XXX respublikuri dialeqtologiuri respublikuri dialeqtologiuri ...

arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis 

instituti 

SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti 

XXX 

respublikuri dialeqtologiuri 

samecniero sesia 

2010 wlis 19-20 noemberi 

baTumi 

muSaobis gegma da moxsenebaTa 

m a s a l e b i 

s x d o m i s g a x s n a 

m i s a l m e b a n i 

m u S a o b i s g e g m a 

19 noem 

embe 

beri 

ri, 11 saaTi 

I sxdoma 

sxdomis TavmJdomareebi: g. gogolaSvili, m. faGava 

1. T. u T u r g a i Z e, gansxvavebul modelTa unifikacia samwerlobo 

qarTulsa da dialeqtebSi 

2. a. a r a b u l i, dialeqturi leqsikis Tematuri (budobrivi) 

kooptaciis principi `sityvis konis~ mixedviT 

3. m. f a G a v a, Zveli qarTuli leqsika samxrul kiloebSi 

4. m. m i q a Z e, imerizmebis adgilisaTvis Teimuraz lanCavas 

SemoqmedebaSi 

5. T. g o g o l a Z e, dialeqturi leqsika da mwerali 

6. T. b o l q v a Z e, dialeqturi leqsika `qarTuli enis saunjis 

masalaSi~ (ìveria~, 1900) 

7. r. g e r s a m i a, S 1 piris nulovani alomorfis fonologiuri 

poziciebis gansazGvrisaTvis megrulSi 

8. m. b a r a m i Z e, SavSuri dialeqtis leqsikidan 

9. n. y o x o n e l i Z e, kakab-sityvis omonimuri calebis warmomavlobisaTvis 

qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi 

10. m. s a G l i a n i, erTi uZvelesi svanuri sakulto terminis 

(…iTin/-uTin/iTin/ˆTin/ˆTin/lˆTin) Sesaxeb 

11. n. x a x i a S v i l i, sityva mzesTan dakavSirebuli xatovani 

sityva-Tqmani 

Tbilisi 

2010 

3

II sxdoma 

19 noemberi, 15 saaTi 

sxdomis TavmJdomareebi: T. uTurgaiZe, S. futkaraZe 

III sxdoma 


sxdomis TavmJdomareebi: v. Sengelia, i. CantlaZe 

1. i. C a n t l a Z e, ganusazRvrelobiT da uaryofiT nacvalsaxelTa 

funqciur-formobrivi mimarTebisaTvis qarTuli enis 

dasavlur dialeqtebSi 

2. S. f u t k a r a Z e, e. f u t k a r a Z e, m. r i J v a Z e, sofel 

gevlis metyvelebis Taviseburebani 

3. v. S e n g e l i a, viTarebiTi zmnisarTis paraleluri formebi 

megrulSi 

4. n. o T i n a S v i l i, sofel TiRvis onomastikoni 

5. o. m e m i S i S i, reduplikacia lazurSi 

6. q. m a r g i a n i - s ub a r i, pirobiT-SedegobiTi zmnuri formebi 

svanurSi da maTi semantikuri mimarTeba Zveli qarTulisa 

da mTis dialeqtis monacemebTan 

7. e. g i u n a S v i l i, iranuli elementebis kvlevisaTvis fereidnulSi 

8. c. n a r a k i Z e , lazuri saleqsikono masala 

9. n. S a v r e S i a n i, erTgvargaremoebiani Serwymuli winadadebebi 

svanurSi 

10. c. J a n J G a v a, megruli koCi `kaci~ nawarmoeb leqsikur er- 

TeulebSi 

11. n. J o r b e n a Z e, dialeqtizmebi sasaubro metyvelebaSi (internet-masalis 

safuZvelze) 

1. m. q a m a d a Z e, -ian- sufiqsiT gaformebuli gvarebi ayaraSi 

2. j. f e i q r i S v i l i, r. s a G i n a Z e, e. d a d i a n i, imeruli 

dialeqtis Seswavlis istoriisaTvis (axali saleqsikono 

masala) 

3. T. v a S a k i Z e, dialeqtizmebi _ rogorc poetur-stilistikuri 

xerxi muxran mayavarianis SemoqmedebaSi 

4. m. G l o n t i, ufal-is da GmerT-is leqsikur-semantikuri 

arCevanisaTvis qarTul dialeqtebSi 

5. m. C u x u a, vnebiTobis s.-qarTv. -av niSani da misi SesatKvisi 

zanurSi 

6. m. c i n c a Z e, paraleluri formebi SavSeTis qarTul metKvelebaSi 

(fonetika) 

7. n. f a r t e n a Z e, zmniswinTa monacvleoba da damatebiTi 

funqciebi samxrul metKvelebaSi 

8. n. f u t k a r a Z e, -d-eb-a da i-/e---eb-a struqturis zmnebi 

ayarulSi 

9. e. S e n g e l i a, megrul-lazuri milocva-dalocvis formulebisa 

da frazeologizmebis analizisaTvis 

10. T. b u r y u l a Z e, iSviaTi sintaqsuri konstruqciis Sesaxeb 

mTis kiloebSi 

11. g. g v a n c e l a Z e, nasaxelar zmnaTa, masdarTa da mimGeoba- 

Ta semantikuri cvlilebani zemoimeruli kilokavis monacemTa 

mixedviT 

4 

5

IV sxdoma 


sxdomis TavmJdomareebi: a. arabuli, m. miqaZe 

1. g. g o g o l a S v i l i, -h da -s prefiqsebi Tanamedrove qar- 

Tuli enis dialeqtebSi 

2. n. s u r m a v a, Cveneburebis metKveleba rogorc sociolingvisturi 

kvlevis obieqti 

3. e. f u t k a r a Z e, xatovani sitKva-Tqmani `Cveneburebis qar- 

Tulis~ mixedviT 

4. S. g a b e s k i r i a, kvlav dialeqtizmebis sakiTxisaTvis SoTa 

rusTavelis poemaSi 

5. m. b u k i a, nasesxebi zedsarTavebi megrul-lazurSi 

6. e. b e r i Z e, qristianuli salocavebi da toponimebi nigalis 

(livanis) xeobaSi 

7. m. k a k a C i a, q. m a r g i a n i, m. J G a r k a v a, qarTvelur 

ena-kiloTa leqsikonis SedgenisaTvis 

8. x. K a n d a S v i l i, mravalgzisobis gamoxatva kaxur dialeqt- 

Si 

9. l. g i g l e m i a n i, adgilis zmnisarTebi svanur dialeqtebSi 

10. n. f o n i a v a, CxorowKus raionis sofel yoGis toponimiidan 

a v T a n d i l a r a b u l i 

(Tbilisi. arn. Ciqobavas sax. enaTmecnierebis instituti) 

dialeqturi leqsikis Tematuri (budobrivi 

budobrivi) 

kooptaciis principi `sit 

sitKvis konis~ mixedviT 

rogorc cnobilia, sulxan-saba orbelianis `sityvis konis~ 

erT-erT mTavar Rirsebas warmoadgens is Tematuri (semantikuri) 

budeebi, romelTa agebuleba ZiriTadad gvareobriv-saxeobriv 

safuZvelzea damyarebuli da romelTa Sesadgenadac leqsikografs, 

sruliad aSkaraa, gansakuTrebuli kvleva-Zieba Cautarebia 

rogorc werilobiTi wyaroebis, ise cocxali metyvelebis 

kilouri qvesistemebis doneze. 

amgvar budeTa ZiriTadi Tavisebureba is aris, rom, rogorc 

masala warmoaCens, am SemTxvevaSi semantikuri velis agebis 

principi arsebiTad ar cnobs droulsa da sivrcul sazRvrebs 

da qarTuli enis leqsikur saganZurs erT mTlianobad 

moiazrebs. 

saqme is aris, rom romelime semantikuri veli imdenadve 

aris ganviTarebuli anu diferencirebuli, ramdenadac aris 

ganviTarebuli is Tematuri are (dargobrivi mikrosfero, cnebiTi 

mikrosistema...), romelsac mocemuli veli asaxavs. 

am velis optimalur sqematur gamoxatulebas warmoadgens 

tradiciuli wre, romlis sivrce SeiZleba dayofili iyos N 

raodenobis segmentad _ imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ramdenad 

aris diferencirebuli konkretuli semantikuri veli, anu ramdeni 

damoukidebeli leqsikuri erTeuli qmnis am vels, rogorc 

semantikur sistemas. amdenad, amgvar velSi `carieli adgili~ 

pirobiTi cnebaa. Tu ara Cans romelime ùjra~ konkretuli 

enis farglebSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, arc aklia, da Tu arsebobs, 

Warbi ar aris. `metoba-nakleboba~ SeiZleba mxolod meore 

enasTan SepirispirebiT an erTi enis ori (an meti) qvesistemis 

SejerebiT gamoCndes. 

rac mTavaria: sulxan-sabas koncefciiT, velis es Sida mowesrigeba 

(`Sevseba~) ar asaxavs mxolod enis romelime erTi 

qvesistemisa da am qvesistemis sinqroniis dones; piriqiT, leq- 

6 

7

sikur-semantikuri bude aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT principulad 

diasistemuria da diaqroniuli. 

magaliTisaTvis SeiZleba aviRoT `Tovl-~ semantemis leqsikuri 

bude. es erTi saleqsikono statiac naTlad warmoaCens 

sulxan-sabas ZiriTad leqsikografiul princips, anu imas, Tu 

raoden didi Sroma `dauc~ leqsikografs Sesabamisi leqsikuri 

erTeulebis gamosakrebad (erTad `mosakrebad~) qarTuli enis 

centralur (aqtiur) Tu ganmxoloebul saunjeTagan. 

8 

Tovli 

(3, 70 daniel) ra wvimas zamTars civi haeri 

Se(h)xudebis, SeaToebs da damocviva. aramed Tovlica esreT 

ganiyofebian: rameTu pirvel zamTrisa ra Ramis sicivema 

cvari SeaToos, uƒmoben T r T‚ l s a; xolo pirvel 

daTovasa vidre miwaTa gaTeTrebamde uwoden y a p s a: 

da Tu daTova terfamde da meti misi, igi ars f i f q i; 

da misi umetesi T o v l a d saxel-idebis; ukeTu Tovli 

wvimanarevi iyos, W y a p s uwoden, da Tovliansa nislsa 

- b u r s a; Tuca burisa mier xeni Seiyinen, igi ars 

W i r x l i; ukeTu xeTa zeda Tovli dadga, ewodeba x u- 

r x l i; qariansa Tovlsa ewodebis b u q i; qarisagan axvetilsa 

adgilsa hqvian x i a w i; da sada Tovli nabuqi 

Segrovda, mas - n a n q e r i; Tuca Sembali Tovli Seyina, 

ewodeba b z a r i; da ra bzari mzema Sealbo, ewodeba 

l e R m a; mciresa fifqsa bzar-qmnilsa - a r x i l i; ra 

Tovli aWreldes, igi ars l i l o; Tuca Tovlisa simravle 

mTam veRar itvirTa da Camoizvla, igi ars S v a v i. 

am 16 leqsikur erTeuls CD da E redaqciebSi kidev emateba 

ori _ zvavi 

vi da lanqe 

qeri 

ri: da Tuca gazafxul Tovli Seyinebuli 

Camoizvla, mas uwoden 

z v a v s a; da Tovlis(a) nadnobsa wyalsa l a n q e r s a 

uwoden. 

zvavi 

vi rom am budeSi ara ZiriTadi, aramed periferiuli 

leqsikur-semantikuri sistemidan moxvda, es Cans iqidan, rom 

sabas misi ZiriTadi mniSvneloba mxolod ZvelqarTuliseuli 

aqvs naCvenebi: zuavi 

(zvavi CDE) (+24, 1 iob.) uzomo(d) dodo, 

gina gvami. zvavis 

vis is mniSvneloba, romelic `Tovl-~ budis da- 

matebiT redaqciebSi Cans, aseve gamoCndeba Svavis 

vis ganmartebis 

zog redaqciaSi: `fifqis zvavi~ (CqDE). 

amave dros, klasikuri periodis mwignobrobis ukve gamovlenili 

leqsikuri fondi gvaZlevs SesZleblobas vTqvaT, rom 

am budis sityvaTa umetesoba ama Tu im sametyvelo qvesistemas 

unda ekuTvnodes (ya 

yapi 

pi, bueri 

ri, xurxli 

xli, xiawi 

wi, arxi 

xili 

li...). es 

erTeulebi rom zepirmetyvelebis monacemTa SerCevis Sedegi 

iyo, amas cxadad warmoaCens leqsikonis redaqciebSi arsebuli 

fonetikuri variantebic ama Tu im leqsemisa: buri 

da bue- 

ri(E), yapi 

da yapyi 

1 (E). 

damatebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom es semantikuri bude TviT 

sabas leqsikoni-danve SeiZleba Seivsos, savaraudoa, periferiuli 

leqsemiT: Jatyi 

wyliani Tovli ZABCb. 

sulxan-sabaseuli principi leqsikonis budobrivi Sevsebisa, 

vfiqrobT, aris is gza, romliTac mtkice mecnieruli safuZveli 

eqmneba `qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonSi~ dargobrivi 

Sinaarsis leqsikis marTebulad SerCevis amocanas. 

m a i a b a r a m i Z e 

(baTumi. S. rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti) 

SavSuri dialeqtis leqsikidan 

ukanasknel wlebSi mopovebuli samxruli (istoriuli saqarTvelos 

mkvidrTa) metyvelebis nimuSebi saSualebas gvaZlevs 

am, leqsikurad da gramatikulad mravalmxriv saintereso masalaze 

dakvirvebisa da misi analizisa. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia Sav- 

SeTis mkvidrTa qarTuli metyveleba. 

bunebrivia, aRniSnuli kuTxis qarTul metyvelebaSi bevria 

Turquli sityva, romelTa paralelurad maTi qarTuli Sesatyvisebic 

dasturdeba. 

1 yapy- fuZes f. erTeliSvili yap- Ziris gaormagebis Sedegad miiCnevs. 

9

• zogierT qarTul sityvas cnobili, gavrcelebuli mniSvnelobis 

garda aqvs sxva mniSvnelobac, romelic qarTuli enis 

sxva kiloebSi jerjerobiT ar aris SeniSnuli. aseTebia: aweva 

va, 

gake 

keTe 

Teba 

ba, dawve 

wvena 

na, kiTxva 

Txva, mirTme 

rTmeva 

va, cocxlo 

cxloba 

ba, adga 

ga, Rori 

ri.. 

... 

• sityvis mniSvnelobas ganasxvavebs xmovani prefiqsi a-. 

Sdr.: cxel wyal Ca-a-sxam (baZgireTi); me?xarSvis, dergSi Cav-asxamT 

(xevwruli); iqSi Ca-a-sxam moxarSuls (ube); me Wadi’na 

Cavsxa (ube); kvereb davayenebT, memre Teqren (isev) CavsxamT sobaSi 

(RumelSi) da gamuacxobT iSte (CaqvelTa); uwin kecSi CavsxemdiT, 

iqSi CavsxemdiT (baZgireTi). saTaviso da sasxviso 

qcevis formebis mniSvneloba konteqstzea damokidebuli: puri’na 

Cevsxa... sobaSi’na Cavsxa (ustamisi); naCari (=cudi) benzini 

CegisxaT’na, gougeT (CaqvelTa), Sdr.: CevideT Wadi Cegisxa 

da gaWamoT (ube). 

• gafarToebulia mniSvneloba sityvisa RarWi 

Wi, romelic 

leqsikonebSi axsnilia rogorc vaJiSvili, am mniSvnelobis paralelurad 

es sityva ufro xSirad gamoiyeneba da mkvidrdeba 

saerTod bavSvis mniSvnelobiT, vaJiSvilis mniSvnelobiT mas 

enacvleba `biWi~: ori Tane RarWi yavs: erTi baƒala(=gogo), 

erTi biWi (CaqvelTa). oTxi Tane myavs RarWebi _ ori biWi, 

ori baƒala (ziosi). Tqven xojebi (=maswavleblebi) xarT universitetSi, 

RarWeb aswavliT, ara? (CaqvelTa). 

e T e r b e r i Z e 


qristianuli salocavebi da toponimebi i nigalis 

(livanis 

livanis) xeobaSi 

`Woroxis mdinaris aRmosavleTis kidezed aris arTvani, qalaqi. 

mcire mosaxleni arian vaWarni, da am arTvanis sanaxebiTurT, 

vidre erges sazRvramde, Woroxis xeobis imieri da 

amieri iwodebis liga 

ganis 

xeobad~ (vaxuSti). 

geografiuli TvalsazrisiT niga 

gali 

moqceulia mniSvnelovan 

arealSi. CrdiloeTiT igi ganiyofa karCxlis mTaTa sistemiT 

maWaxlisa da aWarisagan, aRmosavleTiT _ sakuTriv klarjeTisa 

da artanujisgan, samxreTiT _ taosagan, xolo saanalizo 

xeoba dasavleTiT ebjineba lazeTis qeds. rogorc Cans, nigali 

uZvelesi formaa. sonor bgeraTa substituciis gziT advilad 

SesaZlebelia nigalisagan ligalis miReba. dRes adgilze 

dasturdeba nigal 

gal-a, sadac -a sufiqss matoponimebeli funqcia 

aqvs. 

saintereso da mdidari masala moviZieT da CaviwereT samecniero 

eqspediciaSi yofnisas. toponimias yovelTvis didi mniSvneloba 

eniWeba ama Tu im qveynis istoriuli warsulis gasaazreblad 

da Sesaswavlad. rac meti dro gadis, miT ufro daviwyebas 

eZleva anda icvleba Zveli toponimebi, gansakuTrebiT makro 

da sakuTriv toponimebi. Cven mier fiqsirebuli masalis didi 

nawilis saxelwodeba, maTi forma Tu Sinaarsi dReisaTvis 

Secvlilia, magram, sabednierod, jer kidev SemorCenilia qarTuli, 

maT Soris qristianuli semantikis Semcveli toponimebi. 

xSiria iseTi toponimebi, romlebic mxolod namyoSi arsebobaze 

miuTiTeben (na 

naek 

ekle 

lesi 

siavi 

vi, naqi 

qilis 

lisva 

vari 

ri, naqi 

qili 

lisa 

savi 

da a. S.). 

aSkarad Cans, rom warsulSi am xeobaSi, saqarTvelos sxva 

mxareebis msgavsad, gansakuTrebuli pativiT moixsenieboda leqsema 

`wminda~. aq SexvdebiT Semdeg toponimebs: wvinda tatia 

tia, 

wminda mari 

rifeq 

feq, mamaw 

mawmin 

minda 

|| marvaw 

vawvin 

vinda 

da, iorgiw 

giwmin 

minda 

da, aseve 

ve: 

sayda 

ydari 

ri, ziare 

reTi 

Ti, mTava 

varan 

range 

gelo 

lo, jvari 

riqe 

qedi 

di, xati 

tilas 

lasRe 

Rele 

le, 

nadar 

darba 

baze 

zevi kvirike 

keTi 

Ti, xatik 

tikvor 

vordi 

da sxva. toponimTa umetesoba 

saTesebs, tyian adgilebsa da saZovrebs aRniSnavs. 

Cveni valia, kvlavac gulmodgined SevkriboT da yuradRebiT 

davamuSaoT saqarTvelos uZvelesi istoriisa Tu mSobliuri 

enis es Zvirfasi saunje uaxlesi digitalizebuli video-audio 

aparaturiT, raTa internetuli qselis saSualebiT rac 

SeiZleba droulad mivawodoT informacia Tanamedrove msoflios 

sxvadasxva kuTxeSi mcxovreb qarTvelebs (da ara marto maT). 

10 

11

T i n a T i n b o l q v a Z e 

(Tbilisi. iv. javaxiSvilis sax. saxelmwifo universiteti) 

dialeqturi leqsika `qarTuli enis saunJis 

masalaSi~ (ìveria 

iveria~, 

1900) 

moxsenebaSi ganxiluli iqneba, ram ganapiroba `qarTuli enis 

saunjis masalis~ Segroveba XIX-XX saukuneTa mijnaze da ra adgili 

ekava am masalaSi dialeqtur leqsikas. petre mirianaSvilis 

mowodebiT, 1900 wels ìveriam~ daiwyo anbanis rigze dalagebuli 

da ganmartebuli sityvebis beWdva, romelsac awvdidnen mas 

qarTveli inteleqtualebi da sityvis ostatebi. am masalaSi, 

romelic sulxan-saba orbelianisa da CubinaSvilis leqsikonebis 

Sevsebas isaxavda miznad, yvelaze didi nawili iyo dialeqturi 

leqsika ganmartebebiTa da sailustracio masaliT. 

dawvrilebiT iqneba warmodgenili, rogor xdeboda dialeqturi 

leqsikis SerCeva `qarTuli enis saunjis masalisTvis~, 

ra principebiT xdeboda maTi ganmarteba da dRes ra mniSvneloba 

aqvs am masalas qarTuli dialeqtologiisa da leqsikologiisTvis. 

ri, Wiri 

rili 

`Wreli~; kirmi 

mizi 

(< T. kirmizi) // mWiTa 

Ta, WiTa 

`wi- 

Teli~... xSirad ki mxolod nasesxebobis saxiT gvxvdeba: eSili 

// eSi 

eSili 

< T. yeşil `mwvane~; sari 

// sai < T. sari `yviTeli~... 

xSirad zedsarTavebi fonetikuri variantebis saxiTaa 

warmodgenili: beaTi 

// beTi 

// biaTi 

`cudi, warmoudgeneli, 

saSineli~ < T. bet; zae†i // zai†i `susti, uZluri, mWle~ < T. 

zaif; zava 

vali 

// zaval 

valli 

li ùbeduri, gaWirvebuli~ < T. zavalli. 

Tersi 

// Terci 

`Tarsi, cudi, ukuRmarTi~ < T. ters. 

lazurSi nasesxobaTa Soris ganvixilavT hibridul zedsarTavebs, 

sadac sazRvrulad gvxvdeba Turqulidan SeTvisebuli 

rengi 

`feri~ (< Turq. reng / renk `feri~: mTugiS 

giSren 

rengi 

`Tagvisferi, nacrisferi~, mtveriS 

riSren 

rengi 

`nacrisferi~, caS- 

rengi 

`cisferi~, Wubu 

buiS 

iSren 

rengi 

`wablisferi~., agreTve sxva kompozitebs, 

sadac Semadgeneli sityva Turqulia: xavi 

vi-gu 

guro 

roni 

àvgula~ 

berZnulidan aris nasesxebi atekne 

`berwi, uSvilo~, lazuri 

afiqsiT gaformebuli nose 

seri 

/ nosi 

siari 

/ Rnose 

seri 

`gonieri, 

Wkviani~... 

megrulSi nasesxebi zedsarTavebi naklebad gvxvdeba, Ziri- 

Tadad gvaqvs wina saukuneSi rusulidan SeTvisebuli leqsika: 

tiov 

ovni 

`bneli~ < rus. темный, liSni 

`zedmeti~ < rus. 

лишний, kareC 

reCni 

`yavisferi~ < rus. коричневый... 

m a n a n a b u k i a 


nasesxebi zedsarTavebi megrul-lazurSi 

lazurSi 

zedsarTavi saxelis kvlevam gvaCvena, rom megrul-lazurSi 

pirvelad zedsarTavTa Soris soliduri adgili aqvs daTmobili 

nasesxeb leqsikas. 

lazurSi ikveTeba Turqulidan nasesxobis dominanti, naklebad, 

magram mainc gvxvdeba berZnulidan SeTvisebuli leqsikuri 

erTeulebi. 

zogierTi Turquli sityva sakuTriv lazuri formis paralelurad 

aris warmodgenili: ala (< T. ala) // Were 

reli 

li, Wele 

le- 

12 

T e a b u r y u l a Z e 


iSviaTi sintaqsuri konstruqciis Sesaxeb 

mTis kiloebSi 

polipersonalur zmna-Semasmenlebian winadadebaSi zmna-Semasmenlebi 

sxvadasxva brunvaSi marTaven qvemdebares. es koordinaciis 

erT-erTi niSania. rodesac winadadebaSi ramdenime 

zmna-Semasmenelia erT qvemdebaresTan da isini gansxvavebulia 

gardamavlobisa da mwkrivis mixedviT, ra Tqma unda, qvemdebare 

13

yovelTvis erTsa da imave brunvaSi ar ewyoba. miRebuli TavlsazrisiT, 

aseT SemTxvevaSi qvemdebare imas uwevs angariSs, 

romeli zmna-Semasmenelic uaxloesia masTan. 

