Tengiz gumberiZe

akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti<br />

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti<br />

<strong>Tengiz</strong> <strong>gumberiZe</strong><br />

siko faSaliSvilis Semoqmedeba XX saukunis<br />

qarTuli literaturis konteqstSi<br />

10.01.01 _ qarTuli literatura<br />

filologiis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis<br />

mosapoveblad warmodgenili sadisertacio<br />

naSromi<br />

mecnier-xelmZRvanelebi: avTandil nikoleiSvili<br />

filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori<br />

nazi xelaia<br />

filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori<br />

quTaisi<br />

2009

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Sinaarsi<br />

Sesavali _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ gv. 3-9<br />

Tavi I - siko faSaliSvilis poeturi Semoqmedeba _ _ _gv. 10-60<br />

Tavi II - siko faSaliSvilis arapoeturi memkvidreoba gv. 61-114<br />

a) dramaturgia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ gv. 62-76<br />

b) memuarebi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ gv. 76-101<br />

g) publicistika _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ gv. 101-114<br />

Tavi III - 1920 wlis literaturuli polemika da siko<br />

faSaliSvili _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ gv. 115-133<br />

Tavi IV - siko faSaliSvilis Semoqmedebis rolisa da<br />

adgilisaTvis XX saukunis qarTulliteraturaSi gv. 134-143<br />

danarTi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ gv. 143-155<br />

daskvna _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ gv. 256-158<br />

bibliografia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ gv. 159-162<br />

2

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Sesavali<br />

siko faSaliSvilis Semoqmedebas qarTuli literaturis istoriaSi<br />

mokrZalebuli adgili uWiravs. miuxedavad saintereso sazogadoebrivi<br />

da SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobisa, mwerlis saxeli saTanadod cnobili ar<br />

aris Tanamedrove sazogadoebisTvis. siko faSaliSvilis Semoqmedebis<br />

Sesaxeb jerjerobiT ar arsebobs vrceli monografiuli gamokvleva da<br />

arc ramdenadme mainc srulyofili samecniero narkvevi. sxvadasxva dros<br />

periodul presaSi gamoqveynebuli v. aslamaziSvilis, i. gomarTelis, T.<br />

barbaqaZis, l. begiaSvilis, d. meluas, a. mirianaSvilis, n. SarmiaSvilis<br />

i. miloravas, d. revias, g. ciciSvilis, s. Wilaias, i. javaxiSvilis, T.<br />

jangulaSvilis samecniero literaturuli werilebi da statiebi<br />

saSualebas ar gvaZlevs, s. faSaliSvilis Semoqmedebaze saTanado<br />

warmodgena viqonioT. zogierTi werili recenzias warmoadgens, zogic<br />

Jurnalisturi, saiubileo-mimoxilviTi xasiaTisaa, mxolod mcire<br />

nawilia samecniero-analitikuri. TiToeuli avtori aRiarebs s.<br />

faSaliSvilis Semoqmedebis Janrobriv mravalmxrivobas. maTgan umetesoba<br />

kompleqsurad, mTlianobaSi mimoixilavs mis Semoqmedebas da ara calke<br />

aRebul romelime Janrs. mwerlis Semoqmedebaze dakvirveba<br />

gvafiqrebinebs, rom marTebulia l. begiaSvilis werilSi, `SesaniSnavi<br />

mwerali da moqalaqe", gamoTqmuli azri imis Sesaxeb, rom s.<br />

faSaliSvilis mier ganvlili xangrZlivi saintereso SemoqmedebiTi gza<br />

Rirsia vrceli monografiuli gamokvlevis. werilis avtors imedi aqvs,<br />

rom am saqmes momavali Taoba aucileblad dauTmobs saTanado<br />

yuradRebas.<br />

s. faSaliSvili ganuwyvetliv muSaobda poeziis, kinodramaturgiis,<br />

satira-iumoris, mTargmnelobiTs, mxatvruli narkvevisa da sxva dargebSi.<br />

zemoT dasaxelebul avtorTa werilebSi mxolod zogadad vecnobiT s.<br />

faSaliSvilis poeturi lirikis zogierT monakveTs. mkvlevari T.<br />

barbaqaZe s. faSaliSvilis mxolod erTi leqsis (`maS gamarjoba...")<br />

mniSvnelobaze saubrobs, i. miloravac aseve erTi leqsis (`ukvdaveba")<br />

3

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ganxilviT kmayofildeba, xolo, S. sulaberiZe miesalmeba s.<br />

faSaliSvilis leqsebis erTtomeulis gamocemas da fragmentulad<br />

mimoixilavs sul ramdenime leqss am poeturi krebulidan. igive avtori<br />

Tavis mcireformatian wignSi `Tanamedrove lirikosTa portretebi"<br />

poetis Semoqmedebas isev mokled da lapidarulad axasiaTebs.<br />

migviTiTebs, rom poetis SemoqmedebaSi SeiZleba gamovyoT samSoblos<br />

Tema, siyvarulis gancda, filosofiuri lirika... avtori mxolod zogad<br />

warmodgenas gviqmnis s. faSaliSvilis lirikuli poeziis Sesaxeb. igive<br />

iTqmis i. gomarTelis TxzulebaTa II tomSi Setanili kritikuli werilis<br />

mimarTac. amdenad, s. faSaliSvilis poezia TiTqmis Seuswavlelia.<br />

siko faSaliSvili SesaniSnav publicistadac mogvevlina. 1935 wels<br />

gamocemul wignSi _ `Zvel yamirebze" _ erT aTeulze meti mxatvruli<br />

narkvevia Setanili, Tumca qarTul literaturul kritikaSi dRemde<br />

oriode warmomadgenels (d. iovaSvili, k. ZiZiguri) Tu davasaxelebT, vinc<br />

misi zogierTi narkvevi nawilobriv mainc mimoixila. aRniSnul wignze<br />

dRemde safuZvliani kritikuli azri ar gamoTqmula.<br />

mxatvruli narkvevis Sesaxeb erT dros (1934 w.) mweralTa Soris<br />

cxare kamaTic ki gamarTula. masSi s. faSaliSvils aqtiuri monawileoba<br />

miuRia da erTob saintereso mosazrebani gamouTqvams am sakiTxis<br />

irgvliv (polemikis wamomwyebi s. Ciqovani gaxldaT). bunebrivia, aq<br />

mravali urTierTsawinaaRmdego mosazreba gamoiTqva. s. faSaliSvilma<br />

Tavis vrcel gamosvlaSi bolomde daicva narkvevi rogorc erT-erTi<br />

literaturuli Janri. samwuxaroa, rom am gamosvlis Sesaxeb<br />

literaturul kritikaSi aqamde araferia naTqvami. sakiTxi aqtualurad<br />

JRerda da dRemde inarCunebs mniSvnelobas.<br />

qarTul mwerloba memuaruli JanriT ganebivrebuli ar aris, swored<br />

am Janris saukeTeso Senamatad migvaCnia mwerlis xandazmulobis Jams<br />

gamocemuli memuarebis wigni `dauviwyari Sexvedrebi", romelSic<br />

mkiTxveli mraval sagulisxmo mogonebas gaecnoba. kritikosTa oriode<br />

sagazeTo werilis (d. melua _ `mogvimravldes aseTi", d. revia _ `Zvirfas<br />

oqrod darCeba") garda, am wignis Sesaxeb jer arsad araferi Tqmula.<br />

amdenad, arc `dauviwuari Sexvedrebia" kritikulad ganxiluli.<br />

4

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qarTuli kinoxelovnebisa da Teatris winaSe s. faSaliSvilis<br />

damsaxurebac saTanadod ar aris Seswavlili. masze, rogorc<br />

dramaturgze, ufro metad zepiri cnobebi metyveleben, vidre<br />

literaturuli werilebi. sxva komentari saWiro arc aris, Tumca zogad<br />

mimoxilvebSi aseT sinamdviles mainc waikiTxavT: `saqarTveloSi ar<br />

moiZebneba iseTi Teatraluri moRvawe, sikos saxels rom ar icnobdes"<br />

(63) - werda kulturis damsaxurebuli moRvawe i. javaxiSvili. marTlac,<br />

s. faSaliSvilma Tavi gamoiCina rogorc niWierma scenaristma da Teatris<br />

kritikosma. vfiqrobT, rom momavalma Taobam am SesaniSnavi dramaturgis<br />

saxeli, romelmac Seqmna komediebi, kinoscenarebi da mravali libreto,<br />

daumsaxureblad misca daviwyebas.<br />

yuradRebas ipyrobs s. faSaliSvilis satirul-iumoristuli<br />

nawarmoebebic. 1961 wels gamocemuli `mxiaruli wigni" or aTeulamde<br />

piesas, sketCsa da vodevils Seicavs. calke iumoristul wignebad<br />

gamoica `Tavi sizmarSi mgonia", `murTaz", `axmedis pataki" da `CaCanaki<br />

kakanaTSi", romlebic mkiTxvelTa gulwrfel Rimils iwveven. Tavis<br />

droze mwerali popularuli da cnobili iyo Jurnal `niangis" rubrikiT<br />

`farsadanma Tqva" (`farsadani" misi iumoristuli (saniango) fsevdonimia -<br />

T. g.).<br />

s. faSaliSvili iyo erT-erTi aqtiuri monawile gaxmaurebuli<br />

literaturuli polemikisa, romelic 1920 wels mimdinareobda i.<br />

griSaSvilsa da g. robaqiZes Soris. sagangebod aRvniSnavT, rom am<br />

polemikaSi s. faSaliSvilis monawileobaze ki ara, TviT polemikis<br />

arsisa da arsebobis Sesaxebac aTwleulebis manZilze araferi iyo<br />

cnobili. literaturuli kritika dumda gasagebi mizezis gamo _ misi<br />

monawile xom SemdgomSi evropaSi gadaxvewili emigranti grigol<br />

robaqiZe gaxldaT, romlis saxelic sabWoTa epoqaSi tabudadebuli iyo.<br />

prof. b. arvelaZem Tavi mouyara da 1990 wels xelaxla gamoaqveyna<br />

(`mnaTobi" ##3-4) aRniSnuli polemikis ZiriTadi masalebi, xolo s.<br />

faSaliSvilis werilebi da am polemikaSi misi monawileoba yuradRebis<br />

miRmaa darCenili.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis SemoqmedebiTi mravalmxrivoba amiT ar amoiwureba.<br />

aRsaniSnavia, rom igi eweoda nayofier mTargmnelobiT muSaobasac. man<br />

5

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SesaniSnavad gadmoaqarTula mravali ucxouri komedia, drama­piesa,<br />

opereta, romlebmac saTanado adgili daimkvidres Teatralur scenaze.<br />

garda dramatuli Semoqmedebisa, s. faSaliSvilma Targmna rusuli da<br />

dasavleT evropuli mxatvruli literaturis nimuSebi puSkinis,<br />

lermontovis, mickeviCis, SevCenkos, gonCaris, leberextis da sxvebis<br />

Semoqmedebidan.<br />

erT-erT mniSvnelovan sakiTxad migvaCnia siko faSaliSvilis,<br />

rogorc mwerlis, rolisa da adgilis gansazRvra me-20 saukunis<br />

qarTuli mwerlobis istoriaSi.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis samwerlo asparezze gamosvla daemTxva uaxlesi<br />

mwerlobis erT­erT yvelaze saintereso monakveTs, roca gverdigverd<br />

idgnen mweralTa jgufebi, romelTac sxvadasxva politikuri mrwamsi da<br />

literaturuli mimarTulebani gaaCndaT. siko mxolod akademiur<br />

mweralTa asociaciis wevri iyo am jgufis Seqmnis dRidan da sicocxlis<br />

bolomde misi ideuri mimarTulebis erTguli darCa. mwerlis politikur<br />

platformas gansazRvravda socialist­federalistTa partia, xolo<br />

literaturul mimarTulebas zemoaRniSnuli asociaciis Sesabamisi<br />

ideologiuri gza. literaturas da mTlianad xelovnebas TiTqos<br />

gamocdis Jami daudga. Zneli iyo sakuTari poziciisa da simtkicis<br />

SenarCuneba. marTebuli iqneba imis Tqma, rom siko faSaliSvilma am<br />

rTul gamocdas warmatebiT gaarTva Tavi. igi mudam inarCunebda<br />

sxvadasxva jgufisagan damoukideblobas, TavisTavadobas, arc `didi<br />

oqtombris" revoluciasa da gasabWoebas Sexvedria zeaRmarTuli<br />

droSiT. Tavdapirvelad siko gazeT `droebisa" da `saxalxo saqmis"<br />

SemoqmedebiT jgufebTan TanamSromlobda. saqarTvelosTvis metad<br />

daZabul wlebSi ki iseve, rogorc mravali sxva, Zalauneburad Cadga<br />

`sabWouri cxovrebis ferxulSi".<br />

misi Semoqmedeba Tavidanve erovnuli ideebiT sazrdoobda. mwerali<br />

ar mihkedlebia im drois udides movlenas _ oqtombris revolucias,<br />

aRtacebiT ar Sehgebebia mas. piriqiT, marqsistulma moZraobam daumsxvria<br />

umTavresi imedebi, ramdenadac, swored es moZraoba aRmoCnda erovnul<br />

ZalebTan dapirispirebuli.<br />

6

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siko faSaliSvilis leqsebi, memuaruli literatura, misi<br />

gonebamaxviluri publicisturi narkvevebi, dramaturgia, Targmanebi,<br />

RimiliT savse iumoristuli nawarmoebebi gvafiqrebinebs, rom maTi<br />

avtori met yuradRebas imsaxurebs sazogadoebisagan.<br />

dRevandeli mkiTxveli sazogadoeba saTanadod ar icnobs mwerlis<br />

mier ganvlil rTul da saintereso cxovrebis gzas. periodul presaSi<br />

dabeWdili misi biografiuli Strixebi Zalze mwiria. sofel maCxaanSi<br />

dabadebuli, Raribi glexis Svili, aRizarda mravalSvilian mSromel<br />

ojaxSi. iq wignze aravin fiqrobda. momaval mwerals bavSvobaSive<br />

aRmoaCnda unari damoukideblad gaekvlia gza jer soflis orklasiani<br />

saswavleblisa da Semdeg Tbilisis universitetisken. momavalma poetma,<br />

sakuTari niWis wyalobiTa da Tavdadebuli SromiT SeZlo imdroindeli<br />

rTuli sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis labirinTebis gavla, eziara WeSmariti<br />

poeziis madls da Tavisi kvalic aRbeWda mSobliur literaturaSi. misi<br />

SemoqmedebiTi gza 1905-1907 wlebis burJuaziuli revoluciis Semdgomi<br />

periodidan daiwyo da qarTul mwerlobas sicocxlis bolomde emsaxura.<br />

sikos saintereso cxovrebiseuli epizodebi sruliad ucnobia qarTveli<br />

mkiTxvelisTvis. arc misi pirveli SemoqmedebiTi nabijebia saTanadod<br />

gaSuqebuli. burusiTaa moculi mwerlis politikuri cxovrebis gzac.<br />

vinaidan, s. faSaliSvilis Semoqmedeba pirvelad gaxda monografiuli<br />

Seswavlis sagani, Seusabamo ar iqneba winamdebare sadisertacio<br />

naSromze mwerlis cxovrebiseuli mniSvnelovani epizodebis darTva.<br />

`iyav poeti, suliT alali, sityvas gimkobdes kacuri madli" -<br />

sakuTari Tavisadmi mimarTuli es sityvebi warmoadgens siko<br />

faSaliSvilis, rogorc poetis da moqalaqis, mTavar SemoqmedebiT<br />

devizs. marTlac, mis poetur mgznebarebas mudam Tan axlda alali suli<br />

da kacuri madli. siko faSaliSvili, didi ilias, akakis da vaJas azrebis<br />

Tayvanismcemeli, SeuerTda mweralTa `akademiuri asociaciis"<br />

literaturul jgufs, romelic yvelaze metad gamoxatavda qarTvel 60-<br />

ianelTa erovnul interesebs. mogvianebiT siko socialistur poziciebze<br />

ise `gadmovida" rogorc mravali sxva _ saxelisuflebo iZulebiTi<br />

RonisZiebebis Sedegad, rasac misi Tanamedroveni xazgasmiT aRniSnaven.<br />

siko faSaliSvili Tavisi mrwamsis bolomde erTguli darCa.<br />

7

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uTuod yuradRebamisaqcevia is garemoeba, rom s. faSaliSvils<br />

qarTuli literaturis mraval JanrSi aqvs wvlili Setanili. rogorc<br />

ukve iTqva, igi ganuwyvetliv muSaobda rogorc poeziis, ise prozis,<br />

satira­iumoris, kinodramaturgiis, mTargmnelobiT, publicistikis da<br />

sxva dargebSi. mwerlis Semoqmedebis Tematur mravalferovnebaze<br />

mianiSnebs TiToeuli is kritikosi, vinc mas gascnobia. man qarTul<br />

mwerlobaSi fexi poeziiT Sedga.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis poezia, Tavis mxriv, gamoirCeva motivTa<br />

mravalsaxeobiT. vrceli adgili uWiravs samSoblos Temas, satrfialo<br />

da filosofiur lirikas.<br />

poeti ara marto warsulis mxatvrul gadmocemas emsaxureba, igi<br />

mwerluri realobiT gadmogvcems Tanamedrove cxovrebis avsa da kargs.<br />

siko faSaliSvilis dabadebis 70­e wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT, kritikosi<br />

giorgi ciciSvili werda: `s. faSaliSvilis poeziis mniSvneloba marto<br />

warsuli damsaxurebiT rodi ganisazRvreba. mamuliSviluri siyvaruli<br />

qveynisa da xalxisadmi, maRali moqalaqeobrivi TviTSegneba, adamianuri<br />

siTbo­guliTadoba da sulieri sispetake _ s. faSaliSvilis es<br />

pirovnuli Tvisebebi, misi STagonebis wyarod gamxdara da leqsebis<br />

moucilebel wibod qceuli _ axlac sicocxliT avseben mis poetur<br />

nawarmoebebs" (57). marto is rad Rirs, rom s. faSaliSvils, rogorc<br />

poets, pativs scemdnen da afasebdnen didi akaki da vaJa­fSavela. mis<br />

pirad arqivSi moipoveba mravali dokumenti, werili, gazeTi, afiSa,<br />

Zveli sabuTebis dasta, romlebic mowmoben, rom sikos stumrebi<br />

mravalgzis yofilan kita abaSiZe, konstantine gamsaxurdia, ioseb<br />

griSaSvili, giorgi leoniZe... sikos nacnob­megobrebTan urTierTobani<br />

nawilobriv gadmocemulia mwerlis memuarebSi, saidanac akakisa da<br />

vaJa­fSavelas cxovrebis furclebi axali, Zalze Zvirfasi cnobebiT<br />

ivseba. aseve iTqmis kote mayaSvilis, baCanas, daviT kldiaSvilis, vano<br />

sarajiSvilis, kote marjaniSvilisa da sxvaTa cxovrebiseul epizodebze.<br />

Tanamedroveni sikos icnobdnen rogorc SesaniSnav pirovnebas,<br />

gulmxurvale mamuliSvils da simarTlis madliT aRvsebul Semoqmeds.<br />

man qarTul presaSi naxevar saukuneze metxans iRvawa. TanamSromlobda im<br />

dros gamomaval TiTqmis yvela periodul gamocemaSi. i. javaxiSvilis<br />

8

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(kulturis damsaxurebuli moRvawe) TqmiT, `saqarTveloSi Znelad<br />

moiZebneba iseTi gazeTi, romlis furclebi siko faSaliSvilis madlian<br />

striqonebs ar Seevsos" (63).<br />

sfaSaliSvilis memkvidreobaze dakvirvebidan Cans, rom Semoqmedma,<br />

misTvis damaxasiaTebeli xelweriT, realuri cxovrebidan aiRo<br />

racionaluri marcvali maradiulobis msoflgancdisa. man erTmaneTs<br />

daukavSira uaxlesi qarTuli mwerloba da misi Tanamedrove<br />

zogadadamianuri problemebi. sayuradReboa mwerlis mxatvruli samyaro<br />

da masSi gamJRavnebuli ZiriTadi tendenciebi. maTi mimarTeba XX<br />

saukunis 10­iani da 20­iani wlebis mwerlobasTan da TiTqmis<br />

naxevarsaukunovan sinamdvilesTan, roca yalibdeboda s. faSaliSvilis<br />

SemoqmedebiTi problematika da msoflmxedveloba. igi uaxlesi<br />

qarTuli literaturis pirmSoa, Tumca literaturuli motivebiT (es<br />

gansakuTrebiT Cans 10­iani wlebis SemoqmedebaSi) XIX saukunis klasikos<br />

realistTa ideebs exmianeba. amis Sesaxeb memuarebSic ambobs, rom didi<br />

ilias azrebi iyo mkvebavi misi SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebisa, xolo vaJas<br />

stils TviTonac, SeiZleba iTqvas, mizanmimarTulad baZavda, imdenad<br />

izidavda didi Semoqmedis stiqia da samarTlianobis damkvidrebisaTvis<br />

brZolis dauokebeli Jini.<br />

naSromi pirveli mcdelobaa literaturuli samsjavros winaSe<br />

mTlianobaSi warmovaCinoT s. faSaliSvilis mxatvruli samyaro.<br />

pirvelad gaxda Seswavlis sagani mwerlis biografia. cota ram aris<br />

cnobili misi poeziis da prozis Sesaxeb. ukve mivuTiTeT, rom arsad<br />

araferi iyo naTqvami s. faSaliSvilis mZafr polemikaze g. robaqiZesTan.<br />

SevecadeT, es xarvezebi ramdenadme mainc Segvevso. yuradReba<br />

gavamaxvileT Teoriul mosazrebebze literaturuli narkvevis Sesaxeb,<br />

romelic man 1934 w. mweralTa kavSiris erT­erT sxdomaze Camoayaliba. es<br />

iyo mwyobri msjeloba, riTac s. faSaliSvili Rirseulad warmoCinda<br />

literaturuli sazogadoebis winaSe.<br />

naSromis ZiriTad wyaroebs warmoadgens s. faSaliSvilis<br />

Semoqmedeba, rogorc originaluri, ise mTargmnelobiTi. aseve misi<br />

sazogadoebrivi moRvaweobis amsaxveli masalebi, saarqivo dokumentebi,<br />

perioduli presaSi gamoqveynebuli werilebi, mwerlis piradi arqivi da<br />

9

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dokumentur masalebTan Sejerebuli zepiri gadmocemebi.<br />

vfiqrobT, naSromi ramdenadme mainc Seavsebs im xarvezs, rac<br />

literaturis istoriaSi arsebobs am saintereso Semoqmedis mimarT. Temis<br />

srulyofa momavalSi muSaobis gagrZelebas gulisxmobs.<br />

Tavi I<br />

siko faSaliSvilis poeturi Semoqmedeba<br />

siko faSaliSvilma SemoqmedebiTi gzis dasawyisSi qarTvel<br />

mkiTxvels Tavi poeziiT gaacno. misi pirveli leqsebi 1909 wels daibeWda<br />

ganaxlebul iliaseul `iveriasa" da `droebaSi". 1910 wels igi Tbiliss<br />

miemgzavreba da iwyebs aqtiur literaturul muSaobas. SemoqmedebiT<br />

gzaze axlad gamosuli poetis leqsebi imTaviTve sistematurad<br />

ibeWdeboda. s. faSaliSvilis pirveli poeturi krebuli `Cangi" (gamoica<br />

1917 wels) gulmodgined waukiTxavs ivane gomarTels. saxelovanma<br />

mkurnalma da publicistma masSi `mravalferovani" niWiT dajildoebuli<br />

axalgazrda poeti dainaxa: `aris poeti, romlis saxec TqvenTvis pirveli<br />

leqsidanve naTelia... aris poeti, romlis saxec didxans rCeba<br />

gamourkveveli, is didxans aris duRilSi... SeiZleba Sig CaiRupos, xolo<br />

Tu gamarjvbuli gamovida, uTuod Rrma da mravalferovani iqneba.<br />

ukanasknelT ricxvs ekuTvnis poeti faSaliSvili" (8, 161). amis<br />

Semdegac, mkiTxveli sazogadoeba, qarTul periodul gamocemebSi xSirad<br />

ecnoboda s. faSaliSvilis lirikas, man sakuTari niWis wyalobiT da<br />

Tavdadebuli SromiT gaikvlia cxovrebis urTulesi gza da gulwrfelad<br />

eziara WeSmariti poeziis madls.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis samwerlo asparezze gamosvlas win uZRoda 1905-07<br />

wlebis revolucia da reaqciis xana. qveyana, xalxi ukidures gaWirvebas<br />

ganicdida rogorc sulier, ise materialur sferoSi. TviTon uRaribesi<br />

glexis Svils, siko faSaliSvils, mebrZoli paTosi arasodes Caqrobia.<br />

miuxedavad Tavmdablobisa, pasiur poziciaze is arasodes mdgara. Tavisi<br />

mrwamsiTa da politikuri msoflmxedvelobiT s. faSaliSvili<br />

social­federalisti iyo. igi yovelTvis did moTxovnebs uyenebda<br />

sakuTar Tavs, rogorc sazogado moRvaweobaSi, ise poeziaSic. miRweuls<br />

sakmarisad arasodes miiCnevda:<br />

10

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`da imas vnaRvlob msxverpli droisa,<br />

vah, Tu ver viyo me maradisi,<br />

vah, Tu buneba motyuvdes CemSi<br />

da gadmocema ver SevZlo misi", _<br />

ambobs igi Tavis erT-erT adrindel leqsSi, romelsac `eWvis ferfli"<br />

hqvia.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis poezias zogjer emCneva qarTveli klasikosebis<br />

zegavlena. motanili strofi gvafiqrebinebs, rom igi reminiscenciaa al.<br />

WavWavaZis poeturi striqonebisa _ `me amas vtiri, ganawiri, vah, Tu veswra<br />

ver, TvaraRa Jami, gulT­maami, kvlavca iqnebis". `me amas vnaRvlob<br />

msxverpli droisa, vah, Tu ver viyo me maradisi". azri da leqsika<br />

TiTqmis identuria, msgavsi magaliTebis daZebna kidev SeiZleba. ra Tqma<br />

unda, amiT imis Tqma ar gvsurs, rom s. faSaliSvilis poezia sxvaTa<br />

naazrevis gadamRerebaa (azrobrivi identurobis magaliTebi did qarTvel<br />

poetTa strofebSic xSirad gvxvdeba), piriqiT, gvwams, rom igi Rrmad<br />

icnobda da ewafeboda qarTuli poeziis nimuSebs ­ gamoCenil qarTvel<br />

SemoqmedTa Sedevrebs da zogjer uneblieT SemoiWreboda maTi azri Tu<br />

mxatvruli saxeebi poetis SemoqmedebaSi. msgavsi reminiscenciebi s.<br />

faSaliSvilis mier qarTuli poeziis Rrma codnis maxasiaTebelia.<br />

upirvelesi STagonebis wyaro siko faSaliSvilisaTvis iyo<br />

samSoblo, mSobeli xalxi. `ra Temazedac ar unda werdes igi leqss,<br />

yvelgan igrZnoba qarTveli kacis buneba, misi mwuxareba Tu<br />

aRfrTovaneba" (22, 3). poetis gulwrfelobas da guliTadobas aRiarebda<br />

yvela misi Tanamedrove, visac masTan urTierToba da nacnoboba hqonia.<br />

igi yovelTvis uSualo iyo Tavis qveyanasa da xalxTan mimarTebaSi.<br />

amitomac gvwams misi gulwrfeloba, roca leqsSi `samSoblosadmi"<br />

mSobel qveyanas mimarTavs:<br />

`Seni vardebis surneli meca,<br />

roca amsoflad Semovdgi fexi".<br />

amdenad, s. faSaliSvilis pirveli sityva samSoblos eZRvneba. poets<br />

eamayeba, rom igi saqarTvelos Svilia da SesaZlebloba aqvs miendos misi<br />

`sityvis kilos". is, Tavisi qveynis `sevdiT danavluli", Svebas isev<br />

saqarTvelos trfialSi hpovebda. sadac ar unda yofiliyo, Sin Tu<br />

11

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gareT, galaRebulsa Tu `bedis mzraxvels" mudam Tan dahqonda `gulis<br />

sinaTled" qceuli samSoblos xateba. leqsi mSvenieri mxatvruli<br />

saxeebiT gadmogvcems avtoris namdvil gulisTqmas. samSoblosadmi<br />

mimarTvas poeti aseTi striqonebiT amTavrebs:<br />

`gzas minaTebda Sendami locva,<br />

Seni mzisaken Tvali meWira,<br />

netavi asi sicocxle momca,<br />

asive SenTvis Semomewira".<br />

s. faSaliSvilis mokrZalebuli xasiaTidan gamomdinare, masTan<br />

axlos myof megobarTa wreSic ki ver warmoidgendnen, Tu ra boboqar<br />

guls daatarebda es garegnulad wynari da gawonasworebuli pirovneba.<br />

poetis xasiaTSi wvdomas mxolod mis Semoqmedebaze safuZvliani<br />

dakvirvebiTa da gacnobiT Tu SevZlebT.<br />

zemoT ukve iTqva, rom s. faSaliSvilis mosvla qarTul mwerlobaSi<br />

daemTxva 1905­07 wlebis burJuaziul­demokratiuli revoluciis Semdeg<br />

gamZvinvarebuli Savi reaqciis wlebs. `am dros gaZlierda dabneulobisa<br />

da uimedobis suliskveTeba. am ganwyobilebis susxi s. faSaliSvilsac ar<br />

ascda. mis gulsac CaewveTa kaeSani, sevda, magram imedis sxivi,<br />

usamarTlobis winaSe qedmouxrelobis suliskveTeba mainc ar Cakvdomia"<br />

(39, 184).<br />

piradma rwmenam da aqtiurma SemoqmedebiTma poziciam aTqmevina mas<br />

1913 wels daweril erT­erT leqsSi: `magram ara msurs, cxovrebis tlanq<br />

xels qedmoxriT vuTxra sityva monisa".<br />

jer kidev 1909 wels `iveriaSi~ gamoqveynda manamde ucnobi poetis<br />

leqsi `iveria", romelmac ZnelbedobiT daTalxul im xanaSi patriotuli<br />

tkivilebi gaaxsena reaqciis susxiT SeTrTvilul qarTvelobas" (57).<br />

poeti leqsebSi umetesad mxiarul, naTel ganwyobas aqsovs. aseve<br />

xSiradaa igi naRvlianic, magram elis im dRes, roca `xalxis cremlebi"<br />

warRvnad gadaiqceva da arsebul bneleTs walekavs. 1913 wels daweril,<br />

vaJa­fSavelasadmi miZRvnil, vaJaseburi stilis leqsSi `simRera" (`vaJa ­<br />

fSavelas, miseburad" _ s. f.) poeti brZolis dauokebel Jins amJRavnebs.<br />

meomruli paTosiT aRtkinebuli, `bedis qariSxals" ayolili, romelmac<br />

`bevri xrioki, Wiuxi da kldeni" gadaatara, igi Semdegi strofebiT<br />

12

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exmaureba genios vaJas:<br />

`xan cas avuxtiT, civ Rrublebs<br />

Sevexe daWril mkerdiTa,<br />

xan Zirs daveSviT, brZolis xmebs<br />

zRvis mCqef talRebze vwerdiTa!<br />

`win - momesmoda Zaxili -<br />

mterma ar gnaxos mZinare,<br />

arvin SegniSnos silaCris<br />

cremli - Tvals Camomdinare,<br />

gind gariyulsa fonidan,<br />

gejaxos Smagi mdinare, ­<br />

dauxvdi Seudrekelad,<br />

lomi iyavi mZvinvare!"<br />

Wabuki poeti misdevs am xmas da dabrkolebebis winaSe ukan arc ixevs<br />

da arc ixedeba. igi, mTlad gakaJebuli, `brWyalgalesil cxovrebas"<br />

eurCeba da ebrZvis. aRniSnuli leqsis Semdegi strofebi kidev ufro<br />

uaxlovdeba XIX saukunis klasikos SemoqmedTa imedian ganwyobilebas,<br />

romlebic samSoblo qveynis ukeTesi momavlis rwmenas gamoTqvamdnen da<br />

winaswarmetyvelebdnen:<br />

`mwvervalze Sevdeq, ganvlil gzas<br />

ocnebis TvaliT gavxede,<br />

gulSi imedma ielva,<br />

bedi ar gavaTavxede!..<br />

. . . . . . . .<br />

gulma maxara simarTlis<br />

zeimis moaxloeba:<br />

`Seni CanguriT nanatri<br />

mova is didi droeba,<br />

rasac simReriT miuZRven<br />

eg mTeli sawuTroeba!"<br />

poeti mxatvrul warmosaxvaSi frTebs asxams sakuTar imedebs, mis<br />

qrolvas `hangiT Tana sdevs" da grZnobiT uerTdeba. am dros misTvis ar<br />

arsebobs sxva mosazreba, garda winsvlis aucileblobisa, xolo<br />

13

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savaraudo avbedobis SemTxvevaSi meomruli Tavganwirvis STamagonebelia<br />

Semdegi striqonebi:<br />

`gzidan ar gadavuxvioT,<br />

Tundac Cagvitydes borani,<br />

de, qariSxali Rmuodes,<br />

de, mogvCxaodes yorani,<br />

aRTqmul bilikiT, aRTqmul gziT<br />

gadaviaroT mTa­bari,<br />

ainTos, unda ainTos<br />

didi momavlis lampari!"<br />

SeiZleba, aRniSnuli leqsis avtoris adamianuri bunebidan<br />

gamomdinare, warmoudgenelic ki iyos is simZafre da mkveTri azrobrivi<br />

radikalizmi, rac am strofebSi ikiTxeba, magram swored es striqonebi<br />

gvagrZnobinebs garegnuli simSvidis miRma Tu rogori mgznebare guli<br />

anTia poetisa. roca sityva da saqme samSoblos, misi ukeTesi momavlis<br />

sakiTxs exeba, maSin s. faSaliSvilis mSvidi buneba erTbaSad icvleba.<br />

calke aRniSvnis Rirsia leqsi `maS gamarjoba, tkbilo sicocxlev"..<br />

1964 wels gamocemuli s. faSaliSvilis leqsebis krebuli am leqsiT<br />

ixsneba. mas avtoris yvelaze faseul poetur qmnilebaTa Sorisac ki<br />

mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs. leqsi daTariRebulia 1911 wliT. (xSirad<br />

avtoriseuli daTariRebani sakuTari leqsebisa, garkveul mizezTa gamo,<br />

anaqronistulia, yoveli SemTxvevisaTvis, es leqsi mas vaJa-fSavelas<br />

sicocxleSi dauweria). rogorc viciT, 1905­1907 wlebis revoluciis<br />

Semdgomi reaqciis periodSi, mwerlobaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki poeziaSi,<br />

farTo asparezi mieca sasowarkveTilebasa da uimedobas. aseT pirobebSi<br />

gaisma siko faSaliSvilis optimisturi sisavsiT gamorCeuli xma:<br />

`maS, gamarjoba, tkbilo sicocxlev,<br />

iyavi Cemgan Sen ganuyreli, ­<br />

sanam sakuTar TvaliT ar vnaxoT<br />

Cven Zmobis droSa Zirs dauxreli".<br />

am leqsiT poetma im drois sirTuleebs daupirispira imedi da<br />

sicocxlis siyvaruli. irgvliv arsebuli `cremli da naRveli Savi"<br />

poets ver daakvnesebs _ vai, rad gavCndio; ver aTqmevinebs sicocxlis<br />

14

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samduravs, piriqiT: `maS gamarjoba tkbilo sicocxlev", - SeuZaxebs igi<br />

vaJkacuri toniT. `es leqsi erTgvar sadarbazo Sesasvlelad meCveneba<br />

poetis Tavisebur da saintereso poeziaSi. axalgazrda poetma SemarTebiT<br />

umRera sicocxlis naTels" (66, 9), _ ityvis mwerali T. jangulaSvili<br />

aRniSnuli leqsis daweridan ramdenime aTwleulis Semdeg.<br />

TviT avtorsac, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, gansakTrebuli<br />

damokidebuleba hqonda am leqsisadmi. prof. T. barbaqaZis TqmiT,<br />

`...leqsis saTaurad gatanili striqonis siaxle da moqniloba arc<br />

TviTon avtors eeWveboda, magram ufro Seuyvarda mas Semdeg, rac<br />

vaJa­fSavelam moiwona" (3, 12).<br />

s. faSaliSvili Tavisi memuarebis wignSi `dauviwyari Sexvedrebi" am<br />

faqtis Sesaxebac mogviTxrobs: 1912 wlis Semodgomaze TbilisSi,<br />

restoran `anagaSi", erTad Sekrebilan vaJa­fSavela, Sio mRvimeli, niko<br />

sulxaniSvili, niko kurdRelaSvili, am mogonebis avtori da sxvebi.<br />

kargi lxini gaumarTavT. qeifisas erT­erT momRerals, vinme Savtrifonas,<br />

siko faSaliSvilis leqsebze gawyobili oriode melodia daumRerebia. am<br />

leqsTagan `maS gamarjoba~ jer kidev daubeWdavi yofila da amdenad<br />

mkiTxveli sazogadoeba mas ar icnobda (avtoris TqmiT, `saxalxo<br />

gazeTis" redaqcias cenzuris SiSiT uTqvams uari mis dabeWdvaze). amis<br />

Semdeg leqsi avtors SavtrifonasTvis gadaucia, am ukanasknels melodia<br />

Seuwyvia da mReroda qeifis dros megobarTa wreSi. restoran `anagaSi"<br />

Sesrulebul `maS gamarjobas" didi STabeWdileba mouxdenia vaJaze:<br />

` _ ai, eg sxva WaSnikisaa, magaze yoCaR, Cven xalisi gvinda, xalisi.<br />

Cvens xalxs, Cvens qveyanas xalisi unda SevayvaroT, momavlis imedi unda<br />

CavunergoT, ­ maS gamarjoba tkbilo sicocxlev! _ baraqala, biWo! _<br />

kikuS (niko sulxaniSvils eZaxdnen ase _ T. g.), es saSenoa!"<br />

niWierma kompozitorma Turme aRtacebiT upasuxa: swored saTqmeli<br />

wamarTvi: mec eg azri damebada. mag sityvaze unda daiweros<br />

sicocxlisadmi misalmeba, mevalos Sengan!<br />

_gevalos!" (43, 96).<br />

SemdegSi, vaJas am SegonebiT, n. sulxaniSvilma marTlac dawera<br />

musikaluri sagundo Sedevri `maS gamarjoba". amdenad s. faSaliSvilis<br />

sityvis eSxi musikaSic aJRerda. i. javaxiSvilis (kulturis<br />

15

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damsaxurebuli muSaki) azriT am ZarRvianma striqonebma STaagona niko<br />

sulxaniSvils Seeqmna ukvdavi simRera, xolo `grigol kokelaZem misi<br />

qmnileba aaJRera musikalur nawarmoebSi `samSoblosaTvis", v.<br />

cagareiSvilma _ `saieriSoSi", revaz laRiZem `mTa didebulSi", a.<br />

farcxalaZem romansSi `Casula mze" (64).<br />

leqsma imTaviTve popularoba moixveWa qarTuli poeziis did<br />

kalmosanTa Sorisac.<br />

tician tabiZis 1928 wels dawerili cnobili leqsi `maS gamarjveba"<br />

s. faSaliSvilis aRniSnuli leqsis gamoZaxilia. `Tu Cemi Zma xar, erTic<br />

mimRere" - ambobs ticiani. misi es striqoni cxadyofs, rom poeti<br />

moxiblulia s. faSaliSvilis leqsze Seqmnili simReriT. prof. T.<br />

barbaqaZis azriT ticiani s. faSaliSvilis striqonebis citirebas axdens<br />

Tavis leqsSi. `citatis formiT mowodebuli es sityvebi migvaniSnebs,<br />

rom tician tabiZe gulisxmobs sxvisi leqsidan mowonebuli<br />

amonaridisadmi Tanxmobas, masTan Tanaziarobas. tician tabiZem<br />

simReradqceuli leqsis ori striqoni airCia citatisaTvis, mTlianad<br />

siko faSaliSvilis leqsis suliskveTeba ki, bunebrivia, gansxvavebulia<br />

ticianis Sedevrisagan" (3, 12). advili misaxvedria, rom `maS gamarjobas"<br />

t. tabiZe ar ityoda. aseTi gamoTqmis tonaloba aRmosavlur-qarTulia,<br />

swored misTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.<br />

aRniSnuli leqsis mixedviT, s. faSaliSvils Tavisi qveynis momavali<br />

gamarjvebebis udidesi rwmena asuldgmulebs. sicocxles igi mouxmobs<br />

TavisTan ganuyrelad manam, sanam Svilebsa da SviliSvilebs ar<br />

gadascems Rirsaxsovar simReras golgoTaze wamebis jvris damxobis<br />

Sesaxeb. amis Semdeg ki<br />

ambobsigi.<br />

`...Tund damTmo, aRar vinaRvli,<br />

Tu movixade kacuri vali, -<br />

maS, gamarjoba axal qveyanas,<br />

iyos dRegrZeli STamomavali!" _<br />

poeti xSirad axsenebs glovas, cremlebs, godebas... Tumca cdilobs,<br />

ganeridos maT. igi ar iZireba am cremlebSi. cremli da glova<br />

Tanamdevad mis arc erT leqss ar axlavs. brZolis Jini da glovisgan<br />

16

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gaTavisufleba warmoadgens misi poeturi miswrafebis umTavres mizans.<br />

leqsSi `Semodgomis cav" mxatvrul aspeqtSia warmodgenili poetis<br />

sulis mRelvareba, misi sulieri rwmenis eqo:<br />

`ax Semodgomis daRvremilo cav,<br />

ra warbSekruli dahyureb mTa­bars,<br />

mTa­bars, romelic sevdas moucavs,<br />

afareb kalTas glovisas, sazars, ­<br />

da stiri mwared, Seni cremlebi<br />

Seuwyveteli da sevdiani,<br />

cviva da cviva, rogorc mtevnebi<br />

margalitis da brolis xmiani!"<br />

poeti aRiarebs, rom `cxovrebis naRvelTan erTad" uimedoba, kaeSani<br />

da `eg mZime sevda" masSic gadadis da uvsebs guls. Tumca, mainc ar<br />

emorCileba wuTisoflis ulmoblobas da ambobs:<br />

`magram ar davRvri SensaviT cremlebs,<br />

bnel Semodgomis daRvremilo cav."<br />

mebrZoli ideis matarebelia leqsi `axali rwmena" (1916 w.). ratomRac<br />

avtorma mas aseTi saTauri daarqva, Tumca igive SemarTeba Cans manamde<br />

dawerili leqsebis umravlesobaSi. leqsi, rogorc amas saTauris qveS<br />

avtoris minaweri gvamcnobs, dawerilia saaxalwlod da amdenad,<br />

saTauric simbolurad aqvs SerCeuli. poeti axali wlidan, Tavisi<br />

warmodgeniT, axali rwmeniT icxovrebs, amitomac eTxoveba Zvel<br />

sagodebelsa da Zvel cremlebs:<br />

`bedis trialis cremlebis davTars<br />

kvlav amovxie erTi furceli,<br />

davmarxe igi da masTan erTad,<br />

davmarxe sevdac, zRvasaviT vrceli".<br />

Zveli cxovreba veRar asuldgmulebs, veRar asazrdoebs poetis<br />

mSfoTvare suls. amitom eZaxis igi `axal gariJraJs", radganac dRemde<br />

misi suli `SxamiT ikvebeboda", amieridan ki `axal RmerTs" moelis, poeti<br />

eswrafvis cxovrebis axal gzas, axal rwmenas da axal samlocvelos:<br />

`dae, golgoTa eris tanjvisa<br />

sisxliT da cremliT Camoilekos,<br />

17

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da axal rwmenis samlocveloze<br />

axali zari Camoirekos!.."<br />

s. faSaliSvili arsebuli viTarebiT gamowveul glovasa da<br />

cremlebs erTgvar mastimulirebel Zaladac ki miiCnevs. mas sjera, rom<br />

arsebuli viTarebiT SeZrwunebuli adamianebi azvirTdebian da brZolis<br />

zars daaquxeben, uimedobisa da usasoobis samgloviaro fardebs<br />

Camoxsnian da imedian hangTa JReriT gamoaRviZeben samyaros. am mxriv<br />

gamoirCeva leqsi `xalxis cremlebo!"<br />

`xalxis cremlebo, xalxis cremlebo!<br />

oh, ra mwvavea Tqveni saxeli,<br />

ganwirulebis, usasoobis<br />

da urva­glovis gamomsaxveli..."<br />

Savi, bneli Rame malavs xalxis cremlebs Tavis burusSi. maRla cac<br />

`ki brma aris" da ver xedavs cremlebs, dabla miwa civia, `ver swvdeba<br />

mis guls, da Tqveni risxva ver uerTdeba SurisZiebis sazRvramde<br />

misuls". mTlianad leqsis Sinagani xma raRac axali gancdisTvis<br />

gvamzadebs. leqsis bolos gamJRavnebulia poetis yoveldRiuri ocneba,<br />

igi araorazrovnad svams kiTxvas:<br />

`xalxis cremlebo, mwuxare grZnobis<br />

droSad gagSaleT, agwieT zeviT,<br />

magram am qveynad usamarTlobis<br />

warRvnad rodisRa gadaiqceviT?"<br />

leqsi `xalxis cremlebo!" daweris Tanave gamoqveynda presaSi.<br />

`saxalxo gazeTis" damatebis, 1913 wlis 27 ianvris gamoSveba, swored am<br />

leqsiT ixsneba. gazeTis pirveli gverdi warmodgenilia fumanis<br />

didebuli mxatvrobiT `fsixea", romelsac erTvis s. faSaliSvilis leqsi.<br />

fumanis `fsixea" da `xalxis cremlebo" funjiTa da kalmiT<br />

urTierTSerwymul sinamdviles warmoadgens da mTlianobaSi metad<br />

STambeWdav, gauxmovanebel Teatralur uverturas qmnis. orive erTad<br />

kidev ufro STamagonebeli ZaliT gvarwmunebs arsebuli droebis<br />

ukuRmarTobaSi.<br />

siko faSaliSvili mSromeli sazogadoebis wiaRidan gamosuli<br />

pirovneba gaxldaT da axlos icnobda mis xasiaTs. man mZime fizikur<br />

18

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SromaSi gaatara bavSvobis wlebi, poeziis madlsac Tavis xalxSi eziara.<br />

mSobliuri mxaris uzomo siyvaruli ikiTxeba mravalricxovan<br />

mimowerebSi qiziyelebTan - siRnaRisa da mSobliuri maCxaaniis<br />

mkvidrebTan. sicocxlis ukanasknel dReebSic ki poets mSobeli mxaris<br />

siyvaruli asuldgmulebda, sulierad kvlav iq iyo. igi xom yvelas Wiris<br />

da lxinis Tanamoziare gaxldaT. ara marto qiziyelebs, mTeli kaxeTis<br />

mxares eimedeboda da eamayeboda mudam maTze mzrunveli siko<br />

faSaliSvilis saxeli.<br />

poetis arqividan Tvali gadavavloT erT werils, romelic avtors<br />

Tavisi sicocxlis bolo wlebSi miuweria siRnaRis raionul gazeT<br />

`kolmeurnes" redaqciis pasuxismgebeli muSakisadmi: `Zvirfaso Zmao da<br />

megobaro valiko. nu gagakvirvebT es baraTi. kidev cocxali yofilao...<br />

ukve karga xania Cems SvilTan _ gizisTan var. yuradReba da keTili<br />

zrunva ar maklia misgan, magram mainc is ar aris, rasac `kargad yofna"<br />

hqvia... momdis Tqveni `kolmeurne" Tqveni yuradRebis wyalobiT... menatreba<br />

mTeli Tqveni redaqcia...<br />

Zalian mewyina da guli damwyvita dimitri gelaSvilis ubedurebam... .<br />

me, rasakvirvelia, ver Camovidodi, magram Cemma Svilma miambo, ra didi<br />

pativi uciaT dimitrisTvis. Cveni kuTxidan mTeli inteligencia<br />

daswrebia da gauziarebia misi mwuxareba. yoCaR, kaxelebo da qiziyelebo.<br />

ase unda viyoT erTmaneTis mxardamxar lxinSiac da WirSiac... axla, rac<br />

oTaxis `tyve~ gavxdi, ufro Zlieria CemSi Cemi kuTxis da xalxis naxvis<br />

survili..." (14, saqme 28650-12, f. 1-2). werilis bolos poeti sTxovs<br />

redaqcias, Seukribon gazeTis is nomrebi, romlebSic misi leqsebi da<br />

mogonebebia dabeWdili.<br />

miuxedavad sacxovreblad da samoRvaweod TbilisSi gadmosvlisa,<br />

siko faSaliSvili aqtiurad TanamSromlobda siRnaRSi gamomaval<br />

gazeTSi `xma kaxeTisa", erTi wuTiTac ar ufiqria zurgi eqcia misTvis,<br />

miuxedavad im Zalze arasasiamovno SemTxvevisa, rac 1914 wels siRnaRsa<br />

da maCxaanSi, sikos literaturul saRamoze didi akakis gamgzavrebisTvis<br />

xelis SeSlaSi gamoixata. maSin, ganawyenebulma sikom gazeTis redaqtors<br />

`vaWrebis ideologic" ki uwoda. amaze qvemoT gveqneba saubari.<br />

TbilisSi s. faSaliSvilis Camosvlis periodi im wlebs daemTxva,<br />

19

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oca literaturuli cxovreba boboqrobda amer­imerSi. es procesi<br />

TandaTanobiT met intensivobas iZenda da XX saukunis 10­iani wlebis II<br />

naxevarSi TiTqmis zenits miaRwia. `gaxSirda literaturuli dila­<br />

saRamoebis mowyoba... xSirad monawileobdnen Cveni mwerlobis Zveli<br />

Taobis warmomadgenlebi: akaki wereTeli, vaJa­fSavela, Sio mRvimeli,<br />

irodion evdoSvili da sergo kldiaSvili.<br />

literaturuli dila­saRamoebisa da leqciebis Catarebis moTave iyo<br />

qarTvel mweralTa axali Taobis erT­erTi warmomadgeneli siko<br />

faSaliSvili" (62, 65). aRsaniSnavs mkvlevari g. javaxiSvili. `xma<br />

kaxeTisaSi", (gamodioda 1912­1915 w.w.) s. faSaliSvilis Semoqmedeba<br />

sistematurad ibeWdeboda, magram, samwuxarod, am gazeTis srulyofili<br />

kompleqtebi arc erT muzeumsa da biblioTekaSi ar aris daculi.<br />

gadarCenilia mxolod mcire nawili da, amdenad, bevri ram iq dabeWdili<br />

masalebidan jerjerobiT CvenTvis miuwvdomelia.<br />

`sxvadasxva dros aq daibeWda leqsebi `sofels eZina", `simRera",<br />

`sisxlis laqa", `Sairi", `ori leqsi m. k-Zis asuls", `lodinSi" da sxva.<br />

`sofels eZina... kvlav sZinavs,<br />

suls xuTavs Savi sizmari, ­<br />

netav cas rodis mohqargavs<br />

is ganTiadis ciskari?!" _<br />

kiTxulobs poeti, romelic mTeli Tavisi sicocxlis manZilze<br />

samSoblos ganTiads eloda" (62, 65). ise, rogorc imdrois mravali<br />

qarTveli poetis da mamuliSvilis, s. faSaliSvilis sulieri SfoTvac<br />

yvelaze metad 1911­1916 wlebSi daweril leqsebSi igrZnoba. mis Tvalwin<br />

Caiara 1918­1921 wlebis damoukidebeli saqarTvelos mRelvare cxovrebis<br />

suraTebma. es wlebi iyo poetis sanukvari dro, Tumca misi leqsebidan<br />

gamomdinare, amaSi Znelad darwmundebi, rac gamowveulia imiT, rom<br />

samwlian damoukideblobas saSineli diqtatura mohyva, qveyana<br />

represiebma moicva da social­federalisti siko faSaliSvili (ufros<br />

ZmasTan - giga faSaliSvilTan erTad) iZulebuli iyo daefara Tavisi<br />

partiuloba ­ social­federalistoba, e. i. Tavis suls malavda. amave<br />

mizniT, mimarTavda anaqronizms leqsebis daTariRebaSi ise, rogorc im<br />

viTarebaSi aseTsave mdgomareobaSi myof SemoqmedTa zogierTi sxva<br />

20

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warmomadgenelic. es iyo drois Sesabamisi iZulebiTi lavireba. s.<br />

faSaliSvilis krebulebidan da erTtomeulidan TiTqmis mTlianad<br />

amoRebulia 1920-dan 1930 wlamde dawerili leqsebi da Tu mainc gvxvdeba<br />

TiTo­orola nimuSi, isic Secvlili TariRiT. amas gvidasturebs<br />

saubrebi gizi faSaliSvilis ojaxis wevrebTan da zogierTi kritikuli<br />

werili, romelic s. faSaliSvilis Semoqmedebas exeba. cnobili faqtia,<br />

rom s. faSaliSvilisTvis imTaviTve miuRebeli aRmoCnda 1921 weli da<br />

Semdegi drois svla...<br />

i. griSaSvilis Jurnal `leilas" meore nomerSi (1920w. ianvari)<br />

daibeWda s. faSaliSvilis vrceli leqsi `TovlSi". Zneli dasajerebelia,<br />

magram leqss aSkarad etyoba avtoris uimedo ganwyobileba. igi TiTqos<br />

grZnobs, rom samSoblos damoukidebloba droebiTia. gareSe Zalebi misi<br />

SenarCunebis saSualebas ar mogvcemen da isev wagvarTmeven Tavisuflebas.<br />

poeti gamosavals ver xedavs da SiSiT Sepyrobili winaswarmetyvelurad<br />

ambobs:<br />

`da iZvroda naTeli da Cems farTo fanjaras -<br />

awveboda sxivebi - xan rigrigad - xan jarad.<br />

da me naTlad vxedavdi gzebs, cisaken warmavals:<br />

caSi angelozebi imarTavdnen karnavals -<br />

da iq RmerTic mezmana ucnauris zmanebiT:<br />

man zecidan mesrola Savi xelTaTmanebi -<br />

SevkrTi, farda davuSvi da sul imas vfiqrobdi,<br />

Tu gulSi am gancdis cecxls romel zRviT daviqrobdi?..<br />

saxlSi SiSi damyarda, karSi qari atirda -<br />

da gavqvavdi buranSi rogorc kariatilda".<br />

poetis uimedo mdgomareoba obieqturi realobidan, im drois<br />

garTulebuli saxelmwifoTaSorisi urTierTobidan gamomdinareobs.<br />

ufro metic, poeti idumali SiSiT Sepyrobili Cans. s. faSaliSvils<br />

gaaCnda swori politikuri alRo, rac mopovebuli Tavisuflebis<br />

SenarCunebaSi eWvis safuZvels uqmnida - `Tovlis mayrebis mosvla dRes<br />

qars aRar sjeroda", an: `gzebi sul mTlad waSlila - TeTrad<br />

gadaburduli, - sad mivdivar? - Cems gulSi SiSi iZvris qurduli". poeti<br />

namdvilad grZnobda mosalodnel safrTxes da sul ufro uZlierdeboda<br />

21

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Tavisuflebis SenarCunebis eWvi:<br />

