saubrebi Jurnalistikaze

<strong>saubrebi</strong><br />

Tbilisi<br />

2010 weli<br />

1<br />

Teimuraz qoriZe<br />

<strong>Jurnalistikaze</strong>

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edaqtori: revaz miSvelaZe<br />

dizaineri: gia Ciqvanaia<br />

teqnikuri<br />

redaqtori: qeTi xeteSvili<br />

koreqtorebi: mzia qoriZe,<br />

operatori: darejan mzarelua<br />

ISBN 978-9941-0-2943-1<br />

2<br />

gamomcemloba<br />

`berika~<br />

75-62-24; 899 202 413

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zeg ar iqneba gvian<br />

Cemi qveynis winaSe ori gamousworebeli `danaSauli~ mimiZRvis<br />

_ davibade Zalian adre da Jurnalistikis problemebiT<br />

davinteresdi Zalian gvian. ase rom, bevri Canafiqris<br />

Sesrulebas, albaT, ver movaswreb. imedi maqvs, amas Cemi momavali<br />

Tanamoazreebi da oponentebi gaakeTeben.<br />

fridrix nicSes Tayvanismcemlebs ar vekuTvni, magram<br />

unda gavixseno erTi patara abzaci misi `antiqristianis~<br />

winasityvaobidan:<br />

`es wigni erTeulebisTvis daiwera. SesaZloa, isini<br />

amqveynad jerac ar movlenilan. Cemi dRe zeg dadgeba _<br />

zogi xom wuTisoflidan wasvlis Semdeg ibadeba~.<br />

nicSes* `antiqristianis~ damjerma xalxma `zeg~ qv ey<br />

niereba kinaRam ufskrulSi gadaCexa _ nacistur-leninur<br />

ideologiebs da masze dayrdnobiT aRmocenebul<br />

soveto-faSistur saxelmwifoebs vgulisxmob. kacobriobam<br />

udidesi Zalisxmevisa da eniT auwereli msxverplis<br />

fasad, faSizmic da socializmic daamarcxa, magram isini<br />

ar momkvdaran da mxolod istoriis Seswavlis obieqtebad<br />

ar qceulan _ msoflios bevri qveynis xelisuflebebSi<br />

dResac cocxloben da axal-axali `zeadamianebis~ gamosaCekad,<br />

usastikesi diqtaturebis dasamyareblad emzadebian.<br />

2003 wlis noembris `vardebis revoluciisas~ qarTuli<br />

sazogadoeba am mzadebis procesis mowmed da uneblie<br />

monawiled iqca.<br />

iq, Cvengan Sors, civilizebul samyaroSi, sadac qveyanas<br />

marTaven kanonebi da kanonmorCili adamianebi, diqtatoruli<br />

reJimis damyareba, beladebis gamoCena praqtikulad<br />

gamoricxulia. samagierod, `didi liderebi~, beladebi da,<br />

Sesabamisad, diqtatoruli reJimebi mravlad aRmocendnen<br />

`msoflio socialisturi Tanamegobrobis banakis~ daSlis<br />

Semdeg.<br />

im saerTaSoriso Zalebs, mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />

meTodurad rom angrevdnen socialistur sistemas, im organizaciebs<br />

da pirovnebebs Signidan, xSirad sakuTari sicocxlis<br />

fasad, am sistemis, ngrevisTvis xelis waSvelebas<br />

rom cdilobdnen, albaT, gulwrfelad swamdaT, rom Sede-<br />

3

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gad liberaluri demokratiis saxelmwifoebs miiRebdnen.<br />

am gulubryvilo imedma bevrgan ar gaamarTla _ socializmis<br />

uRelgadagdebuli saxelmwifoebi da xalxebi<br />

aSkarad ar aRmoCndnen mzad mmarTvelobis Tvisobrivad<br />

axali, demokratiuli sistemisTvis. saqarTvelo da misi<br />

xalxi erT-erTia imedgacruebulTa Soris. Cemi fiqriT,<br />

yvelaze tragikuli am istoriaSi is aris, rom odesRac<br />

udidesi kulturis Semoqmedi, msoflio civilizaciis<br />

nawili _ saqarTvelo iqca msoflios supersaxelmwifoebis,<br />

iqauri mTavrobebisa da mecnierebis dakvirvebebisa da<br />

eqsperimentebis obieqtad.<br />

msoflio gamocdilebisTvis saqarTveloSi momxdar da<br />

mosalodnel movlenebs marTlac udidesi mniSvneloba<br />

aqvs. `ganviTarebulebs~ (romelTa saqonlis gasaRebis bazrad<br />

da iafi muSaxelis bazad unda iqcnen `ganuviTareblebi~)<br />

istoriis scenaris umcires detalebamde daxvewa<br />

da movlenaTa msvlelobaze sruli kontrolis damyareba<br />

surT. saqarTvelo maTTvis saeqsperimentod idealuri<br />

qveyana gamodga: hava _ SesaniSnavi, geografiuli mdebareoba<br />

_ sanatreli, warsuli _ saamayo, awmyo _ savalalo,<br />

momavali _ bundovani, xalxi _ damjeri, ambiciebi<br />

_ uzomo, niWi _ usazRvro, Wkua _ mcire, patriotizmi _<br />

sayvelpuro, liderebi _ naxevari msoflios samyofi!..<br />

evropeli da okeanisgaRmeli `civilizebulebi~ ar Cqaroben.<br />

is, rac qarTveli xalxisTvis tragikulia, maTTvis<br />

erTucnobiani gantolebaa, romlis amoxsnac momavalSi,<br />

SesaZloa, gacilebiT ufro rTuli (mravalucnobiani) gantolebis<br />

amoxsnaSi daexmaros. Cveni mravalsaukunovani<br />

kultura maTTvis yovlad Cveulebrivi egzotikaa, Cveni<br />

ambiciebi _ bavSvis Wirveuloba, Cveni xelisuflebis maxinji<br />

midrekilebebi _ nacnobi TamaSi, Cveni xalxis ukiduresi<br />

ekonomikuri siduxWire _ statistika. isic SesaniSnavad<br />

ician, rom sadRac samxreT kavkasiaSi, Savi zRvis<br />

piras mokekluce Zveli traqtiri myvirala abriT _ `Tavisufali,<br />

damoukidebeli saqarTvelo~ _ uaxloesi aTwleulebis<br />

ganmavlobaSi verc Tavisufali gaxdeba, verc<br />

damoukidebeli da verc didi `megobrebis~ Rirseul partniorobas<br />

SeZlebs.<br />

4

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Cvens Tavs Cvenve unda movuaroT, Cvens sens Cvenve unda<br />

vumkurnaloT. upirveles yovlisa, es xelisuflebis valia,<br />

magram man rom Tavisi funqcia srulfasovnad da uangarod<br />

Seasrulos, Cven, am qveynis moqalaqeebma, srulfasovani<br />

da uangaro xelisufleba unda avirCioT. Tu dRes ara, Tu<br />

xval ara, zeg mainc. es wignic am arCevnisTvis mzadebis dasawyisi<br />

mgonia.<br />

darwmunebuli var, Cems `saubrebs~ saqarTvelos arc<br />

dRevandeli da arc xvalindeli xelisufleba ar Seismens<br />

_ ase yofila aTadan-babadan da ase iqneba momaval-<br />

Sic, vidre iarsebebs Zaladobrivi saxelmwifo, vidre Zalauflebis<br />

paTologiurad trfial adamianebs umaRlesi<br />

xelisuflebisken mimavali yvela gza ar Caeketeba. `<strong>saubrebi</strong>~<br />

sainteresoa ara im adamianebisTvis, visac dRes xelisuflebaSi<br />

irCeven, an vinc ukve airCies, aramed imaT-<br />

Tvis, vinc es adamianebi xelisuflebaSi miiyvana, an xval<br />

miiyvans.<br />

Cemi (da `<strong>saubrebi</strong>s~) mizani mokrZalebulia _ Tanamoqalaqeebs<br />

rogorme Cvens winaSe mdgari problemebi davanaxo.<br />

gakvriT iqneb am problemebis warmoSobazec mivuTiTo,<br />

magram ara problemaTa gadaWris gzebze, radgan amisTvis<br />

erTi adamianis goneba metismetad uZluri meCveneba.<br />

ra Tqma unda, yvela am da kidev bevr sxva mtkivneul<br />

sakiTxze bevri msjeloba, bevrnairi daskvnis gakeTeba Sei-<br />

Zleba _ problemaTa nusxa xom usasruloa.<br />

didi madloba kolegebs da yvelas, vinc am wignze muSaobis<br />

dros mxarSi amomidga, maT Soris, Cemi ojaxis wevrebs.<br />

rac Seexeba miZRvnas, neba miboZeT, cnobil ungrel konstitucionalists,<br />

profesor andraS Saios* davesesxo:<br />

am patara traqtats vuZRvni imaT, vinc amas yvelaze metad<br />

imsaxurebs _ saqarTvelos xelisuflebaSi myof adamianebs,<br />

romelTa ampartavnobam da uvicobam maiZula am<br />

wignis dawera.<br />

5<br />

Teimuraz qoriZe<br />

31. XII. 2006

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Tavi I<br />

umoklesi gza popularobisken<br />

am momxibvlel axalgazrdas yvela icnobs. ucnobebic ki<br />

RimiliT esalmebian. misiT amayoben, rCevas ekiTxebian, seriozuli<br />

problemebis gadawyvetas andoben; masTan damegobrebas<br />

TviT umaRlesi rangis Cinovnikebic cdiloben;<br />

mas xandazmuli adamianebic ki baZaven.<br />

igi arc cnobili sportsmenia, arc msaxiobi, arc estradis<br />

momRerali, arc vunderkindi fizikosi, arc top-modeli<br />

da, warmoidgineT, verc gansakuTrebuli garegnobiT<br />

daikvexnis.<br />

igi Jurnalistia!<br />

Jurnalistis karieraze msoflioSi uamravi axalgazrda<br />

ocnebobs. ocneba, rogorc wesi, televarskvlavobidan<br />

iwyeba. daRvinebasTan, anu asakis momatebasTan erTad, upiratesoba<br />

TandaTan eniWeba presis Jurnalistobas _ rogorc<br />

ufro rTuls da ufro prestiJuls.<br />

sarbieli xom, rom inatrebT, iseTi ukideganoa _ asobiT<br />

dasaxelebisa da uklebliv yvela gemovnebis Sesaferisi<br />

gaz eTi, Jurnali da sainformacio saagento. Tu qarTuli<br />

an banis yvela aso uSecdomod ici, Tanac, Jurnalistobis<br />

dauokebeli survilic gaqvs, xels veraferi SegiSlis. SegiSlis<br />

ki ara, Zalian bevri qarTveli Jurnalisti karieras<br />

pirdapir gazeTis an Jurnalis mTavari redaqtorobidan<br />

iwyebs.<br />

ar meguleba msoflioSi meore qveyana, sadac erT sul<br />

mosaxleze amdeni Jurnalisti modiodes. saqarTvelo am<br />

mxriv marTlac unikaluria. rac mTavaria, ar meguleba Jurnalisti,<br />

vinc TviT `niu-iork Taimsis~ mTavar redaqtorobaze<br />

ityoda uars.<br />

es wigni im adamianebisTvis daiwera, vinc fiqrobs, rom<br />

sanam popularobisken mimaval bilikze airbendes, iqneb<br />

gaiziaros im adamianis mokrZalebuli gamocdileba, visac<br />

es mimzidveli, magram Zneli biliki odesRac ukve<br />

gauvlia.<br />

8

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gonebamaxvili venecieli, roca meTeqvsmete saukunis<br />

dasawyisSi xelnawer sainformacio furcels uSvebda da<br />

oriode gabetad (groSad) yidda, albaT ver warmoidgenda,<br />

rom msoflio sagazeTo industrias uyrida safuZvels.<br />

xolo mas Semdeg, rac meCvidmete saukunis dasawyisSi safrangeTSi<br />

pirveli regularuli gazeTebi gamovida, ar<br />

wydeba kamaTi, zogadad, presis raobaze. zogis azriT, es<br />

aris informaciis gavrcelebis saSualeba da meti araferi.<br />

arcTu usafuZvlod imasac fiqroben, rom es aris sazogadoebaze<br />

zemoqmedebis mZlavri iaraRi, uebari saSualeba<br />

sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis Camosayalibeblad. sxvebi<br />

darwmunebuli arian, rom es aris ideologiuri iaraRi_<br />

politikuri manipulaciebis instrumenti. gavixsenoT,<br />

Tundac, leninis `iskrasTan~ dakavSirebuli imedebi da<br />

am gazeTis roli bolSevikebis xelisuflebaSi misvlaSi;<br />

gavixsenoT, ra imedebs amyarebda qarTulenovan gazeTze<br />

didi ganmanaTlebeli solomon dodaSvili; ilia WavWava-<br />

Zis xelmZRvanelobiT gamomavali gazeTebis mniSvneloba<br />

im epoqis qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azris CamoyalibebaSi<br />

da mravali sxva. Tanamedrove samyaroSi gazeTs, zogadad,<br />

uzarmazari politikuri mniSvnelobac aqvs _ xelisuflebis<br />

mopovebisTvis daundobel brZolaSi gadamwyveti<br />

upiratesoba eniWeba im jgufs, romelsac presaze realuri<br />

gavlena gaaCnia.<br />

gulaxdilad rom vTqva, presis romelime funqciisTvis<br />

raime gansakuTrebuli upiratesobis miniWeba Zalian mi-<br />

Wirs, vinaidan Tanamedrove pirobebSi presas aqvs yvela es<br />

funqcia da bevri sxvac. magaliTad _ dezinformatoris,<br />

sazogadoebrivi azris gammrudeblis, politikuri mowinaaRmdegis<br />

gamanadgureblis, Zilis wamlis, Zexvis gasaxvevi<br />

qaRaldis da a. S. usasrulod.<br />

Zalian mokled, Jurnalistika SeiZleba aseTnairadac<br />

ganvmartoT: Jurnalistika aris mkiTxvelisTvis informaciis<br />

miwodebis xelovneba.<br />

aqedan gamomdinare, bunebrivad Cndeba kiTxva:<br />

9

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vin aris Jurnalisti?<br />

90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi pativi damdes da TbilisSi, Jurnalistis<br />

saxlSi presis Sesaxeb kanonis romeliRac versiis<br />

ganxilvaze mimiwvies. es iyo ramdenime aTeul gverdze<br />

gadaWimuli da, faqtobrivad, arafrismTqmeli dokumenti.<br />

misi ZiriTadi nakli is gaxldaT, rom TiTqmis sityvasityviT<br />

imeorebda konstituciis, sisxlis, samoqalaqo da administraciuli<br />

samarTlis kodeqsebis, sxva normatiuli<br />

aqtebis calkeul muxlebs. rac mTavaria, mocemuli iyo<br />

Jurnalistis ganmartebac. igi daaxloebiT ase JRerda:<br />

`Jurnalisti aris pirovneba, romelsac aqvs specialuri<br />

sauniversiteto Jurnalisturi ganaTleba da muSaobs<br />

romelime gazeTSi, JurnalSi, saagentoSi, radioSi, televiziaSi<br />

an gamomcemlobaSi nebismier Tanamdebobaze~.<br />

am ganmartebidan gamomdinare, me ukve aRar merqva Jurnalisti,<br />

vinaidan sauniversiteto ganaTlebiT Jurnalisti<br />

ki ara, aRmosavleTmcodne-istorikosi viyavi. samagierod,<br />

kanonis proeqtSi Jurnalistad moixsenieboda yvela, visac<br />

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis Jurnalistikis<br />

fakulteti daemTavrebina, romelime gazeTis koreqtorad<br />

muSaobda da arasodes arc erTi striqoni ar daewera!<br />

sxvaTa Soris, sabWoTa periodSi `respublikis damsaxurebuli<br />

Jurnalistis~ sapatio wodebebi xSirad eniWeboda<br />

asoTamwyobebs, koreqtorebs, gamomSvebebs, mbeWdavebs,<br />

gazeTis gamsaReblebs da bevr sxva teqnikur muSaks. es iyo<br />

klasikuri sabWoTa stili.<br />

kanonis im proeqts bevri sxva naklic hqonda da igi parlamentma<br />

gansaxilvelad ar miiRo. magram aq mTavaria TviT<br />

sakiTxis dasma _ vin miaCndaT Jurnalistad im periodSi:<br />

is, vinc uSualod qmnida Jurnalistur produqcias, Tu is,<br />

vinc gamocemis teqnikur mxares uzrunvelyofda.<br />

kiTxva, vin aris Jurnalisti, didi xnis ganmavlobaSi,<br />

marTlac, Znelad sapasuxo aRmoCnda. ambobdnen, rom es<br />

aris is adamiani, vinc wers, aredaqtirebs, an akoreqturebs<br />

presisTvis gankuTvnil masalebs. magram isic xom SeiZleba,<br />

erTi moipovebdes informacias da meore werdes? sabolood,<br />

1994 wels, berlinSi yofnisas aseTi ganmarteba<br />

10

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movismine: `Jurnalisti aris piri, visi Semosavlebis 30<br />

procentze meti Jurnalistur saqmianobaze modis~.<br />

mTlad idealuri, albaT, arc es ganmartebaa, magram<br />

Cvenebur versiaze gacilebiT mravlismetyvelia, Tumca,<br />

aucileblad moiTxovs cnebis, `Jurnalisturi moRvaweoba~,<br />

ganmartebas.<br />

visac odesme masobrivi informaciis saSualebebSi<br />

umoRvawia, uTuod icis, rom `Jurnalisturi moRvaweoba~<br />

niSnavs informaciis mopovebas, masalis gamosacemad<br />

momzadebas, sxvis mier momzadebuli masalebis redaqtirebas,<br />

zogadad, _ saredaqcio samuSaos.<br />

Jurnalistika aris azris sworad, naTlad da lakoniurad<br />

gadmocemis xelovneba. am Tvisebebis SeZena yvelaze<br />

prestiJuli universitetis auditoriebSic ki TiTqmis<br />

SeuZlebelia. diad sabWoeTSi amaze saubaric ki zedmeti<br />

iyo, vinaidan sabWoTa Jurnalistikis winaSe idga cxadze<br />

cxadi amocana _ komunisturi partiis saqmianobis, misi<br />

ideologiis propaganda da arasocialisturi samyaros winaaRmdeg<br />

mimarTuli agitacia. marTalia, davaleba arcTu<br />

koreqtulia, samagierod, absoluturad gasagebi da, amis<br />

gamo, didad dasafasebelicaa.<br />

komunisturi reJimisTvis presa marTlac iyo ideologiuri<br />

brZolis Zalian mZlavri iaraRi. amas arc aravin<br />

malavda. brZeni komunisturi partiis davalebiT, nebismieri<br />

gazeTis, Jurnalis, radiosa Tu televiziis yvela<br />

TanamSromlis saimedoobas specsamsaxurebi gulmodgined<br />

amowmebdnen. aseT viTarebaSi, Jurnalistis popularoba<br />

damokidebuli iyo ara pirovnebis niWze, unarze, codnaze<br />

an, Tundac, simamaceze, aramed... yovlismcodne partiaze<br />

_ popularuli iyo is, visac partia daavalebda yofiliyo<br />

popularuli.<br />

es ar niSnavs, rom imdroindel presaSi niWieri adamianebi<br />

ar moRvaweobdnen. ra Tqma unda, iyvnen, magram maTi SesaZleblobebis<br />

gasamJRavneblad pirobebi, faqtobrivad,<br />

ar arsebobda. bunebrivia, Zalian Zneli iyo komunistur<br />

presaSi muSaobis dawyebac. imasac nu daviviwyebT, rom sab-<br />

WoTa qveynis TviT ukanasknel wuTebamdec ki, presis avtoriteti<br />

uaRresad maRali gaxldaT, _ sazogadoebisTvisac<br />

11

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da umaRlesi rangis partiuli da sabWoTa funqcionerebisTvisac.<br />

swored im dros aRmovCndi `TbilisSi~, saqarTvelos<br />

kompartiis Tbilisis saqalaqo komitetis gazeTSi. warmoidgineT,<br />

upartio, umuSevari aRmosavleTmcodne-istorikosi<br />

da partiuli gazeTis korespondenti! es iyo yovlad<br />

gaugonari mkrexeloba, danaSauli leninis anderZis<br />

winaSe. magram es iyo sinamdvile.<br />

rogor gavxdi Jurnalisti<br />

1985 wels sabWoTa umuSevarTa rigebs SevuerTdi _ naqiravebi<br />

bina, coli, Svilebi da... araviTari Semosavali.<br />

RvTisa da axloblebis wyalobiT, saqarTveloSi kaci<br />

amas gauZlebda, magram Cems mdgomareobas arTulebda miliciis<br />

ubnis rwmunebuli _ Suaxnis simpaTiuri maiori,<br />

filosofiis moyvaruli inteleqtuali. igi yovel orsam<br />

dReSi erTxel modioda CemTan. vsaubrobdiT literaturaze,<br />

istoriaze, zogadad, cxovrebis amaoebaze.<br />

mere adgenda oqms Cemi usaqmurobis Taobaze da akravda<br />

`saqmeSi~. `saqme~ izrdeboda da TandaTan ikveTeboda Cemi,<br />

sazogadoebis xorcmetis saxe.<br />

arada, vwerdi gancxadebebs raikomSi, aRmaskomSi, qalaqkomSi,<br />

cekaSic ki da viTxovdi romelime qarxanaSi<br />

muSad miRebas. Cemi ganaTlebis cenzis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

muSad ar mimiRes. samagierod, Camweres umuSevari istoriis<br />

maswavleblebis siaSi 325-e nomrad, rac niSnavda, rom<br />

rigis mixedviT, skolis maswavleblis adgils miviRebdi<br />

103 wlis asakSi.<br />

maSin aRmaskomebSi moqmedebda muqTaxorobisa da parazitizmis<br />

winaaRmdeg mebrZoli komisia. yovel or kviraSi<br />

erTxel mibarebdnen am komisiis sxdomaze da ubnel qurdbacacebTan<br />

erTad mkicxavdnen usaqmurobisa da usaqcielobis<br />

gamo. axlandel Taobas, visac komunistur epoqaSi<br />

ar ucxovria, Cemi naambobi gadaWarbebulad moeCveneba, magram,<br />

merwmuneT, marTlac ase iyo. cota uaresadac.<br />

viTareba metismetad daiZaba 1986 wlis maisSi _ Seiqmna<br />

12

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Cemi e. w. `SromiTi iZulebis~, ufro prozaulad rom vTqva,<br />

Sroma-gasworebis koloniaSi (cixeSi) gagzavnis realuri<br />

saSiSroeba. swored maSin Cveni ojaxis didi megobris, msaxiob<br />

zeinab bocvaZis SuamdgomlobiT gazeT `Tbilisis~ redaqtor<br />

arCil gogeliasTan aRmovCndi.<br />

zeikom baton arCilTan ise damaxasiaTa, Cemi Tavi Tvi-<br />

Tonve momewona. Tanac, Cemi ojaxuri mdgomareobac auxsna.<br />

_ rogor, mTel Tbiliss vicnob da am biWs samsaxurs<br />

ver gamovuZebnio?! _ dahpirda Cems proteqtors batoni<br />

arCili, me ki mTxova, mis saxelze damewera gancxadeba, rac<br />

SeiZleba dawvrilebiT.<br />

grZeli gancxadeba meore dResve mivitane da misaRebSi<br />

mdivans davutove. Tumca, arc arCil gogelias didi imedi<br />

gamCenia, vinaidan arcerT Cinovniks, visac maSin mivmarTavdi,<br />

Cems daxmarebaze uari ar uTqvams.<br />

mesame dRes, zustad maxsovs _ 1986 wlis 18 maiss _<br />

damirekes, redaqtori gibarebso.<br />

mivedi.<br />

_ kaco, Seni gancxadeba wavikiTxe da sami Ramea ar<br />

miZinia, _ miTxra batonma arCilma, _ nuTu, yvelaferi<br />

marTlac asea?<br />

_ asea-meTqi, _ davudasture.<br />

_ ici, ras getyvi, me uamrav adamians vicnob, dRes-xval<br />

zog-zogebs davukavSirdebi da raRacas gamogiZebni. Sen<br />

nu SegeSindeba, xan asea, xan _ ise. miliciaSi da aRmaskomSi<br />

ukve davreke, xels aravin gaxlebs... ar mjera, nuTu, marTla<br />

aseTi ambebi xdeba!<br />

redaqtors davemSvidobe, karamdec mivedi, rom arCilma<br />

isev damiZaxa:<br />

_ moica, erTi, Tu Zma xar, ar gewyinos da, Sen rom<br />

gancxadeba momitane, visi dawerili iyo?<br />

_ Cemi, visi unda yofiliyo-meTqi, _ gamikvirda da,<br />

cota ar iyos, mewyina kidec.<br />

_ maSin, ici ra, modi, CemTan migiReb, redaqciaSi. xelfasi<br />

jerjerobiT maincdamainc didi ar geqneba, magram<br />

TandaTan yvelaferi gamoswordeba. ha, ras ityvi?<br />

ra meTqmoda.<br />

mesame dRes komunisturi gazeTis redaqtorma, ro-<br />

13

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melic Cems erTaderT `nawarmoebs~, gancxadebas, icnobda,<br />

dawera brZaneba `Tbilisis~ korespondentad Cemi daniSvnis<br />

Taobaze.<br />

im dros es iyo yovlad warmoudgeneli SemTxveva.<br />

`Tbilisis~ korespondentad daniSvnas cekas mdivnis done<br />

sWirdeboda. arCil gogelia ar cnobda nomenklaturul<br />

sazRvrebs. igi gamodioda saqmis interesebidan da Tavis<br />

saredaqtoro samzareuloSi zemodan Carevis uflebas<br />

aravis aZlevda, TviT cekas yovlisSemZle mdivansac ki.<br />

amaSi mere da mere ufro davrwmundi.<br />

`Tbilisi~ arCil gogelias xelSi umSvenieres gazeTad<br />

iqca. misi tiraJi yoveldRiurad izrdeboda. arCilma Seqmna<br />

precendenti, rom, Turme, SesaZlebeli yofila mmarTvelobis<br />

komunisturi reJimis seriozuli kritika TviT<br />

komunistur gazeTSic ki.<br />

Tavad is faqti, rom me, `viRac quCidan mosuli~ araJurnalisti,<br />

ramdenime TveSi ukve popularuli Jurnalisti<br />

viyavi, TavisTavad metyvelebs arCil gogelias, rogorc<br />

redaqtoris araordinalur azrovnebaze, mamuliSvilobaze,<br />

saqmis codnasa da simamacezec. maSindel `TbilisSi~<br />

iseTi rameebi ibeWdeboda, rasac oficiozi bevr, marTlac<br />

demokratiul qveyanaSic ki ver bedavs.<br />

arCil gogelias `ufrosebi~ xSirad urekavdnen, biuroebze<br />

da sxdomebze iZaxebdnen, sayvedurobdnen, emuqrebodnen<br />

kidec, magram yvelaferi es Cvenamde, uSualo Semsruleblebamde<br />

arasodes ar modioda _ araviTari `socialuri<br />

dakveTa~, araviTari SezRudva, araviTari sayveduri! ar-<br />

Cili iyo ara mxolod SesaniSnavi redaqtori, aramed Cveni,<br />

redaqciis yvela TanamSromlis uaxloesi megobari, maswavlebeli<br />

da Semwe.<br />

arCil gogelias, Cems ufros megobars, Cemi ojaxis did<br />

moamages bevrjer uTqvams, rom man `Seqmna Jurnalisti<br />

Teimuraz qoriZe~.<br />

diax, arCil gogeliam Seqmna Jurnalisti qoriZe da ara<br />

mxolod is. am niWierma, uangaro da uboroto kacma meoce<br />

saukunis qarTul Jurnalistikas aCuqa yovelgvari koniunqturisgan<br />

Tavisufali, patiosani, Tavdadebuli, maRalprofesionali<br />

Jurnalistebis mTeli Taoba.<br />

14

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imJamindeli `Tbilisis~ redaqtorma maSin SeZlo is,<br />

rac manamde TiTqmis SeuZlebeli Canda _ partiul cenzuras<br />

Tavisi pirobebi wauyena da aiZula kidec mieRo isini.<br />

man, sakuTari karieris riskis fasad redaqciaSi miiwvia<br />

bevri adamiani, romelTa didi umravlesoba swrafad iqca<br />

popularul Jurnalistad. kargi gazeTis Seqmnas da kargi<br />

Jurnalistis aRzrdas udidesi moTmineba, sazogadoebis<br />

codna, alRo da albaT raRac eniT gamouTqmeli specialuri<br />

niWic sWirdeba. Cemi pirveli maswavleblebi presaSi<br />

baton arCilTan erTad iyvnen lia goderZiSvili, irakli<br />

beriaSvili, marine maisuraZe, oTar xuciSvili da sxvebi.<br />

erTi maswavlida, ra unda damewera, meore _ rogor unda<br />

damewera. mec, etyoba, bejiTi mowafe gamovdeqi.<br />

iyvnen namdvili, orTodoqsi komunisti Jurnalistebic.<br />

imaTic didad madlobeli var: rom ara isini, verasodes<br />

ver viswavlidi, rogor ar SeiZleba wera.<br />

erT kuriozul faqts gavixseneb.<br />

`TbilisSi~ Cems morig publikacias partiis qalaqkomis<br />

ideologiuri ganyofilebis mxridan morigi mwvave reaqcia<br />

mohyva. amxanagma ideologebma (SemdegSi, `qveyana rom gadabrunda~,<br />

TiTqmis yvela maTgani maRali rangis Tanamdebobis<br />

piri da `erovnuli moRvawe~ gaxda!) kategoriulad<br />

moiTxoves Cemi `partiuli xaziT~ dasja. batoni arCili<br />

SvebulebaSi iyo da redaqtoris movaleobas qalbatoni<br />

nargiza mgelaZe asrulebda. moiwvies redaqciis saerTo<br />

partiuli kreba da samagaliTod damsajes _ sastiki sayveduri<br />

ukanaskneli gafrTxilebiT, partiul saaRricxvo<br />

baraTSi SetaniT! gaformda oqmi da gaegzavna qalaqkoms.<br />

saqme is aris, rom arc komunisturi da arc romelime<br />

sxva partiis wevri arasodes ar vyofilvar. es, ra Tqma<br />

unda, icoda iumoris niWiT dajildoebulma qalbatonma<br />

nargizamac.<br />

_ akeTe, Zamiko, Seni saqme da eseni ramdenjerac<br />

moiTxoven, imden sayvedurs gamogicxadeb, _ damamSvida<br />

man krebis Semdeg.<br />

da mainc, rom ara is veragi da saSinlad cnobismoyvare<br />

miliciis maiori, Cemi ubnis rwmunebuli, Jurnalistobaze,<br />

albaT, verasodes viocnebebdi.<br />

15

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Jurnalistis profesia _ miTi da sinamdvile<br />

odesRac arCil gogeliam mwared ixumra, adamianebis<br />

umravlesoba darwmunebulia, rom gazeTebi jixurebSi<br />

gamodiso. mTlad ase ar unda iyos, magram adamianebis umravlesobam<br />

namdvilad ar icis, ra dgas Jurnalistobis, am<br />

inteligenturi profesiis ukan.<br />

Jurnalistoba marTlac aris erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli<br />

profesia mTel msoflioSi. imas ra sjobs, roca<br />

giwveven yvelaze prestiJul wveulebebze; SenTan damegobrebas<br />

cdiloben cnobili biznesmenebi, politikosebi,<br />

aristokratebi da TviT samefo ojaxebis wevrebi; Sens<br />

ekranze gamoCenas, an Sens sagazeTo publikacias mouTmenlad<br />

elis milionobiT adamiani; gigzavnian werilebs,<br />

gTavazoben nairnair momxiblav winadadebas...<br />

isic gaiTvaliswineT, rom Tqveni kariera ar aris<br />

sportsmenis an topmodelis karierasaviT swrafwarmavali<br />

_ Tqvenma varskvlavma iqneb ramdenime aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />

ikaSkaSos!<br />

momxiblavi perspeqtivaa da amitomac ase eltvis axalgazrdoba<br />

Jurnalistis profesias.<br />

aris kidev erTi friad seriozuli mizezi _ profesiis<br />

moCvenebiTi siiole. sityva `moCvenebiTi~ SemTxveviT ar<br />

mixsenebia. presis bevri muSaki, Jurnalisti darwmunebulia,<br />

rom an TviTon aris geniosi, an misi profesiaa metismetad<br />

ubralo. mTeli ubedureba is aris, rom 90-iani<br />

wlebis saqarTvelos sinamdvile marTlac iZleoda aseTi<br />

daskvnis saSualebas. warmoidgineT oTxmilioniani evropis<br />

ganapira saxelmwifo eqvsasamde dasaxelebis gazeTiT,<br />

orasamde JurnaliT, asamde tele da radiokompaniiT, amdenive<br />

sainformacio saagentoTi, aTeulobiT pressamsaxuriTa<br />

da aTi aTasobiT JurnalistiT! advili rom ar<br />

iyos, amdeni xalxi erTbaSad rogor gaJurnalistdebao,<br />

ifiqrebT da marTalic iqnebiT. ufro konkretulad, mar-<br />

Tali iqnebiT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu namuSakars im aTeuli<br />

aTasobiT adamianisa, vinc sakuTar Tavs Jurnalists uwodebs,<br />

maRali an Tundac saSualo xarisxis produqciad<br />

miiCnevT.<br />

16

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samwuxarod, sinamdvile erTob prozauli da unugeSoc<br />

kia.<br />

meoce saukuneSi saqarTvelo orjer aRmoCnda damoukidebeli<br />

qveynis rolSi da orivejer Tavisufleba mas<br />

moulodnelad daatyda Tavs. saqarTvelos sazogadoeba<br />

moumzadebeli aRmoCnda TavisuflebisTvis _ ekonomikuradac,<br />

politikuradac, fsiqologiuradac. sazogadoebis<br />

nawilma Tavisufleba aRiqva yvelafris keTebis (Tqmis),<br />

TviTnebobis, Tavxedobis uflebad. logika umartivesia _<br />

Tu Jurnalistika aris umoklesi gza Tavis gamoCenisken,<br />

xolo presa aris uZlieresi iaraRi Wkviani kacis xelSi,<br />

ratomac ar unda gavakeTo gazeTi (Jurnali, radio, televizia),<br />

Tavic gamoviCino da zogierTebs Wkuac vaswavlo?!<br />

gazeTis `keTeba~ ki Zalian iolia: iyidi sagamomcemlo kompiuterul<br />

sistemas, daiqiraveb ramdenime teqnikur muSaks<br />

da umuSevar filologs, gaivli registracias da, kaxeli<br />

mixosi ar iyos, midii!..<br />

asec moxda. saqarTveloSi arc maSin da arc didi xnis<br />

Semdeg ar arsebobda profesionali Jurnalistebis is raodeoba,<br />

romelic aseulobiT mediasaSualebas gawvdeboda..<br />

metic, ar arsebobda srulfasovani Jurnalisturi skola,<br />

sadac msmenelebs damoukidebel azrovnebas, naazrevis qa-<br />

Raldze sxartad da gasagebad gadatanis kulturas aswavlidnen.<br />

imitom ki ara, rom Cven es ar gvindoda _ sabWoTa<br />

saqarTveloSi ar iyo amis obieqturi piroba.<br />

1992 wels erT Cems kolegas ramdenime gazeTis gaer-<br />

Tianebis da maT bazaze erTi seriozuli gazeTis gamoSvebis<br />

idea SevTavaze. maSin jer kidev gulubryvilod<br />

mjeroda, rom saqarTveloSi nebayoflobiT gaerTianeba<br />

SesaZlebeli iyo. idea ki moewona, magram ise SemaTvaliera,<br />

rogorc `saerTaSoriso imperialisturi SeTqmulebis~<br />

monawile. marTlac, ra gaerTianebaze SeiZleboda fiqri,<br />

roca irgvliv yvelaferi iSleboda. daukvirdiT, Tundac<br />

gazeTebis dasaxelebebs: `Svidi dRe~ da `axali Svidi dRe~,<br />

`saqarTvelo~ da `axali saqarTvelo~, `epoqa~ da `axali epoqa~,<br />

`kabadoni~ da `axali kabadoni~, `meridiani~ da `axali<br />

meridiani~...<br />

yvelaferi es gankerZoebis, gandaganobis, usafuZvlo<br />

17

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ambiciurobis maniSnebelia _ ase iyo qveyanaSi da ase iyo<br />

am qveynis presaSic.<br />

Jurnalistoba umaRles kvalifikaciasTan, mravalmxriv<br />

codnasTan, gamocdilebasa da usazRvro moTminebasTan<br />

erTad, uzarmazar yoveldRiur Sromas moiTxovs. Tu kacs<br />

RmerTma Jurnalistobis niWi uboZa, amas ra sjobs, magram<br />

niWi da sizarmace yovlad SeuTavsebeli cnebebia. Tavisi<br />

specifikis gamo, Jurnalistika ver iTmens saqmis ramdenime<br />

wuTiT gadadebasac ki. igi mTel Cvens resursebs moiTxovs.<br />

sistematuri SromiT savsebiT SesaZlebelia saSualo niWis<br />

adamiani Jurnalistikis varskvlavad iqces. isic SesaZlebelia,<br />

uniWieresi kaci arcTu sistematuri usaqmurobis<br />

gamo, JurnalistikisTvis samudamod daikargos.<br />

jer kidev `TbilisSi~ muSaobis dros Cemi kolega da megobari,<br />

levan TofuriZe dainteresda Cemi muSaobis wvrilmaniT.<br />

kerZod, amtkicebda, rom vicodi raRac saidumlo,<br />

rac saredaqcio davalebis Zalian swrafad Sesrulebis<br />

saSualebas maZlevda. Sinac mestumra. sanam levani samzareuloSi<br />

Cems meuRlesTan erTad cxovrebis amaoebaze<br />

msjelobda, sagazeTo masala movamzade da levans vaCvene.<br />

Tan `saidumloc~ gavumxile: Sen jer samuSao magidasTan<br />

jdebi da fiqrs mere iwyeb, me jer vfiqrob da samuSaod<br />

mere vjdebi-meTqi.<br />

wminda fizikuri TvalsazrisiTac Jurnalistoba sakmaod<br />

mZime samuSaoa. 90-iani wlebis bolodan mSvenieri<br />

sqesis mozRvavebam qarTuli Jurnal-gazeTebis umravlesoba<br />

mdare xarisxis flirtaobaSi CaiTria. aRarafers<br />

vambob seriozulobis qurqSi gaxveul aSkara siyalbeebsa<br />

da SeuniRbav provinciul Woriknobaze. odesRac e.w. mebrZoli<br />

gazeTebi salonuri kinklaobisa da kuluaruli<br />

angariSsworebis asparezad iqca. RmerTma damifaros,<br />

yvelafers qalebs vabralebde. ubralod, imis Tqma mindoda,<br />

90-iani wlebis miwuruls odesRac `vaJkacuri~ qarTuli<br />

presa cota feministuri gaxda-meTqi. Jurnalistad<br />

muSaoba TavisTavad gulisxmobs 24-saaTian samuSao<br />

dRes, faTerakian Tavgadasavlebs, sicocxlisTvis aSkara<br />

xifaTs, ojaxur konfliqtebs, uamrav yovlad gauTvaliswinebel<br />

SemTxvevas...<br />

18

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Tbilisis zooparkSi didxans ar iyo spilo. bolos xma<br />

dairxa, kievis zooparkma Cveneburi spilos moyvarulebis<br />

interesebi gaiTvaliswinao. `Tbilisma~ patara spilos saxelis<br />

dasarqmevad konkursi gamoacxada. atyda erTi ambavi.<br />

zooparkis axali binadris Camosvlis dRec dainiSna. dekemberi<br />

iyo, cioda. saRamos rva saaTisTvis `baCo~ jer kidev<br />

ar Canda. arc aTze, arc Tormetze ar gamoCenila. mokled,<br />

redaqciis davalebidan Sin dilis xuT saaTze davbrundi<br />

_ mSieri, gayinuli da RamenaTevi.<br />

colis alersian SekiTxvas, amden xans sad jandabaSi daxetialobdio,<br />

miamitad vupasuxe, _ zooparkSi-meTqi.<br />

iqneb maCvenoT romelime coli, vinc daijerebs, rom<br />

misma qmarma dekembris susxiani Rame zooparkis binadarTa<br />

TvalierebaSi gaatara.<br />

arada, marTlac zooparkSi viyavi!<br />

`dronis~ pirveli nomeri 1991 wlis 1 ivniss gamovida da<br />

ramdenime kviraSi upopulares gamocemad iqca. imdroindel<br />

`dronSi~ moRvaweobda saqarTvelos istoriaSi, albaT,<br />

yvelaze `yoCaRi~ JurnalistebiT dakompleqtebuli<br />

gundi: arCil gogelia (redaqtori), Teimuraz qoriZe,<br />

Teimuraz metreveli, giorgi CoCiSvili, Tamar Ciqovani,<br />

soso simoniSvili, merab ratiSvili. dro Zalian mZime<br />

iyo. irgvliv moaxloebuli samoqalaqo omis mZafri suni<br />

trialebda. qveyana, faqtobrivad, rusTavelze, mTavrobis<br />

sasaxlis win ganlagebuli e. w. `karavTa qalaqidan~ imarTeboda.<br />

prezidenti Tavis gadawyvetilebebze amomrCevlebs<br />

sainformacio mitingebidan esaubreboda. ura-patriotuli<br />

lozungebiT SeiaraRebuli primitivi demagogebi yovel<br />

kuTxe-kunWulSi Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis<br />

sanacvlod xalxs balaxis Wamisken mouwodebdnen. Seurigebeli<br />

opozicia prezidentis da misi xelisuflebis gadadgomas<br />

moiTxovda. xelisufleba, Tavis mxriv, yovel dRe<br />

aTobiT axal agentsa da moRalates `amxelda~. masobrivi<br />

informaciis saSualebebi TiTqmis mTlianad monopolizebuli<br />

iyo xelisuflebis mier. daubrkoleblad mxolod<br />

`droni~ gamodioda.<br />

imis garda, rom samTavrobo gazeTebi, radio da televizia<br />

TiTqmis yoveldRiurad qarTveli xalxis mosisxle<br />

19

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mtrad, romeliRac qveynis agentad da samSoblos moRalated<br />

momixseniebda, Cems binaSi xSirad imarTeboda daaxloebiT<br />

aseTi Sinaarsis gulTbili satelefono saubari:<br />

_ qoriZis binaa?<br />

_ diax.<br />

_ Temuri Sin aris?<br />

_ ara, jer ar dabrunebula.<br />

_ hoda, arc dabrundeba _ ukve CamovaxrCeT kojris<br />

tyeSi.<br />

aseTi da kidev ufro `tkbili~ musaifis Semdeg, nu gagikvirdebaT,<br />

Jurnalistis ojaxis wevrebma Jurnalistikisadmi<br />

yovelgvari interesi rom dakargon.<br />

Cemi Zveli da keTili megobari, teleJurnalisti guram<br />

goreliSvili pirvelidan bolo dRemde afxazeTis<br />

omSi imyofeboda da TiTqmis yoveldRiurad reportaJebs<br />

gadmoscemda sabrZolo moqmedebebis adgilebidan. ojaxis<br />

wevrebi da Cven, guramis megobrebi, gulis fancqaliT<br />

velodiT mis teleekranze gamoCenas. Zalian didi iyo<br />

sicocxlis riski _ tyvia xom aravis indobs. 1993 wlis<br />

agvisto-seqtemberSi, guramis `araoficialuri miwveviT~<br />

soxumSi mec gaxldiT da imdroindel ambebze nawilobrivi<br />

warmodgena rom SegeqmnaT, erTi mogonebis fragmentebs<br />

SemogTavazebT:<br />

Toliebze nadiroba<br />

...afxazeTSi iseTi ram moxda, mters rom ar vusurvebdiT<br />

_ erTmaneTis pirispir aRmoCndnen guSindeli megobrebi,<br />

mezoblebi, naTesavebi. am dros Znelia garkveva, vin aris<br />

mteri da vin _ moyvare. tragedias isic amZimebs, rom orive<br />

mxare Tavisive xeliT naSenebs angrevs. dangreulis xelaxla<br />

aSeneba ki odesme orives erTad mouwevs. moyvrebis mosisxleebad<br />

gadaqceva erT dReSic SeiZleba, mosisxleebis<br />

Serigebas ki didi dro da uzarmazari moTmineba sWirdeba.<br />

qarTvels da afxazs sxva samSoblo ar gaaCnia. STamomavlobis,<br />

samSoblos winaSe orive valdebulia sakuTar Tavs<br />

moerios, rogorme boRma da siZulvili daiTminos, rom<br />

mtrobiT dangreulis siyvaruliT Seneba SeZlos...<br />

20

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soxumis erT-erT quCaze mowyobil improvizebul bazrobaze<br />

uTuod SeamCnevT frTamotexil da dakoWlebul<br />

mtreds. igi am ZmaTamkvleli omis simboloa.<br />

...soxumis aeroportis administraciuli Senobis gverdiT<br />

gdia TavRia kubo. isic am ZmaTamkvleli omis simboloa...<br />

_ hox, gamarjoba, guram, jima. sad xar, kaco, Txis<br />

mwvadebze rom gepatiJebodi, ratom ar wamoxvedi!<br />

_ gmadlob, Cemo batono. ager, damTavrdeba omi da mere<br />

viqeifoT.<br />

_ ki, viqeifoT, batono, mara, Txis mwvadi aRar iqneba<br />

maSvin.<br />

_ rao, ra mouvida Tqvens Txas?<br />

_ ra mouvida, Cemo guram batono da, afxazebi rom<br />

Semovidnen SromaSi*, gadevida Cemi Txa arZinbas mxares!..<br />

guram goreliSvils, saqarTvelos televiziis korespondents,<br />

soxumSi yvela icnobs. isic yvelas icnobs _<br />

rigiT mebrZolebs, meTaurebs, respublikis xelmZRvanelebs,<br />

soxumel moqalaqeebs, glexebs... icnoben ki ara, gurami,<br />

ubralod, uyvarT _ misi simamacis, obieqturobis,<br />

saqmis siyvarulisa da erTgulebis gamo.<br />

meTerTmete Tvea, afxazeTSia. omis yvela detali da niuansi<br />

icis. icis, vis ra uWirs da vin riT cxovrobs.<br />

soxumSi, sazogadod, afxazeTSi, frontis orive mxares<br />

bevri Jurnalisti muSaobs. isini mamaci adamianebi, profesionalebi<br />

arian. maT ar uWiravT xelSi iaraRi. maTi iara-<br />

Ri sakuTari Tvali, yuri, goneba da sindisia. CvenSi aseTi<br />

tradiciaa _ Jurnalistebze aravin wers, films aravin<br />

iRebs. Jurnalists aravin ajildoebs. xolo Tu vinmes Jurnalistis<br />

lanZRva-gakicxva mounda, icocxleT, qveynis<br />

amSenebeli rom iyos, misTvis erT tkbil sityvasac aravin<br />

gaimetebs.<br />

guram goreliSvili afxazeTSi didsa da pataras misi<br />

obieqturobisa da kaikacobisTvis uyvars.<br />

guramma icis, rom am obieqturobisa da kaikacobisTvis<br />

odesme iqneb dasajon kidec. ambobs, Cemi Svilebis da Cemi<br />

Tavis winaSe xom mainc marTali viqnebio.<br />

guram goreliSvili ar aris gmiri. igi patiosani kacia<br />

21

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da patiosnad ixdis vals samSoblos winaSe: igi am sazareli<br />

omis istorias qmnis.<br />

afxazeTSi bevri Jurnalisti muSaobs. gansakuTrebiT<br />

aRsaniSnavia Tavganwirva adgilobrivi gazeTebis da televiziis<br />

TanamSromlebisa, romlebsac erTi wuTiTac ar SeuwyvetiaT<br />

muSaoba. maTze, albaT, odesme calke unda iTqvas<br />

da daiweros. axla mxolod erT maTganze, guram goreliSvilze<br />

giTxariT oriod sityva.<br />

nuravis gewyinebaT _ gurami Cemi Zveli, Zveli megobaria.<br />

me vamayob am megobrobiT~ (`dronis~ informacia).<br />

aqve barem imasac getyviT, rom mogvianebiT, saqarTvelos<br />

istoriaSi erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli Jurnalisti,<br />

guram goreliSvili saqarTvelos saxelmwifo<br />

televiziis mSobliuri pirveli arxidan ise ubodiSod<br />

daiTxoves, mizezic ar uTqvamT.<br />

da mainc, nu SegeSindebaT, Jurnalistoba ar aris<br />

rTuli _ mTavaria, ipovoT saWiro sityvebi saWiro azris<br />

gadmosacemad.<br />

oficialuri cnoba:<br />

gaeros adamianis uflebaTa dacvis komisiis cnobiT,<br />

1980-1999 wlebSi msoflios sxvadasxva cxel wertilSi<br />

daiRupa 2335 Jurnalisti. ugzo-ukvlod daikarga _ 201.<br />

monacemebi ar aris dazustebuli.<br />

axla, Tu jer kidev ar gadagifiqrebiaT Jurnalistobaze<br />

ocneba, gavagrZeloT saubari.<br />

mwerlebi da Jurnalistebi<br />

didi xnis winaT cnobilma qarTvelma mweralma konstantine<br />

gamsaxurdiam* brZana, Jurnalizmma waryvna mwerlobao.<br />

mweral gamsaxurdias droindeli qarTuli Jurnalistika,<br />

anu qarTuli sabWoTa Jurnalistika, ver vityvi, garyvnili-meTqi,<br />

magram ukiduresad tendenciuri rom iyo, amas wyali<br />

ar gauva. igi, rogorc yvelaferi danarCeni sabWoeTSi,<br />

komunizmis diad da absurdul mizans emsaxureboda. ufro<br />

zustad, emsaxureboda komunisturi partiis diqtatis<br />

SenarCunebas, iseve, rogorc uSiSroebis komiteti, Sinagan<br />

22

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saqmeTa saministro, armia, prokuratura, sasamarTlo, raikomi,<br />

aRmaskomi, komkavSiri da... mwerlobac.<br />

oRond, Tu mwerlebi sakuTari sicocxlis riskis fasad<br />

mainc axerxebdnen antisabWoTa nawarmoebebis Seqmnas, Jurnalistebisgan<br />

amis gakeTeba ganuzomlad rTuli iyo _<br />

mrisxane cenzura gazeTidan dauyovnebliv aqrobda yovel<br />

saeWvo sityvas.<br />

ra Tqma unda, im drosac iyvnen niWieri Jurnalistebi,<br />

magaliTad, Cveni Tanamemamule rusi Jurnalisti melor<br />

sturua, magram maTi niWiereba, ZiriTadad, imaze ixarjeboda,<br />

rom `bednieri~ sabWoTa xalxisTvis rogorme `dampali~<br />

imperialisturi sistema SeeZulebina da msoflios<br />

Cagruli xalxebi Seeyvarebina.<br />

roca batoni konstantine Jurnalizmis mier mwerlobis<br />

waryvnaze (waxdenaze) saubrobda, upirveles yovlisa,<br />

im periodis presaSi gabatonebul sagazeTo enas da stils<br />

gulisxmobda. gadaSaleT sabWoTa periodis nebismieri<br />

gazeTi da mwerlis simarTleSi umal darwmundebiT:<br />

`lagodexeli meTambaqoebi udidesi SromiTi aRmavlobiT<br />

Sexvdnen skkp XXIV yrilobaze skkp centraluri<br />

komitetis generaluri mdivnis, skkp politbiuros wevris,<br />

amxanag leonid ilias Ze breJnevis* gamosvlas. amxanag l.<br />

i. breJnevis Rrma Sinaarsianma sityvam, sadac mocemulia<br />

Tanamedroveobis sruli da amomwuravi analizi, lagodexeli<br />

mSromelebi kidev erTxel da samudamod daarwmuna<br />

komunizmis diadi ideis uryevobasa da WeSmaritebaSi. amxanag<br />

l. i. breJnevis mgznebare sityviT aRfrTovanebuli<br />

lagodexelebi pirobas deben, rom momaval xuTwlian gegmas<br />

sam weliwadSi Seasruleben. sakolmeurneo mindvrebSi,<br />

brigadebSi, rgolebSi, fermebSi, partiul da komkavSirul<br />

ujredebSi imarTeba saxeldaxelo mitingebi. axali ZaliT<br />

mCqefarebs socialisturi Sejibreba. lagodexeli meTambaqoebi<br />

axal-axal SromiT nobaTebs uZRvnian Tanamedroveobis<br />

udides politikur forums, skkp XXIV yrilobas da<br />

am did forumze msoflio proletariatis udidesi beladis,<br />

amx. leonid ilias Zis gamosvlas...~<br />

SeiZleba, SevcvaloT TariRebi, gvarebi da movlenebi,<br />

magram sabWoTa epoqis sagazeTo publikaciebis paTosi<br />

23

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amiT namdvilad ar Seicvleba. didi-didi, SeiZleba daaxloebiT<br />

aseTi saxe miiRos:<br />

`samtrediis abreSumis ZafsaRebi fabrikis muSa-mosamsaxureebi<br />

guSin saswrafod Seikribnen adgilobrivi partiuli<br />

komitetis iniciativiT. partkomis mdivanma, amxanagma<br />

p. sturuam damswreT gaacno skkp centraluri komitetis<br />

dadgenileba antisabWoTa elementebis, sabWoTa xalxis<br />

pirsisxliani mtrebis rikovis*, zinovievis*, kamenevis* da<br />

sxva menSevik-trockistTa dapatimrebis Sesaxeb.<br />

sityvaSi gamosulma amxanagebma erTxmad dagmes proletariatis<br />

dauZinebeli mtrebis antisabWoTa Zirgamom-<br />

Txreli saqmianoba da maTTvis sasjelis umaRlesi zoma,<br />

daxvreta moiTxoves. krebis monawileebi mquxare taSiT<br />

Sexvdnen oratorTa iniciativas da mSromelebs kidev<br />

ufro meti sifxizlisaken mouwodes, vinaidan Cvens Soris<br />

SesaZloa kidev boginobdnen Cveni klasobrivi mtrebi.<br />

krebis monawileebma mxurvaled dauWires mxari skkp<br />

centraluri komitetis dadgenilebas da aRuTqves did<br />

stalins, politbiuros, partiis centralur komitets,<br />

didi stalinis Rirseul TanamebrZols, amx. lavrenti berias*,<br />

rom...~<br />

ena marTlac saoqmo-kazionuria, stili sabWoTaa, Sinaarsi<br />

SemaZrwunebelia. swored es SemaZrwunebeli Sinaarsi<br />

gansazRvravda im epoqis Jurnalistikis stilsa da enas.<br />

es iyo mauzeris ena da stili da amaSi konkretulad vinmes<br />

dadanaSauleba, ubralod, uazrobaa.<br />

Jurnalizmma ki ar garyvna mwerloba, mmarTvelobis<br />

sabWoTa partiulma sistemam garyvna Jurnalizmic, mwerlobac,<br />

xelovnebac, zneobac da ase SevegebeT Tavisufal<br />

saqarTvelos.<br />

konstantine gamsaxurdiam, albaT, mSvenivrad icoda<br />

yvelaferi es, magram saTqmeli bolomde rom eTqva, masac<br />

ubodiSod im gzas gauyenebdnen, romelsac manamde mixeil<br />

javaxiSvili, tician tabiZe da mravali sxva gauyenes.<br />

mwerlebs, JurnalistebTan SedarebiT, uzarmazari<br />

upiratesoba aqvT _ ganusazRvreli dro da SeuzRudavi<br />

Tematika. JurnalistikaSi saqme sxvagvaradaa _ redaqciis<br />

yvela TanamSromeli da, maT Soris, misi udidebulesoba<br />

24

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igiTi Jurnalisti _ SezRudulia droSic, sivrceSic da<br />

TematikiTac. rogorc wesi, Jurnalisti asrulebs davalebas<br />

mkacrad gansazRvrul Temaze, mkacrad gansazRvrul<br />

droSi da mkacrad gansazRvruli moculobiT. mokled,<br />

ase: xuTSabaTs, or saaTze, 80 striqoni, interviu akaki asa-<br />

TianTan misi politikuri mrwamsis Sesaxeb.<br />

biWi xar da, nu Seasruleb!<br />

imis miuxedavad, rom saqarTveloSi katastrofuli<br />

raodenobis (Tumca, Jurnalistebze naklebi) gamoCenili<br />

mwerali gvyavs, maT Soris ar meguleba oriodec ki, vinc<br />

Jurnalistobas moindomebda. samwuxarod, iseTebic TiTebze<br />

CamosaTvlelia, vinc Jurnalistobas SeZlebda. mwerlobasa<br />

da Jurnalistobas Soris daaxloebiT iseTive msgavsebaa,<br />

rogoric Tbilisis `guberskis~ cixesa da operis<br />

Teatrs Soris _ orive aguriTaa naSeni.<br />

mwerlebsa da Jurnalistebs Soris aris kidev erTi<br />

`pawawina~ gansxvaveba: popularuli Jurnalisti rom gaxde,<br />

amisTvis iqneb ramdenime Tvec sakmarisi iyos; mwerlis<br />

aRiarebas ki aucileblad sWirdeba momavali Taobebis<br />

dasturi.<br />

ratom kiTxuloben gazeTs?<br />

staJiani mkiTxvelebi am SekiTxvas arc sxvas da arc sakuTar<br />

Tavs arasodes ar usvamen. xom ar mogewonebaT, vinmem<br />

rom gkiTxoT _ ratom WamT? ratom ocnebobT? ratom<br />

iZinebT?..<br />

odesRac, radiosa da televiziis gamogonebamde, gazeTi<br />

masobrivi informaciis erTaderTi saSualeba iyo. internetis<br />

epoqaSi sainformacio sivrceSi usastikesi konkurencia<br />

gaCaRda da gazeTis gamomcemlebsac saqme ganuzomlad<br />

gaurTulda _ gazeTma dakarga mkiTxvelisTvis informaciis<br />

operatiulad mimwodeblis funqcia. Bbunebrivia, dReSi<br />

samjerac rom gamovides, igi radios, televizias da internets<br />

mainc ver gaejibreba. Mmagram mas, masobrivi informaciis<br />

sxva saSualebebTan SedarebiT, darCa erTi umniSvnelovanesi<br />

upiratesoba _ faqtebisa da movlenebis komentaris da<br />

25

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analizis SesaZlebloba. swored es gaxlavT is saidumlo,<br />

rac gazeTs (miT ufro _ Jurnals) mrisxane metoqeebTan<br />

daundobel brZolaSi upiratesobas aniWebs.<br />

gazeTs kiTxuloben imitom, rom ukeT da swrafad<br />

gaerkvnen urTules politikur, ekonomikur, socialur,<br />

samarTlebriv... problemebSi. Aarc operatiuloba, universalizmi<br />

(iqneb, am gansazRvrebas `mravalferovneba~<br />

sjobdes!), gamocemebs Soris arsebuli mokle intervali<br />

da mkiTxvelisTvis masalebis miwodebis saSualeba (komunikacia)<br />

_ ena unda daviviwyoT. ra Tqma unda, mniSvnelovania,<br />

ras vambobT, magram kidev ufro mniSvnelovania, rogor<br />

vambobT. mSobliur saliteraturo enaze ubralod da<br />

gasagebad dawerili informacia adamianis cnobierebaSi<br />

gacilebiT Rrma kvals tovebs, vidre Tundac genialuri<br />

pirovnebis saubris unaklo sinqronuli teleTargmani.<br />

xolo Tu teleekranidan ramdenime geniosi erTdroulad<br />

gvelaparakeba, Tanac, Tu maTi genialuri azrebi erTmaneTs<br />

ar eTanxmeba, msmenelis cnobierebaze zemoqmedebis<br />

albaToba minimumamde mcirdeba.<br />

mkiTxveli gazeTs misTvis mosaxerxebel dros miubrundeba.<br />

Tu amis saWiroeba arsebobs, striqonebs Soris<br />

Camaluli azris aRmoCenasac Seecdeba, misTvis saintereso<br />

mosazrebebsac moiniSnavs da avtorisTvis Tu pasuxis gacema<br />

gadawyvita, dokumenturi masalac xelT eqneba.<br />

Tanamedrove pirobebSi (XXI saukunis dasawyiss vgulixmob)<br />

gazeTs ramdenime mizezis gamo kiTxuloben:<br />

a) codnisadmi gacnobierebuli an qvecnobieri ltolva;<br />

b) momxmarebluri (merkanteluri) midgoma, anu<br />

gazeTebidan imis Setyobis survili, rac mas (mkiTxvels),<br />

SesaZloa, Tavis profesiul saqmianobaSi gamoadges<br />

(reklama, astrologiuri prognozi, amindi, mdgomareoba<br />

safinanso birJaze, sakanonmdeblo organoebis gadawyvetilebebi,<br />

mosalodneli cvlilebebi sagadasaxado<br />

kodeqsSi...);<br />

g) wakiTxul masalebze dayrdnobiT, mkiTxvelebTan,<br />

redaqciasTan, JurnalistTan, kompaniasTan... urTier-<br />

Tobis damyarebis SesaZlebloba;<br />

26

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d) Tavisufali drois racionalurad gatarebis Sesa-<br />

Zlebloba.<br />

es mosazrebebi, ZiriTadad, yubanis universitetis profesor<br />

CeredniCenkos davesesxe, romelmac, Tavis mxriv,<br />

daskvnebi rusi, evropeli da amerikeli specialistebis<br />

azris gaTvaliswinebiT gamoitana. Tavs ver davdeb, rom<br />

isini zustad miesadageba saqarTveloSi an sxva postkomunistur<br />

qveyanaSi Seqmnil viTarebas. albaT, arsebobs kidev<br />

bevri mizezi, ris gamoc adamianebi mdare xarisxis teleserialebisgan<br />

gamoTayvanebas, Jurnal-gazeTebis gulisyuriT<br />

kiTxvas amjobineben.<br />

am striqonebs im dros vwer, roca saqarTveloSi da<br />

msoflios TiTqmis yvela saqarTvelosnair (ekonomikurad<br />

dacemul da politikurad dezorientirebul) qveyanaSi<br />

ufro aqtualuria kiTxvebi _ ratom ar kiTxuloben<br />

gazeTebs? an ratom unda kiTxulobdnen gazeTebs? (merwmuneT,<br />

es kiTxvebi mTel msoflioSi mravali wlis Semdegac<br />

aqtualuri iqneba).<br />

meore kiTxva SedarebiT iolia da zemoT mas nawilobriv<br />

vupasuxeT kidec _ Tu TqvenTvis sulerTi ar aris<br />

kacobriobis bedi, Tu adamianTa sazogadoebaSi adgilis<br />

damkvidreba gsurT, gazeTebic unda ikiTxoT. Tumca, es<br />

kiTxva-pasuxi gankuTvnilia mkiTxvelebisTvis. JurnalistebisTvis<br />

ufro aqtualuria sxva kiTxva _ rogori unda<br />

iyos gazeTi, rom igi waikiTxon?<br />

Cveni valia, iseTi gazeTi (Jurnali) gamovuSvaT,<br />

romelsac adamianebi waikiTxaven, iq saTavisos mudam ipovnian,<br />

mieCvevian da daimegobreben kidec.<br />

marTlac urTulesi amocanaa.<br />

ra Tqma unda, imis imedi ar maqvs, rom am wignis wakiTxvis<br />

Semdeg, mcirericxovan saqarTveloSi moRvawe uricxvi<br />

ambiciuri redaqtori kalams gadadebs da aleqsandre<br />

yazbegiviT, mecxvareobas daiwyebs. Tu vinme zogierT<br />

rCevas gaiTvaliswinebs da sakuTari gazeTis warumateblobas<br />

mTlianad prezident SevardnaZes, jorj soross*<br />

an ararsebul saerTaSoriso masonur organizacias ar<br />

gadaabralebs, esec kargi iqneba.<br />

1992 wlis bolos Tu 93-is dasawyisSi prezident Se-<br />

27

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vardnaZis yofilma kompartielma TanamebrZolma, ukve<br />

gardaqmnil-gardasaxulma, albaT, prezidentisve davalebiT,<br />

qveynis masStabiT yoveldRiuri, damoukidebeli<br />

sazogadoebriv-politikuri gazeTis gamoSveba gadawyvita.<br />

Catarda raRac Sinauruli konkursic. masSi ori SemoqmedebiTi<br />

jgufi vmonawileobdiT. Jiurisa da uzenaesi<br />

msajulis roli TviTon im partiulma bosma ikisra.<br />

daTqmul dros warvadgineT Cveni koncefcia gazeTis<br />

sanimuSo nomerTan erTad. axla, am ambidan mravali wlis<br />

Semdeg vici, rom Cvens koncefcias bevri nakli hqonda, magram<br />

es iyo mainc cenzurisgan Tavisufali, damoukidebeli<br />

gazeTis Seqmnis mcdeloba. bosi (sxvaTa Soris, arcTu<br />

uniWo adamiani) yuradRebiT gaecno Cvens mosazrebebs da<br />

Tavisic gagvacno. misi Rrma rwmeniT, gazeTi unda yofiliyo<br />

Tavisufali da damoukidebeli, oRond unda darqmeoda<br />

`moqalaqe~ (imdroindeli mmarTveli partiis, `moqalaqeTa<br />

kavSiris~ analogiiT), redaqcia unda dakompleqtebuliyo<br />

amave partiis TanamgrZnobi JurnalistebiT, gazeTSi unda<br />

gatarebuliyo partiis `generaluri xazi~, gamosaqveynebeli<br />

masalebi unda SeTanxmebuliyo partiis Sesabamis instanciebTan<br />

da, rac mTavaria, gazeTis umTavresi mizani<br />

da daniSnuleba `axleburi azrovnebis~, `demokratizmis<br />

principebis~, maSin uRmerTod eqspluatirebuli `pluralizmis~<br />

damkvidreba, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis CamoyalibebisTvis<br />

xelSewyoba unda yofiliyo! gazeTis gamocemas<br />

prezidentis fondi daafinansebda.<br />

vcade misTvis amexsna, rom partiuli gazeTi ver iqneboda<br />

verc Tavisufali da verc damoukidebeli; verasodes<br />

ver moaxerxebda sazogadoebis interesebis gamoxatvas,<br />

ver moixveWda popularobas da ganwiruli iqneboda warumateblobisTvis.<br />

imis axsnac vcade, rom fulis da drois<br />

uqmad xarjva ar Rirda.<br />

moviSvelie kidev bevri argumenti; visaubreT, zogadad,<br />

Tavisuflebasa da damoukideblobaze; forToxlis wvenic<br />

blomad davlieT. bosi Seuvali iyo _ erT-erTi didi qarxnis<br />

partiuli komitetis mdivnobisas, mravaltiraJian<br />

gazeTs vuSvebdi da presis avan-Cavani Tqvenze nakleb ar<br />

momexsenebao.<br />

28

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unebrivia, ver SevTanxmdiT, magram male erTi saxeliani<br />

Jurnalistis redaqtorobiT `moqalaqe~ mainc<br />

gamovida. man sul weliwadnaxevars icocxla da usaxelod<br />

gardaicvala. misi bedi Semdeg bevrma aranakleb ambiciurma<br />

gamocemamac gaiziara. maT Soris aRmoCnda miliardel<br />

badri patarkaciSvilis media-holdingi `mTavari gazeTi~.<br />

es savsebiT logikuri iyo, radgan, rogorc zemoTac vTqvi,<br />

mkiTxvels ainteresebs problemebis originalurad gadawyvetis<br />

mcdeloba, gansjis procesSi uSualo monawileoba<br />

da ar ainteresebs romelime partiuli bosis kabinetSi<br />

SeTxzuli ualternativo receptebi.<br />

`mTavaris~ gakotrebis mTavari mizezebi gaxldaT misi<br />

sruli dezorientacia, xelisuflebisTvis `koWis gorebis~<br />

dauZleveli survili; redaqciis `samzareuloSi~<br />

`zemodan~ sistematuri da uxeSi Carevebi; SemoqmedebiTi<br />

kadrebis `sandoobis~, `erTgulebis~ da politikuri principebis,<br />

anu sruli uprincipobis mixedviT SerCeva. Sedegad,<br />

media-holdingis xelmZRvanelobaSi aRmoCndnen simpaTiuri,<br />

ganaTlebuli da seriozuli presisTvis yovlad<br />

Seuferebeli adamianebi, mokled _ profanebi.<br />

iyo, ra Tqma unda, sxva mizezebic: araswori menejmenti,<br />

Sefasebis kriteriumebis ararseboba, sistematuri<br />

rubrikaciis ugulebelyofa, davalebaTa Sesrulebis<br />

dabali done da, rogorc deil karnegi* ityoda, sxva<br />

`didi wvrilmani~. magram misi tragediis mTavari mizezi<br />

mainc misive sworxazovani partiuloba iyo. gTxovT,<br />

mendoT _ likvidaciamde cota xniT adre, mflobelTa<br />

davalebiT, holdingis warumateblobis mizezebi sakmaod<br />

safuZvlianad Seviswavle. am gamocemaze ase dawvrilebiT<br />

imitom giambeT, rom igi, imJamindeli qarTuli<br />

sinamdvilis gaTvaliswinebiT, sakmaod kargad iyo dafinansebuli.<br />

sanam gazeTs an Jurnals gamoscemdeT, kargad unda<br />

moifiqroT, vin iqneba Tqveni ZiriTadi mkiTxveli _<br />

fe r meri, pedagogi, aristokrati, biznesmeni, azartuli<br />

TamaSebis trfiali, Tineijeri, civsisxliani berikaci,<br />

inteleqtuali usaqmuri, Tu yvela erTad. isic<br />

unda icodeT, sad gavrceldeba Tqveni gazeTi _ mTel<br />

29

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planeta ze, mTel qveyanaSi, regionSi, kolejSi, Tu qarxnis<br />

saqmian ezoSi.<br />

sasurvelia, gazeTs sakuTari saxe hqondes. es ar niSnavs<br />

raRacis gamogonebas. saubaria dizainze, formatze,<br />

rubrikebze... mokled, vizualur mxareze. ra Tqma unda,<br />

forma unda Seesabamebodes Sinaarss. sabavSvo gamocemebisTvis<br />

damaxasiaTebeli `siWrele~ sasacilo da damRupvelia<br />

seriozuli presisTvis. iseve, rogorc SeuZlebelia<br />

yviTeli presisTvis damaxasiaTebeli dizainis sazogadoebriv-politikuri<br />

gazeTisTvis misadageba.<br />

gazeTis iersaxis xSiri da radikaluri cvla Zalian saxifaToa<br />

_ mkiTxvels dakargav an, Tu ar gyavs, ver SeiZen.<br />

amis mizezi ubraloa _ mkiTxveli eCveva gazeTs. amitom<br />

cvlilebebi auCqareblad unda ganxorcieldes. albaT,<br />

isic unda iTqvas, rom Telavel mkiTxvels iaponiis sanapiroebTan<br />

qariSxal `ivanis~ mier datrialebul tragediaze<br />

metad kurdRelaurSi mosuli setyvis Sedegebi an eqim<br />

levan jamruliZis ojaxuri ambebi ainteresebs. rogorc<br />

giTxariT, Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs menejments, redaqtorebis,<br />

Jurnalistebis, redaqciis muSaobis stils,<br />

profesionalizms, teqnikur SesaZleblobebs da a. S.<br />

Tumca, mTavari mainc fulia. miT ufro, Tu cxovrob im<br />

qveyanaSi, sadac mkiTxvelTa udidesi umravlesoba umZimesi<br />

arCevanis winaSe dgas _ an gazeTi, an puri.<br />

gazeTis damoukideblobas, ZiriTadad, misi finansuri<br />

damoukidebloba gansazRvravs da ara Semsruleblebis<br />

niWi, mondomeba da ambicia. Cemi, Jurnalistis, Tavisufleba<br />

da damoukidebloba, kanoniT CemTvis moniWebuli uflebebi,<br />

samwuxarod, gazeTze ar vrceldeba.<br />

Tavis motyuebas veravin dagiSliT, magram imis imedi nu<br />

geqnebaT, rom deklarirebuli TavisuflebiT mkiTxvels<br />

moatyuebT. Tanac, politikuri ambiciebis armqone fuliani<br />

mecenatis moZebnac Zalian Znelia...<br />

Tumca, arc xelis Caqneva Rirs _ ocdameerTe saukunis<br />

miwurulisTvis yvelaferi kargad iqneba.<br />

30

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Tavi II<br />

yovlismcodne Jurnalistebi...<br />

rogor movamzadoT sagazeTo masala<br />

amaze ukve visaubreT: Jurnalistis profesia axalgazrdobas<br />

sakuTari cxovrebiseuli gamoucdelobisa da profesiis<br />

moCvenebiTi romantikulobis gamo moswons _ me,<br />

Jurnalisti qariviT Tavisufali var: vakeTeb, rasac minda,<br />

mivdivar, sadac minda, Sevxvdebi, visac minda...<br />

marTlac momxiblavi perspeqtivaa, Tu davumatebT, rom<br />

Tqven ukve gicnoben popularuli politikosebi, samxedro<br />

pirebi, sportsmenebi, holivudis varskvlavebi da kriminaluri<br />

samyaros warmomadgenlebic ki.<br />

iqneb odesme marTlac ase moxdes, magram sinamdvile romantikisTvis<br />

adgils ar tovebs. warmoidgineT, aseTi tipiuri<br />

viTareba: dilis saredaqcio TaTbirze Jurnalistebs<br />

davalebebs aZleven _ TbilisSi msoflio saxelis primabalerina<br />

nino ananiaSvili Camosula; saxelganTqmul nino<br />

ramiSvils oTxmoci weli Sesrulebia; filarmoniaSi legendaruli<br />

rastropoviCi* daukravs; Tbilisis `dinamo~<br />

inglisur `vest hems~ eTamaSeba; Sinagan saqmeTa ministri<br />

Tanamdebobidan gadamdgara; disidenti merab kostava<br />

cixidan gamouSviaT; avWalis koloniaSi patimrebis amboxi<br />

dawyebula...<br />

marTlac mdidari arCevanis gaqvT, magram davalebebs<br />

xom redaqtori iZleva! hoda, es `diqtatori~ redaqtori<br />

gavalebT moamzadoT sagazeTo masala Sromis saministros<br />

erT-erT CinovnikTan. SegiZliaT uari TqvaT am arcTu<br />

prestiJuli davalebis Sesrulebaze, magram gaiTvaliswineT,<br />

rom aseT SemTxvevaSi, redaqtorsac SeuZlia uari Tqvas<br />

TqvenTan TanamSromlobaze. ufro gasagebad _ savsebiT<br />

SesaZlebelia, umuSevari darCeT. Tqvenc beds urigdebiT.<br />

metic, cdilobT am davalebidan rac SeiZleba meti<br />

`gamowuroT~.<br />

31

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iwyebT informaciis Segrovebas baton vaxtangze _ pirobiTad<br />

ase davarqvaT Cinovniks. kolega-Jurnalisti<br />

gkarnaxobT, rom am saministros sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis<br />

ganyofilebaSi muSaobs misi Tanakurseli qalbatoni,<br />

romelsac SeuZlia informacia mogawodoT am<br />

pirovnebaze. xvdebiT qalbaton lizas da arkvevT, rom batoni<br />

vaxtangi am Tanamdebobaze Turme, sul ori weliwadia<br />

muSaobs. manamde jer mZRoli yofila, mere garaJis gamge.<br />

imave qalbaton lizasTan arkvevT, rom Tqveni momavali<br />

respondentis Taobaze saintereso informacia SeiZleba<br />

mogawodoT saministros garaJis yofilma gamgem, romelic<br />

amJamad siRnaRSi cxovrobs.<br />

miemgzavrebiT siRnaRSi. xvdebiT baton nikos, romelsac<br />

iqaurebi `wiwkanas~ saxeliT icnoben. mas jer ar unda<br />

warsulis gaxseneba, magram, mere, mwvadze da Wiqa Rvinoze<br />

friad saintereso ambebs hyveba. ho, kinaRam damaviwyda:<br />

ecadeT, ar gamoiyenoT diqtofoni, miT ufro _<br />

videoteqnika, informacia ar CaiweroT. Tqvens xelSi<br />

danaxuli raime teqnika, TviT avtokalamic ki, mosaubres<br />

Tqvens mimarT erTgvari SiSiT da undoblobiT<br />

ganawyobs. mas, arc meti, arc naklebi, policiis an sasamarTlos<br />

asociaciebi uCndeba. iwyebs sityvebisa da<br />

movlenebis SerCevas. mokled, fsiqologiuri diskomforti<br />

eqmneba. maS, yvelafers rogor daimaxsovrebT?<br />

_ Zalian kargad! _ mTavaria, saubris dros SeZloT<br />

yuradRebis koncentracia. gaxsovdeT, rom Tqven aq<br />

CamoxvediT samuSaod da ara drois satareblad. saubris<br />

Semdeg, ecadeT, gaixsenoT yvelaferi, rasac, Sesa-<br />

Zloa, saqmesTan raime kavSiri hqondes. isic gaxsovdeT,<br />

vidre masala ar mogimzadebiaT, ar arsebobs araviTari<br />

meorexarisxovani informacia _ yvelaferi pirvelxarisxovania.<br />

mokled, Zia wiwkana, odesRac garaJis gamge, axla ki fermeri-mevenaxe<br />

giambobT, rom batoni vaxtangi, metsaxelad<br />

`maRazia~, misi gare biZaSvili da Tanasoflelia. vidre<br />

dedaqalaqSi Cavidoda, Rvinis qarxanaSi Sofrad muSaobda.<br />

32

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dabadebulia 1945 wels. hyavs coli da sami Svili. ganaTlebulia.<br />

kargi oratori da saintereso mosaubrea. xSirad<br />

cruobs, oRond, SeniRbulad. roca aqaur ufrosobasTan<br />

saqme gafuWebia, dasaxmareblad wiwkanasTan misula. masac<br />

saministros garaJSi mouwyvia. sul male ministrs moxvedria<br />

TvalSi da mis pirad Sofrad gadasula. mere imdeni<br />

uqnia, Tavisi keTilismyofeli wiwkana garaJis gamgeobidan<br />

mouxsnevinebia da misi adgili daukavebia. mere sameurneo<br />

ganyofilebis ufrosad da, sabolood, ministris moadgiled<br />

dauwinaurebiaT.<br />

Zia wiwkanas TqmiT, vaxtangi-maRazia niWieri, Tumca<br />

daundobeli da orpiri kacia. saqme, romelic abaria, ar<br />

icis, magram amas SesaniSnavad faravs moCvenebiTi seriozulobiTa<br />

da simkacriT. tipiuri karieristia. icis ufrosobasTan<br />

Tavis daWera. Tu dasWirda, arc qrTamis aRebasa<br />

da gacemaze ambobs uars. kargad mReris. male Tvreba<br />

da sakuTar moqmedebaze yovelgvar kontrols kargavs.<br />

amis gamo xSirad Zalian uxerxul mdgomareobaSi vardeba.<br />

TanamSromlebs ar uyvarT da zurgs ukan dascinian kidec.<br />

ras ityviT, sakmaod msuye informaciaa, ara? axla igi<br />

unda SeamowmoT da gaamdidroT. amitom kvlav saministro-<br />

Si midixarT. oRond, Zalian frTxilad moqmedebT. iqaurma<br />

TanamSromlebma unda icodnen, rom Tqven iq ukeTilSobilesi<br />

mizniT mixvediT.<br />

gaxsovdeT, rom ganawyenebuli TanamSromlebi ufro sebis<br />

mimarT maincdamainc didi obieqturobiT ar gamoirCevian.<br />

amitom unda imoqmedoT e.w. `ormagi dazRvevis~ principiT<br />

_ SeagrovoT cnobebi momxreebisganac da mowinaaRmdegeebisganac.<br />

gansakuTrebiT, Tu saqme exeba raime<br />

kriminalur istorias. Tu orive mxaris mosazrebebi gaqvT,<br />

maTi Sejereba da daskvnis gamotana Tqvens gonebamaxvilobaze,<br />

gamocdilebaze da, rac mTavaria, Tqvens sindiszea<br />

damokidebuli. SesaZloa, Cvens pirobiT gmirze, baton vaxtangze<br />

Segrovebuli informacia TavisTavad saintereso<br />

iyos, magram vidre masalas amzadebT, igi iqneb pensiaze gavides,<br />

an raime ubedureba daatydes Tavs. aseT SemTxvevaSi,<br />

33

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Tqveni naSromi wyalSi gadayrilad CaTvaleT _ profesiuli<br />

interesis garda amqveynad arsebobs kidev zneoba.<br />

Cvens SemTxvevaSi yvelaferi wesis da rigis mixedviT<br />

midis. ukve xelTa gaqvT sakmaod seriozuli informacia<br />

Tqveni momavali respondentis bavSvobis, swavla-gana-<br />

Tlebis, xasiaTis, ojaxuri da samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis,<br />

interesebis Sesaxeb. sagazeTo masalaSi, ra Tqma unda,<br />

yvelaferze ar ilaparakebT, magram am codniT SeiaraRebuli<br />

midixarT baton vaxtangTan. savsebiT SesaZlebelia,<br />

man Tqvenze gacilebiT ukeTesi STabeWdileba moaxdinos,<br />

vidre elodiT. ase iqneba, Tu ise, Tqven daaxloebiT iciT,<br />

`ra enaze~ unda esaubroT respondents. iciT, rogor unda<br />

dauxatoT mkiTxvels misi portreti. Tqven valdebuli<br />

xarT ukuagdoT yvela saeWvo informacia, romelic respondentis<br />

sasargeblod ar laparakobs _ adamians isedac<br />

bevri nakli aqvs da raimes mikereba sulac ar aris<br />

aucilebeli. winaswar miRebuli informacia gexmarebaT<br />

pirovnebis xasiaTis gasaxsnelad, am pirovnebis `gasaSiSvleblad~.<br />

daaxloebiT aseTi principiT moqmedebs msoflios<br />

yvela kvalificiuri da sindisieri Jurnalisti. Tumca,<br />

amqveynad arc usindiso daileva, magram maTze, modi, nu<br />

vilaparakebT.<br />

da kidev erTi _ nu daiviwyebT, rom Tqven, Jurnalists,<br />

ubralo mokvdavTa (Tundac es `ubralo~ qveynis<br />

prezidenti iyos) winaSe didi upiratesoba gaqvT da amis<br />

borotad gamoyeneba ar SeiZleba. aseTma erTaderTma<br />

SemTxvevamac ki, SesaZloa, samudamod daRupos Tqveni<br />

Jurnalisturi kariera. presa ar SeiZleba iyos wvrilmani<br />

angariSsworebis sarbieli.<br />

informacia Segrovebulia, STabeWdileba Camoyalibebulia.<br />

axla wminda teqnikuri mxare rCeba _ am yvelafris<br />

qaRaldze gadatana. Tu rogor keTdeba es, amis nimuSad<br />

SemogTavazebT 1991 wlis seqtemberSi rusul `nezavisimaia<br />

gazetaSi~ gamoqveynebul intervius saqarTvelos ma-<br />

Sindel prezident zviad gamsaxurdiasTan.<br />

34

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avtoportreti<br />

_ batono zviad, Tqven diqtatori brZandebiT?<br />

_ ai-ai! romeli diqtatori da romeli diqtatoruli<br />

reJimi aitans anarqias, rac aq xdeba _ gesmiT? erTi Setakeba<br />

iyo...<br />

_ 2 seqtembers? te-es-enma uCvena.<br />

_ diax. da maSinac milicias SeeSinda, roca dauwyes cema<br />

da qvebis srola, TviTon haerSi isroda.<br />

_ iq xom daWrilebic iyvnen...<br />

_ amisTvis miliciasac vsjiT. meti ra vqnaT? isini ki...<br />

axla amuqeben, TiTqos es sisxliani reJimi, diqtatoruli<br />

reJimia... da ase Semdeg.<br />

SegaxsenebT, rom CvenTan bevrad meti demokratiaa, vidre<br />

safrangeTSi, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi da... sadac<br />

gnebavT! arc erTi demokratiuli saxelmwifo ar aitans<br />

imas, rasac Cven vitanT, gesmiT?<br />

_ ese igi, Tqven guli gtkivaT da es yvelaferi<br />

gawuxebT?<br />

_ cotaTi mawuxebs, roca xedav, rom diqtatoris iarliys,<br />

ris winaaRmdegac vibrZodi mTeli cxovreba, me makereben,<br />

me ki ar damimsaxurebia _ ai, es...<br />

_ `svobodam~ gadmosca Tqveni gamosvla Tbilisis mitingze,<br />

sadac Tqven xalxs mouwodebdiT _ sityva-sityviT<br />

_ `opoziciis Caqolvas~. rogor SeiZleba ase iyos?<br />

_ absoluturi sigiJea! msgavsi ram ar yofila. albaT<br />

vTqvi, rom opozicia gvesvris qvebs da, ai, es gadaasxvaferes,<br />

viTom Cven vesvriT... erTaderTi, rac vTqvi, rom _ Cven ar<br />

avitanT... mokled, Tu isini samxedro Zaladobas mimarTaven,<br />

ai, maSin miiReben pasuxs. da es bunebrivia. maT ki axla aiCemes:<br />

ai, Zaladobisken mouwodebso! me ki mxolod is vTqvi, rom<br />

SeiaraRebul Zaladobas pasuxs gavcemT. ai, meti araferi.<br />

_ Tqven akrZaleT `nezavisimaia gazeta?~<br />

_ me mgoni, mainc gamodis... magram cotaTi gvawyenina<br />

Tqvenma warmomadgenelma brolaZem. Cven moviTxovT brolaZis<br />

Secvlas. es araobieqturi Jurnalistia.<br />

_ anu, Tqven intervius aZlevT gazeTs, romelic Tavadve<br />

akrZaleT?<br />

35

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_ SemdgomSi Cveni megobruli urTierToba `nezavisimaia<br />

gazetasTan~ isev aRdgeba. yvelaferi brolaZis gamo<br />

moxda. araobieqturi informacia dabeWda.<br />

_ romeli?<br />

_ miWirs axla giTxraT. ar maxsovs. CvenTan yvelafer<br />

amaze prescentri reagirebs. is pasuxobs.<br />

_ da sad aris `izvestia~ da `komsomolka?~ isini ratom<br />

ar gamodian?<br />

_ imitom, rom iqac `velur~ raRaceebs beWdaven.<br />

_ Tqveni SexedulebiT, arsebobs gazeTi, romelic saqarTveloze<br />

simarTles wers?<br />

_ ruseTis?<br />

_ an centraluri.<br />

_ me ar minaxavs. simarTle giTxraT... yvelaferi arc<br />

vici, TviTon saqarTveloSi aris obieqturi gazeTebi. magram<br />

aris, ra Tqma unda, provokatorulic.<br />

_ ra ultimatumi wagiyenes samxedroebma?<br />

_ upirvelesad, sabWoTa xelisuflebis, komunisturi<br />

reJimis aRdgena da damoukideblobis gauqmeba...<br />

_ maT surdaT, Tqven komunisti gamxdariyaviT?<br />

_ ai... TiTqmis es. me vuTxari, rom Cven suverenuli saxelmwifo<br />

varT, rom es ar SegviZlia... aseTi dialogi iyo. magram<br />

isini pirdapir imuqrebodnen, rom daiwyebdnen gvardiis<br />

dapatimrebas. me vuTxari: `ver gabedavT amis gakeTebas,<br />

radgan Cven gvardias ukve miliciis statusi mivaniWeT~.<br />

anu gvardia darCa, rogorc iyo, mxolod qaRaldze moxda<br />

es, maT ki axla aiCemes, rom gvardia davSale. es tyuilia...<br />

_ rogor afasebT ruseTis pozicias CrdiloeT da<br />

samxreT oseTis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb?<br />

_ es provokaciuli gancxadebaa, pirdapiri Careva Cvens<br />

Sinaur saqmeebSi.<br />

_ pasuxs gascemT?<br />

_ ra Tqma unda, gavcemT. xval parlamenti ikribeba.<br />

_ mainc vin awyobs aseT `provokaciebs~, batono zviad?<br />

rogor fiqrobT?<br />

_ Sovinistebi. imperiuli Zalebi.<br />

_ kremlis agentebi?<br />

_ ar gamovricxav.<br />

36

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_ ras grZnobT, roca parlamentSi Seuracxyofas gayeneben?<br />

_ diax, ra Tqma unda, aRSfoTebuli var, magram ar minda<br />

sisxlis samarTlis saSualebebi gamoviyeno... prezidentis<br />

SeuracxyofisTvis kanoni ki arsebobs, magram sindisi xom<br />

unda iqonion?<br />

_ magram roca Tqven TviTon SeuracxyofT parlamentSi<br />

Tqvens mowinaaRmdegeebs?<br />

_ iciT, isini zogjer maiZuleben, vupasuxo. magram yovelTvis<br />

veZeb gamosavals. minda davijero, rom es SesaZlebelia<br />

da yoveli ZaliT vcdilob.<br />

_ gasagebia... mainc aqamde ratom ar mieciT glexebs miwa.<br />

gorbaCovmac ki gaakeTa es. Tqven opozicia brals gdebT,<br />

rom privatizacias ar iwyebT...<br />

_ tyuilia! ara-ara, es tyuilia!.. magram saWiroa<br />

sakanonmdeblo safuZveli. Cven axlaxans miviReT kanoni.<br />

gavakeTebT.<br />

tatiana malkina, andrei karaulovi (`nezavisimaia<br />

gazetas~ informacia).<br />

umaRlesi kvalifikaciis orma Jurnalistma, iuridiuli<br />

Jargoni rom moviSvelio, jvaredini dakiTxvis qarcecxlSi<br />

gaatara politikur intrigebSi gamoucdeli prezidenti<br />

da mkiTxvels misi namdvili saxe daanaxa. da es moxerxda am<br />

pirovnebis winaswari safuZvliani SeswavliT.<br />

kidev erTi `patara~ Strixi _ am intervius saTauri.<br />

ufro vrclad saTaurebze momavalSi visaubrebT (Tu manamde<br />

am wignis gacnobis survili ar gagiqraT!), magram naxeT,<br />

ras arqmeven avtorebi am intervius _ `avtoportreti~.<br />

amiT maT `nezavisimaia gazetas~ mravalmilionian auditorias<br />

araorazrovnad mianiSnes, Cven, batonebo, araferi<br />

gamogvigonia, arc raime Segvilamazebia, arc raime dagvimaxinjebia,<br />

ubralod, respondentisve xeliT Seqmnili avtoportreti<br />

SemogTavazeTo.<br />

marTlac SesaSuri profesionalimzi da gonebamaxvilobaa.<br />

sxvisi portretis SeqmniT garTulebs isic nu dagaviwydebaT,<br />

rom Tqveni yoveli Jurnalisturi naSromi<br />

Tqvenive (avto)portreticaa.<br />

37

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yovlismcodneoba saSiSi senia<br />

erTxel saqarTvelos meore prezidentma eduard SevardnaZem<br />

miiRo friad originaluri gadawyvetileba _<br />

yovel orSabaTs JurnalistisTvis mieca radiointerviu.<br />

prezidenti, albaT, fiqrobda, rom aseTi nabiji mas xalxis<br />

masebTan daaaxloebda. orSabaTis interviu yovelTvis<br />

erTsa da imave Jurnalists mihyavda.<br />

qalbatoni Jurnalisti amave dros gaxldaT prezidentis<br />

pressamsaxuris TanamSromeli*, xSirad xvdeboda Tavad<br />

prezidents, mis momxreebs da opozicionerebsac. igi<br />

zedmiwevniT kargad icnobda prezidentis uaxloes garemocvas,<br />

trialebda TiTqmis yvela politikuri movlenis<br />

centrSi. bunebrivia, mis gankargulebaSi iyo uzarmazari<br />

informacia. amitomac Tu gamoucdelobis gamo, Zalze<br />

swrafad irwmuna, rom SeeZlo TviTonve epasuxa prezidentisTvis<br />

dasmul TiTqmis yvela kiTxvaze. albaT, amis gamoc<br />

iyo, rom `orSabaTis intervium~ male dakarga aqtualoba,<br />

msmenelma ki _ misadmi yovelgvari interesi. prezidentis<br />

interviu anekdotebis wyarod iqca. kiTxva-pasuxi daaxloebiT<br />

ase gamoiyureboda:<br />

kiTxva: batono prezidento. amas winaT, prezident klintonTan*<br />

Sexvedrisas aRniSneT, rom gaerom ufro moqnili<br />

da mkacri politika unda gaataros separatizmis gamovlinebaTa<br />

winaaRmdeg. Tqven agreTve brZaneT, rom gaero<br />

sakmaod `zanti~ organizaciaa da uWirs gadawyvetilebis<br />

operatiulad miReba. aseTi moqmedeba, dameTanxmebiT,<br />

xels uwyobs separatistul moZraobas. gaero rom operatiulad<br />

moqmedebdes, saqarTvelo didi xania moagvarebda<br />

problemebs afxazeTTan, azerbaijani _ mTian yarabaRTan,<br />

ruseTi _ CeCneTTan da ase Semdeg. Tqveni azriT, unda<br />

gardaqmnas Tu ara muSaoba gaerom, unda hyavdes Tu ara<br />

mas mobiluri samxedro Zala, unda SeeZlos Tu ara gadawyvetilebis<br />

swrafad miReba?<br />

pasuxi: diax, marTali brZandebiT.<br />

prezidenti aseT lakoniur pasuxs iqneb arc iZleoda,<br />

magram igi Zalian xSirad iZulebuli iyo, ubralod, `gadaemRerebina~<br />

Jurnalistis naTqvami, vinaidan Tavis kiTx-<br />

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vaSi Jurnalistma ukve Tqva pasuxis yvela SesaZlo versia<br />

da prezidents saTqmeli TiTqmis ar dautova.<br />

Jurnalistebs, maT Soris sakmaod cnobil Jurnalistebsac,<br />

xSirad eCvenebaT, rom mkiTxvels raime Temaze maTi<br />

saubari ufro ainteresebs, vidre am saqmis specialistisa.<br />

didi xnis winaT, saqarTvelos televiziis pirveli<br />

arxiT gadaicemoda klasikuri musikisadmi miZRvnili gadacemaTa<br />

cikli. wamyvani SesaniSnavad erkveoda klasikur<br />

musikaSi da gadacemasac mSvenivrad uZRveboda. magram mayureblisa<br />

da msmenelisTvis gaugebari iyo am gadacemaSi miwveuli<br />

specialistis monawileoba _ mTeli gadacemis ganmavlobaSi<br />

igi an ubrad ijda an, Tu wamyvani raimes hkiTxavda,<br />

umalve sityvas CamoarTmevda da sakuTar SekiTxvas<br />

TviTonve pasuxobda.<br />

Tavisi sityvaZunwobiT cnobil saqarTvelos samxedro<br />

ministrs, general TevzaZes erTma teleJurnalistma daaxloebiT<br />

aseTi Sinaarsis SekiTxva dausva:<br />

_ batono ministro, qveynis wlevandeli samxedro biujeti<br />

...milioni laria. es Tanxa jaris mxolod gamokvebisTvisac<br />

ki ar aris sakmarisi. iaraRis SeZenasa da samxedro<br />

momzadebaze laparakic zedmetia. ara gvyavs saSualo da<br />

umcros meTaurTa Semadgenloba. amas zed daerTo biujetis<br />

sekvestri, romelmac Tqveni uwyebis finansuri Sesa-<br />

Zleblobebi kidev 30 procentiT Seamcira. aseT viTarebaSi,<br />

SevZlebT Tu ara dakarguli teritoriebis iaraRis<br />

ZaliT dabrunebas?<br />

Jurnalistma am SemTxvevaSic yvelaferi icis, yvelafe<br />

rs ambobs da `sawyal~ ministrs saTqmels arafers<br />

utovebs. amitom generlis pasuxic ukiduresad lakoniuri<br />

da groteskulia:<br />

_ Tqven ras fiqrobT?<br />

erT-erTi saprezidento arCevnebisas saqarTvelos<br />

televiziis pirveli arxiT gadaica vrceli interviu SevardnaZesTan.<br />

aq ucnauri, ra Tqma unda, araferia. ufro<br />

zustad, araferi iqneboda, erTi garemoeba rom ara _ interviu<br />

moqmedi prezidentis da momavali asprocentiani<br />

prezidentis, eduard SevardnaZis uaxloes mrCevels, gela<br />

Carkvians mihyavda.<br />

39

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etyoba, viRac Zalian `Wkvianma~ urCia prezidents,<br />

rom Tu intervius Carkviani waiyvanda, es amomrCevelTa<br />

TvalSi ufro prestiJulad gamoCndeboda. sinamdvileSi,<br />

folkloridan kargad cnobili gugulisa da mamlis dialogi<br />

gamovida _ korespondenti sami saaTis ganmavlobaSi<br />

ganuwyvetliv xotbas asxamda respondents. am gadacemiT,<br />

savaraudoa, SevardnaZem amomrCevelTa ramdenime aTeuli<br />

aTasi xma dakarga.<br />

aseTi magaliTebis moyvana msoflios yvela qveynis<br />

presidan SeiZleba. mdidari informacia xSirad acdunebs<br />

xolme Jurnalists _ gazviadebul warmodgenas uqmnis<br />

sakuTar SesaZleblobebze. mas xSirad aviwydeba (an Segnebulad<br />

iviwyebs!), rom mkiTxvels samxedro ambebis Sesaxeb<br />

Jurnalistisaze metad generlis azri ainteresebs,<br />

politikis Sesaxeb _ prezidentisa, maTematikis Sesaxeb<br />

_ maTematikosisa, fexburTis Sesaxeb _ mwvrTnelisa da<br />

a.S. Tu ar gsurT, sasacilo viTarebaSi aRmoCndeT, nu<br />

ecdebiT sakuTari codnis demonstrirebas _ es Tqveni<br />

naweridan Tu naTqvamidan isedac gamoCndeba. imasac nu<br />

daiviwyebT, rom arian adamianebi, visac nebismier darg-<br />

Si Tqvenze ganuzomlad meti informacia aqvT.<br />

bevrma Jurnalistma sakmaod kargad icis fsiqologia,<br />

filosofia, istoria, politologia, samxedro saqme da a.S.<br />

SeuZlia swori daskvnebis gamotana da momavlis winaswarmetyvelebac<br />

ki. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom Jurnalists,<br />

parlamentis wevrisgan gansxvavebiT, ara hyavs oponenti,<br />

romelic dauyovnebliv miuTiTebda Secdomaze, marTlac<br />

didia sakuTari codna-ganaTlebiT wakeklucebis cduneba.<br />

ras vizamT, Jurnalistebic adamianebi arian da adamianuri<br />

sisusteebi arc maTTvis aris ucxo. marTalia, sakuTari<br />

codniT kopwiaobisTvis kanonmdeblobaSi raime sasjeli<br />

ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli, magram savsebiT SesaZlebelia,<br />

erTob sasacilo viTarebaSi CaigdoT Tavi.<br />

Jurnalistis naSromi (rogorc mwerlisa) aisbergs<br />

unda hgavdes _ xiluli misi mcire nawili unda iyos.<br />

Tu sakuTar saqmes maRal profesiul doneze asrulebT,<br />

mkiTxvels aisbergis xiluli nawilidan misi mTliani<br />

moculobis warmodgena sulac ar gauWirdeba, mkiTxv-<br />

40

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els Tqveni codnis da talantis dadgena Tqveni dawerili<br />

ramdenime winadadebiTac ki SeuZlia. ase rom, Tu Tavis<br />

gamoCena gsurT, nu ecdebiT Tavis gamoCenas.<br />

erT Wkuis saswavlebel istorias giambobT:<br />

1988 wlis zafxulSi redaqciaSi mecnieri-maTematikosi<br />

gvestumra. es iyo ormocdaori-ormocdasami wlis kaci,<br />

mecnierebaTa doqtori. batoni zurabi amtkicebda, rom man<br />

amoxsna dRemde saidumloebiT moculi gantoleba. misi sityvebiT,<br />

amas globaluri mniSvneloba hqonda. amtkicebda,<br />

rom samecniero wreebi xelovnurad aWianurebdnen mis aRiarebas,<br />

vinaidan mecnierebaTa akademiis zogierT Cinovnikmecniers<br />

am aRmoCenis miTviseba surda, zogs misi Surda,<br />

xolo sxvas _ misi ar esmoda.<br />

umaRles samecniero wreebSi Surianoba sulac ar aris<br />

axali ambavi da arc gamkvirvebia. rwmena am kacis genialurobis<br />

Taobaze mis ramdenime kolega-maTematikosTan<br />

saubris Semdeg kidev ufro ganmimtkicda. mecnierebaTa<br />

akademiis erT-erT xelmZRvanelsac Sevxvdi da isic davadgine,<br />

rom baton zurabs inglisis erTi prestiJuli universiteti<br />

epatiJeboda.<br />

formulebis junglebSi Tvenaxevris xetialis Semdeg<br />

gazeTSi batoni zurabisa da misi aRmoCenis Taobaze sakmaod<br />

vrceli werili gamovaqveyne. gulis fancqaliT velodi<br />

reaqcias samecniero wreebidan. yovel SemTxvevaSi,<br />

im adamianebidan mainc, vinc Cems statiaSi retrogradebad<br />

movixsenie.<br />

Tqvenc ar momikvdeT, araviTari gamoxmaureba!<br />

SeiZleboda mefiqra, rom gavimarjve, magram baton<br />

zurabsac rom aravin Seexmiana, aman damaeWva.<br />

kidev erTxel gadavamowme Cems xelT arsebuli masalebi.<br />

kidev erTxel vesaubre specialistebs da kidev erTi statia<br />

gamovaqveyne. isev dumili. mxolod noembris bolos<br />

damirekes mecnierebaTa akademiidan da baton zurabTan<br />

erTad mimiwvies.<br />

daTqmul dros mivediT. kabinetSi ramdenime darbaiseli<br />

mecnieri gveloda. kedelze dafa ekida da zed swored<br />

is bednavsi gantoleba ewera. baton zurabs taqtianad<br />

sTxoves misi amoxsna. manac daiwyo, magram maleve SeaCe-<br />

41

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es da msjelobaSi xarvezze miuTiTes. batoni zurabi jer<br />

daibna, mere gawiwmatda da, Tumca, misTvis xma ubatonod<br />

aravis gaucia, gagulisebulma migvatova.<br />

pativcemulma mecnierebma Zalian ubralod amixsnes,<br />

rom es gantoleba marTlac yofila Teoretikosi maTematikosebis<br />

mravali Taobis vnebaTaRelvis sagani. sabolood,<br />

mecnierebas daudgenia, rom es iyo amouxsneli<br />

formula, `maTematikuri TamaSi~. baton zurabs aravin ar<br />

Cagravs da misi naSromis miTvisebasac aravin ar apirebs,<br />

vinaidan amas araviTari azri ara aqvso. rac Seexeba sazRvargareT<br />

miwvevas, batoni zurabi cota axirebuli, magram<br />

udavod niWieri adamiania, Tu Tavisi Teoriuli kvlevis<br />

sferos Secvlis, warmatebebis mopovebac SeuZlia da imitomac<br />

iwveveno.<br />

batoni mecnierebi Tavis droze imitom ar gamomexmaurnen,<br />

rom mixvdnen, Sevcdi. isini gazeTis da, iqneb, Cems<br />

saxelsac gaufrTxildnen. madlobis meti ra meTqmis. imave<br />

mecnierebs Zalian mwared rom gavekritikebine, Rirsi viyavi<br />

_ davisjebodi zedmeti Tavdajerebulobis gamo.<br />

42

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Tavi III<br />

statia iwyeba saTauridan<br />

saTauri<br />

SeiZleboda asec gveTqva da WeSmaritebasTan ufro axlos<br />

iqneboda _ wameba iwyeba saTauridan. daukvirdiT:<br />

msoflios arc erTi qveynis arc erT gazeTSi usaTauro<br />

statia ar qveyndeba. es imitom xdeba, rom sagazeTo publikaciis<br />

kompoziciaSi saTauri sruliad gansakuTrebul,<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, unikalur funqcias asrulebs: saTaurad<br />

gamotanili is erTi an ramdenime sityva unda Seesabamebodes<br />

publikaciis Sinaarss; unda iyos lakoniuri da<br />

gonebamaxviluri; mkiTxvels unda aiZulebdes, gaecnos<br />

publikacias. rTuli amocanaa? _ diax, rTulia da swored<br />

amis bralia, rom Zalian xSirad TviT gamocdili Jurnalistebic<br />

ki cdiloben, rogorme Tavidan aicilon statiis<br />

dasaTaurebis Sromatevadi procesi. amas isini ubralod<br />

da genialurad axerxeben _ redaqtorTan usaTauro<br />

statiebi miaqvT.<br />

zogi redaqtori amas gagebiT, Semwynareblurad xvdeba,<br />

zogi buzRunebs, zogi boboqrobs, magram, sabolood,<br />

yvelaferi Tavis adgilas dgeba: yvela redaqciaSi moiZebneba<br />

erTi an ramdenime adamiani, vinc icis, rom saTauri<br />

sadRac statiis striqonebSi (SinaarsSi) an striqonebs Soris<br />

imaleba. ufro xSirad, mniSvnelovani statiis saTaurs<br />

gunduri wesiT eZeben _ ramdenime adamiani gulmodgined<br />

ecnoba statiis Sinaarss da yvela Tavis variantebs wers.<br />

mere yvela erTad irCevs erT Sejerebul variants. bevr<br />

seriozul gazeTs saTauris ostatis erTi an ramdenime<br />

Static ki aqvs.<br />

1985-1990 wlebis modelis gazeT `Tbiliss~ statiis dasaTaurebis<br />

erTdroulad ramdenime didostati hyavda _<br />

TviT mTavari redaqtori arCil gogelia, Jurnalistebi<br />

_ lia goderZiSvili, irakli beriaSvili da nana joxariZe.<br />

`7 dReSi~ saTauris gamogonebis gunduri TamaSi virtuozulobamde<br />

iyo ayvanili da masSi redaqciis TiTqmis yve-<br />

43

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la TanamSromeli, maT Soris, teqnikuri muSakebic siamovnebiT<br />

monawileobdnen.<br />

saTauri ar aris raime ganyenebuli cneba. is aris, Tu<br />

SeiZleba ase iTqvas, mTeli sasaTaure kompleqsis erTerTi<br />

(da mTavari!) elementi. Tu profesor v.i. CeredniCenkos<br />

davesesxebiT, sasaTauro kompleqsi Sedgeba iseTi<br />

elementebisgan, rogoricaa anonsi, rubrika, gazeTis<br />

Tematuri svetis dasaxeleba, lidi, sakuTriv saTauri,<br />

qvesaTauri, CanarTi teqstSi. presis aRqmis fsiqologiis<br />

kanonebiT, mkiTxvelis mier wasakiTxi (gasacnobi) masalis<br />

SerCevisas gadamwyveti roli swored sasaTauro<br />

kompleqss eniWeba. am kompleqsSi ki yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />

adgili sakuTriv saTaurs uWiravs.<br />

profesori CeredniCenko iqve frang kritikoss, lui<br />

forestsac imowmebs: `kargad dasaTaurebuli kargi wigni<br />

aucileblad moipovebs warmatebas; cudad dasaTaurebuli<br />

kargi wigni verasodes ver moipovebs warmatebas,<br />

kargad dasaTaurebulma cudma wignma SesaZloa moipovos<br />

warmateba~.<br />

davubrundeT saTauris funqcias. Jurnalistikis bevri<br />

Teoretikosis azriT, zog naSromSi (statiaSi) saTauri mxolod<br />

asaxelebs problemas, romlis gadaWris mcdeloba<br />

Semdeg mocemulia teqstSi; sxvagan _ saTauri teqstSi mocemuli<br />

Sinaarsis Tezisi SeiZleba iyos; zogjer ki es aris<br />

e.w. kodi, teqstis gasaRebi, romlis gaSifvra mxolod teqstis<br />

gulisyuriT wakiTxvis Semdeg aris SesaZlebeli.<br />

1994 wels ucnobma pirebma daudgeneli mizniT mokles<br />

prezident SevardnaZis fondis xelmZRvaneli soliko xabeiSvili.<br />

presam Zalian mtkivneulad aRiqva es Tavxeduri<br />

mkvleloba. erT-erTi sagazeTo publikaciis saTauri ase<br />

ikiTxeboda: `vin mohkla soliko xabeiSvili?!~ teqstSi mocemuli<br />

iyo mkvlelobis ramdenime SesaZlo versia. cnobili<br />

disidentis da politikuri moRvawis, gia Wanturias mkvlelobasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, gazeTma `dronma~ gamoaqveyna<br />

vrceli statia originaluri saTauriT _ `me movkali gia<br />

Wanturia~. ra Tqma unda, gia Wanturia statiis avtors ar<br />

mouklavs. igi gamoZiebis masalebze dayrdnobiT da mkvlelobis<br />

Semdeg ganviTarebuli movlenebis analizis safuZ-<br />

44

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velze amtkicebda, rom gamoZieba Tavidanve araswori gziT<br />

warimarTa da mkvlelobaSi eWvmitanilis rolSi, SesaZloa,<br />

nebismieri Cvengani aRmoCeniliyo. orive SemTxvevaSi, sa-<br />

TaurSi gamotanilia problema, romlis gadaWris mcdeloba<br />

Semdeg mocemulia teqstSi. teqstSi mocemuli Sinaarsis<br />

erT-erTi Tezisis saTaurad gamotanis nimuSebad SeiZleba<br />

CaiTvalos aseTi saTaurebi: `Tu xvalindelze ar vizruneT,<br />

zegindelze fiqri ar dagvWirdeba~, `valebi momavali<br />

TaobebisTvis~ (`mimomxilvelis~ informaciebi).<br />

pirvel statiaSi saubaria, zogadad, ganaTlebis problemebze,<br />

meoreSi _ saqarTvelo-TurqmeneTis ekonomikur<br />

urTierTobebze.<br />

axla, rac Seexeba e.w. kodirebul saTaurebs. 1994 wels<br />

gazeT `dronSi~ gamoqveynda sakmaod vrceli analitikuri<br />

werili saTauriT `gandagana~. erTi SexedviT, saTauri<br />

amave saxelwodebis popularuli qarTuli xalxuri cekvis<br />

(igive _ `aWaruli~) asociacias iwvevs. statiaSi marTlac<br />

xSirad gvxvdeba sityvebi `aWara~, `aWareli~, `aWaruli~ da<br />

a.S. magram aq saubaria ara mSvenier aWarul cekvaze, an ugemrieles<br />

aWarul xaWapurze, aramed saqarTvelos centraluri<br />

xelisuflebisa da saqarTvelos erT-erTi regionis,<br />

aWaris xelisuflebis urTierTobaze. kerZod, aWaris xelisuflebis<br />

centralurisadmi faqtobriv daumorCileblobaze,<br />

mis oCnobasa da saqarTvelosgan gan da gan Tavis<br />

daWeraze. mkiTxvelisTvis saTauris namdvili mniSvneloba<br />

mxolod statiis Sinaarsis gacnobis Semdeg xdeba cxadi.<br />

erTi aseTi mxiaruli magaliTic. gazeTma `dronma~ 1992<br />

wels gamoaqveyna momcro informacia myvirala saTauriT<br />

`irakli wereTelma nato Seacdina~.<br />

nato, mogexsenebaT, saqarTveloSi da mTel msoflioSi<br />

gavrcelebuli qalis saxelia. erTi SexedviT Canda, rom axalgazrda<br />

xmaurianma politikosma marTlac vinme qalbatoni<br />

nato Seacdina. ra Tqma unda, msgavsi araferi momxdara<br />

_ erT-erT preskonferenciaze wereTelma Cveulebriv<br />

waitrabaxa, me NATO _ Crdilo atlantikuri samxedro<br />

bloki _ gavacucurakeo. statiis (Tu saTauris!) avtorma<br />

ki cota `ieSmaka~ da abreviatura NATO Cveulebrivi qar-<br />

48

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Tuli asoebiT dawera, riTac erTbaSad `daSifra~ mTeli<br />

saTauri.<br />

aRniSnulis garda, sagazeTo saTauri SeiZleba iyos informaciuli,<br />

nominaciuri, emociur-SefasebiTi, sareklamo,<br />

integraciuli, kompoziciuri. es CamonaTvali SeiZleba<br />

gagrZeldes, saTaurebzec SegviZlia kidev bevri visaubroT,<br />

magram mTavari mainc ukve naTqvamia _ saTauri<br />

sagazeTo statiis umniSvnelovanesi elementia. man mkiTxvelis<br />

yuradReba unda miiqcios, teqstis wakiTxvamde<br />

daainteresos; teqstidan gamohyos yvelaze mniSvnelovani,<br />

mkiTxvels miawodos winaswari informacia, gauadvilos im<br />

umTavresis aRqma, risTvisac mocemuli statia daiwera.<br />

da, rac mTavaria, daexmaros mas statiis damaxsovrebaSi.<br />

swored is statia aris kargi da mniSvnelovani, romelic<br />

mkiTxvels saTauriT axsovs.<br />

erTi popularuli qarTuli andaza gvamcnobs, Tu uremi<br />

SeSas ver moitans, igi xom TviTon SeSaao. warmovidginoT<br />

aseTi viTareba _ mTeli gazeTi mxolod saTaurebiTaa gadavsebuli.<br />

aseT SemTxvevaSi, saTauri TviTon asrulebs<br />

teqstis movaleobas, TviTon aris informacia. gadaxedeT<br />

Tanamedrove gazeTebis pirvel gverdebs da amaSi Tavad<br />

darwmundebiT.<br />

es mxolod pirveli gverdebia da mas Tavisi funqcia<br />

aqvs. mTeli gazeTis mxolod saTaurebiT Sevseba marTlac<br />

cota sasaciloa, magram unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom<br />

XXI saukunis ukiduresad saqmian atmosferoSi Camoyalibda<br />

mkiTxvelTa uzarmazari armia, romelic informacias<br />

iRebs... saTaurebidan. amitom dRis wesrigSi kidev erTi<br />

saWirboroto problema dgeba _ saTaurisa da teqstis<br />

Sesabamisoba, ufro zustad, saTaurisa da teqstis urTierTgavlena<br />

da urTierTdamokidebuleba. yvelaferi<br />

gasagebi rom iyos, asec SeiZleba vTqvaT: zogjer statiis<br />

teqsti Sobs saTaurs, zogjer saTauri Sobs statiis teqsts.<br />

metic, Tu saTauri Zalian maxvilgonivruladaa<br />

napovni, SeiZleba am saTauris Temaze statiebis mTeli<br />

cikli Seiqmnas.<br />

ra Tqma unda, umjobesia, jer sakuTriv saTauri vipovoT<br />

da statiis teqsti mere davweroT. aseT SemTxvevaSi,<br />

49

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avtori ufro disciplinebuli da mizandasaxuli xdeba.<br />

teqstis mTavari mimarTulebidan gadaxveva, fuWi wiaRsvlebi<br />

da zedmeti sityvauxvoba TiTqmis gamoricxulia.<br />

TvalSisacemi saTaurebis gamogonebisas, mudam unda<br />

gaxsovdeT, rom arsebobs zomiereba. ar SeiZleba `daukrefavSi<br />

gadasvla~, anu Tqveni sagazeTo masalisTvis misi sa-<br />

TauriT imaze meti mniSvnelobis miniWeba, vidre mas sinamdvileSi<br />

aqvs. wignieri mkiTxveli iseve iolad grZnobs umcires<br />

gadaWarbebas, rogorc simfoniuri orkestris diri-<br />

Jori _ yalb nots.<br />

1998 wlis maisSi gazeT `aliaSi~ gamoqveynda informacia<br />

saTauriT: `TevdoraZisTvis mowyoba misaRebia, magram<br />

ase ara~. Tavad informaciaSi ki parlamentari elene TevdoraZe,<br />

saerTod, naxsenebic ar aris _ sxva parlamentaris,<br />

germane facacias mosazrebazea saubari!<br />

axla oriode sityva imis Taobazec, rogori saTaurebi<br />

ar unda iyos Tanamedrove presaSi. sanimuSod 1991 wlis<br />

modelis gazeTi `Tbilisi~ aviRoT;<br />

_ Tavisufal saqarTveloSi es tyec iSrialebs;<br />

_ axmetelebi da walenjixelebi TbilisSi;<br />

_ xexilic mogviZRvnes nobaTad;<br />

_ imperiuli, Tavsmoxveuli kanonebi _ rodemde?<br />

_ erToba Cveni taxtia;<br />

_ lamazi hangebi _ patarebs;<br />

_ nagavi sabavSvo baRis karebTan;<br />

_ mtris jibrze daizrdebian!;<br />

_ bazari, misi arsi da mniSvneloba;<br />

_ mkacrad davicvaT moTxovnebi.<br />

da mravali, mravali sxva. bunebrivia, amgvari saTaurebis<br />

wakiTxvis Semdeg, mkiTxvels ZiriTadi teqstis gacnobis<br />

yovelgvari survili gauqreba. sanimuSod `Tbilisi~<br />

imitom avirCie, rom igi tradiciuli oficiozis warmomadgenelia.<br />

ufro zustad, aseTi iyo 1991 wels. postkomunistur,<br />

gardamaval epoqaSi dasaTaurebis aseTi tendencia<br />

mefobda da am erTi SexedviT sasacilo saTaurebis gamo,<br />

raime seriozuli daskvnis gamotana sarisko saqmea. kidev<br />

erTxel gavimeoreb, rom es aris presis istoria, anu es arc<br />

50

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Secdomaa da arc presis sawinaaRmdego raime Segnebuli<br />

qmedeba. es aris marTvis komunisturi sistemis gamovlena<br />

presaSi. Tumca, vimeoreb, 1991 wels saqarTveloSi komunisturi<br />

reJimi de iure aRar arsebobda. ratom gaagrZela<br />

`Tbilisma~ da zogma sxva gazeTma komunisturi tradiciebi,<br />

amis axsnas maSin Sevecdebi, roca zogadad xelisuflebisa<br />

da presis damokidebulebaze visaubrebT.<br />

manamde ki gansasjelad kidev erT saTaurs SemogTavazebT.<br />

statia, Tu ar vcdebi, 1992 wels gamoqveynda gazeTSi<br />

`kolxuri koSki~: `sabWoTa eTnofabrikaciuli Sinaarsis<br />

dakanoneba da `respublikis saxelis matarebeli xalxis~<br />

diversiuli saazrovno stilistikis aRiareba~.<br />

rogorc wesi, aseTi saTaurebi (da, Sesabamisad, maRalfardovani<br />

teqstebi), presaSi Cndeba revoluciuri situaciebis<br />

dros an e. w. gadamaval periodebSi. erTi sityviT,<br />

im dros, roca noyieri niadagi iqmneba SarlatanobisTvis.<br />

amas, ra Tqma unda, araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs JurnalistikasTan,<br />

magram igi arsebobda da, albaT, momavalSic<br />

iarsebebs. mTavaria, ar SevcdeT da amgvar teqstebSi raime<br />

sibrZnis Zieba ar daviwyoT _ adamianebis umravlesoba xom<br />

sakuTari uvicobis dafarvas xSirad uSinaarso maRalfardovnebiT<br />

cdilobs.<br />

pirveli gverdi<br />

pirvel gverds daaxloebiT is funqcia ekisreba mTlianad<br />

gazeTisTvis, rac sasaTauro kompleqss _ sagazeTo<br />

publikaciisTvis, an `quds~ da anonss _ satelevizio programisTvis.<br />

televizoris yurebisas an radios smenisas adamiani SedarebiT<br />

pasiuria _ savarZelSi, an, sulac, sawolSi mokalaTebuli<br />

Tavs maincdamainc ar iwuxebs _ zantad irCevs<br />

programebs da cdilobs maqsimaluri komforti Seiqmnas.<br />

radio an televizori misTvis informaciis mimwodeblis<br />

garda, dasvenebis uebari saSualebaa da xSirad Zilis wamlis<br />

movaleobasac asrulebs. amis garda, moazrovne adamianebis<br />

umravlesobas, cota ar iyos, aRizianebs metismetad<br />

51

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Wkvianuri, damrigebluri xasiaTis tele da radiogadacemebi.<br />

amis mizezi Zalian ubraloa _ erTi tele an radio gadacemis<br />

formatSi, miT ufro, Tu am gadacemaSi ramdenime<br />

adamiani monawileobs, raime garkveuli daskvnis gamotana<br />

TiTqmis SeuZlebelia _ yvela monawiles Tavisi simarTle<br />

aqvs da misi gadarwmuneba mxolod uiSviaTes SemTxvevaSi<br />

Tu xerxdeba. Tanac, adamianebs uyvarT telekamerebis win<br />

keklucoba _ eZeben lamaz sityvebs da gamoTqmebs, uadgilod<br />

oxunjoben an enamwaroben, cdiloben Tavi oponentze<br />

Wkvianad warmoadginon... amasobaSi xSirad TviT kama-<br />

Tis saganic ki sadRac ikargeba. amas daumateT gadacemebSi<br />

sareklamo rgolebis xSir-xSiri CarTvac.<br />

ra Tqma unda, eleqtronul medias beWdurTan SedarebiT<br />

bevri upiratesoba aqvs. meoce saukunis miwuruls<br />

imasac xSirad imeorebdnen, rom gazeTis epoqa male istoriis<br />

kuTvnilebad iqceoda, magram roca saubari farTo<br />

gagebiT exeba analitikur masalebs, aq beWduri presis upiratesoba<br />

aSkaraa. yovel SemTxvevaSi, ase iyo XXI saukunis<br />

dasawyisSi.<br />

Tumca, momavalSi rac unda moxdes, Jurnalistikas<br />

mainc araferi emuqreba _ azrebis werilobiT gadmocemis<br />

saWiroebaze kacobrioba uars, albaT, verasodes ver<br />

ityvis.<br />

sul axlaxans Tqven naxeT ramdenime gazeTis pirveli<br />

gverdebi. es aris, arc meti, arc naklebi, gazeTis mokle Sinaarsi.<br />

miTiTebulia, romel gverdze ra masalaa gamoqveynebuli<br />

da miniSnebulia, razea saubari am masalebSi. rogorc<br />

wesi da rigi moiTxovs, pirvel gverdze dominanturi<br />

pozicia uWiravs gazeTis saTaurs. komunistur epoqaSi<br />

yvela sabWoTa gazeTis saTauris zemoT dominirebda didi<br />

leninis ukvdavi mowodeba-aforizmi: `proletarebo, yvela<br />

qveynisa, SeerTdiT!~ da komunizmis mSeneblobaSi gaze-<br />

Tis damsaxurebis aRmniSvneli ordenebi. Tavad gazeTebis<br />

saTaurebic diadi komunizmis mSeneblobis epoqis Sesabamisi<br />

iyo: `komunisti~, `axalgazrda komunisti~, `komunizmis<br />

ganTiadi~, `komunizmis mSenebeli~, `win, komunizmisaken~,<br />

`lenineli,~ `leninis gziT~, `norCi lenineli~, `rkinigzelis<br />

xma~, `pedagogis xma~, `meabreSumis xma~, `feiqarTa xma~,<br />

52

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`kolmeurnis xma~, `energetikosis xma~, `mesazRvris xma~,<br />

`artileristis xma~ da a. S. ase iyo mTel socialistur samyaroSi.<br />

TviT saTaurebidanac Cans, rom sabWoTa presa emsaxureboda<br />

msoflio socialisturi sistemis erTianobas, naTel<br />

komunistur momavals. araviTari miniSnebac ki erovnulobaze,<br />

saxelmwifoebriobaze, damoukideblobaze.<br />

meore ukiduresobaSi gadavvardiT `urRvevi~ socialisturi<br />

sistemisa da erTiani sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg.<br />

patriotuli aRtyineba gazeTebis mxolod saTaurebidanac<br />

ki SesaniSnavad Cans: `saqarTvelo~, `saqarTvelos<br />

respublika~, `Tavisufali saqarTvelo~, `saqarTvelos<br />

samreklo~, `saqarTvelos cis qveS~, `respublika~, `mamuli~,<br />

`kolxuri koSki~ da uamravi sxva.<br />

presis cenzurisgan gaTavisuflebam Sva iseTi gazeTebic<br />

ki, rogoric gaxldaT `badrijani~, `bus kvercxebi~ da<br />

misTanani.<br />

msoflios yvela qveynis yvela sakuTari Tavis pativismcemel<br />

gazeTs hyavs pirveli gverdis redaqtori. amiT<br />

xazgasmulia pirveli gverdis mniSvneloba mTlianad gaze-<br />

TisTvis. mniSvnelovania yvelaferi _ gazeTis sasaTaure<br />

Srifti da zoma, devizi, foto (an fotoebi), maTi zomebi<br />

da ganlageba, gamotanebi, sityvieri masala, mxatvruli gaformeba,<br />

SriftebiT `TamaSi~ da uamravi sxva wvrilmani da<br />

msxvilmani.<br />

Tanamedrove msoflios seriozul presaSi ukve didi xania<br />

Camoyalibda aseTi tendencia: gazeTis pirvel gverdze<br />

gamotanilia redaqciis azriT, umniSvnelovanesi informaciis<br />

Sesatyvisi foto, erTi-ori Zalze mniSvnelovani informacia<br />

da meniu, anu gazeTis Sida gverdebze gamoqveynebuli<br />

saintereso masalebis saTaurebi (an ramdenime sityviani<br />

anonsebi) Sesabamisi fotoebiT an umisod. mokled,<br />

`tfilisis uwyebanis~ pirveli gverdi gakeTebulia swored<br />

am tendenciis gaTvaliswinebiT. rac Seexeba meoce saukunis<br />

miwurulisa da ocdameerTis dasawyisis Zalian bevri<br />

qarTuli gazeTis pirvel gverdebs, es aris raRac saSualo<br />

kolejebis gazeTebsa da e. w. yviTel presas Soris _ rogorc<br />

mogaxseneT, qarTuli presa erTob moumzadebeli<br />

53

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Sexvda moulodnelad Tavs damtydar saxelmwifoebriv<br />

da pirovnul Tavisuflebas. zogma yofilma komunisturma<br />

gazeTma, saerTod, yvelaferi uaryo, zogi verafers<br />

Seelia. saqme zogjer kuriozebamde midioda. magaliTad,<br />

2003 wels gamoSvebuli erT-erTi yofili komunisturi,<br />

patriotulad saxelgadarqmeuli mravalgverdiani gaze-<br />

Tis pirvel gverdze SegiZliaT waikiTxoT ocze meti informacia,<br />

maT Soris oTxi _ prezidentis xelmoweriT.<br />

aqvea informaciebi rubrikebiT: `dokumenti~, `situacia~,<br />

`urCi gadamxdelebi~, `aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba muSaobs~,<br />

`dajildoeba~, `kolegebi~, `palitra~, `ukanasknel<br />

saaTs~, `amindi~, `valutis kursi~, `interpanorama~, `dRis<br />

anekdoti~...<br />

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa bolo rubrika: `gvirekaven,<br />

gvekiTxebian~. SekiTxva ase JRers: `myavs 5 Svili. ufrosi 7<br />

wlisaa, umcrosi _ erTisa. me da Cemi meuRle umuSevrebi<br />

varT. vcxovrobT raionSi. gvekuTvnis Tu ara saxelmwifosgan<br />

raime daxmareba~.<br />

am patiosan da SimSilisgan gawamebul sazogadoebas<br />

gazeTis redaqcia dawvrilebiT uxsnis, ratom da ra odenobis<br />

daxmareba ekuTvnis... TbilisSi mcxovreb moqalaqeebs.<br />

es gulTbili saubari madlier mkiTxvelsa da gulisxmier<br />

redaqcias Soris ase mTavrdeba: `zemoaRniSnuli yvela<br />

SeRavaTi finansdeba dedaqalaqis biujetidan, amitom<br />

raionSi mcxovreb mravalSvilian ojaxebze maTi gavrceleba,<br />

samwuxarod, gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris.<br />

veraferi SeRavaTia saqarTvelos erT-erT raionSi<br />

mcxovrebi xuTi mSieri Svilis mSoblebisTvis, magram<br />

gaugebari is aris, ratom aqveynebs am kiTxva-pasuxs gazeTi<br />

saerTod da, miT ufro _ pirvel gverdze, Tanac, Tu es<br />

gazeTi xelisuflebis mxardamWeri da misi azris gamomxatvelia.<br />

mokled, pirvel gverdze aris yvelaferi _ prezidentis<br />

gankargulebebidan da dajildoebebidan dawyebuli,<br />

dRis anekdotiTa da tailandSi gamogonebuli siqaClis<br />

wamliT damTavrebuli.<br />

samagierod, am soliduri, istoriuli, a-2 formatis<br />

mravalgverdiani gazeTis pirvel gverdze ar aris araferi,<br />

54

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ac gazeTis Sida gverdebis Sinaarsze migvaniSnebda. es<br />

aris Secdoma. Secdomaa isic, roca pirveli gverdi metismetad<br />

gadaWrelebulia, damZimebulia muqi StrixebiT,<br />

dayofilia kvadratebad. gaxsovdeT, Tu Tqvens gazeTSi<br />

(nebismieri formatisa) ori nebismieri Jurnalisturi<br />

Janris saintereso masalaa gamoqveynebuli, igi ukve<br />

kargi gazeTia. Tu pirvelive gverdze daiwyebT mkiTxvelis<br />

darwmunebas, rom Tqvens gazeTSi oci saintereso<br />

da sensaciuri masala qveyndeba, amas aravin dagijerebT.<br />

seriozuli mkiTxveli gulSi dagcinebT kidec. ase rom,<br />

Tqveni gazeTis pirveli gverdi iseTive ubralo da kopwia<br />

unda iyos, rogorc ezo imeruli odis win.<br />

lidi<br />

Lead inglisuri sityvaa da dasawyiss niSnavs. aq, ra Tqma<br />

unda, ar aris saubari Sesavalze an winasityvaobaze. lidi<br />

aris e.w. `gaSlili~ qvesaTauri, sadac ramdenime winadadebaSi<br />

mocemulia statiis ZiriTadi arsi. saTaurebze saubrisas<br />

vTqvi da axlac gavixsenoT, rom Cven vcxovrobT<br />

drois qronikuli deficitis pirobebSi. amitom presis<br />

gacnobisas mkiTxvels unda Seeqmnas maqsimaluri komforti<br />

_ man minimalur droSi unda SeZlos maqsimaluri odenobis<br />

informaciis gacnoba. swored amas emsaxureba is orisami,<br />

iSviaTad, meti abzaci, rac uSualod saTaurs an qvesa-<br />

Taurs mosdevs. bevr Cvengans unaxavs saqmiani jentlmeni,<br />

romelic ramdenime dolars ixdis mraval aTeulgverdian<br />

gazeTSi. iqidan ramdenime gverds itovebs, danarCens ki<br />

gulgrilad uSvebs sanagve urnaSi. adamianebi gazeTebs<br />

kiTxuloben transportSi, restornebSi, quCaSi, samuSao<br />

adgilas da a.S. aseT viTarebaSi Zalian didia albaToba,<br />

rom Tu mkiTxvels sagazeTo statiis pirvelive frazebi ar<br />

daainteresebs, saerTod Sewyvets kiTxvas.<br />

gasaTvaliswinebelia kidev erTi, aranakleb mniSvnelovani<br />

faqtori _ usastikesi konkurencia gazeTebs<br />

Soris mkiTxvelis mosapoveblad. amitom lidebis (iseve,<br />

rogorc saTaurebis) Sedgenisas redaqciebis, avtorebis<br />

55

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gamomgoneblobas, fantaziasa da gonebamaxvilobas saz-<br />

Rvari ara aqvs. swored es garemoeba arTulebs lidebis<br />

klasifikacias, lidebis tipebis metnaklebad srul daxasiaTebas.<br />

vinaidan, zogadad, JurnalistikaSi srulyofilebaze<br />

saubari cota saCoTirod meCveneba, albaT, sjobs daveTanxmoT<br />

CvenTvis ukve nacnob profesor CeredniCenkos<br />

da lidis ramdenime saxeobis aRweriT SemovifargloT.<br />

1. TxrobiTi lidi _ es aris moqmedebis ganviTarebis<br />

auCqarebeli, TanmimdevrobiTi gadmocema qronologiuri<br />

orientirebis miTiTebiT. aseTi lidi, rogorc wesi, gamoiyeneba<br />

kriminaluri istoriebis gadmocemisas, roca ufro<br />

sainteresoa pasuxi kiTxvaze _ `rogor moxda?~ vidre _<br />

`ra moxda?~.<br />

`skolisken mimavalma meSvideklaselebma axalTaxali<br />

TeTri `Jiguli~ dainaxes _ Sua quCaze kapotaxdili idga.<br />

manqanis irgvliv sami biWi fusfusebda, erTi saWesTan<br />

ijda. skolis zaris xmac gaisma. giom da iraklim fexs auCqares.<br />

isini manqanasTan Zalian axlos iyvnen. ise axlos,<br />

rom gaigones, rogor Caulaparaka saWesTan mjdomma amxanagebs<br />

_ modian!<br />

biWebma kapoti daxures, manqanidan `kalaSnikovis~ avtomatebi<br />

gadmoiRes. erTi manqanasTan darCa, meore Sua<br />

quCaze dadga, mesamem pozicia `Jigulis~ marcxniv daikava.<br />

gaocebuli gio da irakli uyurebdnen, rogor miuaxlovda<br />

Savi `volga~ avtomatianebs. pirvelad kapotze dayrdnobilma<br />

biWma gaisrola. `volga~ gaCerda. biWebi uniRbod<br />

iyvnen. naqsovi qudebi exuraT. isini mSvidad idgnen da<br />

sami mxridan uwyveti jeriT tyvias uSendnen Sav `volgas~<br />

(`dronis~ informacia).<br />

2. lidi-reziume _ es aris movlenebis an Sedegebis<br />

mokle Sinaarsi, sadac eqvsi ZiriTadi kiTxvidan (vin? ra?<br />

rodis? rogor? sad? ratom?) pasuxi 3-4-zea gacemuli. es<br />

TavisTavad ukve aris informacia. xolo teqsti, romelic<br />

mas mohyveba, ubralod, xsnis, an azustebs lidSi naTqvams:<br />

`guSin cnobili gaxda, rom moskovis droiT 16 saaTsa da 30<br />

wuTze barencis zRvaSi CaiZira ruseTis samxedro flotis<br />

siamaye, wyalqveSa navi `kurski~. dauzustebeli informaci-<br />

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iT, misi ekipaJi 80 kacze meti iyo~ (`dronis~ informacia).<br />

3. erTmniSvnelovani (calkeuli) lidi _ aseTi tipis<br />

lidi gamohyofs statiaSi aRwerili movlenis erT romelime<br />

mniSvnelovan aspeqts.<br />

`1999 wlis arCevnebSi xma misca orma milionma adamianma,<br />

anu imdenma, ramdeni xmis uflebis mqone adamianic cxovrobs<br />

qveyanaSi. mwvaneTa azriT, es niSnavs, rom arCevnebi<br />

gayalbebulia _ faqtia, rom masSi amomrCevelTa 100 procents<br />

monawileoba ar miuRia~ (`dronis~ informacia).<br />

`uzenaesi sasamarTlo agrZelebs sisxlis samarTlis<br />

saqmis ganxilvas rafiel asabaSvilisa da Tamaz xoloaSvilis<br />

mimarT, romlebsac bralad edebaT policielebis<br />

mZevlad ayvana, yaCaRoba da materialuri zianis miyeneba~<br />

(`dronis~ informacia).<br />

4. lidi _ `dayovnebuli naxtomi~. aq, albaT, mcire<br />

ganmarteba iqneba saWiro. `dayovnebuli naxtomi~ aris saparaSuto<br />

sportSi gavrcelebuli termini (rogorc sab-<br />

WoTa sahaero-sadesanto jarebis yofil oficers, Segi-<br />

ZliaT, mendoT). igi gamoiyeneba im situaciis aRsaniSnavad,<br />

roca paraSutisti TviTmfrinavidan gadmoxtomidan sami<br />

wamis Semdeg ki ara, mRelvarebisgan sunTqvaSekruli mayureblebis<br />

winaSe mxolod ukanasknel wams xsnis paraSutis<br />

gumbaTs.<br />

aseTi tipis lidi yofiTi movlenebisa da scenebis aRweriT<br />

iwyeba. daaxloebiT ise, rogorc nebismieri anekdotis<br />

kulminaciuri fraza _ aqac mTavari saTqmeli gadatanilia<br />

lidis bolos.<br />

`dneprispira didi qalaqis gareubanSi, myudro, mwvaneSi<br />

Caflul quCaze, `xruSCovis~ binaSi cxovrobs 86 wlis sandomiani,<br />

cocxalTvaleba da mkvircxli gonebis qarTveli<br />

mandilosani. igi sabWoTa kavSiris istoriaSi arasodes ar<br />

asrulebda raime mniSvnelovan politikur rols, magram<br />

TiTqmis TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi iyo sabWoTa kav-<br />

Siris upirvelesi ledi, meuRle kacisa, vis saxels dResac<br />

erTgvari SiSiT da krZalviT vaxsenebT _ lavrenti beria!~<br />

(`7 dRis~ informacia).<br />

5. mizez-Sedegobrivi lidi. rogorc misi dasaxelebidanac<br />

Cans, am tipis lidisTvis damaxasiaTebelia mizez-<br />

57

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Sedegobrivi kavSiris arseboba. mizezic da Sedegic, Sesa-<br />

Zloa, erT abzacSi iyos mocemuli, SesaZloa, isini ramdenime<br />

fraziT, an abzaciTac ki iyvnen daSorebuli _ gemovnebis<br />

da ostatobis saqmea. am tipis lidebis erTi damaxasiaTebeli<br />

niSani isic aris, rom xSirad jer Sedegzea<br />

saubari, mere _ mizezze.<br />

`giorgi jabauri kidev erTi `Cekistia~, vinc mis mimarT<br />

ganxorcielebuli represiebis gamo, sasamarTlos sar-<br />

CeliT mimarTa. uSiSroebis oficeri reabilitacias da<br />

misTvis miyenebuli moraluri zaralis anazRaurebas _ 10<br />

aTas dolars iTxovs~ (`dronis~ informacia).<br />

6. lidi _ `cru manevri~. es aris efeqturi dasawyisi<br />

kvanZis gaxsniT. mkiTxvels uyvars mwvave SegrZnebebi da<br />

avtoric `TamaSobs~ _ iwyebs saocar istorias da mas moulodneli<br />

faqtiT amTavrebs. aseTi lidis gamoyenebisas Zalian<br />

didi sifrTxilea saWiro _ mkiTxvelma SeiZleba ar<br />

gapatios imedis gacrueba da Tqveni nawerebi aRarasodes<br />

waikiTxos.<br />

`argentinel vampirebs garegnulad araferi aqvT saer-<br />

To savalalod saxelganTqmul graf drakulasTan, Tumca,<br />

Cakos provinciis mosaxleobas maTi xsenebac ki SiSis zarsa<br />

scems. Ramis sibneleSi isini uCumrad Tavs esxmian msxverpls,<br />

sxeulSi basr kbilebs arWoben da sisxls swoven. nakbenis<br />

adgilas ki odnav SesamCnev naWrilobevs toveben.<br />

pirutyvis sisxlis msmeli Ramurebi did zians ayeneben<br />

Cakos provinciis mesaqonleobas...~ (prof. CeredniCenkos<br />

informacia).<br />

7. dramatuli lidi. teqstidan gamotanilia, avtoris<br />

azriT, yvelaze dramatuli momenti. xSirad, aseTi lidi<br />

win uZRvis saomari moqmedebebis, avariebis, katastrofebis,<br />

danaSaulobebisadmi miZRvnil masalebs.<br />

`Tormetis TxuTmet wuTze texuris quCidan Ciqovanis<br />

quCaze eskorti Sevida. maSinve gaisma gamayruebeli<br />

afeTqebis xma. Zveli, wiTeli `zaporoJeci~ haerSi afrinda<br />

da uamrav namsxvrevad gaiSala. irgvliv yvela saxlis fanjara<br />

Cailewa.<br />

xuTi wlis oTar eraZe veRarasodes iTamaSebs fexburTs<br />

_ igi afeTqebis talRam mokla. daiRupa kidev oTxi ada-<br />

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miani. ocamde kacma seriozuli travma miiRo~ (`saqarTvelos<br />

respublikis~ informacia).<br />

8. istoriuli lidi. avtori, mkiTxvelis yuradRebis<br />

misapyrobad, istoriidan ixsenebs romelime saintereso<br />

faqts, romelic Tavisi SinaarsiT ukavSirdeba statiaSi<br />

aRweril movlenas.<br />

`1989 wlis 9 aprils tragediiT damTavrda saqarTvelos<br />

istoriaSi erT-erTi ugrZesi saprotesto mitingi _ xelisufleba<br />

sastikad gausworda momitingeebs, daiRupa 16<br />

udanaSaulo adamiani~ (`mimomxilvelis~ informacia).<br />

`1511 wels ufliswulma giorgim RalatiT mokla mSobeli<br />

mama _ mefe aleqsandre pirveli, Tvalebi daTxara<br />

Zmas, dimitris da oriode wliT daisakuTra kaxeTis mefis<br />

taxti.<br />

mamis mkvlelsa da aramzadas STamomavloba dResac ase<br />

moixseniebs _ `avgiorgi~ (`Tbilisis~ informacia).<br />

9. lidi `va-banki~. avtori cdilobs pirvelive winadadebiT<br />

gaaognos, aaforiaqos mkiTxveli. arc erTi litoni<br />

sityva, arc erTi yalbi nota! `nasroli~ aucileblad<br />

`aTianSi~ unda moxvdes, sxvanairad yvelaferi daRupulia.<br />

aseT lids mimarTaven gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani,<br />

xSirad, ukve gaxmaurebuli informaciis Semcveli statiis<br />

(rogorc wesi, publicisturis) gamoqveynebisas. avtors<br />

unda hqondes asprocentiani garantia, rom misi naTqvami<br />

mkiTxvelSi zustad navaraudev emociebs gamoiwvevs. riski<br />

Zalian didia. Tu warmatebaSi odnav mainc geparebaT eWvi,<br />

sjobs Tavi SeikavoT da gakafuli gziT iaroT. amisTvis<br />

aravin dagZraxavT. am tipis lidis SeTxzvas niWTan erTad<br />

didi gamocdileba, sityvis udidesi grZnoba da virtuozuli<br />

ostatoba sWirdeba. Tu darwmunebuli xarT, rom<br />

yvelaferi es gaqvT, miT ufro meti sifrTxile gmarTebT<br />

_ Tqven genialobasa da banalobas Soris gadebul bewvis<br />

xidze gadixarT.<br />

amgvari Sesavlis klasikur nimuSad iTvleba 1906 wels<br />

san-franciskoSi momxdari gamanadgurebeli miwisZvrisadmi<br />

miZRvnili jek londonis* statiis pirveli winadadeba:<br />

`san-francisko aRar arsebobs~.<br />

statiis avtorisTvis sakuTriv amgvari Sinaarsis lidis<br />

59

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Seqmna ki ar aris safrTxe, an gadaulaxavi siZnele, uaRresad<br />

Znelia Tqvens mier ukve pirvel frazaSi naTqvamis<br />

dasabuTeba, mkiTxvelis darwmuneba, rom es marTlac asea.<br />

ar daiviwyoT, rom Zalian xSirad mkiTxvels misTvis kargad<br />

nacnob Temaze e<strong>saubrebi</strong>T.<br />

am tipis lidis kidev erT nimuSs SemogTavazebT: `samarisebur<br />

siCumeSi TiTqos Soridan moisma mosamarTlis<br />

mrisxane sityvebi: `danaSaulisTvis, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia<br />

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis...~<br />

braldebuli skamze daeSva, saxeze xelebi aifara da ise<br />

moismina ukanaskneli fraza: `miesajos sasjelis gansakuTrebuli<br />

zoma _ sikvdili...~<br />

gansasjelis skamze ijda kaci, romelsac sul cota<br />

xnis win taSs ukravda mTeli msoflio~ (`Tbilisis~ informacia).<br />

10. lidi-remarka. es franguli sityva (remarque) SeniSvnas,<br />

minawersac niSnavs da piesaSi axali moqmedebis dawyebis<br />

win scenis aRwerasac. amgvari lidebi xSirad gamoiyeneba<br />

iseTi Jurnalisturi JanriT sargeblobisas, rogoricaa<br />

narkvevi an Canaxati. Tumca, vinaidan Jurnalistika ar aris<br />

zusti mecniereba (me Tu mkiTxavT, Jurnalistika, saer-<br />

Tod, ar aris mecniereba!), nebismieri Sinaarsis statias SegiZliaT<br />

miusadagoT nebismieri tipis lidi.<br />

amis magaliTsac SemogaSvelebT:<br />

`mxatvris Raribuli naTeli oTaxi; SuagulSi _ miviwyebuli<br />

molberti; magidaze _ SeniSvnebiT aWrelebuli<br />

qaRaldebi; kedlebze naxatebi da wignebi; haerSi _ sigaretis<br />

sqeli boli. gareT Tbili wvima modis, magidas samni<br />

usxedan da cxovrebis amaoebaze saubroben~ (`dronis~ informacia).<br />

rogorc xedavT, lidi aSkarad remarkis stilisaa. statia<br />

ki sulac ar miekuTvneba narkvevis an Canaxatebis Janrs<br />

_ es ufro aris mSvenieri poeturi krebulis mxatvruli<br />

recenzia. Tumca, girCevT winaswar guls nu gadailevT jer<br />

kidev dauwereli statiebis tipebsa da Janrebze fiqriT.<br />

ubralod, unda icodeT maTi arsebobis Sesaxeb. praqtikul<br />

saqmianobaSi maTi gamoyenebis gzebs ki TviTon praqtika gikarnaxebT.<br />

arsebobs erTi Zalian ubralo da ukvdavi wesic:<br />

60

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jer unda SeqmnaT nawarmoebi Tavisi rubrikiT, saTauriT,<br />

qvesaTauriT, lidiT, epilogiT, daskvniTa Tu SegonebiT<br />

da mere ifiqroT mis romelime Janrze mikuTvnebaze, mis<br />

kompoziciur agebulebaze, Tundac, _ lidis stilze. Tu<br />

verafers moifiqrebT, amiTac bevri araferi daSavdeba<br />

_ gaagrZeleT mkiTxvelisTvis saintereso nawarmoebebis<br />

Seqmna, maTi mecnieruli Seswavla ki Jurnalistikis Teoretikosebs<br />

dauTmeT. ai, imaT, Jurnalistikis sferoSi<br />

Teoriulad yvelaferi rom ician da praqtikulad arafers<br />

ar akeTeben.<br />

lidebze saubari ise gagviWianurda, albaT, Tavi mogawyineT<br />

kidec. ras vizamT, rogorc didi proletaruli mwerali,<br />

maqsim gorki (aleqsei peSkovi) ambobda, xelovneba<br />

msxverpls moiTxovs. Jurnalistika ki xelovnebaa.<br />

11. lidi _ ironia. albaT uCemodac mixvdiT, rom<br />

statiis (an saubris) dasawyisSi avtori raRac movlenis<br />

sailustraciod da mkiTxvelis keTilganwyobis mosapoveblad<br />

ironias iyenebs. amgvari lidebis didostatad Tavis<br />

droze iTvleboda saqarTvelos televiziis pirveli<br />

arxis wamyvani, programa `energiis~ avtori, merab beraZe.<br />

Zalian saWiro gamogonebaze, biurokratiaze, usamarTlobaze,<br />

mokled, useriozules Temaze saubars batoni beraZe<br />

daaxloebiT ase iwyebda:<br />

`svans qalaqidan stumari ewvia, soflis daTvalierebis<br />

dros SeniSna, koSkidan viRac Tofs umiznebda da SeSinebuli<br />

maspinZels mivarda _ ariqa, mgoni mklaven, rame miSveleo.<br />

_ mag saqmes veRarafers vuSveli, magram nu idardeb _<br />

magasac miuva stumari da aucileblad aviReb Sens sisxlso,<br />

_ daamSvida maspinZelma~.<br />

amas Jurnalisti yovelgvari Sesavlis gareSe giambobT<br />

da Zalian swrafad axerxebs Tqveni keTilganwyobis mopovebas<br />

_ Tqven bolomde uyurebT beraZis telegadacemas.<br />

`oTxmociani wlebis bolos civilizebuli samyaro<br />

SeZra cnobam, rom qarTulma sabWoTa sukma daxoca qarTuli<br />

erovnul-gamaTavisuflebeli moZraobis didi<br />

lideris umanko qaTmebi! daxoca ara tradiciulad _ daniT<br />

yelis gamoWriT, aramed barbarosulad _ masobrivi<br />

61

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ganadgurebis iaraRis (sawamlavis) gamoyenebiT (`saqarTvelos<br />

respublikis~ informacia).<br />

avtoris ironia aSkara da Seufaravia. cxadia, mas yofili<br />

`didi lideris~ qaTmebis bedi ar ainteresebs. da<br />

Tqvenc iZulebuli xdebiT ZiriTad teqstSi moZebnoT pasuxi<br />

kiTxvaze _ risi Tqma unda avtors.<br />

ironiuli saTaurisa da Sesavlis kidev erT magaliTs<br />

SemogTavazebT da lidebze saubari amiT davamTavroT:<br />

naRmi `samSobloSi~<br />

orSabaTi, 1991 wlis 22 ianvari sxva dReebisgan arafriT<br />

gamoirCeoda _ gastronomebi Zveleburad carieli<br />

iyo, kvercxis rigSi uamravi adamiani idga. bazris fasebi<br />

Tavqudmoglejili* garboda. xalxi Zveleburad lanZRavda<br />

`adamon nixass~, os eqstremistebs da, rasakvirvelia,<br />

gorbaCovsac~* (`7 dRis~ informacia).<br />

saTauridan gamomdinare, mkiTxveli, cota ar iyos, Semcbari<br />

da aforiaqebulia _ es is droa, roca naRmi, pirdapiri<br />

gagebiT, marTlac SeiZleba yvelgan aRmoCeniliyo.<br />

Tumca, ironiuli dasawyisis gacnobisTanave igi mSviddeba<br />

da interesiT kiTxulobs teqsts, sadac araferia naTqvami<br />

arc cariel gastronomiul maRaziebze, arc osur moZraoba<br />

`adamon nixasze~ da, ra Tqma unda, arc sabWoTa kavSiris<br />

pirvel da ukanasknel prezident mixail gorbaCovze.<br />

rubrika<br />

Rubrika laTinuri sityvaa (ruber _ wiTeli) da niSnavs kanonis<br />

saTaurs, romelsac Zveli romaelebi wiTeli saRebaviT<br />

werdnen. Tanamedrove interpretaciiT, es aris ganyofilebis<br />

saTauri gazeTSi, JurnalSi an telegadacemaSi.<br />

saqmeSi Cauxedav adamianebs xSirad gulwrfelad akvirvebT,<br />

vin kiTxulobs an rogor kiTxulobs sqeltanian<br />

gazeTebs. pasuxi ubralo da prozaulia _ Tavidan<br />

bolomde gazeTebs aravin ar kiTxulobs. kiTxuloben mxolod<br />

imas, rac ainteresebT. aqve Cndeba meore kiTxvac:<br />

ra principiT unda ipovo saintereso masala asgverdian<br />

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gazeTSi? Zalian iolad _ ici, sad eZebo `Seni~ rubrika.<br />

igi, rogorc saTauri, lidi da bevri sxva ram, emsaxureba<br />

mkiTxvelis interesebs.<br />

Tanamedrove msoflioSi urubriko gamocema warmoudgenelia<br />

_ isini TviT saskolo gazeTebSic ki damkvidrda.<br />

rubrikis mizania, mkiTxvels gazeTSi an JurnalSi<br />

swrafad apovninos misTvis saWiro Tema. ukeT rom vTqvaT,<br />

presis rubrikacia masalebis Tematurad dalagebas da<br />

Temebis dasaTaurebas niSnavs. marTalia, sxvadasxva gamocemas<br />

Temebis rubrikaciis mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli<br />

manera aqvs, magram mkiTxvels es mxolod uadvilebs<br />

amocanas.<br />

mravalgverdiani (32, 48 gverdi da meti) gazeTebi, rogorc<br />

wesi, dalagebulia e.w. `rveulebad~. erTi `rveuli~<br />

erTi mTavari rubrikiTaa gaerTianebuli: `politika~,<br />

`ekonomika~, `socialuri sfero~, `samarTali~, `saerTa-<br />

Soriso cxovreba~, `moda~, `sporti~ da sxva. yoveli mTavari<br />

rubrika Tavis mxriv iyofa SedarebiT lokalur<br />

Temebad, es ukanaskneli _ kidev ufro wvrilman Temebad<br />

da ase Semdeg.<br />

16-dan 32 gverdamde formatis gazeTebis rubrikacia,<br />

rogorc wesi, gverdebis mixedviT keTdeba. erTi rubrika<br />

moicavs gazeTis erT an or, iSviaTad, sam gverds. XX saukunis<br />

90-iani wlebis qarTul presaSi amis bevri magaliTia _<br />

`droni~, `7 dRe~, `mimomxilveli~, `rezonansi~ da sxva.<br />

rubrikaciis e.w. `Sereuli~ stilis mimdevaria Zalian<br />

popularuli da Zalian simpaTiuri rusuli gazeTi `Аргументы<br />

и факты~. misi zogi gverdi erTi rubrikiTaa gaer-<br />

Tianebuli, zog gverdze ramdenimea. gverdebis rubrikebi<br />

daaxloebiT aseTi Sinaarsisaa: 1. politika; 2. pirovneba; 3.<br />

sazogadoeba; 4. ekonomika; 5 saxli, quCa, qalaqi; 6. peterburgi;<br />

7. kultura; 8. moskovi; 9. riskis zona; 10. ukukav-<br />

Siri; 11. wvrilmani (подробности); 12. sporti; 13. televizia;<br />

14. `a da f~ gTavazobT; 15. saxeebi...<br />

amave gazeTSi friad originalurad da sainteresodaa<br />

gadawyvetili yoveli statiis rubrikaciis problema.<br />

Tavad gansajeT: `bagiris gadaweva~, `moskovuri korida~,<br />

`garCevebi~, `axla amindzec~, `Ratakebi rom ar iyvnen~,<br />

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`sulis yivili~, `naxatebi konvertidan~, `banditebi~, `sadac<br />

delikatesi izrdeba~, `sadRac wavlen, sadRac mivlen~<br />

da ase Semdeg. albaT, imis Tqma saWiro aRar unda iyos, rom<br />

uSualod Temebis rubrikebis dasaxeleba TviT Temebis Sinaarsis<br />

mixedviT mudmivad icvleba. stabiluria mxolod<br />

gverdebis rubrikacia. amitom mkiTxvels misTvis saintereso<br />

masalis povna sulac ar uWirs.<br />

seriozuli gamocemebi, rogorc wesi, `mZime~ rubrikebs<br />

(`politika~, `ekonomika~ `samarTali~...) gazeTebis wina<br />

gverdebze aTavseben. gansakuTrebiT saintereso, `sazogadoebrivi<br />

JReradobis~ prestiJul masalebs gazeTis<br />

centralur gverdebze ganaweseben xolme. sagulisxmoa,<br />

rom seriozuli gamocemebi SeZlebisdagvarad eridebian<br />

gazeTSi rubrikebis adgilebis cvlas. momaval redaqtorebsac<br />

amas vurCev: principuli mniSvneloba ara aqvs,<br />

gazeTis (Jurnalis) romel gverds romel rubrikas dauTmobT,<br />

mTavaria, isini ar vcvaloT, Torem masalebis rubrikacia<br />

Tavis daniSnulebas dakargavs. es niSnavs, rom Tqveni<br />

gazeTi erTguli mkiTxvelebis naxevars mainc daemSvidobeba.<br />

Tumca, SegiZliaT arc damijeroT _ Cven, namdvili qarTvelebi<br />

xom sxvisas ki ara, sakuTar gamocdilebasac ar<br />

vendobiT!<br />

kidev erT nimuSad, gansakuTrebiT mamakacebSi sakmaod<br />

popularul Jurnals, `Клаксон~-s SemogTavazebT.<br />

gverdebis rubrikebi: `brifingi~, `oqmi, informacia~,<br />

`gzajvaredini~, `avtomobili da biznesi~, `msoflio premiera~,<br />

`praqtika, analizi, rCevebi~, `saaxalwlo saCuqari~,<br />

`rusuli bazris siaxleebi~, `mrgvali magida~, saubris<br />

sababi~, `avtomobili zogierTebisTvis~, `klubi `ori borbali~...<br />

barem ufro `davwvrilmandeT~: `sabaJo~, `frTxilad,<br />

siyalbea!~ `fiasko~, `rogor midis Tqveni saqme?~, `sainformacio<br />

wyaroebidan~ (saerTo rubrika _ `oqmi, informacia~);<br />

`ex, gzebi...~, `sakredito xazi~, `eqsperimenti~,<br />

`maxlobeli sazRvargareTi~, `sufTa ezo~, `axali ambebi~<br />

(`gzajvaredini~); `gigantebis cxovrebidan~, `evropuli<br />

bazari~, `marketingi~, `NOTEBOOK~, `daniSvna~, (`avtomo-<br />

64

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ili da biznesi~); `gadasaxadebi~, `aqsesuarebi~, `Spargalka~<br />