Tumca mTis dialeqtebSi gvxvdeba iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca 

gardauvali zmna-Semasmeneli polipredikatul winadadebaSi 

marTavs qvemdebares brunvaSi gardamavalis msgavsad. saqme exeba 

iseT SemTxvevebs, roca gardauval zmnasTan qvemdebare rogorc 

mosalodneli iyo ara saxelobiTSi, aramed moTxrobiT brunva- 

Si dgas: àm Rurbe 

belam 

wamovi 

vida 

da avsajaniSvilis qali iTxo- 

va~ (moxeuri, qarT. dialeqt. gv. 42); àm uxeirom 

wavi 

vida 

Tavis 

saxlisaken, xmali alagze dauSo 

So~ (mTiuluri, qarT. dialeqt. 

gv. 75); zogjer avdar 

darma 

mogos 

goswvris 

wvris, veRar davfar 

vfarcxav 

cxavdiT 

diTke 

ke~ 

(gudamayruli, qarT. dialeqt. gv. 83); `beb 

bebrebm 

eg raim 

SamRe 

mReri 

rian 

an, Zvelebi ityodi 

dian 

an~ (fSauri, qarT. dialeqt. gv. 

135) aseTi SemTxvevebi mTis sxvdasxva kiloebSi dadasturda. 

msgavsi tipi xSiria dasavlur kiloebSi, sadac zmnis 

gardauvaloba mniSvnelobis mxriv TandaTan qreba da qvemdebaresTan 

SeTanxmebis dros (namyo srulis jgufSi) igi gardamaval 

zmnebs misdevs. magram aRmosavlur kiloebSi zmnis gardauvaloba 

myaria da ucnauria aseTi sintaqsuri konstruqcia. 

gardauval zmnasTan qvemdebaris moTxrobiT brunvaSi mar- 

Tva aixsna gansakuTrebuli sintaqsuri konstruqciiT, sadac 

erTgvari pirobis dacvaa saWiro: `winadadeba unda iyos rTuli, 

Semdgari ori an meti winadadebisagan; qvemdebares unda 

eWiros gardauval da gardamaval zmnebs Soris adgili... (àdga 

biWsa da gamaeRviZa~; wavida qalma da Sastira sizmaras~). es 

movlena megruli enis niadagze unda iyos momxdari~ (v. Tofuria, 

1923). sxva mosazrebiT ki amis axsna mdgomareobs mezobel 

gardamaval zmna-SemasmenelTan qvemdebaris marTvis analogiaSi 

(g. rogava, 1980). 

Cvens masalebSi Cans, rom gardauval zmna-Semasmenlis mier 

qvemdebaris moTxrobiT brunvaSi marTva ara mxolod iseT SemTxvevebSi 

xdeba, roca qvemdebare gardauval da gardamaval 

zmnebs Sorisaa, aramed maSinac, roca polipersonalur winadadebaSi 

jer qvemdebarea da Semdeg gardauvali zmna-Semasmeneli. 

qvemdebare SeTanxmebulia ara uaxloes zmna-SemasmenelTan, aramed 

momdevno zmnasTan. 

14 

S a l v a g a b e s k i r i a 


kvlav dialeqtizmebis 

sakiTxisaTvis 

SoTa rusTavelis poemaSi 

miuxedavad imisa, rom ukve TiTqmis erTi saukunea, dileqtizmebi 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ kvlevis sagania, dGemde grZeldeba 

kamaTi imis Sesaxeb, SoTa rusTavelis mSobliuri kilo mesxuria 

Tu heruli. 

`vefxistyaosnis~ folkloruli memkvidreoba, xalxuri 

gadmocemebi, aGorZinebis periodis qarTvel mweralTa cnobebi 

genialuri poetis mesxurobis Tvalsazriss uWers mxars. 

moxsenebis avtoris azriT, ararusTvelurad miCneuli poemis 

epilogis is strofic rusTavels kuTvnis, romelSic poeti 

Tavis Tavs `vinme mesx meleqsed~ moixseniebs. 

rac ufro mniSvnelovania, `vefxistyaosnis~ avtoris 

mesxurobas mxars uWers poemis enis analizi: mesxur dialeqts 

rusTavelis epoqaSi urTierToba hqonda aGmosavlur enebTan, 

poemaSi dasturdeba armenizmebi, mravali orientalizmi, qar- 

Tveluri leqsikuri erTeulebi da sxva mezobel dialeqtebTan 

saziaro formebi. 

wamyvani arabul-sparsuli plastis garda poemaSi Turquli 

da monGoluri leqsikacaa gamoyenebuli. 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ dasavluri kiloebisaTvis niSandoblivi 

movlenebi gvxvdeba (arn. Ciqobava): 

nacvalsaxel misi-s xmareba `Tavisi~-s nacvlad; igi nacvalsaxelis 

xmareba msazGvreladac; aqa _ zmnisarTis nacvlad aqana-s 

xmareba, romelic aWarul, gurul da upiratesad qvemoimerulisTvisaa 

damaxasiaTebeli. gardauval orpirian zmnaTa 

TurmeobiT II-isa da kavSirebiT III-s sawarmoebelad -od sufiqsis 

gamoyeneba imeruli da guruli dialeqtebis msgavsad. awmyo 

drois fuZis sawarmoebeli -av-, -am- sufiqsebis namyo usrulSi 

-ev- sufiqsiT Canacvleba; anda e-s dakargva da i-s darTva, 

romelic sxvadasxva dialeqtisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, 

maT Soris aWarulis, gurulisa da zemo imerulisTvis. saxelis 

fuZeebis SeukumSveli formebiT xmareba; zanuri metyvele- 

15

idan momdinare es movlena qvemo imerulisTvisacaa damaxasia- 

Tebeli. 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ aris sityvebis jgufi, romelic im dialeqtebSic 

aris dadasturebuli, romlebTanac mesxurs hqonda 

istoriulad urTierToba: zemoaWaruli, imerxeuli, guruli, 

imeruli, javaxuri. mag.: kapan-i `kldovani, Znelad gasasvleli 

gza~, erT saxe _ erT caxe (guruli, imeruli), `cota, patara~ 

da sxv. 

zogierTi leqsikuri erTeuli mesxurs aqvs SemorCenili. 

mag.: nas-i `cudad gafuebuli comisgan gamomcxvari puri~. 

poemaSi svanurTan ziari sityvac gvxvdeba. saraj-i (`wylis 

mili~) Sdr. svanuri sarðg, `wyari~. 

rusTavelTan `samiznis~ mniSvnelobiT xmarebul sagan-s megrulSi 

ìsris~ mniSvneloba aqvs. 

`vefxistyaosnis~ dialeqtizmebze dakvirveba gvafiqrebinebs, 

rom SoTa rusTaveli mSobliuri dialeqti mesxuri iyo, rac 

mas didebul qmnilebaSic aisaxa. 

r u s u d a n g e r s a m i a 

(Tbilisi. ilias saxelmwifo universiteti) 

S 1 piris nulovani alomorfis fonologiuri 

poziciebis gansazGvrisaTvis megrulSi 

megrulis centraluri (xobi, Cxorowyu) da dasavluri 

(zugdidi, walenjixa, gali) arealis teqsturma masalam gamoavlina 

magaliTebi, roca S 1 -is v- morfema o-xmovnis win nulovani 

alomorfiTaa warmodgenili, xolo zmniswiniseuli xmovani o 

gadasulia u-Si, anu v- morfemis Semadgeneli o-v-o mimdevroba 

gardaqmnilia u-o'd: 

aRniSnul movlenasTan dakavSirebiT samecniero literaturaSi 

gamoTqmulia orgvari Tvalsazrisi: 1. v- ikargeba o-s 

win (e. dadiani, t. futkaraZe); 2. v- ar ikargeba. uo mimdevrobaSi 

ki ù ganixileba ov an vo (vo 

> u) segmentis monacvled~; 

16 

amasTan, -u CaTvlilia v-s tolfard funqciur odenobad _ S 1 - 

is v- morfemis alomorfad (l. ezugbaia). 

zemoaRniSnul Tvalsazrisebs axlavs ramdenime winaaRmdegoba 

da zogi sakiTxi saWiroebs dazustebas. moxsenebas aris 

cda, erTi mxriv, am winaaRmdegobaTa asaxsnelad da, meore 

mxriv, S 1 piris nulovani alomorfis fonologiuri poziciebis 

dasadgenad. 

megrulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli morfonologiuri gardaqmnebis 

Sedegad v-s dakargvis Semdeg Tavmoyrili oo mimdevroba 

gadadis a-Si (oo 

> a) (t. gudava, T. gamyreliZe), da ara u- 

Si, rac, Tavis mxriv, gamoricxavs uo mimdevrobis miRebas da 

ufro marTebul gzad warmoaCens o-v-o > u-v-o > uo gadasvlas 

zmniswiniseuli xmovnis disimilaciiT da gardaqmnis bolo 

safexurze v-s dakargviT: do-v-oTa 

oTasa 

safe 

> du-v-o-Ta 

Tasa 

safe 

> 

du-Ø-oTa 

oTasa 

safe 

`davaTesine~, qo-v-oZi 

oZiranq 

> qu-v-oZi 

oZiranq 

> qu- 

Ø-oZi 

oZiranq 

`vaCveneb, vanaxeb~; Sdr.: II da III piris formebi: da- 

Tasafe/u < *dooTasafe/u `daTese/a~; qaZiri/u < *qa 

qaaZiri/u < 

*qo 

qoaZiri/u < *qo 

qooZi 

Ziri 

ri/u `naxe/a~. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom ov- > u gadasvla megrulisaTvis 

ucxo ar aris (g. kartozia), igi naklebad savaraudoa, vinaidan 

axlavs winaaRmdegobebi. vo- > u gadasvlisaTvis ki xeli o-s 

funqciur Rirebulebas unda SeeSala. Sdr.: erTi mxriv, do- 

vofunu 

nuanq 

|| duvo 

vofu 

funu 

nuanq 

àvaduReb~ da, meore mxriv, do(v)u- 

funu 

nuanq 

|| dufu 

funu 

nuanq 

nq àvuduReb~. 

S 1 : v- > Ø gadasvla gvaqvs: 

1. labialuri u xmovnis wina poziciaSi (Sdr.: SenarCunebulia, 

Tu S 1 morfemis alomorfi u-s momdevnod aris gadasmuli. 

aRniSnuli sakiTxi specialur literaturaSi kargadaa Seswavlili). 

2. Tu zmnuri struqturis anlautSi mdgari funqciuri 

elementebi (zmniswinebi, mtkicebiTi da uaryofiTi nawilakebi) 

bolovdeba a an o-ze da esazRvreba S 1 piris v- morfemas: 

• uaryofiTi nawilaki: va-o-req 

< va-v-oreq 

àr var~, vao-oTanq 

oTanq < va-v-o-oTanq 

oTanq àr gadavagdeb / ar davkargav / ar vesvri~, 

va-o-rwyeq 

< va-v-o-rwyeq 

`ver vxedav~, va-o-Zi 

Ziranq 

< va-v- 

oZiranq 

àr vanaxeb~. 

17

mtkicebiTi nawilaki: qo-v-oZi 

oZiranq 

> qu-v-oZi 

oZiranq 

> qu-Ø- 

oZiranq 

`vaCveneb, vanaxeb~; qo-v-oSe 

oSeba 

bafu 

fuanq 

> qu-v-oSe 

oSeba 

bafu 

fuanq 

> qu-Ø-oSe 

oSeba 

bafu 

fuanq 

`vaSovnineb~.…… 

zmniswini: go-v-on 

onZgvi 

Zgviri 

rinu 

nuanq 

> gu-v-o-nZvi 

nZviri 

rinu 

nuanq 

> gu- 

Ø-on 

onZgvi 

Zgviri 

rinu 

nuanq 

`saxtad davtoveb~, go-v-oju 

ojuna 

nafu 

fuanq 

> gu-v- 

ojuna 

nafu 

fuanq 

> gu-Ø-oju 

ojuna 

nafu 

fuanq 

`davakocnineb~. 

amgvarad, megrulSi (dasavluri da centraluri arealis 

teqstebSi) S 1 -is alomorfad Ø- gvxvdeba: 

1. Tu S 1 morfemis alomorfi u-s momdevnod ar aris moqceuli; 

2. intervokalur poziciaSi, roca erT-erTi xmovani labialuria: 

a-Ø-o (< a-v-o); u-Ø-o (< u-v-o < o-v-o). 

g v a n c a g v a n c e l a Z e 


nasaxelar zmnaTa, masdarTa da mimGeobaTa 

semantikuri cvlilebani zemoimeruli 

kilokavis monacemTa mixedviT 

18 

1. enis leqsikuri fondis gamdidrebis erT-erTi farTod 

gavrcelebuli gza saxelebisagan zmnaTa, masdarTa da mimReoba- 

Ta warmoqmnaa. nasaxelar zmnebs, masdarebsa da mimReobebs mravali 

Tavisebureba axasiaTebs, magram Cveni mizania am jgufis 

sityvaTa semantikuri cvlilebebis analizi zemoimeruli kilokavis 

monacemTa safuZvelze. saanalizo masala aRebuli gvaqvs 

prof. qeTevan ZoweniZis mier Cawerili teqstebidan da misive 

`zemoimeruli leqsikonidan~. 

2. masalaze dakvirvebam saSualeba mogvca, gamogveyo sami 

pirobiTi jgufi: 

a. nasaxelar zmnas, masdars, an mimReobas maqsimalurad aqvs 

SenarCunebuli sayrdeni saxelis semantika da damatebiT iZens 

mcired niuanss, rasac ganapirobebs sityvis mniSvnelobaSi statikurobis, 

an dinamikurobis semantikis Setana. magaliTad: na- 

saxelari zmna gawiT 

wiTlda 

aRniSnavs sagnis mier wiTeli feris 

miRebas da mas ara aqvs zedsarTav saxel wiTel 

Tel-is mTavari 

mniSvnelobisagan daSorebuli semantika; mimReoba daoTxfe 

Txfexe 

xe- 

buli 

momdinareobs saxeluri sintagmisagan oTxi fexi 

xi. es sityva 

informators ase ganumartavs: `Calas ro SevkoniT, 4-5 

konas erTaT movangrovefT, davayenefT fexze da esaa daoTxfexeba~. 

imave saxeluri sintagmisagan momdinareobs nasaxelari 

zmna daaoT 

oTfe 

fexebs 

xebs. orive sityvis semantika Sors araa amosavali 

sintagmis mniSvnelobisagan, radgan TandebuldarTuli saxeli 

fexi 

rogorc samwignobro enaSi, ise zemoimerul kilokavSic 

farTod gamoiyeneba gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT: fexze 

daye 

yene 

neba 

iTqmis im saganzec, romelsac fexi realurad aqvs da 

iseT nivTzec (mag., Calis konaze), romelsac fexi ar moepoveba, 

magram dgomis unari aqvs; semantika gamokal 

kalmams 

zmnisa gulisxmobs 

`kalmisagan yanis gawmendas~ da mas uSualo kavSiri aqvs 

saxelTan kala 

lami 

mi... 

b. nasaxelari zmnis, masdaris, an mimReobis semantika sakmaod 

gansxvavdeba sayrdeni saxelis amosavali mniSvnelobisagan, 

magram or mniSvnelobas Soris logikur-asociaciuri kavSiri 

jer kidev SenarCunebulia. magaliTad: masdari abilike 

keba 

da 

zmna eibi 

bili 

likebs 

nawarmoebia bili 

liki 

saxelisagan. nasaxelari 

masdari aRniSnavs `gagdeba~-s, xolo nasaxelari zmnis mniSvnelobaa 

`gaagdebs~. ra Tqma unda, meoreuli mniSvnelobebi Sorsaa 

amosavali saxeluri semantikisagan, magram maT Soris logikur-asociaciuri 

kavSiri jerac sagrZnobia: adamianis, an cxovelis 

gagdeba bilikze iZulebiT gadayvaniTac SesaZlebelia; ase- 

Tive viTarebaa zemoimerul nasaxelar gamokal 

kalma masdaris SemTxvevaSic, 

romelic ase ganimarteba: `gamoqna kalmis naxaziviT 

wvrilad~ (warbebisa) (Sdr. zemoT dasaxelebuli zmna gamo- 

kalmams 

mams)... 

g. nasaxelari zmnis, masdaris, an mimReobis semantika radikalurad 

gansxvavdeba sayrdeni saxelis amosavali mniSvnelobisagan. 

am jgufSi xSiria SemTxvevebi, roca nasaxelari sityvis 

semantikasa da am sityvis sayrdeni saxelis semantikas Soris 

kavSiri Zneli mosaxelTebelia da sagangebo Ziebas moiTxovs. 

aseTebia, magaliTad: gagvri 

gvritu 

tuli 

`gawmendili, gasufTavebuli, 

galamazebuli~ (sayrdeni saxelia gvriti 

ti), gamoifu 

fure 

reba 

`gamo- 

19

ibuzeba, gamoituzeba~ (sayrdeni saxelia furi 

ri), gaWre 

Wrele 

lebu 

buli 

`vinc ayovnebs, aWianurebs gadawyvetilebis miRebas~ (sayrdeni 

saxelia Wreli 

li)... 

l e l a g i g l e m i a n i 


adgilis zmnisarTebi svanur dialeqtebSi 

1. ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÄÍÉÓ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉÀ ÀÃÂÉËÉÓ ÆÌÍÉ- 

ÓÀÒÈÄÁÉÓ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÀÃ, ÉÓÄ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÉÈ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÖËÉ 

ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÄÁÉ. 

ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÄÍÉÓ ÚÅÄËÀ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ, ÌÄÂÒÖË-ËÀÆÖÒÉÓ ÌÓÂÀÅ- 

ÓÀÃ, ÃÀÌÀáÀÓÉÀÈÄÁÄËÉÀ ÜÅÄÍÄÁÉÈ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÈÀ ÃÀ ÀÃÂÉËÉÓ ÆÌÍÉ- 

ÓÀÒÈÈÀ ÏÒßÄÅÒÉÀÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÄÌÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÛÉÝ ÐÉÒÅÄË ÐÉÒÈÀÍ ÓÉÀáËÏÅÉÓ 

ÀÙÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÉ ÓÉÔÚÅÀ ( ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉ, ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÉ) ÖÐÉÒÉÓÐÉÒÃÄÁÀ ÌÄ- 

ÏÒÄ ÃÀ ÌÄÓÀÌÄ ÐÉÒÈÀÍ ÓÉÀáËÏÅÉÓ ÀÙÌÍÉÛÅÍÄË ÓÉÔÚÅÀÓ ( ÛÄÓÀÁÀÌÉ- 

ÓÀÃ_ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÓ, ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÓ). 

2. ÀÌÄ `ÀØ~ ÐÉÒÅÄË ÐÉÒÈÀÍ ÓÉÀáËÏÅÄÓ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÀÅÓ. ÀÌÄ-Ó ÐÀÒÀ- 

ËÄËÖÒÀÃ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÚÅÄËÀ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÛÉ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖËÀÃ 

ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÖËÉ ÀÌÄÜÖ. ÜÖ ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓÀÅÄ ÆÌÍÉÓßÉÍ-ÈÀÍÃÄÁÖË 

ÜÖ-Ó ÖÊÀÅÛÉÒÃÄÁÀ. 

ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉ áÛÉÒÉÀ ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÀÃ ÈÖ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖËÀÃ ÂÀÍ- 

ÓáÅÀÅÄÁÖËÉ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉ: ÁÀËÓÆÄÌÏÖÒÉ ÀÌÄÜîÍ, ËÀÛáÖÒÉ ÀÌÄÜîÍÄÍ (ÀÌÄ- 

ÜÖÍÄÍ); ÀÌÀÜÖ, ÀÌÀÜÖËÀ ÃÀ ÀÌÏÜÖ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÉ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÉÓÈÅÉÓ 

ÃÀÌÀáÀÓÉÀÈÄÁÄËÉ ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÄÁÉÀ (Â. ÊÀàÀÒÀÅÀ). 

ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÛÉ ÃÀÃÀÓÔÖÒÄÁÖËÉ ÀÌÄÂ `ÀØ" ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÉ È. ÛÀÒÀ- 

ÞÄÍÉÞÄÓ ÒÈÖËÉ ÛÄÃÂÄÍÉËÏÁÉÓÀÃ ÌÉÀÜÍÉÀ. 

ÀÌÏá `ÀØ" ËÄÍÔÄáÖÒÉ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÃÀÌÀáÀÓÉÀÈÄÁÄËÉ ÆÌÍÉ- 

ÓÀÒÈÉÀ,ÒÏÌÄËÓÀÝ ÀÃÂÉËÉÓ ÀÙÍÉÛÅÍÀÓÈÀÍ ÄÒÈÀÃ, ÌÉÌÀÒÈÖËÄÁÉÓ 

ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÅÀÝ ÛÄÖÞËÉÀ. 

ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÉ ÀÌÄØÀ `ÀØ", `ÀÌÀÆÄ", ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÜÅÄÍÄÁÉÈ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄË 

ÀÌÄ-ÆÄ -ØÀ ÈÀÍÃÄÁÖËÉÓ ÃÀÒÈÅÉÈ ÀÒÉÓ ÌÉÙÄÁÖËÉ, ÂÀÅÒÝÄËÄÁÖËÉÀ 

ÁÀËÓÆÄÌÏÖÒÛÉ, ËÀÛáÖÒÓÀ ÃÀ ËÄÍÔÄáÖÒÛÉ. 

20 

3. ÄÜÄ `ÌÀÍÃ", `ÉØ" ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÉ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÌÄÓÀÌÄ, ÉÓÄ ÌÄÏÒÄ ÐÉÒÈÀÍ 

ÌÚÏ×ÏÁÀÓ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÀÅÓ. ÄÜÄ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÚÅÄËÀ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÛÉ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ; ÌÀÓ- 

ÆÄ ÌÄÔÉ ÓÉáÛÉÒÉÈ ÂÀÌÏÉÒÜÄÅÀ ÄÜÄÜÖ `ÉØ" ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÉ. ËÄÍÔÄáÖÒÛÉ 

ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉÀ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖËÀÃ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÖËÉ ÄÜÀÍÜÖ, ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏ- 

ÖÒÛÉ ÄÜÈÄÜÖ, ÄÜÄÜÏ, ÄÜÄÉËÀ, ÄÜÄÜÖËÀ... 

ÄÜÄÂ `ÉØ" ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÓÐÄÝÉ×ÉÊÖÒÉ ×ÏÒÌÀÀ, ÄÜÏá `ÉØ" 

ÊÉ _ ËÄÍÔÄáÖÒÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ. 

4. ÓáÅÀ ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÉÝ (`ÆÄÌÏÈ", `ØÅÄÌÏÈ", `ÛÉÂÍÉÈ", `ÂÀÒÄÈ", 

`ßÉÍ", `ÖÊÀÍ", `ÌÀÒãÅÍÉÅ", `ÌÀÒÝáÍÉÅ", `ÀØÄÃÀÍ", `ÉØÉÃÀÍ" ÃÀ ÓáÅÀ) ÓÅÀ- 

ÍÖÒ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉ ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÄÁÓ ÂÅÉÜÅÄÍÄÁÄÍ. 

ÃÀÓÊÅÍÉÓ ÓÀáÉÈ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÀÙÉÍÉÛÍÏÓ, ÒÏÌ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÀÃÂÉËÉÓ 

ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÉ ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÖËÏÁÉÈ ÂÀÌÏÉÒÜÄÅÀ (ÉÂÖËÉÓáÌÄÁÀ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ 

ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉ ÀÒÓÄÁÖËÉ ÌÒÀÅÀË×ÄÒÏÅÍÄÁÀ, ÉÓÄ ÄÒÈÉ ÃÉ- 

ÀËÄØÔÉÓ ×ÀÒÂËÄÁÛÉ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ ÐÀÒÀËÄËÖÒÉ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉ). 

e l e n e g i u n a S v i l i 

(Tbilisi. g. wereTlis aGmosavleTmcodneobis instituti) 

iranuli elementebis kvlevisaTvis fereidnulSi 

fereidnuli kilo unikaluria sxva qarTvelur kiloebs 

Soris, radgan mowyvetilia mSobliur garemos, monaTesave koloebs, 

saliteraturo enas da mainc ganagrZobs arsebobas 

oTxi saukunis ganmavlobaSi. fereidnulis mixedviT SesaZlebelia 

`gaviTvaliswinoT, Tu ra saxes miiRebs qarTuli metyveleba 

ucxo enobriv wreSi moqceuli, rogor gaiSleba misi imanenturi 

yofis tendenciebi da rogor moqmedebs masze ucxo 

enobrivi garemo~ (a. Ciqobava). 

ucxo enobrivi gavlenebi fereidnulze ganekuTvneba interferenciis 

rTul saxeobas, romelic moicavs misi enobrivi sistemis 

yvela dones (fonologias, morfologias, sintaqss da 

sxv.). 

metad sainteresoa iranuli nasesxobebis kvleva fereidnulSi. 

dReisaTvis arsebuli teqstobrivi masalis mixedviT Se- 

21

saZlebelia iranuli (anu, sakuTris sparsuli, sparsul-arabuli 

da sxva iranuli dialeqtebidan momdinare) leqsikis sistemuri 

Seswavla da misi, rogorc sakuTriv fereidnulisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli SeTvisebis dinamizmis _ morfo-fonologiuri 

adaptaciebis, gramatikuli gaformebis, semantikuri cvlilebebis 

gamovlena. 

moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia saliteraturo qarTulTan SedarebiT 

fonetikurad da semantikurad gansxvavebuli iranuli 

leqsemebis (Sdr. fereid. fasoxi, qarT. pasuxi, fereid. qa- 

Razebi _ `werilebi~, qarT. qaRaldi; fereid. xaiSi _ `Txovna~, 

qarT. xoSi) da aseve iranuli kalkebisa da naxevrad kalkebis 

distribuciuli analizi fereidnulSi. 

g i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l i 


-h da -s prefiqsebi Tanamedrove qarTuli 

enis dialeqtebSi 

qarTuli enis istoriis manZilze subieqturi meore da 

obieqturi mesame piris gamoxatvas sirTule da problemebi 

KovelTvis axlda. es sirTule ver gaamartiva axal qarTulSi 

saliteraturo enis normaTa dadgenam; Tanamedrove qarTulis 

viTareba gacilebiT ufro rTulia, vidre odesme iKo. mxedvelobaSi 

gvaqvs saliteraturo enisa da dialeqtebis viTareba; 

gansakuTrebiT am ukanasknelisa. Cven SevecadeT saerTo sura- 

Tis daxatvas dialeqtologiuri samecniero literaturis mixedviT. 

monacemTa sizusteze, cxadia, pasuxs am SemTxvevaSi ama 

Tu im dialeqtis mkvlevari agebs, vis naSromebsac vemKarebiT. 

orgvar sqemas warmovadgenT: erTSi mocemulia variantebi 

S 2 O 3 prefiqsebisa da maTi gavrcelebis are; meore sqemaSi am 

variantTa damadasturebeli magaliTebi mogvKavs. 

