mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da ... - EUGBC

<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong><br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong><br />

<strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

bostneulis eqsportis<br />

sakiTxebi<br />

Tbilisi 2010

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

leT veb-gverdis misamarTze www.delgeo.ec.europa.eu<br />

samarTze www.eugbc.net<br />

<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong><br />

<strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

veb-gverdis mi-<br />

Export of frEsh fruits and VEgEtablEs to EuropEan<br />

union MarkEt froM third CountriEs<br />

avtorebi: konstantine zal<strong>da</strong>staniSvili<br />

TaTia julayiZe<br />

ISBN 978-9941-0-2619-5

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

s a r C e v i<br />

1. Sesavali 3<br />

2. <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis marketinguli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi 5<br />

3. specifikuri marketinguli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi citrusebisTvis 14<br />

4. janmrTelobis <strong>da</strong> fitosanitaruli moTxovnebi mcenareebsa<br />

<strong>da</strong> mcenareul produqtebze 20<br />

5. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> moTxovnebi sursaTis uvneblobasa <strong>da</strong> higienaze 25<br />

<strong>da</strong>narTi 1 <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis marketingul<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobis sertifikatis forma 32<br />

<strong>da</strong>narTi 2 <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis samrewvelo<br />

gamoyenebis sertifikatis forma 33<br />

<strong>da</strong>narTi 3 fitosanitaruli sertifikatis forma 34<br />

<strong>da</strong>narTi 4 mcenaris ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis dokumenti 36<br />

<strong>da</strong>narTi 5 publikaciaSi gamoyenebuli <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

sakanonmdeblo dokumentebi 37<br />

Summary Export of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables from Third Countries to the<br />

European Union Market 38<br />

1

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

2

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

1. Sesavali<br />

<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> 1 <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis 2 <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

<strong>bazarze</strong> importis wesebis umravlesoba harmonizebulia<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevr saxelmwifoebs Soris <strong>da</strong> rogorc <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> bostneulis marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs, aseve sursaTis higienisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> uvneblobis zogad moTxovnebs moicavs. winamdebare publikacia<br />

aRwers aRniSnul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs <strong>da</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> Si<strong>da</strong> bazris im<br />

moTxovnebs, romelTa codnac aucilebelia <strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong>, maT<br />

Soris saqarTvelo<strong>da</strong>n, <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

<strong>bazarze</strong> eqsportirebisTvis.<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sasoflo-sameurneo (maT Soris <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> bostneulis) bazris erTian organizebas, sasoflo-sameurneo<br />

produqtebis warmoebisa <strong>da</strong> marketingis wesebs, specifikur debulebebs<br />

zogierTi sasoflo-sameurneo produqtisTvis, aseve sasoflosameurneo<br />

produqtebiT <strong>mesame</strong> qveynebTan vaWrobis reJimebs <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

sabWos 2007 wlis 22 oqtombris No 1234/2007 regulacia<br />

gansazRvravs.<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos zemoT aRniSnul regulaciaze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT,<br />

evrokomisiam SeimuSava 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulacia,<br />

romelic gansazRvravs konkretulad <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis<br />

zogad <strong>da</strong> specifikur marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs <strong>da</strong> eqsport-importis<br />

procedurebs. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, evrokomisiis es regulacia, <strong>mesame</strong><br />

<strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong><br />

eqsportiorebisTvis erT-erT mTavar saxelmZRvanelo dokuments<br />

warmoadgens.<br />

evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis<br />

Tanaxmad, marketinguli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi moicavs <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis<br />

warmoebisa <strong>da</strong> komercializaciis yvela etaps, importisa <strong>da</strong> eqsportis<br />

CaTvliT. marketinguli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi momxmarebels awvdis<br />

informacias produqtis warmoSobis qveynis, produqtis klasisa <strong>da</strong><br />

saxeobis Sesaxeb. es stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi gansazRvraven produqtis xarisxs,<br />

klasifikacias, zomas, SefuTvas, <strong>da</strong>fasoebas, Senaxvas, transportirebas,<br />

wardgenas <strong>da</strong> etiketirebas. <strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> importirebisas,<br />

1 <strong>mesame</strong> qveynebad iwodebian is saxelmwifoebi, romlebic ar arian <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri<br />

qveynebi, im qveynebis CaTvliT, romlebic evrokavSirTan specialuri politikuri <strong>da</strong><br />

ekonomikuri uerTierTobebiT sargebloben (<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> asocirebuli wevri qveynebi,<br />

evrokavSirTan stabilurobisa <strong>da</strong> asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebiT <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />

qveynebi <strong>da</strong> a.S.)<br />

2 <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, <strong>axali</strong> xili <strong>da</strong> bostneuli miekuTvneba<br />

sakvebis im kategorias, romelic moicavs: axal xils, bostneuls, mwvanils, ylortebs,<br />

sokos <strong>da</strong> agreTve minimalurad <strong>da</strong>muSavebul sakvebad gamzadebul xilsa <strong>da</strong> bostneuls.<br />

minimalurad <strong>da</strong>muSavebaSi igulisxmeba <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis gasufTaveba,<br />

<strong>da</strong>Wra, <strong>da</strong>nawevreba, an <strong>da</strong>qucmaceba maT SefuTvamde.<br />

3

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

produqtis stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisoba <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynebis<br />

Sesabamisi sainspeqcio organoebis mier mowmdeba.<br />

produqtis marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisoba, produqtis<br />

mier <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sazRvris ga<strong>da</strong>kveTisas mowmdeba, <strong>da</strong> masze e.w. Sesabamisobis<br />

sertifikati gaicema. xsenebuli sertifikati aucilebelia,<br />

<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

<strong>bazarze</strong> Sesatanad. <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis marketinguli<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi <strong>da</strong> maTTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebis procedura winamdebare<br />

publikaciis meore TavSia aRwerili. <strong>mesame</strong> TavSi ki mocemulia<br />

specifikuri marketinguli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi citrusebisTvis.<br />

<strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> eqsportisTvis,<br />

marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan erTad, aucilebelia sanitaruli <strong>da</strong><br />

fitosanitaruli moTxovnebis <strong>da</strong>kmayofileba, rac <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, a<strong>da</strong>mianisa <strong>da</strong> mcenareTa janmrTelobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvis kidev erTi garantiaa. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sanitaruli <strong>da</strong><br />

fitosanitaruli moTxovnebi mocemulia <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos<br />

2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtivaSi. aRniSnuli direqtivis<br />

Tanaxmad, <strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> eqsportisas, saWiroa mcenaris janmrTelobis<br />

<strong>da</strong> fitosanitaruli sertifikatis wardgena. sertifikati gacemuli<br />

un<strong>da</strong> iqnas <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis kompetenturi uwyebis mier <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong><br />

a<strong>da</strong>sturebdes, rom saeqsporto sasoflo-sameurneo produqcia ar<br />

Seicavs a<strong>da</strong>mianis janmrTelobisTvis mavne organizmebs <strong>da</strong> ar aris<br />

mcenareuli <strong>da</strong>avadebebis matarebeli. am sakiTxis Sesaxeb informacia<br />

publikaciis meoTxe TavSia mocemuli.<br />

<strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> importisas,<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynebi amowmeben am produqciis Sesabamisobas<br />

sursaTis higienasa <strong>da</strong> sursaTis uvneblobaze <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

iseT moTxovnebTan, rogorebicaa sakvebi <strong>da</strong>namatebis, pesticidebis<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mabinZureblebis arseboba. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynis kanonmdeblobazea<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuli, Tu sad Catardeba amgvari Semowmeba:<br />

sazRvris ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis adgilze, importioris sawyobSi Tu sacalo<br />

vaWrobis qselSi. sursaTis uvneblobis Sesaxeb <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> mTavar<br />

sakanonmdeblo aqts <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWosa <strong>da</strong> evroparlamentis<br />

2002 wlis 28 ianvris No 178/2002 regulacia warmoadgens. am regulaciis<br />

Tanaxmad, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> importirebuli sakvebi “un<strong>da</strong><br />

Seesabamebodes sursaTis Sesaxeb <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> kanonmdeblobis<br />

moTxovnebs an am moTxovnebis eqvivalenturad aRiarebul pirobebs”.<br />

aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> (maT Soris<br />

saqarTvelo<strong>da</strong>n) importirebuli sakvebi un<strong>da</strong> Seesabamebodes<br />

imave stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs, rac <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri saxelmwifoebisTvisaa<br />

<strong>da</strong>wesebuli. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sursaTis uvneblobis zogadi moTxovnebi<br />

aRwerilia publikaciis mexuTe TavSi.<br />

4

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

aRsaniSnavia, rom <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> cxoveluri warmoSobis<br />

produqtebis eqsportisgan gansxvavebiT, <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

bostneulis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> eqsportis wesebi naklebad<br />

mkacria. cxoveluri warmoSobis produqtebis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong><br />

eqsportisTvis, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong>gan eqsportze Tanxmobis miReba <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>mesame</strong> qveynis mewarmis im sawarmoTa siaSi Seyvanaa aucilebeli,<br />

romlebsac aRniSnuli produqciis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> eqsportis<br />

ufleba aqvT. es wesi ar vrceldeba <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong><br />

<strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportiorebze. Tumca, <strong>axali</strong><br />

<strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportiori valdebulia, uzrunvelyos<br />

saqonlis Sesabamisoba <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sursaTis uvneblobis zogad<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan <strong>da</strong> waradginos fitosanitaruli <strong>da</strong> marketingul<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobis sertifikatebi.<br />

2. <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis<br />

marketinguli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi<br />

rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris<br />

No 1221/2008 regulacia gansazRvravs <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis<br />

seqtoris zogad <strong>da</strong> specifikur marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs. aRniSnuli<br />

regulaciis Tanaxmad, <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

<strong>bazarze</strong> realizacia <strong>da</strong>saSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu produqti<br />

saRia, akmayofilebs sabazro xarisxs <strong>da</strong> masze miTiTebulia<br />

warmoSobis qveyana. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri saxelmwifoebis sainspeqcio<br />

organoebi 3 aseve uzrunvelyofen importisTvis gankuTvnili<br />

produqciis zogad marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobis<br />

Semowmebas <strong>da</strong> gascemen Sesabamisobis sertifikats, rac aucilebelia<br />

<strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> Setanisas.<br />

evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis<br />

pirveli <strong>da</strong>narTis nawili A adgens <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis<br />

zogad marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs, rogorebicaa:<br />

1. xarisxis minimaluri moTxovnebi, romlis mixedviTac<br />

produqti un<strong>da</strong> iyos:<br />

o mTeli;<br />

o saRi (gamoiricxeba produqti, romelic lpobis an<br />

gafuWebis stadiaSia <strong>da</strong> moxmarebisTvis uvargisia);<br />

o sufTa (yovelgvari SesamCnevi ucxo nivTierebis<br />

3 sainspeqcio organo(ebi) - <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri TiToeuli qveynis mier gansazRvruli<br />

sainspeqcio organo(ebi), romelic pasuximgebelia <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis<br />

marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebaze, produqciis Tavisufal mimoqcevaSi<br />

gaSvebamde.<br />

5

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

6<br />

gareSe);<br />

o mavneblebis gareSe;<br />

o mavneblebis mier gamowveuli <strong>da</strong>zianebis gareSe;<br />

o uCveulo garegani sinotivis gareSe;<br />

o yovelgvari ucxo sunis an gemos gareSe;<br />

o iseT mdgomareobaSi, rom gauZlos trasportirebas<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis adgilamde miaRwios<br />

<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebel mdgomareobaSi;<br />

2. simwifis minimaluri moTxovnebi, romlis mixedviTac<br />

produqti un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>da</strong>makmayofileblad mwife. produqtis<br />

simwifis xarisxi imgvari un<strong>da</strong> iyos, rom produqtma<br />

gaagrZelos <strong>da</strong>mwifeba <strong>da</strong> simwifis <strong>da</strong>makmayofilebel dones<br />

miaRwios;<br />

3. am moTxovnebi<strong>da</strong>n ga<strong>da</strong>cdoma, romlis mixedviTac<br />

eqsportirebuli produqciis TiToeul lotSi <strong>da</strong>saSvebia<br />

produqtis mTeli raodenobis mxolod 10% iseTi<br />

produqtebis arseboba, romlebic ar akmayofilebs xarisxis<br />

minimalur moTxovnebs. xsenebuli ar vrceldeba produqtze,<br />

romlebic lpobis stadiaSia, an gafuWebulia im doneze, rom<br />

moxmarebisTvis uvargisia;<br />

4. produqtis warmoSobis qveynis aRniSvnis moTxovna, romlis<br />

Tanaxmad produqtze garkveviT <strong>da</strong> srulad un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />

aRniSnuli produqtis warmoSobis qveyana. warmoSobis<br />

qveyana, produqtis <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis qveynis momxareblisTvis<br />

gasageb enaze un<strong>da</strong> iyos miTiTebuli.<br />

evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis<br />

Tanaxmad, <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis zogierTi saxeoba Tavisufalia<br />

zogadi marketinguli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis moTxovnisgan. esenia:<br />

• sokoebi, gar<strong>da</strong> kultivirebuli sokosi (CN 4 code 0709 59)<br />

• kapari (CN code 0709 90 40)<br />

• mware nuSi (CN code 0802 11 10)<br />

• naWuWiani nuSi (CN code 0802 12)<br />

• naWuWiani Txili (CN code 0802 22)<br />

• naWuWiani kakali (CN code 0802 32)<br />

• miwis Txili (CN code 0802 90 50)<br />

• zafrana (CN code 0910 20)<br />

evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis<br />

4 CN – kombinirebuli nomenklatura - <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> saimporto tarifis erTiani<br />

statistikuri <strong>da</strong> satarifo nomenklatura. <strong>da</strong>matebiTi informaciisTvis ixileT evrokavSiri-saqarTvelos<br />

biznes sabWos 2008 wlis broSura “<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong><br />

importirebuli saqonlis <strong>da</strong>begvris Taviseburebani” www.eugbc.net.