(`praqtika, analizi, rCevebi~).<br />

ra Tqma unda, SemeZlo mometana sxva uamravi magaliTi<br />

msoflios popularuli Jurnal-gazeTebidan, magram sanimuSod,<br />

vfiqrob, esec sakmarisi unda iyos.<br />

nuravin ifiqrebs, rom komunisturma presam rubrikebis<br />

sikeTe ar icoda an mkiTxvelTa dainteresebis am meTods<br />

ar iyenebda. icoda da iyenebda kidec, oRond, Taviseburad:<br />

sabWoTa respublikebis ambebi gadmoicemoda rubrikiT<br />

`Cvens diad sabWoeTSi~, kapitalisturi ucxoeTisa _ `rkinis<br />

fardis miRma~, `iq, sadac batonobs kapitali~, an `Zia<br />

semis samSobloSi~; kriminaluri qronikebisa _ `mgeli cxvris<br />

qurqSi~; ekonomikisa _ `socSejibris droSiT~; gana-<br />

Tlebisa _ `Zia leninis anderZi~; axalgazrdobisa _ `komkavSiri<br />

pataks abarebs~, sabavSvosi _ `norCi leninelebi~...<br />

saqme zogjer marTlac daujerebel kuriozebamde<br />

midioda _ erTi sportuli gazeTi, xazs vusvam, sportuli<br />

gazeTi sistematurad aqveynebda sportul informaciebs<br />

rubrikiT... `cota ram sportis Sesaxeb!~<br />

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Tavi IV<br />

sagazeTo ena da stili<br />

odesRac, roca mxolod mkiTxveli viyavi, gulubryvilod<br />

vfiqrobdi, rom ar arsebobda araviTari gansakuTrebuli<br />

`sagazeTo ena da stili~. mere mivxvdi, rom sagazeTos<br />

garda, arsebobs kidev saoqmo, iuridiuli, diplomatiuri,<br />

samTavrobo, satelevizio, satelefono, qurduli,<br />

policiuri, bazruli enebi da am enebze metyvelebis<br />

sul mcire, oTxi stili: kapasuri, avaruli, anCxluri da<br />

aSaruli.<br />

es, ra Tqma unda xumrobaa, magram iseTi xumroba Sevarcxvine,<br />

sadac WeSmariteba ar urevia _ enebisa ra mogaxsenoT,<br />

magram daaxloebiT aseTi mimarTulebis Jargonebi<br />

qarTul da sxva enebzec namdvilad arsebobs.<br />

vfiqrob, termini `sagazeTo ena~ mTlad gamarTuliG A ar<br />

unda iyos. albaT, ufro zusti iqneboda, gveTqva `sagazeTo<br />

Jargoni~. Tumca, amaze saubari ukve dagvianebulia _ `sagazeTo<br />

ena~ damkvidrebulia da gulisxmobs raRac saSualos<br />

saliteraturo enasa da profesiul Jargons Soris.<br />

rac axla mogaxseneT, albaT, sakamaTo mosazrebaa. enis<br />

specialistebi, Seqmnili viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, albaT<br />

daadgenen saliteraturo da sagazeTo-satelevizio<br />

qarTuli enis moqmedebis sazRvrebs. iqamde jer sakmaod<br />

Soria. manamde imaze visaubroT, rac realurad gvaqvs. sagazeTo<br />

enisa da stilis arseboba ki Tanamedrove pirobebSi<br />

araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs.<br />

Zalian mokled, es aris yovlad Cveulebrivi qarTuli<br />

saliteraturo ena zogierTi mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli<br />

TaviseburebiT. swored am Taviseburebebze unda visaubroT<br />

da, rac mTavaria, momavalSi gamoviyenoT kidec.<br />

Tanamedrove Jurnalistikis moTxovnebidan gamomdinare,<br />

Jurnalistma saTqmeli unda Tqvas mokled, sxartad<br />

da racionalurad, anu rac SeiZleba naklebi sityvebiT<br />

gadmosces rac SeiZleba meti informacia. Tanac, es unda<br />

gakeTdes maqsimalurad swrafad.<br />

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odesRac mec mqonda sabWoTa presaSi muSaobis bedniereba<br />

da SemiZlia kategoriulad vamtkico: sabWoTa da<br />

Tavisufal presas Soris gansxvaveba uzarmazaria. maSin<br />

presa iyo iaraRi mmarTveli partiis xelSi. amitomac aravis<br />

ukvirda, roca yvela mokavSire respublikaSi gamomavali<br />

yvela gazeTi erTdroulad pirvel gverdze beWdavda<br />

breJnevis sityvas da breJnevisadmi miZRvnil daaxloebiT<br />

amgvari Sinaarsis baraTebs:<br />

Zvirfaso leonid ilias Zev!<br />

Cven, abaSeli mesimindeebi aRfrTovanebuli varT skkp<br />

centraluri komitetis da piradad Tqveni, Zvirfaso leonid<br />

ilias Zev, brZnuli gadawyvetilebebiT, romlebsac<br />

CvenTvis, abaSeli mesimindeebisaTvis axal-axali warmatebebi<br />

moaqvs.<br />

partiul konferenciaze Tqveni gamosvla abaSelma mSromelebma,<br />

iseve, rogorc mTelma sabWoTa xalxma, aRviqviT,<br />

rogorc diadi mowodeba axali warmatebebisaken.<br />

Tqven, Cveno Zvirfaso amxanago leonid ilias Zev, xarT is<br />

manaTobeli Suqura, romliskenac iltvis msoflio proletariati,<br />

mTeli msoflios progresuli Zalebi. Cven Zal-<br />

Rones ar daviSurebT Tqvens mier dasaxuli amocanebis<br />

Sesasruleblad. pirobas vdebT...<br />

am enaze axla aRaravin metyvelebs. msoflios arc<br />

erTi Tavmoyvare gazeTi sakuTar Tavs uflebas ar miscems,<br />

sityvebis amgvari uazro braxabruxi gamoaqveynos.<br />

maSin qveyndeboda! metic, presis partiulobidan gamomdinare,<br />

aseTi Sinaarsis masalebis gamoqveyneba savaldebulo<br />

iyo.<br />

`dinamo~ im dRes mogvevlina erT muStad Sekrul Tavdadebul<br />

mebrZolTa razmad, sadac yvela erTisaTvis da<br />

erTi yvelasaTvis ibrZoda. ibrZoda da gaimarjva. es iyo<br />

gamarjveba gamarjvebaze meti, gamarjveba imedismomcemi<br />

da samagaliTo. samagaliTo mTeli erisTvis! axla, am<br />

Znelbedobis Jams sruliad saqarTvelos marTebs iseTive<br />

erTianoba da Tavdadeba, rogoric misi Svilebis erTma<br />

nawilma gamoiCina `dinamos~ stadionis mwvane mindorze~<br />

(`Tbilisis~ informacia).<br />

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modi, erTmaneTs SevadaroT raikomis romeliRac kabinetSi<br />

SeTxzuli `abaSeli mesimindeebis~ mimarTva da sportuli<br />

Jurnalistis xeliT dawerili safexburTo matCis<br />

angariSi. imis miuxedavad, rom am ori `literaturuli Zeglis~<br />

Seqmnis TariRebs Soris gansxvaveba soliduria, msgavseba<br />

fantastikuria: igive arafrismTqmeli maRalfardovneba,<br />

igive stili, igive gacveTili frazeologia, igive<br />

keklucoba, sazogadoebriv cnobierebaze zegavlenis moxdenis<br />

igive warumatebeli mcdeloba...<br />

ase wera, ra Tqma unda, sasaciloa, cudia, magram mainc,<br />

TviT XXI saukuneSic ki ase weren. zogi imis gamo, rom sxvanairad<br />

ar SeuZlia, zogi imis gamo, rom ase wera kargi<br />

hgonia. maRalfardovneba, Tundac Zalian maRal doneze<br />

Sesrulebuli, vnebs nebismieri Janris sagazeTo masalas.<br />

aq ar aris saubari maRalfardovnebis elementebis gamoyenebaze.<br />

zogjer es iqneb aucileblobam moiTxovos, magram<br />

didi sifrTxilea saWiro, rom `abaSeli mesimindis~ rolSi<br />

ar aRmoCnde.<br />

`guSinve gairkva, rom policia aviwroebs da sxdomis<br />

darbazSi arSeSvebiT emuqreba guram absanZis meuRlesac.<br />

ram gamoiwvia policiis aseTi gaaqtiureba, CvenTvis ucnobi<br />

darCa im motiviT, rom polkovnikma sityvis Tqmis Rirsadac<br />

ar CagvTvala~ (`axali Taobis~ informacia).<br />

sxvaTa Soris, presaSi xSiria `arSeSveba-argageba-ar-<br />

Camosvla-ardaSvebas~ msgavsi xelovnuri, gamogonili<br />

gramatikuli formebi (iseve, rogorc yovlad gaugebari<br />

`gadaWradi~, `mogvarebadi~, `Sesrulebadi~, `gakeTebadi~,<br />

`cnobadi~, `gaaJRera~, `gaaxmovana...~). Jurnalistma, etyoba,<br />

ar icis sityva `motivis~ mniSvneloba. Tanac, erTi sakmaod<br />

banaluri azris gamosaTqmelad rac SeiZleba meti<br />

sityvis gamoyenebas cdilobs: `ram gamoiwvia policiis<br />

aseTi gaaqtiureba, CvenTvis ucnobi darCa im motiviT, rom<br />

polkovnikma sityvis Tqmis Rirsadac ar CagvTvala~. albaT<br />

sjobda es azri Jurnalists daaxloebiT ase gamoeTqva:<br />

`policiis gaaqtiurebis mizezi ver davadgineT, vinaidan<br />

polkovnikma pasuxi ar gvaRirsa~.<br />

`gasuli weli arCil Coxelis karieraSi qarTvel sam-<br />

68

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istTa Soris saukunis mesame da wlis meore sportsmenis<br />

tituliT aRiniSna. Tumca, miuxedavad warmatebis baraqianobisa,<br />

mas TviTmyofadoba ar dauflebia~ (`dilis gaze-<br />

Tis~ informacia).<br />

aseTi yovlad uazro winadadebis gamogonebasac niWi<br />

unda! Jurnalistma ar icis, konkretuli azris gamosaxatavad<br />

romeli sityva unda gamoiyenos. iSviaTad, magram ase<br />

emarTeba ucxoels, romelmac icis sityvebi, magram maTTvis<br />

winadadebaSi adgilis miCenas ver axerxebs.<br />

Jurnalistma ar icis, rom `gasul wels~ qarTulad hqvia<br />

`SarSan~; rom sityvaTSeTanxmeba `warmatebis baraqianoba~<br />

alogikuria, suleluria da qarTul enaSi ar arsebobs;<br />

rom adamians SeiZleba daeuflos SiSi, siyvaruli, siZulvili,<br />

SimSili, kmayofilebac ki, magram `TviTmyofadobis<br />

daufleba~ yovlad warmoudgenelia!<br />

tiraJirebuli uazrobebis kidev ramdenime nimuSi vnaxoT<br />

da mere, iqneb, raime daskvnis gamotanac SevZloT. nimuSebi<br />

aRebulia gazeT `axali Taobidan~, Tumca, aseTi magaliTebi<br />

am epoqis nebismier gazeTSi SeiZleba Segvxvdes*:<br />

`moqkavSiri SevardnaZis SiSvel mdgomareobaSi datovebas<br />

ar dauSvebs~ (saTauri).<br />

`es erTgvari iniciativa, romelic `axali `fraqciis~<br />

iniciativiT gaformda, axali ar aris da bolo xuTi wlis<br />

ganmavlobaSi sxvadasxva politikur wreebSi gamudmebiT<br />

figurirebs~.<br />

`Sors var im azrisgan, rom mas raRacas vkarnaxobde da<br />

yvelas movuwodeb, am Temaze winaswar akviatebuli damajerebeli<br />

da aradamajerebeli argumentebiT baasi SewyvitoT~.<br />

`ar SeiZleba imaze saubari, rom Cven dRes kidev erTxel<br />

davmarcxdiT, an kapitulacias aqvs adgili~.<br />

`roca mosamarTles amaze miuTiTes Jurnalistebma,<br />

mosamarTlem naTqvams ignorireba gaukeTa~.<br />

`guram absanZis procesze msgavsi uprecendento SemTxveva<br />

meored moxda~.<br />

`Jurnalistebs man ubrZana, daekavebinaT is instancia,<br />

saidanac saerTod ar ismis gansasjelebis, TviT batoni<br />

69

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guram absanZis (mas yvelaze maRali xma aqvs) xmis gagonebac<br />

ki~.<br />

`Cven piriqiT, vicavdiT gansasjelebis uflebebs, ramac<br />

migviyvana iqamde, rom mosamarTlesTan SevediT polemikaSi~.<br />

`amrigad, me Tavi davizRvie amjerad~.<br />

da uamravi sxva.<br />

TiTqos ucnauria, magram TviT XXI saukunis dasawyisSic<br />

ki, saqarTveloSi ar arsebobda arc erTi, vimeoreb, arc<br />

erTi gazeTi, romelic enobrivi TvalsazrisiT ar scodavda.<br />

scodavda ki ara, qarTuli saliteraturo enisadmi<br />

presis damokidebuleba, ubralod, mkrexeluric ki iyo.<br />

gulaxdilad rom vTqva, presaSi gamoqveynebuli amgvari<br />

teqstebisTvis saxelis darqmeva Zalian miWirs. es iyo ra-<br />

Rac ufro meti, vidre, zogadad, uvicoba, upasuxismgebloba,<br />

an saqmisadmi usindiso damokidebulebaa.<br />

vcadoT, gavarkvioT, ra fenomenTan gvaqvs saqme. xolo<br />

ra SeiZleba mohyves mSobliuri enisadmi aseT damokidebulebas,<br />

es calke seriozuli kvlevis sagania.<br />

Zalian mokled ganvixiloT nebismieri zemoT moxmobili<br />

citata. magaliTad, ai, es:<br />

`roca mosamarTles amaze miuTiTes Jurnalistebma,<br />

mosamarTlem naTqvams ignorireba gaukeTa~.<br />

am winadadebis pirveli nawili vulgaruli maRalfardovnebis<br />

nimuSia: `roca mosamarTles amaze miuTiTes Jurnalistebma~.<br />

ociani wlebis cisferyanwelTa maneruli<br />

stili am winadadebas ise uxdeba, rogorc saxedars _ sayure.<br />

amis garda, am winadadebis avtori Tavs erTob briyvul<br />

viTarebaSi igdebs _ ra moraluri an iuridiuli ufleba<br />

aqvs Jurnalists `mosamarTles miuTiTos!?~ anu avtori<br />

ver erkveva umartives konstituciur normebSi. rac Seexeba<br />

gamoTqmas, `ignorireba gaukeTa~, esec uvicobis, ucxo<br />

sityviT keklucobis da mSobliuri enisadmi yovlad udieri<br />

damokidebulebis nimuSia. sjobda Jurnalists eTqva<br />

`mosamarTlem wauyrua~, `yuradReba ar miaqcia~, `ar upasuxa~,<br />

bolosdabolos _ `fexebze daikida~.<br />

zemoT moxmobili magaliTebi mxolod mSobliuri enis<br />

70

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ucodinrobis ki ara, zogadad, gaunaTleblobis bralia _<br />

Jurnalisti, erTi mxriv, ver poulobs saWiro sityvebs azris<br />

naTlad gadmosacemad, meore mxriv, arc raime naTeli<br />

azri aqvs. samagierod, sityvebis korianteliT sakuTari<br />

uvicobis SeniRbvas cdilobs da vinaidan misi namoRvawari<br />

gazeTis furclebze qveyndeba, amas aRwevs kidec.<br />

vidre xelSi kalams aiRebdeT da `fexi gaviqnie xeli~<br />

an `amrigad, me Tavi davizRvie amjerado~, dawerdeT, gaixseneT,<br />

redaqtoris Tvalis axveva an Tavbrus daxveva marTlac<br />

SesaZlebelia, mkiTxvelisTvis _ yovlad warmoudgenelia.<br />

isic gaiTvaliswineT, rom statiebi iwereba ara<br />

redaqtorisTvis, aramed, mkiTxvelisTvis.<br />

odesRac, vidre sainformacio sivrces da, Sesabamisad,<br />

Cvens gonebas televizia daipyrobda, saqarTveloSi<br />

zRapruli popularobiT sargeblobda msaxiob erosi<br />

manjgalaZis safexburTo radioreportaJebi. msmenelebi<br />

oTxmocdaaTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi sulganabuli isxdnen<br />

reproduqtorebTan. maT ainteresebdaT ara marto<br />

matCis mimdinareoba da misi Sedegi, aramed radio-Sou<br />

uniWieresi msaxiobis SesrulebiT:<br />

`mimdinareobs TamaSis meore naxevris meoce wuTi. erTmaneTs<br />

xvdebian Tbilisis `dinamosa~ da iugoslaviis `olimpias~<br />

ostat fexburTelTa gundebi. angariSia oTxiT noli,<br />

oTxiT noli TbiliselTa sasargeblod. jarima. daartyamen<br />

Cveni stumrebi, iugoslavielebi. Cvens karamde iqneba,<br />

ase, 40-45 metri. emzadebian. Tu iugoslavielebi am jarimas<br />

gaitanen, angariSi gaxdeba... axlave mogaxsenebT, angariSia<br />

4:0, ese igi, angariSi gaxdeba 4:1 TbiliselTa sasargeblod.<br />

uefas Tasis gaTamaSebas rom gamoveTiSoT, maSin sapasuxo<br />

matCi liublianaSi unda wavagoT angariSiT 4:0 an 5:1. dartyma...<br />

aris! ram damawyebina, kaco, es laparaki, a?..~<br />

erosi manjgalaZis radioreportaJebze dResac legendebi<br />

dadis. axla warmoidgineT, iqneboda Tu ara igi popularuli<br />

komentatori, aseTi teqstebiT rom elaparaka:<br />

`marjvena mxridan Seteva ganaxorciela...~ `SetevaSia<br />

giorgi kiknaZe...~ `yavelaSvilma jamarauls pasi gaukeTa...~<br />

`bavarielebi centrSi Zalebis akumulirebas axdenen...~,<br />

`bukvalurad SeiZleba iTqvas..~<br />

71

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es gamoTqmebi me ar gamomigonia. bevri qarTveli sportuli<br />

komentatori, samwuxarod, marTlac ase laparakobs<br />

da kidev ufro uaresad _ wers. isini sakuTar Tavs sportis<br />

romelime saxeobis specialistebs uwodeben. albaT,<br />

asecaa, magram maT naambobs rom Tavs da bolos ver gaugeb,<br />

esec marTalia.<br />

`pasi gaukeTas~ sindromi, vfiqrob, rusicizmebidan<br />

unda modiodes (сделал пас). postkomunistur saqarTveloSi<br />

cota ucnauri viTareba Seiqmna. totaluri rusulenovani<br />

saqmis warmoeba warsuls Cabarda da imave saqmis literaturul<br />

qarTul enaze sakeTeblad veravin moicala. amitom<br />

im sityvebs vxmarobT, rac pirvelad gagvaxsendeba.<br />

`bukvalurad rom vTqva~, rusuli daviviwyeT da mSobliuri<br />

qarTulic ver viswavleT.<br />

sagazeTo statiebSi Zalian xSirad gvxvdeba e.w. Seusabamobani:<br />

`me davkiTxe SevardnaZe rusulad, radgan kargad<br />

vici rusuli da gavWedavdi, gavWede kidevac~ (`saqarTvelos<br />

respublikis~ informacia). am quCuri Jargonis<br />

(`gavWede~) gamoyenebiT, avtors surs Tqvas, rom prezident<br />

SevardnaZes logikiT ajoba, `kuTxeSi miimwyvdia~. xolo<br />

am `inteleqtualuri gmirobis~ saSualebad rusuli enis<br />

kargad codnas asaxelebs. es absurdia. rusuli enis srulyofilad<br />

codna SevardnaZis, an nebismieri sxva adamianis<br />

`kuTxeSi misamwyvdevad~ ar gamodgeba. es maSin iqneboda<br />

sakmarisi, SevardnaZes rusuli enis gramatikaSi gamocda<br />

rom hqonoda Casabarebeli.<br />

`profesoris xelfasi TveSi xuTasi maneTia. am fuliT<br />

bazarSi mxolod ori goWis yidva SeiZleba, e.i. profesori<br />

TveSi or goWad muSaobs. am dros ramdenia komerciuli<br />

maRaziis mepatronisa da misi TanamSromlebis Semosavali?<br />

Zalian bevri, imdenad bevri, rom profesorisas<br />

ramdenjerme aRemateba. samarTalia es?~ (`Tbilisis~ informacia).<br />

SegviZlia gulwrfelad vuTanagrZnoT Rarib profesors,<br />

magram ra SuaSia maRaziis mepatrone? avtors profesoris<br />

siRaribe vaWris brali hgonia da ara saxelmwifos<br />

araswori ekonomikuri politikisa.<br />

72

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erideT maRalfardovnebas!<br />

Tanamedrove presaSi maRalfardovnebisTvis adgili<br />

aRar rCeba. gTxovT, sworad gamigoT, vlaparakob ara sityvakazmulobaze,<br />

aramed maRalfardovnebaze. rogorc<br />

wesi, asidan oTxmocdacxramet SemTxvevaSi, uadgilo<br />

maRalfardovnebiT avtori sakuTari gonebrivi umweobis,<br />

uvicobis SeniRbvas cdilobs da... yovelTvis marcxdeba.<br />

weris e.w. `maRali Stili~, anu maRalfardovneba damaxasiaTebeli<br />

iyo komunisturi presisTvis da memkvidreobiT<br />

miiRo postkomunisturma politizebulma presam. arsebobs<br />

maRalfardovnebis ramdenime saxeoba.<br />

namdvili maRalfardovneba. es aris maRal inteleqtualur<br />

doneze Sesrulebuli presisTvis gankuTvnili<br />

maRalfardovani literatura. ufro xSirad, es aris<br />

romelime literaturuli nawarmoebis ganxilva, cnobili<br />

pirovnebis saiubileo TariRisadmi miZRvnili nawarmoebi,<br />

faqtis an pirovnebis gaxseneba, politikuri polemika<br />

da sxva.<br />

maRalfardovnebis mizania sityvebis TamaSiT, winadadebebis<br />

konstruqciebiT azris rac SeiZleba lamazad,<br />

emociurad gadmocema da amiT mkiTxvelis cnobierebaze<br />

zemoqmedeba.<br />

`ara, TaraS, es ar moxdeba _ ukvdavebas ver klaven,<br />

saqarTvelo ki ukvdavia da Tu mokvdeba, mzesTan erTad<br />

mokvdeba...<br />

ra vTqvaT, aseTi jilagis da Toxumis xalxi varT qarTvelebi<br />

_ mtrobas da wyenas didxans ver viCerebT<br />

gulSi. im dRes, TaraS, universitetSi leqciaze miviCqari,<br />

magviandeba da lamis sakuTar Tavs gavuswro. vxedav, erTi<br />

Cemi nacnobi profesori modis, erovnebiT osi*. modis da<br />

modenis fiqrebis naxirs, Tvalebis aweva uWirs, mZimed<br />

moiqnevs CanTas. mxarTan gamisriala misma mzeram da viTom<br />

ver daminaxa, ufro Rrmad CaRuna Tavi... mivedi, mivesalme<br />

da gadavkocne, rogorc adre... iqneb es aris Cveni qarTuli<br />

sisuste, TaraS. iqneb amitom dagvafrindeba xolme mxarze<br />

yorani?!~ (`Tbilisis~ informacia).<br />

es aris profesor jemal afciauris epistolaruli Jan-<br />

73

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is maRalfardovneba _ avtori saqarTveloSi Seqmnil<br />

politikur viTarebaze esaubreba Tavis odindel megobars,<br />

TaraSs. am werils A-3 formatis gazeTis mTeli gverdi<br />

uWiravs. miuxedavad maRalfardovnebisa, igi Tavidan<br />

bolomdec ki SeiZleba waikiTxoT. es aris avtoris, profesor<br />

afciauris damsaxureba. man icis, rogor imoqmedos<br />

mkiTxvelze. Tumca, sabolood, misi Sroma mainc wyalSi gadayrilia<br />

_ maRalfardovnebisTvis, maT Soris, marTlac<br />

maRalinteleqtualuri donis maRalfardovnebisTvis,<br />

aRaravis scalia.<br />

maRalfardovnebis nimuSad SeiZleba CaiTvalos daTo<br />

maRraZis poeziisadmi miZRvnili es statiac:<br />

`...odesRac misi saimperatoro udidebulesobis favoriti,<br />

daRestnel meamboxeTa risxva, brwyinvale sefeqalebis<br />

gulTa mpyrobeli, ganTqmuli Tamada da<br />

moleqse, aw ukve gadamdgari, martosuli generali sevdianad<br />

igonebs warsuls: `maxsovs, trfobaSi damTarses,<br />

guls axlac kvamli evleba, sityvad iwvima qaRaldze Sekavebulma<br />

cremlebma...~<br />

generalma mSvenivrad icis sakuTari Tavis fasic da sakuTari<br />

nakeTebisac _ omSi mrisxane da daundobeli iyo,<br />

qeifSi _ Tavawyvetili, megobrebSi _ yoCi, qalebSi _<br />

ubadlo, tolebSi _ ubralo, sasaxleebSi _ qedmaRali:<br />

`kvamlSi vaxvevdi ramazans, mexze rom mexi damerTo, dilidan<br />

vWeqdi zarbazans, viTarca glovis kamertons. xan<br />

mereoda godeba, kanWSi mwvdeboda oRraSi, im qveynad daaxsomdebaT,<br />

aq rom gavade gograSi...~<br />

diax, es grigol orbeliania, sinamdviled rom aqcia<br />

mwuxare saxis raindis _ don kixot lamanCelis aTasi wlis<br />

naocnebari: `vinc mxne lamanCels icnobda, mwuxare saxis<br />

baziers... rasac is datingicobda, me sinamdviled vaqcie~.<br />

`...exr, Rrafinia~! amqveynad xom yvelaferi warmavalia:<br />

siZulvilica da siyvarulic, dardic, vaebac, sixarulic<br />

da siamovnebac. axla yvelasgan daviwyebul, yavlgasul,<br />

usaqmod darCenil generals sisxlnasvami xmali sadRac<br />

kuTxeSi uJangdeba, aqselbandebs wvima usvelebs, sefeqalebic<br />

aRar exvevian. aRarc omebia, aRarc duelia, aRarc<br />

Zveli biWebia da aRarc orTaWalis baRebi. beberi nagener-<br />

74

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lari perovis quCis kafeSi TavCaqindruli zis da zizRiT<br />

usmens ucxo jazur musikas.<br />

me nikalasTan erTad gaxldiT orTaWalis duqanSi, jambazTa<br />

yiJinam rom daigrgvina*, mefe-imperatori, nikoloz<br />

meore Camoagdeso. maSin nikalam TanagrZnobiT gaxeda mefis<br />

portrets da naRvlianad Cailaparaka: `ra uiRblo<br />

yofila Cemi sexnia~. Cven erTad movxateT Tbilisuri<br />

duqnebi, erTad vaJRrialebdiT xarfuxSi arRans da erTad<br />

vetrfodiT umSvenieres margaritas. erTad mivdiodiT<br />

kaxeTSi da erTad gvevseboda cremlebiT Tvali, xbos rom<br />

dasaklavad wamoaqcevdnen... (`dronis~ informacia).<br />

araviTari epiTetebi poetis misamarTiT, araviTari gadakruli<br />

sityvac ki maRraZis poeziaze _ avtori saubrobs<br />

sakuTar emociaze, masSi poetis leqsebs rom aRuZravs.<br />

mkiTxveli pirvelive striqonebidan rwmundeba, rom<br />

statiis avtoris eniT TviT poeti esaubreba; rom, Tundac,<br />

ai, es sityvebi ekuTvnis poets da ara statiis avtors:<br />

`odesRac misi saimperatoro udidebulesobis favoriti,<br />

daRestnel meamboxeTa risxva, brwyinvale sefeqalebis<br />

gulTa mpyrobeli, ganTqmuli Tamada da moleqse, aw ukve<br />

gadamdgari martosuli generali sevdianad igonebs warsuls...~<br />

mkiTxvelis emocias isic aZlierebs, rom avtoris am sityvebs<br />

uSualod da bunebrivad mosdevs poeturi striqonebi:<br />

`maxsovs, trfobaSi damTarses, guls axlac kvamli evleba,<br />

sityvad iwvima qaRaldze Sekavebulma cremlebma...~<br />

mkiTxveli grZnobs avtoris gulwrfelobas, ufro zustad,<br />

mas avtori aiZulebs, irwmunos misi gulwrfeloba<br />

da amas axerxebs kidec _ poulobs saWiro sityvebs da<br />

aucilebel tons sakuTari emociebis mkiTxvelisTvis gadasacemad.<br />

ra Tqma unda, moyvanili nimuSi aris `dronSi~ gamoqveynebuli<br />

statiis nawili. am statiis sruli teqstis gamoqveynebidan<br />

ori wlis Semdeg kaxeTis erT-erT sofelSi,<br />

iqauri Suaxnis kaci, uSang xeteSvili, tradiciul qarTul<br />

sufraze TavdaviwyebiT kiTxulobda maRraZis leqsebs,<br />

oRond, arcerTi maTgani ar icoda Tavidan bolomde _<br />

gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli nawyvetebi daeswavla.<br />

75

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gulwrfelad mTxova, iqneb pativi damdo, maRraZis<br />

leqsebis wigni maSovnino da mere me vici da Cemma biWobamo.<br />

isic daayola, `dronSi~ iseTi rameebi wavikiTxe mag kacze,<br />

ueWvelad lazaTiani poeti iqnebao.<br />

mokled, is maRalfardovnebaa namdvili, kaxel glexs<br />

ucnobi poetis leqsebs rom waakiTxebs da Tvalze cremls<br />

moadens.<br />

gTxovT, erTmaneTSi nu aurevT maRalfardovnebas da<br />

sityvakazmulobas _ am wignSi sityvakazmulobis avkargianobaze<br />

msjeloba, saerTod, ar aris.<br />

cru maRalfardovneba. es aris presaSi Zlier fexmokidebuli<br />

daavadeba. rac ufro gamoucdelia, rac ufro<br />

gaunaTlebelia avtori, guli da xeli miT ufro gaurbis<br />

maRalfardovnebisken:<br />

`...samocdaaTi welia TavisuflebawarTmeuli qarTveli<br />

eri borgavs da gminavs Tavisi uflebebis aRsadgenad.<br />

madloba RmerTs, gvyvandnen eriskacni, gamudmebiT rom<br />

gvafxizlebdnen da gvamxnevebdnen, axlac, am aboboqrebulsa<br />

da afofril saqarTveloSic gvyavs eriskaci da<br />

winamZRoli, batoni zviad gamsaxurdia. gavyveT, vendoT<br />

Cvens winamZRols, mis alRosa da Wkuas, radgan erovnulsa<br />

da politikur moRvawes aqvs niWi, unari _ samSoblos damoukideblobis<br />

mopovebisa.<br />

...didxans TaTbirobdnen uxucesni.<br />

bolos erTi maTgani gamoeyo moTaTbireT, miuaxlovda<br />

messias, pirjvari gadasaxa da eris mamoba miuloca...<br />

qriste aRsdga! _ daWeqa eris sulis naTlulma.<br />

_ WeSmaritad! _ daiquxes yoveli mxridan~. (`Tbilisis~<br />

informacia).<br />

avtors surs mxari dauWiros prezidentobis kandidats.<br />

ufro zustad, surs amomrCevels warudginos xalxisTvis<br />

wamebuli raindi da am mizniT yalb maRalfardovnebas<br />

irCevs. Sedegi, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, sasurvelis<br />

sawinaaRmdegoa.<br />

`qali amasobaSi nela wamoimarTa. sanTlebi cimcimebdnen.<br />

RvTismSobeli, rogorc yovelTvis, axlac mowyale<br />

iyo. wminda giorgis ki mkveTrad emCneoda TvalebSi<br />

naRveli da mkacri sevda. naTelmofenili taZridan nela<br />

76

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gadioda fermixdili qali, romelsac daWrili frTebiviT<br />

misdevda cisferi, nisliviT Txeli da gamWvirvale mosasxami~<br />

(`Tbilisis~ informacia).<br />

rogorc wesi, ase weren 14-dan 17 wlamde asakis axalgazrdebi,<br />

anu es aris literaturuli varjiSi, romlis adgili<br />

ar SeiZleba iyos mexuTe-merve klasis sakontrolo weris<br />

rveulebSi, miT ufro _ seriozul presaSi.<br />

`qalaqs moedo sazareli ambavi _ universitetis ezoSi<br />

biWebi mouklavTo.<br />

ezo savse iyo cremlgamSrali, gaognebuli, damunjebuli<br />

xalxiT. siCume iyo damuxtuli da sazareli.<br />

_ vai, Tqvens dedas, Svilebo! _ kvnesoda viRac~<br />

(`Tbilisis~ informacia).<br />

Semdeg avtori ganagrZobs Segonebebs, rom kacis kvla<br />

codvaa, cudia, ar SeiZleba. amas akeTebs iseTive maRalfardovnebiT,<br />

rogoriTac daiwyo. mkiTxveli pirvelive sityvebidan<br />

cnobs maRalfardovnebas amofarebul gulgrilobas.<br />

avtori ver axerxebs misTvis gulis aCuyebas. mkiTxvels<br />

ainteresebs mkvlelobis detalebi: vin mokla, rogor<br />

mokla, ratom mokla.<br />

amis nacvlad ki informaciis avtori zedsarTavebis aRlums<br />

gvTavazobs: cremlgamSrali, damunjebuli, gaognebuli,<br />

damuxtuli, sazareli...<br />

`droa did-didma funqcionerebma saRad iazrovnon,<br />

Tavi daanebon vireSmakobas, zedmet problemebs nu gviqmnian,<br />

isedac gaZaRlebul cxovrebas nuRa gvirTuleben.<br />

savsebiT dauzarlad SeuZliaT aRmosavleT evropidan<br />

gamoiyvanon jarebi, raki maTi saWiroeba aRar arsebobs,<br />

demobilizaciaSi gauSvan da jariskacebsac da oficrebsac<br />

gza daulocon TavTavianTi samSoblosaken, sadac maTi<br />

winaprebi ganisveneben (`Tbilisis~ informacia).<br />

_ gaiyvaneT sabWoTa jarebi aRmosavleT evropis qveynebidan!<br />

_ am moTxovnis mamacuri formac, Sinaarsic da<br />

TviTon winadadebebis konstruqciac karikaturis STabe-<br />

Wdilebas tovebs. survilis miuxedavad, mkiTxveli ver<br />

TanaugrZnobs avtors, Tumca icis, rom misi moTxovna<br />

samarTliania. avtoris mizani aqac miuRwevelia. es statia<br />

TviTonac Tavidan bolomde mxolod imisTvis wavikiTxe,<br />

77

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om TqvenTvis meTqva: ase wera ar SeiZleba. es aris umaqnisi<br />

sityvauxvobisa da cru maRalfardovnebis nimuSi.<br />

miamitoba. es sityva qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi<br />

leqsikonis mixedviT, gulubryvilobas, ueSmakobas, advilad<br />

dajerebas niSnavs. ver vityvi, rom adamianisTvis<br />

cudi Tvisebaa, magram presaSi gamoqveynebuli miamitoba<br />

uadgiloa.<br />

XX saukunis oTxmocdaaTiani wlebis dasawyisis qarTul<br />

presas Tu gadavxedavT, sisulelemde dasuli miamitobagulubryvilobis<br />

uamrav magaliTs aRmovaCenT.<br />

albaT, TavisTvisac moulodnelad politikur elita-<br />

Si aRmoCenilma odesRac mSvenierma mweralma da Jurnalistma,<br />

maRalfardovnad rom vTqva, qarTuli enis erovnul<br />

samsaxurSi Cayeneba ganizraxa. Tanac, dauyovnebliv: Zirs<br />

rusicizmebi, Zirs barbarizmebi, Zirs ucxo terminologia<br />

_ qarTuli ena unda gaiwmindos! guram petriaSvilis<br />

azriT, mkrexelobaa, roca pamidors am internacionaluri<br />

terminiT movixseniebT. gacilebiT `erovnuli~ iqneba, Tu<br />

mas wminda qarTul `oqrovaSlas~ davarqmevT. an es violino<br />

raRaa, roca gvaqvs mSvenieri violinos gare biZaSvili<br />

fanduri, xolo yelze mibjenil fandurs ratomac ar unda<br />

davarqvaT `yelfandura?!~ an es vertmfreni ras hgavs! _<br />

`cadRvebia~ am mfrinavi manqanisTvis swored zedgamoWrili<br />

iqneba! da, saerTod, dadga dro, Tavisufal saqarTveloSi<br />

qarTveli Citi qarTulad WikWikebdes!<br />

TqvenTvis es axla daujereblad da sasacilod JRers,<br />

magram maSindel qarTul presaSi aseTi rameebi marTlac<br />

iwereboda da am ideebs momxreebic hyavda. maT umravlesobas<br />

gulwrfelad sjeroda, rom qarTuli enis amgvari generaluri<br />

`dasufTavebiT~ didi erovnuli saqme gakeTdeboda.<br />

bevri `patrioti~ dResac darwmunebulia, rom msoflios<br />

xalxTa enebSi arsebul yvela sityvas moeZebneba qarTuli<br />

Sesatyvisi da ucxouri terminologia saWiro ar aris;<br />

rom qarTuli ena msoflioSi yvelaze mdidari, yvelaze<br />

keTilxmovani, yvelaze mravlismTqmeli, yvelaze lakoniuri,<br />

yvelaze Zveli, yvelaze, yvelaze... enaa. siamovnebiT<br />

daveTanxmebodi am azrs, rom ar vicode, rom TviT iseTi sityvebic<br />

ki, rogoricaa, puri, eklesia, fiqri, ujra, saaTi,<br />

78

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amanaTi, araqaTi, magida, qisa, rafa, daxli, xarji, moedani,<br />

beWedi, fanjara, alami, droSa, asli, laSqari, amqari, ambavi,<br />

xabari, jeeli da sxva uamravi `wminda qarTuli~ sityva...<br />

araqarTuli warmoSobisaa. Tumca, es qarTuli enis leqsikur<br />

`siRaribes~ an am sityvebis araqarTulobas sulac ar<br />

niSnavs.<br />

meore ukiduresobaSi mas Semdeg gadavvardiT, rac evropasa<br />

da amerikaSi naseirnebi da qarTuli xazinis qurdobiT<br />

gamdidrebuli `axali qarTvelebi~ mogvevlinnen<br />

(90-ianis Sua wlebi). ganswavlulobiT, fulis Sovnis<br />

niWiTa da daxvewili manerebiTac gagvakvirves da axali<br />

terminologiiTac gagvamdidres. jer iyo da, SevardnaZe<br />

wamdauwum gvimeorebda magiur `pluralizms~, romlis adgili<br />

Semdeg uadgilod daikava `menejmentma~. imereTis<br />

gubernatori TavdaviwyebiT iyo Seyvarebuli `tenderze~,<br />

Jurnalistebi ganuwyvetliv imeorebdnen `vizavis~ da `medias~,<br />

urapatriotebis sayvarel sityvad `mentaliteti~<br />

iqca, ekonomistebisa _ `menejeri~; saSualo niWis uCino<br />

mecnierebma lamis dagvayrues `rameTu-oden-manqurTis~<br />

wamdauwum da uadgilo xmarebiT. da mainc, meoce saukunis<br />

miwurulis yvelaze gacveTili sityvebia `ganpirobebuli~<br />

da `garkveulwilad~. erTica da meorec e.w. rusuli<br />

`kalkia~ (`обусловленный~, `в известной мере~, `отчасти~). orive<br />

am sityvas, ra Tqma unda, aqvs arsebobis ufleba, magram<br />

maTi ase usaSvelo eqspluataciac ar ivargebs. roca postkomunisturi<br />

epoqis qarTul presas ecnobi, geCveneba,<br />

rom amqveynad yvelaferi `ganpirobebulia~ da yvelaferi<br />

`garkveulwilad~ xdeba.<br />

gacveTili sityvebisa da frazeologiisgan Tavis daRweva<br />

praqtikulad SeuZlebelia, magram profesionalma Jurnalistma<br />

isini mxolod aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi unda<br />

gamoiyenos.<br />

uxvsityvaoba. Cemi pirveli seriozuli publikacia<br />

erTi milicielis umsgavso saqciels exeboda. sanam davwerdi,<br />

Cemi WkuiT, yvelaferi kargad avwon-davwone, saTauric<br />

movifiqre, SesavalSi didi sulxan-saba orbelianis<br />

igav-arakic gavixsene. mokled, karga mozrdili mrisxane<br />

antimiliciuri statia gamovacxe.<br />

79

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irakli beriaSvilma, ganyofilebis redaqtorma, statia<br />

yuradRebiT waikiTxa, saTauri Secvala, Sesavali gaanaxevra<br />

da statiis teqsti erTi mesamediT Seamcira. Tan<br />

Semaqo _ mSvenivrad dagiweriao. ase galamazebuli werili<br />

moxvda mTavar redaqtorTan. manac Sesavals kidev erTi<br />

winadadeba moaklo da darCenili teqstic kidev erTi mesamediT<br />

Seamcira.<br />

gulSi cota mewyina da Sevfiqriandi kidec _ albaT,<br />

damwyebi rom var, ar mendobian, Torem is Cemi SeTxzuli<br />

mSvenieri, gulisamaCuyebeli winadadebebi namdvilad ar<br />

unda waeSalaT-meTqi.<br />

mravali wlis Semdeg is Cemi pirveli werili wavikiTxe<br />

da SemiZlia gulaxdilad gagimxiloT _ misi umtkivneulod<br />

Semcireba kidev SeiZleboda. Tavis droze beriaSvilmac<br />

da gogeliamac damindes _ swored imitom, damwyebi<br />

rom viyavi.<br />

dRes siamovnebiT Sevamcirebdi TiTqmis yvela Cems publikacias.<br />

vwuxvar, rom axla amis gakeTeba SeuZlebelia.<br />

Tqvenc CemsaviT rom ar idardoT, nu daindobT sakuTar<br />

nawers _ rac metad `dawuravT~, rac metad<br />

`gakreWT~, mkiTxvelis miT ufro met keTilganwyobas<br />

moixveWT. isic gaxsovdeT, rom Wkviani redaqtori honorars<br />

raodenobaSi ki ara, xarisxSi iZleva!<br />

diax, sagazeTo ena da stili, Taviseburebebis miuxedavad,<br />

literaturuli enis CarCoebSi unda Tavsdebodes, magram<br />

mainc aris erTi sakmaod uxerxuli movlena, romelsac<br />

gverds ver avuvliT.<br />

redaqtorma dilis TaTbirze jer isev axalbeda Jurnalists<br />

Tbilisis sapatio moqalaqed arCeul erT saxelganTqmul<br />

qarTvel mecnierTan interviu damavala. Cems<br />

gankargulebaSi sul ramdenime saaTi iyo. davreke batoni<br />

akademikosis samsaxurSi. miTxres, rom amerikel kolegebTan<br />

erTad erT-erT kvleviT institutSi vnaxavdi. gavqandi<br />

miTiTebul institutSi _ Sin wavidao; davureke Sin _ ar<br />

mosula, albaT, cekaSi Sexvedraze wavidao; davukavSirdi<br />

cekas _ Sexvedra xval gvaqvs daniSnulio... bevri rom ar<br />

gavagrZelo, CemTvis mocemuli dro xelSi ise Semomadna,<br />

akademikosis gza-kvals ver mivageni.<br />

80

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edaqtorebi davalebis Seusruleblobas Zalian mtkivneulad,<br />

lamis pirad Seuracxyofad aRiqvamen. am mxriv,<br />

bednieri gamonaklisi arc Cemi redaqtori yofila. amitom<br />

friad originaluri gadawyvetileba miviRe _ Cemsave<br />

kiTxvebs akademikosis nacvlad pasuxebi me TviTon gaveci.<br />

igi im periodSi Zalian popularuli kaci iyo da masze bevri<br />

msmenoda.<br />

daniSnul dros `interviu~ mzad iyo. redaqtorma<br />

waikiTxa, saeWvo veraferi aRmoaCina da dasabeWdad viza<br />

misca. interviu im dResve gamoqveynda.<br />

redaqtorTan meore diliT, tradiciuli TaTbiris<br />

dros darekes. batonma arCil gogeliam ise gadmomxeda,<br />

mivxvdi, rom `CamiSves~. rogorc mere gairkva, akademikoss<br />

redaqtorisTvis uTqvams, is Tqveni Jurnalisti an geniosia,<br />

an didi avanturisti _ misTvis araviTari interviu ar<br />

mimicia, magram im SekiTxvebze swored imas vupasuxebdi,<br />

rac TviTon moufiqrebiao.<br />

amitom iyo, rom redaqtors Cemi `gonebamaxvilobisTvis~<br />

madloba ar gamoucxadebia, magram arc davusjivar.<br />

ra Tqma unda, me arc geniosi vyofilvar, arc avanturisti<br />

da arc naTelmxilveli. ubralod, vicodi, rom adamianebis<br />

umravlesoba azrovnebs da saubrobs mkacrad<br />

Camoyalibebuli stereotipebis CarCoebSi. es gansakuTrebiT<br />

exeba politikur moRvaweebs, diplomatebs,<br />

maRali Tanamdebobis pirebs, gamoCenil mecnierebs,<br />

sportsmenebs da a.S. rogorc wesi, isini erTi SexedviT<br />

saintereso, magram mainc banalur kiTxvebze banalur<br />

pasuxebs iZlevian. Tu Tqven respondents icnobT, bevr<br />

kiTxvaze misi pasuxis gamocnoba didi siZnele sulac ar<br />

aris. savaraudo pasuxis ki ara, zogjer TviT im sityvebis<br />

gamocnobac ki SeiZleba, rasac respondenti sakuTari azris<br />

gadmosacemad gamoiyenebs. `gamocnobis~ am teqnikas<br />

virtuozulad floben Tarjimani-sinqronistebi.<br />

am magaliTiT imis xazgasma mindoda, rom gazeTis ena da<br />

stili specifikuria, xolo am specifikis jer Seswavla da<br />

mere praqtikulad gamoyeneba _ aucilebeli. Cemi cudi<br />

saqcielis gameoreba savaldebulo ar aris, magram yvela<br />

momavalma Jurnalistma unda icodes _ davalebis Seus-<br />

81

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uleblobas araviTari gamamarTlebeli argumenti ar<br />

gaaCnia. maT Soris, arc aseTebi: stumrad viyavi, sicxe mqonda,<br />

naTlia mestumra, megobrebma restoranSi dampatiJes...<br />

`rogorc aristotele ambobda~,<br />

anu<br />

citirebis xelovneba<br />

kamaTisas, raRac mosazrebis mtkicebisas, mopaeqreze<br />

zemoqmedebis mosaxdenad, zogjer sulac kopwiaobisa da<br />

sakuTari ganswavlulobis (xSirad, ararsebulis) sademonstraciod<br />

gamoCenili adamianebis damowmeba-citireba<br />

presaSi sakmaod gavrcelebuli movlenaa. iSvelieben filosofosebis,<br />

mxedarTmTavrebis, mecnierebis, politikosebis,<br />

popularuli adamianebis gamonaTqvamebs.<br />

marTalia, sakuTari mosazrebis gasamagreblad gamo-<br />

CenilTa Sewuxeba maincdamainc ar momwons da verc vinmes<br />

vurCev, ase moiqces, magram amis akrZalva da danaSaulad<br />

gamocxadeba, vfiqrob, uazroba iqneboda. oRond, saWiroa<br />

zomiereba da avtorisa da citatis zustad SerCeva.<br />

Tu ar vcdebi, 1993 wlis dasawyisSi Cemsa da Cems kolegas,<br />

Teimuraz metrevels Soris moulodnelad kamaTi<br />

gaimarTa. axlac darwmunebuli var, im kamaTSi marTali viyavi,<br />

magram es ambavi Tavis gasamarTleblad, an xelaxali<br />

kamaTis wamosawyebad ar gamxsenebia. imitom gavixsene, rom<br />

niWierma Jurnalistma da literatorma Teimuraz metrevelma<br />

Cems winaaRmdeg SesaniSnavad gamoiyena deil karnegi:<br />

`...aki ukvdavi deil karnegi gvafrTxilebs, `aTidan yoveli<br />

cxra kamaTi mTavrdeba imiT, rom misi TiToeuli monawile<br />

ufro Rrmad rwmundeba sakuTari azris absolutur sisworeSi~.<br />

Tavidanve kargad mesmoda, rom Teimuraz qoriZe am aTidan<br />

meaTe ar iyo, amitomac Cems werilSi mivmarTavdi ara<br />

imdenad mas, ramdenadac miukerZoebel mkiTxvels...~<br />

polemikuri werilis saTauric karnegiseuli da mravlismetyveli<br />

iyo: `ara, es kaci ar aris aTidan meaTe!~<br />

Cemma kolega-oponentma zustad gamoiyena deil karne-<br />

82

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gis Segoneba da misi azri werilis saTaurSic SesaniSnavad<br />

`gaaTamaSa~.<br />

marTalia, `gulaxdiloba ar alamazebs adamians~, magram<br />

mainc, igi kacis erTi SesaniSnavi Tvisebaa: arc ise keTilSobili<br />

var, rom giTxraT, Cems winaaRmdeg mimarTulma Teimuraz<br />

metrevelis am patara Jurnalisturma Sedevrma didad<br />

gamaxara-meTqi, magram `simarTle _ TvalSi sinaTleo~,<br />

xom gagigoniaT.<br />

gasuli saukunis 70-80-iani wlebis saqarTveloSi sakmao<br />

popularobiT sargeblobda saxelmwifo televiziis politikuri<br />

mimomxilveli abon ciciaSvili (SegaxsenebT, rom<br />

kerZo telearxebi im epoqaSi ar arsebobda). Tavad ebrauli<br />

warmoSobis batonma abonma saxeli gaiTqva sionizmisa<br />

da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis sagareo politikis kritikiT.<br />

igi marTlac mamacurad da daundoblad uswordeboda<br />

ararsebul oponentebs.<br />

mis saxelTan erTi aseTi naxevarsimarTlecaa dakav-<br />

Sirebuli: erTxel abon ciciaSvilma reiganis* lanZRvagakilviT<br />

rom guli ijera, Tavisi tirada amerikis prezidentis<br />

gasagonad da gulze gasaxeTqad, ase daamTavra:<br />

`etyoba, prezident reigans daaviwyda qarTuli andaza _<br />

rac mogiva daviTao, yvela Seni TaviTao~. es aris brZnuli<br />

xalxuri gamonaTqvamis yovlad Seuferebel konteqstSi<br />

moxseniebis SesaniSnavi nimuSi.<br />

arakompetenturobis kidev erTi `mxiaruli~ magali-<br />

Ti. misi avtori sakmaod mxcovani da cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebiT<br />

damZimebuli gaadvokatebuli milicielia.<br />

brZnul gamoTqmas isic saTaurSive iSveliebs: `Teimuraz<br />

qoriZev, `mcdari codna uaresia, vidre arcodna~, girCev,<br />

gautio!~<br />

amgvari brZnuli saTauris Semdeg, andazebi teqstSic<br />

uxvad unda iyos. aris kidec, magram, samwuxarod, yvelgan<br />

uadgilod: `...imdenad kargav wonasworobas, rom adamians<br />

lanZRav saqveynod? ar gagigia mainc andaza _ `sxvisi Wiri<br />

Wkuas ver Segmatebso?~<br />

aseTi Sinaarsis andaza marTlac ar gamigia. iqneb arsebobs<br />

kidec, magram am konteqstSi rom avtors uadgilod<br />

mohyavs, cxadia. ra Tqma unda, gacilebiT gonivruli<br />

83

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iqneboda, es andaza gaexsenebina: `sxvisi Wiri _ Robes Cxirio~.<br />

sabWoTa avtorebi, bunebrivia, yvela SesaZlebeli vi-<br />

Tarebis ganzogadebis mizniT, leninis, marqsis, engelsis,<br />

stalinis, sxva beladebis citatebs iSveliebdnen: rogorc<br />

didi lenini ityoda... rogorc marqsi aRniSnavda... rogorc<br />

engelsi* ambobda... rogorc didma stalinma Tqva... es iyo<br />

aucilebeli farisevloba, valis moxda mmarTveli komunisturi<br />

partiis winaSe. samwuxarod, bevrs igi Cvevad eqca.<br />

axla `beladebis~ odesRac sibrZned gasaRebul banalur<br />

gamoTqmebs aRaravin etaneba, samagierod, did gasavalSia<br />

aristotele, platoni*, dekarti*, ruso, volteri*, napoleoni,<br />

taleirani*, la roSfuko, jefersoni, ainStaini da<br />

mravali sxva yovlad udanaSaulo istoriuli pirovneba.<br />

Tanamedroveebi maT zogjer iseT rameebs abraleben, Tav-<br />

Si, albaT, arasodes rom ar mosvliaT.<br />

gamocdilma `citatistma~ icis, rom mkiTxveli misi<br />

naTqvamis (naweris) Semowmebas ar daiwyebs. amitom xSirad<br />

Tavs umweo `gamoCenilis~ usazRvro eqspluataciis uflebas<br />

aZlevs _ mkvdrebi ver gaigeben, cocxlebi ar Seamowmeben!<br />

amitom saqme gasaocar kuriozebamdec ki midis: erTma<br />

gapolitikosebulma diasaxlisma Tavis sagazeTo statiaSi<br />

erTi cnobili gamonaTqvami stefan malarmes* daabrala, im<br />

periodSive gamoqveynebul meore statiaSi _ artur rembos.<br />

arada, es `cnobili gamonaTqvami~ aleqsandr puSkins<br />

ekuTvnoda!<br />

Tanamedrove presaSi sakuTari azris dasadastureblad<br />

an misi sisworis Sesamowmeblad brZnuli azrebis, andazebis,<br />

Tu igavebis mosaxmobad adgili TiTqmis aRar rCeba.<br />

Tumca, avtoris winaSe citatebis gamoyenebis aucileblobac<br />

xSirad Cndeba. gansakuTrebiT, roca saqme gvaqvs<br />

reportaJul JanrTan. vimeoreb, aq saubaria sagazeTo statiaSi<br />

moxseniebuli piris citirebaze da ara gamoCenil<br />

adamianTa gamonaTqvamebis damowmebaze.<br />

citirebis dros didi sifrTxile da sizustea saWiro.<br />

arc lakoniuroba unda daviviwyoT. magaliTad: `saqarTvelos<br />

samxedro ministrma, general-leitenantma daviT<br />

TevzaZem ganacxada, rom mas araviTari saerTo ara aqvs pr-<br />

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aRaSi iaraRis SeZenasTan~ _ sjobda, Jurnalists es fraza<br />

ase daewera: `generalma TevzaZem uaryo Tavisi monawileoba<br />

Cexuri iaraRis SeZenaSi~.<br />

citireba gardauvali da aucilebelia iseTi urTulesi<br />

Jurnalisturi Janris gamoyenebisas, rogoricaa polemika.<br />

am sakiTxze vrclad momavalSi uTuod visaubrebT, magram<br />

erTi ram axlave unda vTqva _ polemikis dros aucilebelia<br />

citirebis kulturis dacva. moxmobili citata siuJeturi<br />

TvalsazrisiT dasrulebul azrs unda gamoxatavdes<br />

da wina da momdevno abzacebis Sinaarsze damokidebuli<br />

ar unda iyos. Tu aseTi damokidebuleba arsebobs, maSin<br />

Cven, upirveles yovlisa, unda visaubroT am darCenili<br />

abzacebis Sinaarsze da mis kavSirze uSualod moxmobil<br />

(citirebul) teqstTan.<br />

citatebi aucilebelia im SemTxvevaSic, roca Jurnalisti<br />

e.w. `mrgvali magidis~, anu azrTa gaziarebis stiliT<br />

wers. aq ar aris aucilebeli avtoris stilis SenarCuneba.<br />

piriqiT, unda darCes mTavari azri, danarCeni SeiZleba<br />

kargad `gaSalaSindes~, Jurnalistis da redaqtoris gemovnebiT<br />

`Camoiqnas~.<br />

nu daiviwyebT, rom nebismieri sirTulis, Tu sazogadoebrivi<br />

mniSvnelobis mqone sagazeTo statia aris mxolod<br />

sagazeTo statia da ara akademiur gamocemaSi gamoqveynebuli<br />

samecniero naSromi. sagazeTo statiaSi ar aris savaldebulo<br />

yvela Tezisis, mosazrebis dasabuTeba da Sesabamisi<br />

mecnieruli naSromebidan citireba. mTavaria, icodeT,<br />

rom rasac werT an ambobT, yvelaferi simarTlea. gazeTSi<br />

wyaroebis miTiTeba da sqolioebis gakeTeba sasurveli ar<br />

aris. amas arc aravin akeTebs, garda im adamianebisa, visac,<br />

rogorc giTxariT, nebismieri saSualebiT Tavis gamoCenis<br />

wyurvili klavT.<br />

odesRac savsebiT seriozulad tardeboda arafrismTqmeli<br />

grandiozuli partiuli da komkavSiruli<br />

RonisZiebebi, presaSi ki aseTi Sinaarsis informaciebi<br />

qveyndeboda:<br />

`saqarTvelos leninuri komkavSiris XXXI yrilobas eswreboda<br />

qveynis 2445 pirveladi komkavSiruli organizaciis<br />

3532 delegati. maT Soris: skkp wevri _ 2980, skkp wev-<br />

85

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obis kandidati _ 335, alkk wevri _ 350, muSa _ 2200, qali<br />

_ 1700, qarTveli _ 901, somexi... azerbaijaneli... rusi...<br />

ukraineli...~<br />

`saangariSo periodSi axalgazrdobisa da komkavSirelTa<br />

ZalebiT Sesrulebulia<br />

miliard 125 milioni maneTis samuSao. maT Soris: mZime<br />

mrewvelobaSi _ 435 mln.; msubuq mrewvelobaSi _ 330<br />

mln.; energetikaSi _ 225 mln.; soflis meurneobaSi _ 125<br />

mln...~<br />

aq saubari ar exeba am cifrebis namdvilobas _ isini,<br />

ra Tqma unda, yalbia. CvenTvis sxva ram aris saintereso:<br />

saWiroa Tu ara presaSi amgvari yovlad uintereso statistikis<br />

gamoqveyneba. warmoidgineT safexburTo matCis<br />

sagazeTo reportaJi, sadac dawvrilebiTaa moTxrobili,<br />

ramdenjer daustvina msajma, moedanze ramdenjer daeca<br />

TiToeuli moTamaSe, vin ramdeni jarima daimsaxura, romeli<br />

gundi ramden wuTs aTamaSebda burTs, ramdeni dartyma<br />

moigeria mekarem, ramdeni ascda kars da a.S. wminda statistikisTvis<br />

es cifrebi iqneb marTlac aucilebelia, magram<br />

isini mkiTxvels ar ainteresebs. amitom, presaSi cifrebisa<br />

da ricxvebis damowmebisas Zalian didi sifrTxilea<br />

saWiro _ isini mxolod maSin unda gamoviyenoT, roca amas<br />

ukiduresi aucilebloba moiTxovs. magaliTad, Tu Tqven<br />

1980 wlis modelis skkp politbiuros asakobrivi Sefaseba<br />

gsurT, ar aris aucilebeli politbiuros yvela wevris<br />

dabadebis TariRis miTiTeba. savsebiT sakmarisia iTqvas<br />

erTi fraza: `politbiuros 17 wevridan 15 dabadebulia<br />

mecxramete saukuneSi~.<br />

86

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Tavi V<br />

Zveli da maradiuli problemebi<br />

axla Znelia pasuxis gacema kiTxvaze: ra iyo pirvelad,<br />

TviTon Jurnalistika, Tu Teoria <strong>Jurnalistikaze</strong>. es ar<br />

aris kazuistika _ amis codnas praqtikuli mniSvneloba<br />

aqvs.<br />

Jurnalisturi moRvaweoba ise daviwye da sakmaod cnobili<br />

Jurnalistic ise gavxdi, Jurnalistikis Teoriaze (Tu<br />

Teoriul <strong>Jurnalistikaze</strong>!) iotisodena warmodgenac ki ar<br />

mqonia _ brZolis xelovnebas vswavlobdi uSualod brZolis<br />

velze. Cems Tavze moulodnelad datexil gansacdels<br />

(korespondentis movaleobas) Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT<br />

momzadebuli rom Sevxvedrodi, ra Tqma unda, Jurnalisturi<br />

moRvaweobis dawyeba bevrad gamiadvildeboda. unda<br />

vaRiaro, rom im Soreul da bednier dros bevri araferi<br />

vicodi iseTi popularuli Jurnalisturi Janris Sesaxebac<br />

ki, rogoricaa<br />

interviu<br />

es aris marTlac yvelaze popularuli Jurnalisturi<br />

Janri, anu mimdinareoba Jurnalistur xelovnebaSi.<br />

davwere es sityvebi da iZulebuli var, aqve davumato, rom<br />

es ar aris mxolod Jurnalisturi Janri _ intervius gareSe,<br />

ubralod, warmoudgenelia sagamoZiebo praqtika;<br />

am Janrs ganekuTvneba umaRles saxelmwifoebriv doneze<br />

gamarTuli referendumebi _ mosaxleobis gamokiTxvebi;<br />

qveynis mosaxleobis anketireba aRweris mizniT; mTel<br />

msoflioSi Zalian farTod gavrcelebuli radio-satelevizio<br />

Sou-gamokiTxvebi da sxva.<br />

damwyebi Jurnalistebis erTi nawili (imis miuxedavad,<br />

gavlili aqvs Tu ara Teoriuli Jurnalisturi momzadeba)<br />

darwmunebulia, rom interviu Zalian advili da xelmisawvdomi<br />

Janria. didi ambavi, mixval SenTvis saintereso<br />

kacTan, rames hkiTxav, is gipasuxebs da Sen Caiwer!<br />

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meore nawili darwmunebulia, rom es aris raRac saidumloebiT<br />

moculi Janri da igi xelewifeba mxolod rCeulTa<br />

ama qveynisa!<br />

sxvaTa Soris, Tavis droze mec damwyeb JurnalistTa am<br />

kategorias vekuTvnodi.<br />

ra Tqma unda, profesiul doneze intervius Sesruleba<br />

raime gadaulaxav siZnelesTan dakavSirebuli ar aris.<br />

Tumca, arc ise ubralodaa saqme: kargi intervius mosamzadeblad<br />

saWiroa Teoriuli codnac, Jurnalisturi muSaobis<br />

gamocdilebac da winaswar guldasmiT momzadebac.<br />

amisTvis, mTavaria, icodeT, ra tipis interviu gindaT da,<br />

saerTod, kargad gaicnobieroT Tqveni mizani mosalodnel<br />

interviusTan, ufro zustad _ respondentTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

Sinaarsis mixedviT, SegviZlia gamovyoT intervius ramdenime<br />

ZiriTadi tipi:<br />

1. Svlis nukri _ redaqciisa da mkiTxvelebis (msmenelebis,<br />

telemayureblebis) interesebidan gamomdinare,<br />

gulwrfelad gvainteresebs romelime kompetenturi adamianis<br />

azri ama Tu im movlenis Sesaxeb. anu gvaqvs informacia<br />

raime movlenis Taobaze, magram ar vicnobT mis arss, winapirobas,<br />

perspeqtivas da a.S. amitom mivmarTavT kompetentur<br />

pirs da komentars vTxovT. Cven ar vekamaTebiT respondents,<br />

ar vcdilobT faqtebis gaanalizebas an `CamWreli~<br />

SekiTxvebiT respondentis `kedelTan mimwyvdevas~. vimeoreb,<br />

gvainteresebs mxolod movlenis, faqtis komentari.<br />

intervius am tips, Tavisi umtkivneulobisa da keTil-<br />

Sobiluri miznis gamo, vuwodoT `Svlis nukri~. Tumca, Tavisi<br />

formiT igi Zalian waagavs oficialur sakancelario<br />

protokols, magram es nu SegaSfoTebT _ zogjer isic<br />

saWiroa.<br />

2. deda tereza* _ es aris intervius is tipi, roca Jurnalistma<br />

icis movlenis, faqtis arsi, aqvs zogadi informacia,<br />

magram ar icis bevri saintereso wvrilmani da<br />

kompetentur pirTan maT dazustebas cdilobs. aqac, rogorc<br />

`Svlis nukris~ SemTxvevaSi, Jurnalisti gvevlineba<br />

faqtebis, movlenebis keTilsindisier aRmnusxvelad da<br />

respondentis SekiTxvebiT Tavbrus daxvevas, an misgan in-<br />

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formaciis `gamoZalvas~ ar cdilobs. respondenti, Sesa-<br />

Zleblobis farglebSi exmareba Jurnalists mis xelT arsebuli<br />

informaciis gavrcelebaSi. am tips `deda tereza~<br />

swored amitom davarqvi.<br />

3. aperkoti _ es krivis terminia da niSnavs dartymas<br />

mowinaaRmdegis nikapSi, qvemodan zemoT. rogorc wesi,<br />

Zlier da zustad Sesrulebul aperkots mowinaaRmdegis<br />

nokauti mohyveba xolme. es aris intervius tipi, roca<br />

Jurnalistma momxdari faqtis, an movlenis irgvliv Zalian<br />

bevri ram icis. isic icis, rom respondenti mas (anu<br />

sazogadoebas) sakuTari an uwyebis danaSaulis dafarvis,<br />

`mundiris Rirsebis~ gadarCenis, an sxva ram mizezis gamo<br />

simarTles umalavs. amitom Jurnalisti respondentis<br />

kompetenciis Semowmebas da mis mxilebas cdilobs.<br />

Tuki Tqven aperkotis gamoyenebiT Tanamosaubris nokautSi<br />

gagzavnas apirebT, iyaviT Zalian frTxilad _<br />

krivi veragi sportia, umniSvnelo Secdomebis patiebac ki<br />

ar uyvars. sakmarisia odnavi moduneba, yuradRebis odnavi<br />

dafantva, rom mowinaaRmdegem uZlieresi dartyma mogayenoT<br />

da Tqveni brolis koSkebi miraJiviT gauCinardes.<br />

amis Zalian bevri precedenti arsebobs, gansakuTrebiT ma-<br />

Sin, roca saqme gvaqvs mosamarTleebTan, prokurorebTan,<br />

saxelmwifo uSiSroebis samsaxuris TanamSromlebTan, gamocdil<br />

da gamWriax politikosebTan, advokatebTan da a.S.<br />

4. portreti _ es aris intervius yvelaze rTuli da<br />

yvelaze prestiJuli tipi. Tavad misi dasaxelebac miganiSnebT,<br />

rom Jurnalisti respondentis portretis daxatvas<br />

cdilobs. man SeiZleba daxatos dadebiTi an uaryofiTi<br />

portreti, gaaCnia, ra mizani aqvs. roca Jurnalisti kiTxva-pasuxiT<br />

respondentis uaryofiTi portretis daxatvas<br />

cdilobs, igi araviTar iniciativas, araviTar SeRavaTs<br />

ar aZlevs Tanamosaubres. piriqiT, Tavisi kiTxvebiT misi<br />

wonasworobidan gamoyvanas, ganerviulebas cdilobs. am<br />

mizniT, zogjer Tavis SekiTxvebs imeorebs kidec.<br />

aseT SemTxvevaSi, Jurnalisti sityva-sityviT iwers mosaubris<br />

naTqvams. ar cdilobs misi nalaparakevis gramatikul<br />

da stilistur gamarTvas _ wers zustad ise, rogorc<br />

respondenti laparakobs. xazs usvams mis arcTu<br />

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inteligentur manerebs. amgvari, uaryofiTi portretis<br />

magaliTad am wignis wina TavSi moviyvane tatiana malkinas<br />

da andrei karaulovis interviu saqarTvelos pirvel<br />

prezidentTan. Tu ar SewuxdebiT, gTxovT, kidev erTxel<br />

gadaaTvalieroT es naSromi. Tqven aucileblad dainaxavT,<br />

Jurnalistebi ra mondomebiT Zerwaven arakompetenturi,<br />

gamoucdeli, gauwonasworebeli, winaaRmdegobrivi<br />

pirovnebis saxes. metic, isini aSkarad dascinian kidec<br />

respondents. geTanxmebiT, ar aris maincdamainc keTil-<br />

Sobiluri saqcieli. samagierod, interviu aSkarad aRwevs<br />

mizans. misi avtorebi virtuozulad moqmedeben. maTi Teoriuli<br />

momzadeba da weris teqnikac unakloa.<br />

ufro xSirad Jurnalistebs e.w. `lamazi portretis~<br />

daxatva uwevT. roca mizani aseTia, amocanis Sesruleba<br />

erTiorad rTuldeba. intervius mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi<br />

ufro rTuli da xangrZlivia. Jurnalisti valdebulia,<br />

detalurad Seiswavlos momavali respondentis warsuli<br />

da axlandeli moRvaweoba, misi xasiaTi, hobi, saubris Tu<br />

weris manera. unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom niWieri adamianebi,<br />

cota ar iyos, Wirveuli da axirebuli xalxia. Jurnalists<br />

didi moTmineba marTebs, rom ganzraxvaze xeli<br />

ar aiRos. rogorc wesi, am SemTxvevaSi, Jurnalistis urTierToba<br />

respondentTan xangrZlivia da igi intervius<br />

gamoqveynebis Semdegac didxans grZeldeba. respondentis<br />

gavlena zogjer ise didia, rom Jurnalisti misgan didxans<br />

ver Tavisufldeba. Tumca, amaSi saSiSi araferia _ kargi<br />

adamianis gavlenas da avtoritets cudi Sedegi arasdros<br />

aravisTvis ar moutania.<br />

Tu `lamazi portretis~ daxatva gsurT, gulmodgined<br />

unda daukvirdeT yvela sityvas, yvela winadadebas. araviTari<br />

gramatikuli, stilisturi da orTografiuli Secdoma.<br />

oRond, unda ecadoT, respondentis teqsts Seunar-<br />

CunoT avtoriseuli stili. rTuli, Zalian rTuli amocanaa,<br />

magram savsebiT SesaZlebelia (qarTveli parlamentari<br />

ityoda, `Sesrulebadiao~). da rom es asea, amaSi iolad darwmundebiT,<br />

Tu yuradRebiT waikiTxavT Jurnalist iamze<br />

asaniSvilis intervius SesaniSnav qarTvel mweral guram<br />

doCanaSvilTan:<br />

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guram doCanaSvilis cxovrebis istoria<br />

interviuSi Tu rame mogewonaT, Cemia da Tu ar mogewonaT<br />

_ Jurnalistis.<br />

guram doCanaSvili<br />

_ saSinlad orpiri var. roca verdis vusmen, is mirCevnia<br />

rosinis, roca rosinis vusmen, maSin rosini mirCevnia<br />

verdis.<br />

_ da ufro didi mainc vin aris?<br />

_ baxi da mocarti, romelic iseTia, sacekvao moedanze<br />

rom xulignebi Semocvivdebian...<br />

_ ase Tu gavagrZelebT, orpiri ki ara, `mravalpiri~ aRmoCndebiT.<br />

_ ase gamova, albaT, Tu ki yvelas CamovTvli.<br />

magram gindaT, didi saidumlo gagandoT? iciT, rom<br />

Semoqmedi ar arsebobs? isini yvela `meoradebi~ arian, Savi<br />

muSebi, gadamwerebi. xelovneba suliwmindaa. suliwmindis<br />

madli _ RmerTi qmnis maTi xeliT. bibliidan modian baxic<br />

da miqelanjeloc. rusTavelis yvela aforizmi bibliuria<br />

da, saerTod, Semoqmedis daniSnulebaa, biblia ubibliod<br />

miitanos adamianebamde. bibliidan modian SoTac, iliac,<br />

akakic, niko lorTqifaniZec _ Cveni sindisi da patiosneba.<br />

_ iciT, daviT guramiSvili miyvars gansakuTrebiT. erTi<br />

SexedviT, akademiuria da TiTqos ucnauria, me rom momwons,<br />

magram, warmoidgineT, dRes rom aseTi kaci gvyavdes...<br />

_ Tanamedrove qarTul mwerlobaze ras ityviT?<br />

_ oTxi moTxroba miyvars: rezo inaniSvilis `Tovli~,<br />

giorgi leoniZis `Rvinjua~, guram rCeuliSvilis `SaSas<br />

revolucia~ da jemal qarCxaZis `igi~.<br />

_ Tqveni uamravi gmiridan yvelaze gamorCeulad vin<br />

giyvarT?<br />

_ yvela kargi biWia. xom kargi biWebi arian kanudoselebi?<br />

luka ra kargi vinmea, ara? gansakuTrebiT miyvars dilis<br />

qali _ rosa. gaxsovT? is TviT did qalze _ terezazec<br />

ki Zlieria...<br />

_ ana-maria? ratom klavT am mSvenierebas ase uceb da<br />

sazarlad?<br />

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_ sxvaTa Soris, adrec mkiTxes da iciT, ra vupasuxe?<br />

gana SeiZleba, bedniereba didxans gagrZeldes-meTqi?<br />

Cemi iraklis wasvlis Semdeg gamaxsenda da vinane _ es<br />

ram maTqmevina-meTqi. etyoba, bedniereba marTla Zalian<br />

xanmoklea... iciT, ra biWi iyo irakli? keTili, lamazi,<br />

Wkviani. ukeT vin micnobda. icoda Cemi panikiori xasiaTi<br />

da sul mamSvidebda xolme.<br />

_ batono guram, Tqven ukve babua xarT...<br />

_ TinaTini! rom megona, ojaxis axali wevri gaCndameTqi,<br />

Zvelebic wamarTva. saocari bavSvia. sanam daibadeboda,<br />

Zalian vRelavdi. da, iciT, maSin irakli medga gverdiT.<br />

rogorc yovelTvis, mamSvidebda... iciT, ra kargi biWi<br />

myavda? ara, ki ar myavda, myavs...<br />

_ batono guram...<br />

_ ara, aRar minda sikvdili. aTi weli mainc unda vicocxlo<br />

kidev, TinaTins rom davamaxsovrde. ise ar waval...<br />

(`dronis~ informacia).<br />

gTxovT, yuradReba miaqcioT _ portreti TiTqmis<br />

srulyofilia, Jurnalisti ki ar Cans, SesaniSnavadaa `SeniRbuli~.<br />

igi sakuTari SesaZleblobebiT ki ar kopwiaobs,<br />

aramed cdilobs mkiTxvels daanaxvos mwerali, daxatos<br />

misi portreti da amas aRwevs kidec.<br />

es aris Jurnalistis maRali profesionalizmi. igi mxolod<br />

niWiT, SromiT da mondomebiT miiRweva. ra Tqma unda,<br />

konstantine gamsaxurdiasi ar iyos, `cota Wkuacaa saWiro.~<br />

5. anketa _ aseTi tipis intervius dros, rogorc wesi,<br />

ramdenime respondents urigdeba erTi da igive Sinaarsis<br />

kiTxvari. vinc qarTul presas Tvalyurs adevnebs, SeiZleba<br />

axsovdes, rom 1998-1999 wlebSi amgvari `anketuri~ interviuebi<br />

ibeWdeboda gazeT `dronSi~ rubrikiT: _ `gzaze<br />

erTi qveyana midioda~. saubari exeboda qveynis momaval<br />

saSinao da sagareo politikas.<br />

6. Tamada _ es aris intervius tipi, roca ramdenime adamiani<br />

erTdroulad msjelobs romelime erT problemaze.<br />

aseT SemTxvevaSi, Jurnalisti spikeris rolSi gamodis _<br />

sasurveli mimarTulebiT warmarTavs saubars. bunebrivia,<br />

interviu rom saintereso gamovides, bevri ram aris<br />

damokidebuli Jurnalistis profesionalizmsa da mis,<br />

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ogorc wamyvanis, xelovnebaze. iqneb igi Zalian kompetenturi,<br />

Zalian niWieri adamiani iyos, magram akldes lideris<br />

Tvisebebi. amitom, Tu Tqven erTxel mainc megobrebis wre-<br />

Si ar giTamadiaT, amgvari tipis intervius gaZRola, sjobs,<br />

samermisod gadadoT. es rCeva, upirveles yovlisa, tele<br />

da radioJurnalistebs gamoadgeba.<br />

Secdomebi<br />

maTgan dazRveuli aravinaa. mTavaria, dRes ar gaimeoroT<br />

is Secdoma, romelic guSin ukve mogividaT. Tu xvdebiT,<br />

rom sistematurad erTsa da imave Secdomas imeorebT,<br />

sjobs, sanam droa, sxva profesiaze ifiqroT. Tu sakuTar<br />

Secdomebs ver xedavT da amaze mudam sxvebi (magaliTad,<br />

redaqtori) migiTiTebT, maSinac gacla sjobs.<br />

Cemi azriT, intervius gaZRolis dros Jurnalistebs,<br />

ZiriTadad, sami saxis Secdoma mosdiT:<br />

1. Jurnalisti interviusTvis Tavad ar aris saTanadod<br />

momzadebuli. redaqtorma daavala, xval `mrgval<br />

magidasTan~ elituri modis eqvsiode specialisti Seikribeba<br />

da unda `uTamadoo~. isic daufiqreblad Tanxmdeba.<br />

Tu davalebis mizani TqvenTvis bundovania, merwmuneT,<br />

interviu ar gamogivaT. seriozuli davalebis Sesasruleblad<br />

aucileblad moiTxoveT imaze cota meti dro, vidre<br />

sinamdvileSi gWirdebaT.<br />

Tu grZnobT, rom bevri fiqris miuxedavad, intervius<br />

mizani TqvenTvis mainc mTlad naTeli ar aris, sjobs davalebis<br />

Sesrulebaze uari TqvaT. amiT qveyana ar daiqceva _<br />

TiTqmis yvela redaqciaSi moiZebneba Jurnalisti, visTvisac<br />

honorari Tavmoyvareobaze da profesiul eTikaze<br />

maRla dgas.<br />

2. mosaubrisTvis iniciativis daTmoba. ramdenjer<br />

ginaxavT aseTi gulsaklavi suraTi: teleekranze mimdinareobs<br />

diskusia leiborist naTelaSvilisa an liberal<br />

Jirinovskis monawileobiT. wamyvani svams sakiTxs,<br />

romelzec diskusiis yvela monawilem unda isaubros.<br />

Tanac, yvela aucileblad Tanabar pirobebSi unda iyos.<br />

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am dros, batoni Salva (an batoni vladimeri) xelT igdebs<br />

mikrofons da dausruleblad Tavisas mierekeba. Zalian<br />

xSirad, politikosebi Jurnalistis nebismieri SekiTxvis,<br />

an diskusiis nebismieri Temis miuxedavad, winaswar `daswavlili~<br />

teqstiT saubroben, wamyvani ki gawbilebuli<br />

zis da umweod dahyurebs sakuTar xelebs. Tu Tqven mosaubreTa<br />

`xelSi ayvana~ da saubris mTavari Temis Sesabamisad<br />

warmarTva ver moaxerxeT, interviu CaSlilia, Tundac<br />

saubari Zalze cxared da sainteresod warimarTos.<br />

marTalia, aseTi SemTxvevebi ufro metad teleekranebidan<br />

gvaxsovs, magram gazeTis furclebzec sakmaod xSiria.<br />

3. mTavari Temidan gadaxveva. 1980 wels kaxeTSi qorwilSi<br />

gaxldiT. cnobili da pativcemuli Tamada, yoveli<br />

sami-oTxi Wiqis Semdeg nefe-patarZals ubrundeboda da<br />

maT sadRegrZelos svamda. imereli stumrebi, etyoba, gaaoca<br />

Zia valodias originalurma Tamadobam da es gamoxates<br />

kidec. maSin brZenma Tamadam kidev erTxel Seavso Wiqa da<br />

aseTi ram brZana:<br />

_ am WiqiT Cvens nefe-patarZals gaumarjos, xalxo... imitom<br />

gaumarjos, roma, ar dagvaviwydes, aq riTvina vaarT<br />

mosuli!<br />

zogjer Jurnalisti sakuTari gamoucdelobisa Tu provinciuli<br />

Tavmdablobis gamo, aSkarad eqceva respondentis<br />

gavlenaSi. es gansakuTrebiT maSin xdeba, Tu respondenti<br />

cnobili da gavleniani piria. zogi Jurnalisti aRfr-<br />

Tovanebuli Sescicinebs TvalebSi moulodnelad misTvis<br />

kumirad qceul Tanamosaubres _ mas ki Seni mTavari Tema<br />

sulac ar epitneba da seqsualur umciresobaze dawyebuli<br />

saubari SeiZleba ise gadavides leiboristuli partiis<br />

dapirebebze, Tvalis daxamxamebac ki ver moaswroT. kidev<br />

erTxel gavimeoreb _ saWiroa sifrTxile. erTi wamiTac<br />

ar unda daiviwyoT, ratom wamoiwyeT es saubari da risTvis<br />

zixarT Tqvens TanamosaubreebTan.<br />

Tu interviu audio an videoteqnikaze gaqvT Cawerili,<br />

gaxsovdeT, Tqveni Tanamosaubre qriste ar aris, mxolod<br />

WeSmaritebebs rom RaRadebdes. amitom mis nalaparakevs<br />

kritikulad unda moekidoT.<br />

94

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Jurnalistika SekiTxvebis xelovnebaa<br />

mgoni, ukve vTqvi, rom Jurnalistika SekiTxvebis dasmis<br />

xelovnebaa. Zalian xSirad, interviuSi kiTxva pasuxze<br />

gacilebiT mniSvnelovania. yovel SemTxvevaSi, saintereso<br />

pasuxi rom miiRoT, saintereso SekiTxva unda dasvaT.<br />

me vicnobdi erT qarTvel mwerals, romelic sxvadasxva<br />

gazeTSi sxvadasxva fsevdonimiT sistematurad aqveynebda<br />

interviuebs... sakuTar TavTan. samarTlianobisTvis unda<br />

iTqvas, rom is kaci, sanam sakuTar genialobas daijerebda,<br />

urigo mwerali sulac ar yofila. ubralod, Jurnalistoba<br />

mwerlobasTan SedarebiT TamaSad miaCnda da imaSic<br />

darwmunebuli iyo, rom `did mweralTan~ intervius mxolod<br />

`didi mwerali~ Tu SeZlebda. baton `did mwerals~<br />

Tavisi interviuebi (` _ erTma Cemma nacnobma gaakeTa!~)<br />

didsulovnad mihqonda redaqciebSi. Tavad mwerlis garda<br />

yvelam icoda, rom es iyo sakuTari Tavis dacinva da saku-<br />

Tari xeliT yelis gamoWra. abezar mwerals arcTu gulubryvilo<br />

Jurnalistebi arafrismTqmel avtointerviuebs<br />

amitomac ubeWdavdnen.<br />

SekiTxvebis Zalian zogadi klasifikacia SesaZlebelia<br />

intervius tipis da avtoris (Jurnalistis) ganzraxvis<br />

mixedviT. anu SekiTxvebi SeiZleba iyos standartuli,<br />

naxevrad standartuli, Tavisufali da kombinirebuli.<br />

standartulia SekiTxvebi, roca isini kiTxvaris saxiT<br />

aris Sedgenili da pasuxebis gasacemad egzavneba respondents.<br />

rogorc wesi, aseT xerxs Jurnalistebi im pirebTan<br />

urTierTobisas mimarTaven, visTanac uSualo Sexvedra<br />

raime mizezis gamo (moucleloba, ambiciuroba...) ver xerxdeba.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, am xerxs xSirad mimarTaven araJurnalistebic.<br />

magaliTad, sagamoZiebo organoebis TanamSromlebi.<br />

sanimuSod gagacnobT erT aseT kiTxvars. misi avtoria<br />

saqarTvelos Ss saministros sagamoZiebo departamentis<br />

ufrosi gamomZiebeli, adresati _ Sps `saxelmwifo maregulirebeli<br />

sabWos generaluri direqtori:<br />

`batono givi!<br />

saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros sagamoZiebo<br />

95

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departamentis warmoebaSia sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi<br />

fizikuri pirebis mimarT, gadasaxadiT dasabegri sxva obieqtis<br />

damalvis faqtze.<br />

winaswari gamoZiebiT dadgenilia, rom fizikuri pirebi<br />

Tbilisis `marcvleulisa da navTobproduqtebis saerTa-<br />

Soriso birJidan~ axdendnen aSS xorblis da soios zeTis,<br />

italiuri brinjisa da xorcis konservebis Sesyidvas S.p.s.<br />

`T da kompanias~ meSveobiT.<br />

gTxovT gvacnoboT:<br />

1. gaaqvT Tu ara dadebuli xelSekruleba aRniSnul<br />

birJasTan an S.p.s. `T da kompaniasTan~?<br />

2. birJidan aRniSnuli produqciis SeZenisas ra uflebamovaleobebi<br />

Cndeba Tqvensa da fizikur pirebs Soris?<br />

3. saqarTveloSi konkretulad romel struqturebs<br />

ekuTvnis aRniSnuli produqcia da ra saxis xelSekrulebebi<br />

gaaqvT maTTan dadebuli?<br />

4. xelSekruleba dadebuli gaaqvT produqciis uSualo<br />

mwarmoebelTan Tu romelime, saqarTvelo, aSS, italia,<br />

saxelmwifo struqturasTan?<br />

5. vin awarmoebs aRniSnuli produqciis imports da ra<br />

wesiT? gTxovT mogvawodoT CvenTvis saintereso xelSekrulebebis<br />

da Tqveni S.p.s.-s wesdebis aslebi~ (`saqarTvelos<br />

respublikis~ informacia).<br />

am kiTxvaris avtori rom mSobliur enasTan erTob mwyralad<br />

brZandeba, amas Tavi davaneboT. kiTxvaridan gamomdinare,<br />

friad savalalo daskvnebis gamotana SeiZleba<br />

misi avtoris profesiuli codnis donis Taobaze. kerZod:<br />

am SekiTxvebis avtorma yurmokvriTac ar icis sasaqonlo<br />

birJis muSaobis specifikis Sesaxeb; ar icis sabazro ekonomikis<br />

elementaluri sakiTxebi; ar icis, ra doneze ideba<br />

saxelmwifoTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi; ar icis, ras niSnavs<br />

saqonlis importi da eqsporti; saerTod, ar icis,<br />

riT unda dainteresdes am konkretuli saqmis gamoZiebis<br />

dros.<br />

aseT uxerxul mdgomareobaSi SeiZleba aRmoCndes nebismieri<br />

Jurnalisti, vinc Tavis profesias, an, kerZod, romelime<br />

davalebas gulgrilad moekideba.<br />

naxevrad standartulia SekiTxvebi, roca kiTxvari<br />

96

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winaswar igegmeba, magram igi saubris mimdinareobisas vi-<br />

Tarebis kvaldakval icvleba. ase xdeba TiTqmis yoveli<br />

uSualo saubris dros.<br />

Tavisufali ewodeba iseT kiTxvebs, romelTa winaswar<br />

dagegmva praqtikulad SeuZlebelia, anu im SemTxvevaSi,<br />

roca Tqven, Jurnalisti, Segnebulad uTmobT iniciativas<br />

interviuers. amis magaliTad gamodgeba axlaxans Tqvens<br />

mier wakiTxuli Jurnalist iamze asaniSvilis interviuportreti<br />

mweral guram doCanaSvilTan.<br />

kombinirebul kiTxvebze, albaT, saubaric ar Rirs: aq<br />

aris yvelanairi SekiTxva erTad _ standartulic, naxevrad<br />

standartulic da Tavisufalic.<br />

aqve imasac vityvi, rom Tqvens mier Sesrulebuli interviu<br />

formis mixedviT, SeiZleba iyos monologi, dialogi,<br />

gamokiTxva, diskusia an preskonferencia. kidev erTxel<br />

vimeoreb, rom aq da yvela danarCen SemTxvevaSi moyvanili<br />

klasifikaciebi aris pirobiTi. metic, isini subieqturia,<br />

ara aqvs mtkicebulebis da, bunebrivia, arc kanonis Zala _<br />

gnebavT gaiziarebT, gnebavT _ ara. me gTavazobT sakuTar<br />

gamocdilebas. piradad Tqven an nebismierma sxva dainteresebulma<br />

pirma, SesaZloa, sayovelTaod cnobil sagnebs da<br />

movlenebs sxva saxelebi daarqvaT, an maTi analiziT sul<br />

sxva daskvnamde mixvideT.<br />

metoqe Tu Tanamoazre<br />

rogorc vTqvi, interviu Jurnalistikis erT-erTi<br />

yvelaze popularuli da yvelaze saintereso Janria.<br />

kargi intervius momzadebas bevri wvrilmani axlavs Tan,<br />

romelTa ugulebelyofa sasurveli ar aris. samwuxarod,<br />

yvelafers ver gavwvdebiT, magram vidre interviuze saubars<br />

davamTavrebdeT, erTi ram aucileblad unda iTqvas<br />

_ intervius Janris sagazeTo nawarmoebis avkargianobisTvis<br />

udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs Tqvens partniors, gnebavT,<br />

metoqes, mokled, im kacs, visTanac saubrobT _ respondents.<br />

TanamSromlebi. ramdeni adamiania, imdeni xasiaTia.<br />

97

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uklebliv yvelas winaswar gamocnoba an Seswavla Seu-<br />

Zlebelia. Tqven, Jurnalists, amas arc aravin mogTxovT.<br />

ubralod, unda gaxsovdeT, rom Tqveni intervius subieqti<br />

SeiZleba sakmaod aqtiuri TanamSromlobis momxre aRmoCndes<br />

da bevri iniciativa swored misgan wamovides. rame<br />

ki ar damalos, piriqiT, TviTon iyos dainteresebuli ra-<br />

Rac informaciis gavrcelebaSi da amaSi TviTonve dagexmaros.<br />

ver vityvi, xSirad-meTqi, magram aseTi respondentebi<br />

namdvilad Semxvedria. maTTan muSaoba SedarebiT ioli da,<br />

rac mTavaria, sasiamovnoa.<br />

gulgrilebi. ufro xSirad, Tqveni partniori interviuze<br />

gTanxmdebaT, xazgasmuli TavazianobiTac gxvdebaT,<br />

magram mTeli saubris ganmavlobaSi fanjaraSi iyureba,<br />

telefonze saubrobs, gagrZnobinebs, rom mas TqvenTan<br />

saubari maincdamainc ar ainteresebs. amgvari gulgriloba<br />

SeiZleba namdvilic iyos da moCvenebiTic. zog biznesmens,<br />

politikoss, sportsmens an msaxiobs hgonia, rom rac ufro<br />

yinCad da gulgrilad daiWers Tavs JurnalistebTan, miT<br />

ukeTesi. aseTi ram adamians ufro axalgazrdul asakSi<br />

emarTeba _ fiqrobs, rom gulgrilis niRabi solidurobas<br />

matebs. amitom, Tu igrZnobT, rom Tqveni respondenti<br />

eSmakobs da gulgrilobis fardis miRma SeiZleba alali<br />

guliTadoba imalebodes, nu daiwyebT saubars pirdapir<br />

saqmeze _ SeuqeT halstuxi, uTxariT, rom axla swored<br />

aseTebia modaSi; esaubreT kompiuteris mexsierebaze, aRfrTovandiT<br />

misi patara qaliSvilis silamaziT da gonierebiT...<br />

Tu aman ar gaWra, beds SeurigdiT _ bunebaSi<br />

marTlac arian gulgrili adamianebi.<br />

agresiulebi. 90-ian wlebSi gavicani saqarTvelos soflis<br />

meurneobis ministri bakur gulua. Cven male davmegobrdiT.<br />

es iyo uaRresad saqmiani, energiuli, kompetenturi<br />

da niWieri kaci. SesaniSnavad icoda qarTuli da msoflio<br />

literatura. iyo poeziis ara marto kargi mcodne, aramed<br />

Semfasebelic.<br />

am marTlac niWierma kacma, albaT, Tavisi xasiaTidan gamomdinare,<br />

verafriT ver moaxerxa normaluri urTierTobis<br />

damyareba JurnalistebTan. sastikad aRizianebda Jurnalistebis<br />

mcire arakompetenturobac ki da amis xazgas-<br />

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mas maSinve, preskonferenciis mimdinareobisas cdilobda<br />

_ `Tqven ar iciT es sakiTxi~; `Tqven arasworad svamT<br />

SekiTxvas~; `Tqven aSkara ucodinrobas amJRavnebT...~<br />

amis garda, xSirad SekiTxvaze pasuxs SekiTxviTve<br />

iZleoda _ `aba, Tqven ra ggoniaT?~ `Tqven ras fiqrobT?~<br />

`Tqveni azriT, sxvanairadac SeiZleba?..~<br />

Jurnalistebi swrafad mixvdnen ministris am sisustes<br />

da sargeblobdnen kidec amiT _ TiTqmis yvela gazeTSi<br />

iyo gauTavebeli qiliki bakur guluas preskonferenciebis<br />

gamo. amgvari damokidebuleba, ra Tqma unda, xels<br />

uwyobda ministris arapopularobas. arada, Tavisi moRvaweobiT<br />

igi qiliks, gakilvas da mZafr kritikas sulac ar<br />

imsaxurebda.<br />

batonma bakurma Cveni erT-erTi saubrisas JurnalistebTan<br />

Tavis am agresiul damokidebulebas saxeli TviTonve<br />

daarqva _ friadosani mowafis sindromi.<br />

Tu Tqven saqme gainteresebT da respondentis uaryofi-<br />

Ti portretis daxatvas ar apirebT, Tanamosaubris<br />

agresiul tons yuradRebas nu miaqcevT (Tu, ra Tqma unda,<br />

yvelaferi es xelCarTul Cxubsa da pirad SeuracxyofaSi<br />

ar gadaizrdeba). gaxsovdeT, rom zogs, ubralod, saubris<br />

agresiuli manera aqvs da amis ukan gulTbili, wesieri,<br />

saqmiani adamiani dgas. zogi ki kargad daswavlili aristokratiuli<br />

manerebiT da megobruli toniT sakuTar<br />

ugulobas da borot zraxvebs malavs. Tqveni, rogorc Jurnalistis,<br />

amocana orive SemTxvevaSi Zalian rTulia _<br />

daskvnebis gamotanas nu iCqarebT.<br />

Tqvens damokidebulebas respondentTan gansaz-<br />

Rvravs Tqveni mizani. es damokidebuleba SeiZleba iyos<br />

civi (oficialuri), Tbili (megobruli), magram aravi-<br />

Tar SemTxvevaSi _ gulgrili an agresiuli. imis miuxedavad,<br />

TviTon rogor uWiravs Tavi respondents, masTan<br />

urTierTobisas aucilebelia xazgasmuli Tavazianoba.<br />

xSirad Jurnalisti respondents erTob familarulad,<br />

Sinaurulad epyroba. amiT mas surs, xazi gausvas sakuTar<br />

megobrul damokidebulebas sazogadoebisTvis kargad cnobil<br />

adamianTan. es megobroba SeiZleba bunebaSi marTlac<br />

arsebobdes, SeiZleba arc arsebobdes. merwmuneT, orive<br />

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SemTxvevaSi mkiTxvels aRizianebs Tqveni grZnobebis gamomzeureba;<br />

fiqrobs, rom Jurnalists sakuTari personis<br />

warmoCena respondentis informaciaze metad ainteresebs.<br />

monologi<br />

am berZnuli (monologos, monos _ erTi, logos _ sityva)<br />

xsenebisas Tvalwin warmogvidgeba Zveli berZnuli tragediebis<br />

gmirebi, tribunidan gadmomdgari politikosebi,<br />

an qadagad davardnili TeTrwvera damrigeblebi. es asecaa,<br />

magram monologi erTi Jurnalisturi xerxic gaxlavT.<br />

Teoretikosebi cota sxvagvarad fiqroben, magram,<br />

Cemi azriT, monologi intervius erT-erT saxesxvaobacaa.<br />

ubralod, avtori ar cdilobs sakuTari ganswavlulobis<br />

Cvenebas _ ar wers sakuTar SekiTxvebs da asparezs mTlianad<br />

respondents uTmobs.<br />

monologis xerxs SedarebiT iSviaTad iyeneben. anu Jurnalistis<br />

karieraSi sakmaod iSviaTia SemTxveva, roca<br />

mas respondentTan kamaTisa Tu ara, masTan zogierTi<br />

faqtis dazustebis survili ar uCndeba. ufro zustad,<br />

survili, albaT, uCndeba, magram respondenti ise saintereso<br />

pirovnebaa, rom masTan kamaTiT monaTxrobis pewi<br />

daikargeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Jurnalisti swiravs zogierT,<br />

Tundac, Zalian saintereso faqts da ukomentarod<br />

gvTavazobs mxolod respondentis Tvalsazriss. vgulisxmob,<br />

ra Tqma unda, iseT Jurnalists, romelsac informaciis<br />

damaxinjebisadmi midrekilebebi ar gaaCnia.<br />

monologi is xerxia, sadac yvelaze metad mJRavndeba<br />

Jurnalistis... mwerluri niWi. vimeoreb, mJRavndeba Jurnalistis<br />

mwerluri niWi da ara mwerlis Jurnalisturi<br />

SesaZleblobebi. sxvaTa Soris, niWic da kvalifikaciac,<br />

SesaZloa, ar gamogadgeT, Tu Tqven respondentisadmi uaRresad<br />

keTilganwyobili ar iqnebiT. amitom, Tu sxvisi piriT<br />

monologis warmoTqma gsurT, Zalian kargad dafiqrdiT<br />

Tqvens im konkretul `xsvasTan~ damokidebuldebaze.<br />

modi, jer erTi sakmaod vrceli monologis nimuSi vnaxoT:<br />

100

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Cemi qmari lavrenti beria<br />

dneprispira didi qalaqis gareubanSi, myudro, mwvaneSi<br />

Caflul quCaze, `xruSCovis~ binaSi cxovrobs 86<br />

wlis sandomiani, cocxalTvaleba da mkvircxli gonebis<br />

qarTveli mandilosani.<br />

igi ukve didi xania daiviwya Tanamedroveobam.<br />

odindeli silamazis kvali axlac atyvia. saocari<br />

mexsiereba aqvs da SesaniSnavi qarTuliT saubrobs.<br />

sabWoTa kavSiris istoriaSi arasodes asrulebda<br />

raime mniSvnelovan rols, verc maSindel Sinaur Tu<br />

sagareo politikaze axdenda gavlenas. arc sazRvargareT<br />

mogzaurobda da kremlSi oficialur miRebebsac<br />

iSviaTad eswreboda (politikosTa colebi maSin jer<br />

kidev ar monawileobdnen did politikaSi).<br />

da, mainc, TiTqmis TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi igi<br />

iyo sabWoTa kavSiris upirvelesi ledi, meuRle kacisa,<br />

vis saxels dResac ki erTgvari SiSiTa da krZalviT vaxsenebT:<br />

lavrenti beria!<br />

vuyureb am saTno moxucs da Zalian minda gadavixedo<br />

ormocdaaTi wlis miRma, davinaxo axalgazrda, ulamazesi<br />

Zlevamosili qalbatoni _ nino gegeWkori!<br />

...Raribi kacis ojaxSi davibade. saerTod, im dros, Se-<br />

Zlebuli ojaxebi saqarTveloSi TiTze CamosaTvleli Tu<br />

iqneboda. droc areuli iyo _ revoluciebi, partiebi,<br />

Sexla-Semoxla. biZis, saSa gegeWkoris* ojaxSi vizrdebodi.<br />

quTaisSi vcxovrobdiT, skolaSic iq davdiodi.<br />

saSa revoluciuri moRvaweobisTvis cixeSi ijda. misi<br />

meuRle xSirad dadioda qmris sanaxavad. me patara gogo<br />

viyavi da bicolas sul ukan davdevdi. cixeSic mivyvebodi<br />

xolme, mainteresebda. sxvaTa Soris, maSin patimrebs urigod<br />

ar epyrobodnen. is vaJbatonic maSin saSasTan erTad<br />

brZandeboda cixeSi. me mas ar vicnobdi, TviTon ki, Turme,<br />

damimaxsovra.<br />

saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg<br />

saSa TbilisSi gadmoiyvanes da, bunebrivia, mec maT<br />

ojaxTan erTad Camovedi. ukve mozrdili gogo viyavi. erTi<br />

wyvili kargi fexsacmeli mqonda, magram bicola yoveldRe<br />

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ar macmevda, ufrTxildeboda. saswavlebelSi ZvelebiT<br />

davdiodi. centralur quCebs veridebodi, mrcxvenoda.<br />

maxsovs, sabWoTa xelisufleba axali damyarebuli<br />

iyo da Cven, moswavleebma da studentebma mis winaaRmdeg<br />

demonstracia gavmarTeT. wyali mogvasxes, sul gaviwuwe<br />

da Sin gaviqeci. iq kidev bicola mekiTxeba, ra moxdao.<br />

mec vuambe. amis gamo erTi mimbegva _ Sen saSa gegeWkoris<br />

ojaxSi cxovrob da Tan saSa gegeWkoris winaaRmdeg demonstraciebSi<br />

monawileobo?!<br />

erTxel skolis gzaze damxvda lavrenti (gasabWoebis<br />

Semdeg xSirad modioda saSasTan da me mas ukve vicnobdi).<br />

Camacivda, ginda Tu ara, unda SevxvdeT da vilaparakoTo.<br />

davTanxmdi. naZaladevSi SevxvdiT. iq Cemi ufrosi da da<br />

siZe cxovrobdnen da amitom im ubans kargad vicnobdi. skamze<br />

CamovjeqiT. lavrentis ecva Savi palto da exura studentis<br />

qudi. miTxra, rom didi xania makvirdeba, Zalian<br />

movwonvar... ho, isic miTxra, rom vuyvardi da undoda colad<br />

gavyolodi. maSin Teqvsmetnaxevari wlis viyavi.<br />

rogorc amixsna, Turme, sabWoTa xelisufleba gzavnida<br />

belgiaSi navTobis sakiTxebis Sesaswavlad, oRond, erTi<br />

pirobiT _ coli unda SeerTo. miTxra, rom mec xels Semiwyobda<br />

swavlaSi. davfiqrdi da davTanxmdi _ sxvis ojaxSi<br />

cxovrebas varCie am kacs gavyolodi da sakuTari ojaxi<br />

Semeqmna. igi maSin ocdaori wlis iyo. aravisTvis miTqvams,<br />

ise gavyevi colad. albaT, amis gamo mere gavrcelda Wori,<br />

TiTqos lavrentim momitaca. ara, batono, sakuTari nebiT<br />

gavyevi. Tumca, axlac ase ar aris? _ gayveba gogo biWs<br />

da mere amas daarqmeven motacebas. erT weliwads baqoSi<br />

vcxovrobdiT, mere TbilisSi davbrundiT. ocdaoTxSi<br />

SegveZina biWi, sergo.<br />

sazRvargareT saswavleblad wasvla jer gadaido, mere<br />

SeuZlebeli gaxda, radgan lavrenti saxelmwifo saqmeebSi<br />

Caeflo da aRarsad aRar gaagzavnes.<br />

Raribad vcxovrobdiT. maSin dro iyo aseTi, adamianurad<br />

cxovreba sircxvilad iTvleboda, simdidres vebrZodiT.<br />

ocdaTerTmetSi lavrenti saqarTvelos cekas pirvel<br />

mdivnad daniSnes. manamde am postze qarTveliSvili muSaobda.<br />

ucnauri kaci iyo. rogorc Cans, Tanamdebobam gaaTama-<br />

102

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ma. erTi rusi Tanamdebobis piri iyo, erSovi da imas waarTva<br />

qarTveliSvilma coli. is qali, mere, roca qarTveliSvili<br />

moxsnes, sxvas gahyva.<br />

lavrenti mudam uaRresad dakavebuli iyo. dro ojaxisTvis<br />

TiTqmis ar rCeboda. Zalian bevrs Sromobda. axla<br />

advilia kritika, magram maSin marTla brZola iyo _ sab-<br />

WoTa xelisuflebas unda gaemarjva. xom gaxsovT, ras<br />

werda stalini socializmis mtrebis Sesaxeb. is mtrebi<br />

realurad arsebobdnen. axla yvela buRalters SeuZlia<br />

adges da ramdenic unda, akritikos stalini. me vicnobdi<br />

am kacs, Tavis droze misvla-mosvla gvqonda erTmaneTTan.<br />

marTalia, igi Zalian mkacri, sastikic ki iyo, magram vin<br />

ityvis, rom im periodSi sisastike saWiro ar iyo? stalins<br />

undoda Seeqmna didi da Zlieri saxelmwifo da man es Seqmna<br />

STamomavlobisTvis. marTalia, amas Seewira bevri adamiani,<br />

magram sad iyo, ratom veravin dainaxa sxva gza, romelic<br />

umtkivneulod migviyvanda miznamde?<br />

mere svetamac* (svetlana alilueva, stalinis qaliSvili,<br />

_ T. q). dawera, mamaCemi sastikad mepyrobodao. sveta<br />

Cems Tvalwin gaizarda. Zalian niWieri da mizandasaxuli<br />

adamiani iyo, sayvareli bavSvi. Zalian uyvarda mamamiss.<br />

hoda, es sayvareli qaliSvili erT mSvenier dRes ucxadebs<br />

mamas, rom Seuyvarda masze 23 wliT ufrosi ebraeli re-<br />

Jisori kapleri da apirebs colad gahyves. Tqven rogor<br />

moiqceviT, Tqvenma Teqvsmeti wlis qaliSvilma sakiTxi<br />

ase rom dagisvaT? mamam erTi sila gaawna Tavis qaliSvils.<br />

kaplerma ki is miiRo, risi Rirsic iyo: mas ar hyvarebia sveta,<br />

undoda stalinis ojaxSi SemZvraliyo da darwmunebuli<br />

var, amaSi mas raRac Zlieri organizacia umagrebda<br />

zurgs.<br />

axla stalinze aTasgvar zRapars hyvebian. igi iyo Cveulebrivi<br />

adamiani. Tavisi sisusteebic hqonda. Svilebs yuradRebas<br />

ar aqcevdao. rogor ar aqcevda, magram igi Svilebs<br />

ar aqcevda zedmet yuradRebas. miaCnda, rom maT TviTon,<br />

damoukideblad unda epovnaT cxovrebis gza. Tundac ia-<br />

Sas, stalinis ufrosi vaJis cxovreba aris amis magaliTi.<br />

moskovSi gadavediT 1938 wlis damlevs. am dros ocdaCvidmetis<br />

represiebi ukve Cavlili iyo. roca Cemi qm-<br />

103

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is Sesaxeb weren, am garemoebas ar iTvaliswineben. ase umjobesia:<br />

aris kaci, visac SeiZleba yvela amqveyniur codvaSi<br />

dasdo brali. darwmunebuli var, odesRac daiwereba<br />

obieqturi istoria, romelic yvelafers Tavis adgils<br />

miuCens. me ver moveswrebi amas, magram Tqven xom aucileblad<br />

moeswrebiT, jer axalgazrda xarT.<br />

ra SeiZleba icodes, magaliTad, anastas miqoianis Svilma,<br />

ase TavgamodebiT rom amtkicebs raRac absurdebs? _<br />

araferi, magram, mainc wers, albaT, Tavis gamoCenis mizniT.<br />

es ar aris wesieri saqcieli!<br />

lavrentis brali dasdes vano sturuas ojaxis tragediaSi.<br />

es aris udidesi ciliswameba... iciT, maSin moqmedebda<br />

iseTi manqana, romlis SeCereba an mimarTulebis Secvla<br />

aravis SeeZlo. arc lavrentis.<br />

qarTuli gazeTebi maqvs gamowerili: `literaturuli<br />

saqarTvelo~, `samSoblo~ da `Tbilisi~, saRamos gazeTi.<br />

Jurnalebic momdis, mobrZandiT, `ciskari~ unda gaCvenoT.<br />

aq aris dastambuli gabriel jabuSanuris poema, romelic,<br />

Turme, stalinis sicocxleSi yofila dawerili da axla<br />

daibeWda. SeiZleba, ra Tqma unda, ar giyvardes kaci, magram<br />

masze aseTi toniT wera ar SeiZleba. Tundac yvelaferi is,<br />

rasac amboben, marTali iyos, qarTvels mainc ar Seefereba<br />

stalinis ase lanZRva _ asea Tu ise, igi mainc qarTveli<br />

iyo. Tu gasalanZRia, galanZRos sxvam, Cven nu gamoviCenT<br />

iniciativas...<br />

me arasodes Cavreulvar Cemi qmris samsaxurebriv saqmeebSi.<br />

maSindeli moRvaweebi colebs ar anebivrebdnen ise,<br />

dRes rom anebivreben. amitom CemTvis SeuZlebelia lavrentis<br />

saqmeebze laparaki. is, rac mas oficialurad dasdes<br />

bralad, saxelmwifos Ralati, ubralod, demagogiaa _ ra-<br />

Rac xom unda daebralebinaT. eSinodaT, stalinis Semdeg<br />

berias ar daeWira misi adgili. me vicnobdi Cemi qmris xasiaTs<br />

da darwmunebuli var, mas eyofoda goniereba da ar<br />

daiCemebda pirvelobas. igi praqtikuli Wkuis kaci iyo da<br />

icoda, rom stalinis Semdeg isev qarTveli kacis saxelmwifos<br />

saTaveSi misvla gamoricxuli iyo. amitom, albaT, igi<br />

xels Seuwyobda misTvis sasurvel pirovnebas, magaliTad,<br />

malenkovs.<br />

104

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...ormocdacametis ivnisSi Cven (me da Cemi Svili sergo*)<br />

moulodnelad dagvapatimres da sxvadasxva cixeSi<br />

Cagvketes. Tavidan vfiqrobdiT, rom moxda saxelmwifo<br />

gadatrialeba, ufro swored, raRac kontrrevoluciis<br />

magvari da saTaveSi movida antikomunisturi Zala. me `butirkaSi~<br />

viyavi. yoveldRe modioda gamomZiebeli, romelic<br />

moiTxovda Cvenebebs Cemi qmris winaaRmdeg. meubneboda,<br />

rom `xalxi aRSfoTebuli iyo lavrentis saqcieliT~.<br />

me mas ganvucxade, rom araviTar Cvenebas ar mivcemdi, arc<br />

kargs da arc cuds. mere aRar Sevuwuxebivar. weliwadze<br />

met xans viyavi cixeSi. braldebebi? rogor ara, wamomiyenes,<br />

magram nu gaicinebT, es savsebiT seriozulad iyo<br />

naTqvami: brali medeboda erTi kasri wiTeli miwis CamotanaSi<br />

ruseTis araSavmiwiani zonidan moskovSi. saqme is gaxlavT,<br />

rom me vmuSaobdi sasoflo-sameurneo akademiaSi,<br />

vikvlevdi niadagis Semadgenlobas. Cemi TxovniT, odesRac<br />

marTla Camomitanes erTi kasri wiTeli miwa. igi Turme,<br />

CamoutaniaT TviTmfrinaviT. ese igi, saxelmwifos transporti<br />

gamoiyenes kerZo miznebisTvis.<br />

meore braldeba gaxldaT daqiravebuli Sromis gamoyeneba:<br />

TbilisSi cxovrobda cnobili mkeravi vinme `saSa<br />

partnoi~. swored es `saSa partnoi~ Camosula CemTan moskovSi,<br />

Seukeria kaba da me misTvis gadamixdia Sesabamisi<br />

gasamrjelo. albaT, asec iyo. axla zustad ar maxsovs, rodis<br />

iyo CemTan Tbiliseli mkeravi, magram namdvilad iqneboda.<br />

oRond, Tu es danaSaulia, axlac ar vici.<br />

Cemi yuriT momismenia, rogor yvebodnen, TiTqos<br />

quTaisidan guriamde vimgzavre oqros eJvnebiani cxeniT.<br />

cxeniT marTlac vimgzavre odesRac, magram oqros mosar-<br />

Tavebiani namdvilad ar yofila. xom iciT, adamianebs Zalian<br />

uyvarT ararsebulis gamogoneba da mere imis sinamdviled<br />

warmoCena...<br />

cixeSi movida erTi Cemi `keTilismyofeli~ da damariga,<br />

aseT pirobebSi yofnas gijobs gancxadeba dawero da saavadmyofoSi<br />

gadagiyvanTo. marTlac Zalze mZime pirobebSi<br />

viyavi. `odinoCka~ karceri xom gagigoniaT, swored iq. im<br />

sakanSi arc dawola SeiZleboda, arc dajdoma. ase viyavi<br />

erT weliwadze met xans. saavadmyofoze uari ganvacxade,<br />

105

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adgan zedamxedvelma miCurCula, Tqvenze amboben, gagi-<br />

Jda da fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoSi imyofebao.<br />

erT dRes gamomZiebelma mamcno, Svidas samocma qalma<br />

aRiara, berias sayvarlebi varTo! saocaria, pirdapir:<br />

lavrenti dRes da Rames SromaSi asworebda da rodisRa<br />

moaswro, netav, qalTa am legionis sayvarlebad gadaqceva?!<br />

sxva ambavia aq: omis dros da merec igi xelmZRvanelobda<br />

dazvervas da kontrdazvervas. es qalebi ki iyvnen misi<br />

informatorebi, romlebsac mxolod lavrentisTan hqondaT<br />

uSualo kavSiri. lavrentis fenomenaluri mexsiereba<br />

hqonda da es samsaxurebrivi urTierTobani am qalebTan<br />

(albaT, sxvebTanac) inaxeboda mis gonebaSi. xolo, roca<br />

am TanamSromlebs SefTan urTierTobis Sesaxeb hkiTxes,<br />

bunebrivia, yvelam Tqva, sayvareli viyavio. aba, agentobas<br />

xom ar daibralebdnen?!<br />

erTi wlis Semdeg me da sergo pirutyvis gadasayvan<br />

matarebelSi Cagvsxes da sverdlovskSi Cagviyvanes.<br />

iq xuTasi maneTi (axlandeli ormocdaaTi) mogvces da...<br />

gagviSves. Zalian gviWirda ubinaod, usaxsrod, umuSevrad.<br />

mere, rogorc iqna, sergom teqnikosis Tanamdeboba iSova<br />

(cixidan gamosvlisas zeinkal-teqnikosis diplomi misces)<br />

da muSaoba daiwyo.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, sergo dapatimrebis momentSi iyo teqnikur<br />

mecnierebaTa doqtori. me ar vamtkiceb, rom igi ra-<br />

Rac araCveulebrivi niWiT dajildoebuli kacia, magram<br />

igi aris namdvilad Zalze niWieri da Sromismoyvare adamiani.<br />

aseTi iyo mudam. amis garda, ra dasamalia, mas saSualeba<br />

hqonda eswavla. konsultaciebi mieRo saukeTeso<br />

specialistebisagan, bolos da bolos, SeerCia is specialoba,<br />

romelic yvelaze metad ainteresebda. dapatimrebis<br />

Semdeg mas CamoarTves xarisxebi da, rogorc giTxariT,<br />

teqnikosis mowmoba misces. mere, Cemi daJinebuli<br />

TxovniT, Tavidan daiwyo yvelaferi da axla, madloba<br />

RmerTs, beds ar vemduriT: kargi samsaxuri aqvs, maRali<br />

xelfasi, dafaseba.<br />

sverdlovskis gadasaxleba ramdenime wlis Semdeg<br />

Segvicvales da ufleba mogvces gvecxovra sabWoTa kavSiris<br />

nebismier qalaqSi moskovis garda. bunebrivia, me<br />

106

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saqarTveloSi Camosvla vindome. Camovedi kidec. Cems<br />

mSobliur martvils mivaSure. iqaur raikomis mdivans<br />

mivakiTxe da vTxove, oriode goji miwa gamoeyo CemTvis.<br />

imedi mqonda, keTili xalxis daxmarebiT patara saxls<br />

Cavdgamdi, iq vicxovrebdi da iqve davimarxebodi. ar<br />

gamarTlda Cemi molodini. male quTaisidan Camovida organos<br />

ori TanamSromeli da `Zalze Tavazianad~ gamomistumres<br />

ukan, ruseTSi. mas Semdeg aqa var da saqarTvelos<br />

natvraSi amomdis suli.<br />

Tvalyurs vadevneb yvelafers, rac saqarTeloSi xdeba.<br />

RmerTma xelis moumarTos yvelas, vinc Tavisi samSoblos<br />

keTildReobisTvis ibrZolebs. adamiani mxolod Tavisi<br />

samSoblosTvis unda zrunavdes. sxva eri arasodes dagifasebs<br />

samsaxurs. aviRoT, Tundac stalini, orjonikiZe,<br />

CxeiZe, wereTeli, gegeWkori, beria da bevri sxva. imaT<br />

marTlac swamdaT, rom ibrZodnen raRac diadi miznisTvis,<br />

kacobriobisTvis. ra gamovida mere aqedan? _ Tavis<br />

ers, samSoblos vercerTi ver gamoadga, im meore erma ki<br />

ar miiRo maTi samsaxuri. es xalxi usamSoblod gadaego.<br />

ase mouva yvelas, vinc Tavisi eris interesebs sxvas anacvalebs.<br />

es unda gaiTvaliswinon axlandelma politikurma<br />

moRvaweebmac...<br />

Tu ar damzardebiT, erT patara baraTs gagatanT Cems<br />

axloblebTan TbilisSi.<br />

`Cemo Tamar, var cocxali, magram, vai, aseT sicocxles.<br />

ukve 90 wels miaxloebuli, var Cavardnili loginSi da<br />

dauxmareblad Cems oTaxSic ver davdivar. mainc mesmis,<br />

rom qveyanaSi bevri ram Seicvala. ucvlelia mxolod Cemi<br />

siyvaruli saqarTvelosadmi da yvela Tqvendami. iyaviT<br />

sul kargad da bednierad. nino gegeWkori. 9. VII. 90.~<br />

qalbatonma ninom sityva `ucvlelia~ didi asoebiT<br />

dawera da qveS ori sqeli xazi gausva (`7 dRis~ informacia).<br />

imedia, waikiTxeT. albaT, kiTxva gagiCndaT, _ viziareb<br />

Tu ara me, am monologis avtori, nino gegeWkoris zogierT<br />

mosazrebas ioseb stalinis an lavrenti berias Sesaxeb?<br />

_ ar viziareb, magram amas arca aqvs raime mniSvneloba.<br />

mkiTxvelisTvis mTavaria, ras fiqrobs meuRle im adami-<br />

107

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anisa, visi mTeli cxovreba, moRvaweoba da sikvdili idumalebis<br />

burusiTaa moculi (samwuxarod, Zlier meeWveba,<br />

rom es burusi odesme gaifantos).<br />

legendadaa qceuli TviT nino gegeWkoris cxovrebisa<br />

da, rac mTavaria, misi silamazis ambavi. 1990 wlis zafxuls<br />

kievSi me vnaxe siberisgan jangatexili, damWknari da mainc<br />

momxiblavi moxuci qalbatoni. maSin ukve SeuZlebeli iyo<br />

odesRac Tavzardamcemi silamazis qalis warmodgena. im<br />

qalisa, romelic iyo lavrenti berias coli da TxuTmeti<br />

wlis ganmavlobaSi kviraSi orjer mainc sakuTar ojaxSi<br />

maspinZlobda kacobriobis istoriaSi arsebul yvelaze<br />

did tirans.<br />

STabeWdilebis Sesaqmnelad verc ojaxur arqivSi SemTxveviT<br />

SemorCenili Zveli fotoebi ivargebs. me var erTaderTi,<br />

vinc Tavad moxuci deida ninosgan icis, ratom ar undoda<br />

moxuc deida ninos arcerT mamakacTan Sexvedra _ ar<br />

minda, vinmem aseTi mnaxoso!<br />

gazeT `7 dReSi~ gamoqveynebuli es monologi TiTqmis<br />

maSinve gadabeWda ruseTis, ukrainis, belorusis gazeTebma,<br />

TviT `Совершенно секретно~-mac ki (daaxloebiT erTi<br />

Tvis Semdeg ramdenime evropulma gazeTma). cota mogvianebiT,<br />

TiTqmis ucvlelad daibeWda moskovSi gamocemul<br />

wignSi `Кремлевские жены~. mokled, ucnob gazeTSi (es iyo<br />

`7 dRis~ pirveli nomeri) gamoqveynebul nino gegeWkoris<br />

monologs komunisturi wyobisTvis absoluturad ucxo<br />

aJiotaJi, grandiozuli gamoxmaureba da, ra Tqma unda,<br />

specsamsaxurebis dainteresebac mohyva.<br />

Zalian minda cota kidev wavitrabaxo, magram aJiotaJi<br />

gamoiwvia ara Cemma Jurnalisturma naRvawma, aramed TviT<br />

nino gegeWkoris pirovnebam da lavrenti berias ojaxisadmi<br />

sazogadoebis uzarmazarma interesma. Cemi, Jurnalistis<br />

damsaxureba is gaxlavT, rom movaxerxe im idumal<br />

qalbatonTan Sexvedra, visac arc Cemamde da arc Cems<br />

Semdeg msoflios arcerTi Jurnalisti ar Sexvedria (nino<br />

gegeWkori Cveni Sexvedridan zustad erTi wlis Semdeg kievSi<br />

gardaicvala. misi ferfli dakrZalulia TbilisSi,<br />

`zRvis sasaflaoze~).<br />

108

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samwuxaroa, magram Tqven TviT hamletis an mefe liris<br />

sakadrisi monologebic rom daweroT, iqneb sazogadoebis<br />

yuradReba mainc ver miipyroT, Tuki im genialuri monologis<br />

mTqmeli estradis ucnobi varskvlavi an adgilobrivi<br />

mniSvnelobis `saxelganTqmuli~ politikosi iqneba.<br />

mokled, kargi monologisTvis saWiroa daxvewili Jurnalisturi<br />

teqnikac da respondentis avtoritetic. vgulisxmob,<br />

obieqturad arsebul avtoritets da ara prezidentis<br />

(Tundac, aSS-sa) brZanebiT SeTxzuls.<br />

monologis Seqmnis TviT procesi faqizi da macduri ramea.<br />

rogorc wesi, Zalze saintereso respondentTa (Tundac<br />

genialurTa) udidesi umravlesoba gaugebrad saubrobs,<br />

ar icavs qronologias, gadadis erTi ambidan meoreze,<br />

aWianurebs erT an kvecavs meore ambavs. zogjer misi<br />

xatovani naambobiT aRfrTovanebuli rCebiT, xolo roca<br />

saqme daweraze midgeba, oriode banaluri anekdotis garda<br />

xelT araferi aRmogaCndebaT.<br />

nino gegeWkors Tu davubrundebiT, es monologi rom<br />

damewera, Cven zustad Svidi dRis ganmavlobaSi vsaubrobdiT.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, misTvis ar miTqvams, rom Jurnalisti viyavi<br />

da raimes daweras vapirebdi. masTan mivedi, rogorc<br />

naTesavi _ dis SviliSvili. bunebrivia, arc kalmiT, arc<br />

diqtofoniT, arc videoTi araferi Camiweria. intervius<br />

dawera da gamoqveyneba gadamawyvetina misma erTma frazam:<br />

`me erTaderT qarTvel Jurnalists mivcemdi intervius.<br />

ai, imas, gazeT `TbilisSi~ rom muSaobs~.<br />

deida ninos maSin arc ufiqria, rom masTan misuli naTesavi<br />

iyo swored is Jurnalisti, visac igi gazeT `Tbilisidan~<br />

icnobda.<br />

deida ninos masalis gamoqveynebis Semdeg sayveduri ar<br />

uTqvams. piriqiT, kievidan didi madloba da Cemi patara<br />

qaliSvilisTvis suveniri gamomigzavna _ mas xom isedac<br />

surda Jurnalist qoriZesTan Sexvedra!<br />

rac mTavaria, Tu gsurT, mkiTxvelma daijeros, rom es<br />

monologi marTlac imas ekuTvnis, visac Tqven `abralebT~,<br />

unda rogorme SeinarCunoT mTxrobelis stili.<br />

109

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dialogi<br />

rogorc mixvdiT, es terminic berZnulidan momdinareobs<br />

da niSnavs saubars ori an meti piris monawileobiT.<br />

ase eZaxian saubris formiT daweril literaturul nawarmoebsac.<br />

uZvelesi droidan, am formiT iwereboda samecniero,<br />

kerZod, filosofiuri naSromebi. amgvari dialogis<br />

brwyinvale da ukvdavi nimuSebi Seqmna didma berZenma<br />

filosofosma platonma (427-347 wlebi Cvens welTaRricxvamde).<br />

didi germaneli poetisa da moazrovnis, iohan volfgang<br />

goeTes Semoqmedebis bevri niuansi, misi dakvirvebebi<br />

literaturasa da xelovnebaze kacobriobisTvis samaradisod<br />

saidumlod darCeboda, rom ara iohan peter ekermani.<br />

igi mTeli aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, 1823 wlidan mefepoetis<br />

gardacvalebamde, iyo goeTes mdivani, uaxloeis*<br />

megobari da mesaidumle. am xnis ganmavlobaSi man germanuli<br />

sizustiTa da gulmodginebiT Caiwera misi <strong>saubrebi</strong><br />

bumberaz moazrovnesTan.<br />

axalgazrda ekermani gangebis ZaliT goeTes rom ar Sexvedroda,<br />

germanuli literaturis istoriaSi albaT mainc<br />

ipovida adgils, rogorc XIX saukunis erT-erTi uniWieresi<br />

poeti da uspetakesi adamiani. magram yvela misi literaturuli<br />

naSromi daCrdila `goeTes saubrebma ekermanTan~.<br />

sanam `Tqvens~ Jurnalistur Janrad dialogs airCevdeT,<br />

gaiTvaliswineT, rom platoni sokratesTan saubrobs,<br />

xolo ekermani _ goeTesTan. mTeli kacobriobis filosofiuri<br />

azri ki am ori mwvervalis donemde jerac ver amaRlebula.<br />

xatovnad rom vTqvaT, sokrate platonSi arsebobs. es<br />

Tavmdabali platoni gvamcnobs, sokrate ase azrovnebda<br />

da msjelobdao. sinamdvileSi, dResac aravin icis,<br />

sad mTavrdeba sokrate da sad iwyeba platoni. amitom am<br />

genialuri moazrovnisa da mTxrobelis magaliTi JurnalistTa<br />

Tanamedrove Taobas, albaT, filosofiis labirinTebSi<br />

saxetialod da weris kulturis Sesaswavlad<br />

Tu gamoadgeba.<br />

sxva saqmea uaRresad punqtualuri ekermani, romelic<br />

110

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pedanturi sizustiT gadmogvcems mis xangrZliv saubrebs<br />

moxuc vaimarel brZenTan. Tavad mudam CrdilSi dgas, sakuTari<br />

codnisa da niWis demonstracias erideba. samagierod,<br />

virtuozulad gadmogvcems didi maswavleblis azrebs,<br />

romelTa xSir-xSirad gacnoba bevrze bevr Cvens Tanamedrovesac<br />

didad waadgeboda:<br />

`sufrasTan sadilze mandilosnebi erTi axalgazrda<br />

kacis portrets aqebdnen. `gansacvifrebeli ki isaa, _<br />

dasZendnen, _ rom TviTnaswavlia.~ es gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevi<br />

iyo xelebze, romlebic arasworad da xelovnebisTvis<br />

cota Seusabamod hqonda gamoyvanili.<br />

_ Cans, _ Tqva goeTem, _ axalgazrda kaci niWieria, magram<br />

yvelaferi rom TviTon iswavla, amisTvis misi gakicxva<br />

gvmarTebs da ara Seqeba. niWi imisTvis ki ar ibadeba, rom<br />

mxolod sakuTar Tavs miendos, aramed imisTvis, rom xelovnebas<br />

da karg ostatebs miebaros...~ (`goeTes <strong>saubrebi</strong><br />

ekermanTan~, akaki gelovanis Targmani).<br />

erTia, rom es sityvebi moxucma goeTem Tqva, meore da<br />

aranakleb dasafasebelia, rom es sityvebi axalgazrda (ma-<br />

Sin 34 wlisa iyo) ekermanma gaigo da STamomavlobas Seunaxa.<br />

Jurnalisti, SesaZloa, Tavad iyos dialogis erT-erTi<br />

monawile, an, ubralod, `stenografistis~ rols dasjerdes.<br />

erTic rTulia da meorec, magram Tu Cems gamocdilebas<br />

endobiT, `stenografistobas~ girCevT _ aseT<br />

SemTxvevaSi, minimumamde mcirdeba Tqveni mxridan sabediswero<br />

Secdomis albaToba.<br />

yovlismcodneobis sindromi rom Zalian veragi daavadebaa,<br />

es, rasakvirvelia, iciT, magram modi, kidev erTxel<br />

gavixsenoT da aRarasodes daviviwyoT. saqme is aris,<br />

rom profesiis Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare, Jurnalists<br />

xSirad sakuTar SesaZleblobebze cota gadaWarbebuli<br />

STabeWdileba eqmneba da zedmeti TavdajerebiT gamoTqvams<br />

Tavis `kompetentur~ mosazrebebs urTules mecnierul<br />

Tu politikur problemebze. bunebrivia, sasacilo<br />

viTarebaSic aRmoCndeba-xolme. aseTi ram gansakuTrebiT<br />

teleJurnalistebs emuqreba.<br />

dialogi, rogorc wesi, ar aris intervius tipis kiTxvapasuxi<br />

_ es aris ori an meti adamianis darbaisluri msj-<br />

111

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eloba saintereso problemaze. dialogis dros Jurnalistis<br />

mTavari mizani ar aris Jurnalisturi fandebisa da<br />

ileTebis gamoyeneba Tanamosaubris dasabnevad, `kuTxeSi<br />

mismwyvdevad~ an mkiTxvel-msmenelTa mosaRoreblad. dialogis<br />

monawileebi cdiloben erTgvarad Seavson erTmane-<br />

Ti da mkiTxvelebTan, saoqmo-kazionuri Jargoni rom moviSvelio,<br />

Sejerebuli azri erToblivad miitanon.<br />

dialogi arc polemikaa, roca erTi mxare cdilobs, radac<br />

unda daujdes, sakuTari upiratesoba daumtkicos oponents<br />

_ dialogis dros magidasTan Tanamoazreebi sxedan.<br />

Jurnalisti, ra Tqma unda, ar aris dialogis pasiuri mayurebeli.<br />

igi, umravles SemTxvevaSi, Tavad warmarTavs saubars,<br />

radgan aTidan rva SemTxvevaSi mainc, aris saSiSroeba<br />

rom mwvave sabiujeto sakiTxze dawyebuli saubari arasrulwlovani<br />

meZavebis problemaTa ganxilviT damTavrdes.<br />

Jurnalistis xelovneba yvelaze metad maSin Cans, roca<br />

dialogSi Jurnalistis aRmoCena Wirs.<br />

Tu ar dagezarebaT, waikiTxeT `goeTes <strong>saubrebi</strong> ekerman-<br />

Tan~ da TqvenTvis bevr saidumlos aexdeba farda. oRond,<br />

nu warmoidgenT, rom is, rac SeeZlo iohan peter ekermans,<br />

yvela Cvengans SeuZlia. samagierod, bevr CvenTagan Seu-<br />

Zlia is, rac ar SeeZlo ekermans _ xaWapuris gamocxoba.<br />

Tumca, dRemde aqtualuria brZnuli aforizmi _ swavla<br />

siberemdeo. adamiani ki, Tu moiwadinebs, dialogebis<br />

weris saidumloebasac amoxsnis da xaWapuris cxobisac.<br />

polemika<br />

erTsadaimave faqtsa da movlenas, TviT erTsadaimave<br />

sagansac ki sxvadasxva adamiani sxvadasxvanairad aRiqvams<br />

da, bunebrivia, Taviseburad afasebs kidec. aRqmisa da Sefasebis<br />

kriteriumebs gansazRvravs tradicia, aRzrda,<br />

socialuri garemo, gemovneba, gabatonebuli sazogadoebrivi<br />

azri (vTqvaT, im momentisTvis arsebuli moda), guneba-ganwyobileba,<br />

adamianis gonebrivi mdgomareoba. zogi<br />

ram, iqneb, gamomrCa kidec, magram ZiriTadi msazRvrelebi<br />

swored esaa.<br />

112

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kidev kargi, adamiani (da, saerTod, samyaro) RmerTma ase<br />

usazRvrod mravalferovani Seqmna, Torem, warmoidgineT,<br />

ra moxdeboda, Cineli, monRoli, rusi, arabi, indieli, espaneli,<br />

ebraeli da qarTveli erTnairad rom aRiqvamdes<br />

da erTnairad afasebdes kidec silamazes _ moswondes<br />

grZelcxvira qali da Tvaluwvdeneli tramalebi!<br />

Tu me WiuxebSi gavizarde, nislmoxveuli mwvervalebis<br />

dapyrobis Jini mwvavs da dedamiwisTvis maRlidan daxedvis<br />

xibliT davmTvralvar, kavkasiis mTebTan tirifonas<br />

velis upiratesobaSi veravin damarwmunebs.<br />

CemTvis yvelaze lamazi da moxerxebuli samosi xevsuruli<br />

talavaria, ugemrielesi kerZi _ jixvis mwvadi,<br />

saukeTeso sasmeli _ Jipitauri, saukeTeso iaraRi _ SaSxana,<br />

saukeTeso poezia _ kafia, saukeTeso bina _ baniani<br />

saxli, ulamazesi qali _ alxastaiZis gogo iamze.<br />

arabi beduini gulisswors ase uxsnis siyvaruls:<br />

`Cemi Zma rom aqlemi yofiliyo, imas gavyiddi, raTa Sen<br />

SemeZine~. Tvaluwvdeneli varvara udabnos mkvidrisTvis<br />

aqlemi yvelaferia _ transporti, tansacmeli, saWmeli,<br />

sasmeli, damxmare, megobari...<br />

beduinebma aqlemebs uamravi momxiblavi legenda da<br />

poeziis mTeli dargi uZRvnes _ gulwrfelad umReres<br />

mis mamac guls da momxiblav tuC-kbils. evropelebi ki<br />

galiebSi gamomwyvdeuli am kuziani cxovelebis simaxinjiT<br />

erTobian.<br />

beduins verasodes veravin daarwmunebs aqlemis simaxinjeSi,<br />

iseve, rogorc evropels _ mis siturfeSi.<br />

ase rom, amqveynad yvelaferi sakamaToa, _ aqlemis silamazidan<br />

da estradis varskvlavis Cacmulobidan dawyebuli,<br />

aristoteles filosofiiTa da qarTuli saqadasaxado<br />

kodeqsiT damTavrebuli.<br />

polemika (kamaTi, paeqroba, diskusia) imarTeba bazreb-<br />

Si, `birJebze~, mitingebze, megobrul Tavyrilobebze, oficialur<br />

Sexvedrebze, ojaxur wreSi, magram es yvelaferi<br />

sazogadoebriv cnobierebaze raime mniSvnelovan gavlenas<br />

ver axdens. sazogadoebriv cnobierebaze zegavlenisTvis<br />

aucilebelia am kamaTis sajarooba _ misi gadatana masobrivi<br />

informaciis saSualebebSi. asec xdeba. Tanamedrove<br />

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mediasivrce warmoudgenelia polemikuri Janris gareSe<br />

da, bunebrivia, masSi uaqtiures monawileobas iReben Jurnalistebi.<br />

es nair-nairi `mrgvali magidebi~, Toq-Souebi,<br />

ganxilvebi da debatebi, sabolood, polemikaa. Zalian<br />

xSirad, Jurnalistebi sakamaTos gamoZebnas iqac ki cdiloben,<br />

sadac is, wesiT, ar unda iyos. magaliTad, XX saukunis<br />

80-iani wlebis miwuruls da 90-ianis dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi<br />

seriozuli kamaTi midioda imis Sesaxeb, unda<br />

hqonoda Tu ara raime upiratesi uflebebi eTnikur qarTvelebs<br />

qveynis araqarTuli warmoSobis moqalaqeebTan<br />

SedarebiT. Tqven, albaT, axla geRimebaT, magram maSin es<br />

iyo umwvavesi problema da kamaTic, Sesabamisad, _ Zalian<br />

mwvave da mtkivneuli.<br />

mecnieruli polemika. es gaxlavT polemikis yvelaze<br />

`mSvidi~ saxeoba _ mecnierebis ama Tu im dargSi Caxeduli<br />

specialistebis mier problemis SedarebiT mSvidobiani<br />

gansja. aviRoT, Tundac, rusTvelologiis problemebi.<br />

SoTa rusTavelis `vefxistyaosani~ 800 wlis winaT daiwera,<br />

uamravjer gamoica, uamrav enaze iTargmna, uamravma<br />

mecnierma uamravi komentari uZRvna, magram kamaTi poemis<br />

zogierTi strofis, striqonis, sityvis, avtoris msoflmxedvelobis<br />

Taobaze dRemde mimdinareobs da, veWvob,<br />

odesme dasruldes.<br />

aseTive da kidev ufro rTuli viTarebaa bibliis, yuranis,<br />

sxva wminda wignebis da bevri gamoCenili mwerlisa Tu<br />

mecnieris SemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

Tavidan vTqvi, mecnieruli polemika, zogadad, polemikis<br />

yvelaze mSvidobiani saxeoba aris-meTqi. Tumca, drodadro<br />

mSvidobianoba irRveva da seriozuli gansja lamis<br />

xelCarTul brZolaSi gadaizrdeba. gansakuTrebiT, roca<br />

kamaTSi mecnierebas mitmasnili ambiciuri diletantebi<br />

da, saerTod, ubiri adamianebi erevian.<br />

arsebobs Cvens gonebaSi mtkiced fesvgadgmuli miTi,<br />

rom kamaTSi ibadeba WeSmariteba. es, SesaZloa, marTlac<br />

ase iyos, oRond, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saubari zust<br />

mecnierebebs Seexeba da naTqvamis eqsperimentulad damtkiceba<br />

SeiZleba. bolosdabolos, Tu erTi ambobs, rom<br />

`dirixles Teoremis~ amoxsna SeuZlebelia, meore am Teo-<br />

114

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emis amoxsniT sapirispiros daamtkicebs da oponentsac<br />

saTqmeli aRaraferi darCeba.<br />

magram rusTvelologiaSi, filosofiis romelime<br />

mimdinareobaSi, pedagogikaSi an literaturis kritikaSi<br />

erTmniSvnelovani Sedegebis miReba praqtikulad<br />

gamiricxulia. kamaTi, SesaZloa, dinjad, akademiurad da<br />

jentlmenuri manerebis dacviT mimdinareobdes, magram...<br />

usasrulod _ erTi mxare meores verasodes daarwmunebs<br />

sakuTari argumentebis WeSmaritebaSi. es kargia, vinaidan<br />

azrTa Widili aris mecnieruli azris winsvlis garantia.<br />

Tanac, wuTiT warmoidgineT, rom erT mSvenier dRes yvela<br />

mokamaTe yvela sakiTxze SeTanxmda da dedamiwaze sakamaTo<br />

da sapaeqro aRaraferi darCa!<br />

meore dRes, albaT, kacobriobis istoria dasruldeba.<br />

mecnieruli kamaTi, ZiriTadad, samecniero gamocemebSi<br />

mimdinareobs da presasa da televiziaSi SedarebiT iSvia-<br />

Tad gadainacvlebs xolme. aqedan gamomdinare, Jurnalistebs<br />

amgvar polemikaSi metnaklebad pasiuri roli aqvT<br />

da ufro xSirad, ubralo wamyvanis, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi _<br />

mediatoris movaleobas asruleben. magram es movaleoba<br />

rom Seasrulo, kamaTis sagans zogadad mainc unda icnobde.<br />

es ki arc ise ioli saqmea. amitom wamyvanis, Tu mediatoris<br />

rols aseT SemTxvevabSi dargis specialistebi, anu ara-<br />

Jurnalistebi asruleben.<br />

polemika konkretuli faqtis, an movlenis gamo. Cemi<br />

Jurnalisturi moRvaweobis ganmavlobaSi, mraval kamaTSi<br />

mimiRia monawileoba. ZiriTadad, es iyo samarTlebriv,<br />

socialur, politikur, qonebriv Tu sxva mniSvnelovan<br />

sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli problemebi. namdvilad ver<br />

davitrabaxeb, romelime mZafri paeqrobidan gamarjvebuli<br />

gamovsulvar-meTqi. kidev erTxel davimowmeb deil<br />

karnegis: `aTidan cxra SemTxvevaSi, mokamaTe kidev ufro<br />

rwmundeba sakuTari mosazrebebis absolutur WeSmaritebaSi~.<br />

vidre es ar vicodi, sakmaod mtkivneulad ganvicdidi<br />

oponentebis mxridan Cemi mosazrebebis yovlad uargumentod<br />

gauziareblobas da xSirad _ srul ugulebelyofasac.<br />

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sabolood, mivxvdi, rom polemikis mizani ar aris oponentis<br />

gadarwmuneba an misTvis sxva mosazrebis Tavs<br />

moxveva. sajaro polemika gankuTvnilia msmenelebisa da<br />

mkiTxvelebis gadasabireblad. aqedan gamomdinare, Rrmad<br />

argumentirebuli filosofiuri msjeloba nebismier<br />

problemaze sazogadoebis did nawils aRizianebs. mas ur-<br />

Cevnia martivi da sworxazovani demagogia, magaliTad,<br />

aseTi: `saqarTveloSi rom socialuri siduxWire mZvinvarebs,<br />

amaSi mTavari damnaSaveebi saxelmwifo xazinis, anu<br />

Tqveni qonebis qurdobiT gamdidrebul-gazuluqebuli<br />

Cinovnikebi brZandebian. amitom Cven (xelisufleba) maT<br />

CamovarTmevT naqurdal qonebas da dagirigebT Tqven.<br />

oRond, arCevnebSi mxari unda dagviWiroT~.<br />

bunebrivia, es `mxardaWera~ saxelmwifoSi moqmedi konstituciuri<br />

normebis sistematur da uxeS darRvevebze<br />

Tvalis daxuWvas, sabolood, qveyanaSi totaluri samarTlebrivi<br />

nihilizmis damkvidrebas niSnavs. magram sazogadoebis<br />

umravlesobisTvis amis axsna Zalian rTulia _ ar<br />

mogismenen, radgan mas xelisufleba mxardaWeris sanacvlod,<br />

`viRac wurbelasTvis~ CamorTmeul qonebas dahpirda.<br />

Tanac _ xvalve.<br />

proletaruli pirdapirobiT dapirebulis Sesruleba<br />

rom SeuZlebelia, sazogadoebis didi nawili amaze arc<br />

fiqrobs. misTvis mTavaria TviT dapirebis faqti.<br />

isic vikiTxoT, valdebulia Tu ara sazogadoebis meore<br />

(umciresi) nawili ebrZolos amgvar uxams demagogias _<br />

unda ebrZolos, radgan, sabolood, mudam saRi azri imarjvebs.<br />

mxars<br />

bunebrivia, Jurnalistebis nawili erT mxaresaa, nawili<br />

_ meores. es an arakompetenturobis bralia, an socialuri<br />

mdgomareobis, an arsebuli politikuri koniunqturisa _<br />

presac xom sazogadoebis RviZli Svilia.<br />

erT saintereso faqts gavixseneb.<br />

90-iani wlebis dasawyisidanve saqarTveloSi gaCnda<br />

axali saxelmwifo simbolikis SemoRebis aucilebloba.<br />

ufro zustad, daiwyo kamaTi, gamogvegonebina axali, Tu<br />

aRgvedgina Zveli, istoriuli gorgaslian-daviTiani dro-<br />

Sa da bagratovanTa samefo gerbi. polemikaSi aqtiurad<br />

116

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vmonawileobdi mec _ mxars vuWerdi istoriuli saxelmwifo<br />

simbolikis aRdgenas.<br />

romelime mosazrebisTvis mxari rom dameWira, zogadad,<br />

heraldikis da, kerZod, qarTuli istoriuli simbolikis<br />

Seswavla gaxda aucilebeli. ver vityvi, mecnierebis am<br />

dargSi eqspertad gamovdgebi-meTqi, magram sakmaod mniSvnelovani<br />

codna namdvilad SeviZine.<br />

amas imitom mogaxsenebT, rom CvenTan (ra Tqma unda, istoriuli<br />

simbolikis aRdgenis momxre bevri iyo) mopaeqreTa<br />

umravlesobas warmodgena ar hqonda am saintereso<br />

mecnierebaze, an ar scnobda mas. amitom isini gamodiodnen<br />

lozunguri mosazrebebiT _ Savi qarTuli miwis feria,<br />

lurji _ qarTuli zecisa, wiTeli _ qarTuli Rvinisa<br />

da sxva amgvari abdaubda. iSveliebdnen arguments, rom<br />

saqarTvelos droSaze gamosaxuli jvari gaaRizianebda<br />

saqarTvelos araqristian mosaxleobas da Cvens mezobel<br />

islamur qveynebs; rom aRmosavleT romis imperiis,<br />

galebis, burgundebis, ostgoTebisa Tu iranis winaaRmdeg<br />

damangrevel laSqrobebs swored xuTjvriani droSiT axorcielebda<br />

hunebis saxelganTqmuli (mas moixseniebdnen,<br />

rogorc sisxlismsmelsa da kaciWamias) beladi atila; rom<br />

bagratovanTa samefo gerbi iyo mxolod bagratovanTa<br />

(samefo ojaxis) sakuTreba da misi saxelmwifo gerbad aRiareba<br />

ar SeiZleboda; rom axali garemoebebis warmoSobis<br />

gamo (saqarTvelos de iure damoukidebloba), gerbsa da<br />

droSaze unda asaxuliyo saqarTvelos uZvelesi istoriac<br />

da Tanamedroveobac...<br />

kamaTi TiTqmis cxra wlis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda.<br />

saocaria, magram istoriuli simbolikis aRdgenis<br />

Tavgamodebul mowinaaRmdegeTa Soris bevri iyo titulovani<br />

mecnieri da maRalCinosani moxele.<br />

marTalia, isini cudad icnobdnen heraldikis kanonebs,<br />

magram isini xom saxelganTqmulebi iyvnen! amitomac an<br />

qedmaRlurad pasuxobdnen Cems polemikur werilebs (vin<br />

hkiTxavs viRac Jurnalists!), an pasuxis gacemas, saer-<br />

Tod, ukadrisobdnen. sinamdvileSi, maTi qedmaRlobisa da<br />

moCvenebiTi sidarbaislis ukan yovlad Cveulebrivi uvicoba<br />

da partiuli stereotipebiT SeboWiloba imaleboda.<br />

117

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cxrawliani cxare kamaTi, sabolood, `heraldikosTa~<br />

gamarjvebiT damTavrda.<br />

Tumca, xelisuflebam gadawyvetileba mainc naCqarevad<br />

da aseT SemTxvevebSi gaTvaliswinebuli saproceso<br />

normebis ugulebelyofiT miiRo _ mas istoriuli samar-<br />

Tlianobis aRdgenaze metad, oponentebze ritualuri<br />

gamarjveba sWirdeboda*.<br />

Tu polemikaSi uSualod monawileobT da grZnobT,<br />

rom oponentebis winaSe didi upiratesoba gaqvT, elvisebur<br />

da srul gamarjvebaze arc iocneboT. Tqvens<br />

simarTles odesme istoria daadasturebs. Tumca, imis<br />

imedi nu geqnebaT, rom madlieri istoria Tavis analeb-<br />

Si Tqvens saxels oqros asoebiT Cawers.<br />

politikuri polemika. am saxeobis da yvela danarCenis<br />

gansazRvreba pirobiTia. Zalian Znelia, TiTqmis SeuZlebelia<br />

gaavlo mkveTri zRvari, sad mTavrdeba, magaliTad,<br />

mecnieruli polemika da sad iwyeba politikuri, samarTlebrivi,<br />

socialuri an, saerTod, rodis gadaizrdeba seriozuli<br />

kamaTi yovlad uazro kinklaobaSi.<br />

politikur polemikas erTi ganmasxvavebeli niSani<br />

mainc aqvs _ uprincipoba. guSin rom veraferze ver Tanxmdebodnen,<br />

dRes is politikuri oponentebi erT hangze<br />

arian awyobili. es ar niSnavs, rom maT sakuTari Sexedulebebi<br />

daTmes. es niSnavs, rom isini sazogadoebis zurgs<br />

ukan erTmaneTSi droebiT garigdnen da kamaTs pirveli<br />

xelsayreli SemTxvevisTanave gaagrZeleben. amitom Jurnalistebis<br />

mxridan romelime politikuri Zalisadmi<br />

mxardaWera Zalian sariskoa. piris gatexva, orpiroba,<br />

motyueba da farisevloba politikaSi cud tonad sulac<br />

ar iTvleba _ politikosebi xom CvenTvis, ubralo mokvdavebisTvis<br />

iReben msxverpls, anu uyoymanod Tmoben<br />

principebs, icvlian partiebs, patronebs da maRal-maRal<br />

Tanamdebobebsac. Tavsac Zalian iolad imarTleben: ar<br />

arseboben mudmivi mtrebi da mudmivi megobrebi, arsebobs<br />

mudmivi interesebi.<br />

amas ise, gansjisTvis mogaxsenebT.<br />

rogorc giTxariT, politikuri polemikis dros polemistTa<br />

erTi nawili argumentebis moSveliebiT Tavs<br />

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didad ar iwuxebs. samagierod, iyenebs demagogias da cru<br />

maRalfardovnebas, TamaSobs im momentisTvis gabatonebuli<br />

sazogadoebrivi azriT, sargeblobs sazogadoebis erTi<br />

nawilis umecrebiT, koniunqturisadmi monuri mowiwebiT,<br />

administraciisadmi tradiciuli SiSiT da a. S.<br />

meoce saukunis 80-iani wlebis bolodan, anu mas Semdeg,<br />

rac did sabWoeTs wyali Seudga da mokavSire respublikebs<br />

damoukideblobis Sansi gauCnda, saqarTveloSi, iseve, rogorc<br />

bevr sxva respublikaSi, erovnuli moZraobis aRmavloba<br />

daiwyo.<br />

modi, axla amis mizezebze nu visaubrebT, mxolod faqti<br />

avRniSnoT _ erovnul moZraobas nacionalizmisa da Sovinizmis<br />

ayvavebac mohyva.<br />

saqarTvelosTvis jer samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri<br />

olqisa da Semdeg afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis dakargvis<br />

erT-erTi mTavari mizezi esec iyo.<br />

im wlebis saqarTveloSi iseTi revoluciur-Sovinisturi<br />

eiforia sufevda, rom gonivruli azris gamoTqma TiTqmis<br />

SeuZlebeli iyo. mrcxvenia amis aRiareba, magram did<br />

gasavalSi iyo lozungebi `saqarTvelo qarTvelebisTvis!~<br />

`gaumarjos damoukidebel, qristianul saqarTvelos!~<br />

da sxva misTanani. yovlad pativcemuli politikosebi, mwerlebi,<br />

is adamianebi, vinc sakuTar Tavs inteligentebs<br />

uwodebdnen, sruli seriozulobiT saubrobdnen saqarTveloSi<br />

mcxovreb `stumar erebze~, eTnikur qarTvelTa<br />

uflebriv upiratesobebze sxva xalxebTan SedarebiT,<br />

wminda sisxlis qarTvelobaze. amas Tan daerTo samxreT<br />

oseTSi inspirirebuli konfliqti, osuri respublikis gamocxadeba<br />

da eTnikuri osebis totaluri devna TiTqmis<br />

mTel saqarTveloSi.<br />

rogorc mosalodneli iyo, amiT, upirveles yovlisa,<br />

Cveulebrivma kriminalebma da maradiorebma isargebles.<br />

swored aseT kritikul viTarebaSi gamovaqveyne am<br />

ugunuri politikis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli statiebis seria,<br />

rasac oficiozisa da maSin jer kidev sakmaod susti<br />

damoukidebeli masmediis warmomadgenelTa umravlesobis<br />

mxridan umZafresi reaqcia mohyva.<br />

119

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axla SemogTavazebT erT-erT imdroindel statias da<br />

masze ramdenime damaxasiaTebel gamoxmaurebas. vimedovneb,<br />

rom es polemikur ostatobazec SegiqmniT azrs da 90iani<br />

wlebis saqarTvelos politikur viTarebazec.<br />

omi unda davamarcxoT<br />

saqarTvelos parlamentis sxdomaze adamianis uflebaTa<br />

dacvisa da erovnul umciresobaTa komisiis Tavmjdomareobis<br />

erT-erTma pretendentma ganacxada, erovnul<br />

sakiTxebSi qarTvelebis xasiaTs (Semwynareblobas gulisxmobda)<br />

unda daveyrdnoTo.<br />

Tumca, sityva `Semwynarebloba~ naTqvami ar yofila. axsenes<br />

sityva `tolerantoba~, rac agreTve moTmenas, mitevebas,<br />

Semwynareblobas niSnavs.<br />

roca batoni deputati amas brZanebda, mas, albaT, marTlac<br />

swamda qarTvelTa Semwynarebluri bunebisa da misi<br />

imedic hqonda. ise swamda da ise didi imedi hqonda, rom<br />

daaviwyda, an saWirod aRar miiCnia exsenebina sityvebi:<br />

`kanoni~, `samarTali~, `saxelmwifo~...<br />

sanam qarTvelTa istoriul Semwynareblur bunebaze<br />

visaubrebdeT, gulze xeli davidoT da gavixsenoT, ramdeni<br />

mkvleloba moxda saqarTveloSi mas Semdeg, rac Cveni<br />

tolerantobis mtkiceba daiwyeboda.<br />

iqneb vinmem daTvala, ramdeni mkvlelia dRes saqarTveloSi,<br />

ramdeni yaCaRia, ramdeni qurdbacacaa, ramdeni<br />

narkomani da narkotikebis gamavrcelebelia, ramdeni TaRliTi<br />

da matyuaraa, ramdeni meqrTamea, ramdeni karieristia.<br />

iqneb vinmem zustad icis, ramdeni mZime danaSaulia<br />

gauxsneli, ramdeni kacia usamarTlod dasjili?<br />

iqneb is icis vinmem, ratom ver axerxebs samarTaldamcavi<br />

organoebi kargad organizebuli damnaSaveobis winaaRmdeg<br />

brZolas!<br />

iqneb imis damtkiceba SeZlos vinmem, rom is damnaSaveebi<br />

da maTi mfarvelebi ar arian qarTvelebi, Cveni sazogdoebis<br />

wevrebi.<br />

Cven, sazogadoebam, mxolod is viciT, rom damnaSaveni<br />

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evrni, katastrofulad bevrni arian; rom uamravi saqmea<br />

gauxsneli; rom quCaSi dadis uamravi mkvleli; vvaraudobT,<br />

rom damnaSaveTa samyarom didi xania saerTo ena gamonaxa<br />

samarTaldamcavebTan; rom Cvens feodalur armiaSi<br />

bevria narkomani, loTi da maradiori; rom dRes qrTami<br />

iseT pativSia, rogorc arasdros...<br />

da mainc, jiutad vmsjelobT qarTvelTa gansakuTrebul<br />

moTminebasa da Semwynareblobaze.<br />

batonma deputatma tribunidan mTeli msoflios gasagonad<br />

brZana, qarTvelebi da afxazebi verasodes SevrigdebiT,<br />

omi afxazTa srul ganadgurebamde unda gagrZeldeso.<br />

Turme ganurCevlad unda davxocoT yvela: qalebi, bavSvebi,<br />

moxucebi, tyveebi, avadmyofebi da mere isev Cvens<br />

tolerantul bunebaze vilaparakoT.<br />

ra Tqma unda, CemTvis gasagebia uzomo gulistkivili da<br />

mrisxaneba kacisa, visac am omma bevri ram waarTva, magram,<br />

samwuxarod, igi erTaderTi ar aris, vinc ase fiqrobs da<br />

ambobs kidec _ sazogadod, tendenciaa aseTi. es Zalze sa-<br />

SiSi tendenciaa.<br />

roca friad avtoritetuli da pativcemuli qalbatonebi<br />

da batonebi amtkiceben, Cven, qarTvelebs arasodes<br />

dagvipyria sxvisi teritoriebio, mgonia, rom maT vardisferi<br />

saTvaliT aqvT wakiTxuli sakuTari samSoblos istoria.<br />

Cven sxvaTa miwebi ar dagvipyria ara imitom, rom aseTi<br />

survili arasodes gagvCenia, aramed imitom, rom amis saSualeba<br />

iSviaTad gveZleoda. feodaluri saqarTvelosTvis<br />

damaxasiaTebeli iyo yvelaferi, rac, sazogadod, axasiaTebda<br />

feodalur samyaros: Sinaomic da SinaaSlilobac,<br />

Ralatica da veragobac, moZmeTa Tvalebis daTxrac da<br />

Zelze gasmac. gavixsenoT baRuaS-orbelianebi, konstantine<br />

da giorgi batoniSvilebi, qarTul samefo-samTavroTa<br />

gauTavebeli Sinaomebi*...<br />

...mTeli Cveni tragedia is aris, rom istoriuli bedukuRmarTobis<br />

gamo, rusTavelis, sabas, guramiSvilis, va-<br />

Jas, ilias qveyana ver eziara evropul civilizacias. komunisturi<br />

reJimi, Turme, Trgunavda Cvens Sua saukuneebis<br />

doneze darCenil azrovnebis stils. daiwyo erovnuli<br />

moZraoba da daiwyo Cveni tragediac: xocva-Jleta, gamo-<br />

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Zalva, mucelRmerToba, sxvaTa damcireba lamis xelobad<br />

gavixadeT.<br />

`qristianul saqarTveloze~ gauTavebeli da diletanturi<br />

laybobiT imdeni vqeniT, bevri Cveni guSindeli mokeTe<br />

SevaSineT da mtrad movikideT. mere iseTi rameebic<br />

vikadreT, mama-papaTa Zvlebic SevawuxeT: udanaSaulo<br />

adamianebis devna daviwyeT.<br />

piradad daveswari erT friad solidur dawesebulebaSi<br />

gamarTul krebas, sadac ixileboda iq momuSave osi<br />

erovnebis adamianebis sakiTxi. Sekrebilebi (TanamSromlebi!)<br />

saTiTaod asaxelebdnen `mtrebsa~ da `gamyidvelebs~<br />

da sajarod sTxovdnen maT pasuxs samaCabloSi osi `boevikebis~<br />

mier Cadenili danaSaulobebisTvis.<br />

im moZraobis dawyebisTanave, rasac axla `erovnuls~<br />

vuwodebT, mTel saqarTveloSi daiwyo araqarTveli moqalaqeebis,<br />

gansakuTrebiT, osebis totaluri devna-Seviwroeba.<br />

Cems kiTxvaze, osebis Tqveni raionidan gandevniT,<br />

ras moigebT-meTqi, gurjaanis prefeqtma winwalaSvilma<br />

cinikurad momigo: `ras davkargavT, ro?!~<br />

TbilisSi sul dasta-dastad iTxovdnen samsaxuridan<br />

osuri warmoSobis muSebs; tvingaxurebuli ura-patriotebi<br />

TiTqmis mTel saqarTveloSi saxlebidan erekebodnen,<br />

scemdnen, amcirebdnen, xocavdnen kidec sruliad udana-<br />

Saulo Tanamemamuleebs. im adamianebs, visTanac saukuneobrivi<br />

keTilmezobloba, megobroba, siyvaruli da sisxliT<br />

naTesaoba akavSirebdaT...<br />

msofliom ver gaigo Cveni ucodveloba, Cveni samar-<br />

Tliani brZola da lamis kaciWamiebad Segvracxa. Cvens win<br />

Caiketa msoflio civilizaciisken mimavali yvela gza da<br />

biliki, CvenTan megobroba aravin isurva.<br />

...siyrue-sibrmavis ugunurma politikam qarTvelebisgan<br />

daacariela yofili samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri<br />

olqis teritoria... iqauri qarTvelebi, ZiriTadad, did<br />

qalaqebSi Casaxldnen da ukan wasvlaze aRar fiqroben.<br />

eSiniaT kidec da, bevri mizezis gamo, aRarc surT ukan dabruneba.<br />

TiTqmis dacarielda mTiani osuri soflebi borjomis<br />

raionSi. modi, SevTavazoT, vTqvaT, Tbilisel umuSevar,<br />

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usaxlkaro da mSier qarTvelebs (guSindel soflelebs)<br />

im dacarielebul soflebSi dasaxleba, cxvar-Zroxisa da<br />

mamulis movla.<br />

aravin wava. imitom ar wava, rom qarTvelTa erT did<br />

nawils samSoblos magier swored is qarTuli miwa uyvars,<br />

swored im qarTul miwas ver Seeleva, romelic Tbilis-<br />

Si asfaltqveS Rrmad aris damarxuli. ufro sworad ki<br />

imitom, rom Cven didi xania gadaveCvieT saxelmwifoebrivad<br />

azrovnebas. arc aris gasakviri. marTalia, xSirad<br />

vikvexniT Cveni 25-saukunovani saxelmwifoebriobis gamo,<br />

magram gulSi isic xom viciT, rom vidre ruseTi am orasiode<br />

wlis winaT `mzrunvel xels~ gamogviwvdida, 600<br />

wlis ganmavlobaSi erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifo ar arsebula.<br />

albaT, usaxelmwifobis es 800-wliani tradiciac<br />

aris erTi mTavari mizezi Cveni TavkerZobisa da gandaganobisa...<br />

Tanamdebobebisa da privilegiebisTvis gamarTuli<br />

Tavawyvetili doRi, `mrgvlur~ gamTiSvel politikas ta-<br />

SiscemiT ayola, batis WuWulebiviT msgavsi ambiciuri partia-sazogadoebebis<br />

namdvili Semoseva, uamravi SeiaraRebuli<br />

dajgufeba-formirebis TareSi, azrTa Widilis nacvlad<br />

sakuTari ucdomlobis kategoriuli mtkicebac aris<br />

Cveni xangrZlivi usaxelmwifobis logikuri Sedegi.<br />

...is, rac bolo wlebSi moxda da rac dRes xdeba saqarTveloSi,<br />

aucileblad unda momxdariyo. dRes Cveni istoriuli<br />

bedukuRmarTobis namyofs vimkiT. aseTi periodi<br />

hqondaT dRevandeli msoflios yvelaze civilizebul<br />

demokratiul qveynebs. gavixsenoT germaniis magaliTi.<br />

mis fonze saqarTveloSi atexili xmauri iavnanasaviT ismis.<br />

magram erTi ram uTuod unda gaviTvaliswinoT: mcirericxovnobis<br />

gamo Cven, qarTvelebma, ar unda mivceT Tavs<br />

imis ufleba, risi uflebac SeiZleba misces sakuTar Tavs<br />

germanelma, frangma an rusma erma.<br />

nuravin ifiqrebs, rom germanelis, frangis an rusis msgavsad<br />

Cven odesme ZaliT vajobebT sxvas, Tundac, Cvenze<br />

gacilebiT mcirericxovans. wavida is dro, roca xmali da<br />

Zalgulovneba wyvetda sakiTxs. axla mxolod Wkua, niWi da,<br />

Tundac, eSmkoba Tu gamogvadgeba. Cven Wkuac gvaqvs, niWic,<br />

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arc mTlad miamitebi varT, arc pativmoyvareoba gvaklia,<br />

arc energia, oRond, samwuxarod, ar viciT, rogor gamoviyenoT<br />

Cveni upiratesoba.<br />

sazogadod, Cven bevri Rirseba gvaqvs, dRevandel<br />

areulobaSic marto Cven (qarTvelebs) ar migviZRvis brali.<br />

amas arc vamtkiceb. me, ubralod, Cvenze, qarTvelebze<br />

Semtkiva guli da amitom vlaparakob mxolod naklze.<br />

vici, Zalian bevri Cemi Tanamemamule, Cemze didi patrioti<br />

da romis papzedac metad morwmune da ucodveli,<br />

halali guliT dammoZRvravs _ Cven xom tolerantuli<br />

bunebisa varT, ramdeni eri SevifareT, kalTa gadavafareT<br />

da ZuZu vawoveT. mere riT gadagvixades, _ Cvens miwas<br />

epotinebian da sxvagan waReba surT; gveyo, aravis arafers<br />

gavatanT da saidanac mosulan, iqiT wavidneno!<br />

saqarTvelo Cveni samSobloa. mxolod qarTvelebisa<br />

ki ara, yvelasi, vinc aq daibada, visac Tavi saqarTvelos<br />

Svilad miaCnia. Cveni didi da saamayo kultura, Cveni<br />

didi da saamayo istoria mxolod qarTveli erovnebis<br />

adamianebs ar SeuqmniaT _ igi Seqmna qarTvelma xalxma,<br />

anu yvelam, visac saqarTveloSi odesme ucxovria.<br />

Cven, qarTvelebs, ar gvekadreba sakuTari upiratesobis<br />

mtkiceba, miT ufro _ argumentad iaraRis moSvelieba.<br />

Cven sxvebs unda vajoboT mxolod WkuiT, niWiT, moTminebiTa<br />

da... SemwynareblobiT.<br />

omebis dro didi xania wavida. Tu sakuTari saxelmwifoebriobis<br />

Seneba gvinda, omi unda davamarcxoT. bolosdabolos,<br />

yvela Cvengans mxolod erTi kaci hyavs xelSi<br />

asayvani _ sakuTari Tavi. Tu es ar SegviZlia, maSin vinme<br />

Cvenze Wkvians unda davujeroT. oRond, jer unda vaRiaroT,<br />

rom is `vinme Wkviani~ marTlac Cvenze Wkviania.<br />

saqarTveloSi mSvidoba ar damyardeba, vidre ar gadavwyvetT<br />

avtonomiebis sakiTxs. axla didi Sexla-Semoxlaa<br />

egreT wodebuli avtonomiuri warmonaqmnebis gamo _ ra<br />

eSveleba samaCablos, ra vuyoT afxazeTs, ras vupirebT<br />

aWaras?<br />

ki, batono, avtonomiebi iyo stalinis mier `Cadebuli~<br />

dayovnebuli moqmedebis bombi, romelic swored droze<br />

afeTqda. diax, arsebobs osuri da afxazuri separatistu-<br />

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li Zalebi (drodadro somxuri da azerbaijanulic wamoyofs<br />

xolme Tavs) da mainc, mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelom<br />

moipova Tavisufleba, rac saqarTvelo cno civilizebulma<br />

msofliom da gaeros sruluflebiani wevri gaxda,<br />

veraviTari avtonomia saqarTvelos mTlianobas veRar<br />

daemuqreba. ra Tqma unda, aq ar aris saubari saqarTvelos<br />

winaaRmdeg mimarTul ucxo qveynis SesaZlo agresiaze.<br />

saqarTvelos respublikis yvela moqalaqe, miuxedavad rasisa,<br />

enisa, erovnebisa Tu religiuri kuTvnilebisa, unda<br />

sargeblobdes erTnairi uflebebiT da ekisrebodes erTnairi<br />

pasuxismgebloba kanonisa da qveynis winaSe. nebismier<br />

mcire ers aqvs TviTgamorkvevis ufleba, rac kulturul<br />

avtonomiasTan erTad administraciuli subieqtis Seqmnis<br />

SesaZleblobasac gulisxmobs. eWvic ar mepareba, rom omis<br />

damTavrebis Semdeg afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis<br />

statuss (saqarTvelos farglebSi) safrTxe ar daemuqreba.<br />

da es, Cemi azriT, iqneba erTaderTi gonivruli gadawyvetileba.<br />

axla mivadeqi yvelaze saCoTiro sakiTxs, romelzec albaT<br />

bevri fiqrobs da Tqmas ver bedavs: Tu Cven gvinda myari<br />

mSvidoba saqarTveloSi, Tu gvinda gvaRiaron civilizebul<br />

erad, Tu vaRiarebT kanonis uzenaesobas da pativs<br />

vcemT adamianis uflebebs, unda aRvadginoT osuri avtonomia<br />

saqarTveloSi. nu davarqmevT mas `samxreT oseTs~,<br />

Tu es saxelwodeba raRac cud mogonebebs aRgviZravs.<br />

davarqvaT mas dvaleTi, cxinvalis olqi, samaCablo... rac<br />

gnebavT, magram osuri avtonomia (olqis statusiT) unda<br />

aRdges.<br />

vimeoreb, es damoukidebeli, suverenuli, gaeros wevri<br />

saqarTvelosTvis sulac ar aris saSiSi.<br />

yovel oms aqvs dasasruli. `samaCablos omic~ unda<br />

damTavrdes. axla os-qarTvelTa Serigeba marTlac Znelia.<br />

olqis statusis aRdgena iqneba erTi didi nabiji<br />

istoriulad moZme xalxebis Serigebisken (`dronis~ informacia).<br />

male am statiis sruli Targmani gamoqveynda samxreT<br />

oseTis rusulenovan gazeTSi. ra Tqma unda, Sesabamisi<br />

saredaqcio minaweriT.<br />

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vfiqrob, es minaweri aris patara Jurnalisturi xriki<br />

mTlianad statiis gamosaqveyneblad: am minaweris gareSe<br />

`xussar irisTonis~ (`Южная Осeтия~) redaqcia mis gamoqveynebas<br />

ver gariskavda, vinaidan maSin cxinvalSi yovelgvari<br />

qarTulisadmi sruli undobloba sufevda. gazeTis redaqciam<br />

amiT cxinvalel mkiTxvelebs daanaxva, rom mTlad ise<br />

ar iyo saqme, rogorc qarTvel da os Sovnistebs warmoedginaT.<br />

saqarTveloSi arsebobdnen adamianebi, romlebic<br />

cdilobdnen win aRdgomodnen ZmaTamkvlel oms da konfliqtis<br />

usisxlod mogvarebis versiasac gvTavazobdnen.<br />

marTalia, redaqcias avtori SevardnaZis migzavnili da<br />

`specialuri socialuri dakveTis~ Semsrulebeli hgonia,<br />

magram mTavari saqme mainc gakeTebulia _ osur gazeTSi<br />

qveyndeba osur-qarTuli istoriuli megobrobis aRdgenis<br />

surviliT nakarnaxevi da ugunuri qarTuli politikis<br />

mZafri kritikis Semcveli qarTveli avtoris statia.<br />

`minawers~ gTavazobT originalis enaze, risTvisac<br />

bodiSs gixdiT:<br />

От редакции:<br />

Почему редакция посчитала допустимой перепечатку этой статьи?<br />

Как мы знаем, одной из важнейших задач средств массовой информации<br />

является отображение, освещение происходящих вокруг<br />

нас событий и явлений. Своеобразным явлением, по нашему мнению,<br />

является статья Коридзе, публикуемая сегодня. В течение последних<br />

трех лет в грузинских стерствах массовой информации ничего<br />

подобного не было.<br />

По прочтении статьи невольно приходит мысль о том, что в Грузии<br />

никто еще так сравнительно правильно и открыто не говорил о<br />

вопросах, поднятых журналистом Коридзе. Никто и не осмелился<br />

так прямо и открыто написать против грузинского нацизма, никто не<br />

посмел хотя бы немного приблизиться к правде в вопросе о далекой<br />

истории Грузии, наконец, никто из проживающих в Грузии грузин<br />

ни разу не посмел так прямо заявить об агрессии в Южной Осетии<br />

и Абхазии.<br />

Однако это _ одна сторона статьи. Она, на наш взгляд, являет-<br />

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ся не голосом запоздалого сожаления или раскаяния _ она, скорее<br />

всего, признак осознания современных политических реалий, в том<br />

числе и в вопросах решения межнациональных отношений, в том<br />

числе и спорных.<br />

Первая часть статьи является своеобразным вступлением, как бы<br />

вспомогательным рычагом убеждения второй ее части. Основная<br />

же `Формула~ статьи такова: грузины, согласитесь, что абхазцам и<br />

осетинам придется дать автономии, другого выхода нет~. И, дескать,<br />

не имеет значения, как будут называться эти автономии. Следует отметить,<br />

что в этой последней части статьи и заключается весь его<br />

интеллектуальный и эмоциональный груз, здесь `скрыта~ цель ее написания,<br />

может быть, даже по специальному социальному заказу.<br />

Как бы прогрессивно и смело ни была написана статья журналиста<br />

Коридзе, здесь никак не скрыть вездесущего грузинского шовинизма.<br />

Возвращение Осетии статуса бывшей области приподносится<br />

словно подаяние осетинам, будучи заранее уверенным, что осетины<br />

от этого окажутся на седьмом небе от счастья. Вместе с тем, еще раз<br />

повторим, что по мнению автора, осетин и не стоит спрашивать о<br />

том, как будет называться эта их автономия.<br />

После трех лет войны, безграничных потерь и горя осетинского<br />

народа такая позиция, будь она высказана неким журналистом Коридзе<br />

или официальной властью Грузии, оскорбительна и унизительна<br />

для нашего народа. У Южной Осетии есть избранный, выстраданный<br />

им путь _ путь к свободе.<br />

И все-таки, статья эта, по нашему мнению, недвусмысленно говорит<br />

о том, что по отношению К Южной Осетии в Грузии появились<br />

новые позиции, новые подходы.<br />

Думается, будем недалеки от истины, если отнесем все это к проявляющимся<br />

уже открыто сходам хитроумной тактики в политике<br />

Шеварднадзе. Да, хитроумной, ибо автор сам не скрывает этого, заявляя,<br />

что миновало время силы и они, грузины, должны побеждать<br />

своих врагов умом и xитростью.<br />

Пусть читатель рассудит, насколько правильны наши выводы. Но,<br />

может быть, они стоят того, чтобы все мы хоть немного задумались<br />

над ними:<br />

Отдел общественно-политической жизни газеты `Хуссар Ирыстон~.<br />

127

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axla, dapirebisamebr, am Temaze qarTul presaSi gamoqveynebuli<br />

polemikuri werilebis samiode nimuSs Semog-<br />

TavazebT mcireodeni SemoklebiT, bolos ki Cems erT mcire<br />

replikas amave Temaze.<br />

ise nu warmovidgenT, rom im mZime brZolaSi marto viyavi<br />

da aravin miTanagrZnobda. is faqti, rom Cemi werilebi sxvadasxva<br />

gazeTSi qveyndeboda, TavisTavad niSnavda mxardaWerasac<br />

da TanagrZnobasac. Tumca, vimeoreb, gacilebiT meti<br />

iyo oponenti. Tanac, Zalian agresiulad ganwyobili.<br />

kidev vis unda respublika?!<br />

(Ria werili Jurnalist T. qoriZes)<br />

....batono Teimuraz, ltolvilebis Tavze dacemul yiJinas<br />

gana ara sjobda, sruliad saqarTvelosaTvis im mizezebze<br />

geTqvaT, rac sinamdvileSi gviSlis xels dakarguli<br />

teritoriis dabrunebaSi?..<br />

iqneb sjobda, imaze gagemaxvilebinaT yuradReba, rom<br />

tyuiladRa vuwodebT `e. w. samxreT oseTs~ am tanjul miwas,<br />

radgan osebma, rac surdaT, imas miaRwies _ aqvT saku-<br />

Tari saxelmwifo, dafinansebas ruseTis federaciisagan<br />

iReben, saqarTvelos xelisuflebas ar SeuZlia samxedro<br />

dacvis gareSe Sevides cxinvalSi da iq daidos bina da viZaxoT<br />

axla Cven `egreT wodebuli~.<br />

Tumca, Tqven ra gesayvedurebaT, rodesac TviT parlamentma<br />

dumiliT auara gverdi erT-erTi deputatis uRim-<br />

Ramo gancadebas _ Sida qarTlic misaxediao.<br />

vfiqrob da ver amixsnia, batono Teimuraz, es ramRa<br />

gaTqmevinaT: `iqauri qarTvelebi ZiriTadad did qalaqebSi<br />

Casaxldnen da ukan wasvlaze aRar fiqroben, eSiniaT kidec<br />

da bevri mizezis gamo aRarc surT ukan dabruneba~-o.<br />

rao, rao! uiaraRo xalxs Cvens SesaWmelad daRebul xaxaSi<br />

gverekebiT da arc unda gveSinodes? saidana xarT ase<br />

guladebi Tqvena da Tqvennairebi _ mosiaruleebi im qarTul<br />

miwaze, `romelic TbilisSi, asfaltqveS Rrmad ari<br />

damarxuli~?..<br />

`ukan wasvlaze aRar fiqroben~-o, `aRarc surT ukan dabruneba~-o..<br />

128

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gaigeT, xalxno! rogor amoucvnia Cveni fiqrebi da survilebi<br />

am `eSmaksa~. (eSmakoba kai xelobad migaCniaT, b-no<br />

Teimuraz).<br />

sworedac rom vfiqrobT da didi imedi da survilica<br />

gvaqvs ukan dabrunebisa... magram ara iseTi dabrunebisa,<br />

Tqven rom gsurT _ osebs fexebSi CavuvardeT da patieba<br />

vTxovoT... amitomac jer kidev maSin, rodesac gvardia Sida<br />

qarTlSi imyofeboda, gujabauri da liaxvis marcxena napiri<br />

rom gaaTavisufla, `iqauri qarTvelebi~ sami avtobusiT<br />

gorSi wavidnen iaraRis misaRebad da wvrTnis gasavlelad.<br />

mere ra?<br />

mere is, rom mesame dRes dabrundnen daRonebuli biWebi.<br />

ase uTxra saxelmwifo sabWos rwmunebulma _ saTqveno<br />

iaraRi ara gvaqvso.<br />

batono Teimuraz, iqneba gagerkviaT, ra moxda?! erTs<br />

ki getyviT, sxvis nafiqralSi Cawvdomis mcdeloba Zalzed<br />

cud samsaxurs giwevT. araa eg Tqveni xeloba. eSmakiseulia<br />

eg saqme, Tumca dagiJinebiaT, qarTuli saqmeebis gasakeTeblad<br />

eSmakoba Tu gamogvadgebao. rogorc Sida qarTleli<br />

ltolvilebis fiqrebi ver amoicaniT da dagvabraleT<br />

`ukan wasvlaze aRar fiqroben~-o. aseve ver amoicaniT imaTi<br />

fiqrebic, vinc samaCablo sulmdablurad Seatova mters...<br />

rac Seexeba Semwynareblobas, masze laparaki SeiZleba<br />

mxolod maSin, rodesac avlagmavT arZinbebs, ozganebs, kulumbegovebs,<br />

CoCievebs da sxva maTnairebs.<br />

mglis Tavze saxarebis kiTxva ki veraferi politikaa,<br />

rodesac saqarTvelos bed-iRbalzea laparaki.<br />

batono Teimuraz! `guSindel soflelebs~ rom uki-<br />

JinebT, samSoblo ar giyvarTo, Torem waxvidodiT borjomis<br />

raionis osur soflebSi, SesaxldebodiT osebis saxleb-<br />

Si (esec eSmakTan wilnayari kacis azrebia?!), cxvar-Zroxas<br />

gaamravlebdiTo, Tanac askvniT, aravin wavao. `im qarTul<br />

miwas ver Seeleva, romelic TbilisSi, asfaltqveS Rrmad<br />

ari damarxuli~-o. sxvisi ar vici, me ki darwmunebuli var,<br />

rom qoriZeebi vaxtang gorgaslis amalaSi ara yofilan da<br />

Tqven rom wasuliyaviT borjomis xeobaSi, CasaxlebuliyaviT<br />

osis dacarielebul saxlSi da cxvar-ZroxisaTvisa da<br />

mamulisaTvis mogevloT, maSin davijerebdi, rom Tqveni<br />

129

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naTqvami: `...yvela Cvengans mxolod erTi kaci hyavs xelSi<br />

asayvani _ sakuTari Tavi~, gulwrfeli gancxadebaa.<br />

imas ki ver davijereb, rom Tqveni RaRadi: `saqarTvelo<br />

Cveni samSobloa, mxolod qarTvelebisa ki ara, yvelasi,<br />

vinc aq daibada, visac Tavi saqarTvelos Svilad miaCnia~ _<br />

mTlad gaazrebuli gqondeT.<br />

Tu es ase ar aris, maS gvirCieT _ visac Tavi saqarTvelos<br />

Svilad ar miaCnia da qarTuli miwis mitaceba saukuneobriv<br />

ocnebad aqvs gadaqceuli, imaT rogorRa moveqceT?! xom<br />

Tqveni sityvebia: _ `unda aRvadginoT osuri olqis statusi<br />

saqarTveloSi. nu davarqmevT mas `samxreT oseTs~,<br />

Tu es saxelwodeba raRac (raRac ki ara, namdvilad _ h.g.)<br />

cud mogonebebs aRgviZravs, davarqvaT mas dvaleTi, cxinvalis<br />

olqi, samaCablo...~<br />

o, ra kargi sityvebia! o, rogor gamoicani `didebis~<br />

survili?!<br />

xom miaRwieT sawadels da xom aRudgineT osebs avtonomiuri<br />

olqi? aRudgineT!<br />

Se kai dalocvilis Svilo! osebs aRar ekiTxebi, hyofniT<br />

Tu ara avtonomiuri olqis statusi?!<br />

axalqalaqel somxebsa da marneulel azerbaijanelebs<br />

aRar ekiTxebi?! iqneb imaTac undaT olqi an respublika?!<br />

is ki Zalian sainteresoa, Tqven rogor fiqrobT _<br />

ukanonobas SeuZlia kanoniereba daamkvidros?!<br />

hamlet gelaZe (`saqarTvelos samreklos~ informacia).<br />

raze gvwydeba guli!<br />

gazeT `dronis~ 27 noembris nomerSi daibeWda Teimuraz<br />

qoriZis werili `omi unda davamarcxoT~, romelmac<br />

samaCabloelTa guliswyroma gamoiwvia. maTi daJinebuli<br />

TxovniT, vbeWdavT gamoxmaurebas aRniSnul werilze.<br />

...diax, samaCabloSi omi damTavrda, damTavrda ise, rom<br />

omidan `Cven Rirseulad~ ver gamovediT. es usamarTlo omi<br />

osebma moiges da iciT ratom? _ `erTi piris Wirime da ori<br />

xelisao~, _ am principiT rom moqmedebdnen, imitom. gana<br />

ver xvdeba oseTis wamyvani Zala, rom Secda qarTvelebT-<br />

130

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an urTierTdamokidebulebaSi, magram Cvens gasagonad ar<br />

ityvis amas, nirs ar wauxdens Tavis xalxs. aba gadaxedeT<br />

maT osur da rusul gazeTebs, maT televizias (diax, televiziac<br />

aqvT ukve), savsea qarTvelebisadmi zizRiT. gazeTi<br />

`droni~ ki 1992 wlis 27 noembris nomerSi beWdavs Teimuraz<br />

qoriZis werils `omi unda davamarcxoT~, romelic<br />

CvenTvis moulodnelad, ai, ase mTavrdeba:<br />

`axla mivadeqi yvelaze saCoTiro sakiTxs, romelzec,<br />

albaT, bevri fiqrobs da Tqmas veravin bedavs: Tu Cven<br />

gvinda myari mSvidoba saqarTveloSi, Tu gvinda gvaRiaron<br />

civilizebul erTad, Tu vaRiarebT kanonis uzenaesobas<br />

da pativs vcemT adamianis uflebebs, unda aRvadginoT<br />

olqis statusi saqarTveloSi. nu davarqmevT<br />

mas `samxreT oseTs~, Tu es saxelwodeba raRac cud mogonebebs<br />

aRgviZravs. davarqvaT mas dvaleTi, cxinvalis<br />

olqi, samaCablo... rac gnebavT, magram osuri avtonomia<br />

(olqis statusi) unda aRdges~. _ xumrobasac xom unda<br />

eSxi: samaCablo _ osuri avtonomiuri olqi, maSin, roca<br />

marto warwera `samaCablo~ TamaraSenTan gulmodgined<br />

dacxriles osebma.<br />

cota adre avtori aRniSnavs: `mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelom<br />

moipova Tavisufleba, rac saqarTvelo scno civilizebulma<br />

msofliom da gaeros sruluflebiani wevri<br />

gaxda, veraviTari avtonomia saqarTvelos mTlianobas ver<br />

daemuqreba... nebismier mcire ers aqvs TviTorganizaciis<br />

ufleba, rac kulturul avtonomiasTan erTad administraciuli<br />

subieqtis Seqmnis SesaZleblobasac gulisxmobs~.<br />

maS mivceT mwvane gza somxeTis avtonomias, TaTre-<br />

Tis avtonomias, ruseTis, qurTebis da a. S. avtonomiebs<br />

jer `saqarTvelos farglebSi~, mere...<br />

magram osebs qarTvelebis nawyalobevi olqi `saqarTvelos<br />

farglebSi~ sulac aRar WirdebaT. maT TviTonve<br />

gaauqmes olqi da daamtkices respublika _ dRes ukve<br />

sruliad damoukidebeli rogorc saqarTvelosgan, aseve<br />

ruseTisagan...<br />

kmara! bevr Tbilisel Jurnalistsac kargad esmis, rac<br />

moxda samaCabloSi, riTac daiwyo yvelaferi da ratomac<br />

ver mTavrdeba. da Tu ar gesmis, maSin SewyviteT es `yov-<br />

131

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lismcodneTa~ moRvaweoba! rogor SegiZliaT amtkicoT,<br />

rom olqis micema `iqneba erTi didi nabiji istoriulad<br />

moZme xalxebis Serigebisken~ maSin, roca erTxelac ar SexvedrixarT<br />

cxinvalel ltolvilebs, ar iciT maTi warsuli,<br />

awmyo da Tqveni gadawyvetilebiT samudamo ltolvilebis<br />

ganaCens utanT.<br />

gvinda SegaxsenoT, rom yofili samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri<br />

olqis msgavsi saxelmwifoebrivi warmonaqmni Cveni<br />

planetis arc erT qveyanaSi istoriulad ar arsebula, ar<br />

arsebobs da verc iarsebebs, radgan es aris saerTaSoriso<br />

samarTlis normis darRveva.<br />

osebis pretenziebi usafuZvloa samarTlebrivadac da<br />

civilizebul msoflioSi dadgenili praqtikiTac. sayovel-<br />

Taod aRiarebuli principebiTac erovnuli TviTgamorkvevis<br />

ufleba aqvT mxolod Tavis teritoriaze mcxovreb<br />

erebs, aborigenebs, romlebic odesRac daipyres. osebi ki<br />

aravis daupyria da arc aborigenebs miekuTvnebian.<br />

gazeT `dronSi~ gamoqveynebuli werili kidev erTi<br />

magaliTia imisa, Tu ra Zlieria qarTveli qarTvelis winaaRmdeg.<br />

sxva SemTxvevaSi samaCabloSi osebi verafers<br />

dagvaklebdnen. isev Cvenma genma da jilagma gaaTamama,<br />

frTebi gauSala osebs, parpaSis didi sarbieli misca.<br />

Tqven gindaT is Secdoma CaidinoT, rac Cvenma `didma<br />

qarTvelebma~ Caidines Tavis droze. geyofaT samaCabloelebis<br />

abuCad agdeba. istorias jer kidev ar uTqvams<br />

Tavisi sityva amgvarad moazrovne qarTvelebis<br />

mimarT, RmerTs jer ar gamoutania ganaCeni. ase rom, win<br />

bevri ram aris mosalodneli.<br />

xels awers 1132 samaCabloeli ltolvili (`dronis~ informacia).<br />

amis mets aRar gitireb...<br />

(Ria werili baton T. qoriZes)<br />

batono Teimuraz, gazeT `dronSi~ gamoqveynebul<br />

Tqvens werilSi, Cemi misamarTiT gametebul sxva `sasiamovno~<br />

frazebTan erTad, aris erTi aseTi qiliknarevi wi-<br />

132

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nadadebac: nodar grigalaSvili mxarze xels ZmabiWurad<br />

miTaTunebs da atirebuli patara biWiviT mamSvidebso.<br />

Tqvenda gasakvirad, unda giTxraT, rom es Sedareba er-<br />

Tob momewona...<br />

werilSi _ `SabaS sityva, SabaS kaci, SabaS saqme misgan qmnili~<br />

(`saqarTvelo~ # 47 1992 w.) _ me marTlac `gamovitire~<br />

Tqveni azri, romliTac `samxreT oseTis~ avtonomiis aRdgenis<br />

saWiroebas qadagebT.<br />

amasTan, pirovnulad urTierT keTilganwyobis moimeded<br />

davrCi, rac marTlac gulubryvilo patara biWiviT<br />

damemarTa, radgan unda mcodnoda, rom axla is dro aRar<br />

aris, roca Cveni didi winaprebi, miuRebeli azrebis gamo,<br />

erTmaneTs sakmaod mkvaxed elaparakebodnen presaSi amtydari<br />

polemikis Jams, pirovnul urTierTobebSi ki keTilganwyobas<br />

inarCunebdnen.<br />

rogorc `saqarTveloSi~ Semosuli masalebisa da<br />

Tqvenive amJamindeli werilidan Sevityve, Cems garda<br />

Tqveni statiis (`omi unda davamarcxoT~) daskvnebi ar moswonebia<br />

aTasobiT qarTvels.<br />

aTas kacze meti xelmoweriT sayovelTao aRSfoTeba<br />

gamouxatavs TviT samaCabloel qarTuli erovnebis mosaxleobasac.<br />

im Tqveni naazreviT aRfrTovanebulan mxolod osebi da<br />

gaxarebul banditebsa da eqstremistebs didi siamovnebiT<br />

gadubeWdavT TavianT antiqarTul gazeTSi.<br />

roca raRaca Sens sisxlsa da xorcs ar moswons da, am<br />

dros, misiT aRfrTovanebulia Seni sisxl-xorcis mteri,<br />

aman unda daafiqros kaci...<br />

arada, Tqven mainc daJinebiT imeorebT _ `samxreT oseTis~<br />

avtonomia aRvadginoTo.<br />

es azri, Tqvenive Seudarebeli Sedarebisa ar iyos, _<br />

atirebuli patara biWiviT erTxel ukve `gamovitire~, meoredac<br />

rom ar davimsaxuro Tqvengan qiliki, iZulebuli<br />

var, aq Sevwyvito `tirili~ da dagpirdeT:<br />

`amis mets aRar gitireb,<br />

Sen ar xar satiralia...~<br />

(nodar grigalaSvili, `saqarTvelos~ informacia).<br />

133

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saiT mivdivarT, Zmebo!<br />

16-22 Tebervlis `iberia speqtrSi~ gamoqveynebulia<br />

cxinvaleli ltolvilis hamlet gelaZis informacia `ra<br />

awuxebT samaCabloelebs~.<br />

avtors informaciaSi mTlianad mohyavs samaCabloel-<br />

Ta im mitingze miRebuli Tormetpunqtiani `moTxovnebi~.<br />

ra Tqma unda, Tormetive mimarTulia xelisuflebisadmi<br />

da did yuradRebasac imsaxurebs, magram piradad CemTvis<br />

sikvdil-sicocxlis mniSvneloba aqvs mecxre punqts:<br />

`moviTxovT gazeT `dronis~ korespondentis Teimuraz<br />

qoriZis, rogorc qarTveli xalxis da Cveni qveynis moRalatis,<br />

saTanadod dasjas~.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, amave gazeTSi (romelic TiTqmis mTlianad<br />

eZRvneba mis redaqtors, baton irakli gociriZes)<br />

gamoqveynebulia `naZaladevis raionis mosaxleobis~ mier<br />

xelmowerili ultimatumi b-n Temur mirianaSvilisadmi. am<br />

koleqtiur namuSevarSi aSkarad aris naTqvami, rom werilis<br />

avtorebi TviTonve gamoutanen ganaCens mirianaSvils<br />

da TviTonve moiyvanen mas sisruleSi!<br />

sajaro angariSsworebisken amgvari mowodebani axali<br />

ar aris `iberia-speqtrisTvis~, magram misi bolodroindeli<br />

gamosvlebi yovelgvar zRvars aWarbebs.<br />

ki batono, irakli gociriZes uyvars yofili prezidenti,<br />

unda `mrgvalebis~ restavracia, aRmerTebs sakuTar<br />

personas, gauTaveblad laqlaqebs samSobloze, magram,<br />

nuTu, amisTvis saWiroa Teimuraz qoriZis da Temur mirianaSvilis<br />

sikvdiliT dasjisken mowodeba?<br />

uwignurma batonma gelaZem iqneb arc icis, ras niSnavs<br />

kacis moRalated gamocxadeba da misi `saTanadod dasjis~<br />

moTxovna, magram mravalnacadma batonma gociriZem xom<br />

icis?!<br />

neba miboZeT, mivmarTo kolega-Jurnalistebs: saiT mivdivarT,<br />

Zmebo! nuTu, bolo ar unda moeRos am gauTavebeli<br />

da yovlad uRirsi lanZRva-ginebis, ciliswamebis, uvicobis<br />

da uwignurobis parpaSs presaSi? frTxilad viyoT,<br />

frTxilad _ Cvens dRevandel nawerebs momavali Taobebi<br />

waikiTxaven da mere aRar gviSvelis gociriZesaviT Tavis<br />

134

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marTleba: adre `imnairi~ viyavi, batono, magram mere sul<br />

mTlad gardaviqmeni da axla `amnairi~ varo! (`dronis~ informacia).<br />

Zalebis aSkara Seusabamobis miuxedavad, am polemikaSi<br />

`gamarjvebulis~ gamovlena verc maSin da verc 15 wlis Semdeg<br />

ver moxerxda. sabednierod, saqarTvelo imdroindeli<br />

qsenofobiuri senisgan swrafad ganikurna. antiosuri<br />

isteriac Cacxra da meamayeba, rom amaSi Cemi da Cemi Tanamoazreebis<br />

wvlilic urevia. Tumca, darCa qarTul-osuri<br />

problema, romelic momavalSi brZnuli saxelmwifo politikiT<br />

da Jurnalistebis aqtiuri monawileobiT (cecxlze<br />

navTis dasxmas ar vgulisxmob) unda mogvarebuliyo.<br />

sanam mZafr politikur polemikaSi gabatonebuli azris<br />

sawinaaRmdegod Carevas ganizraxavdeT, gaixseneT,<br />

ra moimkes Tqvenma winamorbedebma. xolo gadawyvetileba<br />

mas Semdeg miiReT, roca sakuTar ZalebSi da Tqveni<br />

ganzraxvis WeSmaritebaSi darwmundebiT. sakuTar ojax-<br />

Tan da axloblebTan moTaTbireba da... gamomSvidobebac<br />

ar dagaviwydeT _ xom naxeT, zogierT tvingaxurebul<br />

ura-patriots JurnalistebisTvis ra siioliT gamoaqvs<br />

sasikvdilo ganaCeni?!<br />

SegaxsenebT politikuri koniunqturis paradoqsebsac<br />

_ qsenofobiis maniiT Sepyrobili yofili Jurnalisti<br />

nodar grigalaSvili mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi iyo saqarTvelos<br />

parlamentis wevri, parlamentis mecnierebis,<br />

ganaTlebis da sportis komitetis Tavmjdomare da, rasakvirvelia,<br />

demokratizmis, humanizmis da tolerantobis<br />

mqadagebeli!<br />

carieli polemika. misTvis SegveZlo gvewodebina<br />

umiznoc, uazroc, samarcxvinoc ki. zogjer masobrivi<br />

informaciis saSualebebSi friad pativcemuli gvamebis<br />

monawileobiT imarTeba xangrZlivi polemika... arafris<br />

gamo. saqarTveloSi, magaliTad, mTeli xuTi Tu eqvsi<br />

wlis ganmavlobaSi ar wydeboda davidaraba imis Taobaze,<br />

SeiZleboda Tu ara qveynis uZvirfasesi samuzeumo<br />

eqsponatebis (maT Soris, xatebis) gamofena sxva qveyanaSi.<br />

igulisxmeboda is eqsponatebi, romelTa gatana fizikurad<br />

SesaZlebeli iyo.<br />

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marTali giTxraT, ar gamigonia, am Temaze romelime<br />

qveyanaSi ekamaToT. yvela cdilobs sakuTari Sedevrebi<br />

gamofinos da amiT msoflios winaSe Tavi moiwonos. CvenTan<br />

cxare kamaTi gaimarTa da im azris gamarjvebiT dagvirgvinda,<br />

romelic amtkicebda, Zvirfasi saeklesio (samuzeumo)<br />

nivTebis gatana arafriT ar SeiZleba, radgan maT gatanas-<br />

Tan erTad saqarTvelos madli RvTisa moakldebao(!?).<br />

amgvari logikis saR azrTan siaxlove Tavad gansajeT, me<br />

ki davamateb, rom am `gamarjvebaSi~ Tvisi wvlili Seitanes<br />

politikuri partiebis liderebma, parlamentis wevrebma,<br />

mecnierebma da marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mRvdelmsaxurebmac<br />

mrevlis erTi nawilis mxurvale mxardaWeriT.<br />

polemika mimdinareobda sajarod, presis da televiziis<br />

saSualebiT. Jurnalisturma wreebma, am SemTxvevaSi,<br />

sakiTxis uaRresi delikaturobis (Tu dabneulobis) gamo,<br />

neitraluri pozicia airCia.<br />

uaresic maxsovs _ igi saqarTveloSi romis papis, ioanepavle<br />

meoris* vizits Seexeba.<br />

rogorc ki misma uwmindesobam Rarib da politikurad<br />

areul saqarTveloSi Camosvlis Sesaxeb ganacxada, CvenSi<br />

am vizits moulodnelad uamravi sastiki mowinaaRmdege<br />

gamouCnda: Turme msoflio kaTolikuri eklesiis meTauri<br />

Tavisi personis siaxloviT Sebilwavda Cvens marTlmadideblur<br />

rwmenas da siwmindeebs!<br />

romis paps umogzauria msoflios umravles, maT Soris,<br />

fundamentalistur islamur qveynebSi, magram mas arsad<br />

winaaRmdegoba ar Sexvedria.<br />

Cvenma `morwmuneebma~, romlebic guSin komunisti<br />

aTeistebi iyvnen, uari ganacxades romis papis miRebaze!<br />

SesaZloa, oriode orTodoqsi morwmune marTlac<br />

gulwrfeli iyo, magram darwmunebuli brZandebodeT, is<br />

demagogi politikosebi da gapolitikosebuli mRvdlebi<br />

(RmerTo, Seminde!), gulze mjiRs rom icemdnen, sakuTar<br />

Tavze zrunavdnen da sazogado arc ainteresebdaT.<br />

saqme is aris, rom uprofesio `politikosebi~, rogorc<br />

wesi, yovel Rones xmaroben politikaSi dasarCenad. ara<br />

aqvs mniSvneloba, karg saqmeze ilaqlaqeben Tu cudze, mTavaria,<br />

presis yuradReba miiqcion. mizans aRweven kidec. aba,<br />

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scadeT da yuradReba ar miaqcioT deputats an mRvdelmsaxurs,<br />

romelic aseT mkrexelur gamoTqmas ixmars _ romis<br />

papi satanaa! (kidev erTxel bodiSs vixdi WeSmaritad<br />

morwmune da saRad moazrovne sazogadoebasTan).<br />

polemika zogjer ubralod, enis mosaqaveblad da yuradRebis<br />

misaqcevadac imarTeba. amis klasikuri nimu-<br />

Sia 2004 wlis saprezidento arCevnebi saqarTveloSi _<br />

prezidentobis ramdenime kandidatma amomrCevelTa 0,02<br />

procenti miiRo. samagierod, yovel maTgans mieca satelevizio<br />

diskusiebis gamarTvis saSualeba.<br />

erTi SexedviT, uazro kamaTebi imarTeba, ZiriTadad, piradi<br />

an jgufuri gamorCenis an raRac sakiTxis masmediiT<br />

lobirebis gamo da xSirad sakmaod kargad aris organizebuli.<br />

Jurnalistebic xSirad egebian am ankesze. an marTlac<br />

gulwrfelad ainteresebT, sadamde SeiZleba mivides adamianis<br />

ugunureba da usindisoba.<br />

rogorc wesi, amgvar Sou-polemikaSi Jurnalistebi sakuTari<br />

azris gamoTqmas eridebian. girCevT, Tqvenc ase<br />

moiqceT.<br />

axla kidev erTi Zalian momxiblavi Jurnalisturi xerxi<br />

gavixsenoT. es gaxlavT<br />

reportaJi<br />

Tu ar vcdebi, Jurnalistikis TeoriaSi es xerxi `reportaJul<br />

JanrebSi~ moixsenieba. rogorc dasaxelebidanac<br />

xvdebiT, es `Janrebi~, Tavis mxriv, `qveJanrebad~ iyofa.<br />

darwmunebuli var, romelime aucileblad gamomrCeba, magram<br />

mainc gavriskav.<br />

upirveles yovlisa, es gaxlavT egreT wodebuli SeniSvna<br />

_ konkretuli faqtis aRmniSvneli mokle informacia,<br />

romelic ainteresebs sazogadoebas. aseT informaciebs<br />

yoveldRe mravlad ismenT radioTi da televiziiT,<br />

kiTxulobT internetSi da gazeTebSi. isini mxolod maSin<br />

aris aqtualuri da amarTlebs Tavis daniSnulebas, Tu pasuxobs<br />

kiTxvebs: sad? ra? rodis? vin? rogor? ratom? da,<br />

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unebrivia, Seicavs raRac saintereso siaxles, magaliTad,<br />

aseTs:<br />

`guSin, saRamos eqvs saaTze, didi britaneTis lordTa<br />

palataSi sityviT gamovida `qarTvel biznesmenTa kavSiris~<br />

Tavmjdomare badri patarkaciSvili, romelmac mdidar inglisel<br />

lordebs Soreuli da Raribi saqarTvelos problemebi<br />

gaacno. es aris lordTa palataSi saqarTvelos moqalaqis<br />

gamosvlis pirveli SemTxveva~.<br />

araviTari detalizeba: guSin, eqvs saaTze, lordTa<br />

palataSi, patarkaciSvili, pirvelad! da meti araferi. es<br />

srulebiT ar akninebs informaciis mniSvnelobas.<br />

ra Tqma unda, SegviZlia da xSirad aucilebelicaa informaciis<br />

ufro dawvrilebiT gadmocema. metic, misi<br />

gamdidreba kompetenturi analitikuri msjelobiT da,<br />

warmoidgineT, interviuebiTac ki. rogorc wesi, Jurnalistebi<br />

am xerxs xSirad mimarTaven cxeli wertilebidan,<br />

sportuli Sejibrebebidan da mniSvnelovani politikuri<br />

Sexvedrebidan reportaJebis gadacemis dros. marTalia,<br />

Jurnalistis komentarebi da analizi zogjer naucbaTevi,<br />

zerele da sasaciloc kia, magram Zalian didia cduneba _<br />

me (Jurnalisti) xom movlenaTa epicentrSi var, me xom sakuTari<br />

TvaliT vnaxe, ra pativiT miiRo ekzotikuri saqarTvelos<br />

parlamentis spikeri nino burjanaZe didi britaneTis<br />

yofilma premierma, msoflio diplomatiis istoriaSi<br />

`rkinis ledis~ saxeliT Sesulma margaret tetCerma*.<br />

hoda, didi araferi daSavdeba, Tu burjanaZesa da tetCers<br />

Soris ararsebul msgavsebas avRniSnav da am Sexvedris<br />

mniSvnelobas SeZlebisdagvarad gavbuqav _ amas ledi<br />

tetCeri namdvilad ar waikiTxavs, qalbatoni burjanaZe<br />

madlobis garda arafers metyvis, qarTvel diasaxlispolitikosebs<br />

ki WoraobisTvis axal masalebs mivawvdi _<br />

gaige, gogo, Cvens ninos gaugiJebia mTeli inglisi!..<br />

es, ra Tqma unda, xumrobiT _ umaRlesi donis Sexvedrebze<br />

saintereso bevri ram xdeba, miT ufro, sainteresos<br />

da Wkuissaswavlebels ra gamolevs cxel wertilebSi an<br />

sportul sarbielebze. gansjis da komentarebis saSualebas<br />

nebismieri movlena iZleva. Jurnalistma unda isargeblos<br />

amiT da metnaklebi warmatebiT, sargeblobs kidec.<br />

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oRond, ar unda daiviwyoT, rom Tqveni SeniSvna, miT ufro,<br />

Tu mas komentarebi axlavs da analizis pretenziac aqvs,<br />

kargad unda iyos gaformebuli vizualuri TvalsazrisiT.<br />

rac mTavaria, unda moiSvelioT cifrobrivi argumentacia<br />

da publicisturi detalebi.<br />

calke qveJanrad SeiZleba gamovyoT angariSi. sxvaTa<br />

Soris, rogorc amboben, angariSi aris evropuli Jurnalistikis<br />

uZvelesi Janri. ZiriTadad, igi gamoiyeneba politikuri<br />

(Sekrebebi, Sexvedrebi, yrilobebi, miRebebi, debatebi...)<br />

da sportuli movlenebis gasaSuqeblad. angariSi<br />

SeiZleba iyos qronikaluri (anu mokle), dawvrilebiTi,<br />

Tematuri da analitikuri (roca avtori mSrali, stenogramuli<br />

informaciis nacvlad problemis analizs iZleva,<br />

mokled, statiis Janrs iyenebs).<br />

barem erT saidumlosac gagimxelT: mkiTxvelisTvis<br />

mniSvnelovani da sainteresoa is informacia, romelic<br />

Tqven, Jurnalists migaCniaT mniSvnelovnad da sainteresod<br />

_ yvelaferi Tqvens ostatobazea damokidebuli.<br />

da mainc, reportaJi, Tavisi klasikuri gagebiT, ar aris<br />

mxolod is, razec axla visaubreT. ufro zustad, reportaJi<br />

gacilebiT mets niSnavs da Semsruleblisganac gacilebiT<br />

mets moiTxovs. mkiTxveli unda mixvdes, mkiTxvelma<br />

unda dainaxos, rom Jurnalisti aramarto uambobs, aramed<br />

ganicdis, yvelaferi uSualod mis Tvalwin, misi monawileobiT<br />

xdeba...<br />

es ufro mwerluri saqmea, rasac xSirad mwerlebze<br />

ukeTesad Jurnalistebi akeTeben.<br />

Tu nebas damrTavT, kidev erT magaliTs moviSvelieb<br />

profesor CeredniCenkos wignidan `Jurnalistikis<br />

sakiTxebi~. es aris Jurnalist sergei kurnakovis reportaJi<br />

sankt-peterburgis isaakis moednidan da dawerilia,<br />

arc meti, arc naklebi, 1914 wlis agvistoSi, im dRes, roca<br />

germaniam ruseTs omi gamoucxada.<br />

`me rom mivedi, isaakis moedani ukve xalxiT iyo gaWedili.<br />

cxra saaTi iqneboda, jer kidev idga dRis naTeli _<br />

Crdilouri Rameebis mSvidi, warmtaci bindbundi.<br />

germanuli saelCos granitis urCxuli isaakis taZris<br />

wiTeli granitis kedlebs uyurebda. jgufebad mdgari<br />

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xalxi raRacas eloda. ramdenime metismetad mgznebare<br />

patrioti flotis axalgazrda oficers Cxrekda. am dros<br />

liTonze najaxis ritmuli dartymebis xmam maiZula mzera<br />

gadametana germaniis saelCos saxuravze, romelic mor-<br />

Tuli iyo gazuluqebuli germaneli jariskacebis kolosaluri<br />

figurebiT, sazidrebSi Sebmul nasuq cxenebs rom<br />

akavebdnen. flagStoks brinjaos frTagaSlili arwivi amSvenebda.<br />

ramdenime kaci tevtonebs saqmianad scemda najaxs<br />

fexebSi. brbo pirvelive dartymam gaamZvinvara: gmirTa<br />

figurebi futuro yofila!<br />

`carielia! RvTiuri niSania! nemCuram (germanelma _<br />

T. q.) mxolod gabuqva icis! yvelaferi moCexe! ara, cxenebi<br />

datove!~<br />

najaxebi ufro da ufro swrafad scemdnen. bolos erTi<br />

meomari Setortmanda, gadaixara da asi futis simaRlidan<br />

trotuarze zRarTani moadina. saSinelma gminvam isaakis<br />

mooqrovil TaRze mokalaTebuli yvavebi wamoSala.<br />

mere arwivis jeri dadga _ igi stveniT daenarcxa miwas<br />

da uamrav namsxvrevad qceuli myisve moikaSi gauCinarda.<br />

Tumca, simboloebis ganadgureba aSkarad ukmari aRmoCnda.<br />

Tvalis daxamxamebaSi Seikra jgufi da saelCos<br />

gverdiTi Sesasvleli Seamtvria. vxedavdi, rogor mifarfatebda<br />

fanrebisa da CiraRdnebis moliclice Suqi erTi<br />

sarTulidan meoreze. didi fanjara gaiRo da iqidan brbosken<br />

kaizeris portreti gadmofrinda. portrets vardisferi<br />

roiali mohyva da qvafenilze bombiviT gaskda. dawyvetili<br />

simebis kvnesa haerSi aTrTolda da wamsve yiJinaSi<br />

CainTqa _ metismetad bevri adamiani cdilobda yviriliT<br />

CaexSo momavlisadmi SiSi~.<br />

diax, es aris rusi Jurnalistis mier TiTqmis saukunis<br />

winaT dawerili reportaJi. gulze xeli daideT da TqviT,<br />

xom cxadad mogesmaT gaveSebuli brbos mrisxane guguni,<br />

liTonze dacemuli najaxis JRriali da sasikvdilod gametebuli<br />

vardisferi roialis kvnesa?!<br />

Jurnalistma am patara reportaJiT SesZlo mkiTxvelisTvis<br />

daenaxvebina momavlisadmi SiSiT gagiJebuli brbos<br />

(gTxovT, am termins `xalxSi~ nu aurevT da brbos Tvisebebs<br />

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xalxs nu miawerT) namdvili saxe. da man es gaakeTa WeSmariti<br />

mwerlurii didostatobiT _ arcerTi zedmeti sityva,<br />

araviTari maRalfardovneba _ movlenaTa TviTmxilveli<br />

Jurnalisti iuveliris sizustiT poulobs saWiro sityvebs<br />

da gamoTqmebs isaakis moedanze Seqmnili viTarebis<br />

gadmosacemad. rac mTavaria, Cven, mkiTxvelebs gvjera misi,<br />

ufro zustad, avtori gvaiZulebs davujeroT mas. swored<br />

amas hqvia Jurnalisturi xelovneba.<br />

axla, sanimuSod, kidev erT reportaJs SemogTavazebT.<br />

kacma rom Tqvas, me vfiqrob, rom reportaJia, Torem avtors<br />

misTvis Canaxati-nostalgia daurqmevia (etyoba, Jurnalisturi<br />

Janrebi fexebze hkidia da sworadac iqceva _<br />

misi saqme Janrebi ki ara, axla rom waikiTxavT, iseTi mwerlur-Jurnalisturi<br />

Sedevrebis weraa). `Canaxati-nostalgia~<br />

imiT aris saintereso, rom... es aris reportaJi warsulidan.<br />

xolo kargi imitomac aris, rom misi avtoria (ar<br />

vici, ra epiTeti da tituli moviSvelio) rezi TvaraZe.<br />

es, Cemi azriT reportaJi da avtoris azriT _ Canaxatinostalgia,<br />

rodis daiwera ar vici, magram zustad vici,<br />

rom gamoqveynda gazeT `TbilisSi~ 1989 wlis 4 aprils.<br />

maS ase, rezi TvaraZis<br />

ubani<br />

ubans Tavisi sazRvrebi aqvs, kacma ar icis, vis mier dadgenili,<br />

oRond _ sayovelTaod aRiarebuli da pativcemuli.<br />

magaliTad, CitaZis quCis marcxena mxare sololaks<br />

ekuTvnis, marjvena ukve mTawmindis ubania. marjvena mxares<br />

moxvedrili sololakeli Tavs ucxo teritoriaze grZnob<br />

da, Tu vinicobaa konfliqtamde mivida saqme, guli mTlad<br />

sagules ver geqneba. arada, gadairben xuT-eqvs metrs da<br />

Sens ubanSi xar isev, ubatonod kaci xmas ver gagcems. es<br />

_ xumrobiT, raRa Tqma unda, magram simarTlenarevi xumrobiT.<br />

`sololaki~ ki ara, `salalaki~ aris namdvili saxelio,<br />

_ getyvis mogvianebiT erTi swavluli da guli dagwydeba.<br />

imitom, rom mTelma Senma bavSvobam sololakSi gaiara<br />

da ara salalakSi, mere sololakSive daWabukdi, dakacdi,<br />

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mere sxva ubanSi gadasaxldi da guli mainc sololakisken<br />

giwevda mudam, Tundac aw ukve erT did garaJad qceuli<br />

sololakisken.<br />

Tumca, im sxva ubans ubani aRarc eTqmoda, es axali<br />

drois Tbilisi iyo _ standartuli, usaxuri Senobebi,<br />

pirmorRveuli, intimis uqoneli sivrce, sadac ubnis SemosazRvra<br />

iseve SeuZlebelia, rogorc namdvili Tbilisuri<br />

ezos povna.<br />

oRond es yvelaferi mere moxdeba da gaiazreba. jerjerobiT<br />

Zvel sololakSi vimyofebiT, kirovis quCis kuTxe-<br />

Si. am adgils SemdgomSi `birJa~ daerqmeva sxva ubnebis<br />

TavSesayar adgilTa analogiiT. kirovis quCis momijnave<br />

moedansac leninis moedani daerqmeva SemdgomSi. axla es<br />

Sen azrad ver mogiva. omi axali damTavrebulia da is ur-<br />

Cxuli, vis saxelsac moedani atarebs, moixsenieba, viTarca<br />

`leninis mowafe, didi stalinis erTguli TanamebrZoli~.<br />

Tumca is urCxulic da misi uwyebac Sen, bodiSi da, fexebze<br />

ginda daikido iseve, rogorc Sens Tanamosaubreebs _ ubnis<br />

cnobil biWebs.<br />

ukeT rom vTqvaT, Sen iq erTi axalwamoCituli mamlayinwa<br />

xar, jer xma aravisTan amogeReba. xolo is ubnis ibWebi!..<br />

xolo is ubnis biWebi!..<br />

es is Taobaa, romelic an Tavisi asakis wyalobiT, an sxva<br />

raRac saswaulis ZaliT gadaurCa sasaklaos _ pirveli<br />

omisSemdgomi Taoba, SimSilsa da siciveSi gazrdili, upovari,<br />

usaxsro, daSinebuli ojaxebis kedlebSi gazrdili.<br />

da mainc _ saukeTeso ojaxiSvilebi, saukeTeso mamuliSvilebi,<br />

sikeTiT, patiosnebiT, rainduli zrdilobiTa da<br />

rainduli zneobiT damSvenebulni. salami ra aris, salmis<br />

micemas ver daaswreb verc erT maTgans, ragind Senze ufrosi<br />

iyos asakiT! gogosTan gavla ra aris, dedamisis Svilia<br />

da vinmem rame akadros rusTavelze gogosTan erTad mimaval<br />

Cvenubnels (Tugind sxvaubnels)! biWuri Cxubi ra aris,<br />

gabedavs vinme da orni an metni mietevebian mopirispires<br />

_ mTel ubanSi, mTel qalaqSi moeWrebaT Tavi!<br />

SequCul jgufTan gaxviTquli nodari movardeba:<br />

_ riCa Cxubobs spartakTan!<br />

es ambavi imis mauwyebelia, rom kinoTeatr `spartakis~<br />

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win Cxubobs riCa (dRes _ Jurnalisti oTar gagua). `spartakidan~<br />

kino `rusTavelamde~, ufro aqeTac, gamziris<br />

mTel marjvena mxares, yoveldRe, yovel saRamos gamolaSlaSdeba<br />

gundi da gundi moxuligno tipebisa. ujiSoni,<br />

boRmianni, Tavxedni, Saris Tavni, orni da samni erTze mitevebulni<br />

_ mamacni, Sinaganad _ guldedalni. albaT, imaT-<br />

Tan Cxubobs riCa. misi Cxubis yurebac erT ramed Rirs.<br />

ramdenime biWi mowydeba adgils da gavardeba. sxvani ar<br />

iZvrian, mSvidad ganagrZoben saubars _ arc zaqara (mito<br />

zaqareiSvili) gatokebula, sololakis yoCi, arc apia (elguja<br />

buaCiZe), Tbilisis absoluturi yoCi.<br />

asea: ezos Tavisi yoCi hyavs, quCas _ Tavisi, klass _ Tavisi,<br />

skolas _ Tavisi, mere _ ubans da qalaqs. am ambebSi<br />

Senze ukeT iago erkveva (dRes _ qarTuli enciklopediis<br />

pasuxismgebeli mdivani iago vardosaniZe), imas unda moayolo,<br />

sad ra brZola gadaxdenia Tbilisis yoCs apias.<br />

_ rezo faRavasac moereva? _ viTom ar gjera Sen.<br />

_ aba, ra! _ iagos avtoriteti Seuvalia.<br />

_ rebecasac? dodo abaSiZesac? _ siamovnebas ixangrZliveb<br />

SekiTxvebiT.<br />

`birJaze~ ramdenime kaci mudam dgas, wasulebs axalmosulni<br />

enacvlebian ganuwyvetliv. mTeli ubnis, mTeli<br />

qalaqis informacia aq iyris Tavs, yvelas da yvelafris<br />

ambavs aq Seityob. visi naxvac ginda, aqve naxav, ra droc<br />

iqneba. kirovis quCa `garesamyarosTan~ _ sololakis damakavSirebeli<br />

ZiriTadi arteria. CitaZis quCiT iSviaTad<br />

brundebian sololakSi, ar uyvarT iqiT avla (ori kaci rom<br />

mibaasobdes da ori wuTiT SeCerdes, maSinve milicieli miadgeba:<br />

`gaiareT!~).<br />

ase rom, yvelam aq unda amoiaros Tu Caiaros. aq gamoCndeba<br />

geronti qiqoZe*, zurgze xelebdawyobili (cal<br />

xelSi _ kepi), Tvaldawkuruli, mSvidi. aqve ixilavT mis<br />

antipods, baton konstantines _ energiuls, SemarTuls,<br />

gawkepils, odnav artistuls (uxdeba!). eseni aqve saxloben,<br />

jafariZis quCaze. maT gverdiT cxovrobda kaci, romlis<br />

xsenebac iseve saSiSia, rogorc grigol robaqiZis, tician<br />

tabiZis, mixeil javaxiSvilis*... im kacs mweralTa sasaxle-<br />

Si mouklavs Tavi maSin. axla misi mzeTunaxavi qaliSvilis<br />

143

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gamoCena eleqtroniviT muxtavs quCas. am mzeTunaxavis da<br />

misnairebis eSxiTac aris, es kunTebdaberili biWebi codnis<br />

SeZenis, ganswavlis, maRal kulturasTan ziarebis survils<br />

rom iCenen TiTqos sruliad moulodneladac. amitom<br />

aqvs oqros fasi ubnis inteleqtualuri lideris _ zurab<br />

kakabaZis* yovel sityvas (`nicSes kiTxulobs, to!~), jazis<br />

Tavgadakluli trfialis Tengiz nozaZis (dRes _ dokumenturi<br />

kinos reJisori) uxv informacias, poliglot irakli<br />

naneiSvilis mier mowodebul cnobebs, geos (gansvenebuli<br />

teleJurnalisti, esTeti gogi Savdia) Seumcdar Sefasebebs<br />

literaturis da xelovnebis nebismier sferoSi.<br />

vgoneb, swored geos SeTxzuli unda iyos leqsi-parodia,<br />

yvelas pirze rom akeria:<br />

okeanis gadaRmelo,<br />

sazizRaro sem!<br />

muSebs ratom aviwroveb,<br />

zangebs ratom scem?!<br />

am parodiiT gamoixateba is erTgvari snobizmi,<br />

romelsac biWebi daufaravad avlenen maCablis quCaze ukve<br />

sakmaod momravlebuli grafomanebis mimarT. erTi maTganis<br />

ambavs meased da meaTased hyvebian:<br />

_ ianvaria, biWo, yinva xeTqavs yvelafers. gamosula parusinis<br />

tuflebiT, TeTri SarvliT da leqsi waukiTxavs _<br />

`qecian CerCils~*. goglam* uyura, uyura da uTxra, Turme:<br />

eg kide sakiTxavia, Tqven orSi qeciani romeliao...<br />

_ mere goglas araferi uqnes? _ ukvirs viRacas. sworicaa,<br />

rom ukvirs. msgavsi uwyinari xumrobisTvis erTi da<br />

ori ar gaustumrebiaT, sadac jer ars. ki, gogla goglaa<br />

mainc, `beladis~ avtori, magram antiimperialisturi<br />

politikuri aqciis CaSlac epatieba?..<br />

aRmarTs amoyolilni Sin misvlamde zogjer nunusTan<br />

(gulikosTan, cicinosTan, mananasTan...) SeivliT. es imas<br />

niSnavs, rom _ `me Tqveni bina, SemovaReb Tu ara karebs,<br />

damxvdeba, TiTqos vamarcxebdi sadRaca devebs~. es imas<br />

niSnavs, rom ramdensame saaTs gaatarebT warmoudgenel<br />

simyudroveSi, sadac ojaxis mama (Tuki daWerili araa)<br />

mogesalmebaT da mere Tavs aRar SegawyenT Tavisi sazogadoebiT,<br />

sxva oTaxSi gava (Tuki arsebobs is sxva oTaxi),<br />

144

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droebiT mainc abstraqciad iqceva. sadac ojaxis diasaxlisi<br />

siTbod daiRvreba, zed SemogevlebaT da, misi qaliSvilis<br />

buzRunis miuxedavad, sufrasac gagiwyobT _ Cais<br />

mogarTmevT (Saqrian Cais, uSaqros ki ara!), purs mogarTmevT<br />

(wignakebze nayid talaxis naWers ki ara, Sengan ukve<br />

gadaviwyebul, bunebaSi ararsebul namdvil TeTr purs!)<br />

da, warmoidgineT, karaqsac (aseve ararsebuls bunebaSi!).<br />

SesaZloa, iseTi saswaulic moxdes, Rvinoc gaCndes sufraze<br />

da zed dasayoleblad _ Semwvari badrijani an kartofili<br />

(ojaxis saxvaliod gankuTvnili sadili!).<br />

`da ar mSordeba RvTismSoblis cqera, savse qarTuli patiosnebiT~...<br />

oRond amaze ufro tkbili sxva ram aris mainc _ biWuri<br />

sufra, biWuri qeifi, romelsac ukve gauge gemo da Sens sicocxleSi<br />

veRar Seelevi. Rvino, Savi puri, kitris mwnili<br />

da Zmobis fici daciskrebamde...<br />

gamoxdeba xani da im sololakur biWur sufrebs umcrosnic<br />

SemouerTdebian _ jansuR da jimi Carkvianebi,<br />

eldar da giorgi Sengelaiebi, vaxuSti kotetiSvili, ufro<br />

mogvianebiT _ guram gegeSiZis da guram sxirtlaZis kampania,<br />

biZina da elizbar javeliZeebi...<br />

***<br />

oRond amasobaSi daiSleba kidec sololakis saZmo.<br />

aRarc rezo TabukaSvili darCeba ubanSi, aRarc luka xundaZe,<br />

aRarc gia fircxalava, karlo menaRaraSvili, berdia<br />

buaCiZe, nodar kakabaZe, Tengiz vaCnaZe, aRarc, aRarc...<br />

axal ubnebSi gadasaxldebian, ufro vrcel, ufro daxSul<br />

binebSi, iolad daTmoben im uTqmel intimsa da netarebas,<br />

im maradsaxsovar dReebs, rodesac Sen, Cvimeti wlis Wabuki,<br />

miuyvebodi sololakis romelsame wynarze wynar quCas,<br />

sadac dRe-RameSi oriode manqana Tu Caivlida sul, iyavi<br />

`meocnebe gausworebeli~, iyavi siyvaruliT galiclicebuli,<br />

irgvliv akaciis yvavilebi ifineboda da romeliRac<br />

saxlis romeliRac Ria fanjridan netar satanjvelad mogdevda<br />

vinme nukrisTvaleba asulis mier dakruli `mTvaris<br />

sonata~, `apasionata~, mocarti* Tu Sopeni* (Seni mwiri<br />

musikaluri ganaTleba metis warmodgenis saSualebas aRar<br />

145

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gaZlevs), anda sulac savarjiSo gamebis xma. da SeCerdebodi<br />

im romeliRac saxlis romeliRac Ria fanjarasTan,<br />

wamiT dalandavdi im nukrisTvaleba qaliSvils da umalve<br />

gamoeridebodi. imitom, rom fanjara ki ar iyo Ria, magram<br />

sxvis binaSi SeWyeta didi uzrdelobaa da dedaSens rom<br />

daenaxe, Sav dRes dagayrida... (`Tbilisis~ informacia).<br />

amis wamkiTxvels Jurnalistur moRvaweobaze xelis<br />

aReba Tu ar mogindaT, marTlac umaRlesi kvalifikaciis<br />

Jurnalisti brZanebulxarT. ukidures SemTxvevaSi, darwmunebuli<br />

xarT, rom odesme aucileblad SeqmniT patarpatara<br />

saocrebebs, mis wamkiTxvelebs qalaqur cxovrebas,<br />

gardasul dReebs Tqveni TvaliT rom daanaxvebs, cremls<br />

moadens da sololakelobas (didubelobas, verelobas,<br />

mTawmindelobas, vakelobas, avlabrelobas...) moandomebs.<br />

mapatieT da, am simaRleze asvlaSi universitetebis<br />

auditoriebSi Jurnalisturi Teoriebis dazuTxva da<br />

`instrumentis~ (enis) srulyofilad daufleba TiTqmis<br />

ver dagexmarebaT. iqneb, verc Jurnalist-TeoretikosTa<br />

brZnulma rCevebma gargoT da verc gamoCenilTa gamocdilebam.<br />

es ar niSnavs, rom Tqven cudi Jurnalisti xarT.<br />

Jurnalistika xom Zalian, Zalian `mravaldargovani~ samo-<br />

Rvaweo sferoa! adeqiT da, sakuTari Zalebi sxva JanrSi<br />

mosinjeT _ Tu moindomebT, aucileblad gamogivaT.<br />

Tumca, sanam raimes gadawyvetT, Zalian gTxovT, kidev<br />

erTi reportaJi waikiTxeT, amjerad, soflidan, soflelebze,<br />

Cvens marCenal, brZen da `xariviT momTmen~ (SoTa niSnianiZis<br />

poeturi Sedarebaa!) glexkacze, siduxWireze da<br />

qarTveli kacis gautexlobaze (reportaJSi gamoyenebulia<br />

striqonebi daviT maRraZis leqsebidan).<br />

sanam jamSi Rvino aqafdebodes<br />

`vatim Tqva: wiTlad yviTldeba SuamTis tyeSi foToli...~<br />

kaxeTSi rTveli mTavrdeba _ wynarad, mokrZalebiT, uxmaurod.<br />

arsad Canan mwife mtevnebiT datvirTuli avtomobilebis<br />

qaravnebi; aRarc Zveleburi stumrianoba da delegaciebis<br />

ria-riaa.<br />

146

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kaxeTSi uCveulo siCumea _ naxiric ki fexakrefiT dadis.<br />

Cemi maspinZeli amerikuli vesternidan gadmosul kovbois<br />

hgavs _ maRali, xmeli, ZarRviani da sityvaZunwi. sakuTar<br />

Tavze da sakuTar saqmeze saubars gaurbis. meurneobas<br />

`perestroikis~ epoqidan moekida. nel-nela saxnavsaTesic<br />

gaiCina, venaxebic, baR-bostanic, naxiric da<br />

tborebSi Tevzic. misi marani da beReli savsea, magram mdidari<br />

mainc ar eTqmis _ raca aqvs mis ojaxs da mter-moyvares<br />

hyofnis. mokled, beds ar emduris. Tvalic uWris, gonebac<br />

da Ronec erCis. cota poeturi, cota romantikuli da<br />

Zlier saqmiania. miaCnia, rom sakuTari marjvenis da RvTis<br />

wyalobiT duxWir cxovrebas uTuod ajobebs.<br />

radgan sakuTari vinaobis gaqveyneba ar surs, davarqvaT<br />

mas vaxtangi, ubralod, vati.<br />

vatisTvis daupatiJebeli stumari var. Tbilisidan davureke,<br />

SenTan, yvarelSi Camosvla minda-meTqi da _ ki batono,<br />

CamobrZandio. manamde lagodexis, gurjaanis, Telavis<br />

raionebis odesRac ayvavebuli soflebi movinaxule.<br />

kidev erTxel sakuTari TvaliT vnaxe gadarecxili gzebi<br />

da daqceuli zvrebi, sabralod mxrebCamoyrili, ajaguli<br />

nayanevebi, navenaxarebi, nasaxlarebi da nasoflarebi.<br />

vnaxe usaqmod, uWirnaxulod darCenili, dardisgan<br />

gulgasenili Cveni siamaye, Cveni marCenali, brZeni da mom-<br />

Tmeni glexkaci.<br />

sanam iq Cavidodi, aq, TbilisSi, `eliavas bazrobaze~<br />

vnaxe sxvisi xelebis morcxvad Semyure, soflisa da ojaxis<br />

siduxWires gamoqceuli naglexarebi _ cremlgamSrali,<br />

arafris imedad darCenili nakacarebi, RamiT rom mSobeli<br />

mTebi da Walebi esizmrebaT, dRisiT ki ararsebulis lodinSi<br />

bilwi qalaquri anekdotebiT klaven dros.<br />

es ambavi vatisTvis ar miTqvams.<br />

arc is miTqvams, rom kaxeTSi Casvlamde ramdenime respeqtabelur<br />

banks vewvie. mindoda gamego, SevZlebdi Tu<br />

ara kreditis aRebas soflis meurneobaSi dasabandeblad.<br />

ai, im bankebSi gaxldiT, yoveldRe guluxvad da uangarod<br />

rom gvTavazoben daxmarebas.<br />

amaod davSvri da Tqvenc girCevT, dros uqmad nu dakargavT:<br />

Cveni msoflioSi saxelganTqmuli bankebi fuls sesxad<br />

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aZleven im pativcemul personebs, visac aqvT fuli, an iseTi<br />

qoneba, rac advilad gaiyideba (oqro-vercxli, brilianti,<br />

Zvirfasi manqana, fabrika, qarxana...). Tu glexi xar (an qalaqeli,<br />

sulerTia) da soflis bizness iwyeb, tyuilia, xels<br />

aravin gagimarTavs. saqme is aris, rom wleuls Tqvens mier<br />

gaSenebuli zvari Tu atmis baRi srul nayofs 4-5 wlis Semdeg<br />

moitans. am vadiT ki uprocento sesxs aravin gaimetebs<br />

(aba, banki xuT weliwads uSemosavlod xom ar darCeba?!).<br />

vatim uaresic miTxra _ sadazRvevo kompaniebi uars amboben<br />

mosavlis dazRvevaze: mere gvalvam rom Segvawuxos?<br />

an wyaldidobam? an kalia Semogvesios?.. ara, Zmao, dagiz-<br />

RvevT mxolod setyvaze.<br />

Tu setyva ar movida, magram yana gvalvam gadabuga, daz-<br />

Rvevas ver miiReb. aseTia soflis meurneobaze gametebuli<br />

sabanko da sadazRvevo daxmareba.<br />

mindorSi varT. yvarelTan axlos. Saragzis orive mxares<br />

zvrebi, simindis yanebi da mouvleli, mitovebuli nakveTebia.<br />

simindis yanas Salafa morevia.<br />

_ ver gavToxne, ver SevZeli, _ Tavs imarTlebs vati.<br />

ulamazes mini traqtors `muSebi~ mohyvebian da taroebs<br />

misabmelze isvrian. ase, ociode qali iqneba. arc kacebis<br />

xorxoci ismis da arc gogoebis tkarcali. qalebisgan Jruantelis<br />

momgvreli vnebis nacvlad usasooba da oflis<br />

mZafri suni iRvreba. maTTvis simindis texva aRarc gar-<br />

Tobaa da aRarc siamovneba _ es SimSilisgan Tavis daRwevis<br />

erTaderTi saSualebaa. namdvilad vici, aqve, `sadRac<br />

orRobis boloSi giglaanT biWi yurebCamoyrili zis~. es<br />

xalxi `dRiur-muSebia~, meti araferi.<br />

gafermkrTaldeba cxovreba<br />

naseqtembrali vardiviT<br />

kaxeTis odesRac Ronieri da mdidari Rvinis qarxnebidan<br />

(aqaurebi tradiciulad marnebs rom eZaxian) zogi<br />

gaCanagebulia, zogi gaCerebulia, TiTo-orola ZlivsRa<br />

bJutavs _ 1990 wlamde arsebuli zvrebidan xom mexuTedic<br />

aRar darCa. amis garda qarTuli Rvinis dasayeneblad qarTvel<br />

meRvines TiTqmis araviTari motivacia aRar darCa.<br />

148

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ZiriTad samomxmareblo bazarze, ruseTSi Cveni produqciis<br />

gatana warmoudgenlad Znelia, qarTul bazars ki namdvili<br />

qarTuli Rvino aRar sWirdeba. araferi SemSlia _<br />

qarTul bazars namdvili qarTuli Rvino ar sWirdeba. qarTuli<br />

bazari mTlianad daipyres falsifikatorebma. kai<br />

msmeli biWebis Tavmoyvareobis Selaxvaze arc mifiqria,<br />

magram Tqven rom Tbilisur Rvinis Camomsxmel `firmeb-<br />

Si~ (inglisuri abrebi rom amSvenebs) `Rvinos~ yidulobT,<br />

Tavadac rom miirTmevT da Zvirfas stumrebsac aZalebT,<br />

sinamdvileSi, Rvino ki ara, Sxamia _ didi muxis `boCka~,<br />

cota tanini, cota mJava, falsificirebuli spirti, bevri<br />

wyali da `Rvinoc~ mzadaa! aseTi `cexebi~, sxvaTa Soris,<br />

bevr Tbilisur Tavmomwone restoransac sakuTari aqvs.<br />

falsificirebulia TqvenTvis Tvalis asaxvevad specialurad<br />

gaZvirebuli da lamazad SefuTuli e. w. qarTuli<br />

`samarko Rvinoebis~ sul mcire, 99 procenti _ wiTelic<br />

da TeTric, mSralic, `SuSuxnac~ da naxevrad tkbilic.<br />

falsificirebulia bazarSi gasayidad gamotanili iafi<br />

Camosasxmeli Rvinoebis absoluturi umravlesoba.<br />

is Rvinoebi iseve aTrobs (ufro metadac!), rogorc namdvili.<br />

oRond falsifikators misi damzadeba ganuzomlad<br />

ufro iafi ujdeba. iafadac hyidis. Cvenc vyidulobT. viciT,<br />

sawamlavi rom aris, magram mainc vyidulobT _ Cven xom<br />

yvelas erTnairad gviWirs.<br />

saxelmwifo glexs verc exmareba da, daxmarebis gansakuTrebul<br />

survilsac ar amJRavnebs: glexis moweul Wirnaxuls<br />

(xils, yurZens, xorbals, xorcs, rZes, matyls) ver<br />

yidulobs; adgilobrivi warmoebis produqciaze proteqcionistuli<br />

politikis gatarebas ver axerxebs _ amas<br />

msoflio savaWro organizacia ewinaaRmdegebao (sxvaTa Soris,<br />

am organizaciaSi jerac ar Sesulan ruseTi, ukraina,<br />

yazaxeTi da bevri sxva qveyana). saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT<br />

Cveni produqciis gatana did-did politikosTa Seu-<br />

Tanxmeblobis gamo, praqtikulad, SeuZlebelia; adgilobrivi<br />

bazari falsifikatorTa da TaRliT importiorTa<br />

xelSia; marnebi nedleuls, anu yurZens, glexisgan verc<br />

yiduloben da arc yiduloben. calke saTqmelia `axali<br />

qarTvelebis~ erT-erTi kasta _ `axali meRvineebi~, rom-<br />

149

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lebic sakuTari Tanamedrove kompaqturi Rvinis qarxnebis<br />

yurZniT uzrunvelsayofad zvrebsac yiduloben da, bunebrivia,<br />

glexisgan, didi-didi sapurmarilod gudis yveli,<br />

dedas puri da nivris mwnili moiTxovon. sabolood, yvela<br />

erTad gigantur saarye qvabSi vixarSebiT da dRiTidRe<br />

vRatakdebiT.<br />

glexi sakuTar Tavsac veRar irCens. aTeuli, aseuli<br />

wlobiT rudunebiT naSenebs Calis fasad hyidis, sulac,<br />

upatronod agdebs da mSobliuri adgilebidan garbis. ukan<br />

TiTqmis aRaravin brundeba.<br />

nodarasac, Sildel biWsac, vatisac, mec gvjera, rom<br />

odesme morcxvad SevabijebT evropul ojaxSi, magram albaT<br />

_ uqarTvelglexod. ki ar davixocebiT an gadavixvewebiT,<br />

ubralod, glexebi aRar viqnebiT. glexi rom aRar<br />

iqneba, is saficari da saTayvano saqarTveloc aRar iqneba.<br />

samagierod, vicxovrebT nanatr `derefanSi~ da gveyoleba<br />

usamSoblo, ufunqcio, inglisur enaze molaparake gana-<br />

Tlebul politikosTa dasi.<br />

anu moxdeba is, risic ase eSinodaT Tergdaleulebs.<br />

erTi maTgani, didi ilia yvarlis mTis kalTidan sevdianad<br />

gascqeris `saxiCar mamuls...~<br />

yvarlis centralur moedanze, uZeglo kvarcxlbekTan<br />

SevCerdiT. vatis `kolxozniks~ viRac moadga _ adgilobrivi<br />

inteligenciis warmomadgeneli unda iyos.<br />

_ stumari myav Tbilisidan. wamo, puri gavtexoT, _<br />

dapatiJa vatim.<br />

_ ara, erT kacs velodebi. SabaTs Cveni deputati iyo<br />

Camosuli. im kacma miTxra, me maq misi telefoni da daurekavo.<br />

Cem saqmeze unda daurekos.<br />

vatis aRaraferi ukiTxavs. `inteligentic~ erTxans<br />

gaCumda. mere, TiTqos raRac danaSaulze waaswreso, ise<br />

gaagrZela _ saoperacio myav dai. saavadmyofoSi miwev.<br />

Cem meti patroni aravina hyav, xo ici. aba, me kide magdeni<br />

saSualeba vin momca. xooda, zauram miTxra, me davurekav<br />

nana patarkaciSvilsa, Cem telefons icnobso. Sen saqmeze<br />

daurekav, mobiluraTao, uars ar metyviso. exla unda movides<br />

zaura da velodebi...<br />

_ kargi, wavediT.<br />

150

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vatim manqana daqoqa. durujis kalapots avuyeviT. napiri<br />

odesRac xelovnurad gaumagrebiaT. patarZaliviT<br />

kekluci da Wirveuli duruji mdinare ki ara, Relea. visac<br />

misi Tavze xelis aReba da amquxareba ar unaxavs, verasodes<br />

warmoidgens, rom es mravaltoniani lodebi am simaRleze<br />

misi amogdebulia.<br />

gavCerdiT. marcxniv durujis Savi da araCveulebrivad<br />

ganieri kalapotia, marjvniv _ baR-venaxebi da koxtad<br />

Carigebuli saxlebi.<br />

_ veragi mdinarea. arasodes aravin ar icis, sad gaar-<br />

Rvevs kalapots. bevrjer gaukeTebia ase. amitom mefis<br />

ruseTis drosac da komunistebis drosac mis napirebs<br />

yovelTvis amagrebdnen. am betonis filebis simaRle rva<br />

metria. axla miwis zemoT metri-metrnaxevaria darCenili.<br />

TxuTmeti weliwadia kalapoti ar gawmendila da miisila.<br />

Zalian saSiSia. aq yvelaze susti adgilia. adidebulma durujma<br />

jebirebi Tu gaarRvia, mTels yvarels walekavs....<br />

...axla is droa, roca SuamTis tyeebSi foTlebs nelnela<br />

wiTlad epareba siyviTle.<br />

kaxur maranSi wleulsac ueWvelad daRvindeba maWari,<br />

beRelSi puri dabinavdeba, sakvamuridan kvamli amova, gomurs<br />

Zroxa miabRavlebs, navenaxarSi vazi isev ayvavdeba,<br />

puri gamocxveba, jamSi Rvino aqafdeba, walmis nakver-<br />

Cxalze mwvadi aSiSxindeba, loyawiTela gogos vnebiani<br />

tkarcali sofels aaforiaqebs, giglaanT biWis namglis<br />

mxiaruli wkriali cas miswvdeba da mravalJamieric dagugundeba<br />

(`kviris~ informacia).<br />

imedia, dainaxeT, rom samive nimuSs bevri aqvs saerTo da<br />

erTmaneTisgan principulad gansxvavdebian kidec. samive<br />

avtori iolad axerxebs mkiTxvelis ayoliebas, mis cnobierebaze<br />

sakmaod Zlieri (dadebiTi!) zegavlenis moxdenas.<br />

reportaJis gmirebis an movlenebis dasaxasiaTeblad<br />

arcerTi maTgani ar iyenebs epiTetebs. weren sadad da lakonurad.<br />

es ar aris advili saqme, magram, rogorc xedavT,<br />

savsebiT SesaZlebelia.<br />

kidev erTxel gavimeoreb, saWiroa mondomeba, bevri<br />

Sroma da moTmineba.<br />

reportaJze SeiZleba usasrulod visaubroT da raRac<br />

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sayovelTao konsesusamde mainc ver mivideT. es asecaa _<br />

Jurnalistikis TeoriaSi am Janrs mravali gamokvleva eZ-<br />

Rvneba. amitom nu gagikvirdebaT, Tu wignis am Tavis gacnobis<br />

Semdeg Tqvens TavebSi pasuxgaucemeli kiTxvebis raodenoba<br />

Semcirebis nacvlad, SesamCnevad gaizardos.<br />

reportaJul Janrebze Cveni saubari ki, albaT, metnaklebad<br />

dasrulebul saxes ver miiRebs, Tu oriode sityvas<br />

imazec ar vityviT, rogori ar unda iyos... reportaJi.<br />

gulwrfelad rom giTxraT, ubralod, cudi ki ara, Zalian<br />

cudi, yovlad ugvani reportaJuli Janris masalebi<br />

wamikiTxavs arabul, rusul da TviT germanul (dasavleTgermanul!)<br />

presaSic ki. darwmunebuli var, am mxriv, idealuri<br />

viTareba Tanamedrove msoflios arcerT qveyanaSi<br />

ar iqneba. Tundac, im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom niWierebis<br />

da maRali profesionalizmis gverdiT uTuod fuTfuTebs<br />

uniWoba da araprofesionalizmi. uniWoba ki, mogexsenebaT,<br />

Zalian Tavxedi, Zalian gamZle da Zalian mebrZolia. Tan,<br />

umravles SemTxvevaSi, kargadac iniRbeba. amitom, saeWvo<br />

Rirebulebis Jurnalisturi produqcia (sxvaTa Soris,<br />

niWieri adamianebis iZulebiTi xelSewyobiTac _ netav,<br />

erTi, Tavi damanebos!) sakmaod iolad xvdeba sagazeTo bazarze<br />

da anagvianebs satelevizio eTers.<br />

21-e saukunis dasawyisis saqarTveloSi, zogadad, Jurnalistikis<br />

grandiozul ukansvlas bevri Zalian seriozuli<br />

mizezi hqonda (qveynis ekonomikuri, socialuri,<br />

samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba; srulfasovani Jurnalisturi<br />

skolis ararseboba; profesiul JurnalistikaSi<br />

diletantebis da uvicebis moZaleba. mediasivrcis zedmeti<br />

politizacia; Tavisufali presisadmi xelisuflebis<br />

gulgrili, zogjer aSkarad mtruli damokidebuleba; komunisturi<br />

TviTcenzuris inercia, sityvis Tavisuflebisa<br />

da aRviraxsnilobis ganurCevloba da mravali sxva). am<br />

mizezebze nawilobriv visaubreT da momavalSic ufro<br />

dawvrilebiT visaubrebT.<br />

axla imis dapirebuli nimuSi, rogor ar SeiZleba... mxolod<br />

reportaJis momzadeba ki ara, ase wera, saerTod, ar<br />

SeiZleba, gamoqveyneba _ miT ufro!<br />

am reportaJis saTauri da qvesaTauri aseTia:<br />

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oca mxardaWeras grZnob...<br />

komkavSiri zrunavs axalgazrdobis<br />

socialuri pirobebis gaumjobesebaze<br />

_ roca mxardaWeras grZnob, maSin saqmec ioldeba da<br />

muSaobac ufro xalisiani xdeba, _ gviTxra akaki nadira-<br />

Zem, romelic rusTavis metalurgiuli qarxnis komkav-<br />

Siris komitetis mdivnis moadgilis, uCa carciZis oTaxSi<br />

damxvda. daxmarebis saTxovnelad iyo misuli.<br />

akaki nadiraZe TeTriwyaros raionis daba manglisis<br />

mkvidria, 1988 wlis Semodgomidan metalurgiuli qarxnis<br />

milsaamdido saamqroSi muSaobs zeinklad. akaki komkavSiris<br />

komitetSi mZime sayofacxovrebo pirobebma miiyvana.<br />

rusTavSi Camosuli axalgazrda meuRliTa da ori<br />

mcirewlovani bavSviT TavSesafris gareSe aRmoCnda. Semdeg<br />

meuRlec saavadmyofoSi moxvda da aman safiqral-sazrunavi<br />

moumata.<br />

_ komkavSiris komitetma gaiTvaliswina akaki nadira-<br />

Zis mZime socialuri pirobebi _ miTxra uCa carciZem _<br />

agreTve misi keTilsindisieri damokidebuleba dakisrebuli<br />

saqmisadmi, komkavSirul saqmianobaSi gamoCenili aqtiuroba<br />

(akaki saamqros komkavSiris biuros wevria, sportul<br />

seqtors udgas saTaveSi) da gadawyvita gamonaklisi<br />

saxiT daxmareboda mas: saojaxo saerTo sacxovrebelSi 19<br />

kvadratuli metri farTobis oTaxi gamouyo.<br />

_ madlobis meti ra meTqmis, _ miTxra akakim, simarTle<br />

giTxraT, arc aqamde vzarmacobdi, magram dReidan ufro<br />

gulianad viSromeb, Cemi keTilsindisieri muSaoba ki iqneba<br />

pasuxi im TanagrZnobisa da gulisxmierebisa, romelic<br />

qarxnis komkavSiris komitetma gamoiCina Cems mimarT.<br />

_ qarxanaSi muSaoba 1979 wels, 18 wlisam daviwye, _<br />

miTxra martenis saamqros mefoladem, komkavSirul-axalgazrduli<br />

brigadis brigadirma anatoli bagaurma, _ Svidi<br />

weli mefoladis xelSemwyobad vmuSaobdi. myavs meuRle<br />

da ori mcirewlovani bavSvi. saerTo rigis mixedviT binas<br />

mxolod sami-oTxi wlis mere velodebi. gaWirvebam daxmarebis<br />

saTxovnelad mec komkavSiris komitetSi mimiyvana,<br />

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sadac gulisyuriT momismines da daxmarebis xelic gamomiwodes...<br />

qarxnis komkavSiris komitetis mdivanma zaza fetelavam<br />

anatoli bagauric dadebiTad damixasiaTa (mowinave muSaa,<br />

keTilsindisierad ekideba masze dakisrebul saqmes, risTvisac<br />

mas wilad xvda pativi monawileoba mieRo zaporo-<br />

JieSi strategiuli daniSnulebis raketebidan mSvidobiani<br />

foladis gamodnobis saqmeSi).<br />

anatoli bagauri saerTo saqarxno rigis SenarCunebiT,<br />

droebiT saojaxo saerTo sacxovreblis tipis biniT daakmayofiles.<br />

komkavSiri rom axalgazrdebis socialuri pirobebis<br />

gaumjobesebisaTvis zrunavs misasalmebelia, magram akakisa<br />

da anatolisnairi gaWirvebuli kidev ramdenia qarxanaSi<br />

da ra realuri daxmarebis gaweva SeuZlia maTTvis komkav-<br />

Sirs?<br />

am kiTxvaze pasuxi uCa carciZem gamca... (`axalgazrda<br />

komunistis~ informacia).<br />

am teqstis wakiTxva, albaT, Zalian gagiWirdaT an bolomde<br />

verc waikiTxeT. reportaJis saTauridanve siyalbis<br />

da farisvelobis suni gecaT _ araviTari gulwrfeloba,<br />

araviTari TanagrZnoba, Tundac, im pirebisadmi, visac,<br />

Turme, komkavSiri exmareba. teqsti yalbi paTetikis da sicruis<br />

nimuSicaa _ bunebaSi ase aravin ar laparakobda da<br />

ar laparakobs: `...madlobis meti ra meTqmis... simarTle<br />

giTxraT, arc aqamde vzarmacobdi, magram dReidan ufro<br />

gulianad viSromeb, Cemi keTilsindisieri muSaoba ki<br />

iqneba pasuxi im TanagrZnobisa da gulisxmierebisa, romelic<br />

qarxnis komkavSiris komitetma gamoiCina Cems<br />

mimarT...~<br />

yuradReba miaqcieT kidev erTi garemoebas _ es reportaJi<br />

(`roca mxardaWeras grZnob...~) `axalgazrda komunistSi~<br />

gamoqveynebulia 1989 wlis rva aprils, `TbilisSi~<br />

rezi TvaraZis reportaJis (`ubani~) gamoqveynebidan oTxi<br />

dRis Semdeg da 1989 wlis cxra aprilis sisxlian tragediamde<br />

ramdenime saaTiT adre! amiT is minda vTqva, rom epoqa<br />

yovelTvis ar aris damnaSave. niWieri kaci komunistur<br />

epoqaSic niWieria da uniWo mixeil saakaSvilis msofli-<br />

154

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oSi `yvelaze ganaTlebuli da yvelaze demokratiuli~<br />

reJimis pirobebSic uniWoa.<br />

21-e saukunis dasawyisis qarTuli presidan da televiziidan<br />

sakvirvelad uvargisi reportaJebis usasrulod<br />

bevri magaliTis moxmoba SeiZleba. saqarTvelos istoriaSi<br />

drois es monakveTi, albaT, `presis totaluri gayvi-<br />

Tlebis~ epoqad moinaTleba.<br />

sabednierod, gvaqvs brwyinvale da gulwrfeli Jurnalistikis<br />

magaliTebic, rasac Tqven sul axlaxans gaecaniT<br />

kidec. Cemi mokrZalebuli rCevaa, nu gaaiolebT saqmes _<br />

`patara~ Sedevrebic mxolod didi tanjviT ibadeba.<br />

ifiqreT, sanam ikiTxavdeT!<br />

kidev erTi `wvrilmani~: rogori SekiTxvebi ar unda<br />

dasvas sakuTari Tavis pativismcemelma Jurnalistma. mar-<br />

Talia, amis Taobaze yvelam yvelaferi icis, magram, modi,<br />

kidev erTxel yvelaferi erTad gavixsenoT.<br />

maS ase, Tqven, Tundac saxelmoxveWilma Jurnalistma,<br />

sanam vinmes raimes SeekiTxebodeT, aucileblad unda gaiTvaliswinoT,<br />

rom:<br />

1. Tqveni SekiTxva ar gulisxmobdes mxolod erTgvarovan<br />

pasuxs (`ho~ an `ara~!);<br />

2. ar gamoiyenoT mtkicebiTi winadadeba kiTxviTis<br />

nacvlad;<br />

3. ar gaaerTianoT ori SekiTxva erT winadadebaSi;<br />

4. zedmeti sityvebiT ar gadatvirToT Tqveni SekiTxva;<br />

5. ar dasvaT `CamWreli~ SekiTxvebi;<br />

6. SekiTxvaSi ar gamoiyenoT araviTari komentarebi<br />

da Sefasebebi;<br />

7. ar gaimeoroT sakuTari an sxvisi saeWvo varaudebi;<br />

8. SekiTxvis adresats ar miakeroT raime iarliyi;<br />

9. ar gabuqoT Tqveni SekiTxvis mniSvneloba;<br />

10. ar dasvaT Zalian rTuli SekiTxva (igulisxmeba<br />

kiTxviTi winadadebis konstruqcia).<br />

ase fiqroben kanadeli jon savatski da Svedi erik fix-<br />

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teliusi. ase vfiqrob mec, oRond, gulaxdilad rom vTqva,<br />

am gamoCenili Jurnalistebis Segonebebs xSirad ver vasruleb-xolme.<br />

kargi iqneba, Cvens azrs Tqvenc Tu gaiziarebT.<br />

Tumca, nu iCqarebT da intervius asaRebad axlave<br />

nu gaiqceviT _ kidev erTxel gaixseneT es Zalian ubralo<br />

da Zalian mniSvnelovani Segonebebi. Torem, sulac ar aris<br />

gamoricxuli Tqvenc gaimeoroT erTi popularuli qarTveli<br />

telewamyvanis Secdoma: `_ batono prezidento<br />

(eduard SevardnaZes mimarTavda, T. q.), am diliT erTi wigni<br />

Camivarda xelT, sadac, Turme, naTqvamia, rom Tqven masoni<br />

brZanebulxarT. batono eduard, Tqven masoni xarT?<br />

_ es wigni ar wamikiTxavs da Cemi masonobis Taobaze verafers<br />

mogaxsenebT.<br />

iumoris unikaluri niWiT dajildoebulma SevardnaZem<br />

aSkarad daindo gabriyvebuli Jurnalisti, romelsac es<br />

aTi Segoneba albaT, arasodes gaegona.<br />

156

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Tavi VII<br />

Jurnalisturi publicistika<br />

odesRac uTqvamT frTiani sityva, romelic Taobidan<br />

Taobas gadaecema da, vaglax, kacobriobas aRarasodes<br />

daaviwydeba _ gazeTi erT dRes cocxlobs.<br />

samwuxarod, asea. guSindeli gazeTi istoriis kuTvnilebaa.<br />

magram, vidre Jurnalistobaze guls aicruebdeT,<br />

modi, davfiqrdeT, ra kvals tovebs adamianis cnobierebaSi<br />

gazeTi Tavisi erTdRiani arsebobiT.<br />

maxsovs, am problemaze jer kidev samocian wlebSi, sa-<br />

Sualo skolaSi swavlisas vkamaTobdiT. maSin iqneb cota<br />

gulubryvilo, magram, SeiZleba iTqvas, genialuri gamosavali<br />

ipova Cemma Tanaklaselma da megobarma roland<br />

Wkuaselma: ki, batono, gazeTi erT dRes cocxlobs, magram<br />

aq gamoqveynebul romelime statias xom SeiZleba didi xnis<br />

sicocxle, sulac maradiuloba dahyveso. bolosdabolos,<br />

ernest hemingueis*, jek londonis da ilia WavWavaZis<br />

publicisturi nawarmoebebi xom Tavis droze gazeTebSi<br />

qveyndebodao!<br />

sruli simarTlea. am daskvnamde miva yvela, vinc odnav<br />

mainc Caufiqrdeba gazeTis sicocxlis xangrZlivobis<br />

problemas. gazeTi erT dRes cocxlobs, magram swored am<br />

nomerSi SeiZleba gamoqveyndes statia, romelsac sazogadoebriv<br />

cnobierebaze Rrma da xangrZlivi zegavlenis<br />

moxdena, metic, adamianis cnobierebaSi `revoluciis~ mowyobac<br />

ki SeuZlia.<br />

publicistika aris Jurnalistikis SemoqmedebiTi,<br />

mxatvruli Janri. swored aq SeiZleba mTlianad gamovlindes<br />

Jurnalistis, rogorc Semoqmedis, niWi da SesaZleblobebi.<br />

amave dros, es aris yvelaze prestiJuli Janri.<br />

amitomaa, rom yvela Tavmoyvare Jurnalisti bolosdabolos<br />

publicistikaSi cdilobs sakuTari Zalebis mosinjvas.<br />

es mcdeloba zogjer warmatebiT mTavrdeba, ufro<br />

xSirad _ katastrofiT. aseTia cxovrebis kanoni _ zogs<br />

ufali niWs xvavrielad daabertyavs, zogisTvis Zunwobs.<br />

Tu publicistikaSi ar gagimarTlaT, nu idardebT da guls<br />

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nu gaitexT _ Tqven xom SesaniSnavi reportiori xarT_<br />

Seucvleli figura redaqciaSi! JurnalistikaSi es Zalian<br />

didi miRwevaa.<br />

cudi is aris, rom zogjer Jurnalisti yovlad uRim-<br />

Ramod, uemociod wers da jiutad ar sjera, rom mis naSromebs<br />

aravin kiTxulobs. Jurnalisturi publicistikis<br />

daniSnulebaa sazogadoebrivi azris CamoyalibebisTvis<br />

xelSewyoba auditoriis emociur ganwyobaze zemoqmedebiT.<br />

damwyebi Jurnalistebi, rogorc wesi, darwmunebuli<br />

arian, rom publicisturi naSromi aucileblad uxvsityviani,<br />

gatylarWul-gadapranWuli maneriT dawerili unda<br />

iyos. xolo misi avtori _ vinme TeTrwvera brZenTabrZeni.<br />

ra Tqma unda, sinamdvile gacilebiT ubraloa: publicistur<br />

Janrs SeiZleba miekuTvnebodes nebismieri formis<br />

Jurnalisturi naSromi _ Canaxatic, narkvevic, statiac,<br />

interviuc, polemikac, monologic, reportaJic, feletonic...<br />

60-iani wlebis arabTa gaerTianebuli respublikis samxedro<br />

wesdeba am sityvebiT iwyeboda: `brZolis warmatebiT<br />

warmarTvisTvis aucilebelia mowinaaRmdegis arseboba!...~<br />

aseve, publicisturi Janris nawarmoebisTvis aucilebelia<br />

cxadi miznis arseboba: me, avtorma vici, rac<br />

minda. danarCeni ukve `teqnikis~ saqmea _ Tu auditoriaze<br />

emociur zemoqmedebas SevZleb, Cemi mizani miRweulia.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, didi mniSvneloba ara aqvs auditoriis<br />

sapasuxo reaqcias. igi SeiZleba dadebiTic iyos da<br />

uaryofiTic. Tu Tqvens publicistur nawarmoebs asidan<br />

Tundac sami adamiani dadebiTad Seafasebs, es niSnavs, rom<br />

raRac mniSvnelovani SegiqmniaT. xolo Tu aTi moazrovne<br />

adamianis maRali Sefaseba daimsaxureT, TiTqmis geniosi<br />

yofilxarT! Tu Tqveni publicistikis gamo arc vinme gaZagebT<br />

da arc vinme gaqebT, rogorme unda ajoboT Tavs da<br />

sakuTari Jurnalisturi SesaZleblobebi kidev erTxel<br />

kritikulad SeafasoT.<br />

rogorc mogaxseneT, publicisturi Janris naSromisTvis<br />

nebismieri formis micemaa SesaZlebeli.<br />

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Canaxati<br />

1996-1997 wlebSi Jurnalisti irakli beriaSvili uSve bda<br />

Zalian simpaTiur gazeTs `tfilisis uwyebani~. es iyo XIX saukunis<br />

30-ian wlebSi solomon dodaSviliseuli* pir v eli qarTuli<br />

gazeTis aRdgenis mcdeloba. Zlier samw u xa roa, rom<br />

masac didi winapris bedi ewia _ gamomcemelTa us axsrobis<br />

gamo daixura. ufro samwuxaro is aris, rom ma Si ndel saqarTveloSi<br />

ar gamoCnda Wkviani biznesmeni, ro m elic am niWierad<br />

gakeTebuli gazeTis gamocemas daafinansebda.<br />

sxvebTan erTad, `tfilisis uwyebanis~ redaqciasTan<br />

TanamSromlobda uniWieresi qarTveli mwerali da publicisti<br />

nugzar SataiZe. swored mas vTxoveT daewera statia<br />

sagzao policiaze:<br />

`...metros sadguris win sami avtoinspeqtori dgas. axla<br />

imaT sagzao policielebi hqviaT, magram sinamdvileSi<br />

isev is Cveulebrivi avtoinspeqtorebi arian. acviaT tyavis<br />

qurTukebi, axuravT Tbili qudebic, magram mainc scivaT<br />

_ jibeebSi xelebCawyobilebi eZuZgebian erTmaneTs.<br />

imaTgan erTi _ ufro dabali Cinisa, mgoni efreitori _<br />

ormoci wlisa mainc iqneba. saxeze etyoba, Zveli, gamojegili<br />

avtoinspeqtoria. aqvs farTo yvrimalebi, Rrmad<br />

Camsxdari, mowkuruli Tvalebi, mkacrad mokumuli Txeli<br />

tuCebi da qoruli gamoxedva. danarCeni ori Zalian axalgazrdebi,<br />

magram CiniT ki amaze ufrosebi _ leitenantebi<br />

arian.<br />

am sameulSi qeCi efreitoria, is aris axalbeda leitenantebis<br />

gzismkvlevi da maswavlebeli, maTi mama da marCenali.<br />

Tovs. inspeqtorebs Tovli adevT qudebze, qurTukis<br />

sayeloebze, Tovli efinebaT samxreebzec da nel-nela<br />

Slis maT Soris Cinobriv gansxvavebas. isini ki jiutad<br />

dganan, erTi SexedviT uazrod aceceben Tvalebs, magram<br />

mxolod erTi SexedviT, radgan Camoivlis sul male TeTri<br />

`niva~ da efreitoric, im wamsve, majaze Camokonwialebul<br />

kverTxs SemarTavs, manqanis mZRols aniSnebs _ gaaCereo!<br />

manqana svlas Seanelebs, moSorebiT gaCerdeba, ma-<br />

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gram inspeqtorebi imisken arc ixedebian _ wesia, TviTon<br />

Soferi unda eaxloT. Sofers ki, rogorc Cans, ezareba im<br />

yiameTSi Tbili manqanidan gadmosvla.<br />

nel-nela ileva moTminebis Zafi.<br />

_ midi, ra, Sen midi, _ eubneba efreitors erT-erTi<br />

leitenanti, _ iqneba dagvalevino rame...<br />

_ xo dagalevineT!<br />

_ ho, magram, kidev gvinda.<br />

_ va, kide gindaT ra, flavia?!<br />

Soferi lodiniT gabezrdeba, uecrad, manqanas dasZravs<br />

da Tvals miefareba.<br />

_ wavida. _ ambobs meore leitenanti.<br />

_ wavides. sxva ar Camoivlis? _ eRimeba efreitors.<br />

eRimeba mSvidad, sakuTari upiratesobis SegrZnebiT da<br />

am dros igi Zalian hgavs xvad mgels, romelic Tavis or,<br />

ukve kargad moCrixul lekvs nadirobas aswavlis~ (`tfilisis<br />

uwyebanis~informacia).<br />

es aris publicisturi Canaxatis klasikuri nimuSi.<br />

Tanac, TanagrZnobis gamomxatveli im uwyebisadmi, vis winaaRmdegac<br />

aris mimarTuli _ sagzao policia.<br />

sagazeTod gamiznul CanaxatSi, bunebrivia, ar aris<br />

brZnuli daskvnebis, mravalmniSvnelovani miniSnebebis,<br />

Segonebebis adgili. verc romelime uwyebis, firmis an<br />

movlenis avkargianobaze msjelobiT davkargavT drosa da<br />

sagazeTo farTs. is mtkivneuli problema, ris gamoc werT,<br />

Tqvens narkvevSi Zalian naTlad unda warmoCndes. magali-<br />

Tad, aseTi _ sagzao policia aris kacobriobis yvelaze<br />

garyvnili nawili, Tumca misi arseboba yovlad aucilebelia.<br />

Tavad policielebi ki iseTive adamianebi arian, rogoric<br />

nebismieri Cvengani.<br />

nugzar SataiZe is iSviaTi gamonaklisia, roca mwerali<br />

brwyinvaled arTmevs Tavs Jurnalistur davalebas.<br />

Tu Tavidanve SataiZisnairad ar gamogivaT, guls nu<br />

gaitexT _ axla rom waikiTxeT, es narkvevi mweralma 46<br />

wlis asakSi dawera. odesme Tqvenc SeZlebT. Tu ver Se-<br />

ZlebT, amazec nu idardebT, Tqven xom cnobili mwerali<br />

ara xarT!<br />

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narkvevi<br />

Cvens redaqciaSi rom movida, giorgi pataSuri axalgazrda,<br />

JurnalistikaSi savsebiT gamoucdeli biWi iyo. Tumca,<br />

asakis miuxedavad, cxovrebis mkacri, metic _ sastiki skola<br />

hqonda gavlili. es iyo talanti, romelic sul male JurnalistikaSi<br />

kaSkaSa varskvlavad iqceoda. Jurnalisturi<br />

Teoriisa bevri araferi gaegeboda, magram misi Zlieri goneba<br />

yvelafers RrubeliviT isrutavda, ori erTnairi Secdoma<br />

arasodes mosdioda. samwuxarod, Cveni gazeTis daxurvisTanave<br />

Jurnalistikidan wavida, albaT, samudamod _<br />

igi xom ojaxis erTaderTi marCenali iyo. Jurnalisturi<br />

honorariT ki amas, ubralod, ver moaxerxebda.<br />

ase dakarga meoce saukunis miwurulis qarTulma Jurnalistikam<br />

erTi talanti. Tumca, darCa misi ramdenime namuSevari,<br />

romlebic sanimuSod gamoadgeba Jurnalisturi<br />

publicistikiT dainteresebul adamianebs:<br />

`orni dadian sinaTlis fulis asakrefad. erTi inkasatori<br />

RaJRaJaa, sqelkisera, meore _ dabali tanisa,<br />

galeuli, Cveni droisaTvis Sesaferisi fizionomiiT.<br />

ojaxis ufrosi da vaJiSvili lojSi gaisusnen, yurTasmena<br />

ki ise aqvT momarjvebuli, sakuTari tansacmlis Sari-<br />

Suri esmiT.<br />

inkasators qalebi daxvdnen _ loginSi mwoliare<br />

skleroziani dedaberi da ojaxis kacebis ugergilobiT<br />

nervebmofutknuli rZali.<br />

_ ui, Cveni zaliko xar?<br />

gaxarebuli Sescinis skleroziani, _ rogora xar, dedaCemisa<br />

xom araferi ici, rodis apirebs Camosvlas? (deda<br />

rom moukvda, aRar axsovs).<br />

_ Cven, qalbatono, sinaTlis ambavze varT mosuli, _<br />

Zalian seriozuli toniT acxadebs RaJRaJa inkasatori.<br />

rZalma skami gamouwia, inkasatori pirquSi saxiT dajda da<br />

gaprialebul magidaze didi davTari dado. gadaSala es dav-<br />

Tari, gvari moZebna da galeuls daavala _ midi, naxe soCiki!<br />

RaJRaJam nakarnaxebi cifrebi Caiwera. miumata, gamoaklo,<br />

oTx klasSi naswavli ariTmetika srulad gamoiyena da<br />

bolos qalebs gamoucxada:<br />

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_ 472 lari gaqvT gadasaxdeli.<br />

_ rao?! _ gagiJda rZali, _ aTasSi erTxel modis<br />

sinaTle, macivari gadamwvaria, televizori gadamwvaria,<br />

xandaxan kerasinkaze vTbebiT da mainc 472 laria gadasaxdeli?<br />

_ asea da ra Cemi bralia?<br />

simtkices ar kargavs inkasatori, _ Tu gadaixdiT, gadaixdiT,<br />

arada, gadagcemT kompiuters da mere aRaraferi<br />

geSvelebaT.<br />

kompiuteris xsenebaze sikvdilmisjilebiviT Semodian<br />

oTaxSi mama-Svili, paltoebsa da yurebian qudebSi Cacmul-daxurulebi.<br />

_ am binas Tu gavyidiT, Torem Cven magdeni fulis gadamxdelebi<br />

ara varT, _ gabeda xmis amoReba axalgazrda<br />

kacma.<br />

_ ver gayidiT! _ mkacrad ambobs RaJRaJa. _ saxelmwifos<br />

vals Tu ar gaistumrebT, binis gayidvis uflebac ara<br />

gaqvT.<br />

_ ra vqnaT, aba, meti gasayidi araferi gvaqvs. _ akrusunda<br />

ojaxis ufrosi.<br />

RaJRaJac yuradRebiT aTvalierebs oTaxs: Zveli servandi,<br />

ubralo minis WiqebiT gamotenili, ori Tavmosawonebeli<br />

naCuqari yanwi, romlebic didi xania Rvinis magivrad<br />

mtvriT ivseba...<br />

_ gana ver vatyob, ra SeZlebis ojaxi gaqvT. mec minda<br />

angariSi gagiwioT, magram ra vqna... _ lbeba inkasatori.<br />

TiTqos maSveli Toki gadaugdeso, ise ucbad CaeWidnen<br />

ojaxis wevrebi am darbilebul tons. yvela erTad exveweba:<br />

`Seni Wirime, angariSi gagviwie, iqneb rame gviSvelo!~<br />

RaJRaJa galeuls Tavis aqneviT raRacas aniSnebs, isic<br />

saswrafod midis mricxvelTan da raRacas Cxirkedelaobs.<br />

keTili inkasatori bolo sityvas ambobs:<br />

_ samocdaaT lars Cven gadagvixdiT xelze, Svid lars<br />

sadac aqamde ixdidiT, iq gadaixdiT, ai, qviTari! Tu vinmem<br />

rame giTxraT, TqviT, aq ar vcxovrobdiT, sofelSi viyaviT-<br />

Tqo wasuli. riskze mivdivar, magram ra vqna, mecodebiT.<br />

samocdaaT larzec yoymanoben kacebi. rZali Zalis-ZaliT<br />

mezobelTan gzavnis mamamTils sasesxeblad.<br />

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madloba RmerTs, zogjer krosvordic gamoadgeba kacs.<br />

bazrobis direqtoris mama bolo xanebSi krosvordis siyvaruliT<br />

Zalian dauaxlovda sawyal mezobels. erTad<br />

xsnian superkrosvordebs, kaifvordebs, gvelvordebs,<br />

Radavvordebs da vin icis, kidev ramdennair eSmakvordebs.<br />

dabrunebis imedi ara aqvs, magram partnioris dakargvis<br />

SiSiT, bazrobis direqtoris mama sesxs iZleva.~ (`tfilisis<br />

uwyebanis~ informacia).<br />

ra Tqma unda, dakvirvebuli da kritikulad ganwyobili<br />

kaci giorgi pataSuris am naSromSi stilistur lafsusebsac<br />

aRmoaCens, magram gaiTvaliswineT, rom avtorma universitetSi<br />

mxolod sami semestri iswavla!<br />

am patara publicistur narkvevSi vxedavT erT tipiur<br />

Raribul ojaxs, arcTu mebrZol adamianebs. isini, rogorc<br />

wesi, erTguli da muyaiTi TanamSromlebi arian da Tavis<br />

saqmes patiosnad, uxmaurod akeTeben. axla umuSevrad da<br />

mxolod RvTis wyalobis imedad darCenilan. TaRliTi<br />

inkasatorebi xedaven am xalxis gaWirvebas, `kai biWebis~<br />

rolsac TamaSoben da sakuTari jibis sasargeblod maqsimalurs<br />

aRweven. sabolood, yvela kmayofilia mkiTxvelis<br />

garda _ bevrma maTganma xom aq sakuTari ojaxuri tragedia<br />

dainaxa da tkivili gauaxlda.<br />

avtoris mizani miRweulia. mas surda CvenTvis, mkiTxvel-<br />

Ta auditoriisTvis sakuTari Tavi daenaxvebina da es SeZlo<br />

kidec. erTi SexedviT, _ Zalian ubralod. magram imasac nu<br />

daiviwyebT, rom genialoba swored ubraloebaSia.<br />

statia<br />

es aris publicisturi Jurnalistikis yvelaze<br />

gavrcelebuli forma, Sesabamisad _ yvelaze rTulic.<br />

1990 wlis zafxulSi gazeT `7 dRis~ redaqtorma vaxtang<br />

abaSiZem SemomTavaza, damewera publicisturi statia<br />

kanonmdeblobaSi sikvdiliT dasjis muxlis arsebobis<br />

mizanSewonilobaze. mokled, sikvdiliT dasjis absurdulobasa<br />

da antisazogadoebriv xasiaTze. SemomTavazameTqi,<br />

SemTxveviT ar wamomcdenia _ arc erT redaqtors<br />

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arasodes mouva TavSi TanamSromels publicisturi naSromis<br />

dawera daavalos. amgvari davalebebi, saerTod, bunebaSi<br />

ar arsebobs da Tqvenc nu SegeSindebaT, rom odesme<br />

vinme aseT davalebas mogcemT. iqneb gTxovon, SegTavazon,<br />

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Tqven manamde publicisturi<br />

`raRac-raRaceebi~ gikeTebiaT.<br />

vato abaSiZis winadadeba, marTalia, rTuli Sesasrulebeli,<br />

magram Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo da miviRe kidec. daviwye<br />

istoriiT. Seviswavle ruseTis imperiis, sabWoTa kavSirisa<br />

da saqarTvelos statistika (razec xeli mimiwvda,<br />

ra Tqma unda), vesaubre uamrav adamians. Cemda gasaocrad,<br />

imdroindeli qarTuli inteligenciis warmomadgenelTa<br />

udidesi umravlesoba sikvdiliT dasjis momxre aRmoCnda.<br />

rac mTavaria, sxvanairad verc warmoedginaT.<br />

ukve vicodi, rac unda damewera, magram saWiro iyo<br />

kidev raRac, rac yvelafers Tavis adgils miuCenda. isic<br />

male gamoCnda: 78 qalbatonis xelmowerili oficialuri<br />

gancxadeba erTi kai Tbiliseli biWis mkvlelobaSi eWvmitanilis<br />

sikvdiliT dasjis kategoriuli moTxovniT. es<br />

iyo Semzaravi dokumenti! Tumca, maSindeli prokuraturisTvis<br />

es iyo seriozuli argumenti kanonmdeblobaSi<br />

sikvdiliT dasjis muxlis SesanarCuneblad. xumroba ar<br />

gegonoT, _ xalxi iTxovs gansasjelis sikvdiliT dasjas<br />

da es `xalxi~ aris 78 qarTveli qalbatoni _ mosiyvarule<br />

deda da bebia, saTno meuRle da ojaxis dedaboZi!<br />

male `7 dReSi~ es statia gamoqveynda:<br />

jvars acuT ege!..<br />

...nurafers vityviT omebsa da revoluciebze, roca kacis<br />

kvlisTvis aqezeben da ajildoeben adamianebs.<br />

imazec nurafers vityviT, aqvs Tu ara adamians iseTi<br />

kanonis SemoRebis ufleba, romelic mas sxva adamianis sicocxlis<br />

xelyofis uflebas aniWebs.<br />

modi, imaze vimsjeloT, ras aZlevs sazogadoebas<br />

amgvari kanonis arseboba. ratom, risTvis unda arsebobdes<br />

igi. davuSvaT, rom sikvdiliT dasja arsebobs sxvaTa<br />

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dasaSineblad, rom sxvam aRar gaimeoros erTis mier Cadenili<br />

codva.<br />

Tu marTlac sxvaTa SesaSineblad arsebobs, ratom vambobT<br />

ase mokrZalebiT: `1984 wlis sam oqtombers, saRamos<br />

16 saaTze ganaCeni moyvanilia sisruleSi~. da ratom ar vyviriT<br />

qveynierebis gasagonad: `hei, Tqven, mkvlelebo, ya-<br />

CaRebo, mZarcvelebo, mflangvelebo da samSoblos moRalateno!<br />

guSin, dilis sam saaTze sikvdiliT dasajes erTi<br />

TqvenisTana avazaki. ganaCenis Semdeg igi 28 Tvis ganmavlobaSi<br />

ijda sikvdilmisjilTa sakanSi, yovel gafaCunebaze<br />

tanSi zaravda, yvelgan jalaTi elandeboda. zezeurad<br />

Camoxma da dailia. goneba dauClungda _ mxolod sikvdilze<br />

fiqrobda. bolos `centridan~ Camovida kaci, romelic<br />

zustad urtyams mizanSi (es samizne cocxali adamianis gulia).<br />

waikiTxa sikvdilmisjilis saqme, mere ki msxverplis<br />

naxva moisurva.<br />

kargad mismineT, ra moxda Semdeg: Tqvennair avazaks<br />

sakanSi eaxla axalgazrda, cisferTvaleba da funCulaxelebiani<br />

kaci. gauRima, gaesaubra. uTxra, rom `centridan~<br />

specialurad gamogzavnes. masTan saubari surs da amitom<br />

ufro Sesaferis adgilas wayolas sTxovs. daimedebuli<br />

avazaki endo, Sehyva oTaxSi, Semobrunda da swored am dros<br />

`stumarma~ Sig gulSi daaxala tyvia...~<br />

ara, ase ar vambobT, radgan civilizebul samyaroSi<br />

ase ar aris miRebuli. vambobT: `miesaja sasjelis gansakuTrebuli<br />

zoma...~ `ganaCeni aRsrulebulia~.<br />

Tu sxvaTa SesaSineblad vsjiT, maSin ratom daviviwyeT<br />

sajarod CamoxrCobis, daxvretis, Tavis mokveTis, Tu Zelze<br />

gasmis praqtika?!<br />

revoluciis didma beladma leninma Seqmna totaluri<br />

daSinebis instrumenti, romelmac fizikurad gaanadgura<br />

asi aTasobiT, milionobiT adamiani. ideur mowinaaRmdege-<br />

Ta garda xvretdnen qurdebs, spekulantebs, meZavebs.<br />

da mainc, sabWoTa kavSirSi bolo samocdaaTi wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />

arnaxuli tempiT ganviTarda qurdobac, spekulaciac,<br />

prostituciac.<br />

165

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sazareli statistika<br />

ruseTis uzarmazar imperiaSi, romelic arasodes yofila<br />

humanizmisa da demokratiis akvani, bunebrivia, moqmedebda<br />

sikvdiliT dasjis kanoni. mas iyenebdnen kidec.<br />

Cven, sabWoTa adamianebs, bevri ram gagvigonia mefis ruse-<br />

Tis kanonebis sisastikeze. albaT, asec iyo.<br />

im cifrebis sizusteze, romlebsac axla gagacnobT,<br />

pasuxismgeblobas ver vikisreb. isini aRebulia 1989 wels<br />

moskovSi gamomcemloba `iuridiCeskaia literaturas~<br />

mier gamocemuli wignidan `sikvdiliT dasja: momxreni da<br />

mowinaaRmdegeni~.<br />

1826 wlidan 1906 wlamde, mTeli oTxmoci wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />

ruseTis imperiis sasamarTloebma sikvdili sul<br />

616 adamians miusajes. vimeoreb, oTxmoci wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />

sasjelis umaRlesi zoma miesaja eqvsas Teqvsmet<br />

adamians. maT Soris iyo 39 dekabristi da 252 poloneTis<br />

ajanyebis monawile.<br />

sabolood, sikvdiliT dasajes oTxi dekabristi,<br />

xolo Tavisi sisastikiT ganTqmulma ruseTis Jandarmeriam<br />

poloneTis ajanyebis vercerTi monawilis moZebna<br />

ver moaxerxa! im oTxmoci wlis ganmavlobaSi kidev<br />

156 sikvdilmisjils Seucvales sasjeli, ver moZebnes<br />

kidev 28 kaci. sabolood, sikvdiliT daisaja sul 180<br />

kaci. 180 kaci 80 weliwadSi!<br />

ver getyviT, didia Tu mcire es cifri. mxolod SegaxsenebT,<br />

rom sabWoTa istoriulma mecnierebam jerjerobiT<br />

ver SeZlo daedgina, ramdeni milioni adamiani daixvrita<br />

sabWoTa xelisuflebis samocdaaTwliani istoriis<br />

ganmavlobaSi.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, ruseTis imperiaSi im wlebSi saxelmwifo<br />

qonebis datacebisTvis, saerTod, sameurneo danaSaulisTvis<br />

sikvdili arc erTi adamianisTvis ar miusjiaT.<br />

statistikuri monacemebi, romlebsac axla mogawvdiT,<br />

savsebiT saimedoa, magram, gasagebi mizezebis gamo, ver<br />

gavTqvam mis wyaros (axla, ra Tqma unda, informaciis wyaros<br />

dasaxeleba SeiZleba: es gaxldaT saqarTvelos gen-<br />

166

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eraluri prokuroris maSindeli moadgile, SemdegSi<br />

parlamentis wevri da iusticiis ministri, sikvdiliT<br />

dasjis erT-erTi yvelaze Tavgamodebuli mowinaaRmdege<br />

roland giligaSvili. T. q.).<br />

maS ase, 1971 wlis pirveli ianvridan, 1990 wlis pirvel<br />

ianvramde, mxolod oci wlis ganmavlobaSi, mxolod saqarTveloSi<br />

sasjelis gansakuTrebuli zoma _ sikvdili _<br />

gadauwyvites 250 kacs. aqedan xuTi gardaicvala, an Tavi<br />

moikla; 50 Seiwyales, 195 daxvrites.<br />

ruseTis uzarmazar imperiaSi (sadac saqarTveloc Sedioda)<br />

oTxmoci wlis ganmavlobaSi sikvdiliT dasajes as<br />

oTxmoci kaci, patara saqarTveloSi oci wlis ganmavloba-<br />

Si _ 195!<br />

ruseTis imperiaSi sameurneo danaSaulisTvis oTxmoci<br />

wlis manZilze arc erTi kacisTvis ar miusjiaT `gansakuTrebuli<br />

zoma~, saqarTveloSi _ oc weliwadSi am danaSaulisTvis<br />

daxvreta miusajes Tormet kacs! aqedan mxolod<br />

erTi Seiwyales, erTi gardaicvala, aTi kaci daxvrites!<br />

erT ramesac miaqcieT yuradReba: sameurneo danaSaulisTvis<br />

pirveli sasikvdilo ganaCeni gamotanilia 1971<br />

wels (msjavrdebuli Seiwyales); meore _ zustad aTi wlis<br />

Semdeg: samagaliTod daisajnen iuza kobaxiZe da aleqsandre<br />

ziraqaZe (misi daxvreta ver moaxerxes, radgan, oficialuri<br />

cnobiT, gardaicvala cixeSi, filtvebis kiboTi,<br />

1981 wlis 15 noembers). momdevno wels sameurneo dana-<br />

SaulisTvis sikvdiliT dasajes ukve oTxi kaci: ambrosi<br />

gergedava, mitrofane kelenjeriZe, rezo msxvilaZe,<br />

mixeil CumouriZe. xuTi kaci daisaja 1983 wels _ vaxtang<br />

baxturiZe, valeri krutini, Tengiz mavzaraSvili, uSangi<br />

kereseliZe, giorgi saakaZe. amis Semdeg sameurneo dana-<br />

SaulisTvis sikvdiliT aRaravin dausjiaT, Tumca, bevris<br />

sicocxle ekida bewvze.<br />

da kidev erTi informacia: 1988 wlis zafxulSi saqarTvelos<br />

cixeebSi sikvdiliT dasjas eloda 19 kaci.<br />

...roca arsebobs kanoni sikvdiliT dasjis Sesaxeb, mudam<br />

arsebobs safrTxe, rom amas Segnebulad Tu uneblied<br />

167

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gamoiyeneben udanaSaulo adamianis mimarTac. mere mas Sei-<br />

Zleba daarqvan `sasamarTlo Secdoma~, `samwuxaro gaugebroba~,<br />

usamarTlod dasjilic gaamarTlon, magram es bevri<br />

veraferi nugeSia.<br />

saqarTveloSi rom moewyos referendumi sikvdiliT<br />

dasjis Sesaxeb, saeWvoa, umravlesobam mis gauqmebas dau-<br />

Wiros mxari, radgan dRes ver vxedavT borotebasTan<br />

brZolis sxva realur gzas, dakanonebuli Zaladobis garda.<br />

da, mainc, Tu odesme aseTi dRe dadga, sanam sakuTari<br />

xeliT sakuTar Tavs ganaCens gamovutandeT, kidev erTxel<br />

davfiqrdeT, gavixsenoT, ramdeni udanaSaulo adamianis<br />

sicocxle Seiwira `kanonierma mkvlelobebma~, RmerTic<br />

gavixsenoT, romelic RaRadebs _ `ara kac hkla!~ (`7 dRis~<br />

informacia).<br />

am publicisturi statiis gamoqveyneba saqarTvelosTvis<br />

Zalian mZime, sayovelTao eiforiis periods daemTxva.<br />

es is droa, roca qarTuli sazogadoeba mTvralia `mopovebuli~<br />

saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobiT, mzadaa, mis<br />

SesanarCuneblad sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde ibrZolos,<br />

balaxi Wamos, mokvdes kidec, magram mters araferi dauTmos.<br />

es aris periodi, roca sikvdilze iolad laparakoben.<br />

sazogadoebis reaqciac Sesabamisi iyo _ asidan 95 mlan-<br />

ZRavda, an ar iziarebda Cems (anu _ redaqciis) mosazrebebs,<br />

5 aRfrTovanebuli iyo. TandaTan es proporcia sikvdiliT<br />

dasjis gauqmebis momxreTa sasargeblod icvleboda.<br />

Tu SeiZleba cotas mec wavitrabaxeb: es iyo erT-erTi<br />

pirveli publicisturi statia sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebis<br />

moTxovniT. SemdegSi mec, bevrma sxvamac am Temaze<br />

sakmaod bevri viSromeT da meamayeba, rom sabolood saRma<br />

azrma gaimarjva _ saqarTvelos parlamentma sikvdiliT<br />

dasja gaauqma da amaSi Cveni, Jurnalistebis mokrZalebuli<br />

wvlilicaa.<br />

parlamentsac, prezidentsac, presasac, yvelas, vinc<br />

mondomebuli iyo am antisazogadoebrivi kanonis gauqmebiT,<br />

didi, Zalian didi brZola dasWirda, ZiriTadad,<br />

adamianis, moqalaqis msoflmxedvelobis Sesacvlelad.<br />

da mainc, mgonia, rom es iyo rTuli da mZime gadasawyveti<br />

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parlamentis mxridan _ maSin, 90-iani wlebis SuaSi am Temaze<br />

referendumi rom CaetarebinaT, sikvdiliT dasjas<br />

momxreebi mowinaaRmdegeebze xuTjer meti mainc eyoleboda.<br />

miT ufro dasafasebelia xelisuflebis mtkice<br />

politikuri neba da gambedaobac _ igi xom amomrCevelTa<br />

umravlesobis survilis winaaRmdeg wavida. sabolood, am<br />

gadawyvetilebam gaamarTla _ hkiTxeT Tanamedroveebs,<br />

surT Tu ara sikvdiliT dasjis xelaxla SemoReba!<br />

interviu<br />

roca publicistur interviuze vfiqrob, mudam maxsendeba<br />

SesaniSnavi Jurnalisti da moqalaqe nana joxariZe.<br />

mraval sxva sikeTesTan erTad, mas hqonda swored<br />

interviuTi mkiTxvelze emociuri zemoqmedebis araCveulebrivi<br />

niWi. Zalian Znelia vinmes aswavlo, ise daawyos<br />

Tundac romelime genialuri azri, rom man msmenelze an<br />

mkiTxvelze emociurad imoqmedos. publicisturi interviu,<br />

Sesrulebis TvalsazrisiT, uaRresad rTulia. Tumca,<br />

amis erTi SesaniSnavi nimuSi ukve vnaxeT (iamze asaniSvilis<br />

`guram doCanaSvilis cxovrebis proza~). axla nana joxariZis<br />

interviuc vnaxoT:<br />

verisubani. yofili javaxiSvilis quCa. patara, Zalian<br />

myudro, zRapridan gadmoxatuli wiTelkramitiani saxli.<br />

monawileni: meuRle _ neli meliqiZe<br />

Svilebi _ liziko, gigilo, aCiko<br />

SviliSvilebi _ salome, elene, giorgi<br />

rZali _ irina kalandaZe<br />

siZe _ giorgi baxtaZe<br />

mTxrobeli<br />

vestibiulSi avTo varazis naxati kidia _ axalgazrda<br />

kacis portreti. es Cveni gmiria. maTTvis, vinc Soriaxlo an<br />

mxolod kabinetebidan icnobs, naxatze ucxo kacia: varazs<br />

yuradReba ar miuqcevia imisTvis, rac yvelas dasanaxad<br />

zedapirze devs...<br />

169

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liziko<br />

or weliwadSi momikvda deda, mama, bebia, babua. megona,<br />

sul marto davrCi. xom iciT, aseT dros yovelTvis gamoCndebian<br />

xolme naTesavebi, vinc daoblebuli bavSvis aRzrdas<br />

ikisreben. maSinac ase iyo. magram aCikos arc dauSvia,<br />

rom SeiZleboda, vinme sxvas waveyvane.<br />

ra Tqma unda, bednieri viqnebodi, mSoblebi rom myoloda,<br />

magram me axlac Zalian bednieri var... is, rac neli mamidam<br />

da aCikom gamikeTes... ar vici, albaT, sxvas aravis See-<br />

Zlo gaekeTebina... aCiko ise mefereboda, ise manebivrebda...<br />

es yvelaferi TiTqos imitom iyo ase, rom me erTaderTi<br />

gogo viyavi ojaxSi...<br />

maxsovs, roca aCiko televiziis Tavmjdomared daniSnes,<br />

Cven wyneTSi viyaviT da televizoriT movismineT es<br />

ambavi. roca ojaxur mdgomareobaze Tqves, gamoacxades,<br />

ori Svili hyavso. imave wuTSi dareka telefonma. aCiko<br />

saSinlad aRelvebuli iyo. gviTxra, televizori ar gamorToT,<br />

usmineTo. zustad xuT wuTSi Secdoma gaaswores<br />

_ ori ki ara, sami Svili hyavso.<br />

mTxrobeli<br />

nelim karamde gamomacila. avTo varazis naxatisken<br />

gameqca Tvali.<br />

_ TiTqos ar hgavs, ara? _ mkiTxa Tu ise, TavisTvis Tqva<br />

da iqve daamata: _ bevri marTla ver cnobs. avTom naWuWi<br />

Semoacala, kunTebi, uxeSi, xandaxan mrisxane gamoxedva...<br />

datova mxolod is, rac CemTvis ase nacnobia _ bavSvis gulubryviloba<br />

da daujereblobamde saTuTi, xeliT Sexebis<br />

rom SegeSindeba, zustad iseTi suli.<br />

farda (`dronis~ informacia).<br />

ra Tqma unda, SeamCnieT, rom nana joxariZis es naSromi,<br />

cota ar iyos, ucnauri formisaa. geTanxmebiT, igi marTlac<br />

ar aris is, rasac uyoymanod davarqmevdiT narkvevs,<br />

Canaxats, dialogs, monologs an sxva rames. da mainc, es<br />

aris interviu, kidev ufro zustad, publicisturi interviu,<br />

romlis mizania, mkiTxvels misTvis ucnobi kuTxidan<br />

170

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daanaxos saintereso pirovnebis Sinagani samyaro. is, risi<br />

danaxvac, Cveulebriv, Zalian Zneli, TiTqmis SeuZlebelia.<br />

Jurnalistis xelovnebac is aris, rom man mkiTxvelTa<br />

Tvalwin warmoadgina kaci Tavisi RirsebebiT da adamianuri<br />

sisusteebiTac. am naSromis wakiTxvis Semdeg giCndebaT<br />

survili, rogorme swored mis gmirs daukavSiroT Tqveni<br />

bedi, magaliTad, xma misceT saparlamento arCevnebisas.<br />

Jurnalistis Canafiqric es iyo.<br />

polemikuri publicistika<br />

rogorc adre bevrjer vTqvi, nebismieri Janris publicistur<br />

naSroms mxolod maSin aqvs fasi da mniSvneloba,<br />

Tu igi Seexeba konkretul saqmes (ambavs, faqts, movlenas...)<br />

da aqvs konkretuli misamarTi. Tanac, es `konkretuli<br />

saqme~ da `konkretuli misamarTi~ saintereso<br />

da mtkivneuli unda iyos sazogadoebis erTi romelime<br />

fenisTvis mainc. magaliTad, literaturuli wreebisTvis<br />

sainteresoa romelime mwerlis Semoqmedebaze an calkeul<br />

nawarmoebze gamarTuli polemika. xolo Tu es Seexeba,<br />

vTqvaT, gadasaxadebs, maSin dainteresebulTa wre ganuzomlad<br />

izrdeba. ra Tqma unda, gaaCnia Sesrulebis dones.<br />

ufro zustad, Janris popularobas swored Sesrulebis<br />

done gansazRvravs. rogorc Jurnalisturi moRvaweobis<br />

bevr sxva sferoSi, aqac didia `gadamlaSebis~ safrTxe _<br />

Tqven fiqrobT, rom mocemuli Tema Zalianac sainteresoa,<br />

magram am dros mkiTxveli, anu Tqveni produqciis uSualo<br />

`momxmarebeli~, SesaZloa, ase sulac ar fiqrobdes.<br />

amocana kidev ufro rTuldeba imiT, rom polemikaSi,<br />

SesaZloa, mravalma adamianma miiRos monawileoba, maTgan<br />

ki publicistis niWi da SesaZlebloba bevrs ar hqondes, an<br />

uaresi _ polemika, saerTod, usagno da umizno aRmoCndes.<br />

samwuxarod, aseTi magaliTebic mravlad gvaqvs.<br />

gTavazobT gazeT `tfilisis uwyebanSi~ gamoqveynebul<br />

or naSroms. ver vityvi, rom es nimuSebi saukeTesoa am<br />

JanrSi, magram, vfiqrob, maT gaaCnia yvela is niSani, rac<br />

unda gaaCndes am Janris nawarmoebs.<br />

171

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gazeT `tfilisis uwyebanis~ redaqcias<br />

Tqveni gazeTis 1997 wlis 15 ianvris #2 (13-Si) gamoqveynebuli<br />

werilebis dastaze (`videopatruli 02, anu<br />

`Приглашение на Казнь~, `serJantma Tqva~ da `Saro saidan<br />

modixar~) lapidaruli pasuxis gacema ubralod SeuZlebelia,<br />

radgan miTiTebul werilebSi braldebaTa imgvari<br />

korianteli dgas, rom gazeTs aSkarad `jvarosnuli<br />

laSqroba~ aqvs gamocxadebuli Tbilisis sagzao policiis<br />

samsaxuris winaaRmdeg. `mamxilebeli~ faqtebis mxatvruli<br />

abstragirebis ususuri mcdeloba, araprofesiuli<br />

Jurnalisturi gamokvleva da analizi am `nacodvilarTa~<br />

gadakiTxvisTanave giqmnis imis STabeWdilebas, rom maTi<br />

avtorebi (SeiZleba `avtoric~) wesrigs danatrebuli<br />

pirovneba ki ar gaxlavT, aramed boRmiT gulgasiebuli is<br />

mZRolebi arian, romelTac sagzao policielebma moZraobis<br />

wesebis darRveva ar apaties da marTvis ufleba CamoarTves.<br />

Cven, ra Tqma unda, ar gamovricxavT, rom Tbilisis<br />

sagzao policiis mravalaskacian koleqtivSi marTlac<br />

erios uRirsi, gamomZalveli muSaki, magram es aravis<br />

aZlevs uflebas lafSi amoTxvaros mTeli samsaxuri, romelic<br />

Zalas ar iSurebs qalaqSi saTanado wesrigis dasamyareblad,<br />

arc Tu iSviaTad ebmeba uTanasworo brZolaSi<br />

SeiaraRebuli banditebis winaaRmdeg da aseve iSviaTad<br />

gamodis am brZolidan udanakargod.<br />

rac Seexeba baton Teimuraz qoriZis werils `serJantma<br />

Tqva~, misi Sinaarsidan adamiani ver daadgens, romel<br />

Janrs ekuTvnis igi _ moTxrobaa Tu feletoni. miuxedavad<br />

amisa, Cven kategoriulad moviTxovT, rom batonma Teimuraz<br />

qoriZem daakonkretos anonimi serJantis vinaoba.<br />

es aucilebelia serJant `graklelis~ mier wamoyenebul<br />

braldebaTa gamosakvlevad, raTa pasuxisgebaSi iqnan micemuli<br />

is pirebi, vinc mas samuSaoSi miRebisaTvis gamosZales<br />

1.000 dolari, da axlac agrZeleben fulis gamoZalvas.<br />

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, valdebulic ki varT mivmarToT<br />

sasamarTlos da moviTxovoT moraluri satisfaqcia im<br />

daumsaxurebeli SeuracxyofisaTvis, rac Tqvenma gazeTma<br />

miTiTebuli paskvilebiT mogvayena. aqve aRvniSnav, rom me,<br />

172

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ogorc Tbilisis sagzao policiis samsaxuris erT-erTi<br />

xelmZRvaneli, sruli xelSeuxeblobis garantias vaZlev<br />

`serJant graklels~, Tu mis mier wamoyenebuli braldebebis<br />

Tundac erTi faqti dadasturdeba.<br />

pativiscemiT,<br />

q. Tbilisis sagzao policiis samsaxuris ufrosis<br />

moadgile, policiis vice-polkovniki...<br />

maS ase _ dueli!<br />

ra iaraRs mTavazobT, batono vice-polkovniko?<br />

...radgan aseTi risxva davimsaxure, etyoba, saTqmeli<br />

kargad ver vTqvi. axla ufro gasagebad vityvi: sagzao<br />

policiis im TanamSromlebiT Tu vimsjelebT, vinc uSualod<br />

quCaSi dgas, am samsaxurSi katastrofuli viTarebaa<br />

Seqmnili _ uklebliv yvela sagzao policieli aris<br />

gamomZalveli. sagzao moZraobis wesis dacva aravis ar<br />

ainteresebs. piriqiT, TiTqmis yvela dainteresebulia,<br />

rac SeiZleba meti darRvevisa da damrRvevis arsebobiT.<br />

imasac mogaxsenebT, rom amaSi yvelaze nakleb damnaSave<br />

swored policiis TanamSromelia. vidre igi sakuTari xelfasiT<br />

ojaxis Senaxvas ver SeZlebs, araferi gamoswordeba.<br />

sxva sityvebiT, policieli iZulebulia akeTos is, rasac<br />

akeTebs.<br />

modi, erToblivad, policiis TanamSromlebis monawileobiT,<br />

saqarTvelos nebismier kuTxeSi CavataroT moqalaqeebis<br />

gamokiTxva: _ aris Tu ara sagzao policieli gamomZalveli?<br />

Tu gamokiTxulTa xuTi procenti uaryofiT<br />

pasuxs gagvcems, sasamarTlom romc ar momisajos, saku-<br />

Tari surviliT movixdi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul<br />

sasjels sajaro ciliswamebisa da SeuracxyofisTvis.<br />

Zlier meeWveba, batonma vice-polkovnikma da sagzao<br />

policiis samsaxuris sxva xelmZRvanelebma Cemze ukeT ar<br />

icodnen, rogor iqcevian maTi TanamSromlebi.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, banditebTan uTanasworo brZola ar gaxlavT<br />

sagzao policiis prerogativa, amisTvis sxva samsaxurebi<br />

arsebobs.<br />

173

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ac Seexeba Jurnalisturi Janrebis dadgenas, arc es<br />

Sedis sagzao policiis uSualo movaleobaSi. saerTod,<br />

romelime nawarmoebis romelime JanrisTvis mikuTvneba<br />

umaduri da sarisko saqmea.<br />

samwuxarod, ver Sevasruleb batoni vice-polkovnikis<br />

kategoriul moTxovnas serJant graklelis vinaobis dakonkretebis<br />

Taobaze.<br />

Tu Cemi amgvari pasuxi ar dagakmayofilebT, mimarTeT<br />

sasamarTlos, romelsac agreTve ar gavumxel serJantis<br />

vinaobas. me amis iuridiuli ufleba maqvs.<br />

axla oriode uwyinari SeniSvna, romlebic policiis samsaxurebis<br />

zogierT xelmZRvanels uTuod gamoadgeba momavali<br />

pasuxis daweris dros. samecniero termini `lapidaruli~<br />

niSnavs ukiduresad lakoniurs, mokles da ixmareba<br />

Zvel (romaul) Zeglebze gakeTebuli warwerebis dasaxasiaTeblad.<br />

`lapidaruli pasuxi~ _ uxerxuli gamoTqmaa.<br />

termini `satisfaqcia~ niSnavs Seuracxyofilis mier<br />

Seuracxmyofelis orTabrZolaSi, duelSi gamowvevis<br />

moTxovnis dakmayofilebas. dueli, CvenTan, marTalia, kanoniT<br />

akrZalulia, magram Tu batoni vice-polkovniki amas<br />

kategoriulad moiTxovs, daveTanxmebi. iaraRis SerCevac<br />

misTvis mimindvia.<br />

batono vice-polkovniko, Cemi mokrZalebuli Txovnaa,<br />

SeZlebisdagvarad eridoT rTuli (miT ufro, ucnobi) mecnieruli<br />

terminologiis gamoyenebas. saliteraturo qar-<br />

Tul enaze, madloba RmerTs, yvelanairi azris gamoTqma<br />

SeiZleba (`tfilisis uwyebanis~ informacia).<br />

waikiTxeT? _ maSin uTuod dagrCebodaT ukmayofilebis<br />

grZnoba imis gamo, rom sagzao policiis warmomadgenlisTvis<br />

gacilebiT ufro mkvaxe pasuxis gacema SeiZleboda. magram<br />

aq aris erTi uxerxuloba, ramac Jurnalisti aiZula<br />

ufro TavSekavebuli yofiliyo.<br />

yvela profesionali Jurnalisti advilad dainaxavda,<br />

rom werili, romelsac vice-polkovniki awers xels, ar<br />

aris uSualod misi dawerili da, bunebrivia, avtoris argumentacia<br />

ver scdeba fuWi maRalfardovnebis sazRvrebs.<br />

mokled, redaqciisadmi gagzavnili werili, faqtobrivad,<br />

anonimuri da amitom gulgrilad Sesrulebulia _ ro-<br />

174

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gorc wesi, policiis Cinebi ase ar iqcevian. maT SeiZleba<br />

blomad stilisturi, orTografiuli da gramatikuli<br />

Secdomebi mouvideT, magram gulwrfelad weren. marTalia,<br />

Tema marTlac saWirborotoa, magram anonim avtor-<br />

Tan kamaTi uRirsi saqcielia. Jurnalisti grZnobs Tavis<br />

did upiratesobas da savsebiT samarTlianad ar amwvavebs<br />

viTarebas.<br />

amas, sxvaTa Soris, mixvda adresatic. mas arc dueli<br />

mouTxovia da aRarc kamaTi gaugrZelebia. mivagoT keisars<br />

keisrisa _ igi Rirseuli oponenti aRmoCnda. aqve imasac<br />

davamateb, rom publicisturi polemikis mizani ar aris<br />

sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde brZola da gamarjvebulis<br />

ueWveli gamovlena. polemika maSin unda Sewydes,<br />

roca Tqven (Jurnalists) SesamCnevi upiratesoba gaqvT,<br />

xolo Tu grZnobT, rom cdebiT, saswrafod moixadeT<br />

bodiSi da amiT daamTavreT. bodiSis moxdac Rirseuli<br />

saqcielia.<br />

publicisturi informacia. es aris raime mniSvnelovani<br />

informacia mokle komentariT. oRond, Tu am informaciis<br />

publicistur Janrze mikuTvneba gsurT, igi marTlac rezonansuli<br />

unda iyos. avtorma unda SeZlos informaciis<br />

iseTi formiT miwodeba, rom mkiTxveli daainteresos.<br />

publicisturi informaciisTvis damaxasiaTebelia ukiduresi<br />

lakoniuroba. SedarebiT meti adgili unda daeTmos<br />

komentars, TviT faqtisTvis e.w. `sazogadoebrivi JReradobis~<br />

miniWebis mizniT.<br />

informacia, romelic ukve msofliom icis<br />

20 maiss, daaxloebiT dRis Tormetis naxevarze, jerjerobiT<br />

daudgenelma borotmoqmedebma cxinvali-javis<br />

gzaze, sofel kexvTan cecxli gauxsnes avtomanqanebs,<br />

romlebSic osi erovnebis moqalaqeebi, ZiriTadad, qalebi<br />

da baSvebi isxdnen.<br />

Sedegi Semzaravia _ oficialuri monacemebiT, daiRupa<br />

32 adamiani. arian mZimed daWrilebi (ruseTis televiziis<br />

cnobiT, daiRupa 50 adamiani).<br />

unda vaRiaroT: is, rac 20 maiss moxda, moulodneli ar<br />

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yofila. igi aris Sedegi bolo wlebSi saqarTveloSi mimdinare<br />

yovlad ugunuri nacionalisturi politikisa.<br />

gavixsenoT, ra jiutad, xelaRebiT iqmneboda mtris, moRalatis,<br />

agentis xati; ra gulgrilobiT lanZRavdnen, lafs<br />

esrodnen, aviwrovebdnen qarTuli inteligenciis warmomadgenlebs;<br />

ra mondomebiT upirispirebdnen erTmaneTs<br />

sxvadasxva politikuri mrwamsis adamianebs, partiebs, qalaqs<br />

da sofels, mamakacs da qals, dedas da Svils..<br />

ukve ramdeni magaliTi dagvigrovda adamianebiT vaWrobisa!<br />

XX saukunis miwuruls qarTveli kaci adamians itacebs<br />

da fulze hyidis.<br />

amas Cven vakeTebT, qarTvelebi, udidesi da uZvelesi<br />

civilizaciis memkvidre eri.<br />

sxvas nurafers davabralebT _ Cven, qarTvelebi Cveni<br />

xeliT jiuti TavdajerebiT viTxriT samares.<br />

dResac gaismis mowodebebi `sisxlis ukanasknel<br />

wveTamde brZolis~ Sesaxeb. ara, momxvduri mtris winaaRmdeg<br />

ki ara, _ Cvenive jiSis, Cvenive gvaris, Cvenive sisxlis<br />

winaaRmdeg! Turme, SegviZlia, viRacis friad saeWvo politikur<br />

ambiciebs gadavayoloT normaluri adamianisTvis<br />

yvelaze sanukvari da saficari ram _ samSoblo.<br />

roca amdeni uazro SurisZiebis, sisxlis Rvris, adamian-<br />

Ta cocxlad dawvis, Tu msxverplad Sewirvis ambavi gesmis,<br />

uneblied gipyrobs fiqri: Cveni, qarTvelTa adgili aRar<br />

aris Tanamedrove msoflioSi _ Cveni adgili istoriaSia~<br />

(`dronis~ informacia).<br />

es informacia gamoqveynda maSin, roca saqarTveloSi<br />

yovlad gaugonari da qarTuli sinamdvilisTvis sruliad<br />

ucxo qsenofobia mZvinvarebda. bunebrivia, mas umZafresi<br />

reaqcia mohyva, rogorc xelisuflebis, ise oficiozis<br />

mxridan: am informaciis avtori aris qarTveli eris mosisxle<br />

mteri, ruseTis specsamsaxurebis agenti, eris<br />

moRalate, sisxlis samarTlis damnaSave da a.S. polemikaSi<br />

monawileobda masobrivi informaciis uklebliv yvela sa-<br />

Sualeba da sazogadoebis TiTqmis yvela fenis warmomadgeneli<br />

_ e. w. elituri inteligentidan dawyebuli, cxinvaleli<br />

ltolviliTa da romeliRac kolejis moswavliT<br />

damTavrebuli. Cemda gasaocrad, maT Soris aRmoCndnen<br />

176

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Cemi kolegebic, is adamianebi, romlebic Zalian kargad<br />

micnobdnen da megobrobdnen kidec CemTan.<br />

informaciis gamoqveynebidan xuTi wlis Semdegac ki,<br />

erT-erTma qarTulma Jurnalma gamoaqveyna vrceli statia,<br />

sadac am publicisturi informaciis avtori moxseniebuli<br />

iyo qveynis damaqcevrad da prezident gamsaxurdias<br />

erT-erT mkvlelad.<br />

mas Semdeg didi dro gavida. qveyana dawynarda da axla im<br />

braldebebis gameoreba TavSi aRaravis mouva. Cemi ganmaqiqebleblic<br />

mixvdnen sakuTar Secdomas da bevrma bodiSic<br />

moixada. asec unda momxdariyo, magram warmoidgineT saku-<br />

Tari Tavi avtoris adgilze.<br />

aseTia cxovreba _ zogjer iqneb daumsaxureblad<br />

gaqon, zogjer, aseve daumsaxureblad glanZRon. Jurnalisti<br />

yvelafrisTvis mzad unda iyos.<br />

publicisturi Canaxati. es aris Canaxatis formis publicisturi<br />

Janris naSromi. amgvari naSromebi, ZiriTadad,<br />

socialur Temebze iqmneba da, rogorc wesi, mkiTxvels<br />

cremls mohgvris xolme. Tu ase ar moxda, publicisturi<br />

Canaxati umizno an cudad Sesrulebuli yofila. Tumca,<br />

waikiTxeT es naSromi da Tavad gansajeT, miaRwia Tu ara avtorma<br />

mizans:<br />

...is iyo gasasvlelisaken gavemarTe, rom vigrZeni, rogor<br />

afaTurebda xels viRaca Cems ukve dacarielebul<br />

jibeSi. xeli xelSi vtace da mivbrundi: sakmaod simpaTiurad<br />

Cacmuli, wvergaparsuli Suaxnis mamakaci sacodavi<br />

gamometyvelebiT miyurebda.<br />

_ ara grcxvenia, jibeSi miZvrebi amxela kaci?<br />

seiris mayureblebi swrafad Sejgufdnen Cvens irgvliv.<br />

_ ra vqna... saxlSi melodebian... ori bavSvi.. _ mZimed,<br />

sveneb-svenebiT amoRerRa.<br />

vigrZeni, simarTles meubneboda.<br />

_ wamodi erTi, maCvene, ra damSeuli bavSvebi gelodebian.<br />

tyuili rom gamodges, Sen Tavs daabrale!<br />

gunebawamxdari dammorCilda da gamomyva. manqanamde<br />

xma ar amouRia. rogorc ki CavsxediT, misamarTi miTxra da<br />

arc mere gaucia xma...<br />

177

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vasarTuliani saxlis bolo sarTulze avediT.<br />

gasaRebi gadaatriala da kari SeaRo. SesasvlelSi ori<br />

ususuri arseba idga. araCveulebrivad naTeli da marTali<br />

ori wyvili Tvali momStereboda.<br />

_ mamiko, es kaci Seni amxanagia? _ hkiTxa gogonam, romelic<br />

erTi wliT Tu iqneboda ufrosi Tavis daze.<br />

_ ho, Svilo.<br />

bavSvebi oTaxSi Secvivdnen. mec Sevyevi. standartulad<br />

mowyobili oTaxi: magida, skamebi, taxti, ori savarZeli.<br />

oTaxis kuTxeSi, kedelze, TabaSiris CarCoSi Casmuli<br />

sarke...<br />

erTaderTi, risi naklebobac vigrZeni irgvliv gamefebul<br />

sisufTavesa da siRaribeSi, qalis xeli iyo.<br />

_ Cemi coli (am sityvis gamoTqma Zalian gauWirda)<br />

TurqeTSia, muSaobs, magram jerjerobiT fuls ver gvigzavnis,<br />

_ TiTqos mimixvda azrebs, _ me... me... ra Tqma unda,<br />

ar viqcevi sworad, magram, damijereT, amden maTxovrobas<br />

da valebs veRar avudivar. rogorc gindaT, ise gamigeT,<br />

Tqveni nebaa...<br />

sunTqvaSekrulma Cavirbine kibeebi, avtomanqanidan Cemi<br />

CanTa gamovaTrie da qoSiniT avitane merve sarTulze...<br />

SesasvlelSi rogorc davtove, iseve idgnen.<br />

_ Tovlis babua movida! _ rogorc SemeZlo mxiarulad<br />

vTqvi, CanTa davde da gamovbrundi.<br />

kari nucikom gamiRo, Cemma xuTi wlis gogonam.<br />

_ mama, araferi mogitania? _ gaocebulma mkiTxa.<br />

_ ara, Svilo, dRes Tovlis babua sxvasTan mivida!~<br />

(`tfilisis uwyebanis~ informacia).<br />

avtors surda mkiTxvelisTvis daenaxvebina qveynis socialuri<br />

katastrofa. daukvirdiT `qurdis~ naTqvams: `Cemi<br />

coli (am sityvis gamoTqma Zalian gauWirda) TurqeTSia,<br />

muSaobs, magram, jerjerobiT, fuls ver gvigzavnis~.<br />

Tavad am sityvebis mTqmelisa ar iyos, mec Zalian miWirs,<br />

magram mainc Tqma sjobs: im periodSi, ukiduresi gaWirvebis<br />

gamo qarTveli qalebi marTlac xSirad midiodnen samuSaod<br />

mezobel TurqeTSi. es `samuSao~, ZiriTadad, iyo ZvelmanebiT<br />

vaWroba da... meZavoba. im xandazmuli, simpaTiuri<br />

kacis coli da im `ori ususuri arsebis~ deda cxovrebam<br />

178

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aiZula TurqeTSi eZebna bedi. samwuxarod, uSedegodo,<br />

gvamcnobs avtori (`jerjerobiT fuls ver gvigzavnis~).<br />

Tumca, bolo mainc bednieria _ mSier bavSvebTan Tovlis<br />

babua midis _ socialurma siduxWirem ver mokla adamianoba.<br />

Cemi azriT, es aris am patara Canaxatis dedaazri.<br />

aseTi ram rom daweroT, yvelaferi es unda naxoT da<br />

unda ganicadoT. imaze aRarafers vambob, rom didi ostatobacaa<br />

saWiro.<br />

ironiuli publicistika<br />

JurnalistikaSi xSirad iqmneba viTareba, roca mkiTxvelze<br />

emociuri zemoqmedebis saSualebad avtorebi swored<br />

ironias irCeven. oRond, Zalian faqizi da windaxeduli moqmedeba,<br />

Zalian didi sifrTxilea saWiro, rom keTilganwyobili<br />

ironia cinizmSi ar gadaizardos, msubuqi iumori _<br />

dacinvaSi, naklis aRniSvna _ SeuracxyofaSi, gaugebroba<br />

_ sajaro ciliswamebaSi. kacma rom Tqvas, Tqvens naSromSi<br />

SegiZliaT marTlac mwared dascinoT pirobiT oponents,<br />

magram nu dagaviwydebaT, rom arsebobs saxelmwifo, sadac<br />

Jurnalisturi eTikis normebis garda moqmedebs sisxlis<br />

samarTlis kanonmdebloba, romelic icavs adamianis kanonier<br />

uflebebs. amitom Tqveni odnavi gadaWarbeba, anu, rogorc<br />

kaxelebi ityvian, `daukrefavSi gadasvla~, SesaZloa,<br />

savalalod damTavrdes.<br />

marTalia, zemoT vTqvi, gazeTi erTi dRe cocxlobsmeTqi,<br />

magram Tqveni ganzrax namoqmedari Tu uneblie Secdoma<br />

im erTdRian gazeTSi iqneb sasamarTloebSi mravalTviani<br />

msjelobiTac ver gamoswordes.<br />

Tqveni momavali publicisturi naSromisTvis formis<br />

SerCeva mxolod Tqveni prerogativaa _ aseT davalebas<br />

dedamiwaze arc erTi redaqtori ar iZleva! amitom, Tu<br />

bewvis xidze gavla geeWvebaT, nu gairTulebT cxovrebas,<br />

nu dadebT sasworze Tqvens Jurnalistur reputacias _<br />

akeTeT ise, rogorc iciT, rogorc SegiZliaT.<br />

amqveynad uamravi codva-brali trialebs da uamravi<br />

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iseTi ramec xdeba, yuradRebis Rirsi rom ar aris. ironiis<br />

sagnad zogjer Zalze umniSvnelo movlenas an umniSvnelo<br />

pirovnebas irCeven. es aris Secdoma. ironia aris<br />

gamanadgurebeli iaraRi Wkviani da niWieri kacis xelSi.<br />

roca sazogadoebisTvis arafrismTqmel faqtze, an yovlad<br />

umniSvnelo adamianze, Tundac udaxvewilesi iumoriT,<br />

raimes dawerT, es beRurebze zarbaznebiT nadirobas<br />

hgavs da seriozul Jurnalists ar ekadreba. sxva saqmea,<br />

vin Seafasebs mniSvnelobis xarisxs, anu zustad vin gansaz-<br />

Rvravs, ra (vin) aris mniSvnelovani da ra (vin) _ ara. rTuli<br />

problemaa, magram gamosavali aris. magaliTad, aseTi:<br />

sanam am urTules Janrs SeeWidebodeT, kargad dafiqrdiT,<br />

SeZlebT Tu ara ase mZime tvirTis awevas.<br />

axla imazec davfiqrdeT, ra SeiZleba moxdes Tqveni<br />

umSvenieresi nawarmoebis gamoqveynebis Semdeg. ufro zustad<br />

_ gamoqveynebisTanave.<br />

ar aris gamoricxuli, rom Segaqon kidec _ warmoidgineT,<br />

JurnalistikaSi aseTi rameebic xdeba! magram ufro<br />

xSirad xdeba sxva ram _ Tqveni SesaniSnavi publicisturi<br />

naSromisa da yovlad keTilSobiluri ganzraxvis gamo<br />

lanZRva-ginebis iseT koriantels miiRebT, `sizmradac<br />

rom ar moglandebiaT.~ ras izamT, adamianebis umravlesobas<br />

iumoris grZnoba an ara aqvs, an Zalian daClungebuli<br />

aqvs. Tu ironiaze lanZRviT gpasuxoben, unda moiTminoT,<br />

an Seuracxmyofels sasamarTloSi uCivloT. aseT oponentTan<br />

presaSi kamaTs araviTari azri ara aqvs _ ueWvelad<br />

damarcxdebiT.<br />

ironia, misi simwaris miuxedavad, SeiZleba iyos da unda<br />

iyos kidec keTilganwyobili _ oponentis moqmedebaSi<br />

(naSromSi) Tqven mwared dasciniT mTavars da gulTbilad<br />

da yovlad seriozulad moixseniebT meorexarisxovans.<br />

imis garda, rom amiT mowinaaRmdegis erTgvar simpaTias<br />

imsaxurebT da mkiTxvelSi obieqturi kacis saxels ixveWT,<br />

ukan dasaxev gzasac itovebT.<br />

arsebobs meore gzac _ oponentis moqmedebaSi racionalurs<br />

verafers xedavT, an ar gindaT dainaxoT. amitom<br />

`qvas qvaze ar tovebT~, yvela xids wvavT da ukan dasaxev<br />

yvela gzas iWriT. davarqvaT amas pirobiTad `boroti iro-<br />

180

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nia~. nu gagikvirdebaT _ zogierTi movlena da zogierTi<br />

avtori alalad imsaxurebs `borot~, gamanadgurebel publicisturi<br />

Janris komentars.<br />

axla magaliTebsac SemogTavazebT. jer `keTilganwyobili~<br />

ironiuli publicistikisa, Semdeg _ `borotisa~.<br />

gruppenleqsi da Tanamedrove<br />

qarTuli avangarduli literatura<br />

soflis boloSi ki turebi ymuian nazad... (leqsidan<br />

`sikvdilis himni~)<br />

literaturis moyvarulebs saqme misalocad aqvT: jer<br />

kidev 1994 wels Tbilisis ivane javaxiSvilis* saxelobis<br />

universitetSi istoriis fakultetis studentis, sergi<br />

lomaZis iniciativiT Camoyalibebula leqs-jgufi `demoni~,<br />

romelic literaturaSi uzarmazari reformis gatarebas<br />

gvpirdeba. Tumca, reforma ras miqvia, `Cven SoTa rusTaveli<br />

unda SevcvaloT, saidumlo literatura gvaqvs, imas<br />

male gamovaqveynebT da mere naxeTo~, _ brZana Cvens korespondentTan<br />

saubarSi leqs-jgufis xelmZRvanelma.<br />

saidumlo literaturis gamoqveynebamde ki leqsjgufma<br />

gamosca wigni `demonis movlineba~. aq aris leqsebic,<br />

moTxrobebic, romanebic. mokled, wigni literaturis<br />

moyvarulebs Tu sruls ara, nawilobriv warmodgenas mainc<br />

Seuqmnis demonelebis jgufur Semoqmedebaze.<br />

me, ra Tqma unda, ver gavbedav leqs-jgufis wevrTa da<br />

wevr-korespondentTa Semoqmedebis daxasiaTebas. Semog-<br />

TavazebT oriode citatas wignis winasityvaobidan:<br />

`igi (kaxa bacikaZe) Tavisi leqsebis garandvaze ar<br />

zrunavs, _ es aris formiT daumuSavebeli, aradamakmayofileblad<br />

gariTmuli poeturi nimuSebi, magram maTSi<br />

unikaluradaa gamoyenebuli saocari xilvebi, romelnic<br />

miiltvian siyvarulis apoTeozisaken da caSi gadazrdilni<br />

maradisobas erTvian~.<br />

aq rom kaxa bacikaZe ar iyos naxsenebi, vifiqrebdi, es sityvebi,<br />

albaT, zurikela vaSalomiZem miswera Tavis merismeTqi.<br />

181

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gruppenleqsis (leqs-jgufis) mamas gansakuTrebiT moswons<br />

kaxas leqsebi `sikvdilis himni~ da `dae imefos qveynad<br />

demonma~...<br />

gTavazobT erT pasaJs sergi lomaZis aRmafrTovanebeli<br />

leqsidan `sikvdilis himni~: `saflavebi ixsneba, amodian<br />

axdili kuboebi gvamebiT da dafrinaven haerSi. virTxebi<br />

misevian sxeulis mimofantul nawilebs, raTa gamowovon<br />

rac SeiZleba bevri sisxli da gaiberon gaumaZRari<br />

muceli...~<br />

leqsisa ra mogaxsenoT, magram kaxa, Cemi azriT, ver<br />

erkveva medicinaSi _ virTxebi gvamebs sisxls woveno, rom<br />

ambobs, amas, aba, demonelebis garda romeli poeti daijerebs!<br />

sergi lomaZe: `poeti ar dakmayofilda marto leqsebiT.<br />

igi prozis sazRvrebSic SeiWra. aq kaxam Seqmna ori Sedevri:<br />

pirveli _ `silurje~ _ gandideba sworupovari siyvarulisa,<br />

da meore _ `alfredi _ adamiani, romlis cxovrebac<br />

legendad iqca~.<br />

me yuradRebiT wavikiTxe orive Sedevri (amas daaxloebiT<br />

10-12 wuTi sWirdeba) da SemiZlia Tamamad mogaxsenoT,<br />

rom kaxas am nawarmoebebSi aris yvelaferi: siyvaruli<br />

pirveli danaxvisTanave, Savi vardebis kona, alersi,<br />

satrfos moulodneli sikvdili, safeTqelze mibjenili<br />

dambaCa, atirebuli qva da misTanani: `Sors movisrole<br />

iaraRi da tiriliT davemxe miwas. gamaxsenda misi sityvebi:<br />

`netavi Toliebi viyoT!.. gavfrindebodiT sadme Sors,<br />

yvelaze karg adgilas, sadac SesaZlebelia simSvidisa da<br />

myudroebis povna. vicxovrebdiT CvenTvis bednierad da<br />

dros mxolod erTmaneTis siyvarulSi gavatarebdiT...~<br />

oh, ra mSvenieri da gulisamaCuyebeli sityvebia, magram<br />

isini xom ukve didi xania uTxra Tamuniam qristefores<br />

(eldar Sengelaias filmSi `Serekilebi~).<br />

msoflio literaturis istoria jgufuri Semoqmedebis<br />

arc ise bevr magaliTs icnobs: Zmebi grimebi, ilfi da<br />

petrovi, marqsi da engelsi... SoTa rusTavelic, daviT guramiSvilic*,<br />

vaJac da galaktionic* individualistebi<br />

iyvnen. erToblivad SeiZleba daiweros koleqtiuri saCivari<br />

saxlmmarTvelobaSi, Ria werili prezidentisadmi, sa-<br />

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samarTlos ganaCenic ki, magram ara literaturuli nawarmoebi.<br />

`demonelebis~ jgufuri poezia gaukuRmarTebuli<br />

leqsualuri urTierTobebis STabeWdilebas tovebs da<br />

ara avangardizmisa, rogorc es gruppenleqsis moyvarulebs<br />

warmoudgeniaT.<br />

wigns axlavs poet zaur kalandias bolosityva. batoni<br />

zauri, etyoba, didxans ekamaTa `avangardistebs~, magram<br />

veraferSi daarwmuna. `wignSi, qviSa-SlamTan erTad oqros<br />

namcecebia uxvad gabneuli, anu namdvili poeziac da es<br />

mawerinebs am bolosityvaso~, brZanebs zaur kalandia da<br />

marTalsac brZanebs. es sityvebic am wignidanaa: `tyeSi<br />

saRamo modis, frTebiT daburavs biliks, daRonebuli<br />

Woti iwyebs xeebTan qiliks~.<br />

samwuxarod, ar vici, romel `demons~ vuTxra madloba<br />

am mSvenieri leqsisTvis (`tyeSi~).<br />

samarTlianobisTvis isic unda iTqvas, rom rusTavelis<br />

`dammarxvel~ poetebs wakiTxuli unda hqondeT vaJafSavelas,<br />

galaktionis, terenti granelis* leqsebi da gi<br />

de mopasanis* romelime romanic ki (`tfilisis uwyebanis~<br />

informacia).<br />

ironiuli publicistikis nimuSi, romelsac axla<br />

SemogTavazebT, ekuTvnis Cems megobars, guram Samanids.<br />

igi SesaniSnavi eqimia, qirurgi. JurnalistikaSi arasodes<br />

umuSavia. `dawvi sveticxoveli...~ misi pirveli Jurnalisturi<br />

naSromi da... ironiuli (`boroti~) publicistikis<br />

nimuSia.<br />

guramma Semdeg kidev bevrjer daamtkica, rom misi pirveli<br />

publikacia cidan ar Camovardnila, rom mas marTlac<br />

mosdevs Zala qadilisa. Tumca, misi magaliTi maincdamainc<br />

misabaZi ar unda iyos _ im asakSi, roca guram Samanidma<br />

publicistikaSi Zalebis mosinjva daiwyo, Jurnalistebi,<br />

rogorc wesi, aqtiur saqmianobas Tavs anebeben da romanebis<br />

an memuarebis weras iwyeben. es ise vTqvi, Cemi Zveli<br />

megobris gasaRizianeblad. axla ki dapirebuli magaliTi,<br />

romelic meoce saukunis miwuruls saqarTvelos erT-erT<br />

umwvaves sakiTxs, erovnulobas exeba. ufro zustad, avtori<br />

savsebiT samarTlianad akritikebs cru-patriotizms.<br />

183

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dawvi sveticxoveli _ eri dagimaxsovrebs<br />

Ria werili Saros Samosgan<br />

Cemi guruli bebia ambobda: _ vityvi _ cudi var, arada,<br />

gavskdi gulzeo. hoda, gulze rom ar gavskde, ramdenime sityva<br />

unda vuTxra Cems ganswavlul sexnias, guram SaraZes.<br />

aRar mogbezrda, kaco, amdeni dava da Cxubi? sxva saqme<br />

ara gaqvs deputat kacs? Tu maincdamainc unda gaglaxos<br />

viRacam?<br />

an ra problemebi gawuxebs? jer iyo da, aliaqoTi atexe:<br />

ariqa, somexs pasportSi somexi CavuweroTo. mere _ Cveni<br />

relikviebi aravis vanaxoTo. axla ieRovelebs daerie da<br />

gawyvetas upireb.<br />

geyo ra, kaco! nu gadaWame am qarTvelobiT da qristianobiT<br />

qveyanas Tavi!<br />

viTom eris SenarCunebaze rom fiqrob, profesorma kacma<br />

xom unda icode, rom yvelam, visac Tavisi jiSi da jilagi<br />

ar uyvars, ukve didi xania gamoicvala gvari da bagrationi<br />

Tu ara, dadiani mainc gaxda?<br />

Cawere Saro! rac Sen gsurs, is Cawere pasportebSi! gind<br />

Cineli Camiwere. me visac vuyvarvar, mainc veyvarebi da kvlavac<br />

sololakeli Samo viqnebi.<br />

ra gaaWire saqme am `araqarTvelebiT~? gamagebine erTi,<br />

vin arian es araqarTvelebi? nuTu ver unda gaigo, Se swavlulo,<br />

Sena, rom somexi, rusi, azerbaijaneli da berZeni _<br />

somexi, rusi, azerbaijaneli da berZenia da araviTar Sem-<br />

TxvevaSi _ `araqarTveli~. veRar unda gaigo, rom am sityvam<br />

daaqcia saqarTvelo?<br />

sanam Sennairebi ar daiviwyeben sityva `araqarTvels~,<br />

manam iqneba saqarTveloSi separatizmic, centridanuli<br />

moZraobac da sxva aTasi ubedurebac.<br />

Sen Tu mogwons `Лицо кавказской национальности~-s rom<br />

geZaxian? ase Riziandeba sxvac, rodesac dadgebi da ber-<br />

Zens, russ, somexs `araqarTvels~ uwodeb, Se demokrato,<br />

Sena!<br />

rogor fiqrob, ra unda meweros pasportSi me, TbilisSi<br />

dabadebuls, imereli dedis, guruli bebiis, kaxeli co-<br />

184

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lis, megreli rZlis, imereli siZis, ori berZeni da erTi<br />

qarTveli SviliSvilis patrons, Romze da sulgunze gazrdils,<br />

qarTulad ganaTleba miRebul sololakel ber-<br />

Zens, visi mSobliuri enac qarTulia?<br />

aTasnairad ganmarteT erovnebis cneba Cvenma mecnierebma,<br />

magram arc erTs ar gagxsenebiaT didi rusi mecnieri<br />

vladimer dali (romelsac arc mama hyavda rusi da arc<br />

deda): `adamiani im erovnebas ekuTvnis, ra enazec fiqrobs<br />

da ra enazec sizmars xedavs~. iqneb vacaloT xalxs sizmari<br />

im enaze naxos, romelzec esizmreba? Tu, Seni sexnia petriaSviliviT,<br />

gsurs moelando xalxs sizmarSi da somexs<br />

sizmris qarTulad naxva aukrZalo? iqneb mivceT saSualeba<br />

adamians TviTon gansazRvros Tavisi erovneba pasportis<br />

miRebisas, rom Seni da Sennairebis SiSiT aRar icvalos<br />

xalxma gvari?<br />

sul ar minda, batono, pasporti!<br />

arsadac ar mivdivar!<br />

aq, Cems samSobloSi unda movkvde da sanam movkvdebi,<br />

gulze gagxeTqav imitom, rom Cemia es saqarTvelo!<br />

axla ieRovelebis Sesaxeb.<br />

Sennair naswavl kacTan (Tanac dokumentebi gayria jonjoliviT)<br />

es meore xarisxis adamiani (Seni azriT, Se azriano,<br />

Sena) polemikas rogor daviwyeb, mxolod erTs vityvi:<br />

pilates qriste rom ar ewamebina, SesaZloa, qristianoba<br />

dRes aravis gaxseneboda. rom ara jvarosnuli laSqrobebi,<br />

SesaZloa, islami ar yofiliyo dRes ase Zlieri...<br />

amgvari lozungebiT ginda eris gaerTianeba, Se patrioto,<br />

Sena? ar gamogiva, gena, ara. imitom, rom ar givarga<br />

ideologia. TviTon ar ici, ra ginda (deputatobis garda).<br />

iqneb kvali ginda datovo saqarTvelos istoriaSi? Sennairi<br />

gaqanebis kaci rom erma daimaxsovros, sul cota,<br />

sveticxoveli unda dawva*... Se herostrate, Sena.<br />

erovnebiT Tbiliseli,<br />

Seni sexnia guram Samanidi (Samo) (`dronis~ informacia).<br />

im dros `dronis~ redaqciaSi vmuSaobdi da danamdvilebiT<br />

vici, rom guram Samanidis werilis adresatma Tavi ise<br />

daiWira, TiTqos araferi momxdariyos _ araviTari pa-<br />

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suxis gacemis mcdeloba! profesorma SaraZem mSvenivrad<br />

icoda, rom misi argumentebi mxolod brbos uvicobaze<br />

iyo gaangariSebuli da seriozul kritikas ver gauZlebda.<br />

misi `patriotuli~ aqciebis erTaderTi mizani iafi popularobis<br />

moxveWa iyo. amitomac baton profesors misi moRvaweobis<br />

winaaRmdeg mimarTul TiTqmis arc erT seriozul<br />

kritikaze pasuxi ar gaucia.<br />

sanaqebo saqcielia, Tanac, amiT igi oponentebis ganiaraRebas<br />

axerxebda.<br />

kidev erTxel vimeoreb, Jurnalisturi publicistikis<br />

formebze (Canaxati, narkvevi, interviu, statia, informacia,<br />

polemika...) saubari pirobiTia. anu ar arsebobs raime<br />

mkacrad dadgenili sazRvrebi, romlis gadalaxva ar Sei-<br />

Zlebodes.<br />

axla oriode sityva Jurnalisturi publicistikis Sinaarsobriv<br />

mxarezec.<br />

am Janris naSromebi, Sinaarsis mixedviT, SeiZleba ase<br />

davalagoT:<br />

politikuri publicistika;<br />

mecnieruli publicistika;<br />

socialuri publicistika;<br />

umizno, anu cru publicistika.<br />

politikuri publicistika<br />

misi gansazRvrebidanac Cans, rom amgvar publicistur<br />

naSroms politikuri sarCuli udevs. SeiZleba Tamamad<br />

iTqvas, rom 1985 wlidan, anu e.w. `perestroikis~ epoqidan<br />

moyolebuli, msoflio socialistur sistemaSi, am sityvis<br />

pirdapiri gagebiT, ayvavda politikuri publicistika.<br />

`ayvavebulTa~ Soris, ra Tqma unda, erT-erTi `mowinave~<br />

saqarTveloc iyo.<br />

TavisTavad, politikuri publicistika Zalian farTo<br />

cnebaa. aq igulisxmeba saxelisuflo, opoziciuri, saSinao,<br />

sagareo, ekonomikuri, kulturuli da a.S. politika.<br />

CamoTvlili sferoebi SegviZlia kidev ufro davakonkretoT,<br />

miRebuli _ kidev davakonkretoT da ase Semdeg.<br />

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magram, vfiqrob, ase dawvrilmaneba aucilebeli ar unda<br />

iyos, yovel SemTxvevaSi, im adamianisTvis, vinc Tundac es<br />

wigni am gverdamde waikiTxa.<br />

politikuri publicistikis usazRvro popularoba<br />

msoflio politikuri sistemis Zirfesvianma reorganizaciam<br />

gamoiwvia. oTxmociani wlebis SuaSi deklarirebul<br />

sityvis Tavisuflebas uzarmazari msoflio socialisturi<br />

sistemis rRveva mohyva. Seicvala azrovnebis kriteriumebi.<br />

is, rac jer kidev guSin uryev WeSmaritebad miaCndaT<br />

(magaliTad, leninizmi, an warmoebis socialisturi<br />

wesi), dRes yovlad Cveulebrivi sicrue da demagogia aRmoCnda.<br />

bunebrivia, gamoCndnen publicistebi, romlebic<br />

siaxlis gaazrebas, uxeSad rom vTqvaT, `masebamde dayvanas~<br />

cdilobdnen da isinic, vinc am siaxles TavgamodebiT<br />

ewinaaRmdegebodnen.<br />

politikuri publicistikis umTavresi mizani da daniSnuleba<br />

sazogadoebis swori politikuri orientaciis Camoyalibebaa.<br />

jer kidev guSin erTpartiul saqarTveloSi,<br />

Tavisuflebis pirvelive weliwads 150-mde politikuri<br />

partia da, Sesabamisad, `qveynis gadarCenis~ amdenive koncefcia<br />

gaCnda. aman, bunebrivia, ukiduresad daabnia 70<br />

wlis ganmavlobaSi politikur cxovrebas CamoSorebuli<br />

sazogadoeba. es aisaxa qveynis politikuri xelmZRvanelobis<br />

moqmedebazec. Zalian xSirad es moqmedeba arsebuli<br />

sinamdvilisadmi araadekvatur damokidebulebaSi gamoixateboda.<br />

sazogadoebaSi, mis elitarul nawilSic ki gaiRviZa<br />

qvena, cru-patriotulma grZnobebma _ Sovinizmma,<br />

qsenofobiam, nacionalizmma (am terminis yvelaze uxamsi<br />

gagebiT), sisastikem, TavaSvebulobam...<br />

ra Tqma unda, maSinve dadga am antisazogadoebriv movlenebTan<br />

brZolis aucileblobac. ufro zustad, brZolis<br />

ideologiuri safuZvlis Seqmnis aucilebloba.<br />

swored mwvave politikurma problematikam Sva mwvave,<br />

magram zogjer brwyinvale politikuri publicistikis<br />

nimuSebi. da ase iqneba mudam, vidre sazogadoebaSi iqneba<br />

politikuri problemebi. anu ase iqneba mudam, vidre saxelmwifo<br />

iarsebebs.<br />

187

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Cven vakanonebdiT uzneobas<br />

mkvdris aCrdilTan vin icinis,<br />

mkvdris aCrdilTan vin ixumrebs?<br />

galaktioni<br />

zneoba davkargeT.<br />

igi mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi nel-nela, SeumCnevlad<br />

gvecleboda xelidan da yuradRebas ar vaqcevdiT. gvegona,<br />

danakargi arc ise mniSvnelovani iyo da erovnuli xelisuflebis<br />

gamarjvebisTanave yvelaferi Tavis adgilas<br />

dadgeboda.<br />

gavbedav SegaxsenoT, ra aRviraxsnili antiosuri da antiafxazuri<br />

kampaniebi mimdinareobda qarTul presaSi. samwuxarod,<br />

Cvens Soris ar aRmoCnda kaci, vinc win aRudgeboda<br />

am ugunurebas. Sedegi cnobilia _ civilizebuli<br />

msoflios winaSe Cven, uZvelesi kulturis matarebeli qarTveli<br />

xalxi warvdeqiT mCagvrelebad, mkvlelebad, barbarosebad.<br />

am SemTxvevaSi ara aqvs mniSvneloba, vis mxares<br />

iyo simarTle. mTavaria, rom Cven (anu Cvenma xelisuflebam)<br />

ver movaxerxeT da arc movindomeT problemis civilizebuli,<br />

adamianuri meTodebiT gadaWra. Cven wavuyrueT araqarTvelTa<br />

(gansakuTrebiT, osTa) devnas saqarTveloSi. maT<br />

binebidan asaxlebdnen, samsaxuridan iTxovdnen, saqarTvelos<br />

teritoriidan aZevebdnen. Cven ki vdumdiT. gvegona,<br />

yvelaferi amiT damTavrdeboda da uzneobis msaxvrali<br />

xeli Cven ar Segvexeboda. Tavs vimarTlebdiT, rom `qarTvelTa<br />

istoriulma mterma~ daimsaxura aseTi mopyroba.<br />

maincdamainc arc maSin aRvSfoTebulvarT, roca qarTvelTa<br />

raRac msoflio istoriul misiaze daiwyo laparaki;<br />

roca kaci, prezidenti, romelsac jerac araferi Seeqmna<br />

sasikeTo, mesiad, RmerTad gamovacxadeT; roca davafuZneT<br />

yavisferi organizacia _ `erovnuli ideologiis asociacia~;<br />

roca pirvelad sajarod daviwyeT prezidentisadmi<br />

siyvarulis axsna (mere SejibrebaSi rom gadaizarda); roca<br />

quCebs da moednebs, mTel saqarTvelos moedo erTsulovani<br />

ovaciebi: `zvi-a-di!~ `zvi-a-di!~ roca ministrebad<br />

uvic da saeWvo reputaciis adamianebs vniSnavdiT...<br />

Cven vakanonebdiT uzneobas.<br />

188

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vxedavdiT, ra kategoriis xalxi etmasneboda xelisuflebas<br />

da mainc mSvidad viyaviT. axla vgrZnobT, rom maSin<br />

vcdebodiT, magram kvlav mSvidad vuyurebT, rogor etmasneba<br />

igive xalxi axal xelisuflebas. vxedavT, ra pretenziebi<br />

aqvT uRirs adamianebs, magram pirSi wyals vigubebT<br />

_ vaiTu, rame moxdes!<br />

is adamianebi, guSin rom diTirambebs umRerodnen kompartias,<br />

saswrafod `gadaewyvnen~ prezident gamsaxurdias<br />

hangze, axla ki aSkarad, sindisis qenjnis gareSe TvalebSi<br />

Sescicineben droebiT mTavrobas da samxedro sabWos. vici,<br />

isini gaitanen Tavisas da Cven kvlav gavCumdebiT, vidre sasikvdilo<br />

safrTxes ar davinaxavT.<br />

nuravis nurafers nu davabralebT: uzneobas Cven Tvi-<br />

Ton vuwyobdiT xels.<br />

ukve gaismis damarcxebuli prezidentis kritika da<br />

Zageba, sakuTar `damsaxurebaTa~ warmoCena imisgan, vinc,<br />

zneoba rom hqondes, xmis amoRebas ver unda bedavdes.<br />

gamarjvebuli opozicia ukve xelisuflebad iqca da<br />

igi iwyebs im pirTa vinaobis garkvevas, visac daekisreba<br />

pasuxismgebloba momxdaris gamo. pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba<br />

diaxac saWiroa, magram sad aris garantia, rom WeSmaritebis<br />

dadgenisa da aRdgenis sababiT angariSsworeba<br />

ar daiwyeba? RmerTma nu qnas da, Tu marTla aseTi ram moxda,<br />

(sxvaTa Soris, amas, albaT Tavisda uneburad, xels uwyoben<br />

yofili prezidentis Tavgadakluli momxreebi), mere<br />

Zneli iqneba mtyuan-marTlis garCeva. bodiSs ki vixdi, magram<br />

me arc morCilebas SeCveuli qarTuli presis imedi<br />

maqvs da arc yvela mTavrobis saeWvod erTguli qarTuli<br />

marTlmsajulebisa.<br />

uaxloes momavalSi ueWvelad daiwyeba momxdaris iuridiuli<br />

da politikuri Sefasebis mcdelobac, anu imis<br />

garkveva, ra iyo es: putCi, samxedro gadatrialeba, saxalxo<br />

amboxi, revolucia Tu sxva ram. Cemi azriT, formalurad<br />

yvela am gansazRvrebis damtkiceba SesaZlebelia.<br />

ra Tqma unda, gamarjvebulTa ideologebi Seecdebian<br />

daamtkicon, rom es iyo saxalxo amboxi, romelmac daamxo<br />

totalitaruli reJimi. amgvari daskvnis sawinaaRmdego,<br />

cxadia, araferi maqvs imis garda, rom, Cemi azriT, amis<br />

189

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garkvevisTvis Tavis Sewuxeba ar Rirs: ara aqvs araviTari<br />

mniSvneloba, ra iyo es _ yofili prezidentisTvis ase<br />

sayvareli `putCi~, gadatrialeba, amboxi Tu revolucia.<br />

momxdaris sazogadoebrivi sargeblianoba momavalma unda<br />

gaarkvios. Tu Cven SevZlebT samarTlebrivi, humanuri,<br />

ekonomikurad Zlieri saxelmwifos aSenebas, maSin marTlac<br />

ara aqvs mniSvneloba dRes momxdaris iuridiuli safuZvlis<br />

garkvevas. dro (da ara `droni~, rogorc brZanebda<br />

telekomentatori sokolovi) gamogvitans msjavrs. xolo<br />

Tu xelisuflebaSi kvlav mova batoni gamsaxurdia (rac<br />

Zlier saeWvoa), maSin Zalze bevrs ar ascdeba rozgi da<br />

saxrCobela; anu momxdari uTuod `putCad~ Sefasdeba.<br />

saqarTvelo jer kidev Relavs da boboqrobs. kvlav gaismis<br />

srolis xma. kvlav TareSoben sxvaTa ubedurebaze xelis<br />

moTbobis motrfiale kriminaluri bandebi. `demokratiisTvis<br />

Tavdadebuli~ moqalaqeebi kvlav iWyitebian damwvardanaxSirebul<br />

SenobebSi, vinZlo rame sakbilo iSovon..<br />

uvneblad gadarCenili didi ilia da akaki naRvlianad<br />

gahyureben gapartaxebul rusTavelis prospeqts,<br />

tyviadaxlil qaSueTis gumbaTs. vin icis, rogor tanjavs<br />

maT wminda sulebs TanamedroveTa ugunureba (`dronis~<br />

informacia).<br />

politikuri publicistikis kidev erT nimuSs Semog-<br />

TavazebT. gTxovT, yuradReba miaqcioT, rom igi dawerilia<br />

2004 wlis TebervalSi. es is droa, roca saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa<br />

umravlesoba Gjer kidev zeimobs `vardebis revoluciis~<br />

triumful gamarjvebas. man jer kidev ar icis, ra<br />

borotebadD Semoubrundeba igi xval. modi, nu davZraxavT<br />

amisTvis xalxs _ igi xom cvlilebebisken mudam umoklesi<br />

gziT siarulis momxrea da Tanac mudam `karg~ beladze ocnebobs!<br />

albaT, amis brali unda iyos, rom maSin am werilis<br />

gamoqveyneba weliwadze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi ver moxerxda.<br />

bolos mainc `saqarTvelos respublikam~ gabeda. gabeda<br />

da mere rogor _ rubrikiT `axali politikuri leqsikoni~<br />

werilebis mTeli seria gamoaqveyna: profanus, conformis, praesumpcio,<br />

agonia, kontrabando, bluff, demagogia, lingua, concordia, manipulatio,<br />

plebs, populus da ase Semdeg, sul ocamde werili!<br />

am Janris dapirebuli werilis saTauria:<br />

190

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REVOLUTION<br />

revolucia franguli sityvaa da Zirfesvian gardatexas,<br />

erTi xarisxobrivi mdgomareobidan sxva xarisxobriv<br />

mdgomareobaSi naxtomisebur gadasvlas<br />

niSnavs. am terminis xseneba, upirveles yovlisa,<br />

safrangeTis da ruseTis revoluciebis, samoqalaqo<br />

omebis, terorisa da represiebis, gmirebisa da beladebis<br />

asociaciebs iwvevs.<br />

socialur revoluciebs Tavisi mkvlevar Teoretikosebi<br />

hyavs. sakmarisia gavixsenoT maratis* `usasrulo revoluciiis~<br />

Teoria, marqsis msoflio revolucia,~ leninis<br />

`lokaluri revolucia,~ (socialuri revoluciis erT<br />

qveyanaSi gamarjvebis SesaZlebloba), ernesto Ce revaras*<br />

`revoluciis eqsporti~ da a. S. bolo periodSi amas daemata<br />

e.w. usisxlo anu xaverdovani revoluciebis Teoria,<br />

romelmac saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi `vardebis revoluciis~<br />

saxeli miiRo.<br />

egreT wodebuli `mesame samyaros~ qveynebis mmarTvelebs<br />

moswondaT da moswonT revoluciis darqmeva im movlenebisTvis,<br />

romelTa wyalobiT isini xelisuflebis saTaveSi<br />

mividnen. CvenTanac asea _ revolucia daerqva 1990<br />

wlis oqtombris arCevnebs, ris Sedegadac xelisuflebaSi<br />

zviad gamsaxurdia da misi `mrgvali magida~ mivida; revolucia<br />

daerqva 1991 wlis dekembrisa da 1992 wlis ianvris<br />

movlenebs, roca orkviriani samxedro dapirispirebis<br />

Semdeg mrgvalebis xelisufleba daemxo da xelisuflebis<br />

saTaveSi sigua-kitovani-ioselianis sameuli aRmoCnda;<br />

revoluciad moinaTla SevardnaZis gadadgoma da xelisuflebaSi<br />

saakaSvili-burjanaZe-Jvanias* axali sameulis aRz<br />

ev eba 2003 wlis 23 noembers.<br />

saqarTvelos revoluciuri xelisuflebis Zalian bevrma<br />

warmomadgenelma asakis gamo, bunebrivia, arc revoluciebis<br />

istoria icis da arc meoce saukunis oTxmociani<br />

wlebidan saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli movlenebi axsovs.<br />

amitom maT gasagonad da sxvebisTvis Sesaxseneblad istoriaSi<br />

mcire mogzauroba urigo ar iqneba.<br />

modi, vendoT `revoluciis~ enciklopediur ganmarte-<br />

191

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as da vaRiaroT, rom es aris sazogadoebis erTi xarisxobrivi<br />

mdgomareobidan meoreSi naxtomiseburi gadasvla.<br />

nebismier dapirispirebas xalxis monawileobiT (an umisod)<br />

mxolod maSin SeiZleba vuwodoT revolucia, Tu Sedegad<br />

miviReT Zvelisgan radikalurad gansxvavebuli sakanonmdeblo,<br />

mmarTvelobiTi sistemuri cvlilebebi. nu dagvaviwydeba,<br />

rom qveyanaSi ganviTarebul movlenebs, sisxlians<br />

Tu xaverdovans, saxeli unda daarqvas istoriam.<br />

istoria, saerTod, kargi maswavlebelia niWieri da<br />

dainteresebuli mowafisaTvis. magaliTad, istoria gvamcnobs,<br />

rom maqsimilian robespieri, araseli advokati, 34<br />

wlisa iakobinuri moZraobis didi lideri gaxda, 35 wlisa<br />

_ safrangeTis didi revoluciis sulisCamdgmeli da iakobinuri<br />

xelisuflebis meTauri. gamarjvebuli xalxis<br />

kerpi da amave xalxis absoluturi umravlesobis mxardaWeriT<br />

gulmocemuli robespieri, frangi xalxis saxeliT,<br />

frangi xalxis sakeTTildReod da frangi xalxis<br />

moTxovniT (daukvirdiT!) yoveldRe aTeulobiT adamians<br />

gzavnida giliotinaze. sxvaTa Soris, iakobinelTa revoluciuri<br />

tribunalis msxverplad iqcnen ara marto maTi<br />

ideuri mowinaaRmdege Jirondistebi, aramed maTive guSindeli<br />

mokavSire `cofianebic~ _ ukiduresi memarcxeneebi,<br />

frangi mSromeli xalxis interesebisaTvis Tavgadakluli<br />

mebrZolebi. aRarafers vambob samefo ojaxisa da, saer-<br />

Tod, aristokratiisadmi gamoCenil saRi gonebisaTvis miuwvdomel<br />

sisastikeze da angariSsworebis meTodebze.<br />

ai, ras wers aleqsandre diuma-mama* Tavis erT-erT romantikul<br />

moTxrobaSi (`aTasi da erTi Rame~):<br />

`sabralo ugunurebs (revolucionerebs! T. Qq.) ar esmodaT,<br />

rom adamianebs zogjer SeuZliaT Secvalon momavali,<br />

magram arasodes ar SeuZliaT Secvalon warsuli...<br />

did kirian ormoSi erTad unda CaeyaraT Zvlebi im adamianebisa,<br />

vinc safrangeTisgan Seqmna msoflios upirvelesi<br />

nacia, Zvlebi safrangeTis monarqebisa dagoberidan<br />

liudovik meTxuTmetemde.<br />

am saSualebiT moiges brbos guli. gansakuTrebuli kmayofileba<br />

ki mianiWes kanonmdeblebs, advokatebs da RvarZlian<br />

Jurnalistebs _ revoluciis mtacebel frinvelebs...<br />

192

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is adamianebi, visac ar SeuZliaT iamayon SenebiT, amayoben<br />

ngreviT~.<br />

dRes, qarTuli `vardebis revoluciidan~ oriode Tvis<br />

Semdeg, rac am werilSi ukve vTqvi da ris Tqmasac mis dam-<br />

Tavrebamde movaswreb, iqneb cota gaugebari iyos, magram<br />

gasagebi iqneba xval, roca vardebs surnelovani foTlebi<br />

dascviva da mis Reroze giliotinasaviT daundobeli<br />

eklebi darCeba.<br />

Tu ar miwyenT, erT patara komentars gagacnobT 1952<br />

wels gamocemuli `didi sabWoTa enciklopediidan:~ `diumas<br />

romanebi ar gamoirCeva Rrma SinaarsiT da amaxinjebs<br />

istoriul sinamdviles.~<br />

komentars, albaT, Tavs uCemodac gaarTmevT. me mxolod<br />

SegaxsenebT, rom `didi sabWoTa enciklopediis~ gamocemis<br />

iniciatori da sulisCamdgmeli iyo ioseb stalini, udidesi<br />

diqtatori msoflio istoriaSi, iakobinelTa sulieri<br />

memkvidre.<br />

davubrundeT istorias.<br />

iakobinelTa ltolva cvlilebebisadmi ise didi iyo,<br />

rom welTaRricxvac ki Tavidan daiwyes. aseTia revoluciis<br />

buneba _ manamde arsebuls Yyvelafers Slis da<br />

anadgurebs.<br />

Tumca, movlenebi istoriis usastikesi logikis Sesabamisad<br />

ganviTarda: revoluciis meore wlis cxra Termidors<br />

(1794 wlis 27 ivliss) frangma xalxma iakobinelTa<br />

diqtatura daamxo.<br />

maqsimilian da ogiust robespierebma, kutonma, demulenma<br />

da safrangeTis didi revoluciis bevrma sxva<br />

beladma (ori kviriT adre logins mijaWvuli `usasrulo<br />

revoluciis~ mama marati Sarlota kordem xanjliT<br />

aCexa, xolo robespieris uaxloesi megobari, dantoni,<br />

robespierisve konventis gadawyvetilebiT sikvdiliT<br />

dasajes) sicocxle giliotinaze daamTavres.<br />

iurist maqsimilian robespiers im wlis maisSi 36<br />

weli Seusrulda.<br />

safrangeTis xelisuflebis saTaveSi triumfiT mivida<br />

axalgazrda ambiciuri korsikeli artileriis generali,<br />

uniWieresi napoleon bonaparte*.<br />

193

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frangma xalxma, vinc manamde uyoymanod uWerda mxars<br />

Jirondistebs, iakobinelebs Tu `cofianebs~, axal beladad<br />

napoleoni airCia da revoluciidan aTi wlis Tavze<br />

jer kidev guSin saTayvano safrangeTis respublika safrangeTis<br />

imperiaSi gacvala. xolo kidev aTiode wlis Semdeg<br />

erT dros RmerTad Seracxuli imperatori napoleoni<br />

samSoblodan gandevna da safrangeTi kvlav burbonTa dinastias*<br />

Caabara.<br />

rusma bolSevikebmac xalxis saxeliT, xalxis moTxovniT<br />

da xalxisve sakeTildReod Seqmnes uzarmazari represiuli<br />

aparati, daamyares arnaxuli masStabebis revoluciuri<br />

(wiTeli) terori, sakuTar QqveyanaSi sisxlis mdinareebi<br />

adines da did-patara beladebis mTeli galerea Seqmnes.<br />

maTac safuZvlianad daangries yvelaferi, rac warsuls<br />

ukavSirdeboda, maTac dedabudianad amoJlites rusuli<br />

aristokratia samefo ojaxis CaTvliT... ufro Sorsac wavidnen<br />

_ Seqmnes savaldebulo religia leninizmis saxiT<br />

da Seecadnen, adamianis arsebidan samudamod ganedevnaT<br />

RmerTis xateba.<br />

maT es nawilobriv SeZles kidec.<br />

komunisturma diqtaturam samocdaaT weliwadze met<br />

xans ibogina da dedamiwis TiTqmis naxevarze istoriis<br />

kanonzomieri ganviTareba mravali aTeuli wliT Seaferxa.<br />

imasac nu daviviwyebT, rom ioseb stalini, erT-erTi<br />

usastikesi diqtatori msoflio istoriaSi, xalxis usaz-<br />

Rvro ndobiT sargeblobda, mas, ubralod, aRmerTebdnen;<br />

masze leqsebs da romanebs werdnen; filmebs iRebdnen;<br />

masze loculodnen; Zeglebs da muzeumebs, mokled, sakulto<br />

nagebobebs ugebdnen...<br />

sxvaTa Soris, sabWoTa istoriografia mTlad revoluciurad<br />

Tu ara, revoluciis winaprad mainc miiCnevda<br />

monebis ajanyebas spartakis* meTaurobiT da glexTa ajanyebas<br />

emelian pugaCovis* meTaurobiT. qarTul sabWoTa<br />

istoriografias revoluciis rangSi ahyavda glexTa ajanyeba<br />

samegreloSi utu miqavas* meTaurobiT.<br />

Tumca, Tavi davaneboT Soreul warsuls da im periods<br />

davubrundeT, roca xalxi xelebs ukovnida `RvTisgan movlenil~<br />

zviad gamsaxurdias _ mesias, mxsnels, belads, did<br />

194

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winamZRols. xelisuflebis saTaveSi misvlidan sul raRac<br />

cameti Tvis Semdeg ki igive xalxi tyvias esroda guSindel<br />

saTayvano gmirs. muxlebze daCoqilma xalxma Tavis droze<br />

Sendoba Txova eduard SevardnaZes da saprezidento ar-<br />

CevnebSi mas Tavisi xmebis 97 procenti uboZa.<br />

xuTiode wlis Semdeg, vardebiT SeiaraRebulma imave<br />

xalxma daamxo SevardnaZis xelisufleba da Tavisi xmebis<br />

97 procenti axal gmirs, mixeil saakaSvils gadauloca...<br />

`mixeili, miSa saakaSvili Seiyvara qarTvelma xalxma ise<br />

Zlierad, rogorc didi xania mas aravin yvarebia. erovnuli<br />

gmiri enatreboda saqarTvelos, gamarjvebis momtani<br />

gmiri enatreboda saqarTvelos da man miiRo igi...~<br />

`masSi Tavmoyrilia qarTvelisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli<br />

saukeTeso Tvisebebi _ patriotizmi, Tavganwirva, vaJkacoba,<br />

siyvaruli da gmiroba. am Tvisebebis afiSireba moxda<br />

xaverdovani revoluciis dros. amitom Seiyvara igi mTelma<br />

saqarTvelom. ar meguleba saqarTveloSi meore politikosi,<br />

romelic xalxs ase eyvareba...~<br />

`mixeil saakaSvili vaJkacuri bunebis da mebrZoli sulis<br />

adamiania. ganaTlebuli, erudirebuli, sworupovari<br />

politikosia...~<br />

`mixeil saakaSvili jer saqarTvelos, mere ki amerikis<br />

SeerTebuli Statebis prezidenti gaxdeba... masSi Serwymulia<br />

stalinis, SevardnaZis da gamsaxurdias fenomenebi...~<br />

es gamonaTqvamebi Tanamedrove (2004 wlis dasawyisi.<br />

red.) qarTuli gazeTebidanaa amoRebuli.<br />

mTeli Cveni ubedureba is aris, rom saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs<br />

agvirCevia ara prezidenti _ xalxis msaxuri,<br />

aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis meTauri, aramedDgmiri,<br />

sworupovari politikosi, mokled _ beladi. amitom gasakviri<br />

sulac ar unda iyos, Tu es `kargi biWi~, miSa saakaSvili<br />

Tavis politikas warmarTavs ara rogorc demokratiuli<br />

qveynis prezidenti, aramed rogorc tomis beladi<br />

_ ganaTlebuli, energiuli, evropul enebze molaparake,<br />

magram mainc tomis beladi. metic, istoriis ganviTarebis<br />

kanonzomierebidan gamomdinare, SemiZlia asprocentiani<br />

albaTobiT vivaraudo, rom saakaSvili da misi gundi uax-<br />

195

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loes momavalSi, xvalve, Zalauflebis srul uzurpacias<br />

Seecdeba da moaxerxebs kidec.<br />

davubrundeT citatebs, romlebic aq mxolod gmirze da<br />

beladze salaparakod ar momitania. saqme is gaxlavT, rom<br />

zustad es sityvebi, zustad am pativcemuli gvamebis piridan<br />

ukve iTqva sxva `sworupovari politikosis, evropuli<br />

enebis ubadlo mcodnis, uflis mier mironcxebuli gmiris,<br />

beladis~ misamarTiT. misi saxeli iyo zviad gamsaxurdia,<br />

vinc devnilobaSi, samegrelos Soreul sofelSi dalia<br />

tanjuli suli.<br />

cota ufro Sorsac Tu gavixedavT, mSobeli xalxisgan<br />

aseTi da kidev ufro gulisamaCuyebeli epiTetebi miuRiaT<br />

lavrenti berias, adolf hitlers, mao Ze duns*, muamar<br />

kadafis*, sadam huseins*, fidel kastros*, xo Si mins da<br />

mraval sxvas. samwuxarod, am da sxva `xalxis rCeuli beladebisgan~<br />

demokratiuli principebisadmi erTguleba<br />

da pativiscema ar gamigia.<br />

albaT, dadga dro isic vikiTxoT, iyo Tu ara 2003 wlis<br />

noembris movlenebi revolucia. amis gasarkvevad, gTxovT,<br />

kidev erTxel davubrundeT revoluciis enciklopediur<br />

ganmartebas. waikiTxeT? _ ese igi, naxtomiseburi gadasvla<br />

da Tvisobrivad axali sakanonmdeblo, mmarTvelobiTi<br />

sistemuri cvlilebebi.<br />

Cvens SemTxvevaSi, samwuxarod, sazogadoebis marTvis<br />

sistemaSi, araviTari siaxle (miT ufro _ progresuli!)<br />

ar SeiniSneba. is faqti, rom Zveli `proSevardnaZistuli~<br />

kadrebi saakaSvilis erTgulma kadrebma Secvala, axals<br />

da progresuls arafers niSnavs. marTalia, siaxleebis<br />

molodinSia kanonmdebloba, magram am `siaxleebs~ kargad<br />

daviwyebuli Zvelic ki ar SeiZleba daerqvas. es aris<br />

nabiji prezidentis Zalauflebis ganmtkicebisaken. Tu batoni<br />

prezidentis, Sinagan saqmeTa ministris, generaluri<br />

prokuroris zogierT yovlad upasuxismgeblo gancxadebas<br />

gaviTvaliswinebT, sul male iqneb didi sabWoTa samar-<br />

Talmcodne, prokurori da mosamarTle, akademikosi andrei<br />

ianuarieviC viSins*ki sanatreli gagvixdes.<br />

araviTari miniSnebac ki prokuraturis, Sinagan saqmeTa<br />

da uSiSroebis saministroebis samarTlebriv reformebze.<br />

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jerjerobiT, saubaria mxolod kanonebis gasastikebaze.<br />

Tanac yovlad vulgaruli formiT da udables profesiul<br />

doneze.<br />

jerjerobiT, aris mxolod prezidentisTvis ganusaz-<br />

Rvreli uflebebis miniWebis Tavgamodebuli mcdelobebi<br />

TviT konstituciis msxverplad Sewirvis xarjze.<br />

jerjerobiT, mxolod sakadro cvlilebebi: Zveleburad,<br />

komunisturad, piradi megobrobis, erTgulebisa da<br />

partiuli kuTvnilebis niSniT. Tanac, am megobrobisa da<br />

erTgulebis xarisxs gansazRvravs erTaderTi adamiani _<br />

prezidenti saakaSvili.<br />

jerjerobiT, mxolod xmauriani dapatimrebebi, rac Zalian<br />

hgavs SevardnaZis antikorufciuli kampaniis pirveli<br />

etapis dasawyiss Soreul 1992 wels.<br />

aqedan gamomdinare, Tavisuflad SegviZlia davaskvnaT,<br />

rom 2003 wlis 23 noembers saqarTveloSi araviTari revolucia<br />

ar yofila. ubralod, gacilebiT ufro niWierma re-<br />

Jisorma (vTqvaT, jorj sorosma) 1991 wlis scenaris mixedviT<br />

dadga axali speqtakli mTavari rolebis axali Semsruleblebis<br />

monawileobiT: SevardnaZiseuli `moqalaqeTa<br />

kavSiris~ erTma (axalgazrdulma) frTam daamxo meore. anu<br />

es iyo sasaxlis gadatrialeba xalxis masebis monawileobiT<br />

da seiris mayurebelTa TanxlebiT.<br />

baton sorosze gamaxsenda: swored man savsebiT<br />

gulwrfelad da mTeli msoflios gasagonad ganacxada,<br />

rom misma fondma saqarTveloSi daafinansa aqcia, romelic<br />

SarSan, 23 noembers Zlevamosilad dagvirgvinda.<br />

igive gaimeora aSS-is saxelmwifo mdivanma kolin pauelmac.<br />

vfiqrob, am pativcemuli jentlmenebisadmi undoblobis<br />

sababi ar unda gvqondes.<br />

bunebrivad Cndeba kiTxva _ maS, ratom irqmeven revolucioneris<br />

arcTu saxarbielo saxels saakaSvili da misi<br />

gundi?<br />

isev xalxi unda gavixsenoT.<br />

nebsiT Tu uneblied, saakaSvili da misi gundi moqmedebda<br />

da moqmedebs xalxis saxeliT. man amomrCeveli unda<br />

daarwmunos, rom xalxis nebis aRmsrulebelia. amis Tqmis<br />

ufleba rom moepovebina, revoluciurad ganwyobili, met-<br />

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ic, TavganwirvisTvis mzad myofi xalxis winamZRoli unda<br />

gamxdariyo. jorj sorosis fuliT, riCardD mailsis (im periodSi<br />

aSS elCi saqarTveloSi. red.) gegmiT, amerikis kongresis<br />

mxardaWeriTa da saakaSvilis gundis xeliT es operacia<br />

warmatebiT ganxorcielda kidec. am scenarSi, rogorc<br />

yovelTvis istoriaSi, xalxi iyo `masovka~, sazarbazne<br />

xorci. iyo, ra Tqma unda, vardebic. ar yofila srola<br />

da msxverpli _ bednieri SemTxvevis gamo da imis gamoc,<br />

rom aseTi ram scenarSi gaTvaliswinebuli ar yofila.<br />

rac mTavaria, revolucia saakaSvils da mis gunds<br />

imitom xiblavs, rom am terminiT am codvil miwaze cnobili<br />

Yyvela siavis da sisaZaglis gamarTleba SeiZleba _<br />

teroris, represiebis, siduxWiris, usamarTlobis, uzneobis<br />

da, ra Tqma unda, diqtaturisac _ revoluciis<br />

monapovars xom dacva unda (lenini)!<br />

xalxisve sakeTildReod, rasakvirvelia.<br />

revolucia Zalian, Zalian saSiSi movlenaa. TviT xaverdovani,<br />

usisxlo revoluciac ki, radgan igi diqtaturis<br />

mSobeli dedaa (~saqarTvelos respublikis` informacia).<br />

vfiqrob, saintereso unda iyos imis aRniSvna, rom or<br />

Tveze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi, vidre `saqarTvelos respublikaSi~<br />

revoluciuri xelisuflebis ukiduresad mwvave<br />

kritikis Semcveli statiebi qveyndeboda, arc redaqcias,<br />

arc avtors saxelisuflo wreebidan aravin Sexmianebia _<br />

araviTari protesti! piradad prezidenti da revoluciuri<br />

xelisuflebis umaRlesi eSelonebis warmomadgenlebi<br />

trabaxobdnen kidec, rom isini presisgan amgvar Semotevebs<br />

uZlebdnen. metic, am viTarebas saqarTveloSi presis<br />

Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis, qveyanaSi demokratizmis<br />

damkvidrebis gamoxatulebad asaRebdnen.<br />

sinamdvileSi, rogorc, albaT, Tavadac mixvdiT, es iyo<br />

damoukidebeli mediis sruli ugulebelyofisa da egreT<br />

wodebuli `saxelisuflo mediis~ Seqmnisken gadadgmuli<br />

kargad gaTvlili nabiji. sul male xelisuflebam mTeli<br />

qarTuli mediasivrcis monopolizeba moaxerxa. Jurnalistebis<br />

erTi didi nawili, gansakuTrebiT, teleJurnalistebi<br />

_ gadaibira, danarCenze xeli Caiqnia. esec revoluciis<br />

bunebidan momdinareobs. samwuxarod, Ratakma qar-<br />

198

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Tulma Jurnalistikam xelisuflebis amgvar TviTnebobas<br />

winaaRmdegoba ver gauwia.<br />

Tumca, am saWirboroto Temaze ufro dawvrilebiT ma-<br />

Sin vilaparakoT, roca politikis da Jurnalistikis urTierTobas<br />

SevexebiT.<br />

manamde ki, modi, erTi patara eqsperimenti CavataroT:<br />

me SemogTavazebT gazeT `saqarTvelos respublikaSi~<br />

gamoqveynebul statias, Tqven ki igi romelime Janris Car-<br />

CoebSi moaqcieT, rogorc Sinaarsis, ise formis TvalsazrisiT.<br />

rac mTavaria, scadeT da, Tqveni Tvalsazrisi werilobiT<br />

daasabuTeT:<br />

Sen rom sxva mahkla<br />

Tavad is faqti, rom vinme ar eTanxmeba vaJa-fSavelas,<br />

arafris mTqmelia. arc is aris yuradRebis Rirsi, Tu vinme<br />

vaJas Semoqmedebas, saerTod, ar icnobs. mravlismTqmelia<br />

sakuTari uvicobiT keklucoba da sazogadoebis sibneleSi<br />

CaTrevis mcdeloba. xolo Tu amas xalxis rCeuli, saqarTvelos<br />

parlamentis wevri cdilobs _ ubedurebaa.<br />

vinme ganaTlebulma parlamentarma Jurnalisturi eTikis<br />

daucveloba rom ar damabralos, moviyvan or amonarids<br />

jondi baRaTurias erT-erTi interviudan:<br />

`ar veTanxmebi aluda qeTelaurs. Tavidan aluda sworad<br />

moiqca. mters yovelTvis Rirseulad unda moeqce. xelis<br />

moWra ki ra vaJkacis saqmea. es araswori tradicia iyo,<br />

radgan bevri iseTi tradicia mkvidrdeba, romelic ar dgas<br />

sarwmunoebaze da fesvebidan ar modis. sworad moiqca, rom<br />

xeli ar moaWra; sworia, rom mters pativi unda sce, me amis<br />

momxre var, magram es ar niSnavs, rom marTlac namdvili<br />

tradiciisa da namdvili sjulis winaaRmdeg unda waxvide,<br />

iaro sasaflaoze da sarwmunoebis uaryofa daiwyo - amaSi<br />

ar veTanxmebi~.<br />

`vaJas ar veTanxmebi `aluda qeTelaurSi~, mgonia, rom,<br />

rodesac werda, maSin vaJa aludas saqciels iwonebda, imitom,<br />

rom am nawilSi ar hyavs gakritikebuli, SesaZloa,<br />

mere gadaxeda Tavis pozicias. yvelaze didi principi sar-<br />

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wmunoebaa da principi, romelic gaiZulebs, mis winaaRmdeg<br />

iaro, aris macduri da masze uari unda Tqva.~<br />

sanam mTavar saTqmelze gadavidode, umorCilesad vTxov<br />

jondis maswavlebels, amis wamkiTxveli gulSi tyvias nu<br />

daixlis* - misi namowafari mainc verafers Seignebs.<br />

rasac axla vityvi, batoni jondi imas ver mixvdeba, magram<br />

mis sayuradRebod arc rames vambob. im adamianebis<br />

sayuradRebod vambob, `jondebs~ umaRles sakanonmdeblo<br />

organoSi samoRvaweod xmas rom aZleven da sakuTari bedis<br />

gadawyvetis uflebamosilebas aniWeben (sxvaTa Soris,<br />

im adamianebis bedisac, romlebic jondebs ar endnen, magram<br />

bedis ironiis gamo, umciresobaSi aRmoCndnen).<br />

aluda qeTelauris piriT TviTon vaJa-fSavela laparakobs.<br />

es vaJa qadagebs mitevebas, kacTmoyvareobas da saTnoebas.<br />

es vaJa gvaswavlis bibliur WeSmaritebebs, rom yvela<br />

adamiani RvTis Svilia da sxva adamians misi sicocxlis<br />

mospobis ufleba ara aqvs; rom boroteba borotebiT ar<br />

aRmoifxvreba, sisxli sisxliT ar moibaneba:<br />

`visac mteroba maswyurdis,<br />

gaaRos saxlis karia,<br />

sisxl daigubos keraSi<br />

TviTonac Sigav mdgaria,<br />

Rvinodac imas dahlevdis,<br />

puradac mosaxmaria...<br />

Sen rom sxva mahkla,<br />

Senc mogkvlen,<br />

mkvlels ar SaarCens gvaria.~<br />

aludasa da veluri tradiciebis mimdevari Temis dapirispireba<br />

naTelisa da bnelis, codnisa da uvicobis,<br />

zneobisa da uzneobis, keTilisa da borotis, WeSmariti<br />

rwmenisa da fundamentalisturi dogmebiT SeniRbuli urwmunoebis<br />

dapirispirebaa. iseTi urwmunoebisa, Cven, sabralo<br />

amomrCevlebi weliwadSi ormocdaaTjer mainc rom<br />

sakuTari TvaliT vuyurebT: gulSi sanTel Caxutebul,<br />

mama abramis batknebad qceul vigindarebs, eklesiidan gasvlisTanave<br />

mkvlelobebisa da darbevebis brZanebebs rom<br />

200

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gascemen, xazinas rom Zarcvaven, orpiroben, cruoben da<br />

farisevloben...<br />

amis winaaRmdegia vaJa da amitom aTqmevinebs aludasTvis<br />

sizmarSi gamocxadebul mucals:<br />

`_ minda sikvdili, ar vkvdebi,<br />

mamkalo, _ miTxra xvewniTa, _<br />

Tqven dagrCeT wuTisofeli,<br />

me ki wavide qveyniTa;<br />

daZexiT, xevsurT Svilebo,<br />

laSqrobiT, xmlebis qneviTa~.<br />

vaJa imitom aris didi, rom as ocze meti wlis winaT naTqvami<br />

(`aluda qeTelauri~ 1888 wels daiwera), dResac zustad<br />

miesadageba im bnel da uzneo Tems, romelsac odesRac aluda<br />

qeTelauri daupirispirda da romlis rigiT 121-e warmomadgeneli<br />

brZandeba batoni jondi dRevandel parlamentSi.<br />

vaJas rom dRevandeli saqarTvelo enaxa, isev amas amoigminebda:<br />

_ aha, Tqven gqondeT es codva-braliani wuTisofeli,<br />

anTxieT moZmeTa sisxli, gesli da balRami, aiSeneT srasasaxleebi,<br />

amoiyoreT muclebi, imruSeT, ipareT, icrueT<br />

da cili daswameT, daZexiT usamarTlobiT. me ki erTaderT<br />

nugeSad sikvdili damrCenia da damdeT pativi, imqveyniur<br />

cxovrebaSi gadasasaxleblad xels nu SemiSliTo.<br />

aluda qeTelaurma (vaJam), Tanamedrove qarTveli politikosebisgan<br />

gansxvavebiT, icis, ra aris sindisi _ pasuxismgebloba<br />

sakuTari saqcielis gamo. Rirseuli metoqis,<br />

mamaci mucalis sikvdiliT mis arsebaSi iqamde mTvlemare<br />

sindisma gaiRviZa da aludas codvebis gamosyidva daavala.<br />

axali codvebis Cadenisken ki ar mouwoda, saukuneobiT dagrovili<br />

codvebis gamosyidva daavala! mxolod sakuTari<br />

codvebisa ki ara, xevsurTa mTeli Temis codvebisa. swored<br />

ase moiqca cxrameti saukuniT adre ieso, romelic jvars<br />

ecva da amiT kacobriobis codvebis gamosyidva scada.<br />

`aluda qeTelauri~ ki ar ewinaaRmdegeba qristianul<br />

morals, rogorc es deputats hgonia, piriqiT _ am moralis<br />

dacvisken mogviwodebs. es icis yvelam, visac poema<br />

waukiTxavs, visac `stumar-maspinZeli~, `gvelismWameli~<br />

an vaJas romelime sxva nawarmoebi waukiTxavs. jondim va-<br />

201

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Jas Semoqmedebis Taobaze yurmokvriTac ar icis, Torem<br />

dRes am yovlad saxelgatexil parlamentSi ar dajdeboda,<br />

radgan `aluda qeTelaurSi~ naTqvamma am sityvebma,<br />

SeuZlebelia, TviT jondis gonebrivi monacemebis mqone<br />

adamianic ki ar Caafiqros:<br />

`ZaRls miugdian saWmelad<br />

xeli mucalis mklavisa,<br />

piri ar axlo qofakma,<br />

morTo Rmuili bralisad~.<br />

ZaRlis saqcielis axsna ar aris rTuli. mere ra, rom qofakia<br />

_ igi zneobrivi arsebaa. sakuTari fiziologiuri<br />

moTxovnilebebis an veluri instiqtebis dasakmayofileblad<br />

yvela meTodi misi ZaRluri bunebisTvisac ki miuRebelia.<br />

amitom ambobs uars SeTavazebul nugbarze _ vaJkacis<br />

veragulad mokveTil marjvenaze.<br />

vwuxvar, Zalian vwuxvar, magram im qofakisgan gansxvavebiT,<br />

21-e saukunis qarTvel jondebs zneoba arc gaxsenebiaT,<br />

ise daeZgernen prezident saakaSvilis mier migdebul<br />

leSs _ parlamentis wevrobis mandats!<br />

da amiT uari Tqves zneobaze, zogadad _ adamianobaze.<br />

zneobaze imaTac uyoymanod Tqves uari, romlebmac sajarod<br />

ki ar gadasansles migdebuli, aramed Sin waacuncules<br />

da malulad, neba-neba Seeqcevian _ Tan, Tanamoqalaqeebs<br />

sakuTar vaJkacobaze gvetrabaxebian da leSis<br />

gadmomgdebs TvalTmaqcurad dedas agineben.<br />

axla saWiroa am nabijis nebismieri saSualebiT gamar-<br />

Tleba. 2008 wlis formaciis parlamentSi mokalaTebuli<br />

koleqtiuri jondi TviTon aris is bneli, veragi da daundobeli<br />

Temi, romelmac aluda da misi ojaxi moikveTa. Tems<br />

unda axla mTeli qveyniereba daabnelos, mTeli sazogadoeba<br />

jondebad aqcios, adamians waarTvas is, rac RmerTma<br />

mis arsebaSi Cado da amiT sxva cocxali arsebebisgan gamoarCia<br />

_ zneoba!<br />

maSin yvela gavswordebiT, yvela erTnairad davbneldebiT,<br />

sindisze yvela uars vityviT, samagaliTo aRaravin<br />

gveyoleba, zadze da biwze veravin veravis miuTiTebs, yvela<br />

erT did qvabSi movixarSebiT.<br />

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am miznisken mimaval gzaze, bevr sxvasTan erTad, dauZlevel<br />

winaRobad vaJas Zlevamosili figurac aRmarTula.<br />

erT-erTi futuro jondi ambobs, vaJa-fSavelas ar<br />

veTanxmebio da amiT surs mogvaCvenos, TiTqos mTeli qar-<br />

Tuli sazogadoeba sabolood gadagvarebula, TviT didi<br />

vaJac dacemula da viRac yarta-yurtas saTrevelad qceula.<br />

xval SoTas, ilias, guramiSvilis, akakis, javaxiSvilis,<br />

asaTianis, galaktionis... rigi dadgeba. Tanamedroveebi<br />

xom ukve `Carecxilebi arian!..~<br />

ase mxolod dasaRupavad ganwirul avadmyof gonebas<br />

eCveneba. qveynierebis gaCenis dRidan aqamomde, keTilisa<br />

da borotis brZolaSi mudam keTili imarjvebda.<br />

ase iqneba momavalSic.<br />

mecnieruli publicistika<br />

es aris publicisturi naSromi mecnierebis romelime<br />

dargze (filosofia, iurisprudencia, literatura,<br />

fizika, biologia, samxedro xelovneba, genuri inJineria...).<br />

es ar gaxlavT romelime didad pativcemuli profesoris<br />

uwyinari saubari mecnierebis ama Tu im sferos avkargianobaze.<br />

es aris faqtebiTa da logikiT ganmtkicebuli emociuri<br />

msjeloba mecnierebaze sazogadoebis yuradRebis mipyrobis<br />

mizniT. anu, mTavaria ara TviT wminda mecnieruli<br />

Tvalsazrisis wina planze wamoweva, aramed mecnierebisa<br />

da sazogadoebis damokidebuleba, mecnieruli miRwevebis<br />

sazogadoebis samsaxurSi Cayeneba.<br />

amgvari naSromebis Seqmna umaRles Jurnalistur ostatobasTan<br />

erTad moiTxovs mecnierebis im dargis sakmaod<br />

safuZvlian codnas, romelzec wera gixdeba. amitom, bunebrivia,<br />

qarTul sinamdvileSi mecnieruli publicistikis<br />

nimuSebiT maincdamainc ganebivrebuli ara varT. vgulisxmob<br />

maRal profesiul doneze Sesrulebul naSromebs,<br />

Torem arafris mTqmeli da arafris momtani fsevdo publicistikiT<br />

savsea Cveni siyviTleSeparuli presa.<br />

nimuSi, romelsac axla SemogTavazebT, iurisprudencias<br />

exeba. ufro zustad, im adamianebs, romlebic swored<br />

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iurisprudenciis gverdis avliT cdiloben umniSvnelovanesi<br />

iuridiuli dokumentebis Sedgenas:<br />

Seqspiris motivebi qarTul kanonSemoqmedebaSi<br />

CemTvis ucnob dawesebulebaSi SeumuSavebiaT da parlamentSi<br />

gansaxilvelad SeutaniaT SeTanxmebis proeqti<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiasa da saxelmwifos<br />

Soris.<br />

proeqts win uZRvis mokle `ganmartebiTi baraTi~, sadac<br />

amgvari dokumentis miRebis aucileblobasa da SeTanxmebis<br />

Sinaarszea saubari. Cvenc aqedan daviwyoT.<br />

am pawawina `ganmartebiT baraTSi~ pativcemul avtorebs<br />

imdeni sibriyve CauteviaT, TviT saqarTvelos sagadasaxado<br />

kanonmdeblobasac ki SeSurdeba! Tundac es rad Rirs:<br />

`...saxelmwifo aRiarebs 1921-90 wlebSi saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiisaTvis materialuri da moraluri zaralis miyenebis<br />

faqts da rogorc eklesiisaTvis CamorTmeuli<br />

materialuri qonebis didi nawilis mflobeli, kisrulobs<br />

am zaralis anazRaurebis valdebulebas~.<br />

1921-1990 wlebSi komunisturma reJimma rom saqarTvelos<br />

eklesias zarali miayena, imis anazRaureba yovlad<br />

warmoudgenelia: asobiT dangreuli da gapartaxebuli<br />

eklesia-monasteri, aTasobiT daxocili mrevli da<br />

RvTismsaxuri, datacebuli da ganadgurebuli saeklesio<br />

qoneba, dacemuli zneoba...<br />

raki Cveni qvelmoqmedi xelisufleba (da ara saxelmwifo,<br />

rogorc es SeTanxmebis proeqtSia miTiTebuli!) am zaralis<br />

anazRaurebas kisrulobs, gamodis, rom igi im wlebis<br />

koSmaruli danaSaulobebis Tanamonawile da saqarTvelos<br />

sabWoTa socialisturi respublikis samarTalmemkvidre<br />

yofila. Tu es asea, maSin man (xelisuflebam) keTili unda<br />

inebos da zarali yvela dazaralebuls aunazRauros: mar-<br />

Tlmadidebel eklesiasac, meCeTsac, sinagogasac, amqrebsac,<br />

firmebsac da kerZo pirebsac.<br />

saxelmwifo, anu xazina im wlebSi miyenebuli zaralis<br />

anazRaurebas kisrulobso, weria am dokumentSi, magram is<br />

ki aRarsad dauweriaT, kerZod, vis xarjze an ra Semosav-<br />

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lebiT apireben im marTlac eniT uTqmeli zaralis anaz-<br />

Raurebas. albaT, isev im dazaralebuli, ganadgurebuli,<br />

Seuracxyofili mrevlis zurgidan!<br />

es ukve gramatikuli da stilisturi ki ara, saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

mniSvnelobis Secdomaa da, veWvob, misi gamosworeba<br />

SeZlos konkordiummTxzvelebis Wkuis xalxma.<br />

`ganmartebiT baraTSi~ aseTi `brZnuli~ ganmartebac<br />

gvxvdeba: `proeqtis mixedviT, saeklesio samsaxuri gaTanabrebulia<br />

sajaro samsaxurTan. es ar niSnavs imas, rom moqmedi<br />

kanonmdebloba sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb saeklesio<br />

da sajaro samsaxurs erTmaneTTan aTanabrebs. marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis damoukideblobisa da saxelmwifo samsaxurisgan<br />

gansxvavebuli amocanebis gamo, sajaro samsaxuris<br />

Sesaxeb normebi saeklesio samsaxurSi uSualo gamoyenebas<br />

ar hpovebs~.<br />

es aris farisevlobis, sicruis da Tavxeduri demagogiis<br />

naTeli magaliTi: marTalia, proeqtiT saeklesio da<br />

sajaro samsaxuri gaTanabrebulia, magram, nuras ukacravad,<br />

isini gaTanabrebuli sulac ar gaxlavTo, yovlad<br />

usircxvilod gvatyueben proeqtis avtorebi da marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesias uflebrivad soflis sakrebulosTan<br />

aTanabreben. mere, albaT, eklesiis mnaTeebis moxsna-daniSvnebis<br />

revizias da kontrolsac daiwyeben. mRvdlebze xom<br />

laparakic ar Rirs _ gubernatoris Caurevlad es saqme<br />

verasdidebiT ver gakeTdeba.<br />

axla mTavarze, anu uSualod konkordiumis proeqtze.<br />

preambula, rogorc velodi, friad poeturia: _ cxra<br />

abzaci, cxra sityva `vinaidan~, cxra wertil-mZimiT dam-<br />

Tavrebuli winadadeba da arc erTi Wkvianuri azri:<br />

`_ vinaidan qarTveli eris msoflmxedveloba,<br />

mTlianoba, tradiciebi, fsiqologia, cxovrebis wesi<br />

da mravalsaukunovani qarTuli kultura ganpirobebulia<br />

da gamsWvalulia marTlmadidebluri qristianuli<br />

moZRvrebiT;<br />

_ vinaidan saqarTvelos mosaxleobis absoluturi<br />

umravlesoba marTlmadidebeli qristiania;<br />

_ vinaidan marTlmadidebloba saqarTveloSi isto-<br />

205

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iulad saxelmwifo religia iyo, istoriuli uwyvetoba<br />

ki niSnavs warsulis, awmyos da momavlis sinTezs;<br />

_ vinaidan saqarTvelos konstituciiT aRiarebulia<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gansakuTrebuli<br />

roli qveynis istoriaSi;<br />

_ vinaidan saqarTvelos saxelmwifom aRidgina istoriuli<br />

roli msoflio civilizaciaSi, rogorc damoukidebelma<br />

da demokratiulma saxelmwifom;<br />

_ vinaidan msoflios ganviTarebul qveynebSi istoriul<br />

eklesiebs miniWebuli aqvT gansakuTrebuli iuridiuli<br />

statusi;<br />

_ vinaidan konstituciurad eklesia damoukidebelia<br />

saxelmwifosgan...~<br />

amis wamkiTxvels uneblied Seqspiri maxsendeba:<br />

`yvelafriT daRlils sanatrelad sikvdili damrCa...<br />

radgan uvici da regveni brZenobs advilad,<br />

radgan simarTle sisuleled iTvleba axla,<br />

radgan sikeTe borotebis tyved Cavardnila...~.<br />

didi poeziis da politikanobis Serwymis mcdeloba mudam<br />

kraxiT da uniWo dokumentis SeqmniT rom mTavrdeba,<br />

konkordiumis proeqtic amis dasturia. avtorebs gonebisTvis<br />

meti Zala rom daetanebinaT da rac ar icodnen, sxvisTvis<br />

ekiTxaT, ar dawerdnen, mravalsaukunovani qarTuli<br />

kultura marTlmadidebluri qristianuli moZRvrebiT<br />

aris ganpirobebuli da gamsWvalulio. xolo cota<br />

mSobliuri qveynis istoria rom scodnodaT, arc amgvari<br />

absurduli azri mouvidodaT, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis<br />

absoluturi umravlesoba marTlmadidebeli qristianiao.<br />

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis umravlesobisTvis aTeistoba<br />

rom daebralebinaT, gasakviri ar iqneboda. etyoba,<br />

avtorebma ar ician, rom saqarTveloSi marTlmadidebeli<br />

qristianebis garda cxovroben kaTolikeebi, iudevelebi,<br />

grigorianelebi, musulmanebi, baptistebi, evangelistebi,<br />

sxvebi da sxvebi. vSiSob, maTi raodenoba marTlmadideblebisas<br />

didad ar Camouvardeba.<br />

sakuTari uvicobiT kopwiaobas hgavs gancxadeba, rom,<br />

Turme, `msoflios ganviTarebul qveynebSi istoriul<br />

206

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eklesiebs miniWebuli aqvT gansakuTrebuli iuridiuli<br />

statusi~. ras gvibrZanebT, marTlmadidebluri mimdinareobis<br />

Teokratiuli saxelmwifo SevqmnaT, Tu SariaTis<br />

samarTliT vixelmZRvaneloT? iqneb aiaTola homeinis<br />

modelis iranuli mmarTvelobiTi sistema avirCioT? an,<br />

iqneb, inkviziciis boboqrobis droindelma espanurma<br />

mmarTvelobam ajobos?!<br />

Tumca, vidre amas gadavwyvetdeT, is gavarkvioT, arian<br />

Tu ara WeSmariti marTlmadideblebi gulSi sanTelCaxutebuli<br />

yofili da axlandeli partiuli funqcionerebi,<br />

gaveSebul-gaalmasebuli xeljvariani xulignebi, ieRovelTa<br />

Sekrebebis cecxliTa da maxviliT damrbevi adamianebi,<br />

agrerigad momravlebuli nacisturi partiebis wevrebi,<br />

meqrTame da Rormucela `RvTismsaxurebi~, qurdi da<br />

moZalade Cinovnikebi...<br />

saxelmwifos da am saxelmwifoSi moqmed religiur mimdinareobebs<br />

Soris SeTanxmebis (konkordiumis) dadebas<br />

civilizebul samyaroSi didi xnis istoria aqvs. rogorc<br />

wesi, es aris SeTanxmeba erTmaneTis saqmeSi Caurevlobis<br />

Taobaze, imis aRiareba, rom eklesia damoukidebelia saxelmwifosgan.<br />

iqneb am SeTanxmebis proeqtis avtorebsac<br />

es mizani hqondaT, magram gamoucdelobisa da ucodinrobis<br />

gamo, parlaments gansaxilvelad waredgina bundovani,<br />

absurduli, enobrivad yovlad umsgavso da, rac mTavaria,<br />

provokaciuli proeqti. igi miznad isaxavs ara urTier-<br />

Tobebis garkveva-mowesrigebas saxelmwifosa da marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesias Soris, aramed am urTierTobaTa daZabvas.<br />

es Zalian saSiSia. am saSiSroebas zogierTi ura-patrioti<br />

xelovnurad qmnis qveyanaSi axali omis gasaCaReblad, amjerad<br />

_ religiur safuZvelze~ (`dronis~ informacia).<br />

socialuri publicistika<br />

am Sinaarsis publicisturi nawarmoebi sazogadoebis<br />

socialur mdgomareobas exeba. es gaxlavT sityvakazmul<br />

mwerlobasTan yvelaze axlo mdgomi Jurnalisturi Janri.<br />

Tu aseTi naSromis Seqmnas apirebT, gaxsovdeT, rom ar aris<br />

207

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sakmarisi faqtebis, movlenebis virtuozulad aRweris ni-<br />

Wic ki. mTavaria, ise TqvaT, mkiTxvelma pirvelive sityvebidan<br />

dagijeroT, rom es swored asea da Tqven misi gulis<br />

mosagebad (an gulis asaCuyeblad) arafers igonebT.<br />

am Janris nimuSebad uTuod gamodgeba sul axlaxans<br />

Tqvens mier wakiTxuli nugzar SataiZis, giorgi pataSuris,<br />

nana joxariZis publicisturi naSromebi.<br />

Tu imasac waikiTxavT, rasac axla SemogTavazebT, Zalian<br />

kargi, iqneba. werili `7 dReSi~ 1991 wlis aprilSi gamoqveynda<br />

da saqarTvelos maSindeli xelisuflebis mxridan,<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, grandiozuli reaqcia mohyva. imis garda,<br />

rom es koleqtiuri naSromi socialuri publicistikis nimuSia,<br />

nawilobriv, saqarTvelos maSindel politikur vi-<br />

Tarebazec SegiqmniT warmodgenas.<br />

mokled, Tqvens winaSea<br />

baroni wverikmazaSvili da sxvebi<br />

prefeqti ar aris. gviTxres, rom male mova da Cvenc,<br />

`saqarTvelos respublikis~, `Tbilisis~, `7 dRis~, `saqmis~<br />

korespondentebi velodebiT. gvainteresebs, rogor<br />

apirebs prefeqtura raionSi miwis kuTvnilebis sakiTxis<br />

mogvarebas miwis Sesaxeb kanonis ararsebobis pirobebSi.<br />

problemas isic amwvavebs, rom jerjerobiT ar arsebobs<br />

kanoni TviT prefeqtisa da prefeqturis Sesaxeb.<br />

samwuxarod, bunebis kanonebi ar scnobs administraciul<br />

kanonebs _ gazafxuli isev ise Zveleburad modis da<br />

Tan uamravi sazrunavi moaqvs. umcires uyuradRebobas da<br />

dagvianebas aravis patiobs.<br />

sagarejos raionis prefeqti, batoni guram isakaZe marTlac<br />

Zalian male movida (manamde mis moadgiles, baton uCa<br />

qoriZes vesaubreT). igi friad ganswavluli kacia, pedagogebis<br />

ojaxidan. prefeqtad daniSvnamde Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />

universitetis birTvuli fizikis laboratoriaSi<br />

muSaobda. sagarejoelia da aqaurobas kargad icnobs.<br />

Cvens kiTxvaze, raionSi ra principiT nawildeba miwa da<br />

Semdeg misgan miRebuli Semosavali, batonma prefeqtma<br />

brZana:<br />

208

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_ es aris Zalze rTuli sakiTxi. vinaidan ar arsebobs<br />

kanoni miwis Sesaxeb, metic _ kanoni sakuTrebis Sesaxeb;<br />

gviWirs miwis sakiTxis gadaWra. raionSi gvaqvs venaxebic,<br />

saxnav-saTesi farTobebic, saTibebic, tyeebic.<br />

venaxebs kolmeurneobebi da sabWoTa meurneobebi ijariT<br />

gascemen...<br />

aq odnav gavuswrebT movlenebs da mogaxsenebT, rom<br />

amave kiTxviT mivmarTeT sagarejos raionis kakabeTis `wi-<br />

Teli oqtombris~ saxelobis kolmeurneobis Tavjdomares<br />

SoTa keratiSvils; gurjaanis, Telavis, yvarlis raionebis<br />

prefeqtebs Salva winwalaSvils, avTandil rcxilaZes, levan<br />

iaSvils; Cumlayis kolmeurneobis Tavjdomares nodar<br />

qurdaZes. pasuxi TiTqmis yvelgan erTnairia: jerjerobiT,<br />

bevri ramea gasarkvevi da dasazustebeli. magaliTad,<br />

fasebi: dReisaTvis erTi kilogrami yurZnis moyvana glexs<br />

daaxloebiT erTi maneTi da eqvsi kapiki ujdeba. Tu Sesasyidi<br />

fasi igive darCa, glexi mis mier warmoebuli yurZnis<br />

yovel kilogramze eqvs kapiks... vals daidebs!<br />

aqve davumatebT, rom ijaris axlandeli zepiri forma<br />

glexsa da administracias Soris Tavisi SinaarsiT Zalian<br />

hgavs istoriidan ase kargad nacnob leninur `sasursaTo<br />

gaweras~. cnobilia soflis meurneobis amgvari gaZRolis<br />

erTob savalalo Sedegebic: socialuri, ekonomikuri,<br />

politikuri urTierTobebis ukiduresi gamwvaveba.<br />

isev baton guram isakaZesTan saubars davubrundeT:<br />

_ Zalian gviWirs. moSlilia struqturebi, aqeT _ mafia,<br />

iqiT _ `mxedrioni~... am ukanasknels Zlier hqonda<br />

gamdgari fesvebi Cvens raionSi. unda SevcvaloT struqturebi.<br />

Cven SevZeliT Tanamdebobidan gadagveyenebina<br />

da pasuxisgebaSi migveca sagarejos mevenaxeobis sabWo-<br />

Ta meurneobis direqtori...<br />

soflis meurneobaSi mZime situaciaa. axla gagimxelT<br />

erT saidumlos. albaT, gagikvirdebaT, magram me<br />

ase vfiqrob. es fantastikuria... iciT, mimaCnia, rom<br />

saukeTeso gamosavali Seqmnili mdgomareobidan aris...<br />

batonymobis aRdgena!..<br />

batoni prefeqtis es gancxadeba marTlac moulodneli<br />

da fantastikuria. miT ufro, rom civilizebulma msofli-<br />

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om karga xania ganvlo feodalizmis epoqa. batonymobis instituti<br />

TviT ruseTis imperiaSic ki zustad 130 wlis winaT,<br />

1861 wels gaauqma imperatorma aleqsandre meorem.<br />

marTali giTxraT, ise davibeniT, isic ki ver vkiTxeT baton<br />

prefeqts, mxolod sagarejoSi apirebs batonymobis SemoRebas,<br />

Tu mTel saqarTveloSi. Tu ase moxda, vfiqrobT,<br />

batonebis sakiTxi SedarebiT iolad mogvardes, ai, ymoba ki,<br />

veWvobT, vinmem siamovnebiT ikisros. arada, naxeT, ra didebulad<br />

JRers: lordi isakaZe! Hhercogi qoriZe! grafi erbowonaSvili!<br />

baroni wverikmazaSvili! vikonti Samoevi!...<br />

imave dRes, saRamos, imave SekiTxviT mivmarTeT gurjaanis<br />

raionis prefeqts, baton Salva winwalaSvils. SegaxsenebT,<br />

rom baton prefeqts aseTi ram vkiTxeT:<br />

_ ra principiT nawildeba raionSi miwa da, bunebrivia,<br />

misgan miRebuli mosavali?<br />

_ gurjaanis raioni, _ brZana batonma prefeqtma,<br />

_ eTnikurad wminda raionia. aq absoluturi umravlesoba<br />

qarTvelebi arian. erTi patara sofelia, Cumlayis<br />

kolmeurneobaSi Sedis, yitaani da imaTac survili gamoTqves<br />

wavidnen raionidan. ase rom, male sul sufTa<br />

raioni viqnebiT...<br />

_ batono Salva, es Zalian kargi, magram miwis sakiTxi<br />

rogorRa wydeba?<br />

_ mZime mdgomareobaa, resursebi gaZvirda, yurZnis<br />

fasi ki igive darCa. saTadarigo nawilebic gviWirs. arsebobs<br />

ijaris ori forma _ individualuri da brigaduli.<br />

SarSanac ijaraze viyaviT. kargi Sedegi gamoiRo. wleuls,<br />

jerjerobiT, axali xelSekrulebebi glexebTan ar dagvidia,<br />

Zveli debulebiT vsargeblobT.<br />

_ es niSnavs, rom glexma miwa ijariT ki aiRo, magram jer<br />

cnobili ar aris, visi iqneba mosavali?<br />

_ ras brZanebT! Cven, jerjerobiT, xelSekrulebis<br />

forma ver SevimuSaveT, Torem, ise SeTanxmebuli varT,<br />

rom glexi mosavlis 30 procents saxelmwifos Caabarebs,<br />

danarCeni 70 procenti ki mas darCeba im pirobiT,<br />

rom im samocdaaT procentSi Seva yurZnis warmoebaze<br />

daxarjuli saxsrebi.<br />

_ ese igi, ra darCeba glexs sabolood?<br />

210

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_ savaraudod, mogebis 20-25 procenti.<br />

_ Tqven brZaneT, rom sofel yitaanis mcxovreblebma<br />

gadasaxleba gadawyvites. maT Tqven amis Taobaze oficialurad<br />

mogmarTes?<br />

_ ara, ara, Cven TviTon SevTavazeT gadasaxleba.<br />

_ vTqvaT, soflelebi aiyarnen da wavidnen, ras moigebs<br />

amiT raioni?<br />

_ ras davkargavT, ro?..<br />

cnobisaTvis: yitaani aris istoriuli adgili gurjaanis<br />

raionSi. aq odesRac yofila sofeli, romelic<br />

istoriul bedukuRmarTobas da malarias gaunadgurebia.<br />

daaxloebiT asi wlis winaT, nasoflaris midamoebSi<br />

axalgoris raionidan osuri ojaxebi Camosaxlebulan.<br />

maT ramdenime adgili gamoucvliaT da sabolood iq dafuZnebulan,<br />

sadac axla cxovroben. maTi mSobliuri ena<br />

QqarTulia. yvela maTgans damTavrebuli aqvT qarTuli<br />

skola. misdeven, ZiriTadad, mevenaxeobas. raime antiqarTul<br />

da antisaxelmwifoebriv qmedebaSi romelime maTgani<br />

SemCneuli ar yofila.<br />

29 marts yitaanelebs gamourTes eleqtroenergia,<br />

mouxsnes samarSruto avtobusi (sofeli trasidan eqvsi<br />

kilometriT aris daSorebuli), Seuwyvites puris miwodeba,<br />

dauxures skola da baga-baRi, yvela glexs CamoarTves<br />

jer kidev SarSan ijariT aRebuli miwis nakveTebi. raionSi<br />

gavrcelda yovlad daujerebeli QWorebi. Cven gaxldiT am<br />

sofelSi da yvelaferi sakuTari TvaliT vixileT.<br />

_ batono nodar, aqvs Tu ara, raime samarTlebrivi<br />

safuZveli yitaaneli glexebisTvis ijariT aRebuli miwebis<br />

CamorTmevas? iqneb, kolmeurneobis gamgeobis dadgenileba<br />

mainc arsebobs? _ vkiTxeT Cumlayis kolmeurneobis<br />

axladdaniSnul Tavjdomares, baton nodar qurdaZes.<br />

_ara, dadgenileba ar aris, magram saqme is aris, rom<br />

yitaanelebma TviTon, Ddiax, TviTon ganacxades uari miwis<br />

damuSavebaze...<br />

_ Cven gaxldiT am sofelSi _ arcerT glexs sakuTari<br />

iniciativiT uari ar uTqvams miwaze, miT ufro, skolaze,<br />

ganaTebaze, purze, transportze, baga-baRze...<br />

_ ara, es iyo Cveni xalxis moTxovna. mas Semdeg, rac<br />

osma eqstremistebma mokles oTxi qarTveli, sofeli<br />

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(igulisxmeba sofeli Cumlayi. red.) aRSfoTda da maTTvis<br />

miwebis CamorTmeva moiTxova.<br />

_ gamodis, rom Tqven omSi daRupuli qarTveli biWebis<br />

gamo Surs iZiebT udanaSaulo xalxze?<br />

_ Cven ar viZiebT araviTar Surs! da, saerTod, Tqven<br />

vina xarT? mivlineba gaqvT? Cvens xelmZRvanelobas-<br />

Tan iyaviT? me ra SuaSi var? me aqauri var da yvelaferi<br />

vici... wavideT, prefeqtTan vilaparakoT...<br />

prefeqtTan kidev erTxel saubari Cven zedmetad miviCnieT.<br />

(`7 dRis~ informacia).<br />

zemoT mogaxseneT, rom am statias gamsaxurdias xelisuflebisa<br />

da mis mier kontrolirebuli mediis mxridan mosalodnelze<br />

mZafri reaqcia mohyva. samTavrobo presa<br />

karga xans gulmodgined amtkicebda, rom Cvens werilSi<br />

naxsenebi Tanamdebobis pirebi ar iyvnen... giJebi.<br />

Cven arcerT amgvar Semotevaze araviTari pasuxi ar<br />

gagvicia.<br />

msoflio presaSi erTsa da imave socialur Temaze<br />

yoveldRiurad aTasobiT publicisturi naSromi iwereba.<br />

es srulebiTac ar amcirebs Tqvens Sanss, swored am JanrSi<br />

gamoiCinoT Tavi. magaliTad, qurdobaze an meZavobaze<br />

uamravi brwyinvale publicisturi naSromia Seqmnili, magram<br />

amis gamo arc erTze da arc meoreze kacobriobas jer<br />

xeli ar auRia. scadeT, vin icis, iqneb Tqven dagijeron.<br />

oRond, nu iCqarebT, jer imis garkveva scadeT, ratomaa<br />

amqveynad amdeni usamarTloba, qonebrivi uTanasworoba,<br />

qurduli kanonebi, prostitucia, narkomania da aTasi sxva<br />

socialuri ubedureba.<br />

umizno, anu cru publicistika<br />

samwuxarod, an, iqneb, sabednierodac, nebismieri qveynis<br />

sazogadoebaSi arseboben adamianebi, romlebsac aqvT<br />

bunebrivi survili, iyvnen popularulebi, aqvT e.w. `weris<br />

teqnika~; ician raRac istoriuli faqtebi; aqvT informacia<br />

mimdinare movlenebze da, rac mTavaria, sazogadoebis<br />

`gadarCena~ sakuTar wminda movaleobad miaCniaT. mizani<br />

212

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SesaniSnavia, magram, rogorc wesi, mis misaRwevad am adamianebs<br />

xels uSliT gulgriloba da analitikuri uunaroba.<br />

1992 wlis gazafxulze CemTan `dronSi~ movida Tbilisis<br />

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis universitetis yofili<br />

aTeizmis kaTedris asistenti, imJamad erT-erTi aSkarad<br />

nacionalisturi partiis Tavmjdomare, romelmac Tavis<br />

droze Cemi lanZRva-ginebiTac gaiTqva saxeli. momitana<br />

daaxloebiT 50 nabeWd Tabaxze gadaWimuli `publicisturi<br />

naSromi~ da misi gamoqveyneba mTxova. Tanac, gulaxdilad<br />

miTxra, marTalia, Tqven sruli moraluri ufleba gaqvT<br />

uariT gamistumroT, magram me gicnobT, rogorc principul<br />

kacs, profesionals da imedi maqvs, gamigebTo.<br />

warmoidgineT mdgomareoba 16-gverdiani yovelkvireuli<br />

gazeTis redaqtorisa, romelsac gamosaqveyneblad 50gverdiani<br />

statia miutanes, Tanac, `namusze Seagdes~, mar-<br />

Talia, pirovnulad ar mogwonvarT, magram, modi, saqveyno<br />

saqme gavakeToTo!<br />

movikribe moTmineba da bolomde wavikiTxe SemoTavazebuli<br />

abdaubda. marTali giTxraT, ver davadgine, risi<br />

Tqma surda avtors. mere romis papzedac metad morwmune<br />

qristianad qceul aTeistTan kidev erTxel davjeqi da<br />

Sevecade, rom misi Sromis unayofobaSi damerwmunebina.<br />

gulwrfelad mainteresebda erTi ram, rac aseve gulwrfelad<br />

vkiTxe mofilosofoso avtors:<br />

_ ra grjiT, am veeberTela gaugebrobebs ra gawerinebT-meTqi?<br />

_ ra vqna, Tavs veraferi movuxerxe, mewereba da, aba, ar<br />

davweroo?<br />

marTlac da, ra qnas kacma, roca `ewereba~, daweros, Tu<br />

ar daweros?!<br />

Tu `ewereba~, albaT, unda daweros kidec, magram Cven<br />

aq vsaubrobT profesionalizmze, Jurnalistikis daniSnulebaze,<br />

Janrebzec ki. arafrismTqmeli `naSromebis~<br />

gamoqveynebas sazogadoebisTvis araviTari sargeblobis<br />

motana ar SeuZlia. es aris drois da fulis uazro fantva<br />

da sazogadoebis Seuracxyofa. marTalia, viRacas `ewereba~,<br />

magram isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom iqneb mkiTxv-<br />

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els Cveni ambiciebisTvis ar scxela da arc Cveni nacodvilarebi<br />

`ekiTxeba~.<br />

Cven, sabWoeTis Svilebs, cru publicistikasTan didi<br />

xnis nacnoboba gvakavSirebs _ sicrue iyo yvela is publicisturi<br />

nawarmoebi, romelic socializmis danarCen<br />

social-ekonomikur formaciebTan, warmoebis socialisturi<br />

wesis kapitalisturTan SedarebiT upiratesobas<br />

amtkicebda. gTxovT, damijeroT, rom Tavisufal<br />

konkurenciasTan SedarebiT, didi upiratesoba aqvs socialistur<br />

Sejibrebas; rom swored igia ekonomikis progresis<br />

safuZveli da socSejibrSi gamarjvebulis Jetoni<br />

mirCevnia 100 000 dolars!<br />

amgvar `msjelobaTa~ avtorebs sazogadoebisa ar rcxvenodaT.<br />

rcxvenodaT ki ara, vinc am sisulelis gamo mcireoden<br />

protests gamoxatavda, cimbirs ukan atovinebdnen.<br />

es iyo savaldebulo sicrue.<br />

axla es valdebuleba aRar arsebobs, magram arseboben adamianebi,<br />

visac `ewerebaT~ da hgoniaT, rom yalbi maRalfardovnebiT<br />

namdvil popularobas moipoveben. aseTi avtorebi,<br />

azris naTlad gadmocema xom ar SeuZliaT da ar SeuZliaT,<br />

winadadebebsac Segnebulad abundovaneben, im imediT, rom<br />

vinme umecari am bundovanebaSi sibrZnes dainaxavs. mokled,<br />

cru publicistikis mimdevrebi lamazi sityvebis uazro<br />

daxvavebiT sakuTari gonebrivi umweobis SeniRbvas cdiloben.<br />

ratom cdiloben, es ukve giTxariT _ popularoba<br />

xom erTob mimzidveli ramea, zogjer, momgebianic.<br />

mTavari is aris, rom, sabolood, sicruiT aravin briyvdeba<br />

TviTon avtorisa da misi `naSromis~ gamomqveynebeli<br />

redaqtoris garda.<br />

Tu ubralod, martivi winadadebebiT azris naTlad da<br />

sxartad gadmocema geZnelebaT, publicistobaze fiqrs<br />

saswrafod unda moeSvaT da gadaxvideT, vTqvaT, kulinariaSi<br />

_ gemrieli kerZis momzadebis xelovneba arafriT<br />

Camouvardeba Jurnalistikas. me, magaliTad, yovelTvis<br />

siamovnebiT vtrialeb samzareuloSi da bednieri var, Tu<br />

Cems naxelavs ojaxis wevrebi da megobrebi siamovnebiT miirTmeven.<br />

xolo Tu Semaqes!..<br />

214

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axla SesaniSnavi sakmazebiT uxvad da ugemovnod Sezavebul<br />

erT Zalian ugemur kerZs SemogTavazebT, Tan bodiSs<br />

mogixdiT da umorCilesad gTxovT, iqneb rogorme bolomde<br />

CaikiTxoT:<br />

`saqarTvelos `cisartyelas~ ferebi...<br />

`wiTeli~, `mixakis-feri~, `cisferebis~, _<br />

`ikebana Taiguli...~<br />

_ eri _ haaa!...<br />

_ eri, _ faaa-fu...<br />

_ pir-da-piri da...<br />

_ ara pir-da-piri gagebiT...<br />

...<br />

patara qveyanas, _ CibuxSi Casadeb saqarTvelos, isedac<br />

daqucmacebul, dabeCavebul, ganwirul, _ erT dros `mamluqebis~<br />

mxares, _ dReisaTvis, jerac SemorCenil 3-5-sam<br />

Tu xuT milionian ers, _ kacebis `gaberwebis~ _ gadajiSebis<br />

xana-periodi xom ar daudga?!<br />

_ isedac ganwirulebs, _ esRa gvaklda?!<br />

_ kacebis `gaberweba~-gadajiSeba!!!(???)<br />

qarTveli `mamluqebis~ `gaberwebis~, `mamaT-mavlebad~<br />

gadajiSebis periodi xom ar daiwyo?!<br />

_ esRa gvaklda?!<br />

nuTu esec garedan, _ viRacisagan-viRaceebisagan<br />

`Semogdebuli~, _ `evropizaciis~ _ samyaros civilizaciis,<br />

erTiani evoluciis Sedegia?!<br />

_ ara mgonia!...<br />

es procesi, _ evoluciuri ganviTarebis, _ civilizaciis<br />

`sawarmoo xarjis~ _ Sinauri Sinaberebis, _ `mamaTmavlebis~<br />

aReb-micemobis Semotevis Sedegi xom ar aris?!<br />

dafiqreba gvmarTebs!<br />

kontr-moqmedeba gvmarTebs, sanamde mTlad `aReb-micemobaSi~<br />

ar gadavjiSebulvarT, _ am sityvebis pir-da-piri<br />

Tu... ara pir-da-piri gagebiT...(!!!).<br />

faqti, qronika, komentari, _ eqstremaluri gamoZaxili...<br />

215

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...<br />

saqarTveloSi Seqmnil dRevandel umZimes, autanel<br />

politikur, saxelmwifoebriv ekonomikur, socialur vi-<br />

Tarebas, _ yvela mxare, subieqti `homo sapiensi~ _ Taviseburad<br />

ganWvrets, aRiqvams, _ Tavis sakuTar `receptebs~<br />

sTavazobs xalxs, sazogadoebas, _ maT Soris presas. _<br />

sainformacio saSualebebs, _ ideologias, moralis, eTikis<br />

sxva zneobrivi normebis dacviT klimatis gajansaRebis<br />

sferoSi...<br />

_ `gaucxoebis~, `gadajiSebis~ procesma dagvria msaxvrali<br />

xeli...<br />

...<br />

_ `aRar gaTendeba, Rame sazizRari?..<br />

romeli saaTia?, romeli saaTia?~<br />

_ galaktioni...<br />

...<br />

geo-politikur, politikur, socialur, ekonomikur<br />

dartymebs, Semotevebs, _ ideologiuri, religiuri seqtebis<br />

dartymebi, Semotevebi emateba, enacvleba...<br />

qarTul genetikur kods, _ Tavisufali seqsi-paTologiuri,<br />

fiziologiuri gadaxrebi emuqreba, _ CibuxSi<br />

Casadebi qveyana, _ mcire eri _ erT dros `mamluqebis~<br />

mxare, _ SemorCenili kacebis, mama-kacebis, deda-kacebad<br />

gadaqcevas ver aitans, _ genetikurad gadavSendebiT...<br />

...<br />

yofili `wiTeli~ ideologebi dRevandeli `mixakisferis~<br />

`ponti-pilatebi~, _ Riad Tu farulad, _ dRevandeli<br />

da momavali `demokratiuli~, `Tavisufali~, `damoukidebeli~<br />

saqarTvelos, _ gaukuRmarTebuli froidiseuli<br />

moZRvrebis, _ `cisferi~ gardaqmnis avtorebi,<br />

_ sauniversiteto kaTedridan irjebian, _ ixarjebian...<br />

(`marTali gazeTis~ informacia).<br />

cru publicistikisa da grafomaniis es klasikuri<br />

nimuSi imaze gacilebiT ufro saSiSi movlenaa, vidre<br />

erTi SexedviT SeiZleba Candes: misi avtori `cnobili~<br />

publicisti, `mamaci kaci~, kalmis `didostati~, `TiTiT<br />

saCvenebeli moqalaqe~, mokled, axalgazrdobisTvis<br />

misabaZi pirovnebaa. xolo Tu Tqven mis naSromSi raime<br />

216

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undovnad an gaugebrad geCvenaT, sakuTar uvicobas<br />

daabraleT!<br />

sazogadoebis erTi nawilisTvis samagaliTod isaxeba<br />

futuro, uSinaarso, uazro, umizno nawarmoebi da misi<br />

uniWo da avanturisti avtori.<br />

vulgaruli, cru publicisturi Janri erTob damaxasiaTebelia<br />

meoce saukunis miwurulisa da ocdameerTes<br />

dasawyisis saqarTvelosTvis. am paTosiT gaiJRinTa jer<br />

yviTeli presa, Semdeg _ oficiozi, Semdeg _ seriozuli,<br />

damoukidebeli da TviT yovlad uwyinari studenturi<br />

presac ki. bolos am paTosma mTavrobasa da parlamentSic<br />

SeaRwia (an iqneb, sulac iqidan daiwyo!).<br />

megona, sityvis Tavisuflebisa da qveynis damoukideblobis<br />

miRebiT gamefebuli sayovelTao eiforiis Cavlis<br />

Semdeg cru da demagogiuri publicistikac istoriis<br />

sanagveze aRmoCndeboda, magram ase ar moxda. etyoba, sicruiT<br />

nasazrdoebi Jurnalisturi demagogia iseTive ukvdavia,<br />

rogorc Tavad Jurnalistika da adamianis uZvelesi<br />

xeloba.<br />

rogorc wesi, `publicisturi demagogia~ (gnebavT, `demagogiuri<br />

publicistika~ davarqvaT), mTeli Tavisi sigrZesiganiT<br />

tribunaze maSin gadmodgeba, roca qveyanaSi xelovnurad<br />

iqmneba revoluciuri aRtyineba. SesaZloa, igi<br />

istoriuli kanonzomierebiTac iyos gamowveuli, magram<br />

es viTarebas ver cvlis.<br />

saerTod, Jurnalistur Janrebze usasrulod bevri<br />

msjeloba SeiZleba. Jurnalistikis Teoretikosebi ase<br />

iqcevian kidec: momaval Jurnalistebs naSromis momzadebis<br />

mkacrad dadgenil wesebs sTavazoben _ jer kidev<br />

nedli masalis (studentis) mtkice yalibebSi Casxmas cdiloben.<br />

familarobaSi Tu ar CamomarTmevT, Jurnalisturi<br />

Janrebis Teorias kulinariuli receptebis krebuls<br />

Sevadarebdi.<br />

didi xnis winaT Cemma megobarma, niWierma aRmosavleTmcodne-istorikosma<br />

da Jurnalistma, Tamaz Ciqvanaiam er-<br />

Tob romantikuli dasaxelebis kerZis recepti maswavla _<br />

madam bovari: kargad unda moxarSoT da mere tafaze Sebra-<br />

217

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woT cximgaclili Zroxis an Roris xorci. calke unda SewvaT<br />

wvrilad daWrili kartofili. unda daumatoT erTad<br />

modaRuli xaxvi da bulgaruli wiwaka, ramdenime naWeri<br />

Sveicaruli yveli, zemodan moawyoT kangaclili pamidvris<br />

naWrebi, moasxaT araJani, daayaroT Savi wiwaka da marili.<br />

yvelaferi es didi tafiT aTiode wuTiT unda amyofoT<br />

cxel haerRumelSi da madam bovariviT nazi, macduri da<br />

gemrieli kerZic mzadaa!<br />

Tumca, Tavad Tamaz Ciqvanaias SesrulebiT, am receptiT<br />

momzadebuli kerZi madam bovaris ki ara, Tavad gustav<br />

flobers* hgavs, Cemi momzadebuli ki _ Tamaz Ciqvanaias.<br />

nu gagikvirdebaT, Tu Tqveni naxelavi general de gols* an<br />

fidel kastros daemsgavsos. yovel SemTxvevaSi, sxvadasxva<br />

mzareulis mier momzadebuli zustad erTnairi gemos<br />

namcxvari `napoleoni~ arasodes Semxvedria.<br />

asea Jurnalisturi Janrebic. ki batono, iswavleT<br />

Teoria, daizuTxeT receptebi, magram nu daiviwyebT,<br />

rom receptebis (Teoriis) kargad codna ar aris kargi<br />

kerZis (naSromis) Seqmnis garantia. bunebaSi ramdeni<br />

mzareulicaa, imdeni kerZia, anu ramdeni Jurnalisticaa,<br />

imdenive Janria.<br />

218

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Tavi VIII<br />

yovlisSemZle presa<br />

80-iani wlebis dasawyisidan sabWoTa kavSirSi ucnauri<br />

ambebi daiwyo. jer iyo da, `Zlevamosil, maradiul erTa<br />

urRvev kavSirs~ bzarebi gauCnda, rac e.w. `sxvagvarad<br />

moazrovneTa~ _ disidentTa ukidures gaaqtiurebasa da<br />

maT winaaRmdeg saxelmwifos damokidebulebis liberalizaciaSi<br />

gamoixata. mrisxane КГБ TiTqos Sedrka, an iqneb<br />

sisxlis sma moswyinda. politikuri arenidan zedized<br />

gaqrnen yovlisSemZle `super-bebrebi~: pelSe, polianski,<br />

podgorni, suslovi, breJnevi, andropovi, Cernenko, kosigini...<br />

1985 wels ki kremls patronad axalgazrda, ambiciuri,<br />

`perestroikis~ ideebiT STagonebuli mixeil gorba-<br />

Covi moevlina.<br />

marTalia, misi pirveli nabijebi diad da `cecxlovani<br />

wylis~ didad moyvarul sabWoeTSi antialkoholuri<br />

mimarTulebiT gadaidga, magram am mkvdrad Sobil ideas<br />

sul male komunisturi reJimisagan yovlad moulodneli<br />

gadawyvetilebebic mohyva: _ sityvis Tavisufleba<br />

sazogadoebis demokratizaciis mizniT!<br />

_ Я коммунист, при том, я убежденный коммунист, _ sajarod<br />

ganacxada axalgazrda gensekma da axali Semadgenlobis politbiurosTan<br />

erTad mmarTvelobis komunisturi reJimis<br />

modernizacia ganizraxa. arcTu uWkuo gorbaCovs gulubryvilod<br />

sjeroda, rom aseTi ram, saerTod, SesaZlebeli<br />

iyo. igi xedavda komunizmis dasasruls da misi sicocxlis<br />

gaxangrZlivebas seriozuli kosmetikuri saSualebebiT<br />

cdilobda. am gzaze pirveli iyo sityvis Tavisufleba.<br />

axlandelma Taobam icis sityvis da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis<br />

mniSvneloba da Zala, magram misTvis Zneli warmosadgenia<br />

iseTi viTareba, roca sityvas SeuZlia pirwmindad<br />

daangrios kacobriobis istoriaSi yvelaze didi, yvelaze<br />

Zlieri, yvelaze veragi imperia.<br />

diax, sabWoTa imperiis aRsasruli istoriuli kanonzomierebiT<br />

iyo gamowveuli _ adre Tu gvian mZimed dasneule-<br />

219

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uli goliaTi ueWvelad daecemoda, magram nebismier Sem-<br />

TxvevaSi aucilebeli iyo raRac, rac goliaTis daRupvis<br />

uSualo mizezi gaxdeboda: omi, revolucia, saxelmwifo<br />

gadatrialeba...<br />

es `raRac~ aRmoCnda sityva. ioanes saxarebaSic xom asea<br />

naTqvami: `pirvelad iyo sityva da sityva igi iyo RvTisa<br />

Tana~.<br />

komunistebma Tqves, ilaparakeTo da, odesRac umtkicesi<br />

duRabiT Sekruli msoflio socialisturi sistema<br />

koconze Semodgmul uzarmazar zRaprul qvabs daemsgavsa.<br />

arenaze gamovidnen erovnul-gamaTavisuflebeli moZraobebis<br />

liderebi da fsevdo-liderebi, partiebi da moZraobebi,<br />

oratorebi da demagogebi, patriotebi da renegatebi,<br />

demokratebi da `derJavnikebi~, nacionalistebi, farisevlebi<br />

da provokatorebi.<br />

sityvas mohyva saqme: uamravi axali Jurnal-gazeTi, radio<br />

da televizia. msoflio socialisturi Tanamegobrobis<br />

qveynebi TiTqos cieb-cxelebam Seipyro. dagrovilma ukmayofilebam<br />

vulkaniviT amoxeTqa da dauokebel Zalad iqca.<br />

axalma, demokratiulma masmediam elvis siswrafiT gaa-<br />

SiSvla 70 wlis ganmavlobaSi saguldagulod Cacxraklitulebuli<br />

socialisturi sinamdvile; farTod gauRo kari<br />

komunisturi jurRmulebidan gaTavisuflebul yofil<br />

disidentebs...<br />

raxan saqme sityvaze, sityvier garCevaze midga, yvelam Tavisi<br />

Tqva da yvelam Tavisi moiTxova. sabWoTa kavSiri da mTeli<br />

aRmosavleTi evropa mrisxane saprotesto moZraobebma<br />

Seazanzara. poloneTma, ungreTma, rumineTma, Cexoslovakiam,<br />

bulgareTma, gdr-m, iugoslaviam da sxvebma xma amoiRes.<br />

Teqvsmetive mokavSire respublikam jer sabWoTa konstituciiT<br />

miniWebuli uflebebi, Semdeg ki sruli damoukidebloba<br />

moiTxova. ganze arc saqarTvelo darCenila. ai, ras<br />

wers 1989 wlis ori ianvris gazeTi `Tbilisi~. ufro zustad,<br />

komunisturi gazeTi bedavs sabWoTa reJimis safuZvelTa<br />

safuZvlis, sasamarTlo sistemis kritikas: `samarTlebrivi<br />

reformis Sedegad, upirveles yovlisa, sasamarTlom mTeli<br />

sisruliT unda ganaxorcielos udanaSaulobis prezumfcia.<br />

220

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udanaSaulo adamiani ar unda daiCagros. sasamarTlo misTvis<br />

unda iyos TavSesafari yovelgvari devnisagan. es mxolod<br />

maSin iqneba SesaZlebeli, roca mosamarTle miiRebs srul<br />

iuridiul, ekonomikur da pirovnul (moralur) damoukideblobas.<br />

Tu daveTanxmebiT gamoTqmas, rom `iafi marTlmsajuleba<br />

saxelmwifos Zviri ujdeba~, am mxriv Cven friad<br />

arasaxarbielo mdgomareoba gvaqvs...<br />

TveSi oras maneTad Sefasebulma mosamarTlis jojoxeTurma<br />

da uaRresad sapasuxismgeblo Sromam sasurveli<br />

nayofi rom ver gamoiRos, ar aris gasakviri...<br />

mosamarTlis pirovnuli (moraluri) damoukideblobis<br />

mopoveba uaRresad Znelia da imitom ki ara, rom am Tavisuflebas<br />

kanonmdebloba ver mianiWebs. TviT mosamarTle,<br />

gnebavT, sasamarTlo ar aris mzad sruli TavisuflebisTvis.<br />

iuristTa axlandeli kadrebi, bunebrivia, im Zvel<br />

tradiciebze, samarTlis im koncefciazea aRzrdili,<br />

romelsac dRes ase daundoblad vakritikebT. momavalSi,<br />

albaT, unda movides mosamarTlis sruliad axali tipi.<br />

Tavisi pirdapiri movaleobis idealuri msaxuris garda,<br />

igi unda iyos moRvawe am sityvis saukeTeso gagebiT da ara<br />

mosamsaxure-obivateli. amas marto normatiuli aqtebis<br />

Secvla ver uSvelis. saWiroa dro, moTmineba da aseT moRvaweTa<br />

aRzrda. imazec mifiqria, rom maSin mec, iseve, rogorc<br />

Cemi Taobis yvela iurists, mosamarTlis umZimesi tvirTis<br />

tareba erTob gamiWirdeba. Cveni iuridiuli azrovneba xom<br />

avtoritaruli reJimis pirobebSi Camoyalibda~.<br />

gTxovT, yuradReba miaqcioT: 1989 wlis ianvris damdegs<br />

sabWoTa socialisturi sistemis kraxze saubari metismetad<br />

naadrevia. amave dros, partiul gazeTSi, partiis wevri<br />

mosamarTle (upartio mosamarTle sabWoTa sinamdvileSi,<br />

saerTod, ar arsebobda!) sabWoTa samarTlebrivi sistemis<br />

mankierebasa da sabWoTa avtoritarul reJimze laparakobs.<br />

rac mTavaria, dausjelad laparakobs! da ara marto<br />

vaJa abakelia. igive `Tbilisi~ aqveynebs profesor oTar<br />

gamyreliZis statiebis serias samarTlebrivi reformebis<br />

aucileblobaze. amave Temaze qveyndeba uamravi sxva statiac<br />

da poet jansuR Carkvianis leqsi-mowodebac:<br />

221

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`patara biWi `marTvedan~<br />

yels iRerebs da Tvals mikravs,<br />

mReris simReras qarTvelTa _<br />

`qarTvelo, xeli xmals ikar!~.<br />

imRere, orbis marTveo,<br />

mReriT gadaxval jebirsa,<br />

qarTveli kvlavac qarTvelobs,<br />

`dRe dadga gamarjvebisa~.<br />

jansuR Carkvianis sityvas, isic presaSi gamoqveynebuls,<br />

sxva fasi aqvs: Carkviani kompartiis Zveli wevria,<br />

umaRlesi sabWos uamravi mowvevis deputati, yvela mniSvnelovani<br />

adgilobrivi da sakavSiro `forumis~ monawile.<br />

swored es kaci yvelas saqveynod mouwodebs, qarTvelo<br />

xeli xmals ikar, dRe dadga gamarjvebisao!<br />

aseTi rameebis wera, ufro zustad, wera ki ara, komunistur<br />

presaSi gamoqveyneba, arc ise iolia. amitom redaqtori<br />

iZulebulia cota ieSmakos da sakuTari gazeTi<br />

amgvari gamoTqmebiTac Sealamazos: `partia yvelafers<br />

iRonebs socialisturi demokratiis Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />

sazogadoebriv-politikur cxovrebasa da<br />

marTvaSi TiToeuli adamianis aqtiuri monawileobisTvis,<br />

namdvili sruli saxalxo xelisuflebis gamarjvebisTvis~<br />

(gorbaCovis mimarTvidan partiisa da sabWoTa xalxisadmi).<br />

nu gagikvirdebaT, rom es citata amoRebulia erTi imdroindeli<br />

Cemi statiidan `mivdivarT demokratiisken~.<br />

`amxanagi~ gorbaCovi rom ar damemowmebina, sajarod ver<br />

vityodi mTavars: `dRevandel pirobebSi mosamarTle ver<br />

iqneba obieqturi. imitom ki ara, rom mas es ar unda, aramed<br />

imitom, rom mas ar SeuZlia iyos obieqturi.<br />

saxalxo mosamarTle arCeviTi Tanamdebobaa. sinamdvileSi<br />

aravin aravis ar irCevs _ mosamarTle iniSneba<br />

zemdgomi sasamarTlo organos mier partiul organoebTan<br />

SeTanxmebiT, an piriqiT _ partiuli organos mier<br />

zemdgom sasamarTlo organoebTan SeTanxmebiT. amdenad,<br />

saxalxo mosamarTle angariSvaldebulia ara xalxis,<br />

amomrCevlebis winaSe, aramed misi damniSnavis an damniS-<br />

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navebis winaSe. viTarebaSi, roca arseboben Tanamdebobis<br />

pirebi da organoebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT sakuTari neba<br />

ukarnaxon saxalxo mosamarTles, am ukanasknelis mxridan<br />

raime obieqturobaze fiqri ararealuria. igive SeiZleba<br />

gavimeoroT sxva `arCeviTi~ Tanamdebobis pirebis mimarT~<br />

`Tbilisis informacia~.<br />

amgvari `eSmakobani~ arc Cemi gamogonilia da arc<br />

Cemi Taobis sxva Jurnalistebisa. es iyo sabWoTa presaSi<br />

gavrcelebuli sistema, rasac, pirobiTad, `striqonebs<br />

Soris wera~ erqva.<br />

es 1989-is dasawyisia. aprilSi kritikisa da mowodebebis<br />

moCvenebiTi realizaciis dro dgeba. TbilisSi, rusTavelze,<br />

mTavrobis sasaxlis win aTi aTasobiT adamiani TavdaviwyebiT<br />

ewafeba erT dros sastikad akrZalul mowodebebs<br />

Tavisuflebasa da damoukideblobaze. uwyinari mitingi<br />

TandaTan kategoriul politikur moTxovnebze gadadis<br />

da sabWoTa reJimi mTel msoflios kidev erTxel uCvenebs,<br />

rom `xmebi misi gardacvalebis Sesaxeb gadaWarbebulia~:<br />

darbeuli mitingi, Teqvsmeti mokluli, asobiT dasaxiCrebuli,<br />

milionobiT sulierad travmirebuli adamiani.<br />

am dRes, 1989 wlis 9 aprils, saqarTveloSi sabWoTa istoria<br />

damTavrda.<br />

uotergeitis saqme xom gaxsovT? _ rogorc ki presaSi<br />

gamoqveynda dasabuTebuli informacia prezidentis saar-<br />

Cevno gundis usaqcielobaze, prezidenti gadadga!<br />

arc ufiqria, arc uyoymania, arc Tavis marTleba dauwyia<br />

_ am informaciis gamoqveynebisTanave postidan gadadga<br />

msoflios #1 politikuri figura _ amerikis SeerTebuli<br />

Statebis prezidenti!<br />

aseTi masStabebisa ara, magram Tvisobrivad msgavsi Sem-<br />

Txvevebi msoflio istoriaSi iSviaTi sulac ar aris. masmedias<br />

sakmaod iolad SeuZlia beWebze dasces nebismieri<br />

rangis politikuri moRvawe. erTi enamware Jurnalistis<br />

TqmiT, politikosi da koRo imiT hgvanan erTmaneTs, rom<br />

gazeTiT orives gasresa SeiZleba. warmoidgineT, XX saukunis<br />

bolos msgavsi ram saqarTveloSic moxda: gazeT<br />

`saqarTveloSi~ gamoqveynda informacia, rom uSiSroebis<br />

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saministro usmenda am gazeTis redaqtors nodar grigalaSvils.<br />

marTalia, rogorc civilizebul samyaroSi<br />

xdeba, amis gamo uSiSroebis ministri SoTa kviraia Tanamdebobidan<br />

sakuTari nebiT ar wasula, magram mis nacvlad<br />

es gaakeTa prezidentma SevardnaZem _ uSiSroebis ministri<br />

postidan gadaayena.<br />

ramdenime wlis Semdeg general kviraias bedi gaiziara<br />

misma memkvidre vaxtang quTaTelaZemac. 2001 wlis oqtombris<br />

bolos telekompania `rusTavi-2~-is ofisSi uSiSroebis<br />

saministros ramdenime TanamSromeli gamocxadda<br />

da kompaniis finansebis Semowmebis mizniT, dokumentebi<br />

moiTxova. kompaniis xelmZRvanelobam uSiSroebis Tanam-<br />

SromelTa moTxovna ukanonod miiCnia da Semmowmeblebs<br />

uari ganucxada. uSiSroebam telekompaniaSi damatebiTi Zalebi<br />

gamoiZaxa. kompaniis ofisi tyavis qurTukiani, Seiara-<br />

Rebuli kunTmagari biWebiT gaivso. Jurnalistebma televiziis<br />

ofisSi mimdinare koliziebis Ria eTerSi gadacema<br />

moaxerxes. popularuli telekompaniis mimarT Zaladoba<br />

Tbiliselebma sakuTar Seuracxyofad da sityvis Tavisuflebis<br />

xelyofad miiCnies _ telekompaniis ofisTan<br />

aTi aTasobiT adamiani Seikriba. viTareba ukiduresad daiZaba.<br />

isic saTqmelia, rom procesebs, faqtobrivad, TviT<br />

`dazaralebuli~ telekompania marTavda.<br />

uSiSroebis samsaxuris ramdenime TanamSromlis `iniciativa~,<br />

sabolood, katastrofuli aRmoCnda: Tanamdebobebi<br />

dakarges parlamentis Tavmjdomarem, saxelmwifo<br />

ministrma, uSiSroebis da Sinagan saqmeTa ministrebma da<br />

bevrma sxvam.<br />

SesaZloa, prezidents sxva, ufro mniSvnelovani motivebic<br />

hqonda odesRac sakuTari favoritebis mosaSoreblad,<br />

magram es mainc presis didi gamarjveba iyo.<br />

samarTlianobisTvis isic unda iTqvas, rom `rusTavi 2-<br />

Tan~ dakavSirebul procesebs virtuozulad warmarTavda<br />

prezident SevardnaZis xelisuflebis opoziciuri frTa<br />

momavali premieris, zurab Jvanias meTaurobiT. Tumca,<br />

vimeoreb, es mediis rols sulac ar akninebs _ sabolood<br />

xom yvelaferi misi xeliT gakeTda!<br />

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droni mefoben<br />

presas bevri ram SeuZlia. Cemi naTqvamis sailustraciod<br />

minda SemogTavazoT ramdenime magaliTi 1991 wlis<br />

modelis gazeT `dronis~ sinamdvilidan.<br />

`droni~ 1991 wlis 1 ivniss gamovida da mkiTxvelTa<br />

uzarmazari simpaTia Tavisi obieqturobiT daimsaxura.<br />

saqarTveloSi Zalian daZabuli politikuri viTareba iyo.<br />

xelisufleba uxvad arigebda mtrebisa da moRalateebis<br />

iarliyebs. pirvel mravalpartiul arCevnebSi gamarjvebulma<br />

`mrgvalma magidam~ aSkarad Tavi ver gaarTva saxelmwifos<br />

marTvas. ukve zafxulSi SeiZleboda gvevarauda,<br />

rom saqme aucileblad mividoda SeiaraRebul dapirispirebamde<br />

da, sabolood, _ samoqalaqo omamde. prezident<br />

gamsaxurdias zedized mosdioda sabediswero Secdomebi.<br />

saqarTvelos TiTqmis mTeli sainformacio sivrce monopolizebuli<br />

iyo xelisuflebis mier. mokled, es is droa,<br />

roca saqarTvelos `RvTis mier movlenili adamiani~, `wamebuli~,<br />

`didi lideri~ da, saerTod, alahis asive epiTetis<br />

mflobeli zviad gamsaxurdia da misi yovlad gamoucdeli<br />

gundi marTaven.<br />

am uaRresad rTul da saSiS dros `dronSi~ qveyndeba<br />

profesor Tamaz kvaWantiraZis statia `vaglax, ukvdavi~.<br />

me ver gavbedav am statiis romelime Jurnalistur Car-<br />

CoSi Casmas (romelime JanrisTvis mikuTvnebas). igi erTdroulad<br />

publicisturi statiac gaxlavT, mecnieruli<br />

gamokvlevac, essec da, Tu gnebavT, ubralod, warsulis<br />

gaxsenebac.<br />

statiis SesavalSi naTqvamia:<br />

`pirovneba xasiaTia. es xasiaTi ikveTeba, erTi mxriv,<br />

misi qmedebis, meores mxriv, _ azrovneba-metyvelebis<br />

safuZvelze.<br />

kaci rasa iqm da ras ambob _ es sakiTxis erTi mxarea; sxvani<br />

rogor aRiqvamen Sens qceva-metyvelebas _ es meore,<br />

aranakleb mniSvnelovani.<br />

winaaRmdegobrivi SeiZleba aRmoCndes ara marto Seni<br />

naTqvami Sensave naqnarTan, aramed movlenaTa sxviseuli<br />

aRqma-Sefaseba _ SeneulTan. amgvari winaaRmdegoba<br />

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zogjer tragikulia, zogjer _ komikuri, xSirad ki _<br />

tragikomikuri: pirovnebas gaaCnia~ (`dronis~ informacia).<br />

Semdeg mTel saqarTveloSi kargad cnobili oqropiri,<br />

literatori Tamaz kvaWantiraZe mogviTxrobs aseve mTel<br />

saqarTveloSi Zalian didi xania Zalian kargad cnobili<br />

literaturuli gmiris naTqvam-naqnarze da misi am naqnarnaTqvamis<br />

Sedegebsa da sazogadoebriv Sefasebaze.<br />

mokled, saubari exeba polikarpe kakabaZis* marTlac<br />

ukvdav gmirs _ yvaryvares*.<br />

arc erTi sityva arsebul xelisuflebaze, arc erTi<br />

sityva prezidentze an xelisuflebis romelime sxva warmomadgenelze!<br />

araviTari miniSneba, araviTari gadakruli<br />

sityva!<br />

amis miuxedavad, `dronis~ redaqcia da TviT Tamaz<br />

kvaWantiraZe kinaRam waleka xelisuflebis Tavgamodebul<br />

momxreTa risxvis niaRvarma _ rogor, Tqven Cveni prezidenti<br />

yvaryvare TuTabers SeadareTo?!<br />

asec iyo _ Tamaz kvaWantiraZem, yvaryvarizmis arsis<br />

CvenebiT, marTlac daxata zviad gamsaxurdias da misi fanatikuri<br />

mimdevrebis portreti.<br />

vwuxvar, batoni Tamazis im statias aq ver moviyvan, magram<br />

igi `dronSi~ 1991 wlis 18 oqtombers gamoqveynda da<br />

Zalian gTxovT, waikiTxoT, vinZlo yvaryvareSi zogierTi<br />

Tqveni Tanamedrove xelisufali amoicnoT _ yvaryvarizmi<br />

xom ukvdavia!<br />

`drons~ gulwrfelad surda maSindeli xelisuflebis<br />

mSvidobiani Secvla. am mizniT, man TiTqmis SeuZlebeli Se-<br />

Zlo _ sazogadoebas, amomrCevlebs daanaxa xelisuflebis<br />

namdvili saxe; daanaxa, rom fanatizmamde misuli patriotuli<br />

lozungebis ukan idga ukiduresi gulubryviloba,<br />

uvicoba, demagogia da farisevloba. `dronma~ es gaakeTa<br />

ubralod da genialurad _ xelisuflebis yvelaze<br />

aqtiuri mxardamWerebis werilebisa da umaRlesi rangis<br />

Cinovnikebis azrebis ukomentaro gamoqveynebiT!<br />

ar gjeraT? _ maSin Tvali gadaavleT am patar-patara<br />

werilebs, romlebic imdroindeli `dronidanaa~ amoRebuli:<br />

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prezidentSi xalxi xedavs RmerTs<br />

xalxs brbos rom uwodebs, im milionobiT xalxs, romlebmac<br />

xma miveciT baton zviad gamsaxurdias, gadadgeso<br />

rom brZanes, magaTma airCia Tu ra. Cven ar gvekiTxebian,<br />

Tu gadavayenebT. Tu Cven brbo varT, rogorc brZanes da<br />

araferi ar gagvegeba.<br />

ramdeni Zvirfasi inteligentia TbilisSi, romlebmac<br />

xma misces baton zviad gamsaxurdias, ramdeni inteligentia<br />

raionebSi romlebmac xma misca da moipova 87 procenti.<br />

Tu am erT muWa inteligentis ZaliT gadavayenebdiT. ratom<br />

gwyinT, rom ambobs Tqvenze moRalateebio. ratom gikvirT,<br />

ratom gwyinT, ara xarT? aba daukvirdiT Tqvens moqmedebas,<br />

jer iyo da prezidentobis kandidatebi, rogori<br />

uSveri sityvebiT lanZRavdnen baton zviad gamsaxurdias.<br />

amiT rac gaakeTes, is iyo ra procentebic miiRes, kargad<br />

ician. Semdeg SuriT da boRmiT sxva xerxebs mimarTes. axla<br />

prezidenti ar gvindao. Tu ar undodaT, ratom iklavdnen<br />

cocxal Tavs prezidentobaze.<br />

Cemo Zvirfaso inteligentebo, icodeT, gons Tu ar<br />

moxvediT, Tqveni iaraRis qarTvel ers ar eSinia. prezidentis<br />

gadadgomiT, es dRe RmerTma nu mogvaswros, ramdenic<br />

gindaT imdeni ambobs Semdeg sicocxle aRar Rirso.<br />

prezidentSi xalxi xedavs RmerTs, xalxis mxsnels da<br />

amiT Tqven nu gaborotdebiT da qviT, boTlebiT, iaraRiT<br />

da daniT Tavs nu esxmiT mTavrobis saxls. amas istoria ar<br />

gapatiebT.<br />

pelo SafaqiZe<br />

veRar moviTmine amdeni daumsaxurebeli sityvebi...<br />

Cven saqarTveloSi mcxovreb yvela xalxs gvwams Cvens<br />

mier kanonierad arCeuli prezidentis, veRar moviTmine<br />

amdeni daumsaxurebeli sityvebi: `prezidenti gadadges~,<br />

`araferi gaukeTebia~, `diqtatoria~ da sxva.<br />

batono redaqtoro: Tu gind aviRoT ramodenime werili,<br />

romlebic gamoqveynebulia Tqvens gazeTSi. Tu gind<br />

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werili `cixes rad unda rkinis karebi?~ batoni Wanturia<br />

misi weriliT cixidan moiTxovs xalxis mier arCeul da<br />

RmerTidan movlenil prezidentis gadadgomas. vin aris<br />

Wanturia? viTom qarTveli xalxis erTgulia? Wanturiam<br />

airCia Cveni prezidenti? rodesac mis partiam boikoti<br />

gamoucxada arCevnebs, da qarTveli xalxisaTvis mtrobis<br />

meti araferi gaukeTebia da akeTebs. aseve mis gverdiT mdgomi<br />

iaraRiT SeiaraRebuli batoni i. wereTeli moiTxovs<br />

prezidentis z. gamsaxurdia gadadges da qarTveli xalxis<br />

mtris eduard SevardnaZis Camoyvanas saqarTveloSi, risTvis<br />

viTomda qarTveli xalxis sakeTildReoT? qarTvelma<br />

xalxma kargad icis SevardnaZe is qarTvelia, romelsac ar<br />

uyvars arc saqarTvelo da arc qarTveli xalxi, is didi<br />

politikosia mxolod Tavisi TavisaTvis, kargad gaixsenon<br />

misi moRvaweoba saqarTveloSi, ramdeni qarTveli adamiani<br />

daRupa.<br />

aseve minda mogaxsenoT Jurnalist baton kvaracxeliaze<br />

da mis daweril werilSi, `darCa ori gza Tqven romels<br />

irCevT~? aq batoni kvaracxelia Txovs Cvens prezidents<br />

`Seibralos Tavisi xalxi~ da is xalxic, romelic TiTqos<br />

mas sZuls~ da rom sisxlis Rvra ar moxdes gadadges. batoni<br />

v. kvaracxelia cdeba am TxovnaSi, man kargad unda<br />

icodes Cveni prezidenti didi damTmobi brZandeba rom<br />

mas arcerTi qarTveli ar sZuls, Tu gind icodes, rom<br />

is misi mteria. da aseve yvelafer daTmobaze wava, rom<br />

saqarTveloSi ar moxdes ZmaTa sisxlis Rvra. batono v.<br />

kvaracxelia Tqven ra gaakeTeT qarTveli xalxisaTvis?<br />

da bolos batoni j. Carkvianis werili `poetis tyviiT<br />

mokluli kaci?~ Tavis werilSi batoni j. Carkviani sayvedurobs<br />

baton m. maWavarians, TiTqos man daketa mweralTa<br />

kavSiri da milicielebi daayena da koperativad gadaaqciao.<br />

batono jansuy saWiro yofila Tu ara ase moqceuliyo<br />

batoni m. maWavariani? exla ras brZanebs batoni jansuyi?<br />

vin dauSina mweralTa kavSirs tyviebi? amas TviT<br />

unda gvipasuxos batonma jansuyma. batono redaqtoro:<br />

Tqven kargad iciT Tu ra Caidines egrewodebul opozicionerma<br />

da puCistebma, magram amaT Sesaxeb erTi sityvac<br />

ar sweria, ise gamodis TiTqos yvelaferi es danaSauli<br />

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prezidentis momxreebis mier ari Cadenili. sircxvili<br />

Tqven da imaT, vinc ase usamarTlo werilebs aqveyneben.<br />

gTxovT, SewyvitoT.<br />

batono redaqtoro: vnaxoT, Tu rogor gaakritikebT da<br />

ise `Selamazebuli~ gamoaqveynebT Cems werils.<br />

pensioneri<br />

mariam ZoZuaSvili,<br />

sof. ofSkviTi (`dronis~ informaciebi).<br />

gulze xeli daideT da, ara rogorc damwyebma an Tundac<br />

profesionalma Jurnalistma, aramed, rogorc qveynis<br />

moWirnaxule moqalaqem, TqviT, dadgebodiT Tu ara im<br />

xelisuflebis gverdiT, romelsac aseTi Wkuis adamianebi<br />

uWeren mxars?<br />

ra Tqma unda, gazeTSi ibeWdeboda opoziciis warmomadgenelTa<br />

analitikuri statiebi da redaqciis TanamSromelTa<br />

ironiuli, oRond obieqturi reportaJebi. es<br />

iyo sistematuri, gamiznuli mZime Sroma.<br />

xelisuflebam `dronisTvis~ raime seriozuli argumentebis<br />

dapirispireba ver SeZlo, Tu mxedvelobaSi ar<br />

miviRebT redaqciis TanamSromelTa lanZRva-ginebas, gaqilikebas,<br />

moRalated da agentad Seracxvas da sxva.<br />

maSindelma xelisuflebam ver gabeda da arc ikadra<br />

`dronis~ daxurva _ es Zalian cudad imoqmedebda xelisuflebis<br />

isedac SelanZRul saerTaSoriso avtoritetze<br />

da uamrav mters SesZenda Sin, saqarTveloSi. `dronis~ gadarCenaSi<br />

udavod didi wvlili miuZRvis maSindeli uzenaesi<br />

sabWos kulturisa da ganaTlebis komitetis Tavmjdomares,<br />

`mrgvali magidis~ mTavar ideologs, Temur<br />

qoriZes.<br />

maSindeli `dronis~ redaqciaSi, iqneb stiqiurad, magram<br />

mainc, Seiqmna namdvili `gonebrivi centri~, saidanac ganxorcielda<br />

uZlieresi da efeqturi Seteva sazogadoebriv<br />

cnobierebaze. SemdegSi msgavsi ram verc `dronma~ da verc<br />

romelime sxva gazeTma ver gaimeora. amas mravali mizezi<br />

hqonda da odesme mis Sesaxebac giambobT.<br />

ara, `drons~ ar moumzadebia saxelmwifo gadatrialeba,<br />

ar wamouwyia samoqalaqo omi, aTiaTasobiT adamianis codva<br />

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sakuTar kiserze ar auRia _ rac moxda, istoriuli kanonzomierebiT<br />

iyo gamowveuli. `dronma~ gaakeTa mxolod is,<br />

rac axlaxans mogaxseneT _ sazogadoebas xelisuflebis<br />

namdvili, Seulamazebeli saxe daanaxa da amiT movlenaTa<br />

ganviTareba daaCqara.<br />

presa, ra Tqma unda, ar aris yovlisSemZle, magram igi<br />

aris uZlieresi da Zalian saxifaTo iaraRi Wkviani adamianebis<br />

xelSi.<br />

am Wkviani adamianebis gamoCenas saqarTvelo jer kidev<br />

elis.<br />

es maSin moxdeba, roca saqarTveloSi moulodneli TavisuflebiT<br />

dasadgurebuli eiforia gaivlis, roca politikaSi<br />

grZnobebis adgils civi goneba da civi angariSianoba<br />

daiWers.<br />

presa marTlac didi da saSiSi Zalaa. didia am Zalis<br />

aradaniSnulebisamebr gamoyenebis cdunebac. presa _<br />

Tavisufalic, oficiozic, yviTelic da mwvanec unda<br />

emsaxurebodes qveynis interesebs. vimeoreb, _ unda emsaxurebodes<br />

qveynis interesebs.<br />

axla Cven mivadeqiT kidev erT uaRresad saWirboroto<br />

problemas, romelsac pirobiTad SeiZleba ewodos<br />

xelisufleba da presa<br />

Tavisufali presa aris Tavisufali, demokratiuli<br />

sazogadoebis pirmSo, misi yovlad aucilebeli atributi.<br />

demokratiuli saxelmwifos gareSe warmoudgenelia<br />

damoukidebeli presis arseboba da piriqiT, _ damoukidebeli<br />

Tavisufali presis gareSe warmoudgenelia<br />

demokratiuli saxelmwifos arseboba.<br />

mokled, ar arsebobs erTi meorisgan damoukideblad.<br />

swored amitom da, albaT, imis gamoc, rom sakuTari demokratizmi<br />

msofliosTvis daenaxvebina, erT-erTi pirveli<br />

kanoni, romelic gamsaxurdias xelisuflebam miiRo,<br />

iyo kanoni presis Sesaxeb.<br />

es iyo uaRresad rTuli da areuli dro. faqtobrivad, ar<br />

moqmedebda Zveli da ar gvqonda axali sakanonmdeblo baza.<br />

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aseT viTarebaSi presis kanonis miReba, presisa da sazogadoebis<br />

interesebidan gamomdinare, aucilebeli iyo.<br />

ver vityvi, rom kanoni uzado iyo. piriqiT, mas Zalian<br />

bevri xarvezi hqonda, magram igi unda mieRoT da miiRes<br />

kidec. es iyo 1991 wlis dasawyisSi. barem imasac vityvi,<br />

rom mravali mizezis gamo, is kanoni arasodes amuSavebula<br />

_ Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, sakanonmdeblo sistemidan<br />

amovardnili aRmoCnda. es yvelam Zalian swrafad<br />

SeniSna.<br />

saerTod, TiTqmis mTel msoflioSi drodadro ifeTqebs<br />

xolme kamaTi presis Sesaxeb kanonis `yofna-aryofnis~<br />

Taobaze. xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa erTi nawili<br />

amtkicebs, rom aseTi kanonmdeblobis miReba aucilebelia.<br />

meore nawili radikalurad gansxvavebuli azrisaa. azrTa<br />

sxvadasxvaobaa TviT JurnalistTa Sorisac.<br />

vidre momxreTa da mowinaaRmdegeTa argumentebze gadavidodeT,<br />

kidev erTxel gavixsenoT, rom mas, visac presis<br />

gakontroleba SeuZlia, didi upiratesoba eZleva politikur<br />

oponentebTan brZolaSi. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom<br />

saxelmwifo aris adamianis TavisuflebaTa SezRudvis<br />

daxvewili sistema, kontrolidan gasuli, anu Tavisufali<br />

presa xelisuflebas did, zogjer dauZlevel problemebs<br />

uqmnis.<br />

presaSi, rogorc wesi, aisaxeba saxelmwifos metnaklebad<br />

realuri suraTi. bunebrivia, aisaxeba zogadad xelisuflebisa<br />

da konkretulad xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa<br />

mankierebanic: usamarTloba, uniaToba, meqrTameoba.<br />

xSirad, xelisuflebas Tavisufali presa sWirdeba<br />

msoflio sazogadoebriobis Tvalis asaxvevad _ SemogvxedeT,<br />

ra demokratebi varT, presis ra TviTnebobas viTmenTo.<br />

asea, vidre xelisufleba sustia da sazogadoebis<br />

daTrgunvis naklebi Sansi aqvs. rogorc wesi, naxevrad demokratiul<br />

qveyanaSi represiuli aparatis gaZlierebasTan<br />

erTad, Cndeba presis raRac `kanonier CarCoebSi~ moqcevis<br />

saWiroebac. amitomac xelaxla agordeba xolme kampania<br />

presis axali kanonis miRebis moTxovniT. am moTxovnaTa<br />

motivacia daaxloebiT aseTia:<br />

1. presaSi metismetad gaxSirda dausabuTebeli, uar-<br />

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gumento, pirovnebis Rirsebisa da pativis Semlaxveli<br />

masalebis gamoqveyneba;<br />

2. qveyndeba cilismwamebluri da Seuracxmyofeli<br />

masalebi;<br />

3. qveyndeba saxelmwifo saidumloebasTan dakavSirebuli<br />

masalebi;<br />

4. presaSi daiwyo totaluri Seteva xelisuflebaze;<br />

5. presa xels uSlis saxelisuflo organoebis normalur<br />

funqcionirebas.<br />

ra Tqma unda, xelisufleba sakuTar moqalaqeebs amSvidebs<br />

kidec, _ presis kanonier CarCoSi Casma cenzuris<br />

SemoRebas sulac ar niSnavs, yvelaferi es Cveni megobari<br />

presis sakeTildReod keTdebao.<br />

es Zalian Zveli, nacnobi, gacveTili da mosawyeni hangebia<br />

da, ai, ratom:<br />

saqarTvelos magaliTi rom moviSvelioT, presaSi<br />

pirovnebis Rirsebisa da pativis Semlaxveli, Seuracxmyofeli<br />

an cilismwamebluri masalebis gamoqveyneba isjeba kanonmdeblobiT.<br />

Tu vinmes kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli sasjeli<br />

metismetad loialuri eCveneba, maSin unda dadges Sesabamis<br />

kodeqsSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setanis sakiTxi. Tuki<br />

misi ufleba, Rirseba an pativi Seilaxa, saqarTvelos nebismier<br />

moqalaqes ufleba aqvs mimarTos sasamarTlos da miyenebuli<br />

moraluri zaralis anazRaureba moiTxovos.<br />

saxelmwifo saidumloebis dacva unda uzrunvelyos<br />

saxelmwifom. Tu vinme Segnebulad moipovebs saxelmwifo<br />

saidumloebas misi meore qveynisTvis miyidvis mizniT, ase-<br />

Ti qmedebac mkacrad isjeba sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT.<br />

rac Seexeba xelisuflebaze totalur Setevas, ar meguleba<br />

romelime demokratiuli qveynis presa, romelic<br />

sakuTar xelisuflebas `totalurad~ ar utevdes. ase rom<br />

ar iyos, presis arseboba, saerTod, azrs dakargavda. aqedan<br />

gamomdinare, masobrivi informaciis Sesaxeb kanonis<br />

miRebas, Cemi azriT, mxolod erTi mizani aqvs _ presaze<br />

saxelisuflo kontrolis daweseba.<br />

demokratiuli sazogadoebisTvis sruli anaqronizmi<br />

da fulis yovlad uazro fantvaa oficiozis, anu xelisu-<br />

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flebis azris gamomxatveli presis arseboba. msoflio gamocdilebam<br />

didi xania daamtkica, rom viwro uwyebrivi an<br />

xelisuflebis azris gamomxatveli masobrivi informaciis<br />

saSualebebis Senaxva biujets, anu qveynis moqalaqeebs Zalian<br />

Zviri ujdeba. xolo arapirdapiri Semosavali aqedan,<br />

ubralod, ar arsebobs. roca xelisufleba presis Tavisuflebaze<br />

Tavis gamodebas iwyebs, es, upirveles yovlisa,<br />

avtoritarizmisken swrafvas niSnavs.<br />

saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier 2000 wlis miwuruls<br />

presis mimarT gacxadebuli politikis (presisTvis `Tavisi<br />

adgilis~ miCenis mcdelobis) ganWvreta Zneli sulac<br />

ar yofila. jer kidev 1994 wels gamoqveynebul erT-erT<br />

statiaSi viwinaswarmetyvele, rom es uTuod ase moxdeboda.<br />

ubralod, zusti TariRi SemeSala _ presis winaaRmdeg<br />

mimarTuli kampania navaraudevze odnav gvian daiwyo.<br />

daukvirdiT, dRidan saqarTveloSi Camosvlisa (1992<br />

wlis marti) saqarTvelos prezidents (romelsac xan saxelmwifo<br />

sabWos Tavmjdomare erqva, xan _ parlamentis<br />

Tavmjdomare da xanac _ saxelmwifos meTauri) zogierT<br />

gazeTSi yovlad uSveri sityvebiT lanZRavdnen da fantastikur<br />

braldebebs uyenebdnen. da ara marto mas. Rrmad Casangrebuli<br />

prezidenti da misi amala principulad dumda.<br />

aqaoda, gagvdiso, presa sul gadairia _ kvlav mkvdruli<br />

mdumareba. igrZnoboda, rom xelisufleba Zalebs ikrebda<br />

da `mamxilebel dokumentebsac~ agrovebda.<br />

darwmunebuli var, amasobaSi specsamsaxurebi presis<br />

winaaRmdeg imden dokuments daagrovebdnen, saqarTvelos<br />

yvela damoukidebeli gamocemis asakrZalavad savsebiT<br />

sakmarisi rom iqneboda.<br />

magaliTebi Zalze Sors wagviyvans. mxolod 2000 wlis<br />

`literaturuli saqarTvelo~ rom gadaaTvalieroT, darwmundebiT,<br />

rom qarTuli presa namdvilad ascda Tavis orbitas:<br />

iq imdeni adamiania galanZRuli da cildawamebuli,<br />

salaparakod naxevari evropis gazeTebs rom eyofa. axla<br />

saqme teqnikazea _ Tu mraval codvaSi gareuli Tavisufali<br />

presa saswrafod dadumda, Zalian kargi. Tu ar dadumda,<br />

ise daadumeben (da savsebiT kanonieradac!), Tqvengan<br />

mowonebuli.<br />

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oca xelisufleba iZulebulia presa gaaCumos, an moqmedebis<br />

areali SemousazRvros, es arc presis Zlierebaze<br />

miuTiTebs da arc xelisuflebisa. piriqiT, aseTi<br />

damokidebuleba, zogadad, presisa da xelisuflebis<br />

umweobaze metyvelebs. presa umweoa imis gamo, rom xelisufleba<br />

Tavisi ganzraxvis Tundac gamJRavnebas bedavs.<br />

xelisufleba ki umweoa imis gamo, rom mas presis<br />

Tundac odnav SezRudvis survili uCndeba.<br />

xelisufleba, romelic sakuTari tyavis gadarCenas<br />

presis SezRudvaSi xedavs, ganwirulia dasaRupavad.<br />

Tanac, presis SesazRudad gadadgmuli pirveli nabijisTanave.<br />

presis winaaRmdeg naTqvami gadakruli sityvac ki Jurnalistur<br />

wreebSi da mTlianad sazogadoebaSi tradiciulad<br />

Zalian mwvave reaqcias iwvevs. am dros TiTqos yvelas<br />

aviwydeba, rom es aris xelisuflebis ukiduresi<br />

krizisis, SeiZleba iTqvas _ agoniaSi myofi xelisuflebis<br />

ukanaskneli gabrZoleba. vimeoreb, amas gvkarxanobs<br />

msoflio gamocdileba. Tu qveyanaSi sagangebo mdgomareoba<br />

ar gamocxadda, presis SezRudva, mravali mizezis gamo,<br />

praqtikulad SeuZlebelia.<br />

mokled, qarTvel Jurnalistebs SeuZliaT mSvidad<br />

ixmauron _ msoflio istorias ar axsovs precendenti,<br />

xelisuflebisa da presis brZolaSi sabolood xelisuflebas<br />

gaemarjvos.<br />

icvlebian mTavrobebi, mmarTvelobis sistemebi, saxelmwifoebis<br />

sazRvrebi; zogi saxelmwifo sulac qreba<br />

msoflios politikuri rukidan da mis nacvlad axali<br />

aRmocendeba. asea qveynis gaCenidan dRemde. ucvlelia<br />

mxolod xelisuflebisa da presis kritikuli urTierTdamokidebuleba.<br />

swored es aris sazogadoebis ganviTarebis<br />

erT-erTi mamoZravebeli Zala. presa aiZulebs xelisuflebas,<br />

iyos fxizlad da... metnaklebad patiosnad.<br />

Tavisufali presa icavs sazogadoebas xelisuflebis<br />

TviTnebobisgan. nebismier normalur xelisuflebas<br />

haeriviT sWirdeba Tavisufali presa.<br />

ra Tqma unda, saubaria seriozul presaze da ara yvi-<br />

Telze, pornografiulze, uwyebrivze da a.S.<br />

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Tavi VIII<br />

Jurnalisturi gamoZieba<br />

pirveli saqme<br />

Cemi Jurnalisturi moRvaweoba swored gamoZiebiT daiwyo.<br />

damwyebi Jurnalisti aRmaSfoTa Tbilisis metros<br />

sadgurSi momxdarma faqtma _ milicielma daakava Cveni<br />

dedaqalaqis stumari, sami Svilis deda rusi erovnebis qalbatoni<br />

(im periodSi mxolod sabWoTa moqalaqeebi arsebobdnen<br />

da, bunebrivia, cimbireli qalbatoni TbilisSic<br />

`Sin~ iyo). dakavebis mizezi metismetad trivialuri gaxldaT<br />

_ qalbatoni SeekamaTa metros molares. sinamdvile-<br />

Si, milicielis moqmedeba im qalis mSvenierma garegnobam<br />

da Cacmulobam, ufro sworad, Caucmelobam gamoiwvia _<br />

Tbilisis zRvidan momavali turisti, rbilad rom vTqva,<br />

metismetad Silifad Cacmuli gaxldaT.<br />

`wesrigis damcvelis~ saubedurod, naxevrad SiSveli<br />

qalbatoni erTob principuli da mebrZoli xasiaTisa aRmoCnda.<br />

misi dakavebis momentSi viTareba ise gamwvavda,<br />

rom milicielma metros matareblebis moZraoba oci wu-<br />

TiT gaaCera. bolos da bolos, Tavisas mainc miaRwia da,<br />

imdroindeli miliciuri terminologia rom moviSvelio,<br />

`eWvmitanili samorigeoSi warmoadgina~.<br />

milicielma moriges moaxsena, rom am qalbatonma uxeSad<br />

daarRvia sazogadoebrivi wesrigi, ar daemorCila mis<br />

moTxovnas, abuCad aigdo sazogadoeba da ase Semdeg. samorigeoSi<br />

daiwyes `saqmis Sekerva~. ar gaWra Cemi da sxva moqalaqeebis<br />

keTilma rCevebma, Txovnam, muqaram, rom es umsgavsoba<br />

gazeTis furclebze moxvdeboda... mokled, is qali<br />

da misi sami mcirewlovani bavSvi `kutuskaSi~ Casves, Cven ki<br />

dagvpirdnen, rom Tu bevrs `vixtunavebdiT~, mezobel kameraSi<br />

gvikravdnen Tavs.<br />

davukavSirdi metros policiis xelmZRvanelobas<br />

(ufrosis garda) _ araferi gamovida. mokled, rigiTma milicielma<br />

pirvel raundSi didi upiratesobiT gaimarjva.<br />

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meore raundSi saqmeSi CaerTo `mZime artileria~<br />

`Tbilisis~ redaqtoris, arCil gogelias meTaurobiT.<br />

mesame raundSi gamoqveynda Cemi werili `da iqmna simar-<br />

Tle~, meoTxe raundSi ringze TeTri pirsaxoci gadmoagdo,<br />

anu redaqciaSi gvestumra metros miliciis ufrosi<br />

da mogvaxsena, rom damnaSave miliciels sadisciplino<br />

komisiam samudamo diskvalifikacia miusaja _ samsaxuridan<br />

daiTxova.<br />

es iyo gamoZieba cxel kvalze. Jurnalisti uSualod<br />

monawileobda sagamoZiebo RonisZiebebSi da, kacma rom Tqvas,<br />

didi gavlena iqonia gamoZiebis saboloo Sedegzec.<br />

am istoriis yvelaze saintereso Tavi swored amis Semdeg<br />

daiwyo. oriode kviraSi redaqciaSi momakiTxa ukve<br />

samoqalaqo pirad qceulma, umuSevrad darCenilma milicielma.<br />

_ sasayveduro aravisTan araferi maqvs. Cemma sibriyvem<br />

damRupa. unda damejerebina rom meubnebodiT, samsaxurs<br />

dakargavo. Sevcdi. Tqven ra, arasodes SemcdarxarT?<br />

_ CemTan amis saTqmelad moxvediT-meTqi? _ davubrune<br />

kiTxva.<br />

_ ara, batono. saqme is aris, rom me oTxi Svilis mama var,<br />

raionidan Camovedi da aq erToTaxian naqiravebSi vcxovrob.<br />

Cems sofelSi sam Zmas erTi patara saxli gvaqvs. Cemi<br />

samsaxuridan gagdeba niSnavs, rom col-Svili mSieri da<br />

Ria cis qveS mrCeba, binis miRebis aRricxvidanac momxsnian<br />

(gagikvirdebaT da, komunistur epoqaSi binebs saxelmwifo<br />

darkveuli pirobebiT ufasod iZleoda!). wasasvlelic<br />

aRarsad maqvs. miliciaSi komkavSiruli sagzuriT mivedi<br />

(mmarTvelobis komunisturi reJimi aseT rameebsac gulisxmobda).<br />

raime specialuri ganaTlebac ara maqvs, qarxanaSi<br />

rom vimuSavo. Tanac, am qalaqSi arc megobrebi myavs da<br />

arc naTesavebi. Tqvens garda aravisTan mimesvleba. Tqven<br />

dampirdiT, rom miliciidan damiTxovdnen da damiTxoves.<br />

axla isev Tqven unda miSveloT...<br />

monologi sakmaod grZeli iyo. Tvalcremliani milicieli<br />

ar cruobda.<br />

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`karuselis~ ukan datrialeba gacilebiT rTuli aRmoCnda.<br />

sabWoTa miliciis Cinebs Zalian gauWirdaT dajereba,<br />

rom Cven gulwrfelad gvsurda davxmarebodiT swored<br />

im kacs, oriode dRis win samsaxuridan rom gavaZevebineT.<br />

sabolood, yvelaferi ise damTavrda, rogorc zRaprebSi<br />

xdeba-xolme _ rus qalbatons miliciis polkovnikma piradad<br />

mouxada bodiSi da isic mSvidobianad gaemgzavra<br />

mSobliur cimbirSi; me principuli da mebrZoli Jurnalistis<br />

saxeli movipove, Cvenma gazeTma _ ramdenime aTasi<br />

axali xelmomweri. Cveni redaqtoris mondomebiT, dasjili<br />

milicieli samsaxurSic aRadgines da Tavis raionSi sakarmidamo<br />

nakveTic misces.<br />

SegaxsenebT, es iyo komunistebis mmarTvelobis dros,<br />

roca presis principuloba erTob pirobiTi cneba gaxldaT,<br />

anu presa imdenad iyo principuli, ramdenadac amis<br />

uflebas iZleoda partiuli cenzura.<br />

90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos JurnalistTa<br />

kavSiris egidiT Catarda ramdenime soliduri Sexvedra<br />

friad pativcemuli gvamebis monawileobiT. es patiosani<br />

sazogadoeba seriozulad ganixilavda sakiTxs JurnalistebisTvis<br />

raRac privilegiebis, sagangebo uflebamosilebisa<br />

da TviT cecxlsasroli iaraRis tarebis<br />

uflebis miniWebis Taobaze. rac mTavaria, JurnalistTa<br />

uflebebis amgvar gafarToebaze, Jurnalisturi<br />

gamoZiebis avan-Cavanze yvelaze TavgamodebiT is adamianebi<br />

msjelobdnen, visac Jurnalistad arasodes emuSava. anu<br />

me micavdnen is adamianebi, romlebmac arc icodnen da arc<br />

surdaT gaegoT, mWirdeboda Tu ara maTi dacva.<br />

aseTi adamianebi yvela qveyanaSi da yvela sferoSi arseboben.<br />

isini gamudmebiT fusfuseben cnobili mwerlebis,<br />

mxatvrebis, reJisorebis, msaxiobebis, Jurnalistebis Tu<br />

kriminaluri avtoritetebis gverdiT.<br />

Tu Tqven odesme gamoCenili adamiani gaxdiT, ecadeT, ar<br />

gagaRizianoT uniWoTa da xelmocarulTa momabezrebelma<br />

meurveobam. isinic adamianebi arian da sxvisi didebidan<br />

pawia natexis miTvisebas cdiloben.<br />

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ogor daviwyoT?<br />

pasuxi Zalian ubraloa _ Jurnalisturi gamoZieba<br />

unda daviwyoT informaciis SegrovebiT. es aris rTuli,<br />

Sromatevadi, xangrZlivi da umaduri saqme. upirveles<br />

yovlisa, unda icodeT, sad da rogor eZeboT saWiro informacia.<br />

erT mxiarul Tavgadasavals giambobT.<br />

Cemma megobarma, SesaniSnavma iuristma damireka da<br />

mTxova, mimeRo misi kolega, prokuraturis maRali rangis<br />

Cinovniki. es iyo centnernaxevriani, RaJRaJa, sakmaod gulaxdili<br />

kaci.<br />

_ me ar dagiwyebT mtkicebas, mama abramis batkani var,<br />

cxovrebaSi ukanono araferi Camidenia-meTqi. dasamali<br />

ra maqvs _ Cemze ukeT iciT, rac aris prokuratura. xdeba<br />

xolme, aSkara ukanonobas CavdivarT, magram fuli swored<br />

saqmis kanonierad gadawyvetaSi keTdeba. ki batono, saqme<br />

saqmeze Tu midga, mec da prokuraturis TanamSromelTa<br />

absoluturi umravlesobac cimbirs ver unda gadavurCeT,<br />

magram im saqmeSi, risTvisac batonma (da aq prokurorma<br />

erTi cnobili mwerlis gvari daasaxela)... erT-erT JurnalSi<br />

gamakritika, sruliad ubralo var. es iyo urTulesi<br />

saqme. SemiZlia viamayo, rom me da Cemma megobrebma igi<br />

yvela wesisa da kanonis dacviT gamoviZieT. mweralma ki<br />

yvelaferi Tavdayira daxata.<br />

me ki, ubralod, ar vici, rogor vupasuxo mwerals. ai, ra<br />

davwere...<br />

da prokurorma wamikiTxa pasuxis varianti, _ raRac<br />

saSualo mecxreklaseli gogonas sasiyvarulo baraTsa da<br />

sabraldebo daskvnas Soris.<br />

mokled, prokurorTan ase SevTanxmdiT: igi gamacnobda<br />

saqmesTan dakavSirebul yvela dokuments, pirdapir da<br />

arapirdapir mtkicebulebebs, mwerlis publikaciasac. me<br />

Sevecdebodi mis nacvlad damewera sapasuxo werili. ra<br />

Tqma unda, Tu marTlac davrwmundebodi prokuroris simarTleSi.<br />

oriode dRis Semdeg Cvens `italiur~ ezoSi sabargo manqana<br />

Semovida da Cems isedac viwro binaSi dapirebuli do-<br />

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kumentebis Semozidva daiwyes. es iyo uzarmazari `saqme~,<br />

asze meti sqeltaniani tomi!<br />

warmoidgineT, ramdeni dro da energia dasWirdeboda<br />

am dokumentaciis gacnobas, dakonspeqtebas, gaanalizebas,<br />

zogierTi saeWvo gadawyvetilebis kvalificiur<br />

iuristebTan Semowmebas. da yvelaferi es imisTvis, rom<br />

mere oriod saaTSi prokuroris saxeliT damewera asocstriqoniani<br />

pasuxi pativcemuli mwerlis vrcel braldebebze.<br />

gTxovT, yuradRebiT moekidoT erT faqts: me, Jurnalists<br />

mTxoves `ubralo~ samsaxuris gaweva _ davxmarebodi<br />

viRac prokurors viRac mwerlisTvis pasuxis gacemaSi,<br />

anu CemTvis saqmis masalebis gacnoba da sakuTari azris<br />

gamoTqma aravis dauvalebia...<br />

prokuroris pasuxi erT-erT respublikur gazeTSi<br />

gamoqveynda, rasac dauyovnebliv mohyva mwerlis reaqciac<br />

_ man prokuroris winaSe sajarod bodiSi moixada Tavis<br />

publikaciaSi daSvebuli uneblie, magram mZime Secdomebis<br />

gamo. prokurorma, namdvilad vici, didi siamovnebiT miiRo<br />

mwerlisgan sajarod bodiSis moxda da, Cemda gasakvirad,<br />

Tanamdebobidan gadadga.<br />

Cemi gvari, ra Tqma unda, arsad ar gamoCenila. bunebrivia,<br />

odesme verc prokuroris xelmoweriT gamoqveynebuli<br />

statiiT viamayeb (simarTle rom giTxraT, saTauric aRar<br />

maxsovs), magram kidev erTxel minda SegaxsenoT _ saqmisadmi<br />

profesiuli damokidebuleba nebismier SemTxvevaSi<br />

aucilebelia. im astomiani `saqmis~ Seuswavlelad kvalificiuri<br />

sagazeTo masala ver momzaddeboda. didi-didi,<br />

momzaddeboda prokuroris mier dawerili abdaubdis<br />

gramatikuli TvalsazrisiT kvalificiurad gasworebuli<br />

varianti, romelic sakmarisze metad ambiciur mwerals<br />

bodiSs ver moaxdevinebda.<br />

amiT mxolod erTi ram mindoda meTqva _ Tu Jurnalisturi<br />

gamoZiebis dauZleveli survili gagiCndaT, mzad<br />

unda iyoT nebismieri odenobis, nebismieri epoqisa da<br />

nebismieri Sinaarsis dokumentebis mosapoveblad, Sesaswavlad<br />

da gasaanalizeblad.<br />

Tumca, aseTi Tavgamodebac sakmarisi ar aris. saWiroa<br />

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kidev uSualod Tqveni, piradi dakvirveba movlenaTa ganviTarebaze.<br />

ar unda daiviwyoT, rom Zalian xSirad saqme<br />

gaqvT samkvdro-sasicocxlod dapirispirebul mxareebTan<br />

da maTgan erT-erTi aucileblad tyuis (kanonis<br />

winaSe, ra Tqma unda). isic SeiZleba, orive tyuodes, magram<br />

warmoudgenelia, orive mxare marTali rom iyos.<br />

xSirad, adamianebi, samarTlebrivi gaunaTleblobis,<br />

Tu fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis gamo, gulwrfelad arian<br />

darwmunebuli sakuTar simarTleSi. aseTi adamianebis<br />

gadarwmuneba, ubralod, wylis nayvaa. uamravi calmxrivi<br />

dokumentiT da zepiri informaciiT kargad SeiaraRebuli<br />

aseTi adamianebi gansakuTrebuli mizandasaxulobiT<br />

gamoirCevian, dadian redaqciebSi da xSirad aRweven kidec<br />

mizans, _ sakuTar mosazrebebs Tavs axveven redaqciebs<br />

an romelime Jurnalists. isini xSirad ubeduri, sabralo<br />

adamianebi arian. jiutad eZeben sakuTari Svilis sikvdil-<br />

Si damnaSave pirebs. asaxeleben maT, mkvlelebis mfarvelebzec<br />

miuTiTeben, argumentebic moaqvT... da, samwuxarod,<br />

xSirad cdebian kidec.<br />

asea mTel msoflioSi da asea CvenTanac, saqarTveloSi.<br />

istoria, romelsac axla Zalian mokled giambobT, 1979<br />

wels daiwyo. igi nebismieri JurnalistisTvis mravalmxriv<br />

saintereso, ucnauri da sazarelic kia.<br />

tipiuri sabWoTa industriuli qalaqi SeZrwunebuli<br />

iyo _ dilis 7 saaTsa da 40 wuTze qarxanaSi mimavalma<br />

muSebma gareubanSi liandagze dagdebuli axalgazrda<br />

qali ipoves. sastikad nawamebi, tansacmel Semoxeuli gogona<br />

jer kidev cocxali iyo. igi saavadmyofoSi miyvanidan<br />

ramdenime saaTis Semdeg gons mousvlelad gardaicvala.<br />

dadginda daRupulis vinaoba _ saSualo skolis 17 wlis<br />

moswavle nunu gvazava.<br />

gamoZiebam damnaSave aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi ver aRmoaCina.<br />

saqme samudamod SeCerda.<br />

oTxmociani wlebis miwuruls sabWoTa sistemiT ukmayofilo<br />

mraval jgufTan erTad Tbilisis quCebSi gamovidnen<br />

adamianebi, romlebic xelisuflebisgan moiTxovdnen<br />

sxvadasxva dros saeWvo viTarebaSi daRupuli axloblebis<br />

saqmeebis xelaxla gamoZiebas, damnaSaveTa dad-<br />

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genas da maT dasjas. rogorc giTxariT, mraval maTgans<br />

hqonda mkvlelobis sakuTari versia, asaxelebdnen mkvlelebs<br />

da maT mfarvelebsac. es iyo radikalurad ganwyobili<br />

sakmaod mravalricxovani jgufi, pirobiTi saxelwodebiT<br />

`Saosnebi~.<br />

rac mTavaria, am cxovreba gamwarebuli adamianebis ganwyobas<br />

da moTxovnebs hqonda realuri safuZveli. bevri<br />

maTgani iqneb mcdar daskvnamdec midioda, magram amis<br />

safuZvels iZleoda swored gamoZiebis mier xelovnurad<br />

`gafuWebuli~ saqmeebi.<br />

`SaosanTa~ Soris iyvnen `industriul qalaqSi~ mokluli<br />

gogonas mSoblebic.<br />

komunisturi xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda Seeqmna<br />

`SaosanTa~ saqmeebis Semswavleli specialuri damoukidebeli<br />

jgufi. samarTlis profesor oTar gamyreliZesTan<br />

erTad, am mravalricxovani jgufis erT-erTi wevri mec<br />

gaxldiT.<br />

batonma profesorma gvazavas Tormettomiani sagamoZiebo<br />

saqmis Seswavla me momando.<br />

saqmis masalebis mixedviT, gogona saxlidan 25 maiss, dilis<br />

6 saaTsa da 50 wuTze gavida _ qalaqis meore boloSi<br />

megobar gogonasTan erTad mecadineobas apirebda. megobari<br />

erT-erT fabrikaSi muSaobda, Tavis TanamSromel<br />

gogonasTan erTad naqiraveb erToTaxian binaSi cxovrobda<br />

da isic, nunus msgavsad, misaRebi gamocdebisTvis emzadeboda.<br />

gamoZiebis oficialuri masalebis Seswavlis Semdeg<br />

pirveli didi Seusabamoba, rac TvalSi momxvda, aseTi iyo:<br />

nunu Sinidan dilis eqvs saaTsa da ormocdaaT wuTze gavida.<br />

daaxloebiT 50 wuTis Semdeg ki sulTmobrZavi ipoves<br />

saxlidan aTiode wuTis savalze. sasamarTlo-samedicino<br />

eqspertizis daskvniT, igi ramdenime piris mier gaupatiurebuli<br />

da sastikad nacemi iyo. anu gogona dilaadrian<br />

pirdapir quCidan moitaces, sadRac waiyvanes, winaaRmdegobis<br />

gawevis Semdeg barbarosulad scemes, ramdenjerme<br />

gaaupatiures, Semdeg ki waiRes da rkinigzis liandagebze<br />

daagdes. da yvelaferi es sul raRac 50 wuTSi!<br />

gasaocari is iyo, rom gamoZiebis am versias nunus mSo-<br />

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lebic eTanxmebodnen. isini kategoriulad amtkicebdnen,<br />

rom gogona Sinidan swored im tragikuli SemTxvevis dilas,<br />

eqvs saaTsa da 50 wuTze gavida. mSoblebma igive gaimeores<br />

CemTan saubarSic.<br />

Znelia, ar endo erTaderTi Svilis damkargav mSoblebs,<br />

magram faqtebi jiutad ar emTxveoda oficialur versias.<br />

Zalian swrafad gavarkvie, rom gogona mSoblebis biologiuri<br />

Svili ar yofila. misi namdvili mSoblebi saqarTvelos<br />

erT-erTi maRalmTiani raionis sofelSi cxovrobdnen<br />

da gardacvlilis garda kidev Svidi Svili hyavdaT.<br />

qalaqeli mSoblebi, albaT, provinciuli simorcxvis<br />

gamo, malavdnen, rom gogona Sinidan im sabediswero diliT<br />

ki ara, wina saRamos gavida. Rame Sin ar gauTevia. davadgine,<br />

rom es ar yofila pirveli SemTxveva _ nunu Tavis megobrebTan<br />

RamisTeviT sxva drosac darCenila.<br />

male isic gavarkvie, rom industriul qalaqSi moqmedebda<br />

sabWoTa `oqros biWunebis~ xuTkaciani jgufi, romelic,<br />

ZiriTadad, qalwulebis gaupatiurebiT erToboda.<br />

jgufis `beladi~ TviT qalaqis mTavari partiuli bosis<br />

dediserTa vaJi iyo.<br />

gamoZiebis masalebidanac ki SeiZleboda mimxvdariyaviT,<br />

rom nunus megobari gogonebi `TanamSromlobdnen~<br />

garewrebis bandasTan. am daundobeli biWebisa eSinodaT<br />

kidec da patar-patara saCuqrebsac iRebdnen _ restornebi,<br />

piknikebi, biJuteria...<br />

roca sxva gamosavali ar darCa, erT-erTma gogonam<br />

miTxra, rom biWebi nunus uTvalTvalebdnen.<br />

darwmunebuli var, yvelaferi es SesaniSnavad icoda<br />

gamoZiebamac, magram mas qalaqis Tavis avtoriteti Trgunavda.<br />

amitom siamovnebiT CaeWida mSoblebis oficialur<br />

Cvenebas, gogona Sinidan diliT gavidao da damnaSave-<br />

Ta kvalis waSlac moaxerxa: saqmidan gaqra eqspertizis<br />

daskvnebi, mowmeTa `saeWvo~ (mamxilebeli) Cvenebebi da a. S.<br />

samagierod, daapatimres sxva jgufis wevrebi, romlebic<br />

male ise gaaTavisufles, arcerTi seriozuli SekiTxva ar<br />

dausvamT. gamoZiebisve mondomebiT, qalaqidan gaqra erTi<br />

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inZuri meZavi, romelsac, savaraudod, bevri ram unda<br />

scodnoda.<br />

bedma gamiRima da, jer is meZavi aRmovaCine, xolo misi<br />

meSveobiT, mkvlelobis erT-erTi mowmec. sabolood, ase-<br />

Ti suraTi daixata:<br />

17 wlis nunu gvazava Sinidan gavida daaxloebiT saRamos<br />

rva saaTisTvis. mas ukve eloda avtomanqana volga `oqros<br />

biWunebis~ xalxiT. gogona ZaliT Casves manqanaSi da daaxloebiT<br />

aTi wuTis Semdeg qalaqgareT, vagonebSi mcxovreb<br />

muSebTan miiyvanes. iqve iyo is meZavic, romelic erTgvari<br />

Suamavlis rols asrulebda motacebul gogonas da moZaladeebs<br />

Soris. ufro zustad, cdilobda gogona winaaRmdegobis<br />

gawevis uazrobaSi daerwmunebina; urCevda, aeRo<br />

SeTavazebuli kompensacia _ 2500 maneTi. arc qrTamma, arc<br />

Segonebebma, arc muqaram rom ar gaWra, gagulisebulma bi-<br />

Webma (isini oTxni iyvnen) gogonas cemiT `Wkuaze moyvana~<br />

gadawyvites. gogonam biWebs sastiki winaaRmdegoba gauwia.<br />

maSin mas TavSi mZime saferfle Caartyes da ukve gonebadakarguli<br />

oTxma kacma rigrigobiT gaaupatiura. amasobaSi<br />

Rame gailia kidec.<br />

danarCeni ukve iciT, _ gogonas ugono sxeuli manqanis<br />

sabarguliT waiRes da liandagebze daagdes.<br />

sabolood, prokuraturam saqme samudamod SeaCera. mkvlelebi<br />

sasjels gadaurCnen.<br />

yvelafer amas ki, rogorc giTxariT, sakuTari provinciuli<br />

morcxvobisa Tu ampartavnobis gamo, gogonas mSoblebmac<br />

Seuwyes xeli.<br />

maT, albaT, arc SeeZloT Sedegis winaswar gamocnoba.<br />

sakuTari versiiT, isini, qveSecneulad gogonas namdvili<br />

mSoblebis winaSe Tavis marTlebas cdilobdnen _ maT xom<br />

SviliviT nazardi, usayvarlesi gogona Sinidan diliT ki<br />

ara, RamiT gauSves da amiT uneblied mkvlelebs Seuwyes<br />

xeli.<br />

simarTle mec ar miTxres. Tumca, TiTqmis zustad asaxelebdnen<br />

mkvlelebisa da maTi mfarvelebis vinaobas. magram<br />

ukve gviani iyo _ diliT, roca gogona sikvdils<br />

ebrZoda, yvela mkvlels sakuTar sawolSi mSvidad eZina _<br />

maT asprocentiani alibi hqondaT.<br />

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modi, gamoviZioT...<br />

Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis, rogorc Janris usazRvro<br />

popularoba Jurnalistur bazarze am saxis produqciaze<br />

didi moTxovnilebiT aixsneba. es bunebrivia _ sazogadoebas<br />

ainteresebs kriminaluri istoriebi. oRond is, rac<br />

presaSi qveyndeba da mkiTxvels Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis<br />

nimuSebad miewodeba, Zalian xSirad sulac ar aris damoukidebeli<br />

gamoZiebis Sedegi.<br />

gamoZieba aris marTlmsajulebis erT-erTi yvelaze<br />

rTuli, Sromatevadi da xSirad sicocxlisTvis saxifaTo<br />

sfero. oficialuri organoebis profesional gamomZiebels<br />

civilizebul samyaroSi uzarmazar materialur anaz-<br />

RaurebasTan erTad aqvs kanoniT miniWebuli sagangebo<br />

uflebamosileba (dakiTxvis, dakavebis, cecxlsasroli<br />

iaraRis tarebis, sapatimroebSi, saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi<br />

sagamoZiebo RonisZiebebis Catarebis ufleba; teqnikuri<br />

aRWurvilobiTa da saidumlo operatiuli monacemebiT<br />

sargeblobis, operatiuli da saidumlo samsaxurebis<br />

daxmarebis SesaZlebloba da a.S.).<br />

da mainc, uamravi danaSaulis saidumloeba samudamod<br />

saidumloebad rCeba _ oficialuri gamoZieba ver axerxebs<br />

danaSaulis gaxsnas, anu namdvili damnaSavisTvis bralis<br />

damtkicebas.<br />

Jurnalisti-gamomZiebeli am komforts moklebulia.<br />

mas aqvs friad SezRuduli materialuri resursebi da uflebrivi<br />

mdgomareoba: ar SeuZlia mowmis an eWvmitanilis<br />

oficialuri dakiTxva, eWvmitanilis droebiTi izolacia;<br />

mas ar exmareba araviTari saxelmwifo struqtura (piriqiT,<br />

siamovnebiT uSlis xels!); ara aqvs fizikuri pirisgan<br />

dokumentebis moTxovnis ufleba; aravin awvdis operatiul<br />

monacemebs da mravali sxva.<br />

imasac nu daviviwyebT, rom srulfasovani gamoZieba gamomZieblisgan<br />

Rrma profesiul codnas da gamocdilebas<br />

moiTxovs.<br />

yvelaferi amis sapirispirod, Jurnalist-gamomZieblebs<br />

aqvT ori ram _ profesiuli (Jurnalisturi) motivacia<br />

da Jini. erTic da meorec friad dasafasebeli da<br />

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angariSgasawevia, magram, samwuxarod, saSualo sirTulis<br />

saqmis gamosaZieblad sakmarisi ar aris.<br />

Segnebulad, Tu qvecnobierad es yvela Jurnalistma da<br />

redaqciam icis, magram popularul Janrs amis gamo veravin<br />

Selevia. mokled, ikvreba jadosnuri wre:<br />

Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis, rogorc Janris, daTmoba<br />

SeuZlebelia; aseve SeuZlebelia redaqciis resursebiT<br />

metnaklebad rTuli saqmis obieqturi gamoZieba!<br />

vinaidan gamosavali arsebobs yvela gamouvali mdgomareobidan,<br />

igi am SemTxvevaSic moiZebna.<br />

damoukidebel Jurnalistur gamoZiebad warmatebiT<br />

saRdeba:<br />

1. romelime saxelmwifo sagamoZiebo uwyebis mier redaqciisTvis<br />

(an damoukidebeli JurnalistisaTvis) miwodebuli<br />

masalebis zerele analizi.<br />

XXI saukunis dasawyisis saqarTveloSi winaswari<br />

gamoZiebis prerogativa hqonda policias, prokuraturas da<br />

uSiSroebis samsaxurs. amas davumatoT sagadasaxado inspeqcia,<br />

finansTa saministro, Tavdacvis saministro, samxedro<br />

prokuratura, dazvervis departamenti da, rac mTavaria,<br />

kontrolis palata. rogorc wesi, yvela es saxelmwifo organizacia<br />

erTmaneTis mimarT gansakuTrebulad gulTbili<br />

damokidebulebiT ar gamoirCeva. anu TiToeuli maTgani<br />

redaqcias siamovnebiT miawvdis paraleluri sagamoZiebo<br />

organos saxelis gamtex da sakuTari `kaikacobis~ damamtkicebel<br />

masalebs. es masalebi, ra Tqma unda, calmxrivia,<br />

magram amis garkveva redaqciis Zalebs aRemateba. asec rom<br />

ar iyos, presa mudam Cqarobs sensaciuri masalebis gamoqveynebas<br />

da... sabediswero Secdomebic garantirebulia _<br />

sagamoZiebo organoebi mudam cdilobdnen, cdiloben da<br />

momavalSic ecdebian gamoZiebis sakuTari versiis da ara<br />

obieqturi sinamdvilis gaxmaurebas.<br />

2. erT-erTi mxaris advokatis xelT arsebuli masalebi<br />

da am advokatis mosazrebebi.<br />

modi, SevTanxmdeT: raime saintereso movlenis absoluturi<br />

sizustiT aRdgena praqtikulad SeuZlebelia,<br />

Tundac es saintereso ram dRisiT-mzisiT, uamravi mowmis<br />

Tvalwin iyos momxdari. nebismieri donis gamoZiebis mizani<br />

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ar unda iyos da arc aris absoluturi WeSmaritebis dadgena.<br />

gamoZieba iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT mtyuan-marTlis<br />

garCevas cdilobs, sasamarTlo ki Cadenil danaSauls arsebuli<br />

kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul kvalifikacias<br />

aniWebs da sasjelis zomasac gansazRvravs.<br />

am ubralo WeSmaritebas mxolod imis gamo vixseneb,<br />

rom Tqveni bevri winamorbedis Secdoma ar gaimeoroT _<br />

ararsebuli simarTlis Ziebas sakuTari Jurnalisturi<br />

kariera ar SeswiroT.<br />

aqve kidev erTi Zalian seriozuli safrTxis Taobazec<br />

mogaxsenebT. nebsiT Tu uneblied `gamomZiebeli Jurnalistebi~<br />

Zalian xSirad sakuTar Tavze iReben advokatis<br />

funqcias _ icaven romelime erTi mxaris interesebs.<br />

Jurnalisti ar SeiZleba iyos advokati, vinc kanoniT<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli yvela xerxiT icavs klientis interesebs.<br />

misTvis mniSvnelovania ara, zogadad, simarTle,<br />

aramed is simarTle, rac xels aZlevs mis klients. anu,<br />

bunebaSi TiTqmis ar arsebobs absoluturad obieqturi<br />

advokati, vinaidan igi valdebulia daicvas Tavisi klientis<br />

interesebi, _ swored amaSi iRebs gasamrjelos.<br />

Jurnalistis (redaqciis) amocana radikalurad gansxvavebulia<br />

_ igi cdilobs, zogadad, simarTlis dadgenas.<br />

vimeoreb, gamomZiebeli Jurnalisti romelime mxaris<br />

interesebs ki ara, simarTlis interesebs emsaxureba.<br />

yovel SemTxvevaSi, unda emsaxurebodes. es garemoeba<br />

kidev ufro amZimebs Jurnalistis mdgomareobas: Tu, magaliTad,<br />

advokats erTi mowinaaRmdege, erTi maginebeli hyavs,<br />

niWier da obieqtur (simarTlis maZiebel) Jurnalists<br />

erTbaSad samjer meti `mteri~ uCndeba _ orive dapirispirebuli<br />

mxare da ganmsjeli organo _ sasamarTlo.<br />

WirisufalTa Wirveuloba. bunebrivia, Wirisufali<br />

orive dapirispirebul mxares hyavs _ dazaralebulsac da<br />

gansasjelsac. bevri mtkiceba arc imas sWirdeba, rom erTsac<br />

da meoresac sakuTari Tavi usamarTlod dasjilad,<br />

xolo mowinaaRmdege _ usamarTlod dausjelad miaCnia.<br />

amitom orive mxaris argumentebs, _ dokumentebsac da<br />

Teoriulsac _ (pirdapir da irib mtkicebulebebs) udidesi<br />

sifrTxiliT unda moekidoT. isic unda gaiTvaliswinoT,<br />

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om Wirisuflebi wlebis ganmavlobaSi naloliavebi argumentebis<br />

msxvrevas Zalian mtkivneulad ganicdian.<br />

jer kidev 1988 wlis seqtemberSi gazeT `TbilisSi~<br />

gamoqveynda sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo masalebze dayrdnobiT<br />

Seqmnili publicisturi naSromi `ucxo naTesavi~.<br />

igi exeboda msoflioSi cnobili sportsmenis mier Cadenil<br />

SemaZrwunebel danaSauls. avtorma scada mkiTxvelisTvis<br />

daenaxvebina, rogor mivida 30 wlis saxelganTqmuli<br />

sportsmeni Semzarav danaSaulamde da amaSi arsebul<br />

samarTlebriv sistemasac adanaSaulebda. saqme is aris,<br />

rom vidre mcirewlovan biZaSvil gogonas gaaupatiurebda<br />

da moklavda, sportsmenma bevri sxva danaSauli Caidina,<br />

maT Soris, boroti xulignoba, xandazmuli qalbatonis<br />

gaupatiureba, mcirewlovani biWis gaupatiurebis mcdeloba<br />

da sxva. samarTaldamcvelebisTvis yvelaferi es Tavis<br />

droze cnobili iyo, magram avtoritetma Tavisi gaitana<br />

da damnaSave ar daisaja. sabolood ki moxda iseTi ram,<br />

risi dafarvac avtoritetis yovlisSemZle mfarvelebmac<br />

ver SeZles.<br />

maSindeli saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi<br />

amgvari danaSaulisTvis sikvdiliT dasjas iTvaliswinebda.<br />

sasamarTlodan aTi wlis Semdeg avtorTan mTeli Can-<br />

Ta dokumentebiT xelSi gamocxadda damnaSavis deda. misi<br />

pretenzia Jurnalistisadmi, arc meti, arc naklebi, aseTi<br />

iyo: Sen mokali Cemi Svili!<br />

Turme, es ambavi presiT rom ar gaxmaurebuliyo, is cnobili<br />

sportsmeni sastik sasjels gadaurCeboda.<br />

scadeT da, sikvdiliT dasjilis dedas auxseniT, rom<br />

misi Svili Jurnalistma ki ara, sakuTarma saqcielma da<br />

mmarTvelobis maSindelma sistemam imsxverpla.<br />

didi xnis winaT erTma Cemma kolegam gamacno SavebSi<br />

Cacmuli dardiani kaci, saxelad SoTa da mTxova, davxmarebodi.<br />

rogorc gairkva, ramdenime wlis winaT SoTa ojaxiT<br />

avtoavariaSi moxvedrila da im tragikuli SemTxvevisas<br />

misi 22 wlis fexmZime qaliSvili daRupula.<br />

Seviswavle am SemTxvevasTan dakavSirebuli masalebi.<br />

Sevxvdi mowmeebs, davaTvaliere SemTxvevis adgili<br />

da orive naavarievi avtomanqana, gavecani eqspertebis<br />

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daskvnebs, advokatebis, TviT mosamarTlis mosazrebebs da<br />

ase Semdeg. aRmoCnda, rom avtoavariaSi damnaSave mZRoli<br />

Ss saministros TanamSromeli, mfarvelTa wyalobiT, ramdenime<br />

wlis ganmavlobaSi dausjeli rCeboda. saqme ki Se-<br />

Cerebuli iyo bralis daudastureblobis gamo.<br />

gazeTSi werilis gamoqveynebis Semdeg, sisxlis samar-<br />

Tlis saqme xelaxla aRiZra, damnaSave mZRoli sakmaod operatiulad<br />

gaasamarTles da, Tu mexsiereba ar mRalatobs,<br />

Svidi wliT patimroba miusajes.<br />

werilis gamoqveynebidan ramdenime dRis Semdeg redaqciaSi<br />

im raionis sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare gvewvia. mas<br />

surda Cvenive gazeTiT ganecxadebina, rom Tavis droze<br />

damnaSave mZRolis saqmis gamoZiebasa da gasamarTlebaSi<br />

araviTari monawileoba ar miuRia da presaSi gamoTqmuli<br />

pretenziebi mas ar exeboda (misi gvari Cems statiaSi naxsenebi<br />

arc yofila). Txovna SevusruleT.<br />

mosamarTlis am umtkivneulo ganmartebas CemTvis yovlad<br />

moulodneli, magram Cveni sazogadoebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli<br />

Sedegi mohyva: redaqciaSi gamocxadda swored<br />

is Savebiani, dardiani batoni SoTa da sastikad gamlanZRa,<br />

radgan im raionis mosamarTles, Tundac savsebiT logikurad,<br />

gazeTSi Tavis marTlebis saSualeba miveciT!<br />

batonma SoTam mravali wlis Semdeg swored Cemi da redaqciis<br />

saSualebiT ipova samarTali. da mainc, yovlad<br />

daumsaxureblad gagvlanZRa da kari gaijaxuna.<br />

mudam unda gaxsovdeT, rom Tqveni keTilSobiluri<br />

TavgamodebisTvis madlobis nacvlad, SesaZloa, aliyuri<br />

miiRoT. adamianebis umravlesobas ar uyvars madlobis<br />

gadaxda mis mimarT gaweuli uangaro samsaxuris gamo.<br />

hgoniaT, rom madloba maT samudamod avaldebulebs sikeTis<br />

gamkeTeblisadmi. uWirT am tvirTis tareba da suls<br />

amgvari meTodiT imsubuqeben.<br />

sazogadoebrivi azri. kidev erTxel gavimeoreb: rac<br />

ukve vTqvi da ris Tqmasac am wignis damTavrebamde movaswreb,<br />

sulac ar gaxlavT absoluturi WeSmariteba. es aris<br />

erTi kacis mosazrebebi da gnebavT gaiziareT, gnebavT _<br />

ara. yovel SemTxvevaSi, ukritikod nurafers irwmunebT,<br />

maT Soris, aseT sakamaTo Tezissac _ sazogadoebrivi<br />

248

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azri Zalian xSirad Zalian Sors dgas WeSmaritebisgan.<br />

es ar niSnavs, rom sazogadoebrivi azri saerTod ar arsebobs,<br />

an sazogadoebriv azrs, Tundac aSkarad mcdars,<br />

angariSi ar unda gavuwioT. saqmec is aris, rom igi arsebobs<br />

da, gvinda Tu ara, angariSic unda gavuwioT.<br />

erT mkafio magaliTs gavixseneb. gasuli saukunis oTxmociani<br />

wlebis bolos ura-patriotuli moZraobis propagandistebisa<br />

da aSkara provokatorebis ZalisxmeviT<br />

saqarTveloSi Camoyalibda mtkice sazogadoebrivi azri,<br />

rom saqarTvelos hqonda sakmarisze meti resursi sabWo-<br />

Ta kavSirisgan damoukideblad arsebobisTvis: citrusebi,<br />

venaxebi, Cais plantaciebi, mineraluri wylebi, qvanaxSiri,<br />

kurortebi, navsadgurebi, mZime da msubuqi samrewvelo potenciali<br />

da a.S. mTavari iyo politikuri da ekonomikuri<br />

damoukideblobis mopoveba. samwuxarod, Zalian swrafad<br />

davrwmundiT sawinaaRmdegoSi _ politikurma damoukideblobam<br />

erTbaSad Tavs dagvatexa ekonomikis arnaxuli ngreva,<br />

umwvavesi politikuri dapirispireba, samoqalaqo<br />

omi, sibnele, sicive, SimSili da usamarTloba.<br />

anu maSindeli sazogadoebrivi azri dafuZnebuli iyo<br />

demagogiaze, sicrueze da elementalur uvicobaze. magram<br />

es iyo sazogadoebrivi azri da maSin mis winaaRmdeg<br />

galaSqreba mxolod erTeulebma Tu gabedes. es erTeulebi<br />

ki gaxldnen is adamianebi, romlebic maSindeli politikuri<br />

elitisgan sakmarisze metad Sors idgnen. zogierTi maTgani,<br />

magaliTad, msoflio saxelis mqone filosofosi, akademikosi<br />

merab mamardaSvili* sakuTar ideebs Seewira kidec.<br />

sazogadoebrivi azri xSirad damTrgunvelad moqmedebs<br />

presaze.<br />

`gamomZiebeli~ Jurnalisti zogjer erTgvari aRfr-<br />

TovanebiTac ki ijerebs erT-erTi mxaris argumentebs.<br />

gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tu saqme pirovnebasa da romelime<br />

uwyebas (vTqvaT, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros) Soris dapirispirebas,<br />

an, ubralod, romelime saxelmwifo uwyebisa<br />

da misi xelmZRvanelobis saeWvo moqmedebas exeba. Jurnalistis<br />

simpaTiebi aTidan cxra SemTxvevaSi mainc, Zlevamosili<br />

saxelmwifo uwyebis winaaRmdeg amxedrebuli uSiSari<br />

meomris mxaresaa. da, ai, presaSi Cndeba statiebi, sadac<br />

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saubaria, Tu rogor aiRo ministrma qrTamad asi aTasobiT<br />

dolari, rogor gaaTavisufles Tanamdebobidan simarTlisTvis<br />

mebrZoli TanamSromeli, rogorc daiCagra<br />

`sami Svilisa da xuTi SviliSvilis erTaderTi marCenali<br />

bebia~ da sxva uamravi momxiblavi zRapari.<br />

socialuri dakveTa. Cven xSirad da samarTlianad<br />

vamayobT, rom vemsaxurebiT Tavisufal presas. msoflios<br />

demokratiuli qveynebis xelisuflebebic amayoben, rom<br />

Tavisufali presa demokratiis upirvelesi monapovaria.<br />

TviT komunisti ideologebic TavgamodebiT amtkicebdnen,<br />

rom yvelaze Tavisufali, yvelaze demokratiuli presa mxolod<br />

socialistur samyaroSi arsebobda. mokled, yvela<br />

_ xarTumidan, Tbilisis gavliT vaSingtonamde mxolod<br />

Tavisufal presaze zrunavs.<br />

es, ra Tqma unda, asea, magram nu daizarebT da am wignis<br />

is adgilebi gaixseneT, sadac presis mniSvnelobaze, presisa<br />

da xelisuflebis damokidebulebaze, zogadad, presis<br />

raobazea saubari. gaixseneT? _ maSin sulac ar gagiWirdebaT<br />

daaskvnaT: presa kacobriobis iseTi Zvirfasi, iseTi<br />

mniSvnelovani monapovaria, iseTi gavlena aqvs sazogadoebaze,<br />

rom mis Tavisuflebaze saubari metismetad<br />

gadaWarbebulia.<br />

masobrivi informaciis nebismieri saSualeba, vaRiarebT<br />

Tu ara amas, emsaxureba misi mflobelis interesebs.<br />

ar aris savaldebulo, rom es mflobeli maincdamainc saxelmwifo<br />

iyos. igi SeiZleba iyos romelime partia, profkavSiri,<br />

banki, kompania, samrewvelo klani da a.S. ase rom,<br />

cneba `Tavisufali presa~ pirobiTia. igi, SesaZloa, gaTavisuflebuli<br />

iyos saxelmwifo cenzurisgan, magram araviTar<br />

SemTxvevaSi _ misi mflobeli-damfinanseblisgan.<br />

presa marTlac Zalian seriozuli Zalaa imisaTvis, rom<br />

sruliad Tavisufali iyos. gTxovT, kidev erTxel yuradReba<br />

miaqcioT, rom saubaria presis, zogadad, masobrivi<br />

informaciis saSualebaTa Tavisuflebaze da ara sityvis<br />

Tavisuflebaze.<br />

vimeoreb: rogorc wesi, `Tavisufals~ vuwodebT masobrivi<br />

informaciis saSualebebis im nawils, romelzec<br />

ar vrceldeba xelisuflebis diqtati.<br />

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aqedan gamodinare, msoflio presaSi da, warmoidgineT,<br />

saqarTvelos presaSic xSirad gvxvdeba xelisuflebis<br />

romelime Stos, an romelime finansuri klanis dakve-<br />

TiT Sesrulebuli statiebi, maT Soris, Jurnalisturi<br />

gamoZiebis Janrisa.<br />

1995 wlis bolos da 1996 wlis pirvel naxevarSi profesor<br />

jaba ioselianisa da mis mier Seqmnil patriotul<br />

organizacia `mxedrionis~ danaSaulebriv qmedebaTa gamoaSkaravebas<br />

zedized ramdenime aTeuli nomeri miuZRvna<br />

yovelkvireulma `saxalxo gazeTma~. ganzraxva, ra Tqma<br />

unda, misasalmebelia, magram aq uxeSad iyo darRveuli<br />

udanaSaulobis prezumfcia, adamianis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi<br />

eTikac: xelisuflebis mier aSkarad politikuri<br />

mosazrebebiT dakavebuli mravali eWvmitanili, maT<br />

Soris, iseTebic, romlebic male sasamarTlom sxvadasxva<br />

motiviT gaaTavisufla pasuxismgeblobidan, damna-<br />

Saveebad iyvnen gamocxadebuli.<br />

komunistur presaze xom laparakic zedmetia. Tavi davaneboT<br />

ocian, ocdaaTian Tu samocian wlebs. ase iyo ma-<br />

Sinac, roca saqarTvelos cekas pirveli mdivani `demokrati~<br />

eduard SevardnaZe gaxda. im Soreul 1972 wels, jer<br />

kidev amxanagad wodebulma qveynis pirvelma pirma meqr-<br />

Tameobisa da `ukanono Semosavlebis~ winaaRmdeg daundobeli<br />

brZolis raundebi wamoiwyo. gadaxedeT maSindel<br />

presas _ igi aWrelebulia am aqciebis mxardamWeri yvela<br />

Janris `Jurnalisturi SedevrebiT~. Tumca, maSinac yvela<br />

metnaklebad moazrovne adamianma SesaniSnavad icoda, rom<br />

yvelaferi es farisevloba, sazogadoebisTvis TvalSi nacris<br />

Seyra iyo da meti araferi. am `raundebs~, kanonebis<br />

gasastikebas, gauTavebel taSiscemas Sedegi ar mohyveboda<br />

im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom `diadi sabWoeTis~ erT provinciaSi<br />

mmarTvelobis reJimis Seucvlelad cxovrebis<br />

wesis Secvla yovlad warmoudgeneli gaxldaT.<br />

rogor moviqceT?<br />

Jurnalistur gamoZiebasTan dakavSirebiT iseTi sura-<br />

Ti daixata, es kiTxva bunebrivad Cndeba. gamoviZioT, Tu<br />

ar gamoviZioT?! rogorc zemoTac vTqvi, Jurnalistur<br />

gamoZiebaze uaris Tqma SeuZlebelia da srulfasovani Ju-<br />

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nalisturi gamoZiebis Catarebac TiTqmis gadauWreli<br />

problemebis winaSe gvayenebs!<br />

xolo namdvili gamoZiebis nacvlad, mkiTxvelisTvis<br />

naxevarfabrikatis SeCeCeba uRirsi saqcielia. aseT SemTxvevaSi,<br />

albaT, ajobebs, Cvens naSrom-najafs ar davarqvaT<br />

`Jurnalisturi gamoZieba~. gamoviZioT mxolod iseTi saqmeebi,<br />

risi Zalac Segvwevs da, rac gansakuTrebul operatiulobas<br />

ar moiTxovs.<br />

maS, evropeli da amerikeli Jurnalistebi rom iZiebeno?<br />

_ ikiTxavT da marTalic iqnebiT, magram gaviTvaliswinoT<br />

ori ram: jer erTi, im bednieri qveynebis Jurnalistebsac<br />

bevri da mZime Secdoma mosdiT; meorec _ iqauri da Cveneburi<br />

Jurnalistebis (redaqciebis) finansuri SesaZleblobebis<br />

Sedareba, ubralod, SeuZlebelia.<br />

mokled, vakeToT is, rac SegviZlia da davelodoT<br />

ukeTes droebas.<br />

rogor movamzadoT<br />

sagazeTo masala Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis<br />

Sedegebze<br />

Tqveni mZime da xangrZlivi Sroma warmatebiT dagvirgvinda<br />

_ xelTa gaqvT kargad gaanalizebuli dokumenturi<br />

masala. axla saWiroa misi presisTvis momzadeba _ statiis<br />

dawera. vimeoreb, unda daiweros sagazeTo statia da<br />

ara sabraldebo daskvna. roca saqme gamoZiebis Sedegebis<br />

gamoqveynebaze midgeba, am or cnebas (`sagazeTo statia~ da<br />

`sabraldebo daskvna~) Jurnalistebic da iuristebic Zalian<br />

xSirad erTmaneTSi ureven. ufro zustad, Jurnalistebi<br />

cdiloben statia sabraldebo daskvnas daamsgavson,<br />

iuristebi _ piriqiT, rogorme sabraldebo daskvna gadaakeTon<br />

statiad.<br />

sagazeTo statiaSi sulac ar aris savaldebulo Tqveni<br />

uklebliv yvela daskvnis faqtebiT da argumetebiT damtkiceba,<br />

kodeqsebisa da sxva normatiuli aqtebis moSvelieba,<br />

e.w. `saqmis furclebis~ miTiTeba da a.S. es mxolod ma-<br />

Sinaa aucilebeli, Tu vinme gekamaTebaT da sapirispiros<br />

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damtkicebas cdilobs. statiaSi unda Candes, rom avtori<br />

mocemul saqmes srulyofilad icnobs; xelTa aqvs ufro<br />

meti dokumenti, vidre oficialur gamoZiebas. Tu yvela<br />

Tqveni dokumentis gamomzeurebas da yvela argumentis<br />

Sesabamisi faqtebiT damtkicebas ganizraxavT, miiRebT<br />

uzarmazar, mkiTxvelisTvis friad mosawyen mtkicebulebaTa<br />

nusxas. ra Tqma unda, ar vambob, rom faqtebis, argumentebis<br />

da mtkicebulebebis motana, saerTod, saWiro ar<br />

aris, _ saWiroa, magram isini Zalian faqizad unda SeirCes.<br />

magaliTad, Tqven gaqvT yvela damamtkicebeli sabuTi imisa,<br />

rom eWvmitanilma dazaralebulTan, vidre mas moklavda,<br />

gaukuRmarTebuli sqesobrivi kavSiri daamyara: nivTmtkicebani,<br />

eqspertizis daskvna da a.S. aseT SemTxvevaSi,<br />

ubralod ambobT, rom eWvmitanili ase moiqca da mkiTxvels<br />

ar acnobT eqspertizis vrcel daskvnas. SegiZliaT TqvaT,<br />

rom amas amtkicebs eqspertizis daskvna, an igi sulac<br />

ar axsenoT. mkiTxveli amaSi namdvilad ar SegekamaTebaT.<br />

SegiZliaT piriqiTac moiqceT _ moitanoT yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />

citata eqspertizis daskvnidan ukomentarod.<br />

ar unda daiviwyoT, rom Jurnalisturi gamoZiebac, upirveles<br />

yovlisa, gamiznulia mkiTxvelisTvis. amitom mas<br />

unda axldes yvela is atributi, rac, zogadad, unda axldes<br />

yvela mniSvnelovan sagazeTo publikacias: TvalSi mosaxvedri<br />

saTauri, Sinaarsis Sesabamisi qvesaTauri, damaintrigebeli<br />

Sesavali, logikuri daskvna, fotomasala da a.S.<br />

Zalian xSirad, am Janris naSromebi publicisturi xasiaTisaa,<br />

Tumca, formis mixedviT, igi savsebiT SesaZlebelia<br />

iyos:<br />

1. mSrali informacia mtkicebulebaTa moSveliebiT;<br />

2. publicisturi `novela~;<br />

3. dokumenturi deteqtiuri `moTxroba~;<br />

4. romelime kerZo an saxelmwifo uwyebis (kompaniis,<br />

fizikuri piris) winaaRmdeg mimarTuli braldebebis<br />

nusxa, an braldebaTa gamaqarwylebeli argumentebis<br />

CamonaTvali;<br />

5. sensaciuri gancxadeba;<br />

6. interviu;<br />

7. monologi da a.S.<br />

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yvelaferi Tqvens ostatobaze da Temis popularobazea<br />

damokidebuli. Tumca, mkiTxvelis TvalSi upiratesoba<br />

mainc ostatobas eniWeba.<br />

aq SeiZleboda Zalian bevri gvesaubra formebze, magram,<br />

vfiqrob, amis aucilebloba aRar aris, vinaidan roca, zogadad,<br />

Jurnalistur produqciaze vsaubrobdiT, am Temas<br />

sakmaod dawvrilebiT SevexeT. amis garda, Jurnalisturi<br />

gamoZieba iseTi rTuli fenomenia, mas, albaT, saTanado<br />

magaliTebis moSveliebiT calke seriozuli gamokvleva<br />

unda mieZRvnas. imedi maqvs, amis droc male dadgeba.<br />

axla, Tu am sakmaod grZeli saubriT Zalian ar dai-<br />

RaleT, SemogTavazebT Cems mosazrebas Tavis droze gaxmaurebuli<br />

erTi Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis Taobaze. ufro<br />

zustad, mosazrebas im sagazeTo produqciaze, rasac misi<br />

avtorebi uwodeben `Jurnalistur gamoZiebas~.<br />

manamde ki aucileblad meCveneba mcire ganmarteba: me,<br />

rogorc moqalaqe da rogorc Jurnalisti, ar vekuTnodi<br />

da ar vekuTvni mmarTveli an romelime opoziciuri Zalisadmi<br />

loialurad ganwyobilTa ricxvs _ Tu `saubrebs~<br />

bolomde waikiTxavT, vfiqrob, amaSi uTuod darwmundebiT.<br />

JurnalistTa winamdebare koleqtiuri `gamoZiebis~ analizs<br />

ki gTavazobT erTaderTi mizniT _ gaiTvaliswinoT,<br />

ra siZneleebi SeiZleba SegxvdeT Tqveni yovlad keTilSobiluri<br />

gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisas:<br />

aqlemebis marula<br />

2001 wlis Semodgomaze saqarTveloSi saxelisuflebo<br />

krizisi gamwvavda. dapirispireba saxelmwifo kancelariasa<br />

da xelisuflebis egreT wodebul `reformatorul~<br />

frTas Soris ukiduresad daiZaba. daiwyo aSkara brZola<br />

ZalauflebisTvis.<br />

`reformatorebma~ (e. w. Jvania-saakaSvilis jgufi) SevardnaZisa<br />

da misi mTavrobis gadasayeneblad nacadi meTodis,<br />

quCis aqciebis gamoyeneba gadawyvites. sababic male<br />

gamoCnda _ telekompania `rusTavi 2-is~ incidenti 2001<br />

wlis 30 oqtombers. sityvis TavisuflebisaTvis brZola<br />

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Zalian swrafad gadaizarda prezidentis gadasayeneblad<br />

mimarTul brZolaSi.<br />

sabolood, prezidenti prezidentad darCa. xolo `reformatorTa~<br />

jgufi xelisuflebidan erTbaSad radikalur<br />

opoziciaSi gadabargda.<br />

kacma rom Tqvas, ucnauri, miT ufro, saSineli araferi<br />

momxdara. msoflioSi ar meguleba qveyana, sadac Tundac<br />

genialuri prezidentis gadadgomas ar iTxovdnen. xan<br />

safuZvlianad, xan usafuZvlod. prezidenti an daeTanxmeba,<br />

an _ ara. Cvens SemTxvevaSi, ar daeTanxma.<br />

aseTia 2001 wlis oqtombris bolos da noembris dasawyisSi<br />

ganviTarebuli mwvave politikuri bataliebis Zalian<br />

mokle istoria.<br />

bunebrivia, maSindeli movlenebi cxare kamaTisa da<br />

seriozuli gansjis sagnad iqca. ganze arc masobrivi informaciis<br />

saSualebebi darCenila _ arc aqauri da arc<br />

ucxouri. Sefasebebic nairgvari iyo.<br />

rogorc ocdameerTe saukunis ucnobi qarTveli mematiane<br />

gvamcnobs, am ambebidan sul male Seqmnila Jurnalist-gamomZiebelTa<br />

jgufi, romelsac miznad dausaxavs,<br />

Seeswavla da xalxis samsjavroze gamoetana maSindeli<br />

politikuri brZolebis saidumloebani, saxeli daerqva<br />

yvela maSindeli qmedebisa da movlenisTvis. sabolood,<br />

`jgufma~ pirnaTlad Seasrula nakisri valdebuleba: ma-<br />

Sindel movlenebs saxelmwifo gadatrialebis mcdeloba<br />

daarqva, mis monawileebs _ gekaCepistebi (rus. ГКЧП _<br />

1991 wlis agvistoSi SeTqmulTa jgufi ruseTis umaRles<br />

xelisuflebaSi, romelmac prezident gorbaCovis gadayeneba<br />

moiTxova), sgp-istebi (`sgp _ saqarTvelos gambaxebelTa<br />

partia~), moRalateebi, agentebi, crupentelebi,<br />

maxinjebi da a. S.<br />

or gazeTSi paralelurad gamoqveynda werilebis seria,<br />

xolo 2002 wlis Semodgomaze am statiebis krebuli gamoica<br />

wignad _ `oTxi dRe, romelmac SeZra saqarTvelo~. werilebis<br />

da wignis avtorTa vinaoba ucnobia (ra Tavmdabali<br />

xalxi varT es qarTvelebi!) _ Cven, im werilebis seriisa da<br />

wignis madlierma mkiTxvelebma, mxolod is viciT, rom es<br />

produqcia aris `literaturuli saqarTvelos~ da `marTa-<br />

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li gazeTis~ erToblivi Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis nayofi.<br />

ra Tqma unda, araviTari pretenzia ara maqvs naSromis<br />

Sinaarsze, iq mocemul daskvnebze. ar vamtkiceb, rom es<br />

movlenebi ar iyo saxelmwifo gadatrialebis mcdeloba;<br />

rom Jvania da saakaSvili ar arian `gekaCepistebi~, `gambaxeblebi~,<br />

ucxoeTis romeliRac qveynis `agentebi~ da a. S. Cemi<br />

pretenziebi exeba Jurnalist-gamomZiebelTa gamoZiebis<br />

stils, mtkicebulebaTa Seqmnis meTods da, zogadad, weris<br />

maneras. `saubrebSi~ `oTxi dRis~ ganxilvis aucileblobac<br />

swored amiT aris gamowveuli.<br />

`jgufis~ braldebebi 2001 wlis Semodgomis movlenebis<br />

organizatorebisadmi marTlac momakvdinebeli iyo<br />

_ saxelmwifo gadatrialebis mcdeloba, Tanamdebobrivi<br />

mdgomareobis borotad gamoyeneba, samSoblos Ralati,<br />

dezinformaciis gavrceleba, ucxo qveynebis agentoba,<br />

SeTqmulebaSi monawileoba, meqrTameoba da mravali sxva<br />

ram.<br />

faqtobrivad, es iyo sabraldebo daskvna, riTac mraval<br />

adamians sajarod brali edeboda umZimes antisaxelmwifoebriv<br />

qmedebebSi. imasac nu daviviwyebT, rom es `mravali<br />

adamiani~ iyo CvenTvis kargad nacnobi politikuri<br />

figurebi.<br />

aris kidev erTi Zalian mniSvnelovani mizezi, ris gamoc<br />

am Temaze wera gavbede. es gaxlavT TavisuflebanaCuqari<br />

qarTuli Jurnalistikis, kerZod, modad qceuli Jurnalisturi<br />

gamoZiebis mdgomareoba XXI saukunis dasawyisis<br />

saqarTveloSi.<br />

mogexsenebaT, gamomZiebeli saqmis sasamarTloSi<br />

warmarTvamde wers sabraldebo daskvnas. warmoidgineT,<br />

ras izams Jurnalisti (an redaqcia), romelsac xelSi Cauvarda<br />

sabraldebo daskvna, romlis ZaliTac eWvmitanils<br />

bralad edeba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT<br />

gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli, rac iTvaliswinebs sasjels<br />

aTi wlidan samudamo patimrobamde, braldebebi ki asea<br />

dasabuTebuli:<br />

`rogorc sando wyarodan cnobili gaxda, petre kievSi<br />

gamgzavrebula da, rogorc ambobs iqauri Jurnalisti vasia<br />

(romlis gvars ver davasaxelebT), Sexvedria central-<br />

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uri sadazvervo samsaxuris agent jons, romlis vinaoba<br />

daudgenelia.<br />

amboben, rom jonma, Turme, zurikos xeliT petroviCs<br />

gamougzavna didi fuli samSoblos Ralatis sanacvlod.<br />

aiRo Tu ara zurikom fuli, ucnobia, magram kuluaruli<br />

informaciiT, mas samSoblo am fulze gauyidia. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />

petroviCs brali edeba saqarTvelos sisxlis<br />

samarTlis kodeqsis... muxliT~.<br />

imedia, ar mogewonebodaT, albaT, kaxuradac SemikurTxeT,<br />

ras krocams es kacio.<br />

`jgufelebis~ erToblivi sabraldebo daskvna mxolod<br />

varaudebze da Worebzea agebuli:<br />

`moarul xmebs Tu davujerebT, uSiSroebis TanamSromlebis<br />

iq yofnis momentSic `rusTavi-2~-is Tanam-<br />

Sromlebs Cumad gamohqondaT TavianTi oTaxebidan es<br />

kontrabanduli saqoneli da sxvadasxva sarTulebze malavdnen~<br />

(gv. 21, stili da punqtuacia aq da yvelgan daculia,<br />

T.q.).<br />

yuradReba miaqcieT: telekompanias brali edeba kontrabanduli<br />

saqonlis Semotanasa da SenaxvaSi, gamomZieblebi<br />

(romlebic Jurnalistebic arian) ki amboben, `moarul<br />

xmebs Tu davujerebTo~.<br />

`sagadasaxado samsaxurma `rusTavi-2~-Si veranairi<br />

darRvevebi ver naxa ki ara, rogorc amboben, iseTi ra-<br />

Raceebi naxa, nanaxisa TviTonve SeeSinda da `rusTavi-<br />

2~-is xelmZRvanelobis winadadebaze, mSvidobianad<br />

`moeyomarebinaT~ saqme, kategoriuli uari ganacxada,<br />

Turme, Tu mas raRac iuridiuli safuZveli ar eqneboda<br />

nanaxze Tvalis dasaxuWad~, (gv. 21-22).<br />

`_ SeinarCune situacia~, me axlave deputatebs mogaSveleb!<br />

_ aseTi miTiTeba miiRo, Turme, kiwmariSvilma<br />

(telekompaniis maSindeli mflobeli _ T. q.) Jvaniasgan~<br />

(gv. 25).<br />

`movlenaTa analizis da Seqmnili situaciis mixedviT<br />

Tu vimsjelebT, erT daskvnamde SeiZleba mivideT: zurab<br />

Jvaniam es fraza namdvilad Tqva da am frazidan daiwyo<br />

saxelmwifo gadatrialebis mcdelobis procesi~ (gv. 25).<br />

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amas Jurnalistebi weren, Tanac _ jgufurad.<br />

SegaxsenebT, saubari exeba saxelmwifo gadatrialebis<br />

mcdelobas da masSi qveynis parlamentis Tavmjdomaris<br />

monawileobas. eseni ki _ ar viciT, Tqva Tu ara, magram movlenebi<br />

rom gavaanalizeT, Jvania amas ueWvelad ityoda da<br />

gadatrialebis mcdelobac aqedan daiwyoo!<br />

`morbenali striqonis saSualebiT (`rusTavi-2~-dan<br />

_ T.q.) ucxo qveynebis specsamsaxurebisTvis gadaicemoda<br />

konfidencialuri informaciebi~ (gv. 33).<br />

Zvirfas gamomZieblebs, mgoni, raRac eSlebaT. XXI saukunis<br />

teqnikuri arsenalis pirobebSi, nebismieri konfidencialuri<br />

informaciis gadacema araviTar siZnelesTan<br />

ar aris dakavSirebuli. Znelia TviTon informaciis mopoveba.<br />

Tanac, `rusTavi 2-is~ ambavi rom vici, informaciis<br />

daSifrviT da morbenal striqonad gadakeTebiT Tavs namdvilad<br />

ar Seiwuxebda _ pirdapir, Ria eTerSi gadascemda<br />

da Tan uSiSroebis saministros informaciis gaJonvaSi<br />

daadanaSaulebda!<br />

morbenali striqonis epizods Worsac ki ver daarqmev.<br />

es ufro uvicobisa da mwiri fantaziis nazavia.<br />

`amboben, rom am gegmam (igulisxmeba `jgufis~ mier navaraudevi<br />

Jvanias gegma SevardnaZis gadasayeneblad. T.q.)<br />

ruseTis federaciis prezidentis, vladimir putinis,<br />

yuramdec miaRwia, razec putins uTqvams: me ruseTis<br />

jars mxolod SevardnaZes mivcem, Tumca, darwmunebuli<br />

var, igi me aseTi TxovniT arasodes mommarTavso~ (gv.<br />

60).<br />

`rogorc amboben, is (igulisxmeba miSa saakaSvili, T.<br />

q.) maincdamainc didi avtoritetiT da siyvaruliT ar<br />

sargeblobs ruseTis specsamsaxurebsa da sxva seriozul<br />

institutebSi~ (gv. 60).<br />

`imasac amboben, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi swored `invalidTa<br />

liga~ gaxda e. w. `reformatorTa~ jgufis dafinansebis<br />

mTavari wyaro~ (gv. 68).<br />

xedavT, ra biWi yofila es valodia putini (deda hyolia<br />

ozurgeTeli mexuzlas qali!): ruseTis jars, Tu dasWirda,<br />

SevardnaZes mivcemo, Jvanias da saakaSvils ki _ ar mivcemo.<br />

imitom ar mivcem, rom bemurazebi arian da Cvens `spe-<br />

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cialur samsaxurebsa da sxva seriozul institutebSi~<br />

araviTari avtoriteti ar gaaCniaTo. ai, batoni eduardi<br />

ki `ruseTis specsamsaxurebsa da sxva institutebSi~ didi<br />

avtoritetiT sargeblobso. saidumlod imasac gagimxelT,<br />

rom Turme, edo da vova bavSvobis megobrebi yofilan. ase<br />

amboben da, ra vici...<br />

gavagrZelo? _ ki, batono, magram, Zalian gTxovT, rasac<br />

axla waikiTxavT, Cemi gamonagoni ar gegonoT, `jgufis~<br />

wevri kriminalist-Jurnalistebis kuTvnilebaa:<br />

`amboben, rom tyveobidan gamoxsnilma petre ciskariSvilma<br />

teleekranze is tualeti icno, sadac is<br />

tyveobaSi yofnisas Tvalebaxveuli dahyavdaT, ese igi,<br />

axmetis raionis sofel birkianSi (pankisis xeoba). es is<br />

tualeti iyo, sadac vefxia margoSvili (im periodis gaxmaurebuli<br />

kriminaluri avtoriteti, T. q.) aafeTqes, aqedan<br />

erTi nabijia im daskvnamde, rom petre ciskariSvili<br />

vefxia margoSvilis saxlSi hyavdaT tyved~ (gv. 80).<br />

Tavidan mec TqvensaviT vfiqrobdi, aq raRac gaugebrobaa-meTqi,<br />

magram mere davrwmundi, rom avtorebi amas<br />

savsebiT seriozulad amboben:<br />

`aki Tqva batonma petrem: es is tualetia, sadac tyveobisas<br />

Tvalebaxveuli davyavdiTo~ (gv. 81).<br />

`Txrobis mdinarebam gagvitaca da Tvalebaxveuli<br />

petre margoSvilis tualetis karTan dagvaviwyda~ (gv.<br />

88).<br />

axla, Tu RmerTi gwamT, amixseniT, Tvalebi axveuli Tu<br />

hqonda da verafers ver xedavda, tyveobidan gamoxsnis Semdeg<br />

rogorRa `icno~ margoSvilis tualeti im Cemi codviT<br />

savse ciskariSvilma. Tanac, televiziiT tualeti ki ara,<br />

afeTqebis Semdeg darCenili natualetari adgili aCvenes.<br />

petrem iqneb marTlac Tqva, vicanio, magram gamomZieblebi<br />

xom unda daeWvebuliyvnen, Tvalebaxveuli kaci verafers<br />

dainaxavdao.<br />

magram saqmec is gaxlavT, rom avtorebs surT kavSiris<br />

Zafi gaaban maTganve saeWvo warsulis mqoned Seracxul<br />

margoSvilsa da qarTvel `putCist-gekaCepistebs~ Soris,<br />

romelTa erT-erT Tanamzraxvelad ciskariSvilic miaCniaT.<br />

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`rogorc amboben (ciskariSvilma _ T.q.) iseTi pikanturi<br />

ambebi Camoarakraka videokameris win parlamentarTa<br />

politikuri vnebiT da SemarTebiT damuxtuli<br />

cxovrebidan, TviT mravlismnaxveli da mravlisgamgone<br />

maspinZlebic (pankiselebi _ T.q.) gaocdnen da gancvifrdnen<br />

Turme~ (gv. 88).<br />

samwuxarod, pativcemuli avtorebi ar gveubnebian, ker-<br />

Zod, iseTi ra `Camoarakraka~ petre ciskariSvilma, `mravalismnaxveli<br />

da mravlisgamgone~ pankiseli qistebi rom<br />

gaaoca da ganacvifra kidec.<br />

rac axla waikiTxeT, mxolod nawilia am `TurmeobiTi~<br />

gamoZiebisa. ra Tqma unda, albaT uaresic gvinaxavs, magram<br />

mas ar eqneboda Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis ambicia. es aris<br />

ara marto erTi Jurnalisturi Janris, aramed mTlianad<br />

Tanamedrove qarTuli Jurnalistikis profanacia.<br />

Tumca, mTavari jer winaa, es wigni xom xelisuflebis,<br />

kerZod, prezident SevardnaZis mxardasaWeradaa dawerili.<br />

isic vnaxoT, rogoria am mxardaWeris teqnologia.<br />

`is, rasac `Tavisuflebis instituti~ dRemde akeTebda,<br />

aris swored qarTuli saxelmwifos damoukideblobisa<br />

da Tavisuflebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli qmedeba.<br />

dawyebuli sxvadasxva seqtebis dacviT da maTi interesebis<br />

lobirebiT, damTavrebuli maT mier bolos<br />

SemuSavebuli presis kanonproeqtiT, naTlad metyvelebs,<br />

rom saqme gvaqvs organizaciasTan, romelic, faqtobrivad,<br />

Riad eweva saxelmwifosTvis ZirgamomTxrel<br />

saqmianobas~ (gv. 99).<br />

`ruseTis reaqciul Zalebs zustad is surT, ris gakeTebasac<br />

`Tavisuflebis institutis~ biWebi, JvaniasaakaSvilis<br />

jgufis wevrebi, `rusTavi-2~ da sxva maTi<br />

mokavSire sainformacio saSualebebi Tavgadakluli<br />

cdiloben~ (gv. 99).<br />

samwuxarod, `jgufelebi~ ar akonkreteben, ra antisaxelmwifoebrivi<br />

qmedebebi SeiZleba iyos `seqtebis dacvasa~<br />

da `kanonproeqtis momzadebas~ Soris. vinaidan nebismieri<br />

kanonproeqtis SeTxzva `saxelmwifosTvis Zirgamom-<br />

Txrel~ saqmianobad ver CaiTvleba, rCeba erTi _ `Tavisuflebis<br />

instituti~ `icavs sxvadasxva seqtebs~.<br />

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Tu `Tavisuflebis instituti~ gamodis religiuri<br />

eqstremizmis winaaRmdeg, igi seqtantebs da seqtebs ki ar<br />

icavs, aramed icavs swored saqarTvelos saxelmwifos interesebs<br />

da saqarTvelos saxelmwifos saerTaSoriso avtoritets.<br />

icavs moqalaqis fuZemdeblur, konstituciur<br />

uflebas!<br />

`jgufis~ erT-erTi mTavari braldeba Jvania-saakaSvilisadmi<br />

is gaxlavT, rom orive es pirovneba da maTTan<br />

`Sekruli~ sazogadoeba, Turme, dasavleTis romeliRac<br />

qveynis romeliRac specsamsaxuris agentebi brZanebulan.<br />

es umZimesi braldeba, ZiriTadad, eyrdnoba moskovis<br />

prokrizisuli kvlevebis institutis direqtoris, vaxtang<br />

Wkuaselis, Jurnalist dito tikaraZisa da erTi anonimi<br />

avtoris Cvenebebs. anonimis Cvenebis WeSmaritebaSi eWvi<br />

rom ar Segveparos, jgufi gvamcnobs:<br />

`pirovneba, romlis monaTxrobsac veyrdnobodiT<br />

am werilis momzadebisas da romelmac ar isurva Tavisi<br />

pirovnebis gamJRavneba, saerTaSoriso politikuri<br />

cxovrebis niuansebSi kargad Caxeduli da far-<br />

Tod informirebuli piria. cxadia, Cven ar SegveZlo<br />

am pirovnebis mier mowodebuli informaciis gadamowmeba,<br />

Tumca, misi miwodeba sazogadoebisaTvis mainc<br />

aucilebel saqmed migvaCnia _ sakiTxi xom Cveni qveynis<br />

bed-iRbals exeba~ (gv. 104).<br />

damwyebi Jurnalist-gamomZieblebis sayuradRebod:<br />

arasodes ar daweroT (miT ufro _ ar amtkicoT) is,<br />

risi dokumenturad dasabuTebac Tqvens Zalebs aRemateba.<br />

presa ar aris (ar unda iyos!) politikuri angariSsworebis<br />

iaraRi. rac mTavaria, TviT uneblie Secdomac<br />

ki (arafers vambob Segnebul sicrueze) vnebs Tqvens avtoritets<br />

_ rogorc Jurnalistisa da rogorc moqalaqisa.<br />

nurasodes nu endobiT sityvaze anonim avtorebs<br />

_ isini, rogorc wesi, Sarlatanebi arian da romelime<br />

specsamsaxuris an politikuri Zalis dakveTas asruleben,<br />

Tqven ki binZur TamaSSi giTreven. Tu ar gindaT, uvicoba<br />

dagwamon, nurasdros nu gaimeorebT aseT frazas:<br />

`pirovneba... farTod informirebuli piria~.<br />

es sityvebi, vimeoreb, damwyebi Jurnalistebis sayur-<br />

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adRebod vTqvi, vinZlo, momavali moRvaweobisas gamousworebeli<br />

Secdomebi ar mouvideT. rac Seexeba `oTxi dRis~<br />

avtorebs, qarTul enaze wera-kiTxvas isini veRarasodes<br />

ver iswavlian. gadafurcleT maTi naxelavi da am mware simarTleSi<br />

Tavad darwmundebiT.<br />

davubrundeT `agentebs~.<br />

pativcemuli anonimis CvenebiT, `saakaSvili, romlis<br />

saidumlo fsevdonomia `verbliudi~, ruseTis specsamsaxurebis<br />

oficeria da dakavSirebulia specsamsaxurebis<br />

im ZalebTan, romlebic dasavleTidan miRebuli<br />

direqtivebiT moqmedeben SevardnaZe-putinis winaaRmdeg~<br />

(gv. 104, 106).<br />

`dasavleTidan miRebuli direqtivebis Sesabamisad<br />

moqmedi Jvania-saakaSvilis jgufi axal, morig `antirusul~<br />

da `antiSevardnaZistul~ kampanias gegmavs~<br />

(gv. 105).<br />

`rkiniseburi~ logikis wyalobiT, jgufi askvnis, rom<br />

Jvania-saakaSvili da mTeli maTi aqlemebis jogi, kozakebianad,<br />

arc meti, arc naklebi, buSi-putini-SevardnaZis mosisxle<br />

mtrebi arian.<br />

amis garda, Jvania-saakaSvili qarTul politikaSi Caunergavs<br />

iuridiul firma `peterson belqnafs~, romelsac,<br />

Turme, somxuri diaspora afinansebs da ganagebs.<br />

mokledo, askvnian `jgufelebi~, Jvania-saakaSvilis<br />

tandemi erovnuli ki ara, erevnuli warmoSobisaa da maTi<br />

yvela gza romisken ki ara, armeniisken midiso.<br />

axla yvelaferi naTelia _ Turme arsebobs saerTaSoriso<br />

somxuri organizacia, romelic erTdroulad ebrZvis<br />

amerikis SeerTebul Statebs, ruseTs da saqarTvelos. Jvania-saakaSvili<br />

da misi mimdevrebi am organizaciis wevrebi<br />

arian da armeniis Zlevamosili msoflio imperiis Seqmnaze<br />

ocneboben. amaSi maT ruseTisa da amerikis specsamsaxurebic<br />

(specsamsaxurebico, xalxo!) uwyoben xels!<br />

kidev erTxel SegaxsenebT, rom statiebis es krebuli<br />

(`oTxi dRe...~) Jvania-saakaSvilis da danarCeni `aqlemebis~<br />

mxilebasTan erTad, xelisuflebis, kerZod, prezident SevardnaZis<br />

mxardaWerasac emsaxureba.<br />

is, rac am wignis Taobaze aqamde mogaxseneT, didad sa-<br />

262

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gangaSo ar unda iyos. ra moxda, cudi wignebi romel qveyanaSi<br />

ar gamodis. Tanac, xelisuflebis mxardasaWeri<br />

statiebis SeTxzva iseTive Zneli saqmea, rogoric ulamazesi<br />

qalis daxatva. kritika gacilebiT advilia _ xelisuflebisac<br />

da opoziciisac. `oTxi dRis~ avtorebic<br />

xelisuflebis mxardaWeras opoziciis diskreditaciiT<br />

cdiloben. aqac gasakviri araferia. opoziciis mxardam-<br />

Weri presac zustad ase iqceva _ lanZRavs xelisuflebas<br />

da dums opoziciaze. roca opozicia gaxelisufldeba,<br />

rolebic Seicvleba.<br />

es aris Zveli da mecnierulad kargad damuSavebuli teqnologia.<br />

igi, ZiriTadad, amomrCevelTa cnobierebaze zemoqmedebas<br />

gulisxmobs. samwuxarod, ara mxolod inteligenturi<br />

meTodebiT. `jgufma~ icis am teqnologiebis arseboba.<br />

icis misi mniSvnelobac, magram ar icis misi arsi da<br />

Suasaukuneobrivi Zaladobrivi meTodebiT cdilobs imis<br />

mopovebas, rac Tanamedrove pirobebSi codniT da RimiliT<br />

moipoveba.<br />

`jgufi~ cdilobs, radac unda daujdes, amxilos, Tavs<br />

lafi daasxas, gaaSavos... da umZimesi Secdomebic mosdis.<br />

vTqvaT, saSualo gonebrivi monacemebis amomrCevels<br />

surs irwmunos romelime opoziciuri dajgufebis antisaxelmwifoebrioba,<br />

misi liderebis agentoba, farisevloba,<br />

meqrTameoba, umaduroba, jandaba da dozana. ver irwmunebs,<br />

vidre xelT ar eqneba amis damadasturebeli dokumentebi.<br />

`amboben~, `Turme~, `kuluaruli informacia~ da anonimi avtorebis<br />

uniWo mieTmoeTi saqmes ver uSvelis. amisTvis verc<br />

moJurnalisto mwerlebis Tu momwerlo Jurnalistebis tyavSi<br />

gaZroma da maRalfardovani sisulele gamodgeba.<br />

adamians unda moTxovo mxolod imis gamo, raSic mas<br />

brali miuZRvis. ar SeiZleba oponentis pirad cxovrebaze,<br />

ojaxze, gvarze, eTnikur warmomavlobaze, rasaze, fizikur<br />

naklze saubari. es umZimesi Seuracxyofac xom aris<br />

da aris, gamryvnelad moqmedebs mTlianad sazogadoebaze.<br />

Tu saakaSvilis romeliRac qveynis specsamsaxuris agentobazea<br />

saubari, amis damamtkicebeli pirdapiri Tu iribi<br />

mtkicebulebani unda movipovoT da arafer SuaSia `lirikuli<br />

gadaxvevebi~ imis Taobaze, rogor eSxefeboda saa-<br />

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kaSvilis nerwyvi TargamaZis pijaks. Tu elene TevdoraZis<br />

`mxileba~ gvsurs, misi qaliSvilobis gvaris gauTavebeli<br />

triali da kai xnis winaT gardacvlili mSoblebis warmomavlobaze<br />

layboba arafers mogvcems.<br />

ar vici, metismeti mondomebiT mouvidaT Tu marTla ase<br />

sjeraT, magram faqtia, rom `marTali gazeTis~ da `literaturuli<br />

saqarTvelos~ erToblivi sagamoZiebo jgufis<br />

wevrebma saTqmelis argumentacia ver SeZles da imis mtkiceba<br />

daiwyes, razec civilizebul samyaroSi gadakvriT<br />

laparakic ki kacobriobis winaSe danaSaulad iTvleba.<br />

ar minda borotad visargeblo Tqveni moTminebiT, magram<br />

`jgufis~ wignidan kidev ramdenime citatas Semog-<br />

TavazebT da mere, rogorc Tavad avtorebi irjebian,<br />

wakiTxulis Sefaseba vcadoT:<br />

`saqarTvelom dRemde ar icis vin aris zurab Jvania,<br />

saqarTvelom isic ki ar icis zustad, es kaci Jvaniaa Tu<br />

antoniani. ar icis ra erqva mis namdvil mamas, busa Tu<br />

sureni, ar icis ra erqva Tavidan zurabs _ zurabi Tu<br />

zanazani, ar icis vin aris misi deda _ somexi Tu ebraeli,<br />

Tu orive erTad~ (gv. 113-114).<br />

`viRac-viRacebma qarTuli parlamentis axladmovlenil<br />

TavkacSi is avadmyofi biWi Seicnes, romelic patara<br />

biWebis CxubSi ratomRac yovelTvis araqarTvelebis<br />

mxares dgeboda da maRla aRmarTuli yavarjnebis mrisxane<br />

qneviT `Tavisianebs~ amxnevebda: `bei gruzinov! bei<br />

gruzinov! bei gruzinov!<br />

`axali drois xvaSagi, qarTvel qalTa brwyinvale kohortis<br />

mTavari qalbatoni, qarTulis armcodne, dediT<br />

aSkenazi, mamiT tandoeva, TevdoraZis fsevdonomiT, qalbatoni<br />

elene masaviT `qarTveli~ axali mefis gverdiT<br />

aucileblad daikavebda sapatio adgils~ (gv. 139).<br />

Zalian gTxovT, kidev erTxel gadaavleT Tvali axlaxan<br />

wakiTxuls. iseTi grZnoba xom ar gagiCndaT, rom es ukve<br />

sadRac wagikiTxavT, ginaxavT, mogismeniaT? ocdaaTiani<br />

wlebis germania xom ar gagaxsendaT da sisxlis gamyinavi<br />

`hail!~ xom ar SemogesmaT?<br />

Tavi davaneboT `jgufelebis~ cinikur tons _ rogorc<br />

SeuZliaT, saTqmels ise amboben. aq mTavari Sinaarsia.<br />

264

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da es Sinaarsi aris nacisturi.<br />

zurab Jvania, Turme, imitom gadabargda opoziciaSi, imitom<br />

iqca agentad, imitom ebrZvis sakuTar mamazec metad<br />

moamage gamzrdels, imitom aqvs metyvelebis defeqti, rom<br />

dediT goldbaumi yofila da mamiT _ antoniani.<br />

es elene TevdoraZec, Turme, imitom mietmasna putCistgekaCepist-gambaxeblebs,<br />

imitom abams saeWvo xlarTebs<br />

pankisel kriminalebTan, imitom ar icis qarTuli, rom dediT<br />

aSkenazi yofila da mamiT _ tandoeva.<br />

aseT rames civilizebuli msoflio aravis ar patiobs.<br />

Cven, saqarTvelos mosaxleobam, sakuTar Tavze erTxel<br />

ukve gamovcadeT, ra moaqvs nacistur ganwyobas. erTxel<br />

ukve vigemeT samoqalaqo omis simware. erTxel ukve davayeneT<br />

sisxlis da cremlebis zRva... es axlaxans iyo, meoce<br />

saukunis miwuruls.<br />

iZulebuli var, mravaljer naTqvami erTxel kidev<br />

gavimeoro: qarTveloba ar ganisazRvreba mxolod eTnikuri<br />

warmomavlobiT. qarTvelia yvela, visac surs, iyos<br />

qarTveli da emsaxureba saqarTvelos interesebs. araqarTvelia<br />

yvela, vinc ar emsaxureba saqarTvelos interesebs.<br />

Cveni didi kultura, _ qarTuli kultura, _ Seqmnilia<br />

qarTveli xalxis, anu im adamianebis mier (eTnikuri<br />

warmomavlobis miuxedavad), romlebic cxovrobdnen<br />

saqarTvelos teritoriaze. Cveni didi kultura ekuTvnis<br />

saqarTvelos xalxs da ekuTvnis mTel civilizebul<br />

samyaros.<br />

ocdameerTe saukuneSi moqalaqeebis (partiuli liderebic<br />

moqalaqeebi arian!) eTnikur qarTvelebad da eTnikur<br />

araqarTvelebad dayofa samarcxvinoa, antikonstituciuria<br />

da, rac mTavaria, saSiSia saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobisTvis.<br />

nacizmi ki, rogorc istoriidan gvaxsovs, Sobs faSizms,<br />

rogorc saxelmwifo wyobilebas (rogorc komunisturma<br />

Teoriam Sva socialisturi saxelmwifo wyobileba).<br />

Cveni Segnebuli, Tu Seugnebeli ltolva nacizmisken<br />

Cvenive komunisturi warsulidan momdinareobs. im nacistur-komunisturi<br />

ideologiis ase xelaRebiT uaryofa,<br />

marTlac Zneli saqmea, magram am Temaze statiebis seriis<br />

265

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popularul gazeTSi gamoqveyneba da mere wignad gamocema,<br />

metismetia.<br />

avtorebi TavianT wignSi, marTalia, amboben, `sazogadoebis<br />

did nawils qaTmis sibrmave Wirso~ (gv. 51), magram<br />

es avtorebs hgoniaT ase. piriqiT, sazogadoeba yvelafers<br />

xedavs da, RvTis madliT, avis da kargis garCevac SeuZlia.<br />

erovnul da religiur Tavmoyvareobaze zemoqmedebiT<br />

xalxis, sazogadoebis droebiT ayolieba, ar aris Zneli<br />

saqme. magram, es xom ukve gaakeTes am aTiode wlis winaT<br />

(igulisxmeba 1988-1992 w.w. red.).<br />

Cven sakmaod mcirericxovani qveyana varT imisTvis, rom<br />

Tavs nacisturi ideebis propagandis fufuneba mivaniWoT.<br />

nacizmi Zalian saSiSi infeqciuri daavadebaa. adamiani<br />

arc doRis cxenia da arc monadire ZaRli, sakuTari wmindasisxlianobiT<br />

rom iamayos. imasac SegaxsenebT, rom `wmindasisxlianobiT~<br />

msoflioSi vercerTi aristokrati ver<br />

daikvexnis, bagrationebis CaTvliT...<br />

sxvaTa Soris, roca vambob, es wigni xelisuflebis mxardasaWerad<br />

dauweriaT-meTqi, savsebiT SesaZlebelia,<br />

vcdebode. iqneb, sulac, piriqiTaa _ avtorebma ganzraxva<br />

SeniRbes da es wigni, sinamdvileSi, xelisuflebis saxelis<br />

gasatexad daweres. niWierma jgufma Segnebulad iZaxa<br />

`Turme~ da `amboben~, Segnebulad miiwera iaffasiani nacisturi<br />

ideebi, specialurad SeTxza sasacilod uniWo<br />

maRalfardovani pasaJebi da amgvari gamoTqmebi: `Tavisi<br />

kuTvnili adgilis maZiebeli~, `gaocdnen da gancvifrdnen,<br />

Turme~, `gasaTxovari qaliSvili~, `gamoirCeoda sityvauxvobiT<br />

da enawylianobiT~, `aZlevda gezs da mimarTulebas~<br />

da mravali, mravali sxva.<br />

***<br />

gulwrfelad rom vTqva, ar vici, saWiroa Tu ara raime<br />

komentari. yovel SemTxvevaSi, rac axla waikiTxeT (`aqlemebis<br />

marula~), TviTon aris gamiznuli sazogadoebriv cnobierebaze<br />

zemoqmedebisTvis. oRond, ara parentiseuli e. w.<br />

sugestiis meTodiT, aramed mtkicebulebaTa moSveliebiT<br />

da oponentTa mosazrebebis ironiuli da mkacri kritikiT.<br />

avtorebma maSindeli politikuri koniunqturis zegav-<br />

266

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leniT, Tavs zerelobis ufleba misces. Sedegic sasurvelis<br />

sruliad sawinaaRmdego miiRes. nebsiT Tu uneblied,<br />

xeli Seuwyes opoziciis avtoritetis zrdas da isedac saxelgatexili<br />

xelisuflebis kidev ufro diskreditacias.<br />

CvenTvis mTavari is aris, rom koleqtiuri `gamoZieba~<br />

Catarebulia uaRresad dabal profesiul doneze da samagaliTod<br />

amitom moviyvane _ igive Secdomebi Tqvenc<br />

rom ar gaimeoroT!<br />

aseTi moufiqrebeli, cru-patriotuli demagogiiT<br />

Sezavebuli yvela Janris statiebi maSindel (2001-2003 w.w.)<br />

qarTul presaSi uzomod bevri qveyndeboda. sapirispiro<br />

viTareba iyo opoziciur masmediaSi _ uaxles PR-teqnologiebze<br />

dayrdnobiT, arsebuli xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg<br />

mimdinareobda gegmazomieri, kargad mofiqrebuli kampania<br />

_ politikuri multiplikaciuri filmebiT dawyebuli,<br />

sagazeTo publikaciebiT, satelevizio politikuri SouebiT,<br />

plakatebiTa da proklamaciebiT damTavrebuli.<br />

Sedegmac ar daayovna _ 2003 wlis 23 noembers, giorgoba<br />

dRes, eduard-giorgi SevardnaZis xelisufleba politikuri<br />

arenidan usisxlod da usaxelod wavida.<br />

vimeoreb, amaSi udidesi wvlili presasac miuZRvis. imasac<br />

nu daviviwyebT, rom istoria STamomavlobas ar Seunaxavs<br />

am `revoluciis~ aTi aTasobiT monawilis, `revoluciis~<br />

Sedegad aRzevebuli politikosebis, redaqtorebis<br />

da... Jurnalistebis saxelebs. isic aravin icis, daundobeli<br />

istoria rogor Seafasebs momxdars. mxolod erTi ram<br />

aris garantirebuli _ istoria samudamod daimaxsovrebs<br />

ara Soreuli, Rataki da ambiciuri saqarTvelos erT-erTi<br />

prezidentis, aramed didi sabWoTa kavSiris sagareo saqme-<br />

Ta ministris, msoflio socialisturi sistemis erT-erTi<br />

damamxoblis, berlinis kedlisa da varSavis paqtis _ XX<br />

saukunis msoflios udidesi da uZlieresi samxedro-ekonomikuri<br />

blokis _ damangrevlis saxels. es saxelia eduard<br />

SevardnaZe.<br />

Jurnalistebis gauTavebeli qiliki SevardnaZeze xels<br />

uwyobs swored SevardnaZis da ara, Tundac, Zalze cnobili<br />

Jurnalistis istoriaSi damkvidrebas.<br />

Jurnalistma esec unda gaiTvaliswinos.<br />

267

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Tavi IX<br />

eTika da Jurnalistika<br />

papis Cemis _ verusis wyalobiT veziare zneTa siwmindes,<br />

simSvides da aumRvrevlobas.<br />

markus avreliusi<br />

Rorebis revolucia<br />

roca vsaubrobT zneobaze, anu, cota uxeSad rom vTqvaT,<br />

adamianur qcevaTa normebze, maSinve Cndeba kiTxvebi<br />

am qcevis motivaciaze da istoriasTan, adaT-wesebTan,<br />

samarTalTan, kanonTan, politikasTan, religiasTan, mecnierebasTan,<br />

xelovnebasTan mis damokidebulebaze.<br />

sxvadasxva istoriul epoqaSi, sxvadasxva qveyanaSi, sxvadasxva<br />

xalxSi zneobisadmi damokidebuleba sxvadasxvagvari<br />

iyo da aris. inglisel filosofoss da sociologs,<br />

pozitivizmis erT-erT fuZemdebels herbert spensers*<br />

Tavis naSromSi, `zneobis mecnieruli safuZvlebi~, mohyavs<br />

fijis kunZulebze mcxovrebi tomis magaliTi: ojaxis<br />

moxucebul wevrebs Svilebi cocxlad koconze wvaven.<br />

imaTi warmodgeniT, sikvdilis Semdeg adamiani cxovrebas<br />

agrZelebs im fizikuri kondiciebiT, riTac amqveyniuri<br />

cxovreba datova. amitom, sasurvelia, amqveynidan gadasaxlebis<br />

momentSi igi myarad idges fexze, rom imqveynad<br />

maradiuli tanjva ascdes. anu koconze cocxlad dawviT<br />

Svilebi mSoblebs friad keTilSobilur samsaxurs uweven.<br />

es imaTi wmidaTawmida movaleobaa.<br />

mSoblebisadmi Cveni tradiciuli damokidebulebis gadasaxedidan,<br />

ra Tqma unda, koconze dawva ki ara, mSoblis<br />

komfortul moxucebulTa TavSesafarSi mibarebac uzneobad<br />

iTvleba, magram im tomisTvis, religiuri mrwamsisa<br />

da iq dakanonebul qcevaTa normebis gamo, amaSi ucnauri<br />

da uzneo araferia. vimeoreb, amgvari qceva zneobrivia im<br />

tomisTvis da im epoqisTvis, saidanac es magaliTi mohyavs<br />

herbert spensers, magram uzneoa Tanamedrove civilizebuli<br />

samyarosTvis. rogorc artur Sopenhaueri* brZaneb-<br />

268

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da (`zneoba da nebis Tavisufleba~), Teologia morals<br />

RvTis nebaze dafuZnebulad miiCnevs, filosofosebi ki,<br />

mcire gamonaklisis garda (am gamonaklisad Sopenhaueri<br />

sokrates miiCnevs), jiutad cdiloben, saerTod, amgvari<br />

safuZvlis arsebobis uaryofas. didi germaneli midis<br />

daskvnamde, rom `eTikis Zveli safuZvlebi sabolood<br />

moirya~.<br />

raxan sityva artur Sopenhauerze, im kacze Camovarda,<br />

vinc gonebaze nebelobis, racionalurze iracionaluris<br />

upiratesobas amtkicebda, barem mis oriode friad yuradsaReb<br />

mosazrebasac SemogTavazebT. danarCeniT Tu<br />

dainteresdebiT, urigo namdvilad ar iqneba, radgan eTikis<br />

(Sesabamisad _ Sopenhauerisa da sxvaTa mosazrebebis)<br />

zogadi safuZvlebis ucodinrad Jurnalistikis varskvlavoba<br />

SeuZlebelia. Tumca, amis garantias arc eTikis<br />

safuZvliani codna iZleva.<br />

maS, ase _ artur Sopenhaueris, dResac msoflios erTerTi<br />

udidesi da upopularesi filosofosis azriT, adamianTa<br />

didi umravlesoba darwmunebulia, rom zneoba arsebobs<br />

sxva adamianebisTvis. sakuTari Tavis mimarT ki<br />

es wminda wylis egoizmia. imisave mtkicebiT, eTikuri<br />

wesebi adamianis mxecuri bunebis SeniRbvis mcdelobaa<br />

da sxva araferi. saxelmwifo da samarTali aris alikapi,<br />

romelic aokebs adamianis yvelaze damangreveli<br />

bunebis gamovlinebas. Tu saxelmwifo dakargavs Zalas<br />

da adamiani alikaps moiSorebs, Sedegi yvela goniers<br />

SeaZrwunebs.<br />

ra Tqma unda, SegviZlia, ar daveTanxmoT brZen germanels,<br />

SegviZlia, uarvyoT adamianSi mtacebluri (mxecuri)<br />

bunebis arseboba, magram, samwuxarod, mware sinamdvile<br />

da saRi goneba, nawilobriv mainc, Sopenhaueris sityvebis<br />

marTebulobaze migviTiTebs.<br />

Mmisi azriT, adamianSi, erTis mxriv, arsebobs zneoba,<br />

meores mxriv, arsebobs egoizmi da mxecuri buneba, rasac<br />

ueWvelad sWirdeba alikapi samarTlisa da saxelmwifos<br />

saxiT. Tanac, kidev erTi didi germanelis, emanuel kantis<br />

azriT, adamianis TiTqmis yvela zneobrivi nabijis axsna<br />

misive egoisturi bunebiTac SeiZleba.<br />

269

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mokled, jer kidev ar viciT, sad veZeboT zneobis sawyisebi<br />

(an TviTon zneoba) _ saganTa bunebaSi, Tu adamianTa<br />

bunebaSi, cnobierSi Tu qvecnobierSi?! swored es gaxlavT<br />

is mankieri wre, romlis garRveva TviT `yovlismcodne da<br />

yovlisSemZle~ marqsistulma filosofiamac ki ver SesZlo.<br />

me, Cveulebrivma mokvdavma, jer kidev zustad ar vici,<br />

namdvilad zneobrivia Tu ara dasjis muqariT, an jildos<br />

dapirebiT gamowveuli moraluri qmedeba. ufro prozaulad<br />

rom vTqva, zneobrivia Tu ara xelisuflebis qmedeba,<br />

roca igi arCevnebis wina dRes pensionerebis xmebis mosapoveblad<br />

xuTi (an xuTasi) erTeuliT zrdis pensiebs?!<br />

am qcevis Sefasebisas, ra kriteriumi unda gamoviyenoT,<br />

Sedegi _ pensioneri SimSiliT sikvdils gadaurCa, Tu motivi<br />

_ xelisuflebam pensionerTa umweobiT isargebla!<br />

1945 wlis agvistoSi inglisSi gamovida jorj oruelis*<br />

wigni `cxovelebis ferma~, romelic saliteraturo kritikam<br />

iaponiaSi atomuri bombis Camogdebis dar movlenad Seafasa.<br />

orueli (erik artur bleri) gviambobs, rogor moaxdines<br />

revolucia cxovelebma erT-erT inglisur fermaSi,<br />

gayares eqsploatatori adamianebi da sruli demokratia<br />

daamyares. revoluciis sulisCamdgmelebi brZandebodnen<br />

cxovelTa Soris yvelaze moazrovneebi, Rorebi taxi napoleonis<br />

meTaurobiT. Semdeg naCvenebia, rogor iqca napoleoni<br />

diqtatorad, qofakebisgan Seqmna specialuri daniSnulebis<br />

razmi, mtkice alikapi amosdo Tanamoazreebs,<br />

gaaZeva disidentebi, rkinis eSviT Cakla Tavisufali azri,<br />

fermaSi usastikesi diqtatura daamyara da, sabolood,<br />

`sazizRar~ adamianebsac ki gaurigda!<br />

sabralo revolucionerma cxovelebma (ixvebma, batebma,<br />

qaTmebma, cxvrebma, cxenebma) ki ukve aRar icodnen, ra<br />

eqnaT, ver gaerkviaT, romeli iyo Rori da romeli _ adamiani.<br />

me rom meTqva, Rori da adamiani erTmaneTisgan zogjer<br />

Zneli gasarCevia-meTqi, iqneb arc dagejerebinaT. arada,<br />

oruelma dagvanaxa, rom Turme, Rori adamianzec ki uaresia,<br />

roca Tavis `Rorul zneobas~ kargavs. Tavis mxriv,<br />

adamiani yvela Rorze uaresia, Tu adamianur zneobaze mwy-<br />

270

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alad brZandeba. Jurnalistis valic swored is aris, kargad<br />

daanaxvos sazogadoebas adamianis saxe _ zneobrivic<br />

da uzneoc. daanaxvos zRvari adamianobasa da Rorobas<br />

Soris. auxsnas, rom adamiani hqvia mxolod zneobriv moazrovne<br />

arsebas. mxolod imas, visac aqvs sindisi _ pasuxismgebloba<br />

sakuTari qcevis gamo.<br />

es rom SeZlos, Jurnalistma unda icodes eTikis raoba<br />

da, rac mTavaria, TviTon unda iyos zneobrivi adamiani.<br />

samarTlis sociologiaze msjelobisas, maqs veberi<br />

ambobs: sociologia `eTikurad~ miiCnevs kriteriums,<br />

romlisTvisac xalxis racionaluri rwmena iTvleba<br />

adamianuri qcevis im normad, rasac, zneobrivi TvalsazrisiT,<br />

hqvia `kargi~.<br />

zneobis arseboba, umravles SemTxvevaSi, garantirebulia<br />

imiT, rom misi xelyofa iwvevs adamianTa garkveuli<br />

wris aRSfoTebas. magaliTad, gurjaanis raionis sofel<br />

yitaanis mkvidrTa ukidures aRSfoTebas uTuod gamoiwvevs<br />

tradiciuli warmarTuli kerpis _ elias demonstraciuli<br />

Seuracxyofa, imis miuxedavad, rom soflelebi<br />

marTlmadidebeli qristianebi arian. samecniero terminologia<br />

rom moviSvelioT, aseT SemTxvevaSi, eTika konvenciurad<br />

garantirebulia. Tumca, konvenciurad an iuridiulad<br />

garantirebul yvela sistemas arca aqvs da arc<br />

SeiZleba hqondes eTikuri normatiulobis pretenzia.<br />

modi, droebiT gverdze gadavdoT Zveli da axali filosofiebi<br />

da isev XXI saukunis dasawyisis saqarTvelos<br />

davubrundeT. Tumca, jer vladimer leninis erTi Zalian<br />

cnobili formulireba gavixsenoT (miT ufro, rom igi Setanili<br />

iyo yvela donis sabWoTa eTikis saxelmZRvaneloSi):<br />

`eTikuria yvelaferi, rac emsaxureba komunizmis mSeneblobis<br />

saqmes~.<br />

zneobis leniniseuli gansazRvreba, ra Tqma unda, veraviTar<br />

mecnierul kritikas ver uZlebs. kacma rom Tqvas,<br />

aq sakritiko da samsjeloc araferia, radgan revoluciis<br />

beladis azriT, mTavaria saqme (anu komunizmis mSenebloba)<br />

da araviTari mniSvneloba ar aqvs, ra gziT gavakeTebT mas:<br />

sicruiT, orpirobiT, daSinebiT, masobrivi mkvlelobebiT.<br />

zneobis amgvarma interpretaciam dedamiwis TiTqmis<br />

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naxevarze samocdaaTi wlis ganmavlobaSi ibogina, mravali<br />

milioni adamiani fizikurad mospo da mravali milioni sulierad<br />

daasaxiCra.<br />

imis miuxedavad, rom 2003 wlis noembridan saqarTvelos<br />

xelisuflebis saTaveSi Zalian axalgazrda, ucxoeTSi<br />

(ZiriTadad, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi) naswavli, arc-<br />

Tu uniWo axalgazrdoba mivida, misi zneoba da, aqedan gamomdinare,<br />

mTlianad mentaluri mdgomareoba, iyo leninuri,<br />

komunisturi.<br />

amis damadasturebeli uamravi TvalsaCinoebidan erTs,<br />

yvelaze `umniSvnelos~ moviyvan:<br />

saqarTvelos energomomaragebis sistema, rogorc sabazro<br />

kanoni moiTxovs, saswrafod ucxoeli kerZo mflobelis<br />

xelSi gadavida da masze raime saxelmwifo an arasaxelmwifo<br />

kontrolis daweseba SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda. zepiri<br />

garigeba energomflobelebsa da energomomxmareblebs<br />

Soris daaxloebiT aseTi iyo: (eleqtro)energia aris<br />

Cveni. Cven mas mogawvdiT, ai, am fasad (anu yvelaze Zvirad<br />

msoflioSi!), energiis xarisxze pasuxs ar vagebT; forsmaJorul<br />

viTarebaSi dazaraldebiT mxolod Tqven, momxmareblebi;<br />

roca saWirod miviCnevT, energias SegiwyvetT<br />

gaufrTxileblad da ganusazRvreli vadiT; uxarisxo enrgiis<br />

mowodebiT gamowveul zaralze pasuxs ar vagebT;<br />

tarifebs gavzrdiT sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr; davalianebis<br />

SemTxvevaSi, sanqciebi ganxorcieleba e. w. koleqtiuri<br />

pasuxismgeblobis principiT, anu mtyuan-marTlis<br />

ganurCevlad; nebismieri pretenzia momxmareblis mxridan<br />

ar miiReba!<br />

am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, saqme gvaqvs xelisuflebis,<br />

energomflobelebisa da TviTon energomomxmareblebis<br />

uzneobasTan: sakuTari angarebiTi motivebis gamo, amgvari<br />

viTareba Seqmna TviTon xelisuflebam; zemogebebis miRebisa<br />

da xelisuflebis mxridan ueWveli wayruebis imediT,<br />

borotad sargeblobs energomflobeli; xolo sakuTar<br />

inteleqtualur ZalebSi daeWvebuli da materialur umweobaSi<br />

darwmunebuli energomomxmarebeli sakuTari<br />

uflebebis aRdgenisTvis brZolis survils ar amJRavnebs,<br />

riTac xels uwyobs sayovelTao uzneobis damkvidrebas.<br />

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axla, rac Seexeba am periodis Jurnalistikas, kerZod,<br />

presas.<br />

albaT, swori ar iqneba imis Tqma, rom igi mTavari da<br />

yvelaze saSiSi uzneobis, xelisuflebis TviTnebobis winaaRmdeg,<br />

ar ibrZoda. ibrZoda, magram es brZola, wminda<br />

profesiuli TvalsazrisiT, iyo Zalian mdare xarisxisa.<br />

anu, XXI saukunis dasawyisis qarTulma presam ver moaxerxa<br />

zneobis gadarCenisTvis brZolis organizeba. metic,<br />

arakompetenturi, mSieri da sxvisi xelis Semyure presa<br />

metnaklebad TviTon aRmoCnda uzneobis WaobSi. vgulisxmob,<br />

ZiriTadad, masmediis im warmomadgenlebs, romlebic<br />

TavgamodebiT ibrZodnen `vardebis revoluciis~ barikadebze,<br />

Semdeg ki `revoluciis monapovrebis~ dasacavad.<br />

maqs veberis azriT, adamianuri qcevis aseT normebs<br />

zneobrivi TvalsazrisiT ar SeiZleba daerqvas `kargi~.<br />

Tumca, iqneb vcdebi kidec. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom<br />

zneoba aris sazogadoebis ganviTarebis romelime etapze<br />

Camoyalibebuli adamianis qcevaTa normebi, maSin xom Sesa-<br />

Zlebelia, rac erTs uzneoba da araeTikuri hgonia, mkvlevar-filosofosTa<br />

gulze gasaxeTqad, sxvisTvis sworedac<br />

eTikuri, zneobrivi iyos!<br />

avtoritaruli da humanisturi eTika<br />

XX saukunis germano-amerikeli filosofosisa da<br />

fsiqoanalitikosis, erix fromis* azriT, avtoritaruli<br />

eTikis pirobebSi `kargsa~ da `cuds~ saxelebs xelisufleba<br />

arqmevs, TviTonve adgens qcevis kanonebsa da normebs _<br />

dawerilsac da dauwerelsac.<br />

humanisturi eTikis pirobebSi adamiani Tavad gvevlineba<br />

eTikuri normebis kanonmdebladac da aRmsrulebladac.<br />

vfiqrob, aq aucilebelia dazusteba terminisa `avtoriteti~.<br />

miT ufro, rom sabWoTa sinamdvileSi es termini<br />

iwvevda beladomaniis, usamarTlobis, kriminaluri samyaros<br />

asociaciebs, xolo postsabWoTa epoqaSi igivdeboda<br />

axalgamoCekil partiul liderebTan, CinovnikebTan,<br />

273

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uwyebebTan, saeWvod gamdidrebul `biznesmenebTan~, qurduli<br />

samyaros bosebTan da a. S.<br />

es niSnavs, rom namdvili (racionaluri) avtoritetis<br />

ararsebobis (an ugulebelyofis) pirobebSi asparezze<br />

ueWvelad gamodis moCvenebiTi (iracionaluri) avtoriteti.<br />

sagulisxmoa, rom avtoritetebze saubrisas, asidan<br />

oTxmocdacxramet SemTxvevaSi, oratori Segnebulad ar<br />

azustebs, romel avtoritetze saubrobs, _ namdvilze<br />

Tu moCvenebiTze. imave erix fromis azriT, racionaluri<br />

avtoritetis wyaro aris kompetenturoba. amgvar avtoritets<br />

ar sWirdeba adamianis daSineba, maTi ndobis mopoveba<br />

araordinaluri an eqstravaganturi saqcieliT,<br />

radgan misi avtoriteti codnasa da gamocdilebaze myarad<br />

dgas. mas ar sWirdeba arc eqspluatacia da arc iracionaluri<br />

mowiweba. racionaluri avtoriteti ara marto<br />

SesaZleblobas uSvebs, aramed sazogadoebisgan iTxovs<br />

kidec sakuTari qmedebis Sefasebas da kritikas.<br />

moCvenebiTi (iracionaluri) avtoritetis wyaro adamianebze<br />

sakuTari Zalauflebis gavrcelebaa. es Zalaufleba,<br />

SesaZlebelia, iyos fizikuri an sulieri, absoluturi<br />

an SefardebiTi. iracionaluri avtoriteti or sayrdenze<br />

dgas _ SiSsa da Zalaze. aseT SemTxvevaSi, avtoritetis<br />

kritika ara marto dauSvebelia, aramed, ubralod, akrZalulia.<br />

namdvili avtoriteti dafuZnebulia ZalauflebiT<br />

aRWurvil pirTa da maTze daqvemdebarebul adamianTa<br />

Tanasworobaze. isini erTmaneTisgan SeiZleba gansxvavdebodnen<br />

mxolod codnis xarisxiTa da ostatobis doniT.<br />

iracionaluri avtoriteti Tavisi bunebiT efuZneba<br />

uTanasworobas, rac sakuTar TavSi Seicavs RirebulebaTa<br />

uTanasworobasac.<br />

termini `iracionaluri eTika~ gamoiyeneba iracionaluri<br />

avtoritetis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, roca `avtoriteti~<br />

gvevlineba totalitaruli, antidemokratiuli sistemis<br />

(reJimis) sinonimad.<br />

avtoritaruli eTika humanisturisgan ori kriteriumiT<br />

gansxvavdeba: formaluriT da SinaarsobriviT.<br />

274

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formaluri TvalsazrisiT, avtoritaruli eTika ar scnobs<br />

adamianis unars, Seimecnos keTili da boroti. aseTi<br />

avtoritetis mier dawesebuli qcevis normebi yovelTvis<br />

maRla dgas individualurze. ufro zustad, ase nebavs avtoritets<br />

da am nebis adamianebze gavrcelebas axerxebs<br />

kidec. aseTi sistema efuZneba ara codnasa da gonierebas,<br />

aramed subieqtis (individis) mier avtoritetis winaSe sakuTari<br />

uZlurebis, krZalvis, arasrulfasovnebis aRiarebas.<br />

aseT SemTxvevaSi, avtoriteti swrafad iZens SeuzRudav<br />

Zalauflebas, aravis ara aqvs mis gadawyvetilebebSi<br />

daeWvebis ufleba da SesaZlebloba.<br />

Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiT, avtoritaruli eTika<br />

sikeTesa da borotebas ganixilavs xelisuflebis (da ara<br />

individebis) interesebidan gamomdinare. Tavisi arsiT,<br />

amgvari xelisufleba eqspluatatorulia. araviTari mniSvneloba<br />

ara aqvs im faqts, rom calkeul adamianebs aseT<br />

SemTxvevaSic eZlevaT fsiqiuri, Tu materialuri keTildReobis<br />

mopovebis SesaZlebloba. gTxovT, yuradReba<br />

miaqcioT, rom saubaria swored fsiqiur da ara moralur<br />

upiratesobaze.<br />

naTqvamis sailustraciod, erix froms erTi aseTi magaliTic<br />

mohyavs: roca patroni sakuTar ZaRlze ambobs,<br />

`kargiao~, igi ZaRlis im Tvisebebs gulisxmobs, rac patronis<br />

moTxovnebs akmayofilebs _ modarajea, meZebaria<br />

an, sulac, alersiania da Tan, ukana TaTebze xtomac Seu-<br />

Zlia. sagani `kargia~ maSin, roca igi kargad emsaxureba mis<br />

mflobels. amave kriteriumiT SeiZleba mivudgeT adamianebsac.<br />

ufrosi `kargad~ miiCnevs im TanamSromels, visac<br />

piradad ufrosisTvis moaqvs sargebloba.<br />

vfiqrob, amiT gasagebi unda gaxdes, vTqvaT, prezidentis<br />

zneobrivi motivacia, roca igi `kargs~ uwodebs sakuTar<br />

Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs. zogadad, ministri ar Sei-<br />

Zleba iyos kargi an cudi _ igi asrulebs an ver asrulebs<br />

masze dakisrebul movaleobas. prezidenti ki mxolod imitom<br />

arqmevs saxels ministris saqciels, rom igi `kargia~<br />

ara saxelmwifosTvis, sazogadoebisTvis, aramed mmarTveli<br />

reJimisTvis da piradad prezidentisTvis.<br />

275

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xelisuflebas rom xelqveiTebis eqspluatireba ar<br />

undodes, cxadia, arc SiSiTa da emociuri daTrgunviT<br />

marTvis aucilebloba dadgeboda; xelisufleba racionalur<br />

gansjasa da kriticizmsac waaxalisebda. magram amiT<br />

TviTonve Seqmnida sakuTari arakompetenturobis gam-<br />

JRavnebis saSiSroebas.<br />

sakuTari absolutisturi interesebis sasworze<br />

dadeba rom ar surs, swored amitom xelisufleba mor-<br />

Cilebas asaRebs udiades sikeTed, xolo daumorCileblobas<br />

_ momakvdinebel codvad. avtoritaruli eTikis<br />

TvalsazrisiT, miutevebeli danaSaulia amboxi, radgan<br />

igi saeWvos xdis avtoritetis mier dawesebul normebsa<br />

da mis mTavar dogmas, romlis Tanaxmadac, es normebi Seqmnilia<br />

xalxis sakeTildReod.<br />

bunebrivia, zogadad, Tavis naSromebSi, da, kerZod, Cems<br />

mier damowmebulSic (`fsiqoanalizi da eTika. adamiani sakuTari<br />

TavisTvis~) erix fromi eyrdnoboda warsulis did<br />

moazrovneebs epikuredan*, platonidan da aristoteledan<br />

moyolebuli, neoplatonistebis, makiavelis, hobsis*,<br />

dekartis, kantis*, spinozas*, kierkegoris*, Sopenhaueris,<br />

hegelis* da Tanamedrove filosofos-interpretatorTa<br />

CaTvliT. ase rom, misi naSromebi XXI saukunis dasawyisis<br />

saqarTvelos sinamdvilesac exmaureba.<br />

modi, Cveni didi winapari, vaJa-fSavela gavixsenoT.<br />

ufro zustad, gavixsenoT misi damokidebuleba swored<br />

humanisturi da avtoritaruli eTikisadmi. nu SegvaSinebs<br />

is faqti, rom es terminologia vaJa-fSavelasTan, saer-<br />

Tod, ar gvxvdeba _ es didi poeti da moralisti xom,<br />

ZiriTadad, poetur nawarmoebebs qmnida da ara filosofiur<br />

traqtatebs!<br />

bevri qistisTvis marjvenis momWreli aluda qeTelauri<br />

`urjulo~ mucalTan pirispir SebrZolebam da misma mokvlam<br />

Seacbuna da iseT rameebze Caafiqra, razec manamde ar<br />

efiqra _ adamianis daniSnulebaze, adaT-wesebze, zneobaze<br />

da uzneobaze. aqamde xevsurTa Temis adaTis morCili<br />

raindi mixvda, rom, Turme, qistic adamiania, isic raindia,<br />

masac deda zrdis:<br />

276

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`Cven vityviT, kacni Cvena varT,<br />

martoT Cven gvzdian dedani;<br />

Cvena vscxondebiT, urjuloT<br />

kuprSi mieliT qSenani.<br />

amis TqmiT vwaramaraobT,<br />

RvTiSvilT ukeTes ician;<br />

yvelani marTals amboben<br />

gana, vinaca hfician?!~<br />

aluda qeTelauri pirvelad Cafiqrda xevsuruli samar-<br />

Tlis codva-bralianobaze, misi uzneoba Tvalwin gadaeSala<br />

da mware simarTle amoaTqmevina:<br />

`vai, egeTas samarTals,<br />

monaTluls codva braliTa~.<br />

aluda qeTelaurisa da Temis sxva wevrTa Soris gaCenili<br />

konfliqti aris swored maradiuli brZola borotsa<br />

da keTils, zneobasa da uzneobas Soris. am konkretul<br />

brZolaSi, erTi SexedviT, aluda marcxdeba _ igi ojaxTan<br />

erTad Temidan gaaZeves, magram es ar aris kapitulacia;<br />

aluda ar icvlis principebs, ar midis sindisTan garigebaze.<br />

`erTxel maisma SoriTa mware qviTini qalisao~, gvamcnobs<br />

vaJa da amiT gvagrZnobinebs, rom aludas, mis ojaxs<br />

TemSi gulSematkivari da Tanamoazre hyavs. es SoriT mware<br />

amoqviTineba, Cemi azriT, iqneb xevsurTa TemSi gaRviZebuli<br />

sindisis xmianobac iyos. aludas brZola samarTliania,<br />

zneobrivia. man maSin gaimarjva, roca masaviT raindulad<br />

mebrZol sxvatomels, xevsurTa tomis wesisamebr,<br />

xeli ar mosWra, raindis Sesaferi pativi miago. ai, aq iRviZebs<br />

swored adamianSi Cabudebuli kantiseuli `RvTiuri<br />

moraluri kanoni~. aludas saqcieli arc akviatebaa,<br />

arc SiSi, arc Temisadmi kriWaSi Cadgoma _ es aris keTil<br />

sawyisze, anu `RvTiur moralur kanonze~ dafuZnebuli<br />

qmedeba.<br />

didma humanistma da moralistma, vaJa-fSavelam aludas,<br />

joyolas (`stumar-maspinZeli~) da sxvaTa saxiT dagvanaxa,<br />

rom sikeTisTvis brZolas yovelTvis aqvs azri. es Widili,<br />

277

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es Tavganwirva rom ara, didi xania, boroti imZlavrebda da<br />

qveyniereba gaudaburdeboda.<br />

klasikurad miCneuli qarTuli literaturidan kidev<br />

erT magaliTs moviyvan. es gaxlavT konstantine gamsaxurdias<br />

mSvenieri leqsi:<br />

`zRvisferi gaqvs Tvalebi da Tavad hgevxar zRvas,<br />

Tu ar Segiyvardebi da misTxovdebi sxvas,<br />

gazafxulze mivatoveb Tesvasa da xvnas,<br />

gadavlaxav modidebul Woroxsa da mtkvars,<br />

cecxls gavatan Sens samyofels, Sens siyvaruls _ qars<br />

da mogiklav, moRalatev, mag nafereb qmars...~.<br />

ar vici, ras fiqrobs da ras ambobs am leqsze qarTuli<br />

literaturuli kritika. samagierod, vici, rom igi Zalian<br />

popularulia gardatexis asakis qarTvel biWebSi _ mec<br />

im asakSi viswavle da axlac maxsovs. daukvirdiT, leqsis<br />

gmiri rogor emuqreba satrfos _ Tu ar Segiyvardebi da<br />

sxvas misTxovdebi, Sens siyvaruls Sevelevi, Sens saxlkars<br />

cecxls mivcem, yvelafers davTmob, yvelgan mogZebni<br />

da mag nafereb-naloliaveb qmars mogiklavo! anu gamsaxurdias<br />

literaturul gmirs, sinamdvileSi, is zRvisferTvaleba<br />

qali ki ara, ubralod, sxva adamiani ki ara, mxolod<br />

sakuTari Tavi uyvars da im gaTxovili qalis (romelmac,<br />

savaraudod, misi arsebobac ki ar icis!) xelSi Casagdebad<br />

mzadaa, udanaSaulo adamians yeli gamoRadros. aq siyvarulze<br />

saubari, saerTod, uxerxulia. miT ufro, uxerxulia<br />

saubari zneobaze. albaT, qarTuli literaturis<br />

klasikoss CvenTvis `patiosnad uzneo~ adamianis daxatva<br />

surda da es am leqsiT moaxerxa kidec. iseve, rogorc es<br />

moaxerxa franguli (da msoflio!) literaturis siamayem,<br />

prosper merimem Tavis Tavzardamcem moTxrobaSi `mateo<br />

falkone~.<br />

Tumca, am Temaze saubars TavzexelaRebuli fsevdo<br />

Seyvarebulisa da daundobeli mamis uzneo magaliTebiT<br />

nu davasrulebT _ gulisSemZvreli qarTuli xalxuri<br />

`vefxvisa da moymis leqsi~ gavixsenoT, misi is nawili, sadac<br />

Svilmkvdari deda vefxvis dedasTan misasamZimreblad<br />

wasvlas epireba:<br />

278

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`xan ifiqrebda: udedod<br />

gazda vina Tqva Svilisa?<br />

iqneba vefxvis dedai<br />

Cemebr dRedaRam stirisa.<br />

wavid, mec aiq mivida,<br />

samZimar uTxra Wirisa,<br />

isic miambobs ambavsa,<br />

mec uTxra Cemi Svilisa,<br />

imasac bralid eqnebis<br />

uwyalod xmliT daWrilisa!~<br />

am sityvebis srulad gasigrZeganeba Zalian Znelia: deda<br />

sakuTari Svilis mkvleli vefxvis dedasTan misvlaze, misamZimrebaze<br />

da Wiris Semsubuqebaze fiqrobs: isic dedaa,<br />

isic, albaT, CemsaviT mwared dastiris xmliT daCexili<br />

Svilis sxeulso, mis ubedurebaSi xom brali Cems Svilsac<br />

miuZRviso...<br />

qarTveli deda TanagrZnobas ucxadebs daRupuli vefxvis<br />

dedas, im vefxvisa, vinc misi erTaderTi vaJiSvili Seiwira!<br />

albaT, es unda iyos adamianis bunebaSi Casaxlebuli<br />

RvTiuri zneobis gamoxatuleba. im zneobisa, romelic,<br />

sokrates azriT, mxolod codnaze, gamocdilebaze, sibrZnezea<br />

dafuZnebuli da saerTo araferi aqvs angarebasa<br />

da egoizmTan.<br />

Cven, vefxvis alali cremliT damtirebeli dedis Svilebs,<br />

zneoba, wesiT, sxvisgan ar unda gveswavlebodes. magram<br />

zogjer am codvil qveyanaze iseTi rameebi xdeba, Sei-<br />

Zleba, zneobis arsebobaSi eWvi Segeparos da Tavi oruelis<br />

`cxovelebis fermaSi~ gegonos.<br />

Mmeoce saukunis miwuruls, qarTul revoluciur telearxze<br />

`rusTavi 2~ didi popularobiT sargeblobda<br />

yovelkvireuli iaffasiani deteqtiuri Janris gadacema<br />

`60 wuTi~. misi wamyvani, deteqtiv-Jurnalisti akaki gogiCaiSvili<br />

iZiebda da yoveli kviris bolos `daundoblad<br />

amxelda~ SevardnaZis xelisuflebaSi gamefebul aTasgvar<br />

uzneobas.<br />

`60 wuTis~ erTi tipiuri siuJetis Sinaarsi aseTia: Ju-<br />

279

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nalistebi e<strong>saubrebi</strong>an saqarTvelos erT-erTi mTiani<br />

raionis policiis ganyofilebis ufross. policieli, vuwodoT<br />

mas Serifi, mzadaa gulwrfelad upasuxos samar-<br />

TlianobisTvis Tavdadebul Jurnalistebs, oRond, erTi<br />

pirobiT _ telekamerebis gareSe: mec Svilmkvdari mama<br />

var da Tu Cems oponents usmenT, iqneb Cemi argumentebic<br />

moisminoTo.<br />

Jurnalistebi Tanxmdebian Serifis winadadebas.<br />

aparaturas misaRebSi toveben, kabinetSi Sedian da... ukve<br />

faruli kameriT agrZeleben gadaRebas. marTalia, sakmaod<br />

gulwrfelad ilaparaka, magram Serifs raime saxelmwifo<br />

saidumloeba an, Tundac, Jurnalisturi TvalsazrisiT<br />

saintereso informacia ar gaucia.<br />

mTavari da SemaZrwunebeli aq Jurnalistebis saqcielia<br />

_ isini uTanxmdebian Serifs da maSinve veragulad atyueben<br />

mas. gTxovT, sworad gamigoT, _ me, zogadad, faruli<br />

kameriT gadaRebis winaaRmdegi ki ara var (Tu amis ukiduresi<br />

aucilebloba arsebobs), winaaRmdegi var Jurnalistebis<br />

mier gamoyenebuli uzneo meTodisa. saqme isaa, rom<br />

gapolitikosebulma Jurnalistebma erT sakmaod banalur<br />

istorias gadaayoles yovlad udanaSaulo adamianic da<br />

Jurnalistis Rirsebac.<br />

amitom gasakviri ar aris, rom am ambidan cota mogvianebiT,<br />

`revolucionerTa~ xelisuflebaSi misvlis Semdeg,<br />

gacilebiT STambeWdvi uzneoba Caidina sxva Jurnalistma<br />

qalbatonma, romelmac agreTve faruli kameris<br />

gamoyenebiT erT-erT sindisgarecxil deputatTan erTad<br />

aqtiuri monawileoba miiRo policiis saministros dakveTiT<br />

dadgmul speqtaklSi, romelic soliduri Tanxis<br />

gamoZalvis braldebiT im qalbatoni Jurnalistis kolegisa<br />

da megobris, Jurnalist Salva ramiSvilis dapatimrebiT<br />

damTavrda.<br />

samagierod, revoluciaSi wildadebulma `rusTavi 2ma~<br />

sakuTari TavisTvis `gamarjvebuli xalxis televiziis~<br />

sapatio tituli gamoigona da saswrafod saxelisuflo<br />

navSi gadajda. imave wuTidan odesRac misi mokavSire<br />

da Tavgamodebuli damcveli `gamarjvebuli xalxic~ pirwmindad<br />

daiviwya. bunebrivia, mrisxane `60 wuTi~ da misi<br />

280

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wamyvani `ayvavebuli~ qarTuli biznesis apologetebad<br />

iqcnen.<br />

es is SemTxvevebia, roca adamianis arsebaSi RvTiur<br />

zneobaze saubari uadgiloa. roca oruelis `cxovelebis<br />

fermidan~ is ambavi gaxsendeba, garevolucionerebuli<br />

Rorebi da gaRorebuli adamianebi Sexmatkbilebulad<br />

karts rom TamaSoben.<br />

araferia mzis qveS axali<br />

281<br />

eklesiaste<br />

eTika, anu, rogorc SevTanxmdiT, mecniereba zneobis<br />

Sesaxeb, maradiuli da sayovelTaoa, imis miuxedavad, rogor<br />

ganixilaven mas msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi. zneobac,<br />

adamianis mier uangarod sikeTis qmnisken mimarTuli<br />

qcevaTa kompleqsi, am mecnierebis Seswavlis sagani, maradiuli<br />

da sayovelTaoa.<br />

amitom yvelaferi is, razedac fiqrobdnen da msjelobdnen,<br />

fiqroben da msjeloben Zveli da Tanamedrove<br />

moazrovneebi, Tanabrad exeba saqarTvelosac. ufro zustad,<br />

Tanabrad exeba saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqes rasis,<br />

religiuri da eTnikuri kuTvnilebis, profesiisa da<br />

sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobis miuxedavad.<br />

iqneb vcdebi kidec, magram sruliad uazrod meCveneba<br />

CvenSi gavrcelebuli gamoTqma `maRali zneoba~, `maRali<br />

zneobis adamiani~ da a. S. zneoba, _ adamianis Tviseba uangarod<br />

sikeTis qmnisa, ar SeiZleba iyos elitaruli (maRali)<br />

an plebeuri (mdabali). ar SeiZleba, Tundac im mizezis<br />

gamo, rom zneoba ar gaxlavT uzneobis ubralo antonimi.<br />

uzneoba Tavis TavSi moicavs iseT qmedebasac, rac ara marto<br />

sazogadoebrivad (adamianurad) miuRebelia, aramed<br />

samarTlebrivad dasjadia. xolo arazneobrivi saqcielis<br />

samarTlebriv sibrtyeSi gadatana, xSirad, SeuZlebelia.<br />

Tumca, rogorc vatyob, rac ufro mets visaubrebT eTikaze,<br />

miT ufro davSordebiT mTavar saTqmels _ eTikisa<br />

da Jurnalistikis damokidebulebas. es, albaT, kanonzomiericaa,<br />

radgan eTika rTuli, saintereso da lamazi qali-

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viT macduri mecnierebaa _ rac ufro axlos ecnobi, miT<br />

ufro meti saidumlos amoxsna giwevs.<br />

Tu es asea, modi, cota kidev Tavs Zala davatanoT da<br />

amovxsnaT erTi arcTu martivi zneobrivi amocana: 2006<br />

wlis seqtemberSi zarzeimiT gvamcnes, rom `Tavisuflebis<br />

instituts~ xangrZlivi da mZime Sromis Semdeg SeumuSavebia<br />

eTikuri kodeqsi JurnalistebisTvis koduri saxelwodebiT<br />

`Jurnalisturi eTika~.<br />

ra mizniT SeiZleba Seqmniliyo es uZvirfasesi dokumenti?<br />

sanam uSualod amocanis amoxsnas SevudgebodeT, neba<br />

miboZeT, SegaxsenoT, rom arasamTavrobo organizacia<br />

`Tavisuflebis instituti~ 2003 wlis 23 noembris egreT<br />

wodebuli `vardebis revoluciisTanave~ qveynis umaRlesi<br />

mmarTvelobis paralelur organod gadaiqca. es SiSismomgvreli<br />

`arasamTavrobo~, wlebis ganmavlobaSi Tavisi<br />

gonebrivad mWle wiaRidan axalgazrda da uvici kadrebiT<br />

akompleqtebda ara marto umaRles sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebel<br />

da sasamarTlo xelisuflebas, TviT saxelisuflo<br />

daqvemdebarebaSi myof masobrivi informaciis saSualebebsac.<br />

Tu zneoba ar cnobs araviTar sazRvrebs da socialur<br />

barierebs, Tu eTika, rogorc mecniereba, sayovelTaoa,<br />

ratom aris aucilebeli profesiuli niSniT eTikuri kodeqsebis<br />

SemuSaveba?!<br />

rTuli SekiTxvaa. amitom, cota xniT mSobliuri komunisturi<br />

istoria gavixsenoT.<br />

oqtombris socialisturi revoluciis Semdeg (1917 w.)<br />

dauyovnebliv gamocxadda, rom diadi komunizmis mSenebloba<br />

iwyeboda carieli adgilidan. araviTari burJuaziuli<br />

ekonomika, mecniereba da kultura, araviTari bur-<br />

Juaziuli azrovneba, araviTari burJuaziuli zneoba! Cven<br />

gvinda yvelaferi axali: mecnierebac, kulturac, ekonomikac,<br />

saxelmwifo mowyobac, relsebic, azrovnebac da zneobac<br />

_ proletaruli, wiTeli zneoba!<br />

Tqves da gaakeTes kidec. rac imas mohyva, uTuod iciT<br />

istoriidan _ yvela sikeTesTan erTad (magaliTad, proletaruli<br />

mwerloba, sabWoTa xalxi, sabWoTa eqimis fici,<br />

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wiTeli rkinigza...) saswrafod SeiTxza `komunizmis mSeneblis<br />

moraluri kodeqsi~. igi iqca savaldebulo wesad<br />

msoflio socialisturi sistemis xalxebisTvis _ TiTqmis<br />

naxevari kacobriobisTvis!<br />

axla advilia pasuxis gacema, radgan amaze istoriam<br />

ukve upasuxa: msoflio proletariatis beladebs sulac<br />

ar sWirdebodaT zneobrivi moazrovneebi. maT sWirdebodaT<br />

efemeruli `komunizmis~ mSeneblebi, proletaruli<br />

zneobis, anu zneobawarTmeuli Semsruleblebi.<br />

profesiuli `eTikuri kodeqsi~, Cvens SemTxvevaSi, `Jurnalisturi<br />

eTikis kodeqsi~, sulac ar gaxlavT viRac<br />

usaqmuri vigindarebis nacuRlutari. misi avtorebi arc iseTi<br />

gulubryviloebi unda iyvnen, gulwrfelad daijeron,<br />

rom farisevluri `Jurnalisturi eTikis~ SeTxzva marTlac<br />

xels Seuwyobs sazogadoebaSi zneobrivi faseulobebis<br />

damkvidrebas. ase rom iyos, maSin avtorebi, upirveles yovlisa,<br />

xelisuflebas miuTiTebdnen, rom uzneobaa, Tu mkvlelebisTvis<br />

sasjelis Sesamsubuqeblad, parlamenti sisxlis<br />

samarTlis kodeqsSi Sesworebebs Seitanda (2006 wlis<br />

aprilSi saqarTvelos parlamentma aseTi gadawyvetileba<br />

mkvlelobaSi braldebuli CinosnebisTvis sasjelisa da<br />

patimrobis pirobebis Sesamsubuqeblad marTlac miiRo).<br />

xelisuflebas (romelsac warmoadgens `arasamTavrobo~<br />

organizacia `Tavisuflebis instituti~) romelime<br />

profesiuli niSniT gaerTianebuli adamianTa<br />

jgufisTvis specialuri eTikuri kodeqsis SemuSaveba<br />

SeiZleba sWirdebodes am jgufis moqmedebaze mkacri<br />

saxelisuflo kontrolis dasamyareblad.<br />

civilizebul samyaroSi Jurnalisturi amqari aris<br />

sazogadoebis erT-erTi yvelaze moazrovne, Seurigebeli,<br />

meamboxe da, rac mTavaria, gavleniani nawili. revolucias<br />

ar uyvars urCebi da moazrovneebi. diqtaturaze meocnebe<br />

da demokratobanas moTamaSe revoluciuri xelisufleba<br />

yvelafers akeTebs moazrovneTa da meamboxeTa gasaneitraleblad,<br />

maTTvis `adgilis misaCenad~. istoriidan<br />

isic gvaxsovs, XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi ra dRe daayara<br />

sabWoTa revoluciurma xelisuflebam urCebs da moazrovneebs.<br />

283

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samwuxarod, XXI saukunis dasawyisis saqarTvelos xelisuflebac<br />

iyo revoluciuri.<br />

`Jurnalisturi eTikis kodeqsis~ gamoCena aris xelisuflebis<br />

aSkara mcdeloba Jurnalistebis samoqmedo<br />

arealis mkacr CarCoebSi Casasmelad. es aris xelisuflebis<br />

qceva, romelsac safuZvlad udevs SiSi da<br />

Zaladoba. zemoT naTqvams Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, es aris<br />

xelisuflebis uzneobis mWevrmetyveluri magaliTi.<br />

etyoba, XXI saukunis dasawyisis saqarTvelos umaRles<br />

xelisuflebaSi ar aRmoCnda damrigebeli, vinc, verusis<br />

msgavsad, SviliSvils zneTa siwmindes aziarebda; arc iseTi<br />

SviliSvili aRmoCnda, vinc, markus avreliusis msgavsad,<br />

brZeni papisgan raimes iswavlida.<br />

rac Seexeba Jurnalists, am rTuli, Zneli da uaRresad<br />

sapasuxismgeblo profesiis warmomadgenels, man unda ixelmZRvanelos<br />

mxolod im zneobrivi faseulobebiT, rac<br />

uzenaesma adamianis bunebaSi Cado da amiT igi adamianad<br />

aqcia.<br />

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Tavi X<br />

samarTali da Jurnalistika<br />

daviwyoT samarTlis im ganmartebiT, romelsac 85 weliwads<br />

gulmodgined aswavlidnen qarTul umaRles saswavleblebSi:<br />

`samarTali aris zogadsavaldebulo qcevis wesebis,<br />

normebis sistema, romelic dadgenilia an sanqcirebulia<br />

kompetenturi saxelmwifo organoebis mier, an _<br />

referendumis gziT. misi Sesruleba savaldebuloa yvelasTvis,<br />

xolo realizacia uzrunvelyofilia saxelmwifos<br />

mier~.<br />

adamianebi, albaT, Tavs bednierad vigrZnobdiT, am ganmartebis<br />

wakiTxvisa da gaazrebiT Semdeg rom SegvZleboda<br />

alalad gveTqva _ `me vici, ra aris samarTali.~ iqneb ase-<br />

Ti adamiani dedamiwaze marTlac moiZebneba da igi swored<br />

saqarTveloSi cxovrobs, magram darwmunebuli var, igi ar<br />

iqneba qarTvel JurnalistTa amqarSi.<br />

vinaidan filosofiur moZRvrebebs dRemde ar gaucia<br />

saboloo da amomwuravi pasuxebi zneobis, Tavisuflebis,<br />

demokratiis, samarTlis, kanonis, sikeTis, borotebis,<br />

codnis... raobaze, `me vici samarTalis~ mTqmeli adamiani,<br />

SesaZloa, filosofosTa an JurnalistTa Soris ki ara,<br />

fsiqiatriuli dawesebulebis mudmiv klientTa Soris<br />

ufro iolad aRmovaCinoT.<br />

albaT, sainteresoa, ras fiqroben sakuTari codnis Sesaxeb<br />

is adamianebi (politikosebi, saxelmwifo Cinovnikebi,<br />

marTlmsajulebis sferos warmomadgenlebi...), visac gangebam<br />

samarTlianobis saxeliT gadawyvetilebis miRebis<br />

ufleba-movaleoba mianiWa (an, iqneb, miusaja!). Tu am socialuri<br />

jgufis warmomadgenelTa moRvaweobiTa da sajaro<br />

gamosvlebiT vimsjelebT, daskvna Zneli gasakeTebeli ar<br />

unda iyos _ maTi umravlesoba sakuTari karieris garda<br />

araferzec ar fiqrobs, maT Soris arc sakuTar codnaze da<br />

arc mis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Sedegebze.<br />

samarTlis sfero didad pativdebulia Jurnalistika-<br />

Sic. deteqtiur siuJetebs da qronikebs rom Tavi davane-<br />

285

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oT, mTel msoflioSi da saqarTveloSic gansakuTrebiT<br />

popularulia e. w. Jurnalisturi gamoZieba. am gamoZiebis<br />

av-kargze ukve visaubreT, magram erTi ram aucileblad<br />

unda iTqvas _ bevr sxva ramesTan erTad, samarTlebrivi<br />

TemebiT dainteresebuli JurnalistisTvis yovlad aucilebelia,<br />

zogadad, samarTlis Teoriis codna. ufro<br />

metadac ki, vidre es sWirdeba profesional gamomZiebels,<br />

radgan Jurnalisti valdebulia sakuTar simarTleSi<br />

daarwmunos sazogadoebis farTo warmomadgenloba,<br />

gamomZieblis interesebi ki, ZiriTadad, prokuroris da<br />

mosamarTlis iqiT ar midis.<br />

CinovnikTa da Temidas msaxurTa Temas male isev davubrundebi<br />

da Sevecdebi dagarwmunoT, rom Cemi es ironia sulac<br />

ar aris usafuZvlo.<br />

meoce saukunis erT-erTi udidesi samarTlis filosofosis,<br />

gustav radbruxis azriT, samarTali adamianis gonebis<br />

qmnilebaa da rogorc adamianis yoveli qmnileba, isic<br />

mxolod sakuTari ideidan gamomdinare SeiZleba aixsnas.<br />

anu raime sagnis an movlenis arsi me _ adamianma, SemiZlia<br />

avxsna, rogorc misi daniSnulebidan gamomdinare (rasakvirvelia,<br />

ise, rogorc me vxedav da ganvixilav am sagans an<br />

movlenas). profesori radbruxi erTi SexedviT Zalian ubralo<br />

magaliTs gvTavazobs: misi miznobrivi daniSnulebidan<br />

gamomdinare, modi, avxsnaT, ra aris... magida _ es aris<br />

oTx fexze mdgari specialurad damuSavebuli zedapiris<br />

mqone ganieri ficari. amgvar axsnas, bunebrivia, maSinve<br />

mohyveba Tqveni protesti _ xom arsebobs samfexa, calfexa<br />

an, sulac ufexo (e. w. gadmosaSleli) magidebic. e. i. fexi<br />

magidisTvis ganmsazRvrelad ver gamodgeba. darCa ficari,<br />

magram magidis ganmsazRvrelad arc is gamodgeba, radgan<br />

igi sxva araferia, garda sufTa zedapiris mqone dafisa,<br />

romelsac, SesaZloa, uamravi sxva daniSnulebac hqondes.<br />

sabolood, magida SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT, rogorc zed<br />

raimes dasadebad gamiznuli mowyobiloba (ra Tqma unda,<br />

es gansazRvrebac ar aris sruli). ese igi, Semfasebluri<br />

gansjis gareSe raime sagnis an movlenis axsna, ubralod,<br />

SeuZlebelia. aseve SeuZlebelia instinqturi, araSemfasebluri<br />

(Sefasebas moklebuli) msjeloba samarTalze an<br />

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aime samarTlebriv movlenaze. ufro zustad, SesaZlebelia<br />

nebismieri msjeloba, Tu igi sagnis an movlenis arsSi<br />

metnaklebi siRrmiT Casawvdomad gamodgeba.<br />

mokled, Tu Jurnalisti SeZlebs da cnobismoyvare publikas<br />

Semfasebluri gansjis safuZvelze auxsnis magidis,<br />

skamis, qvevris, doqis, yanwis, WinWilis da adamianisTvis<br />

aucilebeli nebismieri sxva konkretuli sagnis arssa da<br />

mniSvnelobas, igi, mondomebis SemTxvevaSi, samarTlisa<br />

da samarTlianobis arsSi Cawvdomas da sakuTari naazrevis<br />

mkiTxvelTa samsjavroze gamotanasac moaxerxebs.<br />

mxolod maSin moaxerxebs, Tu moTminebiT aRiWurveba da<br />

samarTlis filosofiis zogierT problemas gaecnoba.<br />

magaliTad, aseTs:<br />

ra aris samarTali?<br />

modi, samarTlis cnebaSi vigulisxmoT is, riTac es saubari<br />

daviwyeT: `samarTali aris zogadsavaldebulo qcevis<br />

wesebis, normebis sistema...~ da a. S. maSin samarTali<br />

SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT, rogorc mocemuloba, romlis dedaazri<br />

aris samarTlebrivi ideis realizacia. barem aqve<br />

vTqvaT, rom es samarTlebrivi idea sami elementisgan Sedgeba:<br />

samarTlianoba, mizanSewoniloba, samarTlebrivi<br />

stabiluroba. ZiriTadad, es sami elementi qmnis `marTal<br />

samarTals~. samwuxarod, es sameuli sulac ar hgavs eJvneb-<br />

Sebmul cxenebs, erTsulovnad win rom miaqaneben rusul<br />

`troikas~, arc leninur `samerTian amocanasTan~ aqvs raime<br />

kavSiri da, RmerTo mapatie _ arc RvTiur samebasTan.<br />

qveynebisa da epoqebis mixedviT upiratesoba samarTlis<br />

romelime elements eniWeboda. magaliTad, revoluciebis<br />

epoqaSi, rogorc wesi, Zalian popularulia xolme samarTlianobis<br />

Tema, Sua saukuneebSi _ stabilurobisa, liberaluri<br />

demokratiis xanaSi _ politikuri mizanSewonilobisa.<br />

es niSnavs, rom, Tumca es `sameuli~ erTad qmnis<br />

da `marTavs~ samarTals, magram zogjer (qveyanas da epoqas<br />

gaaCnia!) maT Soris umwvavesi dapirispireba gardauvalia.<br />

vinaidan amgvar dapirispirebas sagareo an Sina omebis garda<br />

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araferi moaqvs, mas yvela gonieri xelisufleba unda ufr-<br />

Txodes da ufrTxis kidec (Tumca, safrTxes rom moerido,<br />

misi arsebobis Sesaxeb unda icode!). nebismierma gonierma<br />

xelisuflebam icis, rom, zogadad, samarTlianoba (rac<br />

gansazRvravs qveynis politikur da ekonomikur stabilurobas),<br />

yvela urTierTsawinaaRmdego saxelmwifoebrivsamarTlebriv<br />

Tvalsazrisze da politikur dapirispirebebze<br />

maRla dgas. amitom raime mkveTrad dapirispirebul<br />

sakiTxebze kamaTis damTavrebis faqti ufro mniSvnelovania,<br />

vidre TviTon am sakiTxis samarTlianad da mizanSewonilad<br />

gadawyveta. sxva sityvebiT, qveyanaSi Tavad marTlwesrigis<br />

arseboba ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre am marTlwesrigis<br />

samarTlianoba da mizanSewoniloba.<br />

marTlwesrigis arseboba aris samarTlis meore udidesi<br />

amocana. pirveli ki isaa, razec aravin ar kamaTobs _ samarTlebrivi<br />

stabiluroba da samarTlebrivi uSiSroeba.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, CvenTvis, ocdameerTe saukunis saqarTvelos<br />

moqalaqeebisTvis, ase `mSobliuri~ politikuri<br />

brZolebi Tavisi arsiT araferia, samarTlianobaze gau-<br />

Tavebeli da ukompromiso dava-kamaTis garda.<br />

jer, Zalian mokled, samarTlianobaze vilaparakoT,<br />

mere am gauTavebeli dava-kamaTebis safuZvelsac mivadgeT.<br />

vinaidan dro (amqveynad Cemi cxovrebis vadas vgulisxmob)<br />

Zalian cota maqvs, vityvi pirdapir _ samarTlianoba<br />

SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc adamianebis uflebebis<br />

uzrunvelyofa.<br />

samarTlianoba ormagi bunebisaa _ kanonmorCileba da<br />

sakuTriv kanoni. pirvels SeiZleba vuwodoT msajulis<br />

(mosamarTlis) samarTlianoba, anu patiosneba; meores _<br />

kanonmdeblis (xelisuflebis) samarTlianoba.<br />

samarTali _ es aris sinamdvile (faqti), romlis Rirebuleba<br />

aris is, rom emsaxureba samarTlianobas. Tu samar-<br />

Tali ar emsaxureba samarTlianobas (samwuxarod, asec xSirad<br />

xdeba, gansakuTrebiT, Cvens `mziur da RvTismSoblis<br />

wilxvedr~ saqarTveloSi), igi ar aris sinamdvile (moCvenebiTia)<br />

da arc Rirebuleba gaaCnia (aqve didi mokrZalebiT<br />

SegaxsenebT, rom RirebulebaTa Teoriis Sesaxeb mSvenieri<br />

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naSromebi aqvs gamoqveynebuli SesaniSnav qarTvel filosofoss<br />

da sazogado moRvawes, niko WavWavaZes).<br />

samarTlis (erT-erTi) Teoriis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifos<br />

da demokratiis burjad aRiarebuli samarTlis erTader-<br />

Ti da uzenaesi mizani samarTlianobisadmi samsaxuria. sxva<br />

sityvebiT, saxelmwifo da samarTali aris mxolod dawesebuleba,<br />

romelic icavs da stimuls aZlevs moqalaqes.<br />

Tumca, aqve Cndeba sabediswero kiTxvac (Tu ar vcdebi,<br />

igi jer kidev me-18 saukunis Sua xanebSi dasva didma germanelma<br />

mweralma gothold efraim lesingma): saxelmwifo<br />

arsebobs adamianebisTvis, Tu adamianebi _ saxelmwifosTvis?!<br />

samwuxarod, es ar aris ritorikuli kiTxva. bolosdabolos,<br />

me, moqalaqe, uzarmazari saxelmwifo manqanis<br />

marTlac erTi WanWiki var, romelmac am dauzeTavi manqanis<br />

xaTriT yvelaferi unda viTmino (riskenac mogviwodebda<br />

saqarTvelos yvela mmarTveli imperator pavle pirvelidan,<br />

prezident miSa saakaSvilamde), Tu var Rirseuli,<br />

patiosani pirovneba, visac icavs da exmareba saxelmwifo.<br />

jer sami sruliad gansxvavebuli adamianis aseve radikalurad<br />

gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisebi vnaxoT:<br />

`mTeli Rrianceli yvela poetebis<br />

gauTavebeli roca kamaTia,<br />

ar Rirs im erT cremlad, Tvals rom moedebis<br />

da Rrma mogonebam me rom damaTia~.<br />

galaktioni<br />

`italieli eri aris moraluri, politikuri da ekonomikuri<br />

erToba, romelmac srulad Seisxa xorci (italiis)<br />

faSistur saxelmwifoSi~.<br />

musolini*<br />

`Cven didad vafasebT xelovnebis qmnilebebs, magram gv-<br />

Zuls misi Semqmnelebi~.<br />

plutarqe*<br />

am citatebidan gamomdinare, pirobiTad, galaktionisTvis<br />

samarTlis uzenaesi mizani aris adamiani; benito<br />

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musolinisTvis _ saxelmwifo, xolo plutarqesTvis _<br />

kultura. anu gamoikveTa samarTlis sami uzenaesi mizani<br />

_ adamiani, saxelmwifo, kultura.<br />

TiTqos am Tvalsazrisebs Soris winaaRmdegoba ar unda<br />

iyos, magram erTis xarjze meorisTvis upiratesobis mini-<br />

Webas an diqtaturamde mivyavarT, an saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis<br />

sistemis rRvevamde. es winaaRmdegoba wiTel xazad<br />

gasdevs kacobriobis istorias. da, ai, didma qarTvelma,<br />

ilia WavWavaZem sul raRac samiod sityviT gamoxata adamianTa<br />

saukuneobiT nafiqri da naocnebari: `mamuli, ena,<br />

sarwmunoeba~.<br />

didma iliam gaaerTiana samive Tvalsazrisi _ mamuli<br />

(saxelmwifo), ena (adamiani), sarwmunoeba (kultura) da<br />

agvixsna, rom saWiroa ara TvalsazrisTa da msoflmxedvelobaTa<br />

dapirispireba, aramed maTi harmoniuli Tanaarseboba.<br />

misi Rrma rwmeniT, samarTlis uzenaesi mizani unda<br />

iyos adamianic, saxelmwifoc da kulturac.<br />

axla, modi, Tanamedroveobas gadavxedoT da kiTxva ase<br />

davsvaT, ra iyo XXI saukunis dasawyisis qarTuli samarTlis<br />

uzenaesi mizani _ adamiani, saxelmwifo, kultura, Tu<br />

samive erTad? an, iqneb _ arc erTi?<br />

darwmunebuli var, rom mravali wlis Semdegac, es kiTxva<br />

saqarTveloSi da msoflios kidev bevr qveyanaSi isev aqtualuri<br />

iqneba.<br />

codvas ver davideb _ saqarTveloSi, aRmosavleT evropis<br />

da, saerTod, postsocialisturi qveynebis umetesoba-<br />

Si didxans mimdinareobda seriozuli <strong>saubrebi</strong> demokratiuli<br />

principebis damkvidrebaze, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis<br />

mSeneblobaze, kanonis Tu samarTlis uzenaesobaze, xelisuflebisa<br />

da xalxis erTianobaze, Tavisuflebaze, gamarjvebebze<br />

da, ra Tqma unda, naTel momavalze, romelsac<br />

Cven, qarTvelebs, Turme, ratomRac mogvitanda Crdiloatlantikuri<br />

samxedro-politikuri gaerTianeba (NATO),<br />

yazaxebs ki _ ruseTi.<br />

Tumca, es iqiT iyos da, britanul-amerikul iuridiul<br />

praqtikaSi damkvidrebuli samarTlis uzenaesoba da evropulSi<br />

damkvidrebuli samarTlebrivi saxelmwifo<br />

identuri cnebebia da samarTlis SemakavSirebel Zalas,<br />

290

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despotizmisa da tiraniis SemzRudvel samarTlis sistemas<br />

gulisxmobs.<br />

es niSnavs, rom samarTali, SesaZloa, atarebdes despotizmis<br />

niSnebs da iyos ara samarTlianobis, aramed tiraniis<br />

(diqtaturis, absolutizmis...) msaxuri. metic, Tanamedrove<br />

msoflios qveynebis umravlesobaSi samarTali<br />

aris ara samarTlianobis, aramed xelisuflebis, partiahegemonis,<br />

saxelisuflo klanis msaxuri.<br />

TviT samarTlis uzenaesoba, anu samarTlebrivi saxelmwifo<br />

ar aris absoluturi Rirebuleba. marTalia, samarTlis<br />

uzenaesoba, anu xelisufalTa (Zalis gamomyenebelTa<br />

da SeRavaTebis mimniWebelTa) nebis SezRudva uzrunvelyofs<br />

moqalaqeTa uflebebis dacvas, amave dros, samarTlis<br />

uzenaesobis xelmiwevniT dacvac ki samarTlianobisa da<br />

wminda adamianuri faqtoris gamoyenebis saSualebas ar iZleva,<br />

radgan samarTals ar SeuZlia mxedvelobaSi miiRos<br />

iseTi ram, risi gazomvac SeuZlebelia (magaliTad, tkivili,<br />

tanjva, aRtaceba, aRSfoTeba, SiSi, siZulvili). aseT<br />

SemTxvevaSi, mTavari xdeba ara TanamSromloba, aramed dapirispireba<br />

da gamarjvebis wyurvili.<br />

samarTali ar aris panacea, naklic bevri aqvs, magram mainc<br />

igi demokratiis, adamianTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis<br />

safuZvelia. ruso brZanebda, amqveynad uZlieresic ki<br />

uZluria, Tu sakuTar Zlierebas samarTlad, xolo morCilebas<br />

aucileblobad ar gadaaqcevso. am mxriv, marTlac<br />

sainteresoa is kiTxva, axlaxan rom davsviT _ ra unda iyos<br />

qarTuli samarTlis uzenaesi mizani. gaviTvaliswinoT, rom<br />

samarTlis uzenaesobis uSualo ganmaxorcielebeli nebismier<br />

samarTlebriv saxelmwifoSi aris sasamarTlo.<br />

maS, ase: ra iyo am periodis qarTuli samarTlis uzenaesi<br />

mizani _ adamiani,saxelmwifo, Tu kultura, an iqneb,<br />

arc erTi?!<br />

_ modi, am siidan Tavidanve amovricxoT kultura. Tundac<br />

im motiviT, rom Ratak saxelmwifoSi Rataki biujeti<br />

kulturul Rirebulebebze maRla kuWis problemebs unda<br />

ayenebdes. is faqti, rom TbilisSi yovel SabaT-kviras<br />

feierverkebi imarTeboda, axal-axali Sadrevnebi da kafe-<br />

Santanebi ixsneboda, mTavrobis wevrebi sawnaxelSi Wyum-<br />

291

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palaobdnen, funikulioris satelevizio anZaze naTurebi<br />

cimcimebda, samarTlis uzenaes miznad kulturis aRiarebas<br />

ar niSnavs.<br />

xolo grandiozuli marTlmadidebluri taZris da wminda<br />

giorgis aranakleb grandiozuli Zeglis aSeneba (Tumca,<br />

amaSi saxelmwifos finansuri monawileoba, faqtobrivad,<br />

nulis tolia!), gaxlavT ara kulturaze zrunva, anu<br />

samarTlis uzenaes miznad kulturis gamocxadeba, aramed<br />

xelisuflebis diqtaturisken swrafvis ucxadesi materialuri<br />

gamoxatuleba.<br />

rac Seexeba adamians:<br />

2003 wlis noembridan moyolebuli, ori wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />

mxolod policiam, mxolod quCaSi, mxolod eWvis niadagze<br />

mokla 19 adamiani;<br />

Tbilisis e. w. `cixis buntis~ dros policiam mokla kidev<br />

7 adamiani;<br />

2006 wlis bolosTvis saqarTvelos cixeebSi yovlad<br />

araadamianur pirobebSi ijda 20000-mde adamiani; (2010<br />

wlisTvis am cifrma 35 aTass miaRwia! red.)<br />

maTgan gasamarTlebas eloda 12 000-mde adamiani;<br />

2006 wlis mxolod 10 Tvis ganmavlobaSi cixis saknebSi<br />

gardaicvala 79 adamiani;<br />

parlamentma miiRo kanonebi, konstituciaSi Seitana<br />

specialuri Sesworebebi prezidentis uflebaTa gazrdis<br />

Taobaze;<br />

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi Seitana cvlilebebi,<br />

riTac kanons mianiWa ukuqceviTi Zala sasjelis<br />

damZimebis TvalsazrisiT;<br />

saqarTvelos moqalaqis saSualo Tviuri Semosavali<br />

1,5-jer Camouvardeboda somxeTisa da azerbaijanis, 2-jer<br />

_ ruseTis, 2,5-jer _ belorusis da ukrainis, 5-jer _ estoneTis<br />

moqalaqis saSualo Tviur Semosavals;<br />

2004-2006 wlebSi fasebma produqtebze, energomatareblebze<br />

da ZiriTad samomxmareblo saqonelze saSualod<br />

250-300 procentiT moimata;<br />

sameurneo danaSaulisTvis gamarTuli aTasobiT sasamarTlo<br />

procesidan dacvis mxaris gamarjvebiT ar dam-<br />

Tavrebula arc erTi saqme;<br />

292

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arasruli statistikiT, `vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg<br />

sami wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo datova 100 000-mde<br />

saqarTvelos moqalaqem;<br />

saqarTvelos prezidentma sajarod gamoacxada e. w. `nulovani<br />

tolerantobis~ politika danaSaulSi eWvmitanil-<br />

Ta mimarT da piradad Ss ministrs, specsamsaxurebs maTi<br />

dauyovnebeli likvidaciisken mouwoda;<br />

saqarTvelos xelisuflebis qedmaRluri da sinamdvilisadmi<br />

araadekvaturi rusuli politikis gamo, saqarTvelo<br />

mTlianad izolirebuli aRmoCnda ruseTisgan;<br />

parlamentma da prezidentis administraciam moamzada<br />

kanonproeqtebi 12 wlis mozardebisTvis sisxlis samarTlis<br />

pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis da kerZo biznesis mimarT<br />

saxelmwifos damokidebulebis gasastikebis Sesaxeb;<br />

mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT mxolod administraciuli<br />

organoebis miTiTebiT, sasamarTlos gverdis avliT,<br />

daangries, daarbies an daluqes aTeulobiT warmatebuli<br />

kompania;<br />

sxvadasxva motiviT, saqarTvelos parlamentidan gaaZeves<br />

xuTi deputati;<br />

sami wlis ganmavlobaSi xuTjer (!) Seicvala qveynis samxedro<br />

ministri;<br />

sami wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos parlamentis partia-hegemonis<br />

(nacionaluri moZraoba) mxardamWeri orasze<br />

meti (235-dan) deputatidan, romelime sakamaTo gadawyvetilebis<br />

gamo sakuTari azri ar gamouTqvams arc erTs<br />

_ orasze meti deputatis azri sami wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />

jiutad emTxveoda prezidentisas!...<br />

es gaxlavT mcire CamonaTvali imisa, rac 2003 wlis 23<br />

noembris Semdeg demokratiulad mosulma xelisuflebam<br />

gaakeTa moqalaqeTa uflebebis SesazRudavad, magram,<br />

vfiqrob, am daskvnis gasakeTeblad sakmarisi unda iyos _<br />

ocdameerTe saukunis dasawyisis qarTuli samarTlis<br />

uzenaesi mizani ar yofila adamiani!<br />

darCa saxelmwifo, Tumca, CvenTvis ukve kargad nacnob<br />

mis ganmartebas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, qarTuli samarTlis<br />

uzenaes miznad saxelmwifos gamocxadeba TviT formaluri<br />

logikis moSveliebiTac ki, Zalian gaWirdeba.<br />

293

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arc saxelmwifo, arc adamiani, arc kultura! es niSnavs,<br />

rom xelisuflebas samarTali sWirdeba mxolod<br />

sakuTari Zalauflebis gansamtkiceblad, ufro zustad<br />

_ reJimis SesanarCuneblad.<br />

ocdameerTe saukunis dasawyisis saqarTvelos samarTlebrivi<br />

sistema lesingis SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad<br />

ver gamodgeba, radgan qarTuli samarTlis<br />

uzenaesi mizani iyo `adamianic da saxelmwifoc xelisuflebisTvis!~<br />

ver vityvi, rom es ar aris samarTali. ra Tqma unda, aris,<br />

magram, rogorc didi vaJa brZanebda, es aris `codva-braliT<br />

monaTluli~ samarTali, romelic mwvaved upirispirdeba<br />

realobas, istoriis ganviTarebis kanonzomierebas da emsaxureba<br />

qveyanaSi revoluciuri viTarebis Camoyalibebas.<br />

zemoT avRniSne, rom egreT wodebuli politikuri<br />

brZolebi araferia samarTalze da samarTlianobaze gau-<br />

Tavebeli dava-kamaTis garda.<br />

wesier qveyanaSi, sadac samarTlis uzenaesi mizani iliaseuli<br />

mamuli-ena-sarwmunoebis, anu adamiani-saxelmwifo-kulturis<br />

erTobaa, politikuri debatebi, ZiriTadad,<br />

Teoriuli xasiaTisaa da kamaTisTvis oficialurad gamoyofil<br />

sivrces ar scdeba, mrisxane demonstraciebSi da<br />

qvebis srolaSi ar gadaizrdeba. kamaTs, rogorc wesi, didi<br />

xelovnebiT warmarTavs Jurnalistika. misi Sinaarsic,<br />

daaxloebiT am CarCoebSi eteva: erTs ar surs mieces isi,<br />

rasac iTxovs; meores surs, dauTmon is, rac ukve mii-<br />

Ro; yvela erTad cdilobs, ar moiTxovos araferi iseTi,<br />

ris moTxovna sxvasac SeuZlia... anu wesieri qveynebis<br />

politikosebi icaven politikuri TamaSis wesebs. icaven,<br />

upirveles yovlisa, imitom, rom arsebobs Tavad es mtkiced<br />

dadgenili wesebi da am wesebis dacvis mdidari tradiciac.<br />

iseT qveyanaSi, rogoric iyo XX saukunis miwurulis da<br />

XXI-is dasawyisis saqarTvelo, umwvavesi politikuri debatebi,<br />

ZiriTadad, absurdul Temebze imarTeboda, magaliTad,<br />

aseTebze:<br />

unda gadadges Tu ara Tanamdebobidan policiis ministri,<br />

romlis uaxloesi garemocva, maT Soris, meuRlec,<br />

294

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eWvmitanilia mkvlelobaSi;<br />

kanonieria Tu ara premier-ministris daniSvna navTobis<br />

korporaciis sameTvalyureo sabWos Tavmjdomared, Tu<br />

aseTi ram akrZalulia kanoniT;<br />

miiRebs Tu ara obieqtur gadawyvetilebas mosamarTle,<br />

romelsac akontrolebs da miTiTebebs aZlevs prokurori;<br />

aris Tu ara udanaSaulobis prezumfciis darRveva,<br />

roca eWvmitanils sajarod damnaSaved acxadebs qveynis<br />

prezidenti;<br />

SeiZleba Tu ara kerZo sakuTrebis ganadgureba imis<br />

gamo, rom igi ar moswons qalaqis mers;<br />

aris Tu ara xalxis mier arCeuli gamgebeli, romelic<br />

Tavisi brZanebiT daniSna prezidentma;<br />

gaaumjobesebs Tu ara sazogadoebis socialur mdgomareobas<br />

dedaqalaqis centralur moedanze agebuli Sadrevani;<br />

sWirdeba Tu ara ganaTleba da gamocdileba saministrod<br />

gamzadebul axalgazrda revolucioners...<br />

kamaTi, TavisTavad, argumentebis moSveliebas, SejibrebiTobas<br />

gulisxmobs _ imarjvebs is, visac meti argumenti,<br />

meti codna da ukeTesi logika aqvs. yovel SemTxvevaSi, asea<br />

JurnalistikaSi, asea mecnierebaSi da bolo dromde darwmunebuli<br />

viyavi, rom ase iyo politikaSic. magram, rogorc<br />

prezidenti saakaSvili ambobda _ nuras ukacravad! ocdameerTe<br />

saukunis qarTuli politikuri kultura, ker-<br />

Zod, politikuri kamaTi, uprecedento aRmoCnda msoflio<br />

politikis istoriaSi _ erT mxares ar ainteresebda, ras<br />

fiqrobda da ras akeTebda meore mxare. es iyo ara kamaTi,<br />

aramed politikosTa dauswrebeli Sejibri usagno qiliksa<br />

da enakvimatobaSi. partia-saxelmwifos (nacionaluri<br />

moZraobis) wevrebs Zalian moswondaT yvela da yvelaferi,<br />

vinc da rac moswonda prezidents. ar arsebobda araviTari<br />

gamonaklisi!<br />

meore mxriv, partia-saxelmwifos oponentebs ar moswondaT<br />

aravin da araferi, rac moswonda prezidents. araviTari<br />

gamonaklisi aqac ar arsebobda!<br />

metic, moxda msoflio politikaSi gaugonari ambavi _<br />

opozicia gaebuta xelisuflebas, xolo xelisufleba _<br />

295

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damoukidebel medias! qarTveli `jiuti Txebis~ logika<br />

aseTi iyo: Tu davamtkiceb, rom Cemi oponenti `cudia~ (sulelia,<br />

uvicia, maxinjia...) amiT imasac davamtkiceb, rom me<br />

`kargi~ (Wkviani, ganaTlebuli, lamazi...) var!<br />

saqarTveloSi Seiqmna iseTi viTareba, roca xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenlebma ar ician da arc surT icodnen<br />

samarTlis uzenaesobis aucilebloba, xolo misi oponentebi<br />

erTobian da tkbebian maTi am uvicobiT. marTalia,<br />

opozicia mwared akritikebs xelisuflebas, magram, adre<br />

Tu Ggvian isic xelisuflebaSi misvlas gegmavs da urCevnia,<br />

rom qveyana imarTebodes `kargi biWebis~ `magari xeliT~ da<br />

ara mtkice samarTlebrivi sistemiT.<br />

XXI saukunis qarTul samarTlebriv sivrceSi marTlac<br />

pikanturi viTareba Seiqmna _ `reformebis~ saxeliT aRmasrulebelma<br />

xelisuflebam araraobad aqcia sasamarTlo<br />

xelisufleba. amas isic daerTo, rom saqarTveloSi, istoriulad,<br />

ar mzaddeboda kanonSemoqmedi da mosamarTle<br />

iuristebi; Zalian mcire yuradReba eTmoboda samarTlis<br />

filosofiis mcodne kadrebis momzadebasac.<br />

dRevandeli `cudi~ mmarTvelebi xval rom `kargebma~<br />

Secvalon, isinic `cudebi~ iqnebian, radgan marTvis<br />

Teoria da samarTlis filosofia arc maT ecodinebaT,<br />

kvalificiuri kanonSemoqmedebi da mosamarTleebi arc<br />

maT eyolebaT, kanonis arsSi Cawvdoma maTac gauWirdebaT,<br />

isinic ver upasuxeben sabediswero kiTxvas: saxelmwifo<br />

arsebobs adamianisTvis, Tu adamiani _ saxelmwifosTvis?<br />

qarTul politikur Zalebsa da politikosebs<br />

Soris ar moiSleba politikuri dava-kamaTiT SeniRbuli<br />

qiSpoba da mocileoba, samarTlis uzenaesoba ver<br />

damkvidrdeba, kanoni ver ikanonebs, qveyanaSi simSvide<br />

ver daisadgurebs da kars axali revolucia Semogvimtvrevs.<br />

axla, albaT, is dro dadga, roca oriode sityva kanonzec<br />

unda iTqvas:<br />

klasikuri da aRiarebuli ganmartebiT, kanoni aris<br />

saxelmwifos uflebamosili organos mier miRebuli da<br />

damtkicebuli qcevis normebi, romlebic darwmunebis an<br />

iZulebis wesiT savaldebuloa Sesasruleblad am saxelm-<br />

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wifos teritoriaze myofi yvela fizikuri da iuridiuli<br />

pirisTvis. es `darwmuneba da iZuleba~, bunebrivia, samar-<br />

Taldamcavi da represiuli sistemebis arsebobasac gulisxmobs.<br />

adamianis qmedebaTa SezRudvebisa da akrZalvebis<br />

mTeli es arcTu unaklo, rTuli da bumberazi sistema<br />

kacobriobam Seqmna adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa<br />

dasacavad. me, adamians, saxelmwifo mzRudavs, maiZulebs,<br />

mikrZalavs, raTa me viyo Tavisufali! paradoqsia, magram<br />

adamianis uflebebis da Tavisuflebebis sagarantiod<br />

ufro efeqtiani saSualeba Zneli warmosadgenia.<br />

saxelmwifos arsebobis pirobebSi, sazogadoebis nebismier<br />

wevrs ara aqvs bevri qmedebis Sesrulebis Tavisufleba<br />

(rasac kanoni krZalavs), magram ufleba aqvs, Seasrulos<br />

uamravi is qmedeba, romelTa Sesrulebis garantias iZleva<br />

igive kanoni. anu, marTalia, kanoni me mzRudavs, magram,<br />

amave dros, sxvasac ukrZalavs CemTvis raRac (uamravi) qmedebis<br />

SesrulebaSi xelis SeSlas (vewvio eklesias, gamovaqveyno<br />

Cemi azri, gavakritiko xelisufleba, vimogzauro,<br />

ganvqorwinde...).<br />

modi, kidev erTxel gavixsenoT `mama~ basil mkalaviSvilis<br />

dapatimrebis ambavi. am sasuliero pirad gadacmul<br />

xuligans da aSkarad antiqristian `moRvawes~, dapatimrebis<br />

Semdeg qarTul sazogadoebaSi bevri damcveli gamouCnda.<br />

sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba mis mimarT iqneb,<br />

marTlac zedmetad mkacri iyo da xelisuflebis dakveTis<br />

sunic dahkravda, magram aq mTavari is aris, rom sazogadoebis<br />

erTma nawilma mis qmedebaSi kanonis darRveva ver<br />

dainaxa. anu sazogadoebis erT nawils miaCnia, rom kanoni<br />

arsebobs TavisTavad, ganyenebulad da igi ganurCevlad<br />

Yyvelas mimarT ar unda ganxorcieldes. cota ufro Sors<br />

Tu wavalT, adamianebis erT nawils Tavisufleba sakuTar<br />

privilegiad warmoudgenia.<br />

aseTi ram, ZiriTadad, iq xdeba, sadac kanoni sxvisTvis<br />

da Tavisufleba sakuTari TavisTvis warmoudgeniaT<br />

TviT xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs da, sadac kanoni<br />

ar Seesabameba sayovelTaod aRiarebul normebs.<br />

samarTalma unda daakmayofilos raRac pirobebi, raTa<br />

Seasrulos Tavisi umTavresi funqcia _ adamianis qcevaTa<br />

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warmarTva. am pirobebTan dakavSirebiT, arsebobs sayovel-<br />

Tao konsensusi. fuleris cnobili `CamonaTvalis~ gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

es pirobebi daaxloebiT ase gamoiyureba:<br />

1. kanoni unda iyos zogadi;<br />

2. unda gamocxaddes sajarod;<br />

3. ar unda hqondes ukuqceviTi Zala;<br />

4. unda iyos cxadi;<br />

5. ar unda Seicavdes urTierTsawinaaRmdego normebs;<br />

6. ar unda adgendes Sesasruleblad SeuZlebel normebs;<br />

7. unda iyos stabiluri;<br />

8. unda gamoiyenebodes Tanmimdevrulad.<br />

ra Tqma unda, SeiZleba kidev bevri ramis Tqma, rogori<br />

unda iyos an rogori ar unda iyos kanoni. aq amis ganxilvis<br />

dro da saSualeba ar aris, magram damoukidebeli saqarTvelos<br />

kanonmdebloba, mTlianad samarTlebrivi sivrce,<br />

faqtobrivad, vercerT am moTxovnas ver akmayofilebs,<br />

rac kanonebis TviTneburi interpretaciis saSualebas<br />

iZleva da, sabolood, sazogadoebaSi samarTlebrivi nihilizmisa<br />

da kanondaumorCileblobis sindroms ayalibebs.<br />

ocdameerTe saukunis dasawyisis politikur xvanjebSi<br />

gaxlarTulma, mSierma, sakuTari uTavisuflebobiT Tu<br />

usazRvro TavisuflebiT gawamebulma qarTulma Jurnalistikam<br />

amisTvis ver moicala.<br />

samwuxarod, arc codna da gamocdileba eyo.<br />

298

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Tavi XI<br />

Tavisufleba da Jurnalistika<br />

sakmaod xangrZlivi Jurnalisturi moRvaweobisas Sevxvedrivar<br />

bevr adamians, vinc TavgamodebiT ibrZoda<br />

Jurnalistikis TavisuflebisTvis. sanaqebo da keTilSobiluri<br />

saqcielia, magram saqme is aris, rom am adamianTa<br />

umravlesobas miaxloebiTi warmodgenac ki ar hqonda arc<br />

Tavisuflebaze da arc <strong>Jurnalistikaze</strong>. Tavisufleba<br />

gulwrfelad egona Tandayolili an memkvidreobiT miRebuli<br />

uflebebis paketi, xolo Jurnalistika _ yvelafris<br />

daubrkoleblad Tqmis da weris SesaZlebloba.<br />

xeibari Tavisufleba<br />

Tu gulwrfelad gainteresebT Tavisuflebis raoba,<br />

miT ufro, Tu Jurnalisti xarT da amis codna TqvenTvis<br />

mniSvnelovania, girCevT, CaataroT ubralo eqsperimenti:<br />

avtoritetul mecnierebs, samecniero dawesebulebebs,<br />

gnebavT, ase momravlebul adamianis uflebaTa damcvel<br />

arasamTavrobo organizaciebs gaugzavneT Txovna, Zalian<br />

mokled gipasuxon kiTxvaze: ra aris Tavisufleba?<br />

darwmunebuli brZandebodeT, rom orasidan orasive<br />

SemTxvevaSi miiRebT gansxvavebul pasuxs da... yvela pasuxi<br />

iqneba principulad swori!<br />

guls nu gaitexT _ rogorc raimond aroni ambobs, `Tavisuflebis<br />

universaluri da erTaderTi formula ar<br />

arsebobs~. TviTon Tavisuflebis arsebobaSi, mgoni, eWvi<br />

aravis epareba, magram Tavisuflebis zusti gansazRvreba<br />

TiTqmis iseve SeuZlebelia, rogorc, magaliTad, SiSis, si-<br />

Zulvilis an siyvarulisa.<br />

roca Tavisuflebaze laparakoben, rogorc wesi, moqalaqis<br />

politikur Tavisuflebas gulisxmoben, rac moqalaqisa<br />

da saxelmwifos, moqalaqisa da kanonis sakmaod<br />

rTul urTierTobebs exeba.<br />

absolutur, srul, usazRvro Tavisuflebaze sauba-<br />

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i araseriozulia. SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom Tavisufleba<br />

aris nebadarTuli qmedebebisTvis raime winaaRmdegobis<br />

ararseboba. sityva `nebadarTuli~ imitom moviSvelie,<br />

rom saxelmwifos arseboba, rogorc vTqvi, TavisTavad gulisxmobs<br />

SezRudvaTa da akrZalvaTa mTel sistemas. imedia,<br />

saxelmwifos warmoSobis principic gaxsovT: Tvi-<br />

Teulis yvelasTan da yvelasi TviTeulTan dadebuli<br />

xelSekruleba. sakuTari uflebebis da SesaZleblobebis<br />

nebayoflobiTi delegireba arCeuli piris an rCeulTa<br />

krebulis xelSi qmnis demokratiul saxelmwifos, romelic<br />

aris (unda iyos!) TviTeulis Tavisuflebis garanti.<br />

aseT viTarebaSi, SezRudvebis da akrZalvebis gaTvaliswinebiTac<br />

ki, yovel moqalaqes aqvs, upirveles yovlisa,<br />

arCevanis Tavisufleba. saxelmwifo qmnis pirobas, rom<br />

moqalaqem SeZlos Tavisufali arCevanis gakeTeba, xolo<br />

kanoniT daSvebuli qmedebisTvis mas ar xvdeba raime garegani<br />

dabrkoleba. anu Tavisufalia is adamiani, visac saqmis<br />

keTebaSi xels araferi ar uSlis da ris keTebac mas saku-<br />

Tari fizikuri da gonebrivi SesaZleblobebidan gamomdinare<br />

SeuZlia.<br />

magaliTad, Tu adamians xelfexi Sekruli aqvs da ar<br />

SeuZlia siaruli, igi ar aris Tavisufali, radgan winaaRmdegoba<br />

masSi ki ara, borkilebSia. siaruli ar SeuZlia xeibarsac,<br />

magram am SemTxvevaSi winaaRmdegoba TviTon am<br />

adamianSia. amitom igi Tavisufalia, Tumca, siaruli masac<br />

ar SeuZlia. Tu maqvs arCevanis Tavisufleba, ese igi, var<br />

Tavisufali. me aravin ar maiZulebs, Sevide maincdamainc<br />

ieRovelTa seqtaSi an leiboristul partiaSi. arc vinme<br />

miSlis, sakuTari surviliT avirCio religiuri konfesia<br />

an politikuri partia, viswavlo harvardis universitetSi<br />

an jixaiSis sasoflo-sameurneo akademiaSi, colad SevirTo<br />

mozambikeli zangi an daniis princesa, viyido `zaporoJeci~<br />

an milionnaxevar evrod Rirebuli `bugat-veironi~. sxva<br />

saqmea, realurad SemiZlia Tu ara imis gakeTeba, risi ar-<br />

Cevanis sruli Tavisuflebac maqvs. magaliTad, sakmarisia<br />

Tu ara Cemi arCevani daniis princesaze dasaqorwineblad an<br />

`bugat-veironis~ sayidlad. aqedan gamomdinare, SegviZlia<br />

vTqvaT, rom realuri Tavisufleba aris is, rasac vuwodebT<br />

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SesaZleblobas: Tavisufalia Cemi Svili, vinc swavlis gagr-<br />

Zeleba harvardis universitetSi arCia, magram Tavisufali<br />

ara var me, misi mSobeli, radgan materialuri mdgomareoba<br />

Svilis harvardSi gagzavnis saSualebas ar maZlevs.<br />

raRacis akrZalva an SezRudva ar ewinaaRmdegeba Tavisuflebis<br />

cnebas. me, gazeT `dronis~ (an saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi<br />

televiziis) korespondents ufleba maqvs ar<br />

Sevasrulo redaqtoris nebismieri davaleba. aseT SemTxvevaSi,<br />

redaqtorsac SeuZlia Cems mimarT gamoiyenos kanoniT<br />

misTvis miniWebuli uflebebi _ damajarimos, misayveduros,<br />

samsaxuridan gamaTavisuflos. magram ufleba ara<br />

aqvs, mcemos, gamlanZRos, an kuTxeSi damayenos.<br />

sabolood, Tavisufleba da SesaZlebloba erTmaneTs<br />

upirispirdeba. liberaluri demokratiis qveyanaSi saxelmwifo<br />

yovelTvis cdilobs am dapirispirebis Serbilebas<br />

da, rogorc wesi, amas axerxebs kidec. magaliTad, fermerebs<br />

aZlevs SeRavaTian kreditebs, amaragebs mecnieruli<br />

rekomendaciebiT, teqnikiTa da sasuqebiT, raTa maTi arCevanis<br />

Tavisufleba miuaxlovdes maTsave SesaZleblobas _<br />

moiyvanos maRali mosavali, miiRos mogeba da iyos konkurentunariani;<br />

aregulirebs sagadasaxado sistemas; iZleva<br />

mitingebis da manifestaciebis Catarebis saSualebas; opoziciur<br />

politikur partiebs uqmnis moRvaweobis srulfasovan<br />

pirobebs; gahyavs jari vietnamidan (avRaneTidan,<br />

erayidan, kambojidan, angolidan...).<br />

mokled, saxelmwifo yvelanairad cdilobs bunebrivad<br />

dapirispirebuli Rirebulebebi `Tavisufleba~ da<br />

`SesaZlebloba~ gadaaqcios erTazrovan `Tavisufleba-<br />

SesaZleblobad~. xazs vusvam _ amas liberaluri demokratiis<br />

saxelmwifo akeTebs realurad, sazogadoebrivi<br />

azris gaTvaliswinebiT, zedmeti facifucis gareSe,<br />

daumadleblad da utyuarad.<br />

yvelaferi es sazogadoebas miewodeba, rogorc masze<br />

zrunva (da, rasakvirvelia, asec aris). yvela saxelmwifom<br />

icis, rom Tu ase ar moxda, sazogadoebaSi revoluciuri<br />

dapirispireba, praqtikulad, gardauvalia.<br />

zogjer umravlesoba moiTxovs iseTi RonisZiebebis gatarebas<br />

(magaliTad, konstituciur cvlilebebs), rac um-<br />

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ciresobas usamarTlod an damTrgunvelad eCveneba. aseT<br />

SemTxvevaSi, kanonmorCil umciresobas isRa darCenia,<br />

elodos, rodis Seignebs umravlesoba sakuTar sibriyves<br />

da Secvlis Tavis gadawyvetilebas. Tu vaRiarebT, rom<br />

demokratiuli normebi aris Tavisuflebis arsi da fundamenti,<br />

maSin yvelaze didi demokratic ki iZulebuli<br />

gaxdeba daeTanxmos paradoqss _ unda SeveguoT Cagvras<br />

Tavisuflebis saxeliT! aseTia liberaluri demokratiis<br />

dogmatizmi. magram cxovrebaSi aseTi ram TiTqmis ar xdeba.<br />

cxovrebaSi mware sinamdvilesTan gvaqvs saqme _ erTmaneTis<br />

pirispir dgeba maradiuli antinomia: formaluri<br />

Tavisufleba da realuri Tavisufleba, anu zustad is, razec<br />

ukve visaubreT _ Tavisufleba da SesaZlebloba.<br />

Cven gvaqvs arCevanis Tavisufleba da SegviZlia daubrkoleblad<br />

avirCioT CvenTvis sasurveli religiuri konfesia<br />

(sxvaTa Soris, meoce saukunis bolos am mtkivneuli<br />

arCevanis winaSe saqarTvelos mosaxleobis aTeisturi nawili<br />

marTlac dadga). amasTanave, konstituciurad da, CavTvaloT,<br />

realuradac, eklesia gamoyofilia saxelmwifosgan.<br />

mokled, morwmunis Tavisufleba saxelmwifosTan mimarTebaSi<br />

TiTqmis ukideganoa. vwuxvar, magram unda vTqva,<br />

rom sinamdvileSi mTlad ase ar aris: nebismieri religiuri<br />

konfesiis (kaTolike, marTlmadidebeli, ebraeli, budisti,<br />

baptisti, luTerani, kalvinisti, Siiti, suniti, ismailiti,<br />

vahabiti, kriSnaidi da a.S. da a.S.) wevri valdebulia daemor-<br />

Cilos am konfesiisTvis aRiarebul dogmebs. am dogmebis<br />

gansja-ganxilva xSirad kategoriulad akrZalulia, radgan<br />

isini `RvTis mieraa nakarnaxevi~ da `WeSmaritia~. ase rom ar<br />

iyos, am religiuri konfesiis arsebobas azri ar eqneboda.<br />

bevri konfesiis dogmebis mixedviT, dauSvebelia qmedeba,<br />

romelic Seuracxyofs misi wevris religiur rwmenas. ase-<br />

Ti gamovlinebani sasjels imsaxurebs. zogi konfesia, Tavis<br />

mxriv, pirdapir moiTxovs aqtiur moqmedebas urwmunoTa<br />

sulebis gadasarCenad _ vinc Tavis uflebebs sxvaTa mosaqcevad<br />

ar gamoiyenebs, igi sakuTar sulsac ver ixsnis.<br />

anu erTs dauSveblad da udides codvad miaCnia sakuTar<br />

saqmeebSi sxvisi Careva, meore kategoriulad moiTxovs sxvaTa<br />

moqcevas da swored sxvis saqmeSi Caurevloba miaCnia<br />

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udides codvad. nu daiviwyebT, rom uklebliv yvela konfesia<br />

aris `WeSmariti~, xolo yvela dogma _ ~uryevi~!<br />

aseT SemTxvevaSi, rogorc wesi, mwvave dapirispireba<br />

gardauvalia. sxvas rom Tavi davaneboT, mrisxane da daundobeli<br />

jvarosnuli omebis ideologiuri safuZvelic<br />

swored religiur konfesiebs Soris dapirispireba iyo.<br />

Tanamedrove epoqaSi religiur safuZvelze omebi iSvia-<br />

Tia, magram sakmaod xSiria konfliqtebis mosagvareblad<br />

saxelmwifos represiuli aparatis amoqmedeba.<br />

viTareba zogjer marTlac pikanturia. magaliTad, ie-<br />

Rovelebs, sakuTari pacifisturi rwmenebidan gamomdinare,<br />

yovlad warmoudgenlad miaCniaT... sisxlis gadasxma.<br />

arada, aseTi aucilebloba ieRovelis winaSec xSirad Cndeba<br />

_ ubeduri SemTxveva an seni adamianebs religiuri<br />

niSniT erTmaneTisgan ar ansxvavebs! iwyeba xelCarTuli<br />

dava medicinasa da ieRovas mowmeebs Soris, rac pacientis<br />

daRupviT (Tu morwmuneebma gaimarjves), an morwmune-<br />

Ta umZimesi SeuracxyofiT (Tu medpersonalma gaimarjva)<br />

mTavrdeba. ufro sworad, dapirispireba amiT ar mTavrdeba,<br />

radgan diskusiaSi dauyovnebliv erTvebian politikuri<br />

Zalebi, arasamTavroboebi, sxva religiuri konfesiebi,<br />

samarTaldamcavebi, Sarlatanebi, demagogebi, studentebi,<br />

usaqmurebi da a. S.<br />

Cemi mSvenieri Tavisufleba<br />

dedamiwaze arc erTi despoti ar uaryofs Tavisuflebis<br />

mSvenierebas, oRond igi sxvisTvis ar emeteba. darwmunebulia,<br />

rom `sxva~ ar aris am mSvenierebis Rirsi. uTanxmoeba<br />

`despotsa~ da `sxvas~ Soris sufevs ara TviTon Tavisuflebis<br />

gagebaSi (igi orivesTvis mSvenieria!), aramed adamianebis<br />

SefasebaSi (me var Tavisuflebis Rirsi, is _ ara!).<br />

Tavisufleba Tanasworobasac gulisxmobs. bunebrivia,<br />

ar vlaparakob iseT (saqarTvelosnair) qveyanaze, sadac,<br />

magaliTad, sapatimro adgilebis departamentis norC<br />

Tavmjdomares qveynis parlamentis xandazmuli wevri Tavis<br />

tol-sworad ar miaCnia; parlamentis umravlesoba ar<br />

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scnobs umciresobas da romelime ministri parlamentis<br />

Tavmjdomares amreziT uyurebs. me klasikuri (liberaluri)<br />

demokratiis qveyanaze vlaparakob.<br />

aseT qveyanaSic ki socialuri da politikuri Tanasworoba<br />

araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar iZleva ekonomikuri Tanasworobis<br />

safuZvels, magram kategoriulad moiTxovs iseTi<br />

instrumentis Seqmnas, romelic adamianebs Rirseuli<br />

cxovrebisTvis aucilebel resursebs gadaunawilebs.<br />

ocdameerTe saukunis dasawyisis saqarTveloSi aseTi<br />

`gadamanawilebeli~ instrumenti ar arsebobda da, albaT,<br />

amis brali unda iyos, rom parlamentis wevris saSualo<br />

xelfasi daaxloebiT 80-jer aRemateboda pensioneris<br />

saSualo Semosavals. amiT imis Tqma minda, rom Tundac am<br />

parametriT, saqarTvelos rigiTi moqalaqe (pensioneri)<br />

da saSualo Cinovniki (ministris moadgile) ar SeiZleba<br />

yofiliyvnen da arc iyvnen Tanaswori _ Cinovniks Tavisufleba<br />

sakuTari mSvenieri nivTi egona, `rigiTs~ _ caSi<br />

mokiafe varskvlavi.<br />

Tavisufleba, rogorc wesi, Taviseburad esmiT liberalebs,<br />

socialistebs, diqtatorebs, nacistebs, komunistebs<br />

da, Tundac, e. w. planifikatorebs, romlebic<br />

fiqroben, rom Tavisufleba aris `gacnobierebuli aucilebloba~.<br />

vfiqrob, planifikatorTa `gacnobierebuli<br />

aucileblobidan~ umciresobis mZlavrobamde da<br />

liberaluri Tavisuflebis srul uaryofamde misvlas<br />

didi filosofosoba ar unda sWirdebodes. Tu xelisuflebis<br />

umaRlesi eSelonis warmomadgeneli (vTqvaT,<br />

premier-ministri) parlamentis deputatis SekiTxvaze<br />

pasuxobs, `asea saWiro, mets arafers getyvi~, es niSnavs,<br />

rom batoni premieri aris planifikatori da qveyanaSi<br />

ukve dasrulebulia `umciresobis mZlavrobisa~ da `liberaluri<br />

Tavisuflebis sruli uaryofis~ Camoyalibebis<br />

procesebi.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, planifikatorebs isic miaCniaT, rom qveyanaSi<br />

ekonomikuri keTildReoba mxolod iZulebiT miiRweva.<br />

orazrovneba rom gamoiricxos, ganvmartav, rom planifikatorebi<br />

me, moqalaqes gamdidrebas ki ar maiZuleben,<br />

aramed maiZuleben viSromo praqtikulad ufasod, sxvaTa<br />

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gasamdidreblad, an nebismieri sababiT CamomarTvan qoneba,<br />

Tu igi gamaCnia.<br />

vinaidan Tavisufleba Taviseburad esmiT sazogadoebis<br />

sxvadasxva socialuri jgufis warmomadgenlebs,<br />

amitom, rogorc vTqvi, adamianebs xSirad abnevs Tavisuflebis<br />

macduri xibli da nebsiT Tu uneblied, erTmaneTSi<br />

ureven Tandayolil da memkvidreobiT miRebul<br />

uflebebs imaSi, rac kanoniT saxelmwifos ekuTvnis. xolo<br />

Tu am Secdomas zurgs umagrebs maRali avtoritetis mqone<br />

pirovnebis Teoriuli dasabuTebac, ueWvelad mivalT<br />

ajanyebamde da saxelmwifo gadatrialebamde.<br />

amgvari perspeqtivis klasikur nimuSad `vardebis revoluciac~<br />

gamodgeba.<br />

marTali giTxraT, ar mjera, rom igi saqarTveloSi da<br />

qarTvelebis xeliT daigegma _ saqarTveloSi ar arsebobda<br />

instituti, romlis inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebi<br />

aseTi grandiozuli masStabis aqciis ase uzadod dagegmvasa<br />

da ganxorcielebas gawvdeboda. Tumca, aq mniSvnelovania<br />

Sedegi _ xelisuflebis Zaladobrivi Secvla,<br />

romelsac misma organizatorebma uwodes revolucia. igi<br />

ganxorcielda da ganviTarda Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT<br />

brwyinvaled damuSavebuli sqemis mixedviT da ultraTanamedrove<br />

politikuri teqnologiebis virtuozuli gamoyenebiT:<br />

Tavidan moqalaqeTa kavSirs, mmarTvel partias<br />

(partia-saxelmwifos) radikalurad daupirispirda misive<br />

erT-erTi frTa, romelmac sakuTari Tavi Zalian swrafad<br />

warmoadgina xalxis absoluturi umravlesobis nebis<br />

gamomxatvelad; Semdeg manve Seqmna xalxis dauZinebeli<br />

mtris xati prezident SevardnaZis saxiT (nu daiviwyebT,<br />

rom im periodSi SevardnaZe samarTlianad sargeblobda<br />

msoflio socialisturi sistemis erT-erTi damangrevlis<br />

saxeliT, anu misgan mtris xatis Seqmna urTulesi amocana<br />

iyo!); Semdeg, Zalian mokle droSi, TiTqmis araraobidan<br />

Seqmna uryevi avtoriteti, beladi mixeil saakaSvilis<br />

saxiT; Semdeg ipovna Zalian faqizi sababi `masebis~ asamoZraveblad<br />

_ 2003 wlis 2 noembris arCevnebi, romelic<br />

arafriT ar gamoirCeoda uaxloesi winamorbedi arCevnebebisgan;<br />

Semdeg Zalian iolad `aabunta~ sazogadoeba da<br />

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gadaibira SevardnaZis gankargulebaSi arsebuli mTeli<br />

represiuli aparati armiis, Ss saministros, specialuri<br />

da saidumlo samsaxurebis CaTvliT; bolos, xelvardiani<br />

beladi piradad SeiWra umaRlesi sakanonmdeblo organos<br />

sxdomaTa darbazSi, rasac TiTqmis dauyovnebliv mohyva<br />

prezident SevardnaZis istoriuli gadawyvetileba _ wavedi<br />

saxlSi! yvelaferi es, Cemi dakvirvebiT, sul mcire,<br />

rva wlis ganmavlobaSi (1995 wlidan) mzaddeboda da, rac<br />

CvenTvis, JurnalistebisTvis yvelaze sagulisxmoa, mzaddeboda<br />

masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis uaqtiuresi<br />

monawileobiT. SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas, rom `vardebis<br />

revoluciis~ yvelaze mrisxane iaraRi iyo masmedia.<br />

ra Tqma unda, amis gamo maSindel qarTul masmedias arc<br />

vaqeb da arc vaZageb. ubralod, igi Zalian efeqturad gamoiyenes<br />

politteqnologiebis brwyinvaled mcodne uCinarma<br />

reJisorebma. mere ki, xelisuflebaSi mosulma axalma<br />

klanma guSindeli Tavgamodebuli mokavSireebi gulgrilad<br />

da ubodiSod nagavSi moisrola. Tan ise, rom protestis<br />

gamoTqmis moraluri uflebac ar dautova.<br />

es mware gakveTili, wesiT, didxans ar unda daaviwydes ara<br />

marto qarTul, aramed msoflio Jurnalistikas. imaTac ki,<br />

visac Tavi, meti rom ar SeiZleba, iseTi Tavisufali hgonia.<br />

qarTuli Jurnalistikis am `revoluciurma~ nawilma,<br />

demokratizmis principebidan gamomdinare, isargebla ar-<br />

Cevanis TavisuflebiT da mxarSi daudga revolucias. Tu<br />

gulwrfel Secdomas gamovricxavT, SesaZloa, igi ase arc<br />

moqceuliyo SesaZleblobis, anu ekonomikuri Tavisufleba<br />

rom hqonoda.<br />

igiveobaTa jaWvi<br />

qarTuli revoluciis analizidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia<br />

davaskvnaT, rom TviT liberaluri demokratia<br />

da Tavisufleba ar aris sayovelTao Tanxmobisa da ke-<br />

TildReobis garantia. magram mainc, iZulebuli varT daveTanxmoT<br />

aristoteles (yvela gza xom aristotelesTan<br />

midis!): `demokratia gulisxmobs Tavisuflebas, vinaidan<br />

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sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, rom nebismieri sxva mmarTvelobis<br />

pirobebSi aravin ar aris Tavisufali~. Tavisuflebis<br />

Semoqmedi demokratiuli saxelmwifo, SesaZloa, iyos<br />

militaristulic da pacifisturic, progresulic da<br />

reaqciulic, absolutisturic da liberaluric, centralizebulic<br />

da decentalizebulic _ sxvadasxva epoqaSi<br />

sxvadasxvagvari, magram mainc demokratiuli. cxadia, rom<br />

demokratiis ekonomikur sferoSi gadataniT misTvis raime<br />

axali Sinaarsis miniWeba SeuZlebelia. maS, raRa gvrCeba<br />

demokratiisgan? es rom davadginoT, igiveobaTa mTeli<br />

rigi unda ganvixiloT.<br />

demokratiisTvis arsebiTia is sakiTxi, rom miRebuli<br />

gadawyvetilebebi mniSvnelovania mxolod gadawyvetilebis<br />

mimRebTaTvis. is, rom amiT unda ugulebelvyoT<br />

umciresoba (vinc umravlesobas xmebi dauTmo), siZneleebs<br />

qmnis mxolod Teoriulad da mxolod erTi SexedviT. aq safuZvels<br />

qmnis demokratizmis logikidan gamomdinare igiveobebi<br />

_ arsebiTad demokratiuli argumentacia, rom neba<br />

umciresobisa, sinamdvileSi, emTxveva umravlesobis nebas.<br />

vinaidan kanoni gamoxatavs sayovelTao nebas, demokratiis<br />

pirobebSi, moqalaqe sakuTari nebis sawinaaRmdegod miRebul<br />

kanonsac eTanxmeba; anu moqalaqe, Tundac ar aRiarebdes<br />

konkretul Sinaarss, abstraqtulad mainc aRiarebs<br />

sayovelTao nebis gamomxatvel arCevnebis Sedegebs. xolo<br />

arCevnebSi monawileobs imis gamo, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes<br />

xmebis daTvla, ris meoxebiTac es sayovelTao neba gacxaddeba.<br />

Tu Sedegebi ar emTxveva calkeuli adamianis arCevans,<br />

maSin misTvis naTelia, rom sayovelTao nebis Sefasebisas<br />

Semcdara _ rac me megona, Turme, is sulac ar yofila sayovelTao<br />

neba. vinaidan sayovelTao neba Seesabameba WeSmarit<br />

Tavisuflebas, gamodis, rom vinc umravlesobasTan waago,<br />

igi ar yofila Tavisufali. am iakobinuri logikis Tanaxmad,<br />

SegviZlia gavamarTloT umciresobis umravlesobaze batonoba,<br />

Tanac, demokratiis moSveliebiT. amave dros, SegviZlia<br />

SevinarCunoT demokratiuli principis mTavari ZarRvi,<br />

kerZod, kanonisa da xalxis nebis igiveobis damkvidreba.<br />

Tu saxelmwifos yvela moqalaqis neba ar aris absoluturad<br />

erTsulovani, maSin abstraqtuli logikisTvis aravi-<br />

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Tari mniSvneloba ara aqvs, rasTan gaaigiveben xalxis nebas<br />

_ umravlesobisa Tu umciresobis nebasTan.<br />

marTalia, qarTuli demokratizmis istoria mxolod<br />

1990 wlidan daiwyo, magram qarTveli `sulerTia~ amomrCevlebis<br />

yuri swrafad mieCvia gamoTqmas `Cven xelisufleba-<br />

Si varT~. es sityvaTSeTanxmeba orTografiuli da vokaluri<br />

TvalsazrisiT isedac tyupiscaliviT hgavda gamoTqmas<br />

`Cven xelisufleba varT~, xolo 2004 wlis bolosTvis mas<br />

Sinaarsobrivadac Seerwya. metic, ultraTanamedrove politikuri<br />

teqnologiebis wyalobiT, sabediswero `Cven<br />

xelisufleba~, `Cven erTi gundi varT~, amomrCevelTa<br />

cnobierebaSi gaigivda `saxelmwifosTan~. anu, roca vinme<br />

ubiri `naci~ warmoTqvamda sityvas `Cven~, igi gulisxmobda<br />

ara marto saxelisuflo gunds, an mTlianad, xelisuflebas,<br />

aramed saqarTvelos saxelmwifos.<br />

es magiuri `Cven~, anu partia-saxelmwifo, nacionaluri<br />

moZraoba, igive xelisufleba, igive umravlesoba, igive Cveni<br />

gundi, xmebis absoluturi umravlesobiT avirCieT Cven _<br />

upirovno masam. amitom yvelaferi, rasac `Cven~ Caidens, savsebiT<br />

samarTliania, Cveni nebis gamoxatulebaa da keTdeba<br />

saxelmwifos sakeTildReod. aseT SemTxvevaSi, ver vityviT,<br />

rom saqarTvelos xelisuflebam cixeebSi gausamarTleblad<br />

gamoketa aTi aTasobiT adamiani. es aTi aTasobiT adamiani,<br />

romelic aris `erTi gundis~, `Cvenis~ nawili, saerTo<br />

keTildReobisTvis cixeSi Camjdara nebayoflobiT!<br />

aseTi logikiT SesaZlebelia xelisuflebis nebismieri<br />

danaSaulebrivi qmedebis, maT Soris, demokratiuli principebis<br />

uaryofis, eTnikur umciresobaTa an gansxvavebuli<br />

azris matarebelTa masobrivi xocva-Jletis, diqtaturis<br />

damyarebisken swrafvis gamarTleba.<br />

istoriaSi cnobili uklebliv yvela revoluciuri xelisufleba,<br />

upirveles yovlisa, pirovnuli, moazrovne<br />

`Cvenis~, anu xalxisa da `Cven xelisuflebis~ gaigivebas<br />

cdilobs. sazogadoeba, rogorc wesi, Tavidan am mcdelobas<br />

yuradRebas ar aqcevs; mere Segnebulad ugulebelyofs<br />

(pasuxismgeblobidan Tavis daZvrenis mizniT); mere ki moqmedebs<br />

yovlad Cveulebrivi SiSis sindromi da adamianuri<br />

vnebebi _ vinZlo uzarmazari muqTi xaWapuridan cota mec<br />

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mergos! sabolood, rogorc gardauval Sedegs, viRebT demokratiis<br />

mantiiT uxeSad SeniRbuli mmarTvelobis usastikes<br />

totalitarul reJims. amitom Jurnalistikis upirvelesi<br />

valia, adamianebs gaagebinos, rom Cven, amomrCeveli<br />

da `Cven~ xelisufleba sulac ar aris identuri cnebebi.<br />

piriqiT, maTi gaigiveba, amis mcdelobac ki, sazogadoebas,<br />

saxelmwifos udides gansacdels umzadebs.<br />

roca farTo saarCevno uflebebs iRebs uamravi adamiani,<br />

es saxelmwifosa da xalxis igiveobis damkvidrebisken<br />

swrafvis niSania. mas safuZvlad udevs garkveuli winapirobebi,<br />

romelTa gamo igiveobebi realobad aRiqmeba. es<br />

sulac ar vnebs im ZiriTad ideas, rom logikurad yvela<br />

demokratiuli argumenti igiveobaTa wyebas efuZneba. aq<br />

Sedis mmarTvelTa da marTulTa, batonTa da qveSevrdom-<br />

Ta igiveoba; saxelmwifoebrivi avtoritetis subieqtisa<br />

da obieqtis igiveoba; xalxisa da parlamentSi misi warmomadgenlobis<br />

igiveoba; saxelmwifosa da kanonis igiveoba;<br />

sabolood, raodenobrivisa (ricxobrivi umravlesobis an<br />

erTsulovnebis) da xarisxobrivis (kanonis sisworis) igiveoba.<br />

saubari exeba ara iuridiulad, politikurad an sociologiurad<br />

sinamdvileSi arsebul raRac erTianobas,<br />

aramed _ gaigivebas. saarCevno uflebebis gafarToeba,<br />

saarCevno periodebis Semcireba, referendumebis Catareba,<br />

mokled, yvelaferi, rac demokratiaze migvaniSnebs,<br />

gamsWvalulia igiveobebiT, Tumca, ar arsebobs absoluturi,<br />

uSualo, realurad arsebuli igiveoba. realur<br />

erTgvarovnebasa (erTnairobasa) da gaigivebis Sedegs Soris<br />

mudam rCeba raRac manZili. anu, sulac ar aris savaldebulo,<br />

rom milionobiT adamianis mier gamoxatuli<br />

neba emTxveodes calkeuli individisas. yvelaferi imazea<br />

damokidebuli, rogor iqmneba TviTon es neba. xalxis<br />

nebis Taobaze uZvelesi moZRvrebis dialeqtika dRemde<br />

sakamaToa. xalxis WeSmarit nebas, SesaZloa, umciresobis<br />

neba gamoxatavdes, xalxi SeiZleba motyuvdes. sazogadoebriv<br />

cnobierebaze propagandiTa da politikuri manipulaciebiT<br />

zemoqmedebis teqnikac didi xania, cnobilia.<br />

Tavisuflebisa da demokratizmis urTierTmimarTebebze<br />

Tanamedrove samarTlis filosofiaSi mosazrebebi uamra-<br />

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via. sulac ar aris savaldebulo, romelime erTs daveTanxmoT<br />

da danarCeni uarvyoT, an avdgeT da yvela mosazrebas<br />

ukritikod daveTanxmoT. Cemi azriT, mTavaria, vicodeT<br />

aseTi Teoriebis arseboba da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, amovirCioT<br />

isini, romlebic Cvens sinamdviles yvelaze metad<br />

miesadageba. Secdomisac nu SegveSindeba, vinaidan Tqvens<br />

(Cvens!) Secdomas aucileblad gamouCndeba `patroni~, romelic<br />

mwared gagvakritikebs da TviTonac aucileblad<br />

Secdeba, rac Tavis mxriv, axal oponents gaaCens. ase nabijnabij<br />

mivuaxlovdebiT WeSmaritebas. vimeoreb _ mxolod<br />

mivuaxlovdebiT!<br />

yovel SemTxvevaSi, vinc Tavisuflebaze, demokratiaze,<br />

xalxis nebaze laparakobs (diasaxlisebi, umuSevrebi, politikosebi)<br />

da vinc wers (politologebi, `weras atanili~<br />

usaqmurebi, Jurnalistebi), am cnebebze zogadi warmodgena<br />

mainc unda hqondes. amas Cemi Tanamemamule kolega-Jurnalistebis<br />

sagulisxmod vambob.<br />

Cemi neba xalxis nebaa!<br />

davubrundeT xalxis nebas da mis gamomxatvelebs. Tu ar<br />

vcdebi, umciresobaze vsaubrobdiT. maS ase, savsebiT SesaZlebelia,<br />

Cemi, erTi adamianis azri ufro mniSvnelovani da<br />

sasargeblo iyos, zogadad, qveynis yvela moqalaqisTvis,<br />

ufro obieqturad gamoxatavdes moqalaqeTa umravlesobis<br />

nebas, vidre, vTqvaT, Tbilisis lilos, eliavas da gldanis<br />

bazrobebis uklebliv yvela myidvel-gamyidvelisa erTad.<br />

es ar gaxlavT ubralo sityvebiT TamaSi an sofisturi<br />

msjeloba _ `namdvili demokratebi~ Zalian xSirad aRmoCndebian<br />

xolme umciresobaSi _ parlamentSic da, rac<br />

kidev ufro tragikulia, parlaments gareTac. naTqvami<br />

rom ufro cxadi gaxdes, modi, isev saqarTvelos uaxles<br />

istorias davubrundeT.<br />

rogorc vTqvi, meoce saukunis miwurulidan mmarTveli<br />

partiis, moqalaqeTa kavSiris umciresobam daiwyo sazogadoebrivi<br />

azris `damuSaveba~, rom swored igi (umciresoba,<br />

anu `axalgazrda reformatorebi~) gamoxatavda xalxis ab-<br />

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soluturi umravlesobis nebas. man sakuTari neba gaaigiva<br />

xalxis nebasTan. metic, SeZlo, faqtobrivad, gaekontrolebina<br />

xalxis survilebic, ufro zustad, moxerxebulad<br />

emarTa isini. moxda zustad is, rac moxda kubaSi gasuli<br />

saukunis 50-iani wlebis bolos, roca arcTu mravalricxovanma<br />

SeiaraRebulma jgufma fidel kastros meTaurobiT<br />

daamxo prezident batistas xelisufleba da jer sabWoTa<br />

kavSiris, Semdeg ruseTis samxedro, ekonomikuri,<br />

politikuri mxardaWeriT naxevari saukunis ganmavlobaSi<br />

SeinarCuna Zalaufleba. `demokratma~ kastrom maSin dauyovnebliv<br />

gamoacxada sakuTari SeiaraRebuli razmi kubeli<br />

xalxis nebis erTaderT gamomxatvelad. movlenaTa<br />

aseT ganviTarebas yovelTvis mohyveba xolme swrafva diqtaturisken<br />

WeSmariti demokratiis saxeliT. es swrafva<br />

Zalian male gadaiqceva realobad _ guSindeli umciresoba<br />

moipovebs TiTqmis sayovelTao mxardaWeras da ukve<br />

umravlesobis saxeliT diqtaturas amyarebs. kidev ufro<br />

mokled da cxadad rom vTqva, demokratia ar gamoricxavs<br />

diqtaturas. aqac saqme gvaqvs gaigivebasTan, ufro zustad,<br />

im sakiTxis garkvevasTan, vis xelSi unda iyos xalxis<br />

nebis Camomyalibebeli saSualebebi: samxedro da politikuri<br />

Zalebi; propaganda; masmediis saSualebebiT sazogadoebriv<br />

azrze, partiul organizaciebze, ganaTlebis sistemaze,<br />

profkavSirebze kontroli...<br />

kidev erTxel, gTxovT, yuradReba miaqcioT, ra mniSvnelovani<br />

roli ekisreba masmedias xelisuflebis diqtaturisken<br />

mimaval gzaze.<br />

aRmsareblobis Tavisufleba<br />

saxelmwifos da religiis `samoqmedo zonebis~ gamijvna<br />

kacobriobis istoriaSi erT-erTi urTulesi sakiTxia.<br />

xan eklesia mZlavrobda saxelmwifoze, xan saxelmwifo _<br />

eklesiaze. mas Semdeg, rac napoleon bonapartem romis paps<br />

imperatoris gvirgvini gamostaca da Tavze sakuTari xeliT<br />

moirgo, iniciativa sabolood gadavida saxelmwifos<br />

mxares (albaT, Rirs gavixsenoT, rom napoleonis am gaxmau-<br />

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ebul Jestamde Svidi saukuniT adre, saero xelisuflebis<br />

gansamtkiceblad gatarebuli STambeWdavi RonisZiebebi<br />

mefe daviT aRmaSenebelma* ruis-urbnisis saeklesio<br />

krebiT daagvirgvina). Tumca, religiis roli da mniSvneloba<br />

amiT sulac ar dakninebula. TviT sabWoTa epoqaSic<br />

ki, 1918 wlis konstituciis Tanaxmad, eklesia gamoeyo saxelmwifos,<br />

gamocxadda rwmenis Tavisufleba, yovel moqalaqes<br />

mieca religiuri da aTeisturi propagandis ufleba.<br />

Tumca, konstituciaSi naTqvami iyo, rom morwmuneebs<br />

hqondaT rwmenis sruli Tavisufleba... `RvTismsaxurebis<br />

garkveuli religiuri wesebiT aRsrulebisa da kultis pirobebis<br />

Seqmnis gareSe~(!). ar SeiZleboda sakulto nagebobebis<br />

mSenebloba, religiis istoriisa da religiis flosofiis<br />

swavleba yvela donis skolebSi. saxelmwifo uars<br />

acxadebda RvTis msaxurTa socialur uzrunvelyofaze<br />

da sxva mravali. anu pirveli (da yvela momdevno) sabWoTa<br />

konstituciiT aRiarebuli aRmsareblobis Tavisufleba<br />

iyo farsi.<br />

komunisturi reJimisa da ideologiisgan gaTavisuflebuli<br />

saqarTvelos xelisuflebebi TxuTmet weliwadze<br />

meti xnis ganmavlobaSi moqmedebdnen lozungiT: `meti<br />

Tavisufleba qarTul marTlmadidebel eklesias!~ amave<br />

dros, marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan dades xelSekruleba<br />

(konkordiumi), romlis ZiriTadi mizani iyo am religiuri<br />

konfesiis sajaro samarTlis subieqtad gadaqceva<br />

da masze saxelisuflo kontrolis damyareba. amasTanave,<br />

misTvis gansakuTrebuli privilegiebis miniWeba sxva religiur<br />

konfesiebTan SedarebiT. moxda erTi religiuri<br />

konfesiis Tavisuflebis sazRvrebis xelovnuri gafar-<br />

Toeba sxva konfesiebis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis xarjze,<br />

rac religiur niadagze moqalaqeTa dapirispirebis winapirobaa.<br />

saqarTvelos xelisuflebam kuTvnili ki ar miuzRo<br />

saqarTvelos istoriis winaSe marTlac uzarmazari damsaxurebis<br />

mqone qarTul marTlmadidebel eklesias, aramed<br />

misi mosyidva da ZalauflebisTvis politikuri brZolebis<br />

oromtrialSi CaTreva scada. metic, marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis marTvis sistema qveynis politikuri mmarTvelo-<br />

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is sistemis Targze gadaiyvana, ramac, rogorc gardauvali<br />

Sedegi, TviTon eklesiis wiaRSi gaaCina mravali dapirispireba,<br />

rogorc pirovnul, ise msoflmxedvelobriv<br />

da ierarqiul doneebze: gaCnda axali e.w. `Cemi eklesiebi~,<br />

`Cemi eparqiebi~, Seurigebeli Teologiuri Tvalsazrisebi,<br />

revizionistuli mimdinareobebi da a. S.<br />

vidre marTlmadidebeli eklesia Tavisuflebas zeimobda,<br />

mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT axali mcire, didi<br />

Tu grandiozuli masStabis taZrebisa da rezidenciebis<br />

mSeneblobebiT, axal-axali wmindanebisa da saocrebebis<br />

aRmoCenebiT gvatkbobda, qveyanaSi uamravi Zveli da axali,<br />

Sinauri da ucxouri seqta gaaqtiurda... amas zed daerTo<br />

saxelgatexil da sindisgarecxil Cinovnik-funqcioner-<br />

Ta xatebis win sajaro seriuli keklucobani; sasuliero<br />

kadrebis gaaxalgazrdavebis yovlad ucnauri da gaugebari<br />

procesebi; orTodoqs marTlmadidebelTa religiurpolitikuri<br />

jgufebis Seqmna; saswavleblebSi marTlmadideblobis,<br />

rogorc sagnis swavlebisa da sasuliero pirebis<br />

Seyvanis mcdelobebi; uvicTa da vigindaraTa xeliT<br />

da WkuiT Seqmnili `religiuri~ Jurnal-gazeTebis gamocema...<br />

sabolood, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTulma marTlmadidebelma<br />

eklesiam realuri Tavisuflebis nacvlad xelisuflebisgan<br />

miiRo privilegiebi, xolo xelisuflebam<br />

madlieri eklesiisgan _ politikuri mxardaWeris Cumi<br />

dasturi.<br />

religiuri Seferilobis skandalur istoriebs Tu ar<br />

gaviTvaliswinebT, qarTuli Jurnalistika, gansakuTrebiT,<br />

telearxebi, qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis TavisuflebiT,<br />

saerTod, religiuri problemebiT seriozulad<br />

arc maSin da arc mere ar dainteresebulan. gulSematkivrul,<br />

saqmis codniT gakeTebul gadacemebs da statiebs<br />

vgulisxmob.<br />

Tumca, albaT, qarTuli Jurnalistikisgan metismets<br />

moviTxov _ mas xom `gonebrivi Seteva~ maSinac ki ar wamouwyia,<br />

roca prezidentis miTiTebiT Tbilisis `respublikis<br />

moednidan~ daviT aRmaSeneblis Zegli gareubanSi<br />

gadaitanes, mis adgilas 2003 wlis `revoluciis~ simbolos<br />

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dadgma gadawyvites, xolo TviTon moedans saxeli gadaarqves<br />

da `vardebis revoluciis moedani~ uwodes. es problema<br />

xom religiurTan SedarebiT ganuzomlad martivi<br />

iyo. qarTulma Jurnalistikam suverenis nebis winaaRmdeg<br />

wasvla ver gabeda, an saWirod ar CaTvala, an kompetencia<br />

ar eyo, an _ yvelaferi erTad. Tavs ar vimarTleb _ mec<br />

im mxdalebSi, miuxvedrelebsa da arakompetenturebSi vwerivar,<br />

radgan, albaT, cda davakeli da Tanamoqalaqeebs<br />

kargad ver vuTxari, ras uqadda xelisuflebis zRvardaudebeli<br />

Tavxedoba.<br />

saerTod, postkomunistur sivrceSi religiis Tavisuflebaze<br />

saubari saWiro da sasargeblo mgonia. mxolod<br />

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu amiT Jurnalistebis garda filosofosebi,<br />

Teologebi, sasuliero moRvaweebi da maRali rangis<br />

Cinovnikebic dainteresdebian.<br />

Jurnalistika WaobSi<br />

pasuxgaucemeli kiTxva XXI saukunis damdegs gacilebiT<br />

meti dagrovda, vidre platonis, aristoteles an aRorZinebis<br />

epoqaSi. amis miuxedavad, cxovreba grZeldeba: saxelmwifoebi<br />

qrebian da iqmnebian; ar wydeba omebi da revoluciebi<br />

_ arc iaraRiT, narkotikebiT da adamianebiT vaWroba;<br />

adamianebi isev Cagraven erTmaneTs, isev Ralatoben,<br />

isev cruoben, isev ocneboben Zalauflebaze da idealur<br />

saxelmwifo wyobilebaze; isev uyvarT da isev sZulT; isev<br />

weren filosofiur traqtatebs, elegiebs da sasiyvarulo<br />

baraTebs. ase iqneba kacobriobis istoriis dasasrulamde.<br />

es ki niSnavs, rom momavalSic, usasrulod didi xnis<br />

ganmavlobaSi gagrZeldeba kamaTi adamianebis WeSmarit<br />

uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebze, am mimarTebiT saxelmwifos,<br />

samarTlis, kanonis rolsa da daniSnulebaze.<br />

demokratiuli principebis ugulebelyofis naTeli magaliTi<br />

iyo rusuli bolSevizmi, Tumca, misi Teoriuli argumentacia<br />

ar scdeboda demokratiis CarCoebs da politikuri<br />

demokratiiis borotad gamoyenebis mizniT, warmatebiT<br />

iyenebda Tanamedrove kritikas da gamocdilebas: is,<br />

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ac dRes dasavleTevropuli saxelmwifoebis kulturaze<br />

demokratiis saxeliT batonobs, kapitalis ekonomikuri<br />

batonobis fasadia da sxva araferi. pirvelad kacobriobis<br />

istoriaSi mxolod komunizms SeuZlia moitanos WeSmariti<br />

demokratia.<br />

Tu davukvirdebiT, demokratiis bolSevikebiseuli<br />

argumentacia didad ar gansxvavdeba iakobinurisgan da<br />

orive erTad _ XXI saukunis damdegis qarTul-nacionalurisgan.<br />

Tumca, vmsjelob prezident saakaSvilis xelisuflebis<br />

mxolod moqmedebidan gamomdinare, radgan<br />

mas sakuTari qmedebebis gasamarTleblad raime Teoriuli<br />

werilobiTi dokumenti ar Seuqmnia. Tavis mxriv,<br />

sainteresoa demokratiisadmi roialistebis (`kontrrevolucionerebis~)<br />

zizRiani damokidebulebac: `dRes<br />

gabatonebuli sazogadoebrivi azri ise suleluria, rom<br />

Tu sworad daamuSaveb, uars sakuTar Zalauflebazec ki<br />

aTqmevineb. marTalia, es niSnavs, rom sulelisgan Wkvianuri<br />

saqcieli moiTxovo, magram isic xom ar SeiZleba, mudam<br />

poulobde sulelur motivebs im qmedebebisTvis, rac<br />

srulebiT ar aris suleluri..~<br />

gvinda Tu ara, es simpaTiuri msjeloba Tavisuflebademokratiaze<br />

uTuod migviyvans xelisuflebis legimitaciis,<br />

parlamentarizmis, mmarTvelobis sxva sistemebis<br />

Zalian aqtualur, saintereso da usasrulod bevr problemamde,<br />

rac, bunebrivia, ver eteva Cveni `<strong>saubrebi</strong>s~ interesebSi.<br />

Cvens uganaTlebules saukuneSic ar wydeba gonebaTa<br />

Widili `ubralo~ sakiTxis gasarkvevad _ sad veZeboT<br />

Tavisuflebis arsi, CemSi (adamianis arsebaSi), Tu Cems<br />

gareT (saxelmwifo mowyobaSi). isic problematuria,<br />

uzrunvelyofda Tu ara adamianis politikur uflebebsa<br />

da Tavisuflebebs Tundac idealuri samarTali,<br />

Tu ki misi Seqmna saerTod, SesaZlebelia.<br />

Tu mogeCvenebaT, rom msjelobisas metismetad xSirad<br />

viSvelieb magaliTebs saqarTvelos istoriidan, gTxovT,<br />

didsulovnad momitevoT _ ungreli an kolumbieli rom<br />

viyo, ungrul an kolumbiur magaliTebs moviSveliebdi<br />

(icocxleT, problemebi iqac Tavze sayrelia). saqarTvelo<br />

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sulac ar aris erTaderTi da ganumeorebeli. gza, romelsac<br />

igi daadga, odesRac ukve bevrma CvenTvis sanimuSo qveyanam<br />

ganvlo. am gzaze msoflios bevri qveyana dResac mijaxirobs<br />

_ zogi win migviZRvis, zogic ukan mogvCanCalebs.<br />

albaT, mkrexeloba iqneba imis mtkiceba, rom XXI saukunis<br />

damdegis saqarTvelos mmarTvelobis reJimi yvelaze<br />

Savbneli, xolo qarTuli Jurnalistika yvelaze uunaro<br />

da uufleboa dedamiwis zurgze. ase, ra Tqma unda, ar aris<br />

da amis dasturia Tundac is faqti, rom Tqven Cems am mosazrebebs<br />

ecnobiT. Tumca, arc pirovnuli, arc politikuri,<br />

arc ekonomikuri Tavisufleba ubrZolvelad ar moipoveba.<br />

am brZolaSi ki Zalian seriozuli, Zalian sapatio da<br />

Zalian sapasuxismgeblo misia swored Jurnalistikas akisria.<br />

imJamindeli qarTuli Jurnalistika am misias, rbilad<br />

rom vTqva, cudad asrulebda. amas bevri mizezi hqonda,<br />

ris Taobaze ukve mogaxseneT da, Tu nebas momcemT, kidev<br />

erTxel gavimeoreb: qveynis umZimesi ekonomikuri mdgomareoba;<br />

sazogadoebis metismeti politizacia; Zlieri komunisturi<br />

inercia; xelisuflebis swrafva absoluturi<br />

Zalauflebisken da Tavisufali masmediis arsebobiT misi<br />

dauinteresebloba; gamoucdeloba; srulfasovani profesiuli<br />

Jurnalisturi kadrebis ukiduresi simwire; Jurnalisturi<br />

skolis faqtobrivi ararseboba; biznes wreebis<br />

mxridan masmediis ugulebelyofa; akademiuri wreebis<br />

aSkarad mogonili neitraliteti (sinamdvileSi _ xelisuflebisadmi<br />

SiSi), gare Zalebis Carevebi...<br />

am da kidev sxva mravali didi da mcire obieqturi da<br />

subieqturi mizezis gamo, ocdameerTe saukunis damdegis<br />

saqarTveloSi miviReT Jurnalistikis surogati, romelic,<br />

faqtobrivad, veraviTar (sagrZnob) zegavlenas<br />

ver axdenda verc xelisuflebaze, verc sazogadoebriv<br />

cnobierebaze, verc movlenaTa ganviTarebaze. man dakarga<br />

umTavresi funqcia sazogadoebrivi azris warmmarTvelisa<br />

da brbos iaffasiani moTxovnebis donemde daeSva.<br />

qarTuli Jurnal-gazeTebis udidesi umravlesoba, wminda<br />

profesiuli TvalsazrisiT, Rrma provincializmis WaobSi<br />

yelamde Caeflo. saRi analizis, e. w. konstruqciuli kritikis<br />

adgili uazro qilikma, axladgamoCekili qarTuli<br />

316

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omondis pikanturma istoriebma da xelisuflebis TavzexelaRebulma<br />

lanZRva-ginebam daikava. sabolood, am periodis<br />

qarTul JurnalistikaSi Seiqmna is viTareba, rac<br />

mxolod SeiZleboda enatra demokratiiT SeniRbul, absoluturi<br />

Zalauflebisken mimaval xelisuflebas.<br />

is, rom amaSi axali araferia da, Tundac, meoce saukunis<br />

msoflio istorias uaresic axsovs, didi veraferi nuge-<br />

Sia. avadmyofma qarTulma Jurnalistikam, imis garda, rom<br />

sakuTar funqcias ver asrulebda da qveynis demokratizaciis,<br />

zogadad, qveynis winsvla-aRmSeneblobis procesSi<br />

ver monawileobda, Tavisi iZulebiTi umoqmedobiT uaRresad<br />

negatiuri gavlena iqonia mTlianad sazogadoebriv<br />

cnobierebaze, daamkvidra saSiSi stereotipi _ `albaT<br />

asea saWiro~, `mainc araferi Seicvleba~.<br />

istoriis ganviTarebis logikidan gamomdinare, amgvari<br />

viTarebis xangrZlivi droiT SenarCuneba (Tundac, 15-20<br />

wliT) SeuZlebelia. SeuZlebelia revoluciuri cvlilebebiT<br />

problemebis gadawyvetac _ kidev erTxel ramdenime<br />

aTeuli wliT ukan dabrunebis perspeqtiva. rCeboda<br />

ori imedi _ qarTul inteleqtualur sazogadoebaSi Si-<br />

Sis Zleva (sindisis karnaxiT gmiruli qmedebebisken miswrafeba);<br />

da e. w. megobari qveynebis (pirvel rigSi, aSS, germania,<br />

ruseTi..) daxmareba, Tu am qveynebSi miaCndaT, rom<br />

saqarTvelo iyo msoflio civilizaciis nawili da qarTvel<br />

xalxs imaze meti inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebi<br />

hqonda, vidre es provinciuli sastumroebis mosamsaxure<br />

personals sWirdeba.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, qarTveli xalxisadmi `megobrebis~ daxmareba<br />

iyo maTi moraluri valdebulebac, radgan qarTvel<br />

xalxs swored maT moaxvies Tavs `vardebis revolucia~<br />

da auxdines bibliuri winaswarmetyveleba: `sardlebad<br />

biW-buWebs davudgen da qarafSutebi ibatoneben maTze.<br />

daiTrguneba xalxi, kaci kacs daCagravs, moyvasi moyvass,<br />

bavSvi gaumedidurdeba moxucs, uRirsi _ pativdebuls~<br />

(esaia, T. 2. 4-5).<br />

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Tavi XII<br />

politika da Jurnalistika<br />

`me politikosi var!~ _ Cemda samarcxvinod, ar maxsovs,<br />

msgavsi ram sajarod ganecxadebinos msoflio politikaSi<br />

aRiarebul iseT avtoritetebs, rogorebic iyvnen Sarlmorisi<br />

taleirani, uinston CerCili, Sarl de goli, franklin<br />

ruzvelti*, jon adamsi, oto fon bismarki*, jorj va-<br />

Singtoni, ioseb stalini, henri kisinjeri*, jeims beikeri*,<br />

helmut koli*, hans-ditrix genSeri* da mravali sxva. aRarafers<br />

vambob dResac Tbilisis krwanisis rezidenciaSi<br />

mcxovreb eduard SevardnaZeze _ meore qarTvelze (stalinis<br />

Semdeg), vinc meoce saukuneSi uSualod monawileobda<br />

axali msoflio wesrigis damyarebaSi.<br />

msoflio politikaSi moRvawe aq CamoTvlilma da kidev<br />

uamravma uniWieresma adamianma, savaraudod, SesaniSnavad<br />

icoda da icis sakuTari Tavis fasi. arc sakuTari naRvawis<br />

Sefaseba-warmoCenaze ambobs uars (amaze metyvelebs,<br />

Tundac, umdidresi memuaruli literatura), magram mainc<br />

yvela erTsulovnad erideba gancxadebas _ `me politikosi<br />

var!~<br />

es imis brali unda iyos, rom politika adamianTa moRvaweobis<br />

urTulesi sfero da xSirad, umaduri saqmea _<br />

Sens mier patiosnad da rudunebiT nakeTebi keTili saqme<br />

iqneb mravali aTeuli wlis Semdeg dafasdes, an ar dafasdes<br />

arasodes. politikosoba rTulic aris, sapatioc, Tavis<br />

gamoCenis da istoriaSi Sesvlis saSualebasac iZleva,<br />

magram sakuTari avtoritetisTvis did safrTxes Seicavs<br />

da Tavganwirvasac moiTxovs. is, vinc am ambiciur gancxadebas<br />

gaakeTebs, faqtobrivad, kargavs Secdomis uflebas.<br />

politika ki, sxva mravalTan erTad, Secdomebis aRiarebis<br />

da gamosworebis xelovnebacaa.<br />

axla CamogiTvliT gvarebs, romlebic Cvens STamomavlobas<br />

arc rameze daafiqrebs da arc rames gaaxsenebs: arvelaZe,<br />

bokeria, beqauri, begaSvili, baqraZe, baRaTuria,<br />

kalandaZe, kirkitaZe, gvaramia, samyuraSvili, nadiraZe,<br />

gogoriSvili, gugava, SatberaSvili, TargamaZe... am adami-<br />

318

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anebs maRali tribunebidan xSirad uTqvamT fraza _ `me<br />

politikosi var~. msoflio politikas rom Tavi davaneboT,<br />

isini verasodes ver daimkvidreben adgils saqarTvelos<br />

politikur istoriaSic ki, radgan maT, saeWvoa, icodnen,<br />

ra aris politika. kacma rom Tqvas, arc SeiZleba icodnen,<br />

radgan aq CamoTvlili da XXI saukunis dasawyisis qarTul<br />

politikaSi `moRvawe~ sxva adamianTa umravlesobas saku-<br />

Tari moRvaweobis asparezad arCeuli sferos Sesaswavlad<br />

da gasacnobiereblad arc dro hqonia da arc gonebrivi SesaZleblobebi.<br />

mTavari ubedureba ki is aris, rom am adamianebs<br />

`politikosebad~ aRiarebs sazogadoebis mniSvnelovani<br />

nawili, maT Soris, bevri Jurnalistic.<br />

mainc, ras niSnavs es avbediTi politika?<br />

politikuri sociologiis erT-erTi fuZemdeblis, maqs<br />

veberis azriT, am cnebas Zalian farTo gageba aqvs da gulisxmobs<br />

damoukidebeli marTvis TiTqmis yvela saxeobas<br />

_ bankebis savaluto politikidan dawyebuli, Wkviani colis<br />

mier niWieri qmris marTvis politikiT damTavrebuli.<br />

tradiciuli da farTo gagebiT, politika niSnavs politikuri<br />

kavSiris (saxelmwifos) marTvaze zegavlenas<br />

an uSualod marTvas.<br />

politika niSnavs agreTve xelisuflebaSi monawileobisken<br />

an Zalauflebis ganawilebisken swrafvas saxelmwifos<br />

SigniT an saxelmwifoTa Soris.<br />

samwuxarod, saqme ise ubralod ar aris, rom politikaze<br />

saubari amiT dagvemTavrebina.<br />

vinaidan politika saxelmwifos Sida da saxelmwifoTa<br />

Soris urTierTobebis marTvas, an masze zegavlenas gulisxmobs,<br />

jer TviTon saxelmwifos ganmarteba vcadoT.<br />

maqs veberis ganmartebiT, saxelmwifo aris adamianTa<br />

erToba, romelsac aqvs nebadarTul (legitimur) fizikur<br />

iZulebaze monopoliis safuZvliani pretenzia.<br />

saxelmwifoSi arsebul yvela kavSirs an calkeul pirs<br />

(individs) eZleva im zomis fizikuri iZulebis ufleba,<br />

ra zomiTac amis nebas miscems saxelmwifo. naTqvami gulisxmobs,<br />

rom iZulebis erTaderTi wyaro aris saxelmwifo.<br />

sakmaod mZime suraTia, magram, rogorc `arapolitiko-<br />

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si~ uinston CerCili ityoda, samwuxarod, ukeTesi ram kacobriobas<br />

jer ar mougonia.<br />

politikaSi, rogorc wesi, sxvadasxva mizniT monawileoben.<br />

ufro zustad, sxvadasxva adamiani Zalauflebas<br />

sxvadasxva mizniT eltvis. erTisTvis Zalauflebis mopovebis<br />

mizani aris sxvebze batonobis SesaZlebloba, sxvebisTvis<br />

_ `Zalaufleba ZalauflebisTvis~, anu ZalauflebiT<br />

miniWebuli upiratesobis grZnobiT tkboba. arc erTi da<br />

arc meore, bunebrivia, ar gamoricxavs saqmis maRal doneze<br />

keTebis SesaZleblobas, iseve, rogorc ar gamoricxavs<br />

saqmisadmi arakeTilsindisier damokidebulebas.<br />

politikaSi moRvaweoba, SesaZlebelia, iyos SemTxvevi-<br />

Ti, rogorc `damxmare~ saqmianoba da ZiriTadi, anu profesiuli<br />

saqmianoba.<br />

`SemTxveviTi~ politikosia yvela, vinc monawileobs<br />

arCevnebSi, politikur aqciebSi, taSs ukravs mitingze, sakuTar<br />

politikur mosazrebebs gamoTqvams sajaro skolis<br />

sameurveo sabWos sxdomaze, an, Tundac, cixis sakanSi. mokled,<br />

`SemTxveviTi~ politikosia kacobriobis zrdasruli<br />

mosaxleobis umravlesoba.<br />

`profesionalebs~ SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT yvela, vinc politikuri<br />

saqmianobisTvis oficialurad xelfass iRebs.<br />

am kampaniaSi sruliad gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravT<br />

Jurnalistebs. isini ar arian profesionalebi, magram sakuTari<br />

saqmianobis specifikidan gamomdinare, aqtiurad<br />

monawileoben politikur procesebSi. rac mTavaria, seriozuli<br />

Jurnalistika mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens am<br />

procesebze. amitomac uwodeben mas meoTxe xelisuflebas.<br />

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom `sxvis saqmeSi cxviris Cayofis~<br />

gamo mTel msoflioSi Jurnalistebs xocaven kidec,<br />

Jurnalistikis da Jurnalistebis zegavlena politikur<br />

cxovrebaze Zalian seriozuli unda iyos.<br />

yvela WkuaTmyofelma politikosma SesaniSnavad icis,<br />

rom Jurnalistika aris umTavresi da efeqturi saSualeba<br />

adamianTa cnobierebaze zemoqmedebisTvis. amitom isini Zalian<br />

ufrTxildebian JurnalistebTan sakuTar damokidebulebas<br />

da sworadac iqcevian. Tumca, Jurnalistikis ybadaRebuli<br />

damoukideblobisa da Tavisuflebis miuxeda-<br />

320

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vad, politikur wreebs, partiebs, calkeul politikosebs<br />

xSirad meti gavlena aqvT masmediaze, vidre masmedias _<br />

politikaze. gansakuTrebiT, es TvalSi sacemia e. w. `mesame<br />

samyaroSi~, romelsac, samwuxarod, XXI saukunis dasawyisis<br />

saqarTveloc miekuTvneba. ra gaewyoba, vinc fuls ixdis,<br />

musikasac is ukveTavs. Jurnalistebma ki SegviZlia Tavi<br />

movityuoT, rom es zegavlena ar aris calmxrivi.<br />

politika rom profesiad gaixado, amisTvis, ZiriTadad,<br />

ori motivacia arsebobs:<br />

1. icxovro politikiT, anu politikuri moRvaweoba<br />

cxovrebis wesad, sulier mowodebad aRiaro;<br />

2. icxovro politikis xarjze.<br />

msoflio istoriaSi `politikiT cxovrebis~ magali-<br />

Tebi uricxvia-meTqi, ver getyviT, magram sakmaod bevria.<br />

sanimuSod, albaT, abraam linkolnis*, benJamin dizraelis*,<br />

jorj vaSingtonis, Sarl de golis, ilia WavWavaZis,<br />

dimitri yifianis*, grigol lorTqifaniZis*, uinston Cer-<br />

Cilis, margaret tetCeris, mahaTma gandis* da sxvaTa saxelebic<br />

sakmarisia. igives ver vityvi yvela droisa da yvela<br />

qveynis erT-erT ugamoCinebules politikosze, perigor<br />

taleiranze an istoriaSi udidesi da uZlieresi imperiis<br />

Semqmnel ioseb stalinze. sulier mowodebasTan erTad,<br />

erTisTvis politika uzarmazari qonebis dagrovebis sa-<br />

Sualeba iyo, meorisTvis _ ganusazRvreli ZalauflebiT<br />

Trobis wyaro. msoflio politikur sarbielze warmatebebis<br />

mosapoveblad erTi sakuTar gansakuTrebul alRos,<br />

gonebamaxvilobas, adamianis fsiqologiis da politikuri<br />

intrigebis filigranul codnas eyrdnoboda, meore ki yvelafer<br />

amasTan erTad _ sakuTar politikur usindisobas,<br />

sxvaTa adamianur sisustesa da uxeS Zalas.<br />

diax, SegviZlia daveTanxmoT Tomas hobss, maqs vebers,<br />

sxva did moazrovneebs da vaRiaroT, rom saxelmwifo aris<br />

adamianTa nebayoflobiTi urTierT SeTanxmebis safuZvelze<br />

agebuli Senoba, romelsac ganagebs arCeuli piri<br />

da rCeulTa krebuli (uxeSad rom vTqvaT, prezidenti da<br />

parlamenti Tavisi sammarTvelo, sasamarTlo, aRmasrulebeli<br />

da represiuli aparatebis meSveobiT). magram dRemde<br />

arsebuli msoflio gamocdileba imasac gvkarnaxobs, rom<br />

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idealurTan ki ara, sasurvelTan miaxloebuli saxelmwifo<br />

marTvis sistema kacobriobis istoriaSi jer ar arsebula<br />

_ rCeulebi (beladebi, monarqebi, diqtatorebi, prezidentebi,<br />

ojaxebi, klanebi, partiebi, sindikatebi) mudam<br />

poulobdnen absoluturi Zalauflebisken mimaval gzebs.<br />

imasac axerxebdnen, rom sakuTari mosaxleoba marTvis<br />

swored amgvari (magaliTad, totalitaruli) wesis sxvagvarTan<br />

(demokratiuli) upiratesobaSi daerwmunebinaT.<br />

an, ubralod, daerwmunebinaT, rom marTvis mocemuli wesi<br />

aris swored yvelaze demokratiuli.<br />

sityva `totalitaruli~, etyoba, gonebaSi SemTxveviT<br />

ar amotivtivebula. Tu ar vcdebi, XX saukunis 60-iani wlebis<br />

dasawyisSi, cnobilma filosofosma raimond aronma<br />

berklis (kalifornia) universitetSi gamosvlisas, ase-<br />

Ti ram brZana: `Cveni saukunis mTavari safrTxe, ra Tqma<br />

unda, aris totalitarizmi _ reJimi, sadac monopolisturi<br />

partiuli organizacia lamobs sakuTar Zalauflebas<br />

daumorCilos mTeli yofa da, amavdroulad, arsebobis<br />

ufleba waarTvas yvela sxva organizacias~.<br />

SegaxsenebT, rom XX saukunis 60-iani wlebis dasawyisi is<br />

periodia, roca nikita xruSCovis* `brZnuli xelmZRvanelobiT~<br />

dedamiwis TiTqmis naxevarze `srulad da sabolood~<br />

gamarjvebulad gamocxadebulia socializmi da iwyeba<br />

gamalebuli brZola oc weliwadSi nanatri komunizmis dasamkvidreblad!<br />

xalxi? is adamianebi, vinc Tavis droze `naTeli momavlisTvis~<br />

brZolaSi zRva sisxli daRvara? _ is xalxi _<br />

SeSinebuli, mSieri, motyuebuli, ufleba da sakuTrebawarTmeuli<br />

xalxi mquxare taSiT xvdeboda beladebis da<br />

partia-hegemonis uklebliv yvela uazro da kacTmoZule<br />

gadawyvetilebas, moiTxovda axal-axali `mtrebis~ mxilebas<br />

da sikvdiliT dasjas; partias, socialistur samSoblos,<br />

mSobliur beladebs leqsebs da simRerebs uZRvnida;<br />

RamiT mSieri kuWiT da damTrgunveli SiSiT iZinebda, raTa<br />

diliT, maRaroSi Tu mindorSi samuSaod, kvlav droSebis<br />

frialiT, marSebis grialiT da xelSi beladebis portretebiT<br />

wasuliyo...<br />

kidev erTxel gavixsenoT Cveni kargi nacnobi, inglise-<br />

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li mwerali jorj orueli. 1948 wels gamovida misi romani<br />

`1984~. romanSi gasaocari sizustiTaa aRwerili sabWoTa<br />

sinamdvile, sicruisa da daSinebis manqanis kbilanebSi moyolili<br />

adamianebis xvedri, TviT am daundobeli manqanis<br />

moqmedebis principi. es SemaZrwunebeli simarTle Zalian<br />

mniSvnelovania, magram, Cemi azriT, mTavari am romanSi<br />

mainc sxva ramea _ TandaTanobiT rogor eufleba adamianis<br />

sxeuls da gonebas yovlismomcveli partia-hegemoni<br />

da, sabolood, orives spobs. romanis orive mTavari gmiri,<br />

uinston smiti da o′braiani _ msxverpli da jalaTi, orive<br />

erTnairad ubeduria. visac sabWoTa reJimis TareSisas ucxovria,<br />

misTvis es ioli gasagebia.<br />

gTxovT, daimaxsovroT _ oruelma dagvanaxa, rogor<br />

eufleba totalitaruli saxelmwifo adamianis sxeuls da<br />

gonebas da ra tragedia mosdevs amas.<br />

es romani, iseve, rogorc mravali sxva mxatvruli nawarmoebi<br />

Tu mecnieruli gamokvleva, iyo mowodeba kacobriobisTvis<br />

_ adamianebo, ufrTxildiT totalitarizms!<br />

bunebrivia, es gafrTxileba axlandeli Taobis (XXI saukunis<br />

dasawyiss vgulisxmob) gasagonadac iyo naTqvami,<br />

gamgonma gaigo kidec (magaliTad, aRmosavleT evropisa da<br />

baltiispireTis qveynebis xalxebma), magram, rogorc Cans,<br />

am xmas saqarTveloSi yuri movuyrueT.<br />

Mme, ganviTarebuli socializmis epoqaSi nacxovrebi<br />

adamiani, XX saukunis miwuruls darwmunebuli viyavi, rom<br />

raimond aronis sifrTxile yovlad usafuZvlo Tu ara,<br />

metismetad gadaWarbebuli mainc iyo. vfiqrobdi, rom<br />

nebismieri politikuri Zala saqarTveloSi xelisuflebis<br />

uzurpacias veRar SesZlebda. Cven, qarTvelebi xom<br />

pirvelebi viyaviT, vinc socializmis nangrevebze „namdvili<br />

demokratiis’’ mSenebloba daviwyeT! oRond jer socializmis<br />

epoqaSi Cvenive xeliT da gonebiT Seqmnili Yyvela<br />

faseuloba nacartutad vaqcieT, yvela WaSi CavafurTxeT,<br />

yvela safrTxe daviviwyeT da Seneba ise daviwyeT.<br />

da davisajeT kidec. im ubralo mizezis gamo davisajeT,<br />

rom ar vicodiT, an ar gvindoda gvcodnoda, rogori saxelmwifo<br />

unda agveSenebina da rogor unda agveSenebina.<br />

naTqvami ar niSnavs, rom im epoqaSi gonieri saqarTvelo<br />

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aRar arsebobda, qveynis moWirnaxule adamianebi aRar arsebobdnen,<br />

qarTuli Jurnalistika ki sakuTari qveynis momavals<br />

prezident SevardnaZis administraciis tualetidan<br />

uyurebda _ ara, yvela da yvelaferi iyo, ubralod, xelisuflebaSi<br />

ar iyvnen gulmxurvale da gamWriaxi adamianebi.<br />

presaSic xSirad qveyndeboda iseTi Sinaarsis statiebi,<br />

axla rom SemogTavazebT. igi gazeT „dronSi` gamoqveynda<br />

2001 wlis 27 noembers, „vardebis revoluciamde` zustad<br />

ori wliT adre!<br />

statiaSi Sefasebulia imdroindel saqarTveloSi Seqmnili<br />

politikuri da socialuri viTareba da erTaderTi<br />

mokle winadadebiT mocemulia daskvnac _ „saqarTvelos<br />

mrisxane da daundobeli proletaruli revolucia uaxlovdeba!`<br />

gTxovT, yuradReba miaqcioT, rom statiaSi mocemuli<br />

yvela gansja sabolood mocemuli daskvnis dasabuTebas<br />

emsaxureba. es daskvna, SesaZloa, yofiliyo statiis dasawyisSi,<br />

SuaSi an, sulac, SesavalSi _ es, ubralod, gemovnebis<br />

saqmea. mTavaria, mtkicebulebaTa damajerebloba da<br />

statiis mkiTxvelze zemoqmedebis xarisxi, erTi sityviT _<br />

Jurnalistis ostatoba. Tu Sedegis mixedviT vimsjelebT,<br />

presaSi gamoqveynebulma am da bevrma sxva politikuri publicistikis<br />

Janris naSromebma mizans ver miaRwia: moxda<br />

is, risic eSinoda ganaTlebul da patiosan saqarTvelos<br />

_ saxelmwifo gadatrialeba, romelsac farisevlurad<br />

daerqva revolucia. amis erT-erTi mTavari mizezi SevardnaZis<br />

xelisuflebis mxridan mediis sruli ugulebelyofac<br />

iyo. sainteresoa, rom xelisuflebaSi misvlis Semdeg<br />

zustad am gzas daadga saakaSvilis „Cemi gundic~. amitom<br />

savsebiT kanonzomieri iqneba, rom igi adre Tu gvian winamorbedis<br />

xvedrs gaiziarebs.<br />

revolucia modis<br />

Zalian miyvars pirveloba. vamayob, rom pirvelma me gamovacale<br />

aguri umtkicesi komunisturi duRabiT nageb<br />

sabWoTa imperias _ samtrediaSi gadavukete rkinigza da<br />

ekonomikur blokadaSi movaqcie; pirvelma gamovacxade<br />

324

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damoukidebloba da avirCie pirveli prezidenti; pirvelma<br />

Sevyavi Tavi grdemlsa da uros Soris; pirvelma daviwye<br />

samoqalaqo omi da pirveli var, vinc igi ver davamTavre;<br />

pirveli var kacobriobis istoriaSi, visac Tavis sarCenad<br />

TveSi eqvsi dolari hyofnis; me var pirveli kavkasieli,<br />

vinc gaxda evropeli...<br />

kacobriobis winaSe sakuTari upiratesobis dasamtkiceblad<br />

kidec bevri argumentis moyvana SemiZlia. magaliTad,<br />

aseTis: me yvelaze damajereblad vcruob; yvelas<br />

gamorCeulad vuyvarvar; var yvelaze mimtevebeli qristiani;<br />

yvelaze didi mebrZoli (ieRovelTa da sxva antiqristeTa<br />

winaaRmdeg); yvelaze didi patrioti...<br />

magram mainc mTavari Cemi Rirseba gaxlavT is, rom yvelaze<br />

didi korufcioneri var!<br />

iqneb zogi ram baqiaobad CamiTvalon, magram amaSi aravin<br />

Semedaveba: marTlac yvelaze didi korufcioneri var.<br />

amas mTeli msofloo aRiarebs, TviT saqarTvelos xelisuflebac<br />

ki.<br />

amboben, rom korufcia cudia; rom sadac korufciaa,<br />

iq saxelmwifo ver aSendeba, oRond ar amboben, ra aris korufcia<br />

da sad aris korufcia.<br />

radgan me msoflioSi umamacesic var, getyviT xmamaRla:<br />

korufcia aris saxelmwifo moxeleTa organizebuli,<br />

sistematizebuli meqrTameoba. Sesabamisad, igi sufevs xelisuflebis,<br />

saxelmwifo mmarTvelobiTi sistemebis sxvadasxva<br />

eSelonSi.<br />

anu am grandiozul da uCinar urCxuls sul tyuilad<br />

eZebT ergneTis an eliavas bazrobebze, „dezertirebze`<br />

da „yazbegis~ ludxanebSi. igi unda eZeboT parlamentis,<br />

saxelmwifo kancelariis, ministrebisa da generlebis<br />

gakrialebul kabinetebSi. Tqven, Zvirfaso xarazebo, durglebo,<br />

xuroebo, zeinklebo, glexebo, policielebo, Jurnalistebo,<br />

mwerlebo, mecnierebo da parikmaxerebo, sul<br />

amaod ocnebobT, rom odesme korufcioneris sapatio wodebas<br />

moipovebT.<br />

korufcia ar aris samuSaoze gamoucxadebloba, davalebis<br />

Seusrulebloba, Semosavlebis malva, kerZo pirisgan<br />

zedmeti gasamrjelos gamoZalva, gaberili honorare-<br />

325

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is moTxovna da miReba, mzeTunaxav qalze ocneba da misi<br />

loginSi Cawvenac ki. korufcia aris is, rac ukve mogaxseneT<br />

_ Zalauflebis gamoyenebiT saxelmwifo an kerZo qonebis<br />

organizebuli dataceba. Zalauflebis gamoyenebiT! vinaidan<br />

korufcia mxolod Cinosani saxelmwifo moxeleebisa<br />

da mmarTvelobis saxelmwifo sistemebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli<br />

infeqciuri daavadebaa, mis winaaRmdeg brZola arsebuli<br />

kanonmdeblobiT da am kanonmdeblobaze morgebuli<br />

saxelmwifo makontrolebeli struqturebis meSveobiT<br />

SeuZlebelia. saqarTvelos prezidenti meqrTameoba-korufcias<br />

da sxva „mavne` tradiciebs uxsovari droidan, gasuli<br />

saukunis samociani wlebidan ebrZvis. icvlebodnen<br />

mTavrobebi, kanonebi, saxelmwifo wyobilebebi _ raikomis<br />

mdivan SevardnaZis, Sinagan saqmeTa ministr SevardnaZis,<br />

cekas mdivan SevardnaZis, prezident SevardnaZis Tavdadebulma<br />

antikorufciulma brZolam ki is Sedegi gamoiRo, rom<br />

korufciis masStabebi usazRvrod gaizarda da saxelmwifo<br />

mmarTvelobis sistemis uklebliv yvela rgoli moicva.<br />

aRmoCnda, rom kanonebis gasastikeba (avadsaxsenebeli<br />

96-e prima muxlis amoqmedeba da meqrTame-damtacebelTa<br />

sikvdiliT dasja), nairnairi reidebis da raundebis Catareba,<br />

lozungebi da mowodebebi, Tanamdebobis pirTa cvla,<br />

specialuri antikorufciuli komisiebis Seqmna, TviT sab-<br />

WoTa kavSiridan gasvla da damoukideblobis gamocxadebac<br />

ki mxolod sasurvelis sawinaaRmdego Sedegebs iZleva<br />

_ korufciis masStabebi izrdeba. yvelaferi es niSnavs,<br />

rom SevardnaZis epoqis saqarTveloSi am mimarTulebiT<br />

gadadgmuli yvela nabiji iyo Secdoma. ufro zustad, yvela<br />

es nabiji mimarTuli iyo korufciis, rogorc Sedegis<br />

winaaRmdeg. misi mizezebis Ziebaze ki Tavs didad arc im<br />

„uxsovar dros` iwuxebda vinme da, samwuxarod, arc axla<br />

iwuxebs. Ziebas arc hqonda azri _ korufciaze agebuli<br />

mmarTvelobis sabWoTa sistemis pirobebSi korufciis<br />

winaaRmdeg realuri brZola, ubralod, SeuZlebeli iyo.<br />

amas met-naklebad yvela droisa da yvela xalxis udidesi<br />

beladi, ioseb stalini axerxebda. rogor axerxebda, modi,<br />

amas nuRar gavixsenebT _ sadardo da sadavidarabo isedac<br />

bevri gvaqvs.<br />

326

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Tvali gavusworoT simarTles: rom ar arsebobdes grandiozuli<br />

korufcia, saqarTvelos ar eyoleboda xelisufleba<br />

_ arc aRmasrulebeli, arc sakanonmdeblo, arc<br />

sasamarTlo; ar eyoleboda policia da prokuratura, ar<br />

eyoleboda gamgeblebi da rwmunebulebi...<br />

marTalia, gulwrfelad ar gvinda korufcia, magram umisod<br />

arsebobac rom ar SegviZlia? postkomunisturi epoqis<br />

erTaderTi qarTveli Cinovniki, vinc gulaxdilad laparakobda<br />

„Tavis` uwyebaSi korufciis mZvinvarebaze, iyo<br />

Sinagan saqmeTa ministri kaxa TargamaZe.<br />

TiTqmis aravin (Jurnalistebis garda) ar laparakobda<br />

da ar laparakobs uSiSroebis saministros, sazRvris<br />

dacvis departamentis, prokuraturis, sasamarTlos, sabaJo<br />

da sagadasaxado samsaxurebis, kontrolis palatis,<br />

ministrebis, parlamentis wevrebis, „aparatCikebis` meqr-<br />

Tameobaze....<br />

saqarTveloSi Seqmnili viTareba arc axalia da arc ise<br />

tragikuli, rogorc es erTi SexedviT SeiZleba mogveCvenos<br />

_ msgavsi gza msoflios bevrma qveyanam gaiara an axla<br />

gadis. korufcia met-naklebi doziT msoflios TviT yvelaze<br />

demokratiul qveynebSic ki arsebobs. amave dros, am<br />

qveynebSi arsebobs korufciasTan brZolis efeqturi sa-<br />

Sualebebi da amitom am momakvdinebeli senis lokalizeba,<br />

misi raRac doneze SeCereba SesaZlebelia. anu dasaSvebia<br />

misi arseboba gamonaklisis da ara cxovrebis wesis saxiT.<br />

istoriac gvidasturebs, rom sazogadoebis demokratizaciisa<br />

da ekonomikuri keTildReobisaken mimavali gza,<br />

rogorc wesi, korufciaze gadis. korufcia aris revoluciuri<br />

gardaqmnebis aucilebeli atributi. ver gavbedav Tqmas<br />

da amis arc sabuTi maqvs, rom prezidenti SevardnaZe aris<br />

korunpirebuli. savsebiT SesaZlebelia, igi, pirovnulad,<br />

ubralo iyos, magram igi namdvilad aris korumpirebuli<br />

mTavrobis meTauri. amas, faqtobrivad, TviTonac aRiarebs,<br />

roca antikorufciul komisia-komitetebs qmnis.<br />

bunebrivi da kanonzomieria saqarTvelos mosaxleobis<br />

udidesi umravlesobis ukiduresi gaWirvebac, finansuri<br />

oligarqiis Camoyalibebac, xalxis drtvinvac da xelisuflebis<br />

damxobis survilic. bunebrivia xelisuflebis e. w.<br />

327

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„reformatoruli~ frTis aqtiurobac. Tumca, maTi aqtiurobidan<br />

Zalauflebisaken ltolva ufro gamosWvivis, vidre<br />

xalxis da saxelmwifos keTildReobaze zrunvis survili<br />

viyoT realistebi: sityvis TavisuflebisTvis mebrZoli<br />

axalgazrdobis energia da vneba swored „axalgazrda<br />

reformatorTa~ ZalisxmeviT gadaizarda jer mTavrobis,<br />

mere prezidentis gadadgomis, mere riggareSe saparlamento<br />

arCevnebis moTxovnebSi. dRes ukve SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />

rom revoluciurad ganwyobili „axalgazrda reformatorebis~<br />

usisxlo brZola prezidentTan „revolucionerTa~<br />

marcxiTa da SevardnaZis morigi gamarjvebiT damTavrda.<br />

esec kanonzomieria, radgan „reformatorebis~ ganzraxva<br />

ar iyo gulwrfeli: xalxi, am SemTxvevaSi, studentoba maT<br />

WirdebodaT sakuTari politikuri miznebisaTvis da ara<br />

maRali idealebisTvis. maT mmarTvelobis sistemis Secvla<br />

ki ara, arsebul sistemaSi strategiuli simaRleebis<br />

dakaveba surdaT. rac mTavaria, miznis misaRwevad airCies<br />

kuluaruli brZolis meTodi, anu is, ris xelovnebasac<br />

virtuozulad flobs maTi uSualo oponenti, eduard SevardnaZe.<br />

axali prezidenti, axali parlamenti, axali mTavroba<br />

saqarTveloSi arsebul viTarebas ver Secvlis. ucvleloba,<br />

samwuxarod, ar niSnavs adgilze dgomas, arsebuli status-qvos<br />

SenarCunebas. es niSnavs viTarebis ukiduresad<br />

daZabvas, qveyanaSi revoluciuri (proletaruli) ganwyobis<br />

Seqmnas da, sabolood, mrisxane socialur afeTqebas.<br />

etyoba, xelisuflebaSi myof „Zvelebs~ proletaruli<br />

revoluciebis mware istoriuli gamocdileba daaviwydaT,<br />

„axlebma~ ki istoria, saerTod, ar ician, Torem saku-<br />

Tar xalxs da qveyanas Tu ara, sakuTar Tavebs mainc gaufrTxildebodnen.<br />

liberaluri demokratiisaken mimaval gzaze saqarTvelo<br />

arc pirvelia da arc ukanaskneli _ es gza TviT amerikis<br />

SeerTebulma Statebmac ki wamebiT gaiara. gamosavali<br />

sakmaod ubraloa _ Zireuli samarTlebrivi reformebi...<br />

da rac SeiZleba swrafad: saqarTvelos mrisxane da daundobeli<br />

proletaruli revolucia uaxlovdeba („dronis~<br />

informacia).<br />

328

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marad cocxali leviaTani<br />

Tavis ukvdav naSromSi (`leviaTani, anu materia, forma<br />

da saeklesio Tu samoqalaqo saxelmwifos Zalmosileba~)<br />

Tomas hobsi saxelmwifos ase ganmartavs (sxvaTa Soris,<br />

mogvianebiT am ganmartebas `mokvdavi RmerTis~ Teoria<br />

uwodes): erTaderTi gza, romelic adamianebs Sida da<br />

gare saSiSroebebisgan daicavs, mis gamokvebas, mSvidobas<br />

da keTildReobas uzrunvelyofs, aris xalxis mier mTeli<br />

Zalauflebis erTi piris an pirTa jgufisTvis gadacema.<br />

es adamiani, an rCeulTa krebuli aris xalxis warmomadgeneli<br />

da misi interesebis damcveli. es ufro metia, vidre<br />

Tanxmoba an erTsulovneba. es aris realuri erToba, romelic<br />

gansaxierebulia TviTeulis SeTanxmebiT yvelasTan<br />

ise, rom TviTeuls SeuZlia uTxras sxvas: am adamians,<br />

an adamianTa jgufs gadavcem marTvis sakuTar uflebas im<br />

pirobiT, rom Senc aseve gadascem mas Sens wil uflebas da<br />

daadastureb yvela mis qmedebas. Tu ase moxda, erT pirad<br />

gaerTianebul uamrav adamians daerqmeva saxelmwifo (civitas).<br />

ase ibadeba mokvdavi RmerTi _ leviaTani.<br />

arCeuli adamianis an sakrebulos xelSi Tavs iyris<br />

usazRvro Zalaufleba. misgan mogvrili SiSi arCeul adamians<br />

an rCeulTa krebuls aiZulebs mTeli xalxis neba Sinagani<br />

mSvidobis dacvisa da sagareo mtris winaaRmdeg gaer-<br />

Tianebisken mimarTos. am adamianSi an rCeulTa krebulSi<br />

Zevs swored arsi saxelmwifosi, rac ase unda ganimartos:<br />

saxelmwifo aris erTiani saxe, romelsac ormxrivi Se-<br />

Tanxmebis safuZvelze, yvela Tavis qmedebaze pasuxismgebloba<br />

daakisra adamianTa uzarmazarma raodenobam im<br />

angariSiT, rom am pirma (an rCeulTa krebulma) saWiroebis<br />

SemTxvevaSi SeZlos yvela maTganis Zalisa da saSualebebis<br />

gamoyeneba. SegaxsenebT, rom es gaxlavT Tomas<br />

hobsis azri, xolo misi naSromi `leviaTani...~ dawerilia<br />

1851 wels.<br />

samarTlianobisTvis isic unda iTqvas, rom saxelmwifos<br />

amgvar ganmartebas ar eTanxmeba Zalian bevri mecnieri<br />

da maT Soris mari n. rotbardi. misi azriT, `saxelmwifo<br />

arasdros ar Seqmnila sazogadoebrivi kontraqtis sa-<br />

329

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fuZvelze; igi yovelTvis dapyrobisa da eqspluataciis<br />

Sedegad Cndeboda~.<br />

kidev erTxel mivubrundeT genialuri hobsis daskvnas<br />

_ `ase ibadeba mokvdavi RmerTi _ leviaTani (anu saxelmwifo)~.<br />

leviaTani bibliaSi ramdenjermea naxsenebi (fsalmunebi,<br />

iobis wigni, isaia). igi warmodgenilia, rogorc<br />

RmerTis mier Seqmnili grandiozuli Zalisa da borotebis<br />

gansaxiereba. xmeleTze _ behemoTis, xolo zRvaSi _ niangis<br />

msgavsi uzarmazari cecxlis mfrqveveli urCxuli, romelsac,<br />

sabolood, RmerTma `Tavi gauWeWya~.<br />

Cemi azriT, hobsi saxelmwifos (Sesabamisad, suverens)<br />

ar aigivebs leviaTanTan, rogorc borotebis, daundoblobisa<br />

da Zalmomreobis simbolosTan. saxelmwifo-leviaTani,<br />

am SemTxvevaSi, aris yvela adamianis gaerTianebuli,<br />

erTi miznisken mimarTuli Zal-Rone, inteleqtualuri<br />

da materialuri SesaZleblobebi, uzarmazari Zala,<br />

romlis damarcxeba mxolod missave Semoqmeds, RmerTs,<br />

xelewifeba. saxelmwifo efuZneba adamianTa sayovelTao<br />

SeTanxmebas da moqmedebs mkacrad gansazRvruli kanonierebis<br />

farglebSi. hobsis saxelmwifo, mokvdavi RmerTi, ar<br />

aris borotebis sawyisi. roca arCeuli piris an rCeulTa<br />

krebulis suvereniteti gadaiqceva absolutur da ganuyofel<br />

sakuTrebad, romelic ar cnobs xelisuflebis<br />

ganawilebis SesaZleblobas, Sedegad viRebT absolutistur<br />

saxelmwifoebs, magaliTad, sabWoTa kavSirs, kubas,<br />

libias, erays da a. S. am SemTxvevaSi, SegviZlia vimsjeloT<br />

saxelmwifos iseT tipze, rasac XX saukunis ganaTlebulma<br />

samyarom `borotebis imperia~ uwoda.<br />

saxelmwifo borotebis wyarod maSin gadaiqceva,<br />

roca gaigivdeba, an erTmaneTSi aireva sami umniSvnelovanesi<br />

cneba: nacia, politikuri sazogadoeba (kavSiri,<br />

partia) da saxelmwifo.<br />

frangi filosofosisa da politologis, Jak maritenis<br />

azriT, am sami cnebis aRreva an gaigiveba iyo Tanamedrove<br />

(igulisxmeba, XX saukune) istoriis wyevla.<br />

am cnebebis gamijvna raime gadaulaxav sirTuleebTan<br />

dakavSirebuli sulac ar gaxlavT _ mecnierebam maT didi<br />

xania miuCina adgili. mTavari is aris, rom cnebebis aRreva<br />

330

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an gaerTianeba surs absolutur Zalauflebaze meocnebe<br />

xelisuflebas da amas, rogorc wesi, akeTebs kidec.<br />

marTalia, marqsistebi Tavis droze daundoblad akritikebdnen<br />

`mefis RvTaebriv uflebaTa~ Teorias (gaixseneT<br />

ludoviko XIV ukvdavi gamoTqma _ `saxelmwifo, es me<br />

var!~) Tumca, sinamdvileSi, TviTon eswrafodnen da Seqmnes<br />

kidec absolutisturi saxelmwifo, romelmac, vaJas<br />

`maoxrebeli mkvdariviT~, gardacvalebis Semdegac kacobriobas<br />

bevri Tavsatexi gauCina.<br />

me warmovadgen im Taobas, romelsac universitetSi savaldebulo<br />

sagnebad aswavlidnen skkp (sabWoTa kavSiris<br />

komunisturi partia) istorias, istoriul materializms,<br />

mecnieruli aTeizmis Teorias, marqsizmis `klasikosebis~<br />

naSromebs. amitom, Tu nebas damrTavT, mTavari saTqmelis<br />

sailustraciod, visargebleb am codniT da gagacnobT zogierT<br />

yvelaze cnobil gamonaTqvams da mowodebas:<br />

`Cven yoveli mxridan mtrebiT varT garSemortymuli<br />

da TiTqmis yovelTvis maT cecxlqveS muSaoba<br />

gvixdeba.~<br />

`yoveli revoluciis mTavari sakiTxi aris Zalauflebis<br />

sakiTxi~.<br />

`Cven unda agveRo Zalaufleba, radgan aravis ar undoda<br />

misi dacva~.<br />

`imisTvis, vinc proletariatis interesebis dacva<br />

ikisra, yvelaferi nebadarTulia~.<br />

`samkvdro-sasicocxlo brZola unda gamovucxadoT<br />

mdidrebs, muqTaxorebs da burJuaziul muqTamWamelebs,<br />

omi gaiZverebs, wurbelebs da xulignebs... es aris<br />

kapitalizmiT nakvebi parazitebis ori mTavari wyeba...<br />

am mimarTebiT gamoCenili yovelgvari sisuste, yovelgvari<br />

yoymani, yovelgvari sentimentaloba iqneboda<br />

udidesi danaSauli socializmis winaaRmdeg~.<br />

citatebi amoRebulia leninis naSromebidan: `ra vake-<br />

ToT~, `orxelisuflebianobis Sesaxeb~, `rogor movawyoT<br />

socialisturi Sejibreba~.<br />

leninis bolo amosunTqvidan naxevar saukuneze meti<br />

xnis Semdeg, 1977 wels, `ganviTarebuli socializmis konstituciis~<br />

preambulaSi aseTi ram Caiwera: `es aris (sa-<br />

331

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WoTa) sazogadoeba, sadac patriotebma da internacionalistebma<br />

organizaciis, ideologiisa da Segnebis ma-<br />

Ral dones miaRwies; sadac dakanonebulia yvelas zrunva<br />

TviTeulis keTildReobaze da TviTeulis zrunva yvelas<br />

keTildReobaze. es aris WeSmariti demokratiis sazogadoeba,<br />

sadac politikuri sistema yvela socialuri Zalis<br />

efeqturi marTvis, saxelmwifos cxovrebaSi mSromelTa<br />

ufrodaufro aqtiuri monawileobis garantias iZleva; sadac<br />

moqalaqeTa Tavisuflebebi da uflebebi ganuyofelia<br />

sazogadoebis winaSe maTive valdebulebebisa da pasuxismgeblobisagan~.<br />

sabWoTa lozungebi da mowodebebic gavixsenoT:<br />

`partia Cveni epoqis Wkua, Rirseba da sindisia!~<br />

`partia Cveni mesaWea!~<br />

`komkavSiri partiis Rirseuli cvlaa!~<br />

`didi oqtombris socialisturi revolucia _ axali<br />

eris dasawyisi kacobriobis istoriaSi!~<br />

`skkp migviZRvis komunizmis gamarjvebisaken!~<br />

`Cveni SromiTi nobaTi skkp ck-is plenums!~<br />

sabWoeTSi komunisturi partia aRiarebulia TviT Rmer-<br />

Tzec maRla mdgom substanciad. partia brZeni, umwikvlo<br />

da yovlisSemZlea, Zalisa da energiis uSreti wyaroa, Cveni<br />

gonebisa da qmedebebis mesaWea (рулевой), samarTlianobis<br />

da usafrTxoebis garantia...<br />

oqtombris gadatrialebis Semdeg dedamiwis erT meeqvsedze<br />

Zalian swrafad Seiqmna da adamianebis gonebaSi cecxliT<br />

da maxviliT CaiWeda socialur-politikuri miTi<br />

Zlevamosil, gamarjvebul, mSromeli xalxis interesebis<br />

erTaderT damcvel partiaze, partia-hegemonze, sabolood<br />

_ partia-saxelmwifoze. anu erT-erTi politikuri<br />

kavSiri, kerZod, skkp TviTon iqca jer xelisuflebad,<br />

Semdeg _ saxelmwifod. skkp iqca sabWoTa xalxis sinonimadac.<br />

es aris swored cnebaTa is aRreva, risic ase eSinoda ganaTlebul<br />

evropas.<br />

yuradReba miaqcieT im Zalian mniSvnelovan faqts, rom<br />

skkp ar yofila erTaderTi partia-saxelmwifo imdroindel<br />

evropaSi _ gasuli saukunis 20-iani wlebidan centra-<br />

332

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lur evropaSi, germaniaSi politikur arenaze gamovida<br />

kompartiaze aranakleb ambiciuri nacional-socialisturi<br />

partia adolf hitleris meTaurobiT.<br />

Tu sabWoTa kompartiis ideologia, ZiriTadad, internacionalizms,<br />

mSromelTa saerTaSoriso solidarobaze<br />

agresiul laybobas efuZneboda, nacizmi germanuli rasis<br />

gansakuTrebulobaze, upiratesobaze da kacobriobis<br />

winaSe mis RvTiur misiaze qadagebda. rasakvirvelia, isic<br />

ukiduresad agresiuli formiT. rusul da germanul partia-saxelmwifoebs<br />

Soris gansxvaveba mxolod formalur<br />

motivaciaSia _ erTgan internacionalizmi, meoregan _<br />

rasizmi, Tumca, erTic da meorec, sabolood, aris PR-teqnologia<br />

sakuTari namdvili (monopolisturi, totalitaruli)<br />

zraxvebis SesaniRbad da usastikesi partia-saxelmwifos<br />

Sesaqmnelad.<br />

komunistur da nacistur mmarTvelobiT reJimebs Soris<br />

msgavseba, ubralod, gasaocaria _ droSebis friali,<br />

aRlumebi, pompezuri Tavyrilobebi, beladebis gamosvlebi,<br />

axalgazrduli organizaciebi (komkavSiri _ hitleriugendi)<br />

da banakebi, grandiozuli mSeneblobebi,<br />

feierverkebi, marSebi, militaristuli lozungebi, Tavbrudamxvevi<br />

`gamarjvebebi~, mowodebebi da, ra Tqma unda,<br />

mtrebi, mtrebi, mtrebi!...<br />

araferi miTqvams rekviziciebze (erTgan _ burJuebi da<br />

kulakebi, meoregan _ komunistebi, ebraelebi, polonelebi,<br />

slavebi) da inteligenciis devnaze...<br />

am gasaocar msgavsebaze imitom vamaxvileb yuradRebas,<br />

rom vTqva: nacizmi da komunizmi, nacisturi da komunisturi<br />

partia-saxelmwifoebi ar yofila kerZo SemTxveva,<br />

es iyo istoriuli kanonzomierebebiT ganpirobebuli<br />

movlenebi. rac mTavaria, mindoda meTqva, rom komunizmi<br />

ar momkvdara stalinis gardacvalebis an msoflio<br />

socialisturi sistemis daSlisTanave. arc nacizmi<br />

momkvdara niurbergis procesis damTavrebisTanave.<br />

partia-saxelmwifoebi XX saukunis msoflioSi saSiSrad<br />

bevri iyo. maTi rigebi SesamCnevad gaizarda yofili sabWo-<br />

Ta kavSiris respublikebis xarjze. Zalian vwuxvar, magram<br />

unda vaRiaro, rom XXI saukunis dasawyisSi sakuTari Tva-<br />

333

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liT vuyure `damoukidebeli da suverenuli~ saqarTvelos<br />

totalitaruli tipis saxelmwifod Camoyalibebis<br />

process.<br />

rogorc adre bevrjer gavimeore, yvelaferi daiwyo<br />

egreT wodebuli `vardebis revoluciiT~. prezident SevardnaZis<br />

mSiSara da, savaraudod, korumpirebulma xelisuflebam<br />

Zalaufleba, faqtobrivad, ubrZolvelad daTmo<br />

`axalgazrda reformatorTa~ sasargeblod. xelisuflebis<br />

revoluciur cvlas dauyovnebliv mohyva istoriidan<br />

kargad cnobili faSistur-komunisturi seriuli `wmendebi~,<br />

mZlavri represiuli aparatis Camoyalibeba, dasmenis<br />

ucxo da amazrzeni sistemisa da Taobebs Soris xelovnuri<br />

dapirispirebis Seqmna, saxelmwifoebriv doneze mecnierebis<br />

da, saerTod, inteligenciis sruli ugulebelyofa,<br />

gauTavebeli konstituciuri cvlilebebi Zalauflebis<br />

ganmtkicebis mizniT, policiisTvis usazRvro uflebebis<br />

miniWeba, parlamentis sruli stagnacia, nacionaluri<br />

(mmarTveli) partiis gafetiSeba, opoziciuri azris<br />

ugulebelyofa-gatrizaveba, militaristuli demarSebi,<br />

saCvenebeli mkvlelobebi, ararsebuli gamarjvebebiT<br />

trabaxi, yvela wina xelisuflebis umsgavsi da gauTavebeli<br />

lanZRva-gineba, sazogadoebisTvis cru-inteligenciis<br />

SeCeCebis mcdelobebi, reformebis safarqveS ganaTlebis<br />

sistemis da sasamarTlo xelisuflebis sruli politizacia,<br />

yovlad usafuZvlo ambiciebi sagareo politikaSi,<br />

`kargi xelisuflebis~ sindromi, bolos _ beladomania da<br />

nacistur-komunisturi lozung-mowodebebi...<br />

Sors mimavali daskvnebis gamosatanad ara, magram ise,<br />

gansjisTvis erT istoriul analogias SegaxsenebT: 1933<br />

wlis 30 ianvars cxovrebisgan daRlilma prezidentma hindenburgma<br />

xelisufleba germaniis nacional-socialistur<br />

partias da mis belads, adolf hitlers Caabara. Aamaze<br />

istorikosebi dRemde kamaToben, magram darwmunebuli<br />

var, es gadabareba ar momxdara mravlismnaxveli grafis<br />

wrfeli surviliT. Mman daaxloebiT mainc icoda, ra gansacdeli<br />

eloda germanias nacional-socialistebis saxiT,<br />

magram sisxlisRvras moerida da xeli Caiqnia. germanel-<br />

Ta umravlesobis azric gaiTvaliswina. im umravlesobisa,<br />

334

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omelic germaniis `gabrwyinebaze~ ocnebobda da TavdaviwyebiT<br />

gahkioda _ hail! hail!H hail!<br />

2003 wlis 23 noembers prezidentma SevardnaZem xelisufleba<br />

mSvidobianad gadaabara saqarTvelos nacionalur<br />

partias da mis belads, mixeil saakaSvils _ isic sisxlis<br />

Rvras moerida da xeli Caiqnia. qarTvelTa umravlesobis<br />

azric gaiTvaliswina. im umravlesobisa, romelic saqar-<br />

Tvelos `gabrwyinebaze~ ocnebobda da TavdaviwyebiT<br />

gahkioda _ miSa! miSa! miSa!..<br />

orive SemTxvevaSi, saR azrze egzaltirebulma brbom<br />

imZlavra, magram amjerad kacobriobas gaumarTla, radgan<br />

1933 wlis Semdeg 70 weliwads Caevlo, Tanac, saqarTvelo<br />

ar iyo centraluri evropis 60-milioniani qveyana.<br />

Ggrafi hindenburgi 1934 wels, 87 wlisa gardaicvala. Mman<br />

ver naxa, ra ubedureba moutana kacobriobas misma mSvidobismoyvarulma<br />

Jestma _ xelisuflebis nebayoflobiT<br />

daTmobam.<br />

2006 wels prezident SevardnaZes 76 weli Seusrulda.<br />

Mman sakuTari TvaliT naxa, ra gansacdeli mouvlina saaka-<br />

Svilma da misma nacionalurma partiam saqarTvelos. vwuxvar,<br />

magram meCveneba, rom mTavari gansacdeli mainc win<br />

gvelis. SevardnaZe, RvTis nebiT, imasac naxavs da es aris<br />

misi tragedia. Aamas im Jurnalistebis da istorikosebis,<br />

yvela im adamianis sayuradRebod vambob, vinc odesme XXI<br />

saukunis dasawyisis saqarTvelos istoriaSi garkvevas<br />

moindomebs...<br />

1945 wlis adrian gazafxulze mesame raixSi bolo totaluri<br />

mobilizacia gamocxadda. TofqveS dadga 14-dan 70<br />

wlamde asakis yvela germaneli mamakaci.<br />

sulierad da fizikurad gatexili fiureri 14-15 wlis<br />

biWebisgan Semdgar `Serengas~ miuyveba da loyaze xels<br />

uTaTunebs misganve sasikvdilod ganwirul mcirewlovan<br />

`hitleriugendel~ jariskacs. jariskacebi smenaze dgebian,<br />

marjvena xels gaSlili mtevniT Tavs zemoT sweven da<br />

saTayvano fiurers esalmebian _ hail hitler!...<br />

2006 wlis oqtomberSi mSieri saqarTvelos axalgazrda,<br />

mxne, energiuli prezidenti pirze bednierebis Rimildafrqveuli<br />

Tbilisis erT-erT rusulenovan skolas stu-<br />

335

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mrobs. Pprezidentis Sesaxvedrad skolis kibeebze, orive<br />

mxares, axalTaxal saskolo formebSi gamowyobili 6-7<br />

wlis gogo-biWebi Camwkrivebulan. prezidenti erT-erTs<br />

uaxlovdeba da loyaze xels alersianad uTaTunebs.<br />

bavSvebi erTxmad esalmebian saTayvano prezidents:<br />

_ miSa, miSa!..<br />

2006 wlis Semodgomaze nacionaluri partiis (daukvirdiT!)<br />

iniciativiT, TbilisSi gaimarTa grandiozuli<br />

folkloruli festivali koduri saxelwodebiT... `nacionaluri<br />

xma~.<br />

Zalauflebis sruli uzurpaciis procesi, simbolurad,<br />

amiT dasrulda.<br />

Cven gadavTxareT!...<br />

2003 wlis Semdeg saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli movlenebi<br />

Zalian hgavs 1917 wlis Semdeg ruseTSi da 1933 wlis<br />

Semdeg germaniaSi ganviTarebul movlenebs. Mmsgavsia Zalauflebis<br />

uzurpaciisTvis brZolis teqnologiebi da,<br />

rac mTavaria, msgavsia Sedegebi _ saxelmwifoTa tipi.<br />

XXI saukunis dasawyisis saqarTvelos da XX saukunis 30iani<br />

wlebis germaniis reJimebis qmedebebi TviT umcires<br />

detalebSic ki emTxveva erTmaneTs: xalxmraval mitingebze<br />

fiurerebis sityvauxvi da arafrismTqmeli gamosvlebi;<br />

axalgazrdebis gadabireba da garyvna ZalauflebiT; demonstraciuli<br />

`xalxSi gasvlebi~; pompezuri dResaswaulebi,<br />

maT Soris _ RamRamobiTac; informaciebiT manipulaciebi;<br />

quCebisa da moednebisTvis `vardebis revoluciis~<br />

Ciniani da uCino `moRvaweebis~ saxelebis darqmeva;<br />

grandiozuli Zeglebis mSenebloba; moazrovneTa ugulebelyofa<br />

da devna; brZola realobis winaaRmdeg...<br />

oriode sityviT swored am ukanasknelze SevCerdebi.<br />

Yyvela totalitaruli reJimi Zalauflebis SenarCunebis<br />

mizniT, iZulebulia, upirveles yovlisa, Seqmnas mZlavri<br />

represiuli aparati _ armia, specialuri da saidumlo<br />

samsaxurebi, policia, agenturuli qseli, `sakuTari~ sasamarTlo<br />

sistema da, raRa Tqma unda, sakuTari `Tavisufali~<br />

masmedia. yYvelaferi es moiTxovs Zalian did Tanxebs.<br />

336

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daumateT amas sanaxaobebi, ritualuri mSeneblobebi, dagegmili<br />

`gamarjvebebi~, arCevnebi da mravali sxva biujet-<br />

Si oficialurad vergasaTvaliswinebeli xarji.<br />

Zalian swrafad fulis Sovnis erTaderTi gza aris saku-<br />

Tari mosaxleobis Zarcva. Aase iqceoda hitleris xelisuflebac<br />

da stalinisac. sxva gamosavali ar hqonda TavisuflebanaCuqari<br />

saqarTvelos xelisuflebasac _ 2003 wlis<br />

`vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg qveyanaSi totaluri rekviziciebis<br />

epoqam daisadgura. ruseTis, germaniis, belorusis,<br />

yazaxeTis, TurqmeneTis, uzbekeTis, azerbaijanis da<br />

sxva qveynebisgan gansxvavebiT, saqarTvelos sakmaod mwiri<br />

materialuri resursebi male gamoilia. `megobari qveynebis~<br />

daxmareba simboluri aRmoCnda, yovel SemTxvevaSi,<br />

veraviTari pozitiuri gavlena ver moaxdina mosaxleobis<br />

absoluturi umravlesobis materialur mdgomareobaze.<br />

Aamitom saWiro gaxda axal-axali Sinauri da gare mtrebis<br />

aRmoCena, yvela ubedurebis maTze gadabraleba da propagandistuli<br />

manqanis mTeli ZaliT amuSaveba. Sinauri mtrebi,<br />

ra Tqma unda, male da mravlad gamoinaxa _ opoziciur<br />

partiebSi, wina xelisuflebis momxreebSi, biznesmenebSi,<br />

inteligenciaSi, saxelmwifo struqturebSi, TviT mmar-<br />

Tvel partiaSi da saparlamento umravlesobaSic ki.<br />

qveynis udides da pirsisxlian mtrad, rogorc mosalodneli<br />

iyo, ruseTi daisaxa.<br />

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom kenigsbergidan (kaliningradidan)<br />

vladivostokamde gadaWimul ruseTTan Cveni maradiuli<br />

mezobloba RmerTma ineba, masTan urTierTobebis<br />

gafuWebiT, TiTqos, dainteresebuli aravin ar unda yofiliyo.<br />

Mmagram, rogorc mogaxseneT, realobis winaaRmdeg<br />

brZola totalitaruli saxelmwifos erT-erTi mTavari<br />

niSania.<br />

aRarafers vambob prezident saakaSvilis sajaro gamonaTqvamebze,<br />

romlebic arafriT Camouvardeba, zogjer<br />

aSkarad aWarbebs kidec leninis zemoT moyvanil gamona-<br />

Tqvamebs. gansakuTrebiT, es exeba kategoriul moTxovnebs<br />

`damnaSaveTa~ likvidaciaze, parlamentis mier misTvis sasurveli<br />

kanonebis miRebaze (`vinc am gadawyvetilebas xmas<br />

ar miscems, piradad CemTan eqneba saqme~) da a. S.<br />

337

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Llenini Tavis mowinaaRmdegeebs ase moixseniebs: `xulignebi,<br />

sisxlismsmelebi, muqTaxorebi, morielebi, sazizRari<br />

mwerebi...~<br />

saakaSvils, savaraudod, leninis naSromebi ar uswavlia,<br />

magram Tavis oponentebs mainc leniniseuli epiTetebiT<br />

amkobs: `mCmaxavebi, crupentelebi, meqrTameebi, damnaSaveebi,<br />

usaqmurebi, wurbelebi, sindisgarecxilebi, cru<br />

mecnierebi...~<br />

sainteresoa isic, rom saakaSvili da misi politikuri<br />

partia `nacionaluri moZraoba~ (SegaxsenebT: adolf hitleris<br />

partias `nacional-socialisturi~ erqva!) xelisuflebis<br />

saTaveSi ise mivida, qveynis ganviTarebis aravi-<br />

Tari ekonomikuri gegma ar hqonia. Mmetic, msgavsi dokumenti<br />

arc xelisuflebis sruli uzurpaciis Semdeg ar warmoudgenia.<br />

mTeli gegma oriode magiuri sityviT iTqmis _<br />

Cven gavakeTebT!<br />

Bbunebrivia, realoba winaaRmdegobas uwevs Zaladobas.<br />

cxovreba Tavisas moiTxovs _ ekonomikis ganviTarebis kanonzomiereba<br />

ver hguobs karCaketilobas. totalitarul<br />

partia-saxelmwifos Zalauflebis SesanarCuneblad yoveldRe<br />

meti da meti resursi sWirdeba. Aamitom igi saswrafod<br />

da daufiqreblad hyidis qveyanaSi arsebul yvela materialur<br />

faseulobas, amkacrebs rekviziciebis process<br />

(`socialisturi amoRebis~ politika!), eZebs da poulobs<br />

axal-axal mtrebs.<br />

axalgazrda `patriotebis~ TanxlebiT, prezidenti xSirad<br />

Cndeba ukve sabolood gatexil-damorCilebuli qar-<br />

Tuli telearxebis ekranebze da muqaranarevi toniT didaqtikur<br />

tiradebs warmoTqvams, romlebsac mudam erTnairad<br />

iwyebs: `me unda giTxraT Tqven, rom... Tqven unda icodeT,<br />

rom...~ da mudam erTnairad amTavrebs: `rac ar unda<br />

iyiyinos Cvenma egreT wodebulma opoziciam, dawyebul<br />

saqmes miviyvanT bolomde... arsad _ evropaSi, baltiispireTSi,<br />

peterburgSi, parizSic ki ar aris am donis skverebi,<br />

saTamaSo moednebi, Sadrevnebi... mtrebis jinaze, Cven kidev<br />

ufro gavanaTebT quCebs, davagebT asfalts... Cven gvyavs<br />

SesaniSnavi sapatrulo policia da brwyinvaled muSaobs<br />

Cveni generaluri prokurori... rusebs egonaT gagvtexa-<br />

338

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vda, xalxs xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg aamxedrebda, magram,<br />

nuras ukacravad, ver mivarTviT... vin gvicnobda Cven? _<br />

aravin. Cven gagvicno msofliom Cveni revoluciiT... Cven<br />

gavxseniT asi ufaso sasadilo, gadavTxareT asi quCa, ava-<br />

SeneT asi xelovnur safariani mini stadioni...~<br />

araviTari miniSnebac ki moqalaqeTa udidesi umravlesobis<br />

umZimes socialur pirobebze, qveynidan mosaxleobis,<br />

gansakuTrebiT, axalgazrdobisa da inteleqtualuri<br />

nawilis migraciaze, ekonomikis kraxze, mitovebul soflebze,<br />

grandiozul umuSevrobaze... arcerTi sityva qveyanaSi<br />

realurad arsebul viTarebaze.<br />

Zalian sagulisxmoa prezident saakaSvilis mier `rTvelis<br />

ministrad~ daniSnuli samxedro ministris, `feldmaWar~<br />

oqruaSvilis mravalTagan erTi sajaro gancxadeba<br />

kaxeli glexebis misamarTiT da saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqis<br />

gasagonad: `yvela miiRebs imas, rac ekuTvnis. Tu<br />

vinme mitingebs moawyobs, Cven adeqvatur zomebs miviRebT.<br />

frTxilad iyaviT, mTeli Tqveni naSromis cixeebSi mitana<br />

ar dagWirdeT~.<br />

sazogadoebis nawili, daaxloebiT 12-15 procenti, mainc<br />

mxars uWerda arsebul xelisuflebas. Ees gamoCnda 2006<br />

wlis oqtomberSi mmarTvelobis adgilobrivi organoebis<br />

arCevnebze, sadac amomrCevelTa daaxloebiT 32 procenti<br />

gamocxadda da umravlesobam mxari partia-hegemonis<br />

kandidatebs dauWira. Aaq moqmedebs ori Zveli da nacnobi<br />

sindromi _ `es Tu ara, maS vin?~ da `SeCveuli Wiri sjobs<br />

SeuCvevel lxins~. ra Tqma unda, gasaTvaliswinebelia xelisuflebis<br />

mier arCevnebisTvis sakuTari administraciuli<br />

resursebisa da sabiujeto saxsrebis, umZlavresi<br />

propagandistuli manqanis SesaZleblobebis ganukiTxavi<br />

gamoyeneba da SiSis sindromic.<br />

saqarTveloSi 2003 wlis `vardebis revoluciis~ Sedegad<br />

miRebuli suraTi daaxloebiT aseTi iyo: Zalauflebis<br />

sruli koncentracia partia-saxelmwifos xelSi, lideris<br />

(prezidenti) kulti, Zaladobisa da daSinebis samefo, adamianuri<br />

urTierTobebis gaxrwna, `SeTqmulTa~ winaaRmdeg<br />

erTiani brZolisken gauTavebeli mowodebebi, sakuTari<br />

gamarjvebebiT da uZlevelobiT trabaxi, masmediis (Ziri-<br />

339

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Tadad, telearxebis) TiTqmis sruli monopolizacia, `Ca-<br />

Svebis~ institutebis amoqmedeba, sasamarTlo sistemis Ss<br />

saministrosTvis daqvemdebareba, SiSismomgvreli specialuri<br />

razmebis ganukiTxavi TareSi, umaRlesi sakanonmdeblo<br />

organos wminda wylis formalobad gadaqceva...<br />

partia-saxelmwifo (nacionaluri moZraoba) sakuTar<br />

moqalaqeebs araorazrovnad eubneba: `me var Zala, me yvelaferi<br />

SemiZlia. Sen, individi, partia-saxelmwifos wina-<br />

Se xar araraoba!~<br />

rogorc odesRac germaniaSi, ruseTSi da sxvagan, revoluciurma<br />

reJimma XXI saukunis dasawyisis saqarTveloSi<br />

adamiani gadaaqcia reJimis monad. rogorc jorj oruelma<br />

dagvanaxa, es exeba msxverplsac da jalaTsac _ reJimis<br />

monad iqca yvela qarTveli ministri, parlamentis wevri,<br />

biznesmeni, mdidaric da uqonelic.<br />

samwuxarod, `sardlebad dadgenilma biW-buWebma da qarafSutebma~<br />

axalgazrdobis, gamoucdelobisa da, ubralod,<br />

uvicobis gamo, sakuTari savalalo mdgomareoba ver<br />

dainaxes. gamocdilebma da gonierebma ki SiSis gamo xma Tavad<br />

Caigdes, an xma ZaliT gaakmendines, an xma aRarsad miuwvdebodaT.<br />

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg saqarTvelos yvela<br />

xelisuflebam, TavisTvisac moulodnelad, moqmedebis<br />

usazRvro Tavisufleba miiRo. usazRvro Tavisuflebas,<br />

rogorc cnobilia, usazRvro tiraniamde, absolutur Zalauflebamde<br />

mivyavarT. absoluturi Zalaufleba ki, mogexsenebaT,<br />

absoluturad ryvnis.<br />

rasac saqarTvelos magaliTze vambob, savsebiT Seesabameba<br />

bevr postsabWoTa respublikas. iqac arian adamianebi,<br />

visac msgavsi problemebi awuxebT da amis Sesaxeb weren kidec.<br />

me, saqarTvelos moqalaqes, saqarTvelos momavali ma-<br />

SfoTebs da minda, rom amaze Cemma Tanamoqalaqeebmac ifiqron.<br />

ifiqron axlac da momavalSic, radgan absoluturi<br />

Zalauflebis siyvaruli mxolod Cemi Tanamemamuleebis<br />

an mxolod Cemi epoqis seni ar gaxlavT. igi maradiulia da<br />

kacobriobas Tavs kidev bevrgan da kidev bevrjer Seaxsenebs.<br />

340

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saqarTvelos rusuli politika da<br />

qarTuli Jurnalistika<br />

imis gamo, rasac axla vityvi, Cemi Tanamedrove partiasaxelmwifos<br />

warmomadgenlebi, opozicionerebi da gaalmasebuli<br />

ura-patriotebi uTuod SemaCveneben. amitom<br />

movaswreb da qveynis gasagonad daviyvireb: gaumarjos damoukidebel<br />

saqarTvelos! Zirs ruseTis boroti imperia!<br />

1801 wels saqarTvelo ruseTs SeuerTda. Tvrameti<br />

wliT adre ruseT-saqarTvelos Soris georgievskSi xelmowerili<br />

traqtatiT movlenaTa amgvari ganviTareba gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

ar yofila. axalgazrda, didmpyrobeluri<br />

JiniT Sepyrobilma rusulma imperiam indoeTisken mimaval<br />

gzaze patara saqarTvelo ise gadaylapa, rom samokavSireo<br />

xelSekruleba arc gaxsenebia. erT dros Zlieri da ayvavebuli,<br />

axla ki daSlil-dauZlurebuli qveyana ruseTis<br />

ukidegano imperiis Soreul provinciad iqca.<br />

amier da imier (aRmosavleT da dasavleT) saqarTveloSi<br />

saswrafod gauqmda mefoba da avtokefaluri eklesia. daiwyo<br />

qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis Semomtkiceba. samiode<br />

weliwadSi yvelaferi damTavrda: aRarc mefe, aRarc mTavari,<br />

aRarc samefo kari, aRarc saxelmwifo, aRarc sazrunavi...<br />

im narCenebs, rasac odesRac saqarTvelo erqva, amieridan<br />

rusi daepatrona!<br />

amierkavkasiis (samxreT kavkasiis) dedaqalaqad gamocxadebul<br />

tiflisSi rusi general-gubernatori morWmiT dajda.<br />

rusi saldaTi yvelaze saSiS da yvelaze sapativcemo<br />

personad iqca. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis istoriis<br />

wigni orasi wliT daixura.<br />

ai, wavikiTxe es sityvebi da tanSi mec TqvensaviT<br />

gamcra.<br />

barem isic vTqvaT, ra miiRo ruseTis yovlisSemZle<br />

imperatorma, aleqsandr pavloviCma, saqarTvelos saxiT:<br />

daaxloebiT 700 000-iani mosaxleoba; erTmaneTze<br />

samkvdro-sasicocxlod gadakidebuli qarTuli samefosamTavroebi;<br />

gauTavebeli lekianoba; adamianebiT vaWrobis<br />

tradicia; saqarTvelosadmi aSkarad mtrulad ganwyobili<br />

mezoblebis kampania; arcerTi saero skola, saSualo-<br />

341

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teqnikuri, an umaRlesi saswavlebeli; arcerTi fabrika an<br />

qarxana, arcerTi biblioTeka, arcerTi manufaqtura da<br />

administraciuli Senoba; sazRvrebi _ morRveuli, jari<br />

_ dafantuli, gzebi _ dangreuli, sofeli _ daqceuli,<br />

xazina _ carieli, imedi _ gadawuruli.<br />

amis garda, ar arsebobda centralizebuli an adgilobrivi<br />

sammarTvelo struqturebi, sasamarTlo sistema,<br />

sakanonmdeblo baza; rac mTavaria, ar arsebobda myari sazogadoebrivi<br />

azri saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis aucileblobaze.<br />

aseTi iyo Cveni istoriis es unugeSo monakveTi.<br />

beberi saqarTvelo bednieri da ayvavebuli qveyana rom<br />

yofiliyo, axalgazrda da ambiciuri rusuli imperia, survilis<br />

SemTxvevaSi, mis damorCilebas mainc SeZlebda. iseve,<br />

rogorc odesRac es moaxerxes sparselebma, arabebma,<br />

monRolebma Tu jalaledinma. magram maSin, mecxramete<br />

saukunis gariJraJze, saqarTvelos ukanaskneli Zlieri<br />

xelisuflis, erekle meoris katastrofuli marcxisa da<br />

qveynis sulieri da fizikuri gapartaxebis Semdeg, marTlmadidebeli<br />

rusuli imperia saqarTvelosTvis erTaderTi<br />

nugeSi iyo.<br />

didma imperiam saqarTvelos istoriulad kuTvnili teritoriebis<br />

did nawils sazRvari Semoavlo da mas saqar-<br />

Tvelo uwoda; Seqmna centraluri da adgilobrivi administraciuli<br />

erTeulebi, marTvisa da represiuli sistemebi;<br />

sasamarTlo sistema, sakanonmdeblo baza. daiwyo skolebisa<br />

da sxva saganmanaTlebo struqturebis mSenebloba,<br />

soflis meurneobisa da manufaqturebis aRorZineba, qalaqmSenebloba,<br />

axalgazrda qarTvel TavadaznaurTa gagzavna<br />

saswavleblad imperiis inteleqtualur da administraciul<br />

centrebSi; gamoica pirveli gazeTi, rasac 1828<br />

wels solomon dodaSvilis mecadineobiT, jer pirveli<br />

rusulenovani qarTuli gazeTi (`tiflisskie vedemosti~),<br />

maleve ki qarTulenovani `tfilisis uwyebani~ mohyva...<br />

imperia atarebda aSkara rusifikatorul politikas<br />

_ kanonmdeblobac rusuli iyo, mmarTvelobis sistemac,<br />

sakanonmdeblo bazac, swavlebisa da samoxeleo enac, saxelmZRvaneloebic,<br />

jaric, Cacmulobac da mixvra-moxvrac.<br />

342

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yvelaferi es kargs arafers uqadda qarTul kulturas da,<br />

saerTod, saqarTvelos, magram imasac nu daviviwyebT, rom<br />

imperiis mxridan misi erT-erTi samxreTuli provinciis<br />

saswrafo rusifikacia iyo erTaderTi swori politika...<br />

imperiisTvis. ruseTi saqarTveloSi (da uklebliv yvela<br />

sxva dapyrobil Tu `SemoerTebul~ teritoriaze) atarebda<br />

im politikas, rac misaRebi da sasargeblo iyo rusuli imperiisTvis.<br />

Tu gnebavT, kidev erTxel gavimeoreb: ruseTi<br />

aSkara rusifikatorul politikas atarebda imperiis mTel<br />

teritoriaze _ poloneTSi, baltiispireTSi, cimbirSi,<br />

Sua aziaSi, Crdilo da samxreT kavkasiaSi; iyenebda am politikis<br />

Sesatyvis teqnologiebs Zaladobis CaTvliT. mwared<br />

cdeba, Tu vinme fiqrobs, rom rusebs saqarTveloSi qarTuli<br />

skolebi unda eSenebinaT, kanonmdebloba istoriul qar-<br />

Tul samarTlebriv Zeglebze da adaTebze unda daefuZnebinaT,<br />

qarTuli armia da policia unda SeeqmnaT, siRnaRSi,<br />

kavTisxevSi da sajavaxoSi qarTuli universitetebi unda<br />

gaexsnaT, qarTuli inteligenciisa da qarTuli politikuri<br />

istebliSmentis Camoyalibebaze unda ezrunaT...<br />

aseTi ram istoriaSi arasdros ar momxdara da, darwmunebuli<br />

brZandebodeT, momavalSic arasdros ar moxdeba.<br />

xolo, rac saqarTveloSi ruseTTan SeerTebis Semdeg moxda,<br />

msoflio istoriaSi kidev bevrjer ganmeordeba. raRa<br />

Sors mivdivarT: amerikelebTan damegobrebidan raRac<br />

xuTiod weliwadSi mTeli qarTuli mTavroba inglisurad<br />

`aJRurtulda~, inglisurenovani sabavSvo baRebi, skolebi<br />

da umaRlesi saswavleblebi gaixsna; qarTvelebi saswavleblad<br />

okeanis gaRma daiZrnen; jari da policia amerikul<br />

yaidaze gaewyo; kanonmdebloba evro-amerikuli dafuZnda;<br />

qarTul-rusuli abrebi inglisuriT Seicvala; rusulenovanis<br />

nacvlad, inglisurenovani Jurnal-gazeTebi gamovida;<br />

melaanis quCas TbilisSi umcrosi jorj buSis saxeli<br />

daerqva; Zveli miwaTmoqmedebi metrdotelebad, `stilistebad~,<br />

portieebad da xelze movaWreebad, qarTveli<br />

biWebi _ mamluqebad, gogoebi _ `opermedxenebad~ da me-<br />

Zavebad iqcnen...<br />

odesRac rusi jariskacis xiStiT gaerTianebul da XXI<br />

saukunemde motanil saqarTvelos (sadac 1990 wlisTvis<br />

343

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xuTi milioni adamiani cxovrobda!) damoukideblobis mopovebis<br />

Semdeg yovelwliurad asi aTasobiT moqalaqe tovebda<br />

da vinc rCeboda, Tvali masac gaqcevaze eWira. nu<br />

gagikvirdebaT da, wamsvlelTa naxevarze meti yofil `imperiaSi~,<br />

ruseTSi damkvidrda.<br />

XIX saukunis dasawyisSi ruseTma saqarTvelo fizikur<br />

ganadgurebas gadaarCina. funqcia dakargul saqarTvelo-<br />

Si evropuli kultura da ganaTleba ruseTidan Semovida.<br />

qarTveli ganmanaTleblebi (`Tergdaleulebi~) saqarTvelos<br />

ruseTidan moevlinen. qarTuli mecniereba, qarTuli<br />

sazogadoebrivi azri rusul mecnierebaze, rusul sazogadoebriv<br />

azrze aRmocenda. bolo orasi wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />

rusisgan damoukideblad da rusuli fulis gareSe<br />

saqarTveloSi ar aSenebula araferi, TviT sazogadoebrivi<br />

tualetic ki japanis rkinigzis sadgurze.<br />

geTanxmebiT, saqarTvelo ar yofila arc ruseTis da<br />

msoflios arc erTi sxva qveynis Rirseuli partniori,<br />

radgan igi iyo jer mefis ruseTis, Semdeg sabWoTa ruse-<br />

Tis erT-erTi provincia. rom ara ruseTi, saqarTvelo XXI<br />

saukunemde verasdidebiT ver miaRwevda. anu Cven, qarTvelebi,<br />

rusebisgan sakuTari sicocxliT varT davalebuli.<br />

ruseTis mmarTvelma wreebma, SesaZloa, ar icodnen, ra<br />

xdeboda saqarTveloSi XIX saukunemde, magram SesaniSnavad<br />

ician, ra moxda da ra xdeba 1801 wlidan moyolebuli. XXI<br />

saukunis dasawyisis rusul politikur elitas (da rusul<br />

plebssac) saqarTveloc, somxeTic, azerbaijanic, Crdilo<br />

kavkasiac, ukrainac da belorusic, moldovac da Sua aziac<br />

Tavis sakuTrebad miaCnia. darwmunebulia, rom amgvari<br />

ganwyobisTvis arsebobs sakmarisi istoriuli da samarTlebrivi<br />

safuZveli. sxva Tu araferi, maT xom am teritoriebis<br />

dasapyrobad da SesanarCuneblad zRva sisxli daRvares!<br />

nu gavkicxavT rusebs am ganwyobisTvis _ vin icis, rogor<br />

moviqceodiT maT adgilze Cven, qarTvelebi! imasac nu<br />

daviviwyebT, rom umadurobas arasodes aravisTvis sikeTe<br />

ar moutania.<br />

arc mecxramete saukuneSi, arc manamde da arc mas Semdeg<br />

ruseTi ar yofila demokratiis akvani. Cven, vinc TiTqmis<br />

orasi weliwadi gavatareT ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi, es<br />

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unda gvcodnoda. amiT imis Tqma minda, rom RvTis SewevniT<br />

da ganaTlebuli msoflios uzarmazari ZalisxmeviT damoukideblobanaCuqar<br />

saqarTvelos xelisuflebebs, ruseTTan<br />

urTierTobisas gacilebiT frTxili, moqnili da<br />

mozomili politikis gatareba marTebdaT. albaT _ meti<br />

moTminebac.<br />

istoriul urTierTobebs rom Tavi davaneboT, ruseTi<br />

obieqturad aris msoflios erTi yvelaze didi, praqtikulad,<br />

amouwuravi bunebrivi resursebis da udidesi saomari<br />

gamocdilebis mqone sakmaod agresiuli sagareo politikis<br />

matarebeli qveyana. damoukidebeli saqarTvelo am<br />

Tvaluwvdeneli, msoflio hegemonobaze meocnebe da ekonomikurad<br />

mzardi qveynis karis mezobelia. saqarTvelos<br />

keTildReoba, misi arsebobac ki, ruseTis keTilganwyobazea<br />

damokidebuli. ar vambob, rom amave periodis ruseTis<br />

qarTuli politika, Tavis mxriv, sanimuSo iyo, magram Cvenma<br />

revoluciurma xelisuflebam rom Tavi mamlayinwurad,<br />

ukacravad pasuxia da, cota xulignurad daiWira, amasac<br />

versad gaveqceviT.<br />

saakaSvilis (da yvela wina) xelisufleba xSirad xazs<br />

usvams saqarTvelos geografiul mdebareobas msoflio<br />

rukaze. darwmunebulia, rom es mniSvnelovani da sakmarisi<br />

koziria ruseT-amerikisTana partniorebTan TamaSisas.<br />

ucnauria, rom qarTvel politikosebs am rukaze ar undaT<br />

dainaxon saqarTvelos uaxloesi garemocva da ruseT-amerikis<br />

`sasicocxlo interesebi~ maxlobel aRmosavleT-<br />

Tan dakavSirebiT. Zalian ubralo ambavia: Tu ruseTi da<br />

amerika iranis Taobaze erTmaneTSi garigdnen, `megobar~<br />

cicqna saqarTvelos mimarT zustad imdeni interesi dar-<br />

Ceba, ramdenic aqvs mas sxva nebismieri metnaklebad `mziuri~<br />

da cota veluri qveynisadmi, sadac kargi cekva-TamaSi<br />

ician, kargad svamen da ekzotikur xinkalsac kargad ake-<br />

Teben. xolo, RmerTma dagvifaros da, Tu ver garigdnen,<br />

anu amerikam muqara Seasrula da iranSi amerikuli demokratiis<br />

saeqsportod `megobari~ saqarTvelos teritoria<br />

gamoiyena, saqarTvelos arseboba amerikuli bombdamSenebis<br />

iranuli operaciidan dabrunebisTanave damTavrdeba.<br />

kavkasiaSi saqarTvelos oriode potenciuri mokavSi-<br />

345

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e hyavs _ somxeTi, azerbaijani da CrdiloeT oseTi. 2006<br />

wlis gadasaxedidan, osebTan srulfasovan TanamSromlobaze<br />

saubari sakmaod Soreuli perspeqtivis ambavia.<br />

somxeTi Cveni `mosisxle mtris~, ruseTis Zma, megobari da<br />

strategiuli partnioria. azerbaijanis politika saqar-<br />

Tvelosadmi, karis mezoblis pirobaze, sakmaod civi da<br />

oficialuria (Tumca, amas saakaSvilis xelisufleba principulad<br />

ar imCnevs).<br />

faqtia, rom ruseTis avtoriteti msoflioSi kolosaluria.<br />

kidev ufro sainteresoa, rom igi zrdis tendenciiT<br />

gamoirCeva. ruseTi sWirdeba msoflios, ruseTs<br />

ufrTxian da pativs scemen _ evropaSic da amerikaSic! ruseTze<br />

bevradaa damokidebuli saqarTvelos teritoriuli<br />

mTlianoba, ekonomikis aRmavloba da, aqedan gamomdinare,<br />

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrioba.<br />

ai, am ruseTs Cveni bibliuri `biW-buWebiT~ dakompleqtebuli<br />

xelisufleba kriWaSi udgas, gamudmebiT utevs da<br />

zedized `zeimobs~ masze ritualur gamarjvebebs (naxeT,<br />

saakaSvilma ra Tqva?! Bbokeriam rusebi miwasTan gaaswora!..<br />

sainformacio omi movigeT! ruseTis namdvili saxe msoflios<br />

davanaxeT!).<br />

im dros, roca saqarTvelos xelisufleba ruseTze morig<br />

`gamarjvebas~ zeimobs, Cveni xelisuflebis usaqcielobis<br />

gamo, ruseTi sazRvrebs gviketavs, Tavisi teritoriebidan<br />

qarTul saqonels da eTnikur qarTvelebs<br />

ubodiSod aZevebs, gazis fass gviZvirebs, saerTaSoriso<br />

masStabiT dauZlevel sirTuleebs gviqmnis, `msoflioSi<br />

uniWieres~ saqarTvelos saxelisuflo gunds axal-axali<br />

umZimesi Secdomebisken ubiZgebs...<br />

ruseTis saxiT, saqarTvelom dakarga ara mxolod<br />

udidesi da uZlieresi samxedro da biznes partniori,<br />

ara mxolod usazRvro gasaRebis bazari, aramed dakarga<br />

marTlmadidebeli kulturis matarebeli uzarmazari<br />

qveyana, bunebrivi mokavSire, erTaderTi dasayrdeni<br />

sakuTari marTlmadidebluri kulturis da, Sesabamisad,<br />

erovnuli TviTmyofadobis gadasarCenad. kidev er-<br />

Txel gavimeoreb _ es moxda XXI saukunis damdegs!<br />

orasi wlis winaT uzarmazarma rusulma piTonma mar-<br />

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Tlac gadaylapa patara saqarTvelo, sakuTar sxeulSi<br />

gaaTbo, moaRoniera, gamozarda da ukanve gadmoagdo. Tan<br />

rkinigzebi, skolebi, biblioTekebi, Teatrebi, universitetebi,<br />

mecnierebi, laboratoriebi, aeroportebi, iara-<br />

Ris sawyobebi, generlebi, partiebi da ideebi amoayola.<br />

TxuTmetwliani damoukideblobis ganmavlobaSi saqar-<br />

Tvelom sakuTari ekonomikuri potencialis ganadgurebac<br />

moaswro da rusuli amagis pirwmindad daviwyebac. rusulis<br />

nacvlad axla sakuTari nebiT ybaSi Turqul piTons Cauvarda.<br />

isic neba-neba Seeqceva nugbar lukmas da ise moinelebs,<br />

nasaxsac ar datovebs. mere ki rusi, arabi da amerikeli mecnierebi<br />

erToblivad daiwyeben qarTvelTa nakvalevis Zebna-Seswavlas<br />

naqarTvelar samxreT kavkasiaSi.<br />

sainteresoa, rom ruseTTan urTierTobis sakiTxSi xelisuflebam<br />

da misma radikalurma opoziciam sakvirveli<br />

erTsulovneba gamoaCina. metic, opozicia, romelic xelisuflebis<br />

TiTqmis yvela nabijs iwunebda, ruseTTan kidev<br />

ufro mkacri da kategoriuli politikis momxre aRmoCnda.<br />

xelisufleba-opoziciis gaerTianebulma ugunurebam<br />

erTaderTi gamosavali dainaxa: saqarTvelos mosaxleobam<br />

unda gaiWirvos, gauZlos SimSils, sicives, usamarTlobas.<br />

samagierod, odesme uTuod SevalT prestiJul samxedro<br />

blok NATO-Si da mTeli saqarTvelo foCiani kanfetebiT,<br />

xalviT, rahaT-luxumiT, hamerebiT da lamazi mulati bozebiT<br />

aivseba!<br />

sakuTar karieraze TavdaviwyebiT Seyvarebuli politikosebis<br />

garda, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis didi umravlesoba<br />

ruseTTan keTilmezobluri, urTierTdamTmobi, rbili<br />

politikis da odindeli biznes-kavSirebis aRdgenis momxre<br />

iyo da aris. brZenma qarTvelma kacma icis, rom karis mezobelTan<br />

daubreba, Cxubi, ayal-mayali da Zveli codvebis wamoZaxeba<br />

ar SeiZleba. maSinac ki ar SeiZleba, Tu im mezobels<br />

arafriT ar Camouvardebi da umisodac iolad gaxval. xolo<br />

Tu Seni suli, momavali, siTbo da sinaTle im Zlieri mezoblis<br />

xelSia da masTan saCxubrad Soreuli da ucxo axalgamoCekili<br />

Zmakacis imedad midixar, Seni saqme wasulia _ ise<br />

gaisrisebi, rogorc kozaki aqlemebis CxubSi.<br />

XXI saukunis rusul-qarTuli politikisadmi qarTuli<br />

347

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Jurnalistikis damokidebuleba qalwulebrivad kdemamosili<br />

aRmoCnda. es kdemamosileba gamJRavnda qarTuli da<br />

ara rusuli politikisadmi damokidebulebaSi. amis asaxsnelad,<br />

albaT, kidev erTxel unda gavixsenoT, zogadad, Tavisuflebis<br />

da, kerZod, presis Tavisuflebis problema.<br />

qarTul mediaze, rogorc Cans, damTrgunvelad imoqmeda<br />

sakuTari arasrulfasovnebis kompleqsma. warmoidgina,<br />

rom Tu qarTul-rusul urTierTobaze simarTles ityoda,<br />

es laCrobad an antisaxelmwifoebriv qmedebad CaeTvleboda.<br />

sabWoTa istorias rom Tavi davaneboT, 1989 wlis<br />

9 aprils TbilisSi datrialebuli tragedia ruseTTan,<br />

rusul armiasTan, rus jariskacTan gaigivda. e. w. `erovnuli<br />

moZraobis~ liderTa udidesma umravlesobam popularoba<br />

swored abstraqtuli `rusis~ mxilebiT da daundobeli<br />

lanZRva-ginebiT moipova. qarTuli revoluciuri<br />

da, nawilobriv, misi winamorbedi mTavrobebic yvela Cveni<br />

ubedurebis saTaved `russ~ saxavdnen. es stereotipi qar-<br />

Tul Jurnalistikas, etyoba, mZime tvirTad daawva da igi<br />

sakuTari warmodgenebis tyveobaSi aRmoCnda. ra Tqma unda,<br />

Tavisi gaakeTa revoluciuri xelisuflebis umZlavresma<br />

propagandistulma manqanamac _ qarTuli Jurnalistika<br />

rus reaqcioner politikosebTan da maT mxardamWer JurnalistebTan<br />

usagno, arafrismomcemi kinklaobis WaobSi<br />

Caeflo. qarTveli Jurnalistebi cecxliviT ufrTxodnen<br />

am Temaze (politikuri) opoziciis warmomadgenlebTan<br />

polemikasac _ vaiTu vinmes maT simamaceSi eWvi Seetana da<br />

xelisuflebasTan `garigeba~ daewamebina! yvelaferi es SesaniSnavad<br />

gamoCnda im periodis satelevizio politikur<br />

SouebSi (romelTa profesiuli done veraviTar kritikas<br />

ver uZlebs) da sagazeTo statiebSi. samwuxarod, oriode<br />

Jurnalistis Tavgamodeba saerTo suraTis Sesacvlelad<br />

sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda.<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am periodis qarTuli Jurnalistika,<br />

pirdapiri gagebiT, `gabavSvda~. seriozuli analizis<br />

adgili umaqnisma enakvimatobam da faqtebis meqanikurma<br />

gadamRerebam daikava.<br />

qarTuli Jurnalistika sazogadoebrivi azris warmmar-<br />

Tvelis da `politikuri modis~ kanonmdebelis nacvlad,<br />

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faqtebis ubralo aRmnusxvelad da movlenaTa pasiur<br />

damkvirveblad iqca. bunebrivia, vgulisxmob, obieqturobis<br />

pretenziis mqone presisa da eleqtronuli mediis warmomadgenlebs,<br />

romelTa raodenoba xelisuflebis mxardamWer<br />

e. w. `mdumare JurnalistebTan~ SedarebiT mudam<br />

gacilebiT mcirea.<br />

isic unda iTqvas, rom Jurnalistebi, tradiciulad, galiaSi<br />

(Tundac, oqrosi) yofnas didi xniT ver eguebian da<br />

adre Tu gvian maTi `saSineli gamoRviZeba~ (galaktioni) gardauvalia.<br />

upirveles yovlisa, es leTargiuli ZiliT Sepyrobil<br />

qarTul saxelisuflo satelevizio arxebs (sazogadoebrivi<br />

mauwyebeli, rusTavi-2, mze, aWara, alania...) exeba.<br />

iqneb vcdebi kidec, magram XXI saukunis qarTuli Jurnalistikis<br />

agresiuli `mdumareba~, dezorganizacia, arsebuli<br />

safrTxeebis winaSe panikuri SiSic, saqarTvelos mravalsaukunovani<br />

usaxelmwifoebriobis brali unda iyos _<br />

Tu gulSi Rrmad CavixedavT, uTuod davinaxavT, rom Cven,<br />

saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa umravlesobas, ar gvaqvs samSoblos<br />

gancda. ufro zustad, samSoblo mxolod sadRegr-<br />

ZeloebSi gviyvars. rac Seexeba xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs,<br />

isini samSoblos Cvenze metad afaseben, radgan<br />

igi sakuTari politikuri da biznes ambiciebis dakmayofilebis<br />

saSualebad miaCniaT.<br />

makiavelis* moraliT<br />

1469 wlis sam maiss florenciaSi, gaRaribebuli aristokratis<br />

ojaxSi daibada adamiani, visac bedad ewera samudamo<br />

da gansakuTrebuli adgili daekavebina msoflio<br />

politikis, filosofiis da diplomatiis istoriaSi.<br />

meTeqvsmete saukunis 30-iani wlebis dasawyisidan, mas<br />

Semdeg, rac pirvelad gamoqveynda misi naSromebi, ar wydeba<br />

mZafri kamaTi am kacis moralze, RvTismgmobelobaze,<br />

patriotizmze, cinizmze da genialobaze. mas aRmerTeben,<br />

akritikeben da lafs esvrian; igi uyvarT da sZulT; mis saxels<br />

dResac krZalviT ixsenieben is adamianebic ki, visac<br />

misi naSromebis Sesaxeb yurmokvriT Tu gaugia.<br />

349

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am kacis saxelia nikolo di bernardo makiaveli.<br />

legendad qceul makiavelis yvela epoqaSi da yvela qveyanaSi<br />

maqebarze, TanamgrZnobze da neitralur interpretatorze<br />

meti mqirdavi da maginebeli hyavda. es arc mis<br />

Rirsebas akninebs da arc misi kaikacobis niSnad gamodgeba.<br />

Tumca, erTi ramis gaTvaliswineba namdvilad ar gvawyenda:<br />

nikolo makiaveli CagrulTa meoxad da proletariatis<br />

interesebisTvis Tavdadebul mebrZolad miaCndaT marqsizmis<br />

`klasikosebs~ da, bunebrivia, sabWoTa istoriografiasac.<br />

marTalia, am genialurad ubralo moazrovnis<br />

Semoqmedebaze dawvrilebiT saubris saSualeba aq ar gveqneba,<br />

magram, albaT, am ucnauri siyvarulis namdvil mizezs<br />

naTqvamidanac iolad daaskvniT.<br />

makiavelisTvis adamianTa samyaro or nawilad iyofa;<br />

rCeulebi (zeadamianebi), romlebmac unda marTon; da absoluturi<br />

umravlesoba, romelic unda imarTos.<br />

`zeadamianma~ icis, rom adamianTa umravlesoba umaduri,<br />

matyuara, TvalTmaqci, gulSavi, xarbi, qedmaRali, gaiZvera<br />

da uvicia. maT gverdiT arseboben agreTve qristianuli<br />

moralis usazRvrod pativismcemeli, religiuri fanatizmiT<br />

an religiuri eqstremizmiT Sepyrobilnic. adamianebs<br />

ar adardebT Tavisufleba, radgan maTTvis pirovnebis saxeli<br />

realobaze Zvirad, xolo Tavisufleba sakuTrebaze<br />

da SurisZiebis wyurvilze iafad fasobs. isic SesaniSnavad<br />

icis, rom adamiani unda garyvna, rom mere misi marTva gagiioldes.<br />

Tanac, adamianis garyvna xom ase advilia! marTalia,<br />

arsebobis ufleba yvelas aqvs, magram sazogadoebis<br />

marTva, Zlieri, mdidari, bednieri `samTavrosken~ xalxis<br />

gaZRola da aRTqmul miznamde miyvana mxolod rCeulis,<br />

`zeadamianis~ xvedria.<br />

`bednieri samTavrosken~ mimavali mmarTvelisTvis,<br />

makiavelis azriT, codna aucilebelia _ kargi qveyana rom<br />

aaSeno, unda icode, rogor unda aaSeno. sxvaTa Soris, zustad<br />

am azrs sityvasityviT imeorebs meoce saukunis udidesi<br />

`zeadamiani~, ioseb stalini: rom aSeno, unda icode,<br />

rom icode, unda iswavlo! Tu stalinis moRvaweobas, misi<br />

marTvis meTodebs, mis mier Seqmnil sammarTvelo reJims<br />

gadavxedavT da axlaxan rom vTqvi, iseT gamonaTqvameb-<br />

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sac gavixsenebT, davaskvniT, rom igi brwyinvaled icnobda<br />

makiavelis (da aramarto mis) moZRvrebas. rac mTavaria,<br />

es moZRvreba iyo umZlavresi iaraRi civi gonebis da civsisxliani<br />

diqtatoris xelSi _ man Seqmna msoflio `samTavro~,<br />

romlis bolomde dangreva diqtatoris gardacvalebidan<br />

ormocdaaTi wlis Semdegac ki ver moxerxda. makiavelis<br />

saTayvano Cezare borjia* stalinTan SedarebiT mama<br />

abramis batkania. sabWoTa imperia rom enaxa, darwmunebuli<br />

var, makiaveli Zalian iamayebda Tavisi moZRvrebiT.<br />

Mmorali makiavelis miaCnia ara TavisTavad arsebul, aramed<br />

raRac damxmare Rirebulebad Zlieri saxelmwifosken<br />

mimaval gzaze. kargad struqturirebuli, Zlieri saxelmwifo,<br />

misi azriT, Tavad aris morali. ufro martivad _<br />

morali aris saxelmwifos samsaxuri, simtkice, simamace,<br />

wesrigi, stabiluroba. xolo TanagrZnoba, gulmowyaleba,<br />

msxverplis gaReba, miteveba, xorciel siamovnebaze uaris<br />

Tqma, sulierebaze zrunva, saiqio cxovrebis rwmena _ arafris<br />

maqnisi qristianuli idealebia.<br />

misi azriT, tradiciuli qristianuli idealebis mimdevari<br />

adamianebi mxolod maSin SeZlebdnen Zlieri saxelmwifos<br />

aSenebas da marTvas, qveyanaSi yvela adamiani aseTi<br />

(qristianuli moralis matarebeli) rom yofiliyo. vinaidan<br />

adamianebi ar arian da, samwuxarod, arc odesme gaxdebian<br />

aseTebi, maT lagami unda amosdo!<br />

adamianebi unda ganvixiloT iseTebad, rogorebic isini<br />

arian, xolo maTi ganviTarebis gzebi unda veZeboT SesaZleblis<br />

da ara SeuZleblis sazRvrebSi.<br />

aseTia makiavelis morali, romelsac wuns ver dasdeb.<br />

Cveni dedamiwa mxolod marTlmorwmune qristianebiT rom<br />

yofiliyo dasaxlebuli, dapirispirebebi da omebi mainc<br />

ar agvcdeboda, radgan yvela qristiani marTlac ar aris<br />

qristianulad znekeTili. ampartavnoba, Suri, mucelRmerToba,<br />

avxorcoba, sixarbe da sxva mankierebani adamianis<br />

iseTive ganuyofeli Tvisebebia, rogoric miteveba, uangaroba,<br />

guluxvoba, sasoeba da WirTaTmena.<br />

magram saqmec is aris, rom Tavisi am `swori~ moZRvrebiT,<br />

makiaveli qadagebs `Zlieri~, Cveulebriv adamianur SesaZleblobebze<br />

maRla mdgomi pirovnebebis upiratesobas.<br />

351

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misi azriT, saxelmwifos marTvaSi upiratesoba eniWeba ara<br />

sistemas (magaliTad, marTvis liberalur-demokratiul<br />

sistemas), samarTals, aramed pirovnebas, `zeadamians~.<br />

rigiTi mokvdavi, aseT SemTxvevaSi, aris ara saxelmwifos<br />

marTvaSi monawile sazogadoebis Rirseuli wevri, aramed<br />

upirovno masis Semadgeneli nawili.<br />

makiavelis ainteresebs saxelmwifo saqmeebi: qveynis<br />

usafrTxoeba, warmateba, dideba, Zliereba; miwieri da ara<br />

zecieri bedniereba; warsulze myarad mdgari awmyo da momavali;<br />

realuri da ara warmosaxviTi samyaro. igi darwmunebulia,<br />

rom vinaidan adamiani ar aris is, rasac qristianuli<br />

morali moiTxovs, xSirad aucilebelia mis mimarT<br />

sastiki mopyroba.<br />

Tu Cemi azri gainteresebT, im mecnierebs vemxrobi, visac<br />

miaCniaT, rom, Tumca makiaveli sisastikis aucileblobas<br />

da eklesiis ususurobas (Zalian rbilad rom vTqvaT)<br />

qadagebs, igi ar aris amoraluri _ ubralod, gonebamaxvili<br />

damkvirvebelia da aRwers imas, rac realur cxovrebaSi<br />

namdvilad arsebobs.<br />

swored Tavisi Semzaravi ubraloebis gamo aris makiavelis<br />

moZRvreba ase momxiblavi `revoluciiT nawrTobi~<br />

metismetad energiuli, `istoriaSi jer arnaxuli~ saxelmwifos<br />

mSeneblobis ideiT Sepyrobili `mesame samyaros~<br />

mmarTvelebisTvis. miT ufro, rom Zaladobis, usindisobis,<br />

orpirobis, farisevlobis gamarTleba, Tundac saku-<br />

Tari mSieri Tanamoqalaqeebis TvalSi, yovelTvis SeiZleba<br />

samSobloze da xalxze zrunvis motiviT.<br />

samagierod, xalxisTvisac da Tavad konkretuli mmar-<br />

TvelisTvisac, sakmaod rTuli asaxsnelia is faqti, rom<br />

sisastike, ramac cxraasze meti wlis Semdeg wmindanis saxeli<br />

moutana daviT aRmaSenebels, sruliad gamousadegaria<br />

XXI saukunis demokratiulobaze pretenziis mqone xelisuflisTvis.<br />

dRevandelobaSi gadmotanili makiavelisturi<br />

marTvis principebi ganuxorcielebeli da amazrzenia.<br />

makiaveli moralis or standarts gvTavazobs: SegiZlia<br />

airCio cxovrebis zneobrivi gza, icxovro, rogorc erTma<br />

znekeTilma kerZo pirma, ganerido sazogadoebas da ipovno<br />

kidec Seni patara kuTxe. aseT SemTxvevaSi, verasdros<br />

352

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ver ikisreb pasuxismgeblobas sxva adamianebis cxovrebaze<br />

da ar geqneba raime seriozuli warmatebis Sansi. materialuri<br />

TvalsazrisiT, mzad unda iyo ugulebelyofisa,<br />

an, sulac, ganadgurebisTvis.<br />

xolo Tu ginda, moipovo didi warmatebebi, gavlena da<br />

Zalaufleba, unda daiviwyo `dampali qristianuli morali~<br />

da miaRwio mizans, Tundac, zRva sisxlis fasad.<br />

aqedan gamomdinare, arsebobs ori kategoriuli moraluri<br />

kodeqsi _ piradi cxovrebisa da sazogadoebrivi<br />

organizaciis (saxelmwifos) cxovrebisa. am or urTierT<br />

dapirispirebul RirebulebaTa sistemas Soris adamianma<br />

erT-erTi unda airCios.<br />

imisTvis, vinc sazogadoebrivi organizaciis cxovrebis<br />

moralis sasargeblod ukve gaakeTa arCevani, makiavelis<br />

Tavisi utyuari receptebi aqvs. kerZod, igi erT-erTi<br />

provinciis dampyrobels urCevs, dapyrobil teritoriaze<br />

gadaakeTos yvelaferi: daawesos axali mmarTveloba axali<br />

samarTliTa da axali adamianebiT; bibliuri daviTis<br />

msgavsad, gaaRatakos mdidrebi da gaamdidros Ratakebi;<br />

daangrios Zveli qalaqebi da aagos axlebi; xalxs Seucvalos<br />

sacxovrebeli adgilebi; qveyanaSi Zvel adgilas ar<br />

datovos arc saxeli, arc wodeba, arc dawesebuleba, arc<br />

Tanamdeboba _ araferi, rac dakavSirebuli ar iqneba<br />

axal mmarTvelTan (anu dakavSirebuli iqneba winamorbedebTan).<br />

amgvari qmedebis sisworis dasadastureblad makiaveli<br />

filipe makedonelis moRvaweobas iSveliebs da, rasakvirvelia,<br />

savsebiT samarTlianadac.<br />

vfiqrob, arc me Sevcdebi, Tu amgvari qmedebebis sailustraciod<br />

makiavelis gardacvalebidan (1527 w.) oTxasi<br />

wlis Semdeg ganviTarebul movlenebs da pirovnebebs moviSvelieb.<br />

`didi oqtombris socialisturma revoluciam~ dedamiwis<br />

erT meeqvsedze marTlac qva qvaze ar datova _ cecxliT<br />

da maxviliT gadauara gigantur sivrceebs; pirwmindad<br />

daangria mmarTvelobis arsebuli sistemebi, qalaqebi<br />

da soflebi; Zveli dasaxlebebi axlebiT Secvala; axali<br />

qalaqebi aaSena, axali `religia~ (leninizmi) gamoigona;<br />

353

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axali sakulto nagebobebi aago; mmarTvelobis manamde<br />

arnaxuli sistema danerga; waSala yvelaferi, rac Zvels,<br />

tradiciuls ukavSirdeboda; gaanadgura milionobiT adamiani;<br />

faqtobrivad, mospo sazogadoebis moazrovne nawili<br />

_ inteligencia; revoluciis, anu xalxis saxeliT agreTve<br />

fizikurad mospo sazogadoebis SeZlebuli fena...<br />

amis sulisCamdgmeli iyo `mSobliuri~ komunisturi<br />

partia-hegemoni ioseb stalinis meTaurobiT.<br />

amave periodSi zustad igive gaakeTa germanulma nacional-socialisturma<br />

partiam `Cemi fiureris~ (mein Führer),<br />

adolf hitleris meTaurobiT.<br />

arc CineTis, vietnamis, koreis, kubis, libiis, Turqmene-<br />

Tis, kidev bevri sxva qveynis magaliTebis da pirovnebebis<br />

daviwyeba Rirs: mao Ze duni, xo Si mini, kim ir seni, fidel<br />

kastro da mravali sxva. arCevani calsaxad da uyoymanod<br />

gaakeTa prezidentma saakaSvilmac: XXI saukunis saqarTvelos<br />

mosaxleobis SemecnebaSi xelisufleba jiutad nergavda<br />

socialur-politikur miTs, rom saqarTvelos istoria<br />

iwyeba 2003 wlis 23 noembris `vardebis revoluciidan~;<br />

quCebs da moednebs daerqva `sworupovar~ revolucionerpolitikosTa<br />

saxelebi; aigo grandiozuli Zeglebi; daidga<br />

grandiozuli speqtaklebi; gamocxva grandiozuli<br />

xaWapuri; Seiqmna axali saxelmwifo simbolika; waiSala<br />

mmarTvelobis `revoluciamdeli~ sistemis nakvalevi; Seicvala<br />

konstitucia; daiwyo dausrulebel sakadro gadaadgilebaTa<br />

cieb-cxeleba yvela saxelmwifo dawesebulebis<br />

yvela doneze; dadga wmendebis, dapatimrebebis, SekveTili<br />

da politikuri mkvlelobebis epoqa...<br />

brZeni makiaveli mmarTvels urCevs, yvela `didi~ saqme<br />

xalxis saxeliT akeTos. amis iuridiuli ufleba rom gqondes,<br />

xalxma beladad TviTon unda agirCios, Tanac, xmis<br />

uflebis mqoneTa rac SeiZleba didma raodenobam.<br />

komunistur sabWoeTSic da nacistur germaniaSic<br />

did-patara `beladebs~ xmebis absoluturi umravlesobiT<br />

irCevdnen. yovel SemTxvevaSi, xmebs aseTi proporciiT<br />

iTvlidnen. es xelisuflebas mxolod xalxis<br />

saxeliT samoqmedod da sakuTari danaSaulis xalxze<br />

gadakisrebis mizniT sWirdeba. mxolod asea SesaZlebeli<br />

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saxelmwifos, xalxis, partiis, beladis cnebebis gaigiveba<br />

(sabWoeTi_skkp_sabWoTa xalxi_stalini) da usazRvro<br />

TviTnebobisken xelisufals gza xsnili aqvs. saakaSvilis<br />

`Cveni gundic~ sxva araferia _ saqarTvelo_xalxi_nacmoZraoba_miSa.<br />

aqedan gamomdinare, xelisuflebis mier<br />

Cadenili nebismieri fantastiuri danaSaulis uSualo<br />

Camdenis aRmoCena, faqtobrivad, SeuZlebelia. amitomac<br />

eltvian mmarTvelebi makiavelis.<br />

saakaSvili Tavisi alRos, uzRvavi energiis, yovlisSemZle<br />

megobrebisa da misi udidebulesoba bedisweris wyalobiT,<br />

zustad saWiro dros aRmoCnda saWiro adgilas da er-<br />

TaderTi Sansi xelidan ar gauSva _ vladimer ulianovis<br />

msgavsad, umalve daepatrona xelisuflebas, romelic,<br />

Turme, `aRaravis aRar undoda~ (lenini). didi da msuqani<br />

Tevzis dasaWerad mas ar SeeSinda fexebis dasvelebisa; sanam<br />

sxvebi yoymanobdnen, gadawyvetileba miiRo da Seasrula<br />

kidec _ prezidentis savarZeli daisakuTra. danarCeni<br />

ukve `wvrilmani~ iyo. makiavelis moZRvrebis Tanaxmad,<br />

roca sazogadoebis gardaqmnas daiwyeb, igi unda gaagrZelo<br />

nebismieri saSualebiT: yovelgvari yoymani, Seferxeba,<br />

ukan daxeva, sindisis qenjna dasaxuli miznis Ralats da,<br />

Sesabamisad, damarcxebas niSnavs. saakaSvils xelis gulze<br />

edo inteligent mixail gorbaCovis mware gamocdileba da<br />

man is ar gaimeora. roca eqimoba ginda, profesionali unda<br />

iyo _ Tu saWiroa, unda amoSanTo da unda amokveTo kidec,<br />

pacientis vaebam da konvulsiebma guli ar unda agiCuyos.<br />

dandoba, gulkeTiloba, miteveba, sasoeba da qristianuli<br />

moralis mier aRiarebuli sxva Rirebulebani, icocxleT,<br />

kargia, magram isini absoluturad gamousadegaria<br />

makiavelis `mTavrisTvis~, anu saakaSvilisa da misi `Cveni<br />

gundisTvis~. saakaSvilma arCevani gaakeTa da amis Semdeg<br />

ukan mixedva mis ueWvel daRupvas niSnavda. Tumca, ise nu<br />

gavigebT, TiTqos misi `Cveni gundi~ qristianuli moralis<br />

arsebobas ar aRiarebda. aRiarebda kidec da yovelnairad<br />

cdilobda, qveynis moqalaqeebs swored am moralis moTxovnaTa<br />

zedmiwevniT dacviT ecxovraT. ubralod, TviTon ar<br />

SeeZlo am moraliT cxovreba.<br />

TiTqmis xuTi saukunea, rac kacobriobas sZuls niko-<br />

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lo makiaveli (fridrix didi* mas `adamianTa modgmis uborotes<br />

mters~ uwodebda). Tanamedrove demokratiuli<br />

mmarTvelobebisTvis erTmniSvnelovnad miuRebelia misi<br />

moZRvreba. mis Segonebebs ironiulad uyureben TviT buSi<br />

umcrosis tipis demokratebi. magram Tu saqme Zalauflebas<br />

exeba, makiavelis maqsimebi erTbaSad momxiblav da aucilebel<br />

Segonebebad gadaiqceva. TviT aseTebic ki:<br />

_ viTarebis Sesabamisad, unda gamoiyenoT teroric<br />

da gamoiCinoT gulmowyalebac;<br />

_ rogorc wesi, sisastike ufro efeqturia, magram<br />

keTili nayofi zogjer humanurobasac moaqvs;<br />

_ unda daTesoT SiSi, magram arasodes _ siZulvili,<br />

radgan, sabolood, siZulvils Tqveni ganadgureba<br />

SeuZlia;<br />

_ umjobesia, adamianebi mudmiv gaWirvebaSi da ganuwyveteli<br />

omebis SiSSi amyofo: es mogaSorebs namdvili<br />

morCilebis or umTavres mters _ pativmoyvareobas da<br />

mowyenilobas. _ Tanac, Tqvens qveSevrdomebs mudmivad<br />

eqnebaT didi winamZRolis moTxovnileba;<br />

_ Tu ginda, rom mowyaleba gasce, umjobesia, es Tvi-<br />

Ton gaakeTo, binZuri saqmis keTeba ki sxvebs daavalo:<br />

xalxi daadanaSaulebs maT da ara xelisufals. xelisufali<br />

mowonebas daimsaxurebs, Tu (binZuri saqmis mkeTeblebs)<br />

droulad daayrevinebs Tavebs, radgan adamianebi<br />

SurisZiebas da usafrTxoebas Tavisuflebaze maRla<br />

ayeneben;<br />

_ akeTe is, rasac ginda rom akeTebde, magram Tavi ise<br />

moaCvene, TiTqos amas xalxis sakeTildReod akeTeb;<br />

_ Tu danaSaulis Cadenas apireb, amis Sesaxeb winaswar<br />

nu gamoacxadeb, radgan mtrebi manamde gaganadgureben,<br />

vidre Sen moaswrebde maT ganadgurebas;<br />

_ nu Semoikreb metismetad gavlenian msaxurebs _<br />

sjobs Tavidan moiSoro Zlevamosili generlebi, Torem<br />

isini mogiSoreben Sen;<br />

_ adamianebi an unda moTaflo, an unda gaanadguro;<br />

mSvidobismoyvare da neitraluri politika yovelTvis<br />

damRupvelia;<br />

_ adamianebi manam ecdebian Sens motyuebas, sanam maT<br />

356

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simarTlis Tqmas ar aiZuleb, anu sanam ar Seqmni iseT vi-<br />

Tarebas, roca tyuili wamgebiania...<br />

aseTi magaliTebi tipiuria `eSmakTan wilnayari~ (isaia<br />

berlini*) nikolo makiavelisTvis. isini iqneb mcdaria, sa-<br />

SiSia, sazizRaric kia, magram absoluturad gulwrfelia.<br />

mTeli misi moZRvrebis arsi oriode sityviT ase SeiZleba<br />

gadmoices: diadi miznis misaRwevad _ idealuri saxelmwifos<br />

da sazogadoebis asaSeneblad _ yvela gza gamar-<br />

Tlebulia, maT Soris, gvamebis mTebze gadavlac.<br />

ase iqceoda yvela didi mmarTveli solomon brZenidan*<br />

sadam huseinamde. gadaSaleT Zvel istorikosTa wignebi da,<br />

Tundac, biblia _ isini ar kicxaven amgvar qmedebas, piriqiT,<br />

mas misabaZ magaliTad saxaven. hkiTxeT makedonelis*,<br />

iulius keisris*, napoleonis, stalinis, Tundac, daviT<br />

aRmaSeneblis Tayvanismcemlebs da isini, Tqveni uvicobiT<br />

da intriganobiT aRSfoTebulebi, oriod wuTSi `dagisabuTeben~<br />

makiavelis moZRvrebis WeSmaritebas. Tanac, am<br />

adamianebs sakuTari Tavi Rrmad morwmune qristianebad da<br />

qristianuli moralis Tayvanismcemlebad miaCniaT.<br />

bolo xuTasi wlis ganmavlobaSi makiavelis moralze<br />

Zalian bevri Tqmula da dawerila. es aris Tavisi ubraloebiT<br />

SemaZrwunebeli da Zalze efeqturi kacTmoZule<br />

Teoria. makiavelis `mTavari~, `msjelobani~, iq mocemuli<br />

maqsimebi dResac bevr mmarTvels umRvrevs gonebas da `kacobriobis<br />

gakeTilSobilebisTvis~ brZolis sababiT, xelisuflebis<br />

uzurpaciis, diqtatoruli reJimis damyarebisa<br />

da sazareli danaSaulobebis Cadenisken ubiZgebs.<br />

kidev erTxel visargebleb Tqveni moTminebiT da kidev<br />

erTxel gavimeoreb: sulac ara var darwmunebuli, rom<br />

piradad prezidenti saakaSvili da misi `Cveni gundis~ wevrebi<br />

zedmiwevniT icnobdnen nikolo makiavelis, Tomas<br />

hobsis, Toma akvinelis* an sxvaTa Teoriebs da yvelafers<br />

zustad maTi moZRvrebis mixedviT akeTebdnen.<br />

fundamenturi gansxvavebac makiaveliseul marTvis<br />

Teoriasa (albaT, sjobs, principebi vuwodoT) da XXI<br />

saukunis saqarTvelos mmarTvelobiT reJims Sors swored<br />

aq unda veZeboT. marTalia, saakaSvili cdilobda TiTqmis<br />

zustad gadmoeRo xuTi saukunis winaT Seqmnili Teoria,<br />

357

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magram es ver moaxerxa erTi ubralo, magram Zalian mniSvnelovani<br />

mizezis gamo _ saakaSvils da mis `Cvens gunds~<br />

ar amoZravebdaT Zlieri, ayvavebuli, mdidari `samTavros~<br />

Seqmnis diadi mizani. maT ainteresebdaT `Zalaufleba ZalauflebisTvis~<br />

da cxovreba politikis xarjze. aqedan<br />

gamomdinare, makiavelic ainteresebdaT mxolod imdRevandeli<br />

gadasaxedidan. nu daviviwyebT, zogadad, saakaSvilis<br />

xelisuflebis ukidures gamoucdelobas, demokratobanas<br />

TamaSis survils da, mapatieT, uvicobasac. amitomaa, rom<br />

maT xelSi makiavelizmi ver iqca iseT mrisxane iaraRad,<br />

rogorc igi, SesaZloa, yofiliyo mizandasaxuli, Wkviani,<br />

gamocdili `Cveni gundis~ xelSi da, ra Tqma unda, sxva epoqaSi<br />

da sxva qveyanaSi.<br />

kacma rom Tqvas, nikolo makiavelis araferi ar aRmou-<br />

Cenia _ man, ubralod, Tqva is, rac iyo manamde, iyo mis epoqaSi,<br />

aris dRes da, samwuxarod, iqneba momavalSic. man kacobriobas<br />

mTeli sigrZe-siganiT daanaxa is, ris gamomzeurebas<br />

manamdec da mis Semdegac yvela tirani erideboda.<br />

makiavelis moswonda respublikuri wyoba da aTenuri<br />

respublikis msgavsi `samTavros~ Sesaqmnelad adamianTa<br />

msxverplad Sewirvazec uars ar ambobda. igi aRmerTebda<br />

Cezare borjias, espanuri warmoSobis aristokrats (romis<br />

papis, aleqsandre VI vaJiSvili), italiis gaerTianebis<br />

ideiT Sepyrobil da `florenciis respublikis~ Semqmnel<br />

adamians. axalgazrda makiavelim mis karze ToTxmeti wlis<br />

ganmavlobaSi iRvawa (`aTeulis~ sabWos wevrad) da, savaraudod,<br />

kacobriobis istoriaSi erT-erTi yvelaze sastiki<br />

tiranisTvis rCeva-darigebanic ar dauSurebia.<br />

***<br />

zemoT makiavelis uamravi Segonebidan aTiode moviSvelie.<br />

Tu moTmineba ar SemogeliaT, modi, kidev erTxel<br />

gavixsenoT maTgan ramdenime da qarTul sinamdviles mivusadagoT<br />

_ iqneb davadginoT, marTla makiavelis gziT<br />

iara Tu ara XXI saukunis damdegis saqarTvelos xelisuflebam.<br />

_ viTarebis Sesabamisad, unda gamoiyenoT teroric<br />

da gamoiCinoT gulmowyalebac.<br />

358

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qarTulma xelisuflebam, iseve, rogorc kacobriobis<br />

istoriaSi cnobilma yvela sxva revoluciurma xelisuflebam,<br />

moRvaweoba daiwyo swored teroriT. erTbaSad<br />

cixeebSi aRmoCnda wina xelisuflebis asobiT warmomadgeneli<br />

da TanamgrZnobi; mravalma aTasma Tavs gaqceviT<br />

uSvela. gansakuTrebiT TvalSisacemia egreT wodebuli<br />

`abaSiZis klanis~ ganadgureba. sinamdvileSi, es iyo sastiki<br />

SurisZieba ara aWaris mmarTvel `patara diqtator~<br />

aslan abaSiZeze da mis `ojaxze~ (siciliuri mafiis gagebiT),<br />

aramed mTlianad avtonomiur respublikaze da mis<br />

mosaxleobaze. revoluciurma xelisuflebam, upirveles<br />

yovlisa, samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT erTbaSad araraobad<br />

aqcia avtonomiis statusi, yvela saxelmwifoebrivad<br />

mniSvnelovan Tanamdebobaze ucnobi qarafSutebi daniSna,<br />

yvela mniSvnelovani komerciuli obieqti adgilobrivi<br />

mosaxleobis daukiTxavad gaasxvisa; vinc xmis amoReba<br />

gabeda, an daapatimra, an daaSina.<br />

aseTi qmedebiT saakaSvilis xelisuflebam aramarto<br />

Tavis iurisdiqciaSi arsebul teritoriaze, aramed afxazeTisa<br />

da samxreT oseTis `respublikebSi~ mcxovrebi moqalaqeebic<br />

daaterora da deda-saqarTvelos wiaRSi dabrunebis<br />

survili daukarga. vfiqrob, es iyo makiavelis am<br />

Segonebis gaukuRmarTebuli gagebiT gamowveuli sabediswero<br />

Secdoma. kerZod, makiaveli mmarTvels teroris gamoyenebas<br />

urCevs `viTarebis Sesabamisad~ da ara `nebismier<br />

viTarebaSi~. aRmoCnda, rom saakaSvilma icoda teroris<br />

gamoyenebis aucilebloba (anu makiavelis moZRvreba),<br />

magram ar icoda, ra viTarebaSi da rodis unda gamoeyenebina<br />

igi. rac Seexeba gulmowyalebas, rogorc Cans, TviTon<br />

saakaSvils da misi `Cemi gundis~ wevrebs makiavelis es Segoneba<br />

bolomde ar waekiTxaT, an gulmowyaleba ufaso sasadiloebis<br />

gaxsna egonaT.<br />

amasTan dakavSirebiT, erTi mravlismetyveli faqtis<br />

aRniSvnac Rirs. saaxalwlod, TbilisSi, meriis iniciativiT,<br />

ginesis wignis sakadrisi zoma-wonis xaWapuri gamoacxves.<br />

mSieri moqalaqeebi rigSi dilaadrian Cadgnen, magram<br />

xaWapuri mxolod 11 saaTisTvis gaiWra. meriis keTilmowyobis<br />

samsaxuris ymawvilma ufrosma telekamerebis win<br />

359

---

sakuTari xeliT CamoWra erTi zorba naWeri da... pirdapir<br />

xalxSi moisrola(!), zustad ise, rogorc mawanwala ZaRls<br />

gadaugdeben xolme lukmas. am simboluri JestiT xelisuflebam<br />

sakuTar Zlevamosilebas xazi gausva da sakuTar<br />

xalxs kidev erTxel mWevrmetyvelurad mianiSna, rom igi<br />

aris araraoba, upirovno masa, romelic mxolod amgvar<br />

`gulmowyalebas~ imsaxurebs.<br />

_ unda daTesoT SiSi, magram arasodes _ siZulvili,<br />

radgan, sabolood, siZulvils Tqveni ganadgureba Seu-<br />

Zlia.<br />

bevrjer vTqvi, rom revoluciurma xelisuflebam,<br />

upirveles yovlisa, Seqmna patara saqarTvelosTvis<br />

Seufereblad bumberazi represiuli aparati. kunTmagari<br />

niRbiani biWebis moulodnelma Tavdasxmebma komerciul<br />

ofisebze, restornebze da kafeebze; mitingebis da<br />

manifestaciebis, bazrobebisa da ltolvilTa TavSesafrebis,<br />

TviT sakulto dawesebulebebis umowyalo darbevebma<br />

saqarTvelos mTeli mosaxleoba SeaZrwuna. amas zed<br />

daerTo prezident saakaSvilis yovlad upasuxismgeblo<br />

gancxadebebi `nulovani tolerantobis~, anu sisastikisa<br />

da daundoblobis legalizaciaze, cvlilebebi sisxlis<br />

samarTlis da saproceso kodeqsebSi sasjelis damZimebis<br />

TvalsazrisiT; represiuli aparatis xelmZRvanelTa qeba<br />

msxverpliT damTavrebuli yoveli policiuri operaciis<br />

Semdeg. policiuri, sagamoZiebo, operatiuli, dazvervis<br />

da kontrdazvervis samsaxurebis gaerTianebiT miRebulma<br />

monstrma mTlianad gaanadgura samarTlebrivi sistema,<br />

yovelgvari funqcia daukarga sasamarTlos, prokuraturas<br />

da iusticiis saministros.<br />

xalxi CurCuliT, magram mainc, umaRlesi xelisuflis<br />

jer gamoucdelobaze, mere _ realobisadmi araadekvatur<br />

damokidebulebaze, mere _ siZulvilze alaparakda.<br />

saintereso da Zalze saxifaTo is iyo, rom es `CurCuli~<br />

(romelic xSirad xmamaRal lanZRva-ginebaSi gadadioda<br />

da teleekranebidan da Jurnal-gazeTebidanac sul ufro<br />

jiutad gaismoda), formalurad, prezidentamde ver aRwevda.<br />

ufro zustad, umaRles xelisufals Tavi ise eWira,<br />

TiTqos verc rames xedavda da arc rame esmoda.<br />

360

---

qarTulma xelisuflebam ver moaxerxa, sazogadoebaSi<br />

arsebuli xelisuflebisadmi SiSi xelisuflebisadmi si-<br />

ZulvilSi ar gadaezarda.<br />

_ umjobesia, adamianebi mudmiv gaWirvebaSi da ganuwyveteli<br />

omebis mdgomareobaSi amyofo: es mogaSorebs<br />

namdvili morCilebis or umTavres mters _ pativmoyvareobas<br />

da mowyenilobas. Tanac, Tqvens qveSevrdomebs<br />

mudmivad eqnebaT `didi winamZRolis~ moTxovnileba.<br />

am mxriv, saqarTveloSi idealuri viTareba Seiqmna<br />

_ moqalaqeTa oTxmoci procentze meti stabilurad<br />

gaWirvebul mdgomareobaSi, pativayrili da RirsebawarTmeuli<br />

aRmoCnda. metic, qveynis ukiduresi gaWirveba didi<br />

warmatebiT dabralda `erT ucxo saxelmwifos~ (prezident<br />

saakaSvilis terminia).<br />

sazogadoebaSi didi mondomebiT inergeboda azri, rom<br />

`ruseTTan molaparakeba SeuZlebelia, radgan... ruseTTan<br />

molaparakeba, saerTod, SeuZlebelia~. iqidan gamomdinare,<br />

rom ruseTis saxelmwifos dedamiwis sxva regionSi (magaliTad,<br />

antraqtidaSi) TviT saqarTvelos Zlevamosili<br />

`megobrebic~ ki ver gadaitanen, gamodis, rom Cveni qveynis<br />

gaWirvebac da saakaSvilis xelisuflebac maradiuli yofila!<br />

aseve maradiuli yofila saakaSvilis qveSevrdomTa<br />

moTxovnileba `did winamZRolze~.<br />

amave dros, teritoriuli problemebis avad Tu kargad<br />

gadawyvetamde saqarTvelo, formalurad mainc, omis pirobebSi<br />

rCeboda, rac idealur pirobebs uqmnida xelisuflebas.<br />

amitom igi ar cdilobda samSvidobo molaparakebebis<br />

gaaqtiurebas. piriqiT, saomari ritorikis gamZafrebiT<br />

arsebul uaRresad daZabul viTarebas inarCunebda<br />

_ man qveSecneulad icoda, rom omis damTavreba da mtris<br />

xatis gaqroba qarTul sazogadoebaSi xelisuflebisadmi<br />

protests gaaasmagebda.<br />

swored am istoriuli gamocdilebidan gamomdinare,<br />

SemiZlia TiTqmis asprocentiani albaTobiT vivaraudo,<br />

rom saakaSvilis xelisufleba, adre Tu gvian, iZulebuli<br />

gaxdeba, axal-axali mtrebi gamoigonos. Tu 2006 wlamde eseni<br />

iyvnen SevardnaZe da `misi klani~, biznesmenebi, opozicionerebi,<br />

Jurnalistebi, `Carecxili inteligencia,~<br />

361

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separatistebi, agentebi da moRalateebi, xval mTeli es<br />

galerea ueWvelad dakargavs aqtualobas _ aseTia istoriuli<br />

kanonzomiereba. sazogadoebis dasaSineblad, misi<br />

`pativmoyvreobisa da mowyenilobis dasaTrgunavad,~ did<br />

winamZRolze moTxovnilebis SesanarCuneblad aucilebeli<br />

iqneba axali Zlevamosili mtris xatis Seqmna. Tanac,<br />

es `mteri~ Cvenze bevrad aRmatebuli unda iyos. Mmxolod<br />

am SemTxvevaSi SeZlebs saakaSvilis xelisufleba Zalauflebis<br />

SenarCunebas. winaswarmetyvelis niWi sulac ar<br />

sWirdeba imis gamocnobas, vis airCevs `Cveni gundi~ saocnebo<br />

mtrad _ es iqneba putinis ruseTi.<br />

qarTuli revoluciuri xelisufleba movlenaTa mxolod<br />

amgvari ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi SeZlebs sakuTar<br />

qveyanaSi sazogadoebis morCilebisadmi protestis Cax-<br />

Sobas. Tumca, arsebobs ori didi safrTxec: gamogonili<br />

mtris realur mtrad gadaqceva da yovliswamlekavi socialuri<br />

afeTqeba. erTica da meorec, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi,<br />

gaurkveveli xniT gadaswevs saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobas,<br />

uares SemTxvevaSi _ miwis pirisgan samudamod<br />

aRgvis im politikur erTeuls, romelsac jer kidev saqarTvelo<br />

hqvia.<br />

_ Tu ginda, rom mowyaleba gasce, umjobesia, es Tvi-<br />

Ton gaakeTo; binZuri saqmis keTeba ki sxvebs daavalo:<br />

xalxi daadanaSaulebs maT da ara xelisufals. xelisufali<br />

mowonebas daimsaxurebs, Tu (binZuri saqmis mkeTeblebs)<br />

droulad daayrevinebs Tavebs, radgan adamianebi<br />

Tavisuflebaze maRla SurisZiebas da usafrTxoebas<br />

ayeneben.<br />

XXI saukunis damdegis saqarTvelos umaRlesi xelisufali<br />

zustad ase iqceoda _ sakuTari xeliT didi siamovnebiT<br />

gascemda mowyalebas, romelic isedac am xalxs ekuTvnoda<br />

_ uzarmazari represiuli aparatis meSveobiT atarebda<br />

rekviziciebs, debda saidumlo garigebebs saeWvod gamdidrebul<br />

adamianebTan; generalur prokuraturaSi, Sinagan<br />

saqmeTa saministroSi, Tavdacvis saministroSi qmnida<br />

fondebs, sadac Tavs iyrida didi odenobiT saidumlo an<br />

gaurkveveli warmomavlobis fuladi saxsrebi. paralelurad,<br />

Seiqmna e. w. `prezidentis fondi~, sadac agreTve did-<br />

362

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Zali fuli iyo Tavmoyrili. swored am fondebis kuTvnili<br />

fuliT prezidenti aSenebda atraqcionebs da Sadrevnebs,<br />

afinansebda `patriotTa banakebs~ da rezervistebis `swavlebebs~.<br />

xsnida ufaso sasadiloebs.<br />

saqme xSirad kuriozebamde midioda: xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenlebi usircxvilod iTvisebdnen kerZo biznesis<br />

warmomadgenelTa saqvelmoqmedo naRvaws _ magali-<br />

Tad, `psp jgufis~ mier SeZenili medikamentebi da saaxalwlo<br />

saCuqrebi uamravi telekameris TanxlebiT daariga...<br />

janmrTelobis ministris moadgilem, xolo saxelmwifo<br />

biujetiT nayidi sawvavi _ piradad prezidentma!<br />

amave dros, prezidenti da sxva maRalCinosnebi demonstraciulad,<br />

aseve telekamerebis win uars ambobdnenen<br />

`Cveni gundis~ dabalCinosnebisgan mirTmeul ubralo<br />

saCuqrebze.<br />

revoluciur saqarTveloSi binZuri saqmeebis absoluturi<br />

umravlesobis Semsruleblebad generaluri prokurori,<br />

Sinagan saqmeTa ministri, iusticiis ministri, yvela<br />

donis mosamarTleebi da TviTon uzenaesi sasamarTlos<br />

Tavmjdomare mogvevlinnen. am mxriv, makiavelis moZRvrebasTan<br />

sruli harmonia sufevda, Tumca, binZuri saqmeebis<br />

mTavari Semoqmedi `Tavebis dasayrevineblad~, anu Tanamdebobidan<br />

gadasayeneblad ver imetebda uSualo Semsruleblebs.<br />

gansakuTrebiT, es exeba Ss ministr merabiSvils,<br />

romelmac Tavisi umZimesi SecdomebiT da aSkara danaSaulebrivi<br />

qmedebebiT sazogadoebas Tavi sastikad SeaZula.<br />

sakmarisia, davasaxeloT e. w. `girgvlianis saqme~, sadac axalgazrda<br />

kacis ganzrax barbarosul mkvlelobaSi cxadad<br />

Cans Ss saministros maRalCinosnebis, amave saministros<br />

sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis departamentis Tavmjdomaris<br />

da TviT Ss ministris meuRlis Tanamonawileoba.<br />

rogorc istoria gvaswavlis da makiavelic amasve adasturebs,<br />

piradad prezidents amgvari `humanizmi~ Zalian<br />

Zvirad daujdeba _ `Cveni gundi~ xom xelisuflisgan<br />

msxverplSewirvas, anu saZulvel adamianebze SurisZiebas<br />

iTxovs. gaixseneT lenini, hitleri, stalini, sxvebi ra<br />

gasaocari siioliT iSorebdnen erTgul TanamebrZolebsa<br />

da Tanamzraxvelebs. leninuri eTikac xom missave kacTmo-<br />

363

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Zule Teorias efuZneboda _ `eTikuria yvelaferi, rac<br />

komunizmis mSeneblobas emsaxureba~.<br />

_ Tu danaSaulis Cadenas apireb, amis Sesaxeb winaswar<br />

nu gamoacxadeb, radgan mtrebi manamde gaganadgureben,<br />

sanam Sen maT ganadgurebas moaswrebde.<br />

rogorc Cans, prezidenti saakaSvili am sakiTxSi makiavelis<br />

kategoriulad ar eTanxmeboda. ver vityvi, sakuTari<br />

danaSaulebrivi ganzraxvis gamo-meTqi, magram, saerTod,<br />

ris gakeTebasac apirebda, amaze winaswar sajarod acxadebda<br />

kidec (Tumca, zogjer yovlad moulodnel nabijebsac<br />

dgamda) da Tavisi am ganzraxvis Teoriul dasabuTebasac<br />

cdilobda. es `dasabuTebani~, umravles SemTxvevaSi,<br />

yovlad absurduli iyo (magaliTad, saprezidento da saparlamento<br />

arCevnebis erTdroulad Catarebis aucilebloba),<br />

magram igi mainc jiutad agrZelebda Tavisas.<br />

amiT saakaSvili Zalian waagavda adolf hitlers, romlis<br />

devizi swored aseTi iyo _ `jer sityva, mere saqme~ (ioseb<br />

stalini piriqiT moqmedebda _ `jer saqme, mere sityva~).<br />

saakaSvilis metismeti gulaxdiloba missave metismeti<br />

Tavdajerebulobidan momdinareobda _ igi xom mmarTvelad<br />

xmebis absoluturi umravlesobiT airCies! Tumca, is,<br />

rac amomrCevlebs avansad ar enanebaT kandidatisTvis _<br />

mxardaWeras vgulisxmob _ Zalian enanebaT ukve arCeuli<br />

mmarTvelisTvis. amitom amomrCevelTa imedis gamcruebel<br />

prezidents, rogorc wesi, mxardamWerTa dakargva emuqreba,<br />

rac, sabolood, `Cveni gundis~ daSlas da guSindeli<br />

beladis CamorigiTebas (rusuli samxedro terminologiiT<br />

_ разжалование до рядового), anu swored imas niSnavs,<br />

rasac makiaveli winaswarmetyvelebs _ mtrebi manam gaganadgureben,<br />

sanam Sen moaswrebde maT ganadgurebas. mosisxle<br />

mtrebi ki, mendeT, TviT abraam linkolnis da jon<br />

kenedis msgavs usayvarles mmarTvelebsac hyoliaT.<br />

Pprezidenti saakaSvili ki, mraval sxva sikeTesTan erTad,<br />

gulwrfeli mxardamWerebisa da apolitikuri moqalaqeebis<br />

mosisxle mtrebad mokidebis niWiTac iyo Semkuli.<br />

_ nu Semoikreb metismetad gavlenian msaxurebs _<br />

sjobs Tavidan moiSoro Zlevamosili generlebi, Torem<br />

isini mogiSoreben Sen.<br />

364

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saakaSvilma mmarTvelobis pirvelive dRidan daiwyo da<br />

Zalian male Seqmna favorit `generalTa~ jgufi (generaluri<br />

prokurori adeiSvili, Ss ministri merabiSvili, Tavdacvis<br />

ministri oqruaSvili, parlamentis wevri bokeria,<br />

elCi CubiniSvili, Tbilisis meri ugulava, ekonomikis ministri<br />

arvelaZe). es ubiografio adamianebi `generlebad~<br />

mxolod saakaSvilis wyalobiT iqcnen. bunebrivia, es icodnen<br />

`generlebma~, icoda Tavad maTma Semqmnelma da `Cveni<br />

gundis~ danarCenma ufunqcio da ambiciurma wevrebmac.<br />

marTalia, saakaSvilma moaxerxa erTi xelis dakvriT<br />

moekveTa maT Soris erT-erTi yvelaze gavleniani da<br />

`meamboxe~ oqruaSvili, mis adgilze paiki kezeraSvili<br />

daesva, magram `generalTa~ amboxis saSiSroeba amiT ar<br />

Semcirebula. prezidentis uaxloes garemocvaSi darCa<br />

adeiSvili-merabiSvilis yovlisSemZle tandemi. am wyvilis<br />

xelSi, isev prezidentis wyalobiT, civilizebuli<br />

samyarosTvis uprecedento Zalaufleba aRmoCnda. igi<br />

dadga aRmasrulebel, sakanonmdeblo da TviT sasamarTlo<br />

xelisuflebaze maRla. is, rom saakaSvils bevri ram<br />

`ar esmoda~, am wyvilis udidesi damsaxurebaa _ swored<br />

igi amyofebda saakaSvils informaciul wyvdiadSi da moqmedebis<br />

gegmasac is karnaxobda. mis xelSi prezidenti<br />

Zvirfasi tikinad gadaiqca. Aamave dros, Sua saukuneebisgan<br />

gansxvavebiT, TiTqmis ar arsebobda saSiSroeba, rom<br />

es wyvili uaxloes momavalSi prezidentis damxobas Seecdeboda<br />

_ Tu civi gonebiT ganvsjiT, es misTvis realurad<br />

arafers moitanda. piriqiT, es wyvili, prezidents<br />

Tvalis CiniviT unda gafrTxileboda.<br />

xolo Tu Tavad prezidenti odesme mixvdeboda, ra<br />

sabediswero Secdoma mouvida adeiSvil-merabiSvilis<br />

uzomo gaZlierebiT, maSin am `generlebisTvis~ `Tavebis<br />

dayrevineba~ sasaxlis karis gadatrialebis tolfasi movlena<br />

mainc iqneboda. imasac veravin ivaraudebda, rom im<br />

momaval brZolaSi maincdamainc saakaSvili gaimarjvebda<br />

_ operatiuli informacia da uzarmazari represiuli<br />

aparati xom, faqtobrivad, iyo `tandemis~ xelSi da ara<br />

prezidentisa.<br />

_ adamianebi an unda moTaflo, an unda gaanadguro;<br />

365

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mSvidobismoyvare da neitraluri politika yovelTvis<br />

damRupvelia.<br />

prezidenti da misi `Cveni gundi~ swored ase iqceoda _<br />

sasuqebis da sawvavis darigeba, saCvenebeli `xalxSi gasvlebi~,<br />

atraqcionebi, Sadrevnebi, `patriotTa~ banakebi,<br />

Zalian xSiri satelevizio gamosvlebi, sxvaTa warmatebebiT<br />

gauTavebeli trabaxi, ruseTTan Zalis poziciebidan<br />

laparaki, natoSi Sesvlis muqara, afxazeTis da samxreT<br />

oseTis `respublikebisTvis~ TiTis qneva, urCTa da moazrovneTa<br />

xelisuflebidan gandevna... yvelaferi es makiavelis<br />

am Segonebis mixedviT moqmedebas hgavs. swored am<br />

principiT moqmedebda is sulwawymedili da gandidebis maniiT<br />

Sepyrobili Cezare borjiac, makiavelis kumiri.<br />

Tu kidev erTxel gavixsenebT makiavelis mTavar Segonebebs<br />

da saakaSvilis mTavar naTqvam-namoqmedarebsac, didi<br />

ganCxreka-gaanalizebis gareSe davaskvniT, rom qarTveli<br />

mmarTveli zereled, ugulisyurod, magram mainc icnobda<br />

makiavelis moZRvrebas; suliTa da guliT mowadinebuli<br />

iyo, rogorme mniSvnelovan saxelmwifo figurad qceuliyo.<br />

xelisuflebis saTaveSi mosvliT man es nawilobriv<br />

moaxerxa kidec. axla mas Sinauri da gareuli mtermoyvrisTvis<br />

unda daemtkicebina (ufro zustad, Sinauri<br />

da gareuli mter-moyvare unda daerwmunebina), rom misi<br />

gaprezidenteba ar yofila brma SemTxveva, arc RvTis wyaloba<br />

da arc SevardnaZis madlieri amerikeli an germaneli<br />

xalxebis saCuqari saqarTvelosadmi.<br />

saakaSvil-mmarTvels marTlac mZime social-politikuri<br />

memkvidreoba ergo, magram ganuzomlad ukeTesi, vidre<br />

mis winamorbed eduard SevardnaZes 1992 wels. Tanac,<br />

am mZime socialuri da politikuri viTarebis SeqmnaSi<br />

didi iyo e. w. reformatorTa jgufis `damsaxureba~ piradad<br />

saakaSvilis meTaurobiT.<br />

mravlismnaxveli, dinji da cxovrebisgan dabrZenebuli<br />

`TeTri melasgan~ gansxvavebiT, uzarmazari energiiT aRsavse,<br />

yvelas da yvelafris saswrafod gadakeTebis mwveli<br />

surviliT anTebuli ajilRa yvelas da yvelafers erTdroulad<br />

daeZgera.<br />

igi gulwrfelad iyo darwmunebuli, rom mas, miSa saakaS-<br />

366

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vils, mxolod mTeli saqarTvelo ki ara, mTeli civilizebuli<br />

samyaro mxarSi amoudgeboda da aRTqmul mizans uTuod<br />

miaRwevinebda _ igi xom axalgazrda, axovani, amerikul<br />

yaidaze aRzrdili, qalebis gulTa mpyrobeli poligloti<br />

iyo da ara vinme `mamaTeli naferSlal-nacekasmdivnari<br />

uemocio moxuci~.<br />

saakaSvils, murabebis sawyobSi moxvedril Tavneba bavSvs,<br />

gamorCa mTavari _ Cezare borjias matarebels didi<br />

xnis winaT Caevlo da didi qarTveli mefis, daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />

saflavze daficeba mas ukan ver daabrunebda.<br />

man irealur samyaroSi cxovreba airCia _ `Cven erTi<br />

gundi~ varT, maSasadame, me var koleqtiuri goni da yovlisSemZle<br />

Rone, me yvelaferi vici, yvelaferi mepatieba<br />

da araferi ar mevaleba!<br />

yvelaferze pasuxs `Cveni gundi~ agebs, anu pasuxs<br />

araferze arasdros aravin ar agebs!<br />

saakaSvilis gaprezidentebidan Zalian male cxadi gaxda,<br />

rom mas, `amerikul tradiciebze aRzrdil~ biWunas,<br />

Sinaganad sZulda demokratia, radgan igi areuli qveynis<br />

mmarTvelisgan udides da mravalmxriv codnas, moTminebas,<br />

gamocdilebas moiTxovda, xelisuflis ucilobel cvlas<br />

da umadurebis mTeli armiis arsebobasac gulisxmobda.<br />

areuli qveynis beladobisTvis igi aSkarad moumzadebeli<br />

aRmoCnda. saakaSvilma iwama makiavelisa, rom adamianTa<br />

umravlesobisTvis pirovnebis saxeli (avtoriteti)<br />

TviT realobaze da Tavisuflebaze Zvirad fasobs. misi<br />

sulieri winamorbedis, zviad gamsaxurdias msgavsad, Tavi<br />

sakuTar genialobaSi da uaxloesi garemocvis uangaroba-<br />

Si dairwmuna. `samTavros~ marTva erTob saeWvo gonebrivi<br />

SesaZleblobebis `gundelebs~ miando. murabebis sawyobSi<br />

moxvedrili sakuTar Tavze Seyvarebuli da sakuTar ucdomelobaSi<br />

darwmunebuli Wirveuli `zeadamiani~ biWuna<br />

ki amasobaSi zedized asufTavebda murabiT savse qilebs<br />

tkbileulis sawyobSi. amiT saakaSvilma, gamsaxurdias msgavsad,<br />

sakuTar Tavs sakuTari xeliT ganumzada tragikuli<br />

dasasruli. gansakuTrebuli sicxadiT es misi mmarTvelobis<br />

mesame wlisTavze gamoCnda...<br />

im epoqis qarTul beWdur presas, movlenaTa tragikul<br />

367

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ganviTarebaze metad, vinme mesamexarisxovani qarTveli<br />

modelis meore qmarTan ganSorebis saidumlo aRelvebs.<br />

sagazeTo bazari gadaWedilia fsevdo-elituri `yviTeli~<br />

Jurnal-gazeTebiT. opoziciuri politikuri Zalebi ki,<br />

ZiriTadad, qilikiT erTobian.<br />

sabediswero SeZaxilamde, _ `Zirs diqtatori!~ _ Zalian<br />

mcire dro rCeba...<br />

yvelaferi im dawyevlili nikolo makiavelis bralia,<br />

vis sikvdilsac, xuTasi weliwadia, saSveli ar daadga.<br />

uweso TamaSebi<br />

anu<br />

presa, rogorc politikuri manipulaciebis<br />

instrumenti<br />

rogorc wesi, saqarTveloSi am Temaze xmamaRla saubars<br />

elituri politikis warmomadgenlebic gaurbian da<br />

seriozuli presisac. marTalia, presis mniSvnelobas aravin<br />

uaryofs, magram igi Segnebulad dahyavT leniniseuli<br />

`koleqtiuri agitatoris~ donemde. arada, ukve Zalian didi<br />

xania, presa (aq da yvelgan igulisxmeba mTlianad masobrivi<br />

informaciis saSualebebi, rogorc beWduri, ise eleqtronuli,<br />

internetisa da zepiri gamosvlebis CaTvliT) politikuri<br />

manipulaciebis, sazogadoebriv cnobierebaze zemoqmedebis<br />

uZlieres da Seucvlel iaraRad iqca. evropasa<br />

da amerikaSi, TviT ruseTSic maRal mecnierul donezea damuSavebuli<br />

`manipulaciebis Tema~ da igi udidesi warmatebiT<br />

gamoiyeneba politikuri dapirispirebebis dros.<br />

manipulireba, rogorc socialuri marTvis meTodi,<br />

udides moqnilobas moiTxovs. mas Zalian didi upiratesoba<br />

aqvs Zalismier da ekonomikur meTodebTan SedarebiT _<br />

xorcieldeba marTvis obieqtebisTvis SeumCnevlad; politikuri<br />

oponentebis mosasyidad da dasamSvideblad ar<br />

moiTxovs did materialur danaxarjebs, araviTar sisxlsa<br />

da msxverpls. presas masobriv (sazogadoebriv) cnobierebaze<br />

zemoqmedebisTvis, faqtobrivad, usazRvro SesaZleblobebi<br />

gaaCnia.<br />

368

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Sevecdebi, Zalian mokled Camovayalibo presiT politikuri<br />

manipulirebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi. aqve<br />

aRvniSnav, rom manipulirebis mizania, masobriv SemecnebaSi<br />

Canergos is socialur-ekonomikuri miTebi, iluzoruli<br />

ideebi, romlebic ganmtkicebuli iqneba, ZiriTadad,<br />

rwmeniT da ara racionaluri, kritikuli gaazrebiT; imis<br />

codniT da gaTvaliswinebiT, rom adamianis Semecnebaze<br />

zemoqmedeba savsebiT SesaZlebelia im arxebiT, romlebsac<br />

yvelaze naklebad akontrolebs goneba. es meTodi miT<br />

ufro efeqturi iqneba saqarTveloSi, sadac movlenaTa<br />

racionalur gaazrebas TiTqmis aravin ar cdilobs (codnis<br />

dabali donis gamo).<br />

XXI saukunis dasawyisis saqarTveloSi mmarTveli elitis<br />

batonobis gansamtkiceblad ramdenime socialurpolitikuri<br />

miTi mogvevlina:<br />

1. xelisufleba qveyanas marTavs demokratizmis principebiT;<br />

2. mimdinareobs samarTlebrivi reformebi da sul<br />

male kanonis uzenaesobis pirobebSi vicxovrebT;<br />

3. socialuri siduxWire gamowveulia ara xelisuflebis<br />

uunarobiT da momxveWelobiT, aramed gare bneli<br />

(rusuli, amerikuli) Zalebis moqmedebiT an `mSromeli<br />

xalxis xarjze gamdidrebuli vigindarebis~ gamo;<br />

4. korufcia aris sazogadoebis erTaderTi dauZinebeli<br />

mteri da xelisuflebis mxridan mimdinareobs mas-<br />

Tan daundobeli brZola;<br />

5. saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqe, miuxedavad eTnikuri<br />

warmoSobisa da religiuri mrwamsisa, Tanabari uflebebiT<br />

sargeblobs;<br />

6. qarTveli eri yvelaze tolerantulia msoflioSi;<br />

7. presa Tavisufalia da amis naTeli dadasturebaa<br />

TviT `vardebis revoluciis~ beladis arcTu mokrZalebuli<br />

kritika.<br />

miTi sxvac bevri gavrcelda (mrewveloba gadagvarCens,<br />

`truba~ gadagvarCens, ruseTi an aSS gviSvelis, mdidrebs<br />

wavarTmevT da Raribebs davurigebT, mimdinareobs sasamarTlo<br />

reforma, ganaTlebis sistemis reforma, soflis<br />

meurneobaze zrunva...), magram, vfiqrob, zemoT CamoT-<br />

369

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vlili aris mTavari. yvela es miTi adamianebis azrovnebaSi<br />

inergeboda da inergeba presis saSualebiT.<br />

amerikeli sociologis, parentis TqmiT, swored presa<br />

(aq da yvelgan `presaSi~ igulisxmeba mTlianad masobrivi<br />

informaciis saSualebebi T. q.) arCevs im informacias da<br />

dezinformacias, rasac Cven social-politikuri sinamdvilis<br />

Sesafaseblad viyenebT. problemebis da movlenebisadmi<br />

Cveni damokidebuleba, TviT imis aRqmac ki, ra miviCnioT<br />

problemad da movlenad, damokidebulia im xalxze,<br />

vis xelSic aris presa. dedamiwaze yovelwuTierad milionobiT<br />

movlena xdeba, Cven ki vsargeblobT maTi im nawiliT,<br />

rasac presidan gvawvdian.<br />

Cven vcxovrobT presis mier Seqmnil warmosaxviT (virtualur)<br />

samyaroSi. es samyaro an koSmarulia, an idiliuri,<br />

gaaCnia, vin gvelaparakeba _ opoziciuri, Tu saxelisuflo<br />

presa.<br />

Tavis manipulaciur SesaZleblobebs presa yvelaze metad<br />

saarCevno (saparlamento, saprezidento, adgilobrivi)<br />

kampaniis dros avlens. gansakuTrebiT efeqturia sociologiuri<br />

gamokiTxvebiT manipulireba _ erTidaigive<br />

cifri sxvadasxva konteqstSi SeiZleba auditorias<br />

miawodo, rogorc warmateba, an, rogorc katastrofa.<br />

manipulireba, rogorc auditoriaze zemoqmedebis<br />

meTodi, erTob mimzidveli ram gaxlavT im xalxisTvis,<br />

vinc dauokeblad eltvis xelisuflebas.<br />

manipulirebis winaaRmdeg brZola praqtikulad Seu-<br />

Zlebelia im ubralo mizeziT, rom mis (manipulirebis)<br />

safuZvlad gvevlineba sityva, rogorc komunikaciis sa-<br />

Sualeba _ SeuZlebelia vinmes pasuxismgebloba daakisro<br />

sityvis Tavisuflebis gamoyenebis gamo! msoflios masStabiT<br />

jerac veranairi Sedegi ver moitana nairnairi eTikuri<br />

kodeqsebis weramac.<br />

axla ufro dawvrilebiT ganvixiloT presis mier gamoyenebuli<br />

politikuri manipulirebis xerxebi. rogorc<br />

vTqviT, presa manipulirebs informaciiT, ufro zustad,<br />

informaciis marTviT.<br />

SesaZlebelia informaciis:<br />

370

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_ gayalbeba da sazogadoebisTvis SeCeCeba, rogorc<br />

namdvilis;<br />

_ damaxinjeba romelime mxaris sasargeblod;<br />

_ redaqtireba sakuTari gamonagonisa da komentarebis<br />

damatebiT;<br />

_ interpretacia manipulatorisTvis sasargeblo<br />

mimarTulebiT;<br />

_ romeliRac mniSvnelovani detalis miCqmalva.<br />

amis garda, presas SeuZlia:<br />

_ amomrCevelTa yuradReba gaamaxvilos sakuTari<br />

(manipulatoris) poziciebis ganmamtkicebel faqtebze;<br />

_ obieqturad gadmocemul masalas SeurCios Sinaarsis<br />

absoluturad Seusabamo, an sawinaaRmdego sa-<br />

Tauri;<br />

_ romelime gamomsvlels miaweros gancxadeba, romelic<br />

mas ar gaukeTebia;<br />

_ obieqturi informacia gamoaqveynos mas Semdeg,<br />

rac man ukve dakarga aqtualoba;<br />

_ gamoaqveynos damaxinjebuli citata, gamosvlis<br />

nawili an frazebi, romlebic konteqstis gareSe sxva,<br />

zogjer naTqvamis sawinaaRmdego azrs iZens.<br />

zemoT aRniSnuli ileTebi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos<br />

kompleqsurad, an moTxovnilebis Sesabamisad. oRond,<br />

yvelaferi unda gakeTdes virtuozulad, maRal profesiul<br />

doneze.<br />

presis xelT arsebuli samanipulacio arsenali Zalian<br />

mdidaria _ zogierTi faqtis miCqmalviTa da sxva faqtebis<br />

warmoCeniT realuri viTarebis winaswar ganzraxuli damaxinjeba,<br />

cru informaciebis gamoqveyneba, vizualuri<br />

an sityvieri saSualebebiT auditoriaSi negatiuri emociebis<br />

gamowveva da mravali sxva.<br />

marTalia, isini gansxvavdebian zemoqmedebis ZaliTa da<br />

SinaarsiT, magram aerTianebT erTi ram: yvelaferi mimar-<br />

Tulia auditoriaSi sasurveli emociuri da fsiqologiuri<br />

ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad.<br />

manipulirebis fundamenturi meqanizmi gaxlavT e. w.<br />

sugestia, anu konkretuli msjelobiT adamianis darwmuneba<br />

raime logikuri mtkicebulebebis gamouyene-<br />

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lad. TvalsaCinoebisTvis mogaxsenebT, rom am meTods<br />

politikuri oponentebis winaaRmdeg erTob warumateblad<br />

iyenebda (cdilobda gamoeyenebina) yofili prezidenti<br />

gamsaxurdia da misi garemocva (petriaSvili, qobulaSvili,<br />

guguSvili, qoriZe...). amiT imis Tqma minda, rom maT<br />

icodnen politikuri manipulirebis xerxebis arsebobis<br />

Sesaxeb, magram ar icodnen misi gamoyeneba. samwuxarod, mas<br />

Semdeg TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi bevri<br />

araferi Secvlila.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, naTqvami exeba saxelisuflebo (romelic<br />

saqarTveloSi, tradiciulad, Suasaukuneobrivi meTodebiT<br />

ebrZoda da ebrZvis politikur opozicias) Zalebsac da<br />

opoziciursac. Tu odnav kritikulad ganvixilavT, magaliTad,<br />

naTelaSvilis leiboristuli (Sromis) partiis moRvaweobas,<br />

davinaxavT, rom es politikuri Zala moqmedebda<br />

absoluturad gauazreblad. politikuri mowinaaRmdegeebis<br />

dasamarcxeblad misi erTaderTi iaraRi iyo zogadi,<br />

dausabuTebeli, xSirad, cilismwamebluri gancxadebebi:<br />

mTavroba korumpirebulia, Tbilisis meri meqrTamea,<br />

biujeti korufciis wyaroa, prezidenti qveynis da xalxis<br />

mteria da a. S. anu naTelaSvilis jgufi sazogadoebaSi<br />

avtoritetis moxveWas mxolod sxvisi saxelis uxeSi diskreditaciis<br />

gziT cdilobda. misi logika, daaxloebiT<br />

aseTi iyo: saakaSvili `cudi biWia~, ese igi, naTelaSvili<br />

`kargi biWia~. anu am partiisTvis ucnobi iyo sazogadoebriv<br />

cnobierebaze zemoqmedebis mecnieruli meTodebi.<br />

davubrundeT gansaxilvel sakiTxs da ganvixiloT sugestiis<br />

ramdenime xerxi:<br />

a) stereotipebis gamoyeneba. stereotipSi igulisxmeba<br />

adamianTa mier romelime socialuri obieqtis gaubraloebulad,<br />

sqematurad aRqma. adamianis romelime `socialur<br />

tipze~ mikuTvneba savsebiT bunebrivi movlenaa. zogier-<br />

Ti `socialuri tipi~ adamianis SemecnebaSi myarad aris<br />

dafiqsirebuli da sakuTari gamocdilebiT Semowmebas ar<br />

eqvemdebareba. magaliTad, qarTveli adamianebis SemecnebaSi<br />

jer kidev myarad `zis~ iseTi stereotipebi, rogoricaa,<br />

`nacisti~ (nacional-socialisti), `faSisti~, `Sadimani~,<br />

`kapitalisti~, `ebraeli~, `somexi~ da sxva. aqedan<br />

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gamomdinare, presa Zalian advilad axerxebs arasasurveli<br />

pirovnebis gaigivebas stereotipTan: germanelma nacionalistebma<br />

qveyana daaqcies, uamravi adamiani daxoces. saakaSvili<br />

_ kemularia _ grigalaSvili (nacionaluri moZraobis<br />

wevrebi) nacionalistebi arian. anu es jentlmenebi<br />

nacistebi, kaciWamiebi brZandebian. an ufro martivi magaliTi:<br />

`somexi~ saqarTvelos dauZinebeli mteria. beJuaSvili<br />

_ `somexia~.<br />

sagulisxmoa, rom 2000 wlis Semodgomidan moyolebuli,<br />

am xerxs qarTveli politikuri oponentebi sul ufro da-<br />

JinebiT da sul ufro uxeSad iyenebdnen piradad Jvanias,<br />

saakaSvilis, merabiSvilis, TevdoraZis da sxvebis winaaRmdeg.<br />

am ugunuri kampaniis gvirgvini gaxldaT erTdroulad<br />

or yovelkvireul gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli werilebis<br />

seria saerTo saTauriT `oTxi dRe, romelmac SesZra saqarTvelo~,<br />

romelic male wignadac gamoica (SegaxsenebT,<br />

rom es sakiTxi sakmaod dawvrilebiT ganvixileT Jurnalistur<br />

gamoZiebaze saubrisas).<br />

opoziciuri Zalebis xelisuflebaSi triumfiT misvlas,<br />

nebsiT Tu uneblied, didad daexmara dabal profesiul<br />

doneze Sesrulebuli, mouzomavi da gauazrebeli<br />

kritikis, ufro zustad, uargumento dedakacuri lanZ-<br />

Rva-ginebisa da wyevla-krulvis niaRvari.<br />

zustad sapirispiros Tqma SeiZleba 2001-2003 wlebis<br />

qarTul opoziciur presaze _ es iyo xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg<br />

mimarTuli maRal inteleqtualur da mecnierul<br />

doneze Sesrulebuli PR kampania.<br />

vimeoreb, rom ara saxelisuflo presis srul uvicobaze<br />

damyarebuli winaaRmdegoba, opozicia amgvar yovlismomcvel<br />

gamarjvebas ver moipovebda. Tumca, nu gamogvrCeba<br />

mTavari _ imJamindeli qarTuli sazogadoebis gausaZlisi<br />

socialuri siduxWire, ramac, ZiriTadad, ganapiroba<br />

kidec masobrivi gamosvlebi xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg.<br />

b) iarliyebis mikereba. es aris kargad cnobili meTodi<br />

sabWoTa sinamdvilidan. mis gamoyenebas (komunistebisgan<br />

gansxvavebiT) warumateblad cdilobda prezident<br />

gamsaxurdias garemocva gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis<br />

dasawyisSi (sigua narkomania, naTaZe qurdia, SevardnaZe<br />

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useTis agentia...). daaxloebiT igive suraTi miviReT<br />

TiTqmis 15 wlis Semdegac. marTalia, es aris politikuri<br />

brZolis erT-erTi Zliermoqmedi iaraRi, magram igi Zlier<br />

saxifaTocaa, vinaidan iarliyebis mikereba sazogadoebas<br />

Cvevad eqceva xolme. `moRalate~, `mteri~, `agenti~, `meqr-<br />

Tame~ da sxva, sabolood, Cveulebriv, yoveldRiur sityvebad<br />

aRiqmeba da namdvil mniSvnelobas kargavs. Tanac,<br />

leqsikonidan aZevebs monaTesave, aranakleb agresiul<br />

cnebebs.<br />

ver vityvi, rom mixeil saakaSvili saqarTvelos prezidentad<br />

arCevamde ar icnobda `uweso TamaSebis~ wesebs. rom<br />

ar scodnoda, `vardebis revoluciis~ mosamzadebel periodSi<br />

misi gundi presas ase efeqturad ver gamoiyenebda.<br />

albaT, `iarliyebis mikerebis~ teqnologiasac icnobda.<br />

amis dasturad is garemoeba gamodgeba, rom revoluciamde<br />

da umaRles xelisuflebaSi misvlis Semdeg, saakaSvili<br />

politikur oponentebs uxvad urigebda meqrTamis, qurdis,<br />

banditis, moRalatis iarliyebs. Semdeg amas daemata<br />

`yiyini~, `Cmaxva~, `wkmutuni~ da misTanani. ase gagrZelda<br />

mravali Tvis ganmavlobaSi. Sedegad ki is miviReT, rom Tu<br />

Tavidan saakaSvilis am gamoTqmebs sazogadoebriv cnobierebaze<br />

marTlac SeeZlo zemoqmedeba, Semdeg mniSvneloba<br />

dakarga da mxolod Rimilismomgvrel aso-bgeraTa<br />

uazro grovad iqca.<br />

g) informaciis gameoreba. cnobilia, rom 30 wuTis Semdeg<br />

auditorias miRebuli informaciis Sinaarsis mxolod<br />

60 procenti axsovs. dRis bolosTvis igi 40, xolo kviris<br />

bolosTvis _ 10 procentamde mcirdeba. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />

problema TavisTavad qreba aTiode dRis ganmavloba-<br />

Si. amitom aucilebelia mniSvnelovani informaciis axali<br />

faqtebiT gamdidreba da garkveuli periodulobiT gameoreba,<br />

raTa igi droulad miiRos auditoriam da `Cajdes~<br />

masebis SemecnebaSi.<br />

d) mtkiceba. ara var darwmunebuli, rom es manipulirebis<br />

saukeTeso saSualebaa, magram presaSi sakmaod xSirad<br />

gamoiyeneba. vgulisxmob iseT viTarebas, roca presa<br />

ugulebelyofs oponents da sakuTari Tezisis dasacavad<br />

SiSvel mtkicebulebebs sjerdeba.<br />

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e) xmebis gavrceleba. xerxi ubralo da genialuria:<br />

presis saSualebiT ismis racionaluri kiTxva mravalmniSvnelovani<br />

miniSnebebiT (`gvars ar davasaxeleb, Cveni<br />

kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomare~...). auditoria iZulebulia,<br />

TviTon ganaviTaros azri da daskvnac TviTon gamoitanos.<br />

presam SesaniSnavad icis sazogadoebis moTxovnileba ama<br />

Tu im informciaze. icis am Temis mniSvneloba auditoriis<br />

ama Tu im nawilisaTvis. amitomac presa Segnebulad `agdebs~<br />

sazogadoebas, iZleva ritorikul SekiTxvas. erTi<br />

SexedviT, ucnauri araferi xdeba _ presa mxolod kiTxvas<br />

svams da pasuxi arc ainteresebs. Sedegad, sazogadoebaSi<br />

vrceldeba uamravi Wori, rac, bunebrivia, vnebs politikuri<br />

oponentis reputacias (nuTu, prezidenti saakaSvili<br />

marTla meqrTame, grantiWamia da meqalTanea?!).<br />

v) naxevarsimarTle. am meTods presa auditoriis<br />

ndobis uzrunvelsayofad iyenebs. igi Segnebulad savsebiT<br />

obieqturad da dawvrilebiT ganixilavs konkretul<br />

umniSvnelo detalebs im mizniT, rom aseve Segnebulad<br />

wauyruos mniSvnelovan movlenebs, an mogvces maTi cru<br />

(TviTneburi) interpretacia.<br />

z) gamasxaraveba. es aris masebis Semecnebaze zemoqmedebis<br />

yvelaze gavrcelebuli da saintereso meTodi.<br />

SeiZleba gavamasxaravoT, rogorc pirovnebebi, ise Sexedulebebi,<br />

ideebi, partiebi, moZraobebi, uwyebebi, institutebi,<br />

programebi da a. S. am meTodis saidumlo is gaxlavT,<br />

rom gamasxaravebis sagani SeiZleba iyos adamianis<br />

raime gamonaTqvami an misi saqcielis raime detali, rac<br />

Semdeg vrceldeba mTlianad am adamianis moRvaweobaze da<br />

saqcielze. Sedegad, am adamians (partias, organizacias,<br />

moZraobas) uvardeba araseriozulis, arakompetenturis<br />

saxeli. saxeli iseTi subieqtisa, visi winadadebebi da<br />

ideebi ar SeiZleba iyos seriozuli gansjis sagani.<br />

TvalsaCinoebisTvis erT sagulisxmo magaliTs Semog-<br />

TavazebT. e. w. `samTavrobo saaTze~ parlamentSi ar gamocxadda<br />

Sinagan saqmeTa ministri. deputatebisTvis misi<br />

gamoucxadeblobis mizezi iyo ara moucleloba, aramed<br />

parlamentisTvis sakuTari Zlevamosilebis demonstrireba.<br />

amis pasuxad, erT-erTma deputatma sajarod Camoayal-<br />

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iba ministris gamoucxadeblobis sakuTari versia: `batoni<br />

ministri imitom ar cxaddeba parlamentSi, rom igi SeCveulia<br />

wuTnaxevrian brifingebs, radgan misi goneba met datvirTvas<br />

ver uZlebs~.<br />

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom adamianis buneba miiswrafvis<br />

miRebuli informaciis ukiduresi gaubraloebisa da mis<br />

SemecnebaSi ukve arsebul kategoriebTan Serwymisken (kategorizacia).<br />

presa, romelmac mSvenivrad icis adamianis<br />

am Tvisebis Sesaxeb, cdilobs, maqsimalurad gaamartivos<br />

informacia, daiyvanos igi `cud~ an `karg~ kategoriamde<br />

da amiT sasurveli (Zlieri) zegavlena moaxdinos sazogadoebriv<br />

azrze. sxvaTa Soris, am meTodis gamoyenebiT, XX<br />

saukunis dasawyisSi uzarmazari warmatebebi moipova sxvadasxva<br />

religiurma seqtam.<br />

amjerad ar Sevudgebi presis mier iseTi mZlavri iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebaze saubars, rogoric gaxlavT neirolingvisturi<br />

programireba, politikuri reklamiT manipulireba<br />

da zogierTi sxva. Tumca, am Temebze dawvrilebiT saubari<br />

namdvilad Rirs.<br />

manipulireba Jurnalisturi komentarebiT. Tu ar<br />

vcdebi, 2002 wlis TebervalSi telekompania `si-en-enma~<br />

gaavrcela aseTi videoinformacia: teleekranze Cans 30iani<br />

wlebis berlinis Sav-TeTri gamosaxuleba. faSistebi<br />

koconze wvaven germaneli da msoflio klasikosebis, maT<br />

Soris, Tomas manisa* da bertold brextis* wignebs. ekranze<br />

Cndeba warwera: `berlini, germania, 1933 weli~. Sav-<br />

TeTrs daaxloebiT imave siuJetis feradi gamosaxuleba<br />

enacvleba _ SavebSi Cacmuli gaveSebuli brbo koconze<br />

wvavs religiur literaturas, maT Soris, biblias. ekranze<br />

icvleba warwera: `Tbilisi, saqarTvelo, 2002 weli~. araviTari<br />

sityvieri komentari!<br />

msoflios erT-erTma udidesma da avtoritetulma<br />

telekompaniam mTel civilizebul samyaros acnoba, rom<br />

XXI saukuneSi arsebobs qveyana, sadac jer kidev mZvinvarebs<br />

inkviziciis `wminda koconi~. aravis uTqvams, rom es aris<br />

uZvelesi kulturis mqone qveyana; rom qarTvel ers ekuTvnis<br />

erT-erTi dRemde Semonaxuli damwerlobaTagani; rom am<br />

qveyanaSi qristianoba jer kidev IV saukunis dasawyisSi aRi-<br />

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ares saxelmwifo religiad; rom es aris uaRresad stumarTmoyvare,<br />

niWieri xalxiT dasaxlebuli suverenuli saxelmwifo<br />

da a. S. `si-en-enma~ oriode samsityviani winadadebiT<br />

mTel civilizebul msoflios amcno: erideT `megobar~<br />

saqarTvelos, iq kaciWamiebi cxovroben!<br />

rogorc wesi, aseTi mWevrmetyveluri, `usityvo komentarebi~<br />

JurnalistikaSi iSviaTobaa, vinaidan igi uzarmazar<br />

ostatobas moiTxovs. gacilebiT ufro gavrcelebulia<br />

sityvieri komentarebiT manipulireba.<br />

Jurnalisturi eTika RaRadebs, rom profesionalma<br />

Jurnalistma informacia obieqturad unda gaaSuqos;<br />

informaciis gangeb damaxinjeba, an zedapiruli Sefaseba<br />

dauSvebelia. amis miuxedavad, JurnalistikaSi arsebuli<br />

viTareba Zalian Sorsaa eTikisgan. Jurnalisti-komentatorebi<br />

sasurveli sazogadoebrivi azris Sesaqmnelad<br />

mraval xerxs iyeneben:<br />

1. azrebis kiTxva. Jurnalists Tavi ise uWiravs, TiTqos<br />

sxvadasxva adamianis azrebs gvTavazobdes. sinamdvileSi,<br />

gvTavazobs erT romelime mosazrebas, rogorc sazogadoebriv<br />

azrs.<br />

2. informaciis gafiltrva. Jurnalisti cdilobs,<br />

eTerSi (gazeTis furclebze) ar moxvdes is informacia, romelic<br />

mas ar moswons an xels ar aZlevs. Jurnal-gazeTebSi<br />

amis gakeTeba Zalian advilia. Tumca, arc eleqtronul mediaSia<br />

Zneli: `axla reklamis droa~; `sityvas mogvianebiT<br />

mogcemT~; `axla gansxvavebuli azri movisminoT~; `amaze<br />

xom ukve visaubreT~ da a. S.<br />

2004 wlis maisSi gavrcelda informacia, rom gaeros<br />

generalurma mdivanma, kofi ananma Tavis mrCevlad miiwvia<br />

saqarTvelos yofili prezidenti eduard SevardnaZe.<br />

bunebrivia, es iyo erTgvari pativis migeba 76 wlis<br />

SevardnaZisTvisac da misi samSoblo saqarTvelosTvisac.<br />

telekompania `rusTavi 2-ma~ maSinve gadasca siuJeti yovlad<br />

odiozuri figuris, manana arCvaZis saprotesto mitingis<br />

Taobaze, sadac prezident gamsaxurdias qvrivi SevardnaZis<br />

gasamarTlebas da dasjas moiTxovda! wamyvanma<br />

gakvriT isic Tqva, es saprotesto aqcia kofi ananis keTil-<br />

Sobilur Jests mohyvao.<br />

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3. Seufaravi qeba. Jurnalisti daufaravad gamoxatavs<br />

Tavis simpaTiebs romelime movlenis mimarT, aidealebs<br />

romeliRac pirovnebas, jgufs an process.<br />

4. damcireba (daknineba). am SemTxvevaSi Jurnalisti<br />

cdilobs gakicxos individis, jgufis (partiis) an procesis<br />

moraluri mxare.<br />

Jurnalistur arsenalSi arsebobs damcirebis ramdenime<br />

utyuari xerxi:<br />

a) pirdapiri Seteva. iSviaTad, magram Jurnalistur<br />

praqtikaSi aseTi ramec gvxvdeba. am SemTxvevaSi, Jurnalisti<br />

aSkarad gamoxatavs ara sakuTar, aramed SemkveTis<br />

azrs. Tumca, vimeoreb, sakuTari Tavis pativismcemeli Jurnalistebi<br />

am xerxs TiTqmis ar iyeneben.<br />

b) iribi Seteva. Jurnalisti utevs ara uSualod romelime<br />

misTvis saintereso personas, aramed mis garemocvas<br />

(`prezidenti idealuria, ai, misi ministrebi ki meqrTameebi<br />

da matrabazebi arian~). xolo Tu Setevis obieqti deputatobis<br />

(prezidentobis) kandidatia, utevs mis momxreebs.<br />

magaliTad: `TofaZe SesaniSnavi mrewveli da politikosia,<br />

magram mis momxreTagan erTi _ arakompetenturia, meore<br />

_ sasaciloa, mesame _ demagogia...~<br />

Tu romelime partiis diskreditacia gvsurs, amisTvis<br />

sulac ar aris aucilebeli misi lideris saxelis gamtexi<br />

faqtebis gamogoneba _ sakmarisia davaxasiaToT misi<br />

uaxloesi garemocva. am xerxs gaprezidentebamde sakmaod<br />

warmatebiT iyenebda saqarTvelos nacionaluri moZraobis<br />

lideri mixeil saakaSvili. magaliTad, oponent naTelaSvilTan<br />

erT-erTi satelevizio debatebis dros, mas sityvac<br />

ar dauZravs piradad naTelaSvilis an misi partiis araswor<br />

qmedebaze. samagierod, sajarod gamofina naTelaSvilis<br />

partiaSi meore kacis saeWvo moqmedeba, riTac oponenti mwyobridan<br />

gamoiyvana da aiZula Tavi emarTlebina.<br />

g) dartyma wels qvemoT. Jurnalistebi obieqts uteven<br />

im iaraRiT, rasac ar iyeneben sxva obieqtebis winaaRmdeg.<br />

ufro zustad, samzeoze gamoaqvT obieqtis is nakli (namdvili<br />

an gamogonili), romelic saerToa sxva obieqtebisTvisac.<br />

magaliTad, profesor jaba ioselians gamudmebiT<br />

akritikebdnen misi kriminaluri warsulis gamo, Tumca,<br />

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igive nakli ar gauxsenebiaT deputatobis sxva kandidatisTvis.<br />

soflis meurneobis yofil ministrs, bakur guluas,<br />

akritikebdnen amerikuli grantebis `SeWmisTvis~,<br />

Tumca, biujetis ZarcvisTvis aravis gaukritikebia finansTa<br />

yofili ministri Wkuaseli.<br />

moqalaqeTa kavSirs akritikebdnen, rom ar gaaCnda qveynis<br />

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis (gnebavT, teritoriuli<br />

mTlianobis aRdgenis) mkafio gegma, Tumca, aseTi gegma ar<br />

gaaCnda arc erT sxva politikur Zalas.<br />

d) iumori, sarkazmi, satira, ironia. Jurnalisturi<br />

arsenalis am gamanadgurebeli iaraRiT SesaZlebelia araraobad<br />

iqces nebismieri politikuri oponentis Sexedulebebi,<br />

ideebi, doqtrinebi, mTeli moRvaweoba. oRond,<br />

saWiroa zomiereba da udidesi taqti. arafers vambob imaze,<br />

rom am iaraRis warmatebiT gamoyeneba SeuZlia mxolod<br />

iumoris niWiT dajildoebul adamianebs.<br />

roca iumori (sarkazmi, ironia) SeuracxyofaSi gadaizrdeba,<br />

igi yovelgvar azrsa da mniSvnelobas kargavs.<br />

Tanac, am iaraRis gamoyeneba ar SeiZleba pirovnebis fizikuri<br />

naklis xazgasasmelad. roca iumori SeuracxyofaSi<br />

gadadis, igi, rogorc wesi, momakvdinebel iaraRad<br />

avtorsve ubrundeba. niWier adamians sasacilos danaxva<br />

TviT tragikul situaciaSic ki SeuZlia. vinaidan bunebaSi<br />

ar arsebobs unaklo adamiani, iumoris asparezic usazRvroa.<br />

Tumca, vimeoreb, saWiroa zomiereba.<br />

e) asociaciuri braldebebi. esec sakmaod popularuli<br />

Jurnalisturi teqnikaa _ sazogadoebis yuradRebis centrSi<br />

xvdeba romelime politikuri jgufis an misi lideris<br />

namdvili an gamogonili amoraluri midrekilebebi. faqtobrivad,<br />

presaSi gamoqveynebulma amgvarma braldebebma<br />

imsxverpla saqarTvelos uSiSroebis sabWos yofili Tavmjdomare<br />

nugzar sajaia (Tavi moikla). gTxovT, yuradReba<br />

miaqcioT im faqtsac, rom presis mxridan iyo sajaias mimarT<br />

gamoTqmuli braldebebis sxva pirebze gavrcelebis mcdelobebic.<br />

Tavis droze, daaxloebiT aseTive asociaciuri<br />

braldebebi gamoiTqva zurab Jvanias, miSa saakaSvilisa da<br />

sxvaTa mimarTac.<br />

5. yalbi neitraliteti. amis magaliTebs yoveldRiurad<br />

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vxedavT msoflios telearxebze. sainformacio gadacemebis<br />

redaqtorebi (wamyvanebis uaqtiuresi monawileobiT)<br />

cdiloben, programis wamyvani neitralur pirovnebad<br />

warmoaCinon. am dros aSkaraa, rom mTlianad gadacema da,<br />

bunebrivia, wamyvanic mondomebiT emsaxurebian romeli-<br />

Rac politikuri Zalis interesebs. bunebrivia, es keTdeba<br />

SefarviT, araprofesionalisTvis dafarulad. Tavs<br />

uflebas mivcem, ganzraxvis SeniRbvis uamravi variantidan<br />

ramdenime SemogTavazoT:<br />

a) yalbi komplimenti. Jurnalisti Tavmdablad aRniSnavs<br />

politikuri moRvawis inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebs,<br />

Semdeg ki mTlianad uaryofs naTqvams da amiT miwas-<br />

Tan asworebs oponents. magaliTad, Jurnalisti ambobs,<br />

rom deputati zurab qafianiZe aris kargi msaxiobi, Tamada,<br />

moleqse, politikuri moRvawe da lingvisti. Semdgom saubarSi<br />

ki arkvevs, rom parlamentSi moRvaweobis ganmavlobaSi<br />

qafianiZes monawileoba ar miuRia arc erTi kanonis<br />

SemuSavebaSi, parlaments ar gauTvaliswinebia misi arc<br />

erTi winadadeba, mis Teoriul naSromebs ar aRiarebs arc<br />

erTi mecnieri, xolo ar akritikeben imis gamo, rom Rirseul<br />

partniorad ar miaCniaT. aqedan gamomdinare, xelT<br />

SegvrCeba politikuri moRvawis aseTi portreti _ yofili<br />

msaxiobi, Tamada, moleqse, anu SemTxveviTi kaci politikur<br />

elitaSi. amave dros, obivatelis TvalSi Jurnalisti `obieqturia~.<br />

man warmoaCina pirovnebis naklica da Rirsebac.<br />

sinamdvileSi, man yalbi komplimentebis gamoyenebiT `gaaSiSvla~<br />

erTi politikosi da amiT saqme gaukeTa meores.<br />

b) yalbi kritika. es gaxlavT yalbi komplimentis Sebrunebuli<br />

varianti. Jurnalisti mamacurad akritikebs,<br />

vTqvaT, deputat miSvelaZis mosazrebas piradobis damadasturebeli<br />

dokumentebidan erovnebis mimaniSnebeli<br />

rekvizitis amoRebasTan dakavSirebiT. Tavisi poziciis<br />

gansamtkiceblad ki mohyavs iseTi (ususuri) argumentebi,<br />

romlebic iolad imsxvreva deputatis `rkiniseburi~<br />

logikiT. sabolood, mayurebelTa (msmenelTa, mkiTxvelTa)<br />

cnobierebaSi rCeba mamulisTvis Tavdadebuli politikosis<br />

xati. Jurnalistis (siuJetis damkveTis) mizanic es iyo.<br />

g) seriuli siyalbe. me, Jurnalisti, viwyeb saqarT-<br />

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velos prezidentis postze xuTive kandidatis kritikas.<br />

ganvixilav pirveli oTxis Secdomebs, xolo mexuTeze...<br />

vcvli saubris Temas. amiT auditorias vaiZuleb ifiqros<br />

pirveli oTxis Secdomebze. imis garda, rom, me, Jurnalisti,<br />

obieqturi analitikosis saxels vixveW, sazogadoebas<br />

mexuTis (anu Cemi favoritis) sasargeblod ganvawyob.<br />

Tanac, ukan dasaxev gzasac vitoveb _ me xom `mexuTe~ ar<br />

Semiqia, metic, masze krintic ar damiZravs!<br />

***<br />

is, rac zemoT mogaxseneT, ar aris gamonagoni, miT<br />

ufro, ar aris sauniversiteto Teoriuli Jurnalistikis<br />

Semadgeneli nawili. darwmunebuli var da Tqvenc darwmunebuli<br />

brZandebodeT, rom msoflios arc erT universitetSi<br />

Jurnalistikis fakultetis studentebs manipulatorebad<br />

da falsifikatorebad ar wvrTnian. samwuxarod,<br />

kacobriobas TviTon cxovrebam ukarnaxa presis `axali~<br />

daniSnuleba. vimeoreb, es aris uZlieresi da utyuari<br />

iaraRi niWieri adamianebis xelSi. aq gangeb ar vxmarob<br />

gansazRvrebas `wesieri~, vinaidan presiT politikur manipulirebas<br />

saerTo bevri araferi aqvs wesierebasTan,<br />

anu moralTan. magram vidre arsebobs politikuri dapirispirebebi,<br />

e. w. `politikuri TamaSebi~ da arsebobs presa,<br />

iarsebebs uzarmazari moTxovna kanonierebis CarCoSi moqceul<br />

`uweso TamaSebze~. es araeTikuria, amoraluria,<br />

magram es aris mecniereba, romlis ucodinrad da gamouyeneblad<br />

xelisuflebamde verasodes ver miaRwevs verc<br />

erTi wesieri adamiani (Homo moralis).<br />

Zveli axali samyaro<br />

zemoT Sevecade, Zalian mokled da Zalian zogadad Semexsenebina<br />

TqvenTvis politikis raoba da XXI saukunis dasawyisis<br />

saqarTveloSi Seqmnili politikuri viTareba. ra<br />

Tqma unda, axali araferi miTqvams, vinaidan, am Temaze axlis<br />

Tqma TiTqmis SeuZlebelia. samwuxarod, arc ise mamaci<br />

var, rom kacobriobis istoriaSi platonis, aristoteles,<br />

381

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Toma akvinelis, makiavelis, hobsis, kantis, hegelis, sxvaTa<br />

arsebobis Sesaxeb vicode da politologiaSi axali sityvis<br />

Tqma gavbedo. Tanac, saqarTveloSi TavzexelaRebulebi<br />

uCemodac sakmarisze metia.<br />

rogorc didi frangi ganmanaTlebeli, Jan de labriuieri<br />

brZanebda, `zeimebiT, sanaxaobebiT, siamovnebebiT,<br />

simdidriT, fufunebiT xalxis miZineba, zizil-pipiloebiT<br />

moTafvla da misi pativmoyvare, usasoo da umaqnis<br />

brbod gadaqceva aris is utyuari politika, rasac uxsovari<br />

droidan mraval saxelmwifoSi mimarTaven.~<br />

Jan de labriuieris gardacvalebidan (1696 w.) sam saukuneze<br />

meti xnis Semdeg totalitaruli saxelmwifoebi isev<br />

arseboben, Zalauflebas isev eltvian, droSebs isev afrialeben,<br />

isev cruoben da isev Zaladoben. saqarTveloSic<br />

axali araferia, magram es viTareba namdvili demokratiisa<br />

da TavisuflebisTvis brZolaze uaris argumentad ar<br />

gamodgeba. xolo rom ibrZolo, unda kargad icode, ratom<br />

da ris winaaRmdeg ibrZvi. iaraRiT xelSi brZolas ar vgulisxmob<br />

_ sityviT gamoxatuli goni xmalze gacilebiT<br />

basri da efeqturia.<br />

Cven, msoflios bevri saxelmwifos xalxebTan erTad,<br />

jer kidev vcxovrobT sicruis samefoSi, sadac moqmedebs<br />

realuri socializmis (gnebavT, realuri faSizmis) sami<br />

ZiriTadi principi:<br />

boroti da keTili Zalebi mudam iyofdnen qveynierebas<br />

da ase iqneba sikeTis saboloo gamarjvebamde (anu<br />

ase iqneba usasrulod);<br />

partia mudam da yvelas winaSe marTalia;<br />

sabWoTa kavSiri sikeTis da samarTlianobis gansaxierebaa<br />

(benetoni).<br />

is yvela xmalzec ufro basri da efeqturi iaraRi, weRan<br />

rom vaxsene, xelSi Jurnalistikas uWiravs (unda eWiros!)<br />

da gordias kvanZis gaxsnas, anu analizs da saRi sazogadoebrivi<br />

azris Seqmnas, swored is unda emsaxurebodes.<br />

swored man unda daanaxos Tanamoqalaqeebs is sabediswero<br />

istoriuli paralelebi, razec zemoT visaubreT da, mgoni,<br />

gunebac wagixdineT.<br />

swored Jurnalistikam unda daasabuTos sruli uni-<br />

382

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adagoba yvela totalitaruli xelisuflebis mtkicebisa,<br />

TiTqos xelisuflebaSi misi mosvliT `Zveli samyaro axliT<br />

Seicvala~; rom sityva, axalia, saqme _ Zveleburi; rom<br />

jer ar wasula reJimebis dro; rom `jerarnaxul, argagonil~<br />

demokratiasa da brwyinvale gamarjvebaze layboba<br />

naadrevia.<br />

totalitaruli reJimis pirobebSi <strong>Jurnalistikaze</strong><br />

saubari Zalian Znelia, vinaidan, presa, mTlianad masmedia,<br />

usastikes marwuxebSi eqceva. Tu mas davumatebT mosaxleobis<br />

udidesi umravlesobis materialur siduxWires, Jurnalistikis<br />

mdgomareoba tragikulad SeiZleba Sefasdes<br />

_ igi yofna-aryofnis mijnaze dgas. saqarTvelosnair, SedarebiT<br />

patara qveynebSi es tragizmi kidev ufro mwvave,<br />

mniSvnelovani da TvalSisacemi xdeba. problemebi Tanamedrove<br />

liberaluri demokratiis qveynebis Jurnalistikis<br />

winaSec dgas, magram isini, ZiriTadad, SemoqmedebiTi da<br />

konceptualuri xasiaTisaa. Tanac, problemebis gadaWraSi<br />

Jurnalistur wreebTan erTad aqtiurad monawileoben sxva<br />

SemoqmedebiTi kavSirebi, saxelisuflo da opoziciuri<br />

politikuri partiebi, sazogadoebrivi da arasamTavrobo<br />

organizaciebi, biznesjgufebi, saxelmwifo struqturebi,<br />

mecenatebi, samecniero wreebi, studenturi organizaciebi<br />

da a. S. anu srulfasovani, Zlieri, Tavisufali Jurnalistikis<br />

arsebobiT gulwrfelad dainteresebulia yvela,<br />

maT Soris, xelisuflebac da opoziciac. es im ubralo<br />

mizeziT xdeba, rom yvelam icis uryevi WeSmariteba: Tavisufali<br />

presa xels uwyobs sazogadoebis, qveynis winsvlas;<br />

presis TavisuflebiT SeiZleba Sefasdes mTlianad qveyanaSi<br />

arsebuli demokratiis, moqalaqeTa uflebebisa da<br />

Tavisuflebebis xarisxi.<br />

moqalaqeTa uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi ki liberaluri<br />

demokratiis qveynebSi Zalze Zvirad fasobs.<br />

XX saukunis 90-iani wlebidan, cota ufro adrec, qar-<br />

Tul JurnalistikaSi imedismomcemi moZraoba SeiniSneboda<br />

_ gaCnda movlenaTa seriozuli analizis tendenciebi.<br />

ra Tqma unda, iyo gulubryvilobac, tendenciurobac,<br />

ura-patriotizmic, wminda teqnikuri wunic, magram mainc,<br />

Jurnalistika midioda im adgilisaken, rac mas demokra-<br />

383

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tiuli sazogadoebis cxovrebis kanonebiT ekuTvnoda. igi<br />

TandaTan yalibdeboda racionalur avtoritetad, angariSgasawev<br />

Zalad mTeli sazogadoebisTvis. upirveles<br />

yovlisa, es exeba saxelmwifo televiziis I da II arxebs,<br />

gazeTebs `literaturul saqarTvelos~, `Tbiliss~, `rezonanss~<br />

`drons~, `7 dRes~, zogierT regionul televizias<br />

da beWdur gamocemas.<br />

am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia gazeT `dronis~<br />

fenomeni. swored man pirvelma SesZlo redaqciis irgvliv<br />

Semoekriba moazrovne adamianebis didi jgufi da Seeqmna<br />

e.w. gonebrivi centri, romelmac 1991 wlidan moyolebuli,<br />

aT weliwadze met xans iarseba.<br />

`dronis~ Semdeg am rolis Sesruleba scades gazeTebma<br />

`literaturulma saqarTvelom,~ `24 saaTma~ da `saqarTvelos<br />

respublikam~, telearxebma `iberiam~, `rusTavi 2~ma,<br />

`mzem~, `imedma~, `I arxma~, `kavkasiam~, `202~-ma, magram am<br />

wamowyebidan araferi ar gamovida da arc SeiZleboda gamosuliyo.<br />

saqme is aris, rom istoriulad, revoluciebs sZulT<br />

Tavisufali azri, radgan misi eSiniaT. ubralod, aseTia<br />

revoluciebis buneba.<br />

evropasa da amerikaSi ganswavluli, Tanamedrove dasavlur<br />

civilizacias naziarebi qarTuli revoluciis `mamebi~,<br />

marTalia, sityviT ibrZodnen sityvis Tavisuflebisa<br />

da qveyanaSi demokratizmis principebis dasamkvidreblad,<br />

magram zustad im dRemde, vidre xelisuflebaSi mividodnen.<br />

Tundac, maTi brZolis meTodebidan gamomdinare, gonieri<br />

adamianisTvis Zneli sulac ar iyo revolucionerTa<br />

namdvili da saboloo miznis gamocnoba _ partia-hegemonis<br />

Seqmna da xelisuflebis sruli uzurpacia. 1995 wlidan<br />

moyolebuli, 2003 wlis Semodgomamde `axalgazrda<br />

reformatorebma~ qveynis mTeli mediasivrcis mniSvnelovan<br />

nawilze sakuTari kontrolis damyareba SeZles. cota<br />

ucnaurad mogeCvenebaT, magram revolucionerTa Setevebs<br />

seriozuli winaaRmdegoba uRaribesma qarTulma beWdurma<br />

mediam gauwia. Tumca, gamosavali aqac gamoinaxa _<br />

revoluciamde karga xniT adre gamovida momxiblavi revoluciuri<br />

lozungebiT gaJRenTili da qarTuli sinamd-<br />

384

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vilisTvis SesaniSnavad dafinansebuli mravalgverdiani<br />

yoveldRiuri gazeTi (`24 saaTi~), sxvadasxva mizeziT daixura<br />

zogierTi saRad moazrovne gamocema (`dilis gazeTi~,<br />

`droni~, `respublika~). sxvebisTvis ki xelisuflebam<br />

marTlac novatoruli xerxi gamoiyena _ sruli ugulebelyofa.<br />

piradad amerikaSi naswavlma da amerikuli politikuri<br />

wreebis aSkara mxardaWeriT gaprezidentebulma<br />

mixeil saakaSvilma ramdenjerme sajarod (televiziiT!)<br />

ganacxada, qarTul gazeTebs ar vkiTxulobo da sxvebsac<br />

amisken mouwoda. es `sxvebi~, bunebrivia, sxvadasxva rangis<br />

saxelmwifo Cinovnikebi iyvnen da prezidentis `rCeva~<br />

kanonad da mowyalebad miiCnies.<br />

Zalian gTxovT, warmoidgineT romelime evropuli qveynis<br />

prezidenti, romelsac Zilis win TavSi amgvari azri<br />

gauelvebs da diliT isev prezidentad gaiRviZebs!<br />

revoluciis Semdeg, pirvelive TveebSi xelisuflebam,<br />

mcire gamonaklisis garda, mTeli qarTuli eleqtronuli<br />

mediis monopolizeba moaxerxa: gauqmda telekompania<br />

`iberia~, gaCerda `202~, saswrafod Caesvena erTob simpa-<br />

Tiuri telekompania `mzis~ mze _ igi saxelisuflebo<br />

telekompania `rusTavi 2-ma~ SeiZina, TviTon `rusTavi<br />

2-dan~ gaaTavisufles revoluciaSi Rvawldadebuli Jurnalistebi,<br />

absoluturi kontroli daamyares `pirvel<br />

arxze~ da `aWaraze~, aSkarad daaSines milioner badri patarkaciSvilis<br />

telekompania `imedi~, romelic ambiciebis<br />

dakmayofilebas qveyanaSi Seqmnili mZime socialuri viTarebis,<br />

policiis TviTnebobis da saprotesto mitingebis<br />

amsaxveli siuJetebiT Seecada...<br />

satelevizio ekranebi mTlianad daipyro udablesi<br />

xarisxis, ucnob qarTul Jargonze Targmnilma samxre-<br />

Tamerikulma serialebma.<br />

dasavluri kulturis codnaze pretenziis mqone qar-<br />

Tulma provinciul-revoluciurma xelisuflebam, sruli<br />

SemadgenlobiT(!) kategoriuli uari ganacxada... nebismieri<br />

donis teledebatebze! xelisuflebaSi misvlidan<br />

mTeli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi qarTul beWdur presaSi ar<br />

gamoCenila xelisuflebis arc erTi warmomadgenlis arc<br />

erTi, vimeoreb, arc erTi analitikuri statia!<br />

385

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2005 wels `saqarTvelos respublikaSi~ gamovaqveyne<br />

sakmaod vrceli werilebis ori seria rubrikebiT `axali<br />

politikuri leqsikoni~ da `Teqvsmeti nabiji diqtaturisken~<br />

(sul ocamde werili). es iyo analitikuri publicistika<br />

istoriuli analogiebiT da Tanamedrove qarTuli<br />

politikur-socialuri viTarebis mZafri SefasebebiT.<br />

gamomexmaurnen dedamiwis TiTqmis yvela kuTxeSi<br />

mcxovrebi qarTvelebi, saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi qarTuli<br />

inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi, ubralo adamianebi _<br />

zogi dameTanxma, zogma gamamxneva, zogs Cemi daskvnebi da<br />

daxatuli suraTi gadaWarbebulad moeCvena, zogma piriqiT<br />

_ gambedaoba damiwuna...<br />

arc oficialurad, arc piradad ar gamomxmaurebia xelisuflebis<br />

(anu partia-hegemonis, anu partia-saxelmwifos<br />

_ nacionaluri moZraobis) arc erTi Ciniani warmomadgeneli<br />

da arc erTi opoziciuri partiis arc erTi e. w.<br />

lideri!<br />

erTi genialuri qarTuli (kaxuri) simReris teqsti<br />

maxsendeba: `pursa sWamen da Rvinos smen, simReras ar ityviano,<br />

ar vici, vismes hglovoben, ar vici, ar iciano...~ mec<br />

ar vici, ra vifiqro _ erT sufrasTan msxdom im Cvens axalgazrda<br />

revoluciur xelisuflebas da mis oponentebs<br />

siCumis aRTqma hqondaT dadebuli, Tu mSobliur qarTul<br />

enaze werilobiT an sityvierad azris gadmocema ar See-<br />

ZloT.<br />

es ise, xumrobiT, sinamdvileSi, albaT, xelisuflebas<br />

seriozuli polemikis doneze saTqmeli marTlac araferi<br />

hqonda. rac Zalian sagulisxmoa, saTqmeli ar hqonda arc<br />

oficialur opozicias. vgulisxmob im politikur Zalebs,<br />

romlebic xelisuflebis uSveri lanZRva-ginebiT aTenaRamebdnen.<br />

amis mizezi is unda iyos, rom damoukidebeli saqarTvelos<br />

yvela xelisuflebis ZiriTadi opoziciuri Zalebi<br />

saxelisuflo wiaRidan iSvnen: prezident gamsaxurdias<br />

`mrgvali magidis~ xelisuflebis damxobis organizatorebad<br />

gamsaxurdiasve Tavgadakluli momxreebi mogvevlinen;<br />

prezident SevardnaZis `moqalaqeTa kavSiris~ xelisufleba<br />

SevardnaZis yvelaze erTgulma momxreebma<br />

386

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daamxes; saakaSvilis `nacionaluri moZraobis~ yvelaze radikalur<br />

mowinaaRmdegeTa rigebic im adamianebma Seavses,<br />

vinc guSin `nacionaluri moZraobis~ yvelaze `cnobadi saxeebi~<br />

iyvnen. daqsaqsulma da mravalTavianma opoziciurma<br />

partiebma sazogadoebas ver SesTavazes qveynis ganviTarebis<br />

metnaklebad realuri da damajerebeli koncefcia;<br />

ver moaxerxes gaerTianeba da xelisuflebisTvis angariSgasawev<br />

Zalad Camoyalibeba; maT rigebs, iseve, rogorc Tavis<br />

droze partia-saxelmwifo `komunistur partias~, partia-saxelmwifo<br />

`moqalaqeTa kavSirs~, partia-saxelmwifo<br />

`nacionalur moZraobas~ uamravi medrove da vigindara<br />

mietmasna. Seqmnili tragikuli viTarebis seriozuli da<br />

yovelmxrivi analizis nacvlad, sazogadoebam miiRo isev<br />

is, rasac mas Tavis droze sTavazobdnen komunisturi,<br />

zviadisturi, SevardnaZiseuli reJimebis mowinaaRmdegeebi.<br />

SegviZlia cota ufro Sorsac wavideT: xruSCovis<br />

kompartia sastikad akritikebda stalinisas, breJnevisa _<br />

xruSCovisas, andropov-Cernenkosi _ breJnevisas, gorba-<br />

Covisa _ yvela winamorbedisas erTad, elcinisa _ gorba-<br />

Covisas... anu icvlebodnen politikuri figurebi, reJimi<br />

ki Zveleburi rCeboda.<br />

xalxis mexsiereba arc ise moklea, rogorc es axalgamomcxvar<br />

`liderebs~ hgoniaT. xalxi, marTalia, pasiuria<br />

(stenka razinis epoqisgan gansxvavebiT, SurdulebiT, fiwlebiT<br />

da najaxebiT SeiaraRebuli, jerjerobiT, quCebSi<br />

ar gamodis da masobriv darbevebs ar iwyebs), magram mas<br />

yvelaferi axsovs da amitom iseve ver endoba opozicias,<br />

rogorc xelisuflebas. Tavisas Svreba komunisturi memkvidreobac<br />

_ mainc araferi gamogviva!<br />

gindaT, rom gaqebdnen?<br />

presam, Tavisi epoqis da Tavisi sazogadoebis RviZlma<br />

Svilma, XXI saukunis dasawyisis saqarTveloSi, istoriis<br />

uaRresad mniSvnelovan etapze gaTamaSebul dramaSi mTavari<br />

gmiris rolze uari Tqva da sapatio stumris loJa-<br />

Si Tvlema amjobina. vinmes ki ar vsayvedurob, ubralod,<br />

387

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mogaxsenebT sakuTari dakvirvebis Sedegs, rac, SesaZloa,<br />

mcdaric iyos.<br />

damoukidebel saqarTveloSi Jurnalistikis done daeca-meTqi,<br />

namdvilad ver vityvi, radgan sabWoTa saqarTveloSi<br />

Jurnalistikis raime doneze saubari Zalze saWoWmano<br />

sakiTxia. sxva saqmea, rom iyvnen niWieri Jurnalistebi,<br />

romlebsac ar hqondaT sakuTari niWis da SesaZleblobebis<br />

gamJRavnebis saSualeba da ufleba. rogorc vTqvi,<br />

jer `7 dRem~ da `dronma~, Semdeg `rezonansma~, `24 saaTma~<br />

da `saqarTvelos respublikam~ scades analitikosis, gzis<br />

maCveneblis da, Sesabamisad, sazogadoebrivi azris warmmarTvelis<br />

rolis tvirTva, magram maTi mcdeloba kraxiT<br />

damTavrda. presam ver SesZlo raime zegavlena moexdina<br />

egreT wodebul reformebze samarTlebriv da ganaTlebis<br />

sferoebSi, saxelmwifos mowyobis problemebze, xelisuflebis<br />

sagareo, Sida ekonomikur, Tu fiskalur politikaze,<br />

Cinovnikebis TviTnebobis aRkveTaze, Zalian gaxmaurebuli<br />

kriminaluri saqmeebis srulfasovnad gamoZiebaze,<br />

TviT saxelmwifo simbolikis (himni, droSa, gerbi)<br />

dadgenazec ki.<br />

presa da televizia, anu am periodis mTeli qarTuli<br />

Jurnalistika gonebrivi centris, lideris nacvlad Tavad<br />

daeSva brbos doneze. man nebayoflobiT daTmo Suamavlis<br />

roli obieqturad arsebul gonsa da aTasi sazrunaviT<br />

datvirTul sazogadoebas Soris.<br />

Jurnalistikas siyviTlis seni Seeyara. igi, rogorc<br />

qarTuli sazogadoebis didi nawili, lukmapurisTvis, sicocxlis<br />

gadarCenisTvis yoveldRiur gawamawiaSi Caeba.<br />

ar vambob, rom xelisuflebas, mis gadawyvetilebebs,<br />

kanonebs, pirovnebebs, faqtebs da movlenebs ar akritikebdnen.<br />

`rezonansi~, `asaval-dasavali~, `alia~, `jorjian<br />

Taimsi~, `qronika~, `axali versiebi~ da sxva, marTlac<br />

xmalamoRebuli ibrZodnen, magram es brZola Tavidanve<br />

ganwiruli iyo dasamarcxeblad, radgan ar arsebobda araviTari<br />

strategia, ar Canda gamokveTili mizani, ar Canda<br />

movlenaTa analizi, ar iyo optimaluri gzis miniSnebis<br />

mcdeloba. saakaSvili da misi xelisufleba cudia! _ da<br />

meti araferi.<br />

388

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isic sainteresoa, rom am periodis presa iseve erideboda<br />

opoziciis konstruqciul kritikas, rogorc odesRac<br />

komunisturi presa erideboda sabWoTa reJimis kritikas.<br />

magaliTad, qarTul masmediaSi Zalian mware SeniSvnebi<br />

gamoiTqva prezident saakaSvilis misamarTiT, roca man<br />

erTmaneTSi auria SoTa rusTaveli da grigol orbeliani.<br />

Tumca, igive ar momxdara, roca leiboristebis liderma<br />

naTelaSvilma erTmaneTSi auria anderseni da Zmebi<br />

grimebi. anu nacionaluri partiis iqneb samarTliani, magram<br />

aSkarad dausabuTebeli kritikiT me, saqarTvelos<br />

moqalaqe unda mivmxvdariyavi, rom Zalian kargia leiboristuli<br />

partia. miT ufro, Tu am partiis namdvili gegmebi<br />

CemTvis aravis ar gaucvnia!<br />

mimtkicebdnen (samarTlianad!), rom, vTqvaT, samtrediis<br />

gamgeblis TanamdebobisTvis aSkarad Seuferebeli<br />

iyo vinme avTo sturua, magram ar meubnebodnen, ratom iyo<br />

am TanamdebobisTvis zedgamoWrili deputat zviad ZiZiguris<br />

Zma, koba!<br />

amomrCeveli, ra Tqma unda, amgvar logikas ver eTanxmeba<br />

da, sabolood, mTeli es Tavgamodebuli antisaxelisuflo<br />

kampania wyals asxams swored xelisuflebis wisqvilze.<br />

SegaxsenebT, rom Cven vsaubrobT ara Jurnalistikis<br />

politikaze, aramed, zogadad, Jurnalistikis da politikis<br />

urTierTdamokidebulebasa da urTierT zegavlenaze.<br />

totalitaruli reJimis, ufro zustad, Tanamedrove<br />

modernizebuli totalitaruli reJimis pirobebSi es<br />

zegavlena calmxrivia _ reJimi ar cnobs Jurnalistikis<br />

Tavisuflebas. qarTul Jurnalistikas saqmes kidev ufro<br />

urTulebs dabali profesionalizmi, istoriuli usaxelmwifoebriobis<br />

gancda, demokratiuli Jurnalisturi<br />

tradiciebis simwire, materialuri siduxWire, srulfasovani<br />

Jurnalisturi skolebis faqtobrivi ararseboba<br />

da, ra Tqma unda, bizneswreebis Jurnalistikisadmi zerele,<br />

xSirad nihilisturi damokidebuleba, rac, Tavis<br />

mxriv, biznesisadmi reJimis damokidebulebis pirdapiri<br />

Sedegia.<br />

Tumca, naTqvami ar niSnavs, rom Jurnalistika unda elodos,<br />

rodis moiRebs mowyalebas reJimi da misdami keTil-<br />

389

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ganwyobas gamoiCens. XXI saukunis dasawyisis qarTul JurnalistikaSi<br />

bevri niWieri da mamaci adamiani moRvaweobs.<br />

saWiroa maTi Zalebis gaerTianeba da erTi miznisken<br />

warmarTva. amas ki dro unda.<br />

Tu istorias vendobiT, es dro dadgeba. ai, maSin ki aucileblad<br />

gaixseneT brZeni frangi Jan de la briuieri*:<br />

`zogi (Jurnalisti) qebis da didebis Rirsia imis<br />

gamo, rom kargad wers, zogi ki imis gamo, rom, saerTod,<br />

arafers ar wers~.<br />

Tqvenc ecadeT, mudam qeba daimsaxuroT.<br />

390

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Tavi XIII<br />

ena da Jurnalistika<br />

2004 wlis seqtember-oqtomberSi safuZvlianad Seviswavle<br />

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros<br />

mier momzadebuli kanonproeqti zogadi ganaTlebis<br />

Sesaxeb (koduri saxelwodebiT `ilia WavWavaZe~).<br />

mxolod karga xnis Semdeg davadgine, rom am kanonproeqtis<br />

da mTlianad `ganaTlebis reformis~ erT-erTi Semoqmedi<br />

da sulisCamdgmeli yofila filosofiis profesori<br />

gigi TevzaZe.<br />

dokumentis wakiTxvis Semdeg pirveli STabeWdileba<br />

Tavzardamcemi iyo _ kanonproeqtis avtorebma ar ician<br />

mSobliuri ena! arcodnaSi vgulisxmob qarTuli enis gramatikas,<br />

leqsikas, orTografias, punqtuacias, azris werilobiT<br />

gadmocemis xelovnebas.<br />

rogorc gairkva, enTuziast-reformatorTa jgufs,<br />

romelsac, maTive `naSromidan~ gamomdinare, erTob bundovani<br />

warmodgena hqonda kanonSemoqmedebaze, samarTalze,<br />

pedagogikaze, marTvaze, ganaTlebis sistemaze, qarTuli<br />

enis normebze da profesiul sindisierebazec, ramdenime<br />

ucxo enidan eTargmna ramdenime ucxo qveynis Sesabamisi<br />

kanonebis fragmentebi.<br />

madloba RmerTs, maSin parlamentma ar ganixila es abdaubda.<br />

eWvi maqvs, rom pativcemulma deputatebma ver<br />

daadgines, ra ewera kanonproeqtSi. es is SemTxvevaa, roca<br />

gulwrfelad vuTanagrZnob Cveni parlamentis umravlesobas<br />

_ marTlac Znelia aseTi normebis gageba:<br />

`saqarTvelos mTavroba warudgens dasamtkiceblad<br />

saqarTvelos parlaments zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli<br />

miznebis dokuments~;<br />

`ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministroSi monacem-<br />

Ta registracia iwvevs maT ZalaSi Sesvlas~;<br />

`zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis mimarT, romelic<br />

arsebobs kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piris saxiT,<br />

vrceldeba am kanonis I, II, III da IV Tavebi~;<br />

391

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`am Cvevebis gamomuSaveba unda moxdes saskolo garemos<br />

sruli CarTviT...~<br />

`erovnuli saswavlo gegma _ dokumenti, romelic<br />

moicavs zogadi ganaTlebis yvela safexurisTvis saa-<br />

Tebis ganawilebas, moswavleTa maqsimalur da aucilebel<br />

datvirTvas, im miRwevebis (unar-Cvevebis da codnis)<br />

CamonaTvals, romelsac moswavle unda flobdes yoveli<br />

safexuris damTavrebisas da am unar-Cvevebisa da<br />

codnis miRwevis saSualebebis aRweras~.<br />

ase da ufro uaresic Tavidan bolomde.<br />

ra Tqma unda, minaxavs aranakleb pativcemuli dawesebulebis<br />

mier SeTxzuli bevri aranakleb briyvuli dokumenti,<br />

magram saxeldobr es kanonproeqti imitom gavixsene,<br />

rom igi Seiqmna swored ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministroSi.<br />

Tanac, mtris Tvalis dasayeneblad da moyvris<br />

TvalSi nacris Sesayrelad, saqarTvelos istoriaSi erTerTi<br />

saukeTeso moqarTulis da qarTuli enis udidesi<br />

moamagis _ ilia WavWavaZis saxels amoefara.<br />

enis mniSvnelobaze saubari Sors wagviyvans da, iqneb,<br />

iseT uRranebSi Segvityuos, ukan dabruneba rom gagvi-<br />

Wirdeba. amitom Zalian mokled gavimeoreb oriode Zalian<br />

gavrcelebul mosazrebas.<br />

ena aris eris kulturis gamoxatulebac da pirovnebis<br />

am kulturisadmi kuTvnilebis sazomic.<br />

ena adamianis, pirovnebis gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis<br />

sazomicaa. magaliTad, ena erTnairad mniSvnelovani ar<br />

gaxlavT, vTqvaT, profesor nadiraSvilisTvis* da TavisTvisac<br />

ki moulodnelad gadeputatebuli qalbatoni nadiraZisTvis.<br />

batoni profesorisTvis ena aris instrumenti<br />

urTulesi filosofiuri kategoriebis rac SeiZleba<br />

ubralod (gasagebad) gadmosacemad. amitom, profesoris<br />

ena mdidari, feradi (mravalferovani) da sadaa. qalbatoni<br />

deputatisTvis ki enas aqvs meore deputatisTvis sakuTari<br />

upiratesobis dammtkiceblis funqcia (`iciT, ra, me es magonebs<br />

imas, roca Tqven, isa... sad iyaviT vardebis revoluciis<br />

dros, Tqven ara gaqvT am Temaze saubris ufleba...~).<br />

amitom deputatis ena iseTive primitiulia, rogoric misive<br />

azrovneba.<br />

392

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ena, rogorc komunikaciis saSualeba, azris sworad da<br />

lakoniurad gadmocemis, azris damaxinjebis, an azrebis<br />

dafarvis (kodirebis) xelovnebasac gulisxmobs. sagazeTos<br />

garda, arsebobs mxatvruli sityvis, samarTlis,<br />

diplomatiis, mecnierebis, kompiuteris, brZanebebis, protokolis,<br />

reklamis, Jestebisa da mimikebis, musikis, kinos,<br />

arqiteqturis, futkrebis da a. S. ena.<br />

ena meoradia. pirvelia azri, anu goneba. ena verasodes<br />

ver aswrebs azrs, Tu azri, saerTod, aris. anu enis siRaribe<br />

gonebis SezRudulobaze miuTiTebs. xolo Tu kamaTisas<br />

argumentad Zala (muSti, wixli, dedis gineba) gvevlineba,<br />

saqme srul ugonobasTan gvaqvs.<br />

ukve mesmis protestis xma, rom ena, SesaZloa, Tavad<br />

iyos azrovnebis wyaro, anu adamiani eniT azrovnebdes,<br />

magram piradad me am filosofiuri Teoriis gaziareba Zalian<br />

miWirs.<br />

damimesijeT Tqveni mxardaWera<br />

`Tqvas~ mniSvnelobis gadmosacemad, qarTul enas umdidresi<br />

arsenali aqvs: brZana, ilaparaka, isaubra,<br />

ibaasa, imusaifa, imetyvela, iyvira, iubna, ganacxada,<br />

gaaba, ilayba, ibazra, ilaqlaqa, ikapasa, iratrata,<br />

irakraka, itlikina, itiktika, iJRurtula, ibuxuna,<br />

iWikWika, iwripina, isisina, ijajRana, ijujRuna, iWuk-<br />

Wuka, iCurCula, iwkmutuna, ikakana, iknavla, iTlifina,<br />

iburdRuna, ibRavla, iWaWyana, itatyana, idadRana, idudRuna,<br />

iburtyuna, iyayana, dafqva, iyiyina, dabeWda, be-<br />

Wedi dausva, ena gamoiba, ena miutana, ena moiqava, ena<br />

amoidga, ena ailesa, enaze wavida, ena zurgze gadaigdo,<br />

eniT zurgi moifxana, piri gaaRo, piri aiqafa, piri aiduRa,<br />

gudas piri moxsna, tvini waiRo, tvini SeWama, xma<br />

amoiRo, yuri gaxvrita, yuri waiRo, guli SeaRona, layafi<br />

gaaba, tribuna Caigdo, radio gadaylapa, TviT_mesiji<br />

gaugzavnac ki...<br />

am mravalferovnebidan moazrovne adamiani viTarebisTvis<br />

Sesaferis gamoTqmas irCevs. Tu darbaisel adami-<br />

393

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ans gulisxmobs, ityvis imusaifao; Tu anCxl dedakacs _<br />

ikapasao; Tu vinmes Seuracxyofa surs _ piri aiqafa, tvini<br />

waiRoo; _ Tu viRacis gvelTan Sedareba unda _ isisinao;<br />

Tu lomTan _ ibuxunao, Tu bayayTan _ iyiyinao da ase Semdeg,<br />

usasrulod.<br />

roca saqme politikasTan da politikosebTan gvaqvs,<br />

maSin arCevani SezRudulia _ politikoss ara aqvs ufleba,<br />

Tqvas yvelaferi, rasac gulSi gaivlebs da rac enaze<br />

moadgeba. roca deputati brZanebs, yvela uzrdelobaze<br />

uzrdelobiT vupasuxebo, kolega deputats is vuTxari,<br />

rac daimsaxura da rasac masze vfiqrobo, es zneobis sayovelTao<br />

da katastroful dacemazec metyvelebs da,<br />

zogadad, uvicobazec.<br />

albaT, dajereba gagiWirdebaT, magram rasac axla vityvi,<br />

sruli simarTlea: odesRac, 21-e saukunis dasawyisSi,<br />

saqarTvelos hyavda axalgazrda, energiuli prezidenti,<br />

romelmac ar icoda saliteraturo qarTuli ena da arc<br />

pativs scemda mas. amitom politikuri oponentebis misamarTiT<br />

xSirad imeorebda, `wkmutuneben, yiyineben, aCmaxebeno~.<br />

amiT igi araorazrovnad miuTiTebda im oponentebis<br />

ususurobaze, uWkuobaze da umniSvnelobaze. ase egona<br />

TviTon da amasve gulmodgined imeorebdnen prezidentis<br />

`erTguli~ maRali da dabali rangis Cinovnikebi.<br />

es aris swored enis mniSvnelobis ucodinrobidan momdinare<br />

sabediswero Secdoma. Tu prezidents, mTlianad<br />

xelisuflebas oponenti da xelisSemSleli ara hyavs, raRa<br />

saWiroa saparlamento debatebi da amdeni iwilo-biwilo _<br />

midi da akeTe, rac ginda, gamarjvebebisTvis dafnis gvirgvinic<br />

Sen gergeba da damarcxebisTvis _ riyis qvac.<br />

prezidentma arasodes aravis, TviT mosisxle mtris misamarTiTac<br />

ki ar unda ixmaros aseTi gamoTqmebi: yiyinebs, aCmaxebs,<br />

wkmutunebs, ymuis, bRavis, giJi xom ara xar, meti saqme<br />

ara maqvs, sxva kide ra undaT, ver mogarTvi, nuras ukacravad,<br />

civi wyali dalios, davsji, daviWer, mivuzRav, damna-<br />

Savea, xrova, brbo, vigindarebi, xelmocarulebi, usaqmurebi,<br />

kriminalebi, wurbelebi, mousavleTSi wavida da sxva.<br />

Cveni maSindeli prezidenti Sinac da gareTac, TviT<br />

biujetis kanonis ganxilvis drosac ki sityviT zepirad,<br />

394

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`uSpargalkod~ gamododa. viRacis rCeviT, Tu sakuTari<br />

intuiciiT, darwmunebuli iyo, rom publikas amiT Tavs<br />

ufro moawonebda. esec bavSvuri gulubryvilobaa: erTi<br />

da imave Sinaarsis gamosvlebi, erTi da imave ararsebuli<br />

warmatebebiT kvexna, uadgilo, ukbilo iumoriT Sezavebuli<br />

komentarebi, oponentebis da wina xelisuflebis<br />

gauTavebeli lanZRva-gineba axalgazrda prezidentis saxels<br />

aSkarad vnebda, misi fariseveli `megobrebi~ ki amaze<br />

arafers eubnebodnen. piriqiT, aqezebdnen kidec.<br />

adamianis ganaTleba, kulturosnoba, codna, gazrdiloba,<br />

ganzraxva, ojaxiSviloba, rTuli azrebis ubralod<br />

da koreqtulad gadmocemis unari _ yvelaferi es adamianis<br />

metyvelebidan Cans. samwuxarod, yvelaferi es aklda im<br />

epoqis qarTvel politikosTa udides umravlesobas. rac<br />

mTavaria, swavlis survilic aravis etyoboda.<br />

geficebiT, ar minda politikaze da politikosebze<br />

saubari, magram gverdis avlasac ver vaxerxeb. gTxovT,<br />

waikiTxoT 2003 wlis Semdeg maRal saxelmwifoebriv Tanamdebobebze<br />

daniSnuli pirebis mokle biografiebi. isini<br />

gamoqveynebulia presaSi. uklebliv yvelgan miTiTebulia,<br />

rom aman da aman icis inglisuri, franguli, germanuli, rusuli,<br />

arabuli... ena (ufro zustad, ase weren: flobs ... enas).<br />

arsad, aravis biografiaSi miTiTebuli ar aris, rom am kacma<br />

_ saqarTvelos ministrma, gubernatorma, gamgebelma, deputatma,<br />

departamentis Tavmjdomarem, mosamarTlem... icis<br />

mSobliuri ena. TiTqos sazogadoebis am nawilisTvis mSobliuri<br />

enis codna arc saWiro iyos da arc savaldebulo. amitomac,<br />

pativcemuli politikosebi, ai, ase metyvelebdnen:<br />

_ gTxovT, daafiqsiroT Tqveni Tavi;<br />

_ minda sworad viyo gagebuli;<br />

_ rasac igives iTxovs nato CvenTan;<br />

_ me var amayi da amaRlebuli im zomaze, rom...<br />

_ es aris (aseTia) Cemi mesiji;<br />

_ vimuSaveT da miviReT axali kombinirebuli sistema,<br />

romelic iTvaliswinebs imas, rom adgili hqondes<br />

realur angariSvaldebulebas~..<br />

Mmodi, qarTveli medikosebis Canawerebsac gavecnoT,<br />

darwmunebuli var, Zalian ixalisebT:<br />

395

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_ mimReb ganyofilebaSi avadmyofs guli gauCerda da<br />

Tavi ukeT igrZno;<br />

_ meore dRes muxli ukeT gamoiyureboda, mesame dRes<br />

ki, saerTod, gaqra;<br />

_ miuxedavad gafrTxilebisa, avadmyofma ganavali<br />

mainc sxva klinikaSi datova;<br />

_ avadmyofi yinulze waiqca da fexebi Sua dekemberSi<br />

urTierTsapirispiro mimarTulebiT gaucurda;<br />

_ sunTqvis gaZneleba filtvis SeSupebis aSkara niSnebiT,<br />

avadmyofs daewyo saxlSi, sqesobrivi aqtis dros,<br />

romelic mimReb ganyofilebaSi TandaTan gaurTulda;<br />

_ avadmyofi palataSi ar aris, e. i. mdgomareoba damakmayofilebelia;<br />

_ uCivis mxedvelobas: qaliSvils qalisgan ukve ve-<br />

Rar arCevs;<br />

_ mkurnalobda Sinauri meTodebiT: diliT svamda<br />

arays, sadilad_Rvinos;<br />

_ avadmyofma daniSnuli reJimis darRveviT organizmSi<br />

Seiyvana Semwvari goWi da ajika;<br />

_ avadmyofs aReniSneba mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba:<br />

fexebs ukve damoukideblad Wimavs;<br />

_ avadmyofi depresiaSia da gamudmebiT tiris, amave<br />

dros, Cans, raRacaze gulnatkenia;<br />

_ avadmyofi n. g. asaki 70 weli. Ddiagnozi: mwvave qolecistiti,<br />

Tanmxlebi paTologia _ qalwuloba;<br />

_ avadmyofs aReniSneba coli, ori qaliSvili da sazardulis<br />

Tiaqari...<br />

sicili sicilad, magram am winadadebebis wakiTxvis Semdeg<br />

mec im pacientis mdgomareobaSi var, `gamudmebiT rom<br />

tiris da amave dros, Cans, raRacaze gulnatkenia.~<br />

vfiqrob, komentari ar Rirs. mxolod erT WeSmaritebas<br />

gagaxsenebT _ vinc mSobliuri ena ar icis, sityvis (Lingua)<br />

mniSvneloba ar icis, igi ver iqneba sakuTari eris kulturis<br />

memkvidre da, Sesabamisad, ver iqneba patrioti. anu ver<br />

gamodgeba politikosad. ar vlaparakob enis mecnierul<br />

codnaze, _ ubralod, azris gamarTulad da daumaxinjeblad<br />

gadmocemis SesaZleblobaze mogaxsenebT.<br />

Tumca, ras verCiT `tlu~ deputatebs, roca im Soreul<br />

396

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epoqaSi aseTi winadadebiT saubrobs erT-erTi samecniero-kvleviTi<br />

centris xelmZRvaneli: `davadgineT is mizezebi,<br />

romelTa gamoc moxda Senobis avariuloba~.<br />

guli rom ar dagwydeT, cnobili da saxeliani qarTveli<br />

Jurnalistebis gamoTqmebsac gavixseneb:<br />

_ Tu romeli proeqtiT iqneba aSenebuli, mTeli darbazis<br />

suraTi Tqven saxeze gaqvT;<br />

_ albaT, odnav daagvianebs am Sexvedris gamarTva;<br />

_ axla ki, Tu ras elian is xalxi, romlebic saRamos<br />

koncerts elis;<br />

_ dapirebuli 2000 buSti bavSvebTan erTad saqarTvelos<br />

prezidentmac gaafrina.<br />

modi, arc am winadadebis avtoris gvars gavamxel: `sociologiuri<br />

kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom qveyanaSi saakaSvilis<br />

mere yvelaze reitinguli qalbatoni burjanaZea~.<br />

es sagazeTo informaciaa. miT ufro, gasaocaria misi avtoris<br />

uvicoba Tu windauxedaoba. Tu spiker burjanaZes<br />

qalbatonobiT moixsenieb, prezident saakaSvils raRas<br />

erCi _ is ra, rangiT qalbaton burjanaZeze naklebia?!<br />

Tumca, am winadadebaSi mTavari is aris, rom avtors prezidenti<br />

mixeil saakaSvili mdedrobiTi sqesisa hgonia! amitomac<br />

ambobs, `saakaSvilis Semdeg yvelaze reitinguli<br />

qalbatoni burjanaZea~, anu am ori qalbatonidan (burjanaZe<br />

da saakaSvili) burjanaZe meore adgilzeao...<br />

mecnierebis ena<br />

Tavadac vxvdebi da uTuod Tqvenc SeamCnieT, rom gamoTqma<br />

_ `mecnierebis ena~ _ orazrovani da cota gaugebaricaa.<br />

ar aris naTeli, razea saubari _ mecnierebze,<br />

Tu mecnierebaze. me ki mindoda damewera is, rasac qarTulad<br />

niSnavs `язык науки~ da ara `язык ученых~. bunebrivia,<br />

aseT SemTxvevaSi, sjobda meTqva `mecnieruli ena~ da arc<br />

es axsna-ganmartebebi damWirdeboda. magram maSin gamiWianurdeboda<br />

mTavar saTqmelTan misvla: erTidaigive azri<br />

SeiZleba mravalnairad iTqvas, magram es ar gaxlavT erTferovani<br />

nairgvaroba _ yvela sityvas da gamoTqmas Ta-<br />

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visi konkretuli misamarTi, mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli<br />

elferi, suni da gemo aqvs.<br />

bolo ori saukunis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi gabatonebuli<br />

imperiuli azriT, qarTuli mecnieruli ena unda<br />

yofiliyo mSrali, aucileblad ucxo terminologiiT gadatvirTuli,<br />

mTavari azri Rrmad Camaluli unda yofiliyo<br />

striqonebs Soris, dawerili unda yofiliyo mravlobiT<br />

ricxvSi (aRmovaCineT, davadgineT, gamovikvlieT) da winadadebebi<br />

agebuli unda yofiliyo rusuli enis gramatikis<br />

Sesabamisad. saxelmZRvaneloebi, samecniero literatura,<br />

ZiriTadad, rusulenovani da, nawilobriv, rusulidan Zalian<br />

cudi Targmanis saxiT arsebobda.<br />

viTareba axlac zustad Zveleburia erTaderTi gansxvavebiT<br />

_ inglisuri rusulis nacvlad.<br />

gasaTvaliswinebelia erTi garemoebac _ adre wignebis,<br />

miT ufro, samecniero literaturis gamocema Zneli saqme<br />

iyo (didma mecnierma da mTargmnelma, baCana bregvaZem* Ta -<br />

visi naSromebis gamocema dRemde ver moaxerxa!). axla am<br />

mxriv sruli demokratia, anu sruli ganukiTxaobaa _ oRond<br />

fuli iyos da, gamoeci, rac ginda da ramdenic ginda!<br />

naSromi, romelzec minda oriode sityva vTqva, jer<br />

kidev 1997 wels gamosula. am wigns mxolod qarTuli enis<br />

interesebidan gamomdinare Sevexebi da isic gakvriT,<br />

Torem mis safuZvlian komentars, albaT, mravali wlis<br />

TavauRebeli garja dasWirdeba.<br />

saubaria Jurnalistis da filosofosis (ase uwodebs<br />

avtori sakuTar Tavs), janri kaSias naSromze `Tavisufleba<br />

da federalizmi~.<br />

jer es citata vnaxoT:<br />

`civilizaciaTa tipebis amgvari modelirebis uflebamosilebas,<br />

cxadia, veravin SeewinaaRmdegeba, magram<br />

sakiTxavi swored isaa, am civilizaciaTa makonstituirebel<br />

matricas ra warmoadgens, codnis ra tipologiaSi<br />

(velSi da horizontSi) Tavsdebian isini, ra struqtura<br />

aqvT am tipebs da, arsebiTi sakiTxi: riTi aris<br />

gansazRvruli aRniSnul civilizaciaTa (vTqvaT, ebraulis,<br />

an Cinuris) tipologiuroba? Tu es civilizaciebi<br />

TavisTvis tipologiurebi arian, amgvari nebismieri<br />

398

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civilizaciaa, xolo Tu es civilizaciebi raRac sxva,<br />

ukve cnobili zecivilizaciis mimarT idgenen tipologiurobas,<br />

maSin es zecivilizaciaa jer gansasazRvri da<br />

misi tipologiuroba dasadgeni, da Semdeg ki sxvadasxva<br />

civilizaciebisa, relativistur istoriosofiaSi xan<br />

erebi (ebraeli, Cineli, elini da sxv.) gamodian civilizaciis<br />

tipebad, xan religiebi (qristianuli, budisturi<br />

da sxv.)~.<br />

batoni kaSia am grandiozuli naSromis Seqmnas, albaT,<br />

did dros da energias Sealevda. mizanic friad keTilSobiluri<br />

dausaxavs _ CvenTvis, filosofiaSi arcTu gacnobierebuli<br />

TanamemamuleebisTvis, Tavisuflebisa da<br />

federalizmis arsis warmoCena. madlobis meti ra gveTqmis,<br />

magram aris erTi garemoeba, rac wyalSi yris mecnieris<br />

da Jurnalistis najafs _ ena, romelsac igi sakuTari<br />

naazrevis gadmosacemad irCevs.<br />

samwuxarod, ar mqonia bedniereba batoni kaSias sxva<br />

naSromebic wamekiTxa (`Tavisufleba da federalizmi~<br />

misi pirveli da ukanaskneli naSromi ar iqneba!). imedia,<br />

isini ufro gasageb enaze daiwereboda. albaT, Cemi gauna-<br />

Tleblobis bralia, rom ar mesmis Jurnalistis da filosofosis<br />

aseTi `ubralo~ aRmoCenac ki: `safrangeTis<br />

revoluciam pirveli didi bzari gaaCina safrangeTis<br />

Sidasazogadoebrivi erTobis urTierTgamosacnobobis<br />

TvalsazrisiT~. qarTuli enis gramatikis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

es winadadeba, sjobda, ase daweriliyo: `safrangeTis<br />

Sidasazogadoebrivi erTobis urTierTgamosacnobobaSi<br />

pirveli didi bzari revoluciam gaaCina~.<br />

Tumca, es bevrs verafers Secvlis, radgan ubralo mokvdavTaTvis<br />

gaugebaria mTavari _ `Sidasazogadoebrivi<br />

erTobis urTierTgamosacnoboba~.<br />

`eris~, rogorc socialuri kategoriis gaazreba<br />

garkveul sirTuleebTan aris dakavSirebuli, radgan<br />

am cnebaTa Soris aris garkveuli winaaRmdegoba RirebulebiTi<br />

TvalsazrisiT~.<br />

kaci, romelic enas ase epyroba, am enaze ar unda werdes.<br />

albaT, ajobebda, baton kaSias Tavisi naSromebi frangulad<br />

daewera da mere isini profesional mTargmnels qarTul<br />

399

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enaze eTargmna. nebismieri sakuTari Tavis pativismcemeli<br />

mTargmneli aseT rameebs ar dawerda: `xdeba urTierTobebis<br />

gamwvaveba~; `xdeba viTarebis aRwera~; `aqvs universalizebisaken<br />

miswrafeba~; `ideologizirebuli<br />

azrovneba~; `ontologialuri istoriuloba~; `tiurgos<br />

kalmis qveS warmoqmnili cnebis gamoqveynebisas~;<br />

`am epoqidan erT mxares gvaqvs civilizebuli xalxebi,<br />

meores ki veluri~; `civilizacia warmoadgens kulturis<br />

garkveul formas~...<br />

esec mecnieris naazrevi gaxlavT: `metyveleba intonaciaTa<br />

da registrTa monacvleoba. monotonurobis koSmari<br />

mudam Tan sdevs ritmulad daunawevrebel brwyinvale<br />

striqonebsac. ocneba brunavs wris garSemo. variaciebi<br />

da ganwyobilebaTa triali. moZraoba arsaiT. Caketili<br />

swrafva. cnobierebis usasrulo dineba. zmanebaTa<br />

lenta gvaziarebs realobis darbilebul namsxvrevebs.<br />

feradi fiqrebi musikalur kompoziciad aigeba.<br />

reminiscenciaTa siCqare da simbolikuri parabolebi,<br />

lamazi da rafinirebuli frazebi gadmoSlian furclebs<br />

poetis gonebis wignisa, xolo mis yovel gverds<br />

firfita ewodeba~.<br />

es mravlismetyveli citata aRebulia literaturis<br />

kritikosis, profesor soso siguas statiebisa da monografiebis<br />

krebulidan `avangardizmi qarTul literaturaSi~.<br />

kritikosi rene kalandias poeziaze gvesaubreba. albaT<br />

surs gviTxras, rom mas moswons poetis leqsebi. mgoni, imis<br />

Tqmac surs, ratom moswons da Cven, sabralo mkiTxvelebsac<br />

ratom unda mogvwondes. yvelaferi es iseT burusSia<br />

gaxveuli, gzis gagneba warmoudgenelia. SesaZloa, saqme<br />

ufro prozauladac iyos: kritikoss ar moswons rene kalandias<br />

poezia, xaTrs ver utexs megobar poets da masze<br />

ganzrax iseT rames wers, rasac Zexorcieli Tavs da bolos<br />

ver miabams. arsebobs kidev erTi mosazreba, romelsac batoni<br />

profesori uTuod daeTanxmeba: me, Teimuraz qoriZe<br />

(da nawilobriv Tqvenc, vinc ecadeT da ver CawvdiT siguaseul<br />

striqonebs Soris saimedod Camarxul azrebs!) ver<br />

verkvevi Tanamedrove qarTul avangardul poeziaSi. Se-<br />

400

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sabamisad, rame arc avangarduli poeziis mecnieruli<br />

kritikisa gamegeba... batoni sigua ki sazogadoebis im<br />

nawilisTvis iRvwis, vinc icis da visac gaegeba.<br />

axla mcire xniT mecnierebis sxva sferos, filosofias<br />

mivubrundeT. ufro zustad, gavagrZeloT saubari mecnierebis<br />

enaze.<br />

1999 wels samecniero-popularulma Jurnalma `saqarTvelos<br />

telekomunikacia~ gamosca p. kervaliSvilisa<br />

da n. jiblaZis naSromi `samecniero politikis ramdenime<br />

sakiTxi~. mas win uZRvis CvenTvis ukve nacnobi filosofiis<br />

doqtoris, profesor gigi TevzaZis winasityvaoba. igi sakmaod<br />

mcire moculobisaa da aq mTlianad gTavazobT.<br />

`es wigni unikaluria imiT, rom is, erTi mxriv, saintereso<br />

da sasargeblo SeiZleba aRmoCndes maTTvis, vinc<br />

saqarTveloSi Tavs politikosebs miakuTvnebs, xolo<br />

meore mxriv, isinic unda daainteresos, visac Tavi saqarTvelos<br />

samecniero sazogadoebis wevrad warmoudgenia.<br />

mTavari, rac dReisaTvis SeiZleba iyos Rirebuli qarTveli<br />

mkiTxvelisaTvis am wignSi, aris mecnierebis rolis<br />

da adgilis aRwera rogorc ganviTarebul, aseve ganviTarebad<br />

qveynebSi. garda amisa, wignSi socialisturi<br />

qveynebis mecnierebaTa sistemis saintereso analizia Catarebuli;<br />

rogorc analizidan irkveva, mecnierebis msgavsi<br />

politika da sistema mxolod istoriis sakuTreba ar aris<br />

da Tavs sxvadasxva gamovlinebiT dResac gvaxsenebs.<br />

wignis avtorebi cxadad warmoadgenen, Tu riT gansxvavdeba<br />

ganviTarebuli qveynis mecniereba saxelmwifos<br />

urTierToba sxva qveynebis analogiuri mimarTebebidan:<br />

Tu ganviTarebul qveynebSi politikosebi aqcents akeTeben<br />

mecnierebis politikis SemuSavebaze, socialistur da<br />

post-socialisturi saxelmwifoebis umetesobaSi xelisuflebis<br />

reprezentatorebi Tavs valdebulad Tvlian uxelmZRvanelon<br />

mecnierebis ganviTarebas da erTiani, centralizebuli<br />

marTvis sistema daafuZnon.<br />

idea, romelic am wigns laitmotivad gasdevs, aris mecnierebis<br />

ori saxelmwifo gagebis (ganviTarebuli qveynisaTvis<br />

da socialisturi qveynisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli)<br />

dapirispireba: 1. qveyanaSi arsebuli mecnierebis siste-<br />

401

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ma, rogorc saxelmwifo socialur-politikuri gadawyvetilebis<br />

miRebis monawile, da 2. mecniereba, romelsac<br />

xelisufleba uyurebs rogorc damxmare instruments,<br />

cnobars, romelic yoveli SemTxvevisTvis xelT unda<br />

hqondes.<br />

es analizi miT ufro mniSvnelovania saqarTvelosaTvis,<br />

radganac, sul cota xnis winaT, saqarTvelos mecnierebis<br />

oficialuri sistema sakanonmdeblo doneze dafiqsirda,<br />

rogorc xelisuflebis samecniero mrCeveli.<br />

`samecniero politikis ramdenime sakiTxi~ dainteresebul<br />

mkiTxvels sTavazobs arCevans: an mecnierebis politika<br />

da gaxsnili gza, rogorc gonivruli saxelmwifo<br />

politikis sawarmoeblad, aseve saerTaSoriso samecniero<br />

urTierTobebSi CasarTvelad, an mecnierebis xisti marTva<br />

da kvlav marTvis socialisturi sistemis gadmonaSTebSi<br />

triali.<br />

iseve rogorc adamianis yvela Semoqmedebas, am wignsac<br />

aqvs ramdenime sadavo Tezisi: SeiZleba mecnierebis istoriaSi<br />

gaTviTcnobierebul mkiTxvels zogi adgili sakamaTod<br />

moeCvenos, anda, zogierTi cxrilis marTebulobaSi<br />

daeWvdes. magram, avtorebTan warmoebuli polemika, romelic<br />

maTi naSromis kiTxvis dros warmoiSoba, rogorc<br />

wesi, ufro sainteresod aqcevs wignis gacnobis process<br />

da mkiTxvels aiZulebs ifiqros.<br />

gigi TevzaZe<br />

filosofiur mecnierebaTa doqtori<br />

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesori<br />

ivnisi, 1999~<br />

vnaxoT, ra saxe miiRo profesoris am naazrevma arcTu<br />

safuZvliani stilisturi, gramatikuli da punqtuaciuri<br />

koreqtivebis Semdeg:<br />

`es wigni, SesaZloa, saintereso da sasargeblo<br />

aRmoCndes maTTvis, visac saqarTveloSi Tavi politikosad<br />

an samecniero sazogadoebis wevrad miaCnia.<br />

wignSi gaanalizebulia mecnierebis roli da adgili<br />

ganviTarebul da ganviTarebad qveynebSi: Tu erTgan<br />

402

---

xelisufleba gansakuTrebul yuradRebas mecnierebis<br />

politikis SemuSavebas uTmobs, meoreTa umetesobaSi<br />

mecnierebis xelmZRvanelobas da mecnierebis marTvis<br />

erTiani centralizebuli sistemis damkvidrebas eswrafvis.<br />

wignis dedaazria mecnierebis ori saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

gagebis dapirispireba: qveyanaSi arsebuli mecnierebis<br />

sistema, rogorc saxelmwifoebrivad mniSvnelovani socialur-politikuri<br />

gadawyvetilebebis erT-erTi mim-<br />

Rebi; da mecniereba, romelsac xelisufleba damxmare<br />

instrumentad miiCnevs.<br />

es analizi miT ufro mniSvnelovania saqarTvelosTvis,<br />

radgan axlaxans saqarTvelos mecnierebis sistema<br />

oficialurad aRiares xelisuflebis samecniero<br />

mrCevlad.<br />

`samecniero politikis ramdenime sakiTxi~ dainteresebul<br />

mkiTxvels sTavazobs arCevans _ an mecnierebis<br />

politika da Ria gza gonivruli saxelmwifo politikis<br />

warmarTvisTvis saerTaSoriso samecniero urTierTobaSi<br />

CarTvis mizniT; an mecnierebaze Zaladoba da kvlav<br />

marTvis socialisturi sistemis narCenebSi triali.<br />

bunebrivia, ramdenime sadavo Tezisic SegxvdebaT.<br />

Tumca, avtorebTan kamaTi, rogorc wesi, ufro sainteresod<br />

aqcevs wignis gacnobis process da mkiTxvels<br />

bevr rameze daafiqrebs~.<br />

marTalia, winasityvaoba sagrZnoblad Semcirda, magram<br />

es didi ubedureba ar unda iyos _ fransua rables* `gargantua<br />

da pantagruelis~ germanul Targmans herman hesem*<br />

sul raRac xuTiode striqoni waumZRvara.<br />

geTanxmebiT, didi bedena arc es gasworebuli teqsti<br />

gamovida, magram Zveli Jurnalisturi sibrZne xom gaxsovT<br />

_ SesaZlebelia mxolod kargad dawerilis gasworeba!<br />

albaT, maradiul saidumloebad darCeba, ratom sTxoves<br />

avtorebma pativcemul profesors winasityvaobis dawera<br />

TavianTi naSromisTvis, an profesori ratom daeTanxma avtorebis<br />

Txovnas. me Tu mkiTxavT, gacilebiT sargebliani<br />

iqneboda, naSroms kvalificiuri redaqtori rom hyoloda<br />

_ mSobliuri enisadmi aseTi umagaliTo daudevrobiT<br />

403

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mopyrobis uflebas igi arc wignis avtorebs miscemda da<br />

arc winasityvaobisa.<br />

`haidegeris* mier kiTxvis dasmam ZiriTadi Temis iseTive<br />

amogleja moaxdina inteleqtualuri sivrcidan,<br />

rogorc politikidan. am amoglejam sabolood gansaz-<br />

Rvra aralegitimuri da legitimuri garemos SeWidulobis<br />

da urTierTgadafarvis diskursuli anarekli~<br />

(gigi TevzaZe, `erTi SekiTxvis istoria~, Jurnali `ena da<br />

kultura~).<br />

am citatis pirveli winadadeba, albaT, ase unda daweriliyo:<br />

`haidegeris SekiTxvam ZiriTadi Tema inteleqtualuri<br />

sivrcidanac amoglija da politikidanac~.<br />

anu im cametsityvian winadadebaSi xuTi sityva aSkarad<br />

zedmetia (mier, dasmam, iseTive, moaxdina, rogorc). gansakuTrebiT<br />

sagulisxmoa bolo aTwleulebis qarTulSi<br />

damkvidrebuli trafaretuli sityvaTSeTanxmebani: `haidegeris<br />

mier kiTxvis dasmam~ da `amogleja moaxdina~ (amave<br />

periodis qarTuli teleenis analogiebi: `seriali Targmnilia<br />

telekompania rusTavi oris mier~ da `dajdoma ganaxorciela~).<br />

citatis meore winadadebis Tanamedrove aramecnierul<br />

(adamianur) qarTul enaze Targmna Znelia, magram Tu mas<br />

zedmet sityvebs movaSorebT, miviRebT am martiv winadadebas:<br />

`amoglejam... gansazRvra... anarekli~.<br />

es winadadeba sintaqsurad diaxac gavamartiveT, magram<br />

Sinaarsobrivad isev bundovani darCa. imis gaTvaliswinebiTac<br />

ki, rom `anarekli diskursulia~ da, saer-<br />

Tod, saubari `aralegitimuri da legitimuri garemos<br />

SeWidulobas da urTierTgadafarvas~ Seexeba.<br />

naTqvamiT batoni profesoris xsenebul an sxva naSrom-<br />

Ta mecnieruli Rirebulebis dakninebas sulac ar vapireb.<br />

vlaparakob Zalian saSiS tendenciaze _ qarTuli enisadmi<br />

farisevlur da agdebul damokidebulebaze saqarTvelo-<br />

Si moRvawe sakmaod cnobili qarTveli mecnierebis (politologi,<br />

filologi, filosofosi)... mxridan. darwmunebuli<br />

brZandebodeT, xsenebuli da sxva qarTveli mecnierebi<br />

ucxo enaze msgavsi abdaubdis daweras arc sakuTar Tavs<br />

akadrebdnen da arc im ucxo enas. batoni gigi TevzaZe ki<br />

404

---

mxolod imitom gamovarCie, rom qarTulma revoluciurma<br />

xelisuflebam mas qarTuli ganaTlebis sistemis reformatoris<br />

misiac daakisra da Tbilisis ramdenime prestiJuli<br />

umaRlesi saswavleblis gaerTianebiT miRebuli universitetis<br />

reqtorobac.<br />

reformatori profesoris moRvaweobis Sedegs odesme<br />

aucileblad vnaxavT, magram, samwuxarod, ganaTlebis<br />

sistemaSi reformebis sawyis etapze mis keTil nayofze<br />

saubari, rbilad rom vTqvaT, problematuria. savsebiT<br />

SesaZlebelia, reformebi marTlac ganxorcieldes, magram<br />

gaqres saliteraturo qarTuli ena, anu arseboba Sewyvitos<br />

cocxalma qarTulma kulturam, adaTma da, saerTod,<br />

yvelaferma qarTulma.<br />

ra Tqma unda, arsebobs `mecnierebis~ iseTi enac, romelic<br />

specialurad momzadebul mkiTxvels gulisxmobs<br />

da xSirad gadatvirTulia terminologiiT. savsebiT Sesa-<br />

Zlebelia, filosofiis profesorma veraferi gaugos medicinis<br />

profesoris nawers Tu naambobs. sxvaTa Soris, amis<br />

TvalsaCino magaliTia qarTul telearxebze eqimTa arcTu<br />

iSviaTi interviuebi, saidanac, Tu samedicino terminologiaSi<br />

kargad ver erkvevi, ver gaigeb, ra sWirs da ra SeiZleba<br />

daemarTos pacients (am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT koloritulad<br />

gamoiyureba telekompania `rusTavi 2-is~ gadacema `patruli~).<br />

maTematikosebi, Tavis mxriv, imis garda, rom uxvad<br />

iyeneben ucxo terminebs, mtkicebis procesSi xSirad gamotoveben<br />

xolme logikuri msjelobis safexurebs, radgan<br />

darwmunebuli arian, rom maTi mkiTxveli (msmeneli) maTTan<br />

erTad `gadaaxteba~ erT an ramdenime safexurs. msjelobis<br />

specifikurobisa da specialuri terminologiis gamoyenebis<br />

winaaRmdeg ki ar gamovdivar, ubralod, mimaCnia, rom<br />

mkiTxvelze emociuri zemoqmedebis mizniT, wminda mecnieruli<br />

naSromis metaforebiT da SedarebebiT gadatvirTva mxolod<br />

aZnelebs am naSromis aRqmas. xolo azris xelovnurad<br />

gabundovaneba mecnieris dabal kvalifikaciaze da rTuli<br />

viTarebidan `Tavis daZvrenis~ survilze miuTiTebs.<br />

metaforebi, Sedarebebi, aliteraciebi, e. w. saxeebiT<br />

azrovneba did poezias uxdeba da, sabednierod, qarTul<br />

enaze amis uamravi brwyinvale nimuSi gvaqvs:<br />

405

---

`mxolod nislis TareSSi, samudamo mxareSi,<br />

zeviT Tu samareSi, wyevliT SenaCvenebi,<br />

rogorc zRvis xetiali, rogorc bedis triali,<br />

Cqari grgvinva-grialiT qrian lurja cxenebi~.<br />

es galaktionia. Tu mis am striqonebs ZiriTadi azris<br />

dasadgenad iseve SemovacliT Sedarebebisa da metaforebis<br />

mTel wyebas, rogorc es gigi TevzaZis naSromis erTi winadadebis<br />

ganxilvisas gavakeTeT, isev samsityvian martiv<br />

winadadebas miviRebT: `mxareSi... qrian... cxenebi~. aq, mar-<br />

Talia, yvelaferi gasagebia (SedarebisTvis: `amoglejam...<br />

gansazRvra ... anarekli~), magram galaktioni rom ase moqceuliyo,<br />

maSin gaugebari darCeboda mTavari _ ratom<br />

dawera poetma es sityvebi (`mxareSi... qrian... cxenebi~).<br />

Tavs ver davdeb, ar vcdebi-meTqi, magram am leqsiT galaktioni<br />

kidev erTxel Segvaxsenebs bibliur WeSmaritebas,<br />

rom amqveynad yvelaferi warmavalia: mxolod samyaro, mxolod<br />

RmerTi da mxolod misi poeziaa maradiuli! amisTvis<br />

sWirdeba RvTiur galaktions riTmebis, metaforebis,<br />

Sedarebebis, aliteraciebis `wyebaTa-wyeba~. vimeoreb,<br />

sWirdeba azris damajereblad, naTlad da STambeWdavad<br />

gadmosacemad da ara mkiTxvelis mosatyueblad an saku-<br />

Tari uvicobis SesaniRbavad.<br />

sabednierod, Cveni istoriidan da Tanamedroveobidanac,<br />

SegviZlia davasaxeloT aseulobiT moRvawe, mokrZalebuli<br />

gadamwerebidan da kiriTxuroebidan (qarTul<br />

taZrebze samSeneblo warwerebs rom tovebdnen), enis mkvlevarebamde<br />

da mxatvruli sityvis didostatebamde, vinc<br />

`ese enaB, Semkuli da kurTxeuli saxeliTa uflisaB~<br />

STamomavlobisTvis gadasacemad dRemde Semogvinaxa da<br />

misi rudunebiT movla-patronoba gvianderZa.<br />

qarTuli enis moamageebma SesaniSnavad icodnen da ician:<br />

_ `ra ena waxdes, eri daeces.~ anu enis waxdoma-daknineba<br />

am enaze molaparake xalxis istoriis asparezidan gasvlas<br />

niSnavs.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, eris identifikaciis upirveles niSnad<br />

ena miaCnda msoflio socialisturi imperiis Semoqmeds<br />

ioseb stalinsac, romelic orive enaze uzadod werda da<br />

406

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metyvelebda. SesaniSnavad grZnobda saliteraturo rusuli<br />

da qarTuli enebis umcires niuansebsac ki da enis<br />

sakiTxebze erTob kompetentur SeniSvnebsac iZleoda.<br />

vimeoreb, saubaria stalinze, giganturi imperiis Semqmnelsa<br />

da mmarTvelze, vinc yovelTvis poulobda dros qarTuli<br />

poeziis nimuSebis rusulad Targmnis procesisTvis<br />

Tvalyuris sadevneblad.<br />

meore mxriv, stalinis leqsikonSi mravlad iyo sityvebi<br />

da gamoTqmebi, SiSis zars rom scemda milionobiT<br />

adamians, mTel saxelmwifoebs _ mtrebi, moRalateebi,<br />

mavneblebi, imperialistebi, trockistebi, menSevikebi,<br />

kulakebi, wiTeli terori, socialisturi samSoblo<br />

safrTxeSia, sikvdili kontrrevolucionerebs da mravali,<br />

mravali sxva.<br />

ioseb juRaSvilis sxeulSi Casaxlebuli ori pirovneba<br />

_ ioseb stalini da soso juRaSvili, sxvadasxvanairad moqmedebda,<br />

sxvadasxvanairad azrovnebda da sxvadasxvanairad<br />

metyvelebda kidec. erTi _ kacobriobis istoriaSi<br />

umagaliTo imperiis erTaderTi da daundobeli mmarTvelis<br />

Sesaferisad, meore _ alali da gulTbili goreli bi-<br />

Wis, brwyinvale momRerlisa da poetis, megobrisTvis Tavdadebuli<br />

kacis, xelovnebisa da literaturis mcodnisa<br />

da damfaseblis Sesaferisad.<br />

naTqvami imis dadasturebaa, rom ena, rogorc wesi, sxva<br />

movlenebze naTlad (da swrafadac) asaxavs socialur realobas.<br />

magaliTebisTvis arc Sors wasvla dagvWirdeba da arc<br />

filosofiuri wiaRsvlebi. gavixsenoT, ra enaze elaparakeboda<br />

Tavis xalxs saakaSvili-opozicioneri da mogvianebiT<br />

_ saakaSvili-prezidenti. zustad prezidentis<br />

darad da sworad laparakobdnen misi mxardamWerebic<br />

_ xom ganaTda mTeli Tbilisi, xom avaSeneT msoflioSi<br />

saukeTeso saavadmyofo, xom gaviyvaneT gvirabi, xom varT<br />

erTi gundi!.. am warmosaxviTi `gundis~ wevrTa didi umravlesoba<br />

(ufro zustad, is adamianebi, romlebic cdiloben,<br />

`gundis~ belads TvalSi moxvdnen), anu erTi socialuri<br />

jgufi sakuTari lideris enaze laparakobs _ SeZlebisdagvarad<br />

imeorebs mis leqsikas, frazeologias, saubris<br />

407

---

maneras, Jestebsa da mimikebsac ki. imitom ki ara, rom gansakuTrebiT<br />

moswons, an hgonia, rom belads moswons es ena.<br />

ubralod, aseTia kanonzomiereba _ rogorc ki adamian-<br />

Ta erTi jgufi gamoeyofa koleqtiur erTobas, maSinve<br />

iwyeba axali, am jgufisTvis damaxasiaTebeli enis Camoyalibeba.<br />

rusul bolSevikur elitas proletariatTan sasaubrod<br />

ar sWirdeboda puSkinis da tolstois, eseninis da<br />

cvetaevas, arc peterburguli daxvewili salonuri ena.<br />

bolSevikur politikur elitas sWirdeboda primitiuli,<br />

uxamsi, brbosTvis da am brbodan gamosuli saldaTebis da<br />

CekistebisTvis gasagebi ena.<br />

XXI saukunis dasawyisis qarTul politikur `faSios~<br />

(samwuxarod, mas elitas ver davarqmevT) saliteraturo<br />

qarTuli ena ar sWirdeboda ramdenime Zalze seriozuli<br />

mizezis gamo:<br />

1. sazogadoebaSi brbos sindromis danergva. 2003 wlis<br />

noembris susxian dReebSi brbod qceulma saqarTvelos mosaxleobam,<br />

gansakuTrebiT, misma axalgazrdulma nawilma,<br />

Tavisi misia pirnaTlad Seasrula _ ahyva `liderTa~ mowodebebs<br />

da xelisuflebis saTaveSi revoluciuri triumvirati<br />

miiyvana. amiT brbos misia amoiwura, magram Tvi-<br />

Ton brbos darCa arcTu usafuZvlo ambicia qveynis aRmasrulebel<br />

xelisuflebaSi monawileobisa. msurvelTa<br />

raodenoba bevrad aRemateboda nomenklaturul TanamdebobaTa<br />

raodenobas. Tu xelisufleba brbosTan saliteraturo<br />

qarTul enaze gaabamda dialogs, es masTan Tavis gayadrebas,<br />

Tanasworobas da misi ambiciebisTvis angariSis<br />

gawevas niSnavda. saxelisuflo kasta sazogadoebas jer<br />

fizikurad mowyda _ limuzinebSi da kabinetebSi Caiketa,<br />

dacva daiyena, xazgasmulad maRali xelfasebi dainiSna;<br />

mere ki msoflmxedvelobrivad da enobrivadac _ `gaebuta~<br />

presas da televizias, uari Tqva sajaro debatebze<br />

nebismier oponentTan da saswrafod Secvala yofil mokav-<br />

SiresTan (brbosTan) salaparako enac. axla igi sazogadoebas<br />

(romelic aRar iyo brbo) ise elaparakeboda, rogorc<br />

mwyemsi naxirs _ SorisdebulebiT.<br />

amiT politikuri `faSio~ xazs usvamda sakuTar gansa-<br />

408

---

kuTrebulobasac da sazogadoebis usasoobasac _ Sen xar<br />

araraoba, upirovno masa, pirutyvTa krebuli, rasac gibrZaneben,<br />

is unda gaakeTo, yvela damcireba unda aitano.<br />

metic, damcireba wyalobad unda miiRo.<br />

2. sazogadoebaSi codnisadmi nihilisturi damokidebulebis<br />

danergva. nebismieri qveynis politikuri elita,<br />

amavdroulad, ar ganekuTvneba samecniero elitasac _<br />

mecnierebi Zalian Znelad elevian sayvarel saqmes. politikosebi,<br />

ZiriTadad, uprofesio, an xelmocaruli adamianebi<br />

brZandebian. ra Tqma unda, aris gamonaklisebic, roca<br />

politikur sarbielze niWieri da uaRresad ganaTlebuli<br />

adamianebic Cndebian. XXI saukunis dasawyisis qarTul<br />

politikaSi aseTebi TiTo-orola Tu iqneba da isini, bunebrivia,<br />

`politikur aminds~ ver qmnian.<br />

politikosebma, qveSecneulad mainc, kargad uwyian, rom<br />

saSualo an ufro dabali gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis adamianebi<br />

arian (Tumca, amaSi sakuTar Tavsac ar utydebian!).<br />

samagierod, maT xelSia Zalaufleba, riTac sakuTari naklis<br />

gadafarvas, ufro xSirad ki am naklis Rirsebad warmoCenas<br />

cdiloben _ moCvenebiTi sidarbaisliT, agresiulobiT,<br />

Seuferxebeli laybobiT, an, sulac, `brZnuli~<br />

mdumarebiT.<br />

XXI saukunis dasawyisis saqarTvelos xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenelTa sul mcire, 90 procentisTvis saliteraturo<br />

qarTul enaze saubris mcdeloba katastrofa iqneboda<br />

_ jer erTi, am enaze rom ilaparako, igi unda icode;<br />

meorec, saliteraturo enaze saubari maSinaa saWiro da<br />

aucilebeli, Tu TviTon saubris Tema aris inteleqtualuri.<br />

magaliTad, uniWo intrigebis gabmas an romelime<br />

deputatis piromaniaSi dadanaSaulebas didi ganaTleba ar<br />

sWirdeba*. magram Tu parlamenti, kriminalis aRmofxvris<br />

mizniT, 10-12 wlis bavSvebisTvis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis<br />

damkisrebeli kanonis miRebas apirebs, amas<br />

samarTlis Teoriis, pedagogikis, istoriis, filosofiis,<br />

fsiqologiis, logikis da kidev bevri sxva ramis safuZvliani<br />

codna sWirdeba. faruli konfliqti politikosebsa<br />

da sazogadoebas Soris swored aq iwyeba _ sazogadoeba<br />

moiTxovs xelisuflebis nebismieri gadawyvetilebis<br />

409

---

srulfasovan Teoriul dasabuTebas. xelisuflebas es<br />

ar SeuZlia (arc codna hyofnis da arc survili aqvs) da<br />

iZulebulia, ifarisevlos, ilaybos an uxeSad icruos.<br />

codnad saRdeba ara, zogadad, kompetencia, aramed romelime<br />

ucxo enaze laparakis SesaZlebloba, partiuli kuTvnileba,<br />

piradad prezidentisadmi erTguleba. am mxriv,<br />

klasikur magaliTad SeiZleba CaiTvalos vinme ymawvili<br />

arvelaZis saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ministrad<br />

daniSvna: prezidentma jer bevri ilaparaka ekonomikis<br />

mniSvnelobaze. Tqva, rom es iyo `frontis xazi~, `gadamwyveti<br />

ubani~, `rubikoni~, `yvelaze mniSvnelovani~ da<br />

a. S. amitom am postze `yvelaze mZimewonian politikoss~,<br />

anu Tavdacvis yofil ministrs, irakli oqruaSvils vniSnavo.<br />

oqruaSvilma, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, arc komplimentebi<br />

miiRo da arc axali Tanamdeboba. maSin prezidentma<br />

ekonomikis ministrad sakuTari administraciis<br />

ymawvili ufrosi daniSna. qarTuli politikuri `elita~<br />

`msubuqwoniani~ arvelaZis daniSvnas zustad iseTive didi<br />

kmayofilebiT Sexvda, rogoriTac oriode dRis win amave<br />

Tanamdebobaze `mZimewoniani~ oqruaSvilisas. rac mTavaria,<br />

yvelam erTxmad da `damajereblad~ ganmarta, rom ekonomikurad<br />

gaCanagebuli qveynis ekonomikis ministrobas<br />

sulac ar sWirdeba... ekonomikis codna!<br />

uprofesio, Tineijeruli asakis adamianebi sakanonmdeblo,<br />

aRmasrulebeli da sasamarTlo xelisuflebaSi,<br />

xelisuflebis mxridan universitetebis profesurisadmi<br />

cinikuri damokidebuleba, ganaTlebis sistemis sruli<br />

politizaciis mcdeloba, sauniversiteto avtonomiebis<br />

gauqmeba, skolebis `optimizacia~ _ yvelaferi es sazogadoebaSi<br />

codnisadmi nihilistur damokidebulebas amkvidrebda.<br />

3. sazogadoebaSi gaucxoebis sindromis danergva.<br />

`Tavisufal~ saqarTveloSi, 2003 wlis `revoluciis~ Semdeg,<br />

erTi SexedviT ucnauri viTareba Seiqmna _ TviT udablesi<br />

rangis saxelmwifo CinovnikisTvisac ki savaldebulod<br />

iqca inglisuri enis codna. nebismieri enis codna,<br />

TavisTavad, kargia, magram saqme is aris, rom principulad<br />

aravis ar ainteresebs, icis Tu ara vinmem saxelmwifo (qa-<br />

410

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Tuli) ena. amas zed daerTo umZlavresi propaganda uaxloes<br />

momavalSi saqarTvelos turistul qveynad gadaqcevis<br />

Taobaze. propaganda ganmtkicda saqmiTac _ saqarTveloSi<br />

daiwyo sastumroebis, saerTod, turistuli industriis<br />

gamalebuli mSenebloba.<br />

xelisuflebis azriT, me, saqarTvelos moqalaqe, istoriuli<br />

miwaTmoqmedi, mSenebeli, umdidresi kulturuli<br />

memkvidreobis Semqmneli, var brbo. me ar mWirdeba codna<br />

da ganaTleba, arc mrewveloba da miwaTmoqmedeba, arc<br />

freskebis xatva, arc literatura, arc mSobliuri ena.<br />

aRar mWirdeba araferi, rac sakuTari Tavis qarTveli<br />

erisadmi mikuTvnebis (identifikaciis) saSualebas momcemda.<br />

aRarc samSoblo mWirdeba _ Cemi samSoblo Cemi<br />

lamazi sastumroa, sadac yovel dilas mosirmul livreaSi<br />

gamowyobili mivdivar da ucxoel stumrebs maTsave enaze<br />

Tavazianad ve<strong>saubrebi</strong>; vcdilob, yvelaferi vasiamovno da<br />

amisTvis gasamrjelo davimsaxuro!<br />

turistuli industria saqarTveloSi fexs mxolod<br />

axla, XXI saukunis damdegs, idgams. imedia, somex da yazax<br />

biznesmenebs male gverdiT arabi, afrikeli da indoCineli<br />

kolegebic amoudgebian da, RvTis wyalobiT, saqarTvelo<br />

sastumroebiT, restornebiT, kazinoebiT, kempingebiT, saroskipoebiT<br />

da keTilmowyobili mosasaqmebeli dawesebulebebiT<br />

moifineba.<br />

Aaborigeni qarTvelebisTvis enas erTaderTi _ ucxoel<br />

turistebTan, saerTod, ucxoelebTan urTierTobis funqcia<br />

darCeba. samwuxarod, amisTvis qarTuli ena ar gamodgeba.<br />

Aamitom, Tu integraciaze, globalizaciaze da fulis<br />

iolad Sovnaze vocnebobT, odesRac mSobliur qarTuls<br />

unda davemSvidoboT.<br />

es iqneba xval. magram ukve dRes CemTvis, saqarTvelos<br />

moqalaqisTvis, `samSoblo~ asoebis da bgerebis uazro<br />

grovad qceula _ ar vici, ratom unda miyvardes, an ratom<br />

unda vemsaxurebode swored am geografiul wertilSi<br />

aRmocenebul administraciul erTeuls, romelsac `saqarTvelo~<br />

hqvia! _ saxelmwifoebriobis niSnebis mqone es<br />

politikuri warmonaqmni xom me, mis moqalaqes, arc rames<br />

maZlevs da arc rames mpirdeba. amitom, mirCevnia, kargad<br />

411

---

viswavlo inglisuri, aviTviso laqiis manerebi, gavyido<br />

mamis saflavze dadebuli granitis fila da pirdapir kuala-lumpurisken<br />

aviRo gezi _ iq feSenebluri sastumroebi,<br />

karga xania, aSenebulia...<br />

XXI saukunis damdegis saqarTvelos moqalaqe gauucxovda<br />

sakuTar warsuls, tradiciebs, samSoblos da sakuTar<br />

Tavsac. igi aRar aris farnavazis amayi STamomavali, arc<br />

opizarebisa, arc erekle mefisa, arc guramiSvilis da sabasulxanisa...<br />

misi arsebidan ganidevna erTaderTi da ganumeorebeli<br />

`me~. swored is, vinc azrovnebda, mis grZnobebs<br />

ganagebda, sakuTari saqcielis gamo pasuxismgeblobas<br />

akisrebda. `mes~ adgili daikava usamSoblo, utyvma,<br />

ugrZnobelma `sxvam~ _ meqanikurma xorcsakepma, romlis<br />

erTaderTi daniSnuleba sakuTar sxeulSi produqtebis<br />

gatarebaa.<br />

sanam stiqia jebirs gaarRvevdes<br />

roca enis da Jurnalistikis urTierTobaze vsaubrobT,<br />

enis uamravi cnobili da jer kidev dasadgeni ganmartebidan<br />

erT-erTi yvelaze misaRebi, albaT, es unda iyos: ena is<br />

ki ar aris, rasac moviazrebT (rasac vfiqrobT), aramed<br />

is, radac gardaiqmneba Cveni azri. anu ena aris adamianis<br />

azrovnebis cxadi gamoxatuleba _ zepiri, werilobiTi,<br />

JestebiT da mimikebiT, musikiT, arqiteqturiT da a. S.<br />

aqedan gamomdinare, Tu vendobiT mecnierebas, rom futkrebi,<br />

delfinebi, Taxvebi, ZaRlebi... erTmaneTSi saubroben,<br />

maSin isini azrovneben kidec. Tu azrovneba primitiulia,<br />

an naklovania, bunebrivia, primitiuli da naklovani<br />

(adamianuri TvalTaxedviT) iqneba misi gamoxatvis saSualebac<br />

_ ena. roca amtkiceben, rom `adamiani azrovnebs<br />

eniT~ (magaliTad, profesori janri kaSia), albaT, amas gulisxmoben.<br />

vfiqrob, yvela profilis JurnalistisTvis enis mniSvnelobaze<br />

saubari saWiro ar unda iyos. magram, albaT,<br />

saWiro da aucilebelia safuZvliani saubari qarTulenovani<br />

JurnalistebisTvis mSobliuri enis, enis filoso-<br />

412

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fiis swavlebisa da enisadmi gulisyuriani damokidebulebis<br />

Taobaze. es gaxlavT urTulesi saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

problema, romlis gadasaWrelad zrunva erTdroulad<br />

unda daiwyon mecnierebma da saxelmwifo struqturebma.<br />

jerjerobiT (2006 wlis miwuruls) es erTeulTa keTil<br />

survilad rCeba da xelisuflebis mxridan axirebulTa<br />

akviatebad aRiqmeba.<br />

enis erTi mTavari funqcia isaa, rom igi komunikaciis sa-<br />

Sualebaa (sxvaTa Soris, bevri qarTveli politikosi darwmunebulia,<br />

rom es aris enis erTaderTi funqcia da Tu<br />

pirze klites daidebs, mis azrs veRaravin Seityobs). ese<br />

igi, arsebobs gadamcemi _ erTis sametyvelo aparatura<br />

da mimRebi _ meoris mosasmeni aparatura, romelic miRebul<br />

informacias gasaanalizeblad da gadawyvetilebis<br />

misaRebad myisierad gzavnis `kompiuterul centrSi~ _<br />

tvinSi.<br />

vimeoreb, Semosuli informaciis gaanalizebis safuZvelze<br />

adamianis tvini iRebs gadawyvetilebas. es informacia,<br />

Tavis mxriv, aris bgerebis, asoebis, sxva niSnebis sakmaod<br />

rTuli sistema. amitom sust, zarmac tvins uWirs misi<br />

gaanalizeba da arcTu iSviaTad, sinamdvilisadmi araadekvatur<br />

gadawyvetilebas iRebs.<br />

fantastikuri teqnikuri miRwevebis saukuneSi es sqema,<br />

SeiZleba, ase warmovidginoT: vTqvaT, Tbilisis zRvaze damontaJebulia<br />

raRac tivtivas msgavsi mowyobiloba. rogorc<br />

ki wylis done kritikul zRvars miaRwevs, specialur<br />

ekranze inTeba wiTeli naTura, rac sagangaSo viTarebaze<br />

migvaniSnebs. specialuri samsaxuri maSinve iwyebs zrunvas<br />

wyalsacavSi wylis donis Sesamcireblad. Tu ase ar moxda,<br />

anu specialuri samsaxuris TanamSromlebma gangaSis<br />

niSans yuradReba ar miaqcies da adekvaturi RonisZiebebi<br />

ar gaatares, katastrofa gardauvalia _ wyali jebirebs<br />

gaarRvevs da didi qalaqis mosaxleobas walekavs.<br />

zustad aseTive meqanizmi moqmedebs liberaluri demokratiis<br />

saxelmwifoSic: specialuri saxelmwifo da<br />

arasaxelmwifo institutebi uzarmazar warmosaxviT<br />

ekranze akvirdebian sazogadoebis yvela sferodan wamosul<br />

signalebs, aanalizeben maT da iReben Sesabamis zomebs.<br />

413

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es signalebi, SesaZloa, gadmocemuli iyos pirdapir, `Ria<br />

teqstiT~ (rogorc amas, Cveulebriv, akeTebs radikaluri<br />

opozicia), an e. w. niSnebis, anu kinos, Teatris, qandakebis,<br />

poeziis, musikis, arqiteqturis da a. S. eniT.<br />

vTqvaT, Tavgadakluli opozicioneri naTelaSvili yvela<br />

xerxiT cdilobs politikuri dividendebis mopovebas,<br />

xelisuflebis diskreditacias da roca ambobs, qveynis<br />

aRsasruli axlovdebao, mis sityvas ar daejereba. xelisufleba<br />

asec iqceva da leiboristebis xmaurs yuradRebas<br />

ar aqcevs. amave dros, presaSi qveyndeba apolitikuri poetis<br />

leqsi:<br />

`aq araferi aRar Secvlila _<br />

sul unugeSod wivis mzewvia;<br />

sawyalobelad sul bRavis kravi,<br />

erTaderT notze yrantalebs yvavi...<br />

aq araferi aRar Secvlila _<br />

qveyana dadis ToxiT da bariT,<br />

gadaxunebul nivTebs da sagnebs<br />

wmends da alagebs yaliCas qali.<br />

jaxuc, nugzaric, jamuc, beqiac<br />

daxunZlulia iseve valiT.<br />

aq araferi aRar Secvlila...~<br />

badri ciramua<br />

im grandiozul warmosaxviT ekranze, sadac qveynis<br />

cxovrebaa asaxuli, amgvari poeturi striqonebis gamoCena<br />

avis momaswavebelia _ qveyana gaqvavebula, adamianebi unugeSod<br />

darCenilan, yelamde valebSi Caflulan, realuri<br />

sakeTebeli warTmeviaT da sakuTari arsebobis gamarTlebas<br />

`gadaxunebuli~ nivTebis wmenda-lagebiTRa cdiloben.<br />

2006 wlis gazafxulze Tbilisis erT-erTi skolis qarTuli<br />

enisa da literaturis gonebamaxvilma maswavlebelma<br />

Tavis moswavleebs misca weriTi davaleba pirobiTi<br />

saTauriT, `iyo da ara iyo ra~. bavSvebs `Txzulebis~ dasawerad<br />

sul xuTiode wuTi eZleodaT. bunebrivia, es dro mxolod<br />

erTi winadadebis dasaweradaa sakmarisi:<br />

_ iyo da ara iyo ra... iyo mosalodneli tragedia,<br />

saSineleba da ar iyo misi SemCerebeli;<br />

414

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_ iyo da ara iyo ra... iyo erTi adamiani, keTili, Wkviani,<br />

saTno, yuradRebiani, magram ar iyo im sikeTis da siyvarulis<br />

ukan dambrunebeli, sikeTis damfasebeli;<br />

_ erTxel sizmarSi vnaxe, rom yvelaferi, rac realobaSi<br />

areuli iyo, dalagebuliyo. sizmarSi ise bednieri<br />

viyavi, rom aRarc ki maxsovda realoba da mivxvdi, rom<br />

ara iyo ra;<br />

_ iyo da ara iyo ra, ...iyo erT dros samarTali, magram<br />

exla aRar aris. iyo erT dros siyvaruli da ocneba, magram<br />

Caqra da sevdian warsuls fiqrebad gahyva:<br />

_ iyo ocneba, magram gamqraliyo,<br />

iyo survili, survilic aRar iyo,<br />

iyo monatreba _ cremliT gamTbariyo...<br />

RmerTo, yvelaferi iyo da aRar iyo?<br />

amas weren 12-13 wlis gogo-biWebi. am asakis bavSvebi,<br />

samarTalze, areuli qveynis dalagebaze, `sevdian warsuls<br />

fiqrebad gayolil ocnebaze~, mware imedgacruebaze,<br />

`cremliT gamTbar monatrebaze~ ar unda fiqrobdnen.<br />

raxan fiqroben da amas weren kidec, qveyanaSi raRac didi<br />

socialuri ubedureba trialebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi, xelisufleba<br />

valdebulia, imoqmedos, raTa mosalodneli<br />

katastrofa Tavidan aicilos. bolos da bolos, Tavi mainc<br />

gadairCinos.<br />

im dros, roca am gogo-biWebs civ saklaso oTaxSi gauwafavi<br />

xeliT asoebi gamohyavdaT da mSieri poeti gulisSemZvrel<br />

striqonebs werda, prezidentis mier Tbilisis merad<br />

daniSnulma jeelma gigi ugulavam yvela Tbilisur ojaxs<br />

daugzavna sakuTari gaRimebuli portretiT damSvenebuli<br />

Ria baraTebi, sadac sityva-sityviT naTqvami iyo: `Cveni<br />

amocanaa, TbilisSi ar darCes arc erTi ubani, quCa Tu<br />

ezo sadac ar iqneba sportuli moedani an Tundac erTi<br />

keTilmowyobili kalaTburTis fari, raTa vicodeT sad<br />

da risTvis vuSvebT ezoSi Cven Svilebs. Cxubi, narkotiki<br />

da usaqmuroba CavanacvloT jansaRi cxovrebis wesiT...<br />

mozard Taobas yvela pirobas SevuqmniT imisTvis,<br />

rom mocildes quCis mavne zegavlenas, miiRos sportuli<br />

aRzrda da Cempionad Tu ara, normalur moqalaqed<br />

415

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mainc aRizardos~.<br />

aseTia xelisuflebis oficialuri pasuxi qveyanaSi Seqmnil<br />

tragikul viTarebaze.<br />

dedaqalaqis meris xelmowerili da asiaTasobiT egzemplarad<br />

gamravlebuli es erTi SexedviT uwyinari baraTi<br />

ar aris mxolod demagogiuri politikuri ritorika,<br />

politikuri lozungebis uwesrigo konglomerati. misi<br />

umTavresi daniSnulebaa, mkiTxvelis (moqalaqis) motyueba<br />

da misi yuradRebis umwvavesi socialuri problemebidan<br />

SedarebiT nakleb seriozulze gadatana (sportuli<br />

moednebi, `quCis mavne zegavlena~, usaqmuroba, narkotiki).<br />

aq aris dapirebac (da es aris sicrue), rom xelisufleba<br />

(`Cven~, `Cveni gundi~) `yvela pirobas Seqmnis~.<br />

sicrue da demagogia aris Zaladoba adamianis gonebaze,<br />

rasac, rogorc wesi, yovelTvis mosdevs moqalaqeTa<br />

fizikuri iZuleba saxelmwifos represiuli aparatis yvela<br />

SesaZleblobis gamoyenebiT. anu amgvari politikuri<br />

gancxadebebi aris qveyanaSi arsebuli mkveTri socialuri<br />

disbalansis da am niadagze mosalodneli socialuri dapirispirebis<br />

utyuari niSani.<br />

rogorc vTqvi, avtoris, an avtorTa jgufis gonebrivi<br />

SesaZleblobebis dadgena Zalian advilad SeiZleba teqstis<br />

ubralo lingvistur-fsiqologiuri analiziT, TviT<br />

punqtuaciuri da koreqturuli Secdomebis mixedviTac ki.<br />

Cvens SemTxvevaSi, pirvelive winadadebis am monakveTSi `...<br />

quCa Tu ezo sadac ar iqneba sportuli moedani an Tundac<br />

erTi...~ sul mcire, oTxi punqtuaciuri uzustobaa.<br />

`Cveni amocanaa, TbilisSi ar darCes arc erTi ubani,<br />

quCa Tu ezo sadac ar iqneba sportuli moedani an Tundac<br />

erTi keTilmowyobili kalaTburTis fari, raTa vicodeT<br />

sad da risTvis vuSvebT ezoSi Cvens Svilebs~.<br />

`keTilmowyobili kalaTburTis fari~ uxerxuli da<br />

gaugebari sityvaTSeTanxmebaa, rasac `kalaTburTis<br />

faris~ msazRvrelad `keTilmowyobili~ zedsarTavis<br />

gamoyeneba iwvevs. sjobda, ubralod, `kalaTburTis<br />

fari~ eTqva, magram avtorma mkiTxvelze emociuri STabeWdilebis<br />

gaZliereba moindoma da, sabolood, sisulele gamouvida.<br />

quCaSi raime sportuli nagebobis, Tundac, saka-<br />

416

---

laTburTo faris dadgma (Tu quCis daniSnulebas gaviTvaliswinebT)<br />

yovlad warmoudgenelia. amitom, aRniSnul<br />

konteqstSi `quCis~ Cakvexebac kvlav mkiTxvelze emociur<br />

zemoqmedebazea navaraudevi. winadadebis daskvniTi<br />

nawili (`raTa vicodeT sad da risTvis vuSvebT ezoSi<br />

Cven Svilebs~), erTi SexedviT, elementaluri uvicobis,<br />

xolo sinamdvileSi, sazogadoebis abuCad agdebis TvalsaCino<br />

magaliTia: Tu me sakuTar Svilebs `vuSveb ezoSi~,<br />

vici, rom Svilebs vuSveb ezoSi da Cems winaSe logikurad<br />

ar SeiZleba dadges kiTxva _ sad vuSveb Svils? miT ufro,<br />

ar dadgeba meore kiTxva _ risTvis vuSveb?<br />

uxeSi demagogiis TvalsaCino nimuSia Semdegi winadadeba-lozungi:<br />

`Cxubi, narkotiki da usaqmuroba CavanacvloT<br />

jansaRi cxovrebis wesiT~.<br />

SegaxsenebT, rom meris Ria baraTSi saubaria bavSvebze.<br />

xolo qalaqis merisgan bavSvebis narkomanebad da<br />

usaqmurebad moxsenieba erTdroulad aris sibriyve<br />

da yvela Tanamoqalaqis Tavxeduri Seuracxyofa. rac<br />

Seexeba kinklaobas, muSti-krivs an sityvier Seuracxyofas<br />

(rasac sityva `Cxubis~ mniSvneloba gulisxmobs), maT<br />

yovlad feSenebluri sportuli arenebic ver gamoricxavs.<br />

saqarTvelos safexburTo stadionebze gaxSirebul<br />

ayal-mayalebs rom Tavi davaneboT, amis dasturad, 2006<br />

wlis msoflio safexburTo Cempionatis finalSi ori supervarskvlavis,<br />

italieli materacisa da frangi zidanis<br />

incidentic sakmarisia*.<br />

is bavSvebi, visac ezoSi saTamaSod gasasvlelad mSoblebis<br />

nebarTva sWirdebaT, ar SeiZleba iyvnen moCxubrebi,<br />

narkomanebi an usaqmurebi. aqedan gamomdinare, maTi am<br />

senisgan gankurnebaze saubari usargeblo laybobis garda<br />

araferia. dokumentis avtori, ubralod, cdilobs xelisufleba,<br />

konkretulad, dedaqalaqis meri, sazogadoebaze<br />

Tavgadaklul mzrunvelad mogvaCvenos. amis dasamtkiceblad<br />

mas, etyoba, sxva argumenti ara aqvs da fons gasvlas<br />

sityvebis uazro daxvavebiT lamobs. amis mWevrmetyveluri<br />

magaliTia idioturi lozungic: `Cxubi, narkotiki<br />

da usaqmuroba CavanacvloT jansaRi cxovrebis wesiT~.<br />

Cxubi, Tavisi usasrulod bevri gamovlinebiT, cxovr-<br />

417

---

ebis arajansaRi, anu avadmyofuri wesis maCvenebeli ar<br />

aris da am konteqstSi sruliad uadgiloa. rac Seexeba<br />

`narkotiks~ (logikurad, konteqstSi unda iyos sityva<br />

`narkomania~) da `usaqmurobas~, erTic da meorec aris,<br />

ZiriTadad, socialuri problema da veraviTari `keTilmowyobili<br />

kalaTburTis fari~ maT ver `Caanacvlebs~.<br />

Tu gamovalT winadadebis klasikuri gansazRvrebidan<br />

(sityva, an sityvaTa jgufi, romelic gamoxatavs damTavrebul<br />

azrs) da `azris da mniSvnelobis~ filosofiur mniSvnelobas<br />

gaviTvaliswinebT, aRniSnuli winadadeba wminda<br />

lingvisturi TvalsazrisiTac sasacilod uazro aRmoCndeba<br />

(`Cxubi... CavanacvloT... wesiT~). gansakuTrebiT<br />

aRsaniSnavia xelovnuri zmna `CavanacvloT~, romelic<br />

mxolod politikur Jargonze saubrisas gamoiyeneba da<br />

ucxoa saliteraturo qarTuli enisTvis.<br />

axla, rac Seexeba moyvanili citatis bolo winadadebas:<br />

`mozard Taobas yvela pirobas SevuqmniT imisTvis, rom<br />

mocildes quCis mavne zegavlenas, miiRos sportuli aRzrda<br />

da Cempionad Tu ara, normalur moqalaqed mainc<br />

aRizardos~.<br />

am winadadebis avtori `quCaSi~ ojaxis gareT yofnas gulisxmobs.<br />

`quCas~, `gareT yofnas~ TavisTavad ar SeuZlia<br />

adamianze raime `mavne zegavlenis~ moxdena. `mavne zegavlena~<br />

adamianze, SesaZloa, moaxdinos quCaSi, skolaSi, ofis-<br />

Si, xelisuflebaSi, qveyanaSi, ojaxSi an, sulac, msoflioSi<br />

Seqmnilma eqstremalurma viTarebam (omi, SimSiloba, saxadi,<br />

miwisZvra, revolucia, korufcia..). aqedan gamomdinare,<br />

adamiani ki ar unda movglijoT SeCveul garemos, an masTan<br />

urTierToba SevuzRudoT, aramed unda vcadoT am garemos<br />

gakeTilSobileba. Tu bavSvs Sia da quCaSi TanatolebTan<br />

erTad funTuSebis mosaparad gadis, `mavne zegavlenis~<br />

SiSiT mSoblebs bavSvebis saxlSi gamomwyvdeva ki ar unda<br />

movTxovoT, aramed Rirseuli samuSao unda SevTavazoT da<br />

ojaxis rCena SevaZlebinoT.<br />

`miiRos sportuli aRzrda~ imdenad briyvuli gamoTqmaa,<br />

salaparakodac ar eRireboda, misi gagrZeleba rom ara<br />

_ `da Cempionad Tu ara, normalur moqalaqed mainc aRizardos~.<br />

samwuxarod, `miiRos sportuli aRzrdas~ avtoris<br />

418

---

prototipebi qarTul sazogadoebaSi blomad arian. mTeli<br />

ubedureba isaa, rom es uwignuri adamianebi werilobiTi<br />

dokumentebis Sedgenas bedaven. metic, isini, Tanamdebobrivi<br />

mdgomareobis gamo, adamianebis beds ganageben.<br />

Tbilisis meris Wkuis adamianebs `Cempionad~ sakuTari<br />

persona warmoudgeniaT, xolo yvela danarCeni _ araraobad,<br />

anu, maTi sityvebiT, `normalur adamianebad~.<br />

am konteqstidan swored es ikiTxeba _ `Cempionebis~ da<br />

`normaluri adamianebis~, anu xelisuflebisa da danarCeni<br />

sazogadoebis dapirispireba.<br />

vfiqrob, rac axla Tbilisis meris erTi pawawina Ria<br />

baraTis gamo iTqva, sakmarisi sabuTi unda iyos im mosazrebis<br />

gasaziareblad, rom ena marTlac ar aris is, rasac<br />

moviazrebT _ ena aris is, radac Cveni azri gardaiqmneba.<br />

ena arc niSnebis, bgerebis, sityvebis, winadadebebis, teqstebis,<br />

notebis, kadrebis da a. S. grovaa.<br />

rogorc nobelis premiis Cineli laureati gao sinZiani<br />

ambobs, `ena ar aris marto cnebebisa da warmodgenebis<br />

sacavi. uSualo SegrZnebebis daxmarebiT, mas SeuZlia<br />

gaaRviZos intuicia da grZnoba _ kidev erTi mizezi<br />

imisa, ratom ar SeuZlia niSans an mSral informacias,<br />

Secvalos cocxali adamianis ena~.<br />

Cveni am saubris dros, mec vecade yuradReba gamemaxvilebina<br />

cocxal sametyvelo enaze da ara niSanTa sistemaze.<br />

zemoT moxmobili magaliTebi mowmobs, rom sazogadoebidan<br />

wasuli sagangaSo signalebi xelisuflebamde ver aRwevs,<br />

an xelisufleba am signalebs araadekvaturad exmaureba.<br />

imasac mowmobs, rom mTlianad moSlilia ukukavSiri<br />

_ xelisufleba-sazogadoeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, rogorc<br />

wesi, socialuri afeTqeba gardauvalia.<br />

axla mTavari, risTvisac, saerTod, daviwye es sakmaod<br />

xangrZlivi saubari enisa da Jurnalistikis urTierTobaze.<br />

Jurnalistis valia, icodes enis `kiTxva~. anu man unda<br />

gaigos, ra mniSvneloba aqvs mecnieris, politikosis, plebeis,<br />

aristokratis, xelovanis sityviT an sxva ram xerxiT<br />

gamoxatul azrs da igi (es azri) SeZlebisdagvarad<br />

419

---

daumaxinjeblad miitanos mkiTxvelamde. yvelam, vinc ki<br />

xalxis saxeliT da xalxis gasagonad laparaks bedavs, unda<br />

icodes, rom amqveynad arseboben adamianebi, romlebic,<br />

Tundac politikur abdaubdaSi, xedaven erTaderT kanonzomierebas,<br />

wvdebian azris mniSvnelobas da sazogadoebis<br />

damcirebas aravis ar apatieben. amisTvis ki gacilebiT<br />

meti codnaa saWiro, vidre es aqvT XXI saukunis dasawyisis<br />

qarTvel analitikos Jurnalistebs.<br />

Tu qveyanaSi arsebobs aseTi `mkiTxveli~ Jurnalistika,<br />

iq diqtatura didxans ver iboginebs.<br />

420

---

saocari wigni<br />

ara mxolod <strong>Jurnalistikaze</strong><br />

_ gamarjobaT, me Teimuraz qoriZe var! _ xeli gamomiwoda<br />

ucxo stumarma da saxeze maspinZlis dabneulobiT<br />

gamowveuli erTgvari kmayofileba gamoexata.<br />

_ ras brZanebT, Teimuraz qoriZe me gaxlavarT. Tqven<br />

ki, albaT, raRac geSlebaT, _ mivmarTav ucnobs da is<br />

grZnoba meufleba, adamiani moulodnelobiT aRZruli<br />

cnobismoyvareobis gamo rom ganicdis.<br />

`<strong>saubrebi</strong>s~ avtorTan am pirveli Sexvedridan ukve<br />

ocdaxuTi grZeli weliwadi gavida, magram Cems mexsiereba-<br />

Si swored is Teimuraz qoriZe aRibeWda: gamousworeblad<br />

moulodneli, saintereso da, raRa Tqma unda, _ laRi iumoriT<br />

aRsavse mosaubre.<br />

ra dasamalia da, arc imas velodi, rom `<strong>saubrebi</strong>s~ winasityvaobis<br />

daweris pativi swored me mergeboda. sxva<br />

rom ara iyos ra, Cemma sexniam kargad uwyis, rom mis wignSi<br />

gamoTqmuli zogierTi mosazreba sruliadac ar emTxveva<br />

Cems principebsa da Sexedulebebs*.<br />

amiT imis Tqma minda, rom Teimuraz qoriZes SeiZleba<br />

vekamaToT kidec _ `<strong>saubrebi</strong>s~ mimzidvelobis saidumloc<br />

swored is aris, rom avtori Tavad giwvevs sakamaTod,<br />

mas mosaubre enatreba da saubari swyuria. sakamaTos da<br />

gansasjels ki aq yvela dainteresebuli ipovis, radgan<br />

wignis Sinaarsi didad scildeba erTi romelime Tematikis<br />

farglebs da Cveni kulturul-istoriuli yofis, gansakuTrebiT,<br />

qarTuli Jurnalistikis umwvaves problemaTa<br />

siRrmiseul analizs eZRvneba.<br />

aq ki, rogorc ityvian, Teimuraz qoriZe Tavs Cveul<br />

stiqiaSi grZnobs da marTlac Seudarebelia! qarTulma<br />

sazogadoebam gulwrfelad iwama, rom masobrivi informaciis<br />

saSualebaTa Tavisuflebas amqveynad mxolod diqtatoruli<br />

reJimebi emuqrebian; rom mxolod tiranebi da demokratiis<br />

mtrebi axSoben Tavisufal azrs, devnian marTal<br />

sityvas da SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebiT gatacebul adamianebs<br />

mxolod isini aiZuleben Cadgnen siyalbisa da sicruis<br />

samsaxurSi. arada, am keTilSobilur, magram gulubryvi-<br />

421

---

lo Tvalsazriss ukve karga xania, rac yavli gauvida. jer<br />

kidev gasuli saukunis Sua xanebSi pozitivizmis FfuZemdeblad<br />

aRiarebuli karl iaspersi* pirdapir miuTiTebda im<br />

saSiSroebaze, romelic dRes masebis gemovnebisadmi Jurnalistikis<br />

damokidebulebaSi iCens xolme Tavs. `namdvili<br />

saSinelebaa, _ werda is, _ rom Jurnalistis pasuxismgebloba<br />

da sulier-SemoqmedebiTi Tavisufleba kiTxvis niSnis<br />

QqveS dgeba sxvadasxva politikur-ekonomikuri Zalis<br />

survilebze damokidebulebis gamo... imisTvis, rom mogeba<br />

miiRos, presa iZulebulia gaiTvaliswinos milionebis instiqtebi,<br />

umravlesobas miawodos masis cnobierebisTvis<br />

gasagebi sensacia, vulgaruloba da ase Semdeg. aseT SemTxvevaSi<br />

presa iTvisebs Segnebuli sicruis xelovnebas, romelic,<br />

Tavis mxriv, sulisTvis ucxo Zalazea gaTvlili.<br />

igi qeds ixris am Zalis winaSe!~ (karl iaspersi, `istoriis<br />

arsi da daniSnuleba~).<br />

Teimuraz qoriZis `<strong>saubrebi</strong>~ JurnalistikaSi swored<br />

am `Segnebuli sicruis~ (TviTon amas `savaldebulo sicrues~<br />

uwodebs) daZlevis daucxromeli suliskveTebiT<br />

aris aRsavse. Tuki imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom amasTan<br />

erTad, is Tavad aris Cinebuli mTxrobeli, mosaubre, _<br />

unda vivaraudoT, rom wigns aseTive mkiTxveli, anu `kaci<br />

vargi~ uxvad gamouCndeba.<br />

Temur qoriZe,*<br />

literatori<br />

2010 wlis ivnisi<br />

422

---

a<br />

abakelia vaJa 221<br />

abaSiZe aslan 359<br />

abaSiZe dodo 143<br />

abaSiZe vaxtang 163<br />

absanZe guram 68, 69, 70<br />

adamsi jon 318<br />

adeiSvili 365<br />

avreliusi markus 268, 284<br />

ainStaini 84<br />

akvineli Toma 357, 381<br />

aleqsandre II 210<br />

aleqsandre VI (romis papi) 358<br />

aluda qeTelauri 199, 200, 201,<br />

202, 277<br />

alxastaiZe 113<br />

alilueva svetlana 103<br />

ananiaSvili nino 30<br />

anderseni 389<br />

andropovi 219, 387<br />

antoniani 264, 265<br />

arvelaZe 318, 365, 410<br />

aristotele 84, 113, 276, 306,<br />

314, 381<br />

aroni raimond 322<br />

arCvaZe manana 377<br />

asaTiani lado 203<br />

afciauri jemal 73<br />

aSkenazi 264, 265<br />

b<br />

bagauri anatoli 153, 154<br />

bagrationi 116, 117, 266<br />

batista 211<br />

bacikaZe kaxa 181<br />

baqraZe 318<br />

baRaTuria jondi 199, 200, 201,<br />

202,318<br />

baxtaZe giorgi 169<br />

baxturiZe vaxtang 167<br />

begaSvili 318<br />

benetoni 382<br />

saxelTa saZiebeli<br />

423<br />

beJuaSvili 373<br />

beraZe merab 61<br />

beria lavrenti 24, 57, 101,<br />

102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 196<br />

beria sergo 105, 106<br />

beriaSvili irakli 15, 43, 80, 159<br />

berlini isaia 357<br />

beqauri 318<br />

bismarki 318<br />

bokeria 318, 346, 365<br />

borjia Cezare 351, 358, 366<br />

bocvaZe zeinab 13<br />

bregvaZe baCana 398<br />

breJnevi leonid 23, 67, 219, 387<br />

brexti bertold 376<br />

brolaZe 35<br />

buaCiZe berdia 145<br />

buaCiZe elguja 143<br />

burboni 194<br />

burjanaZe nino 138, 191<br />

busa 264<br />

buSi jorj 262, 356<br />

g<br />

gagua oTar (riCa) 143<br />

gamsaxurdia zviad 34, 35, 189,<br />

190, 191, 194, 196, 212, 225, 227,<br />

228, 230, 377, 386<br />

gamsaxurdia konstantine 22, 23,<br />

24, 70, 143, 278<br />

gamyreliZe oTar 221, 241<br />

gegeWkori nino 101, 107, 108 109<br />

gegeWkori saSa 101, 102<br />

gegeSiZe guram 145<br />

gelaZe hamlet 130, 134<br />

gergedava ambrosi 167<br />

gvazava nunu 240, 243<br />

giligaSvili roland 167<br />

girgvliani 343<br />

gogelia arCil 13, 14, 15, 16, 19,<br />

43, 80, 81, 170<br />

gelovani akaki 111

---

genSeri hans-ditrix 318<br />

gogiCaiSvili akaki 279<br />

gogoriSvili 318<br />

goderZiSvili lia 15, 43<br />

goldbaumi 265<br />

gorbaCovi mixeil 62, 219,<br />

222, 255, 355, 387<br />

goreliSvili guram 21, 22<br />

gociriZe irakli 134<br />

grakleli 172, 173<br />

graneli terenti 183<br />

grigalaSvili nodar 133, 224, 373<br />

gugava 318<br />

guguSvili 372<br />

gulua bakur 98, 99, 379<br />

guramiSvili daviT 182, 203<br />

d<br />

daviT IV aRmaSenebeli 312, 313, 357<br />

dantoni 193<br />

de goli 218, 318, 321<br />

deda tereza 88<br />

dekarti 84<br />

demuleni 193<br />

dizraeli benJamin 321<br />

dirixle 115<br />

diuma aleqsandre (mama) 192, 193<br />

dodaSvili solomon 159, 342<br />

don kixot lamanCeli 74<br />

doCanaSvili guram 92, 115<br />

e<br />

ekermani iohan peter 110, 111, 112<br />

elia 271<br />

elcini boris 387<br />

engelsi fridrix 84, 182<br />

epikure 276<br />

eraZe oTar 58<br />

erbowonaSvili 210<br />

erSovi 103<br />

v<br />

varazi avTo 169<br />

vardosaniZe iago 143<br />

424<br />

vaJa-fSavela 182, 183, 199,<br />

200, 201, 202,203, 276, 277<br />

vaSalomiZe zurikela 181<br />

vaSingtoni jorj 318, 321<br />

vaCnaZe Tengiz 145<br />

veberi maqs 271, 319, 321<br />

verusi 268, 284<br />

viSinski andrei 196<br />

volteri 84<br />

z<br />

zanazani 264<br />

zaqareiSvili mito 143<br />

zinovievi 24<br />

ziraqaZe aleqsandre 167<br />

T<br />

TabukaSvili rezo 145<br />

TargamaZe givi 264, 318<br />

TevdoraZe elene 50, 264, 265, 373<br />

TevzaZe gigi 391, 401, 402, 404<br />

TevzaZe daviT 39<br />

TvaraZe rezi 141, 154<br />

TofuriZe levan 18<br />

i<br />

iaSvili levan 209<br />

iaspersi karl 7<br />

ilfi da petrovi 182<br />

iobi 330<br />

ioane 220<br />

ioane-pavle II 136<br />

ioseliani jaba 191, 251, 378<br />

isaia 330<br />

isakaZe guram 208, 209, 210<br />

iulius keisari 357<br />

k<br />

kakabaZe zurab 142<br />

kakabaZe nodar 145<br />

kakabaZe polikarpe 226<br />

kalandaZe irina 169

---

kalandia zaur 183<br />

kalandia rene 400<br />

kamenevi 24<br />

kanti imanuel 276, 381<br />

karnegi deil 29, 82, 83, 115<br />

karaulovi andrei 37<br />

kastro fidel 196, 218, 311, 354<br />

kaSia janri 398, 399, 412<br />

kelenjeriZe mitrofane 167<br />

keratiSvili SoTa 209<br />

kereseliZe uSangi 167<br />

kervaliSvili p. 401<br />

kvaracxelia valeri 228<br />

kvaWantiraZe Tamaz 225, 226<br />

kviraia SoTa 224<br />

kemularia 373<br />

kierkegori 276<br />

kiknaZe giorgi 71<br />

kim ir seni 354<br />

kisinjeri henri 318<br />

kitovani Tengiz 191<br />

kiwmariSvili erosi 257<br />

klintoni bil 38<br />

kobaxiZe iuza 167<br />

koli helmut 318<br />

korde Sarlota 193<br />

kosigini 219<br />

kostava merab 31<br />

kotetiSvili vaxuSti 145<br />

kofi anani 377<br />

krutini valeri 167<br />

kulumbegovi 129<br />

kurnakovi sergei 139<br />

kutoni 193<br />

l<br />

la briuieri 381, 389<br />

la roSfuko 84<br />

londoni jek 59, 157<br />

lenini 84, 142, 191, 198, 209,<br />

271, 287, 331, 338, 355, 363<br />

lesingi gothold efraim 289<br />

425<br />

leoniZe giorgi 144<br />

linkolni abraam 321<br />

lomaZe sergi 181, 182<br />

lorTqifaniZe grigol 321<br />

m<br />

madam bovari 217, 218<br />

mavzaraSvili Tengiz 167<br />

maisuraZe marina 15<br />

makiaveli nikolo 349, 350, 351,<br />

352, 354,<br />

355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 363, 366,<br />

367, 368, 381<br />

makedoneli aleqsandre 357<br />

malarme stefan 84<br />

malkina tatiana 37<br />

malenkovi 104<br />

mailsi riCard 198<br />

mamardaSvili merab 249<br />

mani Tomas 376<br />

manjgalaZe erosi 71<br />

marati 191, 193<br />

margoSvili vefxia 259<br />

marqsi 83, 182, 191<br />

mao Ze duni 196<br />

maRraZe daviT 74, 75, 76, 146<br />

maWavariani muxran 228<br />

mahaTma gandi 321<br />

meliqiZe neli 169,170<br />

menaRaraSvili karlo 145<br />

merabiSvili ivane 363, 365, 373<br />

metreveli Teimuraz 19, 82<br />

mefe liri 109<br />

mirianaSvili Temur 134<br />

miqava utu 194<br />

miqoiani anastas 104<br />

miSvelaZe rezo 380<br />

mkalaviSvili basil 297<br />

mopasani 183<br />

mocarti 145<br />

msxvilaZe rezo 167<br />

muamar kadafi 196<br />

musolini benito 289, 290<br />

mucali 201, 276

---

n<br />

nadiraSvili SoTa 392<br />

nadiraZe akaki 153<br />

nadiraZe maia 318, 392<br />

naTaZe nodar 373<br />

naTelaSvili Salva 93, 94, 372,<br />

378, 389<br />

naneiSvili irakli 144<br />

napoleoni 193, 194, 218, 270,<br />

312, 357<br />

nikala (niko firosmaniSvili) 75<br />

nicSe fridrix 3, 144<br />

nozaZe Tengiz 144<br />

o<br />

ozgani konstantine 129<br />

orbeliani grigol 74, 389<br />

orbeliani sulxan-saba 79<br />

orueli jorj 270, 323<br />

oqruaSvili irakli 339, 365, 410<br />

p<br />

pavle I (imperatori) 289<br />

parenti 266, 370<br />

patarkaciSvili badri 138<br />

patarkaciSvili nana 150<br />

pataSuri giorgi 161, 208<br />

pelSe 219<br />

petriaSvili 372<br />

platoni 84, 110, 276, 314, 381<br />

plutarqe 289, 290<br />

podgorni 219<br />

polianski 219<br />

pugaCovi 194<br />

putini vladimir 258, 262, 362<br />

J<br />

Jvania zurab 191, 224, 254, 257, 258,<br />

260, 261, 262, 264, 265, 373, 379<br />

Jirinovski vladimir 93, 94<br />

r<br />

rable fransua 403<br />

razini stenka 387<br />

426<br />

ramiSvili nino 31<br />

ramiSvili Salva 280<br />

ratiSvili merab 19<br />

rostropoviCi 31<br />

reigani ronald 83<br />

rembo artur 84<br />

rikovi 24<br />

robaqiZe grigol 143<br />

robespieri maqsimilian 192, 193<br />

robespieri ogiust 193<br />

rotbardi mari n. 329<br />

ruzvelti franklin 318<br />

rusTaveli SoTa 114, 181, 182,<br />

203, 389<br />

rcxilaze avTandil 209<br />

s<br />

saakaSvili mixeil 191, 195,196,<br />

197, 202, 254,258, 260, 261, 262, 264,<br />

289, 295, 305, 315, 338, 345, 346,<br />

354, 357, 359, 360, 361, 362,364, 365,<br />

366, 367, 372, 373, 374, 375, 378,<br />

379, 387, 388, 389, 407<br />

saakaZe giorgi 167<br />

sadam huseini 196, 357<br />

savatski jon 155<br />

saSa partnoi 105<br />

sajaia nugzar 379<br />

sigua 191, 373<br />

sigua soso 400, 401<br />

simoniSvili soso 19<br />

sokolovi daviT 190<br />

solomon brZeni 357<br />

sorosi jorj 27, 197, 198<br />

spartaki 194<br />

spenseri herbert 268<br />

spinoza 276<br />

stalini 24, 83, 103, 104, 107, 124,<br />

142, 193, 194, 195, 318, 321, 326,<br />

333, 350, 351, 354, 357, 363, 364,<br />

387, 407<br />

sturua avTo 389

---

sturua vano 104<br />

sturua p. 24<br />

sturua melor 23<br />

sureni 264<br />

suslovi 219<br />

sxirtlaZe guram 145<br />

t<br />

tabiZe galaktion 182, 183, 188,<br />

203, 289, 406<br />

tabiZe tician 143<br />

taleirani 84, 318, 321<br />

tandoeva 264, 265<br />

tetCeri margaret 138, 321<br />

tikaraZe dito 261<br />

u<br />

ugulava gigi 365, 415<br />

f<br />

faRava rezo 143<br />

facacia germane 50<br />

fetelava zaza 154<br />

fircxalava gia 145<br />

fixteliusi erik 156<br />

floberi gustav 218<br />

foresti lui 44<br />

fridrix didi 356<br />

fromi erix 273, 274, 275, 276<br />

fuleri 298<br />

q<br />

qarTveliSvili 102<br />

qafianiZe zurab 380<br />

qiqoZe geronti 143<br />

qobulaSvili 372<br />

qoriZe Teimuraz 14, 19, 421<br />

20, 83, 109, 126, 127, 128, 129,<br />

130, 131, 132,134,172<br />

qoriZe Temur 7, 9, 229, 372<br />

qoriZe uCa 208, 210<br />

quTaTelaZe vaxtang 224<br />

qurdaZe nodar 209, 211<br />

427<br />

y<br />

yavelaSvili 71<br />

yvaryvare 226<br />

yifiani dimitri 321<br />

S<br />

Savdia gogi 144<br />

Saio andraS 5<br />

Samanidi guram 183, 185<br />

Samoevi 210<br />

SaraZe guram 186<br />

SatberaSvili 318<br />

SataiZe nugzar 159, 160, 208<br />

SafaqiZe pelo 227<br />

SevardnaZe eduard 27, 28, 38,<br />

39, 40, 69, 72, 156, 191, 195, 197,<br />

224, 258, 262, 267, 305, 306, 318,<br />

324, 335, 361, 366, 373, 377, 386<br />

Sengelaia giorgi 145<br />

Sengelaia eldar 145, 182<br />

Seqspiri 204, 206<br />

SoTa 247, 248<br />

Sopeni 145<br />

Sopenhaueri artur 268, 269, 276<br />

C<br />

Carkviani gela 39, 40<br />

Carkviani jansuR 145, 222, 228<br />

Carkviani jimi 145<br />

Ce gevara ernesto 191<br />

CeredniCenko vladimir 27, 44,<br />

58, 139<br />

Cernenko 219<br />

CerCili 144, 318, 320, 321<br />

Ciqvanaia Tamaz 217, 218<br />

Ciqovani Tamar 19<br />

CoCiSvili giorgi 19<br />

CoCievi alan 129<br />

Coxeli arCil 68<br />

CubiniSvili 365<br />

CumouriZe mixeil 167

---

c<br />

carciZe uCa 153, 154<br />

ciramua badri 414<br />

ciskariSvili petre 259, 260<br />

ciciaSvili abon 83<br />

Z<br />

ZiZiguri zviad 389<br />

ZiZiguri koba 389<br />

Zmebi grimebi 185, 389<br />

ZoZuaSvili mariam 226<br />

w<br />

wereTeli akaki 203<br />

wereTeli irakli 48, 228<br />

wverikmazaSvili 208, 210<br />

winwalaSvili 122, 209, 210<br />

W<br />

WavWavaZe ilia 157, 290<br />

294, 321, 391, 392<br />

WavWavaZe niko 289<br />

Wanturia gia 44, 228<br />

Wkuaseli vaxtang 261<br />

Wkuaseli (ministri) 378<br />

Wkuaseli roland 157<br />

x<br />

xabeiSvili soliko 44,<br />

xeteSvili uSang 75<br />

xo Si mini 196, 354<br />

428<br />

xruSCovi nikita 322, 387<br />

xundaZe luka 145<br />

xuciSvili oTar 15<br />

j<br />

jabauri giorgi 58<br />

jabuSanuri gabriel 104<br />

javaxiSvili ivane 181, 213<br />

javaxiSvili mixeil 143, 203<br />

javeliZe biZina 145<br />

javeliZe elizbar 145<br />

jamarauli 71<br />

jamruliZe levan 30<br />

jefersoni 84<br />

jiblaZeEn. 401<br />

joxariZe nana 43, 169, 208<br />

juRaSvili iaSa 103<br />

juRaSvili soso 407<br />

h<br />

haidegeri 404<br />

hamleti 109, 196<br />

hegeli 276, 381<br />

heminguei 157<br />

herostrate 185<br />

hese herman 403<br />

hindenburgi 334,335<br />

hitleri 333, 334, 338,<br />

354, 363, 364<br />

hobsi Tomas 276, 321,<br />

329, 330, 357, 381

---

SeniSvnebi da ganmartebebi<br />

1. fridrix vilhelm nicSe (gv. 3) _ 1844-1900 w.w. germaneli<br />

fi losofosi; avtori naSromebisa: „Sopenhaueri, rogorc<br />

aRmzrdeli~, „adamianuri, Zalian adamianuri, anu wigni Tavisuflad<br />

moazrovneebisTvis~, „gariJraJi, anu azrebi moralur<br />

gadmonaSTebze~, „mxiaruli mecniereba~, „amas ambobda zaraTustra~,<br />

„sikeTisa da borotebis miRma~, „antiqristiani~, „moralis<br />

genealogiisaTvis~ ...<br />

2. andraS Saio (gv. 5) _ Tanamedrove ungreli samarTalmcodnekonstitucionalisti;<br />

ungreTis akademiis wevri; aSS samarTlis<br />

institutis wevri; adamianis uflebaTadacvis evropuli<br />

sasamarTlos wevri; aSS samarTlis institutis wevri; avtori<br />

naSromebisa saxelmwifosa da samarTlis, sakonstitucio sa marTlis,<br />

politikuri istoriisa da praqtikis, samarTlis filosofiis<br />

sakiTxebze.<br />

3. „mis wignSi gamoTqmuli zogierTi mosazreba sruliadac ar<br />

emTxveva Cems principebsa da Sexedulebebs~ (gv. 6) _ igulisxmeba<br />

avtoris mier winamdebare naSromsa da publicistur werilebSi<br />

gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi zviad gamsaxurdias xelisuflebis<br />

moRvaweobaze (1990-1991 w. w.).<br />

4. karl Teodor iaspersi (gv. 7) _ 1883-1969 w.w. germaneli fil<br />

o sofosi, fsiqologi da fsiqiatri, egzistencializmis<br />

erT-erTi TvalsaCino warmomadgeneli. avtori naSromebisa:<br />

„zogadi fsiqopaTologia~, „msoflmxedvelobis fsiqologia~,<br />

„filosofia~, „egzistencialuri filosofia~, „WeSmaritebis<br />

Sesaxeb~, „germanuli danaSaulis problema~, „filosofiuri<br />

rwmena~, „istoriis warmoSobisa da miznis Sesaxeb~, „gamoCenili<br />

filosofosebi~, „atomuri bombi da kacobriobis momavali~,<br />

„transcendenciis Sifrebi~...<br />

5. Temur qoriZe (gv. 421) _ daibada 1954 wels. qarTveli literaturismcodne<br />

da kritikosi; saqarTvelos parlamentis wevri<br />

1990-1991 wlebSi. mravali literaturuli esses da publicisturi<br />

naSromis avtori.<br />

6. „afxazebi rom Semovidnen SromaSi...~ (gv. 21) _ igulixmeba qar-<br />

Tul-afxazuri konfliqti 1993 wlis zafxulSi; Sroma _ sofeli<br />

soxumTan axlos.<br />

7. konstantine gamsaxurdia (gv. 22) _ 1893-1975 w.w. qarTveli mwerali,<br />

poeti da mTargmneli, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />

akademikosi; avtori istoriuli romanebisa: „didostatis konstantines<br />

marjvena~, „daviT aRmaSenebeli~, „mTvaris motaceba~,<br />

„vazis yvaviloba~, „beladi~.<br />

8. breJnevi, kosigini, pelSe, podgorni, polianski, Cernenko, andropovi,<br />

suslovi, gromiko... (gv. 23) _ sabWoTa kavSiris politi-<br />

429

---

kuri xelmZRvanelobis wevrebi gasuli saukunis 60-80-ian wlebSi.<br />

9. zinovievi, kamenevi, buxarini, rikovi... (gv. 24) _ sabWoTa politikuri<br />

moRvaweebi, socializmis cnobili Teoretikosebi, romlebic<br />

stalinurma xelisuflebam 30-ian wlebSi samSoblos da socializmis<br />

mtrebad, „mavneblebad~ Seracxa da sikvdiliT dasaja.<br />

maT dasjas win uZRoda grandiozuli e.w. „saxalxo ganxilvebi,~<br />

rac agreTve inspirirebuli iyo sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier.<br />

10. lavrenti beria (gv. 24) _ 1899-1953 w.w. sabWoTa politikuri da<br />

samxedro moRvawe, skkp politbiuros wevri, sabWoTa kavSiris<br />

marSali, stalinis uaxloesi TanamebrZoli. samSoblos da socializmis<br />

Ralatis braldebiT daxvrites 1953 wels.<br />

11. `am striqonebs im dros vwer~...(gv. 25.~ _ igulisxmeba 2005-<br />

2006 w.w.<br />

12. jorj sorosi (diord SoroSi, gv. 27) _ daibada 1930 w. ungruli<br />

warmoSobis amerikeli miliardeli, finansisti, investori da<br />

filantropi; „Ria sazogadoebis~ Teoriis momxre; saerTaSoriso<br />

„sorosis fondis~ damaarsebeli; mis moRvaweobas msoflioSi sxvadasxvagvarad<br />

afaseben. arsebobs mosazreba, rom man dagegma da<br />

daafinansa qarTuli „vardebis revolucia~ 2003 wlis 23 noembers.<br />

13. deil karnegi (gv. 29) _ 1888-1955 w.w. amerikeli pedagogi, fsiqologi<br />

da mwerali; adamianTa Soris ukonfliqto da dauZabavi urTierTobebis<br />

Teoriis Semqmneli; avtori popularuli naSromebisa:<br />

„oratoruli xelovneba da saqmian partniorebze zegavlenis moxdena~,<br />

„ucnobi faqtebi cnobili adamianebis cxovrebidan~, „rogor<br />

SeviZinoT megobrebi~, „rogor SeviZinoT DTavdajereba sajaro<br />

gamosvlis dros da zegavlena movaxdinoT adamianebze~, „rogor<br />

vZlioT mRelvarebas da daviwyoT cxovreba~.<br />

14. mstislav rostropoviCi (gv. 31) _ 1927-2007 w.w. gamoCenili<br />

rusi violonCelisti da diriJori; sabWoTa kavSiris saxalxo artisti;<br />

sazogado moRvawe _ adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis<br />

damcveli.<br />

15. „qalbatoni Jurnalisti amave dros gaxldaT prezidentis<br />

pressamsaxuris TanamSromeli...~ (gv. 38) _ igulisxmeba tele-<br />

Jurnalisti, imJamad prezident SevardnaZis pressamsaxuris<br />

xelmZRvaneli nato oniani.<br />

16. bil klintoni (uiliam jeferson klintoni gv. 38) _ daibada<br />

1946 wels. aSS 42-e prezidenti (1993-2001 w.w.); demokratiuli<br />

partiis wevri.<br />

17. jek londoni (jon grifit Ceini, gv. 59) _ 1876-1916 w.w. amerikeli<br />

mwerali da Jurnalisti, avtori saTavgadasavlo moTxrobebisa<br />

da romanebisa: „Tovlis dedofali~, „winaparTa Zaxili~, „qemf-<br />

Ton uaisis werilebi~, „zRvis mgeli~, „TamaSi~, „TeTri eSvi~, „adamis<br />

gaCenamde~, „rkinis qusli~, „martin ideni~, „mewamuli Wiri~,<br />

„mzis Svili~, „mziani veli~, „amboxi elsinorze~, „didi saxlis pa-<br />

430

---

tara diasaxlisi~, „kunZuleli jeri~, „jeris Zma~, „samTa guli~...<br />

18. mixail gorbaCovi (gv. 62) _ daibada 1931 wels. rusi sabWoTa<br />

politikuri moRvawe; skkp wevri 1952-1992 w.w. skkp ck-is generaluri<br />

mdivani 1985-1992 w.w. sabWoTa `perestroikis~ mTavari<br />

iniciatori; sabWoTa kavSiris pirveli da ukanaskneli prezidenti<br />

(1990-1991 w.w.); msoflio socialisturi sistemis daSlis<br />

erT-erTi organizatori; nobelis mSvidobis premiis laureati;<br />

avtori wignebisa: „XX saukunis moraluri gakveTilebi~, „fiqrebi<br />

oqtombris revoluciaze~, „axleburi azrovneba~, „fiqrebi warsulze<br />

da momavalze~, „gardaqmnis Secnoba“...<br />

19. `adamon nixas~ (gv. 62) _ separatistuli politikuri moZraoba<br />

saqarTvelos samxreT oseTis avtonomiur olqSi gasuli saukunis<br />

80-iani wlebis dasasrulsa da 90-ianis dasawyisSi. „adamon<br />

nixas~ osuridan _ „xalxis sityva~.<br />

20. „aseTi magaliTebi am epoqis nebismier gazeTSi SeiZleba Segxvdes~<br />

(gv. 69) _ igulisxmeba gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebi.<br />

21. „vxedav, erTi Cemi nacnobi profesori modis, erovnebiT osi...~<br />

(gv. 73) _ saubaria gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebis bolosa da 90ianis<br />

dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi mZvinvare qsenofobiur afeTqebaze.<br />

„nacnob profesorSi~ avtori, profesori jemal afciauri,<br />

osuri warmoSobis cnobil qarTvel mecniers, filosofos oTar<br />

jioevs gulisxmobs.<br />

22. „me nikalasTan erTad gaxldiT orTaWalis duqanSi, jambazTa<br />

yiJinam rom daigrgvina...~ (gv. 75) _ igulisxmeba gamoCenili qarTveli<br />

mxatvari-primitivisti niko firosmanaSvili (nikala) da<br />

hafezis popularuli leqsi, romelic am sityvebiT iwyeba: „bazrisTavs<br />

uceb jambazTa yiJinam daigrgvinao...~<br />

23. ronald uilson reigani (gv. 83) _ 1911-2004 w.w. aSS me-40 prezidenti;<br />

yofili msaxiobi; kaliforniis gubernatori; cnobilia<br />

Tavisi gansxvavebuli ekonomikuri politikiT („reiganomika~);<br />

sabWoTa kavSirs pirvelad man uwoda „borotebis imperia~;<br />

msoflioSi antikomunisturi moZraobebis mxardamWeri. aRiarebulia<br />

erT-erT yvelaze warmatebul prezidentad aSS istoriaSi.<br />

24. rene dekarti (gv. 84) _ 1596-1650 w.w. frangi filosofosi da<br />

maTematikosi; racionaluri filosofiis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli;<br />

„Tanamedrove maTematikis mama~. analizuri geometriis<br />

fuZemdebeli; cvladi sidideebis, koordinatTa meTodebis damnergavi.<br />

25. fridrix engelsi (gv. 84) _ 1820-1895 w.w. germaneli politikosi,<br />

filosofosi, samxedro istorikosi da mewarme. karl marqsTan<br />

erTad marqsistuli moZRvrebis fuZemdebeli; „komunisturi<br />

partiis manifestis~ Tanaavtori; avtori naSromebisa marqsTan<br />

erTad: „germanuli ideologia~, „wminda ojaxi~, „statiebi<br />

CrdiloeT amerikaSi samoqalaqo omis Sesaxeb~, „kapitali~; da-<br />

431

---

moukideblad: „muSaTa klasis mdgomareoba inglisSi~, „glexTa<br />

omebi germaniaSi~, „revolucia da kontrrevolucia germaniaSi~,<br />

„anti-diuringi~, „socializmis ganviTareba utopiidan mecnierebamde<br />

(bunebis dialeqtika)~, „ojaxis, kerZo sakuTrebisa da saxelmwifos<br />

warmoSoba~, „ludvig foierbaxi da germanuli klasikuri<br />

filosofiis dasasruli~...<br />

26. fransua VI de la roSfuko (gv. 84) _ 1613-1680 w.w. cnobili frangi<br />

filosofosi-moralisti; „maqsimebisa~ da „memuarebis~avtori.<br />

27. volteri (fransua mari arue, gv. 84) _ 1694-1778 w.w. didi frangi<br />

filosofosi-ganmanaTlebeli; mwerali, poeti, satirikosi,<br />

istorikosi da publicisti; adamianis uflebaTa damcveli; volterianelobis<br />

fuZemdebeli. 28 klasikuri tragediis avtori, maT<br />

Soris: „oidiposi~, „brutusi~, „keisari~, „al-zira~, „muhamedi~,<br />

„meropa~, „semiramida~, „Cinuri obloba~, „tankredi~... avtori<br />

filosofiuri romanebisa: „babukis moCveneba~, „zadigi anu bediswera~,<br />

„mokromegasi~, „kandidi~, „zRapari babilonel princesaze~,<br />

„Scarmentado~ da sxva.<br />

28. platoni (gv. 84) _ Zv.w. 427-347 w.w. didi berZeni filosofosi;<br />

sokrates mowafe da aristoteles maswavlebeli. filosofiuri<br />

dialogebis avtori.<br />

29. taleirani (Sarl moris de taleiran-perigori, gv 84) _ 1754-<br />

1838 w.w. frangi saxelmwifo moRvawe, politikosi da diplomati;<br />

iyo sasuliero piri _ episkoposi; safrangeTis sagareo saqmeTa<br />

ministri; Tavisive ironiuli gancxadebiT, politikuri karieris<br />

ganmavlobaSi ToTxmet xelisuflebasTan dado erTgulebis fici<br />

da arcerTi ar Seusrulebia.<br />

30. stefan malarme (gv. 84) _ 1842-1898 w.w. frangi poeti-simbolisti;<br />

misma poeziam mniSvnelovani gavlena iqonia cisferyanwelebze<br />

(galaktion tabiZe, tician tabiZe, paolo iaSvili, valerian gafrindaSvili,<br />

kolau nadiraZe, Salva afxaiZe, sandro cirekiZe...).<br />

31. deda tereza (agnes goja boiaju, gv. 88) _ 1910-1997 w.w. albanuri<br />

warmoSobis makedoneli kaTolike monazoni. „qvelmoqmedebis<br />

misioneri~; nobelis mSvidobis premiis laureati; gardacvalebis<br />

Semdeg romis papma ioane-pavle II wmindanad Seracxa; aRiarebulia<br />

XX saukunis sikeTisa da saTnoebis simbolod.<br />

32. saSa (aleqsi) gegeWkori (gv. 101) _ 1887-1928 w.w. revolucioneri-bolSeviki;<br />

soflis meurneobis ministri sabWoTa mTavrobaSi.<br />

nino gegeWkoris biZa. sicocxle daamTavra TviTmkvlelobiT.<br />

33. svetlana alilueva (mogvianebiT _ lana petersi, gv. 103) _<br />

daibada 1926 w. ioseb stalinisa da misi meore colis, nadeJda<br />

aliluevas qaliSvili. istorikosi, folologi da mTargmneli;<br />

1967 wels wavida emigraciaSi (indoeTSi); 1984 wels dabrunda<br />

sabWoTa kavSirSi da sajarod moinania Tavisi saqcieli. ori wlis<br />

Semdeg isev wavida _ amjerad aSS-Si. aris oTxi memuaruli wignis<br />

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avtori: „oci werili megobars~, „mxolod erTi weliwadi~, „wigni<br />

Cemi SviliSvilebisTvis: „mogzauroba samSobloSi~, „Soreuli<br />

musika~. amJamad cxovrobs aSS-Si, viskonsinis StatSi.<br />

34. sergo beria (gv. 105) _ 1924-1998 w.w. fizikosi, profesori, radiolokaciuri<br />

sistemebis cnobili specialisti. avtori wignisa<br />

„mamaCemi lavrenti beria~.<br />

35. iohan peter ekermani (gv. 110) _ 1792-1854 w.w. germaneli poeti,<br />

mwerali da literaturismcodne. TiTqmis aTi weliwadi gaatara<br />

goeTes gverdiT da germanuli punqtualobiT Caiwera didi poetisa<br />

da moazrovnis gamonaTqvamebi. mis nawarmoebs asec ewodeba<br />

_ „goeTes <strong>saubrebi</strong> ekermanTan~.<br />

36. bagrationi (gv. 116) _ saqarTvelos samefo dinastia 809-1810<br />

wlebSi. sakuTar warmoSobas bagrationebi bibliur daviT winaswarmetyvels<br />

ukavSirebdnen. am sagvareulos pirveli warmomadgeneli<br />

saqarTveloSi iyo qarTlis erismTavari 575-590 wlebSi<br />

guaram I kurapalati.<br />

37. „Tumca, xelisuflebam gadawyvetileba mainc naCqarevad da<br />

aseT SenTxvevebSi gaTvaliswinebuli saproceso normebis<br />

ugulebelyofiT miiRo...~ (gv. 118) _ avtori gulisxmobs im<br />

faqts, rom istoriuli qarTuli droSa miiRes saTanado Teoriuli<br />

dasabuTebis gareSe da parametrebis daudgenlad, xolo<br />

gerbs saerTo araferi aqvs qarTul istoriul gerbTan.<br />

38. „baRuaS-orbelianebi, konstantine da giorgi batoniSvilebi~<br />

_ (gv. 121) _ igulisxmeba Zlevamosili qarTveli didebulebi,<br />

romelTa TavkerZoba alagma daviT IV aRmaSenebelma; konstantine<br />

batoniSvili, igive kostan-mirza, Sah-abasis karze aRzrdili qarTveli<br />

ufliswuli, romelmac 1608 wlis 12 marts, Sahisve davalebiT<br />

alaverdis taZarSi mokla mama _ mefe aleqsandre meore da Zma<br />

_ giorgi; informacia giorgi batoniSvilze (av-giorgi) ix. gv. 59.<br />

39. ioane-pavle II (eriskacobaSi karol iozef voitila, gv. 136) _<br />

1920-2005 w.w. romis papi 1978-2005 w.w. papobis istoriaSi pirveli<br />

araitalieli wminda petres taxtze.<br />

40. margaret tetCeri (gv. 138) _ daibada 1925 wels; britaneli<br />

saxelmwifo da politikuri moRvawe; konservatiuli partiis<br />

lideri; didi britaneTis premier-ministri 1979-1990 w.w. 2002<br />

wels politikuri sarbieli samudamod datova. istoriaSi Sevida<br />

„rkinis ledis~saxeliT.<br />

41. geronti qiqoZe (gv. 143) _ 1885-1960 w.w. qarTveli mwerali,<br />

kritikosi, mTargmneli da literaturismcodne. klasikuradaa<br />

miCneuli frangulidan mis mer Targmnili: „wiTeli da Savi~,<br />

„tristan da izolda~, „italiuri qronikebi~, „Sagrenis tyavi~,<br />

prosper merimes moTxrobebi da sxva.<br />

42. mixeil javaxiSvili (gv. 143) _ 1880-1937 w.w. qarTveli mwerali,<br />

Jurnalisti da sazogado moRvawe; romanebisa („arsena marab-<br />

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deli~, „TeTri sayelo~, „jayos xiznebi~) da mravali moTxrobis<br />

avtori. sikvdiliT dasajes 1937 wels „mavnebluri antisabWoTa<br />

moRvaweobisTvis.~<br />

43. tician tabiZe (gv. 143) _ 1893-1937 w.w. gamoCenili qarTveli poeti<br />

da sazogado moRvawe; cisferyanweli; daxvrites 1937 wels<br />

antisabWoTa propagandis braldebiT.<br />

44. grigol robaqiZe (gv. 143) _ 1882-1962 w.w. qarTveli mwerali, publicisti<br />

da sazogado moRvawe; filosofiis doqtori; antibol-<br />

Seviki; moRvaweobda germaniaSi; germanuli nacizmis TanamgrZnobi.<br />

saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSiris daarsebis erT-erTi iniciatori<br />

(1917 w.) avtori romanebisa `falestra~, `gvelis perangi~,<br />

`imam Samili~... gardaicvala JenevaSi. dasaflavebulia levilSi,<br />

parizis gareubanSi.<br />

45. zurab kakabaZe (gv. 144) _ 1926-1982 w.w. qarTveli filosofosi,<br />

poeti da mTargmneli; avtori naSromebisa: „xelovneba, filosofia,<br />

cxovreba~; „filosofiuri <strong>saubrebi</strong>~; „adamiani, rogorc filosofiuri<br />

problema~, „xelovnebis nawarmoebis gagebis problema~<br />

da sxva.<br />

46. giorgi (gogla) leoniZe (gv. 144) _ 1899-1966 w.w. qarTveli mwerali,<br />

poeti da sazogado moRvawe; saqarTvelos saxalxo poeti;<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi.<br />

47. uinston CerCili (ser uinston leonard spenser CerCili, gv. 144)<br />

_ 1874-1965 w.w. britaneli politikosi, sazogado moRvawe, mwerali,<br />

oratori da mxatvari; didi britaneTis premier-ministri 1940-1945<br />

da 1951-1955 w.w. faSisturi germaniis winaaRmdeg saerTaSoriso koaliciis<br />

Seqmnis erT-erTi mTavari organizatori. nobelis premiis<br />

laureati literaturis dargSi. istorikosebis azriT, „CerCilis<br />

gareSe XX saukunis istoriis dawera SeuZlebelia~.<br />

48. volfgang amadeus mocarti (gv. 145) _ 1756-1791 w.w. avstrieli<br />

kompozitori; genialuri operebis („motaceba seralidan~, „figaros<br />

qorwineba~, „don Juani~, „ase iqceva yvela qali~, „jadosnuri<br />

fleita~), simfoniebis, sxva musikaluri nawarmoebebis avtori.<br />

49. frederik franciSek Sopeni (gv. 145) _ 1810-1849 w.w. didi poloneli<br />

kompozitori da pianisti; polonezebis, noqtiurnebis, valsebis,<br />

baladebis avtori. werda, ZiriTadad, fortepianosTvis.<br />

50. ernest miler heminguei (gv. 157) _ 1899-1961 w.w. amerikeli Jurnalisti<br />

da mwerali; nobelis premiis laureati; avtori dokumenturi<br />

prozis, moTxrobebis da romanebisa „aRmoxdebis mze~,<br />

`mSvidobiT, iaraRo!~ „iq, sadac sinaTle da sispetakea~, „qona da<br />

arqona~, „vis uxmobs zari~, „mdinaris gaRma, xeebis CrdilqveS~,<br />

„moxuci da zRva~, „kilimanjaros Tovliani mTa~, „edemis baRebi~,<br />

„martin ideni~...<br />

51. solomon dodaSvili (gv. 159) _ 1805-1836 w.w. qarTveli filosofosi,<br />

publicisti, literatori da sazogado moRvawe; pirve-<br />

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li qarTuli rusulenovani gazeTis `tiflisskie vedemosti~<br />

damaarsebeli da redaqtori (gamodioda 1828-1832 w.w.); 1832 wlis<br />

ajanyebis monawile; avtori samecniero naSromebisa „logika~<br />

(rusul enaze) da „qarTuli Rramatika~. gardaicvala gadasaxlebaSi,<br />

viatkaSi.<br />

52. ivane javaxiSvili (gv. 181) _ 1876-1940 w.w. qarTveli istorikosi<br />

da sazogado moRvawe; pirveli qarTuli universitetis TanadamfuZnebeli<br />

(1818 w.); saqarTvelos da kavkasiis istoriis samecniero<br />

skolis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli; sabWoTa kavSiris da saqarTvelos<br />

mecnierebaTa akademiebis wevri; avtori naSromebisa:<br />

„Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba~, „qarTuli numizmatika~,<br />

qarTuli diplomatika~, „qarTveli eris istoria~ (xuT wignad),<br />

„saqarTvelos sazRvrebi~, „saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoria~,<br />

„qarTuli samarTlis istoria~...<br />

53. daviT guramiSvili (gv. 182) _ 1705-1792 w.w. gamoCenili qarTveli<br />

poeti da moazrovne; ruseTis armiis oficeri; monawileobda<br />

ruseT-osmaleTis, ruseT-SvedeTisa da ruseT-prusiis omebSi.<br />

1759 wlidan sicocxlis bolomde cxovrobda ukrainaSi, mirgorodSi.<br />

avtori filosofiuri poeturi nawarmoebebis krebulisa<br />

„daviTiani~.<br />

54. galaktion tabiZe (gv. 182) _ 1891-1959 w.w. didi qarTveli poeti;<br />

simbolisti da cisferyanweli; saqarTvelos saxalxo poeti;<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi; „saqarTvelos<br />

poetebis mefe~; 1959 wlis 17 marts sicocxle TviTmkvlelobiT<br />

daamTavra.<br />

55. terenti graneli (kvirkvelia, gv. 183) _ 1897-1934 w.w. qarTveli<br />

poeti da publicisti.<br />

56. gi de mopasani (anri rene alber gi de mopasani, gv. 183) _ 1850-<br />

893 w.w. gamoCenili frangi mwerali da Jurnalisti; misi moTxrobebis<br />

pirveli krebuli (1881 w.) `telies saxli~ or weliwadSi<br />

Tormetjer gamoica. avtori gaxmaurebuli romanebisa: `wuTisofeli~,<br />

`pieri da Jani~, `lamazi megobari~. D<br />

57. “Sennairi gaqanebis kaci rom erma daimaxsovros, sul cota,<br />

sveticxoveli unda dawva...~ (gv. 185) _ igulisxmeba istoria-<br />

Si Sesvlis akviatebuli ideiT Sepyrobili vinme herostrate,<br />

romelmac Zv.w. 356 wlis 20 ivliss gadawva Zveli msoflios erTerTi<br />

saocreba _ artemidas taZari efesoSi.<br />

58. ernesto Ce gevara (rafael gevara linC de la serna, 191) _<br />

1928-1967 w.w. kubeli revolucioneri, fidel kastros TanamebrZoli;<br />

profesiiT eqimi-qirurgi; komunisturi partiis wevri;<br />

mrewvelobis ministri kastros xelisuflebaSi (1961-1964 w.w.);<br />

revoluciis eqsportis ideologi da Semsrulebeli. mokles boliviaSi<br />

revoluciis mowyobis mcdelobisTvis.<br />

59. zurab Jvania (gv. 191) _ 1963-2005 w.w. qarTveli politikosi;<br />

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saqarTvelos „mwvaneTa partiis“ damaarsebeli da lideri; saqarTvelos<br />

„moqalaqeTa kavSiris~ (mmarTveli partia prezident<br />

SevardnaZis dros, 1994-2003 w.w.) generaluri mdivani; saqarTvelos<br />

parlamentis Tavjdomare da premier-ministri; gaurkvevel<br />

viTarebaSi daiRupa 2005 wlis 3 Tebervals.<br />

60. zurab kakabaZe (gv. 144) _ 1926-1982 w.w. qarTveli filosofosi,<br />

poeti da mTargmneli; avtori naSromebisa: „xelovneba, filosofia,<br />

cxovreba~; „filosofiuri <strong>saubrebi</strong>~; „adamiani, rogorc filosofiuri<br />

problema~, „xelovnebis nawarmoebis gagebis problema~<br />

da sxva.<br />

61. marati, dantoni, demuleni, robespieri, kutoni... _ (gv. 191) _<br />

iakobinuri moZraobisa da safrangeTis didi revoluciis (1789-<br />

1793 w.w.) didi liderebi. aRsaniSnavia, am da sam aTasamde sxva revolucionerma<br />

sicocxle giliotinaze daasrules (garda maratisa,<br />

romelic sakuTar sawolSi xanjliT aCexa Sarlota kordem).<br />

simbolurad, giliotinaze Tavi mohkveTes im adamianebsac (magaliTad,<br />

maqsimilian robespiers), romlebmac ganaCenis aRsrulebamde<br />

sicocxle TviTmkvlelobiT daasrules.<br />

62. aleqsandre diuma (mama, gv. 192) _ 1802-1870 w.w. gamoCenili<br />

frangi mwerali, dramaturgi da Jurnalisti; avtori saTavgadasavlo<br />

da istoriuli romanebisa: „sami muSketeri (trilogia),<br />

„grafi monte-kristo~, „ori diana~, „dedofali margo~, „henri<br />

meoTxis cxovreba~, „Savi tita~ da mravali sxva.<br />

63. napoleon bonaparte (gv. 193) _ 1769-1821 w.w. frangi saxelmwifo,<br />

politikuri da samxedro moRvawe; erT-erTi udidesi strategi<br />

da mxedarTmTavari kacobriobis istoriaSi; safrangeTis didi<br />

revoluciis Semdeg pirveli konsuli da Semdeg imperatori<br />

(1804-1815 w.w.). udidesi dampyrobeli da reformatori. gardaicvala<br />

gadasaxlebaSi, atlantis okeanis samxreTSi mdebare wm.<br />

elenes kunZulze.<br />

64. burbonebi (gv. 194) _ franguli aristokratiuli warmoSobis<br />

sagvareulo. safrangeTis mefeebi 1589-1830 w.w. espaneTis mefeebi<br />

1700 wlidan dRemde; vandomis, orleanis da parmis hercogebi;<br />

kondesa da kontis princebi; suverenuli da nominaluri hercogebi...<br />

samefo sagvareulo saTaves iRebs cnobili kapetingebis<br />

samefo saxlidan (rober kapetingi 1256-1317 w.w.).<br />

65. spartaki (gv. 194) _ dabadebis TariRi ucnobia. gardaicvala Zv.<br />

w. 71 wels. msoflios istoriaSi monaTa udidesi ajanyebis meTauri<br />

(74-71 w.w.) warmoSobiT _ Trakieli; romaelebis winaaRmdeg<br />

brZolisas tyved Cavarda da gaqcevis mcdelobis Semdeg gahyides<br />

gladiatorad qalaq kapuaSi. aqedan daiwyo monaTa ajanyeba<br />

spartakis meTaurobiT, romelic TiTqmis sami wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />

gagrZelda da sabolood marcxiT damTavrda. TviTon spartaki<br />

brZolaSi daiRupa.<br />

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66. emelian pugaCovi (gv. 194) _ 1742-1775 w.w. donel kazakTa atamani;<br />

imperator ekaterine meoris winaaRmdeg kazakTa grandiozuli<br />

ajanyebis meTauri (1773-1774 w.w.). Tavs asaRebda imperator<br />

petre III. sikvdiliT dasajes moskovSi 1775 wlis 10 ianvars.<br />

67. utu miqava (gv. 194) _ 1812-1878 w.w. walenjixeli glexi, mWedeli<br />

da zeinkali; samegrelos glexTa ajanyebis meTauri (1856-1857<br />

w.w.).<br />

68. andrei viSinski (gv. 196) _ 1883-1954 w.w. sabWoTa mecnieri, politikuri<br />

da saxelmwifo moRvawe; iuristi da diplomati; sabWoTa<br />

kavSiris mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi; saxkomsabWos Tavjdomaris<br />

moadgile; sagareo saqmeTa ministri; generaluri prokurori;<br />

samarTlis Teoretikosi da „reformatori~. 40-iani wlebis<br />

bolos misi iniciativiT gatarebuli samarTlebrivi reformebis<br />

wyalobiT, kanons eniWeboda ukuqceviTi Zala, xolo eWvmitanilis<br />

aRiareba miCneuli iyo „mtkicebulebaTa dedoflad~, rac<br />

usazRvro masStabebs aniWebda bolSevikur represiebs.<br />

69. mao Ze duni (gv. 196) _ 1893-1976 w.w. Cinuri komunizmis fuZemdebeli<br />

da mTavari ideologi; CineTis komunisturi partiisa da misi<br />

SeiaraRebuli Zalebis Semqmneli; CineTis politikuri da samxedro<br />

lideri gasuli saukunis 30-iani wlebidan; CineTis saxalxo<br />

respublikis erTpirovnuli mmarTveli 1949-1976 w.w. CineTSi e.w.<br />

„kulturuli revoluciis~ organizatori, romelmac mravali<br />

milioni adamianis sicocxle Seiwira; „Tavmjdomare maos~ kulti<br />

XXI saukunis dasawyisis CineTSic Zalian aqtualuria.<br />

70. fidel kastro (fidel alexandro kastro rusi, gv. 196) _<br />

daibada 1926 wels. kubis komunisturi partiis wevri; 1959 wlis 1<br />

ianvars, samxedro gadatrialebisa da diqtator batistas damxobis<br />

Semdeg, rogorc premier-ministri, saTaveSi Caudga kubis xelisuflebas.<br />

1976-dan 2008 wlamde erTdroulad iyo kubis prezidenti,<br />

saxelmwifo sabWos Tavmjdomare, premier-ministri da<br />

umaRlesi mTavarsardali. 2008 wels, janmrTelobis gauaresebis<br />

gamo Zalaufleba umcros Zmas, raul kastros gadaabara.<br />

71. muamar kadafi (muammar ben muhamed abu meniar abd as-salam ben<br />

hamid al-kaddafii, gv. 196) _ daibada 1942 wels mwyemsi beduinis<br />

ojaxSi; libiis saxelmwifos meTauri 1970 wlidan (saerTosaxalxo<br />

kongresis generaluri mdivani, premier-ministri da<br />

Tavdacvis ministri). marqsisti; xelisuflebis saTaveSi mivida<br />

misi xelmZRvanelobiT ganxorcielebuli revoluciis (saxelmwifo<br />

gadatrialebis) Sedegad, romelmac daamxo mefe idris I xelisufleba.<br />

aRiarebulia saerTaSoriso terorizmis mfarvelad<br />

da msoflios #1 teroristad.<br />

72. sadam huseini (sadam husein abd al-majid aT-TiqriTi, gv. 196)<br />

_ 1937-2006 w.w. erayeli samxedro da politikuri moRvawe; daibada<br />

mecxvaris ojaxSi qalaq TiqriTTan axlos; erayis premier-min-<br />

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istri 1979-2003 w.w. prezidenti _ 1994-2003 w.w. mmarTveli baasis<br />

partiis generaluri mdivani; erayis marSali da revoluciuri<br />

samxedro sabWos Tavmjdomare; 1980 wels wamoiwyo omi iranTan,<br />

romelic 8 wlis ganmavlobaSi gagrZelda; bralad edeba erayeli<br />

qurTebisa da Siitebis genocidi; 2003 wlis martSi, im motiviT,<br />

rom saidumlod mzaddeboda birTvuli iaraRi, aSS iniciativiT<br />

eraySi koaliciuri jarebi Sevida, romelmac Zalian swrafad<br />

daamxo sadamis xelisufleba. imave wlis 13 dekembers sadam huseini<br />

Seipyres, 2006 wlis 30 dekembers sikvdiliT dasajes.<br />

73. xo Si mini (nguen Sin kungi, nguen tat Txani, nguen ai kuoki,<br />

gv, 196) _ 1890-1969 w.w. msoflio komunisturi moZraobis<br />

aqtivisti,sabZoTa komunisturi skolis aRzrdili, safrangeTis<br />

komunisturi partiis wevri, indoCineTisa da vietnamis komunisturi<br />

partiebis damaarsebeli, vietnamis socialisturi gadatrialebis<br />

organizatori, vietnamis premier ministri da prezidenti<br />

1946-1969 w.w. CrdiloeT vietnamisTvis dResac uryevi avtoriteti,<br />

yvela xalxis da yvela drois ubrZnesi beladi.<br />

74. “umorCilesad vTxov jondis maswavlebels, amis wamkiTxveli<br />

gulSi tyvias nu daixlis~ (gv. 200) _ igulisxmeba akaki<br />

wereTlis cnobili poemis, `gamzrdelis~ personaJi haji usubi,<br />

romelmac Tavisi namowafaris danaSaulis gamo Tavi moikla.<br />

75. fulxensio batista (gv. 211) _ 1901-1973 w.w. kubis diqtatori<br />

1933-1944 da 1952-1958 wlebSi. fidel kastros razmebis Setevisgan<br />

Tavis aridebis mizniT, kubidan espaneTSi gaiqca 1959 wlis<br />

pirvel ianvars.<br />

76. Sarl de goli (gv. 218) _ 1890-1970 w.w. frangi samxedro da politikuri<br />

moRvawe; meore msoflio omis dros safrangeTis gaTavisuflebis<br />

moZraobis lideri da droebiTi mTavrobis Tavjdomare;<br />

safrangeTis prezidenti 1958-1969 w.w.<br />

77. gustav floberi (gv. 218) _ 1821-1880 w.w. frangi romanisti,<br />

avtori gaxmaurebuli romanebisa: „madam bovari~, „grZnobebis<br />

damorCileba~, „buvari da pekiuSe~, „salambo~.<br />

78. polikarpe kakabaZe (gv. 226) _ 1893-1972 w.w. qarTveli dramaturgi;<br />

avtori piesebisa: „gzajvaredinze~, „sisxli sinaTlemde~,<br />

„sami asuli~, „lisabonis tusaRebi~, „kolmeurnis qorwineba~,<br />

„cicinaTela~, „paeqroba~, „kaxaberis xmali~... sayovelTao aRiareba<br />

moutana piesam „yvaryvare TuTaberi~.<br />

79. yvarvare (gv. 226) _ qarTul literaturaSi konformizmisa da<br />

farisevlobis simbolod aRiarebuli polikarpe kakabaZis amave<br />

saxelwodebis piesis personaJi.<br />

80. mamardaSvili merab (gv. 249) _ 1930-1990 w.w. cnobili qarTveli<br />

filosofosi da sazogado moRvawe. avtori naSromebisa: `azrovnebis<br />

formebi da SigTavsebi~, `simbolo da eWvi~, `racionalizmis<br />

klasikuri da araklasikuri idealebi~, `rogor mesmis fi-<br />

438

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losofia~, `kartezianuli gansjani~, `kartezianuli variaciebi~,<br />

`Semecnebis isari~, `leqciebi antikur filosofiaSi~.<br />

81. niko WavWavaZe (gv. 249) _ 1923-1997 w.w. qarTveli filosofosi<br />

da sazogado moRvawe; saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi;<br />

meore msoflio omis monawile; saqarTvelos filosofiis<br />

institutis direqtori 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi; avtori naSromebisa:<br />

„esTetikis sakiTxebi~, „esTetikuri sagnis bunebisaTvis~,<br />

„kultura da Rirebulebebi~.<br />

82. herbert spenseri (gv. 268) _ 1820-1903 w.w. ingliseli filosofosi<br />

da sociologi; evolucionizmis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli;<br />

avtori naSromebisa: „sinTeturi filosofiis sistema~, „adamiani<br />

da saxelmwifo~, „filosofia da religia~, „saxelmwifo xelisuflebis<br />

aucilebeli sazRvrebi~, „gonebrivi, moraluri da fizikuri<br />

aRzrda~, „eTikis Sesaxeb~, „samarTlianoba~, „mecnieruli,<br />

politikuri da filosofiuri esseebi~.<br />

83. artur Sopenhaueri (gv. 268) _ 1788-1860 w.w. germaneli filosofosi,<br />

iracionalizmis erT-erTi udidesi warmomadgeneli; mistikosi;<br />

avtori naSromebisa: „mxedvelobisa da ferbis Sesaxeb~,<br />

„samyaro, rogorc nebeloba da warmodgena~, „nebelobis Tavisuflebis<br />

Sesaxeb~, „moralis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb~, „eTikis ori<br />

ZiriTadi problema~.<br />

84. jorj orueli (erik artur bleri, gv. 270) _ 1903-1950 w.w. ingliseli<br />

mwerali da esseisti; avtori gaxmaurebuli romanebisa:<br />

„cxovelebis ferma~ da „1984~.<br />

85. erix fromi (gv. 273) _ 1900-1980 w.w. germaneli filosofosi, socialuri<br />

fsiqologi da fsiqoanalitikosi; avtori naSromebisa:<br />

„gaqceva Tavisuflebidan~, „adamiani sakuTari TavisTvis~, „adamianuri<br />

destruqciulobis anatomia~, „froidis Teoriis didebuleba<br />

da SezRuduloba~, „siyvarulis xelovneba~, „fsiqoanalizis<br />

krizisi~...<br />

86. epikure (gv. 276) _ 341-270 w.w. Zv. w. berZeni filosofosi, moralisti<br />

da aTeisti. epikureizmis fuZemdebeli filosofiaSi; samasamde<br />

naSromis avtori.<br />

87. imanuil kanti (gv. 276) _ 1724-1804 w.w. germaneli filosofosi,<br />

germanuli klasikuri filosofiis fuZemdebeli. avtori naSromebisa:<br />

„wminda gonebis kritika~, „praqtikuli gonebis kritika~,<br />

„zneobriobis metafizikis safuZvlebi~, „berdeba Tu ara<br />

dedamiwa fizikuri TvalsazrisiT~, „leqciebi eTikaze~ ...<br />

88. sioren kierkegori (gv. 276) _ 1813-1855 w.w. danieli filosofosi,<br />

Teologi da mwerali, Tanamedrove egzistencializmis<br />

erT-erTi fuZemdebeli. avtori naSromebisa: „jer kidev cocxlis<br />

Canawerebidan~, „ironiis gagebisaTvis~, „Wkuissaswavlebeli<br />

sityvebi~, „SiSis gagebisaTvis~, „SiSi da TrTolva~, „qristianobis<br />

Sesavali~...<br />

439

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89. benediqte spinoza (barux de spinoza, gv. 276) _ 1632-1677 w.w. ebr<br />

auli warmoSobis niderlandeli filosofosi; axali droebis<br />

filosofiis (racionalizmis) erT-erTi udidesi warmomadgeneli;<br />

avtori naSromebisa: „eTika~, „saRvTismetyvelo-politikuri traqtati~,<br />

„RmerTis, adamianisa da misi bednierebis Sesaxeb~, „traqtati<br />

gonis srulyofilebis Sesaxeb~, „politikuri traqtati~.<br />

90. hegeli (georg fridrix vilhelm hegeli, gv. 276) _ 1770-1831<br />

w.w. germaneli filosofosi; germanuli klasikuri filosofiis<br />

udidesi warmomadgeneli; avtori naSromebisa „sulis fenomenologia~;<br />

„logika~, „samarTlis filosofia~, „naturfilosofia~,<br />

„istoriis filosofia~, „religiis filosofia~, „leqciebi esTetikaSi~,<br />

„qristianobis arsi da misi momavali~...<br />

91. Tomas hobsi (gv. 276) – 1588-1679 w.w. ingliseli filosofosi, saxelmwifos<br />

warmoSobisa da sazogadoebrivi SeTanxmebis Teoriis<br />

fuZemdebeli; avtori naSromebisa „filosofiis safuZvlebi (filosofiuri<br />

trilogia)~, „leviaTani, anu sasuliero da saero<br />

saxelmwifos forma da Zalaufleba~.<br />

92. gothold efraim lesingi (gv. 289) _ 1729-1781 w.w. didi germaneli<br />

mwerali, filosofosi da ganmanaTlebeli; avtori piesebisa:<br />

„axalgazrda mecnieri~, „qalTa moZule~, „Sinabera~, „ebraelebi~,<br />

„Tavisuflad moazrovne~, „mis sara samfsoni~, „mina fon barnhelmi~,<br />

„emilia da galoti~, „naTan brZeni~...<br />

93. benito amilkare andrea musolini (gv. 289) – 1883-1945 w.w. fa-<br />

Sizmis fuZemdebeli da propagandisti; italiaSi faSisturi gadatrialebis<br />

organizatori 1922w. italiis diqtatori 1922-1945<br />

wlebSi.<br />

94. plutarqe (gv. 289) _ Zv. w. daaxloebiT 46-130 w.w. kacobriobis<br />

istoriaSi erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili da popularuli berZeni<br />

mwerali, literatori, filosofosi da istorikosi; saxelganTqmuli<br />

`paraleluri biografiebis~ avtori.<br />

95. daviT IV aRmaSenebeli (bagrationi, gv. 312) _ 1073-1125 w.w. saqarTvelos<br />

mefe 1089-1125 w.w. „mefe afxazTa, qarTvelTa, ranTa da<br />

somexTa~; saqarTvelos gamaerTianebeli da erT-erTi yvelaze<br />

gamoCenili mefe saqarTvelos istoriaSi; Zireuli saero-politikuri<br />

da saeklesio reformebis iniciatori da ganmaxorcielebeli;<br />

arabTa batonobisgan saqarTvelos ganmaTavisuflebeli.<br />

96. henri alfred kisinjeri (hainc alfred kisingeri, gv. 318) _<br />

daibada 1923 wels. amerikeli saxelmwifo moRvawe, diplomati,<br />

eqsperti saerTaSoriso sakiTxebSi; aSS rigiT 56-e saxelmwifo<br />

mdivani; nobelis premiis laureati; 2002 wels aRiares pirvel<br />

nomrad msoflios as saukeTeso inteleqtuals Soris.<br />

97. helmut koli (helmut iozef mixael koli, gv. 318) – daibada<br />

1930 wels. germaneli saxelmwifo da politikuri moRvawe; germaniis<br />

federaluri kancleri 1982-1998 wlebSi; udidesi wvlili<br />

440

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miuZRvis germaniisa da evropis gaerTianebaSi, `civi omis~ dam-<br />

Tavrebasa da „axali msoflio wesrigis~ SeqmnaSi.<br />

98. franklin delano ruzvelti (gv. 318) _ 1882-1945 w.w. aSS 32-e<br />

prezidenti; erTaderTi aSS istoriaSi, vinc prezidentis postze<br />

oTxjer airCies; igi da misi meuRle eleonora iTvlebian Tanamedrove<br />

liberaluri demokratiis fuZemdeblebad; stalinTan da<br />

CerCilTan erTad, udidesi Rvawli miuZRvis antihitleruli koaliciis<br />

Seqmnasa da germanuli faSizmis damarcxebaSi. moixsenieba<br />

aSS sam udides prezidents Soris.<br />

99. jorj vaSingtoni (gv. 318) _ 1732-1799 w.w. amerikelTa britanulfranguli<br />

kolonizaciis winaaRmdeg brZolis organizatori da<br />

meTauri; aSS umaRlesi mTavarsardali; aSS pirveli prezidenti<br />

(1789-1797 w.w.) erT-erTi udidesi politikuri moRvawe msoflio<br />

istoriaSi.<br />

100. jon adamsi (gv. 318) _ 1935-1826 w.w. aSS erT-erTi yvelaze gavleniani<br />

damaarsebeli; aSS vice prezidenti jorj vaSingtonis prezidentobisas<br />

(1789-1797 w.w.); aSS meore prezidenti (1797-1801 w.w.);<br />

aSS meeqvse prezidentis, jon kuinsi adamsis mama; colTan, abigail<br />

adamsTan erTad, adamsebis politikuri ojaxis damaarsebeli.<br />

101. jeims adison beikeri (gv. 318) _ daibada 1930 wels; amerikeli<br />

politikuri moRvawe; prezident reiganis administraciis xelmZRvaneli;<br />

aSS 61-e saxelmwifo mdivani (1989-1992 w.w.). 1992 wels imyofeboda<br />

saqarTveloSic da mieniWa `sapatio mxedrionelis~ wodeba.<br />

102. hans-ditrix genSeri (gv. 318) _ daibada 1927 wels. germaneli<br />

politikuri moRvawe; germaniis Tavisufali demokratiuli partiis<br />

wevri; gfr sagareo saqmeTa ministri 1974-1992 w.w. germaniis<br />

Sinagan saqmeTa ministri 1969-1974 w.w. germaniis bundestagis<br />

wevri 1965-1974 w.w. mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula „civi omis~<br />

dasrulebasa da „axali msoflio wesrigis~ CamoyalibebaSi; avtori<br />

memuaruli xasiaTis wignisa „mogonebani~.<br />

103. bismarki (oto eduard leopold fon bismark-Sionhauzeni, gv.<br />

318) _ 1815-1898 w.w. gamoCenili germaneli diplomati da politikuri<br />

moRvawe; germaniis gamaerTianebeli da pirveli kancleri<br />

(1871-1890 w.w.); sapatio general-feldmarSali; „samTa kavSiris~<br />

(germania-avstria-italia) Seqmnis mTavari iniciatori. mas miaweren<br />

gamoTqmas: „Tu gindaT aaSenoT socializmi, airCieT qveyana,<br />

romlis daRupva ar dagenanebaT~.<br />

104. mahaTma gandi (mohandas yaramCand mahaTma gandi, gv. 321) _<br />

1869-1948 w.w. indoeTis damoukideblobisaTvis araZaladobrivi<br />

gzebiT brZolis Teoretikosi da organizatori, indoeli xalxis<br />

sulieri winamZRoli TavisuflebisTvis brZolaSi; iuristi da<br />

filosofosi. tituli „mahaTma~ („didi suli~) mis mimarT pirvelad<br />

gamoiyena didma indoelma mweralma, rabindranaT Tagorma<br />

1915 wels.<br />

441

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105. dimitri yifiani (gv. 321) _ 1814-1887 w.w. qarTveli sazogado<br />

moRvawe, publicisti da erovnul-gamaTavisuflebeli moZraobis<br />

Tavkaci. Tbilisisa da quTaisis guberniebis Tavadaznaurobis<br />

winamZRoli; Tbilisis qalaqisTavi (1876-1879 w.w.) Tbilisis<br />

sasuliero seminariis reqtroris mkvlelobis gamo egzarxosma<br />

pavlem qarTveli eri SeaCvena, ris gamoc mas dimitri yifianma<br />

saqarTvelos datoveba oficialurad mosTxova. amisTvis dimitri<br />

yifiani Tanamdebobidan gadaayenes da stavropolSi gadaasaxles,<br />

sadac erTi wlis Semdeg mZinare mohkles. 2007 w. igi saqarTvelos<br />

sapatriarqom wmindanad Seracxa.<br />

106. benJamin dizraeli (gv. 321) _ 1804-1881 w.w. ebrauli warmoSobis<br />

britaneli saxelmwifo moRvawe; iuristi, mwerali da Jurnalisti.<br />

britaneTis konservatiuli partiis lideri; didi britaneTis<br />

premier-ministri 1868 da 1874-1880 w.w. lordTa palatis<br />

wevri 1876 wlidan; mas miewereba cnobili gamoTqma _ „mizani amarTlebs<br />

saSualebas~.<br />

107. abraam linkolni (gv. 321) _ 1809-1865 w.w. aSS me-16 prezidenti<br />

(1861-1865 w.w.). amerikuli monobis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli; respublikuri<br />

partiis lideri.; samoqalaqo omis gmiri da amerikis<br />

gamaerTianebeli. aRiarebulia saukeTeso prezidentad aSS istoriaSi.<br />

1865 wlis 14 aprils sasikvdilod daWra „samxreTelTa~ mxardamWerma<br />

jon buTma. ^<br />

108. grigol lorTqifaniZe (gv. 321) _ 1881-1937 w.w. qarTveli politikuri<br />

da sazogado moRvawe; 1918 1921 wlebSi asrulebda gana-<br />

Tlebis da samxedro ministris, premier-ministris moadgilis<br />

movaleobas. bolSevikuri okupaciis dros darCa saqarTveloSi<br />

da xelmZRvanelobda aWaridan Turqi okupantebis gandevnis operacias;<br />

awarmoebda molaparakebebs bolSevikur revkomTan saqarTvelos<br />

politikuri mowyobis Taobaze; rogorc politikurad<br />

arasaimedo, represirebuli iyo bolSevikebis mier; daxvrites<br />

1937 wels. avtori filosofiur-esseisturi Janris nawarmoebebisa:<br />

„fiqrebi saqarTveloze~ da „politikuri anderZi~.<br />

109. nikita xruSCovi (gv. 322) _ 1894-1971 w.w. sabWoTa politikuri<br />

moRvawe; skkp ck pirveli mdivani 1953-1964 w.w. ssrk ministrTa<br />

sabWos Tavjdomare 1958-1964 w.w. sabWoTa kavSiris gmiri, samgzis<br />

socialisturi Sromis gmiri; 50-iani wlebis „civi omis~ mTavari<br />

inspiratori; erT-erTi yvelaze odiozuri mmarTveli sabWoTa<br />

istoriaSi.<br />

110. hindenburgi (paul ludvig hans anton fon benekendorf und<br />

fon hindenburgi, gv. 334) _ germaneli politikosi da mxedar-<br />

TmTavari; pirveli msoflio omis dros germaniis aRmosavleTis<br />

frontis mTavarsardali; generaluri Stabis ufrosi; prusiis<br />

general-feldmarSali. germaniis raixsprezidenti 1925-1933 w.w.<br />

1933 wlis 21 marts samoqalaqo dapirispirebis Tavidan acilebis<br />

442

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mizniT, xelisufleba nebayoflobiT gadaabara adolf hitlers<br />

da mis nacional-socialistur partias.<br />

111. nikolo di bernardo makiaveli (gv. 349) _ 1469-1457) w.w. italieli<br />

(florencieli) filosofosi, mwerali da politikuri<br />

moRvawe. misi Teoriis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifos, xelisuflebis<br />

Zlierebis gansamtkiceblad da SesanarCuneblad nebismieri saSualeba<br />

gamarTlebulia. florenciis samTavroSi asrulebda saxelmwifo<br />

mdivnis Tanamdebobas. makiavelis ZiriTadi naSromebia<br />

„mTavari~ da „msjelobani~. dawerili aqvs agreTve istoriuli<br />

narkvevebi, lirikuli da dramatuli nawarmoebebi, romani.<br />

112.Cezare borjia (gv. 351) _ 1475-1507 w.w. espanuri warmoSobis italieli<br />

didgvarovani; kardinal rodrigo borjias, SemdgomSi<br />

_ papi aleqsandre VI vaJiSvili; gonfalieri da wminda eklesiis<br />

general-kapitani; hercogi valanseli, grafi dioseli, andriis<br />

princi; piombinos, kamerinos da ubinos mmarTveli; cnobilia Tavisi<br />

sisastikiT da daundoblobiT; italiis samefo-samTavroebis<br />

gaerTianebisTvis mebrZoli; leonardo da vinCis megobari;<br />

nikolo makiavelis kumiri.<br />

113. kim ir seni (kim son CJu, gv. 354) _ 1912-1994 w.w. marqsizmis<br />

koreuli versiis (CuCxe) avtori; Crd. koreis saxelmwifos damaarsebeli;<br />

koreis Sromis partiis generaluri mdivani, saxelmwifos<br />

meTauri da prezidenti; koreis marSali da generalisimusi;<br />

oficialuri tituli _ „didi beladi, amxanagi marSali kim ir<br />

seni~. sikvdilis Semdeg gamocxadda maradiul prezidentad.<br />

114. fridrix didi (hohencoleri, `beberi frici~, gv. 356) _ 1712-<br />

1786 w.w. prusiis mefe 1740-1786 w.w. evropuli ganaTlebuli absolutizmis<br />

brwyinvale warmomadgeneli da prusiul-germanuli<br />

saxelmwifoebriobis erT-erTi mTavari fuZemdebeli; mefe-filosofosi<br />

da mefe-musikosi; poligloti, umamacesi meomari<br />

da mxedarTmTavari. umniSvnelovanesi saero da saeklesio reformebis<br />

organizatori.<br />

115. gaius iulius keisari (gv. 357) _ Zv. w. 100-44 w.w. Zveli romis<br />

da kacobriobis erT-erTi ugamoCinebulesi politikuri da saxelmwifo<br />

moRvawe; mxedarTmTavari, reformatori, mwerali da<br />

oratori. mokles SeTqmulebma. erT-erTi versiiT, keisris mkvleloba<br />

erTmmarTvelobisken misma swrafvamac gamoiwvia.<br />

116. Toma akvineli (gv. 357) _ 1225-1274 w.w. gviani Sua saukuneebis<br />

erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili da gavleniani italieli filosofosi;<br />

Tomizmis (kaTolicizmis umTavresi filosofiuri moZRvreba)<br />

fuZemdebeli; avtori naSromebisa: „Teologiis Sejameba~, „Sejameba<br />

warmarTTa winaaRmdeg~, „WeSmaritebis Sesaxeb~.<br />

117. isaia berlini (gv. 357) _ 1909-1997 w.w. ingliseli filosofosi<br />

da istorikosi, Tanamedrove liberaluri politikuri filosofiis<br />

erT-erTi damaarsebeli; britaneTis akademiis prezidenti<br />

443

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1974-1978 wlebSi. avtori naSromebisa: „zRarbi da mela~ (Sesulia<br />

XX saukunis as saukeTeso arabeletristul wigns Soris), „istoriuli<br />

garduvaloba~, „Tavisuflebis ori koncefcia~, „oTxi esse<br />

Tavisuflebaze~, „cnebebi da kategoriebi~, „rusi moazrovneebi~,<br />

„dinebis sawinaaRmdegod~...<br />

118. aleqsandre makedoneli (gv. 357) _ Zv.w. 356-323 w.w. makedoniis<br />

mefe 336-323 w.w. erT-erTi yvelaze saxelovani mxedarTmTavari<br />

kacobriobis istoriaSi; makedoniis mefe filipe II da misi meoTxe<br />

colis, olimpiadas vaJiSvili; aristoteles usayvarlesi da uni-<br />

Wieresi mowafe. misi meTaurobiT Catarebuli brZolebi dRemde<br />

samxedro strategiis nimuSebadaa aRiarebuli.<br />

119. solomon brZeni (gv. 357) _ israel-iudeis saxelmwifos mesame<br />

mefe (daaxloebiT Zv.w. 965-928 w.w.); mefe daviTis mesame vaJiSvili;<br />

RmerTis rCeuli da gansakuTrebuli sibrZniT dajildoebuli.<br />

mis saxels ukavSirdeba mravali legenda da miTi; masve miewereba<br />

eklesiastes avtorobac.<br />

120. paul Tomas mani (gv. 376) _ 1875-1955 w.w. germaneli mwerali da<br />

esseisti; nobelis premiis laureati literaturis dargSi; antifaSisti;<br />

hainrix manis Zma; klaus da erika manebis mama; avtori<br />

epikuri romanebisa: `budenbrokebi~, `jadosnuri mTa~, `doqtori<br />

faustusi~, `lota vaimarSi~, `iosebi da misi Zmebi~, `rCeuli~...<br />

121. bertold brexti (oigen bertold fridrix brexti, gv. 376)<br />

_ 1898-1956 w.w. germaneli poeti, dramaturgi da reJisori;<br />

Teatris reformatori, Teatr `berlinis ansablis~ damaarsebeli.<br />

avtori msoflioSi cnobili dramatuli nawarmoebebisa:<br />

`baali~, `dafdafebi RameSi~, `samgroSiani opera~, `gamonaklisi<br />

da wesi~, `III raixis SiSi da gaWirveba~, `kavkasiuri carcis wre~,<br />

„antigone~ da sxva.<br />

122. kofi anani (gv. 377) _ daibada 1938 w. ganeli diplomati, gaeros<br />

generaluri mdivani 1997-2006 w.w. nobelis mSvidobis premiis<br />

laureati.<br />

123. boris elcini (gv. 387) _ 1931-2007 w.w. sabWoTa da ruseTis<br />

politikuri da saxelmwifo moRvawe; ruseTis pirveli prezidenti<br />

1991-1999 w.w. ruseTis sazogadoebriv-politikuri da ekonomikuri<br />

mowyobis radikaluri reformatori. akrZala skkp moRvaweoba<br />

da daSala sabWoTa kavSiris umaRlesi sabWo.<br />

124. stefan (stenka) razini (gv. 387) _ 1630-1671 w.w. donel kazakTa<br />

atamani; yirimel TaTarTa winaaRmdeg laSqrobis xelmZRvaneli;<br />

mZarcvelTa didi SeiaraRebuli bandis meTauri; iranis winaaRmdeg<br />

TviTneburi laSqrobis organizatori; ruseTis imperiis<br />

winaaRmdeg kazakTa da glexTa udidesi ajanyebis meTauri (1670-<br />

1671 w.w.); rusuli folkloris usayvarlesi gmiri; sikvdiliT<br />

dasajes moskovSi 1671 wlis 16 ivniss.<br />

125. Jan de la briuieri (gv. 390) _ 1645-1996 w.w. frangi filosofo-<br />

444

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si-moralisti; msoflio saxeli da dideba moutana erTaderTma<br />

nawarmoebma _ „xasiaTebi~.<br />

126. SoTa nadiraSvili (gv. 392) _ daibada 1926 wels; qarTveli filosofosi,<br />

fsiqologi da sazogado moRvawe; saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />

akademiis akademikosi.<br />

127. baCana bregvaZe (gv. 398) _ daibada 1936 wels. gamoCenili qarTveli<br />

mTargmneli da literaturismcodne; Targmnis Zveli<br />

berZnuli, laTinuri, italiuri, franguli da espanuri enebidan.<br />

Targmnili aqvs platonis „nadimi~, „fedoni~, „ioni~, „didi hipia~,<br />

„menoni~, „kritoni~; markus avreliusis „fiqrebi~; dantes „axali<br />

cxovreba“; agreTve fransis, valeris, lorkas, mistralis, la<br />

briuieris Txzulebebi da mravali sxva.<br />

128. herman hese (gv. 403) _ 1877-1962 w.w. germano-Sveicarieli mwerali,<br />

poeti, kritikosi da mxatvari; nobelis premiis laureati;<br />

avtori naSromebisa „peter kamencidi~, „borblebqveS~, „hertruda~,<br />

„kleini da vagneri~ „klingzoris ukanaskneli zafxuli~,<br />

„stepebis mgeli~, „narcisi da goldmundi~, „biseris TamaSi~...<br />

129. fransua rable (gv. 403) _ 1994-1553 w.w. renesansis epoqis frangi<br />

mwerali-humanisti; Tanamedrove literaturuli franguli enis<br />

fuZemdebeli; avtori romanisa „gargantua da pantagriueli~.<br />

130. martin haidegeri (gv. 404) _ 1889-1976 w.w. germaneli filosofosi;<br />

Tanamedrove egzistencializmis fuZemdebeli; germaniis<br />

nacional-socialisturi partiis wevri; avtori naSromebisa:<br />

„dro da yofiereba~, „ra aris filosofia?~ „metafizikis Sesavali~,<br />

„fenomenologiis ZiriTadi problemebi~, „nicSe da sicariele~,<br />

„kanti da metafizikis problema~, „platonis moZRvreba<br />

WeSmaritebis Sesaxeb~...<br />

131. `romelime deputatis piromaniaSi dadanaSaulebas didi ganaTleba<br />

ar sWirdeba~ (gv. 409) _ igulisxmeba saqarTvelos parlamentis<br />

gadawyvetileba (2004 w.), riTac deputat gelaSvils<br />

brali daedo Tbilisis erT-erTi sajaro skolisTvis cecxlis<br />

wakidebis mcdelobaSi da am sababiT Seuwyda uflebamosileba<br />

(piromania _ berZ. cecxlis wakidebisadmi dauZleveli ltolva,<br />

fsiqopatiis gamoxatuleba).<br />

132. `italieli materacisa da frangi zidanis incidenti~ (gv. 417)<br />

_ igulisxmeba incidenti, roca frangi fexburTeli zinedin<br />

zidani msoflio Cempionatis finalur matCis dros italiel<br />

mcvel materacis mZime sityvieri Seuracxyofis gamo fizikurad<br />

gausworda, ris gamoc msajma moednidan gaaZeva.<br />

445

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450

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sarCevi<br />

zeg ar iqneba gvian 3<br />

6<br />

Tavi I<br />

umoklesi gza popularobisken 8<br />

vin aris Jurnalisti? 10<br />

rogor gavxdi Jurnalisti 12<br />

Jurnalistis profesia _ miTi da sinamdvile 16<br />

mwerlebi da Jurnalistebi 22<br />

ratom kiTxuloben gazeTs? 25<br />

Tavi II<br />

yovlismcodne Jurnalistebi 31<br />

rogor movamzadoT sagazeTo statia 31<br />

yovlismcodneoba saSiSi senia 38<br />

Tavi III<br />

statia iwyeba saTauridan 43<br />

saTauri 43<br />

pirveli gverdi 51<br />

lidi 55<br />

rubrika 62<br />

Tavi IV<br />

sagazeTo ena da stili 66<br />

erideT maRalfardovnebas! 73<br />

`rogorc aristotele ambobda~, anu<br />

citirebis xelovneba 82<br />

Tavi V<br />

Zveli da maradiuli problemebi 87<br />

interviu 87<br />

Secdomebi 93<br />

Jurnalistika SekiTxvebis xelovnebaa 95<br />

metoqe, Tu Tanamoazre 96<br />

monologi 100<br />

451

---

dialogi 110<br />

polemika 112<br />

reportaJi 137<br />

ifiqreT, sanam ikiTxavdeT 155<br />

Tavi VI<br />

Jurnalisturi publicistika 157<br />

Canaxati 159<br />

narkvevi 161<br />

statia 163<br />

interviu 169<br />

polemikuri publicistika 171<br />

ironiuli publicistika 179<br />

politikuri publicistika 186<br />

mecnieruli publicistika 203<br />

socialuri publicistika 207<br />

umizno, anu cru publicistika 212<br />

Tavi VII<br />

yovlisSemZle presa 219<br />

droni mefoben 225<br />

xelisufleba da presa 230<br />

Tavi VIII<br />

Jurnalisturi gamoZieba 235<br />

pirveli saqme 235<br />

rogor daviwyoT? 238<br />

modi, gamoviZioT... 244<br />

rogor movamzadoT sagazeTo masala G<br />

gamoZiebis Sedegebze 252<br />

aqlemebis marula 254<br />

Tavi IX<br />

eTika da Jurnalistika 268<br />

Rorebis revolucia 268<br />

avtoritaruli da humanisturi eTika 273<br />

araferia mzis qveS axali 281<br />

452

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Tavi X<br />

samarTali da Jurnalistika 285<br />

ra aris samarTali? 287<br />

Tavi XI<br />

Tavisufleba da Jurnalistika 299<br />

xeibari Tavisufleba 299<br />

Cemi mSvenieri Tavisufleba 303<br />

igiveobaTa jaWvi 306<br />

Cemi neba xalxis nebaa! 310<br />

aRmsareblobis Tavisufleba 311<br />

Jurnalistika WaobSi 314<br />

Tavi XII<br />

politika da Jurnalistika 318<br />

marad cocxali leviaTani 329<br />

Cven gadavTxareT! 336<br />

saqarTvelos rusuli politika da<br />

qarTuli Jurnalistika 341<br />

makiavelis moraliT 349<br />

uweso TamaSebi, anu presa, rogorc politikuri<br />

manipulaciebis instrumenti 368<br />

Zveli axali samyaro 381<br />

gindaT, rom gaqebdnen? 381<br />

Tavi XIII<br />

ena da Jurnalistika 391<br />

damimesijeT Tqveni mxardaWera 393<br />

mecnierebis ena 397<br />

sanam stiqia jebirs gaarRvevdes 412<br />

saocari wigni ara mxolod <strong>Jurnalistikaze</strong> 421<br />

saxelTa saZiebeli 423<br />

SeniSvnebi da ganmartebebi 429<br />

bibliografia 446<br />

sarCevi 451<br />

453

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454