qarTveli da buxareli ebraelebi venaSi
qarTveli da buxareli ebraelebi venaSi
qarTveli da buxareli ebraelebi venaSi
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562ger<strong>da</strong> lexlaitneri <strong>da</strong> nona lomiZe<strong>qarTveli</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>buxareli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong> <strong>venaSi</strong>Sesavaliavstriis mecnierebaTa akademiis fonoarqivi <strong>da</strong>fuZn<strong>da</strong> 1899w. <strong>da</strong>iTvleba msoflios uZveles kvleviT fonogramarqivad. misi mizaniabgeriTi Canawerebis Segroveba, <strong>da</strong>cva, Sefaseba, Seqmna <strong>da</strong> mecnieruligamoyenebis uzrunvelyofa. bgeriTi Canawerebis SinaarsiSedgenilia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva samecniero disciplinebi<strong>da</strong>n, yovelgvari regionuliSezRudvis gareSe. termini “samecniero bgeriTi Canaweri”gamoiyeneba im akustikuri wyaroebis aRsaniSnavad, romlebic miRebuliaSemowmebisa <strong>da</strong> dokumentirebis Sedegad. fonoarqivis saqmianobamoicavs arqivirebas, teqnikur <strong>da</strong>cvasa <strong>da</strong> Senaxvas. arqivirebagulisxmobs Canaweris gar<strong>da</strong>qmnas gamokvlevisaTvis gamosadegwyarod, saTanadod <strong>da</strong>zustebuli, <strong>da</strong>wvrilebiTi dokumentaciiT.teqnikuri <strong>da</strong>cva audiovizualuri arqivis erT-erTi mTavari amocanaa,xolo Senaxva gulisxmobs Segrovebuli Canawerebis kompetenturmovlas.arqivis koleqciebi Seqmnilia:_ kvleviTi proeqtebi<strong>da</strong>n, romlebsac xelmZRvaneloben institutebi<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sferos individualuri mkvlevrebi fonoarqivisteqnikuri <strong>da</strong> meToduri xelSewyobiT;_ arqivis kuratorebis SerCeul sferoebSi TanamSromlebis mierganxorcielebuli proeqtebi<strong>da</strong>n, romlebic emyareba axal Tematikas<strong>da</strong> meTodebs;_ arqivis mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris gareSe SeZenili audio <strong>da</strong> videokoleqciebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> im istoriuli Canawerebi<strong>da</strong>n, romlebic sxva arqivebi<strong>da</strong>naris gadmowerili arqivis laboratoriaSi an arqivis mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT.proeqti, romelsac Cven aq warmovadgenT, ganekuTvneba arqiviskoleqciebis meore jgufs _ esaa TanamSromlebis proeqti. mas Semdeg,rac ga<strong>da</strong>vwyviteT mogveqcia es proeqti “Gemeinde Wien” programisfarglebSi, movargeT igi im miznebs, romlebic ukve hqon<strong>da</strong> vena-Si <strong>da</strong>wyebul proeqts <strong>da</strong> romlis Tanaxmad, audioze <strong>da</strong> videoze un<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>fiqsirebuliyo calkeuli kulturuli movlenebis mniSvnelovanimimdinare procesebi. sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturuli nimuSebis SegrovebismizniT, <strong>da</strong>ars<strong>da</strong> monacemTa saerTo fondi, raTa Segveswavla multikulturuli,metwilad ucnobi, movlenebi qalaqur garemoSi. am sagangeboamocanis Sesasruleblad gvindo<strong>da</strong> <strong>buxareli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong>sgverdiT vyofiliyaviT wlebis ganmavlobaSi, yuradRebiT SegveswavlamaTi religiuri dResaswaulebi. yofili sabWoTa kavSiri<strong>da</strong>n Camo-