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

mixedviT, specifikuri marketinguli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi miesa<strong>da</strong>geba Semdeg<br />

produqtebs <strong>da</strong> individualuria TiToeuli maTganisTvis:<br />

1. vaSli 6. msxali<br />

2. citrusebi 7. marwyvi<br />

3. kivi 8. tkbili wiwaka<br />

4. salaTa 9. sufris yurZeni<br />

5. atami <strong>da</strong> neqtarini 10. pomidori<br />

<strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis zemoT CamoTvlili aT saxeobas, aseve<br />

miesa<strong>da</strong>geba SefuTvisa <strong>da</strong> etiketze aRniSvnebis specialuri<br />

wesebic. specifikuri marketinguli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi TviToeuli zemoT<br />

CamoTvlili produqtisTvis mocemulia evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5<br />

dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis pirveli <strong>da</strong>narTis B nawilSi.<br />

winamdebare publikaciis momdevno TavSi, magaliTis saxiT, aRwerilia<br />

specifikuri marketinguli stana<strong>da</strong>rtebi citrusebisTvis.<br />

specifikuri marketinguli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis mixedviT, produqti<br />

un<strong>da</strong> akmayofilebdes xarisxis minimalur moTxovnebs, produqtis<br />

zomis specialur moTxovnebs <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong> iyos erTgvarovani. gar<strong>da</strong><br />

amisa, TiToeuli produqti, romelic specifikuri marketinguli<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis moTxovnebs eqvemdebareba, sami gansxvavebuli xarisxis<br />

klasad iyofa:<br />

• eqstra klass miekuTvneba umaRlesi xarisxis produqti,<br />

romelic garegnulad erTgvarovania, mxolod odnavi<br />

ze<strong>da</strong>piruli defeqtebiT;<br />

• pirveli klasis produqti aris kargi xarisxis, mxolod<br />

mcire defeqtebiT;<br />

• meore klasis produqti normaluri xarisxis produqtia,<br />

romelsac SeiZleba gaaCndes erTi an ramdenime defeqti.<br />

yvela saxis <strong>axali</strong> xili <strong>da</strong> bostneuli, romelsac ar miesa<strong>da</strong>geba<br />

specifikuri marketinguli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi, un<strong>da</strong> akmayofilebdes<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> kanonmdeblobiT <strong>da</strong>dgenil zogad marketingul<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs. Tu produqtis realizators SeuZlia <strong>da</strong>amtkicos, rom<br />

produqti Seesabameba gaeros evropis ekonomikuri komisiis (UNECE) 5<br />

mier <strong>da</strong>dgenil marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs, un<strong>da</strong> CaiTvalos, rom igi<br />

akmayofilebs zogad marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs.<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> moxvedramde, un<strong>da</strong> moxdes marketingul<br />

5 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) – gaeros erT-erTi regionuli<br />

komisiaa, romelic aerTianebs <strong>evrokavSiris</strong>, aRmosavleT <strong>da</strong> samxreT evropis, dsT-s<br />

<strong>da</strong> CrdiloeT amerikis 56 qveyanas saqarTvelos CaTvliT. mdgradi ganviTarebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

ekonomikuri keTildReobis xelSewyobis mizniT, UNECE wevri qveynebi TanamSromloben<br />

ekonomikur sakiTxebSi <strong>da</strong> SeimuSeveben saerTaSoriso normebs, stan<strong>da</strong>rtebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebs, maT Soris <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis seqtorisTvis.<br />

7

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan <strong>mesame</strong> qveynebSi warmoebuli <strong>axali</strong> xili <strong>da</strong><br />

bostneulis marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmeba.<br />

amgvari Semowmeba SeiZleba moxdes:<br />

• saeqsporto produqciis mier <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sazRvris<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis adgilze,<br />

• <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynebis sabaJo sawyobebSi, an<br />

• saeqsporto produqciis warmoSobis (<strong>mesame</strong>) qveyanaSi.<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sazRvris ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis adgilze <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

bostneulis marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebas<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynis sainpeqciis organo axorcielebs. amgvari<br />

Semowmeba un<strong>da</strong> moxdes SerCeviT, riskebis Sefasebis safuZvelze.<br />

riskebis Sefasebis kriteriumebia:<br />

• <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis kompetenturi sainspeqcio organos mier<br />

gacemuli iseTi Sesabamisobis sertifikatis arseboba,<br />

romelis eqsportis ganxorcielebamde gacemac, <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis<br />

moTxovnis safuZvelze, evrokomisiis mier aris neba<strong>da</strong>rTuli;<br />

• produqtis saxeoba, produqtis warmoebis periodi, produqtis<br />

fasi, SefuTvis <strong>da</strong> CatvirTvis operaciebi, Senaxvis pirobebi,<br />

warmoSobis qveyana, transportirebis saSualeba an tvirTis<br />

moculoba;<br />

• eqsportioris pozicia <strong>da</strong> reputacia <strong>bazarze</strong>, misi produqciis<br />

mravalferovneba, saqonlis warmoSobis adgili an Senaxvis,<br />

<strong>da</strong>xarisxebis an gayidvisas Catarebuli samuSaoebi;<br />

• wina Semowmebis Sedegebi <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> eqsportisas,<br />

aRmoCenili defeqtebis tipi <strong>da</strong> raodenoba, mowodebuli<br />

produqciis xarisxi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebuli teqnikuri aRWurvilobis<br />

done.<br />

<strong>mesame</strong> qveynis eqsportiorma un<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinos, rom<br />

Sesabamisobis Semowmebis aseT gzas, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> SezRuduli<br />

sainspeqcio resursebis gamo, Tan axlavs saeqsporto produqciis<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sazRvris ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis punqtebSi <strong>da</strong>yovnebis <strong>da</strong><br />

Sesabamisad misi xarisxis <strong>da</strong>kargvis riski.<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynis sainspeqcio organo, evrokavSirSi<br />

importis punqtSi <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis marketingul<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamosobis <strong>da</strong>dgenis SemTxvevaSi gascems<br />

Sesabamisobis sertifikats, romlis formac mocemulia <strong>da</strong>narTSi<br />

#1. saimporto produqciis ramodenime lotis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba<br />

gaices erTi Sesabamisobis sertifikati, romelSic mkafio<strong>da</strong>a<br />

miTiTebuli saimporto produqciis Sesabamisi lotebi.<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynis sazRvris ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis adgilze inspeqciis<br />

gavlis Semdeg, sabaJo samsaxuri <strong>axali</strong> xilsa <strong>da</strong> bost-<br />

8

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

neuls gaatarebs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu tvirTs axlavs Sesabamisobis<br />

sertifikati an is sainspeqcio organosgan informirebulia,<br />

rom mocemul tvirTs aseTi sertifikati miniWebuli aqvs.<br />

SesaZloa <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynis sainspeqcio organom CaTvalos,<br />

rom ar arsebobs produqciis marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Seusabamobis<br />

riski <strong>da</strong> produqciis Sesabamisi lotebi ar Seamowmos. aseT<br />

SemTxvevaSi, sainspeqcio organo sabaJo samsaxurs ugzavnis beWed<strong>da</strong>smul<br />

deklaracias an xsenebulis Sesaxeb acnobebs sxva formiT,<br />

ris safuZvelzec sabaJo samsaxurs SeuZlia gaataros produqciis<br />

Sesabamisi lotebi.<br />

<strong>mesame</strong> qveyni<strong>da</strong>n <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> importirebuli <strong>axali</strong><br />

<strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Seusabamobis<br />

aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynis makoordinirebeli<br />

samsaxuri amis Sesaxeb acnobebs evrokomisias <strong>da</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

wevri sxva qveynebis makoordinirebel samsaxurebs, romlebic am<br />

informacias sakuTari qveynis masStabiT avrceleben.<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynebis sabaJo sawyobebSi <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

bostneulis marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmeba<br />

mxolod maSinaa SesaZlebeli Tu saqonlis evropel importiors<br />

Sesabamisi ufleba gaaCnia.<br />

Sesabamisobis Semowmebis aseTi gza, rasakvirvelia, gamoricxavs<br />

saqonlis Seyovnebas <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sazRvris ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis punqtebSi,<br />

Tumca <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis eqsportiorebs, Sesabamisi uflebis mqone<br />

evropel importiorebTan molaparakebebisas nakleb “Tavisuflebas”<br />

utovebs.<br />

saeqsporto produqciis warmoSobis (<strong>mesame</strong>) qveyanaSi <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

bostneulis marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebis<br />

uflebas <strong>mesame</strong> qveyanas evrokomisia aZlevs. AamisaTvis <strong>mesame</strong><br />

qveyanam TxovniT un<strong>da</strong> mimarTos evrokomisias. Sesabamis nebarTvas<br />

evrokomisia gascems im SemTxvevaSi, Tu <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> bazrisTvis<br />

gankuTvnili <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis saeqsporto produqcia akmayofilebs<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> marketingul an mis analogiur stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs <strong>da</strong> Tu<br />

evrokavSirs Sesabamis <strong>mesame</strong> qveyanasTan vaWrobis kargi gamocdileba<br />

gaaCnia.<br />

eqsportis ganxorcielebamde, warmoSobis qveyanaSi <strong>axali</strong><br />

<strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobis<br />

Semowmebas is upiratesoba gaaCnia, rom minimumamdea <strong>da</strong>yvanili<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sazRvris ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis punqtebSi saqonlis Seyovnebis<br />

riski <strong>da</strong> <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis eqsportiorebi ufro Tavisuflebi arian<br />

evropeli importiorebis SerCevisa <strong>da</strong> maTTan molaparakebebisas.<br />

<strong>mesame</strong> qveynisTvis, mis teritoriaze <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis<br />

9

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebaze Tanxmobis<br />

micemis SemTxvevaSi, evrokomisia adgens <strong>mesame</strong> qveyanis oficialur<br />

samsaxurs, romelic pasuximgebelobas aiRebs marketingul<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebasa <strong>da</strong> xsenebul sakiTxTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT evrokavSirTan kontaqtzec, aseve <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis<br />

sainspeqcio organoebs, romlebic uSualod ganaxorcieleben<br />

Sesabamisobis Semowmebas. Tanxmoba gaicema mxolod Sesabamis <strong>mesame</strong><br />

qveyanaSi warmoSobil produqciaze <strong>da</strong> SeiZleba vrceldebodes<br />

mxolod garkveuli saxeobis produqtebze.<br />

<strong>mesame</strong> qveynis sainspeqcio organoebi un<strong>da</strong> iyvnen saxelmwifo<br />

struqturebi an oficialurad aRiarebuli saxelmwifo struqturebis<br />

mier. maT un<strong>da</strong> gaaCndes marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobis<br />

Sesamowmeblad aucilebeli gamocdileba, kadrebi <strong>da</strong> teqnikuri<br />

saSualebebi. im qveyanaTa nusxa, romlebsac evrokomisii<strong>da</strong>n<br />

miRebuli aqvT maT teritoriaze marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobis<br />

Semowmebis Tanxmoba, evrokomisiis 2007 wlis 21 dekembris<br />

No 1580/2007 regulaciis me-4 <strong>da</strong>narTis A nawilSia moyvanili, xolo<br />

amave regulaciis me-4 <strong>da</strong>narTis B nawilSi mocemulia informacia<br />

am <strong>mesame</strong> qveynebis pasuxismgebel oficialur samsaxursa <strong>da</strong> sainspeqcio<br />

organoebis Sesaxeb. sagulisxmoa, rom saqarTvelo ar aris<br />

im <strong>mesame</strong> qveyanaTa CamonaTvalSi, romlebsac evrokomisii<strong>da</strong>n miRebuli<br />

aqvT maT teritoriaze marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobis<br />

Semowmebis Tanxmoba.<br />

<strong>mesame</strong> qveynis sainspeqcio organoebma. Sesabamisobis Semowmebis<br />

Sedegad un<strong>da</strong> gascen <strong>da</strong>narTSi #1-Si mocemuli <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> bostneulis marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobis sertifikati,<br />

an sxva formis sertifikati, romelic winaswar aris<br />

SeTanxmebuli <strong>mesame</strong> qveyanasa <strong>da</strong> evrokavSirs Soris. saeqsporto<br />

produqciis ramodenime lotis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gaices erTi<br />

Sesabamisobis sertifikati, romelSic mkafio<strong>da</strong>a miTiTebuli saimporto<br />

produqciis Sesabamisi lotebi. Sesabamisobis sertifikati<br />

Sevsebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> erT-erT oficialur enaze. sertifikatze<br />

aRiniSneba eqsportioris saxeli, sainspeqcio organo,<br />

inspeqciis adgili, tvirTis <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis qveyana an regioni, tvir-<br />