`da mivdivar martoka, viT SeSlili maestro,<br />

ax netavi am gzaze CemTvis arvis gaeswro.<br />

da es fiqri qars uswrebs, rogorc mali Surduli,<br />

sulSi ki Tovli modis da eWvi mCxvlets qurduli".<br />

safiqrebelia, mxolod s. faSaliSvili ar imyofeboda msgavsi eWvis<br />

qveS. SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos am leqsis gamoqveyneba 1920 wels. albaT,<br />

amave azrs iziarebda Jurnal `leilas" redaqciac, an TviT redaqtori i.<br />

griSaSvili, romelic, cxadia, leqsis dabeWdvas daeTanxma. zemomotanili<br />

leqsi aris winamorbedi amave saTauris (`TovlSi") mqone SedarebiT mcire<br />

zomis leqsisa, romelic 1919 wliTaa daTariRebuli. es ukanaskneli<br />

formiTa da Sinagani muxtiT axlos dgas ukve ganxilul leqsTan<br />

(oriode striqoni meordeba kidec). am ukanasknels aSkarad etyoba, rom<br />

saqarTvelos gasabWoebis Semdegaa dawerili, magram saqme gvaqvs daweris<br />

TariRis Segnebul gadaadgilebasTan. poeti mistiris samSoblos<br />

dakarguli Tavisuflebis wlebs. mas uZlierdeba usamSoblod yofnisa da<br />

martoobis grZnoba:<br />

`TiTqos, TeTrad mocinar, farvanebis gundebi<br />

mesevian da maTgan gzis gakvalvas vundebi,<br />

- hei, vin xar, xma gamec, me martoka ra minda, -<br />

me mzian cas veswrafvi, rad ar gaiaminda?"<br />

romel istoriul faqts SevusabamoT aq motanili striqonebi _<br />

oqtombris revoluciis Semdgom saqarTvelos damoukideblobis wlebs?<br />

siko faSaliSvili, 1918-21 wlebis Tanamedrove da umniSvnelovanesi<br />

istoriuli faqtebis monawile, yovelTvis meti sinaTlis da sikeTis<br />

momlodine Semoqmedi, saqarTvelos gasabWoebiT udavod imedgacruebuli<br />

darCa, Torem 1918 wlis 26 maisis Semdeg, social­federalisti da iseTi<br />

SemarTebis poeti, rogoric adreuli leqsebidanve moCans, igi 1919 wels<br />

arafriT ar ityoda Semdegs:<br />

`axla ki Tovs namqeri zecas dabla eweva<br />

da gafrenil imedebs Tvali veRar eweva,<br />

gzebi gadainamqra, cam ar gaiaminda,<br />

hei, vin xar, xma gamec, me aq marto ra minda,<br />

22

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me naTeli ca minda."<br />

leqsi, udavod avadcnobili 25 TebervliT dakarguli Tavisuflebis<br />

Semdegaa dawerili. warmoudgenelia, saqarTvelos damoukideblobaze<br />

fiqrSi naTeneb-naRameb poets 1919 wels eTqva zemoT moyvanili<br />

striqonebi.<br />

gaurkveveli rom naTeli gaxdes, yuradReba mivadevnoT Semdeg<br />

striqonebs:<br />

an kidev:<br />

`ra dRe iyo naTeli, ra ca iyo guSina,<br />

oqros WaRiT vidoda mTvare gareT Tu Sina."<br />

`da is didi naTeli, rekavda Cems fanjaras,<br />

gulze sxivebs mayrida, xan rig­rigad, xan jarad."<br />

iolad amosacnobia, rom ukanaskneli striqonebiT poeti namdvilad<br />

1918­21 wlebis Tavisuflebas mistiris, Torem, Tu `ra ca iyo guSina" an<br />

mTvare Tu ra `oqros WaRiT vidoda", kargad gadmosca 1917 wlamde<br />

daweril leqsebSi: `xalxis cremlebo", `muSur motivebze", `sofels<br />

eZina", `simRera", `Semodgomis cav"...<br />

aseve sainteresoa Jurnal `leilas" me-3 nomerSi (1924w. ianvari)<br />

gamoqveynebuli leqsi `mrwamsad", romelSic poeti isev<br />

winaswarmetyveluri alRoTi mouwodebs yvelas, cocxals da<br />

aracocxals, galaRdnen da gaixaron, sanam amis droa, sanam yvelaferi<br />

ubedurebaze ar Secvlila:<br />

`gaiSaleniT yvavilebo, iSrialeviT,<br />

maisma mzidan oqros TvaliT gadmoixeda, -<br />

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

sxivTa namqeriT iSrialeT, vidre gangebiT,<br />

susxi ar mova da qarviT ar daiJangebiT.<br />

SeiyvareviT Wabukebo, SeiyvareviT,<br />

daswviT bageni da amboriT Rame aTieT,<br />

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

SeiyvareviT - sanam mova dro muxanaTi,<br />

bedi jalaTi - vidre saxes daaCnevs Rarebs,<br />

nu daizarebs guli trfobas - vidre Ralati<br />

23

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daaWknobs grZnobas da mkvdar fiqrebs gaatans qarebs.<br />

imRereT mudam poetebo, grZnobiT imRereT,<br />

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

imRereT sanam grZnoba mosCqefs cecxlis aliviT<br />

da grigaliviT suls atokebT - mzis wamwamebiT -<br />

vidre ar dagcemT brbo naleSi da namTvralevi<br />

da qristesaviT grZnobis jvarze ar ewamebiT..."<br />

leqsi 1922 wliTaa daTariRebuli. Cans, rom poeti ukve xedavda<br />

revoluciuri Zmobis, erTobisa da Tavisuflebis niRbis SigniT arsebul<br />

sinamdviles da mosalodnel uaresobas.<br />

arsebuli drois uaryofiTi maxasiaTeblebidan gamomdinare, poets<br />

ver ganvsjiT imis gamo, rom zogierT leqss daweris TariRs ucvlida.<br />

(s. faSaliSvilis STamomavlebis gadmocemiT, rTuli Sinapolitikuri<br />

viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT poeti zogierT adrindel leqss daweris<br />

TariRs ucvlida. samwuxarod, oficialuri werilobiTi cnoba amis<br />

Sesaxeb ar moipoveba). mas erT dros arCeviT organoebSic umuSavia,<br />

swored 1918­21 wlebSi. aseT pirovnebaTagan (miT umetes SemoqmedTagan) ki<br />

Zalze cotas gaumarTla (gaumarTlebloba, umetes SemTxvevaSi,<br />

sicocxlis dasasruls niSnavda). am mxriv, siko faSaliSvili, marTlac,<br />

erT-erTi gamonaklisia. realuri viTarebidan gamomdinare es gamarTleba<br />

Tavad unda `daemsaxurebina". vfiqrobT, erT­erTi faqtori gadarCenisa,<br />

swored misi mokrZalebuli pirovnuloba gaxldaT. igi ar iyo boboqari,<br />

vinmes `TvalSi arasodes Cavardnia". 1951 wels Sevsebul mweralTa<br />

kavSiris wevris pirad baraTSi partiulobis Sesaxeb dasmul kiTxvaze<br />

igi pasuxobs: ­ `upartio", xolo Semdeg kiTxvebze - iyo Tu ara sxva<br />

partiebSi, romelSi, sad, ra droidan ra dromde, igi aseve uaryofiTad<br />

pasuxobs (14, saqme 22665, f. 1). xelisuflebis gavleniT, drois moTxovna<br />

gaxda sabWour Targze wera. amitom `zeimi leninis moedanze"<br />

sapirvelmaiso marSisa da komunisturi gamarjvebebis simReraa, xolo _<br />

`Sens ukvdav saxels" poets stalinis gardacvalebasTan dakavSirebiT<br />

dauweria. amgvari svlebi im epoqis mravali SemoqmedisTvis gaxda<br />

damaxasiaTebeli da zogierTebs poetur da SemoqmedebiT kredodac ki<br />

Camouyalibda. es iyo Sedegi arsebuli reJimis mier zemoxsenebuli<br />

24

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`mwerlobis moTvinierebisa", erTi mxriv, xolo, meore mxriv, sakuTari<br />

Tavis gadarCenisaTvis gamosavlis Ziebisa.<br />

siko faSaliSvilis Taobis Tvalwin daemxo ruseTis carizmi,<br />

romelsac win uZRoda udidesi sazogadoebriv­ politikuri movlenebi.<br />

poeti ar yofila am saqveyno Zvrebis pasiuri moTvalTvale, magram misi<br />

SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebisaTvis WeSmariti STagonebis wyaro, zogierTi<br />

misi Tanamedrovis msgavsad, oqtombris revolucia ki ar gamxdara, aramed<br />

Tavisi xalxisa da qveynis awmyo da momavali. amaze kargad metyvelebs<br />

zemoT (Tavi me-2), a. mirianaSvilis erTi werilidan motanili sityvebi,<br />

romlis mixedviTac misi gadmosvla sabWoTa poziciebze ar momxdara<br />

umtkivneulod da yovelgvari daeWvebis gareSe... mas Tavidan erTgvari<br />

`TavSekavebulobac" gamouCenia. ufro dazustebiTa da dawvrilebiT Tqmas,<br />

garkveuli mosazrebiT am citatis avtoric aridebs Tavs. amdenis Tqmac<br />

1987 wels gaxda SesaZlebeli, ufro adre gamoqveynebul werilebSi<br />

miTiTebuli citatis avtori azrs am mimarTulebiT ver aviTarebs.<br />

unda iTqvas, rom siko faSaliSvilma gasuli saukunis 20-iani wlebis<br />

gariJraJze warmoqmnil sirTuleebs mainc gaarTva Tavi da drois<br />

avadmyofobas ar Seupyria. maSin erTmaneTSi airia sxvadasxvagvari<br />

literaturuli jgufebi da mimdinareobani. rTuli iyo sworad<br />

orientireba, Tumca verc imaT vusayvedurebT, vinc emigraciaSi wavida<br />

1921 wels da mis Semdeg. aq darCenilebis mimarT xom saxelisuflebo<br />

risxva da axali reaqciis cecxli datrialda, romelic Tavisufali<br />

azris yovelgvar gamovlinebas adgilzeve spobda. es procesi aTeuli<br />

wlebis manZilze grZeldeboda. s. faSaliSvilis mier 1951 w. Sevsebul<br />

zemoxsenebul samsaxurebriv baraTSi mTlianad miCqmalulia misi<br />

politikuri mrwamsis damadasturebeli cnobebi. igi Tavs acxadebs<br />

upartiod, Tumca socialist­federalistTa partiis Semdeg arasodes<br />

ucdia saxelisuflebo erTpartiul sistemaSi gawevrianeba. amis gareSe<br />

ki literaturul karieraze da samomavlo perspeqtivaze fiqri uSedego<br />

iyo. miuxedavad amisa, s. faSaliSvili arasodes mitmasnia samTavrobo<br />

instanciebs, ar gamxdara maTi damqaSi. rTuli dro idga. SeuZlebeli iyo<br />

sakuTari principebiT cxovreba, miT ufro SemoqmedisaTvis. `mwerlobis<br />

moTviniereba" axali reJimis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgenda. aseT dros<br />

25

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SemoqmedebiTi WeSmariteba SesaZlebel ganviTarebas veRar aRwevs,.<br />

poeturi gulisTqma alegoriul garsSi _ ase SeiZleba gamovxatoT<br />

namdvil kalmosanTa Semoqmedebis umetesi nawilis saxe.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis leqsebis krebuli saxelwodebiT `Cangi" 1917 wels<br />

gamoica (literaturul gamokvlevebSi zogan dasaxelebulia 1913 weli,<br />

zoganac 1914, magram s. faSaliSvili TviTon asaxelebs pirveli wignis<br />

gamocemis TariRad 1917 wels, samwuxarod, dasaxelebuli krebuli<br />

jerjerobiT CvenTvis miuwvdomelia). mivuTiTeT, rom Tavdapirvelad<br />

qarTvelma mkiTxvelma sazogadoebam igi lirikos poetad gaicno. magram<br />

s. faSaliSvilis Semoqmedeba marto lirikiT ar amoiwureba. man<br />

intensiurad mihyo xeli dramatul nawarmoebTa Seqmnas da<br />

mTargmnelobiT muSaobas.<br />

1959 wels `sabWoTa saqarTvelom" gamosca s. faSaliSvilis leqsebis<br />

erTtomeuli. sul bolos, 1964 wels, kidev gamoica s. faSaliSvilis<br />

leqsebis krebuli. garda amisa, rogorc TviTon poeti aRniSnavs, misi<br />

aseulobiT leqsia dabeWdili sxvadasxva periodul gamocemaSi.<br />

zemoaRniSnul gamocemaTagan s. faSaliSvilis erTtomeuli,<br />

bunebrivia, yvelaze srulyofili da mravlismomcvelia. masSi Setanilia<br />

1959 wlamde daweril poetur qmnilebaTa ZiriTadi nawili.<br />

aRniSnuli erTtomeuli Sedgeba leqsebis Svidi monakveTisagan.<br />

xolo wignis bolo, merve monakveTi warmoadgens s. faSaliSvilis rCeul<br />

Targmanebs.<br />

erTtomeulis pirvel monakveTSi warmodgenilia avtoris<br />

patriotuli lirika, Tumca samSoblos siyvarulis gancda mTel mis<br />

Semoqmedebas gasdevs mTavar xazad.<br />

wignis am nawilis saTauri `mamulo sayvarelo" motanilia didi<br />

ilias cnobili leqsidan `gazafxuli". igulisxmeba am leqsis meore<br />

striqonic, magram orives erTad moxmoba SeuZlebeli iyo im periodis<br />

garemoebaTa mizeziT, miT ufro, rom aRniSnul monakveTSi Setanili<br />

leqsebis umravlesoba sabWoTa epoqaSia dawerili.<br />

erTtomeuli iwyeba leqsiT `gasaubreba sakuTar TavTan". leqsi,<br />

zogadad, poetis daniSnulebis gaxsnis cdas warmoadgens.<br />

`iyav poeti, bednierebad<br />

26

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migaCndes Suqi Cauqrobeli,<br />

rac gzas unaTebs qveynierebas,<br />

rasac aginTebs mxare mSobeli!"<br />

cxovrebis mkacr marwuxebgamovlil poets ver Zlevs boroteba, Suri<br />

da mtroba. igi, rogorc poeti, aseve pirovnebac, gulmarTali da suliT<br />

mdidari darCa mTeli Tavisi cxovrebis manZilze. s. faSaliSvilis TqmiT<br />

poetis daniSnuleba Semdegia:<br />

`iyav poeti suliT alali,<br />

sityvas gimkobdes kacuri madli".<br />

a. mirianaSvilis TqmiT, `igive sityvebi warmoadgens misi, rogorc<br />

poetisa da moqalaqis mTavar SemoqmedebiT devizs" (21, 140).<br />

`iyav poeti _ sxivmadliani,<br />

mzis umaRlesi Suqis mcnobeli, _<br />

da guli gqondes mudam mTliani,<br />

mudam naTeli, Cauqrobeli".<br />

aseTi mowodebis simaRleze asvla ki Zalze rTulia da amitom<br />

miaCnia, rom damSvidebisa da dasvenebis ufleba ara aqvs. igi miRweuliT<br />

ar kmayofildeba. amaze metyvelebs mTeli misi cxovrebis praqtikuli gza<br />

da Semoqmedebis mizandasaxuloba. s. faSaliSvilis leqsebi gamoirCeva<br />

ideuri mizanmimarTulobiT. yoveli misi leqsi TavisTavadi siZlieriT<br />

xasiaTdeba. `faSaliSvili qarTuli leqsis ostatTa Soris yuradRebas<br />

imsaxurebs ideuri siRrmiTa da siwmindiT, gamomsaxvelobiTi<br />

saSualebebis simdidriT, poeturi uSualobiT, gancdis siZlieriT" (4).<br />

qarTul mwerlobaSi mSromeli sazogadoebis wiaRidan Semosvlam<br />

didad gansazRvra s. faSaliSvilis Semoqmedebis ZiriTadi tendencia.<br />

mamuli, xalxi, misi lxini da sevda Tavidanve poetis leqsebis mTavari<br />

Tema gaxda. is, rac mis sulier aRmafrenas iwvevs, aris samSoblo,<br />

mSobeli xalxis mSvidoba da samomavlo imedi. bavSvobidanve eklian<br />

gzagamovlili poeti SemoqmedebiTi gzis simSvideze ocnebobs:<br />

Cemi survili pataraa, Zlier patara:<br />

msurs, rom im eklebs, rac cxovrebam gamomatara _<br />

erTxel vardis Stoc gaerios sxivdanacemi<br />

da mTeli sxiviT acimcimedes varskvlavi Cemi!<br />

27

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minda, rom sulma qveyanaze mSvidoba hpovos, ­<br />

amaze mcire kacma zecas ra unda sTxovos?!"<br />

es poetis sanukvari survilia, leqssac ase hqvia _ `Cemi survili", is<br />

qveynis mSvidobas sTxovs zeciers, rom amiT misi varskvlavic acimcimdes,<br />

mzad aris sakuTari sicocxlec, es `bunebis patara ZRveni", sanTlad<br />

daiwvas qveynis sakeTildReod. aseTi swrafva poetis yvelaze mcire<br />

saTxovaria zecierisadmi.<br />

siko metad mgrZnobiare pirovneba yofila. mSobliuri kuTxe,<br />

romelzec fiqri mas Tavs arasodes anebebda, bavSvobaSive saficarad<br />

hqonia. aqedan SeigrZno man saqarTvelos sidiade da mniSvneloba.<br />

`gamarjoba maCxaano" _ am leqsidan mkiTxveli poetis gulis simxurvales<br />

Zalze axlos grZnobs. maCxaani is sofelia, romelic mas `tkbili<br />

siymawvilis" dReebs gaaxsenebs, roca jer kidev mSobeli dedis<br />

mzrunvelobiT izrdeboda. amitomacaa maCxaani poetis saficari:<br />

`Seni ca da Seni miwa<br />

mudam damificnia,<br />

Sens RimilSi, Sens alersSi<br />

dedis guli micvnia".<br />

xom mZime iyo poetis bavSvoba ­ welgaumarTavi Sroma, mexreoba,<br />

mwyemsoba, mojamagireoba, magram ukve Soridan esec mimzidvelad eCveneba.<br />

udides siyvaruls ganacdevinebs maCxaanis miwa, romelTanac ganuyrel<br />

urTierTobaze migvaniSnebs Semdegi strofi:<br />

`Sens tkbil miwas Caeferflos<br />

Cemi gulis ficari,<br />

Sen iyavi, Sen iqnebi<br />

Cemi dasaficari".<br />

s. faSaliSvili mainc gamxdara iZulebuli leqsisaTvis `Cemi<br />

maCxaani~ aseTi sityvebi waemZRvarebina: `maCxaani Cemi aRmzrdeli<br />

sofelia. masze bevri leqsi maqvs dawerili, magram zogjer mainc<br />

gamigonia samduravi, TiTqos viviwyebde mSobliur sofels" (46). TviT<br />

leqss biografiuli elferi dahkravs. igi gulanTebuli laparakobs<br />

mSobliur garemoze, pirvelad xom iq dairwa misi akvani, `sadac<br />

sicocxle leqsebiT viwye da xalxis azrebs veci Tayvani". aq xom misi<br />

28

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avSvobis nafexurebia, an `vin ar Sehxaris masa adgils, sad agvexilnes<br />

pirvel Tvalni~ da poetis guli xom grZnoba­gancdaTa ulevi salaroa,<br />

romelic swored bavSvobis emociaTa uxvi saganZuridan krebs mxatvrul<br />

saxeebs da Tavisive gancdil­warmosaxulis xatovnebiT Cvens sulsac<br />

Zravs, CvenSic aRviZebs balRobis mSvenier mogonebebs.<br />

mSobeli mxare, Tavisi xalxi, siRnaRi, alazani - TiToeuli is<br />

maradiuli Temaa, romelTac poetma TvalsaCino adgili miuCina Tavis<br />

mxatvrul warmosaxvaSi.<br />

rogorc maCxaani da dedis guli, aseve sakuTari patara saxlis da<br />

mSobeli dedis siyvaruli erTmaneTSia gadawnuli. saxlis gaxseneba<br />

maSinve dedis saxebasTan asocirdeba da piriqiT. poeti orives erTad<br />

eTayvaneba da uZRvnis vrcel leqss `sofelSi dedaCemTan". avtori<br />

siyvaruliT moixseniebs Tavis patara saxls da ezoSi dargul vazis<br />

lerwebs. iqve deda sirbiliT daRlil SviliSvils efereba da ise<br />

arigebs, rogorc Tavis droze Svils arigebda:<br />

`iyavi Svilo, mudam marTali,<br />

amaze meti sxva ra ginatro, ­<br />

sixarbem, Surma ar mogWras Tvali,<br />

romel cis qveSac daibinadro,<br />

kacuri tanjva gerCios, vidre,<br />

arakacuri bedniereba, ­<br />

warmavalia yvela simdidre,<br />

avs ar SegarCens qveyniereba!"<br />

dedis darigeba yovelTvis sikeTiTa da siyvaruliTaa gamTbari.<br />

mSobels ar aviwydeba, Svils Caagonos xalxis, qveynis siyvaruli, rom<br />

momxdurs vaJkacurad dauxvdes da `gaupos gulis ficari", mtris Subs<br />

zurgi ar uCvenos.<br />

leqsis meore nawilidan cnobili xdeba, rom poets arasodes<br />

daviwyebia dedis darigebani wuTisoflis did gzaze. leqsi swored maSin<br />

daiwera, roca avtori eqvs aTeul wels iyo mitanebuli. igi ambobs:<br />

`gadmomivlia wuTisofeli,<br />

magram im wuTebs kvlav Tan vatareb,<br />

roca mjeroda, rom RvTismSobeli<br />

29

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ase moZRvravda xolme patarebs".<br />

dedis darigebebi Svilis mimarT ucvlelia. sabolood deda<br />

kmayofilia da Svils eubneba:<br />

`Tu bedma cremli garguna wilad<br />

gza xom mainc gaqvs dauzraxveli,<br />

da mixarian, rom giZRvis wina<br />

alalmarTali kacis saxeli".<br />

rodesac s. faSaliSvilis leqsebs ecnobi, zogjer fiqrob, rom aq<br />

mxolod empiriuli faqtebi, dakvirveba da gamocdilebaa gadmocemuli<br />

leqsis formiT, magram swored es cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba da<br />

goniereba, leqsis striqonebSi moqceuli, aranakleb mniSvnelovani da<br />

saWiroa, vidre saukeTeso mxatvruli saxeebiT Semkuli uazroba.<br />

alamarTal kacad gazrdilma da Camoyalibebulma icxovra da iRvawa s.<br />

faSaliSvilma amqveynad rogorc leqsiT, ise qveynis momavalze zrunviT<br />

da TanamemamuleTagan guliTadi siyvarulic moimko.<br />

poetis survili yofila Tavisi mxare da xalxi, is adgilebi,<br />

romelic mas udides sixaruls ganacdevinebda, maT Soris, mdinare<br />

alazani da misi mSvenierebiT ganTqmuli veli ara marto saleqso<br />

strofebSi edidebina, aramed prozaulad gamxatvrulebulic warmoeCina<br />

mkiTxveli sazogadoebis Tvalwin. fiqrad hqonia, Tu janmrTeloba ar<br />

uRalatebda, daewera moTxroba mdinare alazanze. saTauric SerCeuli<br />

hqonia - `deda alazani".<br />

alaznis veli swored dideba da mSvenierebaa kaxeTis. leqsi<br />

`sadidebeli kaxeTisa" marTlac aqauri Tvalwarmtaci bunebisadmi<br />

miZRvnil himns warmoadgens:<br />

`vin Seamkobs alaznis vels<br />

leqsiT da simRerebiT,<br />

is xom mxatvar bunebis xels<br />

mouqargavs ferebiT".<br />

leqsis saTauris qveS Segnebuladaa es minaweri _ `alaznis veli<br />

siRnaRis gadasaxedidan". poets aRmafrena eufleba am mSvenierebis<br />

xilvisas:<br />

`siamayis grZnoba wrfeli<br />

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manTebs da mixaria,<br />

rom kaxeTi sanatreli<br />

Cemi tkbili mxarea".<br />

Tavis mxriv, qiziyi da maCxaani yovelTvis siTboTi moeloda<br />

sakuTar Svils mSobliur kuTxeSi. siko faSaliSvilis arc erT iubiles<br />

kaxeTSi aRniSvnis gareSe ar Cauvlia. garda amisa, arc erTi<br />

Rirssaxsovari dRe ar Catardeboda mSobliur mxareSi, rom TavianTi<br />

saamayo poeti ar miewviaT. kaxeTSi misi yoveli Casvla niSnavda<br />

Tavyrilobebsa da xalxmraval Sexvedrebs, rasac siko TavmdablobiT<br />

erideboda. mravali literaturuli saRamo mouwyviaT misTvis kaxelebs,<br />

miuwveviaT megobrebiTurT. 1966 wels maCxaanSi gamarTul s.<br />

faSaliSvilis iubiles eswrebodnen da sityvebi warmoTqves k.<br />

gamsaxurdiam da s. yauxCiSvilma. moxsenebiT gamovida prof. s. xuciSvili.<br />

megobarTa wre rom metad farTo hyavda, amaSi saqarTvelos mweralTa<br />

kavSirSi mowyobili misi literaturuli saRamoc gvarwmunebs: `klubSi<br />

teva ar iyo. vis ar naxavdiT aq. sxvadasxva asakisa da sxvadasxva<br />

profesiis adamianebs, yvela erTad ki misi niWis motrfiale iyo. Tavs<br />

evlebodnen adamians, romelmac mravali weli gaatara vaJas, akakis,<br />

ovanes Tumanianis, ioseb griSaSvilis gverdiT. maTi Wirisa da sixarulis<br />

ziari iyo" (2). poetsac mudam enatreboda nacnobi midamoebi, qiziyis<br />

mindor-velebi. maTgan grZnobda bavSvobisdroindel yofas _ siTbosa da<br />

siyvaruls, rasac arasdros araferze gacvlida:<br />

`Cemo nacnobo tyeebo,<br />

sairme saxoxbeebo,<br />

yrmobis mzesaviT Casulo,<br />

gasulo oqros dReebo.<br />

funjiT naxato velebo,<br />

verxvebo, sakocnelebo,<br />

tkbilSairebis mTqmelebo,<br />

Tqve mudam sanatrelebo..."<br />

garda Sinagani Tbili grZnobisa, leqsi gamoirCeva mxatvruli<br />

mSvenierebiTac. mas alamazebs riTmis sinaze da ritmuli musikaloba.<br />

SesaniSnavi leqsebi uZRvna s. faSaliSvilma saqarTvelos warsulis<br />

31

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furclebs, marad ukvdav istoriul faqtebs. poeti mkiTxvelis Tvalwin<br />

warmoaCens mamulisaTvis daRupul im gmirTa galereas, romelTac<br />

swored sicocxlis fasad samSoblo qveynisadmi TavdadebiT moipoves<br />

ukvdaveba. poetisTvis STagonebis wyaros warmoadgens gardasul dReTa<br />

gaxseneba. es mravlismTqmeli epizodebi aRebinebs kalams xelSi da eweva<br />

ara mSrali istoriuli faqtebis gadamRerebas, aramed axdens am faqtebis<br />

poetur-mxatvruli ganzogadebis simaRlemde ayvanas, igi TiToeul<br />

epizods mudam Tanamedroveobis poziciidan uyurebs. warsulisa da<br />

awmyos aseTi organuli gaazrebis nimuSs warmoadgens leqsebis rkali<br />

`patara kaxis gaxseneba kavkasionTan", `krwanisis saRamoebi", `erekles<br />

galavani TelavSi", `ocneba serafitaze", `Tamar". am leqsebiT avtorma<br />

kidev erTxel gaixsena gardasul saukuneTa qarTuli saxelmwifos diadi<br />

moamageni. kidev erTxel pativi miago brZolebSi daRupul mebrZolTa<br />

saxelebs. igi gulistkiviliT ganicdis, rom TviTonac ar iyo<br />

`an mesamase aragveli da<br />

anu mecxre Zma xerxeuliZe,<br />

ar dameyara mkerdze is miwa,<br />

rac me orasi wlis winaT vican!.."<br />

`krwanisis saRamoebi" dawerilia 1945 wels, faSizmze gamarjvebisas,<br />

amitom gasagebia aseTi paTosi:<br />

`mamuls vicavdeT!" - es xma gmiruli,<br />

am midamoebs aRviZebs dResac, ­<br />

ar ganwirula, Tavganwiruli<br />

suliskveTeba vinc xalxSi Tesa!"<br />

erTgvar sisusted unda CaiTvalos am leqsis azrobriv-<br />

struqturuli aRnagoba. avtors Rrma lirikuli grZnobierebiT aqvs<br />

gadmocemuli krwanisis gaxseneba ise, rogorc mTlianad misi<br />

patriotuli motivisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, magram iqve dasZens:<br />

`Cemo samSoblov Sen idiade,<br />

rom dagimxvia JamTa siave"<br />

da aRarc ki surs gaixsenos im uTanasworo brZolebis dro, romlis<br />

Sesaxeb leqsis dasawyisidanve mogviTxrobs, roca qveynis saukuTeso<br />

Svilebis sisxliT iRebeboda saqarTvelos miwa, radganac mis samSoblos<br />

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amJamad ukve aRar emuqreba msgavsi saSinelebani, radgan `daumxvia JamTa<br />

siave".<br />

`krwanisis saRamoebi" drois ideologiuri maxasiaTeblebidan<br />

gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom maRalmxatvruli poeturi qmnilebaa.<br />

sabrZolo bataliebis gaxsenebis da piradi emociis gadmocemis Semdeg<br />

poeti leqsis bolo monakveTSi (`aRar daRamdes") Tavisi droebis<br />

dadebiT zegavlenas aseTi mxatvruli ferebiT gadmogvcems:<br />

me vakvirdebi balaxis bibins,<br />

mtkvris RiRins, maRal verxvebis Srials,<br />

irgvliv simRera moCqefs da igi<br />

dros yvavilebad gadauSlia!<br />

magram ufro qvemoT erTi aseTi strofic gvxvdeba:<br />

ismis simRera _ `hyvaodes vardi", _<br />

da es silaRe bulbulebs ukvirT,<br />

moviklaT warsul dReebze dardi,<br />

Tu momavali savsea SuqiT. _<br />

es ukanaskneli tovebs Sefaruli azris STabeWdilebas. igi samSoblos<br />

Tavisufali mdgomareobiT aRfrTovanebuli poetis amoZaxils ar unda<br />

warmoadgendes. migvaCnia, rom krwanisis brZolis suraTebi, didi ilias<br />

`aCrdilidan" motanili cnobili striqoni (iqve, kiTxviTsityviani eWvis<br />

gamomwvevi striqonic _ `Tu momavali savsea SuqiT") da komunisturi<br />

`diadi" droeba s. faSaliSvilis poetur azrovnebaSi Tanabar sibrtyeze<br />

arasodes ganixileba. magram sakiTxis meti simkveTriT dasmas an<br />

diskusiis gamarTvas maSin veravin gabedavda, am SemTxvevaSi avtorisgan<br />

aseT raimes arc moviTxovT. zogadad, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom es vrceli<br />

leqsi ar gamoirCeva sakiTxis simwvaviT. s. faSaliSvili Tavisi drois<br />

Sesabamisi poeturi metyvelebiT vrclad gadmogvcems qarTveli xalxis<br />

diadi warsulis amsaxvel faqtebs, rac TavisTavad aRuZravs patriot<br />

mkiTxvels erovnuli siamayis grZnobas.<br />

Znelia imis mtkicebac, rom taepi _ `Tu momavali savsea SuqiT" _<br />

xelovnuri elferis matarebelia. mainc gadavavloT Tvali 1954 wliT<br />

daTariRebul leqss `es iyo maSin", romelSic poeti gaixsenebs 1905­07<br />

wlebis ruseTis revolucias, im adamianebs, vinc revolucias Seswira<br />

33

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Tavi da ityvis: `is dro warsuls ar Cabardeba". maSin rogor moxdeba,<br />

rom mudam saqarTvelos namyoze fiqrSi myofma poetma krwanisis sevdaze<br />

moiklas dardi, rogorc warsul droze, xolo 1905­07 wlebi, an 1917 weli<br />

dasaviwyeblad ver gaimetos.<br />

`krwanisis saRamoebi" faSizmTan omis wlebSia dawerili da amdenad,<br />

drois moTxovnebisTvis unda epasuxa. avtori xazs usvams im garemoebas,<br />

rom erTmorwmune mezoblis Semosvlam Cvens qveyanaSi fizikurad ixsna<br />

qarTveli xalxi. am sakiTxze msjelobdnen me­19 saukunis pirvel<br />

naxevarSi (1832 w. SeTqmuleba, romantikosTa Semoqmedeba...), xolo meore<br />

naxevarSi ilia WavWavaZis mkveTri xazgasma erovnul problemaze didi<br />

gamococxlebis niSansveti gaxda. XX saukunis 20­iani wlebidan erovnuli<br />

sakiTxi tabudadebuli iyo. saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis<br />

gaazrebac ki umkacresad isjeboda.<br />

vfiqrobT, aRniSnuli sakiTxi, iseTi mrwamsis pirovnebas, rogoric s.<br />

faSaliSvili iyo, azrobrivad ar asvenebda, magram, rogorc etyoba,<br />

poeturad ar iyo ise momwifebuli, rom igi Sesabamis, urTierTSerwymul<br />

mxatvrul saxeebad gamoSuqebuliyo da saTanado xarisxis leqsi moeca.<br />

es sakiTxi dRis wesrigSi mxolod 80­iani wlebis erovnuli moZraobis<br />

aRmavlobam daayena mTeli sigrZe­siganiT.<br />

samSoblos xalasi siyvaruliT gamoirCeva leqsi `patara kaxis<br />

gaxseneba kavkasionTan", romelSic `lirikuli grZnobierebiTaa<br />

gamoTqmuli STamomavlobis Tayvaniscema im mamaci adamianisadmi, visi<br />

sicocxlec imas Seewira, rom `saqarTvelos mzes wyvdiadi ar<br />

mohyoloda!" (38,164).<br />

siko faSaliSvils SvilTan, <strong>Tengiz</strong>Tan erTad Semouvlia Sida kaxeTi<br />

da mTaTuSeTi, mounaxulebia patara kaxis mier dalaSqruli mravali<br />

adgili. poetur striqonebSi naTladaa warmodgenili sakuTari xalxisa<br />

da qveynisaTvis erekle meoris yoveldRiuri zrunva da Tavdadeba.<br />

leqsis avtori Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTavs did winapars:<br />

`zecam dalocos amagdaro patara kaxo,<br />

eg didi Rvawli, eg naTeli didi saxeli,<br />

didi saxeli _ am gzebzec rom dagimCnevia,<br />

rogorc samefo wignze beWdis dasma gCvevia,<br />

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saxeli, romlis brwyinvalebiT saflavs Caxveli!"<br />

mefisa da didi mxedarTmTavris saxelisadmi mowiwebiT, masze<br />

mRelvare fiqriT aris STagonebuli leqsis bolo striqonebi:<br />

`nuTu aRmoCndes umaduri, rom Sens did amags<br />

eWviT Sexedos, daiviwyos, ar sces Tayvani,<br />

ar sces Tayvani misi qveynis sardals da mamas,<br />

viT pativs scemdnen Cveni didi mamapapani . . .<br />

ara, eg ltolva vaJkacuri vervin damarxos,<br />

ver gamogiCndes ugunuri mteri mzraxveli,<br />

TviT es mTebic ki mogZaxian: `patara kaxo,<br />

kurTxeul iyos Suqmosili Seni saxeli!"<br />

erekle mefis umagaliTo gmirobiT gulanTebuli poeti, yovelgvari<br />

daeWvebis gareSe, eTanxmeba mis saboloo gadawyvetilebas. ioseb<br />

imedaSvilisadmi miZRvnili leqsic `erekles galavani TelavSi" amaze<br />

metyvelebs. erT­erT strofSi aseTi azria gatarebuli:<br />

`ara, ar iyo is bonaparte,<br />

ar imonebda kidiTi-kides, _<br />

mas xalxTa Zmobis gza swamda farTe<br />

da es gza Svilebs gvirCia kidec".<br />

qarTvel SemoqmedTa da mecnierTa naazrevSi saqarTvelos<br />

orientaciis sakiTxze msjeloba ZiriTadad identuria. Crdiloel<br />

mezobelTan Sekedlebis radikalur uaryofas mefe erekles drois<br />

gadasaxedidan, mcire gamonaklisis garda, aravin cdila. im drois<br />

saqarTvelos yofa, albaT, sxvagvar gamosavals ar aZlevda mxcovan<br />

mefes. sxva problemaa, Tu rogor yofaSi aRmoCnda erTmorwmune<br />

mezoblis `mfarvelobaSi" Sesuli xalxi. magram aseTi bedi Cveni<br />

samSoblosTvis, rogorc patara qveynisTvis, Tanamdevia. mravalricxovani<br />

mezoblis Sovinisturi buneba dasabamidan dRemde awveTebs Tavis Sxams<br />

Cvens mravalWirnaxul miwas da amaze TiTqmis araviTari zegavlena ar<br />

mouxdenia sazogadoebrivi formaciebis cvlas. amaod boboqrobda<br />

saxalxo moZraobebi da revoluciebi. ver veRirseT mezoblis<br />

keTilganwyobilebas, miT ufro mfarvelobas. piriqiT, gadauWarbeblad<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Cveni qveynis erovnuli Tavisuflebisaken ltolvam<br />

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sul ufro gamZvinvarebul urCxuls daamsgavsa guSindeli `moyvasi da<br />

mxsneli".<br />

faSizmis winaaRmdeg omis Temam gamoZaxili hpova s.<br />

faSaliSvilis poeziaSi. marTalia, leqsebis cikli `krwanisis saRamoebi"<br />

1945 wels daiwera da igi qarTvelobas erovnuli siamayis grZnobiT<br />

aRavsebda, magram poeti, zogi Tanamokalmisagan gansxvavebiT, uSualod<br />

omze bevrs arafers ambobs. leqsi `Zveli cacxvis qveS" AaSkara brZolis<br />

suraTebs, faSistur agresias an mis winaaRmdeg brZolas ar aRwers. arc<br />

poetis sabrZolo SemarTebaa masSi gadmocemuli. aq, ubralod,<br />

warmodgenilia omiT gamowveuli erTgvari Sedegi. kerZod, didi cacxvis<br />

totebis CrdilqveS gaukacrielebuli saxl-kari dgas, sadac `xavsni<br />

faraven saxlis qvebs, maspinZeli ki ara Cans". WiSkarTan aRar gegebebian<br />

am ezo-garemos Semoqmedni. ZaRlic ki ar Cans darajad da stumrad<br />

mosuls lodini dagRlis. advili misaxvedria, rom `aRar arian isini,<br />

visac am saxlTan igoneb, visac swiravdi siciliT gulsa da yrmobis<br />

striqonebs!" kiTxvaze, Tu ra iqnen, ratom ar sCanan? - poeti Semdegnairi<br />

gardasaxviT pasuxobs:<br />

`dumili xanjliT gulsa sWris,<br />

foTlebi scviva, wvima scris<br />

da ismis qaris sisini:<br />

`aRar arian isini".<br />

es aris da es. leqsi `Zveli cacxvis qveS" uSualod omze da<br />

mebrZolTa gmirul Tavdadebaze ar mogviTxrobs, magram igi mTlianad,<br />

gansakuTrebiT bolo striqoniT swored logikuri Sedegia daundobeli<br />

omisa, romlis frTebzec sikvdilia Semomjdari.<br />

kidev ufro rTulia srulad Cawvde poetis gancdas da gulisTqmas<br />

leqsSi `mowodeba", romlis mizandasaxuloba saTaurSivea gaJRerebuli,<br />

magram ar Cans agresoris namdvili saxe. aq, zogadad, samSoblos<br />

dacvisTvis mowodeba gaismis. leqsis mZafri patriotuli Sinaarsi<br />

mkiTxvelSi orWoful azrs tovebs da daweris TariRi (1941 w.)<br />

yvelafris ganmsazRvreli ar unda iyos. umjobesia bolomde wavikiTxoT<br />

leqsi:<br />

`vinc gabeda binZur fexiT Seebilwa Cveni miwa.<br />

36

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Cveni saxli, Cveni kera vinc cecxlsa da maxvils misca,<br />

vinc samSoblos Tavisufals borkilebiT daeqada,<br />

vinc Cveni mzis dabneleba ukuneTis bneliT scada,<br />

de, daatydes Cveni risxva Cauqrobel Surisgebad,<br />

de, gaipos misi guli Cvens maxvilze asagebad,<br />

dahkar, dahkar gadamTiels Sens risxvaSi gadmosuli<br />

de, gigznebdes vaJkacobas gmir winaparT mtkice suli.<br />

dahkar, dahkar da SesZaxe Cauqrobel gulis nTebiT:<br />

- arasodes, arasodes monad arvis gavuxdebiT."<br />

unda vigulisxmoT, rom 1941 welma poets Tavisi samSoblo kuTxis<br />

axlo da Soreuli istoriebi gaaxsena, roca momxduri damonebiT<br />

gvemuqreboda. faSisturi agresia poetisaTvis sakuTari gulisTqmis<br />

gadmocemis sababi gaxda, vinaidan leqsi wminda erovnuli suliskveTebiT<br />

gaJRenTil mowodebas warmoadgens da masSi Tavisi samSoblos<br />

problemebiT damZimebuli qarTveli mamulisSvili ufro moCans, vidre<br />

faSizmis winaaRmdeg meomari poeti. Tumca igi faSizmis Temas<br />

gulgrilad arasodes mopyrobia. `marSi laSqruli", `pasuxi frontidan<br />

gamogzavnil werilze", `cxra maisi" da zogierTi sxva leqsi mkveTrad<br />

gamocems faSizmis winaaRmdeg brZolis eqos, romlebsac zedve etyoba<br />

drois Sesabamisi ideologiuri xelwerac.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis SemoqmedebaSi gvxvdeba adamianis amqveyniuri<br />

arsebobis, uofna-aryofnis, adamianis daniSnulebisa da warmavlobis<br />

ganmsazRvreli filosofiuri xasiaTis leqsebi. samSoblos siyvarulis<br />

udiadesi grZnoba organulad ukavSirdeba adamianze da adamianur<br />

grZnobebze fiqrs poetisaTvis. ar arsebobs Rirseuli sicocxle<br />

samSoblos gareSe. misi leqsebis garkveuli nawili gamoirCeva adamianis<br />

cxovrebaze filosofiuri dakvirvebebiT, sicocxlis azrisa da miznis<br />

garkvevis wyurviliT, riTac igi zogjer gulmtkivneuli, melanqoliis<br />

nisliT daburuli moCans:<br />

`kvlav gazafxuli... am guls wylulians<br />

ra uCinari naRveli erTvis,<br />

ramden gazafxuls gadauvlia,<br />

ramdeni vardi damWknara CvenTvis", _<br />

37

---

naRvlianad ambobs poeti leqsSi `sibere modis" da wuTisoflis<br />

warmavlobis Tema ­ eklesiastes `amaoeba amaoTa Sinas" sakiTxi<br />

originalurad ikiTxeba s. faSaliSvilis SemoqmedebaSi. kacis cxovreba<br />

masac isris gatyorcnad, amqveyniur wuTierebad warmoudgenia:<br />

`kacis sicocxle, viT elva isris,<br />

wami yofila,simZime lodis, -<br />

gulze dros civi kakuni ismis<br />

wasula siyrme, sibere modis."<br />

poetis TqmiT, adamianis sicocxles maSin aqvs azri, Tu is Rirseul<br />

saqmes emsaxureba. sxvanairad amqveynad gatarebuli sicocxlis wlebi mas<br />

dakargulad miaCnia. leqsi `Cemi striqonebi" konkretuli sicocxlis<br />

ukvdavebis Tavisebur axsnas warmoadgens. poetis fiqri sul mcire droiT<br />

gadaswvdeba adamianis sicocxlis amqveyniur daniSnulebas. Tvalis erTi<br />

gadavlebiT gaxedavs cxovrebis ganvlil gzas da miuxedavad<br />

Sromatevadi warsulisa, mainc ukmayofilebis gancda Zlevs (aseTi gancda<br />

kidev mraval leqss axlavs Tan). meti Sroma, metis Seqmna yofila saWiro.<br />

aseTi cxovrebiseuli pozicia ekava mas. poetis `sicocxlis azri maRali"<br />

_ mudam momaval dReze fiqrobda, xolo fuWad gatarebuli wlebi<br />

dakargulad miaCnda. leqsis mixedviT, mzis sxivebi da mTvaris naTeba,<br />

maT Tvalwin ki Cveni planeta -<br />

`gamoucnobi Jamisa,<br />

mis nakvalevze iSveba<br />

sicocxle - landi wamisa!<br />

sicocxlis azri maRali<br />

maZebaria xvalisa -<br />

xolo gzas cremli uqargavs,<br />

CamonawveTi Tvalisa."<br />

sicocxle `landi wamisa", _ ase warmoudgenia poets. am wamierebaSic<br />

MmisTvis Tanamdevi qartexilebis arsebobis miuxedavad, rasac Znelia<br />

adamianma advilad gaarTvas Tavi, igi mainc ar gvirCevs xelis Caqnevas.<br />

Sors dgas pesimizmisgan. piriqiT, misi azriT, mainc Rirs garja da<br />

momavalze zrunva. leqsis bolo strofi -<br />

`sikvdilic kacis kvaldakval<br />

38

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ayifad moarulia:<br />

Tu gzas kacoba ar gikvlevs,<br />

sicocxle dakargulia!.." -<br />

dro da Jami wuTisoflis brunvis gamocanas TandaTan amZafrebs da<br />

poetis sulier tkivilebs aZlierebs. sul ufro da ufro Zlierdeba misi<br />

sinanuli droTa svlaSi. leqsi `sicocxle Cemi", avtoris<br />

gardacvalebidan ramdenime dReSi gamoqveynda `literaturul<br />

saqarTveloSi". (42, 3) igi erTgvarad mSvidad da uemociod ikiTxeba,<br />

Tumca usazRvro sinanuli Cans masSi sicocxleze Seyvarebuli kacisa,<br />

romelsac drois mdinareba ar indobs da sul ufro metad agrZnobinebs<br />

aRsasrulis gardauvalobas:<br />

`sicocxle Cemi fexakrefiT miipareba,<br />

cdilobs moaswros mzis Casvlamde mTas mifareba,<br />

sidanac msurda Cemi bedis gamodareba,<br />

ara, ar icdis... mag kai kacs ra eCqareba?<br />

iltvis ipovos mcire bina, is bnelkareba,<br />

sadac bevr natvras Cauvlia niaRvarebad<br />

da Sewyvetila siymawvilis aCanCqareba,<br />

ara, ar micdis! mag dalocvils ra eCqareba?"<br />

poets guli wydeba imaze, rom naocnebari srulad ver amowura, bevri<br />

ram rCeba daumTavrebeli iseTi, rasac ara TavisTvis, aramed<br />

`SviliSvilTa sabednierod" qmnida, Taviseburad cdilobda qveynad<br />

`dRekeTilobis gaZlierebas":<br />

`ase vibrZodi da kvlav brZola ar mezareba,<br />

eg ki ar icdis, mag kai kacs ra eCqareba?-"<br />

poeti TiTqos Serigebulia bedTan. gamosavlis ararseboba sxva<br />

saSualebas arc aZlevs da saaqaoze xelCaqneuli uwyinari da<br />

upretenzio moCans. sainteresoa erTi faqti: rodesac s. faSaliSvilis<br />

SemoqmedebaSi filosofiuri lirikis nimuSebi Cndeba, misi leqsi raRac<br />

Sinagani impulsiT imuxteba, ufro elastiuri da moqnili xdeba,<br />

mxatvruli azrebic mkveTri da miznobrivia. es imaze metyvelebs, rom igi<br />

filosofiuri azrovnebis poetia da sxva Temebi swored am<br />

sibrZnismcodneobis erTgvari gamoxatulebaa da ara misi sulis<br />

39

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ganuyofeli nawili. albaT, SemTxveviTi arc is faqti iyo, rom<br />

universitetSi swored sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetze daiwyo swavla.<br />

zneobriobis niSani azis poetis ukanasknel, mcire zomis leqsebs,<br />

romlebic zemoT motanil leqsTan erTad gamoqveynda `literaturul<br />

saqarTveloSi". esenia: `trabaxob magram...", `samudamo Zili", `saxli da<br />

saxeli~. isini erTstrofian aforizmul gamoTqmebs warmoadgenen.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis filosofiur lirikaSi movlenaTa Rrma da<br />

originaluri gaazrebiT gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs leqsebi:<br />

`ukvdaveba", `bunebisaTvis kacisa", `Sendobis maTxovari", `warwera<br />

udabnoSi", `patara ganaCeni" da mravali sxva.<br />

prof. a. mirianaSvilis TqmiT: `ar gadavaWarbebT, Tu vityviT, rom<br />

leqsi `ukvdaveba~ dgas me­20 saukunis qarTuli lirikis SedevrTa wina<br />

rigSi" (21, 141):<br />

`janRis jarebi ebrZodnen qarebs<br />

da mze vefxviviT yalyze dgeboda;<br />

me avdiodi maRal mwvervalebs<br />

da suli cecxlSi iZireboda.<br />

simRera Cemi sivrceebs nTqavda<br />

da nabiji ki Runavda qedebs:­<br />

maradisobis avxade farda<br />

da mzeebs iqiT gadavixede<br />

da ukvdaveba vixile maSin _<br />

sakuTar sulSi mzis amosvlaSi!"<br />

am striqonebSi `sulis ukvdavebis, saerTod maradiulobis mZafri<br />

gancda SeiZleba miviCnioT misi Semoqmedebis filosofiur sayrdenad" (20,<br />

9), _ ambobs prof. i. milorava.<br />

leqsi `ukvdaveba" pirvelad daibeWda gazeT `kavkasionSi". i.<br />

gomarTeli `kavkasionis" literaturuli nawilis kritikuli analizisas<br />

am leqssac exeba. i. gomarTeli yuradRebas aqcevs erT saleqso<br />

striqonSi azris umarTebulod gadmocemas da SeniSnavs: `s.<br />

faSaliSvilis `ukvdaveba" amarTlebs saTaurs, gambedaoba da simZlavre,<br />

siamaye metyvelebs Sig, xolo `me avdiodi maRal mwvervalebs" _ qarTuli<br />

ar aris" (7).<br />

40

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miuxedavad amisa, leqsi poeturad srulad gamoxatavs avtoris<br />

nebisyofis Serkinebas garesamyarosTan. aq poeti drois boboqar talRebs<br />

ebrZvis, riTac garkveulwilad ukvdavebasac eziareba. marTalia,<br />

mxatvruli saxeebiT ar gamoirCeva, samagierod masSi kargad ikiTxeba<br />

poetis sulieri mrwamsi.<br />

s. faSaliSvili Tavis leqsebSi xSirad exeba adamianis amqveyniuri<br />

daniSnulebis sakiTxs. `vin iyo igi, guli risTvis stkioda", ­ fiqrobs<br />

poeti samaris lodze Sesrulebuli warwera-Txovnis _ `Sendobas viTxov,<br />

mikurTxe xsovna" _ wakiTxvisas. yoveli pirovnebis ganvlili gza unda<br />

ganisajos da Sefasdes, TiToeuls ki Rirsebis mixedviT miegos _ ase<br />

swams poets.<br />

`rogor movida, rogor iRvwoda,<br />

rogor daatyo cxovrebas kvali,<br />

risTvis ibrZoda, risTvis iwvoda,<br />

riT moixada kacuri vali". ­<br />

kiTxulobs igi leqsSi `Sendobis maTxovari". avtorisaTvis kacuri valis<br />

moxda saqveyno samsaxurSi, bediT Cagrulis TanadgomaSia. da Tu<br />

cxovrebis am wess `yuri aTxova, ­ alali iyos: Cems wil Sendobas, mec<br />

gavugzavni, rogorc maTxovars!" - ityvis poeti.<br />

leqsi `warwera udabnoSi~ gvauwyebs: `erT udabnoSi, ukacur adgils,<br />

xavsian qvaze" amokveTilia warwera, romelic gvacnobs imierSi wasuli<br />

kacis Segonebas, visac `oqros samosi" Semoacvda, magram namdvili<br />

simdidre Tan Cahyolia saflavSi, - Tan wauRia `kacis namusi da<br />

siyvaruli adamis Zisa!"<br />

s. faSaliSvili mkiTxvels mouwodebs aseTi pirovnebebis saqmeTa<br />

aRiarebas, vinc Tavisi sicocxlis umTavresi nawili `moyvasisaTvis<br />

wminda samsaxurs~ Sealia. poeti STagonebulia arsebuli warweriT:<br />

da svams kiTxvas:<br />

`im warweraze me vfiqrob xSirad<br />

da sinanuli mtanjavs gviani"<br />

`rad ar devs is qva didi gzis pirad,<br />

romelzec dadis adamiani?!"<br />

41

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poetis cnobierebaSi urTierTsapirispiro cnebebi _ boroti da<br />

keTili, erTad ver Tavdeba. mas miaCnia, rom simarTles unda ificebde,<br />

`erido borots" da `gwamdes keTili". borotisadmi damokidebuleba<br />

mogvagonebs vaJas sityvebs: `sikvdili Tavad ufalsa gauCenia mtrisada".<br />

mteri sikeTes araTu gagigebs, aramed dagigmobs kidec, maSin poetis<br />

rCeva aseTia:<br />

`Sen moiqeci bunebis wesiT:<br />

gasrise igi, romelic lamobs<br />

TviTon amaRldes Seni gasresiT!"<br />

42<br />

(`bunebisaTvis kacisa")<br />

s. faSaliSvili arasodes yofila adamianTa urTierdapirispirebis<br />

momxre, misi cxovrebis wesic aseTi gaxldaT, mtrobas mudam Zmobas<br />

upirispirebda.<br />

`gana mtrobaa mizani<br />

amqveynad arsebobisa?<br />

kaci var, kacad micani,<br />

madli giCveno Zmobisa!"<br />

(`nu mesvri isars")<br />

poetis warmodgeniT, bunebis qmnilebani urTiermimarTebiT mTlian<br />

harmonias qmnian, bunebaSi zedmeti araferia da erTis arseboba<br />

meorisTvis aucilebeli pirobaa, miT umetes es iTqmis adamianze.<br />

poeti Tvlis, rom am udidesi erTianobis erTi nawili Tavadacaa da<br />

amitom Tavs bunebis tolad miiCnevs. aseTi azris matarebelia leqsi<br />

`harmonia bunebisa", romelSic avtori ambobs:<br />

`da me vigrZen, rom bunebis<br />

toli var da Tvisi,<br />

rom uCemod dairRveva<br />

mTlianoba misi".<br />

Tu buneba Cveni arsebobiT sakuTar mTlianobas ar avsebs<br />

yoveldRiurad, `maS, uazrod Semoqmedi ratom gagvaCenda?" _ ikiTxavs am<br />

striqonebis avtori da dabejiTebiT daaskvnis:

---

`Cven vWirdebiT, mitom gvadgams<br />

am Suqs oqros farad, ­<br />

o, bunebis harmonia<br />

ukvdavia marad!.."<br />

poeti samarTlianad migvaniSnebs, rom `wuTisoflis stumars",<br />

adamians, kacTmoyvareobisa da erTgulebis garda, sxva miswrafebis sagani<br />

ar unda gaaCndes. amiT unda xarobdes da ise midiodes am qveynidan:<br />

`wuTiTa xar aq mosuli,<br />

ar irCio gza mrudi:<br />

Seni wili siyvaruli<br />

waiRe da dabrundi!"<br />

(`wuTisoflis stumars")<br />

sikvdil-sicocxlis maradiuli Tanaarsebobis, Zlierisa da sustis<br />

drois mdinarebaSi gaTanasworebis gardauvalobas exmianeba leqsi<br />

`napoleoni tiuilris baRSi". didi gvirgvinosani, Tavisi zekacuri<br />

siamayiT sxivmosili, baRSi seirnobisas `keTilinebebs dastkbes _ rogor<br />

hyvavis sosani". Tavisken moswevs erT vardis rtos da `yvavilis gulSi<br />

patara mRils daakvirdeba _ etyvis: `Senc cocxlob?" -gaicinebs da<br />

gakvirdeba!"<br />

poeti maSinve SeuZaxebs:<br />

`ehei, ase nu dascini, iyavi frTxili:<br />

mova Seni dRe, dagiWkneba bedis xexili<br />

da miwis mpyrobels, miwad gaqcevs eg mcire mRili!"<br />

mware sinamdvilea. poetis STagonebis wyaro, bonapartec, Tavis<br />

droze TiTqmis msoflios mpyrobeli, drosTan mimarTebaSi TiToeuli<br />

Cvenganis darad umweoa. `Jamis mpyrobelic" sabolood xom drois<br />

meufebis mona gamxdara. swored dro aris ganmsazRvreli, Tundac Cveni<br />

qveynad movlinebisa da miT ufro, warmavlobisa. amitomacaa, rom poetis<br />

yovlisSemcnobi suli yofna­aryofnis sarkeSi mokvdavT axedebs da<br />

yofierebaSi sikeTisa da siyvarulis nayofiT gamdidrebis niWis Zalas<br />

usurvebs.<br />

leqsi ramdenadme gansxvavebuli struturis mqonea _ Sedgeba<br />

samstriqoniani sami strofisagan. TiToeul strofSi Semavali yvela<br />

43

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taepi erTmaneTTan gariTmulia mosazRvred (gvirgvinosani _ Senamosari _<br />

sosani; kvirtebad _ daakvirdeba _ da gakvirdeba; iyavi frTxili _ bedis<br />

xexili _ eg mcire mRili).<br />

calke aRniSvnis Rirsia s. faSaliSvilis vrceli leqsi `simarTle",<br />

romelic sami nawilisagan Sedgeba. avtori poetur-mxatvruli<br />

warmosaxviT gviambobs, rom uZvelesi droidan dedamiwaze ucxovria<br />

Turme simarTles, romelic xorcSesxmul sinaTles warmoadgenda da<br />

yvelas saficrad miaCnda. TvaliT misi mxilveli ki aravin iyo. ambobdnen<br />

`igi mzeTunaxavi, qali ariso zeRvTaebrivi". mravali eZebda, mravali<br />

eswrafvoda mis xilvas. magram mis saZebnelad wasuli `ar brundeboda<br />

ukan aravin." erT dResac<br />

`...maSin raindi erTi<br />

gamoCnda uceb da daiZaxa,<br />

rom xalxisaTvis mas guli erCis,<br />

man ganizraxa simarTlis naxva!"<br />

raindma aRTqma daudo xalxs, rom simarTles ixilavda da namdvil<br />

ambavs moitanda mis Sesaxeb. gaiara urTulesi gzebi, ukanaskneli `Smagi<br />

mdinare da win udabno... mwiri uvardo, yru da udafno". miznis sidiade<br />

amarjvevinebs mas am rTul saval gzaze. uecrad `patara qoxi, qoxis<br />

diresTan saxedamWknari dgas dedaberi da welSi moxrils, bages<br />

uTrTolebs Rimili wynari!"<br />

raindi hkiTxavs adgilis saxels da ambavs am mSvenieri aremarisas.<br />

maTi dialogi ase warimarTeba:<br />

` _ es uyvavilo udabno aris,<br />

aq arc wyaroa da arc mdeloa"<br />

` _ mxare sioblis da simwuxaris?"<br />

` _ ara, simarTlis samflobeloa".<br />

rainds gakvirveba ipyrobs da sTxovs _<br />

`....maS, miTxar isic,<br />

sada binadrobs TviTon simarTle,<br />

sad aris oqros sasaxle misi?!"<br />

`_gza aq Tavdeba, simarTle me var<br />

sasaxle Cemi _ es qoxi ari,<br />

44

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es zRurbli aris, razec me vdgevar,<br />

Cemi cxovrebis Tanaziari!" ­ iyo pasuxi.<br />

gancvifrebuli da gawbilebuli darCa raindi da aRiarebs, rom mas<br />

simarTled warmoedgina `...mzeTunaxavi... rogorc Sveneba dauZraxavi!~<br />

qalic daudasturebs, rom swored aseTi iyo Tavdapirvelad, magram<br />

mdevnelma moSurne adamianma ase daaWkno is sabolood. maSin wamoscdeba<br />

poets soflis saZraxisi sityvebi:<br />

`rogor ar dagmos kacma sofeli<br />

da misi swrafva viT ar daeces,<br />

Tu TviTonvea uarmyofeli<br />

imisi, rasac qveynad daeZebs?!"<br />

TavCaRunuli da Tvalcremliani Semobrundeba raindi. mxolod<br />

amasRa hkiTxavs dedabers:<br />

`me xalxi melis pasuxisaTvis,<br />

rom davbrundebi ra vuTxra mainc".<br />

sul erTi sityviT gaixsna xlarTi<br />

`_icrue" _ uTxra simarTlem rainds!"<br />

`simarTle" s. faSaliSvilis erT-erTi vrceli leqsia. igi, movlenaTa<br />

aRqma-warmosaxvis TvalsazrisiT zogma SeiZleba lirikul poemadac<br />

miiCnios, Tumca, Cemi azriT, rogorc legendur safuZvelze Seqmnili<br />

leqsi, igi baladis filosofiur-fsiqologiur saxes ufro warmoadgens.<br />

leqsi `simarTle" avtoris cxovrebiseul gamocdilebasa da zogadad<br />

mravalWirnaxuli adamianis cxovrebis poeturi warmosaxvaa. sakiTxi<br />

filosofiur WrilSia dasmulic da gadawyvetilic.<br />

leqsis dasasruls poetis gulgatexilobis gamovlinebad miviCnevT,<br />

magram cxovrebiseuli praqtikac xom ZiriTadad amas adasturebs.<br />

idealis ZebnaSi xSirad gvaviwydeba yvelaze naRdi da WeSmariti<br />

adamianuri damokidebulebani.<br />

amdenad, s. faSaliSvilis filosofiuri lirika<br />

mravalwaxnagovania. poets xelewifeba keTilisa da borotis, sikvdilisa<br />

da sicocxlis, simarTlisa da sicruis, maradiulis ararsebobisa da<br />

yovelives ucilobeli dasasrulis, bunebis qmnilebaTa<br />

urTierTharmoniuli Serwymis problemebis STambeWdavi mxatvruli<br />

45

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gadawyveta.<br />

iSviaTia poeti, romlis suli da grZnoba gancdebi siyvarulis<br />

ukvdavi ganZTiT ar iyos nasazrdoebi. gamonaklisi am mxriv arc s.<br />

faSaliSvilia. mis SemoqmedebaSi siyvarulis ukvdaveba maRalmxatvrul<br />

poetur striqonebSia warmodgenili. aSkarad Cans, rom siyvaruli ibadeba<br />

wrfel gulSi da faqizad gadmoicema. poetis SemoqmedebaSi yvelgan<br />

igrZnoba satrfosTan `kdemamosili damokidebuleba da Cumi sevda. versad<br />

naxavT uxeSobas da erotiul gaxelebas" (23).<br />

kinofilm `qeTo da kotes" scenarze muSaobisas s. faSaliSvilma<br />

erT­erT epizodSi Seitana musikalurad gadamuSavebuli trfialebis<br />

grZnobiT aRvsili Tavisive leqsi `erTxel vixile"<br />

`erTxel vixile baRSi gaSlili<br />

vardi pirveli gazafxulisa,<br />

erTxel vigrZeni alersi tkbili<br />

da sixaruli siyvarulisa.<br />

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

es siyvaruli me SenTvis minda,<br />

rogorc vards ­ Suqi gazafxulisa,<br />

me SenTvis minda es guli wminda<br />

da sixaruli siyvarulisa!"<br />

erTi amoZaxiliT naTqvam am leqsSi udavod Zlieria siyvarulis<br />

muxti. amitom ar Rirs masze msjeloba, Znelia misi sakadrisad Sefaseba.<br />

siyvaruli, sixaruli, sinanuli... TiTqmis yvelaferia masSi, rac diad<br />

grZnobas Tan sdevs.<br />

`erTxel vixile" xalxis sayvarel simRerad iqca da dRemde didi<br />

popularobiT sargeblobs.<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom s. faSaliSvilis poezias Tavidan bolomde<br />

gasdevs siyvarulis motivi, igi arasodes qceula gulaRtkinebul da<br />

vnebadauokebel mgosnad, Tumca qalis mSveniereba mravalgzis gamxdara<br />

misi leqsis STagonebis wyaro. Tvali gadavavloT zogier epizods<br />

mwerlis mogonebaTa wignidan `dauviwyari Sexvedrebi": „lurji Tvalebi,<br />

Savze Savi wamwamebi, marjnis tuCebi da monRoluri xmaliviT moxrili<br />

warbebi!<br />

46

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aseTi maxsovs Cemi Taobis cnobili mxatvris valerian sidamon­<br />

erisTavis patarZali, ColoyaSvilis asuli natalia..." (43, 138).<br />

mwerals gulwrfelad moswons mSvenieri mandilosani. Tbili da<br />

mgrZnobiarea misi guli. moxiblulia valerian sidamon­erisTavis ojaxiT,<br />

romelmac gulTbili maspinZloba gauwia s. faSaliSvils, roca igi<br />

literaturuli saRamos gasamarTavad Telavs Cavida. maSin valeriani da<br />

qalbatoni aneta _ ColoyaSvilis asuli _ axali SeuRlebulebi<br />

yofilan. siko Sestrfis maT bednierebas: `ar davmalav, mivyvebodi<br />

maspinZlebs da vgrZnobdi, rogor mxiblavda valikos axali megobris<br />

saxe, misi mimoxvra, xma, Tundac siCumec ki!" (43, 139).<br />

saRamoze mowveulebma TelavSi nadikvarze gaiseirnes. aq poetma<br />

kidev erTi axali sixaruli ganicada. nadikvris quCis kuTxeSi, WavWavaZis<br />

ubanSi, maT `Tvalwin gaifarfata TeTrma maraom... `mSvenieri elene" _ es<br />

CemTvis poeturi saTayvanebeli saxeli iyo...<br />

...elene ivanes asuli WavWavaZisa, maSin yvela poetis Tayvaniscemis<br />

Rirsi gaxldaT, ara marto imitom, rom eniT uTqmeli silamazisa iyo..."<br />

(43, 139).<br />

poeti imasac gveubneba, rom `mSvenieri elene" erT zamTars Tbiam<br />

lisSi gaucvnia `ubrwyinvales qalTan" aneta andronikaSvilTan erTad,<br />

romelic moskovidan moewviaT qarTul `balze" rogorc nikoloz meoris<br />

sefe qali (freilina). siko faSaliSvils maSin wilad xvda misTvis<br />

SesaniSnavi leqsis `oqros jvari"-s miZRvna. qalbatoni elene WavWavaZisa,<br />

siko faSaliSvilis Telavis saRamoTi am leqsis Semdeg kidev ufro<br />

dainteresebula da saRamos diasaxlisobac ukisria. leqsi `oqros jvari"<br />

gansakuTrebulad uyvarda TviT mis avtorsac.<br />

gamonakveT fiqalis mkerds<br />

Txel marmaSis farda hfaravs _<br />

da eg farda raRac jados<br />

mkveTri elviT daubzaravs.<br />

da naTlad Cans oqros jvari<br />

rogor gimkobs gulis karebs! _<br />

brwyinavs, brwyinavs oqros jvari<br />

da or gumbaTs gielvarebs!.."<br />

47

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avtori ganagrZobs Txrobas andronikaSvilis qalze: `metad jadosan<br />

qalad miviCnie is freilina, raRac STamagonebeli Zala davinaxe masSi,<br />

roca eqspromts vuZRvnidi (dae, mkiTxvelma gansajos Cemi `oqros jvari"<br />

da vgoneb ar gamamtyunebs aseTi `STagonebisaTvis")" (43, 140-141) .<br />

poeti cdilobs daeuflos am mSvenieri qalbatonis gulisTqmas,<br />

Caswvdes saidumlos misas. poetma icis da ukvirs, rom is guli `taZaria<br />

Secodebis", romelSic mavne cduneba budobs `da kandeli brwyinavs<br />

vnebis".<br />

imavdroulad:<br />

`Sig lamazi gvelic cxovrobs<br />

da satana aTasgvari;<br />

maS, mag ararwmenis taZars<br />

rad amSvenebs rwmenis jvari?!..<br />

... mikvirs, RmerTi silamazem<br />

ise rogor Seisyida,<br />

rom mis jvari _ borotebis<br />

samrekloze Camohkida?!.."<br />

`oqros jvari" saxeldaxelod, eqspromtad daiwera. igi, Turme,<br />

TiTqmis ZaliT daawerines avtors Salva dadianma da valerian guniam.<br />

amaT waukiTxes igi freilinas, magram rusul poeziasTan wilnayar<br />

qalbatons qarTuli lirikis mosmeniT didi siamovneba rodi gamouxatavs.<br />

Tumca `oqros jvari", rogorc TviTon poeti ambobs, mainc `iRbliani"<br />

gamodga. avtori mas xSirad kiTxulobda xolme scenidan da msmenelTa<br />

gulwrfel mowonebas imsaxurebda.<br />

s. faSaliSvili didi gulisa da didi grZnobis adamiania. mas sruli<br />

ufleba hqonda eTqva:<br />

`gulis mona var, misi survili<br />

ar Seicvala da ar iZlia,<br />

arc siyvaruli, arc siZulvili<br />

mitom ugulod ar SemiZlia".<br />

am sityvebis avtoris gulwrfelobaSi odnavi daeWvebac ki<br />

SeuZlebelia. moqalaqeobrivi keTilSobilebiTa da grZnobaTa sinaziT<br />

48

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gamoirCeva misi intimuri lirikac. gasuli saukunis 10-iani da 20­iani<br />

wlebis satrfialo poeziisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli qalis macdurobis,<br />

orgulobisa da Tu gnebavT veragobisaTvis da a.S. motivebis miuxedavad,<br />

s. faSaliSvilisaTvis `imTaviTve ucxo iyo qalisadmi trfialebis<br />

tlanqi, erotikuli gamoxatva, rac misi Taobis zogma warmomadgenelma<br />

Tavis droze modad aqcia" (38, 165).<br />

faqizi, lirikuli grZnobiT gamTbari leqsia `pasuxi ukanasknel<br />

werilze". mkiTxvelis sulSi nakaduliviT iRvreba am leqsis<br />

ganwyobileba. poeti unazesi gancdiT ixsenebs kdemiT aRsavse,<br />

dauzraxvel pirvel siyvarulsa da pirvel werils, romelic mas vardis<br />

surnels da pirveli iis sinazes agonebs.<br />

poetma gaxsna `mudam Zvirfasi da sasurveli" werili.<br />

`isev gaxsovar... imave gulis<br />

feTqvas mamcnoben es striqonebi.<br />

rac Sengan damrCa xsovnad warsulis,<br />

dauviwyarad mosagonebi!"<br />

saerTod, satrfialo lirika msoflio poeziis erT­erTi amosavali<br />

wertilia, siyvaruli Tavad poeziaa, poeturi suli siyvarulis gareSe<br />

ver Zlebs, misTvis ara aqvs mniSvneloba asaks, garemoebas, dros. Tu<br />

siyvarulis ciuri sasufeveli misTvis ar gaixsna, leqss saxmili da<br />

gznebareba akldeba. amitomacaa, Tu ram faseuli da mniSvnelovani<br />

Seqmnila poeziasa da saerTod xelovnebaSi, yovelive siyvarulidan<br />

momdinareobs da siko faSaliSvilis trfobis saxmilSemogznebuli<br />

gulic sxvagvari aRtacebiT mReris.<br />

amave dros ver iviwyebs `mgznebare bages" da im `bavSvur guls,<br />

rodesac igi siWabukeSi gadadioda". mravali weli gasula am trfobis<br />

droidan, magram TiTqos guSin iyo, rom<br />

„...yovel kocnaSi<br />

TviT mag spetak guls yvavilad rgavdi,<br />

ara verasdros ver gagcvli sxvaSi,<br />

Sen sxva iyavi, Sen sxvas ar hgavdi!"<br />

siyvarulis es wrfelze uwrfesi gancda avtoris gulSi drom ver<br />

49

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waSala, ver gaamruda da misi gaxseneba sabolood mTrTolvare<br />

striqonebs aTqmevinebs:<br />

`Seni sicocxlis, fiqris, zRva grZnobis<br />

yoveli wami damilocnia,<br />

da gkocni ise, rogorc bavSvobis<br />

Semdeg arvisTvis ar mikocnia!"<br />

poetis guli da goneba TiTqos ebrZvian erTmaneTs. rac ufro metad<br />

uZlierdeba siyvarulis grZnoba da uRelavs guli, miT ufro ikrebs<br />

Zalebs, raTa ar ahyves gulisTqmas, wonasworoba ar dakargos. igi monaa<br />

siyvarulisa, magram saTqmels xmamaRla ver ambobs. yvelaferi `Sav<br />

TvalTa elvam" damarTa mas da SeuZlebelia yovelive aman da leqsis<br />

azarfeSa siyvarulis cecxliT ar auvsos, am cecxliTa da mgznebarebiT<br />

ar damuxtos misi sicocxlec:<br />

`movida igi da uCinari<br />

monoba wilad marguna uceb, ­<br />

neta ra unda, neta vin ari,<br />

ra cecxli anTebs, ra guli ucems?<br />

sanTlad daviwvi.<br />

ratom daviwvi? _ aba, ra vici!"<br />

magram poets am monobis gareSe gaZlebac ar SeuZlia. swored amiT<br />

aris qveyana misTvis naTeli:<br />

`o, dRes qveyana ra naTelia,<br />

ca vardebs mesvris konad da konad, ­<br />

Turme monobac sanatrelia,<br />

Tu silamazes uxdebi monad, ­<br />

gana daveci?<br />

avmaRldi camde. rogor? _ ra vici!"<br />

50<br />

(`aba ra vici")<br />

poets esmis, rom zogjer siyvaruls imedgacruebac Tan axlavs. es<br />

umwaresi gancdaa da SeiZleba tragikul mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndes<br />

Ralatis simwares naziarebi guli. uaryofili siyvarulis gancda<br />

zogjer momakvdinebelia. amaRlebuli grZnobis amgvar dasasruls poetma<br />

`patara ganaCeni" daarqva.

---

Seyvarebuli guli boboqaria, zecaSi daqris, Tumca fizikurad<br />

miwazea. amdenad, siyvarulis sakiTxis gadawyvetaSi monawileobs zecac<br />

da miwac. leqsi `patara ganaCenic" amas gveubneba :<br />

`uyvarda Wabuks, erCivna mzesa,<br />

qalma ki uZRvna Ralati avi,<br />

ver aitana Wabukma esa<br />

da gabedulad moikla Tavi!<br />

dadga Wabukis samsjavros dReca,<br />

vinc trfobas xarkad sicocxle misca<br />

_ brZnulad moiqca, _ gansazRvra zecam,<br />

_ sisulele qna, _ daaskvna miwam!"<br />

poets ewvia siyvarulis Jami, pirveli kocnac ergo. igi Rrmadaa<br />

darwmunebuli, rom es grZnoba ukvdavia, magram gaTenda moulodneli<br />

ganSorebis dRe _ Ralatis dRe. `sxvas gahyva eSxiT naamborebi, satrfo,<br />

cbieri da muxanaTi". poets ganucdia yovelive _ siyvarulic da<br />

ganSorebac. amitom bolos naRvlianad ityvis:<br />

`droTa siaSi aris ori dRe,<br />

dRe siyvarulis, dRe ganSorebis,<br />

da rogorc erTi, ise meore<br />

aris simbolo Cemi cxovrebis".<br />

51<br />

(`ori dRe")<br />

s. faSaliSvils mainc Rrmad swams, rom siyvaruli uberebeli,<br />

maradiulia. `cxovrebis qariSxalma" mas bevrjer dausetyva guli da<br />

TiTqos siWabukis siyvaruliani `gulis feTqvac, drom waiRo<br />

namrisxalma~, magram poets mainc gaumarTla, _ mas bedma misca simReris<br />

niWi, ramac ixsna gansacdelisagan. amitom<br />

`kvlav vugalob siyvarulsa,<br />

simze vqargav sxivTa ferebs,<br />

Tu simRera aTbobs gulsa,<br />

dro mas rogor daaberebs?"<br />

(`guli da dro")<br />

_ ikiTxavs bolos poeti sruliad samarTlianad.

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poetisaTvis arc is aris ucxo, rasac `erTi naxviT Seyvareba" hqvia,<br />

gverdiT Cavlisas TvalTa urTierTSevlebiT gamJRavneba ltolvisa.<br />

siyvarulis cecxliT gulanTebuli Wabuki isev Semobrundeba, TqmiT<br />

verafers ambobs. qali hkiTxavs:<br />

_ `dagrCa rame! _ kiTxva wynari,<br />

rogor malali iyo! _<br />

_ guli damrCa, SenTvis mkvdari,<br />

msurs mag gulma miiRos, _<br />

eg patara saCuqari<br />

SenTvis alali iyos!"<br />

(`saCuqari")<br />

RalatiT gulSi daWril poets Tavi daoblebulad warmoudgenia.<br />

satrfosagan uaryofili `me ufoTlo xesaviT davrCi! martod Sevsulvar<br />

sevdis baRSi umzeo darSi~ _ ityvis igi Tavis SesaniSnav leqsSi `gulis<br />

dardebi yaraCoxelisa", romelic giorgi SavguliZes uZRvna. poeti<br />

CaZirulia unapiro fiqrebsa da dardSi:<br />

`wasula CemTvis gazafxuli siyvarulisa,<br />

me uSenobam oblobasTan damaZmobila,<br />

me uSenobam es sofeli damagmobina,<br />

me uSenobas ver avitan! _ Zneli yofila, ­<br />

mourCeneli tkivili maqvs daWril gulisa!<br />

me rom vmRerivar, gana marTla suls emRereba?! _<br />

cremlis avdarSi damWknobia bedniereba!<br />

rad moisurve siyvarulTan gadamtereba?<br />

modi, saTqmeli moismine dafarulisa!"<br />

gaumarTlebeli siyvarulis sevdiT daCagrul poets TviTon<br />

arasodes uRalatnia wrfeli grZnobisTvis, ar ucems guli samagieros<br />

misazRavad. piriqiT, Rvinos daasxams isev satrfos sadRegrZeleblad:<br />

`daasxiT!.. SevsvaT mkvdari gulis Sesandobari! _<br />

vTqvaT sadRegrZelo! mainc davrCeT satrfos mkobari,<br />

52

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vinc daWra Tvisi momRerali da megobari,<br />

vinc rom RalatiT gaxda mkvleli siyvarulisa!"<br />

aseTi rainduli bunebisaa igi yvelaze sasowarkveTil wuTebSic ki.<br />

aseTi keTilSobileba iyo Tanamdevi siko faSaliSvilisaTvis misi<br />

cxovrebis manZilze. siyvaruliT amaRlebuli da ganspetakebuli misi<br />

guli Sehxaroda sicocxles, cxovrebas, adamians, bunebas, samSoblos da<br />

am siyvarulis dasturmyofelia mTeli misi Semoqmedeba.<br />

s. faSaliSvils xelewifeba bunebis mSvenierebis mxatvruli<br />

warmosaxva. mtkvris midamoebi, lurji naZvnari, mTis mwvervalebis<br />

`bindnarevi Sveneba", mzis sxivebis Semosvla da `foTolTa Crdilebi" _<br />

yovelive guls uvsebs da aRtacebas gvris, magram umTavresi mainc aklia.<br />

bunebis am umSvenieres fonze arsad Cans satrfo, surs rom ixilos igi.<br />

am dros poetis natvra aseTia:<br />

`neta maSin erTmaneTs marTla SemovxvdebodeT,<br />

da am ukvdav ganTiads erTad velodebodeT,<br />

rom riJraJis siturfe erTgvarad gangvecada,<br />

guli grZnobiT agvevso da mzisTvis dagvecada!.."<br />

am natvris asrulebis wuTebi poetisTvis samoTxe iqneboda, magram<br />

satrfo Sors aris da natvra auxdeneli rCeba, yvelaferi zRapars<br />

emsgavseba:<br />

`magram axla Sorsa xar da me natvrad qceuli, _<br />

ver veRirse Sens naxvas, ise gavxdi sneuli!<br />

CemTvis ise dasrulda siWabukis zRapari,<br />

gulSi ise gamefda Rame Semonapari,<br />

Tmebze ise dametyo siWaRaravis laqa, _<br />

rom ver movaswar meTqva: `Wiri iq, lxini aqa!.."<br />

(`Ria baraTi")<br />

s. faSaliSvili siyvarulis mimarT sisaTuTes moiTxovs yoveli<br />

adamianisgan. mciredi codna da pativiscema, Tundac sxvisi<br />

siyvarulisadmi, yvelas moeTxoveba. am grZnobis umecars uneblieT<br />

SeuZlia sxvisTvis tkivilis miyeneba. poetma aseTi tkivili sizmarSi<br />

53

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iwvnia da cxare crebmlebic Rvara. nawilobriv aseTi Sinaarsobrivi<br />

datvirTva aqvs leqss `laqia". erTxel mas esizmra, TiTqos saxlis<br />

laqias, wignTsacavis dalagebisas, vardi Zirs daegdo da `tlanqi fexiT<br />

daefSvnita~. erTguli mijnuri `mwuxarebiT aqviTinda". laqias ukvirs<br />

poetis glova da butbutebs: `... ra moxdao? _ ra aglovebs, ra adardebs?<br />

_ ra fasi aqvs yvavilebso, mere isic damWknar vardebs?!" iqve poetis<br />

Segoneba:<br />

`Cemo kargo, Cvens cxovrebas laqiebi ganageben,<br />

da sicocxlis wignTsacavebs Tvis gemoze alageben;<br />

da me vSiSob, sicxadeSic ar dagvsajon cremliT cxeliT,<br />

Cveni trfobis saxarebas ar Seexon tlanqi xeliT!.."<br />

s. faSaliSvili rusTveluri siyvarulis principebis damcvelia. am<br />

principebs exmianeba leqsebi `siyvaruli agvamaRlebs" da `auxsneli<br />

gamocana".<br />

`siyvaruli aRgvamaRlebs" _ Tqva rusTvelma da cisqveSeTs,<br />

ar smenia ufro didi sityva, rac kacs anugeSebs!<br />

სiyvaruli agvamaRlebs, suls agvinTebs gamwmendavi,<br />

wminda cecxliT, rom TviT RmerTze ufro maRla vigrZnoT Tavi."<br />

leqsis avtori siyvaruls marto trfobiTa da lamazi qalisadmi<br />

misamarTebiT ki ar Semofarglavs, aramed `siyvaruli sikeTea da sikeTe _<br />

kacTa Zmoba, is cnobadis wminda xea, gulTan­gulTa TanagrZnoba".<br />

poetis gagebiT, saerTod, siyvarulis cneba ganzogadebulia,<br />

siyvaruli yovel arsSia, qveynad yvelasa da yvelaferSia ganfenili.<br />

kacTa Zmobac urTierTsiyvarulia zogadad.<br />

leqsi `auxsneli gamocana" aseTi kiTxviTi winadadebiT iwyeba:<br />

`_aba miTxar, rad giyvarvar, an ra aris siyvaruli,<br />

an me xSirad uSenobiT rad mikrTeba ase ruli? _<br />

...<br />

ase mkiTxe da sayvarlad gamiyare TvalSi Tvali,<br />

guli cecxliT amiTrTole, guli isarganamsWvali..."<br />

poeti eZebs pasuxs, magram ver poulobs. amgvari ram gamudmebiT<br />

meordeba.<br />

54

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aRsaniSnavia, rom marTlac, yvela adamians ufiqria am kiTxvis<br />

pasuxze _ ra aris siyvaruli? pasuxi ki gamomdinare iqneba TiToeulis<br />

piradi gancdidan, magram pasuxis srulyofileba, albaT, arc arsebobs.<br />

siyvaruls ver Camoayalibeb azrebiT. azri ver wvdeba grZnobis simaRles.<br />

verc enis leqsikuri simdidre aRwers im gancdas, rasac Seyvarebuli<br />

guli grZnobs. amdenad pasuxi kiTxvaze, Tu ra aris siyvaruli,<br />

individualur gancdaTagan gamomdinare, mravalgvaroba adamianTa,<br />

bunebisa gansazRvravs siyvrulis mravalferovnebas. saukuneTa miRmidan<br />

genialurma rusTavelma gvikarnaxa, rom siyvaruli `aris turfa,<br />

sacodnelad Zneli gvari" da rogorc spetaki da wmidaTa­wmida grZnoba,<br />

gamoyo da ganarCia siZvisagan, romelic wuTier gatacebas emyareba. Tumca<br />

erTxel vardma `trfialiT damTvralma" wasCurCula Seyvarebulebs,<br />

amcno simarTle:<br />

`siyvaruli TviT gangebam Seqmna Cemi eSxisgana,<br />

da saxeli uwoda mas `auxsneli gamocana",<br />

mec mikiTxavs `raa trfoba?~ pasuxi mec miZebnia,<br />

molodinSi CamovmWknarvar da foTlebi damcvivnia!"<br />

poets mravali nar­ekali gadaRobebia siyvarulis gzaze. Zneli<br />

misaRwevia Seyvarebulis gulamde, rogorc yvavilTa Soris SeuZlia<br />

zogjer `mavne narsac ayvaveba", SesaZlebelia gulic aseve iyos da misi<br />

`baRCa uCinari yvavilobdes, magram iqve izrdebodes zizRis nari". da<br />

marTlac:<br />

`dro gavida, mag Tvalebma, Suqi sxvisken miaSures,<br />

sxva aanTes trfobis cecxliT, CemTvis siTbo daiSures, ­<br />

Seni fiqris yvavilebSi sxvis ocneba abulbulda,<br />

me ki civad Camomcildi, Cemi hangi Sen SegZulda".<br />

55<br />

(`nari")<br />

Seyvarebulebi Sordebian, rac TavisTavad did gulistkivils iwvevs.<br />

`Sen cils damwameb, damgmob, damwyevli, da me ki Sensas ver vityvi avsa~<br />

_ mimarTavs poeti satrfos leqsSi `gamecineba", bolos dadgeba iseTi<br />

dRec, rom vinme<br />

`mova da metyvis SeniT damtkbari:<br />

- bednieri var kocna maCuqa,

---

kocna pirveli grZnobiT gamTbari,<br />

beWedic momca, ­ netari vnebiT<br />

Rames vaTeTreb, ar meZineba,<br />

rad ar milocav?!"<br />

... da me pasuxad mware cremlebqveS<br />

gamecineba!"<br />

`dro damcinavi~ sxvadasxva gziT atarebs adrindel Seyvarebulebs<br />

da bolos, ukve mzegadasulebs, bedi isev Seaxvedrebs erTmaneTs. qals,<br />

yofil satrfos, poetis cnobac ki gauWirdeba. gaixseneben warsuls,<br />

magram urTierTganSorebis mizezze pasuxi ar moepovebaT.<br />

`risTvis davRupeT yrmobis samoTxe? _<br />

vis gadvuxadeT samagiero?~<br />

da TrTolviT ityvi:<br />

`­o, exlac miyvars!..."<br />

da gamoiwvdi CamomWknar xelebs,<br />

Tan sasoebiT warmoTqvam Cems gvars<br />

da SenTvis namRer leqsTa saxelebs..."<br />

leqsis finali kidev ufro dramatulad daZabulia. dakarguli<br />

siyvarulis sevdiT da adreuli mcdari ganSorebis SegrZnebiT hkiTxavs<br />

qali:<br />

`Sen mixval mgzavro? _ mec gamogyvebi,<br />

RvTis gulisaTvis, momeci neba!..."<br />

me ki Tavs davxri, qviTins davmalav<br />

da mwared, mwared gamecineba!...<br />

mere?... vin icis, iqneb namqerSi<br />

ipovon ori moxucis gvami:<br />

erTs albaT tuCze Rimi eqneba<br />

da meores ki TvalebSi nami!..."<br />

s. faSaliSvils xelewifeba lamazi Sairis gawyobac. `patara<br />

qalvaJiani" swored amisi dasturia. vaJs moewona qali, siyvaruls<br />

eficeba, colobas sTxovs. qali ar aris uarze, magram biWs met siTamames<br />

urCevs. bolos vaJi gaumxels Tavisi siRaribis ambavs, ris gamoc ver<br />

56

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edavda Tamam laparaks:<br />

vaJi: `magram me binac ar maqvs,<br />

qali:<br />

sxvis qoxSi vcxovrob calad,<br />

Tavi wvalebiT gamaqvs,<br />

sxvas vaZlev ofls da Ralas,<br />

rom vatarebde, gogov,<br />

vaJkacis saxels alals.<br />

o, eg marTali guli,<br />

qveynis qonebas mijobs,<br />

Tu wminda siyvaruli<br />

gsurs jildod momaniWo,<br />

zecam dRe mogces sruli<br />

modi, wamiyva biWo!"<br />

s. faSaliSvilis satrfialo poeziaSi erTgvari Semajamebeli<br />

daniSnulebisaa `siyvarulis filosofia", romelSic avtors adamiani<br />

bunebis nawilad hyavs warmodgenili. mas Tavze mze adgas gvirgvinad.<br />

adamiani, iseve rogorc garemomcveli buneba, sainteresoa Tavisi yofis<br />

TiToeul monakveTSi `Tavis sicocxliT da sikvdiliTa".<br />

iseve rogorc sicocxle da adamiani, siyvarulic maradiulia,<br />

sicocxlis maradiuloba calkeul adamianTa warmavlobaSia, am moZrav<br />

wreSi siyvaruli yovelJams arsebobs da sicocxlis maradiulobac<br />

siyvaruliTaa ganpirobebuli. wamiT rom daiSritos siyvarulis grZnoba<br />

adamianSi, wamiT rom SeCerdes siyvarulis zarebis rekva, maSin<br />

siyvarulisa da sicocxlis mze daibindeba, buneba gaiyineba. amdenad<br />

faSaliSvilis azriT, sicocxle, siyvaruli da adamiani bunebis nawilebi<br />

da am bunebis maradisobis sawindaria.<br />

poeti arasodes gaqcevia cxovrebis sirTuleebs. saqveyno<br />

oromtrialis miRma, romelSic CarTuli iyo s. faSaliSvili, `gasagebi<br />

xdeba, rom mwerlis SemoqmedebiT filosofias da mxatvrul sistemas,<br />

Tundac ubralod mis cxovrebas, adamianur, yoveldRiur cxovrebas qmnis<br />

siyvaruli _ mravlismomcveli, mravalwaxnagovani da ukvdavebasTan<br />

gadajaWvuli" (20, 9) . TiToeuli individi warmavalia da amitomac poetis<br />

57

---

miniSnebiT sicocxlis azri swored siyvarulSia:<br />

`mova erTi dRe, wava erTi dRe<br />

da miwis gulSi ferflad viwvebiT..."<br />

poetis rogorc Semoqmedebis, aseve cxovrebiseul devizad JRers am<br />

strofis damasrulebeli striqonebi:<br />

`maS, ra jandabad gvinda sicocxle,<br />

Tu siyvaruliT ar daviwvebiT?!.."<br />

aseTia poetiseuli siyvarulis filosofia.<br />

mokled, SeiZleba ase daxasiaTdes s. faSaliSvilis satrfialo<br />

lirika _ natifi da narnari, msubuqi riTma, ritmuloba _ saintereso<br />

ideur­Sinaarsobriv mxaresTan erTad misi leqsebis Semamkobeli niSnebia.<br />

amitom, poetis mravali leqsi iqca SesaniSnav qarTul simRerad.<br />

mkiTxveli sazogadoeba da gansakuTrebiT poeziis moyvarulni<br />

Tavidanve did pativiscemas gamoxatavdnen siko faSaliSvilisadmi. mis<br />

leqsebs swavlobdnen zepirad. s. SanSiaSvilis gadmocemiT `misi lirika<br />

maRal grZnobebzea aJRerebuli, sufTa da dawmendili qarTuli eniT...<br />

sruliad SemTxveviT Semxvedria vinme ucnobi da mas zepirad uTqvams<br />

sikos leqsi. es didi gamarjveba da saxelia poetisaTvis" (54). 6<br />

s. faSaliSvils mravali leqsi miuZRvnia rogorc gamoCenili<br />

istoriuli pirovnebebis, ise misi Tanamedrove saxelovani<br />

adamianebisTvisac.<br />

leqsebis erTtomeulSi avtors erT­erTi monakveTi ase<br />

dausaTaurebia: „tolebs da winaprebs". winaparTagan poetis kalami<br />

mkiTxvelis winaSe warmosaxavs daviT guramiSvilis, nikoloz<br />

baraTaSvilis, ilias, akakis, vaJas gigantur aCrdilebs. TanamedroveTagan<br />

poeti leqsebs uZRvnis da saqveyno samsaxurs uqebs giorgi leoniZes,<br />

sandro SanSiaSvils, marijans, Tamar WavWavaZes, ioseb griSaSvils, Sio<br />

mRvimels, romlebTanac gulTbili urTierToba da axlo megobroba<br />

akavSirebda.<br />

poeti ixsenebs da leqss uZRvnis aleqsandre griboedovs, romelic<br />

ara Tavis samSoblo ruseTSi, aramed mTawmindaze ganisvenebs qarTul<br />

miwaSi. amis gamo s. faSaliSvili ase mimarTavs did rus poets:<br />

`da ros udabur, ucxo cis qveS Suqi Cagiqra,<br />

58

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SenTvis Cvens baRSi Sekres dafna uWknob Tavelad,<br />

Sen Cvenma miwam dedasaviT gulSi Cagikra,<br />

rogorc ilia, akaki da vaJa­fSavela!"<br />

s. faSaliSvilma aseve guliTadi strofebi uZRvna gamoCenil somex<br />

poetebs ovanes Tumanians da `did varpets" - avetik isaakians.<br />

erTtomeulis amave nawilSi Setanilia avtoris `mosagonari<br />

saiaTnovas". poeti Sesabamisi leqsiT exmaureba Tavisi megobris v.<br />

sarajiSvilis gardacvalebis faqts, iqvea leqsebi `dimitri maCxaanelis<br />

saflavze", `kote marjaniSvilis gardacvalebaze", `eh, megobaro" (ir.<br />

evdoSvilis xsovnas) da mravali sxva.<br />

s. faSaliSvili didi gulisxmierebiTa da siyvaruliT Carxavs<br />

TiToeul striqons. yovel sityvas Tan axlavs gulis siTbo.<br />

wignis ukanaskneli Tavi daTmobili aqvs Targmanebs. erTtomeulSi<br />

Setanili Targmanebi mxolod mcire nawilia im didi mTargmnelobiTi<br />

muSaobisa, rac poets Cautarebia Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebis<br />

manZilze.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis lirikis gacnoba adasturebs, rom igi WeSmariti<br />

grZnobis poetia. xSiria SemTxvevebi, roca ama Tu im poetis leqsi<br />

saukeTeso mxatvruli saxeebisa da leqswyobis araCveulebriv nimuSebs<br />

gvaZlevs, magram daakvirdebi, gsurs garkveuli azri Camogiyalibdes maTi<br />

poeziis Rirebulebaze da xelT TiTqmis araferi grCeba, TiTqos<br />

`yvelaferi qaria da Cveneba", mxolod sityvebiT Jongliorobaa da ara<br />

grZnobisa da azris sinTezirebiT amoTqmuli mxatvruli<br />

saxe­ganzogadebani. s. faSaliSvilis SemTxvevaSi sapirispiro movlenas<br />

vxedavT. yovelive, rac leqsad gadmoRvenTila poetis sulidan, missave<br />

gulsa da sisxlSi gadaxarSula, namdvil grZnoba­gancdaTa salarodan<br />

amofrqveula da sxva rom araferi vTqvaT misi poeziis Sesafaseblad _<br />

marTali da guliTadi leqsebis saxeldebis ufleba namdvilad gvaqvs.<br />

rogorc Tavad misi pirovneba iyo naRdi, uRalato, da moamage qveynisa<br />

da erisa, misive leqsic aseve naRdi da uRalatoa. ra Temazec ar unda<br />

werdes mwerali, mxolod erTia misi Semoqmedebis laitmotivi _<br />

sinamdvile, sikeTe da siyvaruli gamosaxos mxatvrul aspeqtSi da ise<br />

miitanos mkiTxvelamde. igi TiTqos TiToeuli maTganis gulisTqmas<br />

59

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eufleba. sayovelTaod misawvdomi da gasagebi misi kargi qarTuli,<br />

mSvenieri ena, riTac gadmocemulia poetis azri ­ bunebrivia, laRi da<br />

xalasi.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis poezia saTanado mxatvruli donis matarebelia.<br />

SeiZleba, versifikaciul siaxleebze saubari zedmeti iyos, magram<br />

tradiciuli poeturi gemovneba mas namdvilad gaaCnia. misTvis ucxoa<br />

rogorc TeTri (uriTmo) leqsi, ise Tavisufali saleqso forma<br />

(verlibri). prof. a. nikoleiSvilis miniSnebiT literaturis SemoqmedTa<br />

erTi nawili, mwerlur tradiciaTa gansakuTrebiT pativismcemelni,<br />

Tvlidnen, rom es saleqso forma saerTod iyo miuRebeli da<br />

SeuTavsebeli movlena Cveni poeturi bunebisaTvis. (a. nikoleiSvili,<br />

`narkvevebi" t. VII, gv. 279). `tradiciaTa gansakuTrebiT pativismcemeli" s.<br />

faSaliSvilis leqsebi (arc erTis gamoklebiT) riTmuli da ritmulia.<br />

maTgan mravali mxatvruli RirebulebiT gamoirCeva. poeti, ZiriTadad,<br />

rogorc realisti, movlenebisa da faqtebis ufro bunebriv da<br />

praqtikul suraTebs warmogvidgens, vidre maralmxatvruli Rirebulebis<br />

poetur Sedevrebs. miuxedavad amisa, mravali leqsi, riTmebis simsubuqiTa<br />

da ritmulobiT, poeturi ostatobis nimuSs warmoadgens. poeti<br />

ZiriTadad jvaredin riTmebs iyenebs. mxatvrul efeqts iwvevs asonansebis<br />

absoluturi simravle, Tumca ara idealuri (majamuri) sizuste. zogierT<br />

leqsSi (`es iyo maSin", `aba ra vici") gvxvdeba araTanabarmarcvliani da<br />

araTanabarmaxviliani riTmebis zogierTi nimuSi. poetis mxatvrul<br />

azrovnebas amravalferovnebs SesaniSnavi tropebi, xSirad iyenebs<br />

metaforas, mimarTavs mxatvrul Sedarebebsa da gapirovnebebs (`miwa da<br />

varskvlavi", `harmonia bunebisa", `wuTisoflis stumars", `Semodgomis<br />

cav", `mrwamsad", `maS salami gazafxulo", `sasimRero"...). iSviaTia<br />

aliteraciebi. leqsi `TovlSi" gamoirCeva rogorc zomieri (majamuri),<br />

ise arazomieri riTmebiT. poetis sulieri gancdebis mxatvruli<br />

srulyofilebiT gamoirCeva leqsebi: `Rame ananurSi", `sanatreli<br />

cremlebi", `ukvdaveba", `zafxulis ukanaskneli saRamo" da sxva.<br />

60

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Tavi II<br />

siko faSaliSvilis dramaturgia da proza<br />

siko faSaliSvilma Tavisi samwerlo moRvaweobis arc Tu xanmokle<br />

drois manZilze mraval literaturul JanrSi gamoiCina Tavi. rogorc<br />

ukve iTqva, upirvelesad igi saintereso poetad mogvevlina.<br />

mwerlis mravalferovan SemoqmedebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs<br />

mogonebebs. avtori Tavisi TvaliT naxulsa da gancdils saukeTeso<br />

mxatvrul ferebs urCevs da zust SesabamisobaSi gadmogvcems<br />

mniSvnelovan epizodebs Tavisi droisa da ufrosi Taobis gamoCenil<br />

adamianTa cxovrebidan.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis Semoqmedebas amSvenebs mxatvruli narkvevebi, raSic<br />

cxadad moCans avtoris publicisturi mgznebareba.<br />

s. faSaliSvilma mniSvnelovani samsaxuri gauwia qarTul Teatrsa da<br />

kinodramaturgias. sxvadasxva dros scenaze idgmeboda misi piesebi, werda<br />

SesaniSnav scenarebs mxatvruli filmebisTvis.<br />

aseve, mweralma didi wvlili Seitana qarTuli iumoristuli<br />

literaturis gamdidrebisa da srulyofis saqmeSi. Jurnal `niangis~<br />

furclebze aTwleulebis manZilze ibeWdeboda s. faSaliSvilis<br />

satirul­iumoristuli nawarmoebebi.<br />

Znelia dabejiTebiT saubari imaze, garda poeziisa, romeli Janri<br />

hqonda mwerals ufro gaTavisebuli. originalur literaturul<br />

SemoqmedebasTan erTad, sayovelTao aRiarebas imsaxurebs misi<br />

maRalostaturi Targmanebic. s. faSaliSvilma mTargmnelobiT<br />

saqmianobaSi gansakuTrebiT gamoiCina Tavi. kritikosTa azriT,<br />

maRalostaturma Targmanebma mwerals didi aRiareba moutana.<br />

s. faSaliSvili iyo aqtiuri monawile 1920 wlis erTi gaxmaurebuli<br />

literaturuli polemikisac, romlis mTavari monawileni g. robaqiZe da<br />

i. griSaSvili iyvnen. sainteresoa siko faSaliSvilis kritikuli<br />

61

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mosazrebani qarTuli leqsTwyobis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiTac.<br />

yovel JanrSi, romelSic s. faSaliSvils umuSavnia, misTvis<br />

miuRebeli iyo zereleoba da indiferentizmi. guldasmiT amuSavebda<br />

TiToeul sakiTxs, rasac misi kalami unda Sexeboda. aqve aRsaniSnavia,<br />

rom mweralma mTeli Tavisi Segnebuli cxovrebis udidesi nawili<br />

saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis arsebobis pirobebSi gaatara. mis<br />

Tvalwin moxda ruseTis sami revolucia. gansakuTrebulad uaryofiTi<br />

STabeWdileba momaval mweralze mouxdenia 1905-1907 wlebis burJuaziul<br />

revolucias, romlis antisazogadoebrivma Sedegebma mis Wabukur suls<br />

mZime kvali daaCina da aSkarad uaryofiTi azri Seuqmna yovelgvari<br />

diqtatisa da Zalmomreobis mimarT. amas igi Tavisi politikuri<br />

mrwamsiTac aRiarebda, magram gamosavali ar Canda. komunisturi reJimis<br />

mier `moTvinierebuli~ mwerloba iZulebuli gaxda TvaldaxuWuls eqcia<br />

zurgi sinamdvilisTvis da sabWour `sikeTes" ziareboda. mwerlis<br />

zogierTi biografiuli monacemic migvaniSnebs imaze, Tu ramdenad<br />

mtkivneuli iyo misTvis 1921 weli, magram sabWoTa sinamdvile<br />

xelovnebis Tavisuflebas gamoricxavda da s. faSaliSvilmac Targmna<br />

`internacionali". rogorc mTargmnelobiTi xelovnebis ostati, igi<br />

respublikur konkursSi gamarjvebuli gamovida. mxolod mis mier<br />

Targmnili internacionali moiwona samTavrobo Jiurim da musikalurad<br />

igi sruldeboda saqarTveloSi sabWouri reJimis arsebobis mTel<br />

manZilze.<br />

mogonebaTa farTo cikli, publicistika, dramaturgia, polemikuri<br />

werilebi, maRalostaturi Targmanebi, ai, s. faSaliSvilis prozauli<br />

Semoqmedebis gavrcelebis areali.<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, swored Janrobrivi mravalsaxeoba da<br />

mravalferovneba ganapirobebs s. faSaliSvilis SemoqmdebiT saxes.<br />

a) dramaturgia<br />

qarTveli mkiTxveli sazogadoeba s. faSaliSvils icnobs, rogorc<br />

mravali dramaturgiuli nawarmoebis avtors. igi qarTul scenas<br />

62

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xangrZlivi SemoqmedebiTi drois manZilze emsaxura. man gaamdidra<br />

sasceno repertuari rogorc originaluri piesebiT, ise Targmnili<br />

dramebiTa da komediebiT. s. faSaliSvili dajildoebuli iyo xalasi<br />

iumoristuli niWiT da satirikosis didi unariT. mas mniSvnelovani<br />

wvlili aqvs Setanili qarTuli literaturis iumoristuli saxis<br />

ganviTarebaSi.<br />

dramaturgiis istoria Tavisi xandazmulobiT CamorCeba zogadad<br />

mxatvruli literaturis istorias, rac mkveTrad SeiniSneba ara marto<br />

qarTul, aramed msoflio literaturaSic.<br />

literaturuli da scenuri Tvisebebis Serwyma erTob rTuli<br />

procesia. i. WavWavaZis TqmiT, dramis Seqmna yvela sxvagvar poetur<br />

Txzulebaze Znelia. `drama... sulisa da gulis did Zvrazea asagebeli da<br />

asaSenebeli. metis­meti mWreli, meti­meti mxilavi niWi unda, metis-meti<br />

naTeli goneba, rom kaci miswvdes, Suqi ram mohfinos im saocars, im<br />

ucnaurs saidumloebas, romelsac adamianis sulisa da gulis Zvra hqvian,<br />

da romelic imdenad ufro did saidumlod gvevlineba, ramodenadac<br />

ufro axlo miuvalT" (58, 120).<br />

dramaturgiuli literaturis warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis<br />

SedarebiT xanmokle istoriisagan gansxvavebiT, sasceno warmodgenebi<br />

CvenSi Zvel droSive imarTeboda. gavrcelebuli yofila nadirobis Jams<br />

`saxiobis" warmodgena. rusTaveliseuli `mesame leqsic" ZiriTadad<br />

Teatralizebuli warmodgenisTvis iyo gankuTvnili. `Tanamedrove<br />

sityviT rom vTqvaT, rusTaveli `mesame leqsSi" dramaturgias<br />

gulisxmobs" (52, 14).<br />

Cvens mwerlobaSi qarTuli dramaturgiis monakveTi mwiri Cans.<br />

`qarTuli literaturis SedarebiT sust ubans mudam warmoadgenda<br />

dramaturgia. es garemoeba gansakuTrebiT XX s-is I aTwleulSi iCens<br />

Tavs" (41, 25). dramaturgiis CamorCenis sakiTxi sagangebo ganxilvis<br />

sagnadac ki qceula mweralTa kavSiris sxdomaze, rasac erTgvarad<br />

dadebiTi Sedegi mohyolia. Seiqmna im drois Sesabamisi axali<br />

nawarmoebebi. wina rigSi wamoiwia qarTuli soflis Tema, ra Tqma unda,<br />

sabWouri cxovrebis wesebTan misadagebuli. miuxedavad amisa, XX s-is 20-<br />

30-iani wlebi qarTuli dramaturgiis mainc winsvlis periodia.<br />

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aRniSnuli drois mniSvnelovani movlena aris isic, rom Teatri marto<br />

dramaturgiuli klasikiT aRar ikvebeba da `30­iani wlebidan ukve<br />

aSkarad gamoikveTa Tanamedroveobis amsaxveli Txzulebebi" (41, 25).<br />

erT-erTi pirvelTagani, vinc uaxlesi epoqis qarTul scenas<br />

originaluri piesebiT emsaxura siko faSaliSvili iyo. man, ise rogorc<br />

dramaturgTagan mravalma, scenaze sketCebiTa da vodevilebiT Sedga<br />

fexi. misi piesebi Cvens sazogadoebaSi Tavdapirvelad ara beWduri<br />

sityviT, aramed scenis saSualebiT gavrcelda. mxolod 50-iani wlebis<br />

meore naxevarSi daibeWda s. faSaliSvilis satiris, iumorisa da<br />

vodevilebis pirveli wigni `mxiaruli sarke", xolo 1962 w. `xelovnebam"<br />

gamoca meore, gadamuSavebuli da ufro vrceli `mxiaruli wigni".<br />

s. faSaliSvilis dramaturgiulma nawarmoebebma saTave daudo<br />

musikaluri komediis Teatris erovnul repertuars. gansakuTrebuli<br />

warmateba xvda reJisor m. Wiaurelis mier dadgmul piesas `saiqio",<br />

romelmac maSin sakavSiro daTvalierebaze pirveli adgili moipova.<br />

aseve, wamartebebi xvda piesebs _ `Tavi sizmarSi mgonia", `CaCanaki<br />

kakanaTSi". es ukanaskneli calke wignadac gamoica. ise, rogorc `axmedis<br />

pataki", `murTaz" da sxvebi. aRniSnuli piesebi wlebis manZilze ar<br />

Camosula qarTuli Teatris scenidan. dramaturgis gamarjvebad unda<br />

CaiTvalos misi scenaris mixedviT Sesrulebuli r. erisTavis piesa `jer<br />

daixocnen, mere iqorwines", romelic dRemde mayureblis did siyvaruls<br />

imsaxurebs.<br />

`mxiaruli wigni" moicavs mraval iumoristul novelasa da piesas.<br />

masSi avtors Setanili aqvs `Cemi gadramaturgebis Sesaxeb", `oTxi geo",<br />

`saagarako vnebani", `ukvanto sakvanto", `oqro kaci", `farsadani<br />

jojoxeTSi" da mravali sxva. zogierT piesaSi avtorma Zveli Tbilisis<br />

originaluri suraTi dagvixata. axal droSi Zveli kintoebisa da<br />

yaraCoxelebis gaxseneba avtoris xasiaTSi warsulis nostalgias<br />

warmoSobs. ai rogor iwyeba `sulikos mpovneli": `Tbilisis iarmukeli<br />

`RraJdaninebis" Zveli Taoba sabWoTa drom gamolia. maTi naSTebi<br />

TandaTan midian... qrebian da qveynisaTvis zedmeti bargi xdebian. es<br />

bunebrivia, magram farsadanis survilia am mimavali `xalxis", portretebi<br />

samuzeumod mainc Semounaxos axalgazrdobas..." (47, 45).<br />

64

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asri aRmoCnda s. faSaliSvidis kalami iumoristikaSi. mwerali or<br />

aTeul welze metxans muSaobda Jurnal `niangis~ pasuxismgebel mdivnad<br />

da saredaqcio kolegiis wevrad. es iyo mwerlisaTvis nayofieri muSaobis<br />

periodi satirisa da iumoris dargSi. man farsadanis gaxmaurebuli<br />

fsevdonimiT (rubrika - `farsadama Tqva" _ T. g.) `niangSi" aseulobiT<br />

iumoristuli werili gamoaqveyna. misi mravali piesa gaJRenTilia<br />

mwerlis Tanamedrove sazogadoebrivi yofis mankierebaTa mamxilebeli<br />

toniT, raSic `xelmarjved" swored satiras da iumors iyenebda.<br />

gansakuTrebiT Rimilis momgvrelia mravalstrofiani `wkeplaSewnuli"<br />

SarJebi nacnob-megobrebisadmi, kolegebisadmi, qarTuli mwerlobisa da<br />

xelovnebis warmomadgenlebisadmi. `bulbulebi saxelgamSi" kargad<br />

warmoaCens mweralTa cilobas `Cemi jobso", rac Tavis piks aRwevs<br />

honoraris miRebis drois moaxloebisas. leqsi erTob vrcelia,<br />

romelSic siko Sesaferisi epiTetebiT amkobs galaktions, ticians,<br />

paolos, alios, simons, sosos, karlos, or konstantines da sxvebs<br />

(16, saerTo #1-1984, f. 1).<br />

iumoristuli JReradobiTaa gamorCeuli leqsi `aqa zeimi xelovanTa<br />

sasaxleSi", romelic `niangis" iubiles eZRvneba. sadResaswaulod mosuli<br />

mwerlebi mTlad `gaiumoristdnen" da `niangkorebad" iqcnen. bolos:<br />

1984, f. 3).<br />

`amiT gasruldes saRamo, mSobi axali dilisa,<br />

romelman yovlni mweralni niangad moabiliza,<br />

moabiliza da Semdeg visac aqvs mwerlis anketa,<br />

niangis sadRegrZeloda yvela miiqca banketad" (16, saerTo #1-<br />

iqvea `farsadanis" rubrikisaTvis sikos xeliT Sesworebul<br />

­Selamazebuli Semdegi nabeWdi vrceli leqsi `kameCi myavda nikora,<br />

vaqebdi ara iyo ra", romelSic avtori `amaTraxebs" k. gamsaxurdias<br />

qedmaRlobisa da ukareblobisaTvis, riTac:<br />

`sababi momca farsadans Sememko gamsaxurdia,<br />

meqo mis baqi-buqoba da misi farTi-furTia" (16, saerTo #1-1984,<br />

f. 2) _ dasZens iumoristi dasasruls.<br />

`niangis" mkiTxveli mudam kmayofilebas ganicdida s. faSaliSvilis<br />

iumoristuli leqsebiTa da moTxrobebiT. `farsadanma Tqva" yvelasaTvis<br />

65

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sayvareli rubrika iyo.<br />

ucilobeli aRniSvnis Rirsia s. faSaliSvilis wvlili qarTuli<br />

kinosa da Teatris winsvlis saqmeSi. igi aris kinofilm `qeTo da kotes~<br />

scenaris avtori, romelic dramaturgma avqsenti cagarlis komedia<br />

`xanumas" interpretaciiT Seqmna. aRniSnuli kinofilmi Sors gascda<br />

rogorc qarTul, ise maSindel sabWoTa ekrans da sazRvargareTac didi<br />

mowoneba xvda wilad. reJisor vaxtang tabliaSvilis TqmiT, Tu didi<br />

xnis winaT gadaRebuli `qeTo da kote" aTeuli wlebis manZilze<br />

inarCunebda da inarCunebs mayureblis siyvaruls, amaSi gansakuTrebuli<br />

wvlili swored scenaris avtors miuZRvis.<br />

aq ar SevudgebiT `qeTo da kotes" ideis warmoSobis Sesaxeb<br />

Txrobas, arc im winaaRmdegobrivi garemos aRweras, rac filmis<br />

gadaRebasTan dakavSirebiT warmoiSva TviT kinostudiis mesveurTa mier.<br />

Tumca sainteresoa rogor warmoedgina reJisor vaxtang tabliaSvils<br />

momavali filmis saxe. misive TqmiT, aseTi stilis Teatraluri dadgma<br />

mas ukve gasceniurebuli hqonda `solomon isakiC mejRanuaSvilis" saxiT,<br />

magram kinosuraTi `qeTo da kote" mainc rTul samuSaod Seufasebia da<br />

rogorc erT-erT interviuSi (gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika", #127,<br />

