bavshvis uflebebi

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3sarCevi12adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTaodeklaraciamiRebuli da gamocxadebulia generaluri asambleis217 A. (III) rezoluciiT, 1948 wlis 10 dekembersbavSvis uflebebis deklaraciagamocxadebulia generaluri asambleis1959 wlis 20 noembris 1386 (XIV) rezoluciiT3bavSvis uflebebis konvenciamiRebulia da Riaa xelmosawerad, saratifikaciod damisaerTeblad generaluri asambleis 1989 wlis 20noembris 44/25 rezoluciiTZalaSia 1990 wlis 2 seqtembridan, 49-e muxlisSesabamisad4a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze(dawyebiTi da saSualo skolebis damxmare praqtikulisaxelmZRvanelo)

4 bavSvis uflebebiadamianis uflebaTa sayovelTaodeklaraciamiRebuli da gamocxadebulia generaluri asambleis217 A. (III) rezoluciiT, 1948 wlis 10 dekemberspreambulavinaidan, adamianTa ojaxis yvela wevrisaTvis damaxasiaTebeliRirsebis Tanaswori da ganuyofeli uflebebis aRiareba warmoadgensTavisuflebis, samarTlianobisa da sayovelTao mSvidobissafuZvels,vinaidan, adamianis uflebaTa ugulebelyofam da abuCad agdebamgamoiwvia barbarosuli aqtebi, rac aRaSfoTebs kacobriobisrwmenas, da rom iseTi msoflios Seqmna, romelSic adamianebseqnebaT sityvisa da rwmenis Tavisufleba, da romelSicisini icxovreben SiSisa da gaWirvebis gareSe, gamocxadebuliaadamianTa maRal miswrafebad,vinaidan, aucilebelia adamianis uflebebs icavdes kanoni imisuzrunvelsayofad, raTa adamiani iZulebuli ar gaxdes mimar-Tos ajanyebas, rogorc tiraniisa da Cagvris winaaRmdeg ukanasknelsaSualebas,vinaidan, aucilebelia xelis Sewyoba xalxTa Soris megobrulurTierTobaTa ganviTarebisaTvis,vinaidan, gaerTianebuli erebis xalxebma wesdebaSi daadasturesTavianTi rwmena adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebisadmi, adamianispirovnebis Rirsebisa da Rirebulebis da mamakacisa daqalis Tanaswor uflebianobisadmi da gadawyvets xeli Seuwyonsocialur progressa da cxovrebis ukeTes dones metiTavisuflebis pirobebSi,

muxli 2winamdebare deklaraciiT gamocxadebuli yvela ufleba daTavisufleba miniWebuli unda hqondes yvela adamians ganurCevladraime gansxvavebisa rasis, kanis feris, sqesis, enis, religiis,politikuri Tu sxva mrwamsis, erovnuli Tu socialuriwarmomavlobis, qonebrivi, wodebrivi Tu sxva mdgomareobissafuZvelze.ufro metic, dauSvebelia raime gansxvaveba im qveynis Tu teritoriispolitikuri, samarTlebrivi an saerTaSoriso statuadamianisuflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciavinaidan wevrma saxelmwifoebma ikisres valdebuleba gaer-Tianebuli erebis organizaciasTan TanamSromlobaSi xeli Seuwyonadamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa sayovelTaopativiscemasa da dacvas,vinaidan, aseT uflebaTa sayovelTao gagebas udidesi mniSvnelobaaqvs am valdebulebis mTlianad SesrulebisaTvis,amitom,generaluri asambleaacxadebs adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracias, romlisSesrulebas unda eswrafvodes yvela xalxi da yvelasaxelmwifo, raTa yoveli adamiani da sazogadoebis yoveliorgano, mxedvelobaSi miiRebs ra am deklaracias, miiswrafvodesswavla-ganaTlebis meSveobiT xeli Seuwyos am uflebaTa daTavisuflebaTa pativiscemas da maTi sayovelTao da efeqturiaRiareba ganxorcielebis uzrunvelyofas erovnuli Tu saer-TaSoriso progresuli RonisZiebebiT rogorc organizaciis wevrsaxelmwifoTa, aseve am saxelmwifoebis iurisdiqcias daqvemdebarebulteritoriaTa xalxebSi.muxli 1yvela adamiani ibadeba Tavisufali da Tanaswori Tavisi RirsebiTada uflebebiT. maT momadlebuli aqvT goneba, sindisi daerTmaneTs Zmobis suliskveTebiT unda epyrobodnen.5

6 bavSvis uflebebisis safuZvelze, romelsac adamiani ekuTvnis, miuxedavad imisaes teritoria damoukidebeli, sameurveo, araTviTmmarTveli Tusxvagvarad SezRudulia Tavis suverenitetSi.muxli 3yovel adamians aqvs sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa da piradi xelSeuxeblobisufleba.muxli 4aravin ar unda imyofebodes monobaSi an ZalmomreobiTi mor-Cilebis mdgomareobaSi. yvela saxis monoba da monaTvaWrobaakrZalulia.muxli 5aravin ar unda daeqvemdebaros wamebas an sxva sastik, arahumanuran Rirsebis Semlaxav mopyrobas an sasjels.muxli 6yovel adamians, sadac unda imyofebodes, ufleba aqvs cnonmisi samarTalsubieqtoba.muxli 7yoveli adamiani Tanasworia kanonis winaSe da, ganurCevladraime gansxvavebisa, ufleba aqvs Tanabrad iyos daculi kanoniT.yovel adamians ufleba aqvs Tanabrad iyos daculi amdeklaraciis sawinaaRmdego nebismieri diskriminaciisagan daaseTi diskriminaciis yovelgvari waqezebisagan.muxli 8yovel adamians ufleba aqvs efeqturad aRadginos Tavisi uflebebikompetentur erovnul sasamarTloSi im SemTxvevaSi, rocadarRveulia misi konstituciuri Tu kanoniT miniWebuli Ziri-Tadi uflebebi.

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciamuxli 9aravin SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros TviTnebur dapatimrebas, daWerasan gaZevebas.muxli 10yovel adamians, mis ufleba-movaleobaTa da misTvis wayenebulsisxlis samarTlebriv braldebaTa gansazRvrisaTvis, sruliTanasworobis safuZvelze, ufleba aqvs, misi saqme sajarod dasamarTlianobis yvela moTxovnis dacviT ganixilos damoukidebelmada miukerZoebelma sasamarTlom.muxli 111. yovel adamians, romelsac bralad edeba danaSaulis Cadena,ufleba aqvs udanaSaulod iTvlebodes manam, sanam misidamnaSaveoba dadgenili ar iqneba kanonis Sesabamisad sasamarTlosmier, romlis drosac uzrunvelyofili iqneba dacvisyvela SesaZleblobiT.2. aravis SeiZleba msjavri daedos iseTi moqmedebis an umoqmedobisaTvis,romelic Cadenis momentSi ar warmoadgendadanaSauls erovnuli an saerTaSoriso samarTlis Sesabamisad.agreTve dauSvebelia imaze ufro mZime sasjelis dadeba,vidre gamoyenebuli iqneboda, danaSaulis Cadenis dros.muxli 12.aravin unda ganicados misi piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis,sacxovrebeli binisa da korespondenciis, aseve misi pativisada Rirsebis TviTneburi xelyofa. yovel adamians ufleba aqvsdaculi iyos kanonis mier aseTi Carevisa da xelyofisagan.muxli 131. yovel adamians aqvs nebismieri saxelmwifos farglebSi gadaadgilebisada sacxovreblis Tavisuflad arCevis ufleba.2. yovel adamians ufleba aqvs datovos nebismieri qveyana, maTSoris sakuTaric, da dabrundes Tavis qveyanaSi.7

8 bavSvis uflebebimuxli 141. yovel adamians ufleba aqvs devnis sawinaaRmdegod sxvaqveynebSi eZebos da isargeblos TavSesafriT.2. es ufleba ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes iseTi devniswinaaRmdeg, romlis safuZvels warmoadgens arapolitikuridanaSaulis, an iseTi qmedobis Cadena, romelic ewinaaRmdegebagaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis miznebsa da principebs.muxli 151. yovel adamians aqvs moqalaqeobis ufleba.2. aravis SeiZleba TviTneburad CamoerTvas moqalaqeoba anTavisi moqalaqeobis Secvlis ufleba.muxli 161. yovel srulwlovan mamakacsa da qals rasis, erovnebis anreligiis niSniT raime SezRudvis gareSe ufleba aqvs daqorwindesda Seqmnas ojaxi. isini sargebloben erTnairi uflebebiTSeuRlebis, qorwinebaSi yofnisa da ganqorwinebisdros.2. qorwineba SesaZlebelia mxolod orive meuRlis Tavisufalida sruli Tanxmobis safuZvelze.3. ojaxi sazogadoebis bunebrivi da ZiriTadi ujredia daufleba aqvs daculi iyos sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifosmier.muxli 171. yovel adamians ufleba aqvs flobdes qonebas rogorcdamoukideblad, ise sxvebTan erTad.2. aravis unda CamoerTvas misi qoneba TviTneburad.muxli 18yoveli adamiani sargeblobs azris, sindisisa da religiisTavisuflebiT; es ufleba moicavs sakuTari religiis an rwmenisSecvlis, sakuTari religiis an aRmsareblobis, rogorcdamoukideblad, aseve sxvebTan erTad sajarod an kerZod, moZRvre-

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciabis, RvTis msaxurebis da religiur an ritualur wes-CveulebaTaSesrulebis Tavisuflebas.muxli 19yoveli adamiani sargeblobs azrisa da gamoxatvis TavisuflebiT;es ufleba moicavs Tavisuflebas, daubrkolebladmisdevdes Tavis mrwamss da moiZios, miiRos da gaavrcelosinformacia da ideebi nebismieri saSualebiT, saxelmwifo sazRvrebismiuxedavad.muxli 201. yoveli adamiani sargeblobs mSvidobiani Sekrebebisa da asociaciebisTavisuflebiT.2. aravin SeiZleba aiZulon Sevides raime asociaciaSi.muxli 211. yovel adamians ufleba aqvs monawileobdes Tavisi qveynismarTva-gamgeobaSi uSualod, an Tavisuflad arCeuli warmomadgenlebismeSveobiT.2. yovel adamians ufleba aqvs Tanabar safuZvelze SevidesTavisi qveynis sajaro samsaxurSi.3. saxelmwifo xelisuflebis safuZvelia xalxis neba; es nebaunda gamoixatos periodul da samarTlian arCevnebSi, romlebicunda tardebodes sayovelTao da Tanaswori saarCevnouflebis safuZvelze, faruli kenWisyriT an sxva TanabarmniSvnelovani formebis meSveobiT, romlebic uzrunvelyofenxmis micemis Tavisuflebas.muxli 22yovel adamians, rogorc sazogadoebis wevrs, aqvs socialuridacvis ufleba da ufleba moaxdinos Tavisi Rirsebis Senar-Cuneba da Tavisi pirovnebis Tavisufali ganviTareba ekonomikur,socialur da kulturul dargSi erovnuli Zalisxmevisa dasaerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis meSveobiT da TiToeuli saxelmwifosstruqturisa da resursebis Sesabamisad.9

10 bavSvis uflebebimuxli 231. yovel adamians aqvs Sromis, samuSaos Tavisuflad arCevis,Sromis samarTliani da xelsayreli pirobebisa da umuSevrobisgandacvis ufleba.2. yovel adamians aqvs, diskriminaciis gareSe, Tanabari SromisTanabrad anazRaurebis ufleba.3. yovel adamians, romelic Sromobs, ufleba aqvs iRebdessamarTlian da damakmayofilebel gasamrjelos, romelicuzrunvelyofs Rirseul adamianur arsebobas TviTon mis-Tvis da misi ojaxisaTvis da romelsac, aucileblobisSemTxvevaSi, emateba socialuri uzrunvelyofis sxva saxsrebi.4. yovel adamians ufleba aqvs Seqmnas profesiuli kavSirebida Tavisi interesebis dasacavad Sevides profesiul gaer-TianebebSi.muxli 24yovel adamians aqvs dasvenebisa da Tavisufali drois gamoyenebisufleba samuSao dRis gonivruli SezRudvisa da periodulianazRaurebuli Svebulebis CaTvliT.muxli 251. yovel adamians ufleba aqvs qondes cxovrebis iseTi done,sakvebis, tansacmlis, binis, samedicino da saWiro socialurimomsaxurebis CaTvliT, romelic aucilebelia TviTonmisi da misi ojaxis janmrTelobisa da keTildReobis SesanarCuneblad,aseve ufleba aqvs uzrunvelyofili iyosumuSevrobis, avadmyofobis, invalidobis, qvrivobis, moxucebulobisan misgan damoukidebel garemoebaTa gamo arsebobissaSualebaTa dakargvis sxva SemTxvevaSi.2. dedoba da Cvili bavSvis yola iZleva gansakuTrebuli mzrunvelobisda daxmarebiT sargeblobis uflebas. yvela bavSvi,dabadebuli qorwinebaSi Tu qorwinebis gareSe, unda sargeblobdeserTnairi socialuri dacviT.

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia11muxli 261. yovel adamians aqvs ganaTlebis ufleba. ganaTleba ufasounda iyos sul mcire, dawyebiT da zogad doneze. dawyebi-Ti ganaTleba unda iyos savaldebulo. teqnikuri da profesiuliganaTleba unda iyos sayovelTaod xelmisawvdomi,umaRlesi ganaTleba ki erTnairad xelmisawvdomi yvelasaTvismaTi unaris Sesabamisad.2. ganaTleba mimarTuli unda iyos adamianis pirovnebis sruliganviTarebisa da adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTapativiscemis gaZlierebisaken. ganaTleba xels undauwyobdes yvela xalxis, yvela rasobrivi da religiurijgufis urTierTgagebas, Semwynareblobas, megobrobas dagaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis moRvaweobas mSvidobisSesanarCuneblad.3. mSoblebs aqvT TavianTi mcirewlovani SvilebisaTvis ganaTlebisarCevis prioriteti.muxli 271. yovel adamians ufleba aqvs Tavisuflad monawileobdessazogadoebis kulturul cxovrebaSi, tkbebodes xelovnebiT,monawileobdes samecniero progresSi da sargeblobdes misisikeTiT.2. yovel adamians ufleba aqvs daculi iyos misi moralurida materialuri interesebi, rogorc Sedegi im mecnieruli,literaturuli da mxatvruli naSromebisa, romelTaavtoric is aris.muxli 28yovel adamians aqvs iseTi socialuri da saerTaSoriso wesrigisufleba, romlis pirobebSic SesaZlebelia am deklaraciiTgansazRvrul uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa mTlianad ganxorcieleba.muxli 291. yovel adamians aqvs movaleobebi sazogadoebis winaSe, radganmxolod sazogadoebaSia SesaZlebeli misi pirovnebisTavisufali da sruli ganviTareba.

12 bavSvis uflebebi2. Tavis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa ganxorcielebisas yoveliadamiani unda ganicdides mxolod iseT SezRudvebs,rogoric kanoniTaa dadgenili mxolod im mizniT, raTauzrunvelyofil iqnes sxvebis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTajerovani aRiareba da pativiscema, da dakmayofildes zneobis,sazogadoebrivi wesrigisa da saerTo keTildReobissamarTliani moTxovnebi demokratiul sazogadoebaSi.3. am uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa ganxorcieleba araviTarSemTxvevaSi ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes gaerTianebuli erebisorganizaciis miznebsa da principebs.muxli 30am deklaraciaSi araferi ar unda ganimartos, rogorc romelimesaxelmwifosaTvis, pirTa jgufisa da calkeuli pirebisaTvisiseTi uflebis miniWeba romelic maTi saqmianobis anmoqmedebaTa Sedegad gamoiwvevs am deklaraciaSi CamoTvliluflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa mospobas.

13bavSvis uflebebis deklaraciagamocxadebulia generaluri asambleis1959 wlis 20 noembris 1386 (XIV) rezoluciiTpreambulavinaidan gaerTianebuli erebis xalxebma wesdebaSi daadasturesTavianTi rwmena adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebis, pirovnebisRirsebisa da Rirebulebisadmi da gadawyvites xeli Seuwyonsocialur progressa da cxovrebis ukeTesi donis miRwevasmeti Tavisuflebis pirobebSi,vinaidan gaerTianebulma erebma adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTaodeklaraciiT gamoacxada, rom masSi moxseniebuli yvela uflebiTada TavisuflebiT sargeblobs nebismieri adamiani, ganurCevladgansxvavebisa, rasis, kanis feris, sqesis, enis, religiis, politikuriTu sxva mrwamsis, erovnuli Tu socialuri warmomavlobis,qonebrivi, wodebrivi Tu sxva mdgomareobis safuZvelze,vinaidan bavSvi, misi fizikuri da gonebrivi moumwifeblobisgamo, saWiroebs gansakuTrebul dacvasa da mzrunvelobas, SesabamisisamarTlebrivi dacvis CaTvliT, rogorc dabadebamde,ise dabadebis Semdgom,vinaidan gansakuTrebuli dacvis aucilebloba gamocxadebuliqna bavSvis uflebebis Jenevis 1924 wlis deklaraciiT daaRiarebulia adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciiTa daim specializebuli dawesebulebebisa da saerTaSoriso organizaciebiswesdebebiT, romelTa mizania bavSvis keTildReobazezrunva,

14 bavSvis uflebebivinaidan, kacobrioba bavSvs aZlevs yovelive saukeTesos, racgaaCnia,amitomgeneraluri asambleaacxadebs bavSvis uflebaTa am deklaracias, raTa mas hqondesbednieri bavSvoba da sakuTari da sazogadoebis keTildReobisaTvisgamoiyenos aq gamocxadebuli yvela ufleba da Tavisufleba,da mouwodebs mSoblebs, orive sqesis adamianebs, organizaciebs,adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebsa da erovnulmTavrobebs aRiaron da daicvan es uflebebi sakanonmdeblo dasxva saSualebebis TandaTanobiTi miRebiT qvemoT CamoTvliliprincipebis Sesabamisad:principi 1bavSvs unda hqondes am deklaraciiT gamocxadebuli yvela ufleba.TiToeuli bavSvi aRWurvilia am uflebebiT misi an misi ojaxis wevrebiskanis feris, sqesis, enis, religiis, politikuri Tu sxva mrwamsis,erovnuli Tu socialuri warmoSobis, qonebrivi, wodebrivi Tu sxvamdgomareobis safuZvelze raime gansxvavebis an diskriminaciis an raimegamonaklisis gareSe.principi 2bavSvi eqvemdebareba gansakuTrebul dacvas. saWiroa sakanonmdebloda sxva Sesabamisi gzebis moZieba, raTa bavSvs mieces Sesa-Zlebloba da saSualebebi ganviTardes fizikurad, gonebrivad,moralurad, sulierad da socialurad jansaRi da misaRebi formiT,Tavisuflebisa da pativiscemis atmosferoSi.principi 3bavSvi dabadebidanve aRWurvilia saxelisa da erovnebis qonisuflebiT.principi 4bavSvi unda iyos socialurad daculi. mas aqvs jansaR garemoSiaRzrdisa da ganviTarebis ufleba; am mizniT, rogorc bavSvi, ise

avSvis uflebebis deklaracia15deda uzrunvelyofili unda iyos gansakuTrebuli mzrunvelobi-Ta da dacviT rogorc bavSvis dabadebamde, ise misi dabadebisSemdgom periodSi. bavSvs aqvs saTanado kvebis, sacxovreblis,dasvenebisa da samedicino momsaxurebis miRebis ufleba.principi 5fizikurad, gonebrivad an socialurad arasrulfasovani bavSviaRWurvilia misi mdgomareobis Sesaferisi gansakuTrebuli mopyrobis,ganaTlebisa da mzrunvelobis miRebis uflebiT.principi 6bavSvi misi pirovnebis sruli da harmoniuli ganviTarebisaTvissaWiroebs siyvarulsa da gagebas. igi, ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia,unda izrdebodes mSoblebis yuradRebisa da pasuxismgeblobisqveS da nebismier SemTxvevaSi siyvarulisa da moraluri damaterialuri dacvis atmosferoSi; mcirewlovani bavSvi, gansakuTrebuligaremoebebis garda, ar unda iqnas dedisagan daSorebuli.sazogadoebasa da saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebs evalebaTojaxisa da saarsebo saSualebebis gareSe darCenil bavSvebzezrunva. saxelmwifos mxridan sasurvelia mravalSviliani ojaxebisaTvisfinansuri da sxvagvari daxmarebis aRmoCena.principi 7bavSvs aqvs ganaTlebis miRebis ufleba, romelic dawyebiT donezemainc ufaso da savaldebulo unda iyos. ganaTlebam xeli undaSeuwyos bavSvis zogadi kulturis donis amaRlebas, TanabariSesaZleblobebis pirobebSi misi unaris, masSi damoukidebeliazrovnebisa da moraluri da socialuri pasuxismgeblobis grZnobisganviTarebas, raTa igi aqcios sazogadoebis srulfasovan wevrad.bavSvis saukeTeso interesebi mis aRzrdasa da ganaTlebaze pasuxismgebeliyvela pirisaTvis saxelmZRvanelo principia; espasuxismgebloba, upirveles yovlisa, ekisrebaT mSoblebs.bavSvs aqvs TamaSisa da dasvenebis ufleba, romelic mimarTuliunda iyos imave miznis ganxorcielebisaken, rasac isaxavs misiganaTleba; sazogadoebam da saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebmaam uflebis ganxorcielebisaken unda mimarTon TavianTi Zalisxmeva.

16 bavSvis uflebebiprincipi 8bavSvi nebismier garemoebaSi pirveli iRebs dacvasa da daxmarebas.principi 9bavSvi daculi unda iyos ugulebelyofis, sastiki mopyrobisa daeqspluataciisagan. igi ar SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros raime formisiZulebiT daqiravebul Sromas.ar SeiZleba bavSvis Sromis gamoyeneba, sanam igi Sesabamis minimalurasaks ar miaRwevs; ar SeiZleba bavSvis iZuleba an misTvisnebis darTva daikavos adgili an eweodes SromiT saqmianobas,romelic mis janmrTelobaze an ganaTlebaze uaryofiTad moqmedebsan xels uSlis mis fizikur, gonebriv an moralurganviTarebas.principi 10bavSvi daculi unda iyos iseTi Cveulebebis gavlenisagan, romlebicaRvivebs rasobriv, religiur da sxva formis diskriminacias.igi unda izrdebodes urTierTgagebis, Semwynareblobis, xalxTaSoris mSvidobisa da sayovelTao Zmobis suliskveTebiT, sruligacnobierebiT, rom misi energia da niWi eZRvneba Tanamedroveobissamsaxurs.

17bavSvis uflebebis konvenciamiRebulia da Riaa xelmosawerad, saratifikaciod damisaerTeblad generaluri asambleis 1989 wlis 20 noembris44/25 rezoluciiTZalaSia 1990 wlis 2 seqtembridan,49-e muxlis Sesabamisadpreambulawinamdebare konvenciis monawile saxelmwifoebimiiCneven ra, rom gaerTianebuli erebis wesdebiT gamocxadebuliprincipebis Sesabamisad, kacobriobis yvela wevris TandayoliliRirsebisa da Tanabari da ganuyofeli uflebebis aRiarebamsoflioSi Tavisuflebis, samarTlianobisa da mSvidobisdamyarebis safuZvelia,mxedvelobaSi iReben ra, rom gaerTianebuli erebis xalxebmawesdebiT kidev erTxel daadastures TavianTi erTguleba adamianisZiriTadi uflebebis, misi pativisa da Rirsebisadmi damiznad daisaxes socialuri progresisa da cxovrebis ukeTesistandartebis SeqmnisaTvis xelis Sewyoba sayovelTao TavisuflebispirobebSi,aRiareben ra, rom gaerTianebulma erebma adamianis uflebebissayovelTao deklaraciiTa da saerTaSoriso paqtebiT gamoacxadada daadastura, rom yvela adamians aqvs zemoaRniSnulidokumentebiT aRiarebuli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, ganurCevladrasis, kanis feris, sqesis, enis, religiis, politikuri ansxva Sexedulebis, erovnuli an socialuri warmoSobis, sakuTrebis,dabadebis an sxva statusisa,Seaxseneben ra, rom adamianis uflebebis sayovelTao deklaraciiTgaerTianebulma erebma aRiara bavSvis ufleba sargeblobdesgansakuTrebuli zrunviTa da daxmarebiT,

18 bavSvis uflebebidarwmunebulni arian ra, rom ojaxi, rogorc sazogadoebisZiriTadi ujredi, da misi TiToeuli wevris, gansakuTrebiTbavSvebis, aRzrdisa da keTildReobis bunebrivi garemo undasargeblobdes aucilebeli dacviTa da daxmarebiT, raTa sruladikisros Tavisi valdebulebebi sazogadoebis winaSe,aRiareben ra, rom bavSvi misi pirovnebis sruli da harmoniuliganviTarebisaTvis unda aRizardos ojaxur garemoSi, bednierebis,siyvarulisa da urTierTgagebis atmosferoSi,miiCneven ra, rom bavSvi srulyofilad unda iyos momzadebulisazogadoebaSi damoukidebeli cxovrebisaTvis da aRizardosgaerTianebuli erebis wesdebiT aRiarebuli idealebis,gansakuTrebiT mSvidobis, adamianis Rirsebis pativiscemis, Semwynareblobis,Tavisuflebis, Tanasworobisa da solidarobissuliskveTebiT,mxedvelobaSi iReben ra, rom bavSvisadmi gansakuTrebulizrunvis gafarToebis aucilebloba gaTvaliswinebulia bavSvisuflebebis Jenevis 1924 wlis deklaraciiT, 1959 wlis 20noembers generaluri asambleis mier miRebuli bavSvis uflebebisdeklaraciiT da aRiarebulia adamianis uflebebis sayovelTaodeklaraciiT, samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebissaerTaSoriso paqtiT (kerZod, misi 23-e da 24-e muxlebiT),ekonomikuri, socialur da kulturuli uflebebis saerTa-Soriso paqtiT (kerZod, misi me-10 muxliT), agreTve, bavSvTakeTildReobis sakiTxebze momuSave specializirebuli dawesebulebebisada saerTaSoriso organizaciebis Sesabamisi dokumentebiT,mxedvelobaSi iReben ra bavSvis uflebebis deklaraciismiTiTebas, rom "bavSvs, misi fizikuri da gonebrivi moumwifeblobisgamo, esaWiroeba specialuri dacva da zrunva, SesabamisisamarTlebrivi dacvis CaTvliT, rogorc dabadebamde, isedabadebis Semdeg",Seaxseneben ra deklaraciis debulebebs im socialuri dasamarTlebrivi principebis Sesaxeb, romlebic dakavSirebuliabavSvis dacvasa da keTildReobasTan, gansakuTrebiT erovnul

avSvis uflebebis konvencia19da saerTaSoriso doneze bavSvTa aRsazrdelad gadacemisa daSvilad ayvanisas; gaerTianebuli erebis mier dawesebul arasrulwlovanTamimarT marTlmsajulebis aRsrulebis standartulminimalur wesebs ("pekinis wesebi"); deklaracias sagangebomdgomareobisa da SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros qalTa dabavSvTa dacvis Sesaxeb,aRiareben ra, rom msoflios yvela qveyanaSi arian bavSvebi,romlebic cxovroben gansakuTrebiT rTul pirobebSi da romaseTi bavSvebi saWiroeben gansakuTrebul yuradRebas,saTanadod iTvaliswineben ra yvela xalxis tradiciebsada kulturuli faseulobebis mniSvnelobas bavSvis dacvisa daharmoniuli ganviTarebisaTvis,aRiareben ra yvela, gansakuTrebiT ki ganviTarebad qveynebSi,bavSvTa cxovrebis pirobebis gaumjobesebisaTvis saerTaSorisoTanamSromlobis mniSvnelobas,SeTanxmdnen Semdegze:nawili Imuxli 1am konvenciis miznebisaTvis, bavSvad iTvleba 18 wlamde asakisyvela adamiani, Tu im kanoniT, romelic bavSvze vrceldeba,srulwlovanebis ufro adreuli asaki ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli.muxli 21. monawile saxelmwifoebi, TavianTi iurisdiqciis fargleb-Si, pativs scemen da uzrunvelyofen TiToeuli bavSvis amkonvenciiT aRiarebul uflebebs, bavSvis, misi mSoblebis anmeurvis rasobrivi kuTvnilebis, kanis feris, sqesis, enis,religiis, politikuri Tu sxva Sexedulebebis, erovnuli,eTnikuri an socialuri warmoSobis, sakuTrebis, Sromisuunarobis,dabadebis an sxva niSniT diskriminaciis gareSe.

20 bavSvis uflebebi2. monawile saxelmwifoebma unda miiRon Sesabamisi zomebi,raTa uzrunvelyon bavSvis dacva diskriminaciisa da sasjelisnebismieri formisagan, romelic ukavSirdeba bavSvis,misi mSoblebis, an kanonieri meurvis, an ojaxis sxva wevr-Ta statuss, saqmianobas, gamoTqmul azrebs an rwmenas.muxli 31. bavSvis mimarT nebismier qmedebaTa ganxorcielebisas, miuxedavadimisa, Tu vin aris - ganmxorcielebeli - socialuriuzrunvelyofis saxelmwifo Tu kerZo dawesebuleba,sasamarTlo, administraciuli Tu sakanonmdeblo organo -upiratesoba eniWeba bavSvis interesebs.2. monawile saxelmwifoebi kisruloben valdebulebas uzrunvelyonbavSvi misi keTildReobisaTvis aucilebeli dacviTada mzrunvelobiT, bavSvis mSoblebis, kanonieri meurveebisan sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlebis uflebebisa da movaleobebisgaTvaliswinebiT da am mizniT gaataron Sesabamisisakanonmdeblo da administraciuli zomebi.3. monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen bavSvze zrunvisada misi dacvisaTvis gankuTvnili dawesebulebebis, momsaxurebisada saSualebebis Sesabamisobas uflebamosili organoebismier dawesebul standartebTan, gansakuTrebiTuSiSroebisa da janmrTelobis dacvis sferoSi maTi momsaxurepersonalis ricxvisa da Sesabamisobis iseve, rogorckompetenturi zedamxedvelobis niSniT.muxli 4monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben yvela Sesabamis sakanonmdeblo,administraciul da sxva zomas am konvenciiT aRiarebuli uflebebisgansaxorcieleblad. ekonomikur, socialur da kulturuluflebaTa realizaciisaTvis monawile saxelmwifoebi aseTzomebs iReben maT xelT arsebuli resursebis maqsimalurigamoyenebiT, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi ki - saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobisfarglebSi.

muxli 81. monawile saxelmwifoebi kisruloben valdebulebas pativiscen bavSvis uflebas kanonis Sesabamisad, SeinarCunos Tavisipirovnuloba, moqalaqeobis, saxelisa da ojaxuri kavSirebisCaTvliT, ukanono Carevis gareSe.2. Tu bavSvs ukanonod erTmeva misi pirovnebis damadasturebeliyvela an calkeuli elementi, monawile saxelmwifoebbavSvisuflebebis konvencia21muxli 5monawile saxelmwifoebi pativs scemen mSoblebis an Sesabamisadadgilobrivi tradiciis mixedviT didi ojaxis an Temiswevrebis, kanonieri meurveebis an sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlebispasuxismgeblobas, uflebebsa da movaleobebs, bavSvisganviTarebis Sesabamisad uxelmZRvanelon mis mier am konvenciiTaRiarebuli uflebebis ganxorcielebas.muxli 61. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben, rom TiToeul bavSvsaqvs sicocxlis Tandayolili ufleba.2. monawile saxelmwifoebi, SeZlebisdagvarad, maqsimaluraduzrunvelyofen bavSvis sicocxlis SenarCunebasa da jansaRganviTarebas.muxli 71. bavSvi registracias gadis dabadebisTanave da mas dabadebidanvegaaCnia ufleba hqondes saxeli da SeiZinos moqalaqeoba,agreTve, ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia - uflebaicnobdes mSoblebs da garemosili iyos maTi mzrunvelobiT.2. monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen am uflebebis ganxorcielebassakuTari kanonmdeblobisa da am sferoSi arsebulisaerTaSoriso dokumentebiT nakisri valdebulebebisSesabamisad, gansakuTrebiT, Tu bavSvi sxvagvarad rCebamoqalaqeobis gareSe.