Tis transportirebis saSualeba, SefuTvebis raodenoba, produqtis<br />

tipi, saxeoba, klasi, tvirTis mTliani wona, sertifikatis moqmedebis<br />

va<strong>da</strong>, Semowmebis adgili <strong>da</strong> TariRi, inspeqtoris xelmowera.<br />

Sesabamisobis sertifikatze aRniSnuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos sityva<br />

“originali”. <strong>da</strong>matebiTi aslebis saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, miTiTebuli<br />

un<strong>da</strong> iyos “asli”. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveyana sertifikatis<br />

mxolod originals cnobs. sertifikati un<strong>da</strong> iyos 210 x 297 mm.<br />

zomis. <strong>da</strong>saSvebia sertifikatis sigrZis ga<strong>da</strong>cdoma - 8 mm-iT meti<br />

an 5 mm-iT naklebi. sertifikatisTvis gamoiyeneba mxolod TeTri<br />

10

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

qaRaldi, romlis wonac ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos 40 g/m²-ze mcire. <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia<br />

sertifikatSi teqstis amoSla an masze zemo<strong>da</strong>n <strong>axali</strong> teqstis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wera. Casworebis aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi araswori teqsti<br />

un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>ixazos <strong>da</strong> mis nacvlad un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ematos swori teqsti.<br />

nebismieri aseTi Casworeba sertifikatSi <strong>da</strong>mowmebuli un<strong>da</strong> iqnas<br />

sertifikatis gamcemi organos mier. TiToeul sertifikats un<strong>da</strong><br />

hqondes rigiTi nomeri, masze un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>da</strong>smuli kompetenturi<br />

organos beWedi <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong> iyos xelmowerili uflebamosili piris<br />

(pirebis) mier. sertifikatis gamcemma kompetenturma organom un<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>itovos sertifikatis asli.<br />

Sesabamisobis sertifikati SeiZleba aseve gacemuli iqnas<br />

winaswar <strong>da</strong>mtkicebul eleqtronul formatSi, eleqtronuli<br />

xelmoweriT.<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynebi, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sazRvris ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis<br />

adgilze <strong>da</strong>matebiT amowmeben <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> Sesatanad<br />

gankuTvnili <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis garkveul nawils, raTa<br />

<strong>mesame</strong> qveynis sainspeqcio organoebis mier gacemul Sesabamisobis<br />

sertifikatSi mocemuli informaciis sisworeSi <strong>da</strong>rwmundnen.<br />

<strong>da</strong>matebiTi SemowmebisTvis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevr qveynebs mosakreblis<br />

<strong>da</strong>wesebis uflebac aqvT.<br />

sertifikatSi mocemuli informaciis saeqsporto produqciasTan<br />

Seusabamobis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynis<br />

sainspeqcio organo Sesabamisi makoordinirebeli samsaxuris 6<br />

informirebas axdens. es samsaxuri ki, Tavis mxriv, informacias<br />

evrokomisias miawvdis.<br />

Tu gaC<strong>da</strong> eWvi, <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis sainspeqcio organoebis mier gacemul<br />

Sesabamisobis sertifikatis auTenturobasTan an masSi mocemuli<br />

informaciis sisworesTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri<br />

qveynis kompetentur samsaxurs ufleba aqvs, saeWvo sertifikatis<br />

Semdgomi (<strong>da</strong>matebiTi) Semowmeba moiTxovos. aseT SemTxvevaSi<br />

sertifikati an misi asli <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis Sesabamis uwyebaSi<br />

igzavneba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>matebiTi informacia gamoiTxoveba. evrokomisia<br />

SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvarad operatiulad un<strong>da</strong> iqnas informirebuli<br />

Sesabamisobis sertifikatis Semdgomi Semowmebis moTxovnis <strong>da</strong> am<br />

Semowmebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb.<br />

Sesabamisobis sertifikatis Semdgomi Semowmebis moTxovnis<br />

SemTxvevaSi, Sesabamisi produqciis importiors ufleba aqvs <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

wevri qveynis kompetentur sainspeqcio organoebs<br />

6 <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri TiToeuli qveynis mier gansazRvrulia erTi kompetenturi samsaxuri,<br />

romelic koordinacias uwevs <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis marketingul<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebas <strong>da</strong> am sakiTxTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli informaciis<br />

miwodebas evrokomisiisTvis (magaliTad, gaerTianebul samefoSi – sursaTis<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis saagento). makoordinirebeli samsaxuri SeiZleba iyos aseve sainspeqcio<br />

organo.<br />

11

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

Txovos saimporto produqciis marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobis<br />

Semowmeba <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sazRvris ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis adgilze.<br />

saeqsporto produqciis <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis qveyanaSi Setanis nebarTva<br />

ar gaiscema, Tu aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, rom tvirTis didi nawili ar Seesabameba<br />

Sesabamisobis sertifikatSi miTiTebul informacias, an <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

wevri qveynis kompetenturi samsaxuri <strong>mesame</strong> qveyni<strong>da</strong>n ver miiRebs<br />

<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebel pasuxs Sesabamisobis sertifikatis Semdgom<br />

SemowmebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi, produqcia SeiZleba<br />

gatanili iqnas <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> farglebs gareT, SeiZleba ganadgurdes<br />

sabaJo samsaxuris TanxmobiT, an eqsportioris mier SeiZleba<br />

miRebuli iqnas ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba produqciis mTliani moculobis an<br />

misi nawilis marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis<br />

Sesaxeb. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> SesabamisobaSi moyvanili produqciis<br />

Sesatanad, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynis sainspeqcio organoebma<br />

Tavi<strong>da</strong>n un<strong>da</strong> Caataron Semowmeba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>debiTi rezultatis<br />

miRebis SemTxvevaSi gascen Sesabamisobis sertifikati.…bunebrivia,<br />

zemoxsenebuli procedurebis xarjebs Tavis Tavze eqsportiori<br />

iRebs.<br />

<strong>mesame</strong> qveynis Sesabamisma pasuxismgebelma samsaxurma<br />

evrokomisias droulad un<strong>da</strong> miawodos informacia im beWdebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

xelmowerebis, aseve maTSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Sesaxeb,<br />

romlebsac <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis sainspeqcio organoebi Sesabamisobis<br />

sertifikatis gacemisas gamoiyeneben. <strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> miRebul<br />

informacias evrokomisia <strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv ugzavnis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

wevri qveynebis makoordinirebel struqturebs, romlebic Tavis<br />

mxriv, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> Sesabamisi wevri qveynebis sabaJo samsaxurebs<br />

ayeneben saqmis kursSi.<br />

evrokomisias SeuZlia gaauqmos <strong>mesame</strong> qveynisTvis, mis teritoriaze<br />

<strong>axali</strong> xilis <strong>da</strong> bostneulis marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan<br />

Sesabamisobis Semowmebaze micemuli Tanxmoba Tu aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

saeqsporto produqciis mniSvnelovani nawili ar Seesabameba <strong>mesame</strong><br />

qveynis sainspeqcio organoebis mier gacemul Sesabamisobis sertifikatSi<br />

asaxul parametrebs, an Tu <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis pasuxismgebeli<br />

samsaxuri<strong>da</strong>n ver iqna miRebuli <strong>da</strong>makmayofilebeli reagireba<br />

evrokomisii<strong>da</strong>n gagzavnil moTxovnaze, serTifikatis Semdgom SemowmebasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT.<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynebis makoordinirebelma samsaxurebma<br />

yovelkvartalurad un<strong>da</strong> miawodos evrokomisias, Sesabamisi <strong>mesame</strong><br />

qveynebis <strong>da</strong> am <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> importirebuli produqciis Sesaxeb<br />

iseTi informacia, rogoricaa:<br />

• importis mTliani moculoba;<br />

• <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sazRvris ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis adgilze Semowmebuli<br />

12

---

<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

produqciis raodenoba;<br />

• im produqciis raodenoba, romelic ar Seesabamebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>mesame</strong><br />

qveynis sainspeqcio organoebis mier gacemul Sesabamisobis<br />

sertifikatis monacemebs.<br />

Semdgomi ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebis mizniT, <strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> bostneulis evrokavSirSi eqsportisas, kompetenturma sainspeqcio<br />

organoebma un<strong>da</strong> gascen samrewvelo gamoyenebis sertifikati<br />

(ix, <strong>da</strong>narTi No 2). aseT SemTxvevaSi produqciis SefuTvaze aucileblad<br />

un<strong>da</strong> iyos etiketi, romelzec mkafiod iqneba miTiTebuli: “gamiznulia<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebisTvis”. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynis sainspeqcio<br />

organo samrewvelo gamoyenebis sertifikatis asls ugzavnis Sesabamis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>mamuSavebel sawarmos, romelmac sainspeqcio organos un<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>u<strong>da</strong>sturos <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebis procesi.<br />

evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis <strong>da</strong>narTi<br />

No 1-is B nawili adgens <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis SefuTvis wesebs, romlebzec<br />

specifikuri marketinguli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi vrceldeba <strong>da</strong> romelTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>cva aucilebelia produqtis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> eqsportisTvis.<br />

<strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis SefuTvis wesebis mixedviT:<br />

• produqtis TiToeuli SefuTva un<strong>da</strong> iyos gamZle;<br />

• SesafuTad gamoyenebuli masala un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>axali</strong>, sufTa <strong>da</strong><br />

iseTi xarisxis, rac ar <strong>da</strong>azianebs produqts;<br />

• SefuTvaze Sesabamisi aRniSvnebis <strong>da</strong>satanad <strong>da</strong>saSvebia<br />

etiketis an beWdis gamoyeneba;<br />

• etiketi <strong>da</strong> beWedi un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli aratoqsikuri<br />

melnisa <strong>da</strong> webosgan;<br />

• SefuTva <strong>da</strong>culi un<strong>da</strong> iyos ucxo nivTierebebisgan;<br />

• produqtze miwebebuli individualuri stikerebi ar<br />

un<strong>da</strong> tovebdes webos kvals <strong>da</strong> ar un<strong>da</strong> azianebdes kvebis<br />

produqtis ze<strong>da</strong>pirs.<br />

specifikuri marketinguli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis mixedviT, TiToeul<br />

SefuTvaze garkveviT, mouSorebeli SriftiT un<strong>da</strong> iyos aRniSnuli<br />

Semdegi informacia:<br />

• eqsportioris saxeli <strong>da</strong> misamarTi, rac SeiZleba koduri<br />

aRniSvniT (Strix-kodiT) Seicvalos;<br />

• produqtis saxeli, nairsaxeoba;<br />

• warmoSobis qveyana;<br />

• produqtis klasi <strong>da</strong> zoma (ix. Semdeg TavSi);<br />

• kontrolis oficialuri aRniSvna (arasavaldebuloa);<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebisTvis gankuTvnili <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis tvirTze<br />

miTiTebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos “gankuTvnilia ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebisTvis”. aseT<br />

tvirTs <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveyana aTavisuflebs specifikuri<br />

13

---

<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

marketinguli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis <strong>da</strong>cvis MmoTxovnisgan.<br />

5 kg-ze naklebi wonis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxeobis (Sereuli) <strong>xilisa</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> bostneulis SefuTva, un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes erTgvarovani xarisxis<br />

produqtebs. aseT SefuTvaSi Semavali TiToeuli <strong>da</strong>saxelebis<br />

produqti un<strong>da</strong> akmayofilebdes Sesabamis marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs.<br />

SefuTvas un<strong>da</strong> axldes saTanado etiketi. Tu SefuTvaSi Semavali<br />

produqtebis warmoSobis qveyana erTze metia es miTiTebuli un<strong>da</strong><br />

iyos etiketze Semdegnairad:<br />

a) “evrokavSirSi warmoSobili <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis narevi<br />

” an<br />

b) “<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> teritoriis gareT warmoSobili <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

bostneulis narevi” an<br />

g) “<strong>evrokavSiris</strong>a <strong>da</strong> <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis teritoriaze warmoSobili<br />

<strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis narevi”.<br />

14<br />

3. specifikuri marketinguli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi<br />

citrusebisTvis<br />

specifikuri marketinguli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi, winamdebare publikaciaSi,<br />

citrusebis magaliTze iqneba ganxiluli. specifikuri marketinguli<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi citrusebisTvis evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris<br />

No 1221/2008 regulaciis <strong>da</strong>narTi No 1-is B nawilSia mocemulia. es<br />

stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi exeba citruss, romelic naturaluri (ga<strong>da</strong>umuSavebeli)<br />

saxiT miewodeba momxmarebels. citrusebs miekuTvneba:<br />

• sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxeobis limoni,<br />

• sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxeobis man<strong>da</strong>rini, maT Soris klementini,<br />

man<strong>da</strong>rini unSiu <strong>da</strong> sxva,<br />

• sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxeobis forToxali.<br />

specifikuri marketinguli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi yvela saxis citrusisTvis<br />

Semdeg kategoriebad iyofa:<br />

1. xarisxis minimaluri moTxovnebi, romlis mixedviT yvela<br />

klasis citrusi un<strong>da</strong> iyos:<br />

• mTeli;<br />

• <strong>da</strong>uJeJavi;<br />

• saRi (gamoiricxeba produqti, romelic lpobis an<br />

gafuWebis stadiaSia <strong>da</strong> moxmarebisTvis uvargisia);<br />

• sufTa (yovelgvari SesamCnevi ucxo nivTierebis gareSe);<br />

• mavneblebis gareSe;