2002 w.) aRniSnavs, saWirod miuCnevia mwerluri Careva da mamis<br />

(sasuliero piri iyo) rCeviT siko faSaliSvilisTvis miumarTavs.<br />

reJisoris TqmiT, siko Zveli Tbilisis saukeTeso mcodne iyo,<br />

araCveulebrivi gemovneba da sityvis maragi hqonda. `man aamaRla Cemi<br />

Canafiqri, meti Sinagani siTbo misca, rasac xedavT filmSi, es batoni<br />

sikos namuSevari gaxlavT". udavod gulwrfeli sityvebia. igi didma<br />

reJisorma mwerlis gardacvalebidan sami aTeuli wlis Semdeg Tqva.<br />

s. faSaliSvils aRniSnuli filmis scenarisTvis fonad gamouyenebia<br />

avqsenti cagarlis piesa `xanuma", romelic sxvadasxva dros idgmeboda<br />

Teatris scenaze, xolo misi kinoSi ekranizeba 1927 wels ganxorcielda.<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aRniSnul piesas Teatralizebam ufro gauTqva<br />

saxeli, vidre kinogadaRebam. am filmis mixedviT, odesRac didi memamule<br />

levan fantiaSvili, axla ukve xandazmuli da materialuradac<br />

dakninebuli, eZebs mdidar sacoles, raTa mdgomareoba gaiumjobesos. igi<br />

maWankals ugzavnis mdidar vaWar vaxvaxiZes da sTxovs qaliSvi;lis elos<br />

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xels. elos ki axalgazrda ilo uyvars. movlenebi komikurad<br />

warimarTeba da am saqmeSi Tavad fantiaSvils xeli moecareba.<br />

sagonebelSi Cavardnili ganrisxebuli Tavadi bolos iZulebulia mainc<br />

Seurigdes beds.<br />

s. faSaliSvilma `xanumas" interpretaciiT SeZlo ganaxlebuli<br />

suraTis warmodgena. mdidari Tbiliseli vaWari makari ocnebobs<br />

didkacobas dauaxlovdes da cdilobs vinme didgvarovans miaTxovos<br />

Tavisi mSvenieri qaliSvili qeTo. male maWankal qabatos meSveobiT<br />

makari maRali sazogadoebis wridan ipovis sasiZos _ xandazmul Tavad<br />

levans. qeTo sasowarkveTilebaSia, vinaidan mas uyvars Tavadi levanis<br />

Zmiswuli, axalgazrda kote. kotesac uyvrs qeTo. gansacdelis daZlevaSi<br />

maT daxmarebas aRmouCens qabatos Zveli metoqe maWankali xanuma.<br />

sapatarZlos sanaxavad misuli Tavadi levani erTob gawbilebuli rCeba.<br />

makaris noqrebis _ sikos da nikos daxmarebiT qeTo da kote moaswreben<br />

eklesiaSi misvlas da jvaris daweras. makari da gawbilebuli levani<br />

iZulebuli arian apation axalgazrdebs da Seurigdnen maT.<br />

filmis reJisori v. tabliaSvili ixsenebs, rom sikos aRniSnuli<br />

kinoscenari saguramoSi, ilias saxl-muzeumSi dauweria. Taviseburad<br />

saintereso yofila saguramoSi gatarebuli is erTi Tve, romlis<br />

ganmavlobaSic es scenari iwereboda. `dila Cemi iyo, me velaparakebodi<br />

baton sikos. igi yuradRebiT mismenda. pirveli saaTidan dro mas<br />

ekuTvnoda. es dro iwyeboda sityvebiT: `vaxtang, axla Tavi damanebe" (36,<br />

#110, anaw. 1, saqme 93, f. 1-2).<br />

saRamos ukve siko kiTxulobda saintereso epizodebs momavali<br />

filmis scenaridan. amis Semdeg saubari exeboda zogad sakiTxebs,<br />

mxiarulobdnen, kamaTobdnen... scenaris damTavrebis Semdeg zedazenze<br />

asvla dauTqvamT megobrebs.<br />

sijiutemde dasulma bejiTobam, rac uxvad momadlebuli hqonda<br />

sikos, Zveli Tbilisis zedmiwevniT codnam da maRalma mwerlurma<br />

profesionalizmma ganapiroba scenaris warmatebiT damTavreba erT TveSi.<br />

yvelaferi rigzea. xval zedazenze avlen. magram saocreba... 30 seqtembris<br />

Tbil saRamos daZinebulma megobrebma diliT did TovlSi gaiRviZes.<br />

~mivdivarT zedazenze batono siko? _ vekiTxebi sikos darwmunebuli<br />

67

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imaSi, rom uars metyoda. magram ara, gadaxeda Tovls, gaeRima da mere<br />

energiulad gadmomZaxa _ mogikvdeT biWi!... da xalisiT miarRvevda<br />

muxlamde moyril Tovls" (37, fondi #110, naw. 1, saqme 93, f. 2).<br />

am mxiarul notaze dasrulda `qeTo da kotes" kinoscenarze muSaoba.<br />

aRniSnuli scenariT ar amoiwureba s. faSaliSvilis damsaxureba<br />

qarTuli kinos winaSe. mis kalams ekuTvnis kinoscenarebi mxatvruli<br />

filmebisaTvis: `CanCqeris saidumlo", `argonavtebi" da `ali" (es<br />

ukanaskneli n. lomouris amave saxelwodebis moTxrobis mixedviT<br />

gadaRebuli filmisTvis), dokumenturi kinoscenarebi: `oqros mtevani" da<br />

`ganaxlebuli udabno". amave dros, man dawera araerTi libreto,<br />

romelTa umetesi nawili xelnaweris saxiTaa warmodgenili. maT Sorisaa<br />

vrceli libreto kinofilmisaTvis `baSi-aCuki". aseve libretoebi<br />

filmebisaTvis `cxra ubedureba" da `ase iwyeba cxovreba". es ukanaskneli<br />

n. fomiCevasTan TanaavtorobiT dauweria dramaturgs.<br />

s. faSaliSvili cnobilia rogorc SesaniSnavi xelovnebaTmcodne da<br />

Teatris kritikosi. igi arasodes yofila scenis aqtiori ostati, magram<br />

aqtualuria misi mosazrebani ama Tu im Teatraluri warmodgenis Sesaxeb.<br />

amis naTeli magaliTia vrceli recenzia speqtaklze `solomon isakiC<br />

mejRanuaSvili" (reJisori v. tabliaSvili). l. ardazianis romanis<br />

Teatraluri gardasaxva sikos gansakuTrebiT mowonebia, Tumca iqve<br />

ayalibebs mkafio SeniSvnebsac. kerZod, igi laparakobs naklze, romelic<br />

misi azriT, speqtaklma Tavidan ver aicila _ moqmedebaSi ar Cans xalxis<br />

progresuli ganwyobilebani. am naklis Sevsebas ver axerxebs<br />

`TergdaleulTa" _ e. i. aleqsandre raindiZis da misi megobrebis roli.<br />

isini, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, fragmentulia, uaresSi ki TiTqmis imave<br />

qarafSuta, gadagvarebuli wodebis orbitaSia moqceuli da maCanCalis<br />

rolSi gamodis. maTi deklaraciuli gancxadebebi damajerebeli ver aris.<br />

xolo maTi protestantoba, dekabristebisadmi TanagrZnoba, ufro<br />

mwignobrul STabeWdilebas tovebs. Cveni Tergdaleulebi ki aseTebi<br />

rodi iyvnen. es, sikos azriT, am saucxood dadgmuli speqtaklis<br />

mTavari da sakmaod saziano naklicaa.<br />

meore mizezad siko asaxelebs zogierTi rolis interpretacias _<br />

mejRanuaSvilis ojaxi. solomon isakiCi `pirvel moqmedebaSi CarCi _<br />

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gonebamaxvili gadamyidveli, fulze loculobs. misi mogeba advilad<br />

SeuZlia. magram SeuZlebelia aseTi kaci wlebis manZilze ar<br />

dainteresebuliyo, Tu ramdeni oqro hqonda" (14, saqme 28649-1, f. 2).<br />

s. faSaliSvili aRniSnavs, rom l. ardazianisTvis, rogorc<br />

mwerlisTvis, es TxrobiTi saSualebaa, xolo sasceno moqmedeba sxva<br />

praqtikas moiTxovs. Semdeg xdeba uecari feriscvaleba da<br />

mejRanuaSvils veRar cnobT _ mSvenivrad msjelobs, Tavis axal<br />

mdgomareobasac sakmaod iferebs, maRal sazogadoebasac egueba. coli da<br />

qaliSvili bolomde SezRudul adamianebad rCebian, ver grZnoben<br />

TavianTi gaaristokratebis Zalas da erTgvarad romantikosebadac<br />

gamoiyurebian.<br />

mayurebelze damajerebel STabeWdilebas ver axdens Tamaris<br />

sikvdili. mayureblamde ver midis scena mejRanuaSvilebis sufraze<br />

Tavadis mier Wiqis garecxvisa, rac sainteresod gaazrebul moqmedebaSi<br />

rebusiviT Cans, amitom moiTxovs sityvier xazgasmas. aseve rTulad<br />

gamosacnobia elenes (v. anjafariZe ­ s. f.) mier al. WavWavaZis leqsis<br />

warmoTqma. leqsi mSvenieria, magram sadResaswaulod Seuferebeli. v.<br />

anjafariZis deklamaciamac ver miiyvana igi saSualo mayureblamde.<br />

s. faSaliSvili mianiSnebs, rom umjobesi iqneboda al. WavWavaZis<br />

`siyvarulo, Zalsa Sensa" an `SeqcevisaTvis" yofiliyo CarTuli<br />

moqmedebis msvlelobaSi.<br />

miuxedavad am SeniSvnebisa, sikos azriT, speqtakli mainc mSvenieria,<br />

reJisorulad saucxood gaazrebuli, mdidari dekoraciebiT, plastikiT...<br />

yovelive erTxmad metyvelebs axalgazrda reJisoris utyuar gemovnebaze,<br />

recenzentis daskvniT, speqtakli sasixarulo Senamatad unda miviCniod<br />

Cveni TeatrisTvis.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis azriT, erTob rTul saqmes warmoadgens<br />

`mejRanuaSvilis" gasceniureba. igi ufro aRweriTi xasiaTis romania da<br />

moqmedebiT dinamiurobas TiTqmis savsebiT moklebuli. romani<br />

Semofarglulia Cvens qveyanaSi CarCuli cxovrebis wesis _ dagrovebis _<br />

TematikiT. CvenSi aseTi sul ori klasikuri nawarmoebi moipoveba _<br />

`pirveli nabiji" da `mejRanuaSvili".<br />

s. faSaliSvili siamovnebiT aRniSnavs axalgazrda reJisoris mier<br />

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omanis piesad gadakeTebisas mravali epizodis sasceno<br />

ganwyobilebisaTvis mizanSewonil daqvemdebarebas. yoveli wvrilmanis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT Seqmnilia mejRanuaSvilis mdidari personaJi, `rac<br />

garkveul Teatralur efeqturobas hmatebs speqtakls da<br />

monumentalobamde ahyavs igi. am personaJis xasiaTebis Camoyalibeba,<br />

romanisaTvis axlad Senamati situaciebis fonze maTi gamoxatva, piesis<br />

Sinaarssac zrdis da am Sinaarsis reliefurad Cvenebis saSualebasac<br />

iZleva" (14, saqme 28649-1, f. 2).<br />

s. faSaliSvili Teatralurma sazogadoebam gaicno ara marto<br />

originaluri piesebis avtorad, aramed kalamze melanSeuSrobel<br />

mTargmnel-improvizatoradac. unda iTqvas, rom qarTuli Teatri<br />

yovelTvis ganicdida originaluri dramatuli nawarmoebebis simwires,<br />

amitom maT repertuarSi didi adgili daikava ucxouridan Targmnili<br />

dramatuli nawarmoebebis gasceniurebam.<br />

pirvel rigSi unda aRiniSnos Seqspiris komediebis gadmoqarTuleba<br />

s. faSaliSvilis mier. qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis didi xania cnobilia<br />

Seqspiris dramebi, tragediebi. magram misi `brwyinvale komediebi TiTqos<br />

CrdilSi rCeboda, qarTulad maTi Targmna da scenaze warmodgena<br />

didxans veravin iTava... Seqspiris komediebis Targmnas sistematurad<br />

mxolod Cvenma Tanamemamulem, cnobilma qarTvelma poetma siko<br />

faSaliSvilma mohkida xeli..." (55) _ gadmogvcems siRnaRis adgilobrivi<br />

gazeTis korespondenti n. SarmiaSvili.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis mier Targmnilia `Wirveulis morjuleba", `meTormete<br />

Rame", `Secdomebis komedia" da sxva. aRniSnul Targmanebs maRal<br />

Sefasebas aZleven rogorc misi Tanamedroveni, ise Semdgomi drois<br />

kritikosebi (s. faSaliSvilis mier Targmnili `Wirveulis morjuleba"<br />

Setanilia Seqspiris TxzulebaTa xuTtomeulis unikaluri gamocemis<br />

(1983 w.) I tomSi _ T. g.). n. SarmiaSvilis mier gamoqveynebul mcire<br />

moculobis sagazeTo werilSi `siko faSaliSvilis Targmanebi"<br />

citirebulia Salva dadianis mier gamoTqmuli aseTi mosazreba:<br />

`Seqspiris gamoCenili mTargmnelis ivane maCablis Targmanebi Seicaven<br />

mxolod Seqspiris tragediebs, amitom TavisTavad did movlenad unda<br />

CavTvaloT misi komediebis Targmna. s. faSaliSvilis Targmani<br />

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RirsSesaniSnavia swored imiTac, rom igi maCablis Targmanebis Rirsebis<br />

simaRleze dgas da rac aRsaniSnavia, Targmnilia pirdapir<br />

inglisuridan". iqve vkiTxulobT, rom Seqspiris komediebis s.<br />

faSaliSviliseul Targmanebs maRali Sefaseba misces g. leoniZem, i.<br />

griSaSvilma, prof. d. benaSvilma, prof. s. iordaniSvilma, i. tatiSvilma,<br />

kritikosebma p. keSelavam da g. nadiraZem. TiToeuli maTgani aRniSnul<br />

Targmanebs qarTuli metyvelebis saukeTeso nimuSad da i. maCablis mier<br />

damkvidrebuli brwyinvale tradiciis Rirseul gagrZelebad miiCnevs. i.<br />

griSaSvilis TqmiT s. faSaliSvilis `Wirveuli colis morjuleba"<br />

qarTulad ise JRers rogorc ivane maCablis `hamleti" da `otelo".<br />

`aRsaniSnavia, rom `Wirveulis colis morjuleba" qarTulad ramdenjerme<br />

iTargmna. Tavis droze igi kote mesxma rusulidan Targmna, xolo v.<br />

aleqsi-mesxiSvilma 1895 wels dadga qarTul scenaze. igive TargmaniT<br />

piesa 1903 wels akaki wereTelma dadga. arsebobs a. imedaSvilis<br />

Targmanic, romlis mixedviTac `Wirveulis morjuleba" WiaTuris muSaTa<br />

Teatris scenaze daidga 1937 wels. 1942 wels mozard mayurebelTa<br />

qarTulma Teatrma warmoadgina s. wereTlis mier Targmnili igive piesa.<br />

es komedia Targmnili hqonda agreTve kote mayaSvils, magram es Targmani<br />

dakargulia" (56. 402).<br />

s. faSaliSvils `Wirveulis morjuleba" uTargmnia inglisuri enisa<br />

da Seqspiris SesaniSnavi mcodnis erekle tatiSvilis pwkarediT. am<br />

Targmanis mixedviT aRniSnuli komedia pirvelad daidga 1943 wels goris<br />

TeatrSi, xolo momdevno wels `marjaniSvilis Teatrma ganaxorciela am<br />

komediis yvelaze ufro cnobili qarTuli dadgma" (reJisori S.<br />

RambaSiZe), romelic aTi wlis manZilze ar Camosula scenidan. aseTive<br />

warmateba xvda wilad `meTormete Rames" rusTavelis TeatrSi. `orive<br />

Targmani `saxelgamma" 1948 wels qarTulad Targmnil Seqspiris rCeul<br />

nawarmoebTa krebulSi Seitana.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis mier inglisuri komediebis gadmoqarTuleba marto<br />

SeqspiriT ar amoiwureba. man maRalostaturad Targmna me-18 saukunis<br />

gamoCenili dramaturgis henri fildingis `mosamarTle maxeSi", romelic<br />

ara mxolod inglisisa da dasavleT evropis Teatralur scenebze<br />

idgmeboda sistematurad, aramed didi popularobiT sargeblobda rusul<br />

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scenazec, sadac fildingis aRiareba puSkinis, belinskisa da CerniSevskis<br />

droidanve momxdara.<br />

s. faSaliSvils aRniSnuli komediis Targmna ukisria k.<br />

marjaniSvilis saxelobis akademiuri Teatris direqtoris davalebiT 1955<br />

wels. misi dadgma ganuxorcielebia axalgazrda reJisors ramaz<br />

Wiaurels (Svili mixeil Wiaurelis _ T. g.). siko, rogorc misi<br />

Canawerebidan vgebulobT, ukmayofilo darCenila reJisuris xarisxiT.<br />

axalgazrda reJisori metad Tamamad mopyrobia fildingis teqsts da<br />

misi `moswrebuli sityva jerovnad ver miawoda scenidan mayurebels, ver<br />

daZaba sazogadoebis yuradReba Sesaferisad". \ (14, saqme #28648-69, f. 2).<br />

mas uadgilodac ki Seumoklebia dasis mier mowonebuli Targmani da misi<br />

daJinebuli TxovniT zogierT scenaSi Tanamderove iumoristuli azrebi<br />

Seutania, rac fildingiseul stils dascilda da komediamac dahkarga<br />

Tavisi maRali Rirebuleba.<br />

h. fildingis `mosamarTle maxeSi", rogorc axali Zalebis iniciativa,<br />

mayurebels jerovani interesiTac ki miuRia, magram es interesi male<br />

ganelebula, radgan meTvramete saukunis ganwyobilebaSi Tanamedroveoba<br />

iqna wamoweuli wina rigSi. amitom speqtaklma Tavis gatana veRar<br />

moaxerxa. man `mxolod erT sezons gasZlo" da rogorc ityvian, `Cavarda".<br />

komediis mTargmneli imedovnebda, rom fildingis komedias<br />

gamouCndeboda patronad iseTi reJisori, romelic misi avtoris maxvil<br />

satirul sityvas ar daaZvelebda da Rirseuladac gaacocxlebda mas.<br />

siko faSaliSvilma Targmna didi espaneli poetis da dramaturgis<br />

lope de vegas SesaniSnavi komedia `cekvis maswavlebeli~, romelic 1947<br />

wels daidga k. marjaniSvilis saxelobis akademiuri Teatris scenaze.<br />

speqtaklma Teatris SesaniSnavi koleqtivi SemoqmedebiTi cecxliT aanTo,<br />

xolo mayureblisaTvis mouwyenel, mgznebare sanaxaobad iqca.<br />

Targmanis winaTqmaSi vkiTxulobT: `feliqs lope de vega karpia<br />

TiTqmis oTxnaxevari saukunea, rac gansakuTrebuli siyvaruliT<br />

sargeblobs da mudam saintereso nawarmoebebiT axalisebs yvela<br />

kulturuli qveynis Teatris repertuars. misi saocari komediebis<br />

msubuqi stili, moulodneli sasceno situaciebi, cxovrebiseuli<br />

xasiaTebi da nawarmoebebSi gaTvaliswinebuli realisturi<br />

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ganwyobilebebi uZvelebel da cocxal nakadad iWreba TiTqmis yvela<br />

droisa da Taobis Teatralur sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi" (14, saqme<br />

#28649-70, f. 1). aRniSnuli amonaridi migvaniSnebs, rom s. faSaliSvili<br />

mxolod Targmnis xelovnebas ki ar aris dauflebuli, aramed igi Rrmad<br />

swvdeba mwerlis SemoqmedebiT samyaros, kargad icnobs epoqisaTvis<br />

damaxasiaTebel niSan-Tvisebebs, aRniSnuli mwerlis irgvliv<br />

gamoqveynebul masalebs. lope de vegas `bunebis saocrebas~ uwodebda<br />

TviT servantesi. s. faSaliSvilis TqmiT, igi marTlac mravali dargis<br />

amsaxvelia _ Semoqmedi dramaturgi, poeti, `didi armadis" mebrZoli<br />

mxedari, espanel didebulTa `saqmis kacobiT" ganTqmuli mRvdeli da<br />

Cvenamde moRweuli versiiT TviT inkviziciis msaxurad namyofic, magram<br />

cxovrebis yvela dargs zemoCamoTvlil garemoTa amsaxveli misi<br />

dramaturgia, gansakuTrebiT komediografia, mravalmxrivsa da<br />

Tanamedroveobamde moyvanils warmoadgens.<br />

lope de vega ori aTasi piesisa da sxva Janris Teatralur<br />

nawarmoebTa avtori yofila, romelTagan 400-ze meti Cveni drois<br />

biblioTeka-arqivebma Semoinaxa. isini am saocari avtoris<br />

mravalferovnebasa da udides ganswavlulobaze metyveleben. Zalze<br />

axlobeli gaxda lope de vegas piesebi qarTveli mayureblisTvisac. arc<br />

Tu iSviaTad estumreba xolme Cvens scenas `Tivaze mwolare ZaRli",<br />

`mebaRis mwevari" da sxva (rusul Teatrs gacilebiT mdidari repertuari<br />

moepoveba).<br />

`cekvis maswavleblis" qarTulad gasceniurebis organizebas rom<br />

axorcielebda, k. marjaniSvilis Teatris samxatvro xelmZRvanelobam<br />

(direqtori ivane gvinCiZe) s. faSaliSvili miiwvia aRniSnuli komediis<br />

saTargmnelad. nawarmoebi leqss warmoadgens da rusul enazedac asevea<br />

Targmnili. rogorc siko gadmogvcems, aRniSnuli piesa metad<br />

temperamentiani, cocxali, Tanamdrove stiliT gamarTuli leqsi,<br />

SesaniSnavi filosofiur­didaqtikuri komedia, momxiblavi iumoriT<br />

Sezavebuli nawarmoebia, romlis sasceno gansaxierebam, bunebrivia,<br />

moiTxova Zveli espanuri tanisamosi da grimebi, sxvamxriv warmodgena<br />

Tanamedroved gamoiyureba. maSasadame, misi Targmna dafiqrebas, dros da<br />

stilis seriozul gaTvaliswinebas moiTxovda. sikos xuTi Tve<br />

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mouTxovia Targmanis srulyofisaTvis. magram Teatris xelmZRvanelobas<br />

da mTel dass aRniSnuli piesa meore Tvis repertuarSi hqoniaT<br />

Setanili da yoveli RoniT Seecadnen Targmanis daCqarebas da pirveli<br />

moqmedebis 3-4 dReSi Cabarebas, raTa umalve Sesdgomodnen repeticias.<br />

erTi Tvec ki ar misces samuSaod mTargmnels. raRa gaewyoboda. sikos<br />

maSinve gamouyves samuSao magida direqtoris kabinetSi da scenaze<br />

sarepeticiod gasul msaxiobebs zedized awvdida `cekvis maswavleblis"<br />

axlad Sesrulebul xelnawer, gadauTeTrebel Targmans. sikos<br />

Sromismoyvareobam nayofi gamoiRo. arc erTi repeticia ar Cavardnila<br />

da diaxac gamarTuli muSaoba midioda... marTali yofila `gaWirveba<br />

miCveneo..." `gaWirveba" iyo xaTri da mowadineba, ramac ganzraxulis<br />

keTilad dagvirgvinebamde migviyvana da aRTqmuli honorari ki gazrdil<br />

jildodac miqcia" _ Tqva s. faSaliSvilma Targmanis dasrulebis Semdeg.<br />

Sedga brwyinvale speqtakli _ erT-erTi saamayo Teatris dasisTvis.<br />

mravali sezonis ganmavlobaSi `cekvis maswavlebeli" amSvenebda<br />

marjaniSvilis Teatris scenas. iqidan, garkveuli wlebis Semdeg,<br />

speqtaklma saqarTvelos sxvadasxva qalaqebSi gadainacvla.<br />

`cekvis maswavleblis" Semdeg s. faSaliSvilma imave wels (1955)<br />

Targmna frangi dramaturgis Jan pol sartris piesa `umanko mruSi",<br />

romelic warmatebiT idgmeboda Teatraluri institutis scenaze. am<br />

piesis pirveli moqmedeba da ukanaskneli moqmedebis safinalo suraTi<br />

CarTulia montaJis wesiT. igi warmoadgens J. p. sartris mier amave piesis<br />

mixedviT daweril kinoscenar `prostitutkas" saeqspozicio da safinalo<br />

epizodebis gasceniurebas mTargmnelis mier. s. faSaliSvils ekuTvnis<br />

rogorc Targmani, aseve teqstis montaJi.<br />

ufro adre, 1943 wels s. faSaliSvilma Targmna sergei antonovis<br />

piesa `Cveni axalgazrdoba". piesa warmodgens oTxmoqmedebian dramas.<br />

idgmeboda mozard mayurebelTa TeatrSi.<br />

aRniSvnis Rirsia amerikeli dramaturgis uiliam diubuas oTx<br />

suraTad warmodgenili sammoqmedebiani piesa `haiti". u. diubua mravali<br />

dramatuli nawarmoebis avtoria. maT Soris `haiti" gansakuTrebuli<br />

mniSvnelobisaa. igi iTargmna 1953 w.<br />

qarTuli scenis Senamatad aseve iqca sikos mier Targmnili `vai<br />

74

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Wkuisagan".<br />

1955w. s. faSaliSvilma Targmna o. dunaevskis opereta `laRi qari",<br />

romelic oTx moqmedebad da xuT seriad iqna warmodgenili.<br />

aseve aRsaniSnavia espaneli diumanua de danneris `don sezar de<br />

bazani" _ xuTmoqmedebiani drama.<br />

yovelive zemoaRniSnuli naTeli dadasturebaa imisa, rom `siko.<br />

faSaliSvilis mSvenieri Targmanebis wyalobiT Seiqmna qarTuli Teatris<br />

bevri RirsSesaniSnavi speqtakli" (57). man gaafarTova qarTuli<br />

dramaturgiis Tvalsawieri, garkveuli impulsi SesZina mis ganviTarebas.<br />

siko faSaliSvilma SesaSuri ostatobiT gadmoaqarTula mravali<br />

mxatvruli Sedevric. maT Soris: oles gonCaris romani `medroSeni", hans<br />

leberextis vrceli moTxroba `sinaTle koordSi". g. leoniZesTan da s.<br />

gorgaZesTan erTad Targmna osuri poeturi eposi `narTebi". rogorc<br />

obieqturi, ise subieqturi mizezebiTac gauqmda mweralTa kavSiris<br />

mTargmnelobiT seqciasTan gaformebuli xelSekruleba, romlis ZaliTac<br />

qarTvel mkiTxvels unda exila mixeil Soloxovis `wynari donis" siko<br />

faSaliSviliseuli Targmani.<br />

siko faSaliSvilis, rogorc mTargmnelis maRalostatobaze<br />

metyvelebs erTi aseTi faqtic ­ 1921 wels saqarTveloSi sabWoTa<br />

xelisuflebis damyarebis pirvel dReebSi axladSeqmnilma<br />

politganaTlebis sammarTvelom `internacionalis" saukeTeso<br />

TargmanisaTvis konkursi gamoacxada. mowveul iqna SemoqmedebiTi jgufi<br />

_ v. gafrindaSvili, s. euli, g. leoniZe, g. cecxlaZe, g. robaqiZe, S.<br />

dadiani, s. faSaliSvili...<br />

Seadgines specialuri komisia - Jiuri (Tavmjdomare s. euli, mdivani<br />

g. leoniZe).<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli iyo Targmnili teqstis Sesabamis musikasTan<br />

misadageba. amitom Jiuris SemadgenlobaSi miiwvies kompozitori d.<br />

arayiSvili da musikosi, vinme Zveli bolSeviki sayvareliZe.<br />

mTargmnelebs dauriges remingtonze gadabeWdili rusuli teqsti.<br />

Targmanebis wardgenis Semdeg ramdenjerme gaimarTa TaTbiri. Jiuri s.<br />

faSaliSvilis Targmanze SeCerda `rogorc `internacionalis" musikasTan<br />

da rusul dedanTan ufro miaxloebulze... maSindeli revkomis<br />

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dadgenilebiT... aRniSnuli Jiuris mier miRebuli `internacionalis"<br />

Targmani qarTul enaze savaldebulo Sesasruleblad iqna<br />

gamocxadebuli" ( 14, saqme #28647-335-7, f. 1-2).<br />

saerTod, s. faSaliSvilis mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweoba calke Sesaswavli<br />

Sromatevadi sakiTxia, magram Cven saWirod vcaniT Tundac ase<br />

fragmentulad warmogvesaxa igi, raTa warmodgena gvqonoda, Tu raoden<br />

mravalmxrivi da mravalferovania mwerlis mier ganvlili SemoqmedebiTi gza.<br />

b) memuarebi<br />

siko faSaliSvili, rogorc aRvniSneT, mravalmxrivi Semoqmedia. es<br />

mravalmxrivoba mis erudiciasa da did SemoqmedebiT potenciaze<br />

migvaniSnebs. gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis matarebelia s. faSaliSvilis<br />

memuaruli memkvidreoba. mweralma dagvitova SesaniSnavi mogonebani.<br />

mxatvrul­istoriuli literaturis es umniSvnelovanesi Janri CvenSi arc<br />

Tu Zalian fexmokidebulia. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTuli mwerloba<br />

memuaruli literaturis siRaribes ganicdis. d. meluas erTi sagazeTo<br />

werilis mixedviT, xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi TiTo­orola<br />

nimuSis gamosvla aminds ver qmnis. aseTi xasiaTis nawarmoebebis beWdvas<br />

TiTqos Tavsac aridebdnen qarTuli gamomcemlobebi. arada, maTi<br />

SemecnebiTi Rirebuleba umniSvnelovanesia da araviTar propagandas ar<br />

saWiroebs. `is Canawerebi, romlebic Cvenma klasikosma mwerlebma Tu<br />

sazogado moRvaweebma dagvitoves didi xnis winaT, daistamba da axla<br />

bibliografiuli iSviaToba gaxda" (19).<br />

qarTul mwerlobaSi memuaruli Janris simwiris gamo, igive avtoris<br />

mixedviT, ar arsebobs am xasiaTis nawarmoebTa gamocemis tradicia da<br />

amdenad, arc praqtika. miuxedavad amisa, s. faSaliSvilis memuarebi<br />

klasikur nimuSebamde maRldebian. SesaniSnavi mwerluri stili, xatovani<br />

ena da lakonuri daxasiaTebani sasiamovno sakiTxavs xdis mis mogonebaTa<br />

wigns, romelsac avtorma `dauviwyari Sexvedrebi" (gamomcemloba<br />

`nakaduli", Tb. 1966 w.) uwoda. `dauviwyari Sexvedrebi" warmoadgens<br />

manamde ramdenime wliT adre gamocemul s. faSaliSvilis memuarebis<br />

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wignis `Sexvedrebi dauviwyar adamianebTan" gadamuSavebul da Sevsebul<br />

gamocemas.<br />

s. faSaliSvili Tavisi bavSvobisa da Wabukobis TavgadasavalTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, realurad aRgviwers imdroindeli qarTuli soflis<br />

cxovrebis suraTebs. Tvalwin gvicocxlebs im saintereso da dauviwyar<br />

adamianTa saxeebs, romlebsac igi Sexvedria Tavisi cxovrebis gzaze.<br />

wignSi avtori Rrma siyvaruliTa da usazRvro mowiwebiT mogviTxrobs<br />

akakis da vaJas, Tedo razikaSvilis, irodion evdoSvilis, daviT<br />

kldiaSvilis, kote mayaSvilis, vano sarajiSvilis da sxvaTa cxovrebisa<br />

da moRvaweobis saintereso epizodebs.<br />

mkiTxvelma sazogadoebam didi siyvaruliT miiRo s. faSaliSvilis<br />

`dauviwyari Sexvedrebi". am wignis gamosvlis Semdeg mwerals mkiTxvelTa<br />

araerTi samadlobeli werili miuRia. periodul presaSic gamoqveynda<br />

ramdenime statia, romelTa avtorebi maRal Sefasebas aZleven memuarebis<br />

wigns.<br />

aRniSnuli memuarebis gamoqveynebidan male avtors vrceli weriliT<br />

gamoexmaura maCxaanis mkvidri mixeil CirikaSvili. ai, ras wers igi: „siko!<br />

me arc mwerali var da arc kritikosi... me minda mxolod wrfeli<br />

madloba gadagixado im uaRresad didi siamovnebisaTvis, rac momaniWa am<br />

wignis wakiTxvam. raRac bevri ram aris axlobeli, gulTan motanili.<br />

albaT amitom aRmeZra survili gamobaasebisa" (14, saqme 28650-96, f.1).<br />

werili, rogorc vTqviT, vrcelia da mraval sakiTxze amaxvilebs<br />

yuradRebas. zog rameSi ar eTanxmeba mwerals. magram, rac mTavaria,<br />

werilis avtori tkbeba nacnobi adgilebis mxatvruli aRweriT. TiTqos<br />

axla aexila Tvali da axleburad dainaxa qiziyis mindor­velebi da<br />

garemomcveli buneba.<br />

aRniSnuli wignis gamocemas gamoexmaura rusulenovani presa<br />

saqarTveloSi _ gazeTebi `Заря Востока" da `Вечерный Тбилиси".<br />

memuarebis wignTan dakavSirebiT s. faSaliSvilisadmi gagzavnil<br />

werilSi Tbiliseli pedagogi da mwignobari, qalbatoni margarita<br />

markovnikova, wers: `Я очень редко читала произведения, в которых так любовно,<br />

так живо, с таким мастерством предстает перед нами наше прошлое, предстают как<br />

живые наши великие предки.<br />

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Спасибо вам, мой дорогой за хорошие минуты, которые я пережила, читая ваш<br />

ценный труд" (14, saqme 28650-92, f. 1).<br />

mogonebaTa seriali ixsneba saTauriT `dReni Cemi cxovrebisa~.<br />

avtori sakuTari warsulis TxrobaSi moxdenilad urTavs sxvadasxva<br />

dros naxulsa da gagonils. iqve, mravalfer gamaSi, warmogvidgens Tavisi<br />

mSobliuri kuTxis umSvenieres suraTebs, saidanac TvalnaTliv sacnobia<br />

misi udidesi siyvaruli mSobeli mxaris mimarT. rasakvirvelia, mxolod<br />

mogoneba ar aris is, rac avtors am wignis dasawyis TavSi Seutania. esaa<br />

poeturad aRwerili gancdebi imisa, rac aucileblad unda yofiliyo<br />

gazafxulze kaxeTSi ­ mziT, mercxlebiT, vaziT dayursul mxareSi.<br />

s. faSaliSvili xanSi Sesuli mwerlis xeliT aRwers balRuri<br />

grZnobiT mier aRqmulsa da gancdils. igi usazRvro siyvaruliTaa<br />

dakavSirebuli bavSvobis drosTan, Tavis kuTxesTan, sofelTan. marTlac,<br />

ra unda hyvareboda mwerals im xanaze ufro metad, saidanac iwyeba misi<br />

sicocxle, adamianoba, moqalaqeoba, xalxis siyvaruli. mravali monakveTi<br />

am wignisa mxatvruli ganzogadebis SesaniSnavi nimuSia:<br />

`miyvars aRmzrdeli qveyana, miyvars Cemi kuTxis madli da javari,<br />

misi yanis bibini, yurZnis RudRudi, misi verxvian­muxnariani tyeebis<br />

Sriali da almasis CanCqerebis Sxuili, misi wyaroebis rakraki, cis<br />

silurje, varskvlavebis cimcimi, misi asfera cisartyelebi da siRrmemde<br />

gulis SemZravi Weqa­quxili, miyvars misi yvavilebis uTvalavi feradebi,<br />

mTvarisa da mzis oqro­vercxli da ena, Cveni mdidari, darbaiseli,<br />

cecxliviT mgznebare da sasoebasaviT monarnare qarTuli ena!<br />

mommadle, bunebav, am siyvarulis uWknobi qnari!.." (43, 9).<br />

zemomotanili amonaridi da kidev mravali monakveTi am wignisa<br />

gvafiqrebinebs, rom `dauviwyari Sexvedrebi" wminda memuaruli Janris<br />

Txzuleba ar aris. igi ar warmoadgens gabmiT moTxrobas ambavTa,<br />

movlenaTa da adamianTa Sesaxeb, did da mcire SemTxvevaTa irgvliv.<br />

wignSi avtori ramdenime marad dauviwyar saxelze mogviTxrobs. igi<br />

igonebs im pirovnebebs, cxovelmyoflad rom darCenilan mis gonebaSi,<br />

gancdebsa da grZnobebSi. amdenad, hgavs igi mxatvrul narkvevTa nakrebs,<br />

romelTagan TiToeuls hyavs mTavari personaJi ­ TviTon avtori.<br />

mSobliur sofel maCxaanSi gamarTul s. faSaliSvilis 70-e<br />

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wlisTavis aRsaniSnav iubileze moxsenebiT gamosuli prof. s. xuciSvili<br />

mwerlis mogonebebis wignsac Seexo. misi TqmiT `wignis pirveli<br />

monakveTis saTauri _ `dReni Cemi cxovrebisa" erTi rusulidan<br />

Targmnili piesis saTauris Soreuli analogia, magram srulad sxvagvari<br />

masalis Semcveli. am nawilSi is kaxeTi Cans, romelic dilis<br />

bind­bundSi curavs siRnaRis bastionidan... bavSvobis dro da maSindeli<br />

STabeWdilebebi gamouwvevia s. faSaliSvils... es misi gulis nakarnaxevia,<br />

romelsac adamiani xSirad didxans, sakuTrad da TavisTvis inaxavs,<br />

radgan igi mxolod misia, misi sakuTari samyaroa, misi TvaliT danaxuli<br />

qveyanaa" (14, saqme 28649-35, f. 1) .<br />

`dauviwyari Sexvedrebis" ara marto am nawils, aramed TiToeul<br />

Tavs erTi ganwyobileba gasdevs. es aris monaTxrobi im kacisa, romelsac<br />

Tavisi siymawvile ukve cxra mTas iqiT darCenia. wignis ganwyobilebas<br />

swored cxra mTas iqiT darCenili siymawvilis gaxseneba ayalibebs.<br />

marTlac, s. faSaliSvili, romlisTvisac xalxSi gamosvlasa da<br />

mwerlad CamoyalibebaSi bevr adamians sikeTisa da daxmarebis xeli<br />

gauwvdia, bunebrivia, maTi gaxsenebiT amaRlebul ganwyobas qmnis. siko<br />

faSaliSvilTan daaxloebul adamianebSi iseTebsac vxvdebiT, romelTa<br />

saxelebi da saxeebi aTbobdnen ara erTi romelime pirovnebis gulsa da<br />

suls, aramed mTel qarTvel ers.<br />

`dauviwyari Sexvedrebi" s. faSaliSvilis bavSvobis gaxsenebiT<br />

iwyeba. avtori marTlac didxans inaxavda gulSi Tavis<br />

bavSvobisdroindel saqveyno xmianobas, `axalTaobis" pirveli<br />

revoluciis ambebs. momavali mwerlis Tvalwin iwyeboda qveynis<br />

`areuloba", romelic uceb moedo kaxeTs, siRnaRs da mis mSobliur<br />

maCxaansac. garewarTa TviTnebobas da jaSuSobas sazRvari ar hqonda.<br />

maSin jer kidev pataram, momavalma mweralma, sakuTar Tavzec iwvnia<br />

reaqcionerTa Tofis duglugi da Ceqmiani wixli, ris Sedegadac igi<br />

siRnaRis gamoCenil eqim kola jandierTan waiyvanes samkurnalod.<br />

memuarebis avtori TviTmxilveli da mowme iyo im Casafrebebisa da<br />

terorisa, rac maSin datrialda qveynad. maSindeli `cecxlgamovlili<br />

dReebis" xilvas didi STabeWdileba mouxdenia momaval mweralze.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis wignis erTi mTavari xazi aris is, rom igi arsad<br />

79

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Cerdeba gamoCenil pirovnebaTa cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis srulad<br />

aRweraze. avtori am adamianTa saqmianobis mTavar damaxasiaTebel<br />

mxareebs gadmogvcems da maTTan Tavisi urTierTobisa da<br />

damokidebulebis ramdenime fragments ixsenebs. magram xSir SemTxvevaSi<br />

iseT, saocrad did, monumentur suraTs qmnis, rom Zneli xdeba romelime<br />

CarCoSi misi moqceva. nimuSad SeiZleba aRniSnuli wignis is monakveTi<br />

moviyvanoT, romelSic avtori vaJa­fSavelasTan Sexvedras exeba an akaki<br />

wereTlis gacnobasa da kita abaSiZesTan urTierTobaze mogviTxrobs.<br />

siko faSaliSvilis memuarebis wignSi didi adgili aqvs daTmobili<br />

mogonebas akaki wereTelze. avtori mogviTxrobs zogierTi iseTi<br />

sayuradRebo faqtis Sesaxeb, romelsac adgili hqonia didi mgosnis<br />

cxovrebaSi, magram mkiTxveli sazogadoebisaTvis aqamde ucnobi iyo.<br />

cnobil adamianebze bevrs weren. TiTqmis Znelia akaki wereTelze<br />

moigono rame, rac sxvasac ar aRunusxavs, magram siko faSaliSvili mainc<br />

poulobs didi mgosnis xasiaTis erT mxares. igi mogviTxrobs didi<br />

akakisa da rusi meetlis saubris erT saintereso epizods. am epizodis<br />

mixedviT rus meetles akakis iubiles aRsaniSnavi saRamos monawileni<br />

mieyvana TaigulebiT xelSi. imave meetles SemTxveviT xvda wilad<br />

TeatrSi akakis miyvanac. ucnobma meetlem igrZno akakis sidiade.<br />

Casvlisas man mgosans fuli ar gamoarTva. akakis gaukvirda, maT Soris<br />

gaimarTa saubari, raSic s. faSaliSvili akakis xasiaTis ramdenime<br />

saintereso Strixs warmoaCens.<br />

akakis gansakuTrebiT ainteresebda samwerlo asparezze gamosuli<br />

axalgazrdoba _ gadmogvcems s. faSaliSvili. mgosnis `gulisxmierebis<br />

damaxasiaTebeli iyo Cemdami misi yuradRebac. masTan araerTxel<br />

vyofilvar ojaxSi. momismenda, mesaubreboda, damarigebda da Tavi ise ki<br />

ar eWira, rogorc dadafnul olimpiels... swavlas skolis gareT<br />

vRebulobdi da gulSematkivari megobrebis rCeviT moskovs davapire<br />

wasvla Saniavskis kerZo universitetSi Sesasvlelad. akakis Sevbede Cems<br />

saRamoSi monawileobis miReba" (50).<br />

aRniSnuli saRamos gamarTva 1913 wlis 23 aprils q. gorSi yofila<br />

ganzraxuli. s. faSaliSvils, rogorc damwyeb poets, moskovSi<br />

gasamgzavreblad garkveuli Tanxis Segroveba esaWiroeboda. akakis<br />

80

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monawileoba didZal xalxs moizidavda saRamoze. amitom mxcovani poeti<br />

siamovnebiT dasTanxmebia sikos Txovnas da upasuxia, rom mag keTil<br />

saqmeSi xelis momarTvas Cemi siberec ver SemiSliso. magram, samwuxarod,<br />

maSin avadmyofobis gamo akaki gorSi gamarTul literaturul saRamos<br />

ver daeswro.<br />

gavida Svidiode Tve da 1913 w. 2 noembers qalaq gorSi kvlav<br />

gaimarTa s. faSaliSvilis literaturuli saRamo. didma akakim<br />

gansakuTrebuli gulisxmiereba gamoiCina axalgazrda poetisadmi da<br />

udidesi mxardaWera aRmouCina mas. misi Casvla q. gorSi TviT akakisTvis<br />

iqca udides triumfad. rogorc mogonebis avtori gadmogvcems _ mis<br />

molodinSi `mTeli qarTli SeinZra". saRamoze akakim waikiTxa Tavisi<br />

axali (jer kidev daubeWdavi _ T. g.) poema `raWa­leCxumi". taSiscemas da<br />

ovaciebs bolo ar hqonda. amis Semdeg `scenaze gamodis axalgazrda<br />

mgosani s. faSaliSvili da eqspromtad warmoTqmuli leqsiT _ `eris<br />

varskvlavs" _ mimarTavs didebul stumars. sulganabuli usmens darbazi<br />

mSvenier leqss, xangrZlivi taSiscemiT daajildoes faSaliSvili. akaki<br />

hkocnis patara mgosans... faSaliSvilma warmosTqva meore leqsi<br />

`simRera", kvlav mxurvale taSi..." (35).<br />

meore dRes didebul stumars goris qalTa mecenaturma sazogadoeba<br />

`mandilosanma" umaspinZla. es iyo axalgazrdobasTan Sexvedrac.<br />

Rvawlmosil poets axalgazrdebi miesalmnen. s. faSaliSvili<br />

განsakuTrebiT aRniSnavs vaJa­fSavelas Svilis _ levan razikaSvilis<br />

mSvenier sityvas. aRfrTovanebul akakis SesaniSnavi patriotuli sityviT<br />

upasuxia axalgazrdebisTvis da Tavisi gamosvla Semdegi poeturi<br />

striqonebiT daumTavrebia:<br />

`is mixarebs moxucs grZობას,<br />

guls is mxvdeba Svebis israd,<br />

mSobel qveynis samsaxursa<br />

rom Rebulobs Svili kisrad!<br />

aseT Svilebs saimedod<br />

TqvenSic xedavs Cemi Tvali, _<br />

mitomac mwams ase mtkiced<br />

saqarTvelos momavali!"<br />

81

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es leqsi akakis arsad gamouqveynebia. pirvelad igi s. faSaliSvils<br />

mouyvania Tavis werilSi `saRamo gorSi", romelic 1945 wlis 9<br />

Tebervlis gaz. „komunistSi" daibeWda. aRniSnuli werili avtorma akakis<br />

gardacvalebidan 30 wlisTavs miuZRvna.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis gadmocemiT, akakis Turme gansakuTrebiT xiblavda<br />

kaxeTi, magram saZnelo mgzavrobis gamo sul orjer mouxerxebia Telavsa<br />

da siRnaRSi Casvla.<br />

did poets natvrad hqonia, kidev erTxel enaxa es mSvenieri mxare,<br />

magram isev mgzavrobis sirTule iyo ZiriTadi mizezi am wadilis<br />

Seusruleblobisa. im wels kidec mTavrdeboda kaxeTis rkinigzis<br />

mSenebloba da amiT gulmocemulma s. faSaliSvilma, 1914 wlis<br />

zafxulSi, mxcovani poeti miiwvia Tavis literaturul saRamoebze<br />

sofel qvemo maCxaanSi, siRnaRsa da TelavSi. akakis mtkice dasturi<br />

miucia da sikosac samzadisi dauWeria.<br />

kaxeTSi pirveli mogzaurobisas _ yvarelSi _ akakisTvis samagaliTo<br />

maspinZloba gauweviaT kaxeTis Tavadaznaurobis marSals, ganaTlebul da<br />

patriot pirovnebas iuri WavavaZes da mis meuRles, mSvenebiT da<br />

sidarbaisliT ganTqmul elene iv. WavWavaZisas, didi ilias biZaSvils.<br />

am mogzaurobisa da maspinZlobis Sesaxeb literaturis mateaneSi<br />

maSin eqvTime TayaiSvils daubeWdavs Tavisi mosazrebani, rac Zalzed<br />

sawyenad miuRia qalbaton elenes. amis gamo mas siko faSaliSvilisTvis<br />

miuweria eqvTimesadmi sayveduris werili, pirveli, imis gamo, rom eqvTime<br />

ganixilavs ilia WavWavaZis meuRlisa da misi mulis, liza saginaSvilis<br />

urTierTdamokidebulebis sakiTxs, rac elenes TqmiT, sruliad<br />

arasainteresoa istoriisaTvis da meorec, imis gamo, rom eqvTimes<br />

werilis mixedviT `yvarelSi iuri WavWavaZem (generlis Zmiswulma)," viTom<br />

akakisaTvis mowyobili zeimis xarjebis dasafaravad aTi desetina miwa<br />

gayidao. `es adgili (ilias meuRlisa da misi mulis, liza saginaSvilis<br />

urTierTobas rom SeeZeba _ T. g.) cud STabeWdilebas stovebs, me mgoni,<br />

mkiTxvelzed! me darwmunebuli var, redaqtori bevrs gamostovebda da<br />

kargi iyo, esec gamoetovebinaT!?" (14, saqme 28650-65, f. 1).<br />

elene WavWavaZe eqvTimes werilis Zalze ukmayofiloa. mas isic<br />

cudad aRuqvams, rom iuri WavWavaZe werilis avtors moxsenebuli hyavs<br />

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generlis Zmiswulad. q­ni elene ganmartavs, rom iuri WavWavaZe TviTon<br />

aris sazogado moRvawe da aravis ZmiswulobiT moyvana ar iyo saWiroo.<br />

iqve, gadaWriT uaryofs aTi desetina mamulis gayidvis faqtsac.<br />

akaki wereTlisadmi miZRvnil zeims maSin didZali xalxi daswrebia<br />

da xma gamosula, TiTqos es arnaxuli maspinZloba iuri WavWavaZes aTi<br />

desetina mamulis gayidvis fasad daujdao. eqvTimem Tavis mogonebebSi<br />

gaimeora aTi desetina mamulis gayidvis ambavi. qalbatoni elene s.<br />

faSaliSvils swers, rom mamulis gayidva iuri WavWavaZes fiqradac ar<br />

mosvlia, amis gareSec hqoniaT saSualeba, rom `im sasiqadulo<br />

adamianisaTvis" zeimi moewyoT.<br />

meored da ukanasknelad akaki siRnaRs swvevia elisabed<br />

WavWavaZe­marjaniSvilis mipatiJebiT. didi poeti aRfrTovanebuli<br />

darCenila siRnaRelTa maspinZlobiT.<br />

rac Seexeba akakis maCxaanSi miwvevas da iq gamgzavrebis saqmes, igi<br />

ganuxorcielebeli darCa. am sakiTxis warmatebiT gadaWris mTavar<br />

xelisSemSlel faqtorad sxva mizezebTan erTad qceula imxanad<br />

siRnaRSi axlad daarsebuli gazeTi `xma kaxeTisa", romelsac, sikos<br />

TqmiT, Tbilisidan Camosuli `vaWrebis ideologi" kote tyavaZe<br />

redaqtorobda. mas `xma kaxeTisaSi" werili daubeWdavs, didi mgosnis<br />

stumroba udrood miuCnevia da sjobia akaki SemodgomiT gvewvioso _<br />

ganucxadebia. elene WavavaZe Tavis werilSi am sakiTxsac exeba. igi s.<br />

faSaliSvils mkacri tonis gamo usayvedurebs da mianiSnebs: Tu<br />

gadaaTvalierebs aRniSnuli gazeTis nomrebs, naxavs, rom `es gazeTi sul<br />

mefis moxeleebis da im drois reJims uCivis da agreTve movaWreebis<br />

aRviraxsnilobas... Tqven ki swerT vaWrebis organo iyoo?!... `akakis iq<br />

misvla ar undodaTo". yvelam viciT, rom kaxeTSi yvelazed saukeTeso<br />

dro Semodgomaa, gana amisaTvis isini dasaZraxisi iyvnen, rom undodaT<br />

yvela mxriT esiamovnebinaT Zvirfasi adamiani" (14, saqme 28690, f. 3-4).<br />

sikosTvis erTgvar dabrkolebas warmoadgenda is, rom mas Tavisi<br />

Raribuli saxl­kari didi poetis dasaxvedrad Sesaferisad ar miaCnda.<br />

amitom, TavisTan axlos mcxovreb biZaSvils, Saqro faSaliSvils<br />

SeuTanxmda _ akakis mis mSvenier kar­midamoSi miiwevdnen. CvenSi xom<br />

arsebobs gamoTqma _ `mezobelo karisao...", magram aseTic viciT _<br />

83

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`Tvali Tvalis mteriao..." sikos biZaSvils Zvirfasi stumris miRebis<br />

molodinSi SeuZenia rbili aveji, graviurebi, fardebi. roca saxlis es<br />

morTuloba sofelSi Cautania da gaugiaT, ojaxi akakis maspinZeli<br />

iqnebao, sxva ufro mdidar mezoblebs meSCanuri buzRuni dauwyiaT _<br />

xedavT? namojamagirali da misi biZaSvili Cvenze win dgebiano... maS<br />

vnaxoTo da sxva. am meSCanuri gamoxtomebisaTvis, rogorc s.<br />

faSaliSvili gadmogvcems, tonis mimcemi adgilobrivi (siRnaRis) gazeTi<br />

`xma kaxeTisa" yofila.<br />

kaxeTSi samogzaurod mzadyofnaSi akaki Tbiliss icdida. es iyo 1914<br />

wlis agvistos damdegs. roca siko faSaliSvili TbilisSi dabrunda da<br />

akakis moaxsena yovelive, tkbilxmovan mgosans mSvidad uTqvams, rom eg<br />

araferia, Cven saRamo gavmarToT da mag `moZuleT" nu SemovuSvebTo.<br />

aqedanac kargad Cans, Tu rogori mondomeba gamouCenia mxcovan poets<br />

kaxeTSi samogzaurod. magram im `moZuleTa" azri rom siRnaRis presam<br />

qveyanas amcno da akakis `xma kaxeTisa" gadaukiTxavs `gazeTi Suaze<br />

gaglija, daWmuWna, iatakze daanarcxa da tyavaZis misamarTiT metad<br />

magari gamoTqma ixmara _ ra zrdilobaa, gazeTSi saqveynod rom<br />

gamovuWenebivar... nawyenma sinanuliT miTxra: erTob mewada am sibereSi<br />

kaxeTi kidev erTxel menaxa, magram aseTi stumroba ar SemiZlian, axla<br />

kaxeTSi veRar wamoval, ara uSavs, wavideT imereTs da saRamoebi iq<br />

movawyoTo" (43, 81-82). didi poetis wadils axdena aRar ewera. imave wlis<br />

Semodgomaze akaki saCxeres wavida, sadac im zamTars loginad Cavarda da<br />

male geniosma poetma samudamod daxuWa Tvali.<br />

akakisTan axlo megobrobisa da misi saxelis mimarT siko<br />

faSaliSvilis Rrma pativiscemis gamoZaxilia maSindeli saistorio da<br />

saeTnografio sazogadoebis saxeliT, am sazogadoebis Tavmjdomaris<br />

eqvTime TayaiSvilis mier gagzavnili xelnaweri werili (dawerilia<br />

sazogadoebis titulovan furcelze, daTariRebulia 1915 wlis 9<br />

qristeSobisTviT), romelSic avtori axalgazrda poets atyobinebs, rom<br />

momavali wlis 26 ianvars dagegmilia `Cveni qveynis dideba akaki<br />

wereTlis" gardacvalebidan erTi wlis Tavze `mgosnis pativis sacemlad"<br />

miZRvnili saliteraturo saRamos Catareba. `saqarTvelos saistorio da<br />

saeTnografio sazogadoebis sabWom daadgina mogmarTosT Tqven TxovniT,<br />

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miiRoT monawileoba aRniSnul saRamoSi Tqveni sakuTaris leqsis<br />

wakiTxviT mgosnis Sesaxeb" (14, saqme #28651_53) da sTxovs rac SeiZleba<br />

male acnobos pasuxi. aRniSnuli sazogadoebisa da misi Tavmjdomaris,<br />

didi mamuliSvilisa da mecnieris es werili axalgazrda poetis<br />

aRiarebasac warmoadgens.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis memuarebis wignis mniSvnelovan nawils moicavs<br />

`arwivi vnaxe daWrili". saTauridanac advili misaxvedria, rom avtoris<br />

mogoneba mTis arwivs, vaJa­fSavelas exeba.<br />

TbilisSi Camosuli siko faSaliSvili Tavdapirvelad `droebis"<br />

redaqciaSi gazeTebis damtareblad muSaobda. am dros piradad gaecno<br />

igi vaJa­fSavelas. bavSvobis wlebSi, sofel maCxaanSi, alaznis<br />

saZovrebzec gaegona didi vaJas saxeli momaval poets. `vaJa­fSavelas<br />

saxeli pirvelad mwyemsisagan gavigone, es iyo bavSvobis wlebSi, roca<br />

mindvrad vizrdebodi da menaxire mwyemsebSi vtrialebdi" (43, 83)..<br />

mogonebaTa avtoris TqmiT es mwyemsi mose begiaSvili yofila, kargi<br />

meCongure, romelic mwyemsur `saRamoebze" hyveboda sxvadasxva sagmiro<br />

ambebs, xolo `aludas Sairs", Turme Congurzec xSirad amRerebda.<br />

mose begiaSvili vaJas axlo scnobia, magram misi poezia mTieli<br />

mwyemsebisagan Seuswavlia. patara sikos Tvalwin, vaJas saxiT, TandaTan<br />

`daixata kaci, romelsac qristes xatTanac hqonda saerTo, arwivTanac..."<br />

(43, 86). 1990 wlis zamTars vaJa droebis redaqcias swvevia. sikos<br />

gadmocemiT, karebi SeaRo Suaxnis, maRalma, odnav tanxmelma kacma. mas<br />

gacrecili, muqi Sindisferi zedaCoxa ecva da mxrebze `aqlemis yelis"<br />

baci yabalaxi hqonda gadagdebuli. xelSi eWira CoxasaviT gacrecili<br />

kravelis qudi. wvermoparsuls, koxtad gadavarcxnili, vercxlSereuli<br />

Tma saTnoebis SaravandediviT dahfenoda Sublze da naqandakari cxviri<br />

Tavisebur gamometyvelebas aZlevda mis odnav mogrZo saxes. vaJas cali<br />

Tvalis quTuTo SewiTlebul-Sewylulebuli hqonia, rasac Turme<br />

disonansi Sehqonda misi antikuri saxis nakvTebSi. srulid axalgazrda<br />

sikos, romelic iqve idga, azradac ar mosvlia, rom redaqciis stumari<br />

vaJa-fSavela iyo, radgan misi warmodgeniT cocxali vaJa arafriT hgavda<br />

im suraTs, aleqsandre yazbegTan, an Sio mRvimelTan da dimitri<br />

maCxanelTan rom hqonda did poets gadaRebuli.<br />

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siko faSaliSvili sagazeTo redaqciebSi muSaobisas dauaxlovda<br />

vaJas. droTa svlaSi sul ufro ganmtkicda maTi nacnoboba, vaJa,<br />

„TmaSevercxlili da mwvervals aRmavali", siko, `asakiTac da<br />

SemoqmedebiTac mcirewlovani", maxlobelni gaxdnen. es, rogorc siko<br />

aRniSnavs, upirveles yovlisa, vaJas gulwrfelobis, uangarobis da<br />

ubraloebis Sedegi iyo.<br />

mogonebaTa avtori guldasmiT mogviTxrobs yovelive wvrilmansac<br />

ki, rac vaJasTan mis urTierTobas axlda Tan.<br />

s. faSaliSvili yofila momswre da TviTmxilveli gasuli saukunis<br />

10­iani wlebis saqveynod gaxmaurebuli polemikuri dapirispirebisa or<br />

bumberaz poets Soris. qarTveli mkiTxveli sazogadoeba yovelTvis did<br />

interess iCenda da iCens am sakiTxis mimarT. dResac, mravalma zepirad<br />

icis moxdenili taepebi am polemikuri leqsebidan. sakiTxi exeba akaki<br />

wereTlisa da vaJa­fSavelas cnobil paeqrobas, romelic vaJas poeturi<br />

enis kuTxurobis dagmobis gamo warmoiSva. fSavel poets diaxac sjeroda<br />

sakuTari poeturi Zalisa, magram raSic iyo uZleveli da Seudarebeli,<br />

swored iq iyo Tavmdabali da mokrZalebulic. pirad cxovrebaSi amayi da<br />

Seudrekeli, amasTan, ficxeli xasiaTis vaJa­fSavela maRalbunebovani<br />

adamianis sidinjiT ismenda Tavisi Semoqmedebis kritikas, rac arc Tu<br />

iSviaTi movlena iyo xolme mis leqsebSi dialeqturi formebisa da<br />

viwro kuTxuri terminebis moZalebis gamo.<br />

iyo dro, roca kritika vaJasken Semobrunda. maSin qarTvelma<br />

mkiTxvelma yurad iRo i. WavWavaZis Segoneba _ droa Cven, Zvelebma kalami<br />

davdoT da gza vaJas davuTmoTo, `Svlis nukris naambobis" wakiTxvisas<br />

rom warmoTqva didma iliam.<br />

`iveriis" periodidan moyolebuli 1910 wlamde vaJas Semoqmedebas<br />

TiTqos sakmaod ar afasebdnen. s. faSaliSvilis TqmiT, cnobili yofila<br />

quTaisidan gagzavnili zogierTi xelismomweris anekdoturi xasiaTis<br />

saprotesto werili `iveriis" redaqciisadmi _ vaJa­fSavelas beWdvas Tu<br />

ar uklebT, `iverias" aRar gamoviwerTo. motivad isev vaJas poeziis<br />

kuTxuri terminebiT aWreleba da ukve araerTxel miTiTebuli dialeqti<br />

mohyavdaT. vaJa­fSavela Zalze faqizi xasiaTis Semoqmedi gaxldaT. aseT<br />

SemTxvevaSi sakiTxavia, Tu visgan momdinareobs kritika. cnobilia, rom<br />

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vaJas leqsis ena TviT akaki wereTelma daiwuna. rigiTi mkiTxvelis mier<br />

verdanaxuli sididade poeziisa, WeSmarit Semoqmeds imdenad ver SesZravs<br />

uaryofiTi emociebiT, magram didi akakis sayveduri ­ `enas giwuneb<br />

fSavelo"­o, vaJasTvis namdvilad didi gulistkenis mizezi gamxdara. es<br />

moxda maSin, roca iliaseuli Sefaseba sabolood iqna gaziarebuli<br />

qarTveli sazogadoebis mier da vaJas saxeli zvaviviT daiZra, mas iwveven<br />

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva mxareSi, umarTaven saRamoebs, asxamen xotbas.<br />

`araviTari gaampartavneba, araviTari niSnis mogeba sazogadoebisaTvis.<br />

roca am Temaze Camougdebdnen sityvas, is dinjad miugebda: ­ me es<br />

imdenad maxarebs, ramdenadac mwerlis dafaseba da siyvaruli xalxis<br />

kulturosnobas amJRavnebs, Torem Cemi mizani TviTonac vicodio" (43, 97).<br />

1910 wlis oqtomberSi vaJa­fSavela pirvelad miiwvies quTaisSi,<br />

rasac gansakuTrebuli STabeWdileba mouxdenia poetze. siko<br />

faSaliSvilis TqmiT, dRemde gamoqveynebul im mogonebebsa da<br />

recenziebSi, rac vaJas 1910 da 1913 wlebis quTaisis stumrobas exeba,<br />

ufro garegnuli mxarea danaxuli, xolo am bumberazi mwerlis sulieri<br />

mdgomareobis analizi aravis moucia. `iveriisadmi~ zemoaRniSnuli<br />

kritikuli werilebis Semdeg quTaisis inteligenciis gadawyvetileba<br />

vaJa­fSavelas miwvevis Sesaxeb didi poetis gansakuTrebuli sixarulis<br />

mizezi gamxdara.<br />

mogonebaTa avtori, s. faSaliSvili, srulyofilad aRwers vaJa­<br />

fSavelas quTaisSi meored miwvevis faqts.<br />

1913 wlis 18 Tebervals q. gorSi gaumarTavT literaturuli saRamo<br />

vaJas monawileobiT. sxvebTan erTad am saRamos monawile yofila siko<br />

faSaliSvilic, romlis gadmocemiTac, saRamos dawyebis win, goris<br />

Teatris SenobaSi misula ucnobi stumari quTaisidan, axalgazrda poeti<br />

akaki svani, igive akaki margiani (poet revaz margianis mama _ s. f.).<br />

stumars vaJasTvis werili gadaucia da piradad uTqvams, rom quTaisis<br />

inteligenciis davalebiT TqvenTan gamomgzavna petre yifianma da<br />

gTxovaT quTaiss CamobrZandiT literaturul saRamoSi monawileobis<br />

misaRebado. vaJas werili waukiTxavs da sixarulisagan didi sulieri<br />

mRelvareba dastyobia. `vaJasTan axlos videqi maSin, ase kmayofili saxiT<br />

jer ar myavda nanaxi. cdilobda, magram aRelvebas ver malavda. es<br />

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gulwrfeli, namdvili sixaruli iyo. karga xans dumda" (43, 98). werilis<br />

mixedviT ori dRis Semdeg, 20 Tebervals saRamo unda gamarTuliyo. vaJa<br />

cota Seyoymanebula. `vfiqrob, swored im yoymanisa da aRtacebis<br />

momentSi daebada mas idea SesaniSnavi leqsisa `imereTs" (43, 99). -<br />

ixsenebs s. faSaliSvili. vaJas gorSive Tan xlebia Tavisi axloblebi -<br />

Tedo da mixa razikaSvilebi, Tedos ufrosi qaliSvili gulqani. yvelas<br />

Zalze gaxarebia vaJas quTaisSi miwveva. meore dRes vaJas TavisTan<br />

uaxlebia gulqani da siko faSaliSvili da gamgzavrebula quTaiss.<br />

gaiares wifis gvirabi..., moliTi..., vaJa kupeSi Sesula da dasasveneblad<br />

wamowolila. SorapanTan poets ukve xelSi sWeria naweri furceli da<br />

sikosTvis gadaucia wasakiTxavad. jer isev melanSeuSrobeli, xelnaweri<br />

iyo leqsi `Serigeba imereTTan", romelic ase iwyeboda:<br />

`erTxanad Cemi mwyevaro,<br />

lixTiqeTuro dedao!<br />

gavige Samrigebixar,<br />

mec SenTan salams vbedavo!.."<br />

siko da gulqani iyvnen am SesaniSnavi leqsis pirveli wamkiTxvelni<br />

da erTgvarad kritikosebic. am `pirvel kritikosebs" miuciaT pirveli<br />

SeniSvnebic. urCeviaT, amoeRo sityva `mwyevaro". vaJas uyoymanod miuRia<br />

axalgazrdebis rCeva. kidev dalodebia SeniSvnas.<br />

` _ sxvafriv SesaniSnavia..., ­ara Cemi baxlebo, ara! magas me amaRam<br />

quStaras gavkrav, aq mzada maqvs! da RimiliT Tavze xeli dairtya" (43,<br />

101).<br />

quTaisSi vaJas didZali xalxi daxvedria. igi sastumro `iveriaSi"<br />

daubinavebiaT. im RamiT sawer magidas misjdomia da diliT isev Tavisi<br />

`kritikosebi" mouxmia. amjerad ukve, leqsi sabolood srulyofili<br />

gadaucia maTTvis. sityva `mwyevaro" `mZraxavod" Seucvlia, `gavige<br />

Samrigebixar"-s nacvlad `vxedav rom Samrigebixar". saTauric `Serigeba<br />

imereTTan" gadauSlia da daurqmevia `imereTs". imave diliT leqsi vaJas<br />

zepirad dauswavlia.<br />

quTaisSi arnaxuli Sexvedra da saRamo gaumarTavT didi<br />

mgosnisTvis. meore dRes vaJa Sexvedria qarTuli gimnaziis moswavleebs,<br />

gadauRia samaxsovro fotoebi d. kldiaSvilTan da sxva quTaisel<br />

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moRvaweebTan.<br />

Semdeg eqskursia bagratis taZris nangrevebze... didi gulis siTboTi<br />

da siyvaruliT gaucilebiaT vaJa quTaisidan.<br />

swored is dReebi aRiniSna vaJa­fSavelasa da akaki wereTlis<br />

poeturi diskusiiT. 18 Tebervlis gazeT `TemSi" daibeWda akakis leqsi<br />

`enas giwuneb fSavelo". gazeTi teqnikuri mizezebis gamo ramdenime dRis<br />

dagvianebiT gamovida. vaJa goridan quTaiss ise gaemgzavra, rom am leqsis<br />

Sesaxeb, cxadia, araferi icoda. quTaisidan dabrunebuls, isev gorSi<br />

miutanes `Temis" 18 Tebervlis gamoSveba. vaJas waukiTxavs leqsi da<br />

erTgvarad gawbilebuli darCenila. akakis leqsis mizezi _ enis<br />

kuTxuroba, rac fSavel poets ukve daZleulad da warsulad miaCnda,<br />

isev win gadaeRoba da mere rodis, `imereTTan axladSerigebuls" da<br />

swored quTaisidan aRfrTovanebiT wamosuls. xasiaTgamocvlil vaJas<br />

pasuxis gacemac maSinve daupirebia, magram `saxalxo gazeTis"<br />

TanamSromlebs dauSoSminebiaT, mxcovan poets gavanawyenebTo da vaJasac<br />

xeli auRia ganzraxvaze. mkiTxvelisaTvis interesmoklebuli ar iqneboda<br />

codna imisa, Tu ra saleqso konturebs ayalibebda vaJas poeturi<br />

azrovneba im `cxel gulze", magram vaJa imxanad ise wavida Cargals, rom<br />

akakisadmi udidesi pativiscemisa da mokrZalebis gamo, sayveduri ar<br />

dascdenia.<br />

mainc ratom moxvda akakis leqsi gazeT `Temis" 18 Tebervlis<br />

nomerSi? Zneli savaraudoa, rom igi vaJas quTaisSi miwvevas daamTxvies.<br />

Tumca `Temis" redaqcias, im dReebSi aRniSnuli leqsis dabeWdvisgan<br />

mainc unda Seekavebina Tavi. amas am mogonebis avtoric aRniSnavs. aqve<br />

davsZenT, rom kidev ufro imdenad gaurkvevelia `Temis" redaqciis<br />

pozicia, ramdenadac iqve, imave svetSi, akakis leqsis Semdeg iwyeba poeti<br />

qalis `gandegilis~ (dominika erisTavi) arc Tu mcire moculobis<br />

werili saTauriT: `mgosani vaJa­fSavela", romelic eZRvneba didi poetis<br />

moRvaweobis 35-e wlisTavs. avtori aRniSnavs vaJas gaWirvebul<br />

mdgomareobas da mimarTavs sazogadoebas - `...mgosnis satrfo samSoblos,<br />

mivmarTav vaJas pativismcemelT, mivmarTav wera­kiTxvis sazogadoebas da<br />

gansakuTrebiT axalgazrda saqarTvelos, dauyovnebliv Seudgnen imis<br />

mogvarebas, Tu ragvarad uzrunvelyon Cveni sayvareli mgosani... vaJam<br />

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evri ram ganZi SesZina Cvens mwerlobas da aq mas xeli Seuwyo swored<br />

Tavisma piradma sulierma Zalam _ sxva mis pirobebSi Cahklavda,<br />

CaaxSobda ciT boZebul niWs.<br />

naTqvamia, Sin rom col­Svili simSiliT giwydebodes, gareT tablas<br />

ra xeli aqvso" (6). iqvea redaqciis minaweri: `Cveni mxriT suliT da<br />

guliT vuerTdebiT mwerali qalis mowodebas da vuZRvniT am sagans<br />

calke werils" (6).<br />

safiqrebelia, rom redaqciis muSakebs akakis leqsi mwvave kritikul<br />

gamosvlad ar miuCneviaT, Torem fSaveli poetisadmi maTi pativiscemiTi<br />

damokidebuleba da keTilganwyoba udavoa.<br />

vaJas, CargalSi yofnisas, mizanSewonilad miuCnevia gamoxmaureboda<br />

aRniSnul kritikas da dauweria Tavisi `dagvianebuli pasuxi akakis". es<br />

leqsi imave wlis maisis bolos Tbiliss Camoutania da dasabeWdad siko<br />

faSaliSvilisTvis gadaucia. `ai, mec davCxapne sapasuxo... nu damzardebi,<br />

geTayva, miTxove redaqcielebs dResve damibeWdon, koreqtura Senze iyos,<br />

magram jer wavikiTxoT!<br />

da daiwyo kiTxva. kiTxulobda iseTi paTosiT, TiTqos iqve<br />

yofiliyos akaki, romelsac Tavisi poeturi gulis pasuxs usabuTebda"<br />

(43, 104).<br />

`bumberazTa kamaTi" damTavrda `braldebulis" pasuxiT. vaJas leqss<br />

gansakuTrebuli STabeWdileba mouxdenia redaqciis TanamSromlebze.<br />

`saxalxo gazeTis~ redaqtors, aristo WumbaZes, leqsi maSinve<br />

gaugzavnia stambaSi. meore dRes ki `saxalxo", rogorc ityvian, `dRis<br />

lursmani" yofila.<br />

es kamaTi iyo namdvili literaturuli polemika yvela eTikuri<br />

normis dacviT. mokamaTeTa urTierTkritika Rirseul pirovnebaTa da<br />

SemoqmedTa sidarbaislis SesaniSnavi nimuSia:<br />

−es erTi mxridan.<br />

`enas giwuneb fSavelo,<br />

mgosano maRal mTisao,<br />

Tumc ki gviTesav margalits,<br />

mkiTxvelic imas mkisao".<br />

`ros davapire sityvis Tqma,<br />

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−meore mxriT.<br />

uceb Tavzari dameca,<br />

sityva mosuli saTqmelad<br />

enaze momwyda, gameqca".<br />

maTi kamaTi RvTiur urTierT sityvaTmigebas hgavs da taqtic misive<br />

Sesatyvisia. igi monawileTa Sesaferi namdvili literaturuli formebiT<br />

dasrulda. rogorc s. faSaliSvili ambobs, TavianTi sicocxlis mwuxris<br />

moaxloebisas orma bumberazma erTmaneTs leqsiT uTxra gulisnadebi,<br />

magram, rogorc gamowvevaSi, ise pasuxSi piraduls odnavadac ar<br />

gadauxria zomierebis saswori. isini sazogado tkivilebze, misi<br />

keTildReobis survilebiT gamoexmauren erTmaneTs. am diskusiiT uTuod<br />

davalebuli datoves Cveni poezia, mogebuli darCa mkiTxveli<br />

sazogadoeba, qarTuli poezia da mTlianad literaturis istoria.<br />

kamaTis aseTi saxe arasodes dahkargavs Tavis xibls.<br />

s. faSaliSvili amayobda vaJasTan siaxloviT. rogorc ukve<br />

aRvniSneT, vaJa­fSavelas Zalze moswonebia sikos leqsi `maS, gamarjoba<br />

tkbilo sicocxlev". mogonebaTa avtori zedmiwevniT aRwers vaJas<br />

xasiaTis yovelgvar gamovlinebas. restoran `anagaSi" qeifisas momReral<br />

Savtrifonas Tavidan oriode sevdiani leqsi daumRerebia, maT Soris<br />

erTi isev sikos leqsis striqonebi:<br />

`yurs nu daugdeb Cemsa simReras,<br />

Torem agiSlis gulis iarebs..."<br />

momRerals vaJasTvis uTqvams, es simRera sikos leqsidanaao. did<br />

poets saxe moRrublvia da wyromiT miumarTavs sikosTvis - Cemgan nu<br />

gewyineba, magram Zalian dagiSavebia, axalgazrda xar, simReriT<br />

varskvlavebs unda eTamaSebode, Sen ki wuwuneb da `gulis iarebs"<br />

gviSlio. es mkvaxe sayveduri bolos mainc Seurbilebia da `xalisi<br />

gakliaT axalgazrdebs"-o - dasZina Turme. Sio mRvimeli SekamaTebia da<br />

misive leqsebidan mouxmia sevdiani magaliTebi, magram Savtrifonas `maS<br />

gamarjoba tkbilo sicocxlev" wamouwyia da vaJac aRtacebaSi mosula.<br />

mogonebaTa avtoris gadmocemiT `mTis arwivs" uxaliso leqsebis gamo<br />

kamaTi Tedo razikaSvilTanac (vaJas Zma) mosvlia xolme.<br />

vaJa-fSavela Tavidanve yuradRebas iCenda sikosadmi. zemoT vTqviT,<br />

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om vaJam igi iaxla quTaiss, mimowera hqonda masTan. pirveli Sexvedris<br />

dRidanve axlo urTierToba damkvidrda maT Soris. vaJa­fSavela<br />

maCxaanSi, faSalianT maranSic mjdara da fuZe­Weri daulocia.<br />

axalgazrda siko faSaliSvils yovelTvis hqonda didi poetis<br />

gulisxmierebis imedi. vaJa­fSavelasadmi gagzavnil werilSi igi wers:<br />

`gadavwyvite `saRamo" gavmarTo ramodenime alagas da Tumca es saRamoebi<br />

xoleris bacilebsaviT moedo yvela kuTxeebs, magram mainc imedi maqvs,<br />

rom rame damrCes" (13, 273). iqve, werilis avtori mokrZalebulad sTxovs<br />

did mgosans, rom iqneb dasdos pativi da monawileoba miiRos mis<br />

literaturul saRamoSi, romlis gamarTvac s. faSaliSvils axlo<br />

momavalSi TelavSi hqonia ganzraxuli. vaJas monawileoba literaturul<br />

saRamoSi did saxalxo dainteresebas gamoiwvevda da damswre<br />

sazogadoebac erTiorad meti iqneboda. amitom s. faSaliSvili, romlis<br />

literaturul saRamosac ar hqonda `vaWruli mizani, jibis gasqeleba",<br />

gamoTqvams imeds didi mgosnisadmi, rom gamoiCens mamobriv lmobierebas,<br />

uars ar etyvis Telavs Casvlaze. vaJas daswreba imden avtoritets<br />

SesZenda saRamos, rom faSaliSvili Txovs mas, acnobos Camosvlis<br />

ricxvi da im dRes daniSnavda Tavis RonisZiebas.<br />

siko faSaliSvilis nacnob­megobarTa wre moicavda sxva erovnebis<br />

warmomadgenlebsac. mogonebaTa wignSi igi didi siTboTi<br />

mogviTxrobs cnobil somex klasikos ovanes TumanianTan guliTadi<br />

urTierdamokidebulebis Sesaxeb. siko TbilisSi mcxovreb mraval<br />

araqarTvel moRvawesTan megobrobda.<br />

siko faSaliSvilisaTvis pirvelad didi ovanesis Sesaxeb Tavis<br />

mezobel somex Jurnalists artem CiRians uambnia.<br />

erTxel kidev, TbilisSi gamomaval somxur gazeT `banvori Zainis"<br />

TanmSromels misak qalaSians misTvis ovanes Tumanianis rCeuli robaiebi<br />

uCuqebi aseTi warweriT: `waikiTxe mezobelo da megobaro, Cven<br />

erTmaneTis kulturas unda vicnobdeT. ovanes Tumaniani CvenTvis igivea,<br />

rac TqvenTvis akaki wereTeli" (43, 124). sikos Zalze mowonebia es<br />

robaiebi, romelTa Sinaarss igive misakis daxmarebiT ecnoboda.<br />

qarTvel poets gadauwyvetia zogierTi leqsis Targmna ovanesis<br />

wignidan. amisaTvis mas daxmareba uTxovia gamoCenili<br />

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mxatvar­peizaJistisTvis, kavkasiaSi da ruseTSi cnobili giorgi<br />

baSinjaRianisTvis, romelic siRnaReli yofila da ojaxic<br />

qarTulenovani hyolia. baSinjaRians ucnobebia, rom maSin ovanesis<br />

leqsebis Targmnaze misive daxmarebiT ukve muSaobda ioseb griSaSvili<br />

da sikosac xeli auRia Tavis ganzraxvaze.<br />

ovanes Tumaniani umTavresad saqarTvelos dedaqalaqSi cxovrobda.<br />

swored aq, TbilisSi k. balmontis literaturul saRamoze gaecno mas s.<br />

faSaliSvili. ovanesi intensiurad muSaobda qarTul­somxuri kulturis<br />

urTierTdaaxloebis sakiTxebze. igi xSirad sakuTar binaze awyobda<br />

darbazobebs da iwvevda qarTvel poetebs. maT Soris araerTxel yofila<br />

s. faSaliSvilic. ovanesisaTvis `samagieros gadaxdis" saSualeba erTxel<br />

sikosac mieca. kerZod, 1923 wlis ivlisSi, TbilisSi, wiTeli armiis<br />

centralur saxlSi gamarTul literaturul saRamoze s. faSaliSvilma<br />

ovanes Tumanianic miiwvia, rasac ovanesi siamovnebiT dasTanxmebia da<br />

sakuTari leqsis wikiTxvis survilic gamouTqvams. magram im dReebSi<br />

SeuZlod gamxdara da `rogorc sityvis patrons", amis Sesaxeb winaswar<br />

Seutyobinebia s. faSaliSvilisTvis. ovanesis werili darbazSi<br />

SekrebilT waukiTxa saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSiris maSindelma<br />

Tavmjdomarem kote mayaSvilma, romelic uZRveboda am saRamos. srulad<br />

gavecnoT werils:<br />

`poet s. faSaliSvils<br />

Zvirfaso s. faSaliSvilo!<br />

Zlier vwuxvar, rom damoukidebeli mizezisa gamo ar SemiZlia<br />

daveswro da monawileoba miviRo Tqvens saRamoSi. xels garTmevT da<br />

garwmunebT, rom ramdenadac Zvirfasia CemTvis saqarTvelo da lamazi<br />

qarTuli suli, imdenad Zvirfasni arian is adamianebic, romelnic am<br />

sulis matarebelni da gamomsaxvelni arian. qarTveli _ es ukve poetia,<br />

xolo qarTveli poeti _ ormagad poetia!<br />

suliT da guliT gisurvebT, wilad gxvdomodeT saqarTvelos<br />

bednierebisa da misi naTeli dReebisaTvis simRera".<br />

s. faSaliSvilisadmi miwerili es werili ovanes Tumanians Seutania<br />

Tavisi Txzulebebis me­6 tomSi. amJamad, aRniSnuli werili inaxeba<br />

Tbilisis literaturis muzeumSi dacul s. faSaliSvilis pirad arqivSi<br />

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(14, saqme 21545-413, f. 1).<br />

ovanesis gardacvalebis Semdeg s. faSaliSvilma miiRo somexi poetis<br />

qaliSvilis, ovanes Tumanianis saxelobis literaturis muzeumis<br />

TanamSromel aSxen Tumanianis werili (14, saqme 21547-413) erevnidan,<br />

romelSic igi mokrZalebiT sTxovs qarTvel poets ovanesis werilis<br />

erevnis muzeumisTvis daTmobas s. faSaliSvilis fotosuraTis<br />

TanxlebiT.<br />

sapasuxo werilSi s. faSaliSvili did madlobas uxdis somex<br />

qalbatons gulTbili werilisaTvis da Tavis mxriv dasZens: `...yovelTvis<br />

viamayeb imiT, rom Cemi fotosuraTi erT­erT eqsponatad iqneba misi<br />

saxelobis muzeumSi. Tu janmrTeloba xels Semiwyobs, bednierad CavTvli<br />

Tavs vixilo es muzeumi" (14, saqme 28650-9).<br />

s. faSaliSvilis werili dawerilia rusulad. misi qarTuli<br />

Targmani pirvelad SemogvTavaza mkvlevarma d. reviam sagazeTo werilSi<br />

`Zvirfas oqrod darCeba" (26) .<br />

aRniSnuli werilis originali ukve Tbilisis literaturis<br />

muzeumSi inaxeboda. amitom somxeTis dedaqalaqSi gaigzavna misi<br />

fotopiri sikos fotosuraTTan erTad. erevnis muzeumSi didi ovanesis<br />

istoriul baraTs `umzers... siko faSaliSvilis portreti _ qarTveli da<br />

somexi xalxebis megobrobis mowme da sabuTi" (64).<br />

s. faSaliSvilma `erTa Zmobis momReral" poets da qarTveli xalxis<br />

megobars, did somex klasikoss calke miuZRvna mSvenieri lirikuli<br />

leqsi `ovanes Tumanians", romelic mTavrdeba Semdegi strofiT:<br />

`nurc nurasodes dadumdebian,<br />

Cangze eg simni oqroisani,<br />

sanam varskvlavebs erTad xvdebian,<br />

araratis da myinvaris mTani".<br />

`SemTxveviT rodi aRmoCnda giorgi baSinjaRiani s. faSaliSvilis<br />

`Suamavali" did somex moRvawesTan. misi guliTadi ganwyobileba baton<br />

sikosadmi tradiciulad gahyva baSinjaRianebis ojaxs" (26). giorgi<br />

baSinjaRiani ara marto SesaniSnavi mxatvari, mwerlobaSic gawafuli<br />

pirovneba yofila. moTxrobebs xSirad qarTuladac werda. misi erT-erTi<br />

moTxroba `axirebuli maspinZeli" 1920 w. dabeWdila gazeTSi `saxalxo<br />

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saqme", xolo mis mier somxurad naTargmni a. wereTlis leqsebis nawili<br />

TbilisSi gamomavalma somxurma gazeTma `Smakma", ufro adre, 1915 wels<br />

gamoaqveyna.<br />

g. baSinjaRiani erTgvarad rusTvelologic iyo. mas zedmiwevniT<br />

scodnia `vefxistyaosani" da Seusrulebia sami suraTi ukvdavi poemis<br />

mixedviT. siRnaRSi, baSinjaRianebis ojaxi, rogorc vTqviT,<br />

qarTulenovani iyo da s. faSaliSvilTanac qarTulad hqonia mimowera.<br />

mxatvris Svilebs miznad dausaxavT TavianTi saxelovani mamis<br />

moRvaweoba aReweraT da TanamedroveobisaTvis gaecnoT. Tavis droze s.<br />

faSaliSvils qarTulad gauwyvia g. ბaSinjaRianis zemoxsenebul<br />

moTxrobaSi CarTuli leqsi. 1963 w. 22 ianvars gamogzavnil werilSi<br />

(14, saqme 28650-93) _ mxatvris qaliSvili a. nikogosova (baSinjaRiani) did<br />

madlobas uZRvnis qarTvel poets aRniSnuli leqsis qarTulad gawyobisa<br />

da Targmanis Sesaxeb sasargeblo rCevebisTvis. s. faSaliSvilis werili<br />

mas gaugzavnia erevanSi Tavisi ZmisTvis, zaqaria baSinjaRianisTvis,<br />

romelic im dros somxuri presisTvis amzadebda werils Tavisi mamis<br />

qarTul mwerlobasTan literaturuli kavSiris Sesaxeb, kerZod,<br />

`vefxistyaosnisa" da misi avtorisadmi damokidebulebis sakiTxebTan<br />

dakavSirebiT. zaqaria baSinjaRiani erevnidan gamogzavnil werilSi (14,<br />

saqme 28650-84). s. faSaliSvils atyobinebs, rom sxvisagan gaugia<br />

`dauviwyar SexvedrebSi" g. baSinjaRianze mogonebis Sesaxeb. igi sinanuls<br />

gamoTqvams wignis uqonlobis gamo da umorCilesad sTxovs, iqneb<br />

weriliT acnobos, rac ki mxatvris cxovrebasa da saqmianobaze icis. es<br />

yovelive mas sWirdeboda SoTa rusTavelis dabadebis 800 wlis<br />

iubilesTan dakavSirebiT gamosaqveynebeli werilisTvis, romelzec<br />

imJamad muSaobda.<br />

s. faSaliSvils misTvis Cveuli gulisxmierebiT Seudgenia sapasuxo<br />

werili, romelic mogonebebis wignTan da siRnaRis raionul gazeT<br />

`kolmeurnesTan" erTad gaugzavnia q. erevans.<br />

zaqaria baSinjaRiani TviTonac dainteresebuli yofila rusTavelis<br />

poemasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebiT. 1966 w. 13 ivliss q. stavropolidan<br />

gamogzavnil werilSi (14, saqme 28650-85). igi s. faSaliSvils<br />

`vefxistyaosnis" teqstTan da mis avtorTan dakavSirebul mraval<br />

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sakiTxze sTxovs ganmartebebs. qarTvel poets, cxadia, arc es<br />

delikaturi Txovna ar dautovebia yuradRebis miRma da damatebiTi<br />

masalebi gaugzavnia somexi megobrisTvis.<br />

SoTa rusTavelis poemis g. ბaSinjaRianiseul disuraTebas CvenSi<br />

`imTaviTve farTod gamoexmaura qarTuli sazogadoeba. gazeTi `iveria" _<br />

1889 wels werda..., ufro mogvianebiT ioseb griSaSvili gamoexmaura<br />

presaSi... Zalze sagulisxmoa mixeil javaxiSvilis naazrevi mxatvris<br />

maneraze..." (26)<br />

rac Seexeba mimowerebs, igi damegobrebuli somxur­qarTuli<br />

ojaxebis STamomavlebSic grZeldeboda.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis `dauviwyari Sexvedrebi" kidev mraval saintereso<br />

ambavs mogviTxrobs. masSi mkiTxveli bevr ucnob epizods Sexvdeba<br />

irodion evdoSvilis cxovrebidan (`xalxis siyvarulSi daferflili<br />

guli"), romelsac vicnobT Tavisi tragikuli bediT. avtori dawvrilebiT<br />

swored misi cxovrebis ukanaskneli dReebis Sesaxeb wers.<br />

wignis erTi monakveTi, saTauriT `raindi mgosani" eZRvneba kote<br />

mayaSvilis gaxsenebas, romlis Sesaxebac vaxtang kotetiSvils derptis<br />

universitetSi studentad yofnisas waukixavs SesaniSnavi leqcia<br />

saTauriT `saRi guli". SemdegSi, urTierTSexvedrisas, kotes madloba<br />

gadauxdia vaxtang kotetiSvilisaTvis da uTqvams: „SeiZleba yvelaferSi<br />

marTali iyoT, magram saRi guli ki tyuilad momakereT. aTasi isriT<br />

daWrili guli saRi rogor iqnebao" (43, 190). marTlac, Rrmad daWril<br />

guls daatarebda igi sayvareli Svilis, maros udroo da tragikuli<br />

daRupvis Semdeg.<br />

vaJa­fSavelas vrceli mogonebis Semdeg, s. faSaliSvili arc Tedo<br />

razikaSvils iviwyebs, romelTanac uSualo siaxlove akavSirebda. wignis<br />

avtorma mas `aragvis naTluli" uwoda. erTxel, sadRegrZeloSi uTqvams<br />

Tedos: `Cveni vaJa aragvis Svilobilia, Cven kia, me da baCanai _ misi<br />

naTlulebi varT!" (43, 176) .<br />

1913 wlis aprilSi, gorSi gamarTul s. faSaliSvilis literaturul<br />

saRamos eswrebodnen Tedo razikaSvili, kita abaSiZe, quTaisidan<br />

sagangebod mowveuli daviT kldiaSvili... saRamos Semdeg klubis<br />

restoranSi gaSlil sufras Tedo razikaSvili Tamadobda. vaxSmis<br />

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sufrasTan imyofeboda poloneli oficeri, vinme bikovi. Tedos,<br />

miuxedavad Tavisi `bursakuli rusulisa" (ase dascinoda sakuTar Tavs<br />

aqcentis gamo), mouxiblavs Tanamesufreni stumarTa SekavSirebis unariTa<br />

da saintereso sityvebiT. bikovis pativsacemad ki mouxmia mickeviCisa da<br />

senkeviCis nawarmoebTa mniSvneloba carizmis winaaRmdeg poloneli<br />

xalxis Seudrekeli brZolis saqmeSi da paralelebi gauvlia qarTuli<br />

literaturis mebrZol ideebTan.<br />

`Будет свободная Польша, будет свободная Грузия. Да здравствует час<br />

освобождения! _ wamoiZaxa man da sadRegrZelo mickeviCis sityvebiT<br />

daasrula" (43, 184).<br />

SeRvinebul damswreTa Soris am sityvebs aRtaceba gamouwvevia. bevri<br />

gabeduli sadRegrZelo Tqmula. uecrad restornis Soreuli kuTxidan<br />

gamoWrila podpolkovnikis samxreebiani rusi oficeri da<br />

SezarxoSebuls Turme TedosTvis Seutevia:<br />

`−Итак, значит, господа, вы призываете к бунту, не правда? Господин офицер,<br />

- miumarTavs bikovisTvis, ­ говорил, что Польшу надо освободить, так? и<br />

Грузию тоже, так?" (43, 184).<br />

aseT provokaciul gamoxtomas uecrad dabneuloba gamouwvevia iq<br />

msxdomTa Soris, magram ar Semdrkala sufris Tamada. Tedos rusi<br />

oficrisTvis metiCara uwodebia da mkacrad miuTiTebia wesrigisaken.<br />

rusi oficeri amas Turme ar moeloda da SemkrTala, radgan Tedos<br />

Semdeg igi mrisxaned dautuqsavs daviT kldiaSvils, romelmac,<br />

miuxedvad sidinjisa da Tavmdablobisa, `uecari gulis mosvla icoda da<br />

aseT SemTxvevaSi ki aravis dazogavda, miT umetes cecxls daayrida Tu<br />

aseTi axirebuli Cinovniki Cauvardeboda xelSi" (43, 184). Tedos<br />

moxerxebulma `gaRma gadavebam" da `dinji daviTis" `mrisxane Setevam"<br />

ucxo oficeri daabnia. mas bodiSi mouxdia da ganucxadebia, rom mxolod<br />

`Tavisi damatebebis" Setana surda oratorTa sityvebSi.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis wignis naTeli furclebia mogonebani vano<br />

sarajiSvilze, sandro axmetelze, vaso goZiaSvilze, valerian guniaze,<br />

taso abaSiZesa da xelovnebis sxva moRvaweebze.<br />

mogonebaTa avtori upirvelesad xazs usvams vano sarajiSvilis<br />

qarTul xasiaTs. milanidan axladswavladamTavrebuli momRerali<br />

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TbilisSi Camosuliyo. maSin ruseTidan Tu evropa­amerikidan `mravali<br />

mopatiJe" gasCenoda mas, romlebic `oqroTi savse peSvebsac uwvdidnen",<br />

magram vano pirvel rigSi Tavs qarTvel kacad Tvlida da rogorc<br />

momRerals, sakuTari davaJkacebiT, Tavisive ojaxSi surda damtkbariyo.<br />

imdroindeli romansi, romelic ki iwereboda, mowmdeboda imis mixedviT,<br />

Tu rogori gamovidoda igi sarajiSvilis SesrulebiT. rac qarTuli<br />

romansebi mogvepoveba, mxolod vanos SesrulebiT SeiZleba CaiTvalos<br />

namdvil qarTul da karg romansebad _ vkiTxulobT `dauviwyar<br />

SexvedrebSi". avtoris TqmiT, vano iyo saocrad mousvenari da<br />

daudgromeli kaci _ sportsmeni, monadire, mocekvave, salamurze<br />

damkvreli, yvelafris mimdevari, rasac ki sicocxlisaTvis xalisis<br />

Semateba SeeZlo.<br />

1922 w. ivnisSi vano sarajiSvilma monawileoba miiRo s.<br />

faSaliSvilis literaturul saRamoSi. ori wlis Semdg ki poets bedma<br />

arguna vanos Zmuri pativiscema samgloviaro leqsiT gadaexada da<br />

saqarTvelos bulbuli mwuxare stiqonebiT gaecilebina am qveynidan. s.<br />

faSaliSvilis leqsi ase mTavrdeba:<br />

`dRes Senc gacilebs Sopenis marSi<br />

da `Tavo Cemo" ismis mkvnesavi,<br />

dRe krTeba mware cremlebis RvarSi,<br />

sarajiSvilis sicocxlesaviT!"<br />

`nu gagikvirdebaT, zogjer kacs Taviseburi poeziac gaitacebs<br />

xolme, miuxedavad imisa, rom mas leqsebis werasTan saqme ara aqvs!" (43,<br />

171). am azrs s. ფaSaliSvili aleqsandre axmetelaSvilis (igive sandro<br />

axmetelis - T. g.) ucnauri bunebidan da miswrafebebidan gamomdinare<br />

gamoTqvams. avtorisave TqmiT, sandro Tavidan teqnikosobda kidec.<br />

cxraasxuTiani wlebis boboqar dReebSi bombebs amzadebda da<br />

revolucionerebs awvdida. Tu soflad iyo, Tavisi drois axalgazrdebs<br />

Teatralur cxovrebaSi abamda, Warmagebs kooperaciuli amxanagobebis<br />

daarsebaSi exmareboda, siRnaRsa da wnorSi Tambaqos warmoebas<br />

qadagebda. iyo xalisiT savse kaci, ucnauri mofiqrebebisa. erT dros<br />

monoplanis Seqmnis ideac awuxebda Turme. kidevac daamzadebina<br />

qvemomaCxaanel durgals saTanado xelsawyoebi da aviagamocdac<br />

98

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Cautarebia `mTadidebulze", magram, rasakvirvelia, cdaს marcxi ganucdia.<br />

mogonebaTa avtori zedmiwevniT axlos icnobda sandros, vinaidan igi<br />

qiziySi, mezobel sofel anagaSi cxovrobda da mTel dros maCxaanSi<br />

atarebda. zemo maCxaanSi maswavleblobda misi meuRlec anastasia<br />

rostomaSvili. swored maSin, 1908 wels gadaixades maCxaanelebma akakis<br />

iubile, romelSic ymawvilma sikom miiRo monawileoba. maSin igi<br />

pirvelad gamovida scenaze xalxis winaSe. momavali mwerali TviTon<br />

uyurebda, Tu rogor amzadebda Tavis axalgazrda meuRles scenaze<br />

gamosasvlelad jer kidev Teatralur cxovrebaSi ucnobi aleqsandre<br />

axmetelaSvili. mogonebaTa avtormac ra icoda maSin, rom momavali didi<br />

Teatralis gakveTilebs eswreboda. SemdegSi am dReebis gaxseneba<br />

mwerlisTvis yovelTvis siamayis momgvreli iyo.<br />

TbilisSi Camosvlis pirvelsave dReebSi siko faSaliSvili<br />

dauaxlovda ioseb griSaSvils, romelic, garda imisa, rom cnobili<br />

poeti iyo, Teatralobda kidec. igi qarTul TeatrSi mokarnaxed<br />

muSaobda, Zalze daaxloebuli iyo vaso abaSiZesTan, valerian guniasTan,<br />

taso abaSiZesTan da imdroindeli qarTuli Teatris sxva korifeebTan. i.<br />

griSaSvilTan siaxlovem sikoc male daaaxlova TeatrTan. rogorc Tavis<br />

mogonebebSi aRniSnavs, qarTuli Teatris `metad xSiri stumari~ iyo da<br />

`mSvenier msaxiobTa" dasSi trialebda. imxanad siko TviTganaTlebas<br />

ewafeboda, bevrs kiTxulobda, laparakis stils xvewda. amasTanave,<br />

mSvenier leqsebs werda, xSirad saubrobda Teatralur sakiTxebze<br />

vasosTan, valerian guniasTan, lado aleqsi­mesxiSvilTan, romelTac<br />

TandaTan `WkuaSi ujdebodaT~ axalgazrda poetis saubrebi da male ukve<br />

`Soreul kacad" aRar miaCndaT.<br />

es SesaniSnavi dasi Tan axlda sikos zestafonSi gamarTul<br />

literaturul saRamoze 1917 wlis zafxulSi. es saRamo axalgazrda<br />

poets maro mdivanma da vaso uruSaZem mouwyves vaso abaSiZis<br />

monawileobiT. xalxiT gaWedili iyo zestafonis Teatris darbazi.<br />

saRamom triumfiT Caiara. sikos gverdiT xSirad idgnen da<br />

urTierTobdnen Salva dadiani, elo andronikaSvili, valerian<br />

SalikaSvili, aleqsandre imedaSvili da sxvebi.<br />

1923 wlis zafxulSi wiTelarmielTa centralur klubSi gamarTul<br />

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s. faSaliSvilis literaturuli saRamos mSvenebas warmoadgenda<br />

aleqsandre imedaSvilisa da taso abaSiZis dueti. maT mier moxdenilad<br />

gaTamaSebul vodevils, mSvenier vokalur nawilsa da poeziis<br />

ganyofilebas SesaniSnavi STabeWdileba mouxdenia damswre<br />

sazogadoebaze.<br />

sikos bedma gauRima da bavSvobaSive gaecno valerian gunias, vaso<br />

abaSiZes, nikoloz (kola) erisTavs, da lado aleqsi-mesxiSvils,<br />

romlebic siRnaRTan da maCxaanTan naTesaurad yofilan dakavSirebuli<br />

da xSirad stumrobdnen xolme mas. siko gadmogvcems im bavSvuri<br />

cnobismoyvareobis Sesaxeb, rasac ganicdida am `didebuli stumrebis"<br />

xilvisas. mwerals guli wydeba, rom yrmobisdroindeli ambebis gaxseneba<br />

sibereSi uxdeba, kerZod maSin, roca mogonebis adresatTagan arc erTi<br />

ukve cocxali aRar iyo da dagvianebisaTvis Tavisadmi guliswyvetas<br />

gamoTqvams. ufro kmayofili darCeboda, rom moeswro da es mogonebani<br />

mkiTxvelisTvis maTsave sicocxleSi gaeziarebina. iqve aRniSnavs, rom<br />

gaნvlili naxevari saukune mwerals ara marto maTi ganumeorebeli<br />

talantis TayvaniscemaSi gautarebia, aramed maTTan siaxlovesa da<br />

megobrobaSi. imave dros sikosTvis dauviwyaria is didi amagi da<br />

yuradReba, rasac isini iCendnen axalgazrda dramaturgisadmi.<br />

mogonebaTa avtori Tavisi xandazmulobis gadasaxedidan gascqeris<br />

naxevarsaukunovani drois monakveTs da naTlad xedavs dauviwyar<br />

adamianebs, romelTac mis Tvalwin gauvliaT, maTi xma xsovnaSi<br />

dauviwyarad CarCenia. xSirad Sexvedria da piradi urTierToba hqonia<br />

akaki wereTelTan, vaJa-fSavelasTan, iakob gogebaSvilTan, irodion<br />

evdoSvilTan, daviT kldiaSvilTan, kote mayaSvilTan, vasil barnovTan,<br />

ovanes TumanianTan, kote marjaniSvilTan, lado mesxiSvilTan,<br />

aleqsandre sumbaTaSvilTan, ზaqaria faliaSvilTan, dimitri<br />

arayiSvilTan, nino da uSangi CxeiZeebTan da sxva mraval gamoCenil<br />

pirovnebasTan. mowme yofila im dReebisa, roca iqmneboda da scenaze<br />

idgmeboda `abesalom da eTeri", `Tqmuleba SoTa rusTavelze" da misi<br />

Tanamedrove sxva Sedevrebi.<br />

mwerali TayvaniscemiT ixsenebs Tavisi maswavleblebisa da<br />

mzrunvelebis uZvirfases saxelebs: nino da kote yifianebs, mariam<br />

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orbelians, petre mirianaSvils, nino da ilia nakaSiZeebs, ivane<br />

gomarTels... megobrobaSi ufrosebs da TanSezrdilebs - konstantine<br />

raWveliSvils, vaxtang kotetiSvils, maqsime berZeniSvils da mraval<br />

sxvas, romelTa srulad CamoTvla SeuZlebelia. sikos TqmiT, mTeli<br />

tomic ver daitevs im saxelebs da keTil saqmeebs, romelTa<br />

`damkvidrebis mowme" TviTon yofila da `gulSi CahbeWdia rogorc didi<br />

sixaruli".@<br />

s. faSaliSvilis memuarebi marto `dauviwyari SexvedrebiT" ar<br />

amoiwureba. mwerlis pirad arqivSi inaxeba saxelovan adamianebTan<br />

urTierTobis amsaxveli mravali mogoneba, milocva da werili, romelTa<br />

mwerluri daxvewa da memuarebis wignSi Setana mizanSewonilad aRar<br />

miuCnevia.<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, `dauviwyari Sexvedrebi~ avtoris erT mTlian<br />

mxatvrul­literaturul nawarmoebs warmoadgens. igi TavgadasavalTa<br />

poetur Txrobas hgavs, romelsac hyavs moqmedi pirebi - TeTrad<br />

TmadaTovlili didi akaki, mTis arwivi vaJa-fSavela, irodion evdoSvili<br />

Tavisi tragikuli bediT, kote mayaSvili - garegnuli zviadobiT,<br />

Sinagani siTboTi da `daWrili guliT", ovanes Tumaniani - brwyinvale<br />

weriliTa da ufro brwyinvale azriT qarTvelTa poetobaze. Tedo<br />

razikaSvili _ Camwarebuli sicocxlliT, niko sulxaniSvili _ uiRblo,<br />

udrood wasuli amqveynidan... Cvens Tvalwin iSleba naTeli furclebi<br />

sikos megobrobisa daviT kldiaSvilTan, vano sarajiSvilTan, kita<br />

abaSiZesTan. wignis Rirseba is aris, rom mravali ram miviwyebuli da<br />

saerTod ucnobi, mkiTxveli sazogadoebisTvis am wigniT nacnobi gaxda. s.<br />

faSaliSvilis memuarebis saSualebiT gavigeT bevri ram axali da<br />

saintereso, ara zerele da yurmokruli, aramed TviT avtoris mosmenili<br />

da naxul­gancdili, mxatvrulad aRwerili. wigni TavgadasavalTa da<br />

mogonebaTa poeturi Txrobaa. amitomac igi ase sainteresod ikiTxeba.<br />

g) publicistika<br />

s. faSaliSvilis Semoqmedebas yovelTvis Tan axlavs mkveTri<br />

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publicisturi paTosi. publicisturi saxiT warmoCenil sazogadoebriv-<br />

politikur Tu sameurneo mdgomareobis amsaxvel sakiTxebs mwerloba<br />

yovelTvis farTod exmianeboda. s. faSaliSvilis gadmocemiT, mweralTa<br />

kavSiris sxdomaze poetma simon Ciqovanma wamoWra narkvevis sakiTxi da<br />

darbazSi msxdomT sTxova azris gamoTqma TviT narkvevis saxeobaze da<br />

mis mizandasaxulobaze (saqme exeba narkvevis sakiTxis ganxilvasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT 1934 wlis cnobil polemikas, romlis wamomwyebic s.<br />

Ciqovani gaxldaT). aRniSnuli sxdoma ayalibebda azrs `narkvevebis<br />

mxatvruli literaturis dargidan gankveTis Sesaxeb, magram Janrma mainc<br />

daicva Tavisi ufleba. mis dasacavad gamovidnen... k. gamsaxurdia, t.<br />

tabiZe, b. JRenti" (41, 25). aRniSnul polemikaSi aqtiurad CaerTo s.<br />

faSaliSvili. maSin sxdomam mxari dauWira wamoWrili sakiTxis<br />

ganxilvas. mxatvruli narkvevis am literaturuli JanrisaTvis saxelis<br />

darqmevis saqme maSindel mwerlobaSi dagvianebuladac miiCnies. aRiniSna,<br />

rom epoqam es sakiTxi stiqiurad wamoWra.<br />

s. faSaliSvili Tavis vrcel gamosvlaSi miesalma s. Ciqovanis mier<br />

narkvevis problemis ase aqtualurad da organizaciulad dayenebis<br />

iniciativas, vinaidan, misi azriT, ukve damkvidrda drois ZiriTadi<br />

movlenebis farTo masebisaTvis gacnobis meTodi.<br />

mwerlis TvalTaxedviT, am kuTxiT Taviseburi uaryofiTi mxareebic<br />

warmoCinda _ gaxSirda `narkvevis gaxalturebis" SemTxvevebi. amitom misi<br />

mowodebiT, qarTul mwerlobas xelSi unda aeRo is saWe, romelic<br />

wamyvan gzas miscemda mxatvruli literaturis am metad saintereso<br />

Janrs, narkvevs, igive publicistikas. aqedan saWiro gaxda mxatvruli<br />

narkvevis ZiriTadi xasiaTis, daniSnulebis gansazRvra, misi, ase vTqvaT,<br />

stilis dadgenac.<br />

am mimarTulebiT sxdomaze saintereso debulebebi iqna mosmenili.<br />

gamomsvlelebma daasaxeles mravali masala, rogorc mxatvruli<br />

narkvevebi, anu iseTi nawerebi, romlebic Tavisi aRnagobiT maT<br />

uaxlovdeba. dasaxelebuli iyvnen rogorc ucxo, ise qarTveli<br />

klasikosebi sakmaod Soreuli warsulidanac ki. iTqva, rom uwindel<br />

droSi publicisturi Janris, igive narkvevis, Sesaxeb aravin saubrobda,<br />

magram narkvevs yovelTvis unda hqondes epoqis Sesatyvisi<br />

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mizandasaxuloba.<br />

mweralTa kavSiris aRniSnul sxdomaze, s. faSaliSvilis TqmiT,<br />

narkvevis avtorebad daasaxeles ioane batoniSvili (`kalmasoba~), platon<br />

ioseliani, sulxan-saba, giorgi merCule, i. WavWavaZis `mgzavris<br />

werilebi", g. wereTlis `kikoliki­Cikoliki..." da sxvebi. `me vfiqrob<br />

sakiTxis ase dayeneba ar aris swori... miuxedavad aq dasaxelebul<br />

nawarmoebTa genialurobisa, arc erTi maTgani ar SeiZleba aRiarebuli<br />

iqnas rogorc iseTi narkvevis tipiuri nimuSi, romelsac moqalaqeoba<br />

unda misces Cvenma epoqam, rogorc Tanamedrove mxatvrul narkvevs.<br />

imitom ki ara, rom isini Cveni drois problemebs ar exebian, aramed<br />

imitom, rom maT sruliad sxva saxe da xasiaTi aqvT" (14, saqme 28649-3, f.<br />

2). marTlac, maTi umravlesoba samogzauro aRwerilobaa, nawili<br />

geografiul­eTnografiul mimoxilvas Seicavs, xolo zogierTi dRiurebs<br />

ganekuTvneba. mwerals magaliTisaTvis mohyavs `mgzavris werilebi" da<br />

aRniSnavs, rom igi SeiZleba yvelaze udavo narkvevad iqnas miCneuli,<br />

oRond Sesabamisad Tavisi epoqisa: `is ilias an misi politikur ­<br />

sazogadoebrivi kredos sqema ufroa, SesaniSnavi lirikul ­ elegiuri<br />

SesavliT da politikuri daskvniT" (14, saqme 28649-3 f. 2).<br />

s. faSaliSvilis azriT, Cvens narkvevs ar evaleba romelime<br />

sameurneo dargobrivi problemis gadaWra an sazogadoebriv ­<br />

politikuri sakiTxis gadawyveta. aseT sakiTxebs qveynis politikuri<br />

xelmZRvaneloba da istoria gadaWris. Cveni narkvevis movaleobas unda<br />

Seadgendes istoriis mier gadawyvetili problemebis safuZvelze<br />

qveyanaSi Seqmnili realobis Cveneba da ara maTi uSualo gadaWra, Tumca<br />

xsenebul problemaTa gadaWrisaTvis brZolis arcTu pasiuri monawilis<br />

roli Svenis. mwerali, xSirad, Tavisi maxvili TvaliT ufro adre<br />

dainaxavs epoqaluri mniSvnelobis sirTuleebs, vidre nebismieri sxva.<br />

rac ufro didia Semoqmedi, ramdenadac axlos icnobs sazogadoebriv<br />

urTierTobebs da droebas _ awmyos da namyos, miT ufro srulyofilad<br />

asaxavs arsebul sinamdviles, an momavlis mosalodnel Zvrebs.<br />

s. faSaliSvili ramdenime sityviT Cerdeba `narkvevis", rogorc<br />

aseTis, terminis Sesaxeb da marTebulad mianiSnebs, rom narkvevi<br />

gamorkvevis Sedegia. misi azriT, sityva `narkvevi" mTlianad gansazRvravs<br />

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ogorc mis Sinaarss, ise mis daniSnulebasac. sruliad zedmetad miaCnia<br />

yoymani imaze, Tu ramdenad Sesaferisia sityva `narkvevi" aseTi Janris<br />

literaturuli nawarmoebisaTvis.<br />

s. faSaliSvili ar gamoricxavs, rom yvela mwerali SeiZleba ver<br />

werdes narkvevs. igi Seexo zemoaRniSnul sxdomaze k. gamsaxurdias<br />

sityvaSi Camoyalibebul azrs, rom narkvevis xarisxis bedi<br />

damokidebulia mwerlis marjvenaze. am winadadebis sapirispiro<br />

magaliTad s. faSaliSvili imowmebs gamoCenili norvegieli mwerlis<br />

knut hamsunis saxels, romlis mimarT udides mowiwebas iCenda k.<br />

gamsaxurdia: `WeSmaritad `cidan Camovardnili" mweralia igi...<br />

Wabukobisas migemia misi surnelovani romanebi" (5, 25). s. faSaliSvils<br />

Seaqvs koreqtivi k. gamsaxurdias sityvaSi da azustebs, rom kargi<br />

marjvena kidev ar warmoadgens narkvevis weris srul garantias. `Tundac<br />

iseTi msoflio avtoriteti, didi mwerali, rogoric knut hamsunia... man<br />

saqarTveloSi mogzaurobis dros dawera iseTi tipis mimoxilva,<br />

rogorsac aq narkvevebi uwodes. groSad ar ivarga, miuxedavad knut<br />

hamsunis `kargi marjvenisa" da genialuri kalmisa" (14, saqme 28649-3, f. 3).<br />

s. faSaliSvils Semdeg mohyavs magaliTebi qarTuli mwerlobidan da<br />

aRniSnavs, rom bolo dros literaturul presaSi xdeboda narkvevebis<br />

demonstracia, romelTa avtorebi Cveni `saxelmoxveWili mwerlebi arian,<br />

maT saucxoo marjvena aqvT leqsebisa Tu moTxrobebis weraSi, magram<br />

maTi narkvevebis didi umravlesoba metad moisustebda. TvalsaCino<br />

nawili ki imdenad uvargisi iyo, rom ai, am darbazSi `xalturac" uwodes"<br />

(14, saqme 28649-3, f. 3). iqve mianiSnebs, rom narkvevs aqvs Tavisi<br />

specifiuri raRac saidumlo rgoli, romelsac mwerali Tu ver ipovis,<br />

maSin marjvenac ver uSvelis, aseve, verc cal­calke ­ kargi<br />

beletristoba da kargi poetoba.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis mTeli Segnebuli samwerlo moRvaweobis udidesi<br />

nawili, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, daemTxva saqarTveloSi sabWoTa<br />

xelisuflebis gamarjvebisa da mkacri diqtaturis periods. im dros, ise<br />

rogorc sxva yvela, sikoc unda damorCileboda partiul­administraciul<br />

moTxovnebsa da miTiTebebs. mwerali Tavis sityvaSi kidec aRiarebs, roca<br />

aRniSnavs, rom narkvevi marto beletristuli midgomiTac ver daiwereba,<br />

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adgan beletristikas uyvars faqtebis TviTneburi dalageba, zogjer<br />

maTi Seqmnac da iseTi arqiteqturuli Senobis ageba, romelic kidec ari<br />

da arc aris sinamdvile. aseTi narkvevis dawerisas `meore dResve fexze<br />

dadgeba partkomi, profkomi Tu direqcia. marto mza faqtebic ar<br />

mogcemT narkvevs, igi mSrali saangariSo moxseneba gamogivaT. maSasadame,<br />

aq saWiroa politikur­mxatvruli alRo, Jurnalistisa da beletristis<br />

SeerTeba da ra Tqma unda kargi marjvenac" (14, saqme 28649-3, f. 4).<br />

s. faSaliSvilis azriT, Cvens mwerlobaSi TiTqmis yvelam scada<br />

kalami narkvevis weraSi, bevrma maTganma gamoiCina Tavi rogorc am<br />

saqmeSi maRali niWiT dajildoebulma.<br />

mwerali iqve Seexo paralelebis sakiTxsac. magaliTisaTvis moiyvana<br />

mweral k. melaZis uaryofiTi damokidebuleba narkvevebSi paralelebis _<br />

Zvelisa da axlis Sepirispirebis sakiTxze. siko, ise rogorc zogierTi<br />

sxva, ar daeTanxma k. melaZis debulebas da drois moTxovnebis<br />

Sesabamisad daaskvnis, rom Zvelisa da axlis paraleli aucilebelia,<br />

mxolod sxva ramea, Tu narkvevis avtori xels mihyofs Zvelis<br />

idealizacias. es yovelive, rogorc mwerali migvaniSnebs, misi piradi<br />

dakvirvebidan momdinareobs.<br />

zemoaRniSnulidan irkveva, rom mweralTa wreSi, Tavis droze,<br />

narkvevis sakiTxi mniSvnelovani kamaTis saganad iqca. rogorc cnobilia,<br />

literaturismcodneTa didi nawilis azriT narkvevi mxatvruli<br />

literaturis erT-erTi saxeobaa, romelSic sinamdvilis asaxva<br />

publicistur aspeqtSi xorcieldeba. narkvevis avtori axdens arsebuli<br />

realobis Tavisebur axsnas da Cveulebriv komentirebas realurad<br />

arsebuli cxovrebiseuli sinamdvilis asaxvis dros. zogjer narkvevSi<br />

mxatvrul elements ganmsazRvreli mniSvnelobac ki aqvs miniWebuli.<br />

gansakuTrebiT mTavaria saxeebis mxatvrulad warmoCena, Tumca<br />

`maRalostaturad daweril narkvevSi publicisturic cocxlad,<br />

xalisianad gadmoicema, publicisturic iseve gansakuTrebulia, rogorc<br />

sinamdvilis Tematuri masala" (18, 4-5) - ambobs mkvlevari d. iovaSvili s.<br />

faSaliSvilis narkvevebTan dakavSirebiT<br />

1934 wels `saxelgamma" calke wignad gamoca s. faSaliSvilis<br />

narkvevebis krebuli, romelsac `Zvel yamirebze" hqvia.<br />

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aRniSnul wignSi avtoris narkvevTa umetesi nawilia Sesuli.<br />

zogierTi gamoqveynebulia qarTul presaSi. `es narkvevebi... exeba<br />

movlenebsa da adamianebs, romelTac avtori icnobs ara erTis naxviT,<br />

ubralo Tvalis gadavlebiT... zedmiwevniT flobs mTel masalas, ris<br />

garSemoc wers. es masala mas gulmodgined awonil­dawonili,<br />

gafiltruli Semoaqvs TxrobaSi" (18, 80). ZiriTadi beWdviTi organo,<br />

romelSic s. faSaliSvilis narkvevebi ibeWdeboda, iyo gazeTi `muSa".<br />

aRniSnuli narkvevebi ZiriTadad sabWoTa epoqis kaxeTis regionis<br />

saxalxo meurneobis wamyvani dargebis (mevenaxeoba, mecxoveleoba,<br />

marcvleulis warmoeba, samelioracio mSeneblobani...) ganviTarebisaTvis<br />

mimdinare mniSvnelovan Zvrebs asaxavs, roca komunisturi enTuziazmi iyo<br />

xelisuflebisgan mizandasaxuli sayovelTao mowodeba mSromeli masebis<br />

gmiruli SemarTebis gamosavlenad. imdroindeli kaxeTi egreTwodebuli<br />

`damkvreluri" Sromis Casabarebeli gamocdebis universitetad iqca,<br />

raSic soflis mSromelebma, swored sabWoTa xelisuflebis<br />

saxelmwifoebrivi diqtaturis wyalobiT, Tavbrudamxvev warmatebas<br />

miaRwies sasoflo­sameurneo warmoebis mraval dargSi.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis narkvevebi iwereboda maSin, roca sabWoTa<br />

cxovrebis wesi myarad fexmokidebuli iyo. mwerlis kalams uciloblad<br />

Tan unda xleboda drois Sesabamisi ideologiuri gamarTuloba.<br />

sxvagvarad werisa da azrovnebis ufleba aravis hqonda.<br />

mwerali namdvili mxatvruli gemovnebiT, mwerluri xelovnebis<br />

maRali ostatobiT mkiTxvelis Tvalwin warmoaCens kaxuri vaznaris,<br />

udabnos ayvavebis, alaznis auzis, Siraqis saZovrebis Tvalwarmtac<br />

suraTebs da im warmatebebs, romelsac imdroindelma sazogadoebam<br />

garkveul etapze miaRwia.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis publicisturi narkvevebi ara mxolod dokumenturi<br />

da cifruli anaricxebia imdroindeli epoqis garkveuli miRwevebisa,<br />

aramed isini warmoadgenen avtoris SemoqmedebiTi ostatobis SesaniSnav<br />

nimuSebs.<br />

wigni `Zvel yamirebze" erTgvari srulyofilebiT asaxavs kaxeTis<br />

SemogarenSi gaSlil SromiT saqmianobas, ris Sedegadac mravali xrioki<br />

da jagnari namdvil baRnarad gadaiqca. erT ­ erT aseT narkvevs<br />

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warmoadgens `udabno". `dRes gulSi survili Cavide, jibeSi bloknoti da<br />

haida TrialeTisaken" (41, 5), mogviTxrobs avtori Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi<br />

mogzaurobis Sesaxeb.<br />

wignis Sesaval nawilSi s. faSaliSvili aRniSnavs, rom sabWoTa<br />

sofeli udidesi Temaa mxatvruli SemoqmedebisTvis. axalma<br />

sazogadoebrivma rekonstruqciam istoriuli Zvrebi gamoiwvia soflad da<br />

geografiuladac Secvala misi iersaxe. udidesma sarwyavma arxebma<br />

gadaWres kaxeTis yamiri velebi. avtori mogviTxrobs adreuli<br />

Suasaukuneebis (Tamarisa da misi winare epoqis) samelioracio sistemaze,<br />

romelsac kaxeTSi uarsebia. aq iCens Tavs mwerlismieri asaxviTi<br />

paralelebi, romlis Sesaxebac zemoT gvqonda saubari. arxebis<br />

mSeneblobis damTavrebam `gaanedla gadaxrukuli miwis zedapiri".<br />

`amonalis fxvierma daxliCa sali kldeebi" da axalma gzebma yamirebSi<br />

`urTulesi manqanebi" Seiyvana. swored am suraTebma misca SemoqmedebiTi<br />

masala qarTul mwerlobas iseTi, rogorsac socialisturi ideologia<br />

misgan moiTxovda.<br />

s. faSaliSvilma fexdafex Semoiara TiTqmis naxevari saqarTvelo.<br />

moinaxula Siraqisa da alaznis marcvleulis gigantebi.<br />

mwerali agvisaxavs winandals, `romelic odesRac... garsevan<br />

WavWavaZes ekuTvnoda, Semdeg ki ruseTis saimperatoro ojaxs, magram<br />

mainc gapartaxebuli da amogdebuli iyo" (41, 3-4).<br />

`udabno" pirvel narkvevadaa Setanili aRniSnul wignSi. mwerals<br />

udabnosaken gezi borjomis xeobidan auRia. igi sasiamovno mwerluri<br />

eniT, mravalnair ferebSi warmosaxavs udabnos sabWoTa meurneobis<br />

mSeneblobis amsaxvel suraTebs, rasac moxdenilad uxamebs mTidan<br />

daqanebuli patara ruebis Cxrialis xmas da irgvliv amwvanebuli tyeebiT<br />

garemoculi bunebis simSvenieres. s. faSaliSvili sakiTxis mwerlur<br />

gardasaxvas arc iwyebs da arc amTavrebs mSrali saaRricxvo masalis<br />

mowodebiT. wignis kiTxvisas iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom saqme exeba<br />

maRalmxatvrul moTxrobas Tu novelas. faqtebisa da movlenebis<br />

harmoniaSi Serwyma mimzidvel sakiTxavad warmogvidgens aRniSnul<br />

narkvevebs. zogierT maTgans avsebs istoriuli masala, romelic Txrobis<br />

mimdinareobaSia CarTuli.<br />

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avtors mizandasaxulobis miRwevis erT­erT aqtiur saSualebad<br />

gamoyenebuli aqvs xalxuri sityva-Tqmani ­ folkloruli masala cxvar-<br />

Zroxis gamravlebis da nadirisagan dasacavi locvebisa da leqsebis<br />

moxmobiT. cxvris kulti odiTganve yofila gabatonebuli aRmosavleT<br />

saqarTvelos mosaxleobaSi _ rogorc mTaSi, ise barSi. hyoliaT<br />

mecxvareobis mfarveli xat­RmerTebi da maTTvis msaxurebis adaT­<br />

wesebic hqoniaT gamomuSavebuli. `cxvris, rogorc kuTxis sameurneo<br />

obieqtis, SenarCunebis sifrTxilis alRo uZevs safuZvlad, magaliTad<br />

oCxaris, anu oCxis tradicias, romelmac Cvens dromde moaRwia, rogorc<br />

Cveni mecxvareobis specifikurma Cveulebam" (41, 14).<br />

oCxari anu oCxi warmoadgenda Temuri wyobilebidan moyolebuli<br />

jgufuri Sewirulebis mowyobas dazaralebuli mecxvaris sasargeblod.<br />

klimaturi pirobebis cvalebadobis SemTxvevaSi cxvari xSirad<br />

avaddeboda. rogorc daavadebis, aseve cxvris movla-moSenebis saqmeSi<br />

mTavari iyo Selocvebi da ara wamlobis raime saSualebebis gamoyeneba.<br />

yofila SemTxvevebi, roca mTeli fara daRupvia mecxvares, magram xeli<br />

ar Cauqnevia da axali imedebiT Sesdgomia meurneobis aRdgenas.<br />

mecxvareebs yovelTvis gaaCndaT urTierTTanadgomis Segneba.<br />

dazaralebuls gasaWirSi marto aravin miatovebda. wesis mixedviT es<br />

ukanaskneli moamzadebda xorags, ludsa da arays da xonCebiT miitanda<br />

daTqmul adgilze. iq iyridnen Tavs Semweobis aRmomCeni mecxvareebic,<br />

romlebic aseT SemTxvevaSi aTeulobiT cxvars usaCuqrebdnen<br />

dazaralebuls. amas erqva oCxaris gamarTva. avtors mravali<br />

zepirsityvieri masala Seugrovebia TuS ­ fSavelTa Soris gavrcelebuli<br />

oCxaris Sesaxeb. zogierT gadmocemas Tan erTvis kuriozuli epizodebi.<br />

aseTia Raribi TuSi mecxvaris ambavi, agreTve Tqmuleba mecxvare Wreluas<br />

av bedze, romelsac civ amindSi mTaze gadasvlisas Tovl - WyapSi<br />

`mTlad Cauregva farai, met ro ebada Tmazeda". Wrelua mxolod<br />

gadarCenili ZaRlebiTRa `dabrunda gzazeda". hkiTxaven:<br />

`−Wrelua raT gi ZaRlebi,<br />

raRaT magidis barCia?<br />

−kidevac gamamadgeban<br />

oCxariT naSov cxvarCia!"<br />

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aseTi imedis momcemi iyo oCxari yoveli dazaralebuli<br />

mecxvarisaTvis.<br />

xalxuri gadmocemebidan vgebulobT, rom `kerZo sakuTrebis<br />

gansamtkiceblad Tavis klasobriv moZmes zogjer asobiTac swiravda<br />

mdidari TuSi, romelsac `talavar ar ecva tanzeda" (41, 16), − daaskvnis<br />

mwerali.<br />

s. faSaliSvili yuradRebas amaxvilebs imazec, rom daZleul iqna<br />

saukuneobrivi problema _ qistebsa da TuS­fSav­xevsurTa Soris<br />

arsebuli winaaRmdegobani, cxvrisa da saqonlis jogebis urTierT<br />

datacebaSi rom gamoixateboda. damTavrda maT Soris saZovrebis<br />

gadanawilebis mtkivneuli sakiTxic. gatarebulma RonisZiebebma wertili<br />

dausva sisxlisRvrasa da mkvlelobebs mxareTa Soris, rac imdenad<br />

fexmokidebuli yofila, rom xalxSi amis gamo mravali leqsi, simRera da<br />

Tqmuleba SemorCenila.<br />

qistebSi gavrcelebuli cxvris farebisa da saqonlis jogebis<br />

urTierTsesxebis tradicia im garantiebs emyareboda, rom zafxulSi<br />

TuS­fSavelTa cxvar­Zroxa moefineboda saZovrebs da maTi datacebis<br />

Semdeg gaistumrebdnen vals. `samas sul gvasesxeviTo, SamouTvlian<br />

joyolourebs piriqeTelTa, _ axla zafxul dgebisao, TuSebis cxor<br />

amova samToTa, mavitac da dagibrunebTav sesxsao" (41, 21). ase uambnia<br />

Cveni mwerlisTvis Siraqis gzaze erT pankisel mecxvares. am niadagze<br />

warmoSobili dapirispireba imdenad mwvave iyo, rom xSirad adgili<br />

hqonda mkvlelobebs or mezobeli tomis warmomadgenlebs Soris. dResac<br />

mRerian TuSeTSi xalxuri lirikidan inerciis ZaliT SemorCenil aseT<br />

striqonebs:<br />

atirdnen qistis qalebi,<br />

aRar mouvaT qmarebi,<br />

vai, Tu Sexvdnen TuSebi,<br />

daayrevinen Tavebi.<br />

adgilobrivTa gadmocemiT igive striqonebi qistebis sayvareli<br />

simReracaa, oRond TuSebis misamarTiT.<br />

cxvris farebisa da saqonlis jogebis mtaceblobis saukuneobrivi<br />

tradiciebis arsebobis aRmofxvras, mezobelTa Soris SuRlis mospobas<br />

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da Sina saZovrebis garSemo atexili davis mowesrigebas (ufro<br />

daTrgunvas _ T. g.) avtori sabWoTa xelisuflebis damsaxurebad miiCnevs<br />

da sruliad samarTlianadac. fSaur-qisturi problemis `mogvareba" ra<br />

mosatania im masStaburi problemebis gverdiT, rac sabWoTa imperiam<br />

msoflio arenaze `moawesriga" Tavisi sastiki meTodebiT.<br />

socialisturma rekonstruqciam Searyia da moSala odiTganve<br />

fexmokidebuli da droTa svlaSi ganmtkicebuli wes-Cveulebani<br />

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sasoflo­sameurneo warmoebaSi, kerZod,<br />

mejogeoba­mecxvareobaSi. 1928 wlidan Camoyalibebas iwyebs<br />

sazogadoebrivi koleqtiuri meurneobebi. `am dRidan daiwyo cxvris<br />

masiuri Sesyidva saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi" (41, 23). Tu ras niSnavda es<br />

`Sesyidva", amis momswre da TviTmxilvelni jer kidev cocxloben CvenSi.<br />

avtori iZulebulia gverdi auaros am faqtobriv masalas da mxolod<br />

Sedegebze amaxvilebs yuradRebas _ udabnoSi cxvris uzarmazari fara<br />

Zovs noyier balaxs. mecxvareobis zrdis daCqarebul tempebs<br />

esaWiroeboda gamocdili muSakebi, mcodne, erTguli da saqmis moyvare<br />

adamianebi. iwyeba aseTi kadrebis mozidva. `...da udabnoSi movida xalxi<br />

komblebiTa da CanTebiT, xeleCoebiTa da najaxebiT, xe­tyiTa da<br />

cementiT, datvirTuli manqanebisa da urmebis qaravnebma pirvelad daqnes<br />

bilikebi..." (41, 23).<br />

am dasawyisis Semdeg aTeuli wlebi gavida. udabno erT­erT<br />

mowyobil, mozrdil soflad iqca kaxeTis regionSi.<br />

mecxvareobis ganviTarebis saqmeSi aucilebel pirobas warmodgenda<br />

saZovrebiT uzrunvelyofis sakiTxi. `eldari _ cxvris deda" _ ase<br />

dausaTaurebia erT­erTi narkvevi avtors.<br />

s. faSaliSvili xazs usvams imas, rom mecxvareobis tradicia CvenSi<br />

socializmis epoqiT ar dawyebula. zemoT gvqonda saubari, rom soflis<br />

meurneobis am dargs gavlili aqvs mniSvnelovani genetikuri ganviTarebis<br />

sakmaod seriozuli safexurebi. amas, cxadia, Tan unda xleboda movlis<br />

pirobebis gaumjobesebac, magram rogorc avtori ambobs, savaraudoa,<br />

raime istoriulma ukuRmarTobam aRniSnuli dargi kvlav primitiul<br />

donemde daiyvana da aseTi mdgomareobiT movida Cvenamde, iqneb mTlad ase<br />

arc iyo saqme, magram is ki udavoa, rom mecxvareobis ganviTarebas Zalze<br />

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Seuwyo xeli eldaris velebis saZovrebad gamoyenebam. avtori am<br />

saZovrebis `warmoSobas" sabWoTa xelisuflebis damsaxurebad miiCnevs.<br />

s. faSaliSvili gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobs kaxeTSi<br />

mevenaxeobis ganviTarebis sakiTxs. bunebrivia, igi vazs ganixilavs<br />

qarTveli xalxis, miT ufro, kaxeTis mxaris uZveles kulturul siamayed<br />

da dRevandelobis sidiaded. mwerali guldasmiT mogviTxrobs vazisadmi<br />

kaxeli glexis saTuT damokidebulebaze, vazis movla­patronobis<br />

uZvelesi tradiciebis ukvdavebaze.<br />

narkvevebSi _ `axali vaznari", `winandali", `yvareli", `vaWevi" _ s.<br />

faSaliSvili srul warmodgenas gviqmnis winandlis, mukuznis,<br />

nafareulis sabWoTa meurneobebis mevenaxeTa miRwevebze. mwerals<br />

TxrobaSi gegmazomierad Seaqvs istoriuli faqtebi. narkvevebis avtors<br />

garkveuli muSaoba Cautarebia mematianisagan ausaxveli, magram<br />

adgilobrivi zepirgadmocemebiT moRweuli istoriuli masalebis<br />

Sesagroveblad. maTi gamoyenebiT amdidrebs da ucnobi detalebiT avsebs<br />

qronikebSi gadmocemul faqtebs. amitom igi mizanmimarTulad aRwers<br />

winandlis WavaWavaZeTa sagvareulo adgil­mamulis moSlisa da gauqmebis<br />

istoriul ambavs. amiT igi Tavs aRwevs Sesabamisi narkvevis mSral<br />

masalaze aRmocenebas da saintereso sakiTxavad aqcevs mas. `zedmetad ar<br />

mimaCnia mcire cnobebis moyvana am mamulebis ruseTis imperatorTa<br />

qonebad gadasvlis Sesaxeb" (41, 162), _ gveubneba avtori da mokled<br />

mimoixilavs garsevan WavaWavaZis warCinebuli ojaxis warsul sidiades.<br />

gvesaubreba garsevanis memkvidris, romantikosi poetis aleqsandre<br />

WavWavaZis siaxloveze rusuli aristokratiis warmomadgenlebTan, misi<br />

ojaxis did kulturul damsaxurebaze aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi.<br />

gvawvdis xalxSi mimobneul zogierT zepir cnobas aleqsandre<br />

griboedovisa da nino WavWavaZis SeuRlebisa da jvrisweris Sesaxeb.<br />

mwerlis TqmiT, al. griboedovis `vai Wkuisagan"­is mravali strofi<br />

winandlis sasaxleSi unda iyos dawerili.<br />

s. faSaliSvili exeba Samilis winaaRmdeg warmoebuli brZolebis<br />

sakiTxsac da gadmogvcems daviT WavWavaZis (al. WavWavaZis memkvidris)<br />

ojaxis datyvevebis ambavs. cnobilia, rom daviTma tyveTa gamosasyidi<br />

Tanxa _ oTxasi aTasi oqro imperator aleqsandre III-is brZanebiT<br />

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saxelmwifo xazinidan sesxad miiRo da Samils gaugzavna. aRebuli valis<br />

gadaxda daviTma veRar SeZlo da dagiravebuli misi mamulebi winandlis<br />

sasaxlianad imperatoris ojaxma dainarCuna.<br />

meurneobis gafarToebis mizniT mefis xelisuflebam saxlkarianad<br />

ahyara axlo-maxlo soflebis mcxovrebni. daiwyo axali venaxebis gaSeneba<br />

winandalSi, mukuzansa da nafareulSi. isini `saufliswulo mamulebad"<br />

aqcies. gatarebul RonisZiebaTa gamo mTlianad gauqmda al. WavWavaZis<br />

istoriuli ojaxi da kulturul­literaturuli saloni. ase daufasa<br />

saimperatoro karma garsevan WavWavaZes da mis STamomavlebs udidesi<br />

damsaxureba ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis sakiTxSi.<br />

erTgvarad ideologiuri SeboWiloba axlavs Tan Zveli da axali<br />

drois urTierTSedarebiT warmosaxvas. winandali rom odiTganve<br />

mevenaxeobiT ganTqmuli iyo, amaze saubari arc aris saWiro. magram<br />

avtori mwvave, radikaluri simZafriT warmoaCens rusi mmarTvelebis, am<br />

axali baton-patronebis zedamxedvelobis qveS zvarSi momuSave kaxeli<br />

glexebis gausaZlis mdgomareobas, Tumca igi am SemTxvevaSic namdvil<br />

folklorul masalebs eyrdnoba.<br />

sabolood, mwerali mSromelebis aseTi gausaZlisi yofis<br />

dasasrulsac axali drois monapovrad Tvlis. 1921 wlidan dawyebula am<br />

adgilebSi zvrebis ganaxleba sruliad axali namyeniTa da kulturulad<br />

gaSenebuli venaxebiT. s. faSaliSvili mogviTxrobs axali vaznaris<br />

gaSenebis dadebiT Sedegebze.<br />

sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis ganviTarebas kaxeTis mosaxleobis<br />

cxovrebis materialuri donis amaRleba mohyva, rasac TandaTan uwyobda<br />

fexs kulturuli winsvla _ mosaxleobaSi swavla­ganaTlebis danergva.<br />

dRis wesrigSi idga soflis meurneobis adgilobrivi kadrebiT<br />

uzrunvelyofis sakiTxi. kaxeTma es problemac warmatebiT daZlia.<br />

istoriulad dadasturebulia, rom arxebisa da saerTod sarwyavi<br />

sistemebis arseboba adreul saukuneebs ganekuTvneba. naTesi miwebis<br />

morwyvis aucilebloba yvela drois problemas warmoadgenda. s.<br />

faSaliSvili gvesaubreba XII saukuneSi aSenebuli kaxeTis sarwyavi<br />

sistemis naSTebis Sesaxeb, rac dRemde yofila SemorCenili alaznis<br />

midamoebSi. qarTvelTa winaprebs arxebic uSenebia da puric mouwevia.<br />

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sxvanairad arc iqneboda. rogorc Cans, Cveni xalxis cxovrebaSi, sabWoTa<br />

epoqis alaznis arxis mSenebloba ar yofila pirveli wamowyeba. mxolod,<br />

axalma droebam sxva epoqaluri masStabebis mSeneblobani moiTxova.<br />

sabWoTa qveyanam mSromeli masebis samuSao Zalis dauzogavi mobilizebiT<br />

da Tavisi drois teqnikis gamoyenebiT SeZlo arsebuli reliefuri<br />

sirTulis daZleva da Seqmna sarwyavi arxis mSeneblobis axali vrceli<br />

sistema (advili misaxvedria, Tu ra Zalisxmeva dasWirdeboda im Zveli<br />

arxis mSeneblobis mesveurT maSindel droSi).<br />

warmoudgenlad didia alaznis arxis mniSvneloba kaxeTis soflis<br />

meurneobis warmatebuli ganviTarebis saqmeSi. alaznis arxis mSeneblobis<br />

ideis ganxorcielebis Semdeg SeiZleboda `oqros mosavlis" miReba.<br />

narkvevebis avtori ambobs, rom alaznis auzis didi nawili saukuneobiT<br />

gamofituli da damyayebuli iyo. mwiri, xrioki Soroqnebi sarevela<br />

balaxebiT, CirgvebiT gadavsili usargeblod da unayofod Tvlemda da<br />

kaxeTis mSromeli mosaxleoba yovelTvis ver iyenebda mas.<br />

mwerali xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom xsenebuli arxis gayvanas<br />

milionebi, `ujiaTi Sroma" da mSromeli xalxis `didi nebisyofa da<br />

gamZleoba" dasWirda. `yvelaferi es gaaCnia sabWoTa qveyanas da uxvad<br />

daaxarja mas" (41, 122), _ daaskvnis igi.<br />

s. faSaliSvili socializmis Tanamedrovea da drois SesabamisobaSi<br />

aqcevs kaxeTis soflis meurneobis sxvadasxva dargis daCqarebuli tempiT<br />

ganviTarebasac da sarwyavi sistemis Seqmnasac. miuxedavad amisa, mwerali<br />

ar iZleva mSral cifrul monacemebs socialisturi kaxeTis warmatebis<br />

aRsanusxavad. TiToeul narkvevSi mocemul masalas, anu TiToeul<br />

mwerlur Temas ganixilavs istoriul warsulTan SepirispirebaSi,<br />

Zvelisa da axlis paralelebSi, ara imitom, rom naTlad dagvanaxos<br />

Tavisi drois sidiade, piriqiTac SeiZleba iqnes danaxuli yovelive.<br />

araferia ucxo imaSi, Tu dRevandeli guSindels sjobs da avtori amas<br />

aRniSnavs. didi akakis Tqmisa ar iyos, rasac axla vjerdebiT da riTac<br />

dResa varT kmayofilebi, xval is sakmarisi aRar aris. sazogadoebrivi<br />

cxovreba progress TavisTavadac ganicdis da winsvlac TavisTavadi<br />

movlenaa an, logikis gaTvaliswinebiT, ase unda iyos. avtors, roca<br />

socializmis drois mejogeoba-mecxvareobas exeba, lavirebuli svlebiT<br />

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imis rwmunebamde mihyavs mkiTxveli, rom aq axali araferia, rom cxvarsa<br />

da saqonlis jogebs kaxeTsa da TuSeTSi odiTganve uarsebia. asaxelebs<br />

im cnobil mecxvareTa gvarebs (buquraulebi, guguTaSvilebi,<br />

yayiCaSvilebi), romlebsac aTiaTasobiT suli cxvari ebadaT. saubrobs<br />

mosaxleobaSi cxvris kultzec ki.<br />

winandlisa da mukuznis, nafareulisa da yvarlis axali vaznaric<br />

arafers ambobs gansxvavebuls. iqve, avtori vrclad saubrobs vazis<br />

kulturis uZvelesobaze kaxeTSi. kaxeTi odiTganve ganTqmulia<br />

mevenaxeoba­meRvineobiT. kaxel glexs Tavisi moweuli puriT da RviniT<br />

yovelTvis SeeZlo ojaxis darCena.<br />

zemoT aRvniSneT, rom s. faSaliSvili mkveTrad uaryofiT<br />

ganwyobilebas amJRavnebs mefisdroindeli rusi moxeleebisagan<br />

adgilobrivi mSromelebisadmi araadamianuri mopyrobis gamo. Zveli da<br />

axali droebis amsaxveli paraleluri aRweris saSualebiT avtori<br />

avlens mwerlur radikalizms _ rusuli marTva­gamgeobis msgavsi<br />

despotizmi, rogorsac igi narkvevebSi warmosaxavs, TviT Sua<br />

saukuneobrivi aRmosavluri ganukiTxavi eqspansiebis drosac ki ar icoda<br />

Cvenma sazogadoebam.<br />

amrigad, s. faSaliSvilis narkvevebi warmoadgens iseT publicistur<br />

nawarmoebebs, romlebSic urTierTSerwymulia avtoris publicistur-<br />

mxatvruli alRo, Jurnalistur­beletristuli mTlianoba da<br />

daxelovnebuli `mwerlis kargi marjvena".<br />

mxatvruli literaturis es Janri, romelic uaxles qarTul<br />

mwerlobaSi gasuli saukunis 20­ian wlebSi Camoyalibda da<br />

saxeldebulia mxatvrul narkvevad, qarTuli prozis miRwevad unda<br />

CaiTvalos.<br />

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Tavi III.1920 wlis literatu olmika da siko faSaliSvili<br />

1920 wlis gaxmaurebuli literaturuli polemika mniSvnelovani<br />

movlena iyo im drois qarTul mwerlobaSi. erTmaneTis pirispir<br />

gamovidnen grigol robaqiZe da ioseb griSaSvili. i. griSaSvilis mxari<br />

dauWira siko faSaliSvilma. Tavidanve aRvniSnavT, rom g. robaqiZe da i.<br />

griSaSvili oriode wliT adrec upirispirdebodnen erTmaneTs qarTul<br />

poeziaSi sonetis warmoSobisa da damkvidrebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

maSinac iyo vnebaTa Relva. didi energia daixarja, mravali<br />

urTierTkritikuli werili gamoqveynda presaSi, magram 1920 wlis<br />

polemika ufro gaxmaurebuli, xangrZlivi da daundobeli aRmoCnda. igi<br />

ar warmoadgenda 1918 wlis polemikis gagrZelebas. unda iTqvas, rom<br />

grigol robaqiZe erT­erTi im SemoqmedTagani iyo, romelic mudam pativs<br />

scemda i. griSaSvilis poetur niWs. mravali mSvenieri citatis moyvana<br />

SeiZleba, sadac igi griSaSvilis poezias maRal Sefasebas aZlevs. 1917<br />

wels i. griSaSvilis mier gamocemul Jurnal `leilas" pirvel nomers<br />

darTuli aqvs g. robaqiZis meTauri werili, romelSic vkiTxulobT:<br />

`leila" _ aRmosavleTis silamazea am saxeliT mokveTili. kargi uqnia<br />

Cvens mokiskase griSaSvils, es Jurnali rom am saxeliT mounaTlavs" (28.<br />

1). momdevno wels ki robaqiZe­griSaSvils Soris ukve mimdinareobs<br />

mZafri kamaTi sonetis garSemo.<br />

yvelaferi imiT daiwyo, rom erT­erT saRamoze g. robaqiZes<br />

waukiTxavs Tavisi `soneti simons" (igulisxmeba simon jafariZe _ T. g.),<br />

romelsac win waumZRvara zepiri prozauli eqskursi sonetis Sesaxeb da<br />

mianiSna `cisferyanwelTa" damsaxurebaze sonetis qarTul poeziaSi<br />

pirvelad Semotanis da damkvidrebis saqmeSi. amas mohyva i. griSaSvilis<br />

werili `saiTnova", romelSic avtori saubrobs sonetis versifikaciaze.<br />

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qarTul poeziaSi misi damkvidrebis TariRad asaxelebs 10­iani wlebis<br />

dasawyiss. i. griSaSvilis azriT, `cisferyanwelTa" literaturuli<br />

jgufis Camoyalibebamde CvenSi ukve iwereboda tipuri sonetebi. amiT<br />

daiwyo paeqroba. dapirispirebis arenad iqca gazeTebi `saqarTvelo" da<br />

`saxalxo saqme". 1920 wlis polemikac am gazeTebis furclebze gaiSala.<br />

zogierT Tanamedrove kritikulwerilSi (a. xinTibiZe, g. imedaSvili<br />

_ T. g.) marTebuladaa miTiTebuli, rom bolos es `daundobeli wakideba<br />

orives sananeblad gauxda da griSaSvilma soneti uZRvna robaqiZes.<br />

samagierod `leilas" pirvel nomers g. robaqiZis werili meTaurad<br />

uZRvis" (17, 12). ufro meti sicxadisaTvis vityviT, rom Jurnal `leilas"<br />

pirveli nomeri 1917 wlis ianvarSi gamovida grigol robaqiZis meTauri<br />

weriliT Semkobili, xolo zemoxsenebuli kamaTi 1918 wels gaimarTa.<br />

amave wels i. griSaSvilma grigol robaqiZes uZRvna cnobili soneti da<br />

isic kamaTis dawyebamde, vinaidan, maSin es sonetic kritikuli ganxilvis<br />

cecxlSi moeqca _ kerZod, g. robaqiZis werilSi `pasuxad griSaSvils"<br />

(31). avtori exeba ra sonetis SemoRebas saqarTveloSi, saubrobs sonetis<br />

formaze, riTmaze, garegan da Sinagan mxareze, ritmulobaze. aRniSnavs,<br />

rom griSaSvilma arc istoria icis sonetis da arc misi forma<br />

emarjveba. xolo `soneti robaqiZes" miuxedavad imisa, rom riTmebi<br />

kanonierad aris asxmuli... sonets garda gare mxarisa, Sinagani mxarec<br />

eWirveba" (31).<br />

sapasuxo werilSi `robaqiZesTvis" griSaSvili umal wamoiZaxebs:<br />

`afsus msjelobav!... iqneb, baton robaqiZes Cemi sonetis `Sina mxare"<br />

(romelsac mas vuZRvni) imitom ar moswons, rom Sig moxsenebuli<br />

zogierTi sityva imis qebas ar warmoadgens" (10).<br />

amdenad, arc `soneti robaqiZes" aris mokamaTeTa dazavebis Sedegi da<br />

arc `leilas" robaqiZiseuli meTauri werilia aRniSnuli sonetis<br />

samagiero.<br />

kamaTi kidev gagrZelda. mxareebi verc erT principul literaturul<br />

sakiTxSi ver SeTanxmdnen.<br />

dadga `Sesvenebis xana". Semdgomma movlenebma cxadyo, rom es dro<br />

energiis mobilizeba iyo axali kritikuli `SebmisTvis", romelic<br />

gaimarTa 1920 wels.<br />

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amjerad, Jurnal `Svidi mnaTobis" 1919 wlis №2­Si daibeWda grigol<br />

robaqiZis mier Targmnili oskar uaildis drama `salomea". i. griSaSvils<br />

Jurnal `leilaSi" msubuqad gaukritikebia aRniSnuli Targmani _<br />

qarTulisaTvis zedmetad miuCnevia masSi nacvalsaxelebis simravle da<br />

zogierTi sityvis orTografiuli uzustobani. ase, magaliTad, `vecxli",<br />

`kvtarebi", `Sepudrulnia", `gaiars" da sxva.<br />

am SeniSvnas gauRizianebia amayi xasiaTis grigol robaqiZe da<br />

mogvianebiT gazeT `saqarTveloSi" ori feletoni daubeWdavs saTauriT<br />

`qarTuli ritmuli". meore feletonSi griSaSvilsac `gadahkra": ~roca<br />

`salomea" vTargmne, bevri sityvis, magaliTad: `mkvdaris" magier, romelic<br />

enas mostexs warmomTqmels, me vixmare `kvdris", `mani" movacile, radgan<br />

ar ismis da sityva ritmulad gaiSala. es ar moswonebia viRac maruTa<br />

Suamdinarels, magram ra moeTxoveba iseT finaCs, romelsac fsevdonimic<br />

ver gamougonebia aragamakretinebeli" (34) (i. griSaSvili werilebs<br />

maruTa Suamdinarelis fsevdonimiT aqveynebda _ T. g.).<br />

i. griSaSvils es werili waRverSi yofnisas waukiTxavs. metad<br />

daRonebula g. robaqiZis am `gaborotebuli frazis" wakiTxvisas.<br />

masalebis uqonlobis gamo patara werili dauweria (`salomeas garSemo")<br />

da `saxalxo saqmis" redaqtorisTvis gaugzavnia, werili mix.<br />

sayvareliZes miuRia, romelsac maleve daubeWdavs igi.<br />

i. griSaSvili Tavis werilSi g. robaqiZes moixseniebs im mwerlad,<br />

romelic `sicocxleSive arqeologiur naSTad" iqca, rom igi amas<br />

Tavadac grZnobs da amitom daaneba Tavi leqciebis gamarTvas `cnobili<br />

leqtoris" saxeliT. axla ki wyalwyala werilebs wers `brazisa da<br />

boRmis gadmosanTxevad" imaTze, vinc gabeda da robaqiZis poetobaze<br />

Zviri ram Tqva. robaqiZe didxans sdumda (misi feletonebi i. griSaSvilis<br />

SeniSvnebidan rva Tvis Semdeg daibeWda _ T. g.), dRes ki<br />

erovnul­demokratebis organoSi Sefarebuli futuristi uxeirod<br />

gahkivis aTasjer gadaReWil erTsa da imave azrebs. `ritmis Tu riTmis"<br />

Sesaxeb sakiTxi, ganagrZobs griSaSvili, TavisTavad sainteresoa da ara<br />

erTi mcodne piri Sexebia mas sruliad miukerZoeblad, zogadad, da<br />

`mecnierebaSi erTxel damkvidrebuli zomierebiT". robaqiZes ki aseTi<br />

werilebi `piradi interesebis dasaokeblad gauxdia".<br />

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`xumroba iqiT iyos da me vamtkiceb, rom robaqiZem qarTuli ena da<br />

qarTuli enis buneba srulebiT ar icis. SeiZleba robaqiZe kargi<br />

molaparake iyos scenidan, magram igive nalaparakevi qaRaldze<br />

gadatanili hkargavs Tavis STabeWdilebas" (11). am naTqvamis<br />

dasamtkicebldad i. griSaSvils moaqvs `salomeas" qarTuli Targmani,<br />

romelic, misi TqmiT, jer rusulad aris mofiqrebuli da mere qarTulad<br />

naTargmni, datvirTuli `provinciuli gamoTqmebiT" da auarebeli<br />

nacvalsaxelebiT, rac qarTul enas `sruliad ar egueba".<br />

bolos i. griSaSvili winadadebas aZlevs gazeT `saqarTvelos~<br />

redaqcias, romelmac `uSeniSvnod" miiRo misi `finaCoba" da amiT<br />

mfarveloba gauwia robaqiZis Targmans, rom SeirCes `sapaeqro jgufi",<br />

romelSic Sevlen `rogorc Zveli, ise axali qarTulis mcodne pirebi" da<br />

Tu es jgufic moiwonebda aseT gamoTqmebs _ `kvtari", `gaiars", `vecxli",<br />

`magari" (mag ari, viTom `eg ari" _ i. g.), `Sepudrulnia" da sxva aseTebs,<br />

maSin `maTi xmali da Cemi kiseri" _ daaskvnis werilis avtori. minawerSi<br />

i. griSaSvili ganmartavs Tavisi fsevdonimis (maruTa Suamdinareli)<br />

momdinareobasac da aRniSnavs, rom robaqiZes ar ainteresebs Zveli<br />

qarTuli mwerloba, Torem gaigebda, rom es saxeli da gvari ukve<br />

arsebobda Zvel saqarTveloSi. robaqiZes, ruseTis garda, saqarTvelos<br />

warsulic rom ainteresebdes gaigebda, rom `maruTa Suamdinareli iyo<br />

kaci friad niWieri, Zvel saxarebaTa erTguli daraji (gadamwereli,<br />

Semnaxveli) _ raTa saeklesio mwerloba daecva mkrexelTa xelisagan (ix.<br />

korneli kekeliZis `kimeni")", vinidan i. griSaSvilis sofelsac Turme<br />

SuaSi mdinare Camoudis, usargeblebia am fsevdonimiT, rom `kritikuli<br />

STabeWdilebani" (sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo) am saxelwodebiT ewera da<br />

amiT qarTuli poezia gaeTavisuflebina `robaqiZisTana mkrexelTa<br />

xelisagan", ise, rogorc maruTa Suamdinareli icavda saeklesio<br />

mwerlobas mkrexelTagan.<br />

i. griSaSvilis am pasuxs amjerad male gamoexmaura grigol<br />

robaqiZe, manamde ki i. griSaSvils mxari dauWira siko faSaliSvilma da<br />

grigol robaqiZis pirvelsave kritikul werils Seaxvedra `sapasuxo". s.<br />

faSaliSvilis Careva aRniSnul polemikaSi sruliad kanonzomieri Cans<br />

g. robaqiZis werilidan (`qarTuli ritmuli") gamomdinare. man ara marto<br />

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epizodurad da sxvaTaSoris moixsenia s. faSaliSvilis saleqso<br />

striqonebi damcirebulad, aramed zogierTi abzaci mTlianad dauTmo mis<br />

kritikas, rac gamowvevad aRiqmeba. amis Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiT<br />

qvemoT, uSualod werilebis ganxilvisas, gveqneba saubari.<br />

`sapasuxo" Zalze moswonebia i. griSaSvils. sikosadmi gagzavnil<br />

pirad werilSi igi wers: `siko! es aris axla wavikiTxe robaqiZis pasuxi.<br />

Senic daxvda. `movida setyva" magondeba. Seni pasuxi momewona Zalian.<br />

magrad da Rrmad aris dawerili... mTavar azrSi vamarcxebT. robaqiZis<br />

azri maruTasadmi andazas hgavs:<br />

−gamarjoba, petre,<br />

−akuras mivdivar­o.<br />

me `salomeze" vekamaTebi (`kvtarze", vecxlze"), is ki `garebas"<br />

Cahfrenia... me ki `salomes" garSemo vkamaTob da vwuxvar, rom oskar<br />

uaildis mSvenieri `salome" robaqiZem gaaupatiura. es aris da es" (14,<br />

saqme #28650-26, f. 4).<br />

s. faSaliSvilis `sapasuxo" kargad awonil­dawonili, elastiuri da<br />

moqnili eniTaa dawerili, romelic ramdenadme gansxvavdeba am kamaTis<br />

mTavar monawileTa stilisagan. s. faSaliSvilic da i. griSaSvilic<br />

upirvelesad sayvedurs gamoTqvamen g. robaqiZisadmi, rom man ar icis<br />

mopaeqrisadmi pativiscema da jiutobs, amasTan, ar erideba umarTebulo<br />

sityvebis gamoyenebas.<br />

s. faSaliSvili xazs usvams, rom g. robaqiZem Tavis literaturul<br />

moRvaweobas tendenciuri xasiaTi misca. xelovnuri kritika jgufobrivi<br />

brZolis saSualebad gadaaqcia da sistematurad ganagrZobs am meTodis<br />

gamoyenebas. misi azriT, robaqiZis tendenciuroba mimarTuli iyo<br />

mweralTa erTi jgufis sawinaaRmdegod, kerZod, imaT sawinaaRmdegod,<br />

romelic ar ekuTvnis `yanwur" mimarTulebas da amiT opoziciaSi udgas<br />

robaqiZes da mis jgufs.<br />

g. robaqiZis simpaTiebi `cisferyanwelTa" literaturuli jgufis<br />

mimarT yvelasaTvis kargad cnobilia. igi namdvili sonetis avtorad<br />

swored am jgufis warmomadgenlebs da sakuTar Tavs miiCnevs. s.<br />

faSaliSvilis azriT, `yanwelebi" `Tavisi saxelis gamarTlebas sxvis<br />

dasamarebaSi eZeben" da robaqiZec, rogorc maTi medroSe, awarmoebs<br />

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mudmiv `laSqrobas" xsenebuli opoziciis winaaRmdeg.<br />

`piradi angarebiT aRZrul robaqiZes weriTa Tu laparakiT xSirad<br />

uxdeba Zveli favoritebis uaryofac, romlebisTvisac erT dros didad<br />

Tavgamodebuli iyo da maTTvis `cecxlovan" diTirambebs hxarjavda" (49).<br />

unda iTqvas, rom s. faSaliSvilis es miniSneba arcTu simarTles<br />

moklebulia. zemoT vaxseneT XX saukunis 10­ian wlebSi robaqiZe ­<br />

griSaSvilis urTierTobis amsaxveli faqtebi. namdvilad sakvirvelia<br />

robaqiZis mier yovelTvis xotbaSesxmuli griSaSvilis axlandeli<br />

daundobeli kritika, ufro lanZRva. aRniSnuli dapirispireba scildeba<br />

literaturuli polemikis normebs da urTierTSeuracxyofamde midis.<br />

s. faSaliSvili ambobs, rom axla droni icvalnen, `robaqiZec<br />

gapoetda da Catyda xidi". amaSi xedavs igi robaqiZis calmxrivobis<br />

mizezs.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis `sapasuxoSi" vkiTxulobT avtoris saintereso<br />

msjelobas qarTuli sityvis ritmuli daxvewisa da leqsis musikaluri<br />

aJRerebis Taobaze, romelic wina planze wamowia g. robaqiZem Tavis<br />

zemoaRniSnul werilSi `qarTuli ritmuli".<br />

s. faSaliSvili aRniSnavs, rom misasalmebelia da friad sainteresoa<br />

robaqiZis mier am yuradsaRebi sakiTxis wamoyeneba, `primitivma da<br />

Sablonma didi xania dro mosWama qarTul leqsSi, saWiroa axali gza da<br />

sityvaSi musikalobisaTvis esTetiuri gadajgufebis manevri" (49). siko<br />

iqve mianiSnebs, rom qarTuli ena gauqlibavia da gaumarTavi. amiT<br />

aixsneba, rom CvenSi mwerals sityvis Tavisi stili aqvs. erTmaneTSi ireva<br />

provinciuli, individualuri, kanonieri, ukanono. rusulSi ki ase ar<br />

yofila. misi azriT, qarTuli sityvis `fsiqikas" sWirdeba `anatomiuri"<br />

Seswavla da `esTetikuri qirurgia" gramatikuli kanonis dacviT.<br />

`am dargSi Tumca TviT robaqiZec avtoritetiani kacia, magram es<br />

kidev ar aZlevs mas uflebas, rom Tavisi naTqvami winaswar kanonad<br />

gamoacxados da amisaTvis `bdRviri adinos" qveyanas.<br />

es mwerluri TviTnebobaa mxolod, rasac ar moerida robaqiZe da<br />

gazeT `saqarTveloSi" moTavsebuli werili kinklaobis saSualebad<br />

gamoiyena" (49).<br />

aqedan gamomdinare, siko exeba g. robaqiZis ukanasknel feletons da<br />

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aRniSnavs, rom werilSi bevria misaRebi Tu ara yuradsaRebi mainc,<br />

gansakuTrebiT qarTuli sityvis ritmuli melodiis Taviseburebebisa da<br />

sariTmo sityvebis `Tanaswor maxvilze danaskvis meTodis" Sesaxeb. igi<br />

miesalmeba g. robaqiZis survils _ erTgvari qirurgiuli cda moaxdinos<br />

zogierTi mZime da aramusikaluri sityvis struqturis sareformaciod,<br />

raTa ufro melodiuri da martivi gaxdes leqsis ritmuli wyoba. magram,<br />

misi azriT, analizis jeris dadgomisTanave `reformatori" robaqiZe<br />

mSralze rCeba. nimuSad mxolod Tavisi `avtoritetuli" leqsis meTodebi<br />

mohyavs. naTqvamis gasamarTleblad saWirod miiCnevs griSaSvilis,<br />

faSaliSvilis da sxvebis `gamaTraxebas" da cdilobs fons gasvlas .<br />

amis Semdeg s. faSaliSvils mohyavs vrceli amonaridebi g. robaqiZis<br />

werilidan da dawvrilebiT ganixilavs maT. igi ar iziarebs robaqiZis<br />

Teorias, rom mweralma Tavi unda daaRwios zogierT `majlajuna<br />

sityvas" da amisaTvis mas unda Camoacilos ramdenime Znelad sasmeni da<br />

yru Tanxmovnebi da sityva `mohkveTos ise, rom mokle iyos" da Sig<br />

`xmovnebi sWarbobdes". g. robaqiZis TqmiT, mas `salomea" uTargmnia ise,<br />

rom bevri sityva gauSlia da sityvidan `mkvdari" amougdia `mani~". s.<br />

faSaliSvili SeniSnavs, rom es meTodi absurdamde migviyvans. `manTan"<br />

SedarebiT ufro yrud ismis `v". aseTi midgomiT ukeTesi sasmeni da rom<br />

enas ar mostexs warmomTqmels `kdari" ufroa. aseTi ganzomilebani<br />

werilis avtors miuReblad miaCnia da kategoriulad ar eTanxmeba mas,<br />

vinaidan, sikos TqmiT, logika daavalebs robaqiZes, rom aseve moepyros<br />

sxva sityvebsac. magaliTad mohyavs g. robaqiZis mier `dawunebuli" sityva<br />

`mtkvari", romelSic erTi xmovniT gamoiTqmis eqvsi Tanxmovani.<br />

sabolood `mtkvaris" nacvlad dagvrCeba `kvaris", xolo brunvaSi<br />

`mtkvris" nacvlad `kvris" da amgvari `absurdi ki kuriozebiT aavsebs<br />

Cvens daumuSavebels, magram darbaisels enas". robaqiZes lakonistobisa<br />

da melodiurobis surviliT swored rom `gakretinebamde" mihyavs Tavisi<br />

Tavi, arRvevs sityvis brunvis kanonsac da mis mniSvnelobaSic disonansi<br />

Seaqvs _ daaskvnis s. faSaliSvili.<br />

rogorc werilidan Cans, s. faSaliSvilis mosazrebani gulidan da<br />

gonebidan nasazrdoebia, Sorsaa emociurobisgan. ar SeiZleba ar<br />

daeTanxmoT mis kanonzomier daskvnebs sityvis mniSvnelobis xelovnuri<br />

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cvlis umarTebulobaSi. misi azriT, g. robaqiZes aqvs ufleba hqondes<br />

sakuTari Sexeduleba da weros kidec Tavisi surviliT, magram<br />

`aRsaniSnavia is axirebuli pretenzia, ris wyalobiTac igi<br />

TviTmpyrobelis guliswyromas acxadebs maruTa Suamdinarelis mimarT,<br />

romelsac ar moswonebia robaqiZis `remonti" qarTul sityvaSi, da<br />

robaqiZe imdenad gawiwmatebula, rom `finaCs" uwodebs mas" (49).<br />

s. faSaliSvili TandaTan aSkarad gamodis griSaSvilis mxareze. igi<br />

axla marto Tavisi mosazrebiT ki ar upirispirdeba g. robaqiZes, aramed<br />

griSaSvilis mosazrebebsac iziarebs da aRiarebs maT. siko mimarTavs g.<br />

robaqiZes, raTa gaiTvaliswinos, rom griSaSvili `viRac" ki ar aris,<br />

aramed misTvis kargad nacnobi mweralia.<br />

`esec ar iyos ras niSnavs sityva `finaCi"? robaqiZes uyvars<br />

jentlmenoba da laparakSi unda frTxilobdes, rom Seuferebeli fraziT<br />

ar gamoaCinos sulis meSCanoba" (49).<br />

amis Semdeg werilis avtori isev msjelobis sagans ubrundeba. igi<br />

eTanxmeba g. robaqiZis SeniSvnebs, rogorc i. griSaSvilis, ise a.<br />

abaSelis, S. amirejibis, g. tabiZis da sxvaTa mimarT. `mec mexeba da<br />

ambobs: `maS mag ara rwmenis taZars" gaugebaria, radgan gamodis: `maSmaga<br />

ra ` da sxvao". 157 am SeniSvnas siko Tavmdablad Rebulobs da aRiarebs,<br />

rom misi mxridan mxatvruli gamoTqma naklebxarisxovania, Tumca mTliani<br />

striqonis azri gasagebia da ase Tqmac miaCnia SesaZleblad. magram Tu<br />

`zmis kombinaciebze" midgeba saqme, yoveli gamoTqmis gadatrialeba<br />

SeiZleba azris mxriv, ­ `Sen da robaqiZes" magier SeiZleba gavigoT: Sen<br />

daro baqiZe" an `Sen darob aq iZe", magram aseTi ram SaradisTvis<br />

gamodgeba mxolod _ dasZens avtori.<br />

s. faSaliSvili reagirebis gareSe ar tovebs robaqiZis mZafr<br />

SeniSvnas saleqso striqonebis gameorebas da am saSualebiT `carieli<br />

adgilebis amovsebas" rom Seexeba. misi azriT, aseT formebs yvelgan<br />

mimarTaven, TviT robaqiZisTvis ueWveli ucxoeli avtoritetebic ki, da<br />

mohyavs mravali Sesabamisi nimuSi maTi poeturi Semoqmedebidan. ai,<br />

zogierTi magaliTi:<br />

hofmani:<br />

` . . .<br />

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как в душу вкралась, как вкралась грусть<br />

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

их было много, их было много"<br />

aleqsandre bloki:<br />

` Все на свете, все на свете<br />

знают, счастья нет "<br />

balmonti:<br />

` Я мечтаю ловиль уходящия тени<br />

уходящия тени погосовшего дня " da mravali sxva.<br />

amis Semdeg asaxelebs msgavs magaliTebs TviT g. robaqiZis<br />

leqsebidan `adonela", `iwvis Sqeri", `veris xidze", sadac Turme<br />

`ganmeorebani ferxuliviT brunaven".<br />

s. faSaliSvili saTanado yuradRebas uTmobs sityva `da"­s<br />

gamoyenebis robaqiZiseul uaryofas da ambobs, rom robaqiZe iseT<br />

magaliTebs ixmobs, sadac `da"­s gamoyeneba logikuri aucileblobaa,<br />

magram aqac `damnaSavis skamze griSaSvili da faSaliSvili sxedan". g.<br />

robaqiZis miniSnebiT, i. griSaSvils `da"­ Ti dawyebuli striqonebis<br />

`saSinel kakafoniaSi..." kargi Segirdi hyavs s. faSaliSvili... SeadareT<br />

misi leqsi `oqros jvari" i. griSaSvilisas... aq ritmze laparaki<br />

zedmetia. aRsaniSnavia, rom griSaSvilica da faSaliSvilic bolo<br />

xanebSi cota adgils rodi uTmoben leqsSi aseTs ubedur `cindriks" (34).<br />

sikos TqmiT es yovelive sxvis TvalSi bewvis Ziebaa. `da"-s aseve iyeneben<br />

rusi poetebic, TviT robaqiZec, xolo misi `umcrosi Zmebi (`yanwelebi")...<br />

Cvenze naklebad ar mimarTaven am xerxs". mravali msgavsi magaliTi<br />

mohyavs werilis avtors TviT g. robaqiZis, aseve elene darianis, tician<br />

tabiZis, paolo iaSvilis, kolau nadiraZis saleqso taepebidan:<br />

`sainteresoa, robaqiZe Tavis hamqrelTa `da"­s kanonad miiRebs Tu<br />

`saSinel kakafoniad" gamoacxadebs?.. es `poetma" robaqiZem icodes" (49), _<br />

dasZens bolos werilis avtori.<br />

TiTqos unda damcxraliyo vnebaTaRelva, an raRac etapi mainc unda<br />

gamokveTiliyo am, marTlac, `daundobel" polemikaSi, magram yovelive<br />

zemoaRniSnuli ar aRmoCnda sakmarisi `urTierTkveTebisaTvis", arc<br />

gamoucxadebeli `Sesveneba" Camovardnila maT Soris.<br />

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g. robaqiZem ar daayovna da sul male, or dReSi, gamoaqveyna s.<br />

faSaliSvilisadmi mimarTuli axali kritikuli werili `kidev<br />

ritmisTvis (27), xolo meore werili `maruTa Suamdinarels" (29),<br />

bunebrivia, i. griSaSvils `uZRvna". ukanaskneli werili ar adablebs<br />

adresatis Sefasebis kriteriums. kidev ufro gaZlierebulad JRers<br />

`finaCi". sakuTar pirovnebas moklebuli sxvisi saxelis mimTvisebeli,<br />

uaildis sityvis `instrumentaciaSi" sruliad ucodinari, qarTulis<br />

codnaSi `uvici", ai, aseTi `ukacravad pasuxia mwerali" griSaSvili<br />

iwunebs `salomeas" Targmans da iwvevs sapaeqrod robaqiZes, romelsac<br />

`amaze meti ubedureba" ver warmoudgenia, magram `qarTuli literaturis<br />

interesebisaTvis" mainc iRebs mis gamowvevas.<br />

Semdeg g. robaqiZe isev ubrundeba ritmulad gamoTqmis sakiTxs.<br />

ganixilavs zogierT konkretul sityvas, gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT<br />

iZiebs mis warsulsa da awmyos. amitom ixmobs rusTavelis, sulxan­sabas,<br />

n. baraTaSvilis da sxvaTa SemoqmedebaSi gamoyenebul ama Tu im<br />

gansaxilvel sityvas da sakuTar mosazrebaTa marTebulobas ase<br />

umtkicebs mopaeqreebs.<br />

g. robaqiZis werili `kidev ritmisTvis" Seicavs avtorisaTvis<br />

damaxasiaTebel `ampartavan" `ukarebel", `TavkerZ" (i. griSaSvilis<br />

`soneti"-dan grigol robaqiZes" ­ T. g.) tons ufro mcire salanZRavi<br />

sityvebiT. igrZnoba, rom zog SemTxvevaSi avtors gaTvaliswinebuli aqvs<br />

s. faSaliSvilis SeniSvnebi da ukanac ki dgams nabijs. ase magaliTad,<br />

calkeuli sityvis gaSlasTan dakavSirebiT gauTavebeli kamaTis gamo<br />

(`mkvdari" _ `kvdari" _ `kvtari") g. robaqiZe TiTqmis eTanxmeba s.<br />

faSaliSvilis kritikul azrs da aRniSnavs: `CvenSi jer akademia ar<br />

arsebobs da amisaTvis sabolood arc is aris gadaWrili, `kvdari" unda<br />

Tu `mkvdari". aq `manis" sakiTxi problemaa da Cems TqmaSi ar aris<br />

kategoriuloba" (27). s. faSaliSvils eWvi Seaqvs g. robaqiZis<br />

gulwrfelobaSi, es sityvebi mis diplomatiur ukandaxevad miiCnia da<br />

aRniSnavs, rom robaqiZes Tavisi mosazrebani ama Tu im sakiTxze miaCnia<br />

kanonad da aucilebel gasaTvaliswineblad sxvebisaTvis. sikos TqmiT,<br />

faqtebi amas hRaRadeben. `mkvdari"­dan `manis" gandevna kanonad miaCnia da<br />

`maruTa datuqsa, rogorc am kanonis damrRvevi da armcodne". robaqiZe<br />

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`tyuilad uaryofs" Tavis kategoriulobas - daaskvnis igi.<br />

g. robaqiZisTvis poezia pirvel yovlisa ritmuli sityvaa da poetma<br />

yovelTvis ritmuli unda arCios araritmuls. `ai, ra aris mTavari Cems<br />

werilSi b­no faSaliSvilo, daarRvieT es da Semdeg ilaparakeT<br />

gacxarebulad" (27).<br />

s. faSaliSvilis meore kritikuli werilidan `robaqiZiada"(48)<br />

naTlad Cans, rom g. robaqiZis es sityvebi sikosTvisac igive<br />

WeSmaritebaa _ `araritmuls sjobs ritmuli, cuds _ kargi..." ambobs igi<br />

da iqve garkveviT mianiSnebs, rom enis normas unda gaewios angariSi da<br />

`robaqiZis absurdebiT" ar unda icvlebodes sityvis formebi. misi Rrma<br />

rwmeniT aq `xaTrisaTvis ar SeiZleba kompromisi" da ganagrZobs, rom<br />

saWiroa sityvis sulis Seswavla. Tu vityviT `nioris gemo", `ioris veli",<br />

maSin unda vTqvaT `qaTamis xorci", `guTanis deda", `uremis Tvali",<br />

`iremis kvali" `...magram `literatori ar ityvis `guTanis dedas"... ase<br />

mxolod bavSvebi laparakoben xolme... maSasadame... bavSvebs akademiuri ena<br />

scodniaT" (48). s. faSaliSvili am SemTxvevaSi ise, rogorc zogierT sxva<br />

sakiTxTan Sexebisas, daJinebiT moiTxovs robaqiZisagan pasuxs kiTxvaze _<br />

aqarwylebs Tu ara es faqti mis `kategoriul" striqonebs? komentarsac<br />

mas miandobs.<br />

sikos ukvirs g. robaqiZis gaRizianebuli toni da misi `laSqrobis"<br />

mTavar mizezs piradi interesebiTa da revanSis wyurviliT xsnis. pirvel<br />

werilSi (`sapasuxo") s. faSaliSvili SuRlis damTesad da<br />

`ganxeTqilebis vaSlad" robaqiZis `gapoetebas" asaxelebda. axlac igives<br />

imeorebs da cdilobs mis dasabuTebas. sikos TqmiT, am ramdenime wlis<br />

win robaqiZe erT TvalsaCino figuras warmoadgenda qarTul<br />

literaturul sarbielze. magram maSin Turme igi leqsebs ar werda.<br />

xolo mis mWevrmetyvelur leqciebSi erTimeores cvlida didi saxelebi<br />

_ nicSe, giote... qarTvelTagan SoTa, ilia, akaki, nikoloz baraTaSvili...<br />

roca robaqiZe Tanamedrove poezias Seexeboda, maSin ki sul<br />

`griSaSvilis siaxle", `griSaSvilis modernistoba", `griSaSvilis niWi"<br />

ekera pirze.<br />

urTierTpativiscema sufevda maT Soris sonetis sakiTxis wina<br />

planze wamowevamde (1918 w.). arc im sabediswero sonetis sakiTxi yofila<br />

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griSaSvilis sawinaaRmdegod wamoWrili. g. robaqiZem zogadad ganixila<br />

soneti da masSi `cisferyanwelTa~ damsaxurebis gamokveTa i.<br />

griSaSvilisTvis miuRebeli aRmoCnda. igive iTqmis meore mxarezec _<br />

griSaSvilis SeniSvnaze `salomeas" Targmanis mimarT, romelic ar hgavda<br />

saomar gamowvevas. aqac mciredi gaxda urTierTgadamterebis mizezi.<br />

qarTuli andaza `Citi bdRvnad ar Rirdao" _ orive polemikis sawyiss<br />

Seesabameba _ sonetis sakiTxsac da `salomeas" Targmansac.<br />

s. faSaliSvili ixsenebs g. robaqiZis mier 1913 wels gamoqveynebul<br />

werils `foTlebi", romelSic g. robaqiZe xotbas asxams i. griSaSvilis<br />

poezias. iqve asaxelebs meore werils, romelic g. robaqiZes `Кавказ"­Si<br />

gamouqveynebia. moaqvs amonaridi: `Гришашвили исклучительное явление,<br />

многими он признан, многими нет, но мимо него никто не проходил".<br />

sikos miaCnia, rom es `Sesxmis furclebi" robaqiZem maSin dawera,<br />

roca griSaSvili jer kidev gacilebiT axalgazrda poeti iyo. mas<br />

Semdeg erTi tomiT meti leqsi aqvs dawerili. ufro daxelovnda,<br />

gaiSala da udavod did poetad iqca. maS, axla ratom miaqvs ukan Tavisi<br />

adre naTqvam­naazrevi? _ kiTxulobs siko. `me vici rac moxda" _ acxadebs<br />

igi da TviTon pasuxobs dasmul kiTxvas. kerZod, aRniSnavs, rom axla<br />

robaqiZem leqciebis kiTxvas uklo da ufro `gagvipoetda". man `am dargSi<br />

daiwyo bazris Zieba. da vinaidan icis, rom `RmerTma erTi viT acxovnos,<br />

Tu meore ar warwymindos", Seudga griSaSvilisa da mis TanamokalmeTa<br />

gabaxebas da dasamarebas" (48).<br />

iqve asaxelebs meore mizezsac, rac griSaSvilsa da robaqiZes Soris<br />

quTaisSi gamarTul saRamoze momxdar pirad uTanxmoebaSi mdgomareobs.<br />

kamaTi aqac sonetis SemoRebis sakiTxze aRiZra. sikos TqmiT, am kamaTSi<br />

griSaSvils gaumarjvnia. Semdeg s. faSaliSvils, rogorc TviTon ambobs,<br />

ori werili gamouqveynebia `mSvildosnelTa" Sesaxeb, sadac `robaqiZis<br />

poetoba avad mouxsenebia da viTom es aris mizezi robiqiZis samudamo<br />

gadamterebisa da polemikis gamarTvisa, magram robaqiZem upasuxod<br />

`miafuCeCa" es braldebebi, isev Zvelis ganmeoreba daiwyoo _ gveubneba<br />

werilis avtori.<br />

rac Seexeba griSaSvilTan sityvebis ganmeorebis robaqiZiseul<br />

kritikas, siko pasuxobs, rom adre aseT formebs griSaSvilis<br />

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musikalobad miiCnevda robaqiZe, magram axla fronti icvala da igive<br />

formisTvis Tavs daesxao. cnobilia, rom sityvaTa ganmeorebisaTvis<br />

robaqiZe msubuqad im adreul - `leilasTvis" wamZRvarebul werilSic<br />

(`foTlebi") akritikebs griSaSvils. iq, sadac gabedul poetur<br />

Sedarebebs uwonebs, ambobs - `...garda amisa, mas uyvars sityvebisa da<br />

frazebis ganmeoreba, musikalobisaTvis esec kargia, magram gadamlaSebas<br />

aqac unda eridos namdvili xelovani" (32).<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, robaqiZe swored gadamlaSebad da carieli<br />

adgilebis Sevsebis saSualebad Tvlis griSaSvilTan da mis<br />

TanamokalmeebTan sityvaTa ganmeorebas Tavis kritikul werilSi. am<br />

SemTxvevaSi mxolod musikalobaze aRarafers ambobs. SesaZlebelia,<br />

yovelive bolo drois ganwyobilebis Sedegia. isic gasaTvaliswinebeli<br />

da dasaSvebia, marTlac, gadamlaSebad miaCndes ganmeorebiTi formebi<br />

werilis avtors.<br />

s. faSaliSvili sityvaTa ganmeorebaSi miuRebels verafers xedavs da<br />

amitom rusi poetebis leqsebidanac ixmobs magaliTebs. robaqiZis pasuxi,<br />

rom balmonts sityvebis ganmeoreba wyobis formad aqvs aRebuli, ­ gaRma<br />

gadavebad miaCnia da ukiJinebs:" es me maSinac vicodi batono robaqiZev,<br />

mogaxsenebT, rom balmontis leqsi swored amiT aris lamazi (me amis<br />

Tqma gamomrCa maSin), magram sad miafuCeCeT blokisa da gofmanis leqsebi,<br />

ratom krinti ar dasZariT maTze? xels ar gaZlevdaT? maSin siCumes<br />

girCevdiT" (48). siko svams kiTxvas, − Tu balmontis mier leqsis formaa<br />

sityvis ganmeoreba, maSin ras ityvis robaqiZe griSaSvilis Semdeg<br />

striqonebze:<br />

an kidev:<br />

`dRes aWikWikdi saidumlov, iyav Cumi xval,<br />

iyav Cumi xval, dRes ki dastkbi, dastkbi SemTxveviT,<br />

samaradiso Zegls agigebs, darCi, nu mixval,<br />

darCi, nu mixval _ gevedrebi locviT, kurTxeviT."<br />

`tokavda, tokavda patara nargizi,<br />

patara nargizi, koxta da faqizi".<br />

siko isev kiTxulobs, − aqac xom wyobis formaa, maS, rad ar<br />

gaixseneT? Tavadve pasuxobs, rom robaqiZes `saqmis arsebiTi mxare" ki ar<br />

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ainteresebs, aramed `WeSmaritebisaTvis gverdis axveva, griSaSvilis<br />

Cawixvla da faSaliSvilis gamtyuneba. TiTqos griSaSvili yvelgan<br />

`amasxaravebs" am formas. ai, me giCveneT misi leqsebi. sad aris<br />

`gamasxaraveba" da `kakafonia".<br />

samarTliania s. faSaliSvili, roca ambobs, rom SeiZleba balmontma<br />

aiRo es forma pirvelad da griSaSvilma misi trafareti gamoiyena. gana<br />

aucileblad balmonti unda eZiebdes formis Taviseburebebs? magaliTad,<br />

i. griSaSvilis leqsi `Soreuls" `da" ­ Ti iwyeba da yovel xanas TavSi<br />

`da" uzis. esec xom wyobis formaa, Taviseburi xerxia. robaqiZe ki am<br />

xerxs griSaSvilisagan gamasxaravebad miiCnevs _ aRniSnavs siko da<br />

ganagrZobs, rom robaqiZe cdilobs gaamarTlos Tavis leqsebSi<br />

daSvebuli sityvaTa ganmeorebani da ambobs, rom mec maqvs leqsis metrSi<br />

sxvadasxva ganmeorebao, magram gamonaklisi mainc griSaSvili da<br />

faSaliSvilia. sikos mohyavs sityvaTa ganmeorebani robaqiZis leqsebidan:<br />

`hxedav, hxedav im kldis piras, sqel foTlovan muxis Ziras, iwvis Sqeri,<br />

iwvis Sqeri, iwvis Sqeri..." da ase Semdeg. `Tu es `sxvadasxva" saxis<br />

ganmeoreba robaqiZisaTvis kanonia da griSaSvilisTvis `kakafonia", me<br />

aRar vici, sad aris kalmosnuri `cindriki" da ra aris marTlac<br />

`kakafonia"? _ es robaqiZem ganmartos" (48).<br />

saleqso striqonis `da" - Ti dawyebis braldebas s. faSaliSvili<br />

pasuxobs, rom robaqiZe `TvalTmaqcurad" hkrefs, rac griSaSvilis wignSi<br />

`da" moipoveba, an ganmeorebuli sityvebi. yvelas amaT erTad alagebs,<br />

TiTqos yvela `da" an `hoda" erTimeores mosdevs da aseTis `domxaliT<br />

ayris mkiTxvels TvalebSi mtvers, raTa TeTri Savad moaCvenos".<br />

sakiTxavi ki is aris, Tu rad `gadaylapa" robaqiZem Tavis jgufelTa `da".<br />

robaqiZem am kiTxvaze ar mipasuxa. `es aris miukerZoebloba? es aris<br />

poeziiT wva?..." − kiTxulobs siko.<br />

is, rom g. robaqiZe Tavisi werilis Sinaarsis `ver gagebas"<br />

sayvedurobs s. faSaliSvils, yovelive zemonaTqvamis Semdeg siko isev<br />

ekiTxeba grigols, ­ ra aris mis naTqvamSi gaugebari? da TviTonve<br />

pasuxobs, rom gaugebaria misi poeturoba, misi calmxrivoba, misi<br />

jgufuri sazomi poeziaSi, `rac sawyenia friad" .<br />

bolos s. faSaliSvili exeba g. robaqiZis werilis ukanasknel<br />

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frazas, romlis mixedviTac, qarTul sazogadoebaSi `arSin malalans~<br />

ufro aqvs gasavali, griSaSvilebs da faSaliSvilebs SeuZliaT<br />

gaixarono da ambobs, es fraza pasuxis Rirsic ar aris, radgan igi<br />

kritika ki ara robaqiZisagan mxolod Tavis agdebaa. `jentlmens ufro<br />

meti sidarbaisle moeTxoveba," _ dasZens siko.<br />

aq ganxiluli polemikuri werilebidan irkveva, rom siko<br />

faSaliSvili am rTuli procesis erT­erTi aqtiuri monawile yofila.<br />

miuxedavad amisa, mas wonasworoba ar daukargavs da bolomde Rirseulad<br />

eWira Tavi. Rirseba da TavdaWera arasodes hklebiaT g. robaqiZes da i.<br />

griSaSvils, magram uaryofiTma emociam mainc dasZliaT.<br />

`robaqiZiada" iyo bolo werili sikosagan g. robaqiZis mimarT<br />

gamoqveynebuli. amis Semdeg man miiCnia, rom Tavisi saTqmeli amowura da<br />

metis saWiroeba aRar iyo. magram g. robaqiZem didxans ar daayovna da<br />

isev male gamoaqveyna mZafri werili `pasuxad" (30) _ uSualod s.<br />

faSaliSvilis misamarTiT.<br />

g. robaqiZis axali gamosvlis miuxedavad, s. faSaliSvilma, Tavis<br />

mxriv, metis Tqma mainc aRar CaTvala saWirod. vfiqrobT, samarTlianadac<br />

moiqca. igi ar eZebda mizezebs da gamowvevebs, ar axirebia<br />

mowinaaRmdeges. mxolod daeloda i. griSaSvilis pasuxs zemoxsenebul<br />

werilze `maruTa Suamdinarels". polemika gagrZelda sikos gareSe.<br />

g. robaqiZis `pasuxad" avtorisaTvis zedmiwevniT mwyobrad da kargad<br />

nafiqr­namsjelebi kritikuli werilia. SeiZleba iTqvas, g. robaqiZe arc<br />

aq Ralatobs Cveul stils, magram ramdenadme mainc igrZnoba simSvide,<br />

Tumca am simSvideSic gamosWvivis damamcirebeli azrebi, rac erTgvarad<br />

damaxasiaTebladac ki aRiqmeba g. robaqiZisaTvis aseT gacxarebul<br />

mdgomareobaSi yofnisas.<br />

werilis mixedviT, g. robaqiZes saqarTveloSi ver warmoudgenia<br />

esTetikis saqmis ise gaukuRmarTeba, rom griSaSvilebze da<br />

faSaliSvilebze ilaparakon. ver urigdeba faSaliSvilis gamosvlas,<br />

romelsac `ise aSlia weris saRerReli", rom feletonebs erTimeoreze<br />

beWdavs griSaSvilis dasacavad. faSaliSvils, romelsac `qiziyis<br />

velebis meti ara unaxavs", ver gaugia robaqiZis azri sityvaTa<br />

ganmeorebis Sesaxeb, rac leqsis wyobas axasiaTebs. es `ver gageba" Tan<br />

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sdevs aCrdiliviT. robaqiZis TqmiT, faSaliSvils isev ver gaugia, rom<br />

griSaSvilis leqsSi `tokavda" sityvaTa ganmeorebani wyobis formad ar<br />

aris aRebuli. `aq ganmeorebiT veraviTar wyobas ver gamoviyvanT. arc<br />

leqsi `Soreuls" aris aseTi, rogorc mas hgonia (yoveli xana `da'­ Ti<br />

iwyebao), radgan xana masSi xuTi aris da striqonis `da"­ Ti dawyeba ki<br />

Svidi"'(30).<br />

g. robaqiZisaTvis miuRebelia s. faSaliSvilis ganmartebebi ,,ritmze,<br />

leqsis Rirsebaze. `robaqiZiadaSi" siko leqsis Rirsebis Sesaxeb ambobs _<br />

es calke sasaubro Temaaao. iqve dasZens, yovelTvis vityvi, griSaSvils,<br />

faSaliSvils da sxvebsac SeiZleba bevri susti saleqso strofi<br />

gaaCndes, zogi leqsi SeiZleba sulac amoixios rveulidan, magram<br />

ramodenime leqsis dawuneba poets verc moklavs da verc saxels<br />

waarTmevso.<br />

g. robaqiZe amaze pasuxobs, rom faSaliSvilma unda icodes, leqsis<br />

RirsebaSi imTaviTve Sedis ritmic da sityvebis ganmeoreba swored<br />

ritmis sakiTxia. magram Turme esec ar gaegeba faSaliSvils. uwunebs<br />

msjelobis xeirianad gaumarTaobas. griSaSvilis leqsebis ritmSi rom<br />

Tavidan bolomde `kakafoniaa", amas robaqiZe kidev erTxel usvams xazs.<br />

griSaSvilis poeziisadmi adreul saqebar sityvebs `CabRauWebuli"<br />

faSaliSvilis misamarTiT g. robaqiZe kiTxulobs, faSaliSvils ratom<br />

ar ebadeba kiTxva, Tu romeli robaqiZe iyo marTali _ uwindeli Tu<br />

axlandeli. magram `faSaliSvils es ar ainteresebs, is ar Sordeba<br />

sillogizms", ambobs igi da ganmartavs, rom SesaZloa robaqiZes Tavis<br />

`esTetiurs viTarebaSi" azri Seecvala, magram es isev ar ainteresebs<br />

faSaliSvils. primitiul msjelobad miaCnia faSaliSvilis moyvanili<br />

citatebi robaqiZis leqciebidan, `foTlebidan", `Кавказ"­idan. aseve<br />

primitiulad miaCnia mosazreba `bazris Ziebis" Sesaxeb poeziaSi. Seaqvs<br />

Sesworebani sikos mier moyvanil rusTvelur TqmaSi _ `RmerTma erTi viT<br />

acxovnos, Tu meore ar warwymindos". mianiSnebs, rom mwerals evaleba n.<br />

maris codna, romelic rusTvels `epotineba", raTa ar daamaxinjos igi.<br />

amasTan, Sen amaRlde, sxva aZago _ mxolod kacunebisa da smerdiakovebis<br />

Tvisebad miaCnia, xolo faSaliSvilebi rasac Tavis TavSi mzeren, swored<br />

is elandebaT sxvis sulSi. magram faqtebi? _ kiTxulobs werilis<br />

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avtori.<br />

unda aRiniSnos, rom am monakveTSi g. robaqiZes aSkarad mRelvareba<br />

Zlevs, sisuste etyoba mis kalams.<br />

amis Semdeg g. robaqiZe swored faqtebs exeba. faSaliSvilis<br />

sayuradRebod ambobs, Tu ar icis sxvebisagan mainc Seityoso _ da<br />

ganmartavs, rom quTaisSi mas griSaSvilTan ki ara, sergo kldiaSvilTan<br />

mosvlia uTanxmoeba. rac Seexeba sonetis sakiTxSi viTom ukan daxevas,<br />

razedac Tavis werilSi saubrobs siko, robaqiZe `moTxzul ambavs"<br />

uwodebs da Tavis pozicias kidev ufro ganamtkicebs. misi azriT, amas<br />

daijerebs is, visac `baraSkajanis" meti ara waukiTxavs ra. sonetis<br />

sakiTxze griSaSvilis ”saiaTnovaSi" gamoTqmuli mosazrebani uvicobad<br />

warmoudgenia.<br />

`robaqiZiadaSi" gamoTqmul azrs, `SvildosnelTa" Sesaxeb ori<br />

feletonis gamoqveynebis gamo gaRizianebuli robaqiZis mosazrebebis<br />

`piradi interesebidan" gamosvlis Sesaxeb robaqiZe pasuxobs, rom<br />

SeuZlia mSvidad iyos faSaliSvili, vinaidan is werilebi dRemde ar<br />

wamikiTxavso, albaT, Cemi baqoSi yofnisas daibeWdao, uinteresobis gamo<br />

arc wakiTxvas vapirebo da sxva.<br />

bolos daaskvnis, rom sadac griSaSvilebsa da faSaliSvilebs aqvT<br />

gasavali, iq robaqiZe an romelime `yanweli" araTu bazris Ziebas<br />

daiwyebs, aramed ubralo gavlasac sircxvilad miiCnevs.<br />

aRniSnuli weriliT dasrulda robaqiZe-faSaliSvils Soris<br />

polemika. sikom, rogorc vTqviT, saWirod aRar CaTvala damatebiTi<br />

azrebis gamoTqma ukve ganmartebul sakiTxebze.<br />

isedac sakmao wyena miayenes erTmaneTs, mravali zedmeti sityva<br />

daixarja.<br />

am polemikis dadebiTi Sedegebi iyo literaturis Teoriis<br />

sakiTxebis wina planze dayeneba, kritikuli Sefasebani.<br />

polemikam cxadyo monawileTa didi erudicia. siko faSaliSvili<br />

Tavisuflad flobs leqswyobis Teoriul sakiTxebs, ara marto qarTul,<br />

aramed rusul da dasavlur poeziaSi. axdens aRniSnuli poeziis<br />

Teoriul analizs.<br />

rogorc vTqviT, s. faSaliSvili g. robaqiZis bolo werils aRar<br />

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gamoxmaurebia, magram ZiriTad monawileebs polemika ar SeuwyvetiaT. i.<br />

griSaSvilma da g. robaqiZem kidev mravali werili `uZRvnes" erTmaneTs.<br />

koreqtuloba isev ignorirebuli iyo. i. griSaSvilma dabeWda `nawamebi<br />

salome" (9), saTaurSive Cans `salomeas" mTargmnelisadmi agresiuli<br />

ganwyobileba, romelsac mohyva g. robaqiZis werilebis seria saTauriT<br />

`qarTulis garSemo" (33), romlebic gamoirCeva literaturul sakiTxebze<br />

srulyofili Teoriuli msjelobebiT da isev griSaSvilis lanZRviT.<br />

valSi arc i. griSaSvili darCenila da robaqiZis sawinaaRmdegod<br />

erTi saTauris qveS gamoaqveyna kidev ori werili - `salome ­ robaqiZis<br />

garSemo" (12), iseTive msjelobebiTa da lanZRviT sapirispiro misamarTiT.<br />

miuxedavad ukiduresi gamZafrebisa, mopaeqre mxareebs arasodes<br />

gamouCeniaT sulis simdable. mogvianebiT, ukve evropaSi emigraciaSi<br />

myofi g. robaqiZe qarTuli xelovnebiT (cekvis ansambliT) moxibluli<br />

axasiaTebda ra Zveli Tbilisis cekvebs, Turme miuTiTebda, rom amis<br />

gageba yvelaze ukeT i. griSaSvilsa da l. gudiaSvils SeuZliaTo. Tavis<br />

mxriv griSaSvilsac mudam awuxebda bedi samSoblos danatrebuli<br />

mwerlisa da megobrisa, romelsac axalgazrdobaSi mSvenieri soneti<br />

uZRvna.<br />

`me, piradad, mowme var, Tu rogor ganicada i. griSaSvilma g.<br />

robaqiZis sikvdili. rogor iRvreboda cremlad, roca misi<br />

gardacvalebis ambavi miutanes" (61), - ambobs mkvlevari ak. xinTibiZe.<br />

1920 wlis literaturul polemikaSi s. faSaliSvilis mkveTrad<br />

gamoxatuli pozicia, kolegebisa da megobrebis mimarT misi mokrZalebis<br />

miuxedavad, gvarwmunebs, rom mwerals gaaCnda Seuvali SemoqmedebiTi<br />

principebi. arsebuli dapirispirebis ganmavlobaSi igi mtkiced da<br />

samarTlianad icavda sakuTar Sexedulebebs da bolomde Rirseulad<br />

eWira Tavi. rac mTavaria, vgrZnobT, rom s. faSaliSvili yofila sakmao<br />

erudiciis mqone literaturis Teoretikosi da Semoqmedi, romlisTvis<br />

literaturuli nawarmoebi, literaturuli werili, Tu sajaro gamosvla<br />

SemTxveviTi da zerele ki ar iyo, aramed rogorc misi pirovnuli<br />

maxasiaTebeli, drois mkacri aucileblobiT nakarnaxevi da nagulisxmevi,<br />

rac migvaniSnebs, rom misebr dakvirvebuli, Sromismoyvare adamianebi<br />

mraval sferos Seebmebian, uWirT mxolod erTi bomonisadmi moneba da<br />

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maTi Sinagani SesaZlebloba, SemoqmedebiTi potencia uxvad gaibneva am<br />

mravalferovnebaSi. sazogadod, roca Semoqmedsa an, ubralod,<br />

pirovnebaze, mis rolsa da daniSnulebaze vmsjelobT literaturasa Tu<br />

sazogadoebaSi, usaTuod unda gaviTvaliswinoT es da misi pirovnuli<br />

saxe, swored am daxarjuli energiis eqvivalentiT unda SevafasoT. Tu am<br />

mxriv vimsjelebT siko faSaliSvilze da mis personologiur portrets<br />

SevqmniT, davrwmundebiT, rom am niadag fusfusa, Sromismoyvare da<br />

pasuxismgeblobis maRali grZnobiT savse pirovnebam ganuzomeli Zala da<br />

energia gadmoafrqvia imdroindel sazogadoebriv cxovrebas, rac<br />

vfiqrobT jerovnad unda iqnes Sefasebulic da dafasebulic. adamiani,<br />

sikeTisa da sinaTlis Semomtani eris cxovrebaSi saTanadod unda<br />

dafasdes, raTa momavalma Taobebma Seimecnon maTi keTili saqme da<br />

gaiTvaliswinon maTi damsaxureba erisa da qveynis winaSe. winamdebare<br />

naSromic swored iqeTkenaa mimarTuli, rom raRac mizezebiT<br />

garkveulad CrdiliT dafaruli saxe iseTi mravalmxriv saintereso<br />

Semoqmedisa da moRvawisa, rogoric siko faSaliSvilia, daviwyebis<br />

labirinTebSi ar moeqces, da usaTuod daimkvidros kuTvnili adgili<br />

qarTuli literaturis istoriaSi.<br />

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Tavi IV<br />

siko faSaliSvilis Semoqmedebis rolisa da<br />

adgilisaTvis me_20 saukunis qarTul mwerlobaSi<br />

me-20 saukunis dasawyisi didi sulieri Zvrebis epoqa iyo<br />

saqarTvelosTvis. am drom mravali axali problema daayena rogorc zogadad<br />

xelovnebis, ise literaturis winaSe. qarTuli mwerloba yovelTvis<br />

mizanmimarTulad da sainteresod warmosaxavda epoqalur sakiTxebs,<br />

mdidrdeboda misi msoflmxedvelobrivi areali da axali saxelebi<br />

emateboda mis fonds. SemTxveviToba ar iyo is, rom amdroindel qarTul<br />

mwerlobaSi gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebisa da potencialis mwerlebi<br />

movidnen, magram unda mivuTiToT, rom TiToeuli maTganisaTvis Tavisi<br />

qveynis umZimesi mdgomareoba umTavres da upirveles problemad rCeboda.<br />

erT-erTi imaTgani, romlebmac samSoblo da misTvis Tavdadeba<br />

sityviTa da kalmiT cxovrebis laitmotivad gaixades, siko faSaliSvilic<br />

iyo.<br />

siko faSaliSvilis samwerlo asparezze gamosvlas win uZRoda didi<br />

mniSvnelobis sazogadoebriv-politikuri movlena _ 1905-1907 wlebis<br />

burJuaziul-demokratiuli revolucia, romlis susxmac momaval mwerals<br />

yovelgvari Zalmomreobisadmi mkveTrad uaryofiTi STabeWdileba Seuqmna,<br />

rac aisaxa kidec mis SemoqmedebaSi. aRniSnuli revolucia ruseTSi<br />

marqsistuli ideebis gavrcelebis Sedegi iyo. msgavsi ideebi saqarTveloSi<br />

me-19 saukunis 90-iani wlebidan vrceldeboda.<br />

revoluciuri azrovnebis ganviTarebis kvaldakval CvenSi warmoiSva<br />

Sesabamisi revoluciur mweralTa axali jgufi, romelic literaturis<br />

istoriaSi ise, rogorc saqarTvelos istoriaSi, `mesame dasis" saxeliTaa<br />

cnobili. qarTul saliteraturo kritikaSi, aRniSnuli SemoqmedebiTi<br />

jgufis Camoyalibeba mkvlevarTa erTi nawilis mier aRiarebulia uaxlesi<br />

qarTuli mwerlobis sawyisad. `mesame dasis" paralelurad moRvaweobas<br />

ganagrZobda erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli ideebiT aRWurvili<br />

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`TergdaleulTa" mTeli pleada. erTgvarad Seusabamoa saliteraturo<br />

kritikaSi ganviTarebuli msjeloba imis Taobaze, rom mweralTa es<br />

revoluciuri jgufi `sruliad axali tipis mwerloba iyo, romelic<br />

agrZelebda me-19 saukunis didi klasikuri mwerlobis tradiciebs da amave<br />

dros qmnida axal safexurs, axal periods Cvens mwerlobaSi" 40, 4). motanil<br />

citataSi ganviTarebuli azri sabWoTa epoqidan inerciis Sedegia<br />

Tanamedrove kritikaSic. adreuli mosazrebebiT `mesame dasi" 60-ianelTa<br />

literaturuli skolis memkvidredacaa warmodgenili. misasalmebelia, rom<br />

umetes mkvlevarTa axal naazrevebSi aRniSnuli sakiTxebis aseTi ganxilva<br />

ZiriTadad uaryofilia da am jgufis literaturuli da praqtikuli<br />

saqmianoba sruliad sxvagvaradaa Sefasebuli.<br />

sabWoTa periodis kritikosTa mier `mesame dasis" 60-ianelTa memkvidred<br />

miCnevas maTi Semoqmedebis socialuri problematikiTa da realizmisadmi<br />

erTgulebiT xsnian.<br />

realizmisadmi erTguleba da TergdaleulTa SemoqmedebiTi<br />

mimarTulebisTvis axali muxtis SeZena (Tu es asea), mainc ver amaRlebs maTi<br />

memkvidris mdgomareobamde. am jgufis publicistTa SemoqmedebiTi da<br />

praqtikuli saqmianoba, fiqri da ocneba yovelgvari erovnulis daTrgunvas<br />

da mis internacionalurTan Serwymas emsaxureboda, risTvisac<br />

Tavganwirulad ibrZodnen. `magram am sabediswero movlenebs imdroindel<br />

mwerlobaSi, sabednierod, TiTqmis araviTari gamoxatuleba ar upoviaT.<br />

erovnuli literaturis magistraluri mimarTuleba am SemTxvevaSic<br />

uRalatod mihyveboda gasuli saukunis Cveni mwerlobis saukeTeso ostatebis<br />

mier damkvidrebul tradiciebs" (24, 9).<br />

1910-iani wlebidan aqtiur SemoqmedebiT muSaobas iwyebs sruliad<br />

axalgazrda poeti siko faSaliSvili. samwerlo asparezze misi gamosvla<br />

daemTxva CvenSi mimdinare Zalze saintereso literaturul periods, rogorc<br />

SemoqmedebiTi TvalsazrisiT, ise organizaciuli wyobiTac. yvelaze mkafio<br />

Suqs mainc 1915 wels daarsebuli `cisferyanwelTa" ordeni gamoscemda,<br />

romelic ganyenebuli ideebis ganviTarebas sruliad axal poetur formasa<br />

da SinaarsSi warmosaxavda. rogorc cnobilia, aRniSnuli literaturuli<br />

jgufis wevrebi memkvidreobis sakiTxSi evropel (frang) simbolistebs<br />

enaTesavebodnen. sazogadoebaSi literaturis rolisa da daniSnulebis<br />

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Sesaxeb maT sul sxvagvari warmodgena gaaCndaT. maTi modernistuli<br />

SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba upirispirdeboda `TergdaleulTa" erovnul da<br />

esTetikur Sexedulebebs. `cisferyanwelebma" zurgi aqcies literaturaSi<br />

ukve kargaxnis fexmokidebuli realizmis tradiciebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, maT<br />

omi gamoucxades ganvlil (me-19 saukunis) literaturul gzas da xeli mihyves<br />

sakuTari poeturi skolis damkvidrebas. maT mniSvnelovani roli<br />

Seasrules axali, dasavluri saleqso stilis (maT Soris sonetebis)<br />

gamarTvisa da srulyofis saqmeSi.<br />

`cisferyanwelebma" dagmes `TergdaleulTa" ideuri mimarTuleba, magram<br />

iliasa da akakis azrTa Tayvanismcemlebmac saguldagulod `gadauketes<br />

kari" maTs simbolistur abstraqciebs. miuxedavad aseTi winaaRmdegobisa,<br />

`cisferyanwelTa" literaturuli skola mniSvnelovan movlenad iqca<br />

qarTuli poeturi sityvisa da erovnuli azrovnebis (gansakuTrebiT 20 _<br />

iani wlebis Suaxanebidan) ganviTarebis saqmeSi.<br />

aRvniSneT, rom siko faSaliSvili samoRvaweo asparezze 10-iani wlebis<br />

gariJraJze gamovida. rogorc uaxlesi qarTuli literaturis istoriis<br />

saxelmZRvaneloSi vkiTxulobT `Cvens Jurnal-gazeTebSi 1905-1908 wlebSi<br />

uxvad ibeWdeboda n. CxikvaZis, v. ruxaZis, g. quCiSvilis, S. dadianis... s.<br />

faSaliSvilis... da sxvaTa leqsebi" (40, 20). aq konkretuli wlebis<br />

miniSnebaSi erTgvari uzustobaa. sikom pirveli leqsi TxuTmeti wlis asakSi<br />

gamoaqveyna gazeT `iveriaSi" 1909 wels. amis Semdeg ki, marTlac, aRar<br />

SeCerebula misi poeturi muza mravali wlis manZilze.<br />

im rTuli literaturuli Ziebis wlebSi, savaraudoa, rom axali<br />

SemoqmedebiTi ZaliT aRsavse siko faSaliSvili `cisferyanwelTa"<br />

SemoqmedebiTi jgufis wevri Tu ara, TanamgrZnobi mainc unda yofiliyo.<br />

magram saqme sruliad sapirispiro faqtTan gvaqvs. igi upirispirdeba<br />

`cisferyanwelTa" ordenis axal ideebsa da esTetikur principebs.<br />

marTalia, es dapirispireba 20-iani wlebis dasawyisidan ufro TvalSi<br />

sacemia, magram siko am ordens Camoyalibebisasac ar gahkarebia<br />

siaxloves. igi sxva mimarTulebas irCevs. ufro sworad, asparezze<br />

gamosvlisTanave arCevani mkveTrad gansazRvruli hqonda, romelsac<br />

sicocxlis bolomde uerTgula. sikos TbilisSi Camosvlisas (1909 w.)<br />

ukve cocxali aRar iyo ilia WavWavaZe, `magram didi inteleqtisa da<br />

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naTelkacobis anarekli mainc uSualod anaTebda Cems Taobas da am<br />

anarekls akakis saxiTac vxedavdiT" (14, saqme 26651, f. 2), - ambobs igi.<br />

literaturul kritikaSi gamoTqmuli azric swored imaze miuTiTebs,<br />

rom siko faSaliSvili yvelaze ufro XIX saukunis realist SemoqmedTa<br />

ideebis matarebelia. magaliTad, s. Wilaia mas sityvis ostats uwodebs<br />

da marTebulad SeniSnavs: `siko faSaliSvili, SeiZleba iTqvas, XIX<br />

saukunidan mosuli kaci iyo qarTuli mwerlobis ojaxSi. mas iqidan<br />

mohyva sagzlad XIX saukunis moRvaweTa madli da eSxi. igi dauzareblad<br />

uziarebda Cvens Tanamedroveebs marTali guliT, patiosani SromiTa da<br />

RvawliT savse moRvawe kacis sikeTes" (60). diax, mSobeli xalxisa da<br />

samSoblo mxaris siyvaruli, xalxisaTvis samsaxuri da yoveli gancda<br />

keTilisa swored me-19 saukunis klasikos SemoqmedTagan SeuTvisebia<br />

axalbeda poets.<br />

s. faSaliSvilma Tavidanve dagmo `gonebadakarguli xalxisTvis cisferi<br />

taZrisken~ mimavali moduri leqsis gza. man araerTxel gaakritika<br />

`cisferyanwelebi" da maTi perioduli gamocemebi. erTxans uaryofiTi<br />

ganwyoba da damokidebuleba gaaCnda gazeT `baxtrionisa" da misi<br />

redaqtoris giorgi leoniZis mimarT. meti sicxadisaTvis uintereso ar iqneba<br />

mwerlis erTi Canaweris, saTauriT - `SeniSvnis magier" aq motana: `tfilisSi<br />

gamodis erTi gancxadebebisa da qronikis gazeTi egredwodebuli<br />

`baxtrioni" vinme g. l e v a n i Z i s (xazgasma Cemia - T. g.)<br />

`redaqtorobiT". am gazeTs udis qonis suni da igi epotineba pretenziebs;<br />

aris qondriskacuri paTosi: poezia, statika, kritika. xelovnebis yoveli<br />

dargi areulia `tyavkavSirebisa" da `Tambaqos trestebis" gancxadebebSi. am<br />

gazeTis garSemo Tavs iyrian CvenSi skandalebiT cnobili mwerlebi,<br />

romelTac ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi qarTuli poeziis saxeli sakuTar -<br />

saojaxo saqmed gadaaqcies da xelovnebis niRabiT sisxlis danaSaulic ki<br />

Caidines. yanwelebze mogaxsenebT.<br />

sruliad bunebrivia, rom am xalxis meTauroba gadavida am saTaurebiT<br />

gazrdil bursakis xelSi, radgan am Jamad maT `aliansSi" (yanwelebis<br />

duqania, restorani) gaxurebuli vaWroba aqvT" (14, saqme 11-167).<br />

sabolood, erTi kuTxis Svilebma gansxvavebul literaturul<br />

midrekilebebs piradi urTierTobebi mainc ar Seswires. 1959 wels<br />

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gamocemuli siko faSaliSvilis poeturi erTtomeulis redaqtoroba da<br />

winasityvaobis avtoroba giorgi leoniZem iTava.<br />

didi ilias ideebis mimdevarma axalgazrda qarTvel SemoqmedTa Taobam,<br />

romelSic siko faSaliSvili erT-erTi iyo, imTaviTve scada erovnuli<br />

xasiaTis literaturuli jgufis Seqmna, risi ganxorcielebac maSin ioli<br />

saqme ar gaxldaT. SemoqmedebiTad im Zalze saintereso xanaSi samwerlo<br />

asparezze gamosuli niWieri Taobis gansxvavebuli mwerluri principebis<br />

arsebobac Zalze arTulebda saqmes. miuxedavad amisa, wiwamuris tragediidan<br />

TiTqmis aTwliani mcdelobis Semdeg, 1917 wels, iniciatorTa TaosnobiT<br />

(aqtiurobda k. gamsaxurdia), oqtombris revoluciamde ramdenime dRiT adre<br />

Seiqmna qarTvel mweralTa kavSiri, romelSic gaerTianda axalgazrda siko<br />

faSaliSvilic (amaze metyvelebs mis mier Sevsebuli saqarTvelos sabWoTa<br />

mwerlebis kavSiris piradi baraTi) (14, saqme 22665). es iyo mniSvnelovani da<br />

warmatebuli pirveli cda sxvadasxva Taobisa da literaturuli<br />

mimarTulebis mweralTa gaerTianebisa, romelTa ZalisxmeviTac gaimarTa<br />

damfuZnebeli konferencia. `konferenciis muSaobaSi aqtiuri monawileoba<br />

miiRes k. mayaSvilma, v. barnovma, d. kldiaSvilma, k. gamsaxurdiam, p.<br />

iaSvilma, g. robaqiZem, l. qiaCelma da sxvebma. mweralTa kavSiris<br />

Tavmjdomared arCeul iqna cnobili mwerali da sazogado moRvawe kote<br />

mayaSvili, romelic 1926 wlamde Tavkacobda am saqmes" (25, 8). `qarTvel<br />

mweralTa kavSiri" iqca winamorbed jgufad `akademiur mweralTa<br />

asociaciisa", romelic Seiqmna 1922 wels. siko faSaliSvili aqtiurad<br />

TanamSromlobda `asociaciis" periodul gamocemebSi _ `xomaldi",<br />

`ilioni", `qarTuli sityva", `lomisi", `kavkasioni". damoukidebeli<br />

saqarTvelos arsebobis wlebSi `akademiur mweralTa asociaciaSi" s.<br />

faSaliSvils gansakuTrebiT aqtiuri pozicia ukavia. mas irCeven<br />

saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSiris sabWos wevrad (36, fondi 8, saqme288, f.32),<br />

sagazeTo seqciis wevrad (36, fondi 8, saqme 49, f.2), safinanso komisiis<br />

wevrad (36, fondi 8, saqme 46, f.1) am periodSi mwerali Zalze uCioda<br />

materialur siduxWires. aRniSnul dokumentebSi moipoveba 1919 wlis 10<br />

oqtombriT daTariRebuli s. faSaliSvilis werili mweralTa kavSirisadmi,<br />

romelSic igi sTxovs kavSiris gamgeobas 700 maneTs sesxad ori Tvis vadiT<br />

(36, fondi 8, saqme 9, f. 27).<br />

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aRsaniSnavia, rom mweralTa `akademiur asociaciaSi"gaerTianebuli<br />

iyo imdroindeli qarTuli mwerlobis yvela aRiarebuliwarmomadgeneli<br />

sxvadasxvaSemoqmedebiTi jgufidan (aravin iyo `cisferyanwelebidan"<br />

,proletaruli mwerlebidan da futuristebidan), amdenad `asociacia" ar<br />

warmoadgenda erTgvarovan literaturul gaerTianebas. `umTavresi<br />

principi, riTac am asociaciis wevrebi iyvnen erTmaneTTan<br />

dakavSirebulni, maTi mkveTrad gamoxatuli antibolSevikuri<br />

suliskveTeba da erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis<br />

aRdgenisaken swrafva iyo" (25, 11). `asociaciis" aseTi prinpcipuloba<br />

imdroisaTvis namdvil gmirobas warmoadgenda. `saqarTveloSi sabWoTa<br />

xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg mweralTa es dajgufeba xeluxlebeli<br />

darCa organizaciuladac da ideuradac. `kavSiri" gansakuTrebiT<br />

erovnul sakiTxSi erTgvarad emijneba sabWoTa xelisuflebas" (59, 57).<br />

aRniSnuli `asociaciis" mizani iyo literaturis socialuri da<br />

politikuri problemebisagan damoukidebloba. me-20 saukunis 60-ianelTa<br />

erovnuli mrwamsisadmi memkvidruli damokidebuleba mas TavisTavad<br />

apirispirebda axladdamyarebul sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan, rac Zalze<br />

saxifaTo iyo.<br />

20-iani wlebis Suaxanebidan `cisferyanwelTa" modernistuli<br />

patriotuli poeziac sazrdod me-19 saukunis 60-ianelTa erovnul fesvebs<br />

daewafa. axleburad gaazrebuli samSoblos Tema da `cisferyanwelTa"<br />

umaRlesi poeturi kulturiTa da gemovnebiT misi gadmocema TavisTavad<br />

aqcevs am jgufs iliasa da akakis erovnuli ideebis memkvidred. am mxriv<br />

tician tabiZes, giorgi leoniZes, valerian gafrindaSvils, paolo iaSvils<br />

badali iSviaTad moepovebaT. TandaTan Zalmocemuli sabWoTa xelisufleba<br />

ki erovnuli mrwamsis gamovlinebas aravis hpatiobda da mravali Rirseuli<br />

mwerali-mamuliSvili represiebis msxverpli gaxda.<br />

erovnuli damoukideblobisaTvis brZolis paTosi gasdevs mweralTa<br />

`akademiuri asociaciis" zemoxsenebul periodul gamocemebs,<br />

romlebSic xSirad ibeWdeboda siko faSaliSvilis Semoqmedeba.<br />

gansakuTrebuli intensivobiT mainc igi gazeT `saxalxo saqmesTan"<br />

TanamSromlobda. masSi sistematurad qveyndeboda siko faSaliSvilis<br />

leqsebi, mogonebebi da polemikuri werilebi. aqve vityviT, rom gazeTi<br />

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`saxalxo saqme" warmoadgenda social-federalistTa partiis beWdviT<br />

organos. siko gansakuTrebiT axlos idga am partiul jgufTan. mopovebuli<br />

zepiri cnobebiT, siko da misi ufrosi Zma giga social-federalistTa<br />

partiis wevrebi yofilan.<br />

saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg xelovneba mkacri<br />

zedamxedvelobis qveS moeqca. literaturas ideologiuri wnexi dauweses,<br />

rac gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda 1924 wlis cnobili movlenebis Semdeg.<br />

qarTveli mwerlebis ukiduresi Seviwroeba ara mxolod cenzuris<br />

simkacreSi gamoixateboda, daiwyo `Zveli codvebis" gaxsenebac.<br />

literaturis SemoqmedTa erTi nawili represiebSi moyva, zogi maTgani<br />

fizikurad gaanadgures, zogsac Soreul mxareebSi gadasaxleba xvda wilad.<br />

es procesi Tavis piks 30-ian wlebSi aRwevs. mwerloba iZulebuli gaxda<br />

xelisuflebis mier SemoTavazebuli socialisturi realizmis princips<br />

damorCileboda, e. i. erTgvarad `moTvinierebuliyo". siko faSaliSvilic ise,<br />

rogorc mravali sxva, `Cadga" axali drois samsaxurSi. igi iZulebuli iyo,<br />

Tavisi warsuli saqmianobidan bevri ram mieCqmala, raTa xelisuflebis<br />

mtrad ar mieCniaT da rogorme Tavidan aecilebina mkacri diqtaturis winaSe<br />

pasuxismgebloba. miT umetes, `misi gadmosvla sabWoTa poziciebze ar<br />

momxdara umtkivneulod da yovelgvari daeWvebis gareSe. man Tavidan<br />

erTgvari `TavSekavebulobac" gamoiCina" (21, 140). es amonaridic socializmis<br />

qeba-didebis wlebSia dawerili. metis Tqma arc SeiZleboda. sikos<br />

gulmodgined gaunadgurebia social-federalistebTan urTierTobisa da<br />

saerTod partiul-politikuri ideebis damadasturebeli yvela dokumenti.<br />

mxolod SemorCenilia keTili urTierTmimowerebi aRniSnuli partiis<br />

zogierT cnobil wevrTan .<br />

siko faSaliSvili arasodes mihkedlebia sxva romelime partiul<br />

jgufs, maT Soris arc saxelisuflebos. igi, idumalad, erTxel arCeuli<br />

SemoqmedebiTi ideis bolomde erTguli darCa. unda vigulisxmoT, rom<br />

politikuri mis winaSe, rogorc SemoqmedisTvis, didad mniSvnelovan<br />

problemad ar idga, magram TavisTavad saqarTvelos cxovrebis politikuri<br />

speqtri, saSualebas ar iZleoda, mwerali Sors damdgariyo misgan, swored<br />

amitom iyo misi cxovreba Tavis droze dakavSirebuli social-<br />

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federalistebTan da Semdeg, dRidan maTTan daSorebisa, sxvebs arc<br />

dakavSirebia.<br />

yovelive zemoTqmulidan SeiZleba gavakeToT daskvna, rom siko<br />

faSaliSvilma garkveuli roli Seasrula saqarTvelos 10-iani da 20-iani<br />

wlebis literaturul cxovrebaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom am dros qarTul<br />

mwerlobaSi mravali axali mimarTuleba gaCnda, romelTa literaturuli<br />

msoflmxedveloba diametralurad dapirispirebuli iyo erTmaneTTan, siko<br />

faSaliSvils erTxel arCeuli gzisTvis ar uRalantia. is sisxlxorceulad<br />

iyo dakavSirebuli literaturul azrovnebasTan da yovelive im qarTul da<br />

samomavlo ideur msoflmxedvelobasTan, romelic aucilebeli iyo qveynis<br />

gadasarCenad. iseve rogorc ilia WavWavaZes (igi sicocxlis bolomde<br />

erTguli darCa ilias ideologiuri msoflmxedvelobisa), siko<br />

faSaliSvilsac `eris wyluli wylulad miaCnda", da fiqrobda, rom `ara<br />

marto tkbil xmebisTvis gamogzavna qveynad cama". saerTod, cnobilia, rom<br />

xelovnebaSi yvela Semoqmedi metnaklebad ganicdis sxvaTa zegavlenas da<br />

didi mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, vis eyrdnoba misi azri da grZnoba. siko<br />

faSaliSvilis mier ilia WavWavaZisadmi, misi Semoqmedebisa da<br />

msoflmxedvelobisadmi erTgulebam gansazRvra momavali mwerlis<br />

moRvaweobis gzaca da SemoqmedebiTi mizandasaxulobac. s. faSaliSvili<br />

`TergdaleulTa" azris Tayvanismcemeli, maTi ideebis damfasebeli da<br />

memkvidrea. igi ar Serevia XX saukunis dasawyisidanve mraval nakadad<br />

momskdar poetur niaRvrebs, ar gauTavisebia maTi stili. rogorc iTqva,<br />

mxolod realisturi ideebiT aRWurvili `akademiuri asociaciis" wevri<br />

gaxda da stiliTac, ideiTac XIX saukunis 60-ianelebs exmianeboda. akaki<br />

wereTlis leqsebma ubiZga poetobisken. didi ilias, akakis, vaJas azrebiT<br />

STagonebuli cxovrobda sicocxlis bolomde. leqsi `simRera" vaJas<br />

mibaZviT dauweria, amaze metyvelebs saTaurTan minaweri _ vaJa-fSavelas,<br />

miseburad (`simRera" vaJa-fSavelas mravali leqsis saTauricaa). imis<br />

mtkiceba, rom s. faSaliSvili sruliad TviTmyofadi da damoukidebeli<br />

stilis poetia, umarTebulo iqneba, magram ver daveTanxmebiT profesor<br />

gaioz imedaSvilis mier gamoTqmul azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom siko<br />

faSaliSvili i. griSaSvilis stiliT werda. i. griSaSvilis poeziis<br />

daxasiaTebisas kritikosi aRniSnavs, rom poetis mravali leqsi eZRvneba<br />

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qals, trfobas, kocnas, siyvarulis simfonias. misi azriT, am Temaze wera<br />

