogorc restitutio in integrum adgilobrivi kanonmdeblobis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />

173. iziarebs ra mis gamocdilebas msgavs saqmeebSi (velikovas saqme,<br />

citirebuli zemoT) da iziarebs ra 17 wlis <strong>axalgazrda</strong> biWis daRupvis<br />

faqts, sasamarTlo srulad akmayofilebs mosarCelis moTxovnas moralur<br />

zianTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

konvenciis 45 § 2 muxlisa da sasamarTlos wesebis 74 § 2 wesis Sesabamisad,<br />

mosamarTle bonellos nawilobriv gansxvavebuli mosazreba mimagrebulia<br />

aRniSnuli gadawyvetilebis teqstTan.<br />

128

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3. gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komitetis cnoba<br />

#888/1999: ruseTis federacia<br />

29/04/2004<br />

CCPR/C/80/D/888/1999 (samarTali)<br />

cnoba No. 888/1999<br />

warmodgenilia: iulia vasilis asuli telestinas mier (warmoadgina<br />

saerTaSoriso dacvis daxmarebis centrma)<br />

savaraudo dazaralebuli: batoni vladimer nikolozis Ze telestini<br />

mxare saxelmwifo: ruseTis federacia<br />

cnobis miRebis TariRi: 1997 wlis 24 oqtomberi (Tavdapirveli wardgena)<br />

adamianis uflebaTa komiteti _ Seqmnili samoqalaqo da politikuri<br />

uflebebis paqtis 28-e muxlis safuZvelze<br />

2004 wlis 29 martis sxdomaze<br />

ajamebs mosazrebebs qalbaton iulia vasilis asuli telestinas mier<br />

misi vaJis _ vladimer nikolozis Ze telestinis saxeliT warmodgenil No.<br />

888/1999 cnobasTan dakavSirebiT, samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis<br />

saerTaSoriso paqtis fakultaturi oqmis safuZvelze<br />

iTvaliswinebs misTvis xelmisawvdom, avtoris da monawile saxelmwifos<br />

mier warmodgenil yvela werilobiT informacias,<br />

iRebs Semdeg mosazrebebs:<br />

mosazrebebi fakultaturi oqmis me-5 muxlis me-4 punqtTan<br />

mimarTebiT<br />

1. avtori _ q-ni iulia vasilis asuli telestina _ moqmedebs Tavisi<br />

vaJis, vladimer nikolozis Ze telestinis saxeliT, romelic daibada<br />

1959 wels, iyo ruseTis moqalaqe da gardaicvala 1994 wlis 13 Tebervals<br />

Sroma-gasworebis koloniaSi. avtori Civis, rom ruseTis federaciam<br />

daarRvia samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqtis<br />

me-6 muxlis 1-li punqti, me-7 muxli da me-10 muxlis 1-li punqti. avtoris<br />

warmomadgenelia saerTaSoriso dacvis daxmarebis centri.<br />

avtoris mier warmodgenili faqtebi<br />

2.1. 1994 wlis 13 Tebervals vladimer nikolozis Ze telestini gardaicvala<br />

Zaladobrivi qmedebebis Sedegad, rodesac igi sasjels ixdida Sromagasworebis<br />

No. 349/5 koloniaSi, qalaq niJni tagilSi (uralis regioni).<br />

2.2. avtori acxadebs, rom misi vaJi sastikad iyo nacemi, Tokze<br />

Camokidebuli da amgvarad datovebuli koloniis SenobaSi. igi ar<br />

eTanxmeba Sroma-gasworebis koloniis xelmZRvanelTa da niJni tagilis<br />

prokuraturis daskvnas, rom misma vaJma Tavi CamoixrCo. igi agreTve<br />

ambobs, rom am organoebma Segnebulad Sealamazes eqspertis daskvna misi<br />

129

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

vaJis mimarT ganxorcielebuli Zaladobrivi aqtis Sesaxeb. is acxadebs,<br />

rom dakrZalvisas piradad naxa, Tu rogor iyo dasaxiCrebuli misi vaJis<br />

sxeuli – gatexili hqonda cxviri, nikapis marjvena mxares amoglejili<br />

hqonda rbili qsovili, dasiebuli hqonda marjvena warbi, sisxli mosdioda<br />

marjvena yuridan, gadaglejili hqonda marjvena xelisguli da muqi<br />

mewamuli feri edo, amasTan, dazianebuli hqonda xerxemali, zurgi da<br />

gardacvlils ar hqonda ena. avtorma warmoadgina peticia, romelsac xels<br />

awerda 11 adamiani, romlebic dakrZalvas daeswrnen da adasturebdnen,<br />

rom gardacvlilis gvami swored iseT mdgomareobaSi iyo, rogorc zemoTaa<br />

aRwerili.<br />

2.3. avtorma niJni tagilis municipalur prokuraturas misi vaJis<br />

gardacvalebis saqmis gamoZieba mosTxova. 1994 wlis 13 aprils<br />

prokuraturam avtors Seatyobina, rom ar arsebobda raime mtkicebuleba,<br />

romelic gaamyarebda mis saCivrebs imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom misi<br />

vaJi Zaladobrivi aqtis Sedegad daiRupa, da rom, aqedan gamomdinare,<br />

prokuraturam gadawyvita, ar daewyo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna.<br />

avtorma am gadawyvetilebasTan dakavSirebiT samjer Seitana sarCeli<br />

(1994 wlis 26 aprils; 1994 wlis 20 ivniss da 1994 wlis 1 agvistos), magram<br />

es sarCelebi sverdlovskis regionulma prokuraturam ar daakmayofila<br />

Tavisi gadawyvetilebebis safuZvelze, romlebic, Sesabamisad, miiRo 1994<br />

wlis 25 maiss, 1994 wlis 30 ivniss da 1994 wlis 31 agvistos.<br />

2.4. avtorma agreTve moiTxova, moexdinaT gvamis eqshumacia meore<br />

eqspertizis mizniT, rameTu, qalbaton telestinas gancxadebiT, pirveli<br />

eqspertizis daskvnaSi miTiTebuli ar iyo gvamze arsebuli dazianebebis<br />

Sesaxeb. 1994 wlis 27 oqtombers niJni tagilis prokuraturam avtors<br />

acnoba, rom ruseTis federaciis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 180-e<br />

muxlis Sesabamisad, eqshumacia sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebas<br />

eqvemdebareba. prokuraturis gancxadebiT, avtoris moTxovna ver<br />

dakmayofildeboda, radgan im droisaTvis niJni tagilis prokuraturis<br />

1994 wlis 13 aprilis dadgenilebas, qalbaton telestinas saCivris<br />

safuZvelze, ruseTis federaciis generaluri prokuratura ixilavda.<br />

2.5. 1994 wlis 11 oqtombers ruseTis federaciis generalurma prokurorma<br />

gaauqma dadgenileba devnis ardawyebis Taobaze imis safuZvelze, rom b-n<br />

telestinis gardacvalebis saqme srulad ar iyo Seswavlili. man agreTve<br />

gasca gankarguleba, rom saqmesTan dakavSirebuli yvela mtkicebuleba<br />

gadaegzavnaT sverdlovskis regionuli prokuraturisaTvis, raTa iq<br />

damatebiTi gamokvleva CaetarebinaT.<br />

2.6. 1994 wlis 14 noembers, am eqspertizis dasrulebis Semdeg, sverdlovskis<br />

prokuraturam gadawyvita, ar daewyo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna da,<br />

aqedan gamomdinare, ar moexdina gardacvlilis gvamis eqshumacia. 1995<br />

wlis 7 agvistos da 1995 wlis 10 noembers sverdlovskis prokuraturam<br />

q-n telestinas acnoba, rom misi vaJis gardacvalebis mizezi iyo<br />

TviTmkvleloba, rac gamoiwvia `fsiqikuri xasiaTis gadaxram~ da rom<br />

gvamze ver ipoves dazianebebi, romlebzec avtori miuTiTebda.<br />

2.7. avtoris Semdgom saCivrebze, romelic man 1995 wlis 21 seqtembers<br />

da 1996 wlis 27 Tebervals Seitana, ruseTis federaciis generalurma<br />

prokurorma upasuxa, rom Catarda srulyofili gamoZieba misi vaJis<br />

gardacvalebis garemoebebis dasadgenad, gardacvlilis sxeulze xiluli<br />

dazianebebis arseboba uaryofilia samedicino eqspertizis moxsenebasa<br />

130

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gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komitetis cnoba #888/1999: ruseTis federacia<br />

da cixis TanamSromelTa da patimarTa CvenebebSi, da rom sikvdilis mizezi<br />

TviTmkvleloba gaxda.<br />

2.8. avtoris TqmiT, Catarebuli gamokvleva iyo zedapiruli, radgan ar<br />

momxdara gvamis eqshumacia; amrigad, xelisuflebis mier SemoTavazebuli<br />

TviTmkvlelobis Teoria usafuZvlo iyo.<br />

saCivari<br />

3.1. avtori amtkicebs, rom zemoaRniSnuli faqtebi avlenen ruseTis<br />

federaciis mxridan samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis saerTaSoriso<br />

paqtis me-6 muxlis 1-li punqtis, me-7 muxlis da me-10 muxlis 1-li punqtis<br />

darRvevas.<br />

3.2. avtori agreTve amtkicebs, rom man, rogorc zemoTaa axsnili, amowura<br />

dacvis yvela saSualeba misi vaJis gardacvalebis da saTanado eqspertizis<br />

daskvnis miRebis saqmeze sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dasawyebad.<br />

monawile saxelmwifos mosazrebebi<br />

4.1 2000 wlis 10 agvistos warmodgenil mosazrebebSi monawile saxelmwifo<br />

ganmartavs, rom ruseTis federaciis generalurma prokuraturam Caatara<br />

cnobasTan dakavSirebuli movlenebis mokvleva.<br />

4.2. mokvlevis masalebi uCvenebs, rom samedicino eqspertizis daskvnis<br />

Tanaxmad, b-ni telestinis sikvdili gamoiwvia meqanikurma gagudvam,<br />

rac misi kisris garSemo Semoxveuli maryuJis Sedegia. incidentis<br />

adgilisa da gardacvlilis sxeulis SemowmebiT, brZolis raime niSani<br />

ar dadasturda. mokvlevis Catarebisas, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac<br />

generaluri prokuratura saqmesTan dakavSirebul mtkicebulebebs<br />

swavlobda, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca gardacvlilis fotoebs,<br />

sadac agreTve ar aRiniSneboda fizikuri dazianebebis raime kvali. nikapis<br />

areSi zedapiruli dazianeba SesaZloa gamowveuli iyos basri sagniT -<br />

sikvdilamde an agoniis dros. am dazianebas ar aqvs raime Sedegobrivi<br />

kavSiri sikvdilis dadgomasTan. moxsenebis sagamoZiebo nawilSi samedicino<br />

eqsperti miuTiTebs, rom fornikaluri refluqsis Zvlebi an Tavis qalis<br />

fuZeze dazianebebi ar SeiniSneboda. monawile saxelmwifos miaCnia, rom am<br />

daskvnis eWvqveS dayenebis mizezi ar arsebobs.<br />

4.3. garda amisa, samedicino eqsperti miuTiTebs, rom incidentis<br />

adgilamde mimavali, Tovlze datovebuli nafexuris kvali erT adamians<br />

ekuTvnis. monawile saxelmwifos gancxadebis Sesabamisad, gardacvlils<br />

sxva patimrebTan an sapatimros muSakebTan konfliqti ar hqonia. amrigad,<br />

mokvlevam mxari dauWira daskvnas TviTmkvlelobasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