---

<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

• mavneblebis mier gamowveuli <strong>da</strong>zianebis gareSe;<br />

• ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos gamomSrali;<br />

• yinvis an <strong>da</strong>bali temperaturisgan <strong>da</strong>uzianebeli;<br />

• uCveulo garegani sinotivis gareSe;<br />

• yovelgvari ucxo sunis an gemos gareSe;<br />

• citrusi frTxilad un<strong>da</strong> iyos mokrefili <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong><br />

iyos <strong>da</strong>makmayofileblad mwife, citrusis saxeobebis<br />

calkeuli kriteriumebis, mokrefis droisa <strong>da</strong> citrusis<br />

moyvanis adgilis gaTvaliswinebiT;<br />

• citrusis simwifis xarisxi iseTi un<strong>da</strong> iyos, rom<br />

transportirebas gauZlos <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis adgilamde<br />

<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebel mdgomareobaSi miaRwios;<br />

2. simwifis moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, citrusis simwifis xarisxi<br />

ganisazRvreba TiToeuli saxeobisTvis <strong>da</strong>wesebuli Semdegi<br />

parametrebiT:<br />

• minimaluri wvnianoba <strong>da</strong><br />

• Seferiloba, romlis mixedviTac citrusma, normaluri<br />

<strong>da</strong>mwifebis pirobebSi, saxeobisTvis tipuri feri tvirTis<br />

<strong>da</strong>niSnulebis adgilze miiRos.<br />

limoni - minimaluri wvnianoba pirveli <strong>da</strong> bolo mosavlisTvis<br />

(verdelisa <strong>da</strong> primofioresTvis) 20%-ia, <strong>da</strong>narCeni mosavlebisTvis<br />

ki 25% un<strong>da</strong> iyos. limonis Seferiloba un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />

saxeobisTvis tipuri, Tumca <strong>da</strong>saSvebia mwvane feris (ara muqi<br />

mwvane) limonic, Tu is akmayofilebs wvnianobis moTxovnebs.<br />

man<strong>da</strong>rini – minimaluri wvnianoba man<strong>da</strong>rinisTvis gar<strong>da</strong><br />

klementinisa - 33%-ia, xolo klementinisTvis 40% un<strong>da</strong> iyos.<br />

man<strong>da</strong>rinis ze<strong>da</strong>piris sul mcire erTi <strong>mesame</strong>di un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />

Seferili saxeobisTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli feriT.<br />

forToxali - wvnianoba wiTelxorciani forToxlisTvis -<br />

30%-ia, navelis jgufis forToxlisTvis - 33%, xolo sxva<br />

saxeobis forToxlisTvis - 35% un<strong>da</strong> iyos. Seferiloba saxeobisTvis<br />

tipuri un<strong>da</strong> iyos. <strong>da</strong>saSvebia Ria mwvane feris<br />

forToxalic, Tu Ria mwvane Seferiloba citrusis ze<strong>da</strong>piris<br />

erT mexuTeds ar aRemateba. amave dros, Tu forToxali moyvanilia<br />

iseT adgilebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c haeris maRali temperatura<br />

<strong>da</strong> tenianobaa, <strong>da</strong>saSvebia, rom mwvane Seferiloba citrusis<br />

ze<strong>da</strong>piris erT mexuTeds aRematebodes, Tu is akmayofilebs<br />

wvnianobis Semdgom minimalur mnoTxovnebs:<br />

• mosambi, saTgudi <strong>da</strong> pacitani saxeobebisaTvis - 33%;<br />

• yvela sxva saxeobebisaTvis - 45%.<br />

15

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

16<br />

3. klasifikaciis mixedviT citrusebi iyofa sam klasad:<br />

• “eqstra klass” miekuTvneba umaRlesi xarisxis produqti.<br />

am klasis citrusis forma, garegnuli saxe, simwife<br />

<strong>da</strong> Seferiloba un<strong>da</strong> iyos tipuri citrusis konkretuli<br />

saxeobisa <strong>da</strong> komerciuli kategoriisTvis. citruss, romelic<br />

eqstra klass miekuTvneba, ar un<strong>da</strong> hqondes defeqtebi.<br />

<strong>da</strong>saSvebia mxolod odnavi ze<strong>da</strong>piruli defeqtebis<br />

arseboba, Tu isini garegnulad TiTqmis SeumCnevelia <strong>da</strong><br />

produqtis xarisxze gavlenas ar axdens;<br />

• “pirveli klasis” citrusi aris kargi xarisxis produqti,<br />

romelic tipuria citrusis konkretuli saxeobisa <strong>da</strong><br />

komerciuli kategoriisTvis. <strong>da</strong>saSvebia, mxolod mcire saxis<br />

defeqtebis arseboba, Tu es produqtis garegnul saxeze <strong>da</strong><br />

xarisxze gavlenas ar axdens. amgvari defeqtebia:<br />

o formis mcire defeqti;<br />

o Seferilobis mcire wuni;<br />

o produqtis kanis mcire defeqtebi, romlebic produqtis<br />

zrdis process sdevs Tan, magaliTad nawiburebi;<br />

o mcire <strong>da</strong>JeJiloba, rac gamowveulia setyvisgan,<br />

SefuTvisgan <strong>da</strong> a.S.;<br />

• “meore klasis” produqti normaluri xarisxis produqtia,<br />

romelsac ver mivakuTvnebT citrusis ufro maRal<br />

klass, magram zemoT moyvanil minimalur moTxovnebs<br />

akmayofilebs. am klasis citruss SeiZleba hqondes<br />

garkveuli defeqtebi, kerZod:<br />

o formis defeqti;<br />

o Seferilobis wuni;<br />

o uxeSi kani;<br />

o produqtis kanis defeqtebi, romlebic produqtis<br />

zrdis process axlavs, magaliTad nawiburebi;<br />

o <strong>da</strong>JeJiloba, gamowveuli setyvisgan, SefuTvisgan <strong>da</strong><br />

a.S.<br />

o kanis ze<strong>da</strong>piruli <strong>da</strong>zianebebi;<br />

o forToxlis perikarpis odnavi <strong>da</strong>Soreba.<br />

4. zomis minimaluri moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, citrusis minimaluri<br />

diametri un<strong>da</strong> iyos:<br />

• limonisTvis – 45 mm.;<br />

• man<strong>da</strong>rinisTvis, gar<strong>da</strong> klementinisa – 45 mm.;<br />

• klementinisTvis – 35 mm.;<br />

• forToxlisTvis – 53 mm..<br />

5. zomis erTgvarovnebis moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, SefuTvaSi

---

<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

moTavsebuli citrusi Tanabari zomis un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>da</strong> zomaTa<br />

qvemoT mocemuli gra<strong>da</strong>ciis farglebSi un<strong>da</strong> eqceodes:<br />

forToxali limoni man<strong>da</strong>rini<br />

zomis<br />

kodi<br />

diametri<br />

(mm)<br />

zomis<br />

kodi<br />

diametri<br />

(mm)<br />

zomis<br />

kodi<br />

0 92-110 0 79-90 1-XXX<br />

diametri<br />

(mm)<br />

78 <strong>da</strong><br />

meti<br />

1 87-100 1 72-83 1-XX 67-78<br />

2 84-96 2 68-78 1 an 1-X 63-74<br />

3 81-92 3 63-72 2 58-69<br />

4 77-88 4 58-67 3 54-64<br />

5 73-84 5 53-62 4 50-60<br />

6 70-80 6 48-57 5 46-56<br />

7 67-76 7 45-52 6 (*) 43-52<br />

8 64-73 7 41-48<br />

9 62-70 8 39-46<br />

10 60-68 9 37-44<br />

11 58-66 10 35-42<br />

12 56-63<br />

13 53-60<br />

* 45 mm-ze naklebi zoma mxolod klementins exeba<br />

<strong>da</strong>saSvebia citrusis zomis erTgvarovnebis<br />

moTxovni<strong>da</strong>n mciredi ga<strong>da</strong>cdoma, rac citrusis<br />

<strong>da</strong>fasoebis meTodzea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli:<br />

• Tu citrusi TvliTaa <strong>da</strong>fasoebuli, citrusis zoma<br />

SeiZleba eqceodes ori momijnave zomis kodis<br />

farglebSi;<br />

• fenebad <strong>da</strong>fasoebuli citrusis SemTxvevaSi, SefuTvaSi,<br />

erTi <strong>da</strong> igive zomis kodis mqone yvelaze patara <strong>da</strong> didi<br />

citrusi ar un<strong>da</strong> scdebodes qvemoT moyvanil zomebs (es<br />

wesi vrceldeba TvliT Cawyobil citruszec, romelic<br />

ori momijnave zomis kodis farglebSi eqceva):<br />

17

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

18<br />

citrusis<br />

saxeoba<br />

zomis kodi<br />

erT SefuTvaSi Cawyobil<br />

citrusebs Soris<br />

<strong>da</strong>saSvebi gansxvaveba<br />

zomaSi (mm)<br />

limoni 0-<strong>da</strong>n 7-mde 7<br />

man<strong>da</strong>rini<br />

forToxali<br />

1-XXX-4<br />

5-<strong>da</strong>n 6-mde<br />

7-<strong>da</strong>n 10-mde<br />

0-<strong>da</strong>n 2-mde<br />

3-<strong>da</strong>n 6-mde<br />

7-<strong>da</strong>n 13-mde<br />

• Tu citrusi ar aris <strong>da</strong>fasoebuli fenebad an gasayi<strong>da</strong>d<br />

gamzadebul yuTebSi, maSin SefuTvaSi yvelaze patara <strong>da</strong><br />

didi citrusi ar un<strong>da</strong> scdebodes citrusis Sesabamis<br />

zomaTa gra<strong>da</strong>cias;<br />

• gasayi<strong>da</strong>d gamzadebul drekad SefuTvaSi moTavsebuli<br />

yvelaze patara <strong>da</strong> didi citrusi ar un<strong>da</strong> scdebodes<br />

sami momijnave kodis farglebs.<br />

6. xarisxis moTxovnebisgan ga<strong>da</strong>cdomis Tanaxmad:<br />

• “eqstra klasSi” <strong>da</strong>saSvebia 5% iseTi citrusisa, romelic<br />

ar akmayofilebs am klasis moTxovnebs, magram Seesabameba<br />

“pirveli klasis” moTxovnebs. gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi<br />

(ix. qvemoT), aseve misaRebia iseTi produqtebi, romlebic<br />

“pirveli klasis” ga<strong>da</strong>cdomis farglebSi xvdeba;<br />

• “pirvel klasSi” <strong>da</strong>saSvebia 10% iseTi citrusisa,<br />

romelic ar akmayofilebs am klasis moTxovnebs, magram<br />

Seesabameba “meore klasis” moTxovnebs, an xvdeba “meore<br />

klasis” ga<strong>da</strong>cdomis farglebSi;<br />

• “meore klasSi” <strong>da</strong>saSvebia 10% iseTi citrusisa, romelic<br />

ar akmayofilebs arc am klasis moTxovnebs <strong>da</strong> arc minimalur<br />

moTxovnebs. es wesi ar vrceldeba iseT citrusze,<br />

romelic lpobis stadiaSia an im donezea <strong>da</strong>zianebuli,<br />

rom moxmarebisTvis uvargisia. am klasSi aseve <strong>da</strong>saSvebia<br />

5% iseTi citrusisa, romelsac aReniSneba ze<strong>da</strong>piruli<br />

<strong>da</strong>zianeba, <strong>da</strong>msk<strong>da</strong>ri an gamomSralia.<br />

9<br />

8<br />

7<br />

11<br />

9<br />

7

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

7. zomis moTxovnebisgan ga<strong>da</strong>cdomis Tanaxmad, <strong>da</strong>saSvebia<br />

10% iseTi produqtisa, romelic zemoT moyvanil zomis<br />

moTxovnebze <strong>da</strong>balia an maT aRemateba. nebismier SemTxvevaSi<br />

es wesi ar vrceldeba citrusze, romlis zomac Semdeg<br />

minimalur moTxovnebze <strong>da</strong>balia:<br />

• limoni – 43 mm.;<br />

• man<strong>da</strong>rini, gar<strong>da</strong> klementinisa – 43 mm.;<br />

• klementini – 34 mm.;<br />

• forToxali – 50 mm.;<br />

8. wardgenis moTxovnebis Tanaxmad:<br />

• citrusis TiToeuli SefuTva un<strong>da</strong> iyos erTgvarovani,<br />

un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes mxolod erTnairi warmoSobis, saxeobis,<br />

tipis, xarisxis, zomis <strong>da</strong> simwifis donis produqts. “eqstra<br />

klasis” citrusis SemTxvevaSi, citrusis Seferilobac<br />

erTgvarovani un<strong>da</strong> iyos. SefuTvis momxmareblis-<br />

Tvis xiluli nawili, SefuTvis mTliani Semadgenlobis<br />

maCvenebeli un<strong>da</strong> iyos;<br />

• citrusis SesafuTad gamoiyeneba:<br />

o <strong>axali</strong> <strong>da</strong> sufTa masala, romelic produqts aseve<br />

saTanadod icavs <strong>da</strong>zianebisgan. savaWro monacemebis<br />

aRsaniSnad, <strong>da</strong>saSvebia qaRaldis <strong>da</strong> beWdis gamoyeneba,<br />