22 

I s q e m a: 

Ø h s z S j x G h s x z S † 

qarTl. + + + + + + + + + 

kax. + + + + + + + + 

ing. + + + + + + 

fereid. + + + 

xevs. + + + + + + + + 

mTiul. + + + 

mox. + + + + + + + + 

TuS. + + + + + + + + 

fS. + + + + + + + + + + 

Jav. + + + + + + + 

ayar. + + + + + + 

imer. + + + + 

gur. + + + + 

leCx. + + + + + 

ray. + + + + 

klarJ. + + + 

garda amisa, kaxurSi, ingiloursa da ayarulSi dadasturebulia 

hx, hS da hs variantebi; moxeursa da JavaxurSi _ hx. 

II s q e m a: 

magaliTebi (vasaxelebT ramdenime SemTxvevas ama Tu im dialeqtidan): 

Ø 

h 

s 

z 

S 

j 

x 

G 

 

h 

s 

x 

akeTeb, aSeneb, ukeTeb, uSeneb... kiTxa, miwera (imer.) 

gahKva, mohkvdomia... vhfqovdiT (mox.) ahtkivda (ayar.) 

sZinavs, swKdeba, Seswevda, gasTavebia.. 

movzJardiT (xevs.), zdgebi (kax.), gadazdisa (qarTl.) 

moSyra, gaSyirebia (qarTl.), SeSyamTo (kax.), gaSCexa (ayar.) 

jJobnia, dajJerda (ayar.), jJGvlems (TuS.), dajJerdan (xevs.) 

daxfaraven (xevs.), davxpatije (mox.), xparavs, xqonda (TuS.), axkidebs 

(ayar.) 

waGlalavs (xevs.), gavGlesT (mox.), Gnaxidi (TuS.) 

wabrZandebi, adgebi (kax.), daTanxmda, dakiTxa (qarTl.) 

ahKva, gahkra (qarTl.), CahKo (kax.), dahfqavden (fS.) 

daswvda, waswKvita (qarTl.), daswverT (kax.) 

xKav, xƒocden, xƒnavda, gdaxKoliKo (fS.) 

23

z 

S 

24 

gamazZaxs (fS.) 

daSyKivla, SaSyams, daSyriden (fS.) 

† ga†fxek (← gahfxek) (mox.) 

hs 

hS 

hx 

mihsca, avhswoneviT, avhswie (ayar.), mivhscem (ing.) 

SehSyamda, gahSyra, dahSyirdeba (ayar.), mohSyra (ing.) 

CahxKves, mihxvda (ayar.), hxKidi, dahxxura (ingil.) 

sul dadasturebulia 18 fonetikuri varianti. Kvelaze 

meti kaxur dialeqtSia warmodgenili (cxadia, kilokauri 

TvalsazrisiTac aris sxvaoba, magram Cven amJerad amas ver 

gamovedevnebiT); Kvelaze naklebi varianti klarJulSi gvaqvs 

(esec SeiZleba imiT aixsnes, rom es dialeqti, Tu dialeqtTa 

Jgufi SedarebiT naklebadaa Seswavlili). 

oriode SeniSvna: h- da s- prefiqsebis Semdeg Kvelaze met 

dialeqtSi x- prefiqsia warmodgenili (Cven aq ar vgulisxmobT 

x-ar 

da x-val 

/ x-ved 

zmnebs _ x- prefiqsi am zmnebSi qarTuli 

enis istoriis Kvela etapze dasturdeba). veTanxmebiT im 

azrs, rom am SemTxvevaSi x- iseTive fonetikuri procesebis Sedegia, 

rogorc sxva variantebi. 

da kidev: Zveli qarTulis ZeglebSi dasturdeba ormagi 

gamoxatva pirisa. rogorc Cans, es variantic qarTuli saliteraturo 

enis ganviTarebis mTel manZilze gvxvdeba: saSual 

qarTulSi sakmaod mravladaa; XIX saukuneSic (ilias enaSic) 

da, rogorc vxedavT, dGevandel dialeqtebSic (hs, hS, hx). is 

faqti, rom saSuali qarTulis monacemi orTografiis problemad 

moiazreba, SeiZleba eyvqveS daaKenos swored dialeqturma 

monacemebma: dialeqtebSi dadasturebuli ormagi prefiqsebi 

ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos orTografiuli aGrevis Sedegad... 

dabolos, subieqturi meore da obieqturi mesame piris 

niSnebi mraval kiTxvas aGZraven... sagangebo kvlevaa sayiro am 

kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad... 

T a m i l a g o g o l a Z e 

(gori. saswavlo universiteti) 

dialeqturi leqsika da mwerali 

1. saukuneTa manZilze enaSi axali sityvebis Semosvlisa 

Tu misi damkvirdebis process, upirvelesad, mwerali amCnevda, 

Tvalyurs adevnebda. dReisaTvis es sakiTxi TiTqmis miyurisZirebulia. 

amitom saWiroa da sayuradRebo 1922 wels Jurnal 

`lomisSi~ konstantine gamsaxurdias patara werili àxali sityvebi~ 

2. k. gamsaxurdia Jurnal `xomaldis~ `mebibliografis~ 

gancxadebis sapasuxod, SeniSnavs, rom mas abraleben barbarizmebis 

Semotanas saliteraturo qarTulSi. paTosi am werilisa 

mxolod braldebis gabaTilebas ar isaxavs miznad, piriqiT, igi 

saliteraturo enis leqsikuri gamdidrebis gzebis Ziebiskenaa 

mimarTuli. mwerali mowadinebulia gandevnos qarTuli enidan 

ìs zedmeti balasti~, romelic saukuneebis gavleniT, masSi 

`Calekila~. paralelurad k. gamsaxurdia ayenebs ènis reparaciis~ 

aucileblobas àdgilobriv dialeqtebis leqsikis saSualebiT~. 

3. mwerali cdilobs aCvenos, rogor xdeboda saukuneTa 

manZilze barbarizmebis Semosvla-damkvidreba jer indoeT-sparseTidan, 

Semdeg ki—rusulidan. avtori SeniSnavs, rom kidev 

didi droa saWiro qarTuli enis ùkulturo barbarizmebis 

dasaxvewad~. 

4. k. gamsaxurdias azriT, bevri axali sityvis damkvidrebisaTvis 

`dauSreteli idiomuri auzia~ berZnul-laTinuri enebi, 

anu igi faqtiurad ayenebs saerTaSoriso sityvebis aqedan 

damkvidrebas enaSi. magram aqve enis gamdidrebis yvelaze uke- 

Tes saSualebad avtori miiCnevs dialeqturi leqsikidan (gansakuTrebiT 

megrul-svanuri da fSav-xevsuruli kiloebidan) 

moZiebuli sityvebis Semotanis aucileblobas, rac mwerlis 

prerogativaa, romelsac k. gamsaxurdia àxali sityvebis mayrebs~ 

uwodebs. 

5. sadReisod metad mwvaved dgas saliteraturo qarTulSi 

barbarizmebisa Tu dialeqturi leqsikidan Semotanis sakiTxi. ra- 

25

dio-televizia, bulvaruli presa Tu, saerTod, qarTuli Jurnal-gazeTebi, 

saSiSad anagvianeben qarTul enas usistemo, stiqiuri, 

modis gavleniT Semotanili sityvebiT. aRniSnul sakiTxebze 

mxolodRa enaTmecnierebi msjeloben, Zveli Tu axali Taobis 

mwerlebi ki `nergaven~, stiluri specifikis sababiT, barbarizmebs, 

dialeqtizmebs, vulgarizmebs. am TvalsazrisiT asi wlis winaT 

mwerlisa da moqalaqis k. gamsaxurdias patara werili àxali 

sityvebi~ metad saWirboroto mniSvnelobas iZens. 

T a m a r v a S a k i Z e 


dialeqtizmebi _ rogorc poetur-stilistikuri 

xerxi muxran maWavarianis SemoqmedebaSi 

muxran mayavarians gamorCeulad ZaluZs gare samKaros poeturad 

warmoCena, KofiTi movlenebis saleqso samosSi gaxveva, 

Cveulebrivi, nacnobi sitKvebisaTvis (xSirad dialeqturi formebisaTvis) 

axleburi sazrisis miniyeba da maTi musikad gardaqmna: 

biyi?! 

marTla?! 

ai, mesmis! 

aba, me ar mgvanebia... 

_ rava 

va, Sen ra? 

_ raGa, rava 

va, 

kaci JavriT aGara var, _ 

sami Svilis mama var da 

samiveni qalebia. 

poetiseul alGos enisas da mis leqsiT metKvelebas, romelic 

gansxvavebuli, mxolod muxranisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli silaGiTa 

da nairgvarobiT gamoirCeva, Tavisebur elfers sZens 

dialeqtizmebic (ZiriTadad imerizmebi). es ukanasknelni poeturi 

efeqtisa Tu riTmis sayiroebisaTvis gamoiKenebian xolme 

xSirad Semoqmedis mier. 

26 

zmnur formaTagan TvalSi sacemia dialeqtizmebis ori tipi: 

erT SemTxvevaSi poeti imeruli leqsikidan uSualod iGebs 

ama Tu im erTeuls da Sesaferis adgils uZebnis mas leqsis 

striqonSi. xSirad dialeqturi forma, rogorc iTqva, sariTmo 

erTeulsac warmoadgens, rac kidev ufro meti emociiT aGaqmevinebs 

mkiTxvels saTqmelis azrsa da Sinaarss: 

me ara erTxel gamigonia 

natvra miwaze _ 

sul erT mtkavelze. 

_ axla TbilisSi gama 

maro 

ronia 

da mere momkla_ 

aGar daveZeb. 

sxva SemTxvevaSi zmna gamoKenebulia imerulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

variantiT (imeruli gaformebiT): 

gajGenTilia siZvelis suniT 

damZaGebuli oTaxis hava. 

gareT ki ukve 

mze amosula, 

gareT ki ukve 

tKemlebi hKvava 

va. 

muxran mayavarianis poeziaSi vxvdebiT saxelebTan dakavSirebul 

morfologiur dialeqtizmebsac, rogoric aris, magali- 

Tad, saxelobiTi brunvis niSnis gamoKeneba xmovanze fuZedaboloebul 

saxelebTan: 

mzei, 

ibGavla miwam. 

mzem daiZaxa: _ miwa! 

saxeli moxmobilia wrfelobiTis formiTac (rac damaxasiaTebelia 

xevsuruli dialeqtisTvis): 

xevsur 

Camodis liqokiT, 

moKmeni franguls uqeben... 

dialeqtizmebs vxvdebiT agreTve zedsarTavi saxelebis gamoKenebisas: 

27

vxedav _ 

mezoblis saxlis Tavze gatexil kramits. 

vxedav _ 

foTlebze TqaraTquri gaudis wvimas. 

vxedav _ 

Saraze qali garbis sove 

veli 

kabiT. 

vxedav _ 

qaTmebi abuzulan qliavis Ziras. 

dialeqturi variantebiT dasturdeba nacvalsaxelebic: 

an kidev: 

sul ramdenime, 

ori Tu sami, 

imedad Cemda 

da, arsebobs saxli, 

sadac me ZalmiZs, 

Kovel dros ZalmiZs, 

moulodnelad davreko zari. 

ver SeaCerebs veraferi sitKvas gabeduls _ 

frTebi masxia TqvengniT 

gniT, 

mxolod TqvengniT 

rameTu. 

dialeqturi formebiT warmogvidgeba zmnisarTebic: 

sxva SemTxvevaSi: 

gaumarJos Kvelas GmerTma, 

vinc ki rosme 

qarTlis mterTa 

angelozni daufeTa. 

Kefda nagazi. 

mwifda mTvare. 

vtovebdiT kumiss. 

wamiGo sevdam: 

ar icode kacma qe mainc, _ 

dGes ara, _ xvale 

ukve veGar dagirGvevs dumils 

xma 

verca mamlis, 

verca ZaGlis... 

muxran mayavarianis SemoqmedebaSi gansakuTrebiT mravlad 

daCndeba kavSirebis dialeqturi formebi (Tva 

Tvara 

ra, mara 

ra, ro...): 

brali miamitis, _ me Sen getKvi 

dGes da CvenSi isic, ar meKofa sitKvis maragi... 

Tvara 

me ra miyirs, _ ara! 

qvisqveS raa, vici. sxvisi misabaZi 

ra myirs, _ 

Tvara 

ki! 

an kidev: 

sxva SemTxvevaSi: 

vinmem, 

arcaa gasakviri, _ 

arc icis iqneb, _ 

qristes Sobamde rom Seiqmna qarTuli wigni... 

ara! 

es ase rom ar iKos, 

kidev, _ xo, _ 

mara 

ra! 

ase 

rom 

aris?! 

Tund erTi maTgan, _ 

ase KinCad, vinc gidgas gverdiT, 

ro rame iKos, _ 

wveTs sisxlisas gaiGebs SenTvis?! 

eh... Seni mteri araa meti. 

vin?! _ 

xelosani vamJobino xalas xelovans? 

bnela? _ 

28 

29

Tu bnela? _ 

ki, batono! 

magram dGe roa? 

dasturdeba agreTve Ke nawilaki (romliTac gadmocemulia 

subieqtis simravle): 

ramdeni rame iKo Ke 

kargi da Cemi urgebi. 

imeruli dialeqtisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ime 

xSirad gamoxatulia gakvirvebis semantika: 

magondeba: 

zamTaria. 

TeTri, 

TeTri zamTaria. 

stumrebs veliT, _ 

vGelavT: 

_ ime, 

Tu modian, _ 

sad arian?! 

formiT 

dialeqturi formebiT warmoCndeba zogJer poetiseuli 

iumoric: 

grialebs taSi. 

zecas angrevs taSis griali. 

patiosneba Zegligia dGes kajiani. 

xma ismis zogJer taSis xmaSi xamuS-xamuSi: 

_ sad ari, Tvara 

ra, kai kia sindis-namusi. 

an kidev: 

kvlavaa, viT iKo, sawuTro alubluri: 

Sexedav _ balia! 

igemeb, _ tKemali! 

ramdeni kacia mis mier daGupuli! 

Jandabas! 

udrood ar gvxocdes qe mainc. 

muxran mayavarianis poeziaSi dialeqtizmebi warmogvidgeba, 

rogorc erTgvari poetur-stilistikuri xerxi (mxedvelobaSi 

gvaqvs ZiriTadad im tipis SemTxvevebi, roca dialeqturi forma 

sariTmo erTeulsac warmoadgens amavdroulad), roca sa- 

Tqmelis Sinaarsi da misi bgerobrivi samKaro (am SemTxvevaSi 

dialeqtizmebi) ise bunebrivad arian erTmaneTze gadaJayvulni, 

rom cal-calke verc ki aGiqmebian _ mkiTxvelic Kovelgvari 

Zaldatanebis gareSe xdeba misi poeziis Tanaziari: 

vajas). 

dGes Jixvis rqaSi me vteni varams, 

amaod vteni, rogorc Sen guSin... 

me, me vikiTxo, me ra vqna. Tvara 

Sen ra xania gaqvs Tavi qudSi (mimarTavs muxrani 

muxran mayavarianis stiqiaa samSoblos xati _ poeturad 

aGbeydili. aq poulobs igi tkivilisa Tu aGmafrenis 

usazGvro SesaZleblobebs... bunebrivia, saqarTvelos Znelbedobis 

dros muxran mayavariani mxolod poetad ver darCeboda. 

man momaval Taobebs gadaurCina erovnuli TviTSegneba... am didi 

sazrisis _ samSoblos gancdis _ bgerobriv samosSi mosaqcevad 

didma muxranma sxva poetur aGkazmulobasTan erTad dialeqtizmebsac 

mouxmo: 

saKdriT gamodis patara kaxis 

karis moZGvari kaxT-mayavari, 

romelic Turme Kofila naGdi 

kaci da, mere, kaci ravari! _ 

Cemi ar iKos, qarTveli xalxi 

Kofila Turme misTvis mTavari. 

30 

31

m a r i n e k a k a C i a , q e T e v a n m a r g i a n i , 

m a r i n a J G a r k a v a 

(Tbilisi. soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti) 

qarTvelur ena-kiloTa 

leqsi 

siko 

koni 

nis SedgenisaTvis 

1. teqnologiurma miRwevebma dRis wesrigSi daayena samecniero 

masalisa da informaciis eleqtronul sivrceSi integrirebis 

aucileblobis sakiTxi. 

Tanamedrove etapze qarTuli eleqtronuli leqsikografiuli 

bazis Sesaqmnelad uaRresad aqtualuria qarTul-svanurmegrul-lazuri 

eleqtronuli leqsikonis arseboba. teqnologiur 

miRwevaTa safuZvelze aseTi tipis leqsikonis Seqmna axali 

sityva iqneba leqsikografiaSi. mkvlevarTa Soris didi xania 

arsebobs moTxovna (praqtikuli da samecnieroc) dRemde 

analogis armqone qarTul-svanur-megrul-lazur leqsikonze. am 

naSroms eqneba udidesi praqtikuli da samecniero Rirebuleba 

rogorc qarTveli, aseve ucxoeli specialistebisaTvis (lingvistebisaTvis, 

kavkasiologebisaTvis, sociologebisaTvis, eTnolingvistebisaTvis.) 

2. qarTuli enis struqturisa da istoriis kvlevisaTvis 

TxuTmetsaukunovan werilobiT ZeglebTan da dialeqtur masalasTan 

erTad udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba qarTvelur enaTa 

_ svanuris, megrul-lazuris monacemebs: `svanuri ena, iseve 

rogorc megrul-Wanuri, marTalia, pergamentze araa warmodgenili, 

magram es arc mas da arc megrul-Wanurs ar uSlis 

xels, SeinarCunos uZvelesi Tvisebebi, romlebic odesRac saerTo 

iyo qarTvelur enaTa jgufis yvela warmomadgenlisaTvis, 

magram sruliadac ar asaxula werilobiT ZeglebSi~ (k. dondua). 

didia arqaizmebiT gamorCeuli svanuri enisa da megrullazuris 

monacemTa roli qarTveluri enebis istoriul-SedarebiTi 

kvlevisa da arqetipTa rekonstruqciisaTvis. rogorc 

cnobilia, struqturulad svanuri sakmaod axlos dgas saer- 

To-qarTvelur fuZe enasTan. misi rTuli fonetikuri sistema, 

gramatikuli Taviseburebani da dialeqturi nairgvaroba gansakuTrebiT 

faseulia zogadlingvisturi TvalsazrisiT. 

32 

3. dRemde ar gagvaCnia svanuri, megrul-Wanuri ganmartebi- 

Ti da qarTul-zanur-svanuri sruli SedarebiTi leqsikonebi. 

mcire gamonaklisis garda am leqsikonebis Seqmna - gamocema, 

(eleqtronuli versiiTurT) da maTi analiziT miRebuli 

Sedegebi kidev erTxel siRrmiseulad da safuZvlianad cxadyofda 

mecnierul WeSmaritebas svanur-zanuris qarTuli fuZe 

enidan gamoyofis realobis Taobaze, ufro naTel warmodgenas 

Seqmnida qarTvelur enaTa diferenciaciis Sesaxeb. 

svanur-megrul-lazur ganmartebiT leqsikoni (beWduri da 

eleqtronuli versiebiT) uciloblad Seiqmneba mesaZirkvled 

dRemde ararsebul qarTvelur enaTa SedarebiTi gramatikis 

akademiuri gamocemisa. (g. maWavarianis `qarTvelur enaTa SedarebiTi 

gramatika~ mxolod da mxolod saleqcio kursia). 

4. leqsikonis Sedgenis (agebis) saxelmZRvanelo principebia: 

• leqsikur erTeulebad aRebuli iqneba yvela metyvelebis 

nawili: saxelebi saxelobiTi brunvis formiT, zmna-masdaris 

formiT: (piriani formiT mxolod defeqturi da Taviseburi 

zmnebi iqneba warmodgenili) 

• leqsikonSi aisaxeba svanur-megrul-lazuris formaucvleli 

metyvelebis nawilebic: zmnizeda, kavSiri, Tandebuli, 

Sorisdebuli, nawilaki da sxvadasxva sawarmoebeli afiqsebi. 

• calke leqsikur erTeulebad iqneba warmodgenili omonimebi. 

• leqsikonSi ar Seva: a) topoponimebi da anTroponimebi 

b) saTakilo sityvebi 

g) frazeologizmebi 

• leqsikoni oTxenovani iqneba: qarTul-svanur-megrul-lazuri. 

leqsikonis SemdgenelTa mier gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba qar- 

Tvelur enaTa Sesaxeb dRemde arsebuli yvela leqsikoni (arn. 

Ciqobava: Wanur-megrul-qarTuli SedarebiTi leqsikoni; b. niJaraZe: 

qarTul-svanur-rusuli leqsikoni; v. Tofuria, m. qaldani: 

svanuri leqsikoni; z. sarjvelaZe, h. fenrixi: qarTvelur 

enaTa etimologiuri leqsikoni; o. qajaia: megruli leqsikoni; 

C. gujejiani, h. palmaitisi: svanur-inglisuri leqsikoni, m. Cuxua: 

qarTvelur ena-koloTa SedarebiTi leqsikoni...) 

33

q e T e v a n m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i 


pirobiT-SedegobiTi zmnuri formebi svanurSi 

da maTi semantikuri mimarTeba Zveli 

qarTulisa da mTis dialeqtis monacemebTan 

1. svanur zmnis gardamaval da medioaqtiur upreverbo 

formaTa uRlebaSi dasturdeba perfeqtuli mwkrivebi (pirobiT-SedegobiTi 

I da pirobiT-SedegobiTi II), romelTa badali 

monacemebi Tanamedrove saliteraturo enas ar moepoveba. 

saanalizo formebSi, erTi mxriv, naTqvamis mimarTeba sinamdvilisadmi 

varaudis, SesaZleblobis, dauzusteblobis gamomxatvelia, 

epistemikuria. isini mxolod moqmedebis daudastureblobis 

(savaraudoobis) niuansiT upirispirdebian namyos 

sxva droebs: wyvetili: anSxeb 

`Sekera (man is)~ _ pirobiTi: 

ðSxbun 

SxbunŒl `{iqneb} keravda (is mas) _ SedegobiTi I: xoSxba 

xba 

ùkeravs (mas is) _ SedegobiTi II: xaSxb’ 

b’n èkera (mas is) piro 

ro- 

biT-Se 

Sede 

dego 

gobi 

biTi 

I: xeSxbi 

xbi ìq 

iqneb 

Seukeravs (mas is)~ _ piro 

ro- 

biT-Se 

Sede 

dego 

gobi 

biTi 

II: xeSxbŒl/xeS 

xeSxbi 

xbiæ ìq 

iqneb 

ekera (mas is)~; rogorc 

aRmoCnda, qarTulSi msgavs viTarebaSi modaluri sityvebi 

moiSvelieba, svanurSi ki aRniSnuli semantika sinTezur 

formebSia Cadebuli (maTi aRweriTi variantebi Tavad svanur- 

Si udris: I da II Sede 

dego 

gobi 

biTis 

forme 

mebi 

+ nawilaki mˆrŠs 

(bz.), ÌÀæÛæËÉ (bq.) àlbaT~); 

meore mxriv, mocemul zmnebs preverbiani formebi ara aqvT; 

swored amitom isini diuratiulobas gamoxataven da eqsperianciuli 

mniSvnelobisani arian, rac gulisxmobs swored drois 

gansazRvrul momentTan kavSiris uqonlobas. 