monawile saxelmwifo miuTiTebs, rom sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis<br />

dawyebis moTxovna uaryofil iqna danaSaulis niSnebis (corpus delicti)<br />

ararsebobis safuZvelze da rom am gadawyvetilebas daeTanxma ruseTis<br />

federaciis generaluri prokuratura.<br />

131

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

avtoris komentarebi monawile saxelmwifos mier warmodgenil<br />

mosazrebebze<br />

5.1. 2002 wlis 25 oqtombers gakeTebul komentarebSi avtori ambobs, rom<br />

monawile saxelmwifom yurad ar iRo misi gancxadebebi (romelic arc<br />

uaruyviaT da arc daudasturebiaT) imis Taobaze, rom misi Svilis sxeulze<br />

aRiniSneboda mravali Wriloba, rogorc es 11-ma mowmem daadastura<br />

dakrZalvis dRes (ix. punqti 2.2). avtors ainteresebs – miuTiTebs Tu ara<br />

gvamis eqshumaciasa da fotoebis gamokvlevis Catarebaze uari im faqtze,<br />

rom generaluri prokuratura misi Svilis mkvlelobas malavs. igi dasZens,<br />

rom xelisuflebas ar aqvs incidentis adgilis foto da, aseve, misi<br />

Svilis foto CamoxrCobil mdgomareobaSi, sadac igi sisxlSi amosvrili<br />

da dasaxiCrebuli iqneboda gamosaxuli. amis nacvlad, arsebobs mxolod<br />

fanqriT gakeTebuli arazusti Canaxati. da bolos, igi acxadebs, rom misi<br />

vaJis saqmeSi aris viRacis fotosuraTi, romlis saxec ar aris vladimer<br />

telestinis.<br />

5.2. 2001 wlis 6 ivliss gakeTebul komentarSi avtori kidev erTxel uaryofs<br />

TviTmkvlelobis Teorias da acxadebs, rom misi vaJi Sroma-gasworebis<br />

koloniis mcvelebma mokles. igi agreTve ambobs, rom zemoaRniSnuli<br />

fotoebi aris montaJi, romelic mis mier saCivrebis wardgenis Semdeg<br />

gakeTda, vinaidan isini dazianebas uCveneben nikapis marcxena mxares maSin,<br />

roca es dazianeba gardacvlils marjvena mxares hqonda, rogorc es zemoT<br />

iyo aRwerili da dadasturebuli mowmeebis mier. avtori kvlav imeorebs<br />

moTxovnas fotoebis analizis CatarebasTan dakavSirebiT. dabolos,<br />

qalbatoni telestina acxadebs, rom mas ufleba ar misces, waekiTxa<br />

samedicino eqspertis daskvna.<br />

sakiTxebi da saqmiswarmoeba komitetis winaSe<br />

6.1. cnobaSi mocemuli nebismieri saCivris dawyebamde adamianis uflebaTa<br />

komiteti, proceduruli wesebis 87-e wesis Sesabamisad, valdebulia,<br />

gadawyvitos, aris Tu ara dasaSvebi cnoba paqtis fakultaturi oqmis<br />

safuZvelze.<br />

6.2. komiteti aRniSnavs, rom monawile saxelmwifos raime protesti, cnobis<br />

daSvebadobasa da avtoris mier Sidasaxelmwifo dacvis saSualebebis<br />

amowurvasTan dakavSirebiT, ar gamouTqvams.<br />

6.3. komitets agreTve miaCnia, rom avtoris saCivari, rom mis mier<br />

aRwerili movlenebi Seicavs paqtis me-6 muxlis 1-li punqtis, me-7 muxlis<br />

da me-10 muxlis 1-li punqtis darRvevas, sakmarisad aris dasabuTebuli<br />

daSvebadobis miznebisaTvis da igi imsaxurebs arsebiT ganxilvas.<br />

arsebiTi ganxilva<br />

7.1. adamianis uflebaTa komitetma winamdebare cnoba ganixila mxareebis<br />

mier misTvis miwodebuli informaciis safuZvelze, fakultaturi oqmis<br />

me-5 muxlis 1-li punqtis Sesabamisad.<br />

7.2. komitetma gamoikvlia b-ni telestinis sikvdilis saqmeze rogorc<br />

avtoris, ise monawile saxelmwifos mier warmodgenili informacia.<br />

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gaeros adamianis uflebaTa komitetis cnoba #888/1999: ruseTis federacia<br />

7.3. igi aRniSnavs, rom monawile saxelmwifo, samedicino eqspertizis<br />

mier gakeTebuli daskvnis, incidentis adgilis Seswavlis, gardacvlili<br />

piris fotoebis gamokvlevis da cixis TanamSromlebisa da patimrebis<br />

Cvenebebis safuZvelze, mxars uWers TviTmkvlelobis Teorias. igi<br />

agreTve mxedvelobaSi iRebs avtoris argumentebs, romelic uaryofs<br />

gardacvalebis faqtis TviTmkvlelobiT axsnas, kerZod, incidentis<br />

adgilis fotoebis ararsebobas da misi vaJis TviTmkvlelobas CamoxrCobiT,<br />

agreTve xelisuflebis organoebis mier fotoebis Seqmnas, romlebsac q-ni<br />

telestina montaJad miiCnevs.<br />

7.4. komitets miaCnia, rom monawile saxelmwifom pasuxi ar gasca avtoris<br />

mier cnobaSi wamoWril yvela arguments. kerZod, monawile saxelmwifos<br />

komentari ar gaukeTebia 11 mowmis Cvenebaze, romlebic b-ni telestinis<br />

dakrZalvas eswrebodnen (punqti 2.2.). avtoris mier misi Svilis sxeulis<br />

dazianebebTan dakavSirebiT gakeTebuli gancxadebebis miuxedavad,<br />

monawile saxelmwifos ar warmoudgenia raime dokumenti misi daskvnis<br />

gasamyareblad, rom gardacvlilis fotoze raime fizikuri Zaladobis<br />

kvali ar SeiniSneboda, garda nikapze arsebuli naWdevisa (punqti 4.2.). da<br />

bolos, komiteti iTvaliswinebs avtoris saCivars imasTan dakavSirebiT,<br />

rom mas ar misces samedicino daskvnis wakiTxvis ufleba da uari uTxres<br />

gvamis eqshumaciaze.<br />

7.5. komiteti wuxiliT aRniSnavs, rom monawile saxelmwifom ar upasuxa<br />

da ar ganmarta avtoris mier wamoWrili yvela argumenti. komitets,<br />

mtkicebis tvirTTan dakavSirebiT, misi samarTalwarmoebis Sesabamisad,<br />

miaCnia, rom mtkicebis tvirTi ar SeiZleba daawves mxolod cnobis<br />

avtors, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac avtors da monawile saxelmwifos<br />

Tanabari xelmisawvdomoba ar aqvT mtkicebulebebze da rodesac saTanado<br />

informacias xSirad mxolod monawile saxelmwifo flobs, rogoricaa<br />

samedicino daskvna winamdebare saqmeSi.<br />

7.6. Sesabamisad, komiteti sxvagvarad ver moiqceva, Tu ara, saTanado wona<br />

mianiWos avtoris argumentebs misi Svilis sxeulTan mimarTebiT, ramac<br />

kiTxvebi warmoSva mis sikvdilTan dakavSirebiT. komiteti aRniSnavs,<br />

rom xelisuflebis organoebs ar CautarebiaT saTanado gamoZieba b-ni<br />

telestinis gardacvalebis garemoebebze, rac paqtis me-6 muxlis 1-li<br />

punqtis darRvevas warmoadgens.<br />

7.7. paqtis me-6 muxlis 1-li punqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, komiteti adgens,<br />

rom adgili hqonda paqtis me-7 muxlis, agreTve, me-10 muxlis 1-li punqtis<br />

debulebebis darRvevas.<br />

8. adamianis uflebaTa komiteti, moqmedebs ra samoqalaqo da politikuri<br />

uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqtis fakultaturi oqmis me-5 muxlis me-4<br />

punqtis safuZvelze, adgens, rom monawile saxelmwifom daarRvia paqtis<br />

me-6 muxlis 1-li punqti, me-7 muxli da me-10 muxlis 1-li punqti.<br />

9. paqtis me-2 muxlis me-3(a) punqtis Sesabamisad, komitets miaCnia,<br />

rom avtors, romelmac vaJi dakarga, ufleba aqvs efeqturi dacvis<br />

saSualebaze. komiteti sTxovs monawile saxelmwifos, ganaxorcielos<br />

efeqturi zomebi: (a) Caataros saTanado, sruli da gamWvirvale mokvleva<br />

batoni vladimer nikolozis Ze telestinis sikvdilis garemoebebis<br />

dasadgenad da (b) uzrunvelyos avtori saTanado kompensaciiT. garda amisa,<br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

monawile saxelmwifos ekisreba valdebuleba, efeqturi RonisZiebebi<br />

ganaxorcielos momavalSi msgavsi darRvevebis Tavidan asacileblad.<br />

10. komiteti miuTiTebs, rom fakultatur oqmze mierTebiT ruseTis<br />

federaciam aRiara komitetis kompetencia, daadginos, hqonda Tu ara<br />

adgili paqtis darRvevas; paqtis me-2 muxlis safuZvelze, monawile<br />

saxelmwifo valdebulebas kisrulobs, uzrunvelyos mis teritoriaze<br />

misi iurisdiqciis qveS myofi yvela individisaTvis paqtiT aRiarebuli<br />

uflebebi da efeqturi da qmediTi dacvis saSualebebi, rodesac adgili<br />

aqvs darRvevas. Sesabamisad, komitets surs, am mosazrebebis gadacemidan<br />

90 dRis vadaSi, monawile saxelmwifosagan miiRos informacia komitetis<br />

daskvnebTan dakavSirebiT gatarebuli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb. monawile<br />

saxelmwifos agreTve sTxoven, gamoaqveynos komitetis winamdebare<br />

mosazrebebi.<br />

_______________________________<br />

[miRebulia inglisur, frangul da espanur enebze; franguli teqsti aris<br />

originaluri versia. SemdgomSi gamoices agreTve arabul, Cinur da rusul<br />

enebze, rogorc komitetis yovelwliuri angariSis nawili generaluri<br />

asambleisaTvis]<br />

* winamdebare cnobis gamokvlevaSi monawileobdnen komitetis Semdegi<br />

wevrebi: b-ni abdelfata amori, b-ni nusike ando, b-ni prafulaCandra<br />

natvaral bhagvati, b-ni alfredo kastilero hoiosi, q-ni qristine Caneti,<br />

b-ni franko depaskuale, b-ni moris glele ahanhanzo, b-ni volter kalini,<br />

b-ni ahmed tavfuk xalili, b-ni rafael rivas posanda, ser nigel rodli,<br />

b-ni martin Senini, b-ni ivan Seareri, b-ni hipolito solari irigoieni, b-ni<br />

roman veruJevski da b-ni maqsvel ialdeni..<br />

134

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IV<br />

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli<br />

sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba<br />

piris gauCinarebis SemTxvevaSi<br />

sicocxlis uflebasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT:<br />

timurtaSi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

(ganacxadi no. 23531/94)<br />

gadawyvetileba<br />

strasburgi<br />

2000 wlis 13 ivnisi<br />

procedura<br />

1. ganacxadi Semovida adamianis uflebaTa komisiaSi (`komisia~) 1999 wlis<br />

8 marts adamianis uflebaTa da fundamentur TavisuflebaTa konvenciis<br />

(`konvencia~) 32 §, 1-li da 47-e muxlebis safuZvelze. saqme ki daiwyo<br />

ganacxadiT (no. 23531/94) TurqeTis respublikis winaaRmdeg, romelic<br />

1994 wlis 9 Tebervals Semoitana TurqeTis moqalaqe mehmed timurtaSma<br />

konvenciis Zveli redaqciis 25-e muxlis safuZvelze.<br />

saqmis faqtobrivi mxare<br />

(araoficialuri Semoklebuli versia)<br />

ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom misi vaJi, abdulvahap timurtaSi, daakaves<br />

silopis raionis centraluri Jandarmeriis samxedro pirebma siriel<br />

megobarTan erTad. amis Semdeg ganmcxadebelma sxvadasxva araoficialuri<br />

wyarodan Seityo rom misi Svili gadayvanili iqna Sirnakis sapatimroSi,<br />

sadac cdilobdnen, misgan mieRoT aRiarebiTi Cveneba. mTavroba uaryofda<br />

faqts, rom abdulvahap timurtaSi dakavebul iqna xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenlebis mier da rom is imyofeboda patimrobaSi garkveuli<br />

periodis ganmavlobaSi.<br />

am gaurkvevlobis gamo, komisiam ganaxorciela sakuTari Zieba konvenciis<br />

Zveli redaqciis 28-e muxlis safuZvelze. komisiam Seamowma orive<br />

mxaris mier warmodgenili dokumentebi da komisiis samma delegatma<br />

ankaraSi moismina mowmeTa Cvenebebi. saxelmwifom ver uzrunvelyo,<br />

komisiis delegatebis winaSe waredgina nimet nasi da sadik erdogani,<br />

romlebic komisiis mier warmoebuli gamoZiebis dros diarbakiris cixeSi<br />

imyofebodnen. am pirebma, ganmcxadeblis mtkicebiT, misi vaJi cocxali<br />

naxes sirnakis sapyrobileSi. komisias agreTve ar warudgines ezenlis<br />

da ieniqois muhtarebi, romlebmac, ganmcxadeblis informaciiT, naxes<br />

dapatimrebuli abdulvahap timurtaSi.<br />

ganmcxadeblis warmomadgenlebma komisiis delegatebs warudgines<br />

dokumenti, romelic, maTi mtkicebiT, iyo dakavebis operaciis angariSis<br />

fotoasli; es angariSi Sedgenili iyo silopis raionis Jandarmeriis<br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

xelmZRvanelis husam durmuSis mier, daTariRebuli iyo 1993 wlis 14<br />

agvistoTi da aRwerda abdulvahap timurtaSis da misi sirieli megobris<br />

dakavebas ienikois soflis maxloblad.<br />

ganmcxadeblis warmomadgenelTa mtkicebiT dokumenti warmoadgenda<br />

sizres prokuraturaSi arsebuli dednis asls, romelic Semdeg<br />

amoRebul iqna masalebidan. saxelmwifos mier warmodgenili cixeebisa<br />

da sapyrobileebis saaRricxvo JurnalebSi abdulvahap timurtaSi arsad<br />

iyo naxsenebi. am Jurnalebis aslebSi aRmoCenili iqna bevri anomalia da<br />

uzustoba. samxreT-aRmosavleT TurqeTSi ganviTarebul movlenebTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, manamdec iqna aRmoCenili uzustobebi Tavisuflebis<br />

aRkveTis adgilebis saaRricxvo JurnalebSi. amis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

komisiam daaskvna: Jurnalebis aslebi ar gamodgeboda imis uarsayofad,<br />

rom abdulvahap timurtaSi dakavebuli iqna.<br />

ramdenadac warmodgenili mtkicebulebebi, garkveulwilad, adasturebda<br />

ganmcxadeblis Cvenebas da warmodgenili fotoasli unda yofiliyo<br />

avTenturad miCneuli, komisiam gadawyvita, rom abdulvahap timurtaSi<br />

namdvilad iqna dakavebuli ienikois soflis maxloblad 1993 wlis 14<br />

agvistos silopis raionis Jandarmeriis mier.<br />

sasamarTlosadmi wardgenili saboloo dasabuTeba<br />

60. mosarCelem sasamarTlos Tavis argumentaciaSi sTxova, daedgina<br />

konvenciis me-2, me-5, me-13 da me-18 muxlebis darRveva misi Svilis<br />

`gauCinarebis~ faqtis gamo da me-3 muxlis darRveva misi, rogorc<br />

msxverplis mimarT. ganmcxadebeli aseve amtkicebda, rom mTavrobam ver<br />

Seasrula masze konvenciis Zveli redaqciis 25-e da 28-e § 1 (a) muxlebiT<br />

dakisrebuli valdebulebebi da sasamarTlos sTxova, konvenciis<br />

41-e muxlis safuZvelze, Tavis sasargeblod daakisros samarTliani<br />

dakmayofileba.<br />

61. mopasuxe mTavrobam, Tavis mxriv, mis mier warmodgenil argumentaciaSi<br />

ganacxada, rom ganmcxadebelma ver moaxerxa misi braldebebis arsebiTi<br />

mtkicebulebebiT ganmtkiceba. maT aRniSnes, rom ganacxadis mizani<br />

iyo uSiSroebis im samsaxurebis diskreditacia, romlebic ibrZodnen<br />

separatistul-teroristuli Zaladobis winaaRmdeg.<br />

kanoni<br />

I. saqmis farglebi<br />

62. komisiisadmi wardgenil saCivarSi ganmcxadebelma inter alia daayena misi<br />

Svilis mimarT konvenciis me-3 da me-14 muxlebis darRvevis sakiTxi amave<br />

konvenciis me-2, me-3 da me-5 muxlebTan erTobliobaSi. ganmcxadebelma<br />

aRniSnuli moTxovnebi ar waradgina sasamarTlos winaSe da am ukanasknelma<br />

mizanSewonilad ar miiCnia, emsjela xsenebul sakiTxebze sakuTari<br />

iniciativiT (ix. mutatis mutandis, TurqeTis gaerTianebuli komunisturi<br />

partia da sxvebi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 30 ianvris gadawyvetileba,<br />

angariSebi 1998 - I, gv. 28, § 62). Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo imsjelebs im<br />

braldebis sakiTxebze, romlebic warmodgenilia konvenciis me-2, me-3<br />

(ganmcxadebelTan dakavSirebiT), me-5, me-13, me-18 da 34-e muxlebTan<br />

mimarTebiT.<br />

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timurTaSi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

II. faqtebis Sefaseba sasamarTlos mier<br />

64. winamdebare saqmeSi sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom komisiis daskvnebi<br />

saqmis faqtobriv garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT miRebulia ankaraSi<br />

Catarebuli mtkicebulebebis gamokvlevis proceduris Sedegad (ix. zemoT,<br />

punqtebi 14 da 39). is SeniSnavs _ ganmcxadeblis mtkiceba imis Taobaze,<br />

rom misi Svili da siriis moqalaqe dapatimrebulni iqnen 1993 wlis 14<br />

agvistos sofel ieniqoiSi, dasturdeba ganmcxadeblis mier komisiis<br />

warmomadgenlebisaTvis wardgenili mtkicebulebiT. (ix. zemoT, punqti<br />

28). vinaidan komisiis winaSe ar gamosula dapatimrebis faqtis arc erTi<br />

TviTmxilveli, sakiTxs, aris Tu ara ganmcxadeblis mier warmodgenili<br />

dokumenti dakavebis operaciis avTenturi angariSis fotoasli, Zalian<br />

didi mniSvneloba aqvs faqtebis dasadgenad da Sesafaseblad.<br />

65. komisiam daadgina, rom ganmcxadeblis mier warmodgenili dokumenti<br />

iyo dakavebis angariSis fotoasli (ix. zemoT, punqti 41). miuxedavad amisa,<br />

mTavrobam saeWvod miiCnia es dokumenti. TavianT argumentaciaSi mTavrobis<br />

warmomadgenlebi acxadebdnen, rom msgavsi dokumenti ar SeiZleboda<br />

moepovebinaT qalaq sizres prokuraturis ofisSi maSin, rodesac,<br />

ganmcxadeblis TqmiT, swored iq naxa dokumentis originali, romlidanac<br />

moxda aRniSnuli aslis fotokopireba. pirvel rigSi, dokumenti wmindad<br />

samxedro miznebisaTvis Seiqmna da, Tavisi bunebidan gamomdinare, ar<br />

unda gadagzavniliyo prokuraturaSi. meore, abdulvahad timurtaSis<br />

dakavebis Taobaze aranairi angariSi ar moipoveba sizres prokuraturaSi.<br />

metic, prokuraturis saqmis masalebSi Cakerebul mtkicebulebas unda<br />

hqonoda ara mxolod minaweri “dosyasına” (`am saqmisaTvis~), aramed sajaro<br />

bralmdeblis xelmowera, romelic aseve ar iyo aRniSnuli dokumentze.<br />

ufro metic, dokumentis avTenturoba ver dadgindeba fotoaslis<br />

meSveobiT. imisaTvis, rom dokumentis asls TurqeTSi hqondes iuridiuli<br />

Zala, aucilebelia, moxdes damowmeba, rom is dednis namdvili aslia.<br />

sadavo dokumenti ar iyo msgavsi wesiT damowmebuli. amasTan, SesaZlebelia<br />

kopirebuli dokumentis eleqtronuli an qimiuri manipulacia, xolo am<br />

manipulaciis kvalis dadgena SeuZlebelia. amis ilustrireba moaxdina kidec<br />

mTavrobis warmomadgenelma, romelmac saqmis mosmenisas, kompiuteris,<br />

qseroqsis manqanis da skaneris meSveobiT mciredi cvlilebebi Seitana<br />

dokumentebSi: minaweris _ “dosyasına” _ gverdis bolodan TavSi gadataniTa<br />

da sirieli dakavebulis saxelisa da gvaris sakuTriT CanacvlebiT.<br />

bolos, saregistracio nomeri, romelic miniWebuli hqonda dokuments,<br />

ekuTvnoda samxedro saidumloebis Semcveli dokumentebis serias da,<br />

Sesabamisad, am dokuments ver warudgendnen konvenciiT dafuZnebul<br />

organoebs [igulisxmeba evropis adamianis uflebaTa komisia].<br />

66. sasamarTlo, rogorc es komisiam gaakeTa, adgens, rom dokumenti unda<br />

gaxdes zedmiwevniT Seswavlis sagani, sanam miCneul iqneba originalTan<br />

srul SesabamisobaSi myof aslad, vinaidan, marTlac naTelia, rom<br />

Tanamedrove teqnologiur pirobebSi advilia dokumentis gayalbeba.<br />

amasTan, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom komisiis xelT arsebuli saSualebebi,<br />

romelTa meSveobiTac gamovlindeboda gayalbebis kvali, Tundac am<br />

gayalbebis gamovlena teqnikurad yofiliyo SesaZlebeli, iyo sagrZnoblad<br />

SezRuduli.<br />

137

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

sasamarTlo xazs usvams im garemoebebs, rom saqmeebze msjelobisas,<br />

sasamarTlo yovelTvis ar axdens affirmanti incumbit probation (is, vinc raimes<br />

saeWvos xdis, Tavad unda amtkicos simarTle) principebis mkacr gamoyenebas.<br />

uwin ganxilul saqmeebSi sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom Zveli redaqciiT 25-e<br />

muxlis (amJamad 34-e muxli) Tanaxmad, efeqturi individualuri ganacxadis<br />

meqanizmis efeqturi funqcionirebisTvis saxelmwifoebi valdebulni<br />

arian, uzrunvelyon efeqturi da aucilebeli pirobebi saqmis efeqturi<br />

ganxilvisaTvis (ix. magaliTisTvis, tarnikulu TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

[GC], no. 23763/94, § 70, ECHR 1999-IV). aRniSnuli ganuyofelia msgavsi saxis<br />

saqmeebisagan, sadac individualuri mosarCele brals sdebs saxelmwifos<br />

warmomadgenlebs misi konvenciiT garantirebuli uflebebis darRvevis<br />

gamo da, garkveul SemTxvevebSi, mxolod saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebs<br />

miuwvdebaT xeli garkveuli tipis dokumentebze, romelTac ZaluZT<br />

braldebis uaryofa an damtkiceba. saxelmwifos mxridan yovelgvari<br />

gonivruli axsnis gareSe uari, waradginos msgavsi informacia, ara marto<br />

cudad aisaxeba mis mier konvenciis 38 § 1 (a) (yofili 28 § 1 (a)) muxliT<br />

nakisr valdebulebebze, aramed, aseve, SeiZleba gaxdes ganmcxadeblis mier<br />

wamoyenebuli braldebebis safuZvlianad miCnevis mizezi. am mimarTebiT,<br />

sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom mtkicebulebaTa Sekrebis procesSi mxareTa<br />

saqcieli miiReba mxedvelobaSi (ix. irlandia gaerTianebuli samefos<br />

winaaRmdeg, 1978 wlis 18 ianvris gadawyvetileba, seria A no. 25, gv. 64-65,<br />

§ 161).<br />

67. swored zemoaRniSnuli miznisaTvis da winamdebare saqmis konkretuli<br />

garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom mopasuxe<br />

mTavrobas SeeZlo, daxmareboda komisias konvenciis 28 § 1 (a) muxlis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT da xelmisawvdomi gaexada namdvili dokumenti,<br />

romelic atarebda imave saregistracio nomers, romelic aRniSnuli iyo<br />

ganmcxadeblis mier wardgenil fotoaslze. mTavrobis mxridan dokumentis<br />

originalis warudgenloba im mizeziT, rom igi samxedro saidumloeba iyo,<br />

gamarTlebad ar gamodgeba. sasamarTlos azriT, amas xeli ar unda SeeSala<br />

komisiisTvis dokumentis wardgenaSi, ramdenadac komisiis arc erTi<br />

wevri ar iyo Turqi da isini ori dokumentis mxolod garegnul Sedarebas<br />

moaxdendnen Sinaarsis gagebis gareSe. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo askvnis,<br />

rom saxelmwifos ar gaaCnia damakmayofilebeli ganmarteba dokumentis<br />

warudgenlobis gasamarTleblad.<br />

68. Semdeg sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom komisiam fotoaslis Sefasebisas<br />

agreTve gaiTvaliswina, ganmcxadeblis mtkicebiT, dokumentis avtoris<br />

husam durmuSis Cveneba, sadac man aRiara, rom xelmowera hgavda misas da<br />

dokumentis stili da formati Seesabameboda operaciis standartuli<br />

angariSis formats. zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare sasamarTlo eTanxmeba<br />

komisiis daskvnas, rom warmodgenili dokumenti operaciis avTenturi<br />

angariSis fotoaslia.<br />

69. sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom komisiam saWiro sifrTxiliT da detalurad<br />

Seafasa is faqtebi, romlebic amtkicebdnen momxdaris Sesaxeb<br />

ganmcxadeblis mier warmodgenil versias da, aseve, is elementebic,<br />

romlebic movlenebis miseul versiaSi daeWvebis safuZvels iZleva.<br />

amdenad, sasamarTlo iziarebs komisiis mier dadgenil faqtebs.<br />

72. sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom mopasuxe mTavrobas ar ganumartavs<br />

dokumenturi mtkicebulebebis da ramdenime mowmis warmoudgenloba.<br />

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timurTaSi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli procedurebis ganxorcielebisas, mopasuxe<br />

mTavrobis TanamSromlobis mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT, rogorc<br />

es zemoT aRiniSna (punqti 66), sasamarTlo dadasturebulad miiCnevs<br />

komisiis daskvnas, rom winamdebare saqmeSi mopasuxe mTavrobam ar Seasrula<br />

konvenciis 28 § 1 (a) muxliT nakisri valdebuleba, komisiisaTvis Seeqmna<br />

yvela piroba faqtebis dadgenis procesSi.<br />

sasamarTlo, iseve rogorc komisia, ver xedavs veranair safuZvels, rom<br />

husein durmuSis Cveneba moiTxovdes konvenciis Zveli redaqciis 28 § 1 (a)<br />

muxlis gamoyenebis aucileblobas.<br />

III. konvenciis me-2 muxlis savaraudo darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT<br />

73. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom misi Svili daiRupa faruli<br />

dapatimrebisas, ris gamoc, mopasuxe mTavrobam daarRvia konvenciis me-2<br />

muxliT nakisri valdebuleba, daecva misi Svilis sicocxlis ufleba.<br />

A. sasamarTlos winaSe wardgenili argumentebi<br />

1. ganmcxadebeli<br />

74. ganmcxadeblis azriT, is, rom dakavebis Semdeg sakuTari vaJis Sesaxeb<br />

araferi Seutyvia, es TavisTavad ar amtkicebs gonivruli eWvis gareSe<br />

abdulvahapis sikvdils. miuxedavad amisa, Tu abdulvahapis Sesaxeb<br />

informaciis ararseboba ar gaxdeboda misi gardacvlilad miCnevis<br />

safuZveli, amiT evropis adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlo waaxalisebda<br />

saxelmwifos mxridan axsna-ganmartebis warudgenlobis pozicias. amasTan,<br />

misi azriT, mxedvelobaSi unda mieRoT ara mxolod is konkretuli<br />

garemoebebi, romlebic Tan axlda misi Svilis gauCinarebas, aramed<br />

ufro vrceli konteqsti 1993 wels samxreT-aRmosavleT TurqeTSi<br />

mravalricxovani gauCinarebebisa.<br />

75. ganmcxadebeli, miuTiTa ra sasamarTlos ganmartebebze, romelic<br />

gakeTda saqmeze tomasi safrangeTis winaaRmdeg (1992 wlis 27 agvistos<br />

gadawyvetileba, seria A no. 241-A) da ribiCi avstriis winaaRmdeg (1995 wlis<br />

4 dekembris gadawyvetileba seria A no. 336), amtkicebda, rom analogiuri<br />

midgomis gamoyeneba daakisrebda saxelmwifos pozitiur valdebulebas,<br />

yofiliyo pasuxismgebeli Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi myof yovel<br />

pirze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saxelmwifo ver warmoadgens sarwmuno axsnas,<br />

Tu ratom ver moxda dakavebulis sicocxlis uzrunvelyofa, sasamarTlo<br />

miiCnevs, rom saxelmwifom ver Seasrula me-2 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

dakavebulis sicocxlis dacvis valdebuleba.<br />

76. bolos, ganmcxadeblis mtkicebiT, misi Svilis sikvdilTan dakavSirebiT<br />

gamoZieba imdenad araadekvaturi iyo, rom saxelmwifom daarRvia<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxliT garantirebuli sicocxlis uflebis dacvis<br />

proceduruli valdebulebebi.<br />

2. mTavroba<br />

77. mTavrobas am sakiTxze gansakuTrebuli yuradReba ar gaumaxvilebia,<br />

ganacxada ra, rom gamoZiebisas moipoves yvela xelmisawvdomi mtkicebuleba<br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

da es mtkicebulebebi ar amyarebda ganmcxadeblis braldebas misi Svilis<br />

dapatimrebasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

3. komisia<br />

78. komisiam umravlesobiT daadgina, rom arsebobda seriozuli albaToba<br />

imisa, rom abdulvahap timurtaSi daiRupa misi faruli dakavebis Sedegad.<br />

miuxedavad amisa, komisiam aRniSna, rom, konkretuli mtkicebulebebis<br />

ararsebobis pirobebSi, zemoxsenebuli albaToba ar iyo sakmarisi imisTvis,<br />

rom sakiTxi ganxiluliyo me-2 muxlis farglebSi.<br />

4. samarTlianobisa da saerTaSoriso samarTlis centri (CEJIL)<br />

79. werilobiT komentarebSi CEJIL-ma warmoadgina inter-amerikuli<br />

komisiisa da sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi iZulebiTi gauCinarebis<br />

saqmeebze, inter alia, sicocxlis uflebasTan kavSirSi.<br />

80. inter-amerikulma sasamarTlom araerTxel daadgina, rom iZulebiTi<br />

gauCinarebis saqmeebi, xSir SemTxvevaSi, moicavs sicocxlis uflebis<br />

darRvevas. inter-amerikul sistemaSi sicocxlis uflebis darRveva<br />

Zalismieri gauCinarebis dros SeiZleba damtkicdes Semdegi ori gziT:<br />

upirvelesad, Tu mocemuli saqmis garemoebebi Seesabameba gauCinarebebis<br />

zogad scenars, romlis drosac msxverpls, Cveulebriv, klaven; meore,<br />

sabediswero iZulebiTi gauCinarebis faqtebi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes<br />

individualurad, oficialuri gauCinarebebis Cveuli konteqstidan<br />

damoukideblad. orive meTodi gamoiyeneba imis dasadgenad, axorcielebda<br />

Tu ara saxelmwifo pirovnebis bedze kontrols; da Tu amas Tan erTvis<br />

xangrZlivi drois gasvla, es garemoebebi erTobliobaSi ganapirobebs<br />

daskvnas, rom adgili hqonda sicocxlis uflebis darRvevas.<br />

B. sasamarTlos Sefaseba<br />

1. unda CaiTvalos Tu ara abdulvahap timurtaSi gardacvlilad<br />

81. sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom man saqmis ganxilvis dasawyisSi sarwmunod<br />

miiCnia komisiis mier dadgenili faqtebi, kerZod is, rom abdulvahap<br />

timurtaSi dapatimrebuli iqna 1993 wlis 14 agvistos silopis Jandarmeriis<br />

TanamSromlebis mier, ris Semdegac is gadaiyvanes SirnakSi. eqvs welze meti<br />

gavida mas Semdeg, rac araferi gamxdara cnobili misi adgilmdebareobisa<br />

Tu bedis Sesaxeb. warmoiSoba kiTxva, daarRvia Tu ara, rogorc amas<br />

ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, mTavrobam pozitiuri valdebulebebi, daecva<br />

misi vaJis sicocxlis ufleba konvenciis me-2 muxlidan gamomdinare.<br />

82. rogorc sasamarTlom adre aRniSna, Tuki jansaR mdgomareobaSi myofi<br />

piri iqna dakavebuli, magram gaTavisuflebisas mas aRmoaCnda dazianebebi,<br />

saxelmwifo valdebulia, warmoadginos sarwmuno ganmarteba, Tu riTi<br />

iyo gamowveuli dazianebebi. am valdebulebasTan Seusabamoba iwvevs<br />

konvenciis me-3 muxlis amoqmedebas (ix. zemoT cit. tomasi safrangeTis<br />

winaaRmdeg, gv. 40-41, §§ 108-11; aseve, zemoT cit. ribiCi avstriis<br />

winaaRmdeg, gv. 25-26, § 34; da selmuni safrangeTis winaaRmdeg [GC], no.<br />

25803/94, § 87, ECHR 1999-V). amave formiT, konvenciis me-5 muxli akisrebs<br />

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timurTaSi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

saxelmwifos valdebulebas, hqondes informacia im dakavebuli piris<br />

adgilmdebareobis Sesaxeb, romelic dakavebis gamo xvdeba saxelmwifos<br />

kontrolis qveS (ix. kurtis gadawyvetileba, gv. 1186, § 124). saxelmwifos<br />

mxridan dakavebulis bed-iRbalTan dakavSirebiT sarwmuno ganmartebis<br />

warmoudgenlobis SemTxvevaSi da gvamis aRmouCenlobis pirobebSi<br />

me-2 muxlis gamoyeneba damokidebuli iqneba saqmis yvela garemoebaze,<br />

kerZod, sakmarisi mtkicebulebebis arsebobaze, romlebic damyarebulia<br />

konkretul elementebze, saidanac Sesabamis mtkicebis standartze<br />

dayrdnobiT SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom dakavebuli mkvdaria (ix. Cajiki<br />

TurqeTis winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 23657/94, § 85, ECHR 1999-IV; da ertaki<br />

TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, no. 20764/92, § 131, ECHR 2000-V).<br />

83. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, dro, romelic gavida piris dakavebis Semdeg,<br />

TavisTavad gadamwyveti ar aris, magram mxedvelobaSi misaRebia.<br />

Cveulebriv, miiCneva, rom rac meti dro gadis piris dakavebis Semdeg, ise,<br />

rom mis Sesaxeb araferia cnobili, ufro didia misi sikvdilis albaToba.<br />

drois gasvla, garkveulwilad, cvlis sxva mtkicebulebebis Rirebulebas<br />

daskvnis gasakeTeblad, rom piri gardacvlilad unda iqnes miCneuli.<br />

amasTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlo adgens, rom aRniSnuli pirobebi<br />

scdeba me-5 muxliT dadgenil farglebs. msgavsi ganmarteba mWidrodaa<br />

dakavSirebuli me-2 muxliT garantirebuli sicocxlis uflebis efeqtur<br />

dacvasTan, romelic konvenciis erT-erTi yvelaze fundamenturi<br />

debulebaa (ix. sxvaTa Soris, zemoT cit. Cakici TurqeTis winaaRmdeg § 86).<br />

84. ubrundeba ra sasamarTlo saqmis konkretul garemoebebs, mxedvelobaSi<br />

iRebs ganmcxadeblis mier gakeTebul gancxadebebs, romlebic komisiis<br />

warmomadgenlebma miiCnies sarwmunod da safuZvlianad. ganmcxadeblis<br />

mtkicebiT, is Tavidan iRebda garkveul informacias misi Svilis Sesaxeb<br />

misi naTesavis bahatin aktukisagan. Tumca, abdulvahapis dapatimrebidan<br />

45 dRis Semdeg bahatin aktugs aekrZala raime informaciis moZieba (ix.<br />

zemoT punqti 19). ganmcxadeblis mier informaciis oficialuri moTxovna<br />

ar dakmayofilda. aqedan gamomdinare da dakavebis angariSis ararsebobis<br />

faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom adgili hqonda<br />

abdulvahap timurtaSis dakavebis miCqmalvis mcdelobas.<br />

85. arsebobs aseve sxva elementebic, romlebic ganasxvaveben winamdebare<br />

saqmes kurtis saqmisagan, romelSic sasamarTlom daadgina, rom ar<br />

arsebobda sarwmuno mtkicebulebebi ganmcxadeblis Svilis patimrobaSi<br />

gardacvalebasTan dakavSirebiT (cit. gv. 1182, § 108). upirvelesad,<br />

eqvs weliwadnaxevari gavida abdulvahap timurtaSis dakavebisa da<br />

dapatimrebidan, rac mniSvnelovnad ufro xangrZlivi droa, vidre oTx<br />

weliwadnaxevari, ramdenic kurtis saqmeSi iyo gasuli ganmcxadeblis<br />

Svilis dakavebidan sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde.<br />

ufro metic, maSin, roca iuzeit kurti bolos naxes samxedro pirebiT<br />

garemocul mis sofelSi, winamdebare saqmeSi dadgenilia, rom abdulvahap<br />

timurtaSi Tavdapirvelad waiyvanes silopis sapyrobileSi, Semdeg ki,<br />

saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebma gadaiyvanes SirnakSi. bolos, kurtis<br />

saqmis masalebSi mcire odenobiT faqtebi moipoveboda varaudisTvis, rom<br />

iuzeir kurti xelisuflebisTvis saeWvo subieqts warmoadgenda maSin,<br />

rodesac mocemuli saqmis faqtebi eWvs ar tovebs imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom<br />

abdulvahap timurtaSi iZebneboda xelisuflebis mier qurT mSromelTa<br />

partiasTan dakavSirebuli saqmianobis gamo (ix. zemoT punqti 38). samxreT<br />

TurqeTSi 1993 wels arsebuli gauCinarebis praqtikis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

ar SeiZleba gamoiricxos, rom misi dakaveba SeiZleboda yofiliyo<br />

sicocxlisTvis saxifaTo. sasamarTlom manamde ganxilul or saqmeSi<br />

aRniSna, rom am saqmisTvis relevantur periodSi samxreT-aRmosavleT<br />

regionSi sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis araefeqturobam xeli Seuwyo<br />

usafrTxoebis samsaxurebis wevrTa upasuxismgeblobas sakuTar qmedebebze<br />

(ix. kiliji TurqeTis winaaRmdeg no. 22492/93, § 75 da mahmud kaia TurqeTis<br />

winaaRmdeg no. 22535/93, § 98, ECHR 2000-I I I).<br />

86. zemoaRniSnuli mosazrebebiT, sasamarTlo sakmarisad miiCnevs<br />

arsebul garemoebebs abdulvahap timurtaSis gardacvalebis faqtis<br />

dasadgenad, uSiSroebis Zalebis mier misi faruli dapatimrebis Semdeg.<br />

Sesabamisad, mopasuxe mTavroba pasuxismgebelia misi sikvdilis faqtis<br />

gamo imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mopasuxe mTavrobas ar warmoudgenia<br />

raime gonivruli ganmarteba abdulvahap timurtaSis dapatimrebasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT da arc mtkicebuleba, romelic gaamarTlebda saxelmwifos<br />

warmomadgenlebis mxridan sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebis faqts. amrigad,<br />

mTavroba pasuxismgebelia misi sikvdilis faqtis gamo (ix. CakiCi, cit. § 87).<br />

Sesabamisad, adgili hqonda konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRvevas.<br />

2. gamoZiebis savaraudo araadekvaturobasTan dakavSirebiT<br />

87. sasamarTlo kvlav imeorebs, rom konvenciis me-2 muxlidan<br />

gamomdinare, saxelmwifos valdebuleba, daicvas sicocxlis ufleba,<br />

ikiTxeba amave konvenciis pirvel muxlTan kavSirSi: `maTi iurisdiqciis<br />

farglebSi yvelasTvis uzrunvelyon am konvenciis pirvel nawilSi<br />

gansazRvruli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi.~ aRniSnuli miuTiTebs imaze,<br />

rom saxelmwifoSi unda arsebobdes oficialuri efeqturi gamoZieba,<br />

rodesac viRaca kvdeba Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegad (ix. mutatis mutandis makqani<br />

da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, 1995 wlis 27 seqtembris<br />

gadawyvetileba, seria A no. 324, gv. 49, § 161; da kaia TurqeTis winaaRmdeg,<br />

1998 wlis 19 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba, gadawyvetilebaTa angariSebi,<br />

ganaCenebi da gadawyvetilebebi, 1998-I, gv. 329, § 105).<br />

88. mTavroba amtkicebda, rom Sekrebili iyo yvela xelmisawvdomi<br />

mtkicebuleba da es mtkicebulebebi ar adasturebdnen ganmcxadeblis<br />

braldebebs; aramed, ufro miuTiTebdnen alternatiuli SesaZleblobis<br />

sarwmunoobaze, rom abdulvahap timurtaSi SeiZleboda yofiliyo<br />

siriaSi an qurTTa SromiTi partiis rigebSi. komisiam ki Tavis moxsenebaSi<br />

gamoZieba Seafasa, rogorc gaWianurebuli, daudevari, zedapiruli da<br />

araseriozuli mcdeloba imis gasarkvevad, Tu ra SeemTxva ganmcxadeblis<br />

vaJs (ix. punqti 264 komisiis angariSidan). komisiis daskvnebi Tavmoyrilia<br />

zemoT mocemul 47-e punqtSi.<br />

89. sasamarTlo ver xedavs raime mizezs, komisiisagan gansxvavebulad<br />

Seafasos gamoZieba. sasamarTlo miuTiTebs im xangrZlivi drois monakveTze,<br />

rac dasWirda oficialuri gamoZiebis dawyebasa da mowmeTagan Cvenebebis<br />

miRebas, rac iTvaliswinebs mowmeTa mimarT dasmul araadekvatur<br />

kiTxvebs da, aseve, relevanturi informaciis ignorirebis da SemdgomSi<br />

uaryofis faqts gamoZiebis mwarmoebeli xelisuflebis organoTa mxridan.<br />

sasamarTloze gansakuTrebuli gavlena moaxdina im faqtma, rom Sirnakis<br />

JandarmeriaSi mokvleva ganmcxadeblis vaJis gauCinarebidan mxolod<br />

oris wlis Semdeg daiwyo. Tumca, udavoa, rom ganmcxadebelma misi Svilis<br />

142

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timurTaSi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

Taobaze karga xniT adre Seatyobina saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebs, mas<br />

Semdeg, rac bahatin aktiugisagan miiRo informacia, romlis Tanaxmadac,<br />

misi Svili SirnakSi gadaiyvanes da iq is naxes sadik erdoganma da nimet<br />

nasisma. ufro metic, ar arsebobs mtkicebuleba, romelic miuTiTebda, rom<br />

generalurma prokurorma gamoikvlia Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi<br />

arsebuli dakavebulTa aRricxvis Jurnalebi an Tavad Tavisuflebis<br />

aRkveTis adgilebi, an is, rom silopis Jandarmeriis warmomadgenlebs<br />

pasuxi moeTxovaT maT mier 1993 wlis 4 agvistos ganxorcielebul<br />

qmedebebze.<br />

gulgriloba, gamoxatuli saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa mxridan,<br />

mwvaved usvams xazs konvenciis me-5 § 3 da 4 punqtebiT dadgenili drouli<br />

sasamarTlo Carevis saWiroebas, rasac, rogorc sasamarTlom kurtis<br />

saqmeSi aRniSna, SeuZlia, daadginos an Tavidan aicilos sicocxlisTvis<br />

saSiSi pirobebi, romelic me-2 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli garantiebis<br />

darRvevas warmoadgens (cit. gv. 1185, § 123).<br />

90. yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo adgens, rom<br />

gamoZieba, Catarebuli ganmcxadeblis Svilis gauCinarebis faqtTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, iyo araadekvaturi da, Sesabamisad, saxelmwifom daarRvia<br />

sicocxlis uflebis dacvisaTvis dadgenili proceduruli valdebulebebi.<br />

gamomdinare aqedan, adgili hqonda konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRvevas am<br />

mimarTebiTac.<br />

VI. konvenciis me-13 muxlis savaraudo darRvevis Taobaze<br />

107. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom mas ar mieca qveynis Sida efeqturi<br />

samarTliani misageblis gamoyenebis ufleba konvenciis me-13 muxlis<br />

sawinaaRmdegod: yvelas, visac daerRva am konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, eqneba efeqturi zomis miRebis ufleba<br />

erovnuli xelisuflebis winaSe, imisda miuxedavad, es darRveva<br />

Cadenili iqna Tu ara im pirebis mier, romlebic moqmedeben oficialuri<br />

uflebamosilebiT.<br />

108. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebs, rom adgili hqonda mcdelobas, misgan<br />

daemalaT misi Svilis dapatimrebis faqti. gamoZieba, romelic Catarda mis<br />

braldebebTan dakavSirebiT, misi TqmiT, iyo zedapiruli da ar isaxavda<br />

miznad faqtebis gamoaSkaravebas.<br />

109. mTavrobam ganacxada, rom Caatara yvela aucilebeli mokvleva<br />

da dahkiTxa ganmcxadeblis mier dasaxelebuli yvela mowme, magram<br />

ganmcxadeblis mier warmodgenilma mtkicebulebebma ver daasabuTa misi<br />

braldebebi.<br />

110. eyrdnoba ra sakuTar daskvnas imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom gamoZieba iyo<br />

zedapiruli, daudevari da gaWianurebuli, komisia ver darwmunda, rom<br />

ganmcxadeblis problemas seriozuli yuradReba daeTmo saxelmwifos<br />

warmomadgenlebis mier. man, Sesabamisad, daadgina, rom adgili hqonda<br />

konvenciis me-13 muxlis darRvevas.<br />

111. sasamarTlo kvlav aRniSnavs, rom konvenciis me-13 muxli moiTxovs<br />

erovnul doneze samarTlebrivi saSualebis arsebobas konvenciiT<br />

uzrunvelyofili uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis arsis dasacavad, ra<br />

formiTac ar unda iyos daculi uflebebi Sida samarTalSi. me-13 muxli<br />

143

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

iTxovs iseTi SidasamarTlebrivi saSualebiT uzrunvelyofas, romelic<br />

vargisi iqneba, konvenciis gagebiT, `safuZvliani sarCelis~ arsze<br />

msjelobisa da Selaxuli uflebis aRsadgenad. Tumca, wevr saxelmwifoebs<br />

gaaCniaT garkveuli diskrecia imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor Seasruleben<br />

konvenciis am muxliT gansazRvrul valdebulebas. me-13 muxlidan<br />

gamomdinare valdebulebis moqmedebis sfero gansxvavdeba agreTve<br />

ganmcxadeblis sarCelis xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT. amis miuxedavad, me-13<br />

muxliT dadgenili saSualeba unda iyos `efeqturi~ samarTlebrivadac<br />

da praqtikaSic im gagebiT, rom misi realizeba gaumarTleblad ar unda<br />

brkoldebodes mopasuxe saxelmwifos Tanamdebobis pirTa qmedebebiT an<br />

umoqmedobiT.<br />

rogorc sasamarTlom winamdebare saqmeebSi aRniSna, im SemTxvevaSi,<br />

rodesac naTesavebi warmoadgenen safuZvlian saCivars piris<br />

gauCinarebasTan dakavSirebiT, an rodesac ganxilvis sagania iseTi<br />

fundamenturi Rirebuleba, rogoric sicocxlis uflebaa, me-13 muxli<br />

moiTxovs ara mxolod saTanado kompensacias, aramed, agreTve, efeqturi<br />

da zedmiwevniTi sisxlis samarTlis gamoZiebis Catarebas, romelsac<br />

SeeZleba damnaSaveTa gamovlena da maTi micema pasuxisgebaSi. amasTan,<br />

gamoZiebis monacemebi sruliad xelmisawvdomi iqneba dazaralebuli piris<br />

naTesavebisTvis (ix. kurtis gadawyvetileba, zemoT cit. gv. 1189, § 140; da<br />

iasa da sxvebi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 2 seqtembris gadawyvetileba,<br />

angariSebi 1998-VI, gv. 2442, § 114).<br />

112. ubrundeba ra saqmis garemoebebs, sasamarTlo adgens, rom<br />

ganmcxadebels udavod hqonda safuZvliani saCivari misi Svilis<br />

dapatimrebasTan dakavSirebiT. ganmcxadebelma mimarTa xelisuflebis<br />

organoebs da miawoda konkretuli informacia misi Svilis dakavebis<br />

adgilis, drois da masTan erTad dakavebuli piris Taobaze. amis Semdgom<br />

ki xelisuflebis organoebs amcno im pirTa saxelebi, romlebmac misi<br />

Svili Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilas naxes. sasamarTlom daadgina,<br />

rom saxelmwifom ver daicva sicocxlis ufleba. amis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

mosarCeles unda hqonoda sakuTari uflebis dacvis efeqturi saSualeba,<br />

zemoT ganmartebuli gagebiT.<br />

113. saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebi valdebulni iyvnen, CaetarebinaT<br />

efeqturi gamoZieba ganmcxadeblis Svilis gauCinarebis faqtTan<br />

dakavSirebiT. 89-e paragrafis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo adgens, rom<br />

saxelmwifom ar Seasrula nakisri valdebulebebi. Sesabamisad, dairRva<br />

konvenciis me-13 muxli.<br />

C. konvenciis 41-e muxlis gamoyeneba<br />

A. aramaterialuri ziani<br />

125. ganmcxadebelma, darRvevaTa raodenobisa da simZimis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

moiTxova 40,000 funti sterlingi _ misi Svilis da 10,000 funti sterlingi<br />

_ mis mimarT aramaterialuri zaralis samarTliani dakmayofilebisaTvis.<br />

126. mTavrobam gaasaCivra ganmcxadeblis moTxovna da aRniSna, rom is<br />

zedmetad gazviadebuli iyo da mis usafuZvlo gamdidrebas gamoiwvevda.<br />

127. rac Seexeba aramaterialuri zaralis anazRaurebis moTxovnas<br />

ganmcxadeblis SvilTan mimarTebiT, aRniSnuli Tanxa gadaicemoda<br />

144

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timurTaSi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg<br />

dazaralebulTa memkvidreebze mxolod maSin, rodesac xdeboda piris<br />

dakaveba da is wamebis Sedegad iRupeboda an ikargeboda (ix. zemoT<br />

cit. kurtis gadawyvetileba, gv. 1195, §§ 174-75; da jakiCi, lok. cit. §<br />

130 ). sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom dadgenilia konvenciis me-2, me-5 da<br />

me-13 muxlebis darRveva daudgeneli patimrobisas da, Sesabamisad, is<br />

adgens, rom mis mimarT unda moxdes kompensaciis gadaxda. is ajildoebs<br />

dazaralebuls 20,000 girvanqa sterlingiT, romelic unda gadaexados mis<br />

memkvidres, ganmcxadebels.<br />

sasamarTlo ganmcxadeblis mimarT aseve adgens anazRaurebas kompensaciis<br />

saxiT. Sesabamisad, is akmayofilebs mis moTxovnas 10,000 funti sterlingis<br />

odenobis kompensaciasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

maikl okboili elisabed palmi<br />

registraturis prezidenti<br />

konvenciis 45 § 2 da sasamarTlo wesebis 74 § 2 wesis Tanaxmad, mosamarTle<br />

goljuklus nawilobriv gansxvavebuli mosazreba erTvis gadawyvetilebis<br />

teqsts.<br />

145

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

V<br />

sicocxlis ufleba da evTanazia<br />

friTi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

(ganacxadi no. 2346/02)<br />

gadawyvetileba<br />

strasburgi<br />

2002 wlis 29 aprili<br />

saboloo<br />

procedura<br />

1. saqme daiwyo sasamarTloSi ganacxadiT (no. 2346/02), romelic didi<br />

britaneTis gaerTianebuli samefosa da CrdiloeT irlandiis winaaRmdeg,<br />

adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb<br />

evropuli konvenciis (`konvencia”) 34-e muxlis safuZvelze, 2001 wlis 21<br />

dekembers Semoitana didi britaneTis qveSevrdomma q-nma daian friTim<br />

(`ganmcxadebeli”).<br />

saqmis faqtobrivi mxare<br />

(araoficialuri versia)<br />

ganmcxadebeli gaxlavT 43 wlis qalbatoni. mas aqvs mamoZravebel nervTa<br />

daavadeba (MND). es aris centraluri nervuli sistemis mamoZravebeli<br />

ujredebis progresuli nervo-degeneraciuli daavadeba, romelic<br />

iwvevs xelebis da fexebis kunTebis, agreTve, sunTqvis makontrolebeli<br />

kunTebis ganlevas. sikvdili, Cveulebriv, dgeba sunTqvis makontrolebeli<br />

kunTebis dasustebis Sedegad, rasac Tan sdevs metyvelebis da ylapvis<br />

makontrolebeli kunTebis dasusteba da amiT ganpirobebuli sunTqvis<br />

ukmarisoba da pnevmonia. aranair mkurnalobas ar SeuZlia daavadebis<br />

progresirebis SeCereba.<br />

ganmcxadeblis mdgomareoba swrafad uaresdeba. igi kisridan<br />

paralizebulia, aqvs rTulad gasarCevi metyveleba da ikvebeba milis<br />

saSualebiT. misi sicocxle SeiZleba gagrZeldes ramdenime kviridan<br />

ramdenime Tvemde. Tumca, daavadebas misi inteleqti da gadawyvetilebis<br />

miRebis unari ar Seulaxavs. mas ar surs, ganicados is tanjva da<br />

damakninebeli mdgomareoba, risi gadatanac aucileblad mouwevs, Tuki<br />

daavadeba Tavis yvela stadias gaivlis. amitom mas surs, Tavad gadawyvitos,<br />

rodis mokvdeba da aicilos daavadebis Tanmdevi tanjva da daknineba.<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom, inglisuri kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad,<br />

TviTmkvleloba danaSauli ar aris, daian friTis ar SeeZlo<br />

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friTi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

amis ganxorcieleba sxvisi daxmarebis gareSe. daxmarebis gaweva<br />

TviTmkvlelobis Casadenad danaSaulia. sajaro braldebis direqtorma,<br />

gansakuTrebuli garemoebebis gamo, uari Tqva, ar daewyo devna<br />

ganmcxadeblis meuRlis winaaRmdeg, Tu es ukanaskneli Tavis meuRles<br />

TviTmkvlelobaSi daexmareboda. pirvelis instanciis sasamarTlom<br />

ar daakmayofila ganmcxadeblis sarCeli imasTan dakavSirebiT,<br />

rom prokuroris gadawyvetileba ukanono iyo. lordTa palatam es<br />

gadawyvetileba ZalaSi datova da, amasTan, 1961 wlis TviTmkvlelobis<br />

aqtis 2(1) punqti konvenciis me-2 muxlTan Sesabamisad gamoacxada.<br />

III. Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso masalebi<br />

24. evropis sabWos saparlamento asamblea, rekomendacia 1418 (1999), inter<br />

alia, rekomendacias uwevs Semdegs (punqti 9):<br />

`...ministrTa komiteti mouwodebs evropis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoebs,<br />

pativi scen ganukurnebel an momakvdav avadmyofebs yvela mimarTebiT;<br />

...<br />

g. ganukurnebeli avadmyofebisa an momakvdavi pirebisaTvis sicocxlis<br />

ganzrax warTmevis akrZalvis mxardaWerisas:<br />

i.<br />

ii.<br />

iii.<br />

aRiarebs, rom sicocxlis ufleba, gansakuTrebiT ki ganukurnebeli<br />

an momakvdavi avadmyofebis mimarT, daculia wevri saxelmwifoebis<br />

mier adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-2 muxlis<br />

Sesabamisad, romelic acxadebs, rom `ar SeiZleba vinmes ganzrax<br />

mokvdineba~;<br />

ganukurnebeli an momakvdavi avadmyofis survili, mokvdes, ar<br />

warmoadgens samarTlebriv safuZvels sxva pirisaTvis;<br />

ganukurnebeli an momakvdavi avadmyofis aRiarebiTi survili,<br />

mokvdes, arasdros warmoadgens samarTlebriv safuZvels sxva<br />

pirisaTvis, sisruleSi moiyvanos aRniSnuli survili.~<br />

IV. mesame mxaris Careva<br />

A. nebayoflobiTi evTanaziis sazogadoeba<br />

25. nebayoflobiTi evTanaziis sazogadoeba daarsda 1935 wels da<br />

gaerTianebul samefoSi warmoadgenda wamyvan kvleviT organizacias<br />

sikvdilSi daxmarebis sakiTxebze im mimarTebiT, rom ganukurnebel an<br />

momakvdav avadmyofs, msgavsi survilis SemTxvevaSi, miscemoda RirsebiT<br />

sikvdilis ufleba. mouqneli samarTlebrivi sistema, romelic aiZulebs<br />

ganukurnebel avadmyofs, itanjebodes umZimesi tkivilisagan da gauZlos<br />

gaxangrZlivebuli sikvdilis process sakuTari nebis sawinaaRmdegod,<br />

ar Seesabameba konvenciis me-3 muxls. maT moiyvanes mizezebi, Tu ratom<br />

iTxovdnen pirebi sikvdilSi daxmarebis aRmoCenas (magaliTad, autaneli<br />

da sastiki tkivilebi, sikvdilis procesis molodiniT gamowveuli<br />

daRliloba, piradi avtonomiis dakargva). maTi gancxadebiT, gamayuCebeli<br />

mkurnaloba ver pasuxobda yvela pacientis moTxovnas da ver agvarebda<br />

iseT problemebs, rogoricaa piradi avtonomiis an organos nawilebze<br />

funqciuri kontrolis dakargva.<br />

147

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

26. isini amtkicebdnen, rom, evropis sxva qveynebTan SedarebiT, inglissa<br />

da uelsSi arsebuli sistema, romelic absoluturi formiT krZalavda<br />

sikvdilis dadgomaSi daxmarebas, evropaSi yvelaze mouqneli da<br />

SemzRudveli iyo. sxva qveynebma (magaliTad, belgia, Sveicaria, germania,<br />

safrangeTi, fineTi, Svecia da nederlandebi, sadac daxmareba sikvdilis<br />

dadgomisaTvis unda gaswios samedicino praqtikis mqone pirma) gaauqmes<br />

specialuri danaSauli `TviTmkvlelobaSi daxmareba~. zogierT qveyanaSi<br />

msgavsi qmedebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli sasjelebi Semcirda _ arc erT<br />

qveyanaSi, espaneTis gamoklebiT, Tavisuflebis aRkveTa ar aRemateboda 5<br />

wels _ da sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba iSviaTad dgeboda.<br />

27. rac Seexeba saxelmwifo politikas, rogoric ar unda yofiliyo<br />

samarTlebrivi sistema, evTanazias, rac gamoixateboda sikvdilis<br />

dadgomis xelSewyobaSi, kvlav hqonda adgili. cnobilia, rom inglissa<br />

da uelsSi msgavsi kategoriis pacientebi xSirad iTxovdnen sikvdils<br />

da maTi naTesavebi, samedicino praqtikosebis daxmarebiT, miuxedavad<br />

sakanonmdeblo vakuumisa, asrulebdnen momakvdavTa Tu ganukurnebel<br />

avadmyofTa survils, Tumca, icodnen, rom amas SeeZlo gamoewvia<br />

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba. cnobilia, rom niderlandebSi<br />

sisxlis samarTali ar krZalavda evTanazias an sasikvdilo Sedegis<br />

dadgomaSi daxmarebas. kvlevam aCvena, rom niderlandebSi 1%-ze naklebi<br />

maCvenebliT aRiricxeboda iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac pacienti<br />

kvdeboda eqimis daxmarebiT, mkveTrad gamouxatavi survilis pirobebSi<br />

(aranebayoflobiTi evTanazia). msgavsma kvlevam imave sakiTxze<br />

aCvena Semdegi monacemebi: 3.1% _ belgia da 3.5% _ avstria. amgvarad,<br />

SeiZleba gakeTdes daskvna, rom msgavs SemTxvevebze naklebi yuradReba<br />

maxvildeboda iseT qveynebSi, sadac is ikrZaleboda da gacilebiT meti<br />

yuradReba eTmoboda iq, sadac is daSvebuli iyo. amave daskvnis mixedviT,<br />

qveynebSi, sadac mkacrad iyo regulirebuli evTanaziis sisruleSi<br />

moyvanis procedura, arsebobda saTanado konsultaciis miRebisa da<br />

mkacri aRricxvis ufro meti SesaZlebloba, vidre im qveynebSi, sadac is<br />

akrZaluli iyo, magram praqtikulad arsebobda.<br />

inglisisa da uelsis kaTolike episkoposTa konferencia<br />

28. aRniSnulma organizaciam warmoadgina principebi da argumentebi,<br />

romlebic Seesabameboda sxva kaTolike episkoposTa mier konferenciaze<br />

gakeTebul gancxadebebs sxvadasxva wevr saxelmwifoSi.<br />

29. isini xazgasmiT aRniSnavdnen: maTi kaTolikuri rwmenis fundamenturi<br />

moZRvreba iyo, rom adamians sicocxle mieniWa RvTisgan. nebismieri<br />

qmedeba, romelic miznad isaxavs, sicocxles gamoasalmos sakuTari<br />

Tavi an sxva adamiani, Tundac Tanxmobis pirobebSi, asaxavs adamianis<br />

Rirebulebis damazianebel gaugebrobas. TviTmkvleloba da, Sesabamisad,<br />

evTanazia adamianis tanjvasa da sikvdilTan brZolis miuRebeli forma<br />

iyo. aRniSnul mosazrebas aseve iTvaliswinebda rogorc sxva religiuri<br />

moZRvrebani, ise Tanamedrove pluralizmi da sekularuli sazogadoebebi,<br />

rasac naTelhyofs adamianis uflebaTa universaluri deklaracia (1948<br />

wlis dekemberi) da adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis<br />

Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis sxvadasxva debuleba, maT Soris me-2 da me-3<br />

muxlebi.<br />

148

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friTi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

30. aRniSnuli organizacia Tavis mosazrebebSi aRniSnavda, rom isini,<br />

vinc cdilobdnen TviTmkvlelobas, xSirad itanjebodnen depresiisa an<br />

sxva fsiqiatriuli daavadebebisagan. niu-iorkis 1994 wlis angariSSi,<br />

saxelmwifos operatiuli Zalisa da samarTlis Sesaxeb, naTqvamia,<br />

rom TviTmkvlelobaSi xelSewyobis an nebismieri formis evTanaziis<br />

legalizeba gamoiwvevda katastrofuli proporciis Secdomas da Zalian<br />

cudad aisaxeboda mowyvladi adamianebis bedze, romlebic advilad<br />

SeiZleboda gamxdariyvnen samedicino personalSi arsebuli korufciuli<br />

mosazrebebis msxverpli. sxva kvleva miuTiTebda, rom bevri adamiani,<br />

romlebmac moiTxoves eqimis meSveobiT evTanaziis gakeTeba, ukan<br />

gamoiTxoves aRniSnuli moTxovna, rodesac maT depresiasa an tkivilebze<br />

Sesabamisi reagireba moxda. gamocdilebiT, tkivilgamayuCebel<br />

mkurnalobas unda hqondes iseTi Sedegi, romelic amcirebs rogorc<br />

fizikur, ise fsiqologiur tkivils.<br />

31. lordTa palatis samedicino eTikis komitetis (1993-94) mtkicebulebaTa<br />

Sefasebis Semdeg gaCnda mniSvnelovani safuZvlebi daskvnisaTvis, rom<br />

TviTmkvlelobaSi mxardaWeris nebismieri samarTlebrivi nebarTva<br />

gamoiwvevda mowyvladi adamianebis uflebaTa masobriv erozias,<br />

warmoSobils samarTlebrivi zewolisa da samedicino praqtikis, zogadad<br />

ki, janmrTelobis, fsiqologiuri da finansuri pirobebis Secvlis Sedegad.<br />

moyvanili iyo sawinaaRmdego argumenti, romlis Tanaxmadac, evTanaziis<br />

legalizaciis Semdeg praqtikulad SeuZlebeli gaxdeboda misi moqceva<br />

iseT aucilebel CarCoSi, romelic uzrunvelyofda mowyvladi pirebis<br />

dacvas (ix. magaliTad, niderlandebis mTavrobis 1990 wlis swavleba<br />

pacientTa gamoxatuli survilis gareSe evTanaziis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb).<br />

samarTlebrivi mxare<br />

I. saCivris dasaSveboba<br />

32. ganmcxadebeli, romelic itanjeba ganukurnebeli, degenerirebadi<br />

daavadebiT, amtkicebda, rom, mis SemTxvevaSi, adgili hqonda misi<br />

fundamenturi uflebis darRvevas, rac gamoixata sajaro braldebis<br />

direqtoris uarSi, gaeca Tanxmoba ganmcxadeblis meuRleze, raTa es<br />

ukanaskneli daxmareboda mas sicocxlis dasrulebaSi. aRniSnuli saqcieli<br />

inglisur kanonmdeblobaSi cnobili iyo, rogorc TviTmkvlelobaSi<br />

daxmareba da danaSaulad iTvleboda. mTavrobis mtkicebiT, saCivari ar<br />

iyo dasaSvebi da sasamarTlos is sruliad dausabuTeblad unda ecno,<br />

vinaidan misi ganacxadi ar emyareboda konvenciiT garantirebul romelime<br />

uflebas; an, Tu aseTad miiCneoda, maSin nebismieri Careva saxelmwifos<br />

mxridan miCneul unda yofiliyo, konvenciis TvalsazrisiT, dasaSvebad.<br />

33. sasamarTlom daadgina, rom saqme imdenad mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs<br />

exeboda, rom maTi gansazRvra SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda mxolod saqmis<br />

arsebiTi nawilis ganxilvis SemTxvevaSi. raime sxva safuZveli, saCivris<br />

dauSveblad cnobisaTvis, ar dadgenila. Sesabamisad, saCivari dasaSvebia.<br />

konvenciis 29 § 3 muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo arsebiTad imsjelebs<br />

ganmcxadeblis moTxovnebze.<br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

II. konvenciis me-2 muxlis savaraudo darRvevis Sesaxeb<br />

A. mxareTa dasabuTeba<br />

1. ganmcxadebeli<br />

35. ganmcxadeblis mtkicebiT, misTvis TviTmkvlelobaSi daxmareba ar iyo<br />

winaaRmdegobaSi konvenciis me-2 muxlTan, vinaidan, sxvagvarad, es imas<br />

niSnavs, rom yvela is qveyana, romelic amas dasaSvebad miiCnevda, arRvevda<br />

aRniSnul debulebas. ufro metic, konvencia icavda ara marto sicocxlis<br />

uflebas, aramed uflebas _ Tavad gadawyvito, icxovro Tu ara. is icavda<br />

sicocxlis uflebas da ara Tavad sicocxles. Tanac, akrZalvebi exeboda<br />

iseT mesame pirebs, rogoricaa saxelmwifo an sajaro organoebi da ara<br />

Tavad pirs, romlis sicocxlesac exeboda saqme. Sesabamisad, konvenciis<br />

me-2 muxli uflebas aZlevda individs, Tavad gadaewyvita, ecxovra Tu<br />

ara da daculi yofiliyo misi ufleba, daesrulebina sakuTari sicocxle<br />

im mizniT, raTa Tavidan aecilebina autaneli tkivilebi da Rirsebis<br />

damcireba. kinanis saqmeSi, marTalia, patimars ar misces ufleba, Tavi<br />

moekla, Tumca, am SemTxvevaSi, gadamwyveti aRmoCnda misi patimris statusi<br />

da is, rom mas, fsiqologiuri mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, ar SeeZlo,<br />

mieRo gaazrebuli gadawyvetileba (ix. kinani gaerTianebuli samefos<br />

winaaRmdeg, no. 27229/95, ECHR 2001 - I I I).<br />

2. mTavroba<br />

36. mTavroba miiCnevda, rom ganmcxadeblis mier misi moTxovnis<br />

damyareba konvenciis me-2 muxlze, iyo am muxlis arsisa da teqstis<br />

araswori gagebis Sedegi. konvenciis me-2 muxli, romelic icavs erTerT<br />

yvelaze fundamentur uflebas, upirvelesad, swored negatiur<br />

valdebulebas ayalibebda. Tumca, garkveul SemTxvevebSi, awesebs<br />

pozitiur valdebulebas, miiRon aucilebeli zomebi sicocxlis<br />

dasacavad. sasamarTlos mier adre ganxilul saqmeSi saxelmwifo<br />

pasuxismgeblobisagan ar gaaTavisufla misma uunarobam, daecva im<br />

patimris sicocxlis ufleba, romelmac TviTmkvleloba Caidina (ix. zemoT<br />

cit. kinanis saqme). amas garda, dadginda saxelmwifos ufleba, iZulebiT<br />

gamoekveba patimari, romelmac SimSiloba gamoacxada (eqsi germaniis<br />

winaaRmdeg, no. 10565/83, 1984 wlis 9 maisis komisiis gadawyvetileba).<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxlis teqsti, romelic acxadebs, rom aravis SeiZleba<br />

ganzrax CamoerTvas sicocxle, gadaxvevis uflebas iZleva mxolod<br />

mkacrad SezRuduli garemoebebisas, romelTac winamdebare saqme ar<br />

ganekuTvneba. sikvdilis ufleba araTu misi nawilia, aramed pirdapir<br />

winaaRmdegobaSia sicocxlis uflebasTan.<br />

B. sasamarTlos Sefaseba<br />

37. sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTali konvenciis me-2 muxls<br />

gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs da miiCnevs konvenciis erT-erT<br />

yvelaze fundamentur debulebad (ix. makqani da sxvebi gaerTianebuli<br />

samefos winaaRmdeg. 1995 wlis 27 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, seriebi A<br />

no. 324, gv. 45-46, §§ 146-47). is icavs sicocxlis uflebas, romlis gareSec<br />

konvenciiT daculi sxva nebismieri ufleba an Tavisufleba azrs kargavs.<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxli adgens SezRudul garemoebebs, romlis drosac,<br />

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friTi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />

sicocxlis uflebis Selaxva SeiZleba gamarTlebulad CaiTvalos.<br />

sasamarTlo mimarTavs am garemoebebis gamokvlevas, rodesac aRniSnul<br />

mosazrebas emyareba mopasuxe mTavroba (iqve, gv. 46, §§ 149-50).<br />

38. me-2 muxlis teqsti aregulirebs saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa mier<br />

sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebis sakiTxebs. Tumca, igi vrceldeba ara marto<br />

ganzrax mkvlelobis SemTxvevebze, aramed iseT garemoebebzec, rodesac<br />

`Zalis gamoyeneba~ dasaSvebia, magram man SeiZleba gamoiwvios sicocxlis<br />

uflebis xelyofa, rogorc gauTvaliswinebeli Sedegi (iqve, gv. 46, §<br />

148). ufro metic, sasamarTlom daadgina, rom konvenciis me-2 § 1 muxlis<br />

pirveli winadadeba moicavs ara mxolod sicocxlis uflebis ganzrax<br />

Selaxvis akrZalvas, aramed saxelmwifos valdebulebasac, miiRos yvela<br />

zoma misi iurisdiqciis farglebSi myof pirTa sicocxlis dasacavad<br />

(ix. el.si.bi. gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 9 ivnisis<br />

gadawyvetileba, angariSebi, ganaCenebi da gadawyvetilebebi, 1998-III, gv. 1403,<br />

§ 36). aRniSnuli valdebuleba scdeba pirvelad valdebulebas, daicvas<br />

sicocxlis ufleba pirovnebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebis<br />

kriminalizaciiT, rac gamyarebuli iqneba am debulebaTa darRvevis<br />

prevenciisTvis samarTaldamcavi meqanizmebis efeqturi funqcionirebiT.<br />

garkveul garemoebebSi is aseve gulisxmobs xelisuflebis pozitiur<br />

valdebulebasac, prevenciuli operatiuli RonisZiebebi ganaxorcielos<br />

im individis sicocxlis uflebis dasacavad, romlis sicocxlec<br />

safrTxeSia sxva individis mier danaSaulis Cadenis riskis gamo. (ix. osmani<br />

gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 28 oqtombris gadawyvetileba,<br />

angariSebi 1998-VIII, gv. 3159, § 115, aseve, kiliCi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, no.<br />

22492/93, §§ 62 da 76, ECHR 2000-III). ufro mogvianebiT, kinanis saqmeSi, me-2<br />

muxlma moicva valdebuleba, TviTmkvlelobisagan daculi yofiliyo im<br />

patimris sicocxle, romlis fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba uSvebda msgavs<br />

SesaZleblobas (ix. kinani, zemoT cit. § 91).<br />

39. mudmivi Strixi, romelic Tan sdevs sasamarTlos mier ganxilul<br />

saqmeebs, aris saxelmwifos valdebuleba, daicvas sicocxlis ufleba.<br />

sasamarTlo ar aris darwmunebuli, rom `sicocxlis ufleba~ SeiZleba<br />

ganimartos, rogorc negatiuri aspeqtis Semcveli. magaliTad, konvenciis<br />

me-11 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli gaerTianebis Tavisufleba ganimarta,<br />

rogorc ara mxolod ufleba _ iyo asociaciis wevri, aramed ufleba _ ar<br />

gaxde iZulebuli, iyo misi wevri. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom Tavisuflebis<br />

cneba gulisxmobs, pirs hqondes misi ganxorcielebis formis arCevis<br />

garkveuli saSualeba. me-2 muxls sxvagvari konstruqcia gaaCnia. am muxlis<br />

interesis sferoSi ar xvdeba Tavad cxovrebis xarisxTan dakavSirebuli<br />

sakiTxebi da arc is, adamiani ra arCevans gaakeTebs sakuTar cxovrebasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT. rodesac es aspeqtebi imdenad fundamenturia adamianuri<br />

yofisTvis, rom saWiroeben saxelmwifo Carevisgan dacvas, isini aisaxeba<br />

konvenciis sxva muxlebSi an adamianis uflebaTa sxva dokumentebSi. me-2<br />

muxlis teqstis damaxinjebis gareSe, SeuZlebeli iqneboda imis Tqma, rom<br />

es muxli adamians aniWebs diametrulad sapirispiro _ kerZod, sikvdilis<br />

uflebas; igi individs arc TviTgamorkvevis uflebas aZlevs, raTa man<br />

Tavad gadawyvitos _ sikvdili urCevnia Tu sicocxle.<br />

40. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo adgens, rom aranairi sikvdilis ufleba,<br />

realizebuli mesame piris an saxelmwifo organoebis daxmarebiT, ar<br />

gamomdinareobs me-2 muxlidan. aRniSnuli mosazreba gamtkicebulia<br />

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sicocxlis ufleba<br />

evrokavSiris saparlamento asambleis bolo xans miRebuli<br />

rekomendaciiTac 1418 (1999) (ix. zemoT punqti 24).<br />

41. ganmcxadebeli amtkicebda, rom sikvdilis uflebis araRiareba,<br />

saxelmwifoebs, romlebic uSveben TviTmkvlelobaSi daxmarebas,<br />

Caayenebda konvenciasTan winaaRmdegobriv mdgomareobaSi. sasamarTlos<br />

uflebamosilebaSi ar Sedis imis Sefaseba, Tu ramdenad icavs konkretuli<br />

saxelmwifos kanonmdebloba sicocxlis uflebas. rogorc kinanis saqmeSi<br />

ganimarta, gonivruli RonisZiebebi, romlebic gatarebuli iqneba piris<br />

TviTdazianebisgan dasacavad, eqvemdebareba SezRudvas konvenciis sxva<br />

debulebebis, magaliTad, me-5 da me-8 muxlebis da pirovnuli avtonomiis<br />

ufro zogadi principis perspeqtividan (ix. zemoT cit. kinani, §92).<br />

amgvarad, saxelmwifoebi adgenen, an cdiloben daadginon, ramdenad vrceli<br />

iqneba TavisuflebaSi myofi piris SesaZlebloba, sakuTar Tavs ziani<br />

miayenos Tavad an sxvisi daxmarebiT. ar aris gamoricxuli, aman gamoiwvios<br />

adamianis pirovnuli Tavisuflebisa da sazogadoebrivi interesebis<br />

sakiTxebisadmi urTierTsapirispiro midgoma, rac SeiZleba gadawydes<br />

mxolod konkretuli saqmis konkretuli garemoebebis gamokvlevisas<br />

(ix. mutatis mutandis, laski, jagardi da brauni gaerTianebuli samefos<br />

winaaRmdeg, 1997 wlis 19 Tebervlis gadawyvetileba, angariSebi 1997-I).<br />

TumcaRa, Tundac erT saxelmwifoSi, prevalirebadi garemoebebis gamo,<br />

sxvisi daxmarebiT TviTmkvlelobis ganxorcielebis daSveba ar arRvevdes<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxls, es ar ganamtkicebs ganmcxadeblis pozicias am<br />

saqmeSi, radgan man ver moaxerxa sruliad gansxvavebuli argumentis<br />

dasabuTeba – rom gaerTianebuli samefo daarRvevs me-2 muxls, Tu ar<br />

dauSvebs sxvisi daxmarebiT TviTmkvlelobas.<br />

42. sasamarTlo adgens, rom adgili ar hqonda konvenciis me-2 muxlis<br />

darRvevas.<br />

152