Tu es aRniSvna aratoqsikuri melniT an weboTi<br />

keTdeba;<br />

o Tu citrusi saTiTao<strong>da</strong>a gaxveuli, amisaTvis Txeli,<br />

mSrali, <strong>axali</strong> <strong>da</strong> usuno qaRaldi gamoiyeneba;<br />

o <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia iseTi nivTierebebis gamoyeneba, romlebic<br />

citrusis bunebriv Semadgenlobas, gansakuTrebiT<br />

gemosa <strong>da</strong> suns Secvlis;<br />

o SefuTvaSi ar un<strong>da</strong> iyo raime saxis ucxo sagani.<br />

Tumca, <strong>da</strong>saSvebia mcire zomis totis (foTlebiT)<br />

gamoyeneba;<br />

o produqtze <strong>da</strong>magrebuli stikerebi moxsnis Semdgom<br />

ar un<strong>da</strong> tovebdes webos kvals <strong>da</strong> ar un<strong>da</strong> gamoiwvios<br />

citrusis kanis <strong>da</strong>zianeba;<br />

• citrusi SeiZleba wardgenili iqnas:<br />

o fenebad SefuTuli;<br />

o Cayrili sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis taraSi. mxolod pirveli<br />

<strong>da</strong> meore klasis produqtisTvis;<br />

o momxmareblisTvis misayi<strong>da</strong>d gamzadebul maqsimum 5<br />

kg-ian yuTebSi (rogorc TvliT, aseve sufTa woniT).<br />

19

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

20<br />

9. SefuTvis aRniSvnis moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, citrusis<br />

TiToeul yuTze <strong>da</strong>tanil un<strong>da</strong> iqnas:<br />

• SemfuTavis <strong>da</strong>/an mimwodeblis saxeli <strong>da</strong> misamarTi. es<br />

SeiZleba Seicvalos StrixkodiT;<br />

• citrusis saxeli, saxeoba, tipi. limonis SemTxvevaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

saWiroa un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos “verdeli” <strong>da</strong> “promofiore”.<br />

klementinis SemTxvevaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c saWiroa un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos<br />

“ukurko klementini” an “kurkiani klementini”;<br />

• citrusis warmoSobis qveyana. SesaZleblobis SemTxvevaSi<br />

regionis miTiTebiT;<br />

• komerciuli monacemebi: klasi, citrusis zomis kodi,<br />

gamoyenebuli qimiuri nivTierebebi (aseTis gamoyenebis<br />

SemTxvevaSi);<br />

• kontrolis oficialuri aRniSvna (arasavaldebuloa).<br />

4. janmrTelobis <strong>da</strong> fitosanitaruli moTxovnebi mcenareebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

mcenareul produqtebze<br />

janmrTelobis <strong>da</strong> fitosanitaruli moTxovnebi mcenareebsa<br />

<strong>da</strong> mcenareul produqtebze mocemulia <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos 2000<br />

wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtivaSi. fitosanitaruli moTxovnebi<br />

vrceldeba axal xilsa <strong>da</strong> bostneulzec <strong>da</strong> maTi <strong>da</strong>cva aucilebelia<br />

<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

<strong>bazarze</strong> eqsportirebisas. aRniSnuli direqtivis Tanaxmad, zogierT<br />

mcenaresa <strong>da</strong> mcenareul produqts, maT Soris zogierT axal xilsa<br />

<strong>da</strong> bostneuls, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> eqsportisas un<strong>da</strong> axldes<br />

<strong>mesame</strong> qveynis kompetenturi uwyebis mier gacemuli „fitosanitaruli<br />

sertifikati“ an „fitosanitaruli sertifikati re-eqsportisaTvis“<br />

(<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> fitosanitaruli sertifikatebis formebi mocemulia<br />

<strong>da</strong>narTSi No 3).<br />

evrokomisia uflebamosilia, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> eqsportisTvis<br />

gankuTvnil produqciasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, <strong>mesame</strong> qveynebisgan<br />

gamoiTxovos informacia am qveynebSi moqmedi sanitaruli <strong>da</strong> fitosanitaruli<br />

kanomdeblobis, kontrolis meqanizmebisa <strong>da</strong> riskebis<br />

Sefasebis Sesaxeb. am mizniT, evrokomisia, Cveulebriv, ukavSirdeba<br />

evrokavSirSi Sesabamisi <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis warmomadgenlobas <strong>da</strong> misgan<br />

miRebuli informaciis safuZvelze uSualod <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis<br />

Sesabamis kompetentur samsaxurebs mimarTavs.<br />

im mcenareebis, mcenareuli produqtebis <strong>da</strong> mavne organizmebis<br />

sxva potenciuri matareblebis CamonaTvali, romelTac fitosani-

---

<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

taruli sertifikati sWirdebaT, mocemulia <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos<br />

2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtivis mexuTe <strong>da</strong>narTSi. saqarTvelo<strong>da</strong>n<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportiors,<br />

fitosanitaruli sertifikati Semdegi mcenareebis <strong>da</strong> mcenareuli<br />

produqtebis eqsportisas sWirdeba:<br />

• citrusis (Citrus L.), iaponuri zRmartlis (Fortunella Swingle),<br />

trifoliatas (Poncirus Raf) saxeobebisa <strong>da</strong> maTi hibridebisgan<br />

miRebuli xili foTlebiT <strong>da</strong> yunwebiT;<br />

• oxraxuSis (Apium graveolens L.) <strong>da</strong> rehanis (Ocimum L.) saxeobebis<br />

mwvanili;<br />

• citrusis (Citrus L.,) iaponuri zRmartlis (Fortunella Swingle),<br />

trifoliatas (Poncirus Raf) <strong>da</strong> maTi hibridebis, aseve induri<br />

kitris (Momordica L.) <strong>da</strong> badrijnis (Solanum melongena L.)<br />

saxeobebis nayofebi;<br />

• anonas [pau-paus] ( Annona L.), komSis (Cydonia Mill.), aRmosavleTis<br />

xurmis (Diospyros L.), vaSlis (Malus Mill.,) mangos (Mangifera L.),<br />

pasifloras [grenadili] (Passiflora L.), qliavis (Prunus L.),<br />

guavas (Psidium L.), msxlis (Pyrus L.), mocxaris (Ribes L.), mixakis<br />

xis (Syzygium Gaertn.) <strong>da</strong> mocvis (Vaccinium L.), saxeobebis xili,<br />

romelic moyvanilia <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> farglebs gareT;<br />

• bardis (Dolichos Jacq.), magniferas (Magnifera spp.), Warxlis<br />

(Beta vulgaris L) <strong>da</strong> lobios (Phaseolus vulgaris) saxeobebis<br />

marcvlebi;<br />

• bambis (Gossypium spp) saxeobebis marcvlebi <strong>da</strong> bamba;<br />

• vazis (Vitis L.) saxeobebi<strong>da</strong>n miRebuli yurZeni.<br />

fitosanitaruli sertifikati un<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>sturebdes, rom <strong>mesame</strong><br />

qveyni<strong>da</strong>n <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili<br />

produqcia ar aris <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> mier akrZaluli mavneblebis <strong>da</strong><br />

mcenareuli <strong>da</strong>avadebebis matarebeli. mavneblebis <strong>da</strong> mcenareuli<br />

<strong>da</strong>avadebebis CamonaTvali, romelTa <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> teritoriaze<br />

Setana <strong>da</strong> gavrceleba akrZalulia, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos 2000 wlis 8<br />

maisis No 2000/29 direqtivis pirvel <strong>da</strong> meore <strong>da</strong>narTebSia mocemuli.<br />

fitosanitarul sertifikats gascems <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis samsaxuri,<br />

romelsac fitosanitaruli sertifikatis gacemis uflebamosileba<br />

erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT <strong>da</strong> mcenaris <strong>da</strong>cvis saerTaSoriso konvenciis<br />

7 debulebebis Sesabamisad aqvs miniWebuli. fitosanitaruli<br />

sertifikati <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> mier, mcenaris <strong>da</strong>cvis saerTaSoriso<br />

konvenciis safuZvelze SemuSavebul formas un<strong>da</strong> Seesabamebodes.<br />

fitosanitaruli sertifikati <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> romelime oficialur<br />

7 mcenaris <strong>da</strong>cvis saerTaSoriso konvencia - serTaSoriso xelSekruleba mcenareTa<br />

janmrTelobis Sesaxeb. xelSekruleba 1952 wli<strong>da</strong>n arsebobs <strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyofs mcenareTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvas mavneblebis warmoqnisa <strong>da</strong> gavrcelebisgan. xsenebul konvencias saqarTvelo<br />

2007 wels SeuerT<strong>da</strong>.<br />

21

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

enaze un<strong>da</strong> iyos Sedgenili <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong> gaices saeqsporto produqciis<br />

<strong>mesame</strong> qveynis teritoriis <strong>da</strong>tovebamde araumetes 14 dRiT adre.<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> fitosanitaruli moTxovnebisgan <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis<br />

eqsportiori Tavisufldeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mcenareTas <strong>da</strong>/an<br />

mcenareuli produqtebis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> teritoriaze Setanas ar<br />

axlavs mavne organizmebis gavrcelebis saSiSroeba. kerZod, Tu:<br />

• mcenareebi <strong>da</strong>/an mcenareuli produqtebi mxolod ga<strong>da</strong>kveTen<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> teritorias;<br />

• mcenareebis <strong>da</strong>/an mcenareuli produqtebis mxolod mcire<br />

raodenobis eqsporti xdeba arasawarmoo an arakomerciuli<br />

<strong>da</strong>niSnulebiT;<br />

• mcenareebis <strong>da</strong>/an mcenareuli produqtebis eqsporti xdeba<br />

samecniero <strong>da</strong>niSnulebiT an mcenaris saxeobaTa SesarCevi<br />

samuSaosTvis;<br />

• eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili mcenareebi <strong>da</strong>/an mcenareuli<br />

produqtebi moyvanilia <strong>mesame</strong> qveynisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

uSualo sasazRvro zonaSi.<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili <strong>axali</strong><br />

<strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis Sesabamisoba <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> fitosanitarul<br />

moTxovnebTan mowmdeba <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sazRvris ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis adgilze.<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos 2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtiva<br />

iTvaliswinebs mcenaris <strong>da</strong> mcenareuli produqtis dokumentur,<br />

saidentifikacio <strong>da</strong> mcenaris janmrTelobis laboratoriul<br />

Semowmebas. dokumenturi Semowmeba gulisxmobs tvirTis Tanmxlebi<br />

fitosanitaruli sertifikatis Semowmebas, akmayofilebs Tu ara<br />

sertifikati <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs. tvirTis identificirebiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>sturdeba, Seesabameba Tu ara tvirTi sertifikatSi miTiTebul<br />

mcenareebs an mcenareul produqtebs. aseve aucileblad xdeba<br />

tvirTis nawilis an mTliani tvirTis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong><br />

Setanis adgilze fizikuri Semowmebac, rac mcenaris janmrTelobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>sadgenad sinjebis aRebas gulisxmobs.<br />

mcenaris <strong>da</strong> mcenareuli produqtis dokumentur, saidentifikacio<br />

<strong>da</strong> janmrTelobis fizikur Semowmebas evrokavSirSi Sesvlis<br />

adgilze axorcielebs <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynis kompetenturi<br />

uwyeba an sabaJo samsaxuri. kompetenturi uwyeba SeiZleba iyos <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

wevri qveynis mcenaris <strong>da</strong>cvis organizacia(ebi), an sxva<br />

saxelmwifo struqtura. saidentifikacio <strong>da</strong> mcenaris janmrTelobis<br />

Semowmeba, gar<strong>da</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sazRvris ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis adgilisa,<br />

aseve SeiZleba ganxorcieldes <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynis kompetenturi<br />

uwyebisa <strong>da</strong> sabaJo samsaxuris mier gansazRvrul romelime<br />

sxva adgilze, romelic sazRvarTan axlosaa ganlagebuli.<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sazRvris ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis adgili SeiZleba iyos<br />

22

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

aeroporti, sazRvao porti, rkinigzis <strong>da</strong> saavtomobilo sasazRvro<br />

punqti. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynebi, evrokomisias, rogorc wesi,<br />

winaswar awvdian informacias maTi sazRvris ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis punqtebis<br />

adgilmdebareobis Sesaxeb.<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos 2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtivis<br />

mexuTe <strong>da</strong>narTis B nawilSi CamoTvlili mcenareebis <strong>da</strong> mcenareuli<br />

produqtebis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> importisas, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri<br />

qveynebis moTxovniT importiori <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> Sesabamis qveyanaSi<br />

un<strong>da</strong> iyos registrirebuli. Sesabamisad, <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis eqsportiorma<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabaJoze un<strong>da</strong> waradginos importioris (mcenareebis<br />

<strong>da</strong>/an mcenareuli produqtebis myidvelis) <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevr<br />

qveyanaSi registraciis nomeri.<br />

mavneblebis <strong>da</strong> mcenareuli <strong>da</strong>avadebebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi,<br />

importiori, <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis momwodebels mosTxovs <strong>da</strong>matebiT<br />

informacias, produqciis pirveladi warmoebis <strong>da</strong> mosavlis aRebis<br />