advilia da bevrisTvis mibaZvis sagani gamxdara. magram igi mxolod<br />

griSaSviliseulad miaCnia da iqve dasZens: `siko faSaliSvilma romelic<br />

misi stiliT werda mxolod uperspeqtivo epigonis saxeli daimsaxura".<br />

migvaCnia, rom aseTi Sefaseba araTu simarTles ar Seicavs, umarTebuloa<br />

da s. faSaliSvilis poeziis pasuxismgeblobiTi ganxilvisgan<br />

daSorebulia. yovelive pirad antipaTias hgavs da kargi iqneboda<br />

saxelmoxveWil kritikoss poetis sicocxleSive gamoeTqva es mosazreba.<br />

siko faSaliSvili swored poeturi da pirovnuli damoukideblobiT<br />

imsaxurebda im did pativiscemas, romelsac mis mimarT gamoxatavdnen<br />

Tanamedroveni _ i. griSaSvili, k. gamsaxurdia, s. yauxCiSvili, e.<br />

TayaiSvili, d. benaSvili, g. leoniZe, S. dadiani da mravali sxva. aqve<br />

vityviT, rom i. griSaSvils da s. faSaliSvils bevri saerTo hqondaT. i.<br />

griSaSvilma axalgazrdobaSive miuZRvna s. faSaliSvils mSvenieri leqsi<br />

`zeg". i. griSaSvilis gardacvalebis gamo gazeT `komunistSi" (1965 w.<br />

#49) dabeWdil s. faSaliSvilis gamosaTxovar sityvas Tan mosdevs<br />

redaqciis mier gamotanili i. griSaSvilis leqsi `werili ZmasTan",<br />

romelic xarfuxelma poetma s. faSaliSvils 1931 wels miuZRvna. maT<br />

xSirad gaaCndaT Tanxvdenili mosazrebani poeziaze da literaturis<br />

Teoriis ama Tu im sakiTxze. sikosadmi miwerili erTi xelnaweri<br />

weriliT i. griSaSvili mas urCevs, gadaaTvalieros `agvistos Tvis...<br />

samSabaTis" gazeTi `tribuna" da naxos raJden gvetaZis leqsi, romelSic<br />

mas (r. gvetaZes) `Cveni forma (`ilionis" pirveli furclebi) Caugdia<br />

xelT da yvela leqsidan vinigreti gaukeTebia... mere qveS miuweria 5<br />

maisio. yvelam icis, rom Cveni forma daibeWda paraskevs, 25 ivliss, imisi<br />

leqsi ki 1 agvistos, samSabaTs. vis atyuebs, ara, SeiZleba iseTi araferi<br />

iyos, magram rogor SeuZlian am xalxs, rom Cven dagvcinodes... jer<br />

saidumlod Seinaxe, mere erTbaSad davscxoT, Torem gaigeben da<br />

sxvanairad iJulikeben" (14, saqme #28650-30, f. 1). rogorc irkveva, isini<br />

ZiriTadad Tanamoazreni iyvnen. i. griSaSvili mitacebul an mimsgavsebul<br />

riTmas da poetur stils dauyovnebliv amxelda, rac motanili<br />

werilidanac gasagebia. amdenad `uperspeqtivo epigonis" iarliyi sruliad<br />

miuReblad JRers miT ufro, rom s. faSaliSvilis satrfialo leqsebSi<br />

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qaliT gataceba da hedonizmi (i. griSaSvilisagan gansxvavebiT) srulebiT<br />

ar igrZnoba.<br />

SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom siko faSaliSvili, marTlac, mizanmimarTuli<br />

mwerali iyo. misi sityva Tu leqsi STagonebuli iyo erTi umTavresi<br />

principiT _ sulieri nugeSi mieniWebina mSobeli xalxisa da qveynisTvis.<br />

misTvis damaxasiaTebeli ar iyo, rogorc galaktioni brZanebda, e. w. `futuro<br />

sityvebi", misi sityva da azri STagonebuli iyo samSoblosadmi siyvaruliTa<br />

da misadmi samsaxuriT. swored amis gamoa, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi siko<br />

faSaliSvilis SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba Seimatebs daniSnulebas, misi sityva<br />

da leqsi funqciadakarguli arasodes iqneba. s. faSaliSvilis, rogorc<br />

Semoqmedis, arseboba missave literaturul azrovnebaSi devs da dResac<br />

Tanamedrove saqarTvelos politikuri Tu socialuri problemebiT<br />

gajerebul yofas esadageba da esalbuneba kidec.<br />

amitomac, vfiqrobT, rom Tanamedroveoba valdebulicaa yuradReba<br />

SeaCeros samSoblos mesalbune da misi tkivilebis `moyuriade" Semoqmedze,<br />

romelmac mTeli Tavisi cxovreba, sityva, guli da grZnoba misi xvalindeli<br />

dRis arsebobis azriT gaajera.<br />

. . .<br />

siko (svimon) faSaliSvili daibada 1894 wlis 6 noembers siRnaRis<br />

mazris sofel maCxaanSi. mwerlis winaprebisa da ojaxuri garemos<br />

Sesaxeb saarqivo masalebTan erTad saukeTeso pirvelwyaros warmoadgens<br />

misive leqsebidan amokrebili cnobebi (magaliTad: `papa ambobda, me<br />

vimeoreb", `Cemi gvaris mosagonad"...) da memuaruli xasiaTis moTxroba<br />

`dReni Cemi cxovrebisa", romelic avtors xandazmulobis Jams dauweria.<br />

masSi s. faSaliSvili `gulis karnaxiT" mogviTxrobs sakuTar<br />

Tavgadasavals, im gancdilsa da gagonils, rac mTeli cxovrebis<br />

manZilze misi gulisa da gonebis mkvebavi ZarRvi gamxdara. zemoxsenebuli<br />

leqsebi aseve gvauwyebs sakuTari gvaris mesxur warmomavlobaze. siko<br />

faSaliSvili saintereso biografiis mqone pirovnebaa.<br />

143

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mwerlis mama, ilia faSaliSvili, Raribi glexi yofila, xolo deda,<br />

sofio begiaSvili, ojaxisa da Svilebisadmi usazRvro siyvaruliTa da<br />

mzrunvelobiT gamorCeuli deda­diasaxlisi. ilias da sofios rva Svili<br />

hyoliaT _ sami vaJi da xuTi qali. es mravalricxovani ojaxi cxovrobda<br />

imdroindeli Raribuli, glexuri cxovrebiT (mogonebebSi s.<br />

faSaliSvili Tavs xSirad ixseniebs uRaribesi glexis Svilad). bavSvebs<br />

adreuli asakidan wilad xvdaT mZime fizikuri muSaoba. lukma­puris<br />

mopovebisaTvis dRedaRam SromiT gadaRlil ojaxSi, bunebrivia, maT<br />

swavla­ganaTlebaze aravin fiqrobda. s. faSaliSvilis mogonebaTa wignSi<br />

vkiTxulobT, rom SemTxvevis wyalobiT mis mSoblebs wera ­ kiTxva<br />

imdenad scodniaT, `mokiTxvisa da naxvis natvriT baraTis gagzavna da<br />

`fostis fulze" gziris mier motanil uwyisze xelis mowera SeeZloT"<br />

(42, 6).<br />

sikos mama, ilia, mTels sofelSi cnobili yofila rogorc<br />

`xeldauyenebeli" glexkaci _ dauRalavi, Sromismoyvare. `xnavda, baravda,<br />

mkida, ibrZoda weraqviT Tu eCo xerxiT. saqmes mudam win imZRvarebda da<br />

Tanac cxovrebas Tavs ise arTmevda, poulobda dros Congurzedac<br />

tkbilad daemRera, an Sairebis `amoRebiT" guli gaexalvaTebina<br />

TanamyofTaTvis" (42, 7).<br />

patara sikos rva wlis asakidan xelSi saxre misces da guTanze<br />

mexred gagzavnes. `etyoba guTnis mexreobaSi `niWi" aRmomaCnda, radgan<br />

mezobeli, SeZlebuli glexi, Toma faSaliSvili, SeuCnda mamaCems da<br />

weliwadSi 12 maneTad damiqirava mojamagired" (14, saqme #28651, f. 1.), -<br />

igonebs mwerali.<br />

mindvrad mezvreebTan da mwyemsebTan gatarebuli bavSvobis wlebi,<br />

asakTan Seusabamo dauRalavi Sromis miuxedavad, patara sikosTvis mainc<br />

gamorCeuli iyo. zRaprebi, leqsebi, Conguri, salamuri, xalxuri eposi,<br />

rogorc poeturi, aseve prozauli, ­ erTgvarad gonebas uxsnida bavSvs da<br />

amoucnobi wyurviliT Sepyrobili xSirad naRvlobda. es ar iyo<br />

yoveldRiuri wvalebisa da Sromis naRveli ­ misi goneba swavlisaken iyo<br />

mimarTuli. ojaxSi ki wignisTvis aravis ecala, `glexs miwa bevri hqonda,<br />

saqoneli da mosavali sakmaod iyo da TiToeuli glexi cdilobda Svili<br />

gamoezarda meurmed, meguTned, mwyemsad. mamaCemic ase mipirebda..." (14,<br />

144

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saqme #28651, f. 1).<br />

momavali mwerlis bavSvobis wlebSi erTi mniSvnelovani SemTxveva<br />

moxda. kerZod is, rom 1904 wels sikos SeZlebuli biZaSvili nika<br />

mSoblebma skolaSi miabares. siko am dros alaznis piras mamas da<br />

ufros Zmas, gigas, mxarSi edga, rogorc mexre. nikas zegavleniT, skolaSi<br />

wasvlis dauokebeli survili bavSvs mosvenebas aRar aZlevda. es<br />

survili mamas ver gaumxila, magram erTxel, diliT, roca saqoneli<br />

alazanze gareka, wylis piras naxiri Cumad miatova da sofelSi gaipara.<br />

savali Zalze Sori iyo. Tanac patara sikos im dros cieba hqonia<br />

Separuli, gzad mimaval daRlil bavSvs sisuste moeria da soflamde<br />

veRarc miaRwia. iqve, gzis piras, CaiCoqa. muxlebi ekveTeboda, sicxisagan<br />

piri uSreboda da uazrod luRluRebda. wyali swyuroda, magram<br />

damxmare aravin Canda. binddeboda da nadiriT ganTqmul mxareSi, RamiT,<br />

bavSvis gareT marto darCena ubedurebis momaswavebeli iyo.<br />

meore dRes sikom Tavis saxlSi gaaxila Tvali. deda Tavs adga, civ<br />

tiloebs adebda da Tan acremlebul Tvalebs imSralebda. mezobeli<br />

glexi _ qaruma SanSiaSvili _ wasdgomia Tavs Ronemixdil bavSvs da<br />

zurgiT mouyvania mSoblebTan. avadmyofobam gaiara Tu ara, siko<br />

biZaSvil nikasTan erTad isev gaudga gzas skolisken (amjeradac dedis<br />

daukiTxavad) da mizansac miaRwia. skolasa da ganaTlebas mowyurebuli<br />

siko saocari sibejiTiT Seudga wera­kiTxvis Seswavlas. `skolaSi<br />

pirvel mowafed gavxdi. Semdeg maswavlebelma eWvi Seitana CemSi, rom me,<br />

albaT, sxva skolaSi naswavli viyavi... daibara mSobeli, gamoiZia da<br />

rodesac darwmunda, gansakuTrebuli interesiT damiwyo mopyroba... sul<br />

mokle xanSi meore ganyofilebis mowafeebis gakveTilebs vabarebdi da<br />

Sua zamTarSi meore ganyofilebaSi amovyavi Tavi" (14, saqme #28651, f. 2).<br />

soflis skola orwliani iyo. sikom erT weliwadSi gaiara sruli<br />

kursi, SesaniSnavad werda da kiTxulobda, mamamismac daaskvna, rom meti<br />

swavla saWiro aRar iyo.<br />

SemdegSi cnobili mwerali siko faSaliSvili yovelTvis didi<br />

siyvaruliT ixsenebda pirvel maswavlebels _ iliko menTeSaSvils,<br />

romelmac Seaswavla wera­kiTxva, mas daubarebia momavali mwerlis mama<br />

da TxovniT miumarTavs, sikosTvis swavlis gagrZelebis ufleba mieca..<br />

145

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Tan SeuTavazebia _ Sens Svils me movuxerxeb qalaqSi gagzavnas, ufasod<br />

aswavliano. ilias didi madloba gadauxdia maswavleblisTvis da<br />

upasuxia, wignebs wyaliviT kiTxulobs da qalaqSi sxva raRa unda<br />

iswavloso, mindorSi xeli maklia, isic kmara, mTeli zamTari rom<br />

gaacdina swavlaSio. `Semdeg Tavis civ uars glexuri filosofia<br />

daumata: iseTi Svili ras margebs, iswavlos da nayidi puri Wamoso" (14,<br />

saqme #28651, f. 3).<br />

siko daubrunda Tavis Zvel saqmes _ acremlebuli TvalebiTa da<br />

boxCaSi Sekruli wignebiT. isev mexreoba da alaznis velebi, mindorSi<br />

Tanatoli biWebic gverdiT edgnen. siko Seudga maT dainteresebas. ufros<br />

mwyemsebsac ukiTxavda wignebs, aswavlida wera­kiTxvas. muSaobis aseTma<br />

formam Sedegi gamoiRo. `araerTma Cemma maSindelma `mowafem~ gaikvlia<br />

Semdeg gza. Cemi ufrosi Zma, romelsac tyeSi vaswavle anbani, axla<br />

rkinigzis muSaa. qarTul literaturas saukeTesod icnobs. Cemi<br />

maSindeli `mowafe", oboli mojamagire Toma benaSvili, erTxans<br />

aRmaskoms xelmZRvanelobda maCxaanSi, axla erT­erTi didi<br />

kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomarea. muSaobs mxolod Cems mier naswavleb<br />

wera­kiTxvis saSualebiT. sxvac bevria aseTi" (14, saqme #28651, f. 3). ­<br />

moigonebs ramdenime aTeuli wlis Semdeg ukve Rvawlmosili mwerali.<br />

meocnebe bavSvs `guTan­saqonelSi~ yofna mZime xvedrad miaCnda.<br />

uwignoba yvelaze autanel mdgomareobaSi ayenebda. erTxel mamas gaubeda:<br />

`_ mojamagired damayene, oRond soflad, iq wignebi da gazeTebia~. WkuaSi<br />

dasjdomia glexkacs Svilis azri. `me skolaSi darajad davdeqi. Semdeg<br />

afTiaqSi viTomda `mowafed" gadamiyvanes, magram iqac mojamagireobas<br />

udrida es Stati" (14, saqme #28651, f. 3), ­ igonebs siko. cota xnis Semdeg<br />

erT­erTi didi komersantis maRaziaSi moewyo Segirdad. es komersanti<br />

imave soflis mkvidri, cnobili xalxosani mwerlis dimitri maCxanelis<br />

RviZli Zma vasil nadiraSvili gaxldaT. maCxaneli umemkvidreod<br />

gardaicvala da misi mdidari biblioTeka vasilis ojaxis sakuTrebad<br />

darCenila. komersantis ojaxSi didad aravin afasebda am biblioTekis<br />

mniSvnelobas. visac survili hqonda, kiTxulobda, furclavda, xevda...<br />

sikom aq ipova Tavisi sulieri sayrdeni. dilidan saRamomde<br />

mojamagiris autaneli Sromis Semdeg, Rames, xSirad gaTenebamde am<br />

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wignebis kiTxvaSi atarebda xolme. magram, roca `xazeinebma~ SeamCnies<br />

wignebisadmi didi yuradReba, dauSales: `aRar gabedo! Rame navTi iwvis!<br />

wignebidan ra xeiri waiRo cxonebulma Cemma Zmam! iswavle vaWroba, kaci<br />

gamoxval. rad ginda eg bedovlaTi xeloba?" (14, saqme #28651, f. 3), ­ ase<br />

eubneboda mwerlis Zma da `universanti" Svilebis mama momaval Semoqmeds.<br />

ver moaSlevines `bedovlaTuri xeloba" sikos, ris gamoc bevri<br />

usiamovneba Sexvedria ojaxis ufrosisagan.<br />

sikos mojamagireobis wlebs daemTxva akaki wereTlis iubile,<br />

romelsac saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi aRniSnavdnen. maCxaanis kulturis<br />

saxlic did samzadiss Sedsgomia. siRnaRidan da axlo­maxlo<br />

soflebidan mouwveviaT `naswavli xalxi". mowinave moswavleebi,<br />

romlebsac zepirad hqondaT daswavlili akakis leqsebi, emzadebodnen<br />

scenaze gamosasvlelad. mowveulTa Soris yofilan stumrebi<br />

Tbilisidan. akakis iubileze auarebel xalxs mouyria Tavi, soflis<br />

moedanze Ria scena mouwyviaT. momzadebuli hyavdaT gamomsvlelebi. roca<br />

scenas marTavdnen, SemTxvevam nadiraSvilis mojamagire siko<br />

faSaliSvilic miiyvana iq. gamalebuli saqmianobis dros siko<br />

moulodnelad gadaawyda Tavis maswavlebel iliko menTeSaSvils,<br />

romelsac dananebiT uTqvams, ratom es biWi ar gagvaxsenda, leqss<br />

daiswavlidao. Semdeg sikosTvis uTqvams: ai, akakis leqsi rom<br />

dageswavla, dRes scenaze gamoxvidodi da waikiTxavdio. axlac<br />

daviswavlio, _ maSinve epasuxia sikos.<br />

- raRa dros, erTi saaTis Semdeg iubile daiwyeba!<br />

- erT saaTSi aT leqss viswavli!<br />

maswavlebels miucia ori krebuli da uTqvams: axla raRas moaswreb,<br />

magram waikiTxe, ise mainc gamogadgebao.<br />

siko iqve baRCaSi gauCinarebula. saswrafod amourCevia `is aRara<br />

var, rac viyav~ da `nino, qeTevan da Tamar". ramdenime wuTis Semdeg<br />

gulamovardnilma bavSvma maswavlebelTan miirbina da ori leqsi zepirad<br />

mouyva. iqve Seumowmes Txroba da misi scenaze gamoyvana gadawyvites.<br />

auarebeli xalxis winaSe gamosvlam da aTasobiT adamianis mzeram<br />

cotaTi daabnia kidec ymawvili, magram isev male sZlia Tavs da orive<br />

leqsi omaxianad waikiTxa. sikos gamosvlas taSis griali da `vaSas"<br />

147

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Zaxili mohyva. es iyo warmatebuli da Rirssaxsovari dRe. aRtkinebuli<br />

bavSvi isariviT gavarda scenidan, magram maswavlebelma ZaliT gamoiyvana,<br />

xelSi aitaca da xalxis win scenaze gadakocna. es niWieri bavSvia,<br />

magram yurismgdebeli aravin hyavso, _ uTqvams gulisxmier maswavlebels<br />

scenidan. `gaumarjos, gaumarjos patara poets", _ yvirodnen moedanze.<br />

sityva `poeti" raRac axleburad moxvda sikos yurTasmenas. mas<br />

ukravdnen taSs, amxnevebdnen SeZaxilebiT. gansakuTrebulad mainc sityva<br />

`poeti" aRar aZlevda mosvenebas. jer erTi strofic ki ar dauweria da<br />

poeti uwodes. `Congurze sasimRero Sairic ki ar gamomiTqvams, Cemi<br />

ufrosi Zma egre gatacebiT rom ewafeboda. axla ki `poetio" miZaxian. aba,<br />

vcadoT! da meore dRes akakis mibaZviT me ukve ramodenime leqsi mqonda<br />

gamocxobili, riTmebiT koWli, metriT sxvadasxvagvari, magram mainc<br />

leqsi. TiTqos sxva samyaro gaixsna CemTvis" (14, saqme #28651, f. 5). akakis<br />

iubilem axali mimarTulebiT Seabruna sikos cxovreba.<br />

didxans ar ganelebula ymawvilis gulSi aq miRebuli emocia da<br />

manac `poetoba" daiwyo, rom im xalxis TvalSi marTla Semoqmedi<br />

gamxdariyo da gaemarTlebina maTi SeZaxili _ `gaumarjos poets",<br />

romelic sicocxlis bolomde ise axsovda, TiTqos guSin momxdariyos.<br />

akakiseuli poeziis gavlena da auditoriis winaSe pasuxismgebloba,<br />

Tavmdabloba da mokrZaleba, xalxisaTvis samsaxuri _ es iyo siko<br />

faSaliSvilisaTvis stimulis mimcemi mTeli misi Segnebuli cxovrebis<br />

manZilze. igi werda akakis leqsiT STagonebuli, xalxis didi<br />

siyvaruliT gulanTebuli. werda adamianebze, samSoblosa da<br />

siyvarulze.<br />

akakis iubileze gamosvlam sruliad axali simi aaJRera sikos<br />

ymawvilur gulSi. misi momavali poeturi gzis ganmsazRvreli didi<br />

akakis saxelisa da Semoqmedebisadmi usazRvro Tayvaniscema gaxda. daiwyo<br />

mibaZviTi varjiSi leqsebis TxzvaSi. gavida cota xani da Tavisi<br />

`Semoqmedeba" pirvelad iliko maswavlebels gaacno, romelmac zogierTi<br />

leqsi mouwona kidec da maT dabeWdvaSi daxmareba aRuTqva, maSinve<br />

dawera saTanado werili, misca sikos da gagzavna mezobel sofel<br />

jugaanSi, sadac cxovrobda xalxosnuri ideebiT gatacebuli, gulkeTili<br />

da ubralo adamiani ilia SanSiaSvili (poet sandro SanSiaSvilis mama).<br />

148

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ilia mRvdeli iyo da maCxaanis skolaSi RvTismetyvelebas aswavlida.<br />

siko misi mowafec iyo. ilias Zalian uyvarda siko, kmayofilebas<br />

gamoTqvamda xolme xucuri locvebis kiTxvaSi misi gawafulobis gamo.<br />

mRvdeli yuradRebiT moekida iliko maswavleblis werils. amas isic<br />

daemTxva, rom male jugaans Tavad sandro SanSiaSvili ewvia.<br />

`warmadgines, gulisxmieri yuradReba gamoiCina, Cems rveulebs kbili<br />

mouCxrika, Zvirfasi qarTuli wignebi maCuqa. bevri leqsi TbilisSi<br />

wamoiRo da maTi dabeWdvis imediT gaxarebuli damtova. maSin 14­15 wlisa<br />

viyavi da rogorc aRvniSne, `lukmis mSovnel" mojamagired vmuSaobdi<br />

vasil nadiraSvilis ojaxSi" (42, 62).<br />

sandro SanSiaSvilisa da ioseb griSaSvilis daxmarebiT 1909 wels<br />

pirvelad daibeWda s. faSaliSvilis leqsi (saxelwodebiT `iveria")<br />

ganaxlebul `iveriaSi". patriotuli JiniT aRsavse leqss Tan etyoboda<br />

axleburi xelwera. gazeTebi `iveria" da `droeba" iyo momaval poetis<br />

SemoqmedebiTi gzis gamkvalavi. s. faSaliSvilis WeSmarit Semoqmedad<br />

CamoyalibebaSi gansakuTrebuli wvlili misive kuTxis Svilma, imxanad<br />

ukve cnobilma poetma sandro SanSiaSvilma Seitana.<br />

`igi gamecno 1909 wels... TxuTmeti wlis ymawvilma leqsebis rveuli<br />

momitana. misi TandaswrebiT gadavikiTxe da zogierTi Zalian momewona"<br />

(54) ­ ixsenebs s. SanSiaSvili poetur gzaze Semdgari siko faSaliSvilis<br />

Sesaxeb. s. SanSiaSvils ymawvili sikosTvis vinaoba gamoukiTxavs,<br />

leqsebis rveuli TavisTan dautovebia da Tbilisis misamarTic miucia..<br />

cnobil poets damwyebis leqsebi `droebis" redaqciaSi miutania da<br />

ufrosi megobrebisaTvis gaucvnia. msmenelebs mowonebis SeZaxilebiT<br />

SeumkiaT maTTvis ucnobi avtori. es pirveli Semfaseblebi, s.<br />

SanSiaSvilTan erTad, yofilan gigo rcxilaZe, samson fircxalava,<br />

giorgi lasxiSvili, kita abaSiZe da ilia aglaZe. s. SanSiaSvilis<br />

mecadineobiT, ymawvili poeti momdevno wlidan TbilisSi Camodis da<br />

gazeTebis damtareblad ewyoba `droebis" redaqciaSi. xelfasis simciris<br />

gamo siko ukidures materialur siduxWires ganicdida. vaJa­<br />

fSavelasadmi 1913 wels gagzavnil werilSi igi uCivis Tavis gausaZlis<br />

yofas, vaJas moagonebs ramdenime xniT adre naambob Tavis Tavgadasavals,<br />

kerZod, Tu rogor swyuroda swavla, magram mama ewinaaRmdegeboda, Tumca<br />

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wera­kiTxva mainc iswavla `TviT soflis skolaSi~. rogorc iqna,<br />

moaxerxa da Tbiliss miaSura, redaqciis TanamSromeli gaxda. `axla<br />

Cemi Tavi mxolod Cems xelT aris, aravin aRmoCndeba, rom Cemi talaxidan<br />

amoyvana moisurvos. amitom gadavwyvite swavla, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia<br />

CemTvis, daviwye kidec, magram xelmokleoba nebas ar maZlevs, rom<br />

ganvagrZo" (13, 273) . muSaobasTan erTad s. faSaliSvilma mainc moaxerxa<br />

da gaiara saSualo saswavleblis kursi skolisgareSe ganaTlebis wesiT,<br />

Seudga samzadiss umaRles saswavlebelSi Sesasvlelad. am saqmeSi mas<br />

didi daxmareba gauwia TviT akaki wereTelma. gazeT `Temis" redaqciaSi<br />

redaqtorma gigo diasamiZem SemTxveviT gaacno did poets siko<br />

faSaliSvili. Cveni damwyebi poetiao, _ uTqvams gigos. akakis zogi ram<br />

gamoukiTxavs sikosTvis da daxmareba aRuTqvams swavla­ganaTlebis<br />

miRebaSi. `am saqmeSi didi daxmareba gamiwia akaki wereTelma, kita<br />

abaSiZem, vaxtang orbelianis asulma (mariam orbelianma T. g.), nino<br />

yifianma da sxvebma" (14, saqme #22665, f. 1). akakis mecadineobiT,<br />

skoligareSe muSaobis wesiT mecadineobisas s. faSaliSvils, rogorc<br />

niWier axalgazrdas, daeniSna stipendia qalaqis sakrebulodan.<br />

umaRlesi ganaTlebis miRebis surviliT gulanTebul s. faSaliSvils<br />

ucdia moskovs gamgzavreba da Saniavskis sameurneo saswavlebelSi<br />

Sesvla, magram xelisSemSlelad usaxsroba yvelgan Casafrebuli hyavda.<br />

s. faSaliSvili literaturuli cxovrebis asparezze Tavisi<br />

gamosvlis periods adarebs wyvdiadis sazRvarze myofi kacis Tvalwin<br />

sarkmlis gaRebas, saidanac mzis sxivic da varskvlavebis cimcimic<br />

moCans.<br />

literaturulma saqmianobam siko male daaaxlova im drois qarTvel<br />

mwerlebTan da sazogado moRvaweebTan. kidev ufro saqmiani da<br />

mizanmimarTuli gaxda misi urTierToba akaki wereTelTan, vaJa-<br />

fSavelasTan, kita abaSiZesTan, Salva dadianTan, leo qiaCelTan,<br />

konstantine gasaxurdiasTan, giorgi leoniZesTan... misi Wirisa da lxinis<br />

Tanamonawileni iyvnen s. SanSiaSvili, i. griSaSvili, i. evdoSvili da<br />

sxvebi. am wreSi yofnam, Tavis mxriv, keTili zegavlena iqonia siko<br />

faSaliSvilis Semoqmedebaze, rasac xels uwyobda misi<br />

Sromismoyvareoba. igi yovelTvis aqtiurad monawileobda qarTuli<br />

150

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mwerlobis organizaciul muSaobasTan dakavSirebul RonisZiebebSi.<br />

ganuwyvetliv TanamSromlobda periodul gamocemaTa redaqciebSi.<br />

ukve aRvniSneT, rom damwyebi poetis leqsebi daibeWda ganaxlebul<br />

`iveriasa~ da `droebaSi". es iyo pirveli nabijebi samwerlo asparezze<br />

gamosasvlelad. amis Semdeg, misi adreuli leqsebi sistematurad<br />

qveyndeboda qarTul Jurnal­gazeTebSi: `xma kaxeTisa", `Cveni sxivi",<br />

`ilioni," `xomaldi", `promeTe", `lomisi", `kavkasioni", `qarTuli sityva",<br />

`saxalxo saqme". 1917 wels gamoica s. faSaliSvilis leqsebis pirveli<br />

krebuli `Cangi". Tanac axda qarTuli sazogadoebriobis didi xnis<br />

ocneba ­ 1918 wels gaixsna Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti. siko<br />

gaxda sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetis studenti. swavlas mowyurebuli<br />

axalgazrda didi gulisyuriT ismenda a. SaniZis, d. uznaZis, i.<br />

javaxiSvilis leqciebs, magram xdeba TiTqmis daujerebeli ram _ erTi<br />

wlis Semdeg man datova universiteti (amaze metyvelebs saarqivo<br />

dokumentebi, misi biografiuli monacemebi, mwerlis mogonebebi). mainc ra<br />

iyo mizezi aseTi moulodneli nabijis gadadgmisa? am kiTxvaze igi<br />

mxolod erTgan pasuxobs sakuTar xelnawerSi. `...1918 wels Sevedi<br />

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi... magram ojaxuri pirobebis gamo<br />

mivatove universiteti da vmuSaobdi mwerlobisa da Jurnalistikis<br />

dargSi" (14, saqme 28651, f. 2). iZulebuli varT gaviziaroT es gadmocema,<br />

Tumca migvaCnia, rom universitetis datovebis namdvili mizezi mainc<br />

ramdenadme gaurkvevelia. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT sikos bavSvobis-<br />

droindel dauokebel swrafvas swavlisadmi da imasac, rom didi akakis<br />

mecadineobiT mas adreve dauniSnes stipendia Tbilisis saTavadaznauro<br />

sakrebulodan, rogorc swavlas mowyurebul, magram xelmokle<br />

axalgazrdas, maSin misi zemoxsenebuli ganmarteba mTlad simarTled ar<br />

unda miviCnioT. saTayvano universitetis datovebis namdvil sababad<br />

ojaxuri pirobebis momizezebas arc sikos STamomavlebi iziareben,<br />

Tumca ra da rogor moxda, maTTvisac bundovania. yvelafridan aSkarad<br />

Cans, rom Tavis leqtor­maswavleblebTan sikos mudam axlo urTierToba<br />

hqonda. erTi uTariRo weriliT igi ase mimarTavs akaki SaniZes:<br />

`mokrZalebiT gikocni damsaxurebul WaRaras, siamayiT vigoneb Cveni<br />

universitetis daarsebas, sadac gvaswavlidi rusTavelis humanistur<br />

151

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ideebs da did qarTvel mecnierTa dasis azrebs STagvagonebdi, rac<br />

siberemde momyva (14, saqme #28650). ivane javaxiSvilic xSirad yofila<br />

misi literaturuli saRamoebis Rirseuli stumari. s. faSaliSvili didi<br />

siamayiT aRniSnavda, rom universiteti es iyo `Suqi mis gzaze", romelic<br />

mis xsovnaSi `arasodes Camqrala da arc Caqreba"...<br />

1923-28 wlebSi s. faSaliSvili gazeT `muSis TanamSromelia. man<br />

mraval literaturul JanrSi cada kalami da yvelgan Tavisi kvali<br />

daaCina, Tumca leqsisTvis arasdros uRalatia. igi warmatebiT muSaobda<br />

iumoris dargSic da mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana qarTuli<br />

iumoristuli literaturis ganviTarebaSi. amasTan erTad werda piesebs,<br />

Targmnida dramatul nawarmoebebs, ganuwyvetliv muSaobda saestrado<br />

repertuarzec.<br />

s. faSaliSvili mokrZalebuli pirovneba yofila. mas ar izidavda<br />

Tanamdeboba, arCeviTi organoebi. literaturisa da xelovnebis<br />

saxelmwifo arqivSi inaxeba s. faSaliSvilis gancxadeba saqarTvelos<br />

mweralTa kavSiris sabWos Tavmjdomarisadmi mweralTa yrilobis<br />

delegatobis kandidatobidan misi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb (36, fondi 8,<br />

saqme 26, f. .2), Tumca dasaxelebuli ar aris raime mizezi. am<br />

periodisTvis mwerali dakavebuli iyo intensiuri SemoqmedebiTi<br />

saqmianobiT. s. faSaliSvili mweralTa kavSiris aqtiuri wevria.<br />

monawileobs sajaro gamosvlebSi, sxvadasxva sakiTxebis ganxilvaSi,<br />

ewyoba misi literaturuli saRamoebi... man, rogorc niWierma Semoqmedma,<br />

Tavidanve miipyro mkiTxvelTa yuradReba. literaturulma kritikam igi<br />

saintereso lirikosad cno.<br />

rogorc vTqviT, s. faSaliSvili iyo Sinagani simSvidiT gamorCeuli<br />

pirovneba. amasTan, arcTu zedmetad damTmobi da Tavdaxrili, Tu amas<br />

saqme moiTxovda. gaaCnda mkveTrad gamokveTili kredo. Tavidan karieraze<br />

arasodes uzrunia. 1911 wels, igi muSaobda `saxalxo gazeTis"<br />

reportiorad, stilistad, Semdeg iyo literaturuli ganyofilebis<br />

gamge, 1921­23 wlebSi muSaobda Jurnal `moambis~ pasuxismgebel mdivnad,<br />

1929 wlidan or aTeul welze meti xnis manZilze asrulebda Jurnal<br />

`niangis" pasuxismgebeli mdivnis movaleobas. ufro maRali<br />

Tanamdebobrivi safexuri mas arasodes sWeria.<br />

152

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1934 wels s. faSaliSvili Sedis saqarTvelos sabWoTa mwerlebis<br />

kavSirSi. Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebis grZel manZilze mweralma Tavi<br />

gamoiCina rogorc mravalmxrivi SemoqmedebiTi niWiT dajildoebulma<br />

pirovnebam. Tumca siko Tavidanve nSesaniSnav lirikosad mogvevlina.<br />

misma pirvelma mkiTxvelma igi niWier poetad gaicno.<br />

1935 wels `saxelgamma" gamoca s. faSaliSvilis narkvevebis wigni<br />

`Zvel yamirebze", riTac Tavisi wvlili Seitana am Janris ganviTarebis<br />

saqmeSi.<br />

amis Semdeg s. faSaliSvili xangrZlivi droiT gaitaca<br />

Jurnalistikam, magram aseve mTeli energiiT eweva mTargmnelobiT<br />

muSaobasac, xolo poezia misi literaturuli Semoqmedebis ZiriTadi<br />

mimarTulebaa.<br />

1959 wels `sabWoTa saqarTvelom" gamosca s. faSaliSvilis leqsebis<br />

erTtomeuli, xolo 1964 wels _ leqsebis krebuli, romelSic Setanilia<br />

sxvadasxva dros gamoqveynebuli leqsebi.<br />

s. faSaliSvilis mravalmxriv moRvaweobas kidev ufro srulyofils<br />

xdis mogonebaTa wigni `Sexvedrebi dauviwyar adamianebTan"<br />

(gamomcemloba `nakaduli" _ 1961w.). 1964 wels `nakadulma" isev gamosca<br />

misi mogonebebis Sevsebuli da ufro srulyofili wigni `dauviwyari<br />

Sexvedrebi".<br />

aseve calke wignebadaa gamocemuli s. faSaliSvilis originaluri<br />

da Targmnili piesebi _ `murTaz", `axmedis pataki', `CaCanaki kakanaTSi" da<br />

sxvebi.<br />

1962 wels `xelovnebam" gamosca s. faSaliSvilis iumoristul<br />

nawarmoebTa krebuli `mxiaruli wigni", romelic aseve Sevsebuli<br />

xelaxali gamocemaa oriode wlis winaT gamosuli satirisa da iumoris<br />

wignisa ­ `mxiaruli sarke". masSi or aTeulze meti piesa, sketCi da<br />

vodevilia Setanili. amave wels mkiTxvelma miiRo s. faSaliSvilis<br />

axali wigni `niangis" biblioTekis seriidan `farsadanma Tqva" (farsadani<br />

misi iumoristuli (saniango) fsevdonimi iyo).<br />

s. faSaliSvili literaturaze Zlierad Seyvarebuli pirovneba iyo..<br />

igi, nasuldgmulevi ilias naazreviT, akakisa da vaJas poeturi<br />

striqonebiT, afasebda maT, rogorc winamorbedebsa da winaprebs, magram<br />

153

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aseve didi moamage da mzrunveli gaxldaT axalgazrda avtorebisac. mas<br />

Tanamedroveni swored aseTad icnobdnen, sjerodaT, rom mousmenda,<br />

Seafasebda, rCevas miscemda. amaze metyvelebs mravali samadlobeli<br />

werili Tu misaloci baraTi, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan poetis<br />

misamarTiT gamogzavnili.<br />

mwerals gaaCnda nacnob­megobarTa farTo wre. xSiri mimowera hqonda<br />

sabWouri qveynis mravali erovnebis warmomadgenlebTan. gansakuTrebiT<br />

aRsaniSnavia siko faSaliSvilis axlo urTierToba da megobroba did<br />

somex poet ovanes TumanianTan da mis ojaxTan. siko Zalze afasebda am<br />

urTierTobas.<br />

s. faSaliSvils SemoqmedebiTi garja ar Seunelebia siberis<br />

wlebSic. dabadebis 70 wlis iubilesadmi miZRvnil mweralTa kavSiris<br />

misaloc werilSi vkiTxulobT: `xvaviania Tqveni xangrZlivi<br />

SemoqmedebiTi gza, romelic kvlav grZeldeba... dauberebeli guliT<br />

naTqvami simRerebiT" (53, 2).<br />

sicocxlis bolo wlebSi ramdenadme Seirya mwerlis janmrTeloba,<br />

xSirad avadmyofobda. TandaTan Seepara amqveyniuri cxovrebidan samudamo<br />

ganSorebis sevda. es gancda cxadad ikiTxeba misi ukanaskneli<br />

leqsebidan, romlebic `literaturulma saqarTvelom" poetis<br />

gardacvalebis Semdeg gamoaqveyna (42, 4):<br />

`gaqvs uZiloba da sCivi amas,<br />

nu Cqarob, iyav Tmenis mzogveli,<br />

dro TviT gimzadebs imnair wamals,<br />

rom samudamo Zili mogelis".<br />

154<br />

(`samudamo Zili")<br />

poeti gamoTqvams ukmayofilebas Tavisi Sromisa da garjis SedegiT.<br />

wuxs, rom kidev bevri ram darCa gasakeTebeli. `guli ar iSlis<br />

gulobas...," unda isev axalgazrdulad gaisarjos, magram jangatexili<br />

sinanuliT dasZens:<br />

`sicocxle Cemi fexakrefiT miipareba,<br />

cdilobs moaswros mzis Casvlamde mTas mifareba,<br />

sidanac msurda Cemi bedis gamodareba,<br />

ara, ar icdis... mag kai kacs ra eCqareba".

---

155<br />

(`sicocxle Cemi")<br />

Rvawlmosil Semoqmeds Turme axali moTxrobis dawera surda.<br />

`vfiqrob, Tu janmrTelobam xeli ar SemiSala, davwero moTxroba Cvens<br />

alazanze. mas `deda alazani" erqmeva" (2).<br />

maCxaanSi, mSobliur saxlSi, axlobelTa wreSi gacxadebuli es<br />

ocneba da kidev sxva mravali Canafiqri ganuxorcielebeli darCa<br />

xandazmul mwerals.<br />

siko faSaliSvili gardaicvala 1970 wlis 17 marts. dakrZalulia<br />

didubis mweralTa da sazogado moRvaweTa panTeonSi.

---

ZiriTadi daskvnebi<br />

siko faSaliSvilis cxovrebis gza erTi im saintereso pirovnebis<br />

biografiaa, vinac Tavisi sicocxlis grZeli manZili bolomde adamianuri<br />

RirsebiT ganvlo. bunebiT wynari da auRelvebeli bunebis siko hqmnida<br />

boboqari emociebiT savse poezias. sazogadoebrivi siduxWire, drois<br />

msusxavi wlebi poetis faqiz suls cxovlad dasCnevia, rac Sesabamis<br />

reaqcias iwvevda masSi. amaze metyvelebs 1910­1920­ian wlebSi Seqmnili<br />

leqsebi. literaturis istoriaSi swored es wlebi aRiniSna<br />

sirTuleebiT.<br />

siko faSaliSvilma Tavisi poeturi debiuti 60­ianelTa ideebs<br />

daukavSira, mwerali wvdeboda imdroindeli sazogadoebis interesTa<br />

sferos, maTTan erTad ganicdida xalxis miswrafebebs da martivi,<br />

gasagebi eniT hqmnida STambeWdav strofebs. misTvis damaxasiaTebeli ar<br />

yofila poza, xolo mxatvruli xerxi _ TviTmizani. poetis suli da<br />

gulisTqma nasazrdoebi iyo mSobeli qveynis gmiruli istoriuli<br />

warsuliT, mSobeli kuTxisadmi ganusazRvreli siyvaruliT, tolebisa da<br />

winaprebisadmi axlobluri gancdebiT, adamianebisadmi guliTadi<br />

siTboTi, sicocxlis trfialebis filosofiuri gansjiT. poeti Zlierad<br />

ganicdida Tavisi qveynis mdgomareobas da TviTonac darajad edga mas.<br />

xotbas asxams erisa da qveynisaTvis Tavdadebis marad naTel idealebs.<br />

WeSmariti sinaTliTa da simarTliT savsea misi musikaluri strofebi,<br />

saidanac momdinareobs avtoris daxvewili qarTuli metyveleba. natifi<br />

da narnari, msubuqi riTma, ritmuloba _ yovelive es saintereso<br />

ideur­Sinaarsobriv mxaresTan erTad misi poeziis Semamkobeli niSnebia.<br />

amitom poetis mravali leqsi iqca SesaniSnav qarTul simRerad.<br />

satirisa da iumoris moxdenili momarjvebiT mweralma daikava<br />

mTxrobelis swori pozicia. epoqis sulisSemxuTvel sinamdvileSi<br />

SesZlo swori orientiris gakeTeba. misma basrma satiram da iumorma<br />

mravali Caaxeda cxovrebis marTal sarkeSi. swored iq, sadac mxatvruli<br />

156

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saxeebiT avtors sakuTari azris gamoTqma uWirda, mimarTavda satirasa<br />

da iumors. qarTul mwerlobaSi es xerxi adrec nacadi iyo, mxolod<br />

igavis, arakis an alegoriis gamoyenebiT... Tumca drois tragikuli<br />

kataklizmebis mTeli simwvavis warmoCenis SesaZlebloba maSin<br />

mwerlobas saerTod ar ZaluZda. s.faSaliSvils gaaCnda adamianTa<br />

xasiaTebSi Rrmad wvdomis unari, icnobda maT Sinagan bunebas.<br />

iumoristul WrilSi, satiris momarjvebiT kicxavda mankier mxareebs _<br />

sixarbes, momxveWelobas, winadauxedaobas, moyvasisadmi uyuradRebobasa<br />

da gautanlobas.<br />

siko faSaliSvilis mxatvrul ostatobasTan dakavSirebiT unda<br />

iTqvas, rom 1905 wlis Semdgomi reaqciis periodSi, roca igi damwyeb<br />

poetad gvevlineboda, qveyanaSi friad saintereso literaturuli garemo<br />

sufevda. asparezze gamosuli iyvnen sruliad axali ideebis matarebeli<br />

sxvadasxva miswrafebebisa da mimarTulebis literaturuli jgufebi,<br />

romlebmac problemaTa gansakuTrebul siuxveSi Taviseburad gaanedles<br />

qarTuli literaturis wiaRi. siko Tavis SemoqmedebaSi zogierTi<br />

reformatorul­novatoruli gamonaklisis garda, ZiriTadad tradiciuli<br />

stilis mimdevaria. im novatorulSi ki pirobiTad igulisxmeba qalaquri<br />

koloritis warmoCena, muxambazur­yaraCoxuli stili, romlis mimdevari<br />

erTeuli SemoqmedTagani Tu iyo (mag. ieTim gurji, i. griSaSvili...). TviT<br />

s. faSaliSvilic zogierT gamonakliss uSvebda rogorc poeziaSi, ise<br />

dramaturgiaSi.<br />

memuarebSi mwerlis naazrevis Taviseburebad migvaCnia misi mkafio<br />

lirizmi. lirikuli ganwyobilebis Seqmna Tbil tonalobas aniWebda<br />

Txrobas da amiT mTeli Txzuleba, masSi daxatuli garemo da mwerlis<br />

nanax­gagonili, nacnob­megobarTa wre mkiTxvelisaTvis uSualod<br />

aRqmulni da axlo nacnobni xdebodnen, mis mier warmoCenili yvela<br />

epizodi datvirTulia avtoriseuli gancdiT.<br />

mwerliseuli mgznebareba aSkara xelwerad atyvia mis narkvevebs.<br />

publicisturi miznis miRwevaSi daxmarebas uwevda saqarTvelos<br />

istoriuli warsulis safuZvliani codna da zepirsityvieri masalis<br />

gamoyeneba. narkvevebSi urTierTSerwymulia avtoris<br />

politikur­mxatvruli alRo da Jurnalistur­beletristuli<br />

157

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erTmTlianoba.<br />

siko faSaliSvils zog SemTxvevaSi axasiaTebda saTqmelis<br />

alegoriuli formiT gadmocema, rasac igi TiTqos mniSvnelobas ar<br />

aniWebs, rom oficialuri xelisuflebisaTvis ioli gasaSifri ar<br />

yofiliyo avtoriseuli fiqri da gulisTqma. swored am mizniT<br />

xelovnurad axdenda Seqmnili nawarmoebis drois aRrevas. mwerlis<br />

Semoqmdebaze warmodgenas srulyofilebas sZens misi maRalostaturi<br />

Targmanebi. siko marTebulad iyo miCneuli Targmanis didostatad,<br />

romlis mwvervals dramaturgiaSi Seqspiris komediebis gadmoqarTuleba<br />

warmoadgenda, xolo mxatvrul SemoqmedebaSi puSkinis, lermontovis,<br />

mickeviCis, griboedovis, leberextis, gonCaris da sxva mravalis<br />

Semoqmdebis Targmna.<br />

saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSiris mTargmnelobiTma seqciam s.<br />

faSaliSvils daavala Seqspiris Targmanis gangrZoba. imxanad ukve<br />

mxcovanma mweralma mainc sasaxelod Seasrula es davaleba da sul eqvsi<br />

komedia Targmna, kritikosTa aRiarebiT TiToeuli gamoirCeva maRali<br />

mxatvruli RirsebiT da warmoadgens i. maCablis tradiciebis<br />

gagrZelebas, romelmac qarTulad Targmna Seqspiris tragediebi.<br />

siko faSaliSvilisagan didad iyo davalebuli Teatri da<br />

kinoxelovneba. misi originaluri komediebi da sketCebi qarTuli scenis<br />

mniSvnelovani Senamatia, xolo kinoscenarebma da qarTuli<br />

filmebisaTvis Seqmnilma libretoebma maT avtors saqveynod gauTqva<br />

saxeli.<br />

siko faSaliSvilima dagvitova erTob nayofieri literaturuli<br />

memkvidreoba, romelsac zed etyoba avtoris rogorc SemoqmedebiTi, aseve<br />

adamianuri madli. mwerlis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze dakvirvebiT<br />

kargad Cans, rom igi iyo TvalsaCino poeti da moqalaqe, romelmac<br />

uangarod da upretenziod iRvawa da samSoblos samsaxurs Sealia<br />

mTeli Tavisi energia da Segnebuli cxovreba, samagierod, rCeul<br />

mamuliSvilTa Soris Rirseuli adgili daikava.<br />

158

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ibliografia<br />

1. arvelaZe b. erTi gaxmaurebuli literaturuli polemikis Sesaxeb,<br />

almanaxi `saunje", 1990 w. ##3-4.<br />

2. aslamaziSvili v. stumrad Zia sikosTan, gazeTi `kolmeurne" (siRnaRi),<br />

1966 w. #55.<br />

3. barbaqaZe T. maS gamarjoba, gazeTi `literaturuli saqarTvelo", 2003<br />

w. #47.<br />

4. begiaSvili l. SesaniSnavi mwerali da moqalaqe, gazeTi `kolmeurne"<br />

(siRnaRi), 1969 w. #22.<br />

5. gamsaxurdia k. TxzulebaTa aTtomeuli, tomi VIII, Tbilisi:<br />

gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo", 1983 w.<br />

6. gandegili (dominika erisTavi), poeti vaJa-fSavela, gazeTi `Temi", 1913<br />

w. #111.<br />

7. gomarTeli i. kavkasioni, `saxalxo gazeTi", 1927 w. #27.<br />

8. _ _ _ rCeuli Txzulebani or tomad, tomi II, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba<br />

`litertura da xelovneba", 1966 w.<br />

9. griSaSvili i. nawamebi salome, gazeTi `saxalxo saqme, 1920 w. #942.<br />

10. _ _ _ robaqiZesTvis, gazeTi `saxalxo saqme", 1918 w. #379.<br />

11. _ _ _ `salomeas" garSemo, gazeTi `saxalxo saqme", 1920 w. #919.<br />

12 _ _ _ salome-robaqiZis garSemo (ori werili), gazeTi `saxalxo saqme",<br />

##996, 997.<br />

13. vaJa-fSavela, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli aT tomad, tomi X, Tbilisi:<br />

gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo", 1964 w.<br />

14. Tbilisis g. leoniZis saxelobis literaturis muzeumis masalebi (s.<br />

faSaliSvilis piradi arqivi).<br />

15. TevzaZe d. qarTuli sabWoTa literaturuli kritika, Tbilisi:<br />

gamomcemloba `merani", 1982 w.<br />

16. i. griSaSvilis saxelobis biblioTeka-muzeumis masalebi, saerTo<br />

159

---

#1_1984.<br />

17. imedaSvili g. winasityvaoba i. griSaSvilis leqsebis krebulisa `Cemi<br />

aRmarTi" (Semdgenel-redaqtori silovan narimaniZe), Tbilisi:<br />

gamomcemloba `merani", 1989 w.<br />

18. iovaSvili d. Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvruli narkvevi, Tbilisi:<br />

gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo", 1965 w.<br />

19. melua d. mogvimravldes aseTi, gazeTi `Tbilisi", 1962 w. #62.<br />

20. milorava i. mzeebs iqiT, gazeTi `kalmasoba", 2000 w. #8.<br />

21. mirianaSvili a. Tanamedroveoba mxatvrul saxeebSi (literaturuli<br />

werilebi), Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `merani", 1987 w.<br />

22. _ _ _ poeti da moqalaqe, literaturuli gazeTi, 1960 w. #30.<br />

23. _ _ _ siko faSaliSvili, gazeTi `sabWoTa oseTi", 1988 w. #34.<br />

24. nikoleiSvili a. XX saukunis qarTuli literaturis istoriis<br />

narkvevebi, tomi I, quTaisi: `saxelmwifo universitetis<br />

gamomcemloba", 1994 w.<br />

25. _ _ _ XXsaukunis qarTuli mwerloba, quTaisi: `saxelmwifo<br />

universitetis gamomcemloba", 2002 w.<br />

26. revia d. Zvirfas oqrod darCeba, gazeTi `Tbilisi" 1988 w. #74.<br />

27. robaqiZe g. kidev ritmisTvis, gazeTi `saqarTvelo", 1920 w. #89.<br />

28. _ _ _ `leila", Jurnali `leila", 1917 w. #1.<br />

29. _ _ _ maruTa Suamdinarels, gazeTi `saqarTvelo", 1920 w. #98.<br />

30. _ _ _ pasuxad, gazeTi `saqarTvelo", 1920 w. #102.<br />

31. _ _ _ pasuxad griSaSvils, gazeTi `saqarTvelo", 1920 w. #211.<br />

32. _ _ _ foTlebi, gazeTi `Tbilisi", 1988w. #95<br />

33. _ _ _ qarTulis garSemo (werilebis seria), gazeTi `saqarTvelo", 1920<br />

w. ##117, 123, 128, 141.<br />

34. _ _ _ qarTuli ritmuli, gazeTi `saqarTvelo", 1920 w. #82.<br />

35. sanganiZe (sandro grZeliSvili), literaturuli saRamo mgosan akakis<br />

monawileobiT, `saxalxo gazeTi", 1913 w. # 1037.<br />

36. saqarTvelos literaturisa da xelovnebis saxelmwifo arqivi (csa),<br />

fondi 8.<br />

37. _ _ _ vaxtang tabliaSvilis piradi arqivi, fondi 110.<br />

38. sulaberiZe S. Tanamedrove lirikosTa portretebi, Tbilisi:<br />

160

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gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo", 1966w.<br />

39. _ _ _ siko faSaliSvilis erTtomeuli, Jurnali `mnaTobi",1960 w. #5.<br />

40. uaxlesi qarTuli literaturis istoria, nawili I, Tbilisi:<br />

`Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba", 1990 w.<br />

41. _ _ _ nawili II, Tbilisi: `Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />

gamomcemloba", 1990 w.<br />

42. faSaliSvili s. gamouqveynebeli leqsebidan, gazeTi `literaturuli<br />

saqarTvelo", 1970 w. #13.<br />

43. _ _ _ dauviwyari Sexvedrebi, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `nakaduli", 1966<br />

w.<br />

44. _ _ _ erTtomeuli (leqsebi), Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `saxelgami", 1959<br />

w.<br />

45. _ _ _ leqsebi, gazeTi `literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1970 w. #13.<br />

46. _ _ _ lirikuli rveulidan, gazeTi `komunisti", 1967 w. #83.<br />

47. _ _ _ mxiaruli wigni, Tbilisi: `saqarTvelos Teatraluri<br />

sazogadoebis gamomcemloba", 1962 w.<br />

48. _ _ _ robaqiZiada, gazeTi `saxalxo saqme", 1920 w. #926.<br />

49. _ _ _ sapasuxo, gazeTi `saxalxo saqme", 1920 w. #915.<br />

50. _ _ _ saRamo gorSi, gazeTi `komunisti", 1945 w. #23.<br />

51. _ _ _ Zvel yamirebze, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `saxelgami", 1934 w.<br />

52. qarTuli dramaturgia 15 tomad, tomi I, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba<br />

`xelovneba", 1992 w.<br />

53. qarTuli sabWoTa mwerlobis veterani (s. faSaliSvilis dabadebis 70-e<br />

wlisTavisaTvis), `literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1966 w. #7.<br />

54. SanSiaSvili s. xsovna maradi, gazeTi `komunisti", 1920 w. #68.<br />

55. SarmiaSvili n. siko faSaliSvilis Targmanebi, gazeTi `kolmeurne"<br />

(siRnaRi), 1964 w. #70.<br />

56. Seqspiri u. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli 5 tomad, t. I, (red. n.<br />

yiasaSvili), Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `xelovneba", 1988 w.<br />

57. ciciSvili g. gulmarTali Semoqmedi, gazeTi `komunisti", 1966 w. #39.<br />

58. WavWavaZe i. Teatris Sesaxeb, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `xelovneba",<br />

1955 w.<br />

161

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59. Wilaia s. ocwleuli, Tbilisi: Tsu-s gamomcemloba, 1986 w.<br />

60. _ _ _ sityvis ostati, gazeTi `komunisti", 1970 w. #68<br />

61. xinTibiZe a. almanaxi `riwa", 1989 w. #3<br />

62. javaxiSvili g. `gazeTi `xma kaxeTisa", Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `merani",<br />

2002 w.<br />

63. javaxiSvili i. mravalmxrivi Semoqmedi, gazeTi `kolmeurne" (siRnaRi),<br />

1962 w. # 51.<br />

64. _ _ _ poeti, moRvawe, adamiani. gazeTi `Tbilisi", 1962 w. #62.<br />

65. _ _ _ rusTavelis mociquli qiziySi. gazeTi `soflis cxovreba", 1990<br />

w. #65.<br />

66. jangulaSvili T. sinaTle, gazeTi `literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1965<br />

w. #41.<br />

162