2. saanalizo formebSi niuan 

ansu 

surad 

pirobiToba-xolmeobi- 

Tobis sinTezia warmodgenili da maTi semantika Zalze mogvagonebs 

Zveli qarTulis III xolmeobiTs (a. SaniZe): e-Tes 

Tes-i-s: 

`moimkis, sadaca igi eTesis~, Sdr. x-e-lðS-i ùTesia (mas is) 

iqneb xolme~ anu `danaTesi eqneba~; e-vn 

vn-i-s: `xolo uZlurisa 

misgan, romelsa ara evnis misda, piri garemiiqcis~, Sdr. x-emðæin 

in-i ùvnia iqneb xolme~ anu `navnebi aqvs mas misTvis~... aseve 

xevsurul dialeqtSi avTandil arabulis mier dadasture- 

34 

bul III xolmeobiTis moqmed formebs (eT 

eTqvis 

qvis, eubnis 

nis, eCola 

la- 

gis, ekve 

vexi 

xinis 

nis, eWamis 

mis, meZa 

Zaxin 

xinni 

nian 

an...); 

3. es monacemebi xolmeobiTis STabeWdilebas toveben formobrivadac; 

specialur literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom, mar- 

Talia, `xolmeobiTi, rogorc gramatikuli kategoria, dRevandel 

svanurSi aRar gvaqvs, magram Zvelad unda gvqonoda. xolmeobiTis 

nakvTi dRemde Semogvenaxa aƒn-i `xnavs~, ðSx 

Sx-i `wvavs~ 

tipis zmnebSi~ (arn. Ciqobava); svanuri myofadusrulis -i sufiqsi 

èWvs gare 

reSea 

Sea, igive mona 

nace 

cemi unda iyos, rac awmyos 

-i, 

warmoSo 

SobiT xolme 

meobi 

biTis sufiq 

fiqsi 

si~ (g. maWavariani); 

saanalizo formebi statikur zmnaTa myofadis (xext 

xextðæi 

èxateba~) inversiaqmnil formebad migvaCnia, sadac aseve figurirebs 

sufiqsi -i; 

4. Tuki `Zvel qarTulSi III xolmeobiTi II TurmeobiTTan 

iseTsave mimarTebaSia, rogorc xolmeobiTi II namyo ZiriTad- 

Tan~ (a. arabuli), SeiZleba iTqvas, rom svanurSi I da II pirobiT-SedegobiTis 

formebi I da II SedegobiTTa upreverbo formebTan 

semantikur opozicias qmnian mxolod 

infe 

feren 

renci 

ciulo 

lo- 

biT: pirobiT-SedegobiTi I: xemi 

ìq 

iqneb 

(/al 

albaT 

baT) uWamia (naWami 

aqvs erTxel mainc an arasodes)~ _ upreverbo SedegobiTi I: 

xoma 

ùWamia (naWami aqvs erTxel mainc an arasodes)~, preverbian 

formebTan (SedegobiTi I: loxma 

mama 

`SeuWamia~) ki _ xolme 

meobi 

biTo 

Tobis 

Sina 

naar 

arsi 

siTac 

Tac; xolo, Tuki xevsuruli III xolmeobiTi 

dRes evidencialobasa da xolmeobiTobas gamoxatavs erTdroulad 

(eT 

eTqvis 

ùTqvams mas is Turme 

xol 

olme 

me~), svanuri pirobiT- 

SedegobiTi epistemikuroba-xolmeobiTobis semantikur sinTezs 

warmoadgens (xeq 

xeqæi ùTqvams mas is iqneb 

xolme 

me~). 

35

o m a r m e m i S i S i 


reduplikacia lazurSi 

leqsikur erTeulTa reduplikacia warmoqmnis erT-erTi 

saxea. sityvis gaorkeceba, ganmeoreba gamosaxvis stilistikuri 

saSualebacaa. mas mimarTaven mniSvnelobis gasaZliereblad, 

zogjer ki morfologiuri funqciac aqvs (q. lomTaTiZe). 

dadgenilia, rom reduplicirebuli fuZeebiT gamoixateba 

mravlobiToba, krebiToba, intensioba. 

lazurSi reduplicirebuli fuZeebi SedarebiT mcirea da 

metwilad qarTulis wess misdevs. 

zedsarTav saxelTa reduplikacia mravlobiTobas gamoxatavs. 

gaorkeceba TiTqmis aucilebeli xdeba, Tu sazRvruli sazogadod 

mravlobiTobas ver awarmoebs (a. SaniZe): tuca 

ca-tu 

tuca 

(cxel-cxeli), aRani 

ni-aRa 

aRani 

(axal-axali)... 

zedsarTavis fuZis gaorkecebiT gamoixateba aRmatebiTi da 

odnaobiTi xarisxi (arn. Ciqobava): xomu 

mula 

la-xo 

xomu 

mula 

(xmel-xmeli), 

mkule 

le-mku 

mkule 

(mokle-mokle)... 

ricxviTi da arsebiTi saxelebis ganmeoreba gamoxatavs 

ganawilebiTis funqcias (fr. naiseri): sum-sum 

(sam-sami), viT- 

viT (aT-aTi)... 

intensiobis funqcia akisria zmnaTa reduplikacias: mo- 

xTu-mo 

moxTu 

(movida-movida), RaRa 

Ralu 

lu-Ra 

RaRa 

Ralu 

(ilaparaka-ilaparaka)... 

intensiobisa da mravalgzisobis gamomxatvelia masdaris 

reduplikacia: okiTxu 

Txu-oki 

okiTxu 

TxuTen 

Ten (kiTxva-kiTxviT), oWaru 

ru-oWa 

oWa- 

ruTen 

(wera-weriT)... 

araiSviaTad arsebiT saxelTa gaorkecebis Sedegad sityva 

zmnisarTis funqcias iZens: ofute 

te-ofu 

ofute 

(uban-uban), mzoRa 

Ra- 

mzoRa 

(zRva-zRva)... 

reduplicirebul fuZeTa bgeriTi Sedgeniloba mravalferovania: 

segmentTa Tavkiduri da bolokiduri Tanxmovnebi identuria: 

Wox-Wo 

Woxi 

(erTgvari Citi), Ror-Ro 

Rori 

(Zalian moxuci), 

kap-ka 

kapi 

(avi suli)... 

36 

segmentTa Tavkiduri Tanxmovnebi araidenturia: koCi 

Ci-mo 

moCi 

(kaci-maci), biga 

ga-mi 

miga 

(joxi-moxi)... 

reduplicirebul fuZeebSi xdeba xmovanTa Senacvleba, kompleqsis 

gamartiveba, disimilacia, bolokiduri Tanxmovnis dakargva... 

m a n a n a m i q a Z e 

(quTaisi. a. wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti) 

imerizmebis adgilisaTvis Teimuraz 

lanCavas SemoqmedebaSi 

1. Teimuraz lanCavas enis TaviseburebaTa Seswavlisas gasaTvaliswinebelia 

mwerlis Tanamedrove saliteraturo enis 

niSan–Tviseba da misi adgili saliteraturo enis ganviTareba- 

Si. dialeqturi formebis (ZiriTdad imerizmebi, nawilobriv 

gurulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli erTeulebi) xSiri gamoyeneba 

mweralma SeZlo mxatvruli teqstis meSveobiT. mis mier literaturul 

enaSi Semotanili sityvebi imeruli dialeqtis sarezervo 

fondSia daunjebuli. Teimuraz lanCavas mxatvrul 

TxzulebebSi warmoCenil sityva–TqmaTa safuZveli swored dialeqturi 

leqsikaa, zogjer – qarTveluri enobrivi nimuSebic. 

2. mwerlis enaze muSaobis dros leqsikur erTeulTa dajgufeba 

movaxdineT Semdegi principiT; 

a) gamovyaviT dialeqtizmebad miCneuli arqauli formebi 

(magaliTad gvimi, bujeri, tylapSia, manWvali da a.S.). 

b) imerul dialeqtSi daunjebuli is sityvebi, romlebic 

imave an gansxvavevbuli mniSvnelobiT sxva dialeqtebSic gvxvdeba 

da sakuTriv imerizmebi, romlebic mwerlis Semoqmedebisa- 

Tvis gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia (iRliteba, iqaqeba, iqindreba, 

ixuntrucebs, iZRinkeba, ijRvarkeba, labziani, leWo, koxro, 

kulumburi, kruxna...). 

g) sityvebi, romlebic ar dasturdeba dRes arsebul leqsikonebSi 

37

(yeJra, qvijaSkina, deiZRvinkeba, goToSia, geikvirikebs...). 

3. moxsenebaSi motanilia vrceli sailustracio masala, 

romelic gaanalizebulia da naCvenebia saliteraturo enis gamdidreba-srulyofaSi 

mwerlis rolis Sesaxeb 

c i a l a n a r a k i Z e 

(baTumi. n. berZeniSvilis instituti) 

lazuri saleqsikono masala 

mkvaxe, ora _ dro, mumqui _ umaduri... `gola maRala 

ren, TuTa maRala ren, RormoTi maRala ren, mara dobadona 

iri xolo ren~ _ mTa maRalia, mTvarec maRalia, 

RmerTic maRalia, magram samSoblo yvelaferia; 

àRne manebra Zira, mjveSi va guiWkvendina~ _ axali megobari 

naxo, Zveli ar daiviwyo; `mTini nena mWoxa ren~ 

_ marTali sityva mkvaxea; òra muSis va mewilaSi Suka- 

Ti ibaden~ _ Tavis droze kitrs Tu ar mowyvet, isic 

berdeba; `mumqui koCikala manebroba va iyven~ _ umadur 

kacTan megobroba ar SeiZleba. 

38 

1. xelvaCauris raionis soflebis (sarfi, kvariaTi) mcxovrebTa 

metyvelebaze Cven mier uSualo dakvirvebis Sedegad 

mopovebulia saleqsikono masala, romelic fiqsirebuli 

ar aris samecniero literaturaSi. 

ramdenime nimuSi: osurWkori (gaTxovili qaliSvili), 

Ronikoni (mamiseuli ojaxi gaTxovili qalisaTvis), xergeli 

(arafris SemZle), xorate (Zunwi), omWiu (gasuf- 

Taveba), geTanapiji (ganTiadi), Wafala (Tevzis saxeoba), 

cxili (axladgamoCekili abreSumis Wia), ququda (abre- 

Sumis parki), mwkui (jara) da a.S. 

2. lazuri dialeqturi leqsikis simdidre Tavs iCens, agreTve 

saintereso frazeologiuri erTeulebis xmareba- 

Si. magaliTad: `gui qomuxTu~ _ gulze moxvda (qomeSvabRu 

_ gabrazda); `caq Toli qagonwku~ _ cam Tvali 

gaaxila (gamoidara _ qagonTanu); `xe gunTxu~ _ xeli 

gauwoda (nuSolu-daexmara)... 

3. mdidari da mravalferovania lazuri andazebis leqsikac. 

andazebma Semogvinaxes iseTi terminebi, romlebic 

TiTqmis daviwyebas miscemia da ixmareba mxolod lazTa 

gabmul metyvelebaSi: gola _ mTa, dobadona _ samSoblo, 

RormoTi _ RmerTi, manebra _ megobari, mWoxa _ 

n i k o l o z o T i n a S v i l i 

(gori. saswavlo universiteti) 

sofel TiRvis onomastikoni 

zemo qarTlis kulturul-mwignobruli kerebi Zveli droidan 

iyo cnobili. isini ZiriTadad ganTavsebulia mTiswineT- 

Si. am TvalsazrisiT sayuradReboa TiRvis samonastro kompleqsi, 

romlis dRemde moRweuli onomastikuri masalebi da 

maTi gamomzeureba saSuri saqmea. 

sofeli mdebareobs fcis frones xeobaSi, mdinaris marjvena 

mxares, SemaRlebul adgilze. sofelSi dgas Sua saukuneeb- 

Si agebuli taZari da kompleqsi, romelic augia daviT aRmaSeneblis 

asuls Tamars. CrdiloeTis mxares, sarkmlis Tavze, mo- 

Tavsebulia fiqalqva asomTavruliT Sesrulebuli warweriT, 

or svetad, romelSic moxsenebulia monastris amSenebeli Tamar 

daviTis asuli. rogorc aRniSnuli warwera, ise istoriuli 

wyaroebi saSualebas gvaZlevs Tvalni gavadevnoT mxarisa 

da soflis onomastikas, mis cvalebadobas, dRevandel viTarebas, 

dialeqtur movlenebs. 

vaxuSti batoniSvili Tavis àRweraSi~ asaxelebs sofel 

TiRvas, mis amSenebels, punqti aRniSnuli aqvs Sromas darTu- 

39

li soflebis siaSi, aseve datanili aqvs Tavis Sedegnil rukaze. 

amave meTvramete saukuneSi ioane bagrationi `qarTl-kaxe- 

Tis aRweraSi~ fcis wyalze TiRvas aRniSnavs, rogoroc `mosaxles~. 

TiRvis onomastikuri masalebi wlebis winaT gvaqvs aRwerili. 

dRevandeli viTarebiT iq Sesvla da gadamowmeba garTulebulia, 

radgan TiRva da sxva soflebi separatistebis mier 

kontrolirebad teritoriazea moqceuli. amitom iqidan wamosul 

mosaxleobas ZiriTadad gorisa da qarelis raionebis 

soflebSi vxvdebodiT dazustebis mizniT. 

1715 wlis `ruisis saepiskoposos davTris~ mixedviT TiRva 

didi sofeli yofila. imdroindeli anTroponimebidan dRes 

aRar gvxvdeba: burnaZe, wereTeli, gamcemliSvili, kopaZe, mamukiSvili, 

onofraSvili, beJitaSvili. goderZaSvili, amilbaraSvili, 

sexniaSvili, TandilaSvili. ivaneSvili, mumlaZe, xixaZe, 

CareqaSvili da sxvebi. 

dRes saxloben: jaxvelaZeebi, mosulebi arian zemo iTxvisidan, 

gamrekelaSvilebi – zestafonidan, wiwvianiZe, dRes gvxvdeba 

ninikuris gvariT, gvari mesxi mosulia amave xeobis sofel 

axalSenidan, maisuraZe raWis sofel wedisidan, samxaraZe – 

SroSadan, vaxtangaSvili – axalcixidan. aseve saxloben: gaba- 

TaSvili, lanCavaSvili. koniaSvili, ositaSvili, laWvriSvili, 

lacabiZe. 

gadaSenebuli gvarebidan sofelSi darCa toponimebi: burnaZiaanT 

xevi (burnaZe), basaniZeebis saydari (basaniZe), aRsaba- 

Zis miwa (aRvsebaZe), ewodeba Careqaulic, begiaanT mamulebi 

(begiaSvili), wereTliaanT mamulebi, igive wereTeliseuli – 

TiRvis CrdiloeT ubanSi, ewodeba alibric. amilbaraSviliseuli 

ewodeba saZovars TiRvis aRmosavleTiT. 

toponimur saxelTa meore komponentad gvxvdeba: ubani, 

wyaro, axo. magaliTad: ositaanT ubani, qelexsaanT ubani, ninikuriaanT 

ubani, nadiraanT ubani, jabiaanT ubani. lazikaanT 

wyaro, beRlebis wyaro, lanCavaanT wyaro, saydris wyaro, saTaves 

iRebs TiRvis taZris saZirkvelSi, dalaqiaanT axo, lacabi- 

ZiaanT axo, yuTiaanT axo... 

40 

moxsenebaSi warmovadgenT onomastikuri erTeulebis enobriv 

da istoriul cvalebadobas, imerul da qarTlur leqsikur 

erTeulebs. 

Ì Ä Ã Ä À Ó À Ù Ë É À Í É 

(ÈÁÉËÉÓÉ. ÀÒÍ. ÜÉØÏÁÀÅÀÓ ÓÀá. ÄÍÀÈÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÄÁÉÓ ÉÍÓÔÉÔÖÔÉ) 

ÄÒÈÉ ÖÞÅÄËÄÓÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÓÀÊÖËÔÏ ÔÄÒÌÉÍÉÓ 

(æÉÈÉÍ/ÖÈÉÍ/ÉÈÉÍ/ÎéÈÉÍ/éÈÉÍ/ËéÈÉÍ) ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ 

1. ÓÅÀÍÄÈÛÉ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÄÈÍÏÂÒÀ×ÉÖËÉ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÉÃÀÍÀÀ 

ÝÍÏÁÉËÉ, ÜÅÄÍÀÌÃÄ ÌÏÙßÄÖËÉ ßÀÒÌÀÒÈÖËÉ áÀÓÉÀÈÉÓ ÓÀÌËÏÝÅÄËÏÓ 

ÌÉßÉÓÆÄÃÀ ÍÀÂÄÁÏÁÉÓ ÄÒÈ-ÄÒÈ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃ ÔÉÐÓ æÉÈÉÍÉ|ÉÈÉÍÉ 

ßÀÒÌÏÀÃÂÄÍÓ, ÒÏÌÄËÓÀÝ ÀÂÄÁÃÍÄÍ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÓÀÊÖËÔÏ ÀÃÂÉËÆÄ, 

ÀÓÄÅÄ ÌÈÉÓ ÖÙÄËÔÄáÉËÄÁÓÀ ÃÀ ÂÀÃÀÓÀÓÅËÄËÄÁÆÄ, ÓÀÍÀÃÉÒÏÄÁÛÉ, 

ÓÀáËÄÁÛÉ ÃÀ À. Û. (Ì. ÌÀÊÀËÀÈÉÀ). 

2. ØÒÉÓÔÉÀÍÖË ÄÊËÄÓÉÀÈÀ ÃÉÃÉ ÍÀßÉËÉ, ÝÍÏÁÉË ÌÊÅËÄÅÀÒÈÀ 

ÈÅÀËÓÀÆÒÉÓÉÈ (ÉÅ. ãÀÅÀáÉÛÅÉËÉ, Í. ÁÄÒÞÄÍÉÛÅÉËÉ, Â. ÜÖÁÉÍÀÛÅÉËÉ...), 

ÀÂÄÁÖËÉÀ ßÀÒÌÀÒÈÖË ÓÀÌËÏÝÅÄËÏÈÀ ÀÃÂÉËÆÄ, ÒÀÆÄÝ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÓ 

ÓÅÀÍÄÈÉÓ ÆÏÂÉÄÒÈ ÈÄÌÛÉ (ÖÛÂÖËÛÉ, ÌÖËÀáÛÉ, ßÅÉÒÌÉÛÉ, ÄËÉÛÉ, ÀÃÉÛÛÉ...) 

ØÒÉÓÔÉÀÍÖË ÓÀÌËÏÝÅÄËÏÈÀ ÂÅÄÒÃÆÄ ÛÄÌÏÒÜÄÍÉËÉ ÆÄÌÏÃÀÓÀáÄËÄÁÖËÉ 

ÖÞÅÄËÄÓÉ ßÀÒÌÀÒÈÖËÉ ÓÀÌËÏÝÅÄËÏ æÉÈÉÍÉ|ÉÈÉÍÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ 

ÄÍÉÓ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉ ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÄÁÉÈ ÃÀÓÔÖÒÃÄÁÀ: 

ÁÆ. æÉÈÉÍ/ÉÈÉÍ/ÎéÈÉÍ, ÁØ. éÈÉÍ/ËéÈÉÍ, ËÛá. ÖÈÉÍ, æÉÈÉÍ, 

éÈÉÍ 2 , ËÍÔ. æÉÈÉÍ, ÜÏË. ÖÈÉÍ, ÉÈÉÍ `ÍÉÛÉ ÓÀËÏÝÀÅ ÀÃÂÉËÆÄ, ÁÏÒ- 

ÞÉÊÉÈ ÀÛÄÍÄÁÖËÉ ÓÄÍÉÀÍÉ ÛÄÍÏ, ÒÏÌÄËÛÉÝ ÀÓÅÄÍÄÁÃÍÄÍ ãÅÀÒÓ ÀÍ áÀÔÄÁÓ". 

ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÉÓ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÉ ÌÉÆÀÍÉÀ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ ÓÀÊÖËÔÏ ÔÄÒÌÉÍÉÓ 

ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖË-ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÀÍÀËÉÆÉ, ÀÓÄÅÄ ÌÉÓÉ ÂÄÍÄÆÉÓÉÓ 

ÂÀÒÊÅÄÅÀ. 

2 

Å. ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀÓÀ ÃÀ Ì. ØÀËÃÀÍÉÓ `ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ËÄØÓÉÊÏÍÛÉ" ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ 

ÔÄÒÌÉÍÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÄÍÉÓ ÚÅÄËÀ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÛÉÀ ÂÀÅÒÝÄËÄÁÖËÉ, 

ÌáÏËÏÃ ËÀÛáÖÒÉÓÈÅÉÓÀÀ ÌÉÈÉÈÄÁÖËÉ (ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÜÀÍÓ, ÀÍ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÉÈÀÀ 

ÂÀÌÏÒÜÄÍÉËÉ, ÀÍ ÀÅÔÏÒÄÁÓ ÓÀÈÀÍÀÃÏ ÌÀÓÀËÀÆÄ áÄËÉ ÀÒ ÌÉÖßÅÃÄÁÏÃÀÈ). 

41

3. ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÝÍÏÁÉËÉÀ, ÉÏÓÄÁ ÚÉ×ÛÉÞÄÌ ãÄÒ ÊÉÃÄÅ ÂÀÓÖËÉ 

ÓÀÖÊÖÍÉÓ ÃÀÓÀßÚÉÓÛÉ ÄÒÈÌÀÍÄÈÈÀÍ ÛÄÀÐÉÒÉÓÐÉÒÀ ØÀÒÈÖËÉ ÈÄÍ-ÄÁ-À; 

ÂÀÍ-ÈÄÍ-À (`ÂÀÈÄÍÃÀ") ÃÀ ÌÄÂÒÖËÉ ÈÀÍ-À×-À (`ÈÄÍÄÁÀ; ÂÀÍÈÉÀÃÉ; 

ÀÙÃÂÏÌÀ); ÂÏ-ÈÀÍ-Ã-Ö (`ÂÀÈÄÍÃÀ"); ÂÏ-ÈÀÍ-ÄË-É (`ÂÀÈÄÍÄÁÖËÉ") 

×ÏÒÌÄÁÉ, áÏËÏ ÀÒÍÏËÃ ÜÉØÏÁÀÅÀÌ ÂÀÌÏÀÅËÉÍÀ ËÀÆÖÒÉ 

ÄØÅÉÅÀËÄÍÔÉ ÈÀÍ-À×-À (`ÍÀÈÄÁÀ; ÈÄÍÄÁÀ"); ÈÀÍ-Ö-Í (`ÀÍÀÈÄÁÓ"); ØÏ- 

ÃÏ-ËÏ-ÈÀÍ-Ö (`ÂÀÀÍÀÈÀ"); Ì-ÈÀÍ-ÖÒ-À (`ÝÉÝÉÍÀÈÄËÀ"); ÃÏ-ËÏ-ÈÀÍ- 

ÄÒ-É (`ÂÀÍÀÈÄÁÖËÉ"); ÃÏ-ÈÀÍ-ÖÒ-É (`ÂÀÍÈÉÀÃÉ"). ÛÄÌÃÂÏÌÛÉ 

ØÀÒÈÖË-ÆÀÍÖÒ ÛÄÐÉÒÉÓÐÉÒÄÁÖË ÌÀÓÀËÀÓ, ÌÉÖáÄÃÀÅÀÃ ØÀÒÈÖËÉ ÃÀ 

ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÉÓ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÓáÅÀÏÁÉÓÀ, ÂÉÏÒÂÉ ÊËÉÌÏÅÉÓ ÌÉÄÒ 

ÃÀÄÌÀÔÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÄÍÉÓ ÌÏÍÀÝÄÌÄÁÉÝ: ËÉ-ÈÍ-Ä (`ÃÀÁÀÃÄÁÀ; ÂÀÜÄÍÀ"); 

À-á-ÈÄÍ-ÀÍ (`ÂÀÖÜÍÃÀ"); Ëé-ÈÍ-Ä (`ÂÀÜÄÍÉËÉ"; ÛÄØÌÍÉËÉ"); ËÉ-ÈÄÍ/ËÉ- 

ÈÍ-Ä (`ÂÀÌÏÜÄÍÀ"); Ï-á-ÈÄÍ-É (`ÂÀÌÏÅÜÍÃÄÁÉ"); ØÀ É-ÈÍ-Ä (`ÂÀÌÏÉÜÄÍÓ"); 

ËÄ-ÈÍ-Ä (`ÂÀÌÏÓÀÜÄÍÉ"...). ÌÀÍÅÄ *ÈÄÍ- ÃÀ *ÈÄÍ-/ÈÍ- ÀÒØÄÔÉÐÄÁÉ 

ÀÙÀÃÂÉÍÀ ÓÀÄÒÈÏØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄ-ÄÍÉÓ ÃÏÍÉÓÈÅÉÓ, áÏËÏ ØÀÒ- 

ÈÖË-ÆÀÍÖÒÉ ÄÒÈÉÀÍÏÁÉÓ áÀÍÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ *ÈÄÍ- ÀÒØÄÔÉÐÉ ÃÀ *ÈÄÍ-ÄÁ-À. 

ÉÏÓÄÁ ÚÉ×ÛÉÞÉÓ, ÀÒÍÏËÃ ÜÉØÏÁÀÅÀÓÀ ÃÀ ÂÉÏÒÂÉ ÊËÉÌÏÅÉÓÄÖËÉ 

ÃÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÀ ÓÀÄÍÀÈÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÏ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÀÛÉ ÃÙÄÌÃÄ ÃÀÌÀãÄÒÄÁËÀÃÀÀ 

ÌÉÜÍÄÖËÉ. 

ÀÌ ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÌÄ ßËÉÓ ßÉÍ ÓÀÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÏ ÌÉÌÏØÝÄÅÀÛÉ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉË 

ÉØÍÀ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÖËÉ ÃÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÀ: ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ Ëë-È (ÁÆ., ËÛá.), ËÄ-È 

(ÁØ., ËÍÔ.) `ÙÀÌÄ", Ëë-È-É (ÁÆ., ËÛá.), ËÄ-È-É (ÁØ., ËÍÔ.) `ßÖáÄË" : 

ØÀÒÈÖËÉ È-ÄÅ-, È-ÄÍ-, Ì-È-ÄÍ-É, ÓÀ-È-ÄÅ-É : ÆÀÍÖÒÉ È-ÀÍ- `ÈÄÍÄÁÀ", 

Ï-È-ÀÍ-ÖÍ-ÀÍ-Ó `ÙÀÌÄÓ ÀÈÄÅÓ", Â-É-×-È-ÀÍ-Ä `ÙÀÌÄ ÅÀÈÉÄ", È-ÀÍ-À×-À 

`ÀÙÃÂÏÌÀ" (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ), ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ, ÀÅÔÏÒÉÓ ÈÅÀËÓÀÆÒÉÓÉÈ, ÀÒ 

ÂÀÌÏÒÉÝáÀÅÓ ØÀÒÈ. È-ÄÅ-/È-ÄÍ- : ÆÀÍ. È-ÀÍ- : ÓÅÀÍ. È-Àæ- `ÂÀÜÄÍÀ" 

×ÖÞÄÈÀ ÄÒÈÉÀÍÏÁÀÓ (Æ. ÓÀÒãÅÄËÀÞÄ). ÉÂÉ ÌáÏËÏÃ ÌÉÓ ÛÄÓÀÞËÏ 

ÄÔÉÌÏËÏÂÉÖÒ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÆÄ ÌÉÖÈÉÈÄÁÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒ Ëë-È/Ëë-È-É `ÙÀÌÄ, 

ßÖáÄË" ËÄØÓÄÌÄÁÈÀÍ _ ÓÅÀÍ. È- `ÈÄÅÀ" → Ëë-È(É) `ÓÀÈÄÅÉ" → 

`ÙÀÌÄ" (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ). 

4. ÜÅÄÍÉ ÃÀÊÅÉÒÅÄÁÉÈ, ÒÄÊÏÍÓÔÒÖÉÒÄÁÖË *ÈÄÍ- *ÈÄÍ-/ÈÍ- 

ÞÉÒÈÀÍ ÖÍÃÀ ÉÚÏÓ ÃÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÖËÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÓÀÚÏÅÄËÈÀÏÃ ÂÀÅÒÝÄ- 

ËÄÁÖËÉ ÖÞÅÄËÄÓÉ ÓÀÊÖËÔÏ ÍÀÂÄÁÏÁÉÓ, ÓÀËÏÝÀÅÉ ÍÉÛÉÓ, ÓÀáÄËßÏÃ- 

ÄÁÉÈ ÝÍÏÁÉËÉ ÔÄÒÌÉÍÉ æÉÈÉÍ/ÖÈÉÍ/ÉÈÉÍ/éÈÉÍ/ÎéÈÉÍ/ËéÈÉÍ, 

ÒÏÌÄËÛÉÝ -ÈÉÍ ÞÉÒÉ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÏ×À ÃÀ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÀÃ ÉÂÉÅÄÀ, ÒÀÝ 

ÌÉÜÄÍÉËÉ, ÌÉÈÉÈÄÁÖËÉ ÀÃÂÉËÉ. 

5. ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÂÀÅÒÝÄËÄÁÖË ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÖÒ ÍÀÉÒÓÀáÄÏ- 

42 

ÁÄÁÉÃÀÍ ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀË ×ÏÒÌÀÃ ÌÉÂÅÀÜÍÉÀ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÉ ÍÀÌÚÏ ÌÉÌÙÄÏÁÉÓ 

×ÏÒÌÀ Ëé-ÈÉÍ `ÌÉÜÄÍÉËÉ, ÌÉÈÉÈÄÁÖËÉ", ÒÏÌËÉÓÂÀÍÀÝ ÜÀÍÓ ÍÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÉ 

ÃÀÍÀÒÜÄÍÉ ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÄÁÉ ÛÄÌÃÄÂÉ ÓÀ×ÄáÖÒÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÅËÉÈ: 

Ëé-ÈÉÍ 

ÁÆ. Îé-ÈÉÍ > ÁØ., ËÛá. é-ÈÉÍ 

* ËÖ-ÈÉÍ > ËÛá., ÜÏË. Ö-ÈÉÍ > ÁÆ., ËÛá., ËÍÔ. 

æÉ-ÈÉÍ > ÁÆ., ÜÏË. É-ÈÉÍ. 

6. Å×ÉØÒÏÁÈ, ÓÏ×ÄË ÝáÖÌÀÒÛÉ ÃÀ×ÉØÓÉÒÄÁÖËÉ ÄÒÈ-ÄÒÈÉ 

ÝÍÏÁÉËÉ ÌÈÉÓ ÓÀáÄËßÏÃÄÁÀ ËéÈËÄÒ-Ó ÓßÏÒÄÃ ÓÀÄÒÈÏ- 

ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒÉ ÒÄÊÏÍÓÔÒÖÉÒÄÁÖËÉ *ÈÄÍ- *ÈÄÍ-/ÈÍ- ÞÉÒÉ ÖÍÃÀ 

ÃÀÓÃÄÁÏÃÀ ÓÀ×ÖÞÅËÀÃ, ÒÀÆÄÝ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÓ ÉÓ ×ÀØÔÉ, ÒÏÌ 

ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖË ÌÈÀÛÉ ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÌÄ ÀÓÄÈÉ ÍÉÛÉÀ ÁÖÍÄÁÒÉÅÀÃ ÀÙÌÀÒÈÖËÉ ÃÀ 

ÉØÅÄ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ ÍÀÄÊËÄÓÉÀÒÉÝ _ ãÂéÒðÂ ËéÈËÄÒ `ËÖÈËÄÒÉÓ ßÌÉÍÃÀ 

ÂÉÏÒÂÉ", ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ Ö×ÒÏ ÀÌÚÀÒÄÁÓ ÜÅÄÍÓ ÅÀÒÀÖÃÓ. 

n a r g i z a s u r m a v a 


Cvene 

nebu 

bure 

rebis metyve 

tyvele 

leba rogorc 

soci 

ciolin 

lingvis 

gvistu 

turi 

kvlevis vis obieq 

eqti 

1. Cveneburebis metyveleba warmoadgens sociolingvistikisaTvis 

gansakuTrebuli interesis obieqts, rogorc magaliTi 

dialeqturi qvesistemisa, romlis ganviTareba warimarTa nacionaluri 

enisagan _ saliteraturo enisa da diasistemebisagan _ 

izolirebulad, ucxoenobriv garemocvaSi. 

sociolingvisturi Seswavla gulisxmobs TurqeTel 

qarTvelTa metyvelebis ganxilvas bilingvizmis kuTxiT: qarTuli 

(`gurjuli~) da Turquli qvekodebis (subkodebis) sakomunikacio 

funqciebis gamijvnas; sametyvelo situaciaSi am subkodebis 

monacvleobis faqtorebisa da kanonzomierebis Ziebas; 

orenovnebiT gamowveuli interferenciuli procesebis gamo- 

43

vlenas sxvadasxva enobriv doneebze orive mimarTulebiT _ bilingvTa 

rogorc qarTul, ise Turqul metyvelebaSi da a. S.; 

miRebuli Sedegebis tipologiur ganzogadebas. 

paradoqsia, magram CveneburTa metyvelebis arsebobas safrTxe 

Seeqmna Tanamedrove pirobebSi, roca saxelmwifoTaSorisi 

izolaciis zRude gairRva da istoriul samSoblosTan 

kontaqtebi, maT Soris enobrivi, aRdga da gaaqtiurda. es safrTxe 

gamoiwvia sakuTriv TurqeTis respublikaSi enobrivi situaciis 

Secvlam, rac daukavSirda iq mimdinare socilur-politikur 

Zvrebs, upirvelesad esaa urbanistuli da integraciuli 

procesebis gaZliereba, axali Taobis swrafva ganaTlebis 

miRebisaken... yovelive es sabolood aisaxeba asimilaciis procesis 

daCqarebaSi. 

2. `TurqeTis saqarTveloSi~ enis SenarCunebis erT-erT 

umTavres faqtors dRemde warmoadgens mSobliur garemosTan, 

sofelTan, kompaqtur dasaxlebasTan uwyveti kavSiri, sadac 

gurjuli isev asrulebs lokalur doneze sakomunikacio funqcias. 

qarTuli ena Seudareblad kargad aris Semonaxuli ojaxebSi, 

romlebic soflis mudmivi macxovreblebi arian. 

SavSur-imerxeuli subkodis konkretul magaliTze, qarTuli 

dialeqturi metyvelebis flobisa da funqcionirebis zogadi 

suraTi, asakobrivi pricipidan gamosvliT (TaobaTa mixedviT), 

aseTia: 

gurjuli kilo dominantia ufros TaobaSi, romlisTvisac 

igi pirveli anu mSobliuri enaa. ufros TaobaSi dResac SeiZleba 

Segvxvdes monolingvizmis erTeuli SemTxvevebi anu mxolod 

eTnikur subkodze molaparake pirebi. 

aqcentuacia warmoadgens erTgvar indikators imis dasadgenad, 

orenovani TurqeTeli qarTvelis metyvelebaSi dominirebs 

eTnikuri dialeqti Tu Turquli ena. 

qarTul dialeqtur subkods flobs saSualo Taoba, Tumca 

masTan dominantis rolSi, Cveulebriv, Turquli ena gamodis. 

saSualo Taobis metyvelebaSi gamijnulia gurjuli da 

Turquli subkodebis funqciebi. gurjuli subkodis gamoyenebisas 

adresatis rolSi gvevlinebian ojaxis wevrebi da Tanasoflelebi 

(ufrosi da saSualo Taobidan), xolo saubris Tematika, 

Cveulebriv, exeba yofiTi cxovrebis realiebs. 

44 

rac Seexeba axal Taobas _ bavSvebs, mozardebsa da axalgazrdebs 

(daaxloebiT, 20 wlisa), isini, ZiriTadad, gvevlinebian 

pasiur bilingvebad _ qarTuli subkodi esmiT, magram masze 

ver laparakoben. es gamowveulia umTavresad imiT, rom gurjulma 

dakarga deda-Svils Soris sakomunikacio kodis funqcia. 

wina Taobisagan gansxvavebiT, mSoblebi SvilebTan TavianT eTnikur 

qvekodze bavSvobidanve aRar urTierToben, rac signalia 

enis gadacemis uwyvetobis rRvevisa. 

3. dRevandeli viTareba safuZvels iZleva Cveneburebis metyvelebis 

cvlis tendenciebis amgvarad prognozirebisa: 1) 

qarTuli dialeqturi subkodis aqtiur matarebelTa ricxobrivi 

Semcireba; 2) dialeqturi metyvelebis cvla ori mimar- 

TulebiT: a) interferenciuli gavlenis gaZliereba Turquli 

enis mxridan sxvadasxva enobriv doneebze, b) cvlilebebi qar- 

Tuli enis qvesistemebis gavleniT, saqarTvelos mosaxleobas- 

Tan kontaqtebis gaaqtiurebis kvaldakval. am procesSi Tavis 

rols asrulebs qarTuli telearxebis xelmisawvdomoba. 

amrigad, axlo momavalSi samxrul kilo-TqmebSi mniSvnelovani 

cvlilebebia savaraudo (es procesi ukve dawyebulia), ris 

gamoc saSuria am unikaluri metyvelebis (qarTvelologiisaTvis 

namdvili saganZuris) saswrafod dokumentireba, multimediuri 

korpusis _ video da audiofailebis kompetenturi bazis Seqmna. 

T e d o u T u r g a i Z e 


gansxva 

sxvave 

vebul model 

delTa unifi 

fika 

kacia samwer 

mwerlo 

lobo 

qarTul 

Tulsa da dialeq 

leqteb 

tebSi 

Zvel qarTulSi aqtantTa m r a v l o b i T i r i c x v i gansxvavbulad 

iwarmoeboda i-/e- prefiqsian pasivTa da, meore 

mxriT, sxva tipis pasivTa (-en 

∼ -d sufiqsiani da uniSno vnebi- 

Tebi) II seriis formebSi, kerZod: i-/e- prefiqsian pasivebs 

aGeniSnebodaT mr. ricxvis yarbi (ormagi) warmoeba (gavizard- 

45

en-i-T, gavezard-en 

en-i-T), rac miuGebeli iKo sxva tipis pasiveb- 

Si. es gansxvaveba samwerlobo (resp. saliteraturo) qarTulSi 

unificirebuli, dialeqtebSi ki dGemde daculia bevrgan. 

rac Seexeba meore tipis pasivebs, aq Zveli qarTuli modeli 

kargad aris daculi Tanamedrove qarTulSi, garda TuSuri 

dialeqtisa, razec Cven ukve mivuTiTeT (gavSr-en 

en-T, gaSr-n-es 

es; 

davberd-en 

en-T, daberd-n-es 

es). 

Cans, e s t e n d e n c i a m T l a d u c x o a r a r i s s a m w e r - 

l o b o q a r T u l i s T v i s a c, magaliTad: `d a C C u n e s ƒorcni 

misni, viTarca Krmisa~ (baqaris biblia, iob. 33,: 25); Sdr. `moaCunes 

sxeulni misni viTarca Krmisa CC‚lisani~ (0, iob. 33, 25). d a C - 

C u n e s : m o aC u n e s (pasivi: aqtivi) dapirispireba xdeba uniSno 

vnebiTTa da maTgan nawarmoeb aqtivTa tradiciuli wesiT 

(Sdr. Srebis: aSrobs, qrebis: aqrobs; gaSra: gaaSro, Caqra: Caaqro...). 

savaraudebelia, rom am zmnas mimGeobac uniSno vnebiTTa 

wesiT ukeTdeboda: d a m C u a r i , sawKisad ki i. abula 

laZes 

leqsikonSi 

gautania m o C C u ( e b ) a , romelic nawarmoebia aqtivis 

formidan. pasivTa formebidan sawKisi arc iwarmoeba. 

n a T e l a f a r t e n a Z e 


zmniswin 

winTa 

monac 

nacvle 

vleoba da dama 

mate 

tebi 

biTi 

funqci 

qciebi samxrul metyve 

tyvele 

leba 

baSi 

Cveulebriv, zmniswini zmnis mniSvnelobasTan mWidrodaa 

dakavSirebuli da iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba, TiTqos ama Tu 

im zmniswinis sxva zmniswiniT Secvla (ra Tqma unda, am SemTxvevaSi 

ar igulisxmeba Senacvlebuli zmniswinis mier zmnisaTvis 

ZiriTadi mniSvnelobis Secvla) SeuZlebelia, magram dialeqtebSi 

aseTi SemTxvevebi arc Tu ise iSviaTia. 

zmniswinTa Senacvlebas unda iwvevdes funqciaTa erTianoba. 

zogjer erTi da igive funqcia SeiZleba ramdenime zmniswiniT 

gadmoices; amas garda SeiZleba erT romelime mimarTule- 

46 

baze ori gansxvavebuli zmniswini miuTiTebdes. erTi sityviT, 

garkveul situaciaSi zmniswinebi erTmaneTis magivrobas ewevian, 

Tu rogor da ramdenad srulyofilad, amas samxruli Canawerebis 

mixedviT ganvixilavT. 

samxrulSi sakmaod xSiria wa- zmniswiniT mo- zmniswiniani 

formebis Canacvleba svlisØ semantikis zmnebSi: wa-di 

dian 

an, wamo- 

dian 

an, wa-vdi 

vdivarT 

varT, wa-ga 

gabmen 

bmen...; 

zogjer ga- zmniswini enacvleba Se- zmniswinian formebs: 

ga-vpir 

vpirdi 

di, ga-vwux 

vwuxdi 

di...; 

gvxvdeba da- zniswinis ga- zmniswiniT Canacvleba: ga-ga 

gawyna 

wyna- 

ros, ga-msu 

msubuq 

buqda 

da, ga-pir 

pirdi 

di, ga-is 

isve 

vena 

na(//ge 

ge-is 

isve 

vena 

na), ga-svel 

svelda 

da...; 

mo- zmniswinis ga-zmniswiniT Senacvleba: ga-tyvil 

tyvilde 

deba 

ba, gamo-/ 

wamo- monacvleoba- wamo-vab 

vabru 

rune 

da a. S. 

garda monacvleobisa, samxruli metyveleba zmniswinTa damatebTi 

funqciebis mravalferovnebiTac gamoirCeva. esenia: intensioba, 

odnaoba, moCvenebiToba, uneblioba da a. S. unda 

aRiniSnos, rom damatebiTi niuansebis gamoxatva yvela zmniswins 

ar SeuZlia, is mxolod erTi romelime maTganis specifikuri 

niSan _ Tviseba SeiZleba iyos. 

zmniswinis damatebiTi niuansebi sruli aspeqtis gamoxatvasTanaa 

kavSirSi. yvela is zmnuri forma, romelic raRac specifikur 

Sinaarss Seicavs da damatebiTi niuansebi gaaCnia, 

upirveles yovlisa, sruli aspeqtisaa. 

samxrulSi, damatebiT funqciaTagan, yvelaze metad gamokveTilia 

odnaoba da intensioba. moqmedebis sicotaveze, odnaobaze 

ZiriTadad migviTiTebs wa-, wamo- zmniswinebi: wa-av 

avle 

le, 

wa-bu 

bure 

re, wa-ga 

gave 

ve, wa-xsna 

xsna, wa-ka 

kara 

(wa 

wa-kra 

kra), wa-aa 

aasu 

suqa 

qa, wa-rCa 

rCa, wa- 

Tlima 

ma, wu-ma 

mata 

ta, wamo-dva 

dva, wame 

me-is 

isxa 

xa, wamo-wia 

wia, wamo-xe 

xeda 

da, wamo- 

cimcim 

cimda 

da..., amave funqcias asrulebs mo- da Se- zmniswinebic: 

mo-vRa 

Rale 

le, mo-wva 

wva, mo-sva 

sva, mo-SuS 

SuSda 

da, mo-xri 

xrisa 

sa; Se-Tbe 

Tbeba 

ba, Se-aye 

aye- 

na, Se-us 

uswo 

wora 

ra, da a. S. 

intensioba, rogorc wesi, gadmoicema da- zmniswiniT: da-kten 

kten, 

da-as 

astav 

tavle 

le, da-atyvi 

atyvile 

le, da-Ro 

Robe 

be, da-cri 

cri, da-te 

texe 

xe, da-siv 

sivda 

da, 

da-aS 

aSro 

ro..., Tumca maT gverdiT, intensiobis gamosaxatavad 

gvxvdeba- Camo-gi 

giki 

kiTxo 

Txo, ga-kre 

krefi 

filan 

lan... zmniswiniani formebic. 

rac Seexeba sxva damatebiT funqciebs, isini ase gamokveTili 

araa samxrulSi, Tumca met-naklebad mainc dasturdeba. 

47

m a m i a f a R a v a 


Zveli qarTu 

Tuli leqsi 

sika 

samxrul kilo 

loeb 

ebSi 

samxruli kiloebis leqsikaSi ramdenime fena unda gamoiyos: 

a. Zveli qarTuli; b. saerToqarTveluri; g. nasesxebi da 

d. dialeqturi leqsika. sainteresoa Zveli qarTuli fena samxruli 

metyvelebis leqsikaSi: 

1. xocavs 

_ wmends (aWaruli, SavSuri klarjuli). Zv. qar- 

Tuli moƒoca 

ƒoca: mohƒocda sisxlsa wmidisa andreanesasa (andr. 

ant. 220,21); 2. rcxa _ recxva (SavSuri, klarjuli). Zv. qarTuli: 

rcxides 

maT cremliTa (m. cx. 9r). Zvel qarTulSi dasturdeba: 

gamorcxa 

rcxa, ganrcxa 

rcxa, mrcxeli 

li, sarcxe 

rcxeli 

li. igive fuZe 

dasturdeba saSual qarTulSic. 3. qori 

_ sabZeli (SavSuri). 

Zv. qarTuli qori 

ri: jda qorsa 

mas sazafxulosa martod (M. msj. 

3,20). igive Ziria qored 

redØSi _ qoriani: iyo saxlsa mas qored 

red- 

sa... (I, ierem.20,2)... aRvniSnavT, rom dialeqtSi qoris mniSvneloba 

odnav gansxvavebulia; 4. kaka 

kali 

_ cali, erTi cali... 

(erTis mniSvnelobiT kaka 

kali 

gvxvdeba aWarulSi, SavSurSi, 

klarjulSi, gurulSi, aseve kolxursa da svanurSi). igive mniSvnelobiT 

kaka 

ka(li 

li) dadasturda Zv. qarTulSi kompozitSi 

erTka 

Tkaka 

_ calkaka...: ara mouƒdes kaci... erTka 

Tkaka 

ka G, nu movaln 

kaci ... erTka 

Tkaka 

ka (levit. 21,20); kaci 

_ qmris mniSvnelobiT 

gvxvdeba aWarulSi, SavSurSi, klarjulSi, taourSi, zogierT 

sxva kiloSic. igive mniSvneloba aqvs mas Zvel qarTulSic: 

qalwulsa, Txovilisa qmarsa 

DE, qalwulisa gaTxovilisa kacsa 

(C. l. 1,27); 6. yaWi 

_ abreSumis Wiis mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba 

aWarulSi. Zv. qarTulSi yaWi abreSumis mniSvnelobiT ixmareba: 

romeli-igi (sTuli) giqmnis Tquen Wiaman yaWi 

Wisa 

saman 

saquslad 

samoslisa lbilisa (b. kes. 121,8); 7. asaxne 

neli 

_ gamocana 

(aWaruli), vinc gamocanas xsnis _ amxsne 

xsnelia 

lia. Sdr. Zv. qarTuli 

aRmƒne 

neli 

li: myvna SewevniTa RmrTisaTa aRmƒnel 

da ganmbWobel 

saqmesa kninRa dafarulsa (A. 129,8); 8. zimTi 

_ aWarulSi (qobuleTur 

kilokavSi) ixmareba fisis mniSvnelobiT. igi fonetikuri 

varianti Cans Zv. qarTuli ZivTi 

TiØsa: bZana ... dadnoba 

48 

ZivTi 

Tisa 

da mduRarisa mis dasxma TavTa maTTa zeda 

((A. 129,285r, 8-12 b); 9. banja 

jari 

_ mwvanili, balaxi ixmareba Zv. 

qarTulSi: viTarca banja 

jari 

SemWnari (es. 37,27). SavSeTSi mTis 

balaxia fanja 

jari 

(

J. f e i q r i S v i l i, r. s a R i n a Z e, e. d a d i a n i 

(quTaisi. a. wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti) 

imeru 

ruli dialeq 

leqtis Seswav 

swavlis isto 

tori 

riisa 

saTvis 

(axa 

axali saleq 

leqsi 

siko 

kono masa 

sala 

la) 

dialeqturi masalis mopovebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba 

aqvs dialeqtis srulyofili Seswavlisa da enis Tanamedrove 

Tu istoriuli viTarebis kvlevisaTvis. 

moxseneba miznad isaxavs quTaisis saxelmwifo universitetis 

qarTuli enis kaTedris TanamSromlis aw gansvenebuli leila 

uklebas mier Sekrebili dialeqturi masalis analizs, agreTve, 

misi wignis ìmeruli dialeqtis saleqsikono masala" 

prezentacias. 

wignSi warmodgenilia imeruli leqsika, sityvaformebi da 

gamoTqmebi (1700-mde erTeuli). avtors gamowvlilviT aqvs Seswavlili 

erTi soflis, kerZod, baRdaTis raionis sofel roxis 

.metyveleba. 

aRniSnuli masala arsebul ganmartebiTsa da dialeqtur 

leqsikonebTan Sedareba-Sejerebis safuZvelze dajgufda Semdegnairad: 

a) sityvebi, romlebic gamocemul leqsikonebSi ar dasturdeba. 

magaliTad: aleSke 

kere 

rebu 

buli 

(lamazad zeaweuli warbebi, 

gadarkaluli), aWofavs 

(windas Casacmelad moimarjvebs), ga- 

mfrinva 

vale 

(samijnuro saqmeebSi daostatebuli qali), iqlur 

lur- 

ceba 

(Cumad tiris), kaka 

kaurobs 

(gamudmebiT mReris an bevrs ki- 

Txulobs xmamaRla), kanko 

koCa 

(patara, dabali skami), JiJma 

mari 

ri- 

tobs (wvalobs, eZineba, magram ver iZinebs), qoTi 

Tila 

lares 

(cudi 

suni asdis), Rulam 

lambre 

brebi 

bi (lokonebi), cisqno 

noba 

bamdis 

(cis simaRlemde, 

gadat. metismetad, Zalian), wenwi 

wi (tanwvrili da maRali 

biWi), Wopnis 

(keravs), xinca 

cali 

(acma)... 

b) sityvebi, romelTac gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba aqvs: 

aagun 

gunda 

davebs 

(Tavis nebaze atrialebs, aTamaSebs), gamoCxa 

Cxaku 

kuli 

(Wreli an Ria feris Tvalebi), ezurgu 

gule 

leba 

(nakli aqvs), 

Riji 

ji-Ri 

Riji 

(erTi da imaves CiCini), wamwa 

mwaTxavs 

(waTovs wylians)... 

g) xatovani gamonaTqvamebi: burda 

dava 

valas iZaxis 

(arxeinadaa, 

araferi edardeba), busTa 

Tavis sama 

mari 

rile 

(metsaxeli, gasajavrebe- 

50 

li gamoTqma), eniT warbebs iswo 

worebs 

(enagrZelia); mTis Citi 

mTas Seak 

akvda 

(sadac daibada, iq unda mokvdes); safCxi 

fCxile ar 

amouvi 

vides 

(suli ar wauvides; ityvian bavSvze, romelic Sescqeris 

sxvis Wamas da miawodeben saWmels), wveni gemos gada- 

hyva (male SeiWama)... 

l. uklebas mier moZiebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi saintereso 

da faseulia imeruli dialeqtisa da zogadad qarTuli 

enis leqsikis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT. 

n a T i a f o n i a v a 

(Tbilisi. iv. javaxiSvilis sax. saxelmwifo universiteti) 

Cxoro 

rowyus raionis sofel WoRis 

topo 

poni 

nimi 

miidan 

Cxorowyus raionis geogrefiul saxelebs monografiuli 

gamokvleva miuZRvna p. cxadaiam, Tumca zogi toponimikuri er- 

Teuli, maT Soris _ sofel WoRisac, wignSi ar aris warmodgenili. 

Cven mxolod aseTebs SevexebiT. 

pirvel WoRis bakureTis ubanSi aris ramdenime mikroubani, 

romelTa saxeldeba momxdara saTanado teritoriaze ama Tu im 

gvaris dasaxlebis mixedviT: 

leTo 

Todue 

_ saxlobs Toduebis ramdenime ojaxi. 

leab 

abSi 

Sile 

_ abSilavebis ori ojaxi cxovrobs. maTi gvari 

sofel Taiidan gadmosaxlebula XX s-is dasawyisSi. 

lexo 

xobe 

bele 

_ leabSiles gagrZelebaa. cxovroben umetesad 

xobeliebi. maTi winapari xobeli aznauri yofila da TavadTan 

ukmayofilebis gamo gadmosaxlebula WoRaSi daaxloebiT XVIII 

saukuneSi. 

n a s a x l a r e b i 

bakureTSi, leTodues mikroubanSi dasturdeba nasaxlarebi: 

sofi 

fiaS noxo 

xori 

ri, petreS noxo 

xori 

ri, geraS noxo 

xori 

ri. 

bakureTSi, lepatares ubanSi aris Semdegi nasaxlarebi: ka- 

koS noxo 

xori 

ri, daTi 

TikoS noxo 

xori 

ri, avTaS noxo 

xori 

ri, iakoS noxo 

xori 

ri, 

lazaS noxo 

xori 

ri. 

51

yvela aRniSnuli nasaxlari saTanado anTroponimebs ukav- 

Sirdeba (sofia, petre, gera, kako, daTiko, avTa, iako, laza; 

noxori `nasaxlari~). 

tyeebis monakveTebi saxeldebulia iq gavrcelebuli da 

ufro damaxasiaTebeli mcenareTa saxelebis mixedviT: 

tungo 

gona 

`tungis tye~ _ mdebareobs pirveli WoRis centrTan. 

sakmaod vrcel teritoriaze gaSenebulia tungis plantacia. 

akaci 

ciona 

àkaciis tye~ da cximu 

muro 

rona 

`rcxilnari~ _ bakureTis 

ubanSi, leTodueSi. 

leku 

kuxo 

xona 

`xeWrelis tye~ _ bakureTis ubanSi, alavanCiasTan. 

f e r d o b e b i 

bardRa 

dRaSi ferdi 

_ lexobeleSi mdebareobs. bardRa adamianis 

saxelia. 

Skedo 

dona 

na|| 

||Sqe 

Sqedo 

dona 

_ ferdobi bakureTSi. Skedi 

di|| 

||Sqe 

Sqedi 

`gorakis 

(mTis) Crdiliani (CrdiloeTi) ferdobi~, romelsac mze 

iSviaTad udgeba. 

R e l e e b i 

naves 

vesRa 

Rali 

`navesis Rele~ _ bakureTis ubanSi. Rele gamoedineba 

Cais plantaciebis teritoriidan. Relis siaxloves yofila 

Cais mimRebi punqti _ navesi da Relesac misi saxeli darqmevia. 

barbarizmia. Sdr. rus. навес `farduli~. 

wyena 

naRa 

Rali 

_ meore WoRaSi. Cndeba mxolod wyaldidobisas, 

sxva dros damSralia, adideba icis da ase imitom eZaxiano. 

m i w i s n a k v e T e b i 

alavan 

vanCia 

_ mdebareobs bakureTis ubanSi, kerZod, leab- 

SileSi. gzispirisgan Cadablebul adgilas, yanis gverdiT. ala 

gverdiT mdebareobis, myofobis aRmniSvneli zmniswini unda 

iyos, van 

vanCia 

ki megr. va 

vana 

na-s `yanis~ kninobiTi forma (-Cia 

Cia|| 

||-Ci 

kninobiTobis mawarmoebeli Cans). 

damba 

_ mdinare oCxomuris mimdebare monakveTi, farTo, 

dabali adgili, romelic wyaldidobisas mTlianad itboreboda. 

tranCa 

Caia 

_ hqvia Cais plantacias pirvel WoRaSi, romlis 

rigebs Soris farTo daSorebaa. 

naba 

bagur 

gur _ SoniaTis ubanSi, pirvel WoRaSi. am adgilas 

kolmeurneobis baguri ferma yofila. amave saxelwodebis to- 

52 

ponimi aris lejvates ubanSic. 

naSvriu 

_ JuRuSi ewodeba erT-erT farTobs. rogorc 

Cans, im adgilas Svria mohyavdaT. 

m o r e v e b i 

kaki 

kiSi toba 

_ morevi lejvateSi. kaki qalis saxeli yofila. 

griSa 

SaSi Si toba 

_ morevi bakureTSi. sainteresoa, rom adre 

mas ladiS 

toba 

erqva (griSas mamis saxeli). 

ofucxo 

cxole 

_ morevi goWkadilSi. aq Turme bevri Tevzi 

iyrida Tavs da TevzsaWers dgamdnen (Sdr. megr. fucxol-ua 

`swrafi, xmauriani moZraoba~). 

w y a r o e b i 

cabu 

buaS wyurgi 

gili 

_ bakureTSi, navesRal-Tan axlos. 

cvicviS viS wyurgi 

gili 

_ WoRis centrTan mdebare sasaflaos 

gzaze. 

varla 

lamiS wyari 

_ mdebareobs WoRisa da nafiCxovos sazRvarze. 

wyaroTa ganxiluli saxelwodebebi Sesityvebebia, romelTa 

pirveli komponenti anTroponimia (cabua, cvicvi, varlami), meore 

komponenti _ wyurgili, wyari `wyaro~. 

bume wyari 

_ meore WoRaSi. p. cxadaiasTanac aris dafiqsirebuli 

mdinare bume (Cven Sesityveba davadastureT). 

nainW 

inW àdgili, sadac Wa yofila~ _ mdebareobs pirveli 

WoRis centrSi, yofili kolmeurneobis Senobis qvemoT. 

aq Cven ganvixileT mxolod nawili im toponimTagan, romlebic 

sofel WoRaSi CaviwereT; ivaraudeba, rom momavalSi mis 

Seswavlas davubrundebiT. 

53

e l z a f u t k a r a Z e 


xato 

tova 

vani sityva 

tyva-Tqma 

Tqmani 

`Cve 

Cvene 

nebu 

bure 

rebis 

qarTu 

Tulis 

lis~ mixed 

xedviT 

qarTuli literaturuli memkvidreoba, xalxis cocxali 

sasaubro metyveleba mdidaria xatovani sityva-TqmebiT. aRniSnul 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT araerTgzis gamaxvilebula yuradReba 

saenaTmecniero literaturaSi, Tumca sakiTxi naklebadaa 

Seswavlili qarTuli enis dialeqtebis mixedviT. es yvelaze metad 

samxrul-dasavluri dialeqtebis mimarT iTqmis. am kuTxiT 

arsebuli sicariele namdvilad Seavso profesor SuSana futkaraZis 

wignma `Cveneburebis qarTuli~. fasdaudebelia `Cveneburebis 

qarTulis~ teqstebi Tavisi leqsikiT, gramatikuli formebiT. 

faqtiurad, am teqstebiT gveqmneba safuZvliani warmodgena 

samxrul-dasavlur dialeqtebze. Cvens Tvalwin cocxldeba dialeqti, 

romelsac daucavs bevri saintereso leqsikuri forma 

Tu gramatikuli Tavisebureba. am dialeqturma jgufma bunebrivia, 

rom ganicada ucxo enis gavlena, magram masSi mainc dakristalebulia 

Zveli qarTuli enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli leqsikuri 

erTeulebi da morfologiur-sintaqsuri Taviseburebani. swored 

am kuTxiTaa is saintereso da mniSvnelovanic. am dialeqtis 

cocxal metyvelebaze xangrZlivi da sistemuri dakvirvebis Sedegia 

teqstSi TavCenili xalxuri xatovani sityva-Tqmebi. isic 

naTelia, rom xalxuri sityva-Tqmebis Seswavla garkveul siZneleebTan 

aris dakavSirebuli. aseTi masalis mopoveba xalxTan 

uSualo urTierTobas moiTxovs, rac sakmaod rTulia. 

naSromSi gaanalizebuli iqneba `Cveneburebis qarTulidan~ 

amokrebili zogierTi xatovani sityva-Tqma. magaliTisaTvis, ki- 

bilis tvine 

nebis gayra 

yra, Tuale 

lebis Cayra 

yra, a bis bukze Semokra 

kra, 

wveris pirSi CaCra 

Cra, derdis 

disgan galew 

lewva 

va, mercxa 

rcxali gaSpa 

Spa, yu- 

suris Cuqe 

qeba 

ba, sityvis TafliT moWra 

Wra, xel ar meiWams 

Wams... 

dialeqts uamravi xatovani sityva-Tqma daucavs, romlebic 

saliteraturo enis leqsikuri fondis gamdidreba-gamravalferovnebis 

wyaroa. garda amisa, isini enis saxeobriobacaa. SesaZlebelia, 

maT gza gaekafos da damkvidrdes samwerlobo enaSi. 

54 

n a T i a f u t k a r a Z e 


-d-eb 

eb-a da i-/e--- 

i 

---eb 

eb-a struqtu 

turis 

zmnebi aWarul 

rulSi 

-d-eb 

eb-a da i-- 

--eb 

eb-a struqturis zmnebi qarTul enaSi, rogorc 

wesi, erTpiriani vnebiTi gvaris zmnebia; es znebi meore 

diaTezis avtoaqtivebadac aris kvalificirebuli. qarTuli 

enis aWarul dialeqtSi erTpiriania zogi e- prefiqsiani zmnac 

(eTxveba `Txovdeba~). 

moxsenebaSi warmodgenili iqneba aWaruli dialeqtis 

-d-eb 

eb-a (mohazirdeba, qorwildeba) da i-/ e-- 

--eb 

eb-a agebulebis 

zmnebis (iareba, iTleba, eTxveba) paradigmebi. sakiTxi Seswavlili 

iqneba qarTvelur masalaze dayrdnobiT (kvleva emyareba 

`qarTuli dialeqtologiuri korpusis~ masalebs, jer gamouqveynebel 

teqstebs). 

S u S a n a f u t k a r a Z e, 


e l z a f u t k a r a Z e, 


m e d e a r i J v a Z e 


sofel gevlis metyve 

tyvele 

lebis 

Tavi 

vise 

sebu 

bure 

reba 

bani 

gevli 

erTi lamazi sofelia mdinare murRulis xeobaSi 

(TurqeTis respublika, arTvinis vilaieTi). igi daba murRulidan 

daSorebulia eqvsi kilometriT. sofeli sakmaod mozrdilia. am- 

Jamad 200 komli cxovrobs. aqaurebi ZirZveli qarTuli modgmis 

STamomavlebi arian _ varSa 

Sani 

niZe 

Zeebi 

bi, kikna 

naZe 

Zeebi 

bi, surma 

mani 

niZe 

Zeebi 

bi, ja- 

yele 

lebi 

bi. marTalia, bevrs aRar axsovs Tavisi Zveli qarTuli gvari, 

magram qarTvelobis Segneba aravis daukargavs. sarfis karis 

55

gaxsnis Semdeg maT moZebnes TavianTi naTesavebi dedasamSobloSi. 

dRes yvela murRulelma icis, rom uxsovari droidan moyolebuli 

maTi geni, fesvi qarTvelTa istoriul samSobloSi xarobs. 

murRulis xeobis qarTuli nigaluri kilos Tqmaa, rasac 

sofel gevlis metyvelebaze dakvirvebac adasturebs xolme. 

aqaurTa metyvelebas Semounaxavs uZvelesi enobrivi Taviseburebani 

da nigaluri kilosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli dialeqturi 

formebi. moxsenebaSi gaanalizebulia 2010 wlis agvis 

visto 

toSi 

sofel gevlSi Cawerili dialeqturi teqstebi. warmoCenilia 

fone 

neti 

tikur 

kur-gra 

grama 

mati 

tiku 

kuli 

da leqsi 

siku 

kuri Tavi 

vise 

sebu 

bure 

reba 

bani 

ni. 

gansakuTrebuli interesi daimsaxura kiTxviTma a- nawilakma. 

igi gvxvdeba rogorc kiTxviTsityvian, ise ukiTxviTsityvo 

kiTxviT winadadebaSi. mag. vin xara?; didi xara?; surmaniZe xar- 

Ta?; aq qnaia qorwili?; arxataSi yavsa? Cuena naTesavebi varTa? 

Svilebi gyavsa?; baTumsa vnaxav mea?... (a- nawilakze modis maxvili). 

obieqtis mravlobiTi ricxvis pirveli piri zmnaSi gamoxatulia 

TavsarT man-iT: Cuena RmerTman deme 

meSu 

Suelen 

len; Cuena ar 

geme 

meya 

yara 

avni (gagveyara); momces 

mces maswavleblebsa maaSi (xelfasi 

mogvces); mawvi 

vies 

(migviwvies) parlamenToSi; parkSi momar 

marTves 

saWmeli (mogvarTves)... 

gardamavali zmnis pirveli seriis mwkrivis formebTan pirdapiri 

obieqti dgas saxelobiT brunvaSi, subieqti ki moTxrobiTSia, 

rac lazurTan siaxlovis Sedegia: kacma 

aswavlis; xo- 

jebma 

iZaxian locva, Zveleb 

lebma 

Romi 

daTesevden; vaWreb 

rebma Tu- 

Tuni 

gayidevden; gamevtandiT mari 

rili 

li; saWmelsa kaka 

kali 

muayriT; 

baba 

bama 

xari 

amuSavebda... 

mimzidvel lingvistur suraTs qmnis sofel gevlis `mi 

miwis 

ena~ anu topo 

pono 

nomia 

mia. adgilTa saxelebi TiTqmis mTlianad qar- 

Tulia, rogoricaa: alaver 

verTi 

Ti, arxva 

xva, bilon 

lonca 

cara 

ra, biWi 

WieTi 

Ti, 

boRle 

leTi 

Ti, buju 

juri 

ri, gola 

laxu 

xura 

ra, gugu 

gulav 

lavri 

ri, eregu 

guna 

na, vaSa 

Sane 

neTi 

Ti, 

zemdi 

diTi 

Ti, ziare 

reTi 

Ti, Toxve 

veTi 

Ti, Turna Tefe 

(qe 

qedi 

di), kildi 

diya 

yana 

na, 

koko 

kore 

reTi 

Ti, kola 

laRi 

Rika 

kari 

ri, kutu 

tune 

neTi 

Ti, mari 

rile 

levi 

vi, Camlu 

mlugi 

gi, maCaq 

Caq- 

veTi 

Ti, muRe 

Rele 

leTi 

Ti, nakut 

kutne 

nevi 

vi, nase 

sela 

lavi 

vi, sakla 

klavi 

vi, farex Tefe 

(qe 

qedi 

di), qame 

mele 

leTi 

Ti, qeri 

rieTi 

Ti, Sari 

riTa 

Tavi 

vi, Cqolna 

nari 

ri, wversi 

siqi 

qiTi 

Ti, 

wiTlo 

loba 

baTi 

Ti, wablo 

lova 

vani 

ni, wyaro 

roTi 

Ti, wyalfan 

fanCu 

Cura 

ra, xara 

rati 

tieTi 

Ti, xa- 

Wike 

keTi 

Ti, xiti 

tina 

na, xober 

berke 

keTi 

Ti... moxsenebaSi gaanalozebulia toponimTa 

sityva-Zirebi da fuZeebi. 

56 

sofel gevlis 

toponimebis erTi nawili moxseniebulia so- 

fel kori 

ride 

deTis 

wm. mariam RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesiis sa- 

xare 

rebis 

(berZnul enazea gadawerili me-8 saukuneSi) mina 

nawe 

wereb 

rebSi 

Si. 

minawerebi Zvirfas istoriul wyaros warmoadgens murRulis 

xeobis warsulis Sesaswavlad. swored am minawerebidan dadasturda, 

rom Zvel saqarTveloSi politikurad da ekonomiurad 

dawinaurebuli murRulis mxaris gamgeblebi X-XIII saukuneebSi 

iyvnen saqarTvelos istoriaSi cnobili jaye 

yele 

lebi 

bi-aTa 

aTaba 

bage 

ge- 

bi. warwerebi mogviTxroben, Tu romeli adgilebi Seswires maT 

korideTis eklesias. cnobilia, rom ioane jayel 

yelma 

da yuTlu 

lu- 

arslan 

slanma 

(Tamar mefis epoqis cnobilma pirovnebebma) korideTis 

wm. mariam RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesias Seswires adgilebi- 

orWi 

Wisi 

da TixCe 

CeTi 

Ti. es geografiuli saxelebi dResac cocxalia 

sofel gevlis mimdebare ubanSi. korideTis saxarebis minawereb- 

Si moxseniebuli geografiuli saxelebisa da alis ekle 

lesi 

siis 

is 

(focxovi) svinaq 

naqsa 

sare 

rebis 

monacemTa mixedviT dgindeba, rom yuT- 

lu-ar 

arsla 

slani 

da xuaSa 

Saqi 

coqa 

qali 

iyvnen jayel 

yelTa 

sagvareulo saxlis 

Svilebi da erTmaneTis uaxloesi naTesavebi. 

murRulis xeobis qarTuli soflebis metyvelebis Seswavla 

kvlavac bevr saintereso suraTs gadaSlis ara marto qar- 

Tul enaTmec 

mecni 

niere 

reba 

baSi 

Si, aramed saqar 

qarTve 

Tvelos isto 

tori 

riis 

is araerT 

dRemde naklebad Seswavlil sakiTxsac mohfens xolme naTels. 

m i x e i l q a m a d a Z e 


-ian 

ian- sufiq 

fiqsiT 

gafor 

forme 

mebu 

buli 

gvare 

rebi aWara 

raSi 

aWaraSi gavrcelebuli gvarebi metwilad Ze daboloebiT 

gvxvdeba. SedarebiT naklebia Svilze daboloebuli gvarsaxelebi. 

xolo -ian 

ian-sufiqsiT gvarebis gaformeba aWaris regionisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli araa. 

jaiani, avaliani, dadiani, yifiani, axvlediani, ciciani // cicianiZe... 

es sagvareuloebi aWaraSi sxvadasxva dros arian mo- 

57

suli (upiratesad samegrelo-svaneTidan). amis Sesaxeb mocemuli 

gvarebis warmomadgenlebic miuTiTeben. 

mag., cicianebi svaneTidan mosulan da amJamindeli qedis 

raionis sof. saRoreTSi dasaxlebulan. Semdeg zogi maTgani 

Suaxevis raionis sof. cxemlisSi gadasula sacxovreblad. sof. 

saRoreTSi mcxovrebni amJamad cicianiZed iwerebian, cxemlisSi 

ki-cicianad. 

svaneTidan warmomavloben, agreTve Suaxevis raionis soflebSi 

mcxovrebi yifianebi, qedis raionis sof. dandaloSi 

mcxovrebi avalianebi. . . 

avaliani Tavadaznaurul gvarebs miekuTvneba. 1912 wels 

saolqo wodebriv komisias daukmayofilebia avalianTa ramdenime 

ojaxis Txovna da aRudgenia maTTvis Tavadis wodeba. 

moxsenebaSi saubari iqneba -ian 

ian- sufiqsiT gaformebuli 

sxva gvarebis warmomavlobazec. 

m e d e a R l o n t i 


ufal-is da RmerT-is leqsi 

sikur 

kur-se 

seman 

manti 

tiku 

kuri 

arCe 

Ceva 

vani 

nisa 

saTvis qarTul dialeq 

leqteb 

tebSi 

1. wmida ioane damaskeli Tavis `gardamocemaSi~ sagangebod 

aRniSnavs, rom RmerTis saxelTagan upiratesi da umjobesia arsi 

`myofi~, romliTac ucxadesad (ùsakuTresad~) warmoCndeba 

RmerTis WeSmariti Sinaarsi _ `myofi; `romeli-igi ars~, anu 

ìs, romelic myofobs, aris (maradis)~ (Sdr. gamoslvaTa 3, 13-14). 

RmerTis meore upirates saxelad wmida mama asaxelebs sakuTriv 

RmerTs _ berZn. Teos 

os-s, romliTac warmoCndeba arsis 

(myofis) moqmedeba (← berZn. Teein 

`srbola~). 

igive wmida mama gvimowmebs, rom ufali 

li, meufe 

fe, damba 

mbade 

debe 

be- 

li, Semoqme 

qmedi 

di, mwyemsi 

da amis msgavsi saxelebiT warmoCndeba 

mTqmelis (adamianis) damokidebuleba RmerTisadmi (`T‚sebasa 

warmoaCenen winaukmo ganyofilTa mimarT~), kerZod: RmerTi 

58 

ufalia 

imisTvis, vis mimarTac uflebulia, anu visTvisac 

RmerTi uzenaesi baton-patronia _ ufali RmerTia; msgavsad 

amisa, RmerTi imisTvisaa meufe 

fe, visTvisac RmerTi uzenaesi mefea; 

Sesabamisad, damba 

mbade 

debe 

beli 

_ imisTvisaa, vinc Tavs RvTis 

Svilad miiCnevs, Semoqme 

qmedi 

ki imisTvis, vinc Tavs RvTis qmnilebad 

aRiarebs da a. S. 

2. qarTuli ufalis 

da RmerTis 

leqsikur-semantikuri ar- 

Cevani srulad emTxveva wmida ioane damaskelis zemoT moniSnul 

mowmobas, Sdr.: 

erTi mxriv, qarT. RmerTi 

mniSvnelobiT: `RmerTi; zebunebrivi 

arseba~ (qegl-i); `suli naTeli dausabamo~ (sulxan-saba); 

àrseba pirvel saukuno (daviT CubinaSvili)~; 

meore mxriv, polisemiuri qarT. ufali 

mniSvnelobebiT: 

`1. igivea, rac RmerTi; 2. (wign.) batoni, patroni, mbrZanebeli~ 

(qegl-i); `patroni (vaJi), gina RmerTi~ (sulxan-saba); `samRuTo 

werilSi o~‚i; RmerTi, dambadebeli, meufe, batoni, 

patroni~ (daviT CubinaSvili); `patroni, mflobeli, qriste~ 

(ilia abulaZe); ùfrosi, batoni, patroni~ (ivane imnaiSvili); 

`batoni RmerTi~ (zurab sarjvelaZe). 

amasTan erTad, uaRresad maRalia sixSire da produqtiuloba 

RmerTis 

Semcveli kompozitebisa qarTulSi: RmerTka 

Tkaci 

ci, 

RmerTmyo 

Tmyofe 

feli 

li, RmerTqmnu 

Tqmnule 

leba 

ba, RmrTivda 

dacu 

culi 

li, RmrTismSo 

mSo- 

beli 

li, RmrTisme 

metyu 

tyueli 

li, RmrTismsa 

msaxu 

xuri 

da a. S. _ qarTuli 

ena aseulze met msgavs kompozits iTvlis. magram gacilebiT 

dabalia RmerT-isgan warmoebulTa produqtiuloba (RmrTe 

RmrTeeba 

ba, 

saRmrTo 

RmrTo, uRmrTo 

mrTo... 

...). aseve SedarebiT mcire jgufs Seadgens 

RmerTis 

Semcveli dalocvisa da ficilis frazeologizmebi 

(RmerTs 

ebare 

rebo 

bode 

de... 

...). 

amisgan gansxvavebiT, ufalis 

Semcveli oriode kompoziti 

mogvepoveba (uf 

uflis 

liswu 

wuli 

`mefis an didebulis Ze, asuli; memkvidre~; 

uflis 

lis-mo 

moyu 

yuare 

`patronis, batonis moyvaruli~); samagierod, 

mravalferovania da uaRresad maRalia ufalis 

lisgan 

warmoebulTa sixSire (120-ze meti leqsikuri erTeuli _ 73 

damoukidebeli semantikuri veliT). 

ufalis 

da RmerTis 

leqsikur-semantikuri arCevanis TvalsazrisiT, 

gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRebia is, rom komponenti 

RmerT- kompozitebSi TiTqmis ugamonaklisod inarCunebs ùze- 

59

naesi RmerTis~ an `yovelive zeciuris~ semantikas. amasTan, aseve 

TiTqmis ugamonaklisod Zneldeba RmerT- komponentis Canacvleba 

ufal-iT, Sdr.: gvaqvs RmerTka 

Tkaci 

an Ze RmrTisa 

(da ara: 

ufalkaci an Ze uflisa); RmrTismSo 

mSobe 

beli 

li, RmrTisme 

metyu 

tyueli 

an 

RmrTismsa 

msaxu 

xuri 

(da ara: uflismSobeli, uflismetyveli an uflismsaxuri) 

da a. S. rac Seexeba ufals, 73 semantikuri velidan 

15%-mde modis `yovelive zeciuris~ semantikaze, danarCeni 

(85%-ze meti) _ `sawuTisoflos~ semantikis Semcvelia. 

3. msgavsad megrul-Wanuri da svanuri enebisa (megruli 

Roron 

ronTi 

Ti, lazuri Rormo 

moTi 

Ti, svanuri RermeT 

meT, RerbeT 

beT), qarTuli 

enis dialeqtebSi TiTqmis imave leqsikur-semantikuri arCevanis 

mowmeni varT: aq RmerTi 

dominirebs (RT 

RT-/xT 

xT- ZiriT 

warmoebulni aRmosavlur mTis dialeqtebsa da zogierT dasavlur 

dialeqtSi, mag.: xevsuruli xTis iasa 

sauli 

àngelozi~ da 

sxva mravali), ufalis 

gamoyenebis sixSire ki TiTqmis nuls 

utoldeba (TiTo-orola gamonaklisiT: xevsuruli uflis 

Tvali 

`Zalian lamazi~, qarTluri uflis 

xe `bza~). 

gare da SidakaxurSi mravalgzisobas gamoxatavs ZiriTadad 

nawilakdarTuli formebi, magram iSviaTad gvxvdeba xolmeobi- 

Tis mwkrivebi: moux 

uxrik 

rikni 

nian 

an. organul formasTan erTad gvxvdeba 

`xome~ nawilaki: Savidi xome. 

mravalgzisobis gamosaxatavad ye/ke da xolme/xome nawilakebi: 

vexve 

vevi 

vike 

ke, vaswav 

wavli 

lidiT 

diTke 

ke, vina 

naxav 

xavdi 

diye 

ye. xolme/xome nawilakTagan 

xSirad gamoiyeneba `xome~: ityoda 

xome 

me, gvazel 

zeldnen 

xome 

me. 

mravalgzisi moqmedeba gamoixateba zmnis gameorebiT: `midian, 

midian, bolos ipoves~. 

zogjer mravalgzisobas gamoxatavs aRweriTi warmoebiT, 

leqsikuri saSualebebiT. mag., `dRe da Rame~. dRe da Rame 

vwvalobdi. 

Í À Ô Ï Û À Å Ò Ä Û É À Í É 

(ÈÁÉËÉÓÉ. ÀÒÍ. ÜÉØÏÁÀÅÀÓ ÓÀá. ÄÍÀÈÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÄÁÉÓ ÉÍÓÔÉÔÖÔÉ) 

ÄÒÈÂÅÀÒÂÀÒÄÌÏÄÁÉÀÍÉ ÛÄÒßÚÌÖËÉ 

ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ 

x a T u n a y a n d a S v i l i 

(Tbilisi. andria pirvelwodebulis sax. qarTuli universiteti) 

mraval 

valgzi 

gziso 

sobis gamoxat 

xatva 

kaxur dialeqt 

leqtSi 

kaxur dialeqtSi mrvalgzisobis gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT 

araerTgvari viTarebaa. qiziyur kilokavSi SemorCenilia mravalgzisobis 

organuli warmoeba _ vxvdebiT rogorc pirvel, 

ise meore xolmeobiTis formebs: wamoidis 

dis, dahkris 

hkris, ganaxev 

xevr- 

dis, dawe 

weri 

rian 

an. aris SemTxvevebi, roca organuli warmoebis 

formas daerTvis `xolme~ nawilaki: mokvdis 

xolme 

me, gadaco 

cori 

ri- 

an xolme 

me, aiReb 

Rebdis 

xolme 

me. `xolme~ nawilaki daerTvis sxva 

mwkrivis formebsac: gaitan 

tanda 

xolme 

me, Semi 

miWam 

Wamnia 

xolme 

me, Te- 

sams xolme 

me, ityvian 

xolme 

me. 

60 

ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÝÍÏÁÉËÉÀ, ÂÀÒÄÌÏÄÁÀ áÖÈÉ ÓÀáÉÓÀ ÀÒÓÄÁÏÁÓ: 

ÀÃÂÉËÉÓÀ, ÃÒÏÉÓÀ, ÅÉÈÀÒÄÁÉÓÀ, ÌÉÆÄÆÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÌÉÆÍÉÓÀ; ÛÄÓÀÁÀÌÉÓÀÃ, 

ÄÒÈÂÅÀÒÂÀÒÄÌÏÄÁÉÀÍÉ ÛÄÒßÚÌÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÝ áÖÈÉ ÓÀáÉÓÀÀ. 

ØÀÒÈÖËÉÓ ÌÓÂÀÅÓÀÃ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉÝ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉÀ ÛÄÒßÚÌÖË 

ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÈÀ ÆÄÌÏÈ ÜÀÌÏÈÅËÉËÉ ãÂÖ×ÄÁÉ, ÈÖÌÝÀ, ÓÀÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÏ 

ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÀÛÉ ÂÀÌÏÈØÌÖËÉ ÌÏÓÀÆÒÄÁÉÓ ÈÀÍÀáÌÀÃ, ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ 

ÉÛÅÉÀÈÉÀ ÄÒÈÂÅÀÒÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÉÀÍÉ ÃÀ ÄÒÈÂÅÀÒÂÀÒÄÌÏÄÁÉÀÍÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀ- 

ÃÄÁÄÁÉ; `ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ×ÀÒÈÏÃ ÂÀÅÒÝÄËÄÁÖËÉÀ ÄÒÈÂÅÀÒÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍËÉÀÍÉ 

ÃÀ ÄÒÈÂÅÀÒØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÉÀÍÉ ÛÄÒßÚÌÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÉ. ÛÄÃÀÒÄÁÉÈ 

ÍÀÊËÄÁÀÃ _ ÄÒÈÂÅÀÒÃÀÌÀÔÄÁÉÀÍÉ, áÏËÏ ÄÒÈÂÅÀÒÂÀÍÓÀÆÙÅÒÄÁÉÀÍÉ 

ÃÀ ÄÒÈÂÅÀÒÂÀÒÄÌÏÄÁÉÀÍÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÉ ÌÄÔÀÃ ÉÛÅÉÀÈÉÀ, ÒÀÝ ÉÌÉÈ 

ÖÍÃÀ ÀÉáÓÍÀÓ, ÒÏÌ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÀÒÀÓÀËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÏ ÄÍÀÀ ÃÀ ÆÄÃÌÄÔ 

ÄÐÉÈÄÔÄÁÓ ÂÀÖÒÁÉÓ" (ÀÁÄÓÀÞÄ). 

ÌÀÓÀËÀÆÄ ÃÀÊÅÉÒÅÄÁÀÌ ÝáÀÃÚÏ, ÒÏÌ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÀÒÝÈÖ ÉÛÅÉÀÈÉÀ 

ÄÒÈÂÅÀÒÂÀÒÄÌÏÄÁÉÀÍÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÉ. Ö×ÒÏ áÛÉÒÉÀ ÄÒÈÂÅÀÒÉ 

ÀÃÂÉËÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÅÉÈÀÒÄÁÉÈÉÓ ÂÀÒÄÌÏÄÁÉÀÍÉ ÛÄÒßÚÌÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÉ, 

61

áÏËÏ ÃÒÏÉÓ, ÌÉÆÄÆÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÌÉÆÍÉÓ ÄÒÈÂÅÀÒÉ ÂÀÒÄÌÏÄÁÄÁÉ ÛÄÃÀÒÄÁÉÈ 

ÍÀÊËÄÁÀÃ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ. 

ÂÀÒÄÌÏÄÁÀ, ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÀÃ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÝÍÏÁÉËÉÀ, ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÉÈ 

ÂÀÃÌÏÉÝÄÌÀ, ÌÀÂÒÀÌ ÀÌÀÓÈÀÍÀÅÄ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÂÀÃÌÏÉÝÄÓ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÀÍÉ 

ÓÉÔÚÅÉÈÀÝ ÖÈÀÍÃÄÁÖËÏÃ ÀÍ ÈÀÍÃÄÁÖËÈÀ ÃÀÒÈÅÉÈ. 

ÓÀÊÖÈÒÉÅ ÆÌÍÉÆÄÃÄÁÉÈ ÂÀÃÌÏÝÄÌÖËÉ ÄÒÈÂÅÀÒÉ ÂÀÒÄÌÏÄÁÄÁÉ 

ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÛÄÃÀÒÄÁÉÈ ÍÀÊËÄÁÀÃÀÀ ÂÀÅÒÝÄËÄÁÖËÉ, Ö×ÒÏ áÛÉÒÉÀ 

ÈÀÍÃÄÁÖËÉÀÍÉ ÃÀ ÖÈÀÍÃÄÁÖËÏ ÓÀáÄËÄÁÉÈ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÖËÉ ÂÀÒÄÌÏÄÁÄÁÉ. 

âÄËÄÃÖÒÀÓ ÄÜÄá É ÀÌÄá ðÒÉá ÌÄÆÂÀË (ÐÒÏÆ. ÔÄØÓÔ., III, 13) 

`áÄËÄÃÖÒÀÛÉ ÉØÉÈ ÃÀ ÀØÄÈ ÀÒÉÀÍ ÏãÀáÄÁÉ" 

ÙÏËÎêØÒÄ ãÏÂÀÒ ÃÄ ÄÜØÀÃ É ÃÄ ÀÈáÄ ÃêÓ ëÓ áÀÚëÍÀ (ÐÒÏÆ. 

ÔÄØÓÔ., IV, 22) `ÝáÅÒÄÁÉÓ ×ÀÒÀ (`ãÏÂ-ÄÁ-É") ÀÒÝ ÌÀÍÀÌÃÄ ÃÀ ÀÒÝ 

ÀáËÀ ÀÒÀÅÉÓ äÚÏËÉÀ" 

ÑÉØêÍ É ÄÜáÄÍÈÄ ÄÛ áÏÃÉß ÅÉÓÊæÓ (ÜÏË.) `ÆÄÅÉÈ ÃÀ ÉØÉÈÊÄÍ 

ÞÀËÉÀÍ (`ÉÓÄ") ÀÓáÉÀ ÅÀÛËÓ" 

ÄÜáÄÍ-ÀÌáÄÍ É ÜÖØæêÍØÀ ßéÒÍÉ ÀÒÛÉÍÀÎ áÄàÀÌ (ÜÏË.) `ÀØÄÈ- 

ÉØÉÃÀÍ (`ÉØÉÈ-ÀØÄÈ") ÃÀ ØÅÄÌÏÃÀÍ ßÉÈÄËÉ ÀÒÛÉÀ äØÏÍÃÀ 

ÛÄÌÏÅËÄÁÖËÉ (`ÌÏÚÅÄÁÏÃÀ")"... 

ÆÌÍÉÓÀÒÈÄÁÉ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ ÉÚÏÓ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉ 

×ÏÒÌÉÈ, ÀÓÄÅÄ ÈÀÍÃÄÁÖËÉÓ ÃÀÒÈÅÉÈÀÝ. 

ÓÀáÄËÉÈ ÂÀÃÌÏÝÄÌÖËÉ ÖÈÀÍÃÄÁÖËÏ ÄÒÈÂÅÀÒÉ ÂÀÒÄÌÏÄÁÄÁÉ 

ÄÒÈÓÀ ÃÀ ÉÌÀÅÄ ÁÒÖÍÅÀÛÉ ÃÂÀÓ: 

ÃÏËðÓæÉ×ÉÛ É ÖÛáæÀÍÒÉÛ ÍÄÍÓÂÀ ÃðÒ ÉÆÂÀ (ÐÒÏÆ. ÔÄØÓÔ., II, 2) 

`ÃÏËÀÓÅÉ×ÓÀ ÃÀ ÖÛáÅÀÍÄÁÓ ÛÏÒÉÓ (`ÛÖÀ") ÀÒÀÅÉÍ ÝáÏÅÒÏÁÃÀ" 

ÉÛÊÄÍ ÉÆÂÀá ÂÖËÉÃÓ, ÊÀáéÒÓ, ËÀÓÊÀÃÀÒÓ, ËÄÓÄÌÀÓ É ÌÄÒÁÄ 

ÓÏ×ËðÒÓ (ÐÒÏÆ. ÔÄØÓÔ., III, 6) `ÓáÅÄÁÉ ÝáÏÅÒÏÁÃÍÄÍ ÂÖËÉÃÀÛÉ, 

ÊÀáÖÒÀÛÉ, ËÀÓÊÀÃÖÒÀÛÉ, ËÄÓÄÌÀÛÉ ÃÀ ÓáÅÀ (`ÌÄ-ÏÒ-Ä") ÓÏ×ËÄÁÛÉ" 

ËëÈÛæ É ËÀÃÄÙæÛ ÜÉÂÀÒ áÀÂëÃÉ (ÜÏË.) `ÙÀÌÉÈ ÃÀ ÃÙÉÓÉÈ 

ÚÏÅÄËÈÅÉÓ ÓÞÉÍÀÅÓ" 

62 

ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÂÀÍáÉËÖËÉ ÉØÍÄÁÀ, ÀÂÒÄÈÅÄ, ÂÀÒÄÌÏÄÁÉÀÍÉ ÛÄÒßÚÌÖËÉ 

ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÄÁÉÓ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉÀÍÉ ÛÄÄÒÈÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÄÁÉÝ. 

e T e r S e n g e l i a 


megrul 

grul-la 

lazu 

zuri miloc 

locva 

va-da 

daloc 

locvis 

formu 

mule 

lebi 

bisa da fraze 

zeolo 

logiz 

gizme 

mebis 

anali 

lizi 

zisa 

saTvis 

xalxis kulturasa da adaT-wesebTan dakavSirebuli leqsikis 

garkveuli jgufi mxolod frazeologizmebsa da idiomatur 

gamoTqmebSia daculi. amitom gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eni- 

Weba maT Seswavlas. 

ganvixilavT megrul-lazuri dalocvis formulebsa da 

frazeologiur gamoTqmebs. masala mravalferovania da sakmaod 

mravalricxovanic. 

SesaZlebelia gamoiyos milocva-dalocvis Tematuri jgufebi: 

sazo 

zoga 

gado 

do: megr. megax 

gaxva 

vamanq 

manq//me 

memxva 

mxvamu 

mu `mogilocav, momilocnia~, 

laz. gegix 

gixva 

ma L `mogilocav, momilocnia~ (milocvac 

aris da dalocvac) (dasaxelebulia is dResaswauli Tu movlena, 

romelsac vulocavT). 

megr. RoronT 

ronTq q dorxva 

xvamas 

mas `RmerTma daglocos~, laz. 

Rormo 

moTiq gegxva 

xvamas 

mas; 

megr. juari giwers 

`jvari geweros//gweria~ (jvris saxeliT 

dalocvis magaliTi lazurSi ver davadastureT); 

mwuxa 

xare 

rebis 

bis: megr. anwi 

wian 

anwi 

wime jgiro 

robua rSibu 

buda 

dani 

àmis mere 

(momavalSi)~ sikeTe geSovoT (gqonodeT), laz. kaino 

noba me- 

qCaT Rormo 

moTiq 

`RmerTma sikeTe mogceT~; 

gansac 

sacde 

delis 

lis: megr. Rorons ginu 

nuji 

jinu 

nudas 

dasˆ `RmerTs gadmoexedos~ 

(RmerTma gadmogxedos), laz. Rormo 

moTiq gilgow 

gowke 

kedas 

zedmiw 

miw. `RmerTi gxedavdes~ e. i. `RmerTma gadmogxedos,Segiwyalos~; 

gamar 

marjve 

jvebis 

(war 

warma 

mate 

tebe 

bebis bis mosur 

surve 

vebis 

bis): megr. gomor 

morZgvi 

Zgvi- 

63

lo ofe 

ofeda 

`gamarjvebuli yofiliyavi, gagemarjvos~; 

axalSo 

Sobi 

bilis 

lis, (sa 

sazo 

zoga 

gadod bavSvis 

Svis) daloc 

locva 

va: megr. Ro- 

ronTq q mordas 

rdas//mo 

morde 

rdele 

ledas 

`RmerTma gazardos, gazrdiliyos~, 

laz. Rormo 

moTiq girdas 

`RmerTma gagizardos~; 

sixa 

xaru 

rulis mini 

niWe 

Webis 

bis: megr. ìro gaxa 

xare 

rebu 

buli 

ofe 

ofeda 

da~ `yovelTvis 

gaxarebuli yofiliyavi~, laz. `xe 

xele 

lebe 

beri ta; 

naTe 

Teli momav 

mavlis 

lis: megr. jgiri dRa goZi 

Zir RoronT 

ronTq 

`RmerTma kargi dRe daganaxos (mogces)~, laz. kaiTe sqidi 

`kargad, keTilad gecxovros~. 

gamrav 

mravle 

lebis 

bis: megr. RoronT 

ronTq q gga 

g 

gamrav 

mravlas 

las `RmerTma gagamravlos~, 

laz. Rormo 

moTiq gombri 

brialas 

las; 

bara 

raqis 

qis: megr. SioSi maran 

ranca 

calo gifu 

fudas 

das `Sios maraniviT 

afuvdi, aRorZindi (baraqa mogces RmerTma); 

mosav 

savli 

liano 

nobis 

bis: megr. breli moiwi 

wiudas 

das `bevri mogewios~; 

mgzavro 

robis 

bis: megr. Sara do kari xvame 

meli rofur 

ofudas 

das `Seni 

Sara-gza dalocvili yofiliyos~; laz. kaoba 

baTe moxTiT 

`kargobiT 

(mSvidobiT) modiT~; 

janmrTe 

mrTelo 

lobis 

bis: megr. tansin 

sinTe 

Tele migko 

gkoWa 

Wabu RoronT 

ronTq 

`janmrTeloba mogawebos (mogces) RmerTma~, laz. Rormo 

moTiq kaino 

noba megCas 

`RmerTma janmrTeloba//sikeTe mogces~; 

micva 

cvale 

lebu 

bulis 

cxone 

nebis 

bis: megr. RoronT 

ronTq 

q 

oCxonu 

nuas 

`RmerTma acxonos~, laz. Rormo 

moTiq raxme 

meTi oRodas 

das; 

sari 

ritu 

tualo 

lo: venaxis nayofis, axalnamonagebi Zroxisa da rZis 

nawarmis, axali tanisamosis Sekervis, saqorwilo dalocvebi; 

aRsaniSnavia, rom megrulSi dalocvis formulebsa da 

frazeologiur gamoTqmebSi umeteswilad monawileobs an igulisxmeba 

leqsikuri komponentebi megrulSi Roron 

ronTi 

`RmerTi~ 

da juari 

`jvari~, lazurSi ki _ mxolod Rormo 

moTi 

`RmerTi~. 

warmodgenilia leqsikur erTeulTa struqturul-semantikuri 

da sintaqsuri analizi Sesabamisi eqstralingvisturi 

(kerZod, istoriul-eTnografiuli da folkloruli) masalis 

gaTvaliswinebiT. 

v a j a S e n g e l i a 


viTa 

Tare 

rebi 

biTi zmnisar 

sarTis para 

rale 

lelu 

luri 

forme 

mebi megrul 

grulSi 

pirveladi zmnisarTebis xvedriTi wili megrul-lazurSi 

iseve, rogorc sxva qarTvelur enebSi, didi ar aris; zmnisar- 

Tebi ZiriTadad saxelisagan aris nawarmoebi sxvadasxva afiqsebis 

darTviT. rac Seexeba derivaciul viTarebis zmnisarTebs, 

maT sawarmoeblad sxvadasxva brunvis niSani gamoiKeneba, ufro 

xSirad _ gardaqceviTi (viTarebiTi) brunvisa. Taviseburia -as 

sufiqsiani formebi, romlebic gvxvdeba gardaqceviTi brunvis - 

o sufiqsiani formebis paralelurad (zedsarTavi saxelisagan 

viTarebis zmnisarTis sawarmoeblad): 

mangaro º mangaras 

as `magrad~ 

Zviro º Zviras 

`Zvirad~ 

Jgiro º Jgiras 

`kargad~ 

wKinaro º wKnaro º wKinaras 

as º wKnaras 

as `wKnarad~ 

dabalo º dabalas 

as zedmiw. `dablad~ 

maGalo º maGalas 

as zedmiw. `maGlad~ 

efo º efas 

ìafad~ da sxv. 

-as 

sufiqsiani zmnisarTebi -o sufiqsianebis paralelurad 

gvaqvs gaKofiT 3 (ganKofiT Tu ganKofad) ricxviT saxelebSic: 

jijiro º jijiras 

òr-orad~ 

susumo º susumas 

`sam-samad~ 

oTxoTxo º oTxoTxas 

òTx-oTxad~ 

xuTuTo º xuTuTas 

`xuT-xuTas~ 

viTiTo º viTiTas 

àT-aTad~ da a. S. 

-as 

sufiqsi arc qarTulisaTvis aris ucxo (mag., iolad 

º 

iolas 

as). 

i. KifSiZes miaCnia, rom -as 

sufiqsi megrulSi qarT-is eni- 

64 

3 termini gaKofiTi ricxviTi saxeli, rogorc rusuli terminis 

разделительное имя числительное SesatKvisi, a. arabulma SemogvTavaza. 

tipologiurad qarTveluri enebis msgavsi aseTi ricxviTi saxelebi 

gamoKofilia Cerqezul enebSi). 

65

dan Sesuli micemiTis niSania, TviTon qarTulSi ki -as 

iSvia- 

Tiao (rogorc Cans, igulisxmeba Ziras 

da piras 

sitKvebSi 

warmodgenili -as 

daboloeba). 

vfiqrobT, -as 

sufiqsi megrulSi, Tanamedrove viTarebis 

TvalsazrisiT (sinqroniul doneze), unda ganvixiloT rogorc 

oden derivaciuli sufiqsi, raki is mxolod zmnisarTebis sawarmoeblad 

gamoiKeneba 

i z a C a n t l a Z e 


ganusa 

sazRvre 

zRvrelo 

lobiT da uaryo 

yofiT nacval 

cvalsa 

saxel 

xelTa 

funqci 

qciur 

ur-for 

formob 

mobri 

rivi mimar 

marTe 

Tebi 

bisa 

saTvis 

qarTu 

Tuli enis dasav 

savlur dialeq 

leqteb 

tebSi 

specialuri literaturidan karga xania cnobilia, rom ki- 

TxviTi nacvalsaxelebi warmoadgenen safuZvels mimarTebiT, 

ganusazRvrelobiT da uaryofiT nacvalsaxelTa warmoebisaTvis 

qarTvelur enebSi. imis mixedviT, TavSi daerTvis kiTxviT nacvalsaxels 

esa Tu is nawilaki, Tu boloSi, vRebulobT uaryofiT, 

mimarTebiT an ganusazRvrelobiT nacvalsaxels. vfiqrobT, 

amgvari formawarmoebis wesi unda ganapirobebdes am 

ukanasknelTa funqciur aRrevas qarTuli enis aWarulsa da 

gurul dialeqtebSi. damaxasiaTebelia, rom amgvar viTarebas, 

Cveulebriv, adgili aqvs dialogis dros, swored kiTxviTi winadadebis 

pasuxad, Tumca arc sxva SemTxvevebia gamoricxuli: 

_ nino, aris vinme 

iq? 

_ ara, vinme 

ar aris iq (Sdr. saliteraturo qarTulis 

àra, aravin 

aris iq~); 

vinme 

ar wasula baTumSi (Sdr. aravin 

wasula baTumSi); 

Cems meti vinme 

ver gaakeTebda amas (Sdr. Cems meti aravin 

gaakeTebda amas); 

vinme 

ver damaZalebs swavlas (Sdr. vera 

ravin 

damaZalebs 

swavlas); 

rame 

ar gadamixdia bazarSi (Sdr. arafe 

feri 

gadamixdia 

bazarSi). 

66 

vfiqrobT, Cven mier gaaanalizebuli monacemebis safuZveli 

martooden martivi aRreva ar unda iyos. Tu gavixsenebT mTis 

iberiul-kavkasiur enebs, aRmoCndeba, rom iq (garda bacburisa) 

saerTod ar gvaqvs aranairi uaryofiTi nacvalsaxeli da roca 

saWiroa Sesabamisi semantikis gadmocema, isini iyeneben metafrasul 

warmoebas, romelSic warmmarTvelia zmnis uaryofiT 

formasTan dakavSirebuli ganusazRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxeli 

(d. imnaiSvili, ar. martirosovi). ase rom, aWarulsa da gurulSi 

mosalodnelia arqaul viTarebasTan gvqondes saqme 

(igive sakiTxi Seswavlil unda iqnas qarTvelur enaTa sxva dialeqtebis 

mimarTac). 

m e r a b C u x u a 


vnebi 

biTo 

Tobis s.-qarTvs 

qarTv. -av niSa 

Sani da 

misi Sesa 

satyvi 

tyvisi zanur 

nurSi 

moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia vnebiTi gvaris daboloebaTa genezisis 

cda qarTvelur ena-kiloebSi. gansakuTrebiT sayuradRebo 

Cans zanurSi gamovlenili -u sufiqsis warmomavlobis 

dadgena qarTulis sa-Tanado maCveneblebTan mimarTebiT. Cveni 

TvalsazrisiT, megrul-lazurSi sxvadasxva warmomavlobis -u 

dasturdeba. esenia: 

1. statikurobis -u formanti, qarTuli -a sufiqsis kanonzomieri 

fone-tikur-struqturul-funqciuri Sesatyvisi: qarT. 

C-a-s/n : megr.-laz. Cq-u-n; qarT. dg-a-s/n : megr.-laz. dg-u-n... 

2. qarT. -ia (Zv. qarT. -ies) daboloebis funqciuri Sesatyvisi: 

qarT. mi-wer-ies/ia : zan. miWar-u-n tipisa, romlis zusti 

fonet.-struqturul-funqciuri Sesatyvisi dRes mxolod 

mTis dialeqtebSia SemorCenili, Sdr. xevs. x-b-av : zan. gi-o-b-u 

àbia, hkidia~. am SemTxvevaSi saanalizo -av sufiqss araferi 

aqvs saerTo kl-av-s tipis zmnebis -av Temis niSanTan, es ukanaskneli 

sxva warmoSobisaa: -av *-am. Sdr. agreTve kl-av-s, magram 

a-xl-av-s. e.i. sakuTriv qarTulSi moxda cvlileba, moiSala, m/v 

67

korelacia fonetikuri procesis gamo, arada istoriulad -av/-am 

morfo-logiuri opozicia realurad funqcionirebda qarTul- 

Si, rac m-s v-Si gadasvlis gamo mogvianebiT iqna neitralizebuli. 

es procesi Tbilisur (da sxva) metyvelebaSi bolomdea 

gatarebuli. da swored amis gamo Se-mogvrCa, albaT, ase cota 

-am TemisniSniani zmnebi qarTul salitera-turo enaSi; 

3. uZveles qarTulSi Tb-eb-a tipis vnebiTebis amosavali 

saxe *tb-av-n/s agebulebisa unda yofiliyo, Sdr. megr.-laz. 

tub-u-n/tib-u-n `Tbeba~. 

m e r i c i n c a Z e 


para 

rale 

lelu 

luri forme 

mebi SavSe 

SeTis 

qarTul 

metyve 

tyvele 

leba 

baSi 

(fo 

fone 

neti 

tika 

ka) 

SavSeTis mkvidrTa qarTuli metyveleba xasiaTdeba paralelur 

enobriv formaTa simravliT. 

farTod aris gavrcelebuli zmniswinis, zmnis fuZiseuli 

xmovnebisa da xmovani prefiqsis Sexvedris Sedegad momxdari 

fonetikuri procesebi _ xmovanTa kompleqsebis monacvleoba, 

umetesad asimilaciis safuZvelze. 

• xSiria erTi da imave fuZis zmnebis nawilobrivi da 

sruli asimilaciis formebi, zogjer erTi da imave piris metyvelebaSi 

(vimowmebT mxolod sityvebs): degviSres//digviSres, 

gemixdeba//gimixdeba, gegiars//gigiarda, deminaxeT//diminaxeT, goukeTa//guukeTebia, 

mourevT//muurevT, SuurevT. 

• erTmaneTis gverdiTaa maasimilirebeli xmovandakarguli 

da xmovniani formebi: gevipare//gevpare, deviwavle//devwavle, 

deviRale//devRale. 

• dasturdeba mo- zmniswiniani pirveli da meore obieqturi 

pirebis sasxviso qcevis nawilobrivi da sruli asimilaciis 

formaTa monacvleoba, mo- emsgavseba mi- zmniswins: memiaroso(momiaroso)//mimiara, 

momitana//memitana//mimitana, mogita- 

68 

ne//migitane, mogikvdeba//megikvdeba, mogviyvana//mivgiyvana (wyali). 

• paraleluri formebi dasturdeba TanxmovanTa asimilaciis 

SemTTxvevebSic: gobSi//gofSi, momktara//momkdara, ocdaa- 

Ti//ozdaaTi, mogcemda//moqcemden. 

• Zalian bevri paraleluri forma axlavs bgeris dakargvas, 

CarTvas, substitucias, metaTeziss, nawilobriv _ Serwymas: 

bgeris dakargva: Zali//rZali, awavle//aswavle, swored//woreTac, 

weliwadi//welwadi, aris//ari, ade//adeq//adeqi, mive//mivec//miveci, 

dodofal davniSnavT//dodofals qi (rom) me?yvan; 

Tavi tkivili geqneba//Tavis tkivili mec mWirs. 

bgeris CarTva: cxovrobda//mcxovroben, yvelaferi//yvelamferi. 

substitucia: ratom//raton, simavrma//simamrma, damaviwyda// 

damabiwyda, maxsovs//maxsons, endomeba//endoneba. 

metaTezisi: gasxnis//gaxsnes, imRereben//iRmereben, rva//vra, 

ocdarva//ocdavra, vWamT//WvamT,WvamoT, vsamobT(vcekvavT)//svamobT, 

vxedavT//xvedavT, vTesavT//TvesavT, vurevT// me limon uvrev. 

bgeraTa Serwyma: yvavili//yovili, komli//kvamli. etyveba//etyoba, 

Cven//Con, qvemoT//qomo, daCveuli>daCvevli//daCovli. 

paraleluri formebi ufro meti Cans morfologiaSi. bevria 

agreTve erTi da imave mniSvnelobis Turquli da Sesatyvisi 

qarTuli leqsikuri erTeuli. 

n i n e l i W o x o n e l i Z e 


kakab 

kab-si 

sityvis omoni 

nimu 

muri cale 

lebis 

warmomav 

mavlo 

lobi 

bisa 

saTvis qarTu 

Tuli enis 

dialeq 

leqteb 

tebSi 

kaka 

kabi 

1 [Perdix] variis tola gareuli frinveli. `ƒma-yo k a - 

k a b m a n ~ (ieremias wina-swarmetyveleba). kakana k a k a b i maxeSi 

Cavardebao (andaza). zogi mkvlevari am sityvas aRmosavlur 

enebidan nasesxebad miiCnevs. Käbk `tyis qaTami~ (iu. abulaZe, al. 

baramiZe, p. ingoroyva); zogi xmabaZviTad Tvlis (g. meliqiSvili). 

69

kakab 

kab-i\\a 2 (qarTl., kax.) xis sadgami, romelzedacaa damagrebuli 

qarTuli guTnis frTa (`dial.~). gamoTqmulia 

mosazreba, rom kakab-i\\a 2 s.-qarTv. *kak 

kak-ab 

ab- `dire, mori~ → 

qarT. kakabi \\ kakaba: svan. kikber (m. Cuxua). Cveni azriT ki es 

sityva kompozitia. kaka 

kabi 

← gadat. kaki 

ki(a)be 

bera 

ra. kaki 

kibe 

bera 

(lCx.) samzareulo saxlSi Suacecxlis pirdapir zeviT gakeTebuli 

dire, romelzedac saqvabe hkidia. kompozitis pirveli 

nawili igive unda iyos, rac saerTo qarTveluri Ziri kak- 

(kak-v-i, mo-kak-v-a da sxv.) (h. fenrixi, z. sarjvelaZe); meore nawili 

ber-ki unda gamoiyofodes sityvaSi bera 

ra: 1. (qsn. qarTl.) 

Tivis dasamagrebeli xe marxilze; 2. (leCx.) wberis (WaWis sawnexi 

manqanis nawili). ber-s Sesatyvisi eZebneba svanurSi. ber 

_ frTebiani ficari. RnwuSi ber (bz.) kavis frTebiani ficari. 

zuha CuqamSxen bers xosg…red (bq. 229) _ kavis moxril 

mxars qvemodan _ frTebian ficars vukeTebT (vusvamT) (v. Tofuria, 

m. qaldani). i\\a-s monacvleoba da r-s Semcveli marcvlis 

dakargva qarTulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli procesebia. 

kaka 

kabi 

3 (raW.) saceri. vfiqrobT, am mniSvnelobis kakabi kav- 

SirSi unda iyos laTinuris `qvabis~ aRmniSvnel caccabus-Tan. 

n i n o x a x i a S v i l i 


sityva mzesTan dakav 

kavSi 

Sire 

rebu 

buli 

xato 

tova 

vani sityva 

tyva-Tqma 

Tqmani 

enas mWidro kavSiri aqvs azrovnebasa da kulturasTan, es 

kavSiri ganapirobebs enaTmecnierebis kavSirs filosofia-fsiqologiasTan, 

erTi mxriv, da istoria _ eTnografiasTan, meore 

mxriv. arn. Ciqobava aRniSnavda, rom enis Seswavla kulturasa 

da azrovnebasTan kavSirSi, èsaa yvelaze arsebiTis Seswavla 

enaSi, da, maSasadame, yvelaze mniSvnelovani: ufro mniSvnelovani 

Teoriuli amocana enaTmecnierebas arc hqonia da 

arc aqvs~. 

70 

mze Tavisi ZiriTadi Tvisebebis (naTeba-sxivosnobis, `moZraobis~, 

sicocxlis moniWebis, silamazis, garegani gamosaxulebis 

(formis) mixedviT aisaxa universaliebis saxiT sxvadasxva xalx- 

Ta enaSi, miTossa (mzis cxovelebi: cxeni, iremi, lomi...) da 

simbolur ornamentebSi (mbrunavi jvari, borjRali...). 

qarTuli enis monacemebi saintereso suraTs gvaZlevs am 

TvalsazrisiT. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa dialeqturi masala: 

mzeze siaru 

ruli 

li, samze 

mzeos yofna 

na, mzis yure 

reba 

`sicocxle, 

arseboba~, mzis gaqro 

qroba 

ba, mzis dabne 

bnele 

leba 

ba, mzis dadgo 

dgoma 

ma, mzis 

Casve 

svene 

neba 

`sikvdili, gardacvaleba~, mziT gauma 

maZRa 

ZRari 

`visac 

moxucebulobamde ar ucxovria~, mzegre 

reZe 

Zelo 

loba 

`dRegrZeloba... 

mzebZa 

Zane 

neba 

bani 

(TuS., fS.) `saRamo, mzis Casvlis xani, mwuxri~ (g. 

cocan.), mzega 

gade 

dena 

(xevs.) `saRamo xani, roca Crdilebi mdinaris 

meore mxares gadava~ (al. Win.W.), ziwver 

verna 

(z. aWar.) `mzis 

amosvla~ (S. niJar.), mzeama 

made 

dena 

na, mzeamae 

mae (xevs.) `mzis amosvlis 

dro~ (al. WinW.)... 

mze _ amindis amsaxvel leqsikaSi: mzeav 

avda 

dara 

(raW.), mzeka 

ka- 

ra (qarTl.), mze pirs ibans... 

mze _ silamazis wyaro, simbolo: mzisa 

sada 

dari 

ri, mzeWa 

Wabu 

buki 

ki, 

mzeTu 

Tuna 

naxa 

xavi 

vi... mzeka 

kaba 

bani 

(fS., kax.) `yanas rom qari uqris, 

aRelvebs da sxvadasxva fers iRebs, imas hqvia mzekabani~ (a. 

Wyon.), niavis SeqrolebiT mravalfrad abibinebuli yana (n. zukak., 

e. xuciSv.). 

mze _ grZnobis, sixarulisa da mwuxarebis amsaxvel gamonaTqvamebSi: 

pirs mze deefi 

fine 

nebis 

bis, mze cxrakniT amauƒdebis 

(xevs.) `Zalian gauxardeba~, mzis ukuRm Caƒdoma 

(xevs.) `didi 

mwuxareba, ubedureba~... mze _ ficilsa da wyevlis formuleb- 

Si: daRa 

Ralu 

lulis lis mzis madlma 

(xevs.) qalebis ficia: `mTeli 

dRe caze siaruliT daRlil (`dedasTan rom brundeba~), mzis 

madls geficebi (Sdr. m. janaSv.: mzisma 

ma) (al. WinW.)... da 

mravali sxv. 

qarTul enasa da mis dialeqtebSi mzesTan dakavSirebuli 

daunjebuli masala sagulisxmoa rogorc originaluri warmodgena-Sexedulebebis, 

ise sxva enebTan tipologiuri msgavsebis 

TvalsazrisiT. 

71

c i r a j a n j R a v a 


megru 

gruli koCi 

`ka 

kaci 

ci~ nawar 

warmo 

moeb 

leqsi 

sikur erTe 

Teuleb 

lebSi 

1. megruli koC-s, romelsac Sesatyvisebi eZebneba qarTulsa 

da svanurSi, qarTuli kac-is yvela mniSvneloba moepoveba: 

àdamiani; mamakaci; msaxuri, yma; Sikriki; vinme...~ amave dros, 

aRsaniSnavia, is Tavisebureba rasac is brunebisas amJRavnebs, 

kerZod, micemiTSi brunvis niSnis win fuZiseuli c-s dakargva 

(mic. ko-s `kacs~); mravlobiTic Taviseburad gadmoicema _ mosalodneli 

koCef 

Cef-is paralelurad da ufro xSiradac sxva 

fuZe kaTa 

gamoiyeneba, e. i. supletivizmTan gvaqvs saqme. sakmaod 

mravalferovania koC fuZis sityvawarmoebiTi SesaZleblobani, 

saxeldobr, misi gamoyeneba derivatebsa da kompozitebSi. 

2. koC-isagan axali sityvebi iwarmoeba rogorc sufiqsebiT, 

ise prefiqsisa da prefiqs-sufiqsis gamoyenebiT. 

-ana 

|| -oba 

oba: koCana 

|| koCoba 

`kacoba~ 

-ur 

|| -ier 

ier: koCuri || koCanieri `kacuri~, koCoburi `kacis 

msgavsi, kaciseburi~ 

-am 

am: koCami `kaciani~ 

-o: koCamo `kacianad~, koCuro `kacurad~ 

-oba 

oba: koCiSoba 

`kacobrioba, mTeli qveyana~, zedmiw. `kacisoba~, 

koCiSoba 

bas `dasabamidan, kacis gaCenis dRidan~ 

u-: ukoCoba ùkacoba~ 

na _ u: nakoCanu `navaJkacari, kacis namoqmedari~ 

sa _ o || sa _ e: sakoCo || sakoCe `sakaco~ 

3. koC-is monawileobiT iqmneba mravali kompoziti, amasTan, 

metwil SemTxvevaSi koC- fuZe kompozitis meore komponentia. 

qomolko 

koCi 

`vaJkaci~ (amave mniSvnelobiT paralelurad 

ixmareba qomo 

moli 

li) 

osurko 

koCi `qali, qalbatoni~ (amave mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba 

osuri 

|| osurpa 

pato 

toni 

|| adami 

miani 

ni) 

baRanako 

koCi àxalgazrda kaci~, zedmiw. `bavSv-kaci~ 

jimako 

koCi `Zmakaci~ 

dudko 

koCi `Tavkaci, ufrosi~ 

72 

didko 

koCi `didi kaci, maRali Tanamdebobis piri~ 

gurko 

koCi `guliani, gulTbili kaci~ 

iriko 

koCi || irko 

koCi `yvela~, zedmiw. `yvela kaci~ 

oCo-ko 

koCi `tyis kaci~, zedmiw. `vacad-kaci~ (zRapruli, mavne 

arseba, romelic tyeSi binadrobs). 

koCiyintu `kaciWamia~, zedmiw. `kacis mylapavi~ 

koCiSSuri || koCiSuri àravin~, zedmiw. `kacis suli~ 

koCisqua `kaciSvili; adamiani~ 

koCmiTini àravin~, zedmiw. `kaci aravin~ 

koCurko 

koCana `kacurkacoba~ 

gakompozitebulia mimarTvis forma (yofili Sesityveba): 

siko 

koCi || sako 

koCi! (Sekvecilad _ siko 

ko!) `Se kaco!~ 

4. koC fuZisagan iwarmoeba zmnebi: ako 

koCens àkacebs~ koCanens 

|| koCens `kacobs~, iko 

koCebu `kacdeba~... 

5. koCi 

megrulSi sakuTar saxeladac gamoiyeneba, gansakuTrebiT 

_ sxvadasxva sufiqsiT gaformebuli: koCa 

Ca, koCoia, koCoba, 

koCina... 

n i n o j o r b e n a Z e 


dialeq 

leqtiz 

tizme 

mebi sasa 

saub 

ubro metyve 

tyvele 

leba 

baSi 

(in 

inter 

ternet 

net-ma 

masa 

salis safuZ 

fuZvel 

velze 

ze) 

samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom `qalaquri metyvelebisaTvis 

damaxasiaTeblad unda miviCnioT a) sxvadasxva 

dialeqtur metyvelebaTa Tavmoyra; 2) ucxoenovani metyvelebis 

arseboba.~ (b. jorbenaZe). iqve dazustebulia: `qalaqSi iqmneba 

enobrivi konglomerati sxvadasxva dialeqturi metyvelebisa, 

uxvad Sezavebuli ucxoenovani elementebiT. es enobrivi konglomerati 

TandaTanobiT iwmindeba, mkveTri sxvaobani nivelirdeba, 

msgavseba win wamoiweva, warmoiqmneba axali erTianoba, 

Taviseburi nairsaxeoba ZiriTadi enobrivi sistemisa... ase 

warmoqmnili qalaquri metyveleba kilour nairsaxeobas iZleva 

73

ukve socialuri fenebis mixedviT~. 

magram, cnobilia, rom ena cocxali organizmia, is mudmiv 

cvlilebas ganicdis da amisken yvelaze didi tendencia swored 

dialeqtebs, da, maT Soris ki, swored rom qalaqur, sasaubro 

metyvelebas aqvs. garda obieqturi mizezebisa, amaze subieqturi 

faqtoric axdens gavlenas _ es yvelasagan gamoyofisa 

da individualurobisaken swrafvis tendenciaa. Sedegad 

Tavs iCens sapirispiro movlena _ `dawmendil~ da `sxvaobanivelirebul~ 

monacemSi SemoiWreba axali dialeqturi erTeuli 

Tu ucxo leqsika... 

Tavad qalaquri, am SemTxvevaSi, Tbilisuri sasaubro metyvelebis 

kargad dokumentirebul suraTs internetSi ganTavsebuli 

vebgverdebi gvaZlevs; gansakuTrebiT, iseTebi, sadac ama 

Tu im komentaris dadebaa SesaZlebeli. am mxriv Cveni interesis 

sfero erTi konkretuli saiti _ `feisbuqi~ gaxda, sadac 

am mxriv unikaluri masalis mopovebaa SesaZlebeli _ am vebgverdis 

ZiriTadi funqcia sxvadasxva momxmareblis mier sxvadasxva 

informaciis, videomasalisa Tu audioCanaweris gavrcelebaa; 

Semdeg ki maTze komentarebis dadebac xerxdeba. radgan 

aRniSnuli procesi spontanuria da gansaTavsebeli masalis ar- 

Cevanic _ sruliad SeuzRudavi, vebgverdze dafiqsirebuli 

enobrivi masalac sasaubro metyvelebis karg nimuSebs gviCvenebs; 

da zepiri metyvelebisgan gansxvavebiT mas erTi upiratesobac 

aqvs: vinaidan es yvelaferi aq Canaweris saxiTaa mocemuli, 

suraTi ufro naTeli da sainteresoa _ is, rac zepir metyvelebaSi 

SeiZleba garkveviT ar ismodes, aq dokumenturad, 

TiToeuli asos zusti gadmocemiT aris warmodgenili; sainteresoa 

TiToeuli erTeulisaTvis Sesabamisi aso-bgerobrivi ekvivalentebis 

SerCevis kriteriumebic... 

aRniSnuli metyvelebis mTavar maxasiaTeblad unda miviCnioT 

dialeqturi leqsikisa da, zog SemTxvevaSi, aseve, morfologiur-sintaqsuri 

SemTxvevebis siWarbe. SeiniSneba ucxo ena- 

Ta leqsikidan Semosuli erTeulebis simravlec, Tumca es ukanaskneli 

amjerad Cveni ganxilvis sagans ar Seadgens... 

dialeqturi leqsikis analizisas gasamijnia ori SemTxveva: 

1. roca aRniSnuli leqsikis siWarbe Temis saWiroebas moaqvs 

(mag., kaxur dialeqtze gadasvla rTvelze saubrisas); 

74 

2. rodesac dialeqturi leqsika Temisgan damoukideblad 

Semodis saubarSi da is xSirad ama Tu im individis 

metyvelebis zogad maxasiaTebladac ki SeiZleba miviCnioT. 

SevniSnavT, rom metyvelebis aRniSnuli Taviseburebebi, ZiriTadad, 

20-dan 45 wlamde asakis, socialurad sxvadasxva jgufis 

(mecnierebi, mwerlebi, poetebi, Jurnalistebi, sxvadasxva 

saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi momuSave pirebi...) momxmarebleb- 

Sia dafiqsirebuli; Tumca, mkveTri asakobriv-socialuri sazRvrebis 

dadgena aq ar xerxdeba... dialeqturi leqsikis moxmoba 

stiluri mizezebiTaa gamowveuli, riTac momxmarebeli, 

amavdroulad, sakuTar individualurobasa da ganaTlebas (ker- 

Zod, am SemTxvevaSi dialeqturi _ aseve ucxoenovani leqsikis 

gamoyenebisas _ ucxo enebis _ masalis codna) usvams xazs. 

magaliTisaTvis warmovadgenT ramdenime tipobriv leqsikur 

erTeuls, romlebic yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba aRniSnul vebgverdze 

da Sesabamisad, zepir sasaubro metyvelebaSic: 

fone 

neti 

tiku 

kurad cvlili sityve 

tyvebi 

bi: 

gogu 

guebi 

(gogonebi), balRe 

Rebi 

(bavSvebi), buzu 

zuka 

(musika), Safa 

fa- 

Ti (SabaTi), kape 

peiki 

(kapiki), samse 

(savse), sacxa 

(sadRac), exa 

(axla), isTe 

(ise), rafer 

(rogor), reiza 

(ratom)... 

sakuT 

kuTriv dialeq 

leqtu 

turi leqsi 

sika 

ka: 

daZo 

ZoZi 

Zialo 

loben 

ben, gahkok 

hkokram 

ramda 

da, modRle 

dRlezi 

zili 

li, iWifxe 

fxeba 

ba, makva 

varan 

ran- 

cxobs... 

zmnebi cvlili zmniswi 

wini 

nise 

seuli xmovne 

nebiT 

biT: 

gouS 

uSvan 

van, godo 

douxa 

xados 

dos, Suuy 

uyvar 

vardi 

di, mami 

miTxo 

Txovia 

via, meica 

ca, maica 

ca, 

geita 

taneT 

neT... 

da mravali sxva... 

bolos davZenT, rom stilizaciisa da sakuTari individualurobis 

gamokveTis mizniT sasaubro metyvelebaSi qarTuli 

dialeqtebis monacemebis keTilgonivrul da motivirebul moxmobas, 

albaT, mxolod da mxolod unda mivesalmoT. 

75

XXX respublikuri dialeqtologiuri respublikuri dialeqtologiuri ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?