Semdgom produqciis movlis Sesaxeb. Tu Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili <strong>mesame</strong><br />

qveyanaSi warmoebuli <strong>axali</strong> xili <strong>da</strong> bostneuli ar akmayofilebs<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> fitosanitarul moTxovnebs, tvirTi <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

<strong>bazarze</strong> ar <strong>da</strong>iSveba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili<br />

<strong>axali</strong> xili <strong>da</strong> bostneuli janmrTelobisTvis didi safrTxis<br />

Semcvelia, tvirTi <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> Sesvlis adgilzeve<br />

ganadgurdeba, tvirTi ganadgurebis xarjebi ki eqsportiors<br />

<strong>da</strong>ekisreba.<br />

mcenareebis <strong>da</strong> mcenareuli produqtebis, maT Soris <strong>axali</strong><br />

<strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> teritoriaze Sesvlis Semdeg,<br />

fitosanitaruli sertifikati Seicvleba mcenaris pasportiT.<br />

mcenaris pasporti aris <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynis Sesabamisi samsaxuris<br />

mier gacemuli etiketi, romelic produqciis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

mcenaris janmrTelobis stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan Sesabamisobas a<strong>da</strong>sturebs.<br />

xsenebuli dokumenti aucilebelia mcenareebis <strong>da</strong> mcenareuli<br />

produqtebis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> bazris SigniT ga<strong>da</strong>saadgileblad.<br />

evrokomisiis 2004 wlis 11 oqtombris No 1756/2004 regulaciis<br />

mixedviT, <strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> importirebuli im mcenareebis <strong>da</strong><br />

mcenareuli produqtebis janmrTeloba, romelTac <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

fitosanitaruli moTxovnebis <strong>da</strong>kmayofileba moeTxovebaT,<br />

SesaZloa gamartivebuli wesiTac Semowmdes. amisaTvis,<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveyana TxovniT mimarTavs evrokomisias,<br />

importirebuli tvirTis gamartivebuli wesiT Semowmebis<br />

Sesaxeb. evrokomisia amgvar ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas Rebulobs Semdegi<br />

kriteriumebis safuZvelze:<br />

• Tu ukanaskneli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, yovelwliurad,<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong>, mocemuli mcenaris an mcenareuli<br />

23

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

produqtis saSualod 200 partiis importi xdeba;<br />

• Tu ukanaskneli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi mocemuli mcenaris<br />

<strong>da</strong> mcenareuli produqtis sul mcire 600 partiis inspeqcia<br />

ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>;<br />

• Tu produqciis partiebis raodenoba, romelSicAmavneblebi<br />

aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi importirebuli mocemuli<br />

mcenaris <strong>da</strong> mcenareuli produqtis mTliani raodenobis<br />

1%-ze naklebs Seadgens;<br />

aRniSnuli kriteriumebis safuZvelze, evrokomisia aqveynebs im<br />

mcenareTa <strong>da</strong> mcenareul produqtTa sias, romelTa janmrTelobis<br />

<strong>da</strong>sadgenad tvirTis mxolod garkveuli nawilis Semowmebac sakmarisia.<br />

evrokomisia ganaaxlebs amgvar sias, perioduli Sefasebebisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rRvevebis Sesaxeb miRebuli Setyobinebebis safuZvelze.<br />

amJamad, mcenaris janmrTelobis gamartivebuli SemowmebisTvis<br />

rekomendirebulia 52 mcenare <strong>da</strong> mcenareuli produqti, maT Soris<br />

TurqeTi<strong>da</strong>n eqsportirebuli citrusebic.<br />

evrokomisiis 2004 wlis 7 oqtombris No 2004/103 direqtiva aseve<br />

iTvaliswinebs mcenaris janmrTelobis Semowmebis SesaZleblobas<br />

tvirTis “<strong>da</strong>niSnulebis adgilze”, inspeqciis ukeT Catarebis<br />

mizniT. amgvari Semowmeba xorcieldeba <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynis<br />

kompetenturi uwyebis TanxmobiT, rasac eqsportiori winaswar<br />

moipovebs Semdegi pirobebis <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi:<br />

• eqsportirebuli produqcia <strong>da</strong>/an produqciis ga<strong>da</strong>satanad<br />

gamoyenebuli transporti karga<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>luquli <strong>da</strong><br />

gamoricxulia infeqciis gavrcelebis saSiSroeba produqciis<br />

<strong>da</strong>niSnulebis adgilze ga<strong>da</strong>tanisas;<br />

• tvirTi ga<strong>da</strong>tanili un<strong>da</strong> iqnes <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> kompetentur<br />

uwyebasTan winaswar SeTanxmebul adgilze;<br />

• tvirTs un<strong>da</strong> axldes “mcenaris janmrTelobis ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis<br />

dokumenti”, romelsac eqsportiori avsebs <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

romelime oficialur enaze, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynis<br />

kompetenturi uwyebis warmomadgenlis ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobis<br />

qveS. “mcenaris janmrTelobis ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis dokumentis”<br />

nimuSi mocemulia <strong>da</strong>narTSi #3.<br />

produqcia ga<strong>da</strong>tanili un<strong>da</strong> iqnes “mcenaris janmrTelobis<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis dokumentze” miTiTebul adgilze. saTanado inspeqciis<br />

Semdeg moxdeba aRniSnuli dokumentis <strong>da</strong>mowmeba, romelsac<br />

eqsportiori sabaJo samsaxurs warudgens sabaJo procedurebis<br />

oficialurad gasaformeblad.<br />

mcenaris <strong>da</strong>cvis saerTaSoriso konvenciaze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT, evrokavSirma<br />

SeimuSava kanonmdebloba, romelic aregulirebs kidev erT<br />

fitosanitarul moTxovnas - vaWrobis dros SesafuTad xis masalis<br />

gamoyenebas, rasac SeiZleba axldes evrokavSirSi mavneblebis<br />

24

---

<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

Setanisa <strong>da</strong> gavrcelebis saSiSroeba. xisgan <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli yuTi,<br />

doli, CasatvirTi ficari, romlis zomac siganeSi 6 mm-ze metia, evrokavSirSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>iSveba Tu:<br />

• Termula<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>muSavebuli 56°C-ze 30 wuTis ganmavlobaSi an<br />

fumigirebulia (dezinficirebulia) meTil-bromidiT;<br />

• xis yuTs aqvs ISPM158 mcenaris <strong>da</strong>cvis saerTaSoriso konvenciaze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT, evrokavSirma<br />

SeimuSava kanonmdebloba, romelic aregulirebs kidev erT<br />

fitosanitarul moTxovnas - vaWrobis dros SesafuTad xis masalis<br />

gamoyenebas, rasac SeiZleba axldes evrokavSirSi mavneblebis Setanisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> gavrcelebis saSiSroeba. xisgan <strong>da</strong>mzadebuli yuTi, doli,<br />

CasatvirTi ficari, romlis zomac siganeSi 6 mm-ze metia, evrokavSirSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>iSveba Tu:<br />

• Termula<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>muSavebuli 56°C-ze 30 wuTis ganmavlobaSi an<br />

fumigirebulia (dezinficirebulia) beWedi, romelzec meTil-bromidiT;<br />

aRniSnulia mcenaris<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvis • xis saerTaSoriso yuTs aqvs ISPM15 konvenciis logo, warmoSobis qveynis<br />

abreviatura, mwarmoebeli <strong>da</strong> xis masalis <strong>da</strong>muSavebis tipi.<br />

8 beWedi, romelzec aRniSnulia mcenaris<br />

<strong>da</strong>cvis saerTaSoriso konvenciis logo, warmoSobis qveynis<br />

abreviatura, mwarmoebeli, <strong>da</strong> xis masalis <strong>da</strong>muSavebis tipi;<br />

aRniSnuli aRniSnuli moTxovnebi moTxovnebi ar moqmedebs ar moqmedebs SesafuTad SesafuTad gamoyenebul gamoyenebul iseT iseT xis<br />

xis masalaze, masalaze, romelic romelic webos, webos, gacxelebisa gacxelebisa <strong>da</strong> wnevis <strong>da</strong> wnevis gamoyenebiTaa gamoyenebiTaa<br />

<strong>da</strong>muSavebuli, <strong>da</strong>muSavebuli, magaliTad magaliTad firficari. firficari. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> inspeqtorebi<br />

Semowmebisas Semowmebisas ISPM15 ISPM15 beWeds beWeds Seamowmeben Seamowmeben eqportisTvis gankuTvnil xis xis<br />

masaliT masaliT SefuTul SefuTul tvirTze. tvirTze. sxva saxis sxva sertifikati saxis sertifikati xis masalisgan<br />

xis masalisgan<br />

<strong>da</strong>mzadebuli tvirTis evrokavSirSi Setanisas saWiro ar aris.<br />

<strong>da</strong>mzadebuli tvirTis evrokavSirSi Setanisas saWiro ar aris.<br />

ISPM15<br />

ISPM15<br />

beWdis<br />

beWdis<br />

gamoyenebis<br />

gamoyenebis nebarTvas<br />

nebarTvas<br />

gascems<br />

gascems<br />

<strong>mesame</strong><br />

<strong>mesame</strong><br />

qveynis<br />

qveynis<br />

Sesabamisi<br />

Sesabamisi saxelmwifo saxelmwifo uwyeba uwyeba <strong>da</strong> is <strong>da</strong> ase is gamoiyureba: ase gamoiyureba:<br />

warmoSobis qveyana<br />

mwarmoebeli<br />

<strong>da</strong>muSavebis tipi<br />

5. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> moTxovnebi sursaTis uvneblobasa <strong>da</strong><br />

5. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> moTxovnebi sursaTis uvneblobasa <strong>da</strong><br />

higienaze<br />

higienaze<br />

bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi, evrokavSirma, sursaTis uvneblobisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> higienis bolo Sesaxeb wlebis mTeli ganmavlobaSi, rigi sakanonmdeblo evrokavSirma, sursaTis aqtebi SeimuSava. uvneblobisa am <strong>da</strong><br />

sakiTxisadmi higienis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> Sesaxeb mTeli kompleqsuri rigi sakanonmdeblo midgoma moicavs aqtebi sursaTis, SeimuSava. am<br />

maT Soris sakiTxisadmi <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis, kompleqsuri warmoebis midgoma moicavs yvela etaps sursaTis, <strong>da</strong> maT<br />

aspeqts,<br />

Soris<br />

iseTi<br />

<strong>axali</strong><br />

sakiTxebis<br />

<strong>xilisa</strong><br />

CaTvliT,<br />

<strong>da</strong> bostneulis,<br />

rogoricaa<br />

warmoebis<br />

sakvebis<br />

yvela etaps<br />

<strong>da</strong>mabinZu-<br />

<strong>da</strong> aspeqts,<br />

iseTi sakiTxebis CaTvliT, rogoricaa sakvebis <strong>da</strong>mabinZureblebi,<br />

reblebi,<br />

pesticidebi,<br />

pesticidebi,<br />

sursaTis<br />

sursaTis SefuTva<br />

SefuTva<br />

<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong><br />

etiketireba,<br />

etiketireba,<br />

kvebis<br />

kvebis<br />

<strong>axali</strong><br />

<strong>axali</strong><br />

produqtebi <strong>da</strong> genmodificirebuli organizmebi. am kanonmdeblobaSi<br />

mocemuli 8<br />

ISPM15 moTxovnebi – mcenaris vrceldeba <strong>da</strong>cvis rogorc saerTasoriso evrokavSirSi konvenciis mier warmoebul, SemuSavebuli<br />

aseve <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> saerTaSoriso fitosanitaruli <strong>bazarze</strong> importirebul beWedi SesafuTad produqtebze gamoyenebuli xis <strong>da</strong> masalisTvis. amdenad,<br />

8 ISPM15 – mcenaris <strong>da</strong>cvis saerTasoriso konvenciis mier SemuSavebuli saerTaSoriso<br />

fitosanitaruli beWedi SesafuTad gamoyenebuli xis masalisTvis.<br />

25<br />

22

---

<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

isini <strong>mesame</strong> qveynebis eqsportiorebisTvisac sayuradReboa.<br />

sursaTis uvneblobis principebis <strong>da</strong>cvas <strong>da</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis SemuSavebas uzrunvelyofs evropis<br />

sursaTis uvneblobis samsaxuri. evropis sursaTis uvneblobis<br />

samsaxuris <strong>da</strong>niSnulebaa <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sursaTis uvneblobis<br />

gaumjobeseba <strong>da</strong> momxmarebelTa uflebebis <strong>da</strong>cva. samsaxuri<br />

mudmivad axorcielebs sursaTis uvneblobis, aseve cxovelTa <strong>da</strong><br />

mcenareTa janmrTelobis riskis Sefasebebs. riskis Sefasebis<br />

safuZvelze, evropis sursaTis uvneblobis samsaxuri SeimuSavebs<br />

<strong>da</strong> evrokomisias awvdis mecnierul rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebs, rac SemdgomSi<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sursaTis uvneblobis kanonmdeblobaSi aisaxeba.<br />

aRsaniSnavia, rom <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWosa <strong>da</strong> evroparlamentis 2002<br />

wlis 28 ianvris No 178/2002 regulaciis mixedviT, sursaTis uvneblobaze<br />

pasuxismgebloba evrokavSirSi sursaTis importiors ekisreba.<br />

Tu importiors safuZvliani eWvi aqvs, rom mis mier evrokavSirSi Setanili<br />

produqcia ar akmayofilebs sursaTis uvneblobis stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs,<br />

man <strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv un<strong>da</strong> amoiRos saeWvo saqoneli bazri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> amis<br />