22 bavSvis uflebebima, misi pirovnulobis xelaxla aRdgenis mizniT, unda uzrunvelyonigi Sesabamisi daxmarebiTa da dacviT.muxli 91. monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen, rom bavSvi ardaSordes Tavis mSoblebs misi survilis winaaRmdeg, gardaim SemTxvevebisa, roca uflebamosili organoebi, Sesabamisikanonisa da proceduruli normebis safuZvelze gadawyveten,rom aseTi daSoreba aucilebelia bavSvis interesebisaTvis.aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba eqvemdebareba sasamarTlowesiT gasaCivrebas. misi miReba SeiZleba aucilebeligaxdes iseT SemTxvevebSi, roca mSoblebi sastikad epyrobianbavSvs, an ar zrunaven masze, an, roca mSoblebi cxovrobencal-calke da aucilebelia bavSvis sacxovrebeliadgilis gansazRvra.2. am muxlis pirveli punqtis Sesabamisad da saqmis ganxilvismimdinareobisas dainteresebul mxareebs unda mieceT masSimonawileobisa da sakuTari azris gamoTqmis SesaZlebloba.3. monawile saxelmwifoebi pativs scemen erT an orive mSobelsdaSorebuli bavSvis uflebas SeinarCunos piradiurTierTobebi da hqondes pirdapiri kontaqti orive mSobelTan,Tu es ar ewinaaRmdegeba bavSvis interesebs.4. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aseTi daSoreba gamowveulia monawilesaxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli iseTi qmedebiT, rogoricaa,erTi an orive mSoblis an bavSvis dakaveba, dapatimreba,gasaxleba, deportacia an sikvdili (sikvdilis mizezismiuxedavad, roca piri dakavebulia), monawile saxelmwifomaseT mSoblebs, bavSvs an Sesabamis SemTxvevaSi - ojaxissxva wevrs, maTi Txovnis safuZvelze, unda miawodosaucilebeli informacia ojaxidan wasuli wevris/wevrebisadgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb, Tu aseTi informaciis gacemazians ar ayenebs bavSvis keTildReobas. monawile saxelmwifoebmaSemdgomSi unda uzrunvelyon, rom aseTma moTxovnam,Tavis mxriv, ar gamoiwvios Sesabamisi pirisaTvis(pirebisaTvis) arasasurveli Sedegebi.

muxli 121. monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen sakuTari azrisgamoxatvis unaris mqone bavSvis uflebas Tavisuflad gamoTqbavSvisuflebebis konvencia23muxli 101. monawile saxelmwifoebma, maT mier me-9 muxlis pirvelipunqtiT nakisri valdebulebebis Sesabamisad, bavSvis anmisi mSoblebis gancxadeba ojaxis gamTlianebis mizniT maTteritoriaze Sesvlis an iqidan gasvlis Taobaze unda ganixilonpozitiurad, humanurad da operatiulad. monawilesaxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon, rom aRniSnuli Txovniswardgenas ganmcxadeblis an misi ojaxis wevrebisaTvisar mohyves arasasurveli Sedegi.2. bavSvs, romlis mSoblebic sxvadasxva saxelmwifoTa rezidentebiarian, ufleba aqvs SeinarCunos regularuli piradiurTierTobebi da pirdapiri kontaqti orive mSobelTan.am mizniT da me-9 muxlis pirveli punqtiT nakisri valdebulebisSesabamisad, monawile saxelmwifoebi pativs scemenbavSvisa da misi mSoblebis uflebas datovon nebismieriqveyana, sakuTari qveynis CaTvliT, da dabrundnen TavianTqveyanaSi. nebismieri qveynis datovebis ufleba eqvemdebarebamxolod iseT SezRudvebs, romlebic gaTvaliswinebuliakanoniT da aucilebelia saxelmwifo uSiSroebis, sazogadoebriviwesrigis, mosaxleobis janmrTelobis, an zneobis,an sxva pirTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dasacavad daSeTavsebadia am konvenciiT aRiarebul sxva uflebebTan.muxli 111. monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben zomebs bavSvTa ukanonodgadaadgilebis an sazRvargareT maTi ukanonod datovebiswinaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad.2. am mizniT, monawile saxelmwifoebi xels uwyoben ormxrivian mravalmxrivi SeTanxmebebis dadebas an moqmed SeTanxmebebTanmierTebas.

24 bavSvis uflebebivas es azri nebismier sakiTxze, romelic mas exeba. amasTan,bavSvis azri fasdeba misi asakisa da simwifis Sesabamisad.2. am mizniT, bavSvs eZleva SesaZlebloba mousminon sasamarTloTu administraciuli wesiT masTan dakavSirebuli nebismierisaqmis ganxilvisas rogorc uSualod, aseve warmomadgenlisan Sesabamisi organos meSveobiT da erovnulikanonmdeblobis procesualuri normebiT gaTvaliswinebuliwesiT.muxli 131. bavSvs aqvs azris gamoxatvis Tavisufleba; es ufleba moicavsnebismieri saxis informaciisa da ideebis Ziebis, miRebisada gavrcelebis Tavisuflebas, rogorc zepirad, ise werilobiTan beWdviT, xelovnebis nawarmoebis an raime sxvasaSualebiT, bavSvis arCevanis Sesabamisad.2. am uflebis ganxorcieleba SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros gansazRvrulSezRudvebs, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia kanoniTda aucilebelia:(a) sxva pirTa uflebebisa da reputaciis pativiscemis; an(b) saxelmwifo uSiSroebis, an sazogadoebrivi wesrigis, anmosaxleobis janmrTelobis, an zneobis dacvisaTvis.muxli 141. monawile saxelmwifoebi pativs scemen bavSvis azris, sindisisada religiis Tavisuflebas.2. monawile saxelmwifoebi pativs scemen mSoblebis da SesabamisSemTxvevaSi - kanonieri meurveebis uflebebsa da movaleobebsbavSvis ganviTarebis unaris gaTvaliswinebiT uxelmZRvanelonmis mier sakuTari uflebebis ganxorcielebas.3. religiuri aRmsareblobis an rwmenis Tavisufleba SeiZlebadaeqvemdebaros mxolod im SezRudvebs, romlebic dadgeniliakanoniT da aucilebelia saxelmwifo uSiSroebis,sazogadoebrivi wesrigis, janmrTelobis an zneobis, an sxvapirTa ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dasacavad.

muxli 17monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben masobrivi informaciis sa-Sualebebis mniSvnelovan rols da uzrunvelyofen bavSvisaTvissxvadasxva erovnuli da saerTaSoriso wyaroebiT gavrcelebuliinformaciisa da masalebis xelmisawvdomobas, gansakuTrebiTiseTi informaciisa da masalebis, romlebic mimarTuliamisi socialuri, sulieri da moraluri keTildReobis, agreTvejansaRi fizikuri da gonebrivi ganviTarebis xelSewyobisaken.am mizniT, monawile saxelmwifoebi:(a) axdenen masobrivi informaciis saSualebebiT im informaciisada masalebis gavrcelebis waxalisebas, romlebic sasargebloabavSvis socialuri da kulturuli ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiTda Seesabameba 29-e muxlis suliskveTebas;(b) axdenen saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis waxalisebas sxvadasxvakulturuli, erovnuli da saerTaSoriso wyaroebavSvisuflebebis konvencia25muxli 151. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben bavSvis uflebas sargeblobdesasociaciebis Seqmnisa da mSvidobiani SekrebebisTavisuflebiT.2. mocemuli uflebis ganxorcielebis mimarT ar SeiZlebadawesdes raime SezRudva im SezRudvebis garda, romlebicgaTvaliswinebulia kanoniT da aucilebelia demokratiulsazogadoebaSi saxelmwifo uSiSroebis an sazogadoebriviusafrTxoebis, sazogadoebrivi wesrigis, sazogadoebrivijanmrTelobis, an zneobis, an sxva pirTa uflebebisa daTavisuflebebis dacvis interesebisaTvis.muxli 161. arc erTma bavSvma ar unda ganicados misi piradi da ojaxuricxovrebis, sacxovrebeli binisa da korespondenciisaseve misi pativisa da Rirsebis TviTneburi an ukanonoxelyofa.2. bavSvs ufleba aqvs daculi iyos kanoniT aseTi Carevisa daxelyofisagan.

26 bavSvis uflebebibidan mopovebuli aseTi informaciisa da masalebis momzadebis,gacvlisa da gavrcelebis mizniT;(c) axdenen sabavSvo literaturis gamocemisa da gavrcelebiswaxalisebas;(d) axdenen masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis waxalisebas,raTa maT gansakuTrebuli yuradReba dauTmon im bavSvisenobriv moTxovnilebebs, romelic miekuTvneba umciresobisromelime jgufs an mkvidr mosaxleobas;(e) axdenen im saxis informaciisa da masalebisagan bavSvisdacvis saTanado principebis SemuSavebis waxalisebas, romlebicsazianoa misi keTildReobisaTvis, me-13 da me-18muxlebis debulebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT.muxli 181. monawile saxelmwifoebi bavSvis aRzrdasa da ganviTarebasTandakavSirebiT mimarTaven yovelgvar Zalisxmevas orivemSoblis saerTo pasuxismgeblobis principis aRiarebisuzrunvelyofisaTvis. mSoblebs an Sesabamis SemTxvevaSi -kanonier meurveebs,ekisrebaT pirdapiri pasuxismgeblobabavSvis aRzrdasa da ganviTarebaze. bavSvis saukeTeso interesebiwarmoadgens maTi ZiriTadi zrunvis sagans.2. am konvenciiT aRiarebuli uflebebis ganxorcielebis sa-Tanado garantiis Seqmnisa da waxalisebisaTvis monawilesaxelmwifoebi Sesabamis daxmarebas uweven mSoblebs dakanonier meurveebs bavSvis aRzrdasTan dakavSirebuli movaleobebisganxorcielebaSi da uzrunvelyofen im dawesebulebebis,saSualebebisa da momsaxurebis ganviTarebas,romelTa mizania bavSvze zrunva.3. monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben Sesabamis zomebs imis uzrunvelsayofad,rom bavSvebs, romelTa mSoblebic muSaoben,ufleba hqondeT isargeblon Sesabamisi aRmzrdelobiTidawesebulebebis momsaxurebiTa da saSualebebiT.muxli 191. monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben Sesabamis sakanonmdeblo,

muxli 21monawile saxelmwifoebi, sadac aRiarebulia da/an nebadarTubavSvisuflebebis konvencia27administraciul, socialur da saganmanaTleblo zomebsmSoblebis, kanonieri meurveebis an bavSvze mzrunveli nebismierisxva piris mxridan ganxorcielebuli fizikuri dafsiqikuri Zaladobis, zianis miyenebis an Seuracxyofis,maT Soris sqesobrivi Zaladobis, uyuradRebo, daudevarida cudi mopyrobis an eqspluataciisagan bavSvis dasacavad.2. dacvis aseTi RonisZiebebi aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi moicavsefeqtur procedurebs socialuri programebis SemuSavebisaTvisim mizniT, raTa aucilebeli mxardaWera aRmouCinonbavSvs da im pirebs, vinc masze zrunavs, agreTve xeliSeuwyon bavSvTa mimarT arasaTanado mopyrobis zemoaRniSnuligamovlinebebis Tavidan acilebis, winaswari gamomJRavnebis,Setyobinebis, gansaxilvelad gadacemis, gamoZiebis, mkurnalobisda sxva RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas, aucileblobisSemTxvevaSi ki - sasamarTlo procesis aRZvras.muxli 201. bavSvs, romelic droebiT an mudmivad moklebulia ojaxurgaremos anda misive saukeTeso interesebidan gamomdinare,ar SeiZleba darCes aseT garemoSi, ufleba aqvs sargeblobdessaxelmwifos gansakuTrebuli mfarvelobiTa da daxmarebiT.2. monawile saxelmwifoebi TavianTi kanonmdeblobis fargleb-Si uzrunvelyofen aseTi bavSvisTvis mzrunvelobis alternatiuliformis gamoZebnas.3. aseTi mzrunveloba SeiZleba gulisxmobdes, bavSvis aRsazrdeladgadacemas, "kafalahs" islamuri samarTlis mixedviT,Svilad ayvanas an aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, aRmzrdelobiTdawesebulebaSi moTavsebas. bavSvis aRzrdis alternatiuliformis SerCevisas aucilebelia saTanado yuradRebamieqces bavSvis aRzrdis procesis uwyvetobas dabavSvis eTnikur, religiur, kulturul da lingvisturwarmomavlobas.

28 bavSvis uflebebilia Svilad ayvanis institutis arseboba, uzrunvelyofen, rombavSvis saukeTeso interesebs mieniWos upiratesi mniSvneloba.am mizniT, isini:(a) uzrunvelyofen, rom bavSvis Svilad ayvanis nebarTvas iZleodnenmxolod saTanado uflebamosilebis mqone organoebi,romlebic am sferoSi arsebuli kanonmdeblobisa daprocedurebis Sesabamisad da saqmesTan dakavSirebuli sarwmunoinformaciis safuZvelze, miiReben gadawyvetilebasSvilad ayvanis dasaSvebobis Taobaze mSoblebTan, naTesavebsada kanonier meurveebTan mimarTebaSi, bavSvis statusisgaTvaliswinebiT da saTanado moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi gansazRvravendainteresebuli pirebis mier saTanado rCevismiRebis safuZvelze gacemuli Tanxmobis informirebulobas.(b) aRiareben, rom bavSvis sxva saxelmwifoSi gaSvileba Sei-Zleba miCneul iqnas bavSvze zrunvis alternatiuli saSualebad,Tu mis mSobliur qveyanaSi ver moxerxda misiaRsazrdelad mibareba, gaSvileba an masze zrunvis sxvaalternatiuli saSualebis gamonaxva.(c) uzrunvelyofen, rom sxva saxelmwifoSi gaSvilebisas bavSvisargeblobdes iseTi garantiebiTa da standartebiT,romlebic Seesabameba mis mSobliur qveyanaSi arsebuls.(d) iReben yvela Sesabamis zomas imis uzrunvelsayofad, romsxva saxelmwifoSi bavSvis gaSvilebisas am saqmesTan dakav-Sirebul pirebs ar mieceT gaumarTlebeli fuladi mogebismiRebis saSualeba;(e) Sesabamis SemTxvevaSi xels uwyoben am muxlis miznebisganxorcielebas ormxrivi an mravalmxrivi xelSekrulebebisada SeTanxmebebis dadebis gziT da cdiloben am safuZvelzeuzrunvelyon, rom bavSvis ganTavseba sxva saxelmwifoSixorcieldebodes Sesabamisi uflebamosilebis mqonexelisuflebis an sxva organoebis mier.muxli 221. monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben Sesabamis zomebs, raTauzrunvelyon, rom bavSvma, romelic eZebs ltolvilisstatuss an, romelic, Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso an Sidasax-

avSvis uflebebis konvencia29elmwifoebrivi kanonmdeblobisa da proceduris Tanaxmad,miCneulia ltolvilad, miuxedavad imisa, Tan axlavs Tuara mSoblebi an sxva piri, isargeblos Sesabamisi dacviTada humanitaruli daxmarebiT im uflebebis ganxorcielebisas,romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia am konvenciiTa da imsaerTaSoriso adamianis uflebebis an humanitaruli dokumentebiT,romelTa monawileebic arian zemoxsenebuli saxelmwifoebi.2. am mizniT, monawile saxelmwifoebi aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi,xels uwyoben gaerTianebuli erebisa da sxva uflebamosilisamTavrobaTSoriso an arasamTavrobo organizaciebismcdelobas, romlebic TanamSromloben gaerTianebulerebTan, daicvan da daexmaron aseTi bavSvs da moZebnonltolvili bavSvis mSoblebi Tu ojaxis sxva wevrebi ojaxisgamTlianebisaTvis aucilebeli informaciis mopovebis mizniT.im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mSoblebis an ojaxis sxva wevrebismoZebna ver moxerxda, bavSvi unda uzrunvelyofil iqnasiseTive dacviT, rogorc raime mizezis gamo sakuTar ojaxurgaremos mudmivad an droebiT mowyvetili nebismierisxva bavSvi, am konvenciis Sesabamisad.muxli 231. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben gonebrivad an fizikuradarasrulfasovani bavSvis uflebas cxovrobdes srulfasovanida Rirseuli cxovrebiT, imgvar pirobebSi, sadac uzrunvelyofiliiqneba misi Rirsebis dacva, masSi sakuTari Tavisadmirwmenis ganviTareba da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi misiaqtiuri monawileoba.2. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben arasrulfasovani bavSvisuflebas sargeblobdes gansakuTrebuli mzrunvelobiTda maTTvis xelmisawvdomi resursebis farglebSi uzrunvelyofenam uflebis mqone bavSvisa da masze mzrunvelipirebisaTvis daxmarebis gawevas maTi moTxovnisa da im mdgomareobisSesabamisad, romelSic imyofebian bavSvi da misimSoblebi, an is pirebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen bavSvzemzrunvelobas.

30 bavSvis uflebebi3. arasrulfasovani bavSvis gansakuTrebul saWiroebaTa aRiarebisniSnad am muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad gaweulidaxmareba, mSoblebisa da bavSvze mzrunavi sxva pirebisfinansuri resursebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeZlebisdagvaradufasoa da miznad isaxavs arasrulfasovani bavSvisaTvissaganmanaTleblo, janmrTelobis dacvis, sareabilitacio,profesiuli da SromiTi momzadebisaTvis saWiro momsaxurebiTada dasvenebis saSualebebiT sargeblobis SesaZleblobismicemas, rac uzrunvelyofs mis maqsimalur socialurintegracias da xels uwyobs misi pirovnebis ganviTarebas,kulturuli da sulieri ganviTarebis CaTvliT.4. monawile saxelmwifoebi saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobissuliskveTebiT xels uwyoben Sesabamisi informaciis gacvlasarasrulfasovani bavSvebis profilaqtikuri jandacvisada samedicino, fsiqologiuri da funqcionaluri mkurnalobisdargSi, reabilitaciis, ganaTlebisa da profesiulimomzadebis meTodebis Sesaxeb informaciis gavrcelebisCaTvliT, agreTve am informaciis xelmisawvdomobas, raTamonawile saxelmwifoebma gaafarTovon am dargSi TavianTiSesaZleblobebi, codna da gamocdileba. am mizniT, gansakuTrebuliyuradReba eTmoba ganviTarebadi qveynebis moTxovnilebebs.muxli 241. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben bavSvis uflebas isargeblosjanmrTelobis dacvis sistemis yvelaze ufro srulyofilimomsaxurebiT da daavadebaTa mkurnalobisa dajanmrTelobis aRdgenis saukeTeso saSualebebiT. monawilesaxelmwifoebi iswrafvian uzrunvelyon, rom arc erT bavSvsCamoerTvas ufleba isargeblos janmrTelobis dacvis sistemisaseTi momsaxurebiT.2. monawile saxelmwifoebi cdiloben miaRwion mocemuliuflebis srul ganxorcielebas da iReben Sesabamis zomebs:(a) axalSobilTa da bavSvTa sikvdilianobis Sesamcireblad;(b) yvela bavSvisaTvis aucilebeli samedicino daxmarebis,

avSvis uflebebis konvencia31gansakuTrebiT pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis uzrunvelsayofad;(c) daavadebebsa da araswor kvebasTan sabrZolvelad, maTSoris pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis farglebSi adviladxelmisawvdomi teqnologiis gamoyenebisa da sakvebadvargisi produqtiTa da sufTa sasmeli wyliT momaragebisgziT, garemos dabinZurebis saSiSroebisa da riskisgaTvaliswinebiT;(d) dedebisaTvis mSobiarobamde da mSobiarobis SemdgomperiodSi janmrTelobis dacvis saTanado momsaxurebisgasawevad;(e) sazogadoebis yvela fenis, kerZod, mSoblebisa da bavSvebisaTvis,bavSvTa janmrTelobisa da kvebis, ZuZuTikvebis upiratesobis, higienisa da sacxovrebeli garemossanitaruli dacvisa da ubeduri SemTxvevebis Tavidanacilebis Taobaze informaciis miwodebis, ganaTlebisxelmisawvdomobisa da miRebuli codnis gamoyenebaSidaxmarebis gawevis uzrunvelsayofad;(f) profilaqtikuri samedicino daxmarebisa da ojaxis dagegmvissferoSi saganmanaTleblo muSaobis warmarTvisa damomsaxurebis ganviTarebisaTvis.3. monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben yovelgvar efeqtur da aucilebelzomebs im tradiciuli praqtikis aRmofxvrisaTvis,romelic uaryofiTad moqmedebs bavSvis janmrTelobaze.4. monawile saxelmwifoebi valdebulebas iReben waaxalisonsaerTaSoriso TanamSromloba da ganaviTaron igi mocemulmuxlSi aRiarebuli uflebis sruli ganxorcielebis TandaTanobiTmiRwevisaTvis. amasTan dakavSirebiT, gansakuTrebuliyuradReba eTmoba ganviTarebadi qveynebis moTxovnilebebs.muxli 25monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben uflebamosili organoebismier mzrunvelobisa da fizikuri an fsiqologiuri mkurnalobismizniT Sesabamis dawesebulebaSi moTavsebuli bavSvis uflebas

32 bavSvis uflebebiperiodulad xdebodes misTvis gaweuli mkurnalobis meTodebisada aseT dawesebulebaSi mis yofnasTan dakavSirebuli sxvagaremoebebis gadasinjva.muxli 261. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben bavSvis socialuri dacvisuflebas, socialuri dazRvevis CaTvliT, da TavianTi erovnulikanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad iReben Sesabamis zomebs amuflebis sruli realizaciisaTvis.2. es SeRavaTebi bavSvebze vrceldeba aucileblobisamebr, misida mis rCenaze pasuxismgebel pirTa resursebisa da Sesa-Zleblobebis, agreTve bavSvis mier an misi saxeliT amSeRavaTebis miRebasTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri sxva mosazrebisgaTvaliswinebiT.muxli 271. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben yvela bavSvis uflebasuzrunvelyofili iyos cxovrebis iseTi doniT, romelicaucilebelia misi fizikuri, gonebrivi, sulieri, zneobrivida socialuri ganviTarebisaTvis.2. mSobels (mSoblebs) an bavSvis sxva aRmzrdelebs ekisrebaTpasuxismgebloba, TavianTi unarisa da finansuri SesaZleblobebisfarglebSi, uzrunvelyon bavSvis ganviTarebisaTvissaWiro cxovrebis pirobebi.3. monawile saxelmwifoebi, erovnuli pirobebis Sesabamisadda TavianTi SesaZleblobebis farglebSi, iReben zomebsmSoblebis an bavSvis aRzrdaze pasuxismgebeli sxva pirebisaTvisam uflebis ganxorcielebaSi daxmarebis gasawevad,da aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, SeimuSaveben materialuridaxmarebis programebs, gansakuTrebiT sakvebiT, tansacmli-Ta da sacxovrebliT uzrunvelyofis sakiTxSi.4. monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben Sesabamis zomebs raTa uzrunvelyonmSoblebis an bavSvze finansurad pasuxismgebelisxva pirebis mxridan bavSvis rCenis movaleobis Sesrulebarogorc saxelmwifos SigniT, ise mis sazRvrebs gareT.

avSvis uflebebis konvencia33kerZod, Tu bavSvi da masze finansurad pasuxismgebelipiri cxovroben sxvadasxva saxelmwifoSi, aRniSnuli saxelmwifoebiam sakiTxis gadasawyvetad xels uwyoben saer-TaSoriso xelSekrulebebTan mierTebas an aseTi xelSekrulebebisdadebas, agreTve sxva Sesabamisi SeTanxmebebismiRwevas.muxli 281. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben, rom bavSvs aqvs ganaTlebisufleba da Tanabari SesaZleblobebis safuZvelzeam uflebiT TandaTanobiT sargeblobis mizniT, isini:(a) aweseben ufaso da savaldebulo dawyebiT ganaTlebas;(b) xels uwyoben rogorc zogadi, ise profesiuli saSualoganaTlebis sxvadasxva formebis ganviTarebas, uzrunvelyofenmis xelmisawvdomobas yvela bavSvisaTvis daiReben iseT aucilebel zomebs, rogoricaa ufaso ganaTlebisSemoReba da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi - finansuridaxmarebis gaweva;(c) yvela SesaZlo saSualebis gamoyenebiT uzrunvelyofenumaRlesi ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobas, TiToeulis unarisSesabamisad;(d) uzrunvelyofen ganaTlebisa da profesiuli momzadebissferoSi informaciisa da masalebis xelmisawvdomobasyvela bavSvisaTvis;(e) iReben Sesabamis zomebs skolebSi regularuli daswrebisxelSesawyobad da skolidan garicxul moswavleTaricxvis Sesamcireblad.2. monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben Sesabamis zomebs, raTauzrunvelyon saskolo disciplinis dacva iseTi meTodebiT,romlebic Seesabameba bavSvis Rirsebasa da am konvenciisprincipebs.3. monawile saxelmwifoebi xels uwyoben saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobisganviTarebas ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi,gansakuTrebiT msoflioSi umecrebisa da werakiTxvisucodinarobis likvidaciis, agreTve samecniero da

34 bavSvis uflebebiteqnikuri codnisa da swavlebis Tanamedrove meTodebisdanergvis mizniT. amasTan dakavSirebiT, gansakuTrebuliyuradReba eTmoba ganviTarebadi qveynebis moTxovnilebebs.muxli 291. monawile saxelmwifoebi Tanxmdebian, rom bavSvis ganaTlebamiznad unda isaxavdes:(a) misi pirovnebis, niWis, gonebrivi da fizikuri SesaZleblobebissrulyofil ganviTarebas;(b) masSi adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebisadmi,agreTve gaerTianebuli erebis wesdebiT gamocxadebuliprincipebisadmi pativiscemis gaRvivebas;(c) mSoblebis, misi kulturuli TviTmyofadobis, enisa dasxva faseulobebisadmi pativiscemis Canergvas; bavSvisaRzrdas im qveynis erovnuli faseulobebisadmi pativiscemissuliskveTebiT, sadac is cxovrobs an saidanacaris warmoSobiT; bavSvisaTvis misi sakuTari civilizaciisagangansxvavebuli civilizaciebisadmi pativiscemisgaRvivebas;(d) bavSvis momzadebas Tavisufal sazogadoebaSi SegnebulicxovrebisaTvis, sadac damkvidrebulia urTierTgagebis,mSvidobis, Semwynareblobis, sqesTa Tanasworobis, yvelaxalxis, eTnikuri, erovnuli da religiuri jgufis,maT Soris mkvidri mosaxleobis warmomadgenelTa Sorismegobrobis suliskveTeba;(e) bavSvis aRzrdas garemosadmi pativiscemis suliskveTebiT.2. winamdebare an 28-e muxlis nebismieri nawili ar undaganimartos rogorc calkeuli pirebisa da organoebis TavisuflebisSezRudva, Seqmnan saswavlo dawesebulebebi dauxelmZRvanelon maT winamdebare muxlis pirvel punqtSimocemuli principebis dacviT da im moTxovnis gaTvaliswinebiT,rom aseT saswavlo dawesebulebebSi miRebuliganaTleba Seesabamebodes saxelmwifos mier dadgenil minimalurnormebs.

avSvis uflebebis konvencia35muxli 30im saxelmwifoebSi, sadac arseboben eTnikuri, religiuri anenobrivi umciresobebi an pirebi, romlebic mkvidr mosaxleobasmiekuTvnebian, bavSvs, romelic aseT umciresobas an mkvidrmosaxleobas miekuTvneba, ar SeiZleba uari eTqvas uflebaze,rom Tavisi jgufis sxva wevrebTan erTad eziaros sakuTarkulturas, Riad aRiaros Tavisi religia da aRasrulos religiuriwesebi an isaubros mSobliuri enaze.muxli 311. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben, rom bavSvs gaaCnia dasvenebisada Tavisufali drois qonis, misi asakisaTvis SesaferisTamaSebsa da gasarTob, agreTve kulturul da xelovnebisRonisZiebebSi monawileobis ufleba.2. monawile saxelmwifoebi pativs scemen da xels uwyobenbavSvis uflebas srulad iyos CarTuli kulturul da SemoqmedebiTcxovrebaSi; xels uwyoben kulturuli da SemoqmedebiTisaqmianobis, Tavisufali droiT sargeblobisa da dasvenebisaTvissaTanado da Tanabari SesaZleblobebis Seqmnas.muxli 321. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben bavSvis uflebas daculiiyos ekonomikuri eqspluataciisa da nebismieri iseTisamuSaos Sesrulebisagan, romelic SeiZleba emuqrebodesmis janmrTelobas da xels uSlides ganaTlebis miRebaSian zians ayenebdes mis janmrTelobas, fizikur, gonebriv,sulier, moralur da socialur ganviTarebas.2. monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben sakanonmdeblo, administraciul,socialur da saganmanaTleblo zomebs am muxlis debulebaTagansaxorcieleblad. am mizniTa da sxva saerTa-Soriso dokumentebis Sesabamisi debulebebis mxedvelobaSimiRebiT, monawile saxelmwifoebi:(a) adgenen samuSaoze miRebis minimalur asaks an minimalurasakebs;

36 bavSvis uflebebi(b) gansazRvraven samuSao dRis xangrZlivobasa da SromispirobebTan dakavSirebul aucilebel moTxovnebs;(c) iTvaliswineben sasjelis Sesabamis saxeobebs an sxvasanqciebs winamdebare muxlis efeqturi ganxorcielebisuzrunvelsayofad.muxli 33monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben yvela Sesabamis zomas, sakanonmdeblo,administraciuli da socialuri zomebis CaTvliT,agreTve RonisZiebebs ganaTlebis sferoSi, raTa daicvan bavSvebiSesabamisi saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiT gansazRvrulinarkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebisukanono moxmarebisagan da ar dauSvan bavSvebis gamoyeneba amnivTierebaTa kanonsawinaaRmdego warmoebaSi an vaWrobaSi.muxli 34monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben valdebulebas daicvan bavSvisqesobrivi eqspluataciisa da Zaladobis yvela formisagan. ammizniT, monawile saxelmwifoebi erovnul, ormxriv damravalmxriv doneze iReben yvela aucilebel zomas, raTa Tavidanaicilon:(a) bavSvis Cabma an iZuleba monawileobdes nebismier ukanonoseqsualur saqmianobaSi;(b) eqspluataciis mizniT bavSvis gamoyeneba prostituciaSi ansxva ukanono seqsualur saqmianobaSi;(c) eqspluataciis mizniT bavSvis gamoyeneba pornografiasa dapornografiul masalebSi.muxli 35monawile saxelmwifoebi erovnul, ormxriv da mravalmxrivdoneze iReben yvela aucilebel zomas, raTa Tavidan aicilonbavSvis motaceba, bavSvebiT vaWroba an maTi iZulebiTi Sromisgamoyeneba nebismieri mizniT an formiT.

muxli 381. monawile saxelmwifoebi valdebulebas iReben pativi scenSeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros maT mimarT moqmedi saerbavSvisuflebebis konvencia37muxli 36monawile saxelmwifoebi bavSvs icaven eqspluataciis yvelasxva formisagan, romelic zians ayenebs mis keTildReobas.muxli 37monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen, rom:(a) arc erTi bavSvi ar iyos wamebis, sastiki, araadamianuri anRirsebis Semlaxavi mopyrobis an sasjelis msxverpli.sikvdiliT dasja an patimroba, romelic ar iTvaliswinebsgaTavisuflebis SesaZleblobas, ar SeiZleba Seefardos 18wlamde asakis pirs mis mier Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis;(b) arc erT bavSvs ar aRekveTos Tavisufleba ukanonod anTviTneburad. bavSvis dapatimreba, dakaveba an cixeSi moTavsebaunda xorcieldebodes kanonis Tanaxmad da ganixilebodesrogorc ukiduresi zoma, romelic SeiZleba gamoyenebuliqnas drois xanmokle periodis ganmavlobaSi;(c) yovel TavisuflebaaRkveTil bavSvs epyrobodnen humanuradda misi pirovnuli Rirsebis pativiscemiT, ise, rom gaTvaliswinebuliiyos misi asakisaTvis Sesabamisi moTxovnilebebi.kerZod, yoveli TavisuflebaaRkveTili bavSvi unda gancalkevdesufrosebisagan, Tu ar miiCneva, rom bavSvis interesebisaTvisamis gakeTeba ar aris saWiro; bavSvs undahqondes Tavis ojaxTan kavSiris ufleba mimoweris anSexvedrebis formiT, gansakuTrebul garemoebaTa garda;(d) yovel TavisuflebaaRkveTil bavSvs hqondes ufleba dauyoneblivmiiRos iuridiuli da sxva Sesabamisi daxmareba,agreTve ufleba - gaasaCivros misi Tavisuflebis aRkveTiskanoniereba sasamarTlos an sxva kompetenturi damoukidebelida miukerZoebeli organos winaSe, romelmac dauyovneblivunda gamoitanos gadawyvetileba aRniSnulis Taobaze.

