SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti

SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis 

instituti 

leqsmcodneoba 

giorgi leoniZisadmi miZRvnili 

leqsmcodneobis meoTxe 

samecniero sesia 

(masalebi) 

3 

Tbilisi 

2010 

1

UDC(uak) 821.353.1.09-1 

redaqtori 

Tamar barbaqaZe 

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa 

TinaTin duglaZe 

redaqciis misamarTi: 0108, Tbilisi, 2010 

merab kostavas q. 5 

© SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti 

tel. 99-53-00; E-mail: litinst@litinstituti.ge 

ISSN 1987-6823 

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leoniZiseuli saganZuri 

zaza abzianiZe 

gasuli saukunis samociani wlebis damdegs, rodesac 

`natvris xis~ novelebis gamoqveyneba daiwyo, qarTvelma 

mkiTxvelma Tavidan aRmoaCina XX saukunis dasawyisis garekaxeTi, 

patara, mamiT daoblebuli biWo-gogias TvaliT 

danaxuli. 

`natvris xem~ gansakuTrebiT mkafiod warmoaCina, ramdeni 

ram iyo gamoZerwili giorgi leoniZeSi swored im wlebiT, 

misi patarZeuliT, axalsofeliT, sadac igi mamidam waiyvana 

saswavleblad, im adamianebiT, im urTierTobebiT _ im sisa- 

TuTiTac da im susxiTac, romelsac agrZnobinebs xolme 

cxovreba mamiT daoblebul patara biWs. 

rodesac giorgi leoniZis bavSvobis wlebze gvinda SeviqmnaT 

warmodgena, albaT, umjobesia, missave mogonebebs mivubrundeT. 

ai, erTi amonaweri misi avtobiografiidan: 

`davibade gare-kaxeTSi (dazustebuli monacemebiT, 

giorgi leoniZe 1897 wlis 27 dekembers daibada _ z.a.), Cemi 

samSoblo sofeli patarZeuli, marTlac, ivris xeobis Tvalia: 

maRali mdebareoba, saRi hava, mSvenieri wyaroebi, gan- 

Tqmulia misi gemrieli puri. 

...ori sityva Cemi gvarisaTvis: Cven, leoniZeebi, mosulebi 

varT patarZeulSi da ara mkvidrni. Cven, rogorc yvela 

leoniZe, varT SavSeTidan, ganTqmul tbeTis taZarTan axlos, 

5-6 kilometris manZilze. 

mamaCemi nikoloz simonis Ze leoniZe (1864-1901) me ar 

maxsovs, radgan wlinaxevris davoblebulvar. me dedaCemis, 

sofio nikolozis asul gulisaSvilis (1864-1936), kalTaSi 

aRvizarde. 

...mamaCemi didi poeturi bunebis mqone adamiani yofila 

da mwerlobis didi motrfiale. igi swavlobda goris saostato 

seminariaSi vaJasTan, baCanasTan erTad. sofrom 

mgalobliSvili da Sio mRvimeli Tavis mogonebebSi axseneben 

mas, rogorc vaJas did megobars _ erTad kiTxulobdnen, 

erTad Tevzaobdnen, erTad krivobdneno. 

....mamaCemi àkakis wris~ wevri wevri yofila gorSi. 1886- 

1887 wlebSi daasrula goris samaswavleblo seminaria da 

xalxosanTa asparezze daiwyo moRvaweoba. is jer mTiuleTSi 

maswavleblobda (sofeli Ruda) mere _ qvemo WalaSi (qar- 

3

Tli), Semdeg _ Tavis patarZeulSi. gazeTi ìveria~ mas aRniSnavs, 

rogorc saukeTeso mamuliSvil maswavlebels, romelic 

xSirad Tavis xarjze aWmevda mowafeobas, monawileobda 

warmodgenebSi soflad _ igive ìveria~ mas `Cinebul~ amsrulebels 

eZaxis. magram mTavari misi siyvaruli iyo qarTuli 

mwerloba. niko leoniZem TviTonac scada kalami beletristikaSi; 

rogorc Jurnal `Teatris~ fosta gadmogvcems, masze 

imedebs amyarebdnen... niko leoniZe jer isev axalgazrda, 39 

wlisa, gardaicvala patarZeulSi, sadac marxia. 

...ojaxis gaZRola dedam iTava da Savkabosanma imdeni 

moimecadina, rom xuTive Svili aRgvzarda (dedaCemze maqvs 

dawerili _ `poetis deda~, `patara qvao patarZeulSi~, 

`forToxala~). 

dedaCemis keTili xasiaTi dResac ganTqmulia mTels gare-kaxeTSi 

da yovelTvis magaliTad mohyavT. saocari puradi 

diasaxlisi iyo. pirveli leqsi, rac man damaswavla, iyo: 

4 

netavi Cemi sasxle maRla mTaszeda amego, 

gamvlel da gamomvlelisTvis yoveldRe kari gameRo, 

rac meSova da mepova, sul Raribebze gadmego. 

saocrad uyvarda buneba da bevri ram auxsnia CemTvis bunebis 

cxovrebidan. 

...ninowmindis dekanozis asuli _ dedaCemi _ Singazrdili 

qali iyo. skolaSi ar miecaT, magram saidan hqonda amdeni 

codna, magaliTad, mSobliur literaturisa, dResac ar 

vici. pirvelad man Caminerga siyvaruli Cveni mwerlobisa da 

Cveni istoriisa. rodesac igi da misi da maiko mohyvebodnen 

erekles ambebs, mariam dedoflis da bagrationebis gadasaxlebas 

ruseTSi, me didxans megona, rom isini Cveni naTesavebi 

iyvnen. ise mRelvarebiT gadmogvcemdnen maTs ambebs. arc 

mamidebi iyvnen daSorebulni mwerlobis interesebs: ufrosi, 

mariami, ilia WavWavaZis ojaxSi dadioda xSirad, rogorc 

olRa WavWavaZis mamis, Tadeozis, naTluli; umcrosi, taso, 

gatacebuli iyo didtaniani moTxrobebis weriT. saerTod, 

Cvens ojaxSi literaturis siyvarulis tradiciebi sakmaod 

iyo ganmtkicebuli~ (`giorgi leoniZe~ 2001: 118-120). 

giorgi leoniZis leqsebidan da kidev ufro misi natvris 

xidan~ kargad Cans, ra iSviaTi ucTomlobiT grZnobda igi kaxuri 

soflis kolorits _ peizaJis, xasiaTebis, urTierTobebis 

ganumeorebel detalebSi gabneuls. 

aris nawarmoebebi, romelTa siuJeturi qarga ukve Tavis- 

Tavad moicavs raRac intrigas: situaciebi moulodnel si-

urprizebs gvpirdebian da peresonaJebi ki — uecar feriscvalebas. 

am molodiniT atacebulni, Cvenc wrfeli interesiT 

mivyvebiT monaTxrobs; Semdeg, rodesac Cveni cnobiswadili 

ukve dakmayofilebulia, vxuravT wigns da, rogorc wesi, 

aRarc vubrundebiT mas... 

`natvris xeSi~ yvelaferi piriqiTaa: xasiaTebi ukve gamo- 

Zerwilia, urTierTobani _ saukuneobiT dadgenili, konfliqtebi 

_ isev da isev, am, tradiciuli gare-kaxuri soflis 

CarCos argacdenili... magram _ ra xasiaTebi?! ra ur- 

TierTobebi?! ra konfliqtebi?! da, aqve davamateb _ ra ena 

da ra iumori! 

ar SemiZlia aqve erTi erTi patara ilustracia ar movixmo. 

amasTanave, sruliad gamiznulad, ar vixseneb `natvris 

xis~ qrestomaTiulad cnobil portretebs (maT popularobas, 

gulwrfelni Tu viqnebiT, Tengiz abulaZis kinofilmmac 

Seuwyo xeli). iseT Canaxats SegaxsenebT, mravlad romaa gabneuli 

giorgi leoniZis am araCveulebriv avtobiografiul 

wignSi da `natvris xis~ gaunelebel xibls rom ganapirobebs. 

`Rvinjuadanaa~ es portreti, stumarTa CamonaTvalSia 

`sasxvaTaSorisod~ Caxatuli: 

`tyavis feStemalafarebuli elami kalatozi yiWala, 

sul mTvrali! kedels rom amoiyvanda, uecriv zemodan Camos- 

Zaxebda: `meecaTo!~ da marTlac navaglaxevi kedeli an pirdapir 

wamovidoda, an gverdze gadmoingreoda. 

sofeli mainc madlieri iyo yiWalasi: _ sxva arc mag sikeTes 

gvizamdao!~ (leoniZe 1962: 129). 

yiWalas gaxsenebaze _ sagangebo gamokvleva SeiZleba daiweros 

`natvris xis~ saxelTa poetikaze. magram, modiT, jer 

nu davtovebT Rvinjuas pur-marilian saxlSi gamarTul naTlobas 

da misi stumrebis CamoTvlas mivyveT. yiWala ukve 

vaxseneT. axla danarCenebi? 

Tavad gogla (raRac `TavisiT Cajda~ aq giorgi leoniZis 

moferebiTi saxeli da aRar gadavasworeb) ase iwyebs Tavis 

`memorialur nusxas~: 

`vinRa ar iyo wveuli? vin ar ginda, isic sul gasaxelebuli 

xalxi, naTlobis saxeli TiTon rom aRar axsovdaT!~ 

(leoniZe 1962: 129). 

ai, mere iwyeba CamoTvla, Tu ufro zusti viqnebi — CamoTvla-daxasiaTeba. 

da kidev erTi dazusteba, swored saxelTa 

poetikasTan dakavSirebiT: is, avtoriseuli, sxarti, saxasiaTo 

monasmi (sul oriode StrixiT rom warmogvisaxavs `suf - 

ris wevris~ portrets), umetes SemTxvevaSi, asrulebs an ag - 

5

Zelebs im `pirvelad daxasiaTebas~, rac ukve akumulirebulia 

metsaxelis metaforaSi. aba daakvirdiT: CamonaTvali 

yvelaze pativsacemi saxelebiT iwyeba: devkaJi, foladgula, 

naTlia mglexari... Semdgom amisa, erTgvari `siWrelea~ (im 

sociumissave kriteriumebiT, cxadia) _ `muStris avTvaldakruli 

mewvrilmane CanCuxa~; `soflis dalaqi, Tavbera, 

mikviria kaci...~; `Tavankara kaci, _ guTnideda Tarimani~; 

`troyia _ metyeure, _ anu tyis mcveli, gaurandavi kaci, 

TvalxuWia...~; `meSuSe kliko, _ Semparavi, avis mdomi...~; 

ènamZinari, ReWia mevele _ yruCa...~; `Toxitara _ naleva 

kaci, udReura, ufrTiano, uvarskvlavo!~; `RobemZvrala, askinkila, 

wiprua, _ nacarwayrili, gabaTilebuli calke siRaribisa, 

calke aSari colisagan~; `meRor-xbove _ cxvirgatexili 

baWyura~; ùeno, utyvi kosine _ ZeZvis mWreli...~. 

`da gana vingindavin an yvelavinme? — ganagrZobs avtori, - 

ara, sul narCevi, darbaiseli xalxi! — rumbia, ylartia, boti, 

banjura, laCina, xlarTia, zaquta, odoWa, fumfla, ylinwo, 

qviSrafa, Rintala, batata, xiwva, ybaRia, tarakuWa, lopo, 

wverikazmia, litriZiri!~ (leoniZe 1962: 131). 

metsaxelTa am margalitebidan erTic rom ar iyos sakuTriv 

leoniZiseuli, qarTveli mkiTxveli mainc samaradJamo 

movale iqneboda goglasi am iSviaTi ganZis SemonaxvisaTvis. 

aqve unda iTqvas, rom es sityviT tkboba, gnebavT _ Troba, 

giorgi leoniZes mxolod rogorc mxatvars rodi axasiaTebda; 

es iyo mTeli misi cxovrebis gatacebisa da interesis 

sagani da amis saukeTeso dasturi gaxlavT misive Ziebani 

onomasatikis, toponimikisa da, sazogadod, leqsikologiis 

sferoSi `namcvrevis~ poeturi saxeliT gaerTianebuli (ix. 

giorgi leoniZe `namcvrevi~, Tb, gam-ba ìnteleqti~, 2000 w.). 

niSandoblivia am werilTagan erT-erTis, `qarTuli saxelebis 

dasawyisi: ùpirvelesad, ram gamabedina, ram maiZula 

mezruna am saqmisaTvis, _ e.i. meCxrikna, meZebna, meTvalierebina, 

amesaxa, amekrifa is `qarTuli saxelebi~, qarTuli `saxelwodebani~, 

romlebic Seqmna, warmoaCina Cvenma sinamdvilem, 

Cvenma istoriam, Cvenma cxovrebam, saxelebi, romelTac 

atarebdnen Cveni winaprebi da romelnic, dRes SeiZleba ataros 

qarTvelma, nacvlad im umarTebulo, uSveri, ujero da 

saCoTiro saxelebisa, romelnic ase uzrunvelad da ucnaurad 

vrceldeba CvenSi~ (leoniZe 2000a: 820). 

albaT, amitomaa, rom sulxan-sabasadmi miZRvnili leoni- 

Ziseuli leqsis erTi strofi yovelTvis gvitovebs meore 

adresatis SegrZnebas da, vgoneb, me ara var is erTaderTi 

6

mkiTxveli, vinc sabas didebuli figuris zurgsukan Tavad 

avtors xedavs: 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

da ros Rrubeli guls gibnelebda, 

samSoblos caze gamoxlarTuli, 

Sen samkurnalo balaxebiviT 

mogikrefia sityva qarTuli... 

(leoniZe 2000: 165) 

`natvris xis~ portretebis galerea adamanuri xasiaTebis 

srul diapazons moicavs _ SesaZloa, es idea arc ido avtobiografiuli 

novelebis Tavdapirvel CanafiqrSi, magram 

xasiaTebis am mravalferovnebam da simdidrem erTi garekaxuri 

sofeli, `mTeli duniis~, mTeli ukidegano qveynierebis 

patara modelad warmosaxa _ Tavisi brZenebiTa da 

SerekilebiT, Tavisi tradiciis burjebiTa da anarqistebiT, 

Tavisi cas miCerebuli idealistebiTa da miwas CabRauWebuli 

realistebiT ... 

magram, es mxolod erTi xedia `natvris xis~ kenwerodan 

gaSlili Tvalsawierisa da, vgoneb, arc Tu mTavari. kidev 

ufro mniSvnelovani is aris, rom leoniZiseuli sofeli, mainc 

TviTkmari cxovrebiT cxovrobs, Tavisi faseulobebiT, 

Tavisi adaTiT, Tavisi dResaswaulebiTa da dramebiT... erTni 

welmagarni arian, meoreni SeWirvebulni, magram arcerT maTgans 

sxvagan cxovreba ar warmoudgenia — samyaro maTTvis am 

soflis SemogareniTaa SemosazRvruli... 

erTi novela `natvris xeSi~ mogviTxrobs am saukuneobiT 

Seqmnili erTobliobidan amovardnili ùZRebi Svilis~ 

istorias: 

òrmoc weliwadze meti iyo soflidan TbilisSi meetled 

gaqceuli iagora da erTxelac ar gaxsenebia sofeli~ 

(leoniZe 1962: 50). ase iwyeba `meetle iagora~ _ erT-erTi 

yvelaze sevdiani ambavi `natvris xeSi~ monaTxrobTagan. 

daubrunda gaciebul mamiseul keras qalaqis ùcxo mSvenebebs~ 

daxarbebuli ùZRebi Svili~. magram, vai rom, gviani 

aRmoCnda es dabruneba _ imitomac, rom glexuri garjis gemoc 

dakarga da unaric, magram, kidev ufro imitom, rom ra- 

Rac ucxo seni, raRac cTuneba erTTavad RrRnis mis suls, 

ar asvenebs, Zils ufrTxobs, aforiaqebs, bolos ki — sicocxles 

gamoasalmebs: 

`_ ax, vera vZleb uqalaqod, iqaur sinaTles venacvale! 

kacic is aris, vinc qvafenili gamoigona! vera, ver vitan aqa- 

7

ur talaxs, aqaur sibneles! qaTmebTan erTad rogor davi- 

Zino? marto var... momwyinda... Sin ra minda... Tu ara da cixeSi 

waval, iq, xalxSi mainc vilaparakeb...~ (leoniZe 1962: 52). 

Cveni cixeebi dRemde savsea aseTi ìagorebiT~. Tu aq vityviT, 

rom `natvris xis~ CrdilqveS moTxrobilma patara ambavma, 

Cveni qveynisaTvis XX saukuneSi erTi yvelaze mtkivneuli 

problema asaxa da aTasobiT adamianis xiluli Tu uxilavi 

dramis saTaveebi dagvanaxa, _ albaT, zeaweulad iJRerebs. 

magram, es marTla asea! 

`natvris xe~ warsulis aCrdilebis moxmobaa. gardasulni 

aq rig-rigobiT gamoikveTebian xsovnis burusidan, raTa TavianTi 

ubiri da tanjuli cxovreba gaiTamaSon, - werda Tamaz 

bibiluri, _ CiTiskabianebi, TavSalianebi, farajianebi, tyapuWebianni, 

qalamnianni, ucnaurad rom gaparulan, unaneblad 

rom dautovebiaT akvani da jara, bostani da Tone, venaxi 

da mindori, damiwebulebi, uRmerTo jafiT dawretilebi... 

Cven unda yvela maTganis cxovreba Tavidan bolomde vnaxoT, 

ufro sworad ki _ mimwuxri, Semodgoma maTi cxovrebisa...~ 

(`giorgi leoniZe~ 2001: 393). 

ise mgonia, Tamaz bibiluri, rogorc Zalzed faqizi prozaikosi, 

gumaniT Caxvda giorgi leoniZis lirikuli prozis 

`stiqiur istorizms~. 

misi poeziis istorizms rom CavukvirdeT _ mkafiod 

gamokveTili koncefciiTa da `panTeoniT~, sadac istoriul 

movlenaTa da pirovnebaTa Sefasebisas (sakmarisia Tundac 

giorgi saakaZis leoniZiseuli Sefasebis evolucias mivadevnoT 

Tvali), Cven ara mxolod gmiruli warsulis mexotbes, 

aramed am warsulis mkvlevarsac vxedavT, romelsac, droTa 

ganmavlobaSi, esa Tu is Tavisi mimarTeba SeuZlia Secvalos 

kidec da aRiarebul istoriul stereotipebsac daupirispirdes... 

magram, yovelive amis miRma _ zeatacebul paTos- 

Sic da `qarTlis cxovrebis~ TvalebgafarToebul mkiTxvelSic, 

xedavT swored im `sulis margebeli saRamoebiT~ 

nazard ymawvils, romelsac, dedis monaTxrobiT guldaTuTquls, 

ruseTs adgilmiCenili bagrationebi sisxliT naTesavebi 

hgonia... 

samSoblos istoriuli bedukuRmarTobis mZafri Tanagancda 

giorgi leoniZis poetur striqonebs TviTmxilvelis 

damajereblobas aZlevda. rodesac mis prozaze vlaparakobT, 

aq isev da isev `natvris xis~ erT-erTi yvelaze keTil- 

Sobili personaJi, soflis bavSvebis moZRvari, Corexi gvaxsendeba: 

`samSoblos bediT mudam mWmunvare, Wirnanaxi, sev- 

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diT guldaRamebuli, mxolod warsulis trfiali...~; is 

Corexi _ `warsuliT rom sunTqavda~, romelsac `qarTlis 

Wiri~ RrRnida, viTarc mourCeneli seni da romelic `TvalnaTliv 

xedavda saqarTvelos Wrilobebs~ (`Corexi~). ai, kidev 

erTi Tema leoniZis Semoqmedebis momaval mkvlevarTaTvis 

_ avtorisa da misi personaJebis sulieri naTesaobis 

kvleva... 

damowmebani: 

leoniZe 1962: leoniZe g. `natvris xe~. Tb.: `nakaduli~, 1962. 

`giorgi leoniZe~ 2001: `giorgi leoniZe~ _ saiubileo krebuli 

(Semdgeneli _ Tamar barbaqaZe). Tb.:`saari~, 2001. 

leoniZe 2000: leoniZe g. `saqarTvelos cremlebi~. leqsebi (Sedgenili 

nestan leoniZis mier). Tb.: 2000. 

leoniZe 2000a: giorgi leoniZe, erTtomeuli, (Semdgeneli _ iza 

orjonikiZe). Tb.: g. leoniZis sax. literaturis muzeumis gam-ba, 2000. 

leoniZe 2008: giorgi leoniZe, `natvris xe~ (poezia, proza). el. 

koSoriZis komentarebisa da leqsikonis TandarTviT, Tb.: `nakaduli~, 

2008. 

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10 

`me misTvis vgeSav leqsis miminos...~ 

giorgi leoniZis wminda da marTali leqsi advilad ipyrobs 

mkiTxvelisa Tu msmenelis gonebasa da emocias. poetis 

metaforebi originaluria da, amave dros, erovnuli 

mwerlobisa da qarTuli xalxuri poeziis saxeobrivi azrovnebiT 

aris STagonebuli. 

giorgi leoniZe _ poeti da giorgi leoniZe _ qarTuli 

leqsis mkvlevari ise bunebrivad erwymis erTmaneTs, rom 

misi poeziis interpretaciisas leqsi da konkretuli metafora 

xSirad erTmaneTis amxsnel-damazusteblad gvevlineba. 

giorgi leoniZis leqsis Seswavla hermenevitikisa da recefciuli 

esTetikis TvalsazrisiT, axleburad warmogvidgens 

poetis recipients _ mkiTxvels, damkvirvebels. miT 

ufro, Tu es damkvirvebeli, mkiTxveli, erTi mxriv, poeti 

iqneba, meore mxriv, poeti da leqsis mkvlevari da mesame _ 

profesionali leqsmcodne. vgulisxmobT: arCil sulakaurs, 

emzar kvitaiSvilsa da akaki xinTibiZes. saanalizod ki 

konkretul mxatvrul saxes `miminos~ metaforas mivmarTavT. 

vfiqrob, poetis, poet-mkvlevrisa da leqsmcodnis gancdili 

da naazrevi `miminos~ mxatvruli saxis interpretaciisas, 

sakuTar ganmarteba-dakvirvebasac gavamJRavnebT 

`SegrZnebisa~ Tu `SeniSvnis~ saxiT. pol rikiori narkvevSi 

`metafora da hermenevtikis ZiriTadi problema~ (1972) aRniSnavda: 

`metafora ganixileba ara rogorc mxolod 

`grZnobadi~ operacia, aramed rogorc sinTezuri konstruqcia, 

`semantikuri movlena~, romelsac gamoarCevs ara 

imdenad lingvisturi statusi, ramdenadac _ avtoris mier 

provocirebuli unikaluri konteqstualuri Rirebuleba~ 

(ratiani 2008: 121). 

arCil sulakauris leqs-interpretacias giorgi leoni- 

Zis poeziis arsis gasagebad, emzar kvitaiSvilis wigns `qar- 

Tuli sityvis baziers~ da akaki xinTibiZis mcire dakvirvebas 

àsamaRlebeli xmis~ Taobaze, Cveni azriT, erT obieqtur 

aRmoCenamde mivyavarT _ giorgi leoniZis mier leqsis daniSnulebis, 

arsis axsnis Tavisebur cdamde. 

giorgi leoniZis gardacvalebidan sul male, 1972 wels, 

poetis saiubileo saRamoze, baTumSi, arCil sulakaurma

giorgi leoniZis monatrebas miuZRvna Tavisi Sedevri `mxolod 

erTxel...~: 

I. minda, zvrebi gazafxulis 

Rrubels movawvimino. 

vai, rogor gafrenila 

Cemi JRali mimino?! 

II. mivdivar da sad mivdivar, 

sadauri saiTa? 

lelo erTxel gavitane 

gana kidev gavitan?! 

III. gumbaTs erTxel Camovkide 

mogugune zarebi 

da darubands mxolod erTxel 

Camovxseni karebi. 

IV. mxolod erTxel aRvaSene 

sveticxovlis taZari 

da laSqari didgorisken 

mxolod erTxel davZari. 

V. mxolod erTxel damesizmra 

siyvarulis sizmari 

da ganmexvna erTxel mxolod 

karni samoTxisani. 

VI. minda, zvrebi gazafxulis 

Rrubels movawvimino, 


Cemi JRali mimino?! 

VII. sadauri sad gafrinda, 

vis cerze zis tiali, 

vis Seudga da vis asmevs 

SarbaTs oqros fialiT?! 

VIII. axla gumbaTs man dahkidos 

mogugune zarebi 

da darubands axla erTxel 

man Camoxsnas karebi! 

IX. axla sxvaman aRaSenos 

sveticxovlis taZari 

da laSqari dasZras didgors, 

rogorc erTxel davZari! 

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12 

X. axla sxvasac daesizmros 

siyvarulis sizmari 

da ganexvnes erTxel sxvasac 

karni samoTxisani! 

XI. minda, zvrebi gazafxulis 

Rrubels movawvimino, 


Cemi JRali mimino! 

arCil sulakauris es lirikuli Sedevri heterosilaburi 

sazomiT aris dawerili da xalxuri poeziis ritmiT iqcevs 

yuradRebas: maRali Sairi (4/4) SvidmarcvledTan (4/3; 

2/5) aris Sewyobili TiToeul strofSi, romelic xalxuri 

leqsis intervaliani riTmiT (I, VI, XI) Sekrula (xaxa). gansakuTrebiT 

efeqturia leqsSi samgzis (I, VI, XI) gameorebuli 

strofi, romlis wyvili taepebi Svidmarcvledis iSviaTi 

variaciiT (2/5) aris gamarTuli. leqsis I-V strofebi originalurad, 

TiTqos, dialogurad varirebs VI-X strofebSi. 

am leqsiT arCil sulakaurma Tavisi saTayvano poetisa da 

wuTisoflis gasaubreba, gabaaseba warmogvidgina, romlis 

centraluri saxe gafrenili miminoa. II-V da VII-X strofebi, 

TiTqmis, urTierTidenturia: monatrebad da momavali poetebis 

waqezebad aRiqmeba (VII-X strofebSi). 

arCil sulakauri am, `monatrebis~, leqsSi giorgi 

leoniZis poeturi xatebis reminiscenciebisa da aluziebis 

tyveobaSi moaqcevs mkiTxvels da ise sasiamovno buranSi 

gaaxvevs mas, rom erTi da imave mogonebis gameorebas waaki- 

Txebs sintaqsuri paralelizmebiT gamarTuli taepebiT, 

sulmouTqmelad, erTdroulad, warsulsa da momavalSi. 

... da darubands mxolod erTxel 

Camovxseni karebi... 

... da laSqari didgorisken 

mxolod erTxel davZaxi... 

... da darubands axla erTxel 

man Camoxsnas karebi!.. 

... da laSqari dasZras didgors, 

rogorc erTxel davZari!.. 

arCil sulakauris leqsis kiTxvisas giorgi leoniZis 

leqsis eqo JRers, daviT aRmaSeneblisadmi miZRvnilis:

Senis didebis aSuqe mTebi, 

Sens naamagars zRvebi galoben, 

xmliT ganamtkice Sen saqarTvelo 

darubandidan rkinis palomde. 

(`daviT aRmaSenebels~, leoniZe 2000: 290) 

arCil sulakauris leqss `mxolod erTxel~... hqvia da, 

Cans, poeti gulisxmobs, rom mxolod erTxel dgeba leqsis 

Seqmnis wami, mxolod erTxel ixilavs poeti ganumeorebel, 

mSvenier wuTs, romelsac miminosaviT Casafrebuli elodeba 

Semoqmedi da cdilobs, leqsSi gamoamwyvdios igi. arCil 

sulakauris poeziaSi `Rrubeli~, rogorc mxatvruli 

saxe, rogorc metafora, Zvirfasi poetebis gaxsenebisas 

Cndeba; asea am leqsSic da asea leqsSi `Cemi Rrubeli~, 

romelic simon Ciqovanis monatrebas eZRvneba: 

gadaiara mamulze wvimam, 

nislma, 

naRvelma 

da daRlilobam, 

da axla mxrebiT Rrubeli mimaqvs, 

rom Sevixvio Zveli Wriloba. 

(sulakauri 1977: 85) 

`mxolod erTxel...~ sruliad gancalkevebiT dgas 

arCil sulakauris SemoqmedebaSi. rvamarcvledi (5/3; 4/4) 

g. leoniZis poeziaSi meore adgils iWers simetriuli aTmarcvledis 

(5/5) Semdeg, Tumca maRal Sairze metad dabal 

Sairs aJRerebda poeti. arCil sulakaurma warmatebiT 

miagno maRali Sairisa da Svidmarcvledis (5/2; 4/3) 

iSviaTi ritmuli wyobis (2/5) Sefardebas da amitomac gaimeora 

igi samgzis zemoxsenebul leqsSi: `Rrubels movawvimino~, 

`Cemi JRali mimino~ _ anu 2/5, atenis sionis leqsiTi 

warweris: `wava viTarca wamis~ analogiuria da unikaluri 

ritmuli svlaa XIX-XX saukuneebis qarTul poeziaSi. arCil 

sulakauri giorgi leoniZis poeziis eqos imeorebs am leqsSi 

da cdilobs, poetis intonacia da tembric ki Semounaxos 

mkiTxvels. albaT, SemTxveviTi arc is aris, rom arCil 

sulakaurs gansakuTrebiT uyvarda Turme giorgi leoniZis 

`cicari~ _ esec bazierisa da bazis siyvaruliTa da xalxuri 

dabali SairiT, intervaliani riTmiT dawerili. emzar 

kvitaiSvili igonebs: 1965 wlis 27 dekembers, giorgi leoni- 

Zis bolo dabadebis dRes, Turme, arCil sulakaurs `cicari~ 

13

waukiTxavs: `mogvianebiT arCil sulakauri SemouerTda 

sufras. Seqeifianebuli iyo. dagvianebuls CvenSi, rogorc 

wesi, jarimas akisreben, Semoswrebuls sasmisze uari ar ganucxadebia: 

sadRegrZelos magivrad, Tu nebas momcemT, erT 

Cems sayvarel leqss wavikiTxavo, Tqva da `cicari~ gaixsena~ 

(kvitaiSvili 2003: 13). 

dabali da maRali SairiT iwereboda giorgi leoniZis 

pirveli leqsebi 1911-1914 wlebSi (`mcxeTa~ (3/5), `daibada~ 

(4/4), `hangi(arakis)~ (4/4), `surviliT~ (5/3), `Cemi leqsi~ (4/4), 

`hangebi. a.g.~ (4/4). arCil sulakauris saanalizo leqsSi 

`mxolod erTxel~ giorgi leoniZis Sedevris `wava leqsi da 

waiRebs~ (1928) dabali Sairis eqoc rekavs: 

14 

vai, rom erTxel dagrekavs 

da mere SegrTavs qviSasa! 

wava leqsi da waiRebs, 

axalgazrdobis niSansa... 

(leoniZe 2006: 49) 

vfiqrob, arCil sulakauris leqsis saTauri giorgi 

leoniZis am striqonebiTac unda iyos STagonebuli; eWvs 

aZlierebs arCil sulakauris leqsSi iSviaTi zmnuri neologizmis: 

`movawvimino~ Soreuli kavSiri g. leoniZis zemoxsenebuli 

leqsis zmnasTan: `ganiaRvara~: 

gahyveba cremlis sagzali, 

Tmebidan erTi WaRara; 

wava, is talRac gaSreba, 

guSin rom ganiaRvara! 

(leoniZe 2001: 48) 

giorgi leoniZis leqsis interpretaciisas mkvlevarebic 

da poetebic SeumCnevels ar toveben poetis arc Tu ise 

cnobil, magram Zalian saintereso leqss, romelsac `mcxe- 

Tis mTebSi~ (1935) hqvia: igi sami, kenttaepiani strofisagan 

(7, 5, 5) Sedgeba, uriTmo, TeTri leqsia, simetriuli aTmarcvlediT 

(5/5) dawerili. giorgi leoniZis poeziisaTvis 

uriTmoba da kenttaepianoba, saerTod, ar aris damaxasiaTebeli, 

magram am TeTr leqss, Cans, sagangebo saTqmeli unda 

ganecxadebina poet-Teoretikosisa, romelmac Zalian kargad 

icoda sakuTari leqsis gamorCeuloba da Zala:

dRes xeobebSi Cemi leqsi hqris, 

miwiT Sesvrili, taxis Ronisa; 

asamaRlebels axla me vityvi, 

saTqmels miminos _ mokiviliTa, _ 

aha, samSoblov, sityva qarTuli! 

(leoniZe 2000: 222) 

akaki xinTibiZem werili miuZRvna àsamaRlebeli xmis~ 

garkvevas, rodesac igi ilia WavWavaZis azrs ganixilavda 

grigol orbelianis uriTmo leqsebis Taobaze: `qarTul sityvasac 

Tavisi asamaRlebeli xma hqonia, egre saWiro leqsTawyobis 

xmovanebisa da musikisaTvis~. termini `TeTri 

leqsTwyoba~ pirvelma ilia WavWavaZem Semoitana erovnul 

versifikaciaSi da isic daadgina, rom uriTmo leqsSi striqonis 

bolo sityvebi amaRlebulia (striqonis bolos toni 

aweulia), rac riTmis analogias qmnis. ise rogorc, locvis 

dros saRvTo werilis TiToeuli muxlis bolo sityva (leqsi) 

xmamaRla warmoiTqmis (Возглас). akaki xinTibiZes miaCnia, 

rom ilias azriT: àsamaRlebeli xma~ uriTmobis kompensaciaa, 

_ gaTvaliswinebulia giorgi leoniZis zemoxsenebuli 

leqsis citirebul taepebSic~ (xinTibiZe 2000: 217). 

emzar kvitaiSvils igive citata imis dasturad miaCnia, 

rom `misma naTqvamma mSobeli qveyana unda aamaRlos da gaaZlieros~ 

(kvitaiSvili 2003: 127); arCil sulakauris zemoxsenebul 

leqsSic xmianobs es `miminos mokivili~, romelsac 

Rrublebis simaRlidan dahyurebs poetis suli. vaJa-fSavelas 

gacxadebuli natvris msgavsad, gardacvlili poeti wvimad 

ubrundeba samSoblos zvrebs: 1) Rrublebi _ 2) gumbaTi 

_ 3) darubandi _ 4) sveticxovlis taZari _ 5) didgori _ 

6) siyvarulis sizmari _ 7) samoTxe _ aseTia is Svidi safexuri, 

is `Svidi ca~, romelic giorgi leoniZis poeturma 

sulma gaiara dedamiwidan samoTxisaken aRmaval gzaze, da 

romelsac xval sxvani gaivlian: 

...sxva gazafxulis wvimebi 

mwvervalebs daewureba, 

sxva ijiriTebs, sxva imRers 

sxva mzeSi naziarebi... 

isev darekavs mTebidan 

miminos oqros zarebi. 

(leoniZe 2000: 219) 

15

_ wers giorgi leoniZe leqsSi `TuSis qali alaverdobaSi~ 

(1934). 

vfiqrob, arCil sulakaurs Tavisi leqsis SeTxzvisas Tu- 

Sis qalisadmi miZRvnili am Sedevris striqonebic Caesmoda, 

rac xalxuri Sairis ritmiTa da giorgi leoniZis mkveTri 

Tanxmovnebis aliteraciiT (j, J, R, W, x, y) unda ametyvelebuliyo 

sayvareli poetisadmi miZRvnili leqsis striqonebSi; 

g. leoniZe ase mimarTavs TuSis qals alaverdobaSi: 

16 

da xmovanebiT ciuri 

viT idumali galoba, 

jiriTis qarSi, mesmoda, 

JReroda Seni sayure. 

(leoniZe 2000:219) 

vfiqrob, g. leoniZis `JRerodas~ unda gamoewvia arCil 

sulakauris `JRali~. cnobilia, rom sityva saleqso konstruqciaSi 

Tvisebrivad sxva movlenaa, vidre sityva enaSi. 

ferisa (`JRali~) da xmis (`JReroda~) dakavSireba poetis 

warmosaxvaSi am ori leqsis (arC. sulakauris `mxolod er- 

Txel~ da g. leoniZis `TuSis qali alaverdobaSi~) evfoniurritmul 

naTesaobas gvafiqrebinebs. evfoniisa da poeturi 

situaciis urTierTobaze saubrisas Teimuraz doiaSvili 

SeniSnavs: `poeturi teqsti enobriv masalaSi realizebuli 

situaciaa, romelsac avtori ise aregulirebs, rom mkiTxvelamde 

rac SeiZleba srulad miitanos Tavisi Canafiqri~ 

(doiaSvili 1981: 107). 

giorgi leoniZisaTvis leqsi àJRerebuli sityvaa~, amitomac 

sityva `JRera~ yvelaze xSiria poetis im leqsebSi, 

romlebic poeziis arss, leqsis raobas, danSnulebas 

eZRvneba: 

leqso, sad ivli, sadamde? 

me aRar SegekiTxebi... 

ar davardeba miwaze 

aJRerebuli sityvebi... 

(`sad inavardeb...~ leoniZe 2000:255) 

miyvars qarTlis ca iisfereba, 

misi brwyinvale, wminda tatnobi, 

TviTeuli xma mas eJRereba, 

Cemi gulidan gamonadnobi. 

(`hei, arwivno!~ leoniZe 2000: 289)

arCil sulakaurs rom giorgi leoniZis TvaliT danaxuli 

da gancdili alaverdi gansakuTrebiT uyvarda, amas alaverdisadmi 

miZRvnili misi leqsic mowmobs, romelsac epigrafad 

wamZRvarebuli aqvs g. leoniZis citata: `Sors alaverdis 

gedi micuravs...~ 

gafrena 

`Sors alaverdis gedi micuravs~. 

giorgi leoniZe 

es Cemi TeTri alaverdia, 

maRal mzeras rom sivrceSi isvris. 

TiTqos miwaze ver daetia 

Camoibertya mxrebidan nisli. 

mainc amgvarad vin iocneba, 

gumbaTi caSi vin aisrola? 

uTuod vnaxav dRes saocrebas, 

dRes saswauliT var daisruli. 

gumbaTo, 

Senebr ltolva maswavle, 

maCvene xidi cisa da miwis! 

dRes usaTuod vnaxav saswauls... 

vaime, 

ukve frTebis xma ismis! 

(sulakauri 1977: 82-83) 

giorgi leoniZisaTvis wignis bedi momaval frenas ukav- 

Sirdeboda. gafrenili sityvisa da leqsis eqo STamomavlobas 

unda esmina: 

RmerTo, es wigni amTabarule, 

frTebi mieci da gaqaneba, _ 

(ès wigni~, 1940; leoniZe 2000: 278) 

_ natrobda poeti. 

xolo imave wels daweril leqsSi: `Cito, waiRe es wigni~ 

ase sTxovda Cits: 

Cito, waiRe es wigni 

naweri gulis JrJoliTa, 

rac CaganZula guls Signi, 

gareT aqrole qroliTa! 

(leoniZe 2000: 282) 

17

`miyvarda sityva miminosebri~ (ànderZi~, 1944) _ aseTia 

poetis ganacxadi, romelic `raindis epitafias~ exmianeba: 

18 

TeTri mimino miyvarda, 

Cems cerze SemoCveuli. 

(leoniZe 2000: 134) 

g. leoniZis poeziaSi marTlac erTmaneTisagan gaumijnavia 

mxedari, raindi, monadire da moaspareze, moburTali, 

mojiriTe da leqsis mTqmeli, sityviT mSvenierebis, silamazis, 

Rirsebisa da vaJkacobis, siyvarulisa da sikeTis momxelTebeli 

da ukvdavmyofeli. swored amitomac ambobda poeti: 

`me misTvis vgeSav leqsis miminos~ (leoniZe 2000: 454) da 

swamda STamomavlobisaTvis mis mier wuTisofelSi monadirebuli 

leqsebis ukvdavebisa. 

damowmebani: 

doiaSvili 1981: doiaSvili T. leqsis evfonia. Tb.: `sabWoTa 

saqarTvelo~, 1981. 

kvitaiSvili 2003: kvitaiSvili e. qarTuli sityvis bazieri. Tb.: `TeTri 

giorgi~, 2003. 

leoniZe 2000: leoniZe g. saqarTvelos cremlebi. I. patarZeulis 

giorgi leoniZis saxl-muzeumis gamocemebi. Tb.: 2000. 

leoniZe 2001: leoniZe g. ole da ololebi. Tb.: `saari~, 2001. 

ratiani 2008: ratiani i. hermenevtika. _ literaturis Teoria. XX 

saukunis ZiriTadi meTodolgiuri koncefciebi da mimdinareobebi. Tb.: 

literaturis institutis gamomceloba, 2008. 

sulakauri 1977: sulakauri a. leqsebi. moTxrobebi. Tb.: `sabWoTa 


xinTibiZe 2000: xinTibiZe ak. versifikaciuli narkvevebi. Tb.: Tbilisis 

saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba, 2000.

qeTevan bezaraSvili 

Tamar lomiZe 

amaRlebulisa da gansacvifreblis cnebebi 

Zvel literaturul-Teoriul naazrevSi 

da galaktionTan 

winamdebare statiaSi ganvixilavT ramdenime nawarmoebs, 

romlebSic aisaxa antikuri xelovnebisa da qristianuli 

kulturis galaktioniseuli aRqma. SevniSnavT, rom es nawarmoebebi 

SevarCieT ara marto imis gamo, rom isini STagonebulia 

antikuri miTologiiTa da xelovnebiT, aramed imitomac, 

rom maTSi, Cveni azriT, SeiniSneba antikuri da Sua saukuneebis 

esTetikis zegavlena poetis msoflaRqmaze. amitom sa- 

Wirod CavTvaleT, gagveanalizebina amaRlebulisa da gansacvifreblis 

cnebebi (romelTac antikuri epoqis moazrovneebi 

xelovnebis ZiriTad principebad miiCnevdnen) ise, rogorc 

isini ganixileboda antikur da qristianul esTetikaSi 

da ise, rogorc isini, Cveni azriT, xorcSesxmulia galaktionis 

qmnilebebSi. 

yovelTvis, rodesac analizis sagania iseTi mxatvruli 

teqstebi, romlebic STagonebulia antikuri (an, saerTod, 

nebismieri ucxo) kulturiT, dasaSvebia SesaZlebloba, rom 

ucxo kulturis avtoriseuli interpretacia erTgvarad modernizebulia 

da ar emTxveva antikuri xelovnebis gaazrebas 

TviT antikur esTetikaSi. ra Tqma unda, kvlevis dasawyisSi 

Cvenc a priori ar miviCnevdiT, rom gansacvifreblisa da amaRlebulis 

kategoriebi aucileblad monawileoben galaktionis 

nawarmoebebSi. Cveni mizani iyo imis dadgena, safuZvlad 

udevs Tu ara es kategoriebi gansaxilvel teqstebs, iqcnen 

Tu ara isini galaktionis esTetikis organul nawilad. amas- 

Tan, es problema zogadad ukavSirdeba antikuri da qristianuli 

esTetikis aRqmis sakiTxs simbolistebis mier, iseve, 

rogorc konkretulad erovnuli da evropuli poeturi tradiciebis 

recefciis sakiTxs galaktionTan (rac, Tavad 

galaktionis definiciis mixedviT, aris evropuli axali poeziis 

formisa da qarTuli sulis sinTezi _ galaktion 

tabiZis Jurnali, 1922). 1 

19

20 

amaRlebulisa da gansacvifreblis cneba 

literaturis antikur TeoriebSi 

ritorikisa da poetikis antikur TeoriebSi, sadac upiratesad 

formobrivi mSvenierebis kanonebi ganixileboda, axal 

sityvas warmoadgenda Semoqmedebis musiuri warmoSobis 

platoniseuli idea, poeziisa da, zogadad, xelovnebis filosofiurobis 

aristoteleseuli idea da mis mierve Semu- 

Savebuli kaTarzisis cneba, aseve _ moqmedebis erTianobis 

idea. am fonze literaturis TeoriaSi Semodis longinosis 

koncefcia amaRlebulis Sesaxeb. miiCneven, rom longinosis 

traqtatma amaRlebulis Sesaxeb axali ena daamkvidra literaturis 

kritikaSi, sadac manamde aristoteles poetikas 

gabatonebuli pozicia ekava. aristoteles Teoriis kvalobaze, 

romlis mixedviT, literaturis saboloo mizani siamovnebaa, 

longini amaRlebulobas da didebulebas diadi 

sulis gamoZaxilad ganixilavs. misi azriT, mxatvruli stilic 

pirovnulobis niSniT aris aRbeWdili, da es ara mxolod 

mSvenieri sityvieri qsoviliT miiRweva, aramed _ ufro metad 

_ amaRlebuli SinaarsiT. swored amaRlebulis arseboba 

faravs SesaZlo teqnikur lafsusebs da aris sawindari 

imisa, rom sicocxle Rirebulia (aristotele 1960: IX-XX). 

amgvarad, amaRlebulis cneba esTetikuri kategoriis 

mniSvnelobiT pirvelad ganixila ax. w. I saukuneSi fsevdolonginosad 

wodebulma ucnobma literatorma da Teoretikosma 

(am terminis tradiciul mniSvnelobasTan _ maRali 

stilis aRniSvnasTan erTad). miCneulia, rom amaRlebulis 

cneba fsevdo-longins sabolood ara aqvs Camoyalibebuli 

da mis zust da amomwurav definicias ar iZleva (ix. amaRlebulisaTvis, 

T. 6) (fsevdo-longine 1967: 39-40). amis 

dasturad Tvlian imas, rom igi sinonimebad xmarobs iseT 

sityvebs, rogoricaa: amaRlebuli, maRali, gansacvifrebeli, 

diadi, didebuli; amas SeiZleba davumatoT: sidiade, 

simaRle, mSvenieri da sxv. longinosis mixedviT, àmaRlebuli 

ki ar arwmunebs msmenels, aramed aRelvebs da aRafrTovanebs 

mas, vinaidan gansacvifrebeli yovelTvis ufro mZafr 

zemoqmedebas axdens, vidre sarwmuno da sasiamovno. mar- 

Tlac, sarwmunos dajereba an ardajereba Cveni nebaa, xolo 

gansacvifrebeli imdenad Zlieria da winaaRudgomeli, rom 

misi zemoqmedeba savsebiT damoukidebelia Cveni neba-survilisgan~; 

`maS, dae, SenTvis mSvenieri da WeSmaritad amaRlebuli 

iyos mxolod is, rac yvelasTvis da yovelTvis

mSvenieria da amaRlebuli~; `rac ufro met gulgrilobas 

iCenen kacni yovelive Cveulebrivis, yoveldRiurisa da, ase 

gasinje, TviT maTTvis aucilebelis mimarT, miT ufro metad 

acvifrebs maT yovelive uCveulo da moulodneli~). amdenad, 

amaRlebulisa da gansacvifreblis cnebebs erTad ganvixilavT. 

cnobilia, rom amaRlebulis (da Sesabamisad, gansacvifreblis) 

cnebas fsevdo-longinosi sam aspeqtSi warmoadgens: 

bunebaSi, adamianis (kerZod, Semoqmedis) sulsa da mxatvrul 

SemoqmedebaSi. 

bunebasTan mimarTebaSi amaRlebulis cneba man RvTaebrivTan, 

mSvenierebasTan da sidiadesTan daakavSira, rac, 

misive azriT, adamianis arsebobis gamarTlebaa. amaRlebuls 

ukavSirdeba gansacvifreblis cneba: `dedabuneba ... gvinergavs 

sulSi uZlevelsa da Seumusrvel siyvaruls yovelive 

diadis mimarT, vinaidan misi buneba aTaswilad ufro RvTaebrivia, 

vidre Cveni; masSi yvelafers sWarbobs mSveniereba 

da sidiade; is mTlianad gvicxadebs Cveni amqveyniuri arsebobis 

mizans~. 

Semoqmedis sulTan mimarTebaSi amaRlebulis cneba aer- 

Tianebs esTetikur da eTikur momentebs, radgan àmaRlebuli 

sulieri simaRlis gamoZaxilia~. mxolod Semoqmedis ganwmendili 

suli wvdeba da gamoxatavs mas: àmaRlebuli maRali 

azris nayofia, xolo misi Semoqmedi Tavadac maRalia da 

maRlad mxedi~. radgan baZvis antikuri cneba winamorbed 

SemoqmedTa miRwevebis baZvasac gulisxmobs (mis platoniseul 

da aristoteliseul sayovelTaod cnobil gagebasTan 

erTad), bunebrivia, rom es cneba fsevdo-longinossac aqvs 

warmodgenili, oRond sxvisi STagonebis safuZvelze sakuTari 

STagonebis warmoqmnis mniSvnelobiT: `Cveni sulebi 

xarbad unda ewafebodnen amaRlebuls da, amrigad, gamudmebiT 

nayofierdebodnen sxvisi Tandayolili STagonebiT~; 

`platoni amaRlebulTan Tanaziarebis kidev erT gzas gvTavazobs. 

mainc ra gzaa es? warsulis didi mwerlebisa Tu 

poetebis mibaZva da maT kvaldakval svla; Zveli mwerlebis 

diad qmnilebaTa suli cxovelmyofeli ZaliT avsebs maT 

mimbaZvelebs ... am RvTaebrivi Zalis wyalobiT TviT saSualo 

niWis mweralic ki eziareba xolme amaRlebuls~. Semoqmedis 

amaRlebuloba mkiTxvelzec axdens zegavlenas. amitom 

bunebrivia, rom fsevdo-longinosi saubrobs mkiTxvelis Tanagancdisa 

da amaRlebis Sesaxeb, ris safuZvelsac xelovnebis 

qmnilebisagan mogvrili sixaruli da siamovneba warmoadgens: 

`Cveni suli Tavisi bunebiT eqosaviT exmianeba WeS- 

21

maritad amaRlebuls, romelic iseTi sixaruliTa da zviadi 

TviTrwmeniT aRavsebs mas, TiTqos TviT iyos misive aRmvsebis 

Semoqmedi da Semqmneli~. 

mxatvrul SemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT fsevdo-longinosi 

ganixilavs amaRlebulis xuT arsebiT niSans, romelTagan 

zogi Semoqmedis sulis simaRlesa da siTamames, agreTve 

paToss (vnebas) gamoxatavs, zogi ki _ mWevrmetyvelebis naswavl 

xelovnebas (azrobrivi da sityvieri figurebis mwyobr 

erTobliobas da sityvakazmulobas); dabolos, maTi organuli 

mTlianobis amaRlebulis xarisxSi ayvanil erTobliobas. 

fsevdo-longinosma stilis ganmsazRvreli normatuli kanonebis 

paralelurad Semoqmedis individualuri msoflSegrZneba, 

misi vnebebi, movlenebis miseuli aRqmisa da interpretaciis 

manera gamoacxada mxatvruli stilisa da amaRlebulis, 

rogorc harmoniuli struqturis, gamsazRvrel 

faqtorad: `sityvieri harmonia, Tavisi bunebiT, ara marto 

arwmunebs da siamovnebas aniWebs msmenels, aramed amaRlebulisa 

da WeSmarit vnebaTa gamovlenis gansacvifrebel sa- 

Sualebadac gvevlineba ... gana azrebisa da sityvebis urTierTSerwymiT 

es sityvieri simfonia harmoniulad ar exmianeba 

amaRlebuls? gana is meyvseulad ar eufleba Cvens nebas da 

yovelwamierad ar migvaqcevs sidiadis, siwmindis Tu simaRlis 

mimarT?~ (fsevd-lingine 1975: 20, 23, 33, 53, 59, 89-90). 

amaRlebulis cnebasTan dakavSirebulia, rogorc vTqviT, 

gansacvifrebeli. sagulisxmoa, rom gaoceba, aristoteledan 

moyolebuli, xelovnebasTan miaxlebis saSualebaa. xelovnebis 

sagani gansacvifrebeli unda iyos. aristotele ar 

icnobda amaRlebulis cnebas, magram am cnebis funqcias didi 

filosofosis traqtatebSi met-naklebad asrulebda gansacvifreblis 

cneba, rogorc esTetikuri siamovnebis mimni- 

Webeli faqtori. aristoteles mixedviT, eposSic da tragediaSic 

saocari unda gamoisaxos, swored is aris saamo (Poet. 

24, 1460a15-17). meore mxriv, gakvirvebas iwvevs ucxo, xolo 

sakvirveli _ sasiamovnoa (Rhet. III, 2,1404b3). 

sagulisxmoa, rom gansacvifreblis esTetikuri gagebis 

garda, aristoteles Tavis `metafizikaSi~ warmodgenili 

aqvs am cnebis filosofiuri gagebac; ufro sworad, miCneulia, 

rom gancvifreba yovelTvis aris filosofosobis sawindari; 

miTic gansacvifreblis safuZvelze iqmneba, amitom 

miTebis moyvaruli raRac gagebiT filosofosia (Metaph. II, 

982b10-15). am TvalsazrisiT, aristotele uaxlovdeba amaR- 

22

lebulisa da gansacvifreblis Sinaarsobriv gagebas, romelic 

metafizikaSi umaRles WeSmaritebas gamoxatavs. 

aRsaniSnavia erTi garemoebac: miuxedavad imisa, rom fsevdo-longinosi 

aSkara platonistia (rasac misi mkvelvarni 

aRniSnaven), vfiqrobT, rom igi ar iziarebs SemoqmedebiTi aqtivobis 

platoniseuli musiuri, anu RvTaebrivi, warmoSobis 

ideas (Plat. Ion. 533d-535a; Apolog. Sokr. 22a-c; Phaedr. 245a; Leg. IV, 

719c) da zebunebrivi sawyisis nacvlad STagonebis wyarod 

aRiarebs Semoqmedis bunebriv niWs (Serwymuls, imdroindeli 

Teoriebis mixedviT, profesionalizmTan, anu teqneSi, ostatobaSi 

ganswavlulobasTan). amaRlebuli maRal azrTan da, 

amave dros, srulyofil stilTan mimarTebaSi ganixileba 

fsevdo-longinosis traqtatSi (T. 5, 40), magram transcendenturTan 

igi ar unda yofiliyo dakavSirebuli. sagulisxmoa, 

rom fsevdo-longinosi sityva `RvTaebrivs~ intuitiurad 

araerTxel axsenebs SemoqmedebiTi aqtivobis konteqstSi 

(T. 34; 35; 36). marTalia, kritikosi gvTavazobs zeadamianurisa 

da zebunebrivis gamomxatvel amaRlebul pasaJebs 

homerosis qmnlebebidan da bibliuri Sesaqmis wignidan, magram 

es ganxilulia Semoqmedis bunebrivi niWis wyalobiT 

amaRlebulis wvdomisa da gamoxatvis nimuSad (T. 9). amdenad, 

amaRlebuli, misi azriT, umetesad bunebriv niWad gvevlineba 

(ix. T. 2, 36). am TvalsazrisiT igi aristotelesa da 

sxvaTa mimdevaria (aristoteledan dawyebuli, warmodgenas 

Semoqmedebis saRvTo warmoSobis Taobaze Seenacvla Tvalsazrisi 

xelovanis bunebrivi niWis Sesaxeb (Arist. Poet. I, 

1447a18). es arc aris gasakviri. fsevdo-longinosis droisaTvis 

literaturis TeoriaSi ukve aristoteles Tvalsazrisi 

iyo gabatonebuli. 

amaRlebulisa da gansacvifreblis cneba 

literaturis qristianul TeoriebSi 

sagulisxmoa, Tu rogor iqna gaazrebuli amaRlebuli da 

gansacvifrebeli qristianul literaturaSi. cnobilia, rom 

mSvenierebis cnebam qristianul TeoriebSi esTetikuri sferodan 

ontologiur, gnoseologiur, eTikur sferoebSi gadainacvla 

(RvTiuri mSveniereba _ grigol noseli; zenaari 

mSveniereba _ dionise areopageli da sxv.), rasac win uZRvoda 

metafizikuri silamazis platonuri da neoplatonuri 

gaazreba (Plat. Sympos. 210E-211D. Plotin. Ennead. I,6,1-2) (tatarkeviCi 

1972: 165-180; biCkovi 1991: 9, 26, 29-30, 69, 221, 236-238; 

23

iCkovi 1981: 231, 232; bezaraSvili 2004: 530-546). sayovelTaod 

cnobilia, rom neoplatonizms udidesi mniSvneloba 

hqonda esTetikuri kategoriebis transcendenturTan miaxloebis 

saqmeSi. plotini xelovnebis qmnilebis mSvenierebas, 

mis formalur daxvewilobas, misi ideuri Sinaarsis siRrmes 

da simdidres xelovanis Sinagani maformebeli sawyisis _ 

èidosis~ garegnul TviTgamovlenad miiCnevda (Plot. Ennead. 

V, 8). magram, rogorc aRniSnaven, antikurma berZnulma kulturam 

SemoqmedebiTad veRar aiTvisa es umniSvnelovanesi 

monapovari; Tumca, rogorc vnaxavT, es azri Semdgom ganvi- 

Tarda ritorikis qristianul TeoriebSi. 

literaturis TvalsaCino bizantieli Teoretikosis, 

miqael fselosis traqtatSi `saRvTismetyvelo stilis Sesaxeb~ 

amaRlebuli tradiciulad maRalfardovan stils gamoxatavs 

(Psellos, Ad Pothum, Mayer ed., c. 13; c. 20; c. 15); amaRlebulis 

fsevdo-longineseuli esTetikuri gageba ki miqael 

fselosTan ar Cans, magram sayuradReboa, rom Sinaarsobrivad 

fselosis traqtati mraval siaxles Seicavs. mSvenierebis, 

sidiadis cnebebi aq transcendenturs ukavSirdeba da 

mas saRvTismetyvelo mSveniereba an zeciuri mSveniereba da 

sidiade ewodeba (Psellos, Ad Pothum, c. 12; c.12 da sxv.). aseTive 

gaazreba hqonda am cnebebs zogadad qristianul literaturaSi. 

`mSveniereba CvenTvis, anu qristianTaTvis, WvretaSia~; 

àw ganicaden mun myofni igi Suenierebani~, _ ambobda 

grigol RvTismetyveli; mSvenierebis qristianuli cneba 

iwodeba mistikur mSvenierebad, saRvTo mSvenierebad, zeciur 

mSvenierebad da sxv. (grigol RvTismetyveli, fotiosi). 

aseve axali SinaarsiT unda itvirTebodes miqael fselos- 

Tan gansacvifreblis cneba. igi fselosTan gvxvdeba im konteqstSi, 

sadac saubaria grigol RvTismetyvelis RvTaebriobaze, 

misi sityvis cxovelmyofelobaze (cocxali saRvTo 

sityvis mniSvnelobiT), misi Txzulebebis mSvenierebisa da 

sidiadis zeciur, saRvTo warmomavlobaze, romelic aRemateba 

stilistur mSvenierebas da Tavisi transcendenturobis 

gamo iwvevs gancvifrebas: `zeciuri mSveniereba da sidiade 

TavisTavad sakmarisia yoveli sulis SesaZvrelad da 

qebaTa gareSec gansacvifrebelia~ (Psellos, Ad Pothum, c. 6). Tavad 

grigol RvTismetyveli swored misi STagonebis zeciuri 

warmomavlobis gamo araerTgzis moixsenieba fselosis mier, 

rogorc `gansacvifrebeli da sakvirveli kaci~ (c. 2; c.7) da 

igi Tavisi SemoqmedebiT `bunebaze aRmatebuli~ Cans (c. 2) 

24

(maieri 1911: 27-10; bezaraSvili 1996: 108-156). 2 

gansacvifrebels uwodebs fselosi grigolis stilis Taviseburebas, 

radgan igi cxadia da bundovani erTsa da imave 

dros. gansacvifrebeli aq exeba saRvTo Sinaarsis mifarulebis 

gadmocemas stilisturi sisadaviT: `gansacvifrebeli 

is aris, rom sityvebSi igi naTelia, rogorc nebismieri sxva, 

Tumca TiTqmis yvelasaTvis gaugebaria amave dros~ (c. 21) 

(maieri 1911: 27-100; bezaraSvili 1996: 108-156). 

ase rom, Tu gansacvifreblis cneba longinosTan amaRlebul 

SinaarsTan, uCveulosa da moulodnelTan iyo dakavSirebuli, 

igive cneba fselosTan mTlianad saRvTo Sinaarss 

eqvemdebareba. am transformaciisaTvis mniSvnelovani unda 

yofiliyo swored longinosis traqtati amaRlebulis Sesaxeb, 

radgan Txzulebis amaRlebuli Sinaarsidan erTi nabiji- 

Ra rCeboda saRvTo azris didebulebisa da amaRlebulobis 

moazrebamde. gasaTvaliswinebelia gansacvifreblis cnebis 

filosofiasTan dakavSirebis zemoT warmodgenili aristoteleseuli 

debulebac. 

sayuradReboa, rom aseTive saRvTo gaazreba unda hqonoda 

am cnebas zogadad qristianul literaturaSi. mag., 

grigol RvTismetyveli advilad sacnobel sagnebze umaRlesad, 

misi RvTiuri bunebis gamo, miiCnevs imas, rac Znelad 

misawvdomia da adamianur cnobierebaze aRmatebuli, rac 

gansacvifrebelia da sakvirveli: àmisTÂs ucnaur arian Cuen 

mier siRrmeni gangebulebaTa misTani (=RmrTisani), raÁTa 

Zniad saxilvelobiTa maTiTa umetesad gankÂrvebul viyvneT 

da uaRres cnobisa didebisa misisaTÂs; rameTu advilad sacnobeli 

yoveli sawunelad Cans, xolo romeli uaRres cnoba- 

Ta CuenTa iyos, raodenca Zniad misawTomel ars, egodenca 

usakÂrveles ars~ (grigol RvTismetyveli, or.14, c.33). igulisxmeba, 

rom advilad misawvdomi Tavis sidiades kargavs. 

miqael fselosis traqtatis mixedviT, Semoqmedis sulieri 

simaRle ganapirobebs ara marto qmnilebis amaRlebul 

Sinaarss, aramed mis formalur srulyofilebasac, rogorc 

es fsevdo-longinoss esmoda (fsevdo-longine 1975: 90), im 

gansxvavebiT, rom fselosTan Semoqmedis sulieri simaRle 

RvTaebrivi warmoSobisaa. 3 

maRali azri mTlianad trancendenturi da, konkretulad, 

qristianuli SinaarsiT Seimosa miqael fselosTan. sagulisxmoa 

isic, rom gansacvifrebelisa da mSvenieris RvTa- 

25

ebriv wyaroebs grigol RvTismetyvelis TxzulebebSi fselosi 

longineseuli aRtacebiT ganixilavs. 

Cven dawvrilebiT veRar ganvixilavT, Tu rogori iyo am 

cnebebis gaazreba Semdgom epoqebSi. mokled aRvniSnavT, rom 

kantma ganacalkeva mSvenierebis cneba amaRlebulisagan. 

mSveniereba masTan sazRvruli da miwieria, xolo amaRlebuli 

_ transcendenturi da usazRvro (Kritik der Urteilskraft, 

1790). hegelis èsTetikaSic~ (1835) amaRlebuli trancendenturia 

da saRvTo. 4 saRvTo amaRlebulobis cneba gavrcelebuli 

iyo `vercxlis saukunis~ da `meore kulturis~ periodis 

rusul poeziaSic (kuve 2005: 81-100). 

26 

amaRlebuli da gansacvifrebeli galaktionTan 

samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom galaktionis 

saxeebi `bindi~, `burusi~, àCrdili~, `mTvrali~, `siSore~, 

`siRrme~, `dafaruli~, ùCinari~ idumalebis mistikas da 

esTetikas gamoxatavs, riTac poeti sakuTar poezias axasiaTebs. 

literaturaSi mistikis gardatexis TvalsazrisiT 

galaktionis erovnul winamorbedad rusTavelis ùcxo da 

sakvirvelia~ moxseniebuli, xolo ucxour da evropul interteqstad 

miCneulia gaurkvevelis, cxadisa da aracnobieris 

edgar poseuli kavSiri, aseve misi ucxo qveynis, eldorados 

saxe. interteqstualur paralelad motanilia agreTve 

pol verlenis mier poeziis arsis gansazRvrisas pirbadiT 

daburuli (anu daxuWuli) Tvalebis xseneba (kvaracxelia 

2003: 62-82). aRsaniSnavia, rom konceptualur sibrtyeze, dasaxelebuli 

saxeebis mixedviT, SeiZleba vimsjeloT amaRlebulisa 

da gansacvifreblis klasikuri da Suasaukuneobrivi 

gagebis Sesaxeb galaktionTan. igive cnebebi ukve ganvixileT 

rusTavelTan (bezaraSvili 2006: 74-90). qvemoT warmovadgenT 

galaktionis ramdenime leqsis analizs àrtistuli 

yvavilebidan~, rogorc am cnebaTa axal poeziaSi damkvidrebis 

nimuSebs. 

galaktionis adreul poeziaSi (1915 w.) Cveni yuradReba 

miiqcia, upirveles yovlisa, orma nawarmoebma _ `marmarilo~ 

da `SiSveli~, romlebic klasikuri xelovnebis ori gansakuTrebuli 

da tipuri ZegliTaa STagonebuli: praqsiteles 

(gvianklasikuri periodi) hermesiTa da Cvili dioniseTi 

da elinisturi periodis venera miloseliT. 

samstrofian leqsSi `marmarilo~ sagangebo mniSvnelobis 

mqone vizualuri xatebi danawilebulia sxvadasxva strofSi:

sfinqsi, romelic qvebs efereba (pirveli strofi), yrma 

dionise (meore strofi), praqsitelis Tvalebi (mesame strofi). 

pirvel strofSi qvebi (marmarilo) da sfinqsi (idumaleba) 

erT mTlian xats warmoqmnis. sagulisxmoa, rom zmna efereba 

SeiZleba orgvarad ganvmartoT _ rogorc enigmuri poeturi 

xati marmarilos moalerse sfinqsisa da, meore mxriv, rogorc 

sfinqsisa da marmarilos (xelovnebis) identuroba 

(efereba, Seefereba = Seesabameba), rac gasakviri araa galaktionTan, 

misi ltolviT polisemantikuri gamoTqmebisken. 

cxadia, orivenairi interpretacia _ meore maTgani ufro 

aSkarad _ migvaniSnebs xelovnebis idumalebaze, klasikuri 

periodis qmnilebebis Sinagani simSvidisa da faruli moZraobis 

Tanafardobis principebze, umaRlesi samyarouli wesrigisa 

da harmoniis gamovlenaze. 

meore strofSi gamokrTeba sxivze mdgari yrma dionises 

landi, romelTanac lirikul gmirs ukvdavi msgavseba akav- 

Sirebs, (erTnair sulebSi erTnairi mze brwyinavs). anu poeti 

antikuri Semoqmedis sulis Tanaganmcdelia. da, vinaidan mesame 

strofi iwyeba da mTavrdeba striqonebiT ca siyvarulis 

da sicocxlis Zvirfasi Tasi ... rom Sens gvirgvinze waSlilia 

Savi naprali, oh! ramdenia, ramdenia amgvarad mTvrali; 

amdenad, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom xelovneba, STagoneba 

da misiT mogvrili RvTaebrivi amaRlebuloba da eqstazi am 

SemTxvevaSi erTdroulad ukavSirdeba dionisur Trobas da 

apolonur sinaTles (romelsac tanjvis Crdili, anu tragediis 

Savi naRveli ar axlavs; mocemuli mxatvruli saxeebis 

mixedviT, paTosis, vnebis xTonuri Savi naprali zeciuri 

RmerTis olimpiur gvirgvinze waSlilia). es asec iyo mosalodneli, 

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom leqsSi xelovnebiT 

mogvril SemoqmedebiT sixarulzea saubari, xelovneba ki 

misi mfarveli apolonis gareSe warmoudgenelia. garda amisa, 

leqsSi mocemuli es orgvari atributika, vfiqrobT, cxadad 

warmoaCens galaktionis mier epoqaluri movlenebis, 

simbolistur-modernistuli esTetikis Rrma codnas (simbolistebis 

esTetikaSi apolonis nicSeseul warmosaxulobas 

upirispirdeba samyaros mSvenierebis WeSmaritad elinuri, 

bavSvuri, naTeli da gulubryvilo apolonur-homerosuli 

gaazreba; imave esTetikaSi dionise apolonis delfuri misteriebis 

ganuyofel xTonur nawilad aris miCneuli). aSkaraa, 

rom galaktionis am leqsis saxeebi apolonisa da dionises 

saxeebs aseve ganuyoflad warmosaxavs: yrma dionise, rogorc 

Zeobis gamovlena, apolonur sxivze mdgarad aris war- 

27

modgenili. 5 am TvalsazrisiT, sxivze mdgari yrma dionises 

xseneba galaktionis mier praqsiteles qandakebaze ufro metad 

(hermesi da Cvili dionise) apolon-dionises dasaxelebul 

kavSirze unda mianiSnebdes. 

mesame strofSi lirikul gmirs, romelic ocnebaSi mihyveba 

marmarilos kibeebs, yovel mxriT elandeba praqsitelis 

Tvalebi. praqsiteles qandakebaTa mSveniereba ganapiroba 

maTi Semoqmedis Tvalebma, “Sinaganma Wvretam” (Cicer. Orator, 

II, 8), anu praqsiteles ltolvam, vizualurad Seesxa xorci 

mSvenierebisa da amaRlebulis idealisTvis. aq praqsitelis 

Tvalebi, iseve, rogorc leqsis saxelwodeba `marmarilo~ 

metonimiurad aRniSnavs xelovnebas. 

leqsis ZiriTadi motivia zeaRsvla marmarilos (rogorc 

ukve viciT, am SemTxvevaSi _ xelovnebis) kibeebze _ zeaRsvla 

antikuri xelovnebisken, xelovnebis idealur samyarosTan 

miaxloeba. SemTxveviTi araa, rom poeti mimarTavs 

strofuli paralelizmis xerxs _ samive strofi iwyeba 

zmniT ahyve (I strofi: ahyve kibeebs, sadac sfinqsi qvebs efereba...; 

II strofi: ahyve vardisfer safexurebs da ahyve ise...; 

III strofi: ahyve ocnebiT marmarilos Tlil safexurebs...). 

amdenad, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT marmarilos konceptis mniSvnelobas 

am leqsSi, zeaRsvla marmarilos kibeebze unda gaviazroT, 

rogorc gacocxleba _ ocnebaSi, fantaziaSi _ antikuri 

samyarosi da antikuri xelovnebisa, sadac awmyo da 

antikuroba, subieqturi (ocnebis) dro da obieqturi dro 

erTmaneTs erwymis. amaRlebulis gancdiT droisa da sivrcis 

samani gadalaxulia, klasikuri maradiuloba, `mSvenieri 

wami~ SeCerebulia. Semoqmedis mier Semoqmedis Tanagancda 

ueWvels xdis poeziisa da zogadad xelovnebis saSualebiT 

ukvdavebasTan da WeSmaritebasTan ziarebis SesaZleblobas. 

aseTive strofuli paralelizmiT da Tanabrad aris warmodgenili 

leqsis samsave strofSi SemoqmedebiTi Tanagancdisa 

da Tanasworobis ideac (gavixsenoT am ideis interpretacia 

longinosTan). xelovnebiT mogvrili bednierebis gancda 

RvTaebriv Zrwolas iwvevs (da SiSSi grZnobde, rom axloa 

bedniereba ... sulSi geniiT atexili rekavs lerwami _ I 

strofi). es grZnoba ara mxolod antikuri qandakebis, aramed 

zogadad maRali xelovnebis gacnobierebiT mogvrili 

netarebaa (ahyve kibeebs, sadac sfinqsi qvebs efereba ... da van 

deikis landebiviT mwvandeba Rame _ I strofi). galaktioni 

ara mxolod winamorbed didebul xelovanTa geniis ubralod 

Tanaganmcdelia, aramed igi grZnobs maT Tanabar Semoq- 

28

medebiT Zalas da amaRlebulobas, maradiuli xelovnebiT 

STagonebas: grZnobde, rom isev ukvdavia Tqveni msgavseba: 

erTnair sulSi erTnairi mzis moTavseba, erTgvari saxe, er- 

Ti cecxli da siTamame (II strofi). Semoqmed sulTa msgavseba 

da siaxlove am netarebis maradiulobasa da sicxoveles 

gamoxatavs, rac warmodgenilia agreTve mravaljeradobisa 

da ganmeorebadobis niSniT:¨da yofna ase, molandeba asi 

aTasi (III strofi; SesaZlebelia, es fraza dionises cnobil 

mravalsaxeobriobasac mianiSnebdes). 

strofuli paralelizmis zegavleniT leqsis teqsti ufro 

mkveTradaa danawevrebuli, vidre am xerxis gamouyeneblobis 

SemTxvevaSi iqneboda _ ahyve... ahyve... ahyve... warmogvidgens 

leqsis struqturas, rogorc safexurebrivs. am StabeWdilebas 

kidev ufro aZlierebs strofebis bolo striqonTa 

paralelizmi (I—II strofebi: oh! ramdenia, ramdenia 

aseTi rame! III strofi: oh! ramdenia, ramdenia amgvarad 

mTvrali!). amitom TiToeuli strofi warmogvidgeba, rogorc 

TviTkmari, dasrulebuli mTlianoba, calke `safexuri~. 

sityvebi ramdeni, ramdeni... miemarTeba Tlili marmarilos 

safexurebis usasrulo raodenobas (anu anawevrebs 

dros usasrulo raodenobis momentebad da sami maTgani _ am 

saocnebo kibis sami safexuri _ obieqtivirebulia TviT 

`marmarilos~ struqturaSi), gzas xelovnebis idealisken — 

antikuri samyarosken, romelic, amgvarad, imdenad maRalia, 

rom masTan miaxloeba usasrulod grZeldeba. 

nawarmoebis mixedviT, antikuri xelovneba amaRlebulia 

_ Tanamedrove xelovnebasTan SedarebiT Tvisebrivad ufro 

maRalia (masTan miaxloebis mcdeloba lirikul gmirs warmoudgeba, 

rogorc ocnebaSi molandebul marmarilos kibeze 

zeaRsvla) da gansacvifrebeli (idumali, uCveulo). amitom 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gansacvifreblisa da amaRlebulis kategoriebi 

galaktionTan warmogvidgeba, rogorc TviT antikuri 

epoqis, antikuri xelovnebis idealuri (wamosaxviTi) 

xatis atributebi. 

galaktionis ltolva mSvenierebisaken, daxvewili formisken 

da Sinaarsis amaRlebulobisken, agreTve _ forma- 

Sinaarsis idealuri kavSirisken misi Semoqmedebis dasawyisidanve 

aSkaraa. sixaruliT da SuqiT Semoburvili poeziis sakralurobisa 

da pirvelqmnilobis ideac, dakavSirebuli Semoqmedis 

ganwmendil sulTan (anu SemoqmedebiTi sulis amaRlebulobasTan, 

eTikurisa da esTetikuris longinosTan 

warmodgenili kavSiriT) galaktionma aseve Tavisi Semoqme- 

29

debis dasawyis periodSi (1920 w.) gamoTqva: suli gvqondes 

uspetakes Tovlisa ... sikvdilamdis meqneba mxolod erTi sixarulis 

Segneba: poezia upirveles yovlisa. galaktioni avi- 

Tarebs poetis daniSnulebis _ amaRlebulTan wilnawyarobis 

ideas, romelic sazogadod axalma poeziam, xolo konkretulad 

axalma qarTulma poeziam SeimuSava (ilia, akaki, vaJa). 

rogorc aRniSnaven, bibliuri winaswarmetyvelis poetiT Canacvlebam 

gamoiwvia sakraluri teqstebis poeziiT an, zogadad, 

sekularizebuli kulturiT Canacvleba (lotmani 1996: 

88-89; kuve 2005: 88). amitom SeiZleba iTqvas, rom galaktioni 

exmianeba agreTve misi epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebel im axal 

kulturul kods, romelmac poetis daniSnulebisa da poeturobis 

gagebis sakiTxSic iCina Tavi da konkretulad simbolizmisaTvis 

gaxda damaxasiaTebeli: poeziisa da musikis 

uzenaesobis idea verlenis Semoqmedebidan momdinared iTvleba, 

romelsac galaktioni araerTgzis moixseniebs, rogorc 

Tavis winamorbeds. galaktionis mxolod erTi sixarulis 

SegrZneba da poezia upirveles yovlisa exmianeba swored 

im konceptualur cvlilebas, romelic axalma drom moitana 

da romlis mixedviT, xelovneba filosofias aRemateba, 

xolo esTetika _ eTikas (tabaCnikova 2005: 188-189). ramdenadac 

poezia upirveles yovlisa gulisxmobs esTetikurisa 

da eTikuris longineseul kavSirs, anu Semoqmedis sulis 

ganwmendas, srulyofilebisaken da mSvenierebisaken warmar- 

Tvas, riTac igi Tavis TavSi itevs mTels samyaros, amdenad 

igi unda niSnavdes saRvTo mSvenierebis, WeSmaritebisa da 

harmoniis Semecnebis sixaruls da amaRlebulobas. am TvalsazrisiTac 

poeziis uzenaesobis idea amaRlebulis antikur 

gagebasTan aris axlos. 

imave periodSi (1915 w.) Seqmnili leqsis _ `SiSveli~ _ 

saxelwodeba SeiZleba ganmartebul iqnas bolo strofidan 

gamomdinare: 

elada, elada! 

aq suli atarebs Tvis msubuq samosels,_ 

aseTi sinaTliT Subli uelavda 

venera milosels! 

anu elinuri suli gamWvirvalea (`msubuqi samoseli~ aqvs, 

zeciuri pirvelqmnili siSiSvliT, silamaziT da naTliT 

aris Semosili) da uSualod gamoixateba adamianis garegnobaSi 

(sxeulsac simsubuqes da silamazes aniWebs). swored am 

niSniT adarebs lirikuli gmiri satrfos mSvenierebas anti- 

30

kuri silamazis ideals _ imas, rac srulyofilia da, amdenad, 

uCveulo, gansacvifrebeli. 

meore mxriv, leqsis pirvelsave striqonebSi gansazRvrulia 

simaRlis cneba. esaa simaRle laJvardTa, varskvlavTa 

simaRle, simaRle zambaxis! 

aSkaraa, rom aq mocemulia simaRlis samgvari atribucia: 

mravlobiTi ricxvis forma simbolistTa mxatvruli enis- 

Tvis damaxasiaTebel polisemantikurobas aniWebs sityvas 

laJvardTa _ is warmogvidgeba ara rogorc feris saxeli, 

aramed _ rogorc zerealuri samyaros aRmniSvneli sityva 

(Sdr. bibl. `caTa~). misi zegavleniT simaRlec sagangebo semantikiT 

aRiWurveba da amaRlebulis mniSvnelobiT gvevlineba; 

varskvlavTa simaRle fizikuri simaRlis, varskvlavTa 

siSoris aRsaniSnavadaa moxmobili da, bolos, simaRle zambaxis, 

poeziaSi gavrcelebuli ubiwoebis, sevdis, miuwvdomlobis 

metaforiT, ra Tqma unda, mSvenierebas da amaRlebulobas 

aRniSnavs. amgvarad, msazRvrel-sazRvrulis Cveulebrivi 

wyoba simaRlis Cveul mniSvnelobas Seesabameba, inversiuli 

wyobisas ki es sityva gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba. 

varskvlavTa simaRle (II striqoni), xiazmis ritorikuli 

xerxiT gamoxatuli, xazs usvams simaRlis, rogorc amaRlebulis 

(pirveli da mesame striqonebi) semantikas. 

maSasadame, nawarmoebSi amaRlebuli da gansacvifrebeli 

moicavs qandakebas, laJvardT, agreTve _ zambaxis, qalis gedisebri 

maRali yelisa da dafniT Semosili Tmebis, sinaTliT 

moelvare Sublis mSvenierebas. es aris elinuri suli, 

daxvewilad gamoxatuli qvis natifi samosliT. mTlianad 

xorcieldeba `kalokagaTias~ antikuri principi _ lamazi 

sxeulisa da lamazi sulis harmonia. 

imave periodSi (1915 w.), roca Seiqmna antikuri xelovnebiT 

aRtacebis gamoxatveli zemoT ganxiluli ori leqsi, 

galaktioni qmnis kidev erT nawarmoebs (saRamov, vici, baRSi 

Sexval eklesiidan da gaocebis mwuxarebas masTan miitan), 

sadac gansacvifrebeli da amaRlebuli sruliad sxvagvaradaa 

warmodgenili. es arc aris gasakviri. galaktioni Ziebis 

procesSia. Semoqmedis winaSea kacobriobis sulieri gamocdilebis 

yvela safexuri. mas arCevanis saSualeba aqvs. Teoria, 

anu Wvreta, aq metafizikur sawyisebTan aris dakavSirebuli. 

gaocebis mwuxareba religiuri gancdaa da ara 

esTetikuri (saRamo, mwuxri baRSi Sedis eklesiidan da ara 

baRidan eklesiaSi). amitomac aris es gancda mwuxareba da ara 

sixaruli. magram es mwuxareba RvTaebrivi sixarulis dasa- 

31

wyisia, romelic ar aris leqsSi cxadad gamoTqmuli, magram 

igulisxmeba `surnelebiT avsebuli locvanis~, `mxevalTa galobis~, 

`RamiT nagrZnobi samebis~, `vardebis cvaris~ saxeebSi, 

Tundac maT safuZvels konkretuli literaturuli informacia 

warmoadgendes. 6 

galaktioniseuli gaocebis mwuxareba mxolod Teologiuri 

interpretaciiT Tu aixsneba, radgan antikur TeoriaSi 

gaocebas sixaruli moaqvs uSualod da ara mwuxarebis gziT. 7 

igi TeologiaSi ganimarteba, rogorc RvTaebrivi sibrZniT 

gaoceba. samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia azri, rom 

gaocebis mwuxareba tkivilia am sibrZnis wvdomisa, tkivilia 

sacnauri saxedvelis farTod gaxelisa, radgan TvalTa dawuxva 

(daxuWva) dafarulis xedvis sawindaria. amasTanave miiCneven, 

rom RvTaebrivi sibrZne poetisaTvis udris did 

xelovnebas (kvirikaSvili 1983: 128, 131). SeiZleba ganvsaz- 

RvroT, rom es aris amaRlebuli mwuxareba, RvTaebrivi sixarulis 

momtani mwuxareba, romelsac, patristikis mixedviT, 

naTlisRebis Zala aqvs. imave patristikaSi gansxvavebulia 

saRvTo mwuxareba da codvis mwuxareba. leqsSi gamoTqmuli 

lirikuli gmiris mwuxarebac araamqveyniuria, ufro sworad, 

warmaval amqveyniur mwuxarebaze maRlamdgomia, radgan 

RmerTis gulisaTvis danaRvlianeba warmoSobs monaniebas 

gadasarCenad, xolo amqveyniuri naRveli sikvdilis mSobelia, 

pavle mociqulis mixedviT (`rameTu RmrTisamieri igi 

mwuxarebaÁ sinanulsa cxorebisasa Seunanebelsa Seiqms; xolo 

soflisa amis mwuxarebaÁ sikudilsa Seiqms~ _ II kor. 7, 

10). amis magaliTad patristikidan damowmebulia iovane oqropiris 

homiliebi: `saRmrToÁ mwuxarebaÁ gansdevnis codvisa 

mwuxarebasa~; `sinanulisa cremlTa Zali naTlisRebisaÁ 

aqus~ (iovane oqropiri, SiSisaTÂs RmrTisa da sinanulisa). 

mwuxarebis Teologiuri gageba SeiZleba davaxasiaToT, 

rogorc codvis mwuxarebisagan gaTavisufleba ufro maRal 

safexurze asvlisas, rogorc WeSmaritebis, umaRlesi sibrZnis 

ZiebiT, miRmuris, maradiulis, dafarulis WvretiT 

gamowveuli Rrma Sinagani mwuxareba; sakuTari Tavisa da 

RvTis SeucnoblobiT miRebuli saRvTo mwuxareba, romelic 

sakuTari nebis RvTis nebisadmi damorCilebiT da gonebis 

mokrebiT miiRweva. maSasadame, brZeni, maRlad mxedveli amsofliuri 

mwuxarebisagan Tavisufldeba saRvTo mwuxarebisaTvis. 

es aris sulis mwuxareba, romelic srulyofilebisas 

ufro da ufro ivseba ukmarisobis grZnobiT, iseve rogorc 

metis codna-SemecnebiT kidev ufro aSkaravdeba Cveni uco- 

32

dinroba. 8 amisi magaliTi isev patristikidanaa moyvanili: 

òdes moikueTos kacman nebaÁ TÂsi da ara hxedvides kacTa 

codvasa, maSin Seikribnes gulissityuani TÂsni, da odes 

Sehkribne gulissityuani, Svan maT mwuxarebaÁ saRmrToÁ, da 

mwuxarebaman Svnes cremlni da glovaÁ~ (mamaTa swavlani 1955: 

5, 316). 

galaktionis `gaocebis mwuxarebas~, rogorc vTqviT, akav- 

Sireben xelovnebiT mogvril aristoteleseul gansacvifreblis 

cnebasTan. 9 vfiqrobT, rom SesaZlebelia eklesiidan 

baRSi Sesuli gaocebis mwuxarebis dakavSireba gansacvifreblis 

cnebis zemoT warmodgenil Teologiur gagebasTan 

(romelic saRvTismetyvelo Txzulebis zeciuri, trancendenturi 

warmoSobiT aris ganpirobebuli da miqael fselosis 

traqtatSi aris ganmartebuli). galaktionis leqsis 

SemTxvevaSi Wirgamovlili sulis Sinagani saxedvelis far- 

Tod gaxela da miRmurisa da uCveulos xilva aris gaocebis 

mwuxarebis mauwyebeli. 

dabolos, SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom galaktionma gansacvifreblis 

sakuTari wyaro da gza ipova. es ar aris arc xelovnebiT 

mogvrili bedniereba da arc, zogadad, religiuri 

mwuxareba, romelic RvTaebrivi sixarulis dasawyisia. amaRlebuli 

da gansacvifrebeli aq (leqsSi `Warxali~, 1916 w.) kolorituli 

bunebis peizaJis bavSviseul gancdaSia warmoCenili. 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am nawarmoebis Tema aris ena _ bav- 

Svobis, siymawvilis ena, romelic iseve specifikuria, rogorc 

samyaros Zalze konkretuli da danawevrebuli suraTi 

(vgulisxmobT imas, rom leqsSi asaxulia sinamdvilis TiTqos 

urTierTdaukavSirebeli fragmentebi, romelTac aerTianebs 

mxolod maTi `bavSvuri~ xedva, teqstobriv doneze ki 

_ dialeqtizmebi da evfoniuri kavSirebi). is zustad Seesabameba 

garesinamdvilis aRqmas bavSvis mier, romelsac ar 

ZaluZs grZnobadi STabeWdilebebis ganzogadeba (ca wamoiwyebs 

msxvil wvimis srolas da ablabudas krebs boborika ... 

uceb mohyveba Warxali xarxars da qali kivis im `doi-dois~). 

es ena dialeqtizmebiTaa gajerebuli, Sesabamisad, leqsis 

Sinaarsi `gabundovanebulia~. 10 

boborikas, anu obobas qseli SeiZleba miwieri codvis 

simbolod gaviazroT sasuliero teqstebis analogiiT (es 

mniSvneloba aqvs `dedazardals~ Zvel qarTulSi, galaktioni 

ki, rogorc aRvniSneT, kargad icnobda sasuliero mwerlobas). 

ymawvilis boborikas ablabudasagan daubindavi, e.i. 

ucodveli TvalebiT aRqmuli samyaro ki aramiwiers hgavs (es 

33

Tema _ yrmobis samyaros amaRlebuloba, xSirad gamoxatuli 

mistikuri bundovanebis amsaxveli saxeebiT, kidev ufro 

xazgasmulia imave periodSi Seqmnil momdevno leqsSi, iseve 

rogorc sxva leqsebSi: Semosilno gamWvirvale blondebiT, 

yrmobis qarno, neta, rad magondebiT?). amitom ymawvili didi 

simartividan, sisadavidan Wvrets amaRlebulobas da ucodvelobas. 

zemoTqmuli Sinaarsi gamokveTili unda iyos mxatvruli 

xerxebiTac _ anaforebiT (ezoSi yefda bambura mura, 

// ezoSi mwvane hyvaoda bao), riTac iwyeba miwieridan (ezos 

mwvane molidan) 11 zeciurisaken amaRleba. zeciuri amaRlebuloba 

ki Semdgom striqonebSi buruli cis bundovanebiT unda 

iyos gamoxatuli. buruli gurul-imerul dialeqtSi islis 

saxuravs an isliT daxurul nagebobas niSnavs da aSkarad 

arsebiTi saxelia (Rlonti 1974). sagulisxmoa, rom sintagma- 

Si buruli ca poeti am leqsemas zedsarTavis mniSvnelobiT 

iyenebs. amiT igi axal Sinaarss debs masSi da qmnis kidev erT 

enigmur poetur xats, romelic SinaarsiT uaxlovdeba leqsemas 

daburuli/burusi (iseve rogorc bgerwerulad nislis 

analogiuria isli, anu burulis Tavdapirveli mniSvneloba). 

es saxeebi araerTgzisaa gamoyenebuli galaktionis mier amave 

periodis sxva leqsebSi. 12 amave dros, es bgerweruli analogia 

unda exmaurebodes poetis ltolvas polisemantikuri 

gamoTqmebisken, rac zemoTac aRvniSneT. Seucnobel mistikur 

samyaroze gadasvla xdeba Suamavali striqonis saSualebiT, 

sadac vazebSi mocurave suris mxatvruli saxea warmodgenili. 

yovelive es gaZlierebulia aliteraciebiTac, 

riTac xazgasmulia mocurave surisa da buruli cis moZraobis 

paralelizmi: vazis bardebSi scuravda sura, // Sen 

bancalebdi burulo cao (bancali burulisa, rogorc islis 

saxuraviani saxlisa, aseve moaswavebs simyurdovisa da simyaris 

gamoxatulebis gadasvlas moulodneli movlenebisaken). 

aliteraciebiT warmarTulia Semdgomi striqonebic (wamoiwyebs 

msxvil wvimis srolas // ablabudas krebs boborika), 

rac strofebis dasawyisSi gadadis aliteraciebiT gamdidrebul 

kvazianaforebSi (ca ... II strofi // uceb ... III strofi 

// uceb ... IV strofi). 13 am ukanaskneli xerxiT dafiqsirebulia 

gawyvetili kavSiri yrmobisdroindel aRqmasa (ca) da 

zrdasrul samyaros Soris (uceb), gamoxatulia tradiciuli 

binaruli opoziciebi: harmonia da disharmonia, zeciuri da 

miwieri (aRsaniSnavia, rom saxels ca upirispirdeba zmnizediT 

uceb gamoxatuli epoqaluri movlenebis moulodneloba). 

34

mkiTxvels bunebrivad ebadeba kiTxva: ratom uwoda galaktionma 

Tavis am nawarmoebs `Warxali~? savaraudod, amis 

mizezi SeiZleba iyos is, rom striqonSi, sadac naxsenebia 

sityva Warxali, gvxvdeba erT-erTi (amasTan, erTaderTi _ 

leqsis mTel teqstSi) ganumartavi enigmuri saxe (uceb daiwyebs 

Warxali xarxars) im galaktioniseul saxeTagan, romelTa 

racionaluri axsna, simbolisturi poetikis Tanaxmad, 

SeuZlebelia. Tumca leqsis struqtura, SesaZloa, iZleodes 

ganmartebis gasaRebs: III da IV strofebis leqsema uceb erTmaneTTan 

azrobrivad akavSirebs Warxalis xarxars, qalis 

kivilsa da qaris kveTebiT 14 bavSvobasTan asocirebuli birkvilis, 

bardebis, islisa da Celtebis aSfoTebas, anu gamokveTs 

drois ukuRmarTobas, disharmonias da tragedias, SesaZloa, 

sisxlian epoqasac 15 (uceb mohyveba Warxali xarxars 

da qali hkivis ... // uceb aSfoTda isli, Celtebi), romelic 

Tavis mxriv, asamarebs da aboloebs siymawvilis amaRlebulobas 

(bavSvobis daiss cxadyofs samxarisa da saRamo drois 

xazgasma leqsis poetur enaSi). es gamoxatulia agreTve 

xiazmiTa da aliteraciebiT gamdidrebuli distanciuri simetriuli 

paralelizmiT (qarma moreka ... // ekveTa qari ...). am 

Sinaarss unda cxadyofdes agreTve imave periodis momdevno 

leqsSi warmodgenili saxeebi, romlebic aseve ukuRmarTi 

drois sisastikes da sulier problemebs gamoxatavs: tydeba 

guli, erTxel gaibzara ra, // sastikia suli uamindoTa da 

striqoni: arara beds CemTvis ar aqvs arara. 

amgvarad, leqsSi `Warxali~ erTmaneTs upirispirdeba orgvari 

`bundovaneba~, orgvari gansacvifrebeli _ is, romelic 

bavSvobisdroindeli STabeWdilebebis gadmosacemadaa 

moxmobili da is, romelic simbolizmis poetikis kanonebi- 

Taa nakarnaxevi. aseve, erTmaneTs upirispirdeba ori samyaro 

_ bavSvoba (warsuli) da zrdasruloba (awmyo). 

ibadeba kidev erTi kiTxva: ra unda iyos leqsSi antikuri 

esTetikis gamomxatveli? vfiqrobT, rom aseTia aRqmis ymawviluri 

sicxade da sicocxlis sixalisis elinurad gulubryvilo 

gancda (ivanovi 1923: 188). bavSvobis wlebis gancda 

moicavs yrmobis, sulieri siCvilis sixaruls (rogorc kacobriobis 

elinuri periodis bavSvobas, oden esTetikur 

xedvas platoniseuli ganmartebiT), 16 rac gardaiqneba mowifulobis 

periodis sevdaSi pirvelqmnili harmoniis 

dakargvis gamo (anu kacobriobis da kacTa sulieri 

sisrulis miRweva da saRvTo WeSmaritebis wvdoma sulieri 

gzaa, romelic miiRweva cxovrebiseul tanjvaTa gadalaxvis 

35

gziT; Sdr. ebr. 5, 12-14; I kor. 3, 1-2). am TvalsazrisiT, leqsSi 

`Warxali~ orive es gza _ sekularuli da sulieri Taviseburad 

gaerTianebulia. leqsis dasasruls cxovrebiseuli 

gamocdilebiT da tanjviT miRebuli codnis gacxadeba, rom 

siymawvile awi arasdros imgvarad aRar ametyveldeba, cxadyofs 

zemoTqmuls: yrmis siwrfeliT danaxul harmonias da 

mowifuli adamianis cxovrebiseul sevdas, romelsac ubiwo 

TvaliT aRar SeuZlia pirvelqmnili harmoniis da mSvenierebis 

danaxva. poetis bavSvobis wlebi kacobriobis sulieri 

cxovrebis bavSvobis gamoxatulebaa, elinuri aRtacebaa 

yovelive mSvenieris mimarT (ezoSi mwvane hyvaoda bao, vazis 

bardebSi curavda sura, Sen bancalebdi, burulo cao). poetis 

mowifuloba ki tanjvis gzaa (ekveTa qari bardebsa da 

rtos, uceb aSfoTda isli, Celtebi); da am gansacdeliT 

miRweuli da sulieri sisruliT gamowveuli gacnobierebaa 

codviT dacemuli bunebisa, romelic igulisxmeba sinanuliT 

naTqvamSi: o, siymawvile! awi arasdros imgvarad aRar 

ametyveldebi. 

maSasadame, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am bolo gansaxilvel 

leqsSi antikuri da qristianuli esTetikis erTgvari sinTezia 

warmodgenili. 

galaktionis kidev araerTi leqsi SeiZleba iqnes ganxiluli 

gansacvifreblisa da amaRlebulis TvalsazrisiT (mag., 

àmaRldi, sulo, TeTr akldamebze // mSvenierebis leqsiT 

mqebeli~ da misT.). zemoT warmodgenili leqsebi mSvenierebasTan 

wilnayari poeturi samyaros mxolod erTi nawilia da 

misi sxvadasxva kuTxiT warmoCenis saSualebaa. 

amgvarad, amaRlebulisa da gansacvifreblis cnebebi 

galaktionTan warmodgenilia longineseuli samive aspeqtiT 

da horizontaluri principiT: mxatvruli Semoqmedebis, 

Semoqmedis sulisa da bunebis peizaJis TvalsazrisiT; meore 

mxriv, es cnebebi masTan warmodgenilia vertikaluri principiTac: 

tradiciuli antikuri da qristianuli gagebiT da 

maTi sinTeziT. SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom es kategoriebi namdvilad 

udevs safuZvlad gansaxilvel teqstebs da warmoadgenen 

galaktionis esTetikis organul nawils, rogorc 

istoriulad gancdilni. 

sabolood SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi 

gvxvdeba ara marto antikuri xelovnebiT da qristianuli 

kulturiT STagonebuli saxeebi, antikuri poetikis kvali, 

17 aramed SeimCneva antikuri da qristianuli esTetikis 

erTgvari gamoZaxili. calke kvlevis sakiTxia, erTi mxriv, 

36

Seswavlili cnebebis antikuri da qristianuli gaazrebis 

gavlena simbolizmis msoflmxedvelobriv-esTetikur sistemaze, 

zogadad axal poetikasa da stilistikaze, xolo meore 

mxriv, galaktionis ganxilul leqsTa interteqstualuri 

kavSirebi (Tuki aseTi arsebobs) simbolist poetTa teqsteb- 

Tan. sagulisxmoa, rom simbolizmis Tematika, esTetikuri 

sistema da sivrce, frazeologia, tropuli metyveleba ganmartebulia 

rogorc sxvadasxva gardasuli msoflmxedvelobisa 

da mxatvruli saSualebis recefcia (A. Beljy, Simvolizm). 

amitom galaktionis aRniSnuli leqsebis analizi am amocanis 

Sesrulebis erT-erT mosamzadebel safexurad migvaCnia. 

SeniSvnebi: 

1. evropul poeziasTan galaktionis poeziis konceptualuri siaxlovis 

Sesaxeb ix. (T. doiaSvili 2003: 41-61). qristianuli azrovnebisa da 

saxeobriobis, simbolisturi da qristianuli kodebis, rogorc galaktionis 

Semoqmedebis bunebrivi konteqstis Sesaxeb (rac axsnilia erovnuli 

da modernistuli kulturuli tradiciebiT) ix. (wifuria 2004: 218). 

2. cnebis `bunebaze aRmatebuli~ RvTis gangebasTan dakavSirebis Sesaxeb 

qristianul literaturaSi da suliwmidis STamagonebeli Zalidan 

warmomavlobis Sesaxeb ix. (kavarnosi 1989: 28-29, 52). 

3. dawvrilebiT ix. (bezaraSvili 1996) 

4. sagulisxmoa, rom terminologiurad n. baraTaSvilic ganasxvavebs 

miwier da zeciur mSvenierebas, anu esTetikurs da religiurs erTmane- 

Tisagan, rasac gamoxatavs xiazmis ritorikuli xerxiT (xorcielis 

gamomxatveli termini silamaze ritmuli periodis Semadgenili kolonis 

dasawyisSia gamokveTili, xolo ukvdavebisa da sulierebis gamomxatveli 

termini mSvenieri momdevno ritmuli erTeulis dasasrulisken 

aris warmodgenili): silamazea niWi mxolod xorcielebis, // TviT 

ukvdaveba mSveniersa sulSi mdgomarebs. 

5. vgulisxmobT imas, romf. nicSes mier apolonursa da dionisurs 

Soris gamovlenili winaaRmdegobis sapirispirod mecnierebaSi es cnebebi 

ganxilulia, rogorc berZnul esTetikaSi arsebuli organuli 

urTierTkavSiri, antinomiuri harmonia, erTiani RvTaebrivi Zalis ori 

mxare da vnebaTa kaTarzisis mizezi delfuri da orfikuli misteriebis 

mixedviT, sadac sinaTlis da mzis kulti apolonurs ukavSirdeba, 

Troba _ dionisurs, xolo Zis hipostasobas dionises yrmoba gamoxatavs 

(ivanovi, 1923: 19, 40, 180, 188, 211; veresaevi 1924: 17, 27, 31, 36, 56-60, 

71). sakiTxisadmi amgvari damokidebuleba, romelic rusi simbolistis 

viaCeslav ivanovis damsaxurebaa, zogadad simbolistebis esTetikaSic 

aisaxa (kirilova 2005: 115-123). dionisurTan galaktionis sulieri na- 

Tesaobis Sesaxeb, dionises, rogorc galaktionis sakuTari `mes~ oreulis 

Sesaxeb ix. agreTve (gardafxaZe 2002: 179-185). galaktionTan Trobis 

mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb ix. agreTve (SaTiriSvili 2004: 179). 

6. gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom galaktionis leqsi exmaureba m. lermontovis 

poema `demonis~ da a. rubinSteinis opera `demonis~ motivebs: 

37

monasterSi mlocvel TamarTan mimavali demonis SeeWvebas Tavisi gadawyvetilebis 

sisworeSi, mxevalTa galoba-locvas RmerTisaTvis Tamaris 

mfarvelobisaTvis, Tamaris sikvdils Secodebis gamosasyidad da 

sxv. (burWulaZe 1980 : 94-100). 

7. biografebi galaktionis ganaTlebis maRal dones ukavSireben mis 

sasuliero warmomavlobas (rogorc mamis, ise dedis mxridan), sasuliero 

seminariaSi miRebul Rrma ganswavlulobas, saRvTo werilis, 

RvTismetyvelebis, filosofiis, logikis, fsiqologiis gulmodgine 

Studirebas da a.S. 

8. sagulisxmoa, rom axal qarTul poeziaSi arsebobda tradicia am 

orgvari mwuxarebis cnobisa da gamijvnisa. n. baraTaSvilisaTvis ucxo 

ar aris codna amgvari mdgomareobisa, roca igi ambobs: `magram, sulo, 

igi cremli ar stiroda am sofelsa, // saxe Seni mowyenili ar hgavda 

xorcielsa~. aqac amqveyniuri cremlis nacvlad araxorcielze, aramiwierzea 

miniSneba, magram es ufro esTetikuri gancdaa, vidre piradi 

sulieri religiuri gamocdileba; ufro sworad, sulieri gancda da 

sasuliero literaturidan miRebuli codna esTetizebulia. 

9. ix. (kvirikaSvili 1983: 131). aRsaniSnavia, rom mkvlevari Rrmad aanalizebs 

sakiTxs galaktioniseuli mwuxarebis semantikis patristikuli 

warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. man miakvlia mwuxarebis Teologiuri gagebis 

saintereso ganmartebebs paterikebSi, rasac galaktioniseuli gageba 

uaxlovdeba. mas Semdeg, rac Seswavlil iqna gansacvifreblis cnebis 

arsi qristianuli literaturis mixedviTac, cxadi gaxda, rom galaktioni 

sakmaod kargad icnobda agreTve Sua saukuneebis literaturis 

esTetikas da mis azrobriv da enobriv-mxatvrul aspeqtebs, Tumca oden 

leqsikur doneze gansacvifreblis cneba, iseve rogorc ritorikis da 

poetikis sxva cnebebi, klasikuri warmomavlobisaa. 

10.gamoTqmulia azri, rom am leqsis mowesrigebuli bgeriTi forma, 

dialeqtizmebSi gamoxatuli ganmeorebadi bgerebis evfonia mis Sinaarsobriv 

struqturas asaxavs. erTi mxriv, ucnobi dialeqtizmebis es 

bgerwera TiTqos abundovanebs Sinaarss, magram meore mxriv, es aris 

bavSvobis xmebis gaxseneba, vizualuri STabeWdilebis bgeriTi reproducireba. 

es aris cda bavSvobis ganumeorebeli samyaros xmieri gadmocemisa, 

bgerebSi àmetyvelebuli~ siymawvile (T. doiaSvili 1981: 113-115). 

11. bao mols niSnavs raWulad, xolo Cvils, ZuZuTa bavSvs qiziyurad. 

am sityvis dialeqturi polisemantikuroba kidev erTxel usvams xazs 

bavSvis mier aRqmul samyaros, rogorc leqsis Temas, da warmoaCens 

poetis Segnebul arCevans (yvaoda mwvane moli da yvaoda siymawvile 

erTdroulad). leqsemas bao exmianeba dialeqtizmebiT gamoxatuli sxva 

aliteraciuli sityvebi: bardebi, bobri, birkvili. vazis bardebis, bobris 

(qera ymawvilis) da birkvilis (saxlis rikulis, gurul-imerulad) 

bavSvur idilias da simyudroves upirispirdeba uecrad amovardnili 

qaris kveTeba da mis mier mogvrili (morekili) dabneuloba. 

12. burusis saxis metafizikur da igavur mniSvnelobaze galaktionis 

poeziaSi da mis kavSirze adreqristianul apofatikasTan, sufiur mistikasTan 

da pol verlenis rs poetique-Si dasmul problemebTan ix. 

(kiknaZe 2002: 79-85). dafarulisa da zeciuri safarvelis, mistikurisa 

da gamouTqmelis Wvretis Sesaxeb qristianul egzegetikaSi da aristoteles 

aleqsandriel komentatorebTan ix. (bezaraSvili 2004: 260-275). 

38

13. paronomasiisa da aliteraciis Sesaxeb am leqsSi ix. agreTve 

SaTiriSvili, 2004: 179. es xerxebi, klasikuri ritorikidan moyolebuli, 

cnobili saazrovno modelebis gamokveTas emsaxureba da SemTxveviT 

arasodes yofila moxmobili (ix. bezaraSvili 2004). sagulisxmoa, 

rom samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia galaktionis mier gamoyenebuli 

bgerweris xerxebis ara TavisTavadi mniSvneloba, aramed maTi 

saSualebiT Sinaarsis, azris adekvaturobis miRweva (ix. doiaSvili 

1981: 23-34; werediani 2002: 107-116). 

14. qaris saxe calke problemaa poeziaSi. igi xSirad nislTan, Camaval 

mzesTan da mwuxrTan erTad aris warmodgenili galaktionis leqsebSi. 

qarTan dakavSirebuli motivebis Sesaxeb àrtistul yvavilebSi~, romlebic 

sisxlisferi Wrilobis, sikvdilis, dakargvis, oblobis, Zveli 

samyaros ngrevisa da ganadgurebis gamoxatulebaa, ix. (SaTiriSvili 

2002: 151-161). 

15. madlobas vuxdiT rusudan canavas, miToritualuri modelebisa da 

simboloebis mkvlevars, romelmac migviTiTa Warxalis xarxaris analogiaze 

cxovelis daRebul xaxasTan. am analogiidan asociaciiT erTi 

safexuriRa rCeba apokalifsuri wiTeli mÃecis saxemde (gamocx. 17, 3), 

`romeli aRmovals ufskruliT~ (gamocx. 11, 7). egzegetikuri ganmartebis 

mixedviT, `mÃeci da mewamuli feri misi mZÂnvarebisa da kacismklvelobisa 

saxÀ ars~ (kesaria-kabadukieli 1961: 55). miuxedavad am varaudisa, 

Warxalis enigmuri saxe bolomde ganumartavi rCeba. 

16. Sdr. platonis mixedviT, oden esTetikuri xedva berZnuli sazogadoebis 

bavSvobas moaswavebs. Tavis `saxelmwifoSi~ platoni poezias, 

miTologias, xelovnebas balRur garTobad, TamaSobad miiCnevs, filosofias 

ki _ gonebrivad momwifebul kacTa saqmed, xolo filosofoss 

_ mSvenieris, WeSmaritebis Semmecneblad saxavs. 

17. mag., `qebaTa qeba nikorwmindas~ ganxilulia rogorc antikuri 

ekfrasisis poetikiT Seqmnili. ix. (doiaSvili 2004 : 48). 

damowmebani: 

aristotele 1960: Aritotle. The Poetics; Longinus, On the Sublime. With an 

English Translation and Introduction by W.H.Fyfe. London: 1960. 

bezaraSvili 1996: bezaraSvili q. miqael fselosis epistoletraqtati 

saRvTismetyvelo stilis Sesaxeb (gamokvleva, Targmani, 

komentarebi). bizantiuri mwerlobis qrestomaTia (X-XII ss.). III, Tb.: 1996. 

bezaraSvili 2004: bezaraSvili q. ritorikisa da Targmanis Teoria da 

praqtika grigol RvTismetyvelis TxzulebaTa qarTuli Targmanebis 

mixedviT. Tb.: 2004. 

bezaraSvili 2006: amaRlebulisa da gansacvifreblis cneba Zvel 

litraturul-Teoriul azrovnebaSi da rusTavelTan. 

rusTvelologia.IV. Tb.: 2006 

biCkovi 1981: Бычков В.В. Эстетика поздней Античности. М., 1981. 

biCkovi 1991: Бычков В.В. Малая история византийской эстетики. Киев. 1991. 

burWulaZe 1980: burWulaZe r. mxolod integralebi. Tb.: 1980. 

gardafxaZe 2002: gardafxaZe q. antikuroba da galaktioni. 

galaktionologia, I, 2002. 

39

doiaSvili 1981: doiaSvili T. leqsis evfonia. Tb.: 1981. 

doiaSvili 2003: doiaSvili T.àrtistuli yvavilebis~ prologi. 

`galaktionologia~, II, 2003. 2002 

doiaSvili 2004: doiaSvili T. frTebi da diadema. galaktionologia, 

III, 2004. 

veresaevi 1924: Аполлон и Дионис (О Ницше). М., 1924 . 

ivanovi 1923: Иванов Вяч. Дионис и Прадионисийство. Баку. 1923. 

kavarnosi 1989: Cavarnos C. The Hellenic Christian Philosophical Tradition. 

Belmont, Massachusetts, 1989. 

kesaria-kapadukieli 1961: kesaria-kapadokieli andria. Targmanebai 

iovanes gamocxadebisai, i. imnaiSvilis gamoc. Zv. qarTuli enis 

kaTedris Sromebi, 7, 1961. 

kvaracxelia 2003: kvaracxelia g. idumaleba, sicrue-TamaSi Tu ufro 

Rrma WeSmariteba. galaktionologia, II, Tb.: 2003. 

kvirikaSvili 1983: kvirikaSvili l. `mwuxarebis~ semantikisaTvis. 

macne, els, № 3, 1983. 

kiknaZe 2002: kiknaZe z. galaktionis ccxli da burusi. 

galaktionologia. I, Tb.: 2002. 

kirilova 2005: Кириллова О.Дмитрий Мережковский: Русский символист 

между религиозным и эстетическим. Eastern Christian Studies, 6, Leuven, Paris, 2005. 

kuve 2005: Couvée P. Aspects of Sublime and Istinnost’ in Contemporary Russian 

Poetry: The Mystic Sublime in the Poetry of Leonid Aronzon and Olga Sedakova. 

Eastern Christian Studies, 6, 2005. 

lotmani 1996: Лотман Ю.М. История русской культуры. IV (XVIII- начало 

XIX века).М., 1996 

maieri 1911: Mayer A. Psellos’ Rede über den Rhetorischen Character des 

Gregorios von Nazianz. Bizantinische Zeitschrift, 20, 1911. 

mamaTa swavlani 1955: mamaTa swavlani (X-XI ss. xelnawerebis mixedviT). 

gamosca i. abulaZem. Tb.: 1955. 

tabaCnikova 2005: Tabachnikova O. Treatment of Aesthetics in Lev Shestov’s 

Search for God. Eastern Christian Studies, 6, 2005. 

tatarkeviCi 1972: W. Tatarkiewicz. The Great Theory of Beauty and its Decline. 

Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. Winter, 1972. 

fsevdo-longine 1975: fsevdo-longine. amaRlebulisaTvis. Zv. 

berZnulidan Targmna, winasityvaoba da komentarebi daurTo b. 

bregvaZem. Tb.: 1975. 

Rlonti 1974: Rlonti a. qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sityvis kona. I, Tb.: 

1974. 

SaTiriSvili 2002: SaTiriSvili z. àrtistuli yvavilebis~ erTi 

invariantuli motivi. galaktionologia. I. Tb.: 2002. 

SaTiriSvili 2004: SaTiriSvili z. galaktionis poetika da ritorika. 

Tb.: 2004. 

werediani 2002: werediani d. `musika upirveles yovlisa~. 

galaktionologia. I. Tb.: 2002. 

wifuria 2004: wifuria b. galaktionis teqsti swor/mcdar 

konteqstSi. `galaktionologia~. II. Tb.: 2004. 

40

manana gelaSvili 

uordsuorTi da kolriji: 

SemoqmedebiTi krizisis problema 

`poezia mZafar grZnobaTa spontanuri gadmodinebaa. igi 

saTaves simSvideSi gaxsenebuli emociidan iRebs~ (`lirikuli 

baladebi~ 1802) poziis amgvar ganmartebas vxvdebiT 

krebulis ,,lirikuli baladebi” winasityvaobaSi. 

es krebuli, romliTac inglisuri romantizmis istoria 

iwyeba, pirvelad 1798 wels anonimurad gamoica da or 

megobarsa da maSin yvelasTvis ucnob axalgazrda poets 

uiliam uordsuorTsa da semuel teilor kolrijs 

ekuTvnoda. 

Tavisi mZafri lirizmiT, leqikisa da saleqso formis 

siaxliT, uCveulo poeturi xatovanebiT `lirikuli baladebi~ 

ara mxolod imisi cxadi dasturi iyo, rom inglisur 

literaturaSi racionalizmis orsaukunovani batonobis 

Semdeg sruliad gansxvavebuli xedvisa da xmis poetebi 

gamoCndnen, aramed imisac, rom arsebiTad icvleboda epoqis 

suli da esTetika.. 

kolrijisa da uordsuorTis mier pirvelad gaxmianebuli 

poeturi principebi, iseve, rogorc maTi poeturi qmnilebebi 

diametralurad gansxvavdeboda klasicizmisa da 

ganmanaTleblobis epoqis poetikisagan, romelTa xelSi 

aristoteles mimezisis Teoriam erTgvari `dekoratiul 

xelovnebis~ saxe miiRo: mag. klasicizmis mamamTavari 

aleqsandr poupi Tvlida, rom poetma unda mibaZos `mowesrigebul 

bunebas~, jon draideni werda, rom `poeti Sealamazebs 

bunebas, Tumca ar cvlis mas~, semuel jonsoni ki 

miiCnevda, rom `poetma unda gaarCios, Tu bunebis romeli 

nawilia, Sesaferi mibaZvisaTvis~. 

am mosazrebebs romantikosebma poeturi warmosaxvis 

usazRvro SesaZleblobebi daupirispires. romantikosebisaTvis 

poeti sarkesaviT ki ar aireklavs samyaros aramed 

misi Sinagani xedva axal sicocles aniWebs mas. poeti axal 

samyaros qmnis da amiT igi RmerTs utoldeba, radgan poetis 

masaviT sityviT iRwvis. SemoqmedebiTi procesis amgvari 

maRali Sefaseba, romlis agentad romantikosebi 

warmosxvas miiCneven, yvela romantikoss aerTianebs, miuxedavad 

maT Soris arsebuli gansxvavebebisa. 

41

daaxloebiT erTi saukunis Semdeg uiliam butler ieitsi 

erT-erT Tavis leqsSi moxdenilad gamoxatavs im procesis 

arss, romelic romantizmis eseTetikam daiwyo da romelic, 

ieitsis azriT, kidev ufro gaRrmavda maT Semdeg: 

42 

suli iqceva sakuTari Tavis gamcemad, 

Tvis meobis gamomxatvelad: 

radgan sarke qceula lamprad. 

ieitsis `lamprad qceuli sarke~ sxartad da tevadad 

gamoxatavs romantikosebis mier wamowyebuli reformis 

arss, romelSic samyaros pasiuri arekvlis adgili poetis 

xedvam da mis Sinagan samyaroSi Seqmnilma àxalma samyarom~ 

(kolrijis sityvebia) daikava. 

`warmosaxva adamianis sasrul gonebaSi RvTaebrivi Sesaqmis 

ganmeorebaa~ _ werda kolriji `Biographia Literaria- Si 

1818 wels. am wigns, romelic inglisuri romantizmis yvelaze 

mniSvnelovani Teoriuli naSromia, `lirikul baladebebidan~ 

ori aTwleuli aSorebs. kolriji `Biographia 

literaria~-s ukve ormoc wels gadacilebuli qmnis, anu im periodSi, 

rodesac igi poezias gamoeTxova da literaturis 

Teoriasa, filosofiasa da Teologias dauTmo darCenili 

sococxle. am naSromSi igi Teoriulad aformebs im mosazrebebs, 

romeliTac is da uordsuorTi iwyebdnen weras 

da romelic kolrijs Rirebulad miaCnia orive poetis 

SemoqmedebiTi krizisis Semdegac da krizisis miuxedavad. 

SemoqmedebiTma krizisma, romelic orive poets Seexo, 

kolrijs metad, uordsuorTs naklebad, 1802 wels iCina 

Tavi da ori Sedevraluri nawarmoebis Tema gaxda: kolrijis 

`sasowarkveTa~ da uordsuorTis ùkvdavebasTan miaxloeba~. 

orive nawarmoebi poeturi STagonebis dakargvasa 

da warmosaxvasTan da maSasadame poeziasTan gamoTxovebas 

Seexeba. 

yvelaferi ki ase daiwyo: 1802 wels kolriji uorduor- 

Tsa da mis das stumrobs inglisis CrdiloeTSi, romelsac 

tbebis regions uwodeben, Tavisi Tvalwarmtaci tbebis 

gamo. swored aq, erTmaneTTan saubriTa da bunebaSi erTad 

seirnobis STabeWdilebebiT Caisaxa orive nawarmoebi. 

uorduorTma megobars waukiTxa Tavisi oda, ufro sworad 

is 4 strofi, romelic sabolood misi odas ùkvdavebasTan 

miaxloeba~ daedo safuZvlad.

unebasTan ganmartoeba da refleqsia, Cveulebriv romantikosTa 

sayvareli Temaa da mas poetis sulisa da bunebis 

Serwyma unda mohyves, romlis drosac adamiani samyaros 

ganuyofel nawilad aRiqvams Tavs, xolo misi suli 

mTel samyaros itevs. amgvar SegrZnebas kolriji èrTian 

sicocxles~ uwodebs, romelic STagonebis wyaroa. uordsuorTis 

leqss asec hqvia; ùkvdavebasTan miaxloeba~, romlis 

wyaro bunebasTan ganmartoeba unda iyos, magram bunebis 

kari daxurula. cisartyela, nakaduli, mdelo, romelic 

bavSvobasa da siWabukeSi masSi mZafr grZnobebs aR- 

Zravda, mxolod TavisTvis arsebobs: `mxolod vxedav da 

veRar vgrZnob maT mSvenebas~ _ wuxs poeti. 

`sad gasxlta Cemi ocnebebi, xilvebi Zveli~, ai kiTxva, 

romelic gaisma am oTx strofSi da romelsac pasuxi uordsuorTma 

mxolod ramdenime wlis Semdeg gasca: anu 1802 

wels dawyebuli nawarmoebi mxolod 1807 wels gaibeWda da 

Tavdapirvel oTx strofs kidev kidev ori imdeni daemata. 

leqss uordsuorTma epigrafad Semdegi fraza warumZRvara: 

`bavSvi adamianis mamaa~, riTac xazi gausva mTeli nawarmoebis 

centralur mosazrebas, rom bavSvi, Tavisi gulubryvilobiTa 

da Seuryvneli bunebiT ufro axlos midis 

RvTaebrivTan da rom adamiani zrdasTan erTad iZarcveba 

samyaros intuitiuri aRqmisgan da kargavs bunebasTan da 

RvTaebrivTan kavSirs. 

magram sanam uordsuorTi odas daasuldebda koriji 

wers da aqveynebs Tavis odas, romelic misi pasuxia uorduorTis 

mier dasmul kiTxvaze; am or poets Soris dialogze 

migvaniSvebs cnobilis striqoni, romelic meordeba 

orive poetis nawanmoebSi: 

_ werda uordsuorTi 

iyo dro, rocanakaduli, mdelo, tyeebi 

meCveneboda Semosili ciur naTeliT 

iyo dro, roca Tumc biliki moCanda Zneli, 

es melodia JRerda CemSi. 

_ exmianeba megobars kolriji. 

diax, ìyo dro, roca~ STagoneba ufro advilad modioda. 

roca SemoqmedebiTi procesis dros poeti sakuTar 

Tavs samyaros ganuyrel nawilad aRiqvamda, igi bunebis ferebs, 

xmebsa da formebs emorCileboda. an saxvagvarad rom 

vTqvaT, orive poetis aRqmaSi, SemoqmedebiTi procesis 

43

dros poetis suli imdenad farTovdeba, rom TiTqos mTel 

samyaros moicavs. am dros Seqmnili nawarmoebi arsebuli 

samyaros axali wakiTxaa, romlis gareSe Cveni wamodgena 

realur samyaroze gacilebiT ufro Raribi iqneboda. 

kolrijs Rrmad swams, rom poeti demiurgiviT sityviT 

iRwvis samyaroSi da mis mier Seqmnili xati iseTivi aucileblobaa 

bunebisaTvis, rogorc bunebis arseboba am xatis 

Sesaqmnelad: 

44 

mxolod mas viRebT bunebisgan, 

rasac TviT vaZlevT, 

Cveni sicocxliT cocxlobs igi. 

(`sasowarkveTa~) 

am azrs kolrijis araerT leqsSi SevxvdebiT: `rac ufro 

daxvewilia Cveni SegrZneba mSvenierebisa, miT ufro mSvenieria 

sagani~ (èuli finikis xis yvaviloba~, 1805). Semoqmedebis 

dros sulieri Zala `sinaTlesaviT gadmoedineba poetisgan 

da mere es sinaTle bunebaSi areklili wyalobad 

ubrundeba ukan~ (ùiliam uordsuorTs~, 1807). kolrijis 

azriT adamianis goneba RvTis xatad aris Seqmnili amitom 

igi pasiuri Tvalyurismadevnebeli ver iqneba. adamians 

TviT rom ar hqondes sulSi RvTiuri naperwkali, verasdros 

dainaxavda da SeigrZnebda gare samyaroSi mSveniersa 

da RvTaebrivs: `verasdros ixilavda Tvali mzes, Tu TviT 

misi buneba ar iqneboda mziuri~ _ werda kolriji `literaturil 

biografiaSi~. 

`sasowarkveTaSi~ swored `xedvis unaris~ dakargvas mistiris 

kolriji. rac yvelaze mZafrad dadumebuli elosis 

qnaris mxatvrul saxeSi gamoisaxa. es instrumenti, romelic 

qaris meoxebiT gamoscems xmas kolrijis mTeli Semoqmedebis 

manZilze poetisa da qari ki _ STagonebis simbolod 

warmogvidgeba. am odaSi ki qari ar Cans, mxolod molodinia 

qariSxlis, romelic, raoden SemaZrwunebelic unda 

iyos mainc sasurvelia, radgan, iqneb am `SeSlilma qnarze 

gamkvrelma~, àm tragikul bgerebSi srulyofilma msaxiobma~, 

`siSlegemde misulma poetma~ (ase axasiaTebs igi 

qariSxals) SeZlos gamoafxizlos misi mTvlemare suli. 

radgan, rac ufro did qariSxals gadaitavs poetis suli, 

miT ufro diadi iqneba misi naRvawi. 

orive nawarmoebs ara marto dakargul poetur STagonebaze 

wuxili aerTianebs, aramed ltolva sulieri ganaxlebisaken, 

rac uordsuorTTan gazafxuliTa da cisartye-

liT, kolrijTan ki axali mTvaris gamoCeniT gamoixata. 

Tumc erTica da meorec mxolod cru imedeba aRZravs. 

eliotamde erTi saukuniT adre uordsuorTi ambobs, rom 

gazafxuls tkivili miaqvs, radgan bunebis ganaxleba iluzias 

qmnis, rom adamianis droc SeiZleba iyos cikluri, da 

rom iqneb SeiZlebodes ukan, bavSvobaSi dabruneba. (gavixsenoT 

eliotis cnobili striqoni _ ùmowyalo Tvea aprili~, 

_ romliTac ixsneba misi ùnayofo miwa~). kolrij- 

Tanac axali mTavris gamoCenas ganaxleba ar moaqvs, razec 

is faqtic miuTiTebas, rom nawarmoebSi axal mTvares kal- 

TaSi Zveli usvenia. 

ar SeiZleba ar SevniSnoT, rom miuxedavd Tematuri 

msgavsebisa, am or nawarmoebSi arsebiTi sxvaobac SeimCneva, 

rac upirveles yovlisa erTidaigive saxisadmi sxvadasxvagvar 

damokidebulebaSi iCens Tavs. mag. orive leqsSi vxvdebiT 

bavSvis poetur xats, romelic romanikosTa poeziis 

sayvreli xatia da romelsac uordsvorTi `brZens~, `brma- 

Ta Soris Tvalxilulsa~, da `winaswarmetyvels~ uwodebs. 

uordsuorTTan igi im daviwyebul samoTxes ukavSirdeba, 

romelic davkargeT da romelTanac bavSvi da bavSvoba 

yvelaze axlos iyo. kolrijTan ki aqcenti swored bavSvis 

dakargulobaze da im gzis moZebnis SeuZleblobaze keTdeba, 

romelic bavSvobaSi daabrunebda adamians. 

niSandoblivia, romordsuorTis leqsi dilas aRwers, 

kolrijisa ki _ Rames. uorduorTi SemoqmedebiTi krizisis 

amsaxvel nawarmoebs ùkvdavebasTan miaxloebas~ uwodebs 

da met yuradRebas imas uTmobs, rom odesRac maradisoba 

mis sulSi gamoZaxils poulobda da misi STagonebis 

wyaro iyo, kolriji ki Tavis leqss _ `sasowarkveTas~ uwodebs, 

radgan uordsorTisgan gansxvavebiT, STagonebis 

bednieri wamebis mogonebaze ki ar akeTebs aqcents, aramed 

im tkivilis asaxvas cdilobs, romelsac poeziasTan gamo- 

Txoveba aRZravs. 

ganxvavebulia, gamosavalic, romelsac isini pouloben: 

kolrijisaTvis samyaros mSveniereba da harmonia, romelic 

misTvis daxurula, sxvebisTvis arsebobs, maTTvis, visac 

naivuroba ar daukargavT. uordsuorTi, ki, romelic, 

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, leqss ramdenime wlis Semdeg daubrunda 

da ganavrco, gacilebiT ufro pozitiuri ganwyobiT 

agrZelebs nawarmoebs: am SualedSi TiTqos is aRmoaCina, 

rom miuxedavad STagonebis kvdomisa, sicocxle da Se- 

45

moqmedebac grZeldeba, radgan Tundac imiTi arsebobaa SesaZlebeli, 

rac odesRac ganucdia: 

46 

Tumc veraferi daabrunebs ukan droebas, 

roca yvavilSi didebuli Canda samyaro, 

nuRar viwuxebT, 

Zalas mogvcems mogonebebi... 

(ùkvdavebasTan miaxloeba~) 

orive nawarmoebis finalSi, iseve, rogorc maTi xatovanebaSi 

vlindeba is arsebiTi gansxvaveba, romelic am ori 

poetis temperamentsa da sulier wyobaSi arsebobda: uordsuorTi, 

romelsac ufro pozitiuri, racionaluri da 

gawonasworebuli buneba hqonda SemoqmedebiTi krizisis 

Semegac, meTodurad gaagrZelebs leqsebis weras (Tumca misi 

saxeli literaturaSi ZiriTadad mainc im nawarmoebebs 

efuZneba, romelic 25-35 wlis asakSia Seqmnili). kolriji 

ki _ mxolod drodadro ubrundeba poezias, mxolod im 

SemTxvevaSi, Tu amis gardauvalobas grZnobs da samagierod 

Tavis sxva sayvarel saqmianobas eweva produqtiulad: 

wers Teoriul Sromebs romantizmis esTetikaze, maT 

Soris `Biographia literaria~-s, kiTxulobs leqciebs Seqspirze 

(isev romantizmis esTetikidan gamomdinare da im mizniT, 

rom romantizmis poetikis winamorbedad Seqspiri dasaxos), 

gamoscems gazeTs, romelic germanuli idealisturi 

filosofiis popularizacias isaxavs miznad, qmnis Teologiur 

naSromebs. 

sulier sferoSi, romantikosebma pirvelma mosinjes 

adamianis Sinagani samyaros sruliad ucnobi sferoebi, 

romlis gamoxatvamac, bunebrivia garkveuli siZneleebis 

winaSe daayena isini. adamianis cnobierebis sazRvrebis gafarToeba, 

uxilavis xilvisken ltolva, racionalizmis batonobis 

Semdeg samyaros intuitiuri wvdomis aRorZineba, 

axal grZnobaTa da gancdaTa gadmocemis mcdeloba axal 

gamomsaxvelobiT formebs moiTxovs; am sirTuleebs Tvi- 

Tonac kargad acnobierebdnen: kolrijisadmi miZRvnil 

leqsSi uordsuorTi werda, aqamde ucnobi sityvebi da ferebi 

damWirdebao. kolriji ki Seqspirze wakiTxul leqciebSi 

adarebda ra erTmaneTs Zvel mwerlobasa da axal 

Taobas SeniSnavda, rom Zvel mwerlebs èleganturoba, 

proporciis dacva, Rirseba, didebuleba axasiaTebT. Tanamedroveebi 

ki _ usazRvrobas eZieben da amitom mis gamosaxatavad 

ganusazRvrels mimarTaven: bundovani imedi da

SiSi, vnebaTaRelva, usasrulobaSi xetiali - ai, ra axasiaTebs 

axal Taobas~. 

bunebrivia, rom gaukvalav gzaze gamarjveba da damarcxeba 

erTamaneTs enacvleba. amitom aris romantikosebisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli fragmentuloba, dausrulebel nawarmoebTa 

simravle. maT TiTqos ver moaxerxes bolomde 

ganexorcielebinaT Tavisi SesaZleblobebi tragikuli bedisa, 

naadrevi sikvdilis, piradi cxovrebis mouwyoblobis 

da kidev vin icis sxva ramdeni mizezis gamo. 

erTi saukunis Semdeg tomas elioti romantizmis mxatvruli 

meTodis kritikisas dawers, rom romantikosebs istorizmis 

SegrZneba akldaT, rac aucilebelia poetisTvis 

Tuki igi 30 wlis asakSi ar apirebs weris Sewyvetas. imasac 

ityvis, rom uSualo emocia xelovnebisTvis gamousdegaria 

da ìmpersonaluri~ emociis cnebas Semoitans. Tumc sadavoa, 

Tu ramdenad ìmpersonaluri~ SeiZleba iyos mxatvruli 

nawarmoebi, magram eliotis pozicia gasagebia: Tu poezia 

`simSvideSi gaxsenebuli emociaa~ da mxolod piradi 

gamocdilebiT sargeblobs, maSin emociaTa daClungebis 

Semdeg, rac bunebrivi da gardauvali procesia, poeturi 

krizisi gardauvalia. 

da mainc, `simSvideSi gaxsenebulma~ emociam Seqmna xanmokle, 

magram Sedevraluri periodi yvela romantikosis 

SemoqmedebaSi, xolo kolrijisa da uorduorTis poetis 

SemoqmedebiTi krizisis amsaxveli orive nawarmoebi Tavisi 

faqizi xatovanebiT, siRrmiT, pindaruli odis ostaturi 

gamoyenebiT, Tavad warmoadgens brwyinvale poetur qmnilebas. 

romantikosebis daumTavrebeli, fragmentuli nawarmoebebi 

ki epoqis mousvenar, axlis maZiebel, arastabilur, 

Camouyalibebel suls gamoxataven, romelSic Tanamedrove 

epoqis adamianma Tavis sulier ZiebaTa da SeWirvebaTa 

winamorbedi hpova. 

damowmebani: 

kolriji 1956: Coleridge S.T. Biographia Literaria. Ed with an introduction by 

George Watson. N.Y./L.., 1956 

kolriji 1996: Coleridge S.T. Selected Poetry. Ed. With an Introduction by 

Richard Holmes. Penguin Books, 1996. 

lirikuli baladebi: 1802: Preface to Lyrical Ballads. www.bartleby.com/ 

39/36.html 

uordsuorTi 1994: William Wordsworth. The Collected Poems. Wordsworth 

Editions Ltd; 1994. 

47

qeTevan enuqiZe 

48 

giorgi leoniZis leqsis metri 

(1918 — 1925 wlebi) 

giorgi leoniZis leqsis metri, romelsac ganvixilavT 1918- 

25 wlebSi Seqmnili ocdacameti leqsis magaliTze, ar aris iseTi 

mravalferovani, rogoric Semdgom periodSi. Tvrameti leqsi 

dawerilia sqemiT 5/5, rva leqsi _ 14-marcvlediT, 5/4/5, ori _ 

7-marcvlediT, 4/3, erTi _ 6-marcvlediT, 3/3 da oTxi leqsi 8marcvlediT; 

sami leqsi heterosilaburia (heterometruli). 

upiratesobas aniWebs 10-marcvleds, met-naklebad, 14-marcvleds 

(aqedan sami sonetia): `soneti rodenbaxs~, `soneti qar- 

Tvels husarebs~ da `soneti saqarTvelos~. 

`soneti rodenbaxs~ gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa metruli 

TvalsazrisiT, radgan meore katrenis meore taepi, `kuboSi eWdebs 

daitireben wvimis notebiT~, dawerilia metruli sqemiT, 

5/5/5. sxva arc erTi taepi ar amJRavnebs maxvilis gadaadgilebis 

tendencias. es taepi, Tavisi erTaderTobiT, erTgvari miniSnebaa 

poetis eqsperimentze, xolo is faqti, rom gamoyenebuli aqvs 

gamonaklisis saxiT, savaraudod, am eqsperimentze yuradRebis 

gamaxvilebis surviliT unda aixsnas. Tu ganvixilavT silabotonuri 

sistemis Sesabamisad, logaedebi mocemulia spondesa da 

daqtilis kombinaciiT, xolo 4-marcvledi _ meore peoniT. rogorc 

aRiniSna, gamonaklisi gvxvdeba meore katrenis meore 

taepSi _ sam xuTmarvledSi, romelTagan samive spondeTi da 

daqtiliTaa warmodgenili. aris kidev erTi gamonaklisi (daqtili+qore) 

meore tercetis pirvel taepSi, Tumca am tendenciaze 

mogvianebiT visaubrebT. 

1918 wels dawerili `soneti qarTvel husarebs~ giorgi 

leoniZis erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso leqsia, romelSic vlindeba 

`cisferyanwelTa~ ordenisaTvis metad mniSvnelovani 

maxasiaTebeli _ aRmosavluri da dasavluri elementebis (nawilobriv, 

ideologiis) Serwyma da, amasTan, giorgi leoniZis, 

rogorc sityvis didostatis, sruliad Camoyalibebuli saxe. 

sonetis forma, TavisTavad, evropulia da uaRresad popularulic 

am periodis qarTul literaturaSi, xolo leqsika _ aRmosavluri. 

sainteresoa, rom sariTmo sityvebi, taepebisa da terfebis 

daboloebebi swored aRmosavluri warmoSobis sityvebiT 

aris aris agebuli. sainteresoa saTauric _ `soneti (das.) qar- 

Tvel (aR.) husarebs (das.)~.

metruli TvalsazrisiT, pirveli taepi gansxvavdeba sxva 

taepebisagan: 

`Cxari. Cqafani.aqareba gulardaSari~. 

logaedis aseTi agebuleba (qore+daqtili)amZafrebs maxvilis 

funqcias.amas erTvis yru bgerebis (C x q f) rigic. wertili, 

romelic 2-marcvledsa da 3-marcvleds Soris Cndeba, aseve _ 

specifikuri intonaciis gamowvevas emsaxureba. logaedebi sakmaod 

mravalferovania: erTi 5-marcvledi (gulardaSari); 1-marcvledi 

+ 4-macvledi (viT yaCaRebi, da satevrebi); 2-marcvledi 

+ 3-marcvledi (JRali Tvalebi, maTi vaziri, roca Tvalebi); 3marcvledi 

+ 2-marcvledi (avJandis JReriT, mTvlemar xalifas); 

ar gvxvdeba 4-marcvledis da 1-marcledis kombinacia, samagierod, 

fSvinvieri bgerebiT aris agebuli logaedi 1-marcvledi 

+ 2-marcvledi + 2-marcvledi (Tqvens Tavebs TefSiT). 

`26 maisi~ dawerilia metruli sqemiT 5/4/5, Tumca poeti aqac 

met yuradRebas uTmobs strofikas (6+4+6+2+4). sainteresoa bolo 

taepi: 

/ / / / 

`qarTlosis landi brwyinvalebiT gameTareSa — / 

armazisaken! 

/ / 

nuRar wavalT lega zamTarSi~. 

`gameTareSa~ da `zamTarSi~ disonansur riTmas qmnis, xolo 

momdevno taepis pirveli logaedi, àrmazisaken~, poets mouTavsebia 

pirveli taepis bolos. amgvari grafikuli gamosaxulebiT 

poeti am sityvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis xazgasmas cdilobs, 

Tumca leqsis wakiTxvisas metruli sqema ar irRveva. 

sqema 5/5 gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria giorgi leoniZis poeziaSi. 

leqsSi `Tavadina~, imis miuxedavad, rom mocemulia logaedis 

TiTqmis yvela varianti (5-marcvledic da sami sityviT 

nawearmoebi terfic), sponde da daqtili ar icvleba. kargad 

Cans, rom poeti yuradRebas metwilad amaxvilebs riTmasa da 

aliteraciaze, xolo metri izometrul leqsebSi originalobas 

ar avlens. mag.: 

/ / 

àrRnis TovlebSi gzajvaredini~. 

(oforti) 

/ / 

`Seni sulia dauWedeli~. 

(atila) 

49

50 

/ / 

`brZolis wyurvili sxeuls daivlis~. 

(sulis areSi amayi qari) da a. S. 

gamonaklisi SeiZleba davinaxoT taepebSi, romlebic iwyeba 

SorisdebulebiT. magaliTad, usaTauri leqsSi `sisxlian 

quCebs mivande Tavi~: 

/ / / 

ò, Cemi quCac maSin ielvebs~, 

pirvel naxevartaepedSi 1-marcvledisa da ori 2-marcvledis 

kombinacia gvaZlevs dqtilsa da qores. SesaZloa, 

spondes qoreTi Canacvleba davinaxoT taepebSi, romlebSic 

avtori intonacias amZafrebs tires meSveobiT. leqsSi `mxare 

vazebSi gamoxveuli~ aseTi taepi eqvsia: 

/ / / 

ca — arwivebis klanWiT gartymuli 

/ / / 

Tafli — xeebze CamoRvenTili 

/ / / 

mxare — naTxari saZirkvelebis 

/ / / 

mxare _ sarkine falavnebisa 

/ / / 

mxare — vazebSi gamoxveuli 

/ / / 

mTebi — feradi droSebiviTa 

qoresa da daqtilis kombinacia ori logaediT Sedgenil 

10-marcvledSi sam maxvils ganaTavsebs. igive suraTia leqsSi 

`tfilisis sasaflao~: 

/ / / / 

Sen — dageSili dedali orbi. 

sayuradReboa, rom giorgi leoniZis leqsebSi arcTu xSiria 

logaedebi, agebuli 3-marcvliani da 2-marcvliani terfebiT. 

es, SesaZloa, ganpirobebuli iyos imiT, rom poeti, 

keTilxmovnebis mizniT, upiratesobas aniWebda daqtilur 

riTmas da, garkveulwilad, Segnebulad icavda spondesa da 

daqtilis kombinacias, xolo maTi monotonuri monacvleobiT 

gamokveTda evfonias; aseve, imiTac, rom poetis aSkara 

gataceba riTmis mravalferovnebiT moiTxovda met-naklebad 

myar metrul sqemas. Tumca aseTi taepebi mainc gvxvdeba

mis leqsebSi da, unda aRiniSnos, rom am calkeul SemTxvevebs 

SesaniSnavad iyenebs isev da isev riTmuli mravalferovnebisaTvis. 

mag.: 

`mkvdari verharnis muceli mSrali 

barbarosuli sisxlis Sriali”. 

(tfilisis sasaflao) 

taepebSi, romlebSic gamoyenebuli aqvs es kombinacia, kidev 

erTi damatebiTi maxvili Cndeba. movixmoT igive taepi: 

/ / / / 

Sen — dageSili dedali orbi, 

/ / / 

Sen — dagragnili leviaTani. 

aSkaraa, rom am ori taepidan pirveli gansakuTrebiT efeqturia 

Tavisi JReradobiT, rac, albaT, poetis surviliT 

aris ganpirobebuli. 

sasveni niSnebi, metaplazmebi, didwilad ganapirobebis 

metruli sqemis Secvlas. amasTan, Tu daerTvis erT _ an ormarcvlian 

sityvas, aucileblad iwvevs maxvilTa gadaadgilebas. 

Tu erTmarcvledi rigiTi sityvaa da ar imijneba winadadebis 

sxva wevrebisagan, mas ar Seswevs mniSvnelovani 

cvlilebis, terfis Secvlis, gamowveva. mag.: 

/ / 

da gatacebiT gulis nadebi. 

(suli ki elis metamorfozebs) 

/ / 

varT Sen rZeebSi darweulebi. 

(ekloga) 

/ / 

da ZvelisZveli TiTqos laura. 

/ / 

me mawvalebda Seni xabarda. 

(Tavadina) 

giorgi leoniZis poeziaSi metruli mravalferovneba gansakuTrebiT 

1925 wels vlindeba. poeti wers ramdenime leqss, 

sqemiT 5/5 (`Rame iveriisa~, `Zveli saqarTvelo~, `loWinis 

mwuxrSi~), aseve, 5/3 (`Zveli qarTuli warwerebi~, ìveriis 

Rame~, `cicari~), 4/3 (ìoseb daviTaSvilis suraTze~, ùjarmis 

nangrevebi~), 4/4 (`Savi zRvis piras Savi muxa~). eqvsive 

leqsi dawerilia intervaliani riTmiT. 8-marcvledebi (5/3) 

agebulia logaediT (sponde+daqtili) da daqtiliT. 10- 

51

marcvledTan SedarebiT, suraTi icvleba. Tuki logadebi 

erTmaneTs awonasworebdnen da ori an sami sityviT gadmocemul 

naxevartaepedSi ori an sami maxvilis gaCena ganpirobebuli 

iyo ara imdenad metruli, ramdenadac intonaciuri 

aucileblobiT, 8-marcvledSi, romlis Semadgeneli terfebi 

asimetriulia, gawonasworebisken swrafva TavisTavad iCens 

Tavs. davakvirdeT ìvris Ramis~ taepebs: 

52 

/ / 

mTvare Srialebs fiWviviT 

5 3 

/ / 

dausrulebel oxvraSi 

5 3 

/ / 

amodis koxta biWiviT 

3 5 

/ / 

ciskari axal CoxaSi 

3 5 

/ / 

es mTvare viRam Sekera 

3 5 

/ / 

vin aris misi mkeravi 

3 5 

/ / 

es guli viRam dasxlita 

3 5 

/ / 

burTiviT gauTqeravi 

3 5 

/ / 

Sen damirwie ioro 

5 3 

/ / 

maCqefe Tavze mironi 

3 5 

/ / 

dalagdnen leqsis jiqnebad 

3 5 

/ / 

eg Seni sanapironi 

3 5 

davakvirdeT taepebs. 

3-marcvledebi mocemulia erTi 3-marcvliani sityviT, an 

1-marcvliani da 2-marcvliani sityvebis kombinaciiT; logaedebi 

mocemulia erTi 5-marcvlediT, an 2-marcvliani da 3marcvliani 

sityvebis kombinaciiT (gamonaklisia “da uwmindesi 

taZari”). vela logaedi daboloebulia 3-marcvliani 

sityviT, xolo daqtili meryeobs. amasTan, sayuradReboa, 

rom TiTo taepze modis mxolod ori maxvili, gamonaklisis 

gareSe, Tumca, rogorc aRiniSna, maxvili taepebSi moZraobs 

imis mixedviT, Tu romel adgils ikavebs daqtili da logaedi. 

8-marcvledi (4/4) `Savi zRvis pirs Savi muxa~ gamarTulia 

mxolod meore peonebiT da absoluturad erTgvarovani 

ritmiTa da metriT xasiaTdeba. sqemaSi 4/3 (ùjarmis nangrevebi~) 

meore peonisa da daqtilis monacvleoba irRveva mxolod 

erTxel, taepSi 

/ / / 

sisxls — saZirkvlis weboda

es cvlileba ganapiroba, aseve, metaplazmam _ tirem. 1marcvledi 

TavisTavad moswyda taeps maxviliT. Tanac, Tu 

davakvirdebiT taeps, aliteraciis mizani _ winanunismieri 

bgerebis (s, Z, w) Tavmoyra am sityvebis gamosayofad _ miRweulia 

maxvilis meSveobiT. 

taepis sqemaa: piriqi + sponde + daqtili. 

1922 wels daweril leqsTa Soris sainteresoa `litania~, 

sariTmo sqemiT (abab) da àxali mTvare kaxeTSi~. 

`litania~ 14-marcvledia. mkafiod Cans giorgi leoniZis 

gataceba riTmiT (metwilad gvxvdeba asonansuri riTma). 

leqsis pirveli taepi sruliad gansxvavdeba sxva taepebisagan. 

Sedgeba erTi 2-marcvliani, ori 3-marcvliani da erTi 4marcvliani 

sityvebiT. etruli sqemaa 5/3/4, xolo maxvilTa 

ganlageba mocemulia Semdegi saxiT: 

/ / / 

Seni muceli geniiT gatenili 

logaedi(sponde+daqtili) + daqtili + meore peoni 

sxva taepebSi Warbobs logaedi spondesa da daqtilis 

kombinirebiT da meore peoni. 

“axali mTvare kaxeTSi” 7-marcvledia, sqemiT 4/3.leqsi 

gamoirCeva imiTac, rom erTmaneTs enacvleba 14-marcvledi 

(gaormagebuli 4/3) da 7-marcvledi, Tumca gansxvavdeba sxva 

7-marcvledebisagan. davakvirdeT metrul sqemas pirveli 

strofis magaliTze: 

/ / / 

mTvare xorciT gaivso 

(qore + qore daqtili) 

/ / 

moswyda unazes mucels 

(qore sponde+daqtili) 

/ / 

abreSumis sabudars 

(meore peoni daqtili) 

/ / / 

xsnian rumbebs marnebSi 

(qore + daqtili daqtili) 

/ / 

yoCi dakles myvirali 

(meore peoni daqtili) 

/ / 

mozveri sagaiso 

(daqtili meore peoni) 

53

ormarcvlian sityvebSi gaCnda qoreebi, xolo bolo taep- 

Si, 3- da 4-marcvlian sityvebSi ganTavsda daqtili da meore 

peoni. heterometrizmis principi aisaxa ara mxolod marcvalTa 

raodenobaze, aramed metrul sqemazec. 

amave wels aris dawerili leqsi `mTebSi~ da kidev erTxel 

vrwmundebiT, rom poeti ara mxolod gatacebuli iyo 7-marcvlediT 

(4/3), aramed heterometruli leqsisaTvis yvelaze 

Sesaferis sazomad miiCnevda. terfebis araproporciuli 

ganlageba, mokle taepebi, ritmis Tavisufali sqema leqss 

dinamizms matebs. pirveli taepi 4-marcvliania da or qores 

Seicavs. metaplazmebiT agebuli taepi mogonebis Tu fiqrSi 

CaZirvis aluzias qmnis. momdevno taepi 11-marcvliania, ori 

meore peonisa da daqtilis kombinaciiT: 

54 

/ / / 

bumberazTa saSineli mxedroba 

mesame taepSi mocemulia mesame peoni: 

/ 

Tu xar mona 

taepi iwyeba ori 1-marcvliani sityviT, ramac maxvilis mesame 

xmovanze gadaadgileba ganapiroba. 

metris TvalsazrisiT, am periodSi daweril leqsebs Soris 

gamoirCeva `barbarosuli elegia~ (1923). leqsi Tvrameti 

taepisagan Sedgeba. irveli ori taepi 10-marcvliania (5/5): 

/ / 

Zveli mzeebis darCa valebi 

/ / / 

vigoneb imaT Srials farCians 

pirvel taepSi spondesa da daqtilis tradiciuli kombinaciiT 

Sedgenili ori logaedi gvxvdeba, xolo meore taepSi 

daqtilis, mesame peonisa da daqtilis (3/4/3). mesame da meoTxe 

taepebSi mocemulia eqvsi daqtili (oTxi mesame taepSi, 

ori _ meoTxeSi). eore strofi iwyeba 14-marcvlediT (5/4/5), 

romelsac mohyveba 8-marcvliani taepi (5/3); mesame taepis 

sqemaa 5/3/3: 

/ / / 

mtkvarze vinc mReris romis elegias 

meoTxe taepis — 3/3/5:

sisxli SevaxeTqe barbarosuli 

da a. S. 

riTma jvaredinia. aliteracia sakmaod mwiria, giorgi 

leoniZis sxva leqsebTan SedarebiT. aSkaraa, rom poetisaTvis 

uCveulo metruli aramdgradoba eqsperimentis saxes 

atarebs. 

`qarTli~ giorgi leoniZem dawera 1919 wels. ritmuli 

prozis es nimuSi absoluturad amJRavnebs, zogadad, ritmuli 

prozisaTvis damaxasiaTebel niSnebs: 

/ / / / / 

Senze var jvarcmuli da Sendami Seyvarebuli gombeSo var. CemSi 

/ / / / / 

avxorcobs Seni braziani mzis TqaraTquri da Sens alorTqil 

/ / / 

sxeulSi yviTlad CaRvrili malaria... 

metri daqtiluria, Tumca poeti metwilad yuradRebas 

amaxvilebs mravalferovan, umdidres leqsikaze; asociaciebisa 

da emociebis TamaSze. 

1918-1925 wlebSi Seqmnil leqsebSi Tu gadavxedavT, 

`qarTli” marTlac gamoirCeva originalobiT, xolo giorgi 

leoniZe, axalgazrda poeti, am epoqaSi moRvawe qarTvel 

poetTa Soris udavod gamoirCeva TviTmyofadobiTa da arnaxuli 

potencialiT. 

zogadad, unda aRiniSnos, rom im wlebSi, rodesac giorgi 

leoniZe `cisferyanwelTa~ ordenis wevri xdeba da iziarebs 

maT Sexedulebebs, maT inovaciebs, mainc axerxebs, SeinarCunos 

sakuTari xelwera, Tematika. metruli eqsperimentebi, 

romelTa kvalsac Cven vxedavT paolo iaSvilisa da tician 

tabiZis SemoqmedebaSi, mxolod nawilobriv aisaxeba mis lirikaSi. 

poetis leqsebSi SenarCunebulia silabizmis sayrdeni 

da ar ixreba silabotonurobisaken. giorgi leoniZisaTvis 

am etapze ufro mniSvnelovania muSaoba aliteraciasa da 

riTmaze, rac mis Semoqmedebas Tavidanve gamoarCevs sxva 

qarTveli poetebis Semoqmedebisagan. 

55

manana kakabaZe 

56 

giorgi leoniZe nikoloz baraTaSvilis 

mkvlevari 

rogorc cnobilia, giorgi leoniZe, ara mxolod Cinebuli 

poeti, aramed metad mniSvnelovani literaturis mkvlevaric 

gaxldaT. gansakuTrebulia misi wvlili baraTaSvilis kvlevis 

saqmeSi. 30-iani wlebis dasawyisidan sistematurad ibeWdeboda 

leoniZis gamokvlevebi nikoloz baraTaSvilze. misi 

pirveli werili poetze 1933 wels daibeWda `saliteraturo 

gazeTSi~, es iyo cnobili gamokvleva _ `nikoloz baraTaSvilis 

portretisaTvis~ (leoniZe 1933a), romelic SemdgomSiac 

araerTxel gamoqveynda. 

1933 weli gansakuTebiT nayofieri aRmoCnda leoniZisaTvis, 

rogorc mkvlevarisaTvis. am wels kidev ori werili 

ibeWdeba leoniZisa baraTaSvilze `saliteraturo gazeTSi~. 

esenia: `baraTaSvili, mocarti da tolstoi~ (leoniZe 1933b) 

da `nikoloz baraTaSvili moxele~ (leoniZe 1933b). 

1935 wels gamodis rusTavelis saxelobis literaturis 

samecniero sakvlevi institutis mier Sedgenili sqeltaniani 

krebuli _ `literaturuli memkvidreoba~, sadac ibeWdeba 

leoniZis ori gamokvleva poetze, esenia: 1. òri SeniSvna 

baraTaSvilze~ (leoniZe 1935a: 625-629) da 2. `n. bara- 

TaSvilis erTi leqsis avtografi~ (leoniZe 1935b: 639-640). 

1938 wlis 15 oqtombers nikoloz baraTaSvili didubis 

panTeonidan mTawmindaze gadaasvenes. am periodSi presaSi 

gamoqveynda araerTi werili da gamokvleva poetze, maT Soris 

leoniZis zemoxsenebuli publikacia baraTaSvilis portretze, 

axla ukve ibeWdeba gazeT `komunistsa~ ( 245) da `sab- 

WoTa aWaraSi~ ( 247). 

1940 wels kvlav gazeT `komunistSi~ qveyndeba leoniZis 

ori axali gamokvleva: 1. `sad cxovrobda TbilisSi baraTaSvili~ 

(leoniZe 1940a) da 2. àxlad aRmoCenili mogonebani 

dimitri yifianisa nikoloz baraTaSvilze~ (leoniZe 1940b). 

amave wels gamodis literaturuli muzeumis mier Sedgenili 

`literaturis matiane~, romlis pasuxismgebeli redaqtoria 

giorgi leoniZe. im xanad g. leoniZe literaturis muzeumis 

direqtori iyo da misi xelmZRvanelobiT iq baraTaSvilis 

intensiuri kvleva mimdinareobda. am gamokvlevaTa didi 

nawili zemoxsenebul `literaturis matianeSi~ gamoqvey-

nda. maT Soris umniSvnelovanesia giorgi leoniZis fundamenturi 

naSromi _ `nikoloz baraTaSvilis garSemo~ (leoni- 

Ze 1940g: 397-465). aq Tavmoyrilia g. leoniZis rogorc manamde 

gamoqveynebuli werilebi poetze, aseve sruliad axali 

gamokvlevebi. amave dros, moxmobilia nawyvetebi k. mamacaSvilis, 

z. WiWinaZis, i. meunargiasa da sxvaTa gamokvlevebidan. 

leoniZis am naSroms uaRresad mniSvnelovani adgili 

uWiravs baraTaSvilis kvlevis saqmeSi da bevri iq dasmuli 

sakiTxi dResac aqtualuria. 

leoniZis am gamokvlevaTagan gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva 

werili: `baraTaSvilis portretisaTvis~ (rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, 

igi pirvelad 1933 wels daibeWda). es gamokvleva 

dResac didi interesiT sargeblobs, vinaidan baraTaSvilis 

portretis irgvliv kvlav mimdinareobs kvleva-Zieba da arsebobs 

azrTa sxvadasxvaoba. 

leoniZe Tavis gamokvlevaSi naTels hfens baraTaSvilis 

im yalbi portretis sakiTxs, romelic 1904 wlidan dawyebuli, 

gasuli saukunis 30-ian wlebamde sakmao popularobiT 

sargeblobda da araerTxel gamoqveynda kidec. leoniZis 

gamokvlevis Semdeg sabolood aRikveTa am yalbi portretis 

gavrceleba. 

baraTaSvilis am yalbi portretis istoria aseTia: 1904 

wels Jurnalma `mogzaurma~ gamosca vinme tariel momceli- 

Zis mier Seqmnili baraTaSvilis portreti, sadac poeti qar- 

Tul erovnul tansacmelSi, qulajaSia warmodgenili da aRniSnulia, 

rom igi poetis dis portretisa da baraTaSvilis 

TanamedroveTa gadmocemebis mixedviTaa Seqmnili. portreti 

daibeWda rusul enovan krebulSi `Баратовский томик~ 

(baratovski... 1905: 72). 

leoniZe aRniSnavs, rom momceliZis am suraTs araferi 

aqvs saerTo arc poetis dis saxesTan da arc poetis TanamedroveTa 

gadmocemebTan, da saerTod, poetis realur gamosaxulebasTan, 

rogorc aRweren mas barbare veziriSvili, nino 

yifiani, Tu konstantine mamacaSvili da miuxedavad imisa, 

rom igi Tavis drozeve uaryofil iqna, mainc gamosca saxelgamma 

1929 wels da amiT erTgvari dakanoneba misca maso 

(leoniZe 1940b: 420). 

g. leoniZes, dainteresebuls baraTaSvilis portretis 

kvlevis sakiTxiT, mouZebnia pirovneba, Zveli moRvawe da 

mTargmneli, ivane avaliSvili, romelsac leoniZis TxovniT, 

dauweria mogoneba baraTaSvilis am yalbi, zemoxsenebuli 

portretis warmoSobis Sesaxeb. leoniZe Tavis werilSi imow- 

57

mebs avaliSvilis am mogonebas, romlis safuZvelze adgens, 

rom suraTze gamosaxuli pirovneba aris iv. avaliSvilis nacnobi, 

vinme aleqsandre daviTis Ze ciciSvili da ara nikoloz 

baraTaSvili. es suraTi zaqaria WiWinaZes unaxavs iason 

ciciSvilTan, romelsac Seuqmnia Zmis es portreti. zaqarias 

moswonebia suraTi, wamouRia da baraTaSvilis portretad 

gamoucxadebia igi. 

rogorc irkveva i. griSaSvilis Canawerebidan, z. WiWinaZe, 

im periodSi baraTaSvilis leqsTa krebulis gamocemas amzadebda 

da cdilobda moeZebna poetis portreti da radgan 

realuri ver ipova, gadauwyvetia misi Secvla pirobiTi portretiT. 

griSaSvilis cnobiT, zaqarias uTqvams: `ra uSavs, 

rom ara gvaqvs baraTaSvilis portreti? Tu ara gvaqvs, unda 

SevqmnaTo~ (TaqTaqiSvili 2005: 243) da aleqsandre ciciSvilis 

xsenebuli suraTi ase uqcevia z. WiWinaZes baraTaSvilis 

portretad. 

baraTaSvilis am yalbi portretis sakiTxs mkvlevari kidev 

erTxel ubrundeba 1955 wels, roca igi `literaturul 

gazeTSi~ aqveynebs gamokvlevas _ `daviT guramiSvilis 

portretisaTvis~ (leoniZe 1955). 

giorgi leoniZe `literaturul memkvidreobaSi~ gamoqveynebul 

werilSi `baraTaSvilis erTi leqsis avtografi~ 

(leoniZe 1935b: 639-640) Seexeba baraTaSvilis leqsis _ òmi 

saqarTvelos Tavad-aznaur-glexTa pirispir daRestnisa da 

CeCnelTa, welsa 1844-sa mZRvanelobasa qveSa Ruberniis mar- 

Slis dimitri Tamazis Zis orbelianisa~ _ axlad aRmoCenil 

avtografs, romelic 1933 wels mTawmindis mweralTa muzeums 

SeuZenia artem gabuniasagan. 

leoniZis gamokvlevidan dgindeba, rom es avtografi yofila 

mixeil birTvilis Ze TumaniSvilis (1818-1875) sakuTreba, 

misi arqividan. xelnaweri daTariRebulia 1844 wlis 23 

seqtemebriT. baraTaSvilis yvela gamocemaSi, sadac es leqsia 

Sesuli, igi swored asea daTariRebuli. 

xelnaweris SeswavliT leoniZem daazusta erTi faqti, rasac 

baraTaSvilis leqsis analizisaTvis da poetis orientaciis 

swori gagebisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs. 

baraTaSvilis leqsis bolo strofis meore striqoni Tavdapirvelad 

ikiTxeboda ase: 

58 

`mefesa Tavi SeswireT, vaglaxi eciT warmarTTa!~ 

_ rac mere poets wauSlia da ase Seucvlia:

ìmperatorsa emsxverpleT, vai dahmarTeT warmarTTo!~ 

leoniZem Tavis werilSi CaurTo leqsis avtografis fotoc, 

sadac naTlad Cans avtoriseuli sworeba. mkvlevarma 

daasabuTa, Tu ratom unda aRdges leqsis pirvandeli varianti. 

igi wers: `rogorc viciT, xsenebuli leqsi baraTaSvilis 

sarevanSo mowodebaa, _ erekle meoris da misi sardris 

daviT orbelianis saxeliT _ daRestnelTa winaaRmdeg. cnobilia, 

rom ereklem da daviT sardarma mTeli sicocxle lekebTan 

brZolas Sealies da poetic swored mitom mouxmobs: 

`he, Zmano, nuTu ar gesmiT mefis iraklis xma maRliT? 

gixmobT: `qarTvelno, hei, SabaS! kurTxeva Tqvenda ze 

madliT!~ 

amis Semdeg momdevno striqonSi ruseTis imperatoris 

xseneba da mowodeba misTvis samsxverplod, _ moulodnelobisa 

da gaugebrobis STabeWdilebas stovebda. amitom iyo, 

rom poets politikur uprincipobas swamebdnen. 

axla ki Cveni dednis mixedviT irkveva, rom leqsis dasasrulic 

Tavdeboda ara imperatoris, aramed `mefis~