Sesaxeb acnobos <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> Sesabamisi wevri qveynis kompetentur<br />

uwyebebs. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu produqtma ukve miaRwia momxmareblamde,<br />

distributorma momxmarebels saTanado informacia un<strong>da</strong> miawodos<br />

produqciis bazri<strong>da</strong>n amoRebis Taobaze.<br />

evroparlamentisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos 2002 wlis 28 ianvris<br />

No 178/2002 regulaciis Tanaxmad, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> saqonlis<br />

Setanisas importiorma sursaTis warmoebis, ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebis<br />

<strong>da</strong> distribuciis yvela etapze un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyos <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>amtkicos, rom mis mier importisTvis gamzadebuli sursaTi ar<br />

aris mavnebeli <strong>da</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sursaTis uvneblobis moTxovnebs<br />

akmayofilebs. mavnebeli sursaTis mikvlevadobis uzrunvelsayofad,<br />

sursaTis imპortiori valdebulia, flobdes informacias rogorc<br />

importisTvis gankuTvnili sursaTis warmoSobis, aseve sursaTis<br />

mwarmoeblis Sesaxeb. zemoT aRniSnuli regulaciis me-18 muxlis<br />

Tanaxmad, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> sursaTis Setanisas, imortiorma<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynis kompetentur uwyebas, saWiroebis<br />

SemTxvevaSi, Semdegi informacia un<strong>da</strong> warudginos:<br />

• <strong>mesame</strong> qveynis mimwodeblis saxeli <strong>da</strong> misamarTi,<br />

produqtis warmoSobis qveyana <strong>da</strong> tranzaqciis TariRi;<br />

• produqciis moculoba <strong>da</strong> xarisxi, produqciis detaluri<br />

aRweriloba <strong>da</strong> rigiTi nomeri;<br />

evroparlamentisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos 2004 wlis 29 aprilis<br />

No 852/2004 regulacia awesebs higienis zogad moTxovnebs, romlebic<br />

sursaTis mwarmoeblebma un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>akmayofilon. sursaTis mwarmoebeli<br />

valdebulia:<br />

26

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

• <strong>da</strong>icvas sursaTi haerisgan, nia<strong>da</strong>gisgan, wylisgan, sasuqisgan,<br />

cxovelebis, mavneblebis <strong>da</strong> sxva SesaZlo faqtorebisgan<br />

gamowveuli <strong>da</strong>binZurebisgan;<br />

• sursaTs ganaridos <strong>da</strong>binZurebis safrTxis Semcveli<br />

nivTierebebi;<br />

• <strong>da</strong>icvas sursaTis warmoebisTvis gamoyenebuli aRWurvilobis,<br />

manqana-<strong>da</strong>nadgarebisa <strong>da</strong> satransporto saSualebebis<br />

sisufTave;<br />

• uzrunvelyos sursaTis higienurad warmoeba, transportireba<br />

<strong>da</strong> Senaxva;<br />

• sursaTis <strong>da</strong>binZurebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad gamoiyenos<br />

sasmeli an sufTa wyali;<br />

• uzrunvelyos sursaTis warmoebis procesSi monawile personalis<br />

janmrTelobis <strong>da</strong>makmayofilebeli mdgomareoba;<br />

• gaiTvaliswinos mcenaris gamokvlevebis Sedegebi, romlebic<br />

mniSvnelovania a<strong>da</strong>mianisa <strong>da</strong> cxovelis janmrTelobisTvis;<br />

• kanoniTa <strong>da</strong>dgenil farglebSi gamoiyenos mcenaris<br />

<strong>da</strong>sacavi produqtebi <strong>da</strong> biocidebi;<br />

• aRweros mis mier gatarebuli prevenciuli zomebi, gansakuTrebiT<br />

mavneblebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>avadebebis gavrcelebis<br />

an janmrTelobisTvis mniSvnelovani Semowmebebis Catarebis<br />

dros mcenaris <strong>da</strong>sacavi produqtebisa <strong>da</strong> biocidebis<br />

gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi.<br />

<strong>axali</strong> xili <strong>da</strong> bostneuli, iseve rogorc sxva saxis sursaTi,<br />

SeiZleba aRmoCndes mikrobiologiuri <strong>da</strong>binZurebis safrTxis<br />

winaSe. safrTxes ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d warmoadgens ori paTogenuri baqteria<br />

– salmonela <strong>da</strong> listeria. amgvari safrTxis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad<br />

evrokavSiri awesebs sursaTis mikrobilogiur moTxovnebs, romlebic<br />

<strong>mesame</strong> qveyni<strong>da</strong>n importirebul produqciazec vrceldeba.<br />

sursaTis mikrobilogiuri moTxovnebi mocemulia evrokomisiis<br />

2005 wlis 15 noembris No 2073/2005 regulaciaSi. regulaciis<br />

pirveli <strong>da</strong>narTi adgens specifikuri mikrobebis limitebs sakvebis<br />

sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kategoriisTvis, maT Soris <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis<br />

garkveuli saxeobebisTvis. salmonelas gavrcelebis safrTxesTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, regulaciaSi aRsaniSnavia “ayvavebuli<br />

Teslis” <strong>da</strong> sakvebad gamzadebuli “<strong>da</strong>Wrili <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis”<br />

kategoriebi. aseTi sursaTis arcerTi erTeuli ar un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes<br />

salmonelas. oficialuri SemowmebisTvis un<strong>da</strong> moxdes 25<br />

gr. sinjis 5 erTeulad aReba. salmonelas Tun<strong>da</strong>c sinjis erT<br />

erTeulSi aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi produqti ar un<strong>da</strong> iqnas <strong>da</strong>Svebuli<br />

<strong>bazarze</strong>.<br />

27

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

listeriis SemTxvevaSi, sayuradReboa regulaciaSi mocemuli<br />

sursaTis Semdegi kategoria “saWmelad gamzadebuli sakvebi,<br />

romelic xels uwyobs listeriis monocitogenis zr<strong>da</strong>s, gar<strong>da</strong><br />

bavSvis sakvebisa <strong>da</strong> samedicino <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis produqtebisa”.<br />

baqteriis <strong>da</strong>saSvebi raodenoba <strong>da</strong> sinjis aRebis moTxovna listeriozisTvisac<br />

igivea <strong>da</strong> igi produqtis jer kidev mwarmoeblis<br />

kontrolis qveS yofnis etapze xorcieldeba. produqtis <strong>bazarze</strong><br />

Setanis Semdeg sinji un<strong>da</strong> gakeTdes 1 gr. raodenobiT 5 erTeulad.<br />

TiToeul erTeulSi <strong>da</strong>saSvebia mxolod 100 cfu/g (mikroorganizmebis<br />

koloniis Semqmneli erTeuli/gramze) 9 baqteriis arseboba.<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri qveynebi valdebulni arian, uzrunvelyon<br />

<strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulisTvis <strong>da</strong>wesebuli mikrobiologiuri<br />

kriteriumebis <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>da</strong> maTi monitoringi, maT Soris importirebul<br />

produqciaze. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri TiToeuli qveynis Sesabamisi<br />

kompetenturi uwyeba axdens am kriteriumebis mixedviT sakvebi<br />

produqtebis Semowmebas rogorc <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> maT Setanamde,<br />

aseve <strong>bazarze</strong> moxvedris Semdeg. kriteriumebis <strong>da</strong>rRvevis<br />

SemTxvevaSi, importisTvis gankuTvnili sakvebi produqti evrokav-<br />

Siris <strong>bazarze</strong> ar <strong>da</strong>iSveba <strong>da</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> wevri saxelmwifo amis<br />

Sesaxeb evrokomisias acnobebs. Tu importi ukve ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

mavnebelma produqciam momxmareblamde miaRwia, mavnebeli produqcia<br />

bazri<strong>da</strong>n amoRebul un<strong>da</strong> iqnas <strong>da</strong> eqsportiors ekisreba momxmareblis<br />

saTanadod informirebis valdebuleba.<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> eqsportirebuli sursaTi aseve un<strong>da</strong> akmayofilebdes<br />

sursaTis <strong>da</strong>mabinZurebeli nivTierebebis Sesaxeb <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebs. sursaTis “<strong>da</strong>binZureba”<br />

ganisazRvreba, rogorc biologiuri, qimiuri an fizikuri ucxo niv-<br />

Tierebis arseboba, romelic ar aris mizanSewonili sursaTisTvis,<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa sazianoa is Tu ara cxovelis an a<strong>da</strong>mianis janmrTelobisTvis<br />

<strong>da</strong> garemosTvis. sursaTSi <strong>da</strong>mabinZurebeli niv-<br />

Tiereba rogorc misi warmoebisa <strong>da</strong> marketingis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva etapze,<br />

aseve garemos <strong>da</strong>binZurebis Sedega<strong>da</strong>c SeiZleba aRmoCndes.<br />

evrokomisiis 2006 wlis 19 dekembris No 1881/2006 regulacia<br />

adgens garkveuli <strong>da</strong>mabinZurebeli nivTierebebis Semcvelobis<br />

zRvrul dones kvebis produqtebisTvis, maT Soris <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

bostneulisTvis:<br />

• nitratis Semcveloba ispanaxsa <strong>da</strong> salaTaSi;<br />

• sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mikotoqsinis Semcveloba TxilebSi, mSral<br />

xilSi, burRuleulSi <strong>da</strong> sxva;<br />

• metalebis Semcveloba xilSi, bostneulSi, kenkraSi <strong>da</strong><br />

sxva;<br />

9 http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/controls/foodfeed/sampling_testing.pdf<br />

28

---

<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

• 3- meTil-ciklo-propenis (3-MCPD) Semcveloba<br />

hidrolizebul mcenareul cilebSi <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />

aRniSnuli moTxovnebis <strong>da</strong>cva mkacrad kontroldeba <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

<strong>bazarze</strong> sursaTis eqsportisas. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sazRvris ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis<br />

adgilze produqcias utardeba SerCeviTi laboratoriuli<br />

Semowmeba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rRvevebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

Sesabamisi uwyebebi eqsports SeaCereben.<br />

evroparlamentisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos 2005 wlis 23 Tebervlis<br />

No 396/2005 regulacia <strong>da</strong> am regulaciaze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT SemuSაvabuli<br />

evrokomisiis Sesabamisi direqtivebi, aregulireben sursaTSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>saSvebi pesticidebis gamoyenebas. pesticidi aris biologiuri<br />

nivTiereba, romelic gamoiyeneba sakvebis, a<strong>da</strong>mianis janmrTelobisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> garemosTvis saziano mavneblebis gasanadgureblad an maTi<br />

kontrolisTvis. aseTi mavneblebia: mRrRnelebi, mwerebi, sokoebi <strong>da</strong><br />

mcenareebi. maT sawinaaRmdegod SeiZleba mxolod oficialurad<br />

<strong>da</strong>Svebuli pesticidebis gamoyeneba.<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos 1978 wlis 21 dekembris No 79/117 direqtivis<br />

mixedviT, akrZalulia Semdegi pesticidebis gamoyeneba:<br />

A. <strong>da</strong>riSxanis naerTebi:<br />

• vercxliswylis oqsidi;<br />

• vercxliswylis qloridi (kalomeli);<br />

• vercxliswylis Semcveli sxva araorganuli naerTebi;<br />

• vercxliswylis tuteebis Semcveli naerTebi;<br />

• alkoqsialkilebi <strong>da</strong> vercxliswylis arilebis Semcveli<br />

naerTebi.<br />

B. aradegradirebadi qlororganuli nivTierebebi:<br />

• aldrini;<br />

• qlor<strong>da</strong>ni;<br />

• dieldrini;<br />

• ddt (diqloro-difenil-triqloreTani);<br />

• endrini;<br />

• heqsaqlorani, romelic Seicavs 99%-ze nakleb gama izomers;<br />

• heptaqlorani;<br />

• heqsaqlorbenzeni;<br />

C. sxva naerTebi:<br />

• eTilenis oqsidi;<br />

• nitrofeni;<br />

• 1,2-dibromeTani;<br />

• 1,2- diqloreTani;<br />

• dinosebi (ZmarmJava <strong>da</strong> Cveulebrivi marilebi);<br />

• binapakrili;<br />

• kaptafoli;<br />

29

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

30<br />

• dikofoli (romelic Seicavs 78 %-ze nakleb dikofols an<br />

1g/kg-ze met ddt-s);<br />

• maleinis mJavis hidrazidi (gar<strong>da</strong> qolinis, fosforis <strong>da</strong><br />

sodis marilebisa);<br />

• qolinis, fosforis <strong>da</strong> sodis marilebi, romlebic Seicaven 1<br />

mg/kg-ze met hidrazins;<br />

• qintozeni, romelic Seicavs 1 mg/kg-ze met heqsaqlorbenzens<br />

an 10g/kg-ze met pentaqlorbenzens.<br />

evrokavSiri adgens pesticidebis <strong>da</strong>saSveb raodenobas kvebis<br />

produqtebisTvis. narCenis zRvruli raodenoba (MRLs – Maximum<br />

Residue Levels) aris pesticidis koncentraciis maqsimaluri raodenoba<br />

sursaTSi, romelic gansazRvrulia individualuri nayofis/<br />

pesticidis kombinaciisTvis. evroparlamentisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong><br />

sabWos 2005 wlis 23 Tebervlis No 396/2005 regulacia awesebs narCenis<br />

zRvrul dones 600 substanciisTvis, rac <strong>da</strong>wvrilebiT mocemulia<br />