563suli <strong>buxareli</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>qarTveli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong> gaerTianebulni arian erTsefadrikul centrSi <strong>venaSi</strong>; vakvirdebodiT ra buxarel ebraelebserTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, Cven ga<strong>da</strong>vwyviteT gagvegrZelebina <strong>da</strong>kvirvebaqarTvel ebraelebze.am proeqtis mTavari mizani iyo audiovizualuri wyaroebis Segroveba<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva xasiaTis kvlevisaTvis maTi xelmisawvdomobisuzrunvelyofa. CvenTvis mTavari sakiTxi iyo: rogor cxovrobsaq es Temi? ra Sexeduleba aqvT maT Tavian kulturaze, romelic aseaxloa religiasTan <strong>da</strong> im regionTan, sai<strong>da</strong>nac arian? rogori gamocdilebaSeiZines maT axal diasporaSi gaerTianebiT?ratom SevarCieT ebrauli Temebi?fonoarqivis masalebis gacnobisas aRmovaCineT ebrauli kulturis_ kerZod musikisa <strong>da</strong> metyvelebis Caweris xangrZlivi tradicia.igi <strong>da</strong>iwyo 1907 wlis CanawerebiT, romelic mieZRvna balkaneTissefadrikul tradiciebs. aseve cnobili koleqciaa abraham zvi idelsoniskoleqcia _ Canawerebi, gakeTebuli ierusalimSi 1911 <strong>da</strong> 1913wlebs Soris. `idelsonis Canawerebis proeqti <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong> axali Taobisdidi ZalisxmeviT, romelic mibrun<strong>da</strong> diaspora<strong>da</strong>n “Yishuv”-Si <strong>da</strong>Seikriba mTeli msoflio<strong>da</strong>n palestinaSi~, _ ambobs filip bolmeni(2005: 18) <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sZens: `Yishuv~-Si yvelaferi iyo SesaZlebeli _ axaliena, axali politika, axali literatura <strong>da</strong> axali musikaluri kultura_ magram am tradiciebis Sekrebis mTavari safuZveli gax<strong>da</strong>zRvaris gavleba Zvelsa <strong>da</strong> axals Soris~. amitom, Canawerebi orientirebuliiyo aRmosavleTis ebraelebze, arabebsa <strong>da</strong> zogierT qristianulTemze; idelsons ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d ainteresebs yvela am religiurijgufis liturgiuli tradiciebi iseve, rogorc qalaquri arabulimusikis _ makamis sistema, rogorc aRniSnavs edvin serusi (2005: 52).idelsonis koleqcia SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT im dokumentaciis Zalianadreuli safxurs, romelic eZRvneba <strong>ebraelebi</strong>s kulturul gan-Stoebebs multi-kulturul garemoSi, kerZod, ierusalimSi. msgavsimecnieruli mosazrebebi metnaklebad gvxvdeba helga tielis proeqt-Si, romelic Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> “Gemeinde Wien”-is mier adreul 1990-ian wleb-Si <strong>da</strong> Seexebo<strong>da</strong> “ebraul Tems <strong>venaSi</strong>~ <strong>da</strong> `israel adleris memkvidreobas~,sinagogis adrindel mTavar momRerals. axlaxan <strong>da</strong>wyebuli kvleviTiproeqti, moicavs ra poloneli <strong>ebraelebi</strong>s sinagoguri sagaloblebisrestavraciisa <strong>da</strong> ukrainaSi ebrauli musikis sakiTxebs,Seavsebs ebrauli kulturis arqivs. vinai<strong>da</strong>n Cveni kvlevis umetesinawili mimdinareob<strong>da</strong> qalaqur garemoSi (<strong>venaSi</strong>), vfiqrobT, sasurveliiyo gamogvekvlia is, Tu ras grZnoben <strong>ebraelebi</strong>, rogorc sefadrikulitradiciebis matareblebi _ gansxvavebiT aSkenazebisagan,romelTa tradiciebic dRemde ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d Sesaswavl obieqts warmoadgenen.
564ger<strong>da</strong> lexlaitneri <strong>da</strong> nona lomiZesefadrikuli centriigi Seicavs sam qvejgufs -_ qarTvel, kavkasiel anu Tat ebraelebs<strong>da</strong> buxarel ebraelebs. roca es Temebi <strong>da</strong>saxldnen <strong>venaSi</strong>, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>Skenazebi iyvnen aqtiurebi `Israelitische Kultusgemeinde~ farglebSi;amitom aziur-rusulma ebraulma jgufma Camoayaliba sefadrikuliasociacia. adreuli 1880-ianebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>buxareli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong> TavisTems uwodeben sefadrikuls <strong>da</strong> ara buxaruls (Galibov 2001: 133). maTIKG-Si miRebis imedi hqon<strong>da</strong>T im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aubamdnen mxars sefadrimismier Camoyalibebul Tems. <strong>buxareli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong>s SemTxveva-Si termini “Sephadric” aRniSnavs mxolod maT ritualur gawevrianebas;mas araferi aqvs saerTo sefadrimTan, romelic cxovrob<strong>da</strong>espaneTSi <strong>da</strong> 1492 wels ganidevna. yofili sabWoTa respublikebi<strong>da</strong>ngamosuli am sami Temis mTavari mizania sakuTari Sephadric centris<strong>da</strong>fuZneba. Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad moRvaweobdnen ra e.w. `rusul klubis~farglebSi (ix. Galibov 2001: 126-127), maT mxars uWer<strong>da</strong> organizacia“Chabad”, romelmac kulturuli <strong>da</strong> religiuri moRvaweobisTvis<strong>da</strong>arsa axali centri Lauder-Chabad kampusi, romelic moicavs skolasa<strong>da</strong> sinagogas.mokle istoria<strong>buxareli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong>s Temi SemTxveviT <strong>da</strong>ars<strong>da</strong>. arc maT ltolvasavstriisa an venisadmi, <strong>da</strong> arc veneli <strong>ebraelebi</strong>s <strong>da</strong>xmarebas aruTamaSia mniSvnelovani roli am faqtSi. sulac ara! is <strong>ebraelebi</strong>,romlebsac israelSi emigraciis neba <strong>da</strong>rTes, gasvlis nebarTvismiRebis xangrZlivi mcdelobis Semdeg gaemgzavrnen venis gavliT.vena iyo satranzito qalaqi. im <strong>buxareli</strong> ojaxebi<strong>da</strong>n, romlebic israelSiCavidnen 1971 w., zogierTi religiuri motivebiT xelmZRvanelob<strong>da</strong>,magram maT male aucruv<strong>da</strong>T guli `aRTqmul miwaze~. omisdros zogierTma buxarelma ojaxma xanmokle yofnis Semdeg <strong>da</strong>tovaisraeli: maT undo<strong>da</strong>T sakuTar saxlebSi <strong>da</strong>bruneba centraluraziaSi, taSkentSi, buxaraSi, biSkekSi, duSanbeSi <strong>da</strong> a.S. miuxe<strong>da</strong>va<strong>da</strong>misa, gzad ukan <strong>da</strong>brunebisas, <strong>venaSi</strong>, isini mixvdnen, rom aRar SeuSvebdnensabWoTa kavSirSi, ris gamoc moiTxoves TavSesafari. amitomTemis ZiriTad birTvs warmoadgenen isini, vinc pirvelma aRiaravena, rogorc axali saxli, mas Semdeg, rac warumatebeli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>sabWoTa kavSirSi <strong>da</strong>brunebis mcdeloba. mas mere, rac <strong>da</strong>iSala sab-WoTa kavSiri, 1980-ian wlebSi, Temi gaizar<strong>da</strong> bolo emigraciulitalRiT _ dRe sdReobiT <strong>buxareli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong> Seadgenen sididiTmeore <strong>da</strong> erT-erT sicocxlisunarian Tems “Israelitische Kultusgemeinde”-sfarglebSi.<strong>venaSi</strong> myofi sxva axalmosaxleebisgan gansxvavebiT, buxarelebiwarmoaCenen ojaxur konsoli<strong>da</strong>cias. amis mizezi, erTi mxriv, buxara-Si arsebuli ojaxis tradiciuli stuqturaa, <strong>da</strong> meore mxriv ki is,rom <strong>ebraelebi</strong> gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWeben ojaxs.
<strong>qarTveli</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>buxareli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong> <strong>venaSi</strong>565buxaruli tradiciebi, buxaruli kulturapiter pinxarovi wers <strong>ebraelebi</strong>s istoriis Sesaxeb: `msoflios uamravTems Soris aris erTi, romelic 2000 welze metia asrulebs <strong>da</strong>icavs Tavis religiur <strong>da</strong> erovnul Tvisebebs. am Temis <strong>ebraelebi</strong> avi-Tareben sakuTar individualur kulturas, Tan erTdrouladmWidrod misdeven ebraul principebs <strong>da</strong> swamT, rom erTxelac <strong>da</strong>brundebianisraelis miwaze. am ebraelebs ewodebaT <strong>buxareli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong>”.karga<strong>da</strong>a cnobili, rom buxaram (Semdgom mas ewo<strong>da</strong> transoqsania),romelic muslimebma <strong>da</strong>ipyres 709 w., miaRwia kulturul zenits amdroisaTvis. berhard luisi saubrobs me-9-11 ss. `islamur-ebraulkulturaze~ (ix. Kej<strong>da</strong> 1995:20). magram dro icvleba, me-20 saukunis<strong>da</strong>sawyisisTvis naTelia axlandeli faruli (ebrauli) kulturis saxecvlileba.rodesac pirveli <strong>buxareli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong> Cavidnen <strong>venaSi</strong>, adgilobrivmaebraelebma maT religiurad “aranamdvili” <strong>ebraelebi</strong>uwodes; amitom maTTvis aucilebeli iyo erTian ebraul TemSi gaer-Tianeba. grigor galibovis mixedviT, erT-erTma pirvelma emigrantebma<strong>da</strong> Zalian aqtiurebma Temis organizebaSi _ buxarulma Temmanabij-nabij ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita integraciis problema; dResdReobiT, maTevropis farglebSi sakuTari tradiciebisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis <strong>da</strong>cvis xangrZlivitradicia aqvT. isini yovelTvis cdilobdnen <strong>da</strong>rCeniliyvnenToras erTgulni <strong>da</strong> mieRoT evropuli cxovrebis wesi. galibovi amTemis ganviTarebaSi xe<strong>da</strong>vs centraluri aziis <strong>ebraelebi</strong>s axal “Galut”-s,axal diasporas centralur evropaSi (Galibov 2001: 15).kulturuli moRvaweoba naTlad warmoCindeba enasa <strong>da</strong> musikalurpraqtikaSi. sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva enebis gamoyenebis unari Temis sainteresosuraTs gvixatavs. Zveli Taobebi, romlebic didi xniT ar <strong>da</strong>rCenilanisraelSi, jer kidev saubroben “Tajikit”–ze _ Zvel sparsul dialeqtze(Kej<strong>da</strong> 1995: 165), magram yvelaze farTodgavrcelebuli enaa rusuli,romelsac, yvelaze cota, ori Taoba mainc iyenebs; axalgazrdebi swavlobengermanuls, romelic mniSvnelovania axali diasporis safuZvelisCasayrelad. bevri axalgazr<strong>da</strong> aseve saubrobs Hebrew–ze (TanamedroveivriTi ), imitom, rom zogierTs igi naswavli aqvs israelSixangrZlivi yofnis dros, zogi ki <strong>da</strong>eufla <strong>venaSi</strong>, upiratesad ebraulireligiisadmi miZRvnili gakveTilebis kursSi. musikaluri praqtikacmsgavs suraTs gviCvenebs. tradiciuli simRerebi `buxaruldialeqtSi~ (rogorc Temi uwodebs) warmodgenilia mxolod scenaze;Tanamedrove popularuli simRerebi <strong>da</strong>savluri gavlenebiT, Ziri-Ta<strong>da</strong>d, ritmisa <strong>da</strong> tembris sferoSi, karga<strong>da</strong>a cnobili, uyvars msmenels<strong>da</strong> aseve Seadgenen warmodgenebis mniSvnelovan nawils.kulturuli movlenebis organizebaam mokle gamokvlevis meSveobiT Cven <strong>da</strong>vadgineT, rom saganmana-Tleblo <strong>da</strong> kulturul moRvaweobaze, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, <strong>buxareli</strong><strong>ebraelebi</strong>s mxolod ori organizacia _ “Verein” <strong>da</strong> “Kongress” aris pa-
566ger<strong>da</strong> lexlaitneri <strong>da</strong> nona lomiZesuxismgebeli. “Verein” aris uZvelesi <strong>da</strong>wesebuleba, romlis mizaniabuxaruli Temisa <strong>da</strong> misi tradiciebis <strong>da</strong>cva. amavdroulad misi karebiRiaa sxva ebrauli jgufebisaTvis, multi-eTnikuri venuri mosaxleobisaTvis,sTavazobs ra kulturul codnas orive mxares: Temiswevrsac <strong>da</strong> arawevrsac. “Kongress”-i sami welia, rac warmoiqmna “Verein”-<strong>da</strong>n.igi fokusirebulia orive _ ebraul <strong>da</strong> buxarul religiurtradiciebze. aRsaniSnavia, rom “Kongress”-Si aqtiurad muSaoben axalgazr<strong>da</strong>buxarelebi. isini organizebas uweven movlenebs, romlebicyovelTvis iwyeba religiuri qa<strong>da</strong>gebiT, rasac mosdevs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvatipis garTobebi. leqciebis wasakiTxad iwveven cnobil rabinebs, aseveartistebs (metwilad israeli<strong>da</strong>n), romlebic warmoadgenen sakuTarprogramas.warmovadgenT sam mokle video klips, Cawerils or mniSvnelovandResaswaulTan _ Shawu’ot <strong>da</strong> Rosh Hashanah <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. pirveliaqalTa Teatris warmodgena, romelic Siga<strong>da</strong>Sig wydeba tradiciulisimRerebiT. meore nimuSi aseve warmogvidgens tradiciul leqsebstradiciuli dolis, barbiTis, <strong>da</strong>iris akompanementiT. axal buxarulsimRerebs ki ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d cnobili momRerlebi asruleben.<strong>da</strong>skvnebitradiciul warmodgenebs auditoria TavSekavebiT xvdeba, zogjerxalxi tovebs kidevac <strong>da</strong>rbazs; Tanamedrove musikas ki piriqiT_ enTuziazmiT ukraven taSs. SeiZleba, amis gamo vifiqroT, rom Tanamedrovegavlena Secvlis originalur tradicias manam, sanam igisabolood ar ga<strong>da</strong>Sendeba? kerZo saubrebSi gamoTqvamen mosazrebas,rom ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d axalgazr<strong>da</strong> Taoba iRebs mkacr zomebs tradiciebisSesanarCuneblad. “Kongress”-i atarebs buxaruli enis kursebs, raTaZveli simRerebis teqstebi mainc gaxdes gasagebi msmenelisTvis; isaseve awyobs Sexvedrebs ufrosebTan, sa<strong>da</strong>c swavloben am simRerebisSesrulebas. kiTxvaze, rogor aRiqvamen sakuTar Tavs <strong>buxareli</strong><strong>ebraelebi</strong>, Temis wevrebma TavianTi Tavi <strong>da</strong>axasiaTes, rogorc<strong>ebraelebi</strong>, mxolod specifikuri _ <strong>buxareli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong>. es gancxadebaxazs usvams buxarianizmis gansakuTrebul xarisxs, romelicasaxavs maT identurobas <strong>da</strong> romelsac SeiZleba ewodos mravalSedgenili(Sereuli) identuroba (Csáky 2004: 29) <strong>da</strong> moicavs maT mexsierebasdroisa <strong>da</strong> adgilis cvalebadobaSi. mexsierebis es orazovneba arisfenomeni, romelic xazs usvams am proeqtis ganmavlobaSi gakeTebuliaudiovizualuri Canawerebis Seswavlis Sedegad miRebul erT<strong>da</strong>skvnas _ identuroba arasodesaa statikuri <strong>da</strong> personaluri, praqtikulad_ arc am specifikur SemTxvevaSi, romelic tipuriadRevandel multi-eTnikur qalaqur gaerTianebaSi; piriqiT _ esprocesia. SesaZloa, Cven ufro kargad CavwvdebiT <strong>buxareli</strong><strong>ebraelebi</strong>s mexsierebas, Tu Tvals gavadevnebT maT grZel <strong>da</strong> cvalebadistorias: sazogadoebis mniSvnelovani wevrebi<strong>da</strong>n socialur
<strong>qarTveli</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>buxareli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong> <strong>venaSi</strong>567devnilebamde, ramac isini sakuTari warmomavlobis <strong>da</strong>farvamde miiyvana,rom ar eRiarebinaT sakuTari ebraeloba. emigraciis tkivilianigamocdilebisa <strong>da</strong> axali <strong>da</strong>sawyisis Semdeg isini axla ixseneben<strong>da</strong> ubrundebian TavianT fesvebs. is, rac maT am gzaze axsendebaT <strong>da</strong>mokidebuliasocialur mdgomareobaze <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia koleqtiurcnobierebasTan, rogorc uwodebs mas ksaki (2004: 29). procesiaxlac grZeldeba. Cvenc gavagrZelebT am proeqts, met movlenas, SexvedrasaTu gakveTils <strong>da</strong>vafiqsirebT, <strong>da</strong>vsvamT axal kiTxvebs kulturuliurTierTqmedebis axali aspeqtebis gamosavlenad <strong>da</strong> SevecdebiT,movZebnoT pasuxebi, musikis mniSvnelobis, misi mosmenisa<strong>da</strong> Seqmnis emociiT <strong>da</strong>badebuli grZnobebis gaTvaliswinebiT.qarTvel ebraelTa tradicia <strong>da</strong> kulturasakuTriv qarTvelebs Tu ar CavTvliT, <strong>ebraelebi</strong> erT-erTi pirvelieria, romelic saqarTvelos teritoriaze uZvelesi droi<strong>da</strong>n<strong>da</strong>saxl<strong>da</strong>. istoriuli cnobebiT, isini gansaxlebuli iyvnen saqarTvelosmTels teritoriaze, Tumca zogierT adgilas (Tbilisi, surami,samtredia, oni...) <strong>ebraelebi</strong> kompaqturad iyvnen <strong>da</strong>saxlebuli.1969wlis 6 agvistos qarTvel ebraelTa Tvrametma ojaxma gaerTianebulierebis organizacias mimarTa TxovniT, gavlena moexdinaT sabWo-Ta mTavrobaze, raTa maTTvis israelSi <strong>da</strong>brunebis neba <strong>da</strong>rToT. esiyo sabWoTa kavSirSi alias moZraobis pirveli dokumenti, romelicmsoflios farTo sazogadoebisaTvis gax<strong>da</strong> cnobili.1971-1972 wlebSi <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 2000 ojaxi aiyara saqarTvelo<strong>da</strong>n.pirveli <strong>qarTveli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong> Camovidnen <strong>venaSi</strong>, romelic saSualedopunqti iyo. Semdeg ki, nawili israelSi <strong>da</strong>saxl<strong>da</strong>, nawili amerikaSiwavi<strong>da</strong>. nawili ki avstriaSi <strong>da</strong>rCa <strong>da</strong> <strong>venaSi</strong> <strong>da</strong>saxl<strong>da</strong>.<strong>ebraelebi</strong> saqarTveloSi 26 saukunis manZilze cxovrobdnen. maTgaiTavises qarTuli kultura, qarTuli a<strong>da</strong>T-wesebi. rogor cxovroben,rogori tradicia aqvT qarTvel ebraelebs avstriaSi <strong>da</strong> raSeicvala maT kulturaSi? <strong>qarTveli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong> avstriaSi raodenobriva<strong>da</strong>rc ise bevrni arian, rogorc <strong>buxareli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong>. avstriaSiqarTvel ebraelTa <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 200 ojaxi cxovrobs, hyavT 1 an 2 bavSvi- esec qarTuli tradiciaa. saqarTveloSi iavnanas umRerodnenbavSvebs. aqac iavnanas umRerian Svilebs. Tumca zogierTi a<strong>da</strong>T-wesiicvleba. magaliTad, Tu adre ojaxSi <strong>da</strong>upatiJeblad mixvidodi(rogorc saqarTveloSi), Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan, droTa viTarebaSi yvelafersoficialuri forma mieca _ winaswari SeTanxmebis gareSe stumradver mixval; am axali wesis <strong>da</strong>cva gansakuTrebiT ufros Taobas uWirs.urTierTobis gasaadvileblad Semdegi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba miiRes: Saba-TobiT ufrosi Taobis qalbatonebi sadilis Semdeg sinagogaSi maT-Tvis specialurad gamoyofil oTaxSi ikribebian. modis rabinis coli,kiTxuloben nawyvetebs Zveli aRTqmi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> imarTeba diskusiebi,zogjer diskusiebi sxva Temebzec tardeba.
568dResaswaulebireligiuri dResaswaulebi ewyoba sinagogaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c specialurisadResaswaulo <strong>da</strong>rbazia gamoyofili. un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas, rom buxarel <strong>da</strong>qarTvel ebraelebs, gar<strong>da</strong> imisa, rom yofili sabWoTa kavSiri<strong>da</strong>narian <strong>da</strong> <strong>venaSi</strong> saerTo sinagoga aqvT, saerTo kulturul-sazogadoebriviinteresebi ar gaaCniaT. buxarelebi gacilebiT metni arian,SeZlebulnic <strong>da</strong> msoflioSic ufro Zlieri kavSirebi aqvT. <strong>qarTveli</strong><strong>da</strong> <strong>buxareli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong> saerTo RonisZiebebs ar atareben; erTger<strong>da</strong>lexlaitneri <strong>da</strong> nona lomiZe2003 wels <strong>venaSi</strong> Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> `qarTvel qalTa forumi~ (GeorgischesFrauen Forum,GFF), romlis prezidentia irma pani. forumis ZiriTadsaqmianobas Seadgens sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>rgis specialistebis miwveva <strong>da</strong>leqciebis Catareba, romlebic zogjer patara sakoncerto nomriTmTavrdeba. magaliTad, erT-erT leqciaze _`risTvis aris saWirosazRvrebi~ _ erT-erTma qarTvelma stumarma (leqciebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvaeris warmomadgeneli eswrebo<strong>da</strong>) spontanurad qarTuli simRera wamoiwyo<strong>da</strong> Semdeg, <strong>da</strong>mswreTa moTxovniT, kidev ramdenime qarTuli sim-Rera imRera. moewyo 8 martis saRamo. mowveulni iyvnen rogorc<strong>ebraelebi</strong>, aseve rusi, avstrieli stumrebi. saRamo koncertis fonzemimdinareob<strong>da</strong>. rusul, qarTul, ebrauli simRerebs asrulebdnen<strong>qarTveli</strong> <strong>da</strong> kazaki momReralebi.aRsaniSnavia qarTvel ebraelTa kidev erTi - `qarTul-ebraulisazogadoeba~, romelsac leo riJinaSvili xelmZRvanelobs. masveekuTvnis koSeruli restorani, romelSic qarTuli <strong>da</strong> ebrauli ker-Zebi mzaddeba.bavSvTa musikaluri ganaTlebaTbilisSi musikaluri ganaTleba sayovelTao, lamis savaldebuloiyo, gansakuTrebiT _ fortepianoze <strong>da</strong>kvra. avstriaSi Se<strong>da</strong>rebiTgvian iwyeba fortepianoze <strong>da</strong>kvris swavleba. gansxvavebulimdgomareobaa avstriaSi mcxovreb qarTvel ebraelTa Soris: maTimesame Taobis bavSvebi (maTi umetesoba 6 - 10 wlisaa) intensiurad euflebianfortepianoze <strong>da</strong>kvras, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d kerZo gakveTilebiT(rogorc avstriaSia miRebuli). bavSvTa mcire raodenoba swavlobsmusikalur skolaSi. qarTvel ebraelTa Sorisac popularulia rozagilkarovis skola (Jehuta Halwi). es yvelaferi, erTi mxriv, albaT, imiTaixsneba, rom avstriaSi musika ar iTvleba bavSvebisTvis savaldebulod,meore mxriv ki – asimilaciiT. mesame Taoba Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT asimilirebulia,fesvebi ufro gamyarebulia <strong>da</strong> <strong>qarTveli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong> Tavsuflebas aZleven, Zvel tradicias <strong>da</strong>ubrundnen.xsenebul gilkarovis skolaSi ramdenime Tvea, qarTuli cekvisgakveTilebic tardeba. `qarTvel qalTa forumma~ saqarTvelo<strong>da</strong>nmoiwvia <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>afinansa cekvis maswavlebeli, romelic ebrael bavSvebsqarTul cekvas aswavlis.
<strong>qarTveli</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>buxareli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong> <strong>venaSi</strong>569maneTis mipatiJebac ama Tu im RonisZiebaze naklebad xdeba.<strong>da</strong>badebis dRe, qorwili, Brit-Mila, Bat-Mitsva, Rosh-Hashana, axali weli,paseqi _ esaa qarTvel ebraelTa ZiriTadi dResaswaulebi.ra simRerebi sruldeba dResaswaulebze?saqarTveloSi <strong>qarTveli</strong> <strong>ebraelebi</strong> mxolod qarTul simRerebsusmendnen. am simRerebs usmenen axlac avstriaSi. rogorc isini amboben,`Zvel qarTul simRerebs~ Seemata ebrauli <strong>da</strong> avstriuli sim-Rerebi.yvela dResaswauli - iqneba es saero Tu religiuri, iwyeba ebraulisimReriT `hava nagila~ an israelis saxelmwifo himniT. mas mosdevsqarTuli popularuli simRerebi. xSirad qarTul simRerebSiqarTuli sityvebi ebrauli teqstiT icvleba <strong>da</strong> ase mRerian mTTvissayvarel qarTul simRerebs.qarTuli repertuari Seicavs qalaqur musikas (`Salaxo~, `janaia~).qarTuli simRerebis Semdeg erTmaneTs enacvleba ebrauli, qarTuli,rusuli <strong>da</strong> evropuli musika. ucilebelia, mTeli saRamos man-Zilze 2-3 ebrauli simRera Sesruldes. dResaswaulebi aucilebladmTavrdeba ebrauli saxelmwifo himniT. yvela _ stumar-maspinZelidgeba erT rigSi <strong>da</strong> ivriTze mRerian saxelmwifo himns.paseqis ojaxur dResaswaulze (Passach), ebrauli religiuri simRerebisruldeba. Tu vinmes instrumenti, magaliTad, fortepianoaqvs, misi TanxlebiT asruleben simRerebs. mRerian yovel saRamos, 8dRis ganmavlobaSi, roca mTeli ojaxi erTa<strong>da</strong>a Sekrebili.dResaswaulze, Tu ojaxi SeZlebulia, xSirad iwveven ansamblebsisraeli<strong>da</strong>n, an momRerlebs saqarTvelo<strong>da</strong>n. sxva SemTxvevaSi mowveuliaadgilobrivi momRerali an ansambli. sakmaod popularuliavenuri ansambli „Schalom Band“. ansamblis wevrebi arian <strong>qarTveli</strong>,<strong>buxareli</strong>, rusi <strong>ebraelebi</strong>. mRerian sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva enaze. mRerian qarTul,rusul, ebraul, avstriul, evropul simRerebs.<strong>da</strong>skvnaqarTvel ebraelebs buxarel ebraelebTan akavSirebs mxolod saer-To sinagoga <strong>venaSi</strong>. raime kulturuli kavSir-urTierToba maT argaaCniaT.qarTvel ebraelebSi ki saqarTveloSi miRebuli tradiciebi kvlavgrZeldeba: yalibdeba cekvis ansambli, ojaxSi usmenen qarTulsimRerebs, dResaswaulebze iwveven qarTvel momRerlebs. dResaswaulebzeimRereba igive repertuari, rac saqarTveloSi. repertuars<strong>da</strong>emata ebrauli saxelmwifo himni; agreTve evropuli repertuari,romelic gaTanamedrov<strong>da</strong>. yvela dResaswauli _ iqneba es saer-To Tu religiuri _ iwyeba ebrauli simReriT an israelis saxelmwifohimniT <strong>da</strong> mTavrdeba aucileblad israelis saxelmwifo himniT.Targmnes marika na<strong>da</strong>reiSvilma <strong>da</strong> nona lomiZem
Georgian and Bukharian Jews in Vienna577The Georgian traditions are still maintaine<strong>da</strong>) A <strong>da</strong>nce groupb) Georgian songs are listened to in homesc) Georgian singers are invited to festive occasionsOn Holi<strong>da</strong>ys the same repertoire is performed as in Georgia. The repertoire issupplemented by the Israeli State Anthem as well as a modernized European repertoire.All the holi<strong>da</strong>ys, both secular and religious begin with a Jewish song or the IsraeliState Anthem and are to be ended with the Israeli State Anthem.ReferencesBohlman, Philip V. (2005). Abraham Zvi Idelsohn and the Reorientation of Jewish MusicHistory. In: Schüller, Dietrich (ed.). Sound Documents from the Phonogrammarchiv of theAustrian Academy of Sciences. The Complete Historical Collections 1899-1950. TheCollection of Abraham Zvi idelsohn (1911-1913). Series 9. (pp. 18-51) Wien: Verlag derÖsterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Csáky, Moritz. (2004). Die Mehrdeutigkeit von Gedächtnis und Erinnerung. In: Kreis,Georg (ed.). Erinnern und Verarbeiten. Zur Schweiz in den Jahren 1933-1945.(pp.7-30)Basel: Schwabe Verlag.Galibov, Grigori. (2001). Die Geschichte der bucharischen Juden in Wien. (= Martischnig,Michael (ed.). Zeitzeugnisse 4). Wien: Österreichischer Kunst- und Kulturverlag.Kej<strong>da</strong>, Rosemarie. (1995). Die Buchara-Juden in Wien. Ehemalige Sowjetunion – Israel– Wien. Phil. Diss. an der natur- und geisteswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Wien.Seroussi, Edwin. (2005). The Content and Scope of Abraham Zvi Idelsohn’s Recordings”.In: Schüller, Dietrich (ed.). Sound Documents from the Phonogrammarchiv of theAustrian Academy of Sciences. The Complete Historical Collections 1899-1950. TheCollection of Abraham Zvi idelsohn (1911-1913). Series 9. (pp. 52-57) Wien: Verlag derÖsterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
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