38 bavSvis uflebebiTaSoriso humanitaruli samarTlis normebs, romlebic exebabavSvebs da uzrunvelyon maTi dacva.2. monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben yvela SesaZlo zomas, raTauzrunvelyon, rom 15 wels miuRweveli pirebi pirdapir armonawileobdnen samxedro moqmedebebSi.3. monawile saxelmwifoebi Tavs ikaveben TavianT SeiaraRebulZalebSi yvela im piris gawvevisagan, romelsac ar miuRwevia15 wlis asakisaTvis. 15 wels gadacilebul im pirTagawvevisas, romelTac jer ar SesrulebiaT 18 weli, monawilesaxelmwifoebi upiratesobas aniWeben asakiT ufrosebs.4. SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros, samoqalaqo mosaxleobisdacvasTan dakavSirebiT, saerTaSoriso humanitarulisamarTliT nakisri valdebulebebis Sesabamisad, monawilesaxelmwifoebi iReben yvela Sesabamis zomas SeiaraRebulkonfliqtebSi moxvedril bavSvTa dacvisa da movla-patronobisaTvis.muxli 39monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben yvela Sesabamis zomas, raTaxeli Seuwyon im bavSvTa fizikur da fsiqologiur gajansaRebasda socialur reintegracias, romlebic nebismieri saxisugulebelyofis, eqspluataciis an borotad gamoyenebis, wamebis,sastiki, araadamianuri da Rirsebis Semlaxveli mopyrobis,sasjelis an SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis msxverpli arian. aseTigajansaReba da reintegracia unda xorcieldebodes bavSvisjanmrTelobis, sakuTari Tavisadmi pativiscemisa da RirsebisgrZnobis SenarCunebis pirobebSi.muxli 401. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben yvela eWvmitanili, braldebulian damnaSave bavSvis uflebas moepyron iseTi formiT,romelic xels uwyobs masSi sakuTari Rirsebis grZnobisganviTarebas, aZlierebs sxvaTa uflebebisa da ZiriTadiTavisuflebebisadmi pativiscemas, iTvaliswinebs bavSvis asaksda xels uwyobs mis reintegraciasa da sazogadoebaSi sakuTarikonstruqciuli rolis gaazrebas.

avSvis uflebebis konvencia392. am mizniT da saerTaSoriso dokumentebis Sesabamisi debulebebisgaTvaliswinebiT, monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen,rom:(a) arc erTi bavSvi CaiTvalos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobisdamrRvevad, bralad ar daedos misi darRvevada ar iqnas aRiarebuli damnaSaved im qmedebis an umoqmedobisgamo, romelic misi Cadenis dros erovnuli ansaerTaSoriso samarTliT ar iyo akrZaluli;(b) yvela bavSvi, romelmac, rogorc Tvlian, daarRvia sisxlissamarTlis kanonmdebloba an brali edeba mis dar-RvevaSi unda sargeblobdes, sul mcire, Semdegi garantiebiT:I) iTvlebodes udanaSaulod, sanam misi danaSauliar iqneba damtkicebuli kanonis Sesabamisad;II) dauyovnebliv da uSualod, an Sesabamis SemTxvevaSi,mSoblebis an kanonieri meurvis meSveobiT,miewodos informacia mis mimarT wayenebuli braldebisSesaxeb da gaewios samarTlebrivi an sxvaaucilebeli daxmareba dacvis momzadebisa da ganxorcielebisaTvis;III) kompetenturma, damoukidebelma da miukerZoebelmasaxelmwifo an sasamarTlo organom misi saqmissamarTliani ganxilvis Sedegad, dayovnebis gareSeda kanonis Sesabamisad, gamoitanos gadawyvetilebasamarTlebrivi an sxva aucilebeli daxmarebispirobebSi da Tu es ar ewinaaRmdegeba bavSvisinteresebs, misi asakis, agreTve misi mSoblebis ankanonieri meurveebis mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT;IV) ar aiZulon misces Cveneba an aRiaros danaSauli;mieces braldebis mowmeTa damoukideblad an sxvapirTa daxmarebiT dakiTxvisa da dacvis mowmeTagamoZaxebisa da dakiTxvis ufleba Tanabar sawyisebze;V) mis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanis SemTxvevaSi,kanonis Sesabamisad, mieces ganaCenisa damasTan dakavSirebuli RonisZiebebis gasaCivrebisufleba zemdgom kompetentur, damoukidebel da

40 bavSvis uflebebimiukerZoebel saxelmwifo organoSi an sasamarTloorganoSi;VI) isargeblos Tarjimnis ufaso daxmarebiT, Tu bavSvsar esmis samarTalwarmoebis ena an ver laparakobsam enaze;VII) sargeblobdes misi piradi cxovrebis sruli pativiscemiTsaqmis garCevis yvela stadiaze.3. monawile saxelmwifoebi cdiloben xeli Seuwyon iseTikanonebis, procedurebis, organoebisa da dawesebulebebisSeqmnas, romlebic specialurad dakavSirebuli arian bavSvebTan,romlebmac, rogorc iTvleba, daarRvies sisxlissamarTlis kanonmdebloba, bralad edebaT misi darRveva anaRiarebuli arian damnaSaveebad da, kerZod:(a) minimaluri asakis dadgenas, romlis miRwevamdec bavSvebsara aqvT sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis dar-Rvevis unari;(b) roca es Sesaferisi da sasurvelia, aseTi bavSvebismimarT zomebis miRebas xelaxali sasamarTlo ganxilvisgareSe, adamianis uflebebisa da samarTlebrivi garantiebissruli dacviT.4. iseTi sxvadasxvagvari RonisZiebebi, rogorebicaa: mzrunveloba,meurveoba da meTvalyureoba; sakonsultacio momsaxureba;gamosacdeli vadis daniSvna; aRzrda; swavlebisada profesiuli momzadebis programebi da instituciurimzrunvelobis sxva alternatiuli saSualebebi, mimarTuliunda iyos bavSvis keTildReobisaTvis Sesaferisi garemosSeqmnisaken da Seesabamebodes mis mdgomareobasa da dana-Saulis xasiaTs.muxli 41am konvenciaSi araferi axdens gavlenas raime debulebaze,romelic ufro efeqturad uzrunvelyofs bavSvis uflebisrealizebas da romelsac SeiZleba Seicavdes:(a) monawile saxelmwifos kanonmdebloba; an(b) am saxelmwifosaTvis moqmedi saerTaSoriso samarTali.

avSvis uflebebis konvencia41nawili IImuxli 42monawile saxelmwifoebi Tavis Tavze iReben valdebulebas Seqmnanprinci pebi da pirobebi, raTa xelSekruleba farTodiqnes cnobili mozardebisa da bavSvebisaTvis Sesabamisi daqmediTi saSualebebiT.muxli 431. monawile saxelmwifoTa mier am konvenciis Sesrulebis mimdinareobisgansaxilvelad iqmneba bavSvTa uflebebis komiteti,romelic asrulebs qvemoT mocemul funqciebs.2. komiteti Sedgeba aTi eqspertisagan, romlebic gamoirCevianmaRali moraluri TvisebebiTa da kompetenturobiT im sferoSi,romelsac es konvencia moicavs. eqspertebs monawilesaxelmwifoebi irCeven sakuTari moqalaqeebisagan daisini moqmedeben piradi pasuxismgeblobiT. eqspertebis Ser-Cevisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba samarTliani geografiuliganawilebisa da sxvadasxva civilizaciebis, agreTve samarTlebrivisistemebis warmomadgenlobis principebi.3. komitetis wevrebs irCeven faruli kenWisyriT siaSi Setanilim pirTagan, romlebic monawile saxelmwifoebma daasaxeles.yovel monawile saxelmwifos SeuZlia daasaxeloserTi piri Tavis moqalaqeTagan.4. pirveli arCevnebi ewyoba am konvenciis ZalaSi SesvlisdRidan ara ugvianes eqvsi Tvisa, xolo amis Semdgom -yovel meore wels. yoveli arCevnebis mowyobis TariRamdesul cota oTxi TviT adre gaerTianebuli erebis generalurimdivani monawile saxelmwifoebs ugzavnis werils,romelic Seicavs winadadebas warmoadginon TavianTi kandidatebiori Tvis ganmavlobaSi. generaluri mdivani adgenssias, romelSic anbanuri wesiT Seaqvs yvela warmodgenili,piris gvari im monawile saxelmwifoTa aRniSvniT, romlebmacisini daasaxeles, da am sias warudgens monawilesaxelmwifoebs.5. komitetis wevrTa arCevnebi ewyoba monawile saxelmwifoTa

42 bavSvis uflebebiSexvedraze, romelsac iwvevs generaluri mdivani gaerTianebulierebis Stab-binaSi. sxdomaze, romlis qvorumsac monawilesaxelmwifoTa ori mesamedi Seadgens, komitetSi ar-Ceul pirebad iTvlebian is kandidatebi, romlebic miiRebenxmaTa yvelaze met raodenobas da sxdomaze damswre dakenWisyraSi monawile saxelmwifoTa warmomadgenlebis xma-Ta absolutur umravlesobas.6. komitetis wevrebs irCeven oTxi wlis vadiT. maT uflebaaqvT xelaxla iyvnen arCeuli. pirvel arCevnebSi arCeulxuT wevrs uflebamosilebis vada gaudis ori wlis Semdeg;pirveli arCevnebis mowyobisTanave am xuTi wevris gvarebsasaxelebs komitetis Tavmjdomare wilisyriT.7. komitetis romelime wevris sikvdilis an gadadgomis SemTxvevaSian, Tu mas raime mizeziT aRar SeuZlia Seasruloskomitetis wevris movaleobebi, saxelmwifo, romelmac eswevri daasaxela Tavisi moqalaqeebidan darCenili vadiTniSnavs sxva eqsperts komitetis mier misi mowonebis SemTxvevaSi.8. komiteti amtkicebs proceduris sakuTar wesebs.9. komiteti Tavis Tanamdebobis pirebs irCevs ori wliT vadiT.10. komitetis sxdomebi, rogorc wesi, imarTeba gaerTianebulierebis Stab-binaSi an sxva Sesaferis adgilas, romelsackomiteti gansazRvravs. komiteti Cveulebriv ikribeba yovelwliurad.komitetis SexvedraTa xangrZlivoba ganisazRvrebada aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, icvleba am konvenciis monawilesaxelmwifoTa Sexvedraze generaluri asambleis TanxmobiT.11. gaerTianebuli erebis generaluri mdivani komitets uzrunvelyofsam konvenciis Sesabamisad misi funqciebis ganxorcielebisaTvisaucilebeli personaliTa da saSualebebiT.12. generaluri asambleis TanxmobiT, am konvenciis SesabamisadSeqmnili komitetis wevrebs gaerTianebuli erebis saxsrebidaneniSnebaT anazRaureba, romlis miRebis wessa da pirobebsasamblea gansazRvravs.

avSvis uflebebis konvencia43muxli 441. monawile saxelmwifoebi valdebulebas iReben gaerTianebulierebis generaluri mdivnis meSveobiT komitets warudginonmoxsenebebi maT mier miRebuli zomebis Sesaxeb konvenciiTganmtkicebul uflebaTa damkvidrebisa da am sferoSimiRweul progresTan dakavSirebiT:(a) monawile saxelmwifosaTvis konvenciis ZalaSi Sesvlidanori wlis vadaSi;(b) yovel momdevno xuT weliwadSi.2. winamdebare muxlis mixedviT wardgenil moxsenebebSi mi-TiTebulia faqtorebi da sirTuleebi, Tuki aseTi arsebobs,romlebic zemoqmedebs am konvenciis valdebulebaTa Sesrulebisxarisxze. moxsenebebi agreTve Seicavs sakmarisinformacias imisTvis, raTa komitetisTvis sruliad gasagebigaxdes konvenciis mocemul qveyanaSi moqmedebis farglebi.3. monawile saxelmwifos, romelic komitets warudgens yovlismomcvelpirvelad moxsenebas, ar sWirdeba winamdebaremuxlis pirveli punqtis "b" qvepunqtis mixedviT wardgenilSemdgom moxsenebebSi gaimeoros adre gadmocemuliZiriTadi informacia.4. komitets SeuZlia monawile saxelmwifos mosTxovos damatebiTiinformacia, romelic exeba am konvenciis ganxorcielebas.5. moxsenebebi komitetis saqmianobis Sesaxeb ekonomikuri dasocialuri sabWos meSveobiT waredgineba generalurasambleas or weliwadSi erTxel.6. monawile saxelmwifoebi sakuTar qveynebSi uzrunvelyofenTavianTi moxsenebebis sajaroobas.muxli 45konvenciis ganxorcielebisaTvis efeqturi xelSewyobisa damocemul sferoSi saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis waxalisebismizniT:

44 bavSvis uflebebi(a) specializebul dawesebulebebs, gaerTianebuli erebis bavSvTafonds, gaerTianebuli erebis sxva organoebs uflebaaqvT warmodgenili iyvnen am konvenciis debulebebis ganxorcielebissakiTxTa ganxilvaSi maTi mandatis Sesabamisad.Sesabamis SemTxvevaSi komiteti uflebamosilia specializebuldawesebulebebs, gaerTianebuli erebis bavSvTa fondsada sxva kompetentur organoebs SesTavazos, warmoadginoneqspertTa daskvna konvenciis ganxorcielebis Taobaze imsferoebSi, romlebic maT uflebamosilebas ganekuTvneba.komitets aseve SeuZlia specializebul dawesebulebebs,gaerTianebuli erebis bavSvTa fondsa da gaerTianebulierebis sxva organoebs sTxovos warmoadginon moxsenebebikonvenciis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb im dargebSi, romlebicmaTi saqmianobis sferoSi Sedis;(b) Sesabamis SemTxvevaSi komiteti specializebul dawesebulebebs,gaerTianebuli erebis bavSvTa fondsa da sxva kompetenturorganoebs ugzavnis monawile saxelmwifos moxsenebas,romelic Seicavs Txovnas teqnikuri konsultaciisan daxmarebis Sesaxeb, an miuTiTebs mis saWiroebaze, agreTvekomitetis SeniSvnebsa da winadadebebs msgavsi Txovnisa damiTiTebis Taobaze.(c) komitets SeuZlia rekomendacia gauwios generalur asambleas,winadadeba misces generalur mdivans, raTa man asambleissaxeliT Caataros kvleva bavSvTa uflebebTan dakavSirebulcalkeul sakiTxebze.(d) am konvenciis 44-e da 45-e muxlebis Sesabamisad miRebulinformaciaze dayrdnobiT, komiteti SeimuSavebs zogadixasiaTis winadadebebsa da rekomendaciebs. aRniSnuli winadadebebida rekomendaciebi egzavnebaT dainteresebulmonawile saxelmwifoebs da ecnobeba generalur asambleasmonawile saxelmwifoTa SeniSvnebTan erTad, Tuki aseTiarsebobs.

avSvis uflebebis konvencia45nawili IIImuxli 46es konvencia Riaa xelmosawerad yvela saxelmwifosaTvis.muxli 47es konvencia eqvemdebareba ratifikacias. saratifikacio sigelebideponirdeba gaerTianebuli erebis generalur mdivanTan.muxli 48winamdebare konvencia Riaa misaerTeblad nebismieri saxelmwifosaTvis.mierTebis dokumentebi deponirdeba gaerTianebulierebis generalur mdivanTan.muxli 491. es konvencia ZalaSi Sedis gaerTianebuli erebis generalurimdivanTan meoce saratifikacio sigelis an mierTebisdokumentis deponirebis ocdameaTe dRes.2. yoveli saxelmwifosaTvis, romelic am konvenciis ratifikaciasmoaxdens an miuerTdeba mas meoce saratifikaciosigelis an mierTebis dokumentis deponirebis Semdeg, eskonvencia ZalaSi Sedis misi saratifikacio sigelis anmierTebis dokumentis deponirebis ocdameaTe dRes.muxli 501. am paqtis monawile nebismier saxelmwifos SeuZlia SesworebaTaSeTavazeba generaluri mdivnisaTvis. generalurimdivani SeTavazebul Sesworebebs ugzavnis am paqtis monawilesaxelmwifoebs da sTxovs Seatyobinon eTanxmebian Tuara monawile saxelmwifoTa konferenciis mowvevas, winadadebaTaganxilvas da mzad arian Tu ara kenWisyraSi monawileobismisaRebad. monawile saxelmwifoTa sul cota orimesamedis mxridan Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi, generaluri mdivanimoiwvevs aseT konferencias gaerTianebuli erebis egidiT. amkonferenciasa da kenWisyraSi monawile saxelmwifoTa umravlesobismier miRebuli Sesworeba dasamtkiceblad undawaredginos gaerTianebuli erebis generalur asambleas.

46 bavSvis uflebebi2. Sesworebebi ZalaSi Sedis mas Semdeg, rac maT daamtkicebsgaerTianebuli erebis generaluri asamblea da miiRebs ampaqtis monawile saxelmwifoTa ori mesamedi.3. ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, Sesworebebi savaldebulo xdeba immonawile saxelmwifoebisaTvis, romlebmac isini miiRes, xolosxva monawile saxelmwifoebisaTvis savaldebulo rCeba amkonvenciis debulebebi da maT mier miRebuli yvela winaSesworeba.muxli 511. gaerTianebuli erebis generaluri mdivani iRebs da yvelasaxelmwifos ugzavnis ratifikaciis an mierTebis momentSisaxelmwifoTa mier gakeTebul daTqmaTa teqsts.2. daTqma, romelic SeuTavsebelia am konvenciis miznebsa daamocanebTan, ar miiReba.3. daTqmebi SeiZleba gauqmdes nebismier dros generalurimdivnis saxelze gagzavnili Sesabamisi SetyobinebiT, romelsacgeneraluri mdivani acnobebs yvela monawile saxelmwifos.aseTi Setyobineba ZalaSi Sedis misi miRebis dRidan.muxli 52monawile saxelmwifo am konvenciis denonsacias axdens gaer-Tianebuli erebis generalur mdivanTan werilobiTi SetyobinebisgagzavniT. denonsacia ZalaSi Sedis Setyobinebis miRebidanerTi wlis Semdeg.muxli 53gaerTianebuli erebis generaluri mdivani am konvenciis depozitaria.muxli 54am konvenciis dedani, romlis arabuli, espanuri, inglisuri,rusuli, franguli da Cinuri teqstebi Tanabrad avTenturia,deponirdeba gaerTianebuli erebis generalur mdivanTan.

47a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebazedawyebiTi da saSualo skolebisdamxmare praqtikuli saxelmZRvaneloSinaarsi:SesavaliI. ras exeba es broSura♦ swavleba da aTviseba♦ swavleba da qadageba: sityvebze metad qcevebi metyveleben♦ mizani - adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa srulipativiscema♦ rogor ganvsazRvroT ZiriTadi etapebi?♦ gaazreba♦ cnobierebis amaRleba adamianis uflebebSi♦ praqtikaSia) TamaSi rolebis ganawilebiTb) `gonebrivi Sturmi~♦ SefasebaII. riTi daviwyoT?♦ sakuTari Tavisadmi rwmena da pativiscema koleqtivSi♦ niSnebi1. vin var me da rogori var me?a) wigni `vin var me?~b) mrgvali magidag) sicocxlis Zafid) Cemi silueti kedelzee) me da Cemi grZnobebiv) survilebis Cafiqreba2. rogori urTierToba maqvs me sxva adamianebTan?a) Cemi Tojinebis ojaxib) warmodgenili megobarig) werilebi da megobrebid) megobarie) wriuli saubariv) `mTvaris adamianebi~z) sarecxi manqana♦ ndoba

48 bavSvis uflebebi♦ brma ndoba♦ klasSi gamosayenebeli ramdenime wesi♦ moswavleebis mier sakuTari uflebebisa damovaleobebis gacnobierebaa) dagegmva msoflio sazogadoebisaTvisb) adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciag) bavSvTa uflebebid) kavSirebiIII. adamianis ZiriTad uflebaTa zogierTiproblema♦ sicocxlis dacva♦ pirovneba sazogadoebaSia) ras niSnavs viyoT àdamianebi~b) boTlSi Cadebuli werilig) dasawyisi da dasasrulid) `maria gauCinarda!~♦ mSvidoba da sicocxlis uflebaa) krizisib) mSvidobag) umaRlesi donis Sexvedra♦ ganviTareba da gare samyaroa) kvebab) wyalig) sacxovrebelid) mosaxleobae) samuSaov) energiaz) janmrTeloba♦ mTavroba da kanonierebaa) sabWoebi da sasamarTloebib) sasamarTlos saxeebig) Tanasworoba kanonis winaSe♦ azris, sindisis, religiis, mrwamsisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebaa) SefasebaTa subieqturobab) sawyeni sityvebi♦ Sekrebebisa da sazogadoebriv saqmeebSi monawileobisTavisufleba

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - sarCevi49♦ adamianis uflebaTa sazogadoeba♦ ekonomikuri ganviTareba da keTildReobaa) mdidrebi da Raribebib) mSromelTa cxovrebag) gamosvlad) samsaxuri mTeli msofliosaTvis♦ socialuri da kulturuli keTildReobaa) odesRacb) ojaxis sqema♦ diskriminacia♦ gansxvavebaTa gamovlena♦ diskriminacia kanis ferisa da rasobrivi kuTvnilebis gamo♦ ararasistuli klasi♦ diskriminacia sqesis niSnis mixedviTa) yofili moswavleebis Sexvedrab) ra aris `vaJi~? ra aris `gogona~?g) varaudid) vin vinaa?e) klasi, romelSic ar aris danawevreba sqesis niSnismixedviT♦ diskriminacia da umciresobaTa jgufebis statusia) romelime ùmciresobaTa jgufis~ aRmoCenab) gamosvla♦ diskriminacia arasrulfasovnebis gamoa) gamosvlab) erTi skola yvelasaTvisIV. ra gavakeToT Semdgom?danarTi♦ zogadi xasiaTis sacnobaro masalebi adamianisuflebaTa Sesaxeba) gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis àdamianisuflebaTa~ ZiriTadi masalebib) ZiriTadi wyaroebis SerCeviTi bibliografiag) adamianis uflebaTa swavlebisas gamoyenebuliZiriTadi dokumentebid) gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis kinofilmebiadamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb

50 bavSvis uflebebiSesavali1945 wels gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis Seqmnam kideverTxel ganamtkica rwmena adamianis uflebebisadmi. wesdebaSi,romelmac safuZveli Cauyara am organizacias, adamianis uflebebimisi saqmianobis erT-erT ZiriTad prioritetad moixsenieboda.aseTad ganixileba igi dResac.adamianis uflebaTa dacvis idea jer kidev gaerTianebuli erebisorganizaciis daarsebamde gaCnda. Tumca mxolod am organizaciisSeqmniT moipova man oficialuri da sayovelTao aRiareba.adamianis uflebebis sakiTxs saintereso istoria aqvs. misifesvebi yvela did msoflio movlenaSi Zevs, adamianis ufleba-Ta idea Zalas matebda msoflioSi Tavisuflebisa da TanasworobisaTvisbrZolas.XX saukunis ganmavlobaSi msoflio Tanamegobroba momwifdada Zlier Seicvala. gansakuTrebiT mtkivneulma dartymam _meore msoflio omma _ gamarjvebuli qveynebi aiZula SeeqmnaTiseTi forumi, romelic, pirvel rigSi, saWiro iyo omis mZimeSedegebis dasaZlevad, magram, imavdroulad, xels SeuwyobdamomavalSi aseTi saSineli movlenebis aRkveTas. ase daibadagaerTianebuli erebis organizacia.am amocanis masStaburoba naTlad iyo gacnobierebuli warsulSida gacnobierebulia dResac. adamianis uflebaTa sferoSisxvadasxva sayovelTao deklaraciebis SemuSaveba arsebi-Tad rCeba gaerTianebuli erebis saqmianobis umniSvnelovanesamocanad. omis dasrulebidan 20 wlis Semdeg gaeros maSindelmageneralurma mdivanma u. tanma `gaerTianebuli erebisorganizacia da adamianis uflebebi~ sakiTxis mimoxilvisas,ganacxada, rom: àdamianis uflebaTa ganmtkiceba warmoadgenssaZirkvels, romelsac efuZneba adamianuri Tavisuflebis politikuristruqtura; adamianis Tavisufleba ki warmoSobs nebasada SesaZleblobas ekonomikur da socialur progresTan mimarTebaSi;ekonomikuri da socialuri progresis miRweva qmnissafuZvels WeSmariti mSvidobisaTvis.~ igi adamianis uflebebisganviTarebasa da dacvaSi, misi sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, adamia-

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - Sesavali51nuri Tavisuflebisa da progresis WrilSi xedavda ayvavebasada mSvidobas da Sesabamisad gaerTianebuli erebis `WeSmaritdedaarss,~ mis `Rrma mniSvnelobasa da mamoZravebel Zalas~.TxuTmeti wlis Semdeg gaeros generalurma mdivanma xavierperes de kuelerma `gaeros saqmianoba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi~gamocemis winasityvaobaSi daadastura adamianis uflebaTasayovelTao deklaraciis `sapatio adgili,~ rogorc `qcevisZiriTadi saerTaSoriso kodeqsis, romlis Sesabamisadacunda ganisazRvros miRwevebi adamianis uflebaTa waxalisebisada dacvis sferoSi~. gamoxatavda ra sinanuls, imis gamo, rommsoflioSi kvlavac grZeldeba adamianis uflebaTa uxeSi dar-Rvevebi, man imavdroulad gamoxata saerTo ukmayofileba adamianisuflebaTa mdgomareobiT da gamokveTa swavlebis, ganaTlebisada informaciis efeqturi programebis meSveobiTadamianis uflebaTa stimulirebisa da gaZlierebis aucilebloba.mxolod sazogadoebis mcire nawilisaTvis aris cnobili, ramdenadmasStaburi iyo 1945 wlidan miRebuli zomebi, raTamieRwiaT saerTo TanxmobisaTvis da ramdenad bevri iqna miRweuli.amosaval wertilad kvlavindeburad rCeba zemoxsenebulida 1948 wels aRiarebuli adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTaodeklaracia. masSi CamoTvlilia ZiriTadi uflebebi àmocanis..~saxiT `..romlis Sesrulebiskenac unda miviswrafodeT~ mTelsmsoflioSi. TviT deklaraciis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, ganurCevladrasisa, kanis ferisa, sqesisa, enisa, religiisa, politikuriTu sxva Sexedulebebisa, erovnuli Tu eTnikuri kuTvnilebisa,qonebrivi, wodebrivi Tu sxvagvari mdgomareobisa.xangrZlivi gansjisa da kamaTis Semdeg miRebuli iqna kidevori saerTaSoriso dokumenti, romlebic iTvaliswineben wevrsaxelmwifoTasamarTlebriv movaleobebs _ `saerTaSoriso paqtiekonomikur, socialur da kulturul uflebaTa Sesaxeb~ da`saerTaSoriso paqti samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa Sesaxeb.~orive miRebul iqna 1966 wels da ZalaSi Sevidnen 10wlis Semdeg. meore paqtis fakultaturi oqmiT gaTvaliswinebulia,calkeul pirTa saCivrebis ganxilvis meqanizmi.

52 bavSvis uflebebies sami dokumenti erTad qmnis saerTaSoriso bils adamianisuflebaTa Sesaxeb. isini mTlianad an nawilobriv sicocxlisunarianadaqceven da avseben konkretul problemebze miRebuldokumentTa farTo wres: TviTgamorkveva da koloniuri qveynebisada xalxebisaTvis damoukideblobis miniWeba; diskriminaciisaRkveTa rasis da sqesis niSnis mixedviT, Sromis dadasaqmebis sferoSi, religiuri Sexedulebebis Tu ganaTlebissferoSi (arsebobs specialuri konvencia aparteidis danaSaulisaRkveTis Sesaxeb); samxedro danaSaulobani da kacobriobiswinaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulobani (genocidis CaTvliT); monoba;iZulebiTi Sroma da maTi msgavsi institutebi da Cveulebebi;dakavebul an dapatimrebul pirTa dacva (arsebobs patimarTamopyrobis minimaluri wesebi, ganixileba wameba da sxva misimsgavsi mopyrobis an sasjelis saxeebi); moqalaqeoba, moqalaqeobisarqona, TavSesafaris miRebis ufleba da ltolvilebi; informaciisTavisufleba (saerTaSoriso ufleba SecdomaSi Semyvanisainformacio Setyobinebebis uaryofis Sesaxeb); gaerTianebisTavisufleba (profkavSirebis ufleba); politika dasaqmebissferoSi; qalTa politikuri uflebebi; qorwineba da ojaxi,bavSvebi da axalgazrdoba; socialuri uzrunvelyofa, progresida ganviTareba (SimSilisa da sakvebis ukmarisobis likvidacia,mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis gamoyeneba mSvidobisa da yvelassakeTildReod, gonebrivad CamorCenil pirTa da invalidTa uflebebi);saerTaSoriso kulturuli ganviTareba da TanamSromloba;masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi da maTi wvlili mSvidobisada saerTaSoriso urTierTgagebis ganmtkicebaSi, rasizmis,aparteidisa da omis wamqezeblobis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi, adamianisuflebaTa ganviTarebaSi da sxva.es mxolod aisbergis mwvervalia, ramdenadac aq ar aris CamoTvlilimTeli rigi is specialuri muSa jgufebi, specialurikomitetebi da specialuri RonisZiebebi, moxsenebebi, gamokvlevebi,gancxadebebi, konferenciebi, gegmebi da programebi,aTwleuliT gansazRvruli moqmedebebi, kvleviTi saqmianobebida mzadebebi, nebayoflobiTi da miznobrivi fondebi, globalur,regionalur da adgilobriv doneze sxvadasxva saxis daxmarebebi,miRebuli zomebi, Catarebuli gamoZiebebi da mravali

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - Sesavali53procedurebi, romlebic SemuSavebulia adamianis uflebaTadacvisa da ganviTarebis mizniT. aseve dawvrilebiT ar arisganxiluli iseTi specialuri dawesebulebebis, rogoricaa, gaerosganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis organizacia, SromissaerTaSoriso organizacia da mravali samTavrobo da arasamTavrobosaerTaSoriso da erovnuli organizaciebis saqmianoba, romlebicdakavebuli arian adamianis uflebaTa dacviT.saqmianobis am saxeebs Soris erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi adgiliuWiravs adamianis uflebaTa swavlebas. adamianis uflebaTa saer-TaSoriso konferenciaze, romelic 1968 wels TeiranSi gaimarTa,adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis miRebis Semdeg gaweulisamuSaos mimoxilvis, da samomavlo programebis SemuSavebis mizniT,gadawyda yvela saxelmwifosaTvis moewodebinaT, `yvela aRmzrdelobiTisaSualebis~ gamoyeneba ise, rom axalgazrdoba aRzrdiliyoda ganviTarebuliyo adamianuri Rirsebisa da Tanasworuflebianobispativiscemis suliskveTebiT. konferenciam òbieqturiinformacia da Tavisufali msjeloba~ CaTvala aseTi ganaTlebissafuZvlad, man mouwoda mxareebs gamoiyenon `yvela aucilebelizoma~, imisaTvis, rom axalgazrdebSi gaaRviZon aqtiuri interesicvalebadi msoflio problemebisadmi da axalgazrdoba momazadonsrulfasovani sazogadoebrivi cxovrebisaTvis.gaerTianebuli erebis generalurma asambleam imave wels miiRogadawyvetileba eTxova wevri qveynebisaTvis, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSida yoveli saxelmwifos saskolo sistemidan gamomdinare,mieRoT zomebi adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciasada sxva deklaraciebSi aRiarebuli principebis swavlebisSemoRebis an waxalisebisaTvis. man mouwoda dawyebiTida saSualo skolebis saswavlo procesebSi am sagnis aqtiuradCarTvisaken, SesTavaza ra maswavleblebs gamoeyenebinaTyvela SesaZlebloba, raTa moswavleebis yuradReba miepyroTgaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis sistemis mudmiv mzard rolzemSvidobiani saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis ganmtkicebaSi daerTobliv Zalisxmevaze msoflioSi socialuri samarTlianobisada ekonomikuri da socialuri progresis damkvidrebisaTvis.magaliTad, 1978 wels iuneskom venaSi organizeba gaukeTasaerTaSoriso kongress adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi swavlebis

54 bavSvis uflebebisakiTxebze, romelzec pirvelad Seikriba ganaTlebis sferosspecialistTa sakmaod farTo wre, rogorc samTavrobo isearasamTavrobo dawesebulebebidan. analogiuri kongresi gaimarTamaltaSi 1987 wels. gaerTianebuli erebis adamianis uflebaTacentris sakonsultacio momsaxurebisa da teqnikuri daxmarebisprogramis farglebSi 1987 wlis oqtomberSi bangkokSi(tailandi) eskato-s (ekonomikuri da socialuri komisia aziisada wynari okeanisaTvis) Stab-binaSi, mTavrobebisa da gaer-Tianebuli erebis organizaciis sxvadasxva specializirebulidawesebulebebis damkvirveblebis monawileobiT organizebuliiqna adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis kursi aziisa da wynariokeanis regionebisaTvis. adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciismeormoce wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili RonisZiebis farglebSigaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis adamianis uflebaTacentrma, ormocze meti qveynis, samTavroboTaSoriso daarasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da am sakiTxiT dainteresebulimasobrivi informaciis saSualebebis warmomadgenelTa monawileobiT,JenevaSi (1988 wlis dasasruls) gamarTa saerTa-Soriso seminari adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis problemebze.ukve mravaljer aRiniSna, rom, miuxedavad sayovelTao principuliTanxmobisa amgvari ganaTlebis miRebis aucileblobisTaobaze, kvlavac arsebobs am miznisaTvis saWiro praqtikulimasalebis aSkara ukmarisobis problema. vimedovnebT, rom mocemulibroSura daexmareba am moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas, gaxdebara safuZveli, romelzec SeiZleba aigos Semdgomi kvlevebi daZiebebi. garda amisa, mocemuli broSura SeiZleba daematoserovnul saxelmZRvaneloebs maswavlebelTaTvis, aseve audiovizualurmasalebs, romlebic arsebobs gaerTianebuli erebisorganizaciaSi da mis farglebs gareT adamianis uflebaTaproblemebze bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis yuradRebis Semdgomimiqcevis mizniT.xazi unda gaesvas iuneskos gansakuTrebul rols adamianisuflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. amitomSesaZlebelia aseve daveyrdnoT iuneskos literaturas amsakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. (ix. danarTi.)

as exeba es broSura?adamianis uflebebi erTianobaSi SeiZleba ganisazRvros, rogorcufleba, romelic damaxasiaTebelia CvenTvis dabadebidan daromlis gareSe ar SegviZlia vicxovroT, rogorc cocxalmaarsebebma.adamianis uflebebi da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebi SesaZleblobasgvaZlevs srulad ganvaviTaroT da gamoviyenoT adamianisaTvisdamaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi, rogoricaa goniereba, talanti, cnobierebada davikmayofiloT Cveni sulieri da sxva moTxovnilebebi.isini dafuZnebulia kacobriobis mzard ltolvaze imcxovrebisaken, sadac yoveli adamianis dabadebiT warmoSobiliRirseba da faseuloba isargeblebs pativiscemiTa da dacviT.adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa uaryofa warmoadgensara mxolod individualur da pirad tragedias, aramedwarmoSobs socialuri da politikuri arastabilurobis pirobebs,Tesavs ra Zaladobasa da konfliqts, rogorc sazogadoebisada qveynebis SigniT, aseve maT Sorisac. rogorc adamianisuflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis pirveli winadadeba aRiarebs,adamianis uflebebisa da adamianuri Rirsebis pativiscema`warmoadgens Tavisuflebis, samarTlianobisa da sayovelTaomSvidobis safuZvels.~es broSura ZiriTad informacias aZlevs dawyebiTi da saSualoskolebis maswavleblebs, romlebsac surT gaamyaron adamianisuflebaTa gageba da codna, urTierTdamokidebulebisa da universalurobisgrZnoba, ris Sedegadac isini warmoiSobian, da asevegvTavazobs saqmianobis zogierT praqtikul formebsa da mimarTulebebs.igi warmoadgens dasawyiss mocemuli sagnis Semdgomikvlevisa da SeswavlisaTvis da ukve arsebuli erovnuli saxelmZRvaneloebisada audio-vizualuri masalebis gamoyenebazegadasvlisaTvis. vimedovnebT, rom igi gamoyenebuli iqneba imisaTvis,rom msoflioSi sxvadasxva kulturul urTierTobebSidaiwyos, adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis yvela doneze aTvisebisada ganviTarebis mudmivi procesi.es procesi damokidebuli iqneba adgilobrivi ganaTlebissistemaze, romlebic mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisa,b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - ras exeba es broSura55Tavi I

56 bavSvis uflebebiagan, da, ara nakleb, swavlebis sakuTari miznebisa da miRwevebisdadgenaSi maswavlebelTa moqmedebis Tavisuflebis xarisxze.magram, maswavlebeli axali wamowyebebis ganxorcielebaSiyovelTvis darCeba sakvanZo figurad. amitom mas didi pasuxismgeblobaekisreba adamianis uflebaTa azrisa da SinaarsisgadacemisaTvis. broSuris pirveli kari ZiriTadad gankuTvniliamaswavleblebisaTvis, romlebic aswavlian skolamdelebs, dadawyebiTi skolebis umcros klasebs. saqmianobis saxeebi daexmarebaadamianuri Rirebulebebis cnebis gagebaSi, romlebicazrs aZleven adamianis uflebaTa konkretul principebs. dawyebiTiskolisa da saSualo skolis ufrosi klasis moswavleebisaTvisIII TavSi mocemuli magaliTebi Tavisi xasiaTiT ufrorTulia da Seexeba Tanamedrove problemebs. am magaliTebismizania moswavleebis mier am problemebis ufro Rrma aRqmisada gagebis miRweva, ris safuZvelzec SemdgomSi SesaZlebeliagakeTdes analizi da Seswavla.dadgenilia, rom dawyebiTi da saSualo skolis ufrosi klasismoswavleebi xandaxan ar arian darwmunebuli sakuTar TavSi darom amis Sedegad, maT uZneldebaT sxva bavSvebTan urTierToba.Znelia izruno sxvis uflebebze, roca ver acnobiereb SenisakuTari uflebebis arsebobas. iq, sadac amas adgili aqvs,adamianis uflebaTa swavlebam Tavdapirvelad SeiZleba moiTxovosukan dabruneba da pirvel rigSi sakuTar TavSi rwmenisada moTminebis Camoyalibeba.magaliTebi ndobis ganviTarebisaTvis SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnasnebismieri formiT - isini xels uwyoben klasSi kargi atmosferosdamyarebas. magaliTebi SeiZleba ganmeordes (SesabamisicvlilebebiT) saqmianobis sxvadasxva saxeebSi moswavleTa CarTvismizniT, rac moiTxovs jgufur monawileobas. isini agreTveaRiqvamen adamianis TanagrZnobis SesaZleblobas, romelic warmoadgensmoqnils da garemoebaze damokidebuls, rac ara naklebrealuria da adasturebs im faqts, rom yoveli adamianiwarmoadgens pirovnebas. pirvel rigSi Cven - adamianebi, damxolod Semdeg ukve - gogonebi da vaJebi, saxelmwifos moqalaqeebian ltolvilebi, mivekuTvnebiT ama Tu im rasas ansocialur jgufs.

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - ras exeba es broSura57swavleba da aTvisebazemoT ukve iTqva, rom aucilebelia maswavlebelma daiwyosadamianis uflebaTa swavlebiT, magram amiT arasodes ar undaSemoifarglos. moswavleebma ubralod ki ar unda gaigon adamianisuflebaTa Sesaxeb, aramed gaiTavison isini imisaTvis,rom is, rasac akeTeben, iyos maTTvis maqsimalurad praqtikulisargeblis momtani. swored amitom, broSuris ZiriTadi nawilipraqtikul saqmianobas eZRvneba. aseTi saqmianobis mizania --uzrunvelyos, rom moswavleebma da maswavleblebma, iseT ZiriTadprinci pebTan mimarTebaSi, rogoricaa sicocxle, samarTlianoba,Tavisufleba, Tanasworoba, da aRkveTis, tanjvisada tkivilis damangreveli xasiaTi, gansazRvron TavianTi damokidebuleba,Tu ras fiqroben da grZnoben msoflioSi arsebuliproblemebis farTo wresTan mimarTebiT.TamaSi rolebis ganawilebiT (ganxilulia qvemoT) iTvlebaadamianis uflebaTa ZiriTadi arsisa da Sinaarsis gadmocemisyvelaze efeqtur saSualebad.saWiroa xSirad daveyrdnoT gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciisadamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracias, imisaTvis raTa SevafasoTis, rac xdeba im principebisa da ideebis samyaroSi, romlebicCamoTvlilia masSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom maT miiRes sayovelTaoaRiareba da moiazreba, rogorc kacobriobis monapovari.swavleba da qadageba: sityvebze metad qcevebimetyvelebenis faqti, rom adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciamoqmedebs da gamoiyeneba mTels msoflioSi, Zalze mniSvnelovania.ganaTlebis sistemebi Zalze gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan.iq, sadac adamianis uflebaTa swavleba ukve xorcieldeba,maswavleblebs aqvT stimuli: aswavlon ise, rom pativi scenadamianis uflebebs rogorc klasSi aseve skolaSi.es niSnavs, rom unda gaveqceT nebismier TvalTmaqcobas. yvelazeubralo saxis TvalTmaqcobac ki vlindeba situaciebSi,roca is, rasac aswavlis maswavlebeli, aSkarad imyofeba winaaRmdegobaSiimasTan, Tu rogor akeTebs amas. magaliTad: `dRes

58 bavSvis uflebebiCven visaubrebT gamoxatvis Tvisuflebis Sesaxeb -- gaCumdiTiq, ukana rigSi!~ ase monawileebi gaigeben ufro mets ZalauflebisSesaxeb da gacilebiT naklebs adamianis uflebebisSesaxeb. ramdenadac monawileni sakmaod xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSiswavloben TavianT maswavleblebs da SeuZliaT kargadgaerkvnen maT SexedulebebSi, aseTi saxis qceva gaaZnelebsmaswavleblis mier realuri, damajerebeli zemoqmedebis miRwevas.amocnobis surviliT maT, magaliTad, SeiZleba gadaiRonmaswavleblis piradi Tvisebebi da ar ecadon ifiqron damoukideblad.es SeiZleba gaxdes imis mizezi, rom, ukidures SemTxvevaSidasawyisSi, isini ar gamoxataven TavianT sakuTar azrebs.TvalTmaqcoba Tavis yvelaze rTul gamovlinebaSi warmoSobsseriozul problemas imisa, Tu rogor davicvaT da ganvaviTaroTklasSi, skolaSi da sazogadoebaSi maswavleblisa da moswavleebisadamianuri Rirseba. es maswavleblebisgan moiTxovsdainteresebis konkretuli gzebisa da saSualebebis Ziebas sakiTxisgadawyvetis procesSi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra akeTos,rogor da ratom akeTos da ara mxolod moswavleebma, aramedskolis administraciam, ganaTlebis organoebma da mSoblebmac,aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi aseve im sazogadoebis sxva wevrebmac,romlebSic moswavleebi cxovroben da muSaoben.ase, rom adamianis uflebaTa swavleba SeiZleba klasidan gavrceldesTemze, rac orives moutans sargebels. am procesisyvela monawile SeZlebs ganixilos sayovelTao faseulobebida maTi kavSiri sinamdvilesTan da, imedi unda viqonioT, romSeZleben darwmundnen, rom skolas namdvilad SeuZlia miiRosmonawileoba adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTadi problemebis gadawyvetaSida rom maswavleblebi SeZleben gaakeTon es uangarod,rac uzrunvelyofs problemebis ukeTes gaazrebas yvela monawilismier.mizani - adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTadTavisuflebaTa sruli pativiscemaadamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia warmoadgens civilizaciisudides monapovars.broSuraSi adamianis uflebaTa kultura ganixileba, rogorc

adamianis uflebaTa istoria Tavis TavSi moicavs dawvrilebiTTxrobas mcdelobebis Sesaxeb, romlebic gamoiyeneba pirovnebisRirsebisa da faseulobis da misi ZiriTadi uflebebis arsisgansazRvris mizniT. es mcdelobebi grZeldeba yoveldRiurad.amisaTvis maswavlebelma, saWiroa CarTos yoveldRiuri cxovrebisistoriis Sinaarsi adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis programa-Si. TandaTan SeiZleba misi ufro da ufro garTuleba. adamianebisbrZolam samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis, kampaniammonobis gauqmebisa da brZolam ekonomikuri da socialuri uflebebisaTvismigviyvana adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciismiRebasTan masTan dakavSirebuli ori paqtiT da yvela konvenciiTada deklaraciiT, romlebic maT mohyvaT.Tuki SevecdebiT adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi kanonmdeblobis istoriis(saCivris Setanis proceduris Sesaxeb informaciis CaTvliT)msmenelebisaTvis Rrmad da safuZvlianad gadacemas, mivxvdebiT,rom Znelia misi moswavleebTan cocxlad mitana. igive exebaadamianis uflebaTa swavlebas normebis saxiT, romlebsac, rogorcaseTi, upiratesoba eniWeba -- magaliTad, sayovelTao deklaraciisteqstTan muSaobisas, romelsac Tan axlavs TiToeuli muxlisganmarteba, `faqtebi~ da `safuZvlebi~, ragind guldasmiT iyosisini SerCeuli. monawileebma unda igrZnon es principebi da aseverealuri cxovrebiseuli problemebi, romlebic warmoiSoba maTTanmWidro kavSirSi, imisaTvis rom am principebis swavla ar iyosmosabezrebeli. aqedan gamomdinareobs monawileebis praqtikaSi maTisakuTari samarTlianobis, Tavisuflebisa da Tanasworobis grZnobisgamovlinebis SesaZleblobis mTavari mniSvneloba.ra saSualebiT SeiZleba amis miRweva? magaliTad, SeiZlebavTxovoT monawiles: `warmoidgineT, rom Tqven unda SeimuSaoTZiriTadi principebi sazogadoebisaTvis. am sazogadoebaSi SedixarTTqvenc, Tumca Sen arc ki ici, vin iqnebi am sazogadoebaSi.Sen SeiZleba iyo mamakaci an qali, axalgazrda an moxuci,mdidari an Raribi, arasrulfasovani romelime urTierToa,b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - ras exeba es broSuraganuwyveteli Zalisxmeva adamianis pirovnebis, adamianuri Rirsebisada faseulobebis ganmtkicebisaTvis.rogor ganvsazRvroT ZiriTadi etapebi?59

60 bavSvis uflebebibaSi, mcxovrebi romelime qveyanaSi, ekuTvnode romelime rasas,eTnikur jgufs, religias an kulturas, romelic ar warmoadgensSens sakuTars. Sen ubralod ar ici. rogor moiqceodiaseT SemTxvevaSi?~Seasrulo aseTi klasikuri saazrovno eqsperimenti niSnavsmixvide Tqvens sakuTar adamianis uflebaTa deklaraciasTan.amis gakeTeba saWiroa patiosnad, sxvagvarad monawileebs Seu-ZliaT ubralod gaimeoron gaazrebis gareSe is, rac maTisityvebiT rom vTqvaT, ukve ìcian.~ amisaTvis SeiZleba saWirogaxdes Tavis sxvis adgilze dayenebis meti codna da gaazreba.magram yovelive amis azri naTelia. ase SeiZleba moxdes seriozuligaazrebis stimulireba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras niSnavscneba `sakacobrio.~ adamianis uflebaTa istoria pirovnebisRirsebisa da faseulobis yvela xalxebis mier TandaTanobiTiaRiarebis istoriaa. adamianTan mimarTeba rogorc nivTTan, daara rogorc arsebasTan; adamianebis gamoyeneba saSualebad raimemiznis misaRwevad - niSnavs TviT adamianis ZiriTad uflebaTasulis uaryofas. aman SeiZleba gvibiZgos seriozuli gansjisakenswor da araswor urTierTobas, karg da cud qcevas Soris.gaazrebaadamianis uflebaTa kulturis ZiriTadma principebma SeiZlebaiarsebon mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu adamianebi kvlavac CaTvlian,rom es aucilebelia. es kultura saWiroebs mudmivdacvas. `me maqvs amis ufleba. saqme imaSi ki ar aris, rom meminda es an es mWirdeba. es - Cemi uflebaa. amasTanave arsebobsvaldebuleba, romelic unda Sesruldes.~ magram uflebebimoqmedebs mxolod Sesabamisi pirobebis ZaliT da es pirobebiunda iyos moqnili. Cven gvaqvs SesaZlebloba - magram sadSeiZleba ukeT amis gakeTeba, Tu ara skolaSi - davadginoT espirobebi CvenTvis, sxvagvarad Cven ver davicavT Cvens uflebebs,roca Cven mas SegvizRudaven, an ver SevigrZnobT moTxovnisdakmayofilebis aucileblobas, romelic dayenebulia CvensmimarT uflebaTa ganxorcielebisaTvis. unda gavarkvioT CvenTvis,ratomaa ufleba ase mniSvnelovani, es, Tavis mxriv, ayalibebspasuxismgeblobis grZnobasac.

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - ras exeba es broSura61ra Tqma unda SesaZlebelia wasvla sxva gziTac: vaswavloTadamianis uflebebi movaleobebisa da valdebulebebis kuTxidan.magram imisaTvis rom cocxlad gadmoscen es ideebi, maswavleblebs,SesaZloa, sWirdebaT gaakeTon ufro meti, vidreubralod moiTxovon Tanasworoba. maT sWirdebaT Seqmnan pirobebi,romlebSic TviTon isinic da maTi moswavleebic gaigeben dagaiazreben gansjis sagans. Semdeg maswavleblebs da monawileebsSeuZliaT praqtikaSi gamoiyenon es principebi, da ariswavlon mxolod maTi warmoTqma da gameoreba; maT SeuZliaTSeimuSavon problemaTa gadawyvetisaTvis saWiro praqtikuliCvevebi, romlebic xandaxan warmoiSoba movaleobaTa, valdebulebaTada uflebaTa Sejaxebisas.aseTi konfliqturi situaciebi SeiZleba sasargeblo aRmoCndessagnebis arsis garkvevisaTvis. mas unda mivesalmoT, imitom rommis gareSe adamianis uflebaTa Seswavla ar iqneba dinamiuri.igi gaxdeba statikuri da stereotipuli. aseTi situaciebiwarmoadgenen swavlebis SesaZleblobis iseT saxes, romelicmonawileebs survils aRuZravs winaaRmdegobebs miudgnen SemoqmedebiTad,SiSis gareSe. Ecnobierebis amaRlebaadamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebSimeTodebi unda iyos aqtiuri da interaqtiuli. rogorc yvelasxva adamiani, skolis moswavleebic ufro advilad da ukeTiTviseben praqtikuli saqmianobis procesSi saintereso da mravalferovanisaqmianobiT. amitomac iqna arCeuli gamocdilebazeaqcentirebuli midgoma. isini, vinc upiratesobas SemecnebiTmeTodebs aniWeben, advilad dainaxaven, rom aseTi midgoma avsebsamgvar meTodikas. arsebobs azri, rom adamianis uflebaTa swavlebamoiTxovs ufro mets, vidre ubralod inteleqtualurZalisxmevas. adamianis uflebaTa swavleba xels uwyobs codnismiRebas, ramdenadac aRzrda da sapasuxismgeblo da sworigadawyvetilebis miRebis unaris gamomuSaveba aRiarebulia CvenigadarCenisaTvis umniSvnelovanes faqtorad. skolaSi SeZenilgamocdilebas SeuZlia daexmaros am SesaZleblobaTa ganviTarebas(mas aseve SeuZlia kiTxvis, weris da logikuriazrovnebis Seswavlis procesi ufro efeqturi gaxados}.

62 bavSvis uflebebipraqtikaSi. . .es broSura warmoadgens Tavisebur mravalferovan qolgas, romelicgaSlilia mTel rig fuZemdeblur problemur dargebze. igi moiazrebaara rogorc damatebiTi datvirTva, isedac gadatvirTul saswavloprogramaze, aramed rogorc sagnebis kompleqsuri SeswavlissaSualeba, romlebic, SesaZloa, ukve iswavleba skolebSi.yoveli problemuri dargi ganisazRvra konkretuli sakiTxebisTvalsazrisiT, romlebTanac dakavSirebulia saswavlo procesi.am procesis msvlelobisas ismeba Sesabamisi SekiTxvebi,ganixileba pasuxebi, xolo es Tavis mxriv Seexeba romelimekonkretul problemur dargs.idealur viTarebaSi adamianis uflebaTa kulturam unda SeaRwiosmTel saswavlo programaSi, magram, praqtikaSi, gansakuTrebiTsaSualo skolis doneze, igi iswavleba mxolod calkeul nawilebadsocialur-ekonomikur da humanitarul mecnierebebSiarsebuli disciplinebis saSualebiT. Tumca, adamianis uflebebisamgvarad gacnoba ukeTesia, vidre saerTod misi ararseboba.Catarebul iqna mravali gamokvleva imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogoraviTareben bavSvebi TavianT Sexedulebebs zrdis procesSi.bunebrivia, klasis yoveli wevri ver SeZlebs miaRwios gagebisim dones, rasac moiTxovs adamianis uflebaTa principebi. ufrometic moswavleebisgan Tavidanve gagebis moTxovnam SeiZlebaxelic ki SeuSalos imis marTebul gamoxatvas, Tu ras fiqrobenda grZnoben, da aseve SeiZleba win aRudges Semdgom progress.am broSuris amosavali principi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igiyovel adamians moutans sikeTes, Seuqmnis SesaZleblobas Seiswavlosproblemebi, romelic Seexeba uflebebs, da, rom monawileniaTi wlis asakidan aseTi SesaZleblobis arsebobisasavlenen cocxali da Rrma azrovnebis unars. damatebiTi masalebisaucilebloba dayvanilia maqsimalurad martivamde da samarTlianiiqneba aRvniSnoT, rom umdidres wyaros, romlebTanac undaimuSaos maswavlebelma, warmoadgenen moswavleebi da maTi cxovrebiseuligamocdileba.umniSvnelovanesia, rom moswavleebs moswondeT aseTi saqmianoba.umjobesia uari iTqvas romelime saxis saqmianobaze an

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - ras exeba es broSura63Sewydes misi ganxorcieleba, Tuki bavSvebi ar gamoTqvamen mas-Si monawileobis survils.a) TamaSi rolebis ganawilebiT.saqmianobis zogierTi saxe mdgomareobs rolebis ganawilebiT TamaSSi.im maswavleblebisaTvis, romlebic ar icnoben am meTods, SeiZlebaSesabamisi damxmare saxelmZRvanelos rekomendireba.mokled rom vTqvaT, TamaSi rolebis ganawilebiT -- es arispatara piesa, gaTamaSebuli klasis winaSe. umeteswilad es arisimprovizacia. scenaris Sinaarsisa da ZiriTadi ideebis gansazRvrisSemdeg, maswavlebelma dro unda misces monawileebs gaiazronis, rasac isini ityvian (cal-calke an erTad) an ra poziciasacdaikaveben. es SeiZleba gakeTdes moTxrobis (mTxrobelisa daZiriTadi personaJebis) an situaciebis (sadac ZiriTadi personaJebiurTierTzemoqmedeben dialogis msvlelobaze, maswavleblisada klasis danarCeni moswavleebis daxmarebiT) saxiT.rogoric ar unda iyos arCeuli meTodi, igi yvelaze ukeTimuSavebs maSin, Tuki RonisZieba ar grZeldeba didxans darCeba dro Semdgomi msjelobisaTvis. maswavlebels, SesaZloa,mouwios moswavleTa SeCereba da maTi rolisagan arideba. monawileebmaunda SeZlon imisaTvis Tavis arideba, rasac isiniakeTeben an raimes komentireba an kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema daa.S. klasidan sxva monawileebma aseve unda SeZlon SeniSvnebisgakeTeba da SekiTxvebis dasma, xandaxan saWiroa TamaSSi Cabmacki, Tu es exmareba saqmes.b) gonebrivi Sturmi~(problemebis koleqtiuri ganxilva gadawyvetilebisproeqtebis wamoyenebis sruli TavisuflebiT)am meTodis mizania movifiqroT raRac da CaviweroT yvelaferiis, rac SemoTavazebulia, rogori araCveulebrivi da araordinaluricar unda mogveCvenos. arsebobs ganxilvis gamarTvissami ZiriTadi wesi: Temis axsna; yvela gamoTqmuli ideis gaziareba;procesis msvlelobisas uari kritikaze. maSinac ki,roca monawileebi amboben, rom maT daamTavres mofiqreba, saWiroamaTi waxaliseba raTa gaagrZelon fiqri maTi fantaziis Sesa-Zleblobis srul amowurvamde.

64 bavSvis uflebebiSefasebamoswavleTa informireba da gagebis done SeiZleba Semowmdesstandartuli saSualebebiT. magram urTierTobis Sefaseba daSecvla gacilebiT ufro rTulia Sefasebis subieqturi xasia-Tis gamo, romlis Sesaxebac mimdinareobs saubari. ar arsebobsSeTanxmebuli, erTi meTodi, romlis SeTavazebac aq SeiZleboda.yvelaze ubralo - esaa Tavisufal, araformalur viTareba-Si periodulad SeTavazebuli kiTxvarebi, Tumca es ukanaskneliZalze zedapirul suraTs qmnis.SeiZleba aseve SemuSavdes sakontrolo furclebi adamianisuflebaTa sferoSi klasis saqmianobis SefasebisaTvis, da Sesa-Zlebelia misi moswavleTa saqmianobis damoukidebel, sasargeblosaxed qceva.Tavi IIsaidan daviwyoT?sakuTari Tavis rwmena da pativiscemakoleqtivSi(umTavresad skolamdel dawesebulebebsa da dawyebiTi skolebisumcros klasebSi gamosayeneblad)skolamdel dawesebulebebsa da dawyebiTi saskolo ganaTlebisdabal safexurebze adamianis uflebebis swavleba miznad isaxavssakuTar TavSi rwmenisa da socialuri moTminebis Camoyalibebas.es Tvisebebi qmnian adamianis uflebaTa kulturis safuZvels.amitom `maswavleblis pirovneba~ gvevlineba gadamwyvetfaqtorad. nebismieri saxis saqmianobisaTvis mxardaWera, romelsacSeiZleba arc ki gaaCndes pirdapiri kavSiri adamianis uflebebisswavlebasTan, yovelTvis aamaRlebs mis mniSvnelobas.skolamdel doneze da dawyebiTi skolis dabal safexurebzemoswavleebi iZenen sakuTari Tavis gamoxatvis, erTmaneTTanurTierTobebis damyarebisa da erTmaneTze zrunvis Cvevebs.Znelia SevafasoT monaTxrobis mniSvneloba. patara bavSvebsSeuZliaT amoiRon monaTxrobidan gakveTilebi, gaakeTon TavisTvisdaskvnebi da Zalian kargad daimaxsovron, Tu isini asocirde-

65bian kargad moTxrobili zRapris personaJTan. aseTi moTxrobebiSeiZleba aviRoT gamoqveynebuli sabavSvo literaturidan,gavigoT mSoblebisagan, babuebisa da bebiebisagan, bunebriviaSeiZleba gamoviyenoT Cveni sakuTari warmosaxvac.iq, sadac aris Sesabamisi resursebi, SeiZleba sasargeblo aRmoCndessaklaso biblioTeka. mniSvnelovania, avirCioT da SeviZinoTgasarTobi wignebi, romlebSic gamoxatuli arian rogorcmamakacebi, aseve qalebi sxvadasxva kulturebidan aqtiuri daarastereotipuli moqmedi pirebis saxiT. klasSi kiTxvis ansuraTebiani wignebis Cvenebis dros, aucilebelia bavSvebisyuradRebis miqceva im karg saqmeebze da qcevebze, romelTaSesaxebac maTSi aris moTxrobili.iq, sadac aris amis SesaZlebloba, moswavleebs SeuZliaT monawileobamiiRon kulinaruli nawarmis momzadebaSi, sadurglosaqmeSi, mcenareTa gamoyvanaSi da xelsaqmeSi. SeiZleba aseveamgvari saqmianobebis organizeba TamaSebis saxiT, romlebicgamiznulia fantaziis ganviTarebisaTvis. ideaSi maTSi monawileobaunda miiRon rogorc biWebma, ise gogonebma. aseTi saqmianobisgamo azrTa sxvadasxvaobis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia,saWiro gaxdes wesebis SemoReba situaciis gawonasworebisaTvisda diskriminaciuli qmedebebis gadalaxvisaTvis. regularuligamoyenebisas wesebi Zveldeba. aseve bevria damokidebuli imaze,Tu rogor arian ganlagebuli moswavleebi klasSi. dasma darigSi mowyoba – ai moswavleTa organizebis ori CveulebrivisaSualeba. mniSvnelovania moveridoT bavSvebis dajgufebas ise,Tu es aZlierebs arsebul azrTa sxvadasxvaobas. saWiroa xeliSevuwyoT monawileTa damegobrebas, da aseve imis gagebas, romazrTa sxvadasxvaoba SesaZlebeli da Cveulebrivia.saqmianobis Semdegi saxe gankuTvnilia imisaTvis, rom moxdesmonawileTa Soris gansxvavebebisa da msgavsebis demonstrireba.niSnebia, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - saidan daviwyoT?bavSvebi jdebian wreSi. erTi maTgani dgeba wris SuaSi. igi asaxelebsromelime niSans. magaliTad: ìsini, vinc atareben qamars.~imaT, visac Seesabameba es gansazRvreba, unda Secvalon adgilebivinmesTan, visac am momentSi aseve ukeTia qamari. iman, vinc SuaSia,

66 bavSvis uflebebiaseve unda monaxos adgili. is, vinc rCeba uadgilod, dgeba SuaSida irCevs Semdeg niSans. bavSvebi Cqara iwyeben gagebas, rom maTSeuZliaT bevr rameSi iyvnen msgavsi da gansxvavebuli. sainteresoSeiZleba iyos dasasruli, roca irCeva romelime naklebad SesamCneviniSani, magaliTad: ìsini vinc bednieria/keTilia.~ TamaSi ametapze Cveulebriv wydeba, imitom rom Zneli xdeba TvaliT aseTiniSnebis gansazRvra. maswavleblebs SeuZliaT aseve imsjelon,rogor ganvsazRvroT es niSnebi.aucilebelia moxdes im Tanmimdevruli xazis gamomuSaveba, Turogor moviqceT klasSi winaaRmdegobebis warmoSobis SemTxvevaSi,rac sakmaod xSirad xdeba. moswavleebs unda avuxsnaT,rom arsebobs rigi saSualebebi, romlebic exmareba maT winaaRmdegobebisgadalaxvaSi. garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi klasSiaseTi saSualebebis mizanmimarTuli gamoyeneba daexmareba moswavleebsxasiaTis axali Tvisebebis gamomuSaveba, romelicgamoadgebaT mTeli sicocxlis manZilze.aucilebelia, maswavlebeli yovelTvis iyos mzad gansajos winaaRmdegobebida konfliqtebi. xazi gausviT azrs imis Sesaxeb, romnebismieri problema mogvarebadia. sasargeblo iqneboda, Tu bavSvebiifiqrebdnen romelime problemis Sesaxeb, imisaTvis, rommoZebnon gadaWris gzebi. qvemoT moyvanilia problemebis gada-Wrisadmi SedarebiT sistematuri midgomis ramdenime forma:1. gansazRvreT problema da aRiareT misi arseboba. TqveniTaraferi gaakeToT, TxoveT bavSvebs, romlebsac es SeexebaT,erTad ganixilon TavianTi qceva.2. aRwereT is, rac moxda. SeekiTxeT monawile bavSvebs daTviTmxilvelebisgan vinmes movlenebis Sesaxeb, romlebicmoxda. mieciT yvelas SesaZlebloba gamoTqvan azri rigrigobiT,Seuwyvetlad. iq, sadac es saWiro iqneba, Sei-Zleba bavSvis waxaliseba, masze moferebiT an moxveviT --amas aseve SeuZlia Seamsubuqos boRmis an bralis grZnoba.magram mniSvnelovania yovelTvis neitralurad darCena.3. moifiqreT rigi gadawyvetilebebi. hkiTxeT uSualo monawileebs,rogor SeiZleba gadawydes es problema. Tu bavSvebiver SeZleben amis gakeTebas, maswavleblebs SeuZliaTSesTavazon ramdenime gadawyvetileba.

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - saidan daviwyoT?674. daasabuTeT es gadawyvetilebebi. miuTiTeT, rom SeiZlebaarsebobdes erTze meti samarTliani gadawyvetileba. waaxaliseTbavSvebi am gadawyvetilebaTa fizikuri da emociuriSedegebis mosafiqreblad da SeaxseneT warsuli analogiurigamocdilebis Sesaxeb.5. SeimuSaveT moqmedebis gegma. moZebneT saerTo TanxmobaSeTavazebuli gadawyvetilebebidan erT-erTze.6. SeasruleT es gadawyvetileba.diskriminaciuli qcevis SemTxvevaSi gamosavlis povna ar arisadvili. rogorc Seuracxyofil, ise Seuracxmyofel bavSvs argaaCniaT naTeli warmodgena diskriminaciis Sesaxeb. aseT situaciaSimniSvnelovania maswavleblis moqmedebebi. rekomendirebulia,rom maswavleblebma upirveles yovlisa mtkiced dagmon rasistuliqceva da naTlad gaagebinon, rom is sruliad miuRebelia. maTaseve SeuZliaT gamoxaton aSkara mxardaWera bavSvze, romelicSeuracxyofis obieqti gaxda, amasTan boRmis, SiSisa da CarevisaTvismisi kritikis gareSe, magram simtkicisa da gagebis gamovleniTim bavSvTan mimarTebaSi, romelmac Caidina rasistuli qmedeba.saWiroa maswavleblebi daexmaron bavSvebs, romlebic aRmoCndnenmsxverpli, imis gagebaSi, rom negatiuri reaqcia maT garegnobaze,enaze an rasaze gamowveulia rasistuli damokidebulebiT.aseTi SemTxvevebis ganxilva saWiroa aseve mSoblebTan, sxva maswavleblebTanda adgilobrivi sazogadoebis sxva wevrebTan erTad.zemoaRniSnuli meTodi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas ara martosaskolo doneze, aramed kritikul situaciebSi skolis gare-Tac. igi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas nebismieri saxis diskriminaciuliqcevis mimarT. SesaZleblobis mixedviT, yovel xelsayrelSemTxvevaSi saWiroa bavSvebis yuradRebis miqceva klasSiarsebul eTnikur mravalferovnebaze, rac daexmarebaT maT gaacnobieronda dadebiTad aRiqvan igi. saWiroa gvaxsovdes, romwinaswar uaryofiTad ganwyobili damokidebuleba rasobrivi ansqesobrivi niSniT bavSvebSi Cveulebriv vlindeba Zalze adreulasakSi, da amitom SeiZleba misi gamosworeba.aseve saWiroa yuradReba mieqces imas, rom wavaxalisoT klasiizrunon yvela im bavSvze, romlebsac aqvT raime fizikurinakli. qvemoT moyvanilia ramdenime magaliTi imisa, Tu rogor

68 bavSvis uflebebiSeuZliaT bavSvebs gamoavlinon TavianTi individualuroba.1. vin var me da rogori var me?a) wigni - vin var mebavSvebi iwyeben wignis Seqmnas sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb, garekanzeavtoportretiT. am wignSi SeiZleba Segrovdes maTi naxatebi,moTxrobebi da leqsebi. imis gamo, rom bavSvebi swavlobenweras, maT aseve SeuZliaT Seitanon Sig cnobebi da kiTxvebimaT Sesaxeb, da aseve maTze pasuxebi. Tu saSualebebi SezRudulia,maSin SeiZleba erTi wignis SemoReba mTeli klasisaTvis, romelSicTiToeul bavSvs gamoeyofa erTi an ori gverdi.b) mrgvali magidabavSvebi sxdebian wreze, romelSic CarTulia maswavlebeli davinme stumari. maswavlebeli ambobs Semdeg frazebs:yvelaze metad sakuTar TavSi me momwons...me minda viyo...Cemi sayvareli TamaSi...me vfiqrob, rom Cemi saxeli niSnavs...me minda gavigo... ...Sesaxebme bednierad vgrZnob Tavs, roca...me vgrZnob mowyenilobas, roca...me minda gavxde ufro...odesme me vimedovneb...yovel frazas bavSvebi amateben rig-rigobiT. yovel maTganseZleva erTidaigive dro; Zalze mniSvnelovania movusminoT yvelasbolomde (amitom sityvis gawyvetineba akrZalulia). bavSvebsSeuZliaT `gauSvan~ Tavisi rigi, Tu moisurveben; yovelimaTgani rCeba Tavis adgilze bolomde. Semdeg SeiZleba pasuxebisSetana wignSi (wignebSi) `vin var me.~g) sicocxlis Zafiyoveli bavSvi Slis Zafs. is ganasaxierebs Tavis TavSi miscxovrebas. Semdeg bavSvebi amagreben masze naxatebsa damoTxrobebs, romlebSic dawvrilebiTaa gadmocemuli is mniSvnelovaniambebi, rac gadaxdaT maT cxovrebaSi. amis gakeTebaSeiZleba qronologiuri wesiT an nebismieri sxva wesiT, roml-

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - saidan daviwyoT?69iTac moisurveben bavSvebi. Zafi SeiZleba aseve gagrZeldesmomaval droSic.d) Cemi silueti kedelzegaakeTeT TiToeuli bavSvis silueti qaRaldis did furcelze(ukeTesia mwoliare mdgomareobaSi). TiToeulma monawilem undaaRweros Tavisi pirovnuli da fizikuri Tvisebebi (saxeli,simaRle, wona, rac bavSvs yvelaze metad unda iswavlos anakeTos skolaSi) etiketze, romelic Semdeg emagreba qaRalds.miamagreT qaRaldis es furclebi klasis kedlebs -- es Sesa-Zleblobas miscems yvela moswavles ukeT gaicnon erTmaneTi,da aseve ufro meti gaigon sakuTar Tavzec.e) me da Cemi grZnobebisaSualeba mieciT bavSvebs imsjelon, wreSi CadgomiT an rolebisganawilebiT TamaSis mimdinareobisas Semdeg sakiTxebze:smena me mexmareba...mxedveloba me mexmareba...ynosva me mexmareba...Sexeba me mexmareba...sakvebis gemos gasinjviT, me SemiZlia...gadaakeTeT sakiTxebi, sadac es saWiroa -- SeuwyveT isininaklis mqone bavSvebis moTxovnebs (magaliTad, ver vxedav (kargad?sruliad?), magram mainc es me var, da me SemiZlia...~). daeyvela bavSvma moifiqros raime saSualeba imisaTvis, rom gaiumjobesosynosva da Sexebis grZnoba. dae maT aRweron, daxatonda gamoxaton es scenaze.v) survilebis CafiqrebadasviT moswavleebi wreze. uTxariT, rom es aris survilebisCafiqrebis wre. SesTavazeT, rom yovelma bavSvma rigrigobiTCaifiqron Semdegi survilebi (amis gakeTeba SeiZleba agreTvepatara jgufebad an wyvilebad):me rom SemeZlos viyo romelime cxoveli, maSin me - - - imitom,rom...me rom SemeZlos viyo frinveli, maSin me - - - imitom, rom...me rom SemeZlos viyo mweri, maSin me - - - imitom, rom...me rom SemeZlos viyo yvavili, maSin me - - - imitom, rom...

70 bavSvis uflebebime rom SemeZlos viyo xe, maSin me - - - imitom, rom...me rom SemeZlos viyo avejis erT-erTi nawili, maSin me - - - imitom,rom...me rom SemeZlos viyo musikaluri instrumenti, maSin me - - -imitom, rom...me rom SemeZlos viyo avtomobili, maSin me - - - imitom, rom...me rom SemeZlos viyo quCa, maSin me - - - imitom, rom...me rom SemeZlos viyo saxelmwifo, maSin me - - - imitom, rom...me rom viyo sxva qveyana, maSin me - - - imitom, rom...me rom SemeZlos viyo TamaSi, maSin me - - - imitom, rom...me rom SemeZlos viyo firfita, maSin me - - - imitom, rom...me rom SemeZlos viyo satelevizio gadacema, maSin me - - - imitom,rom...me rom SemeZlos viyo kinofilmi, maSin me - - - imitom, rom...me rom SemeZlos viyo sakvebi, maSin me - - - imitom, rom...me rom SemeZlos viyo romelime feri, maSin me - - - imitom, rom...2. rogori urTierToba maqvs me sxva adamianebTana) Cemi Tojinebis ojaxiyvela bavSvi qmnis Tojinebisgan ojaxs, Tojinebidan erT-erTiTviTonaa. Tojinebi SeiZleba iyos Zalian ubralo. magaliTad,maTi gakeTeba SeiZleba SeRebili da joxze mimagrebuli muyaosnaWrebisagan, an Tixisagan. figurebs eZleva saxelebi, da xdebamaTi urTierTobis aRwera da axsna. Semdeg TiToeulma bavSvmaunda moifiqros raime wes-Cveuleba (magaliTad, qorwili) andResaswauli, romelsac uCveneben sxva monawileebs. SesaZlebeliaTojinebis ojaxis gafarToeba, masSi mezoblad mcxovrebi sxvaadamianebis CarTviT. bavSvebs SeuZliaT gaiTamaSon scenebi imisSesaxeb, rasac isini Cveulebriv akeTeben am adamianebTan imisaTvis,rom Sekribon isini erTad. gaafarToveT saqmianobis es saxe ise,rom masSi CaerTos adamianebi msoflios sxva nawilebidan.b) warmodgenili megobaribavSvebi TvaldaxuWuli dasxdnen an dawvnen da damSviddnen.uTxariT, rom Rrmad CaisunTqon, xolo Semdeg nela amoisunTqon.gaimeoreT igive orjer. Semdeg uTxariT, rom Tavi warmoidginonromelime gansakuTrebul adgilas, nebismier adgilas --sadme msoflioSi (Tundac TviT kosmosSi). uTxariT, rom isini

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - saidan daviwyoT?71seirnoben am adgilas, -- TavianT warmodgenaSi -- grZnoben,esmiT da xedaven rac iq xdeba. SeiyvaneT isini saxlSi, Senoba-Si, romelic maT SeuZliaT warmoidginon. iq unda ipovongansakuTrebuli oTaxi. oTaxs erT-erT kedelze aqvs moZravikari, romelic iReba zemoT aweviT. kari nela iweva, da CndebagansakuTrebuli megobari, romelsac isini adre arasdros Sexvedrian-- jer misi fexebi da, bolos, misi saxe. es megobariSeiZleba iyos moxuci an axalgazrda -- rogoric gnebavT. esmegobari yovelTvis iqaa da yovelTvis, rodesac bavSvs vinmesWirdeba, rom daelaparakos, vinmes mimarTos, mas SeuZlia isevmasTan mivides, Tuki moisurvebs. daxureT kari, wadiT am saxlidanda dabrundiT klasSi. waaxaliseT bavSvebi erTmaneTsgauziaron STabeWdilebebi imis Sesaxeb, rac maT warmoidgines-- [wriul] saubarSi, wyvilebad an jgufebad.g) werilebi da megobrebiorganizeba gaukeTeT sxva skolis an sxva qveynis klasTan mimoweras,klasisagan leqsebis an saCuqrebis gagzavniT. mogvianebiTaman SeiZleba migiyvanoT erTdRian mogzaurobamde, Tuki manZiliiZleva saSualebas, raTa mogeceT SesaZlebloba gaecnoT bavSvebssxva raionidan. daaTvaliereT megobrebis skola mimowerismixedviT: rogoria is sididiT? ra TamaSebs TamaSoben iq? rasakeTeben mSoblebi? ra gansxvaveba da ra msgavsebaa?d) megobarimaswavleblebma unda ecadon ise gaakeTon, rom maT moswavleebshyavdeT megobrebi ufrosi klasidan. aucilebelia saqmianobisorganizeba ise, rom waaxalisoT bavSvebi daxmarebaeZebon megobarTan, Tu maT warmoeSvaT problemebi. saWiroaufrosi megobris dainteresebis saSualebis gamoZebna mis umcrosmegobarze, TamaSSi CabmiT da daxmarebis gaweviT.e) isev wriuli saubaridasviT Semdegi kiTxvebi:yvelaze ufro megobrebSi me momwons...TanamSromloba da sxvebze daxmareba mniSvnelovania imitom,rom...me rom SemeZlos vaswavlo yvelas msoflioSi erTi sagani, esiqneboda...

72 bavSvis uflebebime ganvsxvavdebi sxvebisagan imitom, rom...me - iseTive var, rogoric sxvebi imitom, rom...v) mTvaris adamianebi~isaubreT `mTvaris adamianebis~ Sesaxeb. rogor atareben `mTvarisadamianebi~ `mTvaris Sarvals~ (`mTvaris mosasxams~ da a.S.), rogori`mTvaris Sinauri cxovelebi~ hyavT da a.S. bavSvebi dawvrilebiTgansazRvraven msgavsebebs da Cveulebriv amas akeTeben siamovnebiT.es procesi SeiZleba gakeTdes meti damajereblobiT da bevrsaSualebasTan meti daaxloebiT: scenebis gaTamaSebiT da nakeTobebisan kidev raRac msgavsis damzadebiT. gadaitaneT situaciadedamiwaze, `dedamiwis adamianebTan,~ `zRvis adamianebTan~, `zeciuriadamianebTan~ dakavSirebiT yvelafris gameorebiT. Semdeg esgaakeTeT sxva qveynebSi mcxovrebi xalxis mimarT.z) sarecxi manqana~daayeneT bavSvebi or paralelur rigSi mcire intervaliT erTmaneTispirispir. erTma bavSvma gaiaros am rigebs Soris erTibolodan (samrecxaos gavliT). yvelam, sadac es dasaSvebiaadgilobrivi kulturis pirobebSi, megobrulad xeli daartyasmas zurgze an CamoarTvas xeli qebis, simpatiisa da wamaxalisebelisityvebis warmoTqmasTan erTad. amis Sedegad aseTi`samrecxaodan~ gamodis bednieri, gabrwyinebuli saxis mqonepirovneba. Semdeg is uerTdeba rigs da es procedura Semdegisev meordeba (yoveldRiurad erTi an ori adamianis gatarebaaseT `manqanaSi~ ufro met siamovnebas ganiWebs, vidre yvelaadamianis erTdroulad).klasSi kargi klimatis arseboba, monawileobis da TanamSromlobisaucilebloba Znelia gadafasdes. bavSvebis winadadebebida Sefasebebi aseve Zalze sasargebloa klasSi ukeTesi garemosSeqmnisaTvis. miiReT maTi daxmareba da moaxdineT aucilebelicvlilebebi.ndobaSemdegi saxis samuSaoebi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas yovelasakobriv jgufTan. isini moswavleTa umravlesobas Soris daamkvidrebsaraCveulebriv damokidebulebas. davalebis Sesasrule-

73blad aucilebelia ndoba da jgufis mzadyofna iTanamSromlonda imuSaon erTad.ndoba iwyeba maswavlebeli moswavlis urTierTobidan. imisaTvis,rom moswavlem igrZnos Tavi Tavisuflad, saWiroa:- moswavleebs gavagebinoT, rom maswavlebeli iseTive adamiania,rogorc isini;- dawvrilebiT avuxsnaT samuSaos yoveli saxe;- avuxsnaT ucnobi sityvebi da cnebebi;- mivawodoT informacia (ara marto samuSaos konkretulisaxis, aramed momijnave problemebis Sesaxebac, romelicmoswavleTa cxovrebas ukavSirdeba).maswavlebelma iq, sadac es SesaZlebelia, yoveldRiurad undadauTmos ramdenime wuTi klasTan erTad gazeTebidan, radiodan,televiziidan an adgilobrivi cnobebidan axali ambebis ganxilvas.es miscems met SesaZleblobas Sexedos adamianis uflebaTaproblemas martivad da nakleb formalurad. es Tavismxriv SeiZleba iqces ganaTlebis Tavisebur saxed.brma ndobaa, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - saidan daviwyoT?dayaviT klasi wyvilebad. erT-erTma moswavlem auxvios Tvalebimeores. igi romelsac Tvalebi ar aqvs axveuli uyurebs`brmas~ ramdenime wuTis ganmavlobaSi. daakvirdiT, rom wamyvanmaborotad ar gamoiyenos Tavisi SesaZleblobebi waiyvanosTvalaxveuli radganac Canafiqric imaSi mdgomareobs, rom gamovimuSaoTndoba da ara gavaqroT igi. wamyvanma unda misces`brmas~, rac SeiZleba meti SesaZlebloba imisa, rom Seexossagnebs xelebiT an fexebiT, waiyvanos xmis mimarTulebiT anCarTos raRac TamaSSi.ramdenime wuTis Semdeg monawileebi Secvlian rolebs da gaimeorebenigives.rogorc ki TamaSis es saxeoba damTavrdeba mieciT moswavleebsSesaZlebloba ilaparakon imaze Tu ras akeTebdnen isini. imsjeleTimaze ras grZnobdnen brma partnioris rolSi, agreTvemaTi grZnobebi `wamyvanis~ rolSi.

74 bavSvis uflebebiamis Sedegad, SeiZleba gaigoT ara marto imis Sesaxeb Tu raswarmoadgens cxovreba brma an yru adamianisaTvis, aramed mogecemaTsaSualeba imsjeloT ndobaze saerTo jamSi. aman, Tavismxriv SesaZloa migiyvanoT saerTaSoriso urTierTSeTanxmebisproblemebze msjelobamde.klasSi gamosayenebeli ramdenime wesis gamomuSavebaramdenadac Semdegi saxis saqmianoba did gavlenas axdens klasSisaerTo atmosferoze, amdenad igi Zalian mniSvnelovania. esaris maswavleblis survilis naTeli gamomJRavneba, Caabas moswavleebiklasis marTvaSi da ganamtkicos piradi ndoba moswavleebisadmi.es aseve aiZulebs moswavleebs ifiqros imaze, romeliwesebia sasurveli da romeli SesaZlebelia klasSi, rogorSeiZleba Sesruldes isini, aseve rogoria maswavleblis rolixelmZRvanelobaSi, rom daicvas isini zedmeti Carevebisagan.praqtikulad es SesaZloa ganxorcieldes sxvadasxva xerxebiT:problemebis koleqtiuri ganxilviTa da gadawyvetilebaTaproeqtebis sruliad Tavisufali wamoyenebis gziT. mcire jgufebiT,romlebic TavianT daskvnebs Semdeg warudgenen mTeliklasis saerTo Sekrebaze; an individualuri davalebebis saxiT,romlebsac maswavlebeli Semdeg mTel klass warudgens.ra meTodic ar unda iqnas gamoyenebuli, aucilebelia maTiganxorcieleba uflebebTan da movaleobebTan kavSirSi. gansazRvreTis Tu ras cvlian moswavleebi da kiTxeT maT imisSesaxeb, Tu ra unda moxdes imisaTvis, rom TiToeuli uflebapraqtikaSi ganxorcielebuli iqnes. (magaliTad `yvelam undaigrZnos Tavi usafrTxod am oTaxSi - amitom aravin ar undaiCxubos an awyeninos vinmes~).kargi iqneboda dagewyoT iqidan, rom gekiTxaT moswavleTaTvisra `surT~ maT. (am survilebis sia sakmaod grZeli SeiZlebagamodges) sTxoveT maT am siidan amoirCion is, rac maTi azriTyvelaze ufro aucilebelia. isini unda mividnen SedarebiTmokle da zust CamonaTvalamde. dasasruls ki sTxoveT amoir-Cion maTi `moTxovnilebebidan~ is razec maT, rogorc sazogadoebiswevrebs gaaCniaT molodinis ùfleba~. kiTxeT maT Turatom gaakeTes aseTi arCevani. aseTi msjeloba gamoavlens

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - saidan daviwyoT?75moswavlis warmodgenas imis Taobaze, Tu ras Tvlis is marTladda ras ara.ZiriTad wesebze SeTanxmebis Semdeg saWiroa am wesebis klasSigakvra.problemebi SesaZloa Seiqmnas or SemTxvevaSi: SesaZloa Tvi-Ton moswavlem an maswavlebelma daarRvios wesi, da/an Sesa-Zloa es wesebi ar daemTxves sxva maswavleblis an skolisadministraciis wesebs. pirvel SemTxvevaSi iqmneba am wesebisxelaxali ganxilvis aucilebloba. es gamoiwvevs aucileblobaskargad dafiqrdnen imaze, Tu ra da ratom moxda. saerToSeTanxmebis gziT miRebuli wesrigis dacva yovelTvis Znelia.aseTi SeTanxmebis miRwevis procesi moiTxovs kompromisebsa dadetalur ganxilvas. am procesSi arsebobs aRmzrdelobiTielementi. meore SemTxvevaSi ki iqmneba aucilebloba imisa, rommTelma skolam miiRos yvela Tu ara zogierTi wesi mainc.moswavleebis mier adamianis uflebebisa damovaleobebis gacnobierebamas Semdeg, rac urTierTSeTanxmebulia klasSi gamosayenebeliwesebi, SesaZlebelia msgavs sakiTxebze globalurad msjeloba.a) dagegmva msoflio sazogadoebisaTvissTxoveT klass, (rogorc es aRwerilia pirvel TavSi) warmoadginonTiTqos maT daavales SeimuSaon da daadginon wesebimTeli msofliosaTvis. gegmis SedgeniT dakavebulT ar ecodinebaT,vin gaxdebian isini, rodesac SeuerTdebian am sazogadoebas,romlisTvisac adgenen wesebs: mamakacebi Tu qalebi,mdidrebi Tu Raribebi, axalgazrdebi Tu moxucebi. ar ecodinebaTromel rasaSi Sevlen, romel eTnikur jgufSi, romelkulturasa da romel religias miekuTvnebian.es SeiZleba gakeTdes mTeli klasiT, patara jgufebiT an calkeulimoswavleebis meSveobiT, romlebic Semdeg mogaxseneben Sesrulebulidavalebis Taobaze. zemoT miTiTebuli dakvirvebebi`survilebidan - moTxovnilebamde~, ùflebebidan - valdebulebebamde~dagexmarebaT adamianis uflebaTa minimaluri normebisgansazRvraSi.

76 bavSvis uflebebib) adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciazemoaRniSnuli saqmianobis Sedegi SeiZleba Sedarebuli iqnas,gaeros 1948 wels miRebul sayovelTao deklaraciis teqst-Tan. amgvari midgomis magaliTi mocemulia qvemoT namdvilteqstTan misi SedarebiT martivi eniT gadmocemuli teqstisparaleluri moyvaniT, ise rom moswavleebma SeZlon gaecnonimas Tu ra iyo dawerili mTeli Taobebis ukan, vin cdilobdaSeeqmna aseTi saxis sayovelTao da konkretuli CamonaTvali.martivi variantimuxli 1rodesac bavSvebi ibadebian, isiniTavisuflebi arian, da yovelmaTgans unda moepyron erTnairad.maT gaaCniaT goneba da sindisida megobrul damokidebulebaSiunda iyvnen erTmaneTTan.muxli 2yvelas SeuZlia hqondes pretenziaSemdeg uflebebze, miuxedavad- gansxvavebuli sqesisa;- gansxvavebuli kanis ferisa;- gansxvavebuli enisa, romli-Tac is laparakobs;- gansxvavebuli azrisa;- religiuri rwmenisa;- bevris an cotas flobisa;- sxva socialur jgufSi dabadebisa;- sxva qveynidan warmomavlobisa.ar aqvs mniSvneloba aseve imfaqts, aris Tqveni qveyana TavisufaliTu ara.originalimuxli 1yvela adamiani ibadeba Tavisufalida Tanaswori Tavisi RirsebiTada uflebebiT. maT momadlebuliaqvT goneba, sindisi daerTmaneTs Zmobis suliskveTebiTunda epyrobodnen.muxli 2winamdebare deklaraciiT gamocxadebuliyvela ufleba daTavisufleba miniWebuli undahqondes yvela adamians ganurCevladraime gansxvavebisa rasis,kanis feris, sqesis, enis, religiis,politikuri Tu sxva mrwamsis,erovnuli Tu socialuriwarmomavlobis, qonebrivi, wodebriviTu sxva mdgomareobissafuZvelze.ufro metic, dauSvebelia raimegansxvaveba im qveynis Tu teritoriispolitikuri, samarTlebrivian saerTaSoriso statusissafuZvelze, romelsac

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - saidan daviwyoT?77martivi variantioriginaliadamiani ekuTvnis, miuxedavadimisa es teritoria damoukidebeli,sameurveo, araTviTmmarTveliTu sxvagvarad SezRuduliaTavis suverenitetSi.muxli 3Tqven gaqvT ufleba icocxloT,da icxovroT Tavisuflebisa dausafrTxoebis pirobebSi.muxli 4aravis ara aqvs ufleba mogeqceTTqven, rogorc monas da Tqvencar unda aqcioT vinme monad.muxli 5aravis ara aqvs Tqveni wamebisufleba.muxli 6Tqven, rogorc yvela danarCeni,Tanabrad unda iyoT daculikanonis mier yvelgan.muxli 7kanoni -- erTia yvelasaTvis; isgamoyenebuli unda iqnas yvelasmimarT erTnairad.muxli 3yovel adamians aqvs sicocxlis,Tavisuflebisa da piradi xel-Seuxeblobis ufleba.muxli 4aravin ar unda imyofebodesmonobaSi an ZalmomreobiTi mor-Cilebis mdgomareobaSi. yvelasaxis monoba da monaTvaWrobaakrZalulia.muxli 5aravin ar unda daeqvemdebaroswamebas an sxva sastik, arahumanuran Rirsebis Semlaxav mopyrobasan sasjels.muxli 6yovel adamians, sadac unda imyofebodes,ufleba aqvs cnonmisi samarTalsubieqtoba.muxli 7yoveli adamiani Tanasworia kanoniswinaSe da, ganurCevlad raimegansxvavebisa, ufleba aqvs Tanabrad

78 bavSvis uflebebimartivi variantioriginaliiyos daculi kanoniT. yovel adamiansufleba aqvs Tanabrad iyosdaculi am deklaraciis sawinaaRmdegonebismieri diskriminaciisaganda aseTi diskriminaciis yovelgvariwaqezebisagan.muxli 8Tqven unda gqondeT SesaZleblobamimarToT iuridiuli daxmarebisaTvis,rodesac uflebebs,romelsac ganiWebT Tqveni qveyana,ar eqcevian pativiscemiT.muxli 9aravis ara aqvs ufleba mogaTavsoncixeSi, hyavdeT iq angagasaxlon Tqveni qveynidanusamarTlod da yovelgvarimizezis gareSe.muxli 8yovel adamians ufleba aqvsefeqturad aRadginos Tavisiuflebebi kompetentur erovnulsasamarTloSi im SemTxvevaSi,roca darRveulia misi konstituciuriTu kanoniT miniWebuliZiriTadi uflebebi.muxli 9aravin SeiZleba daeqvemdebarosTviTnebur dapatimrebas, daWerasan gaZevebas.muxli 10Tu Tqven unda gagasamarTlon,maSin es unda moxdes sajarod.adamianebma, romlebic gasamarTlebenTqven, ar unda miscenTavs ufleba imyofebodnensxva adamianebis gavlenis qveS.muxli 10yovel adamians, mis ufleba-movaleobaTada misTvis wayenebulsisxlis samarTlebriv braldebaTagansazRvrisaTvis, sruliTanasworobis safuZvelze, uflebaaqvs, misi saqme sajarod da samarTlianobisyvela moTxovnisdacviT ganixilos damoukidebelmada miukerZoebelma sasamarTlom.

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - saidan daviwyoT?79martivi variantimuxli 11udanaSaulod unda gTvlidnenmanam, sanam Tqveni danaSauli ariqneba damtkicebuli. Tu Tqvenbrals gdeben danaSaulSi, TqvenyovelTvis unda gqondeT dacvisufleba. aravis ara aqvs uflebagagkicxoT an dagsajoT imisaTvis,rac ar CagideniaT.originalimuxli 111. yovel adamians, romelsacbralad edeba danaSaulisCadena, ufleba aqvs udana-Saulod iTvlebodes manam,sanam misi damnaSaveoba dadgeniliar iqneba kanonis SesabamisadsasamarTlos mier,romlis drosac uzrunvelyofiliiqneba dacvis yvelaSesaZleblobiT.2. aravis SeiZleba msjavri daedosiseTi moqmedebis an umoqmedobisaTvis,romelic CadenismomentSi ar warmoadgendadanaSauls erovnuli an saer-TaSoriso samarTlis Sesabamisad.agreTve dauSvebelia imazeufro mZime sasjelis dadeba,vidre gamoyenebuli iqneboda,danaSaulis Cadenis dros.muxli 12Tqven gaqvT ufleba moiTxovoTdamcveli, Tu vinme cdilobsTqveni keTili saxelis xelyofas,Tqvens saxlSi Semosvlas,Tqveni werilebis gaxsnas anTqveni an Tqveni ojaxis umizezodSewuxebas. Umuxli 12.aravin unda ganicados misi piradida ojaxuri cxovrebis,sacxovrebeli binisa da korespondenciis,aseve misi pativisada Rirsebis TviTneburi xelyofa.yovel adamians ufleba aqvsdaculi iyos kanonis mier ase-Ti Carevisa da xelyofisagan.

80 bavSvis uflebebimartivi variantimuxli 13Tqven gaqvT ufleba TavisufladgadaadgildeT Tqveni qveynis SigniT.gaqvT ufleba waxvideT Tqveniqveynidan da gaemgzavroT sxvaqveyanaSi; da Tqven unda gqondeTSesaZlebloba dabrundeT TqvensqveyanaSi, survilisamebr.originalimuxli 131. yovel adamians aqvs nebismierisaxelmwifos farglebSi gadaadgilebisada sacxovreblisTavisuflad arCevis ufleba.2. yovel adamians ufleba aqvsdatovos nebismieri qveyana,maT Soris sakuTaric, dadabrundes Tavis qveyanaSi.muxli 14Tu vinme gCagravT da SeuracxyofasgayenebT, ufleba gaqvTwaxvideT sxva qveyanaSi da iqiTxovoT dacva.Tqven kargavT am uflebas, TuTqven vinme mokaliT da Tu TqvenTviTon ar scemT pativs imas,rac aq aris dawerili.muxli 141. yovel adamians ufleba aqvsdevnis sawinaaRmdegod sxvaqveynebSi eZebos da isargeblosTavSesafriT.2. es ufleba ar SeiZleba gamoyenebuliqnes iseTi devniswinaaRmdeg, romlis safuZvelswarmoadgens arapolitikuridanaSaulis, an ise-Ti qmedobis Cadena, romelicewinaaRmdegeba gaerTianebulierebis organizaciismiznebsa da principebs.muxli 15Tqven gaqvT ufleba ekuTvnodeTromelime qveyanas, da aravis arSeuZlia safuZvliani mizezisgareSe xeli SegiSaloT TqvenekuTvnodeT sxva qveyanas, TuTqven amas moisurvebT.muxli 151. yovel adamians aqvs moqalaqeobisufleba.2. aravis SeiZleba TviTneburadCamoerTvas moqalaqeoba anTavisi moqalaqeobis Secvlisufleba.

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - saidan daviwyoT?81muxli 18yoveli adamiani sargeblobs azris,sindisisa da religiis TavisuflebiT;es ufleba moicavs saku-Tari religiis an rwmenis Secvlis,sakuTari religiis an aRm-martivi variantimuxli 16srulwlovanebis miRwevisas adamiansgaaCnia qorwinebisa daojaxis Seqmnis ufleba. Sesabamisad,arc Tqveni kanis feri, arcTqveni warmoSobis qveyana, arcTqveni religia ar unda gaxdesdabrkoleba. mamakacebsa daqalebs gaaCniaT Tanabari uflebebi,rodesac isini qorwindebianda aseve, rodesac Sordebian.aravis ar aqvs ufleba adamiansaiZulos qorwineba.Tqveni qveynis mTavrobam unda daicvasTqveni ojaxi da misi wevrebi.muxli 17Tqven gaqvT ufleba flobdeTnivTebs, da aravis ar gaaCniaufleba mniSvnelovani safuZvlisgareSe CamogarTvaT isini.muxli 18Tqven gagaCniaT ufleba TavisufladaRiaroT nebismieri religia,SeicvaloT igi da SeasruloTmisi wesebi damoukidebladan sxva adamianebTan erTad.originalimuxli 161. yovel srulwlovan mamakacsada qals rasis, erovnebisan religiis niSniT raimeSezRudvis gareSe uflebaaqvs daqorwindes da Seqmnasojaxi. isini sargeblobenerTnairi uflebebiT SeuRlebis,qorwinebaSi yofnisa daganqorwinebis dros.2. qorwineba SesaZlebelia mxolodorive meuRlis Tavisufalida sruli TanxmobissafuZvelze.3. ojaxi sazogadoebis bunebrivida ZiriTadi ujrediada ufleba aqvs daculi iyossazogadoebisa da saxelmwifosmier.muxli 171. yovel adamians ufleba aqvsflobdes qonebas rogorcdamoukideblad, ise sxvebTanerTad.2. aravis unda CamoerTvas misiqoneba TviTneburad.

82 bavSvis uflebebimartivi variantioriginalisareblobis, rogorc damoukideblad,aseve sxvebTan erTad sajarodan kerZod, moZRvrebis,RvTis msaxurebis da religiur anritualur wes-CveulebaTa SesrulebisTavisuflebas.muxli 19Tqven gaqvT ufleba ifiqroT, racgsurT, TqvaT, rac gsurT, da aravinar unda agikrZaloT amis gakeTeba.Tqven unda gagaCndeT Tqveniazrebis gaziarebis SesaZleblobanebismieri sxva qveynis adamianebisaTvis.muxli 20Tqven gaqvT ufleba organizebagaukeToT mSvidobian Sekrebebsan monawileoba miiRoT SekrebebSimSvidobiani gziT. arasworiavinmes iZuleba ekuTvnodes romelimejgufs.muxli 21Tqven gaqvT ufleba monawileobamiiRoT Tqveni qveynis politikurcxovrebaSi, TviTonvemonawileobdeT mmarTvelobaSi,an sxva politikuri moRvaweebisarCevis gziT, romlebiciziareben igive ideebs, rasacmuxli 19yoveli adamiani sargeblobsazrisa da gamoxatvis TavisuflebiT;es ufleba moicavsTavisuflebas, daubrkolebladmisdevdes Tavis mrwamss da moiZios,miiRos da gaavrcelos informaciada ideebi nebismierisaSualebiT, saxelmwifo sazRvrebismiuxedavad.muxli 201. yoveli adamiani sargeblobsmSvidobiani Sekrebebisa daasociaciebis TavisuflebiT.2. aravin SeiZleba aiZulon Sevidesraime asociaciaSi.muxli 211. yovel adamians ufleba aqvsmonawileobdes Tavisi qveynismarTva-gamgeobaSi uSualod,an Tavisuflad arCeuli warmomadgenlebismeSveobiT.2. yovel adamians ufleba aqvsTanabar safuZvelze Sevides

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - saidan daviwyoT?83muxli 231. yovel adamians aqvs Sromis,samuSaos Tavisuflad arCevis,Sromis samarTliani da xel-martivi variantiTqven. mTavroba irCeva regularuladda kenWisyra unda iyosfaruli. Tqven unda gqondeTxmis ufleba, da yvela xma undaiyos Tanabari. aseve Tqven gaqvTufleba, zustad ise, rogorcyvela sxvas, SexvideT saxelmwifosamsaxurSi.originaliTavisi qveynis sajaro samsaxurSi.3. saxelmwifo xelisuflebissafuZvelia xalxis neba; esneba unda gamoixatos periodulda samarTlian arCevneb-Si, romlebic unda tardebodessayovelTao da TanasworisaarCevno uflebissafuZvelze, faruli kenWisyriTan sxva Tanabar mniSvnelovaniformebis meSveobiT,romlebic uzrunvelyofenxmis micemis Tavisuflebas.muxli 22sazogadoeba, romelSic TqvencxovrobT, maqsimalurad undadagexmaroT, raTa ganviTardeTda maqsimalurad gamoiyenoTyvela misi upiratesoba (kultura,samuSao, socialuriuzrunvelyofa), romlebic ge-ZlevaT Tqven da yvela mamakacsda qals Tqvens qveyanaSi.muxli 23Tqven gaqvT muSaobis, samuSaosTavisuflad arCevis, xelfasismiRebis ufleba, romelic Tqvenmuxli 22yovel adamians, rogorc sazogadoebiswevrs, aqvs socialuridacvis ufleba da ufleba moaxdinosTavisi Rirsebis SenarCunebada Tavisi pirovnebis TavisufaliganviTareba ekonomikur, socialurda kulturul dargSierovnuli Zalisxmevisa da saer-TaSoriso TanamSromlobis meSveobiTda TiToeuli saxelmwifosstruqturisa da resursebisSesabamisad.

84 bavSvis uflebebimartivi variantimogcemT SesaZleblobas icxovroTda arCinoT ojaxi. Tumamakaci da qali akeTebs erTgvarsamuSaos, maT unda miiRonTanabari xelfasi. yvelas, vincmuSaobs, ufleba aqvT gaerTiandnenTavianTi interesebisaTvis.muxli 24samuSao dRe ar unda iyos ZalianxangrZlivi, radgan yvelas aqvsdasvenebis ufleba da undagaaCndes perioduli anazRaurebadiSvebulebiT sargeblobisSesaZlebloba.originalimuxli 25Tqven gagaCniaT ufleba gqondeTyvelaferi, rac aucilebesayrelipirobebisa daumuSevrobisgan dacvis ufleba.2. yovel adamians aqvs, diskriminaciisgareSe, TanabariSromis Tanabrad anazRaurebisufleba.3. yovel adamians, romelicSromobs, ufleba aqvs iRebdessamarTlian da damakmayofilebelgasamrjelos,romelic uzrunvelyofsRirseul adamianur arsebobasTviTon misTvis da misi ojaxisaTvisda romelsac, aucileblobisSemTxvevaSi, ematebasocialuri uzrunvelyofissxva saxsrebi.4. yovel adamians ufleba aqvsSeqmnas profesiuli kavSirebida Tavisi interesebis dasacavadSevides profesiulgaerTianebebSi.muxli 24yovel adamians aqvs dasvenebisa daTavisufali drois gamoyenebisufleba samuSao dRis gonivruliSezRudvisa da perioduli anazRaurebuliSvebulebis CaTvliT.muxli 251. yovel adamians ufleba aqvsqondes cxovrebis iseTi done,

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - saidan daviwyoT?85muxli 261. yovel adamians aqvs ganaTlebisufleba. ganaTlebaufaso unda iyos sulmcire, dawyebiT da zogaddoneze. dawyebiTi ganaTlebaunda iyos savaldebulo.teqnikuri da profesiuliganaTleba unda iyos sayovelTaodxelmisawvdomi,umaRlesi ganaTleba ki erT-martivi variantilia, imisaTvis raTa Tqven daTqveni ojaxi ar avadmyofobdeT,ar SimSilobdeT, gqondeTtansacmeli da sacxovrebeli daaseve ufleba rom gexmarebodnen,rodesac Tqven ar muSaobT,avad xarT an moxuci xarT, anTu gardaicvala Tqveni meuRle,an Tu Tqven ver SoulobT sar-Cen fuls Tqvengan damoukidebeliraime sxva mizeziT.qali, romelic elodeba bavSvs,da misi bavSvi unda RebulobdesgansakuTrebul daxmarebas.yvela bavSvs gaaCnia Tanabariufleba, imisgan damoukideblad,gaTxovilia bavSvis deda Tu ara.originalisakvebis, tansacmlis, binis,samedicino da saWiro socialurimomsaxurebis CaTvliT,romelic aucilebeliaTviTon misi da misi ojaxisjanmrTelobisa da keTildReobisSesanarCuneblad, aseveufleba aqvs uzrunvelyofiliiyos umuSevrobis, avadmyofobis,invalidobis, qvrivobis,moxucebulobis an misgandamoukidebel garemoebaTa gamoarsebobis saSualebaTadakargvis sxva SemTxvevaSi.2. dedoba da Cvili bavSvisyola iZleva gansakuTrebulimzrunvelobis da daxmarebiTsargeblobis uflebas.yvela bavSvi, dabadebuliqorwinebaSi Tu qorwinebisgareSe, unda sargeblobdeserTnairi socialuri dacviT.muxli 26Tqven gaqvT ufleba iaroT skolaSi,yvela unda dadiodes skolaSi.dawyebiTi ganaTleba undaiyos ufaso. Tqven unda gagaCndeTSesaZlebloba miiRoT profesiaan iswavloT imdeni, ramdensacmoisurvebT. skolaSiTqven unda gqondeT saSualebaganaviTaroT yvela Tqveni unari,da Tqven unda gaswavlon

86 bavSvis uflebebimuxli 271. yovel adamians ufleba aqvsTavisuflad monawileobdessazogadoebis kulturulcxovrebaSi, tkbebodes xelovnebiT,monawileobdessamecniero progresSi dasargeblobdes misi sikeTiT.2. yovel adamians ufleba aqvsdaculi iyos misi moralurida materialuri interesebi,rogorc Sedegi im mec-martivi variantisxvebTan Segueba maTi rasis, religiisada warmoSobis qveynisagandamoukideblad. TqvensmSoblebs ufleba aqvT airCion,rogor da ra unda gaswavlonskolaSi.muxli 27Tqven gaqvT ufleba monawileobdeTTqveni sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi,rac Seexeba xelovnebasada mecnierebas, damiiRoT amisgan sargebeli. Tqvenimxatvruli, mwerlobis anmecnieruli naSromebi daculiunda iyos, da unda gqondeTSesaZlebloba isargebloT TqveniSromis SedegebiT.originalinairad xelmisawvdomi yvelasaTvismaTi unaris Sesabamisad.2. ganaTleba mimarTuli undaiyos adamianis pirovnebissruli ganviTarebisa daadamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTadTavisuflebaTa pativiscemisgaZlierebisaken. ganaTlebaxels unda uwyobdesyvela xalxis, yvelarasobrivi da religiurijgufis urTierTgagebas,Semwynareblobas, megobrobasda gaerTianebuli erebisorganizaciis moRvaweobasmSvidobis SesanarCuneblad.3. mSoblebs aqvT TavianTi mcirewlovaniSvilebisaTvis ganaTlebisarCevis prioriteti.

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - saidan daviwyoT?87martivi variantioriginalinieruli, literaturulida mxatvruli naSromebisa,romelTa avtoric is aris.muxli 28imisaTvis, rom pativi scen Tqvensuflebebs, unda arsebobdes maTidamcavi `wesrigi~. es `wesrigi~unda arsebobdes iq, sadac TqvencxovrobT da mTel msoflioSi.muxli 28yovel adamians aqvs iseTi socialurida saerTaSoriso wesrigisufleba, romlis pirobebSic Sesa-Zlebelia am deklaraciiT gansazRvruluflebaTa da TavisuflebaTamTlianad ganxorcieleba.muxli 29Tqven gagaCniaT movaleobani sazogadoebiswinaSe da mxolodaseTi pirobiT aris SesaZlebeliTqveni pirovnebis sruli ganviTareba.kanoni unda iZleodesadamianis uflebebis dacvis garantias.man unda uzrunvelyos,rom TiToeulma pativi scessxvebs da rom sxvebma pativisces mas.muxli 291. yovel adamians aqvs movaleobebisazogadoebis winaSe,radgan mxolod sazogadoebaSiaSesaZlebeli misipirovnebis Tavisufali dasruli ganviTareba.2. Tavis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTaganxorcielebisasyoveli adamiani unda ganicdidesmxolod iseT SezRudvebs,rogoric kanoniTaa dadgenilimxolod im mizniT,raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnessxvebis uflebaTa daTavisuflebaTa jerovaniaRiareba da pativiscema, dadakmayofildes zneobis, sazogadoebriviwesrigisa dasaerTo keTildReobis samarTlianimoTxovnebidemokratiul sazogadoebaSi.

88 bavSvis uflebebimartivi variantioriginali3. am uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTaganxorcieleba aravi-Tar SemTxvevaSi ar undaewinaaRmdegebodes gaerTianebulierebis organizaciismiznebsa da principebs.muxli 30msoflios nebismier nawilSi arcerTma sazogadoebam, arc erTmaadamianma ar unda dauSvas moqmedebebi,romlebic zians ayenebenzemoCamoTvlil uflebebs.muxli 30am deklaraciaSi araferi ar undaganimartos, rogorc romelimesaxelmwifosaTvis, pirTa jgufisada calkeuli pirebisaTvis ise-Ti uflebis miniWeba romelicmaTi saqmianobis an moqmedebaTaSedegad gamoiwvevs am deklaraciaSiCamoTvlil uflebaTa daTavisuflebaTa mospobas.moswavleebs SeuZliaT moaxdinon aseTive Sedareba ekonomikuri,socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis Sesaxeb saerTaSorisopaqtisa da samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb saer-TaSoriso paqtis teqstebis gamoyenebiT. amis gakeTeba SeiZlebawarmodgeniT, rom magaliTad, isini ganumartaven yovel muxlsumcros moswavleebs.g) bavSvTa uflebebimoswavleebs, SesaZlebelia, moesurvoT imis gageba, arsebobsTu ara uflebebi da movaleobebi, romlebic ufro konkretuladSeexeba maT, ara ubralod rogorc adamianebs, aramedrogorc axalgazrda adamianebs - rogorc bavSvebs. risi gakeTeba(an argakeTeba) arasworia viRacisTvis mxolod imitom,rom zustad am droisaTvis is `bavSvia~? gaerTianebul erebisorganizaciis bavSvis uflebaTa deklaracia (1959 weli) ammimarTebiT adgens zogierT ZiriTad normas.

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - saidan daviwyoT?89rogorc sayovelTao deklaraciis SemTxvevaSi, qvemoT bavSvTauflebebis deklaraciis originalis teqstis paralelurad moyvaniliaufro ubralo eniT gadmocemuli reziume.martivi variantiprincipi 1yovel bavSvs aqvs ufleba imaze,rac miTiTebulia qvemoT, maTirasis, kanis feris, sqesis, enis,religiis, politikuri an sxvagvarimrwamsisagan da dabadebisadgilisagan damoukideblad.originaliprincipi 1bavSvs unda hqondes am deklaraciiTgamocxadebuli yvelaufleba. TiToeuli bavSviaRWurvilia am uflebebiT misian misi ojaxis wevrebis kanisferis, sqesis, enis, religiis,politikuri Tu sxva mrwamsis,erovnuli Tu socialuri warmoSobis,qonebrivi, wodebrivi Tusxva mdgomareobis safuZvelzeraime gansxvavebis an diskriminaciisan raime gamonaklisisgareSe.principi 2Tqven gaqvT ufleba gaizardoTda ganviTardeT fizikurad dasulierad janmrTeli da normaluri,Tavisuflebisa daRirsebis dacvis pirobebSi.principi 2bavSvi eqvemdebareba gansakuTrebuldacvas. saWiroa sakanonmdebloda sxva Sesabamisi gzebismoZieba, raTa bavSvs miecesSesaZlebloba da saSualebebiganviTardes fizikurad, gonebrivad,moralurad, sulierad dasocialurad jansaRi da misaRebiformiT, Tavisuflebisa da pativiscemisatmosferoSi.

90 bavSvis uflebebimartivi variantiprincipi 3Tqven gaqvT saxelis ufleba daufleba iyoT romelime qveynismoqalaqe.principi 4Tqven gaqvT gansakuTrebulizrunvisa da dacvis, kargi kvebis,sacxovreblisa da samedicinomomsaxurebis ufleba.principi 5Tqven gaqvT gansakuTrebulizrunvis ufleba, Tu Tqven gaqvTfizikuri an sxva nakli.principi 6Tqven gaqvT siyvarulisa da gagebisufleba upirveles yovlisamSoblebisa da ojaxis mxridan,magram maTi aryofnisas asevemTavrobis mxridan.originaliprincipi 3bavSvi dabadebidanve aRWurviliasaxelisa da erovnebis qonisuflebiT.principi 4bavSvi unda iyos socialuraddaculi. mas aqvs jansaR garemoSiaRzrdisa da ganviTarebisufleba; am mizniT, rogorc bavSvi,ise deda uzrunvelyofiliunda iyos gansakuTrebulimzrunvelobiTa da dacviTrogorc bavSvis dabadebamde, isemisi dabadebis Semdgom period-Si. bavSvs aqvs saTanado kvebis,sacxovreblis, dasvenebisa dasamedicino momsaxurebis miRebisufleba.principi 5fizikurad, gonebrivad an socialuradarasrulfasovanibavSvi aRWurvilia misi mdgomareobisSesaferisi gansakuTrebulimopyrobis, ganaTlebisa damzrunvelobis miRebis uflebiT.principi 6bavSvi misi pirovnebis srulida harmoniuli ganviTarebisaTvissaWiroebs siyvarulsa da gagebas.igi, ramdenadac es Sesa-Zlebelia, unda izrdebodes

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - saidan daviwyoT?91martivi variantioriginalimSoblebis yuradRebisa da pasuxismgeblobisqveS da nebismierSemTxvevaSi siyvarulisa damoraluri da materialuridacvis atmosferoSi; mcirewlovanibavSvi, gansakuTrebuli garemoebebisgarda, ar unda iqnasdedisagan daSorebuli. sazogadoebasada saxelmwifo xelisuflebisorganoebs evalebaTojaxisa da saarsebo saSualebebisgareSe darCenil bavSvebzezrunva. saxelmwifos mxridansasurvelia mravalSvilianiojaxebisaTvis finansuri dasxvagvari daxmarebis aRmoCena.principi 7Tqven gaqvT ufleba iaroT skolaSiufasod, iTamaSoT dagqondeT ganviTarebis TanabariSesaZleblobebi, da aseve iswavloT,iyoT pasuxismgebelida sasargeblo.Tqvens mSoblebs akisriaT gansakuTrebulipasuxismgeblobaTqveni ganaTlebisa da swavlebisaTvis.principi 7bavSvs aqvs ganaTlebis miRebisufleba, romelic dawyebiT donezemainc ufaso da savaldebulounda iyos. ganaTlebam xeliunda Seuwyos bavSvis zogadikulturis donis amaRlebas,Tanabari SesaZleblobebispirobebSi misi unaris, masSidamoukidebeli azrovnebisa damoraluri da socialuri pasuxismgeblobisgrZnobis ganvi-Tarebas, raTa igi aqcios sazogadoebissrulfasovan wevrad.bavSvis saukeTeso interesebi misaRzrdasa da ganaTlebaze pasuxismgebeliyvela pirisaTvis

92 bavSvis uflebebimartivi variantioriginalisaxelmZRvanelo principia; espasuxismgebloba, upirvelesyovlisa, ekisrebaT mSoblebs.bavSvs aqvs TamaSisa da dasvenebisufleba, romelic mimarTuliunda iyos imave miznisganxorcielebisaken, rasac isaxavsmisi ganaTleba; sazogadoebamda saxelmwifo xelisuflebisorganoebma am uflebis ganxorcielebisakenunda mimarTonTavianTi Zalisxmeva.principi 8Tqven gaqvT ufleba yovelTvisiyoT maT Soris, vinc pirveliRebulobs daxmarebas.principi 9Tqven gaqvT yvela sastiki moqmedebisada eqspluataciisagandacvis ufleba, magaliTad, Tqvenar unda dagavaldebulon ake-ToT samuSao, romelic xelsuSlis Tqvens, rogorc fizikur,aseve gonebriv ganviTarebas.Tqven ar unda imuSaoT sanamZalian patara asakis xarT daaraviTar SemTxvevaSi, Tu es ziansmiayenebs Tqvens janmrTelobas anxels SeuSlis Tqvens zneobrivda fizikur ganviTarebas.principi 8bavSvi nebismier garemoebaSi pirveliiRebs dacvasa da daxmarebas.principi 9bavSvi daculi unda iyos ugulebelyofis,sastiki mopyrobisa daeqspluataciisagan. igi ar SeiZlebadaeqvemdebaros raime formis iZulebiTdaqiravebul Sromas.ar SeiZleba bavSvis Sromisgamoyeneba, sanam igi Sesabamisminimalur asaks ar miaRwevs; arSeiZleba bavSvis iZuleba an mis-Tvis nebis darTva daikavos adgilian eweodes SromiT saqmianobas,romelic mis janmrTelobazean ganaTlebaze uaryofiTadmoqmedebs an xels uSlismis fizikur, gonebriv anmoralur ganviTarebas.

a, b, g adamianis uflebaTa swavlebaze - saidan daviwyoT?93martivi variantioriginaliprincipi 10Tqven unda gaswavlon yvelaadamianTan mSvidobianad da megobruladcxovreba, gagebisa damoTminebis gamovlena.principi 10bavSvi daculi unda iyos iseTiCveulebebis gavlenisagan, romlebicaRvivebs rasobriv, religiurda sxva formis diskriminacias.igi unda izrdebodesurTierTgagebis, Semwynareblobis,xalxTa Soris mSvidobisa dasayovelTao Zmobis suliskveTebiT,sruli gacnobierebiT, rommisi energia da niWi eZRvnebaTanamedroveobis samsaxurs.zogierT qveyanaSi gaTvaliswinebulia bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxebsatelevizio gadacemebic ki. moswavleebma, SesaZlebelia, TviTonmoindomon zogierTi msgavsi programis momzadeba. patara jgufebsSeuZliaT gaakeTon maTi inscenireba TavianTi klasisaTvis.[iunisef-is] regionalur ganyofilebebSi moipoveba plakatebida sxva masalebi, romlebic SeiZleba TqvenTvis sasargebloaRmoCndes. unda mivmarToT Semdeg misamarTze: DevelopmentEducation Unit 7 Unites Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF), Palais desNations, CH-1211, Geneva 10, Switzerland; an 866 United Nations Plaza, 6thFloor, New York, New York 10017, United States of America.d) kavSirebiganxilvis dros, romelzec saubari iyo zemoT, scadeT klasis(an im patara jgufebis, romlebadac Tqven, SesaZlebelia, ukvedaanawileT igi) dayofa patara wreebad. yovel jgufs mieciTZafis gorgali. moswavleebi laparakoben rigrigobiT, da rodesacamas akeTeben, maT unda gadascen es gorgali erTmaneTs,amave dros misi daSliT. yvelas ukidia xeli am Zafze, yovelTvis,rodesac igi gaivlis mis xelSi.sabolood, mTeli jgufi xdeba ZafiT dakavSirebuli, rac naTladuCvenebs urTierTobis sqemas, romelic mimdinareobda amwris SigniT. am wris ufro aqtiur wevrebs xelSi eWirebaTufro meti Zafi, vidre sxvebs.

94 bavSvis uflebebiTavi IIIadamianis ZiriTad uflebaTazogierTi problema(dawyebiTi skolis ufrosi klasi, saSualo skolis umcrosida ufrosi klasebi)adamianis uflebaTa kulturis farglebSi mimdinareobs kacobriobisaTvispozitiuri principebis gansazRvris mcdeloba.aqedan gamomdinareobs ZiriTadi problemebi, romlebic dakav-Sirebulia am principebis realizaciasTan. mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes,rom zogierTi am problemaTagani SeiZleba aRmoCndeswinaaRmdegobrivi, da amitom rekomendirebulia, rom maswavlebelmagamoiCinos windaxeduleba.Tu maswavlebels surs Semoifarglos erTi an ramdenime problemiT-- magaliTad, mSvidoba da ganiaraReba, msoflio ganvi-Tareba, sindisis patimari, erovnuli umciresoba, antirasizmi anantiseqsizmi -- aseT SemTxvevaSi sasargeblo iqneboda maTi mTlianadadamianis uflebaTa konteqstSi ganxilva. maSin monawileebi Se-Zleben gaigon, rom, rac maT ganixiles, warmoadgens mxolodzogadi midgomis nawils, romelic aerTianebs bevr sxva uflebas.zogadi gageba uzrunvelyofs Tvalsawieris sifarToves,Tumca, imavdroulad konkretuli problema aseT midgomas matebssiRrmes. maswavleblebi, romlebic specializirdebian adamianisuflebaTa sxvadasxva sferoebSi, praqtikaSi muSaoben gverdigverdimisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyon problemis farTo gageba.sicocxlis dacva - pirovneba sazogadoebaSiimisaTvis, rom misces kacobriobis, rogorc individebis er-Tobliobis Sesaxeb, naTeli warmodgena, maswavlebels SeuZliaimuSaos monawileebTan cnebis - adamianuri - mniSvnelobaze. es- samuSaos ufro rTuli saxea, romelic adre gakeTda sakuTarTavSi darwmunebasTan da pativiscemasTan mimarTebaSi. individebi- sazogadoebrivi arsebebia; Cven vflobT individualurobas,magram yovelive danarCens Cven vswavlobT sxva adamianebTanTanacxovrebiT. amitom saubari individualurobaze - aris amavedros saubari sazogadoebazec.

a, b, g adamianis ... swavlebaze - adamianis ZiriTad ... problemaa) ras niSnavs viyoT adamianebi~.95moaTavseT romelime Sesaferisi sagani (magaliTad, gadabrunebulisaqaRalde) klasis winaSe. uTxariT, rom es aris stumarisxva samyarodan. stumars surs gaigos im arsebebis Sesaxeb,romlebic sakuTar Tavs uwodeben àdamianebs~. sTxoveT klassgamoTqvan azrebi, romlebic daexmareboda stumars ganesazRvraCveni Tavi, rogorc àdamianebi~.b) werili boTliTsTxoveT moswavleebs moifiqron, ra sagnebs Cadebdnen kafsulaSi,romelic gaigzavneba kosmosSi da mouTxrobs maT kacobriobisSesaxeb. SesTavazeT monawileebs warmoidginon, romisini cxovroben iseT droSi (aTi wlis Semdeg?), rodesacìqedan~ miRebuli iqna signali da gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciaapirebs gagzavnos informacia specialuri xomaldiT.monawileTa amocanaa - amoarCios Tu ras gaagzavnis: musikas,adamianTa figurebs, tansacmels, literaturas da a.S. aqtiuradimuSaveT mTel klasTan, patara jgufs an calkeulmonawiles mieciT proeqtis Sedgenis davaleba.sakiTxebi, romelTa gamokvlevac xdeba: `ra var me?~ `vin varme?~ - Rrma SekiTxvebia. saqmianobis zemoT aRniSnuli saxeebimonawileebs unda daexmaros Seicnon sakuTari Tavi adamianebad.es Zalze mniSvnelovania imisaTvis, rom SemdgomSi maTSeZlon igrZnon Tavi kacobriobis nawilad, romlebic pasuxismgebelniarian kacobriobis winaSe mTeli misi mravalsaxeobiTada nairsaxeobiT. imis dadgena, Tu ra warmoadgens kacobriobasmTlianobaSi, dagvexmareba gavigoT, ra SeiZleba iyosara adamianuri.g) dasawyisi da dasasrulisazogadoebaSi mcxovrebi adamiani Zalian rTuli fenomenia.maswavleblis Sexedulebisamebr klass SeuZlia Sexedos sicocxlisuflebas individis cxovrebis dasawyisisa da dasasrulisTvalsazrisiT.sad iwyeba sicocxle?SeiZleba ki igi warTmeul iqnas?

96 bavSvis uflebebid) maria gauCinarda!~rolebis ganawilebiT Semdegi TamaSis mimdinareobisas maswavlebelsmoeTxoveba windaxeduleba.gaacaniT klass Semdegi wvrilmanebi:`Tqveni saxeli aris maria. Tqven xarT Jurnalisti. Tqven dawereTstatia gazeTSi, romelmac gamoiwvia im adamianis zizRi,romelsac maRali mdgomareoba uWiravs. meore dRes ucnobipirebi SemoiWrnen Tqvens saxlSi da wagiyvanes. gcemes damogaTavses erTkacian sakanSi. aravin icis, sad xarT. aravin arSemogTavazaT raime zomebis miReba. Tqven iq imyofebiT ukveramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi.~marias SeuzRudes misi ramdenime ufleba. sTxoveT klass, sayovelTaodeklaraciis gamoyenebiT, daadginos zustad, Tu rauflebebia es (muxlebi 3, 5, SesaZlebelia 8, adgilobrivikanonebidan gamomdinare, 9, 11 (1) da 12.sTxoveT TiToeul monawiles Seadginos werili iusticiis ministrissaxelze an sTxoveT TviT marias daweros Ria werili.ufro maRali klasis moswavleebs SeuZliaT gamoarkvion, Tura SeiZleba gakeTdes aseT SemTxvevebSi adgilobrivi kanonebisSesabamisad an adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso organizaciebisadgilobrivi ganyofilebebis meSveobiT, an TviT gaerTianebulierebis organizaciis adamianis uflebaTa komisiis meSveobiT.ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi Setyobineba SeiZleba gagzavnili (anteleqsiT gadacemuli) iqnas pirTa ZaladobiT an aranebayoflobiTdakargvis samuSao jgufis mdivanis saxelze: Center forHuman Rights, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland.masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos gatacebuli piris sruli saxeli,TariRi, adgili da gauCinarebasTan dakavSirebuli garemoebebi(vis Tvlian pasuxismgeblad da ra keTdeba adgilze dacvissaSualebebis ZebnisaTvis).mSvidoba da sicocxlis uflebaadamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia gaCnda, rogorcreaqcia meore msoflio omis usaSinles movlenebze. amasTandakavSirebiT mesame muxlSi naTladaa naTqvami, rom `yovel

a, b, g adamianis ... swavlebaze - adamianis ZiriTad ... problema97adamians aqvs sicocxlis ufleba...~. sayovelTao gaTviTcnobierebamfaseulobebis Sesaxeb, romelTa propagandasac cdilobses broSura, unda gaarTulos omis warmoSoba da aRmofxvrasiseTi genocidis gameorebis SesaZlebloba, romelsacadgili hqonda meore msoflio omis dros. genocidi ar arisaxali. Tumca Cveni atomuri saukunis pirobebSi igi SesaZlebeligaxada gacilebiT ufro did masStabebSi, vidre odesmeyofila. Cven yvelas gvemuqreba atomuri omis yoveldRiurisaSiSroeba, vinaidan axla dedamiwaze yovel mamakacze, qalzeda bavSvze modis damangreveli potenciali, romelic Cveulebrivisaxis asafeTqebel nivTierebaTa sami tonis eqvivalenturia.amitom SeiZina sicocxlis uflebam iseTi mniSvneloba,rogoric mas adre arasdros hqonia.mSvidoba, ganiaraReba, ganviTareba da adamianis uflebebi warmoadgenenurTierTdakavSirebul problemebs. adamianis uflebebisswavlebisadmi kompleqsuri midgoma mimarTulia mSvidobisada ganiaraRebisaken miswrafebis gaRviZebisa, gare samyarosganviTarebisa da gafrTxilebiT mopyrobisaken.Tu klasis done SesaZleblobas iZleva, saerTaSoriso politikurida ekonomikuri problemebis Seswavla gaaRrmavebdnenmonawileTa mier imis gagebas, Tu ratom aris mSvidobis Senar-Cuneba aseTi Zneli. meore msoflio omis damTavrebis Semdeg150 omi moxda, da es gviCvenebs, rom msoflio agrZelebsSeiaraRebuli Zaladobis gamoyenebas. grZeldeba arabalansirebuliganviTareba da ekologiuri problemebi. ukanasknelniTavianTi bunebiT warmoadgenen ara ubralod mwvaves, aramedTavadac SeuZliaT daTeson omis Tesli. atomurma urTierTdartymebmaSeiZleba migviyvanos ekologiur katastrofamdec.arsebobs mravali gamokvleva mSvidobis, ganviTarebisa da garesamyaros problemebze. isini akmayofileben moTxovnebs, romlebicara marto gamarTlebulia, aramed ukiduresobamde gadaudebelia,Tumca Sesabamisi masalebis xelmisawvdomoba bevrimaswavleblisTvis isev did problemad rCeba. iq, sadac aseTigamokvlevebi ar iSoveba, saqmianobis Semdegma saxem SeiZlebamogvces SesaZlebloba ganvixiloT Tanamedroveobis zogierTiproblema, romelic safrTxes uqmnis msoflios.

98 bavSvis uflebebia) krizisidawereT saerTaSoriso krizisis scenari. Tu moswavleebi misdaweraSi ar monawileobdnen, maSin gaacaniT dawvrilebiT. Semdegisini dayaviT gundebad, romlebic warmoadgenen monawileqveynebs da maT umTavres politikur moRvaweebs. monawileebmaunda gamoikvlion `maTi~ qveynis saSinao politikis modeli.samuSaos es saxe daiwyeT krizisis kritikuli wertilidan.monawileebma unda daiwyon diplomatiuri molaparakebebis warmarTva,raTa Seecadon situaciis kontrolqveS moqcevas konfliqtisTavidan acilebis mizniT. isini Zalian swrafad Se-Zleben imis gagebas, Tu ra Znelia aseT situaciaSi, daZabulobisada saSiSroebis viTarebaSi mixvide SeTanxmebamde.maswavlebeli gamudmebiT adevnebs Tvalyurs situaciis ganvi-Tarebas, saWiroebisamebr sainformacio SetyobinebebiT klasismomaragebaze. Sedegebi SeadareT romelime did kriziss imaTgan,romelTac adgili hqondaT bolo 2 an 3 aTeuli wlisganmavlobaSi da saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis Zalisxmevas misigadaWrisaTvis.b) mSvidobamSvidobis problemis ganxilvisas maswavleblebs SeuZliaT asevedaeyrdnon gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis wyaroebs damiusadagon maTi universaluri Sinaarsi da ideebi klasis moTxovnebs.am samuSaos farglebSi SeiZleba msoflioSi arsebulgaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis ganyofilebebTan an sainformaciocentrebTan dakavSireba, imisaTvis rom miiRoT aucilebeliinformacia da/an audio-vizualuri masalebi.Tu SesaZlebelia, SearCieT mziani dRe. dasviT kiTxva: `rogorfiqrobT, ratom aris mniSvnelovani mSvidoba am lokalurikonfliqtebiT da omis saSiSroebiT mocul samyaroSi?"SeiZleba klasis wayvana saseirnod romelime sasiamovno adgilas.yvelam unda daxuWos Tvalebi daaxloebiT 3 wuTiT dadawves zurgze, yovelgvari laparakis gareSe.SekribeT klasi, ganixileT mSvidobis fuZemdebluri faseuloba.

sad cxovrobT Tqven? moswavleebisaTvis, romlebic cxovroben msofliosnaklebad ganviTarebul an ganviTarebad nawilebSi, gare samyarosTandakavSirebuli ganviTarebis problemebi da maTi aspeqtebi,principSi hgavs imas, romelTac xvdebian sxvebic, msoflios ukveganviTarebuli nawilebi, magram praqtikaSi gansxvavdebian maTgan.maswavleblebma, romlebic muSaoben mudmivad materialurixelmokleobis pirobebSi mcxovreb moswavleebTan, SesaZlebelia,marTebuli iyos, rom TavianTi saqmianobas safuZvladdaudon konkretuli situaciebi da rac SeiZleba mWidroddaukavSiron isini msoflio realobebs. aseve maT unda ganixilonprogresuli ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi da nabijebi, romlebicaucilebelia misi miRwevisaTvis.maswavleblebma, romlebic muSaoben privilegirebul materialurmdgomareobaSi myof moswavleebTan, saWiroa gamoumuSavonmaTi ganviTarebisa da TviTgamorkvevis moTxovnilebebis mimarTTanagrZnobis gamoCenis unari da miscen praqtikuli magaliTebiimisa, Tu rogor Seuwyon xeli amas. saerTaSoriso TanamSroma,b, g adamianis ... swavlebaze - adamianis ZiriTad ... problemag) umaRlesi donis Sexvedra99CaatareT TamaSi rolebis ganawilebiT -- ori an sami zesaxelmwifosxelmZRvanelebs Soris umaRlesi donis Sexvedrismimdinareobisas sakiTxis ganxilva imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor mivaRwioT,magaliTad, progress SeiaraRebaze kontrolisa daatomuri SeiaraRebis donis Semcirebis saqmeSi. am sakiTxzeklasSi organizeba gaukeTeT kamaTs, romelSic jgufebi undamuSaobdnen erTad Sesabamisi qveynebis saxiT, romlebic cdilobenmiaRwion strategiuli SeiaraRebis ufro efeqturSezRudvas. sadac SesaZlebelia, SeadareT msjelobebs, romlebmacmigviyvanes gamocdebis nawilobrivi akrZalvis SesaxebxelSekrulebis (1963 weli) an atomuri iaraRis gauvrceleblobisSesaxeb xelSekrulebis (1970 weli) dadebasTan. xazigausviT, rom sxvadasxva qveynebsa da xalxebs namdvilad Seu-ZliaT erTad imuSaon ise, rom Cven yvelas SesaZlebloba mogvcenvicxovroT erTad mSvidobianad.ganviTareba da gare samyaro

100 bavSvis uflebebilobisa da moqmedebebis sakiTxis ganmarteba, romelic mimarTuliagare samyaros ganviTarebisa da problemebis gadawyvetisxelSewyobisaken, SeiZleba gadmocemul iqnas magaliTebiT Sesabamisimasalebis safuZvelze.a) kvebamoswavleebs SeiZleba sTxovoT Caiweron yvelaferi, rasac isinidRis ganmavlobaSi Wamen da svamen. gaaanalizeT, Tu ra ariscnobili gadarCenisa da zrdisaTvis maTi organizmis moTxovnilebebisSesaxeb (magaliTad, naxSirwylebi, cximebi, cilebi,mineraluri nivTierebebi, vitaminebi da wyali).ganixileT, romeli komponentebis moxmareba xdeba sakvebis erTxelmiRebisas.amoirCieT raime yoveldRiuri racionidan -- umjobesia raRacaraCveulebrivi -- rac izrdeba maxloblad. yovel or monawilesmieciT davaleba gazardon am mcenaris egzemplari konservisqilaSi, qoTanSi an skolis baRSi. gaarkvieT, ratomaRwevs zogierTi monawile ufro did warmatebas mcenareTagazrdaSi, vidre sxvebi. moiwvieT vinme, vinc kargad erkvevamebaReobaSi an saTesle kulturis gamoyvanaSi, raTa man klassesaubros mcenareTa movlis Sesaxeb. klasisaTvis moawyveT baRi,sadac yvela monawile SeZlebda muSaobas da gayaviT moyvanili"mosavali". CaatareT SesaZlo gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb farTomsjeloba. magaliTad, aris Tu ara kultivaciis meTodi yvelazexelsayreli? arsebobs Tu ara sasoflo sameurneomavneblebis winaaRmdeg brZolis sxva saSualebebi? rogor Sei-Zleba muSaobis efeqturobis amaRleba da Sromis aseTi ganawilebisasTanamSromlobis gaumjobeseba.SeiZleba gavavloT paralelebi klasis muSaobasa da msofliossxva nawilebSi arsebul mdgomareobas Soris. qalaqis skolasSeuZlia scados Sexvedris mowyoba soflis skolasTan dagacvalos maTTan konkretuli gamocdileba (mocemul SemTxvevaSikvebis produqtebis warmoebasa da ganawilebaze orivesdamokidebulebis sakiTxebi).b) wyalimsoflioSi sasmeli wyali sakmaod cotaa da TandaTanobiT

sacxovrebeli warmoadgens iseTi faqtorebis uSualo gamoxatulebas,rogoricaa: adgilobrivi klimati da geografiulimdebareoba, ojaxis struqtura da socialuri mdgomareoba,kulturuli da religiuri Taviseburebebi da samSeneblo masalebisarseboba. aqtiurad daamuSaveT klasTan erTad yvelaferiimis nusxa, rac unda iyos saxlSi, xolo Semdeg mieciT davalebadaxazon saxli, sadac yovelive es iqneboda. monawileebma undaaRweron da axsnan TavianTi naxazis detalebi, an SemogTavazonadgilobrivi sacxovreblebis konstruqciis Secvlis da gauma,b, g adamianis ... swavlebaze - adamianis ZiriTad ... problema101sul ufro naklebi xdeba. moswavleebi, romlebic cxovrobengvalvian zonaSi, ueWvelad, kargad icnoben am problemas. monawileebsmieciT davaleba gamoiTvalon, Tu ra raodenobis wyalsiyeneben isini dReSi da Sesabamisad gaakeTon cxrili sasmelad,gasarecxad da a.S. daxarjuli raodenobis miTiTebiT.wyals gadaaqvs narCenebi da damaavadebeli organizmebi. wylissanitaruli damuSaveba (miwodebis an Sewyvetis dros) aucilebeliasazogadoebis keTildReobisaTvis. moswavleebs mieciTdavaleba -- individualurad an patara jgufebad -- gamoikvlionskolaSi wylis miwodebisa da Sewyvetis sistema daSesTavazon, Tu rogor SeiZleboda misi gaumjobeseba. es Sei-Zleba gakeTdes aseve mTeli Temis konteqstSic.srulyofili sakvebi da wyali warmoadgens ganviTarebis Ziri-Tad prioritetebs. sayovelTao deklaracia specialurad moixseniebssakvebs, rogorc iseTi cxovrebis donis uflebis nawils,romelic aucilebelia janmrTelobisa da keTildReobismxardasaWerad. ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebisSesaxeb saerTaSoriso paqti SemdgomSi acxadebs SimSilisaganTavisuflebas, rogorc ZiriTad uflebas da mouwodebskvebis produqtebis warmoebis, Senaxvisa da ganawilebis me-Todebis gaumjobesebisaken kacobriobis am moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebismizniT. es, TavisTavad, warmoadgens iseTi organoebiszrunvis sagans, rogoricaa gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciissasursaTo da sasoflo-sameurneo saagento, da zegavlenasaxdens erovnul usafrTxoebaze da mSvidobaze mTelmsoflioSi.g) sacxovrebeli

102 bavSvis uflebebijobesebis gzebi iseTi resursebis SenarCunebis mizniT, rogoricaawyali da energia, gare samyaros dabinZurebis Semcirebis gziT.d) mosaxleobamsoflios zogierT nawilSi mosaxleobis ricxobrivi zrdis SedegebiaSkaraa. sxvebSi -- is naklebadaa SesamCnevi. am movlenebis Sedegi,ase Tu ise, yvelgan igrZnoba. statistika gviCvenebs, Tu rogorimWidro gaxdeba Cveni msoflio uaxloes 30 weliwadSi da rogorimoqmedebs es gare samyaroze da resursebisaTvis brZolaze. mniSvnelovania,rom monawileebma ifiqron mosaxleobis raodenobiszrdaze da mis ukan mdgar problemebze.moswavleebi, romlebic cxovroben mWidrod dasaxlebul adgilebSi,uTuod, kargad xvdebian da aanalizeben gadametebulidasaxlebiT gamowveul problemebs. maTi winadadebebi da gadawyvetilebebiSeiZleba sasargeblo aRmoCndes msjelobisaTvis.e) samuSaoimis mixedviT, Tu rogor icvleba msoflios ekonomika, icvlebamsoflioSi dasaqmebis formebi da xasiaTi. ganviTarebulqveynebSi, magaliTad, industrializaciasTan erTad moxda urbanizaciacda Sesabamisad ufro naklebi xalxi cxovrobs sofel-Si da eweva sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis warmoebas. didqalaqebSi adamianTa didi raodenoba dakavebulia momsaxurebissferoSi. iqedan, sadac ar aris sakmarisi samuSao axalgazrdobisaTvis,adamianebi Cveulebriv gadaadgildebian msofliosirgvliv, rogorc es xSirad xdeboda warsulSic, sakuTarimdgomareobis gaumjobesebis SesaZleblobebis saZieblad. migraciismodelebi, rogorc erTi qveynis SigniT, aseve qveynebsSorisac Zalian xSirad dakavSirebulia samuSaosTan. amdenadqveynebi unda cdilobdnen gamoimuSaon erTiani sasoflo-sameurneo,industriuli, finansuri da savaWro politika, raTa maqsimaluradgamoiyenon TavianTi mosaxleobis SromiTi potenciali.samuSaos sxvadasxva saxeebis Seswavla -- aris is, rasac bevrimoswavle gaakeTebs, roca gaizrdeba. sxvadasxva profesiisadamianebis moswavleebTan sasaubrod klasSi mowveva -- kargisaSualebaa maTi TvalTaxedvis gafarToebisaTvis. magram kidevufro ukeTesia moswavleebis mier sxvadasxva sawarmoebis nax-

103vis organizeba, raTa maT uSualod dainaxon, ras warmoadgensesa Tu is samuSao. gaarkvieT moswavleebTan, Tu visTan undaTSexvedra da sad isurvebdnen wasvlas, da organizeba gaukeTeTaseT Sexvedrebs.sasargeblo da SemecnebiTia moswavleebisaTvis dasaqmebis modelirebaadgilobriv, erovnul da saerTaSoriso doneze, imisganxilva, Tu `samuSao~ rogor icvleba aqedan erT-erT anyvela doneze, rogori zegavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos aman ganaTlebaze,da `momuSaveebi~ rogor akeTeben organizebas TavianTiuflebebis dacvisaTvis. rac Seexeba ukanasknels, SromissaerTaSoriso organizaciis konvenciebze da rekomendaciebzemimarTva mogvcems am Temaze saWiro informacias.v) energiaa, b, g adamianis ... swavlebaze - adamianis ZiriTad ... problemayoveli moqmedeba moiTxovs energias. Tqven rac ufro metsakeTebT, miT ufro bevri gWirdebaT igi. aqtiurad ganixileTklasTan erTad energiis yvela SesaZlo wyaro. (iseTi, rogoricaamzis energia, sakvebi, naxSiri, gazi, eleqtroenergia daa.S.). moikvlieT, saidan modis igi da rogor xvdeba imaTTan,vinc iyenebs mas. warmoadgens Tu ara energiis es wyaroebi`ganaxlebads?~ ganixileT aseve maTi zemoqmedeba gare samyaroze.igive saxis samuSao SeiZleba gakeTdes saxlis, dabis, raionisda mTeli msoflios mimarTac.CamoayalibeT proeqtirebis jgufebi iseTi mowyobilobis SeqmnismizniT, romelic SeZlebs Temis energiiT momaragebas. raSeiZleba am miznisaTvis gamoyenebuli iqnas TqvenTan: qari,wyali, mTamadneuli, narCenebi?z) janmrTelobajanmrTelobis ufleba -- es aris adamianis erT-erTi ZiriTadiufleba, xolo janmrTeloba -- msoflio ganviTarebis erTerTiZiriTadi mizani. janmrTelobis dacvis saerTaSorisoorganizaciis mravalricxovani rezoluciebi adastureben ammizans, da aseve dedamiwis mosaxleobis janmrTelobis mdgomareobasTanmimarTebiT seriozuli uTanasworobis Semcirebisaucileblobas. pirveladi mediko-sanitaruli daxmarebis dagegmva

104 bavSvis uflebebida ganxorcieleba moiTxovs, rogorc individualur, ise koleqtiurmoqmedebas imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom aucilebeli sa-Sualebebi pirvel rigSi gamoeyoT maT, vinc amas sxvebze metadsaWiroebs, da rom amave dros daculi iqnas yvelas janmrTeloba.janmrTelobis dacvis adgilobrivi, erovnuli da msofliosistemebis Seswavlam unda gvikarnaxos saintereso proeqtebisTemebi moswavleTa farTo wrisaTvis. umravles qveyanaSi sanitaruliganaTleba CarTulia skolis programebSi. man moswavleebsunda misces ZiriTadi monacemebi kvebis, adamianis organizmisfunqcionirebis, daavadebebis gadamtanebis da imis Sesaxeb,Tu rogor aviciloT isini. adgilobrivi eqimi an romelimesamedicino dawesebulebis muSaki SeiZleba Zalze sasargebloaRmoCndes, Tu maT moviwvevT sasaubrod an Sesabamis Temazeinformaciis mowodebisaTvis.mTavroba da kanonierebaadamianis ufleba - esaa yoveli piris ganuyofeli ufleba. CvenSegviZlia wamovayenoT moraluri moTxovnebi, damoukidebladimisa, dadgenilia isini kanoniT Tu ara. magaliTad, yvelaadamians aqvs sicocxlis ufleba damoukideblad imisa, miRebuliaTu ara kanoni, romelic ganamtkicebs am uflebas.Tumca kanonebi moralur moTxovnebs aniWebs iuridiul Zalas.moraluri moTxovnebis kanonier uflebebad gaformeba warmoadgens- mniSvnelovan pirvel nabijs maTi dacvisakenkanonebs SeuZliaT aseve gaswion mniSvnelovani aRmzrdelobiTizemoqmedeba. isini gansazRvraven, Tu oficialuri azriT, rawarmoadgens marTebuls, da aseTi marTebuli principebi konkretulgamoxatulebas pouloben normebSi, romlebic, rogorcsazogadoeba Tvlis, daculi unda iqnas. isini arseboben yvelasaTvis,da yovel SemTxvevaSi dganan rogorc mmarTvelebze,ise marTulebze maRla.a) sabWoebi da sasamarTloebikanonebi gamoicema erovnuli sakanonmdeblo organoebis mier.imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma naTlad da konkretulad gaigon,ra aris `kanoni~? vin Rebulobs mas? da ratom?, maT sWirdebaTgaigon sakanonmdeblo procesi.

a, b, g adamianis ... swavlebaze - adamianis ZiriTad ... problema105organizeba gaukeTeT klasTan erTad qveynis parlamentis regionaluran centralur palataSi daswrebas sesiis drosimisaTvis, rom moswavleebma SeZlon misi wevrebis muSaobazeTvalyuris devneba da garkveuli warmodgenis Seqmna. ganixileTsami zemoaRniSnuli kiTxva.zustad aseve gaakeTeT sasamarTloSi daswrebis organizebaimisaTvis, rom gaigon ara marto is, rogor gamoiyeneba kanonebi,aramed isic, rogor miiReba gadawyvetilebebi, dgindebasasamarTlo precedentebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT pirdapiri aniribi zegavlena iqonion Semdgom gadawyvetilebebze. ganixileTzemoaRniSnuli kiTxvebi.Tu erTic da meorec SeuZlebelia, maSin klasSi gaakeTeTparlamentis modelis organizeba da moawyveT kamaTi mimdinareproblemebze (Tumca, es ukanaskneli SeiZleba ganxorcieldesvizitebis Semdegac. aseve gardaqmeniT klasi sasamarTlod damieciT mas davaleba gamoitanos sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaromelime adgilobriv an saerToerovnul sakiTxze. waaxaliseTmoswavleebi, rom TviTon maT moZebnon Sesaferisi magaliTebi.imisaTvis, rom saqmeSi SevitanoT saerTaSoriso aspeqti, maswavleblebsSeuZliaT miscen klass davaleba, gamoikvlion gaer-Tianebuli erebis organizaciaSi gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi,da aseve ganixilon problemebi, romlebic iq ganixileba.maT aseve SeuZliaT ganixilon zogierTi saqme, romlebic ganixilebasaerTaSoriso komisiebsa da sasamarTloebSi da riTacSeiZleba sakuTari precedentebis Seqmna.Tqven aseve SegiZliaT moiwvioT vinme adgilobriv politikurmoRvaweTagan, romelic klasis winaSe gamova im sam kiTxvasTandakavSirebiT, romlebzedac saubari iyo mocemuli qveTavisdasawyisSi, da aseve kidev sam sxva sakiTxze: ratom icavenkanonebs? rogor xorcieldeba marTlmsajuleba? da rogormiiRweva samarTlianoba xelisuflebasa da sasamarTloSi?b) sasamarTlos saxeebisamarTalwarmoebis procesi SeiZleba Seswavlili iqnas klasisaraoficialur sasamarTlod gadaqcevis gziT. modave mxareebiSeiZleba moTavsebuli iqnen SuaSi, maTi `megobrebi~ da òjaxebi~

106 bavSvis uflebebi- maxloblad, xolo klasis danarCeni monawileebi maT garSemo,rogorc `dasaxleba~. `mosamarTled~ daniSneT am wris gareTmyofTagan vinme, romelsac mimarTaven mxolod maSin, rodesacadgilobriv mcxovreblebs moundebaT gaigon gareSe piris azri.mxareebma davaSi rigrigobiT unda gadmoscen TavianTi argumentebi,ufleba mieciT srulad da detalurad ganaviTaron TavianTimosazrebebi. ganxilva unda gagrZeldes manam, sanam ar gaxdebaSesaZlebeli SeTanxmebul gadawyvetilebamde misvla.maswavleblis mier problema SeiZleba arCeuli iqnas moswavle-Ta daxmarebiT. Semdgom ganixileT, rogor moqmedebda `kanoni~,- rogorc oficialur, ise araoficialur SemTxvevebSi. aRniSneT,rom zogjer SeuZlebelia damnaSavis povna, gansakuTrebiTTuki TiToeuli mxare waradgens gonivrul dasabuTebas.g) Tanasworoba kanonis winaSesayovelTao deklaraciis me-7 muxli iwyeba sityvebiT: `yoveliadamiani Tanasworia kanonis winaSe...~. es aris adamianebis mieraRiarebuli principis Sesaxeb gancxadeba. Tumca, is yovelTvisar gamoxatavs imas, rasac adamianebi Cadian yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi.cnobili istoria fermis Sesaxeb, sadac yvela cxoveliiyo Tanaswori, magram zogierTebi iyvnen ufro Tanasworni,vidre sxvebi, gamomxatvelad aparodiebs am faqts. kargiiqneboda maswavleblebs es sakiTxi ganexilaT Sesaferisi magaliTebismoyvaniT, imisaTvis, rom ganamtkicon idea imis Sesaxeb,rom yvelas aqvs yovelgvari diskriminaciis gareSe kanoniTTanaswori dacvis ufleba.azris, sindisis, religiis, mrwamsisa dagamoxatvis Tavisuflebaazris, sindisis, religiis, mrwamsisa da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba-- umTavresia adamianis uflebaTa kulturaSi. es TavisuflebebigansazRvrulia sayovelTao deklaraciis 18-e da 19-emuxlebSi da ufro dawvrilebiT - samoqalaqo da politikuruflebaTa Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso paqtSi. isini xazs usvamenreligiisa da mrwamsis Secvlis Tavisuflebas, yvelas uflebasSeuferxeblad misdion TavianT mrwamss da yvelgan eZebon,

a, b, g adamianis ... swavlebaze - adamianis ZiriTad ... problema107miiRon da gaavrcelon informacia da ideebi nebismieri saSualebiTda saxelmwifo sazRvrebisagan damoukideblad.a) SefasebaTa subieqturobaazri SeiZleba iyos gansxvavebuli imis mixedviT, mogvwons Cvenis, rasac vxedavT Tu ara. es gamoixateba Cvens mier sityvaTaSerCevaSi. magaliTad, adamiani SeiZleba davaxasiaToT Semdegnairad:mRelvare imis gamo, Tu ras fiqroben sxvebi masze anmis Sesaxeb, an gaubedavi da meryevi; Zalze pativmoyvare anZalian mebrZoli; morCili an TanamSromlobisaTvis mzadmyofi;usamarTlo da arasworxazovani an gulisxmieri sxva adamianisgrZnobebis mimarT; raime cvlilebisaTvis naklebad mzad myofian ufro momTmeni; naklebad gacnobierebuli piradi uflebebisarsebobaSi an ufro egoisturi.monawileebma unda moifiqron sxva msgavsi wyvilebi (magaliTad:ufro sentimentaluri -- ufro nazi; ufro miamiti -- ufrosicocxliT savse; ufro gamgoni -- mZime samuSaos nakleb moSiSi).maT unda CamoTvalon xuTi yvelaze dadebiTi Tviseba, romlebicTviTon yvelaze metad moswonT. moaTavseT es Tvisebebi uaryofiTkonteqstSi ise, rom igive Tvisebebi Rirseuli qebis nacvladgaxdes gasakicxi. Semdeg gaakeTeT piriqiT - maT unda CamoTvalonSesaZlo uaryofiTi Tvisebebi, romlebic gansakuTrebiT ar moswonTTavianT TavSi, da Semdeg gamoiyeneT sarkiseburi sityvebi,romlebic am CamonaTvals gaxdian naklebad arasasiamovnos.b) sawyeni sityvebira sazRvrebi unda daedos imas, rom Cven SegviZlia vilaparakoTCveni azrebisa da mrwamsis Sesaxeb? Cven yovelTvis unda gvqondesSesaZlebloba rom ar vTqvaT yvelaferi, rasac movisurvebT?rolebis ganawilebiT TamaSis dros, rekomendirebulia maswavlebeliiyos windaxeduli.klasma aqtiurad unda SeimuSaos im SeniSvnebis CamonaTvali, romlebsac,maTi azriT, SeuZlia tkivilis miyeneba. Semdeg SearCieTramdenime yvelaze uaryofiTi. ramdenadac konteqstis Secvla Sei-Zleba aRmoCndes arasakmarisi, saWiroa yoveli frazis ganxilva.

108 bavSvis uflebebidayaviT klasi SesaZleblobis mixedviT 5 an 6 kacian jgufebad.TiToeul jgufSi vinmem unda waikiTxos pirveli fraza. jgufmayuradReba unda miaqcios im faqts, rom am SeniSvnam vinmegaanawyena. moswavleebma araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda dasvanSekiTxvebi imis miuxedavad, Tvlian isini am frazas sawyenadTu ara. maT unda gansajon, ratom unda igrZnos ganawyenebulmapirovnebam wyena, unda mieceT Tu ara ufleba adamianebsgamoxaton TavianTi azrebi Sedegis gauTvaliswineblad. igivegaimeoreT yovel frazasTan mimarTebaSi.Sekrebebisa da sazogadoebriv saqmeebSimonawileobis Tavisuflebarogor aRwevs Temi Tavis SenarCunebasa da ganviTarebas? nawilobrivimis gamo, rom misi wevrebi erTmaneTs xvdebian daorganizebas ukeTeben sxvadasxva saqmeebs. es TavisuflebebiTemis saqmeebSi monawileobas Zalian mniSvnelovans xdis, ZiriTadiprincipebi gansazRvrulia sayovelTao deklaraciis me-20 da 21-e muxlebSi, ufro dawvrilebiT ki samoqalaqo dapolitikur uflebaTa Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso paqtSi. am uflebaTauaryofa xels SeuSlida sazogadoebas esargebla misierT-erTi yvelaze didi simdidriT - Tavisi xalxis SesaZleblobebiTada talantiT.sazogadoebriv saqmeebSi monawileobis gamocdileba SeiZlebaCainergos skolaSi swavlis dros. skolis gareT Temis sakeTildReodmuSaobis SesaZleblobam SeiZleba aseve SeqmnassafuZveli mTeli sicocxlis manZilze sazogadoebriv da politikursaqmeebSi Semdgomi monawileobisaTvis.bevr skolas gaaCnia moswavleTa sabWoebi, rac aZlevs maT saskolosaqmeebSi monawileobis SesaZleblobas, Tumca ufrosebis ierarqiaCveulebriv zRudavs imas, rac SeiZleba gakeTdes praqtika-Si. ufro uSualo SegrZneba imisa, Tu ras warmoadgens er-Toblivi muSaoba raRac mniSvnelovanisaTvis, SeiZleba gamotaniliiqnas klasSi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis garemos Seqmnidan.

a, b, g adamianis ... swavlebaze - adamianis ZiriTad ... problemaadamianis uflebaTa sazogadoeba109klasisaTvis adamianis uflebaTa dacvis garemos Seqmnis SeTavazebiT,maswavlebels SeuZlia SesTavazos rigi sxdomebi,romlebic moswavleebs SesaZleblobas miscems:- ufro zustad gansazRvron miznebi;- Caataron konkursi sazogadoebis saukeTeso emblemisaTvis;- gaakeTon piradi sawevro baraTebi am emblemiT;- gaanawilon movaleobebi;- gaakran specialuri dafa TavianTi sazogadoebis saqmianobisSesaxeb gancxadebebisaTvis;- gaarkvion, arsebobs Tu ara maT qveyanaSi da sazRvargareTadamianis uflebaTa sxva sazogadoebebi, romlebTanac klasiSeZlebda kavSiris damyarebas; sTxovda maT publikaciebisgamogzavnas;- ganalagon es publikaciebi ise, rom monawileebma SeZlonsargebloba;- daiwyon Sekrebebis gamarTva -- pirvelad SeiZleboda ganxiluliyoTviT ufleba asociaciis Tavisuflebaze: `ra saWiroaorganizeba? ra saWiroa sakuTari mosazrebis gamoxatvisakenmiswrafeba imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor xorcieldeba marTva?~SeiZleba gamosvlisaTvis vinmes mowveva.- moiwvion adgilobrivi politikuri moRvaweebi, konkretulisakiTxebisa da saerTo problemebis specialistebi xanmoklesaubrebisa da diskusiebis gasamarTavad;- moawyon bali an festivali adamianis uflebaTa sazogadoebisorganizaciis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT;- daafuZnon qvekomitetebi Sexvedrebis organizebisa da konkretulidavalebebis SesrulebisaTvis, magaliTad:jgufs SeuZlia SesTavazos sxva klasebs mouTxron adamianisuflebaTa konkretuli problemuri sferoebis Sesaxeb;auxsnan, ratom Seiqmna sazogadoeba, ras saqmianobs igi da

110 bavSvis uflebebiSesTavazos asocirebuli wevrebis saxiT SeerTeba; iq, sadacsaxsrebi SesaZleblobas iZleva, sazogadoebas SeeZleba aseveregularulad gamosces sainformacio biuleteni.ekonomikuri ganviTareba da keTildReobasayovelTao deklaracia Seicavs rig muxlebs, romlebic ganamtkicebenadamianis uflebebs cxovrebis minimalur doneze.aseTive debulebebi mocemulia ekonomikuri, socialuri dakulturuli uflebebis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso paqtSic. sruldebaes debulebebi Tu ara - rTuli kiTxvaa da damokidebuliaerovnul resursebze, ekonomikur prioritetebze da politikurnebaze. ekonomikuri ganviTarebis Sesabamisi donis miRweva,romelsac gaaCnia, rogorc erovnuli, aseve saerTaSorisoSedegebic, ueWvelad, axdens gavlenas aRniSnuli uflebebisganxorcielebaze.msoflios iseTi resursebi, rogoricaa materialuri bunebriviresursebi da ZiriTadi samrewvelo saSualebebi, aseve arsebulierovnuli simdidre, samwuxarod, ganawilebulia araTanabrad.ratom xdeba ase? nebismierma srulma SekiTxvam Tavis TavSiunda moicvas msoflio gaerTianebis geografiisa da istoriisda mTlianobaSi politikuri ekonomikis aRwera da axsna.saqonlis masiuri avtomaturi warmoeba daaxloebiT 200 wliswin daiwyo. man Tan moitana socialuri, ekonomikuri da politikuriqcevis axali modelebi, romlebmac pirdapir an arapirdapiryvelgan moaxdines gavlena saxelmwifoebze da xalxebze.a) mdidrebi da RaribebigaakeTeT Semdegi situaciis inscenireba: `sami adamiani zisTviTmfrinavSi erTmaneTis gverdigverd. erTi muSaobs RaribqveyanaSi ganviTarebis saagentoSi da miemgzavreba "msoflioSisursaTis maragis problemebTan dakavSirebul" konferenciaze.meore muSaobs kompaniaSi SedarebiT mdidar qveyanaSi da mifrinavssaerTaSoriso finansistebTan Sesaxvedrad sesxis miRebismizniT. mesame - maswavlebelia, romelsac ainteresebs msoflioganviTarebis problema mTlianobaSi. man axlaxan moismina moklekursi Temaze: `daxmareba, vaWroba, iaraRis warmoeba da

monawileebs miawodeT idea, daukavSirdnen gaerTianebuli erebisorganizaciis iseTi organoebis adgilobriv an saerTa-Soriso ganyofilebebs, rogoricaa: gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciisbavSvTa fondi, gaerTianebuli erebis sasursaTo dasasoflo-sameurneo organizacia an gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciisganviTarebis programa - plakatebisa da masalebis miRea,b, g adamianis ... swavlebaze - adamianis ZiriTad ... problema111samarTlianoba msoflioSi,~ romelic wakiTxuli iqna saerTa-Soriso arasamTavrobo organizaciaSi. isini iwyeben msjelobas,Tu ra unda gaakeTon qveynebma, iseve rogorc calkeulma pirebma,kacobriobis keTildReobis gasaumjobeseblad~.b) mSromelTa cxovrebaaRwereT samuSao viTareba - magaliTad fabrika, plantacia anferma, - sadac iq momuSave adamianebma gadawyvites wauyenonmoTxovnebi mflobelebs an mmarTvels. maT surT hqondeT ufrometi xmis ufleba marTvaSi. aseve isini moiTxoven ufro maRalanazRaurebas, avadmyofobis an tramvis SemTxvevaSi ukeTesuzrunvelyofas, usafrTxoebis problemaze ufro met yuradRebas,saswavlo programebis Seqmnis SesaZleblobas kvalifikaciisamaRlebisaTvis da ufro xangrZliv Svebulebas.gayaviT klasi or - mSromelTa da administraciis warmomadgenelTajgufebad. maT unda awarmoon molaparakeba orivemxaris mier TavianTi delegatebis gagzavniT, romlebic Semdegmoaxseneben molaparakebis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb, an monawileebsmiuTiTeT Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis konvenciebzemSromelTa uflebebis Sesaxeb.gaimeoreT samuSaos es saxe, jgufebis rolis SecvliT.g) gamosvlamoiwvieT vinme, vinc dakavebulia ganviTarebis problemebiT,raTa gamovides klasis winaSe, SesaZlebelia, adamianis uflebaTasazogadoebis egidiT. amis Semdgom mieciT davaleba jgufebsklasSi Seiswavlon imis aspeqtebi, Tu ra Temebze imsjelon,magaliTad, modernizacia, biurokratizacia, urbanizacia dacvlilebebi kulturul faseulobebSi.d) samsaxuri mTeli msofliosaTvis

112 bavSvis uflebebibis mizniT, romelTa gamoyenebac maT SeeZlebodaT. arsebobs asevearasamTavrobo organizaciebic, romlebic SeZlebdnen daxmarebisgawevas masalebis mowodebaSi. isini kmayofildebian moswavleTawerilebiT skolebidanac. SeiZleba aseve Sromis saerTaSorisoorganizaciaze da gaerTianebuli erebis ganaTlebis, mecnierebisada kulturis sakiTxebis organizaciaze mimarTvac.dayaviT klasi eqvs jgufad. TiToeuli jgufi wers daxmarebisproeqtis Sesaxeb erT winadadebas. proeqtebi waredgineba mTelklass. dayaviT klasi axal jgufebad, romelTagan TiToeulmaunda gadawyvitos - daxmarebis gawevis komiteti rom iyos,romeli proeqtis ganxorcielebisaTvis gamoyofda saxsrebs.axseniT gansxvaveba mdgomareobis SemsubuqebisaTvis daxmarebasada ganviTarebis miznebisaTvis daxmarebas Soris. SeadareTmiRebuli gadawyvetilebebi, ganixileT isini.socialuri da kulturuli keTildReobasayovelTao deklaracia, ufro vrclad ki ekonomikuri, socialurida kulturuli uflebebis Sesaxeb saerTaSorisopaqti adamianebisaTvis uzrunvelyofs dasvenebis, swavlis, maTmier arCeuli rwmenis, aRmsareblobis, Temis kulturul cxovrebaSiTavisufali monawileobis da sakuTari pirovnebismaqsimaluri ganviTarebis uflebasa da SesaZleblobas. skolamunda misces moswavleebs maTi regionis da mTeli msofliosxelovnebisa da mecnierebis aRqmis SesaZlebloba. aseve undaSeiswavlon adamianis uflebaTa problemebi sxvadasxva kulturisada epoqis magaliTze.piradi da socialuri keTildReobis SegrZneba gamomdinareobsojaxidan. ojaxi Tavisi formiT yvelaze ufro Seesabameba imsazogadoebas, romelSic cxovroben misi wevrebi, da im gansxvavebulsocialur-ekonomikur da kulturul Zalebs, romlebicmasSi moqmedeben. Tavis mxriv. ojaxebs SeuZliaT hqondeTgansxvavebuli formebi, dawyebuli calkeuli jgufebidanerTi ufrosiT da Zalian gazrdili naTesauri sistemiT, romelicmoicavs mTel Temebs. yvela forma warmoadgens `bunebrivs~ da`ZiriTads~ radgan isini monawileoben adamianebis aRzrdaSi.

a, b, g adamianis ... swavlebaze - adamianis ZiriTad ... problema113isini, visac ar gaaCniaT ojaxi, aRzrdas Rebuloben SesabamisdawesebulebebSi an erTmaneTTan urTierTobis Sedegad.am dargs Zalze zogadi xasiaTi aqvs da saqmianobis yvelasaxes, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia saskolo programiT, gaaCniamasTan kavSiri. msjeloba SeiZleba daiwyos TviT ganaTlebisprocesiT. ganaTleba (saskolo swavlebisagan gansxvavebiT)- mTeli cxovrebis saqmea, da namdvilad yovlismomcvelia,yoveli Taobis kultura unda iswavlebodes Tavidan, raTaTavidan iqnes acilebuli misi gaqroba.a) odesRacmaswavleblebs stumrebis saxiT SeuZliaT moiwvion ramdenimebabua da bebia, raTa maT mouTxron moswavleebs imaze, Tu rasaswavlidnen skolaSi da gamoadgaT Tu ara Semdgom cxovrebaSi.hkiTxeT maT, rogor Seuwyobdnen xels pirovnebis srul ganvi-Tarebas, ra gaiges adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa pativiscemisganmtkicebis Sesaxeb, rogor ganaviTarebdnen SemdgomSiadamianTa sxvadasxva jgufebs da xalxebs Soris gagebasa daurTierTpativiscemas da ra aris saWiro samarTlianobisa damSvidobis misaRwevad.b) ojaxis sqemamieciT moswavleebs davaleba, daxazon TavianTi ojaxis sqemaam momentisaTvis. SeadareT da ganixileT saboloo jamSi warmoSobiligansxvavebani.diskriminaciaarcerTi adamiani, zustad ar gavs meores. arsiT Cven yvelaniTanasworni varT da Tanabrad SegviZlia visargebloT Cveni adamianisuflebebiT. Cven Tanasworni varT, magram gansxvavebulni.am faqts, mivyavarT iqamde, rom adamianebs gahyavT sazRvarikacobriobis rukaze da yuradRebas aqceven maT Soris arsebulmniSvnelovan gansxvavebas. rodesac xdeba xazgasma erTi jgufismeoreze upiratesobaze mxolod rasis, kanis feris, sqesis, enis,religiis, politikuri Sexedulebebis, erovnuli da socialuriwarmomavlobis gamo, es warmoadgens diskriminacias.

114 bavSvis uflebebiyvelaze ufro xSirad gamyofi xazi aaSkaravebs sqesebs Sorisgansxvavebas. ramdenadac igi emTxveva biologiur dixotomias,romelic Cadebulia TviT Cvens biologiur saxeSi, xSirad bevradamians uZneldeba am sazRvris iqiT Cveni ufro Rrma msgavsebisdanaxva. is, rom Cven zogierT urTierTobaSi gansxvavebulivarT, ar gvxdis Cven sxvadasxvas yvela urTierTobebSi. is,rom sxeuli erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba da axorcielebs gansxvavebulfunqciebs, ar niSnavs, rom cxovreba rogorc aseTiaseve gansxvavebuli unda iyos.diskriminacia SesaZlebelia dakavSirebuli iyos kanis ferTanan rasasTan. am gansxvavebas mudmivad gaZlierebulad esmebaxazi imisaTvis, rom damaluli iqnas Cveni saerTo kuTvnilebaadamianis modgmisadmi.maswavlebeli ar unda gaeqces am problemebs. adamianTa Tanasworoba,cxovrebiseuli SesaZleblobebi da cxovrebiseuli arCevani, arwarmoiSoba TavisTavad. saWiroa amis swavleba, da ara - stereotipulimidgomebisa da qvenagrZnobebis kvlevis gziT, moswavleebisaTviszusti informaciis miwodeba am gansxvavebulobaze.es SekiTxvebis dasmis dausrulebeli procesia. mniSvnelovaniaiyo gaTviTcnobierebuli socialur-ekonomikuri da politikuriproblemebisa da maTi moqmedebis meqanizmebis Sesaxeb. mniSvnelovaniamoswavleebis winadadebebis wamoyenebaze waqezeba,radganac isini advilad eTanxmebian maswavleblis azrs.diskriminacias gaaCnia rogorc piradi, ise socialuri mxare.maswavleblebma, SesaZlebelia, moisurvon am sakiTxebis klasTanerTad ufro konkretulad ganxilva.kargi magaliTebi SeiZleba sabolood gaTamaSdes scenebis saxiT.gaakeTeT iseTi SemTxvevis inscenireba, roca, magaliTad,damwuxrebuli msuqani adamiani xvdeba susts da mxiaruls.stereotipebis ganxilvisas miuTiTeT maTi antipodebis mxardaWerissaSiSroebaze. daJinebiT amtkiceT, rom WeSmaritebismarcvali, romelic SeiZleba arsebobdes stereotipSi – mxolodda mxolod marcvalia. alternatiuli variantis saxiThkiTxeT klass im SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb, rodesac bavSvebs, Sesa-

a, b, g adamianis ... swavlebaze - adamianis ZiriTad ... problema115Zlebelia, smeniaT iseTi gamoTqmebi, rogoricaa: ìsini yvelaerTnairia~ an `maTgan sxvagvars arc SeiZleba moelode.~mieciT TiToeul monawiles patara qva an raime sxva CveulebrivinivTi da sTxoveT daumegobrdes mas - sinamdvileSigaicnos igi. sTxoveT ramdenime moswavles Tavisi megobariwarudginos klass, mouyves istoria imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdeniwlis aris, mowyenilia Tu bednieri da rogor gaxda iseTi,rogoric aris. maT SeuZliaT am sagnis Sesaxeb daweron pataraTema an simRera, an leqsi, romlebSic siTboTi moixsenieben mas.Semdeg yvela es sagani CaawyveT ukan yuTSi an tomaraSi daSeucvaleT adgilebi. amoawyveT isini da TiToeul moswavlesSesTavazeT monaxos maT Soris Tavisi `megobari~.miuTiTeT gamokiTxulTa Sedarebas: adamianTa nebismieri jgufiTavdapirvelad erTgvarovnad gveCveneba, magram rogorc ki TqvenmaT gaicnobT axlos, isini yvela gansxvavebulni aRmoCndeba,maT Soris yvelas aqvs cxovrebis Tavisi istoria, da yvelaisini potenciuri megobrebi arian. Tumca, es gulisxmobs droebiTnebismieri stereotipis uaryofas (iseTis, rogoricaa: `qvebi- civi, myari da uRimRamo~), romelic sakmarisia imisaTvis,rom ukeTesad gavicnoT es sagnebi. es niSnavs, rom ar arissaWiro gamovitanoT winaswari daskvnebi.gansxvavebaTa gamovlenagamoTqviT Semdegi azrebi:1. me miyvars maswavleblebi, imitom rom isini yovelTviskeTilebi arian.2. me momwons is, rom zogierTi maswavlebeli Cems mimarTkeTilia.3. maswavleblebi -- keTili adamianebia.gansajeT, romelia am azrebidan stereotipi (#3), romeli --winaswar akviatebuli (#1) da romeli -- ubralod azrisgamoTqma (#2), da yvela isini rogor (konteqstualur Car-CoebSi azrobrivad ganlagebisas) arTuleben maswavlebelTaSefasebas ara marto, rogorc keTil da mzrunvel adamianebad.yvela isini winaswar gansazRvraven faqtebs.

116 bavSvis uflebebidiskriminacia kanis ferisa da rasobrivikuTvnilebis mixedviTrasizmi - esaa rwmena imaSi, rom arsebobs orive sqesis adamianTaraRac jgufebi gansakuTrebuli (Cveulebriv fizikuri)maxasiaTebeli TvisebebiT, romlebic aqceven maT privilegiuran arasrulfasovan adamianebad sxvebTan mimarTebaSi. rasizmisgamovlineba SeiZleba iyos ara mxolod aSkara, rogoricaa,magaliTad, adamianebTan urTierToba maTi rasis an kanis ferismixedviT, aramed farulic, - roca sazogadoeba romelime TavisjgufTan mimarTebaSi sistematiurad xelmZRvanelobs raimediskriminaciuli azriT.rasistuli qceva warmoSobs rasobriv diskriminacias misi aSkaranegatiuri SedegebiT - im pirTa ubralo ugulvebelyofidan anignorirebidan, vinc iTvleba sxvagvar an umdables arsebad,ufro naTlad gamoxatul formebamde, rac vlindeba daSineba-Si, eqspluataciaSi an SezRudvaSi.am etapze kargia rasobrivi diskriminaciis yvela formis likvidaciisSesaxeb saerTaSoriso konvenciaze miTiTeba. aseve sasargebloiqneboda generalur asambleaze rasobrivi diskriminaciislikvidaciis komitetis moxsenebebis miTiTeba.kanis feri - es adamianebs Soris gansxvavebis identificirebisaTviserT-erTi yvelaze TvalsaCino (da naklebad gonivruli)saSualebaa, romelic odesme moufiqrebia kacobriobas. Tu moswavleebicxovroben iseT garemocvaSi, sadac adamianebs Sorisgansxvavebas akeTeben kanis feris gamo, sTxoveT maT mravalrasobrivisazogadoebis proeqtis Sedgena, romelSic maT undaicxovron, ise, rom winaswar ar icodnen, rogori iqneba maTikanis feri. miuTiTeT imaze, rom isini ukve cxovroben aseTsazogadoebaSi.ararasistuli klasibevri saSualeba arsebobs gadavaqcioT klasi iseT adgilad,sadac misaRebia da misasalmebelia mravalrasobrioba. moswavleTareaqciaze gavlenas axdens kulturuli faqtorebi: ramdenadadvilad midian isini kontaqtze, ramdenad SeuZliaT maT

organizeba gaukeTeT samuSaos Semdeg saxes: warmoidgineT, romukve gavida 30 weli, da klasi kvlav ikribeba erTad. `yofila,b, g adamianis ... swavlebaze - adamianis ZiriTad ... problema117jgufuri swavlebis meTodebTan Segueba, SeuZliaT Tu ara gaiTamaSonscenebi an moyven istoriebi. Tu klasSi warmoiSobakonfliqti rasobriv niadagze, ganixileT igi da ar datovoTyuradRebis gareSe. mouyeviT bavSvebs, rogor gamoicnon qceva,romelsac SeuZlia rasizmis gaZliereba. SeiswavleT cnobiliadamianebis gamocdileba, romlebic ibrZodnen diskriminaciiswinaaRmdeg, da xalxTa wvlili kacobriobis codnisa dagamocdilebis saerTo saganZurSi. SeadgineT saswavlo programakulturebis mravalsaxeobis maqsimalurad SesaZlo gaTvaliswinebiT.sTxoveT mSoblebs, naTesavebs an megobrebs daxmarebaam saqmeSi. moiwvieT sxva rasis an kanis feris adamianebi,romlebic aqtiurad monawileoben Temis cxovrebaSi, raTamouTxron klass imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras akeTeben isini.diskriminacia sqesis niSnis mixedviTsayovelTao deklaraciis me-2 muxli acxadebs adamianis yvelauflebis namdvilobas `yovelgvari gansxvavebis gareSe~. SemdgommasSi specialurad moixsenieba ramdenime niSani, romlebic gamoiyenebaadamianebs Soris gamijvnis TviTneburad ganxorcielebisaTvis.erT-erTi maTgani - esaa sqesi, da arsebobs mniSvnelovanisafuZvlebi imisaTvis, rom vilaparakoT amis Sesaxeb gansakuTrebulad,radganac diskriminacia sqesis niSnis mixedviT(`seqsizmi~) zogierT SemTxvevaSi rCeba socialuri usamarTlobisfarTod gavrcelebul formad.diskriminacia sqesis niSnis mixedviT, rogorc rasizmi, SeiZlebaarsebobdes sazogadoebis kulturisa da cxovrebis nebismieraspeqtSi. aseTi diskriminacia SeiZleba gamoixatos aseveadamianTa urTierTobebSi, rac kidev ufro aZlierebs mas. azriimis Sesaxeb, rom mxolod erTi sqesis adamiani SeiZleba gamoyenebuliiqnas samuSaoze an kidev sxva rameSi gamorCevis anupiratesobis miniWebisaTvis, udavoa, ar Seesabameba adamianisuflebaTa principebs.a) yofili moswavleebis Sexvedra

118 bavSvis uflebebima~ moswavleebma unda isaubron imis Sesaxeb, ras akeTebdnenisini skolis damTavrebis Semdeg. Tqvenc miiReT monawileobaaseT msjelobaSi.aris Tu ara gansxvaveba (Sereul klasebSi) imas Soris, Turas miaRwies biWebma da gogonebma? klasSi, sadac swavlobenerTi sqesis moswavleebi, mimarTuli iyo Tu ara biWebis yuradRebamxolod maT samsaxurebriv dawinaurebaze Tu saubrobdnenZiriTadad politikuri da teqnikuri cvlilebebis Sesaxeb?xolo gogonebi laparakobdnen ZiriTadad TavianTi saojaxo dasaSinao zrunvis Sesaxeb?moiwvieT ramdenime babua da bebia, raTa maT isaubron mamakacis/qalis rolis Sesaxeb, romelic, maT dros maT unda eTamaSaT.b) ra aris biWi~? ra aris gogo~?sTxoveT klass ifiqros adamianis xasiaTis niSnebis maqsimaluradgrZeli CamonaTvalis Sesaxeb (magaliTad, sisuste, ampartavnoba,iumoris grZnoba, sirbile, erTgulebis moTxovnileba,Tavgadasavlebis siyvaruli).ganixileT TiToeuli rigiTobis mixedviT da sTxoveT klassgadawyvitos -- ufro metad ra aris maxasiaTebeli niSanibiWebisaTvis an gogonebisaTvis, Tu igi maxasiaTebelia Tanabrad.Tu gamovlindeba stereotipebi, ganixileT isini klasTan er-Tad da gansazRvreT, aseTi stereotipebi rogor aisaxeba imaze,rasac, moswavleTa azriT, SeZleben miaRwion cxovrebaSi biWebmada gogonebma.g) vin vinaa?moswavleebma unda Seamowmon skolaSi arsebul wignebSi (aninformaciis nebismier wyaroSi, romliTac isini saxlSi sargebloben),Semdegi:1. erTnairia Tu ara mamakacebisa da qalebis moxsenieba raodenobismixedviT?2. naCvenebia Tu ara qali personaJebi gabedulebi gadawyvetilebismiRebisas, fizikurad Zlierebi da Tavgadasavlebis moyvarulni,SemoqmedebiTebi, ufro metad muyaiTebi imaze, rac maT Seu-ZliaT gaakeTon, da dainteresebulni profesiis farTo wriT?

a, b, g adamianis ... swavlebaze - adamianis ZiriTad ... problema1193. naCvenebia Tu ara mamakacis personaJebi humanurebad, mzrunveladamianebad, romlebsac SeuZliaT mividnen dasaxmareblad,gamoavlinon TavianTi grZnobebi, mzad arian iswavlonsaSinao meurneobis warmarTva da bavSvebis movla daar eSiniaT, rom sxvebs SeuZliaT ifiqron, rom isini ararian `mamakacuri~, da aseve Tavisufali arian qalis sqesTanSemwynarebluri damokidebulebisagan?~4. scemen Tu ara pativs mamakacebi da qalebi erTmaneTs, rogorcTanasworni?5. TamaSoben Tu ara mamakacebi ufro aqtiur rols saxlSi?6. TamaSoben Tu ara qalebi aqtiur rols saxlis gareT da,Tu es asea, xom ara sxva saxiT, vidre maswavleblebi,meddebi, mdivnebi, an aunazRaurebadi da mcired anazRaurebadimuSakebi?d) klasi, romelSic ar aris winaswar uaryofiTi ganwy-oba sqesis niSniT gansxvavebulobis gamowinadadebaTa umravlesoba, romelic Seexeba ararasistuli klasisSeqmnas, SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas imis uzrunvelsayofad,rom klasSi ar moxdes gansxvaveba sqesTa Soris. eZebeT daxmareba,sadac SesaZlebelia, stereoti pebis msxvrevisaTvis.arasdros ar dauSvaT sqesis niSniT gamoricxva da pativi eciTtradiciul Sexedulebebs, maTi naTlad da damajereblad gamoxatviT.yovelTvis dasviT SekiTxva: ra aris samarTliani? gaacaniTmoswavleebs qalTa mimarT diskriminaciis yvela formislikvidaciis Sesaxeb konvencia.informaciis sxvadasxva saSualebis Seswavla (kerZod, reklamebis)iZleva karg masalas. aseve rekomendirebulia skolis programisada Tanamedrove teqstebis dawvrilebiTi Seswavla. uTmobsTu ara ìstoria~ seriozul yuradRebas ara marto mamakacebis,aramed qalebis rolsac? ganixileba Tu ara èkonomikis~kursSi samuSao Zalis bazarze qalis roli (saxlis meurneoba-Si an saxlis gareT)? ganixilavs Tu ara `samarTali~ sakiTxsqalebis da sakuTrebis Sesaxeb? ganixileba Tu ara `saxelmwifomarTvis~ kursSi sakiTxi qalebis arasakmarisi warmomadgenlobisSesaxeb? eTmoba Tu ara sakmarisi yuradReba `sabunebismetyvelo

120 bavSvis uflebebimecnierebebis~ Seswavlisas imas, Tu ra gaakeTes qalebma? axalisebenTu ara gogonebs miaRwion warmatebebs maTematikaSi?ramdenad aisaxeba mamakacisa da qalis sqesad dayofa `literaturis~,ènis~ da `humanitaruli mecnierebebis~ Seswavlisas.diskriminacia da umciresobaTa jgufebisstatusicnebas ùmciresobaTa jgufi~ xSirad ureven cnebaSi èTnikurijgufi~ da cnebaSi `rasa~. aseT SemTxvevebSi saqmianobis ufroadreuli saxeebic aseve Seexeba mocemul sakiTxs. es termini -- sakmaod farToa, igi gamoiyeneba aseve mkvidr mosaxleTa,gadaadgilebul pirTa, mSromel-migrantTa, ltolvilTa da TviTSeviwrovebuli umravlesobis (rogorc samxreT afrikaSi) mimarT.xSirad am jgufebisaTvis saerTos warmoadgens siRaribe.umciresobis jgufi SeiZleba aRar iyos ùmciresoba,~ rogorcki igi sakmarisad Zlieri gaxdeba.umciresobaTa jgufis wevrebi floben adamianis yvela uflebas,magram Cveulebriv isini pretenzias gamoTqvamen gansazRvrulda gansakuTrebul uflebebze. jgufis Semadgenlobidan gamomdinaream uflebebSi SeiZleba CaerTos TviTgamorkvevis moTxovnis(kulturuli da politikuri), miwis, kompensaciis (mflobelobisuflebis CamorTmevisaTvis), bunebriv resursebze kontrolis,religiuri aRmsareblobis adgilebze yofnis ufleba.a) umciresobaTa~ jgufis aRmoCena.klasTan erTad aqtiurad SeimuSaveT arsebul ùmciresobaTajgufebis~ siebi. (umciresobaTa diskriminaciis akrZalvisa dadacvis qvekomitetis moxsenebebSi an am sferoSi momuSave saer-TaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebis masalebSi, SeiZlebamoinaxos konkretuli magaliTebi da informacia.)ufrosi klasis moswavleebs SeuZliaT moamzadon maTematikurikvlevebi, adgilmdebareobis, istoriis, kulturis, cxovrebisTanamedrove pirobebis Sesaxeb da konkretuli `jgufebis~ ZiriTadimoTxovnebis Sesaxeb.

a, b, g adamianis ... swavlebaze - adamianis ZiriTad ... problemab) gamosvla121moiwvieT romelime ùmciresobaTa jgufis~ wevrebi, raTa gamovidnenklasis winaSe. gamoarkvieT, yvelaze ukeT rogor SeuZliaTmoswavleebs monawileoba miiRon gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSisamarTlianobis, Tavisuflebis da Tanasworobis miRwevaSi.diskriminacia arasrulfasovanebasTandakavSirebiTskolis gareT, TemSi praqtikuli muSaoba fizikurad da gonebrivadarasrulfasovan adamianebTan saqmianobis saukeTeso saxeaimisaTvis, rom moswavleebs mivceT SesaZlebloba gaacnobieronamasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi.a) gamosvlamoiwvieT fizikuri an gonebrivi naklis mqone adamianebi, raTagamovidnen klasis winaSe. maT SeuZliaT moyven siZneleebis Sesaxeb,romlebsac isini xvdebian da imis Sesaxeb, rogori SeiZlebodayofiliyo maTi konkretuli uflebebi. xazi gausviT im faqts,rom adamianebi gonebrivad -- pirvel rigSi, adamianuri arsebebia,da mxolod amis Semdeg arasrulfasovnebi.b) erTi skola yvelasaTvisklasma unda gamoikvlios skola da misi mimdebare teritoriada gamoarkvios, srulad aris Tu ara igi misawvdomi fizikuradarasrulfasovani adamianebisTvis. rogori cvlilebebisrekomendireba SeeZlebodaT maT? risi gakeTeba SeeZleboda Tqvensskolas imisaTvis, rom xeli Seuwyos invalidebis uflebebisSesaxeb deklaraciisa da gonebrivad CamorCenili pirebis uflebebisSesaxeb deklaraciis ganxorcielebas?

122 bavSvis uflebebiras vakeTebT Semdeg?Tavi IVes broSura -- araTu dasasruli, aramed mxolod dasawyisia.igi Seicavs winadadebebs, da ara mza receptebs. misi mizania -- stimulireba gaukeTos ideebis ganxilvasa da gaCenas daamgvarad uflebaTa da movaleobaTa safuZvlebis obieqtur gagebamdebavSvebis miyvanas adamianis sazogadoebis cxovrebaSiadamianis uflebaTa princi pebis maqsimaluri gamoyenebisaTvis.awarmoeT Sedegebis Canaweri, ise rom SesaZlebeli iyos danaxva,Tu rogor Caiara Tqvenma eqsperimentma. dafiqrdiT SedegebisSesaxeb da imis Sesaxeb, ra SeiZleba iqnas Secvlili.SeadgineT TviT Tqveni Tavis, Tqveni klasis da skolis aRwerada, Tu SesaZlebelia, CarTeT informacia Tqveni moswavleebisSesaxeb da sxvadasxva monacemebi maTze.piradi monayoli saqmianobis am saxeebidan romelimeze -- imisSesaxeb, ra iyo miznad, da ra ara, dawerili imisaTvis, Tu raiyo mosalodneli da Sedegad ra gamovida, mogcemT marcvalsmosafiqreblad -- yvelaferi es SeiZleba advilad iqnas gagebulida gaTvaliswinebuli sxvebis mier, vinc asruleben imavesamuSaos.adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis mniSvneloba SeuZlebelia gadafasdes.es pirvelxarisxovani mniSvnelobis saqmea. saSualebebida miznebi emTxveva erTmaneTs.da ukanaskneli rigis, da ara mniSvnelobis mixedviT: SeaxseneTmoswavleebs, rom adamianis ufleba -- es ar aris is, racSeexeba mxolod sxva adamianebs sadRac sxva adgilze. isiniexeba TiToeul Cvengans, radgan Cven -- mTeli Cveni mravalferovnebiT-- vcxovrobT erTsadaimave samyaroSi, damoukidebladimisa, vin varT -- `Cven~. waaxaliseT moswavleebi ifiqron imisSesaxeb, Tu rogor SeZlebdnen isini yvelaze ukeTesad imisgamoyenebas, rac gaiges, TavianT Sesabamis sazogadoebaSi adamianisuflebaTa ganviTarebisa da dacvisaTvis. amis safuZvladwarmogvidgeba bevri zemoT aRwerili saqmianobis saxe, romlebiciTvaliswineben mTlianad sazogadoebaSi adamianis uflebaTaprincipebis praqtikul gamoyenebas. es ganamtkicebda moswav-

ZiriTadi dokumentebi ...123leebis mier codnis miRebas da xels Seuwyobda maT mierTavianTi wvlilis Setanas klasis da skolis gareT da TavianTzrdasrul cxovrebaSi.ZiriTadi dokumentebi, romlebicgamoiyeneba adamianis uflebaTaswavlebis drosgaerTianebuli erebis organizacia1. adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, 26-e muxlis me-2 punqti.2. saerTaSoriso paqti ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuliuflebebis Sesaxeb, me-13 muxlis pirveli punqti3. adamianis uflebaTa komisia, 11 c (XXVII) 1971 wlis 22martis da 17 (XXIX) 1973 wlis 3 aprilis.4. diskriminaciis [Tavidan acilebisa] da umciresobaTa dacvisqvekomisia, 1988 wlis 1 seqtembris 1988/35 rezolucia.iuneskourTierTgagebis, TanamSromlobisa da saerTaSoriso mSvidobisganviTarebis miznebisa da adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTaganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli rekomendaciebievropis sabWowevri--saxelmwifoebis ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia #(85)7 skolebSi adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi swavlebisa daswavlis sakiTxebze. 1985 wlis 14 maisi, strasburgi.gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis kinofilmebiadamianis uflebaTa Sesaxebganuxorcielebeli ocneba (8 wuTi) - [bneli Sexeduleba] qalebiswinaSe yvelgan mdgar problemaze: ormagi datvirTva - muSaobasrul samuSao dRes da [diasaxlisis] movaleobebis Sesruleba.

124 bavSvis uflebebimultiplikaciuri filmi diqtoris teqstis gareSe. erToblivinawarmoebi dagram dukovTan [erTad], kinostudia `mokle filmebi~,Cexoslovakia. titrebi inglisur, arabul, espanur da frangulenebze, 1983 weli.ra ufleba gaaCnia bavSvs (15 wuTi) -- bavSvebi fanqrebiTa dasaRebaviT gamoxataven, ras niSnavs maTTvis adamianis uflebaTasayovelTao deklaracia. kinofilmi arsebobs inglisur, espanurda frangul enebze, 1968 weli.bavSvis TvaliT (29 wuTi) -- im wels, rodesac aRiniSna bavSvissaerTaSoriso weli, gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciammiawoda bavSvebs kinokamerebi mTel msoflioSi da sTxova maTgadaeRoT kinofilmebi imis Sesaxeb, ra warmoadgens yvelazemniSvnelovans maTTvis. kinofilmi arsebobs inglisur, arabul,espanur da frangul enebze, 1979 weli.danarTisaerTo xasiaTis sacnobaro masalebiadamianis uflebaTa Sesaxebgaeros ZiriTadi broSurebi da masalebiadamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb1. Human Rights: A Compilation of International Instruments (ST/HR1/Rev. 3;ÂD ghjlf;t gjl `1988.XIV.1)2. Ltzntkmyjcnm Jhufybpfwbq J,]tlbytyys[ yfwbq dj,kfcnb ghfd xtkjdtrf(d ghjlf;t gjl No.R. 83.XIV.2 )3. Human Rights, Status of International Instruments(d ghjlf;t gjl No. E.87. XIV.2)4. Human Rights Instruments (ST/HR/4/rev. 5)5. Ecnfd jhufybpfwbq J,]tlbytyys[ yfwbq (DPI/511)6. Dctj,ofz ltrkfhfwbz ghfd xtkjdtrf (DPI/15)7. Vt;leyfhjlysq ,bkkm j ghfdf[ xtkjdtrf (DPI/925 )8. Human Rights: Questions and answers (DPI/919)9. Bpkj;tybt afrnjd ` 1 Vt[fybpv d j,kfcnb ghfd xtkjdtrf

danarTi12510. Bpkj;tybt afrnjd ` 2 vt;leyfhjlysq ,bkkm j ghfdf[xtkjdtrf11. Bpkj;tybt afrnjd ` 3 rjycekmnfnbdyjt j,cke;bdfybtb nt[ybxtcrfz gjvjom d j,kfcnb ghfd xtkjdtrf12. News letter on Humun Rights13. Bulletin on Human Rights14. Human Rights YearbooksZiriTad wyaroTa arCeviTi bibliografia1. Adrahams, H. World Problems in the classromm. Educational Sdudiesand Documents No. 41 UNESCO, 1981.2. Accion Educativo-Cultural, El Campesino. Derechos Humanos, Reflexiony Accion, Una Guia para Educador. Bogota . 31.p.3. Aga Kkan, sadruddin. Les bases ethique pour le droit et la societe:perspectives de la Commission independante sur les questions humanitairesinternationales. Recueil des cours, Hague Academy ofInternational Law, 193(4)1985, pp.389-403.4. Agranovskaya, E.V. The legal culture and implementation of the rightsof the individual. Moscow, Nauka, 1988. 8 p.5. Amnesty International. Teaching and Learning About Human Rights.London.6. Association de Consultants internatationaux en drits de l’homme.Bulletin francophone de liasion et de documentation sur les droits del’homme. Geneva, 1984, 151 p.7. Association mondiale pour l‘ecole instrument de paix. Ecole de paix,bulletin trimestriel. Geneva.8. Ba, abdoul; koffi, Bruno; Sahli, Fethi (eds.) L’organization de l’uniteafricaine: de la charte d’addis- Abeba a la Convention des droits del’homme et de peuple. Paris. Sirex editions, 1984.9. Bandres Sanchez-Crzat, Jose Manuel, institue par le Pacte internationalrelatif aux droits civils et politiques. Geneve, A. Bojii, 1985.10. Cassin Rene. La Pensee et l’action . Boulogne-sur Seine, F, Lalou197211. Centre International de formation a l’enseignement des droit de

126 bavSvis uflebebil’homme et de la paix. Recueil des document de la quatrieme sessioniternationale de formation a l’enseignement des droits de l’hommeet de la paix pour les professeur des ecoles primaires, secondaire etprofessinelles. Geneva. 1988. 203 p12. Centre National de documentation pedagogique. Pour une educationaux droit de l’homme. “ Rereferen Documantaires”, No. 30.Paris,1985. 88.p.13. Chechot, D.M How to protect yuor rights: legal advice to citizens,Moscow, Yuridicheskaya literatura , 1988 11 p.14. Comite permemente des ONG UNESCO. Education pour la promotionet la defense des droits de l’homme, contre le racisme etl’aparheid. Paris. 1987. 59. P.15. Commission des droits de la personne du Quebec. Le droit cas’apprend. 508 p.16. Defense des enfant, Section suisse. Nos droits d’enfants. Ed.Syros,Paris. 72p.17. Department of Education. A Primer on Human Rights. Manila, thePhilippines.18. EDUPAZ. El Derecho a Ser un Joven. Buenos Aires. 48 p.19. Ermacora, Felix. The Protection of Minorities before The United Nasions.Hague Academy of International Law, vol. 182 (1982-IV), pp.247-370.20. Escuela de Derechos Humanos. Cursos Basicos en DerechosHumanos.Lima.21. Faculte de Pedagogie et de sciances de l’ education, Universite deGeneva. ,,Elle est ou votre maitresse?’’. Reflexion a parti d’une experienced’enseignement des droits de l’homme a l’ecole primaire.Martine Paulin. Memoire de Licence.1986.142p.22. Facolte de Pedagogie et de sciances de l’ education, Universite deGeneva. Une approche des droits de l’homme a l’ecole primaire atravers un materiel pedagogique. Fabienne Theytaz, Memoire deLicence.198p.23. Gravees, N., et al . Teaching for international understanding, peaceand human rights . UNESCO,1984.24. Guyana Human Rights Association. Guyana Handbook on the UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights. Georgtown. 31 .

danarTi12725. Human Rights Internet Reporter. Harvard Law Scool . Boston. Massachussets.26. Human Rights Teaching (occasional bulletin). UNESCO. PARIS.27. Humphrey, John p. Human rights and the Peace of Nations. Review.(International Commission of Jurists) No. 31 December 1983, pp.71-71.28. Humphrey John P. Human Rights and the United Nations: A GreatAdventure. Dobbs Ferry, N,.Y. Transnational Publishers.INC.,1983.29. Humphrey , John P. Les Condition Necessaires a la paix. Etudesinternationales. Le Centre quebecois de relationns internationales,18 (3) septembre 1987, pp. 601-60830. Kidd.S. Some Suggestions on Teaching about Human Rights.UNESCO, 1968.31. Lister I. Teaching and Learning about Human Rights. Strasbourg,Council of Europe 1984.32. Los Derechos Humanos. Ilkusager Ediciones, Vitoria, 68p.33. Malik, Charles. Man in the Struggle for peace. New-York, N.Y. Harperand Row.1963.34. Malik Charles. The Challenge of Human Rights. Toronto , CanadianAssociation for Adult Education, 194935. Mediateque de la Communaute francaise de Belgique. Droits del’homme , Droits de Peuples, Brussels.1986. 187p.36. Pettmam, Ralph. Teaching for Human rights. Human rights Commission,Victoria Elementary School Teachers, 176 p; pre-school andGrades.1-4.121p37. Education Civique. Editions hachette, Nathan, hatier, magnard Bordas,Delagrave et Belin Paris.1988.]38. Ramcharan, B.G. (ed). Human rights: Thirty Years After the U niversalDeclaration. The Hague,Nijhoph 1979.Roosevelt, Eleanor. On MYOwn. New-Youk, Harper’s 1958.39. Servicio de Publicaciones de la EXMA, Diputacion Provincial de Almwria.40. Derechos Humanos, Guoion Didactico. 1987.41. Servicio Paz y Justicia. Derechis Humanos. Montevideo.

128 bavSvis uflebebi42. Skvirsky, Yu. R . Human Rights-Real and Imaginary. Moscow, Znanye.1988.43. UNESCO. Apartheid, A Teacher’s Guide. Paris 1981. 105 p.44. UNESCO. Human Rights: Comments and Interpretations. A Symposiumedited by UNESCO. Westport., Connecticut, Greenwood,1973.45. UNESCO. Human Rights , Questiones and Answers. Leah LevinParis 1981. 86p.46. Wolsk D. An Experience- Ceteed Curriculum: Exercises in Perception,Communication and Action. Educational Studiesw and Documents. No. 17, UNESCO 1975.47. World Association for the School as an Instruments of Peace. ANew Methodology for Human Rights Teaching . The Universal Declarationof Human Rights in Plain English Vocabulary. Geneva , 1978.adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis drosgamosayenebeli ZiriTadi dokumentebiJhufybpfwbz j,]tltytyys[ yfwbqDctj,ofz ltrkfhfwbz ghfd xtkjdtrf= geyrn 2 cnfnmb 26\Vt;leyfhjlysq gfrn j, trjyjvbxtcrb[= cjwbfkmys[ b rekmnehys[ ghfdf[= geyrn 1 cnfnmb 13\Rjvbccbz gj ghfdfv xtkjdtrf= htpjk.wbq 11 c(XXVII ) jn 22vfhnf 1971 ujl;f b 17 (XXIX ) jn 3 fghtkz 1973 ujlf\Gjlrjvbcbz gj ghtleght;ltyb. Lbcrhbvbyfwbb b pfibntvtymibycnd= htpfk.wbz 1988$35 jn 1 ctynz,z 1988 ujlf\>YTCRJHtrjvtylfwbz d jnyfitybb j,hfpjdfybz d wtkz[ hfpdbnbzdpfbvjgjybvfybz= cjnhelybxtcndf b vt;leyfhjlyjuj vbhfb j,hfpjdfybz d j,kfcnb ghfd xtkfdtrf b jcyfdys[ cdj,jl\Utythfkmyfz rjyathtywbz= 19 yjz,hz 1974 ujlf= Gfhb;\

danarTi129Tdhjgtqcrbq CjdtnHtrjvtylfwbz ` (85) 7 rjvbntnf vbybcnhjd ujcelfhcnd-xktyjdgj djghjcfv ghtgjljdfybz b j,extybz d j,kfcnb ghfdxtkjdtrf d irjkf[\ 14 vfz 1985 ujlf= Cnhfc,ehu\gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciiskinofilmebi adamianis uflebaTa SesaxebYtjceotcndbvfz vtxnf (8 vbyen) _ Vhfxysq dpukzl yfghj,ktve= gjdc.lecnjzoe. Gthtl ;tyobyfvb| ldjqyfz yfuheprf_ hf,jnfgjkysq hf,jxbq ltym b dsgjkytybt j,zptyyjcntqljvj[fpzqrb\ Vekmnbgkbrfwbjyysq abkv ,tp lbrnjhcrjujntrcnf\ cjdvtcnyjt ghjbpdjncdj c Lfuvfhjq Le,rjdjq= rbyjcnelbz==rhfnrbt abkmvb @ = Xt[jckjdfrbz\ Nbnhs yf fyukbqcrjv=fhf,crjv= bcgfycrjv b ahfywepcrjv zpsrf[= 1983ujl\Rfrjt ghfdj bvttn ht,tyjr (15 vbyen) _ Ltnb bpf,hf;f.nrfhfylfifvb bRhfcrfvb= xnj pyfxbn lkz yb[ Dctj,ofz ltrkfhfwbz ghfdxtkjdtrf\ Rbyjabkmv bvttncz yf fyukbcrjv= bcgfycrjv bahfywepcrjv zpsrf[= 1968 ujl\Ukfpfvb ht,tyrf (29 vbyen) _ D ujl= rjulf jnvtxfkczVt;leyfhjlysq ujlHt,tyrf= Jhufybpfwbz J,]tlbytyys[ yfwbq ghtljcnfdbkfltnzv dj dctv vbht rbyjrfvthb b gjghfcbkf b[ cyznm rbyjabkmvsj njv= xnj zdkztncz cfvsv df;ysv lkz yb[\ Rbyjabkmvbvttnczyf fyukbqcrjv= fhf,crjv= bcgfycrjv bahfywepcrjv zpsrf[= 1979 ujl\

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