<strong>evrokavSiris</strong> pesticidebis monacemTa bazaSi 10 .<br />

<strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> eqsportiorebma<br />

un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyon, rom eqsportisTvis gankuTvnil sursaTSi<br />

pesticidebis raodenoba ar aRematebodes <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> mier <strong>da</strong>wesebul<br />

pesticidebis narCenis zRvrul raodenobas. evrokavSirSi Sesvlis<br />

adgilze Catarebuli SerCeviTi Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCenili<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRvevebis SemTxvevaSi, tvirTi <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> ar <strong>da</strong>iSveba.<br />

eqsportiorebma aseve Tvalyuri un<strong>da</strong> adevnon narCenis zRvruli<br />

raodenobis cvlilebas, raTa <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>axali</strong> moTxovnebi droulad<br />

(eqsportis ganxorcielebamde) iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli.<br />

sursaTis uvneblobis Sesaxeb <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> kanonmdebloba aseve<br />

aregulirebs sursaTSi sakvebi <strong>da</strong>namatebis <strong>da</strong>saSveb raodenobas.<br />

“sakvebi <strong>da</strong>namati”, <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos 1988 wlis 21 dekembris No<br />

89/107 direqtivis mixedviT ganisazRvreba, rogorc “nebismieri niv-<br />

Tiereba, romelic ar moixmareba rogorc sakvebi <strong>da</strong> ar warmoadgens<br />

sakvebis maxasiaTebel ingredients, romlis sakvebSi gamiznulad<br />

gamoyenebac teqnologiuri <strong>da</strong>niSnulebiT warmoebis, ga<strong>da</strong>muSavebis,<br />

momzadebis, <strong>da</strong>muSavebis, SefuTvis, transportirebis an Senaxvis<br />

dros gamoiwvevs mis ga<strong>da</strong>qcevas am sakvebis komponentad”.<br />

aRniSnuli direqtiviT <strong>da</strong>Svebulia sakvebi <strong>da</strong>namtebis mxolod<br />

Semdegi kategoriebis gamoyeneba:<br />

• feri;<br />

• konservanti;<br />

• anti-oqsi<strong>da</strong>nti;<br />

• emulgatori;<br />

• maril-emulgatori;<br />

10 http://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public/index.cfm.

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

• gamaTxelebeli;<br />

• Jele nivTiereba;<br />

• Stabilizatori;<br />

• gemos gamaumjobesebeli;<br />

• mJava;<br />

• mJavis regulatori;<br />

• gamocxobis sawinaaRmdego nivTiereba;<br />

• modificirebuli saxamebeli;<br />

• <strong>da</strong>matkbobeli;<br />

• gasafuebeli nivTiereba;<br />

• aqafebis sawinaaRmdego nivTiereba;<br />

• moWiqvis nivTiereba;<br />

• fqvilis <strong>da</strong>samuSavebeli nivTiereba;<br />

• gamamyarebeli nivTiereba;<br />

• higroskopuli nivTiereba;<br />

• seqvestranti (4);<br />

• fermenti (4) (5);<br />

• Semavsebeli;<br />

• samoZrao <strong>da</strong> SesafuTi airi;<br />

• asaqafebeli nivTiereba.<br />

sakvebi <strong>da</strong>namatebis umetesobis gamoyeneba mxolod SezRuduli<br />

raodenobiTaa <strong>da</strong>Svebuli garkveuli sasursaTo produqtebisTvis.<br />

sakvebis zogierTi <strong>da</strong>namatisTvis ar aris <strong>da</strong>wesebuli maqsimaluri<br />

zRvari, Tumca maTi gamoyeneba un<strong>da</strong> moxdes saTanado sawarmoo<br />

praqtikis Sesabamisad, iseTi raodenobiT, rac aucilebelia<br />

konkretuli miznis misaRwevad <strong>da</strong> rac ar iwvevs momxmareblis<br />

SecdomaSi Seyvanas. sakvebi <strong>da</strong>namati, aseTis Semcvelobis SemTxvevaSi,<br />

miTiTebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos sursaTis etiketze.<br />

31

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

32<br />

<strong>da</strong>narTi #1<br />

<strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis marketingul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan<br />

Sesabamisobis sertifikatis forma

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

<strong>da</strong>narTi #2<br />

<strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis samrewvelo gamoyenebis<br />

sertifikatis forma<br />

33

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

34<br />

fitosanitaruli sertifikatis forma<br />

<strong>da</strong>narTi #3

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

fitosanitaruli sertifikatis forma reeqsportisTvis<br />

35

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

36<br />

mcenaris ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis dokumenti<br />

<strong>da</strong>narTi #4

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

<strong>da</strong>narTi #5<br />

publikaciaSi gamoyenebuli <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sakanonmdeblo<br />

dokumentebi<br />

1. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos 2007 wlis 22 oqtombris No 1234/2007<br />

regulacia;<br />

2. evrokomisiis 2007 wlis 21 dekembris No 1580/2007 regulacia;<br />

3. evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulacia;<br />

4. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos 2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtiva;<br />

5. evrokomisiis 2004 wlis 7 oqtombris No 2004/103 direqtiva;<br />

6. evroparlamentisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos 2002 wlis 28<br />

ianvris No 178/2002 regulacia;<br />

7. evroparlamentisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos 2004 wlis 29<br />

aprilis No 852/2004 regulacia;<br />

8. evrokomisiis 2005 wlis 15 noembris No 2073/2005 regulacia;<br />

9. evrokomisiis 2006 wlis 19 dekembris No 1881/2006 regulacia;<br />

10. evroparlamentisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos 2005 wlis 23<br />

Tebervlis No 396/2005 regulacia;<br />

11. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos 1978 wlis 21 dekembris No 79/117<br />

direqtiva;<br />

12. <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> sabWos 1988 wlis 21 dekembris No 89/107 direqtiva.<br />

37

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

38<br />

SUMMARY<br />

EXPORT OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES FROM<br />

THIRD COUNTRIES TO THE EUROPEAN UNION MARKET<br />

1. FORWARD<br />

Present publication describes the requirements for export of Fresh Fruits and<br />

Vegetables to the European Union market. Accessing the EU market by third country<br />

exporters of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables requires compliance with regulations designed<br />

by the EU to ensure food safety and plant health within the EU. The EU also sets<br />

marketing stan<strong>da</strong>rds for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables which are also applicable for<br />

imports from third countries (including Georgia). In addition to the strict regulatory<br />

framework, exporters of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables should be aware of certification<br />

and inspection rules at the point of entry into the EU.<br />

The EU legislation defines two main food categories: food of animal origin and<br />

non-animal origin. All agricultural products including Fresh Fruits and Vegetables<br />

belong to the latter. Fresh Fruits and Vegetables include fresh fruits, vegetables, herbs,<br />

sprouts, mushrooms as well as precut ready to eat fruits and vegetables. Food of nonanimal<br />

origin is entitled to less strict import rules in the EU than the food of animal<br />

origin. While third country exporters of products of animal origin need to acquire a<br />

special imports approval from the EU (and need an adjunction to the list of third country<br />

enterprises, which are allowed to export food of animal origin to the EU market) this<br />

rule doesn’t apply to the exporters of the products of non-animal origin. However, third<br />

country exporters of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables still must comply with the relevant EU<br />

legislation, which is provided in the present publication.<br />

2. MARKETING STANDARDS FOR FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES<br />

The EU sets general and specific marketing stan<strong>da</strong>rds for Fresh Fruits and<br />

Vegetables, which are laid down in the European Commission Regulation No 1221/2008<br />

of 5 December 2008. According to the EU marketing stan<strong>da</strong>rds, Fresh Fruits and<br />

Vegetables are allowed on the EU market, if the products are sound, of market quality<br />

and if the country of origin is marked on the product. Marketing stan<strong>da</strong>rds specify<br />

the quality, classification, size, packaging, storing, transporting, presentation and<br />

labeling requirements of the products. The purpose of marketing stan<strong>da</strong>rds is to inform<br />

consumers about the quality of the product and its origin. General marketing stan<strong>da</strong>rds

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

are provided in Annex A of the European Commission Regulation No 1221/2008 of 5<br />

December 2008. General marketing stan<strong>da</strong>rds determine minimum quality requirements<br />

for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables, also minimum maturity requirements, tolerance to those<br />

requirements and a requirement to mark the origin of produce.<br />

In order to ensure that Fresh Fruits and Vegetables exports from third countries<br />

meet the EU marketing stan<strong>da</strong>rds, exporters are required to have a Certificate of<br />

Conformity. Certificate of Conformity indicates that the exported products comply<br />

with the EU marketing stan<strong>da</strong>rds. Certificate of Conformity can be acquired by the<br />

third country exporters either in the exporting country or at the point of entry into the<br />

European Union. Inspection bodies of the EU Member States carry out conformity<br />

checks of consignments of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables with the information provided<br />

in the Certificate of Conformity. Relevant certification and inspection procedures are<br />

described in the second chapter of the publication and model Certificate of Conformity<br />

can be found in the Annex.<br />

3. SPECIFIC MARKETING STANDARDS FOR CITRUS FRUIT<br />

According to the Commission Regulation No 1221/2008 of 5 December 2008,<br />

Specific marketing stan<strong>da</strong>rds apply only to the following 10 products: apples, citrus<br />

fruit, kiwifruit, lettuces, peaches and nectarines, pears, strawberries, sweet peppers,<br />

table grapes and tomatoes. Third chapter of this publication provides information on the<br />

specific marketing stan<strong>da</strong>rds for citrus fruits which is one of the major export products<br />

in Georgia.<br />

Specific marketing stan<strong>da</strong>rds for citrus fruit apply to varieties of lemons, man<strong>da</strong>rins<br />

and oranges. Specific marketing stan<strong>da</strong>rds for citrus fruit consist of minimum quality<br />

requirements, maturity requirements defined by colouring and minimum juice content,<br />

classification, sizing, presentation, and provisions concerning marking of the produce.<br />

4. SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES FOR PLANTS AND<br />

PLANT PRODUCTS<br />

The EU has developed a set of sanitary and phytosanitary measures which ensure<br />

human and plant health within the European Union. These requirements are laid down<br />

in the Council Directive No 2000/29 of May 8 2000. The EU phytosanitary measures<br />

also apply to certain plant products including some fruits and vegetables. Third country<br />

exporters are required to provide a Phytosanitary Certificate at the point of entry into<br />

the European Union. Therefore, it is essential for third country exporters of Fresh Fruits<br />

and Vegetables to comply with EU’s sanitary and phytosanitary measures for plants and<br />

plant products.<br />

Phytosanitary Certificate must be issued by the competent authority in the third<br />

country and must confirm that the exported agricultural products are not contaminated<br />

39

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi<br />

with harmful chemical contaminants or micro-organisms, which can cause harm to<br />

human or plant health and which are capable of carrying plant diseases. The model<br />

Phytosanitary Certificates are provided in the annex of the present publication.<br />

Conformity checks for phytosanitary requirements for plants and plant products<br />

are carried out by the inspection bodies of the EU Member States at point of entry into<br />

the European Union. Council Directive No 2000/29 of May 8, 2000 stipulates physical,<br />

documentary and identity checks of consignments of plants and plant products. If the<br />

inspection detects harmful organisms or plant diseases the exporters will be refused to<br />

enter the EU. In some cases the harmful plant and plant product consignments may be<br />

destroyed at the place of inspection.<br />

40<br />

5. FOOD SAFETY AND HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS OF THE<br />

EUROPEAN UNION<br />

Exports of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables to the EU market is subject to strict check of<br />

compliance with regard to EU food safety and hygiene requirements, such as restrictions<br />

on certain food additives, pesticide residues and chemical contaminants. Member States<br />

of the European Union decide where to carry out the official checks and random testing<br />

- at point of entry, distribution or retail sale.<br />

The EU food safety legislation is built on the Regulation of the Council and<br />

Parliament No 178/2002 of January 22, 2002, which stipulates that all imported food<br />

shall comply with EU food safety stan<strong>da</strong>rds. Under this regulation, food business<br />

operator (i.e. importer) is responsible for traceability of the food exported to the EU,<br />

which means that the importer should be able to provide all necessary information about<br />

the primary production and post harvest handling of the produce in order to satisfy EU<br />

food safety requirements. If the importer has a reasonable concern about the quality of<br />

the food imported in the EU the importer should inform relevant authorities and the<br />

food must be withdrawn from the EU market.<br />

Last chapter of this publication provides general hygiene requirements for<br />

primary production of food, which are also applicable to growing and harvesting of<br />

fruits and vegetables. This chapter also describes relevant EU rules on microbiological<br />

contamination, chemical contaminants, pesticides approved for use in the EU and those<br />

which are banned, also harmonised Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) for pesticides<br />

and food additives.

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi

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<strong>mesame</strong> <strong>qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>evrokavSiris</strong> <strong>bazarze</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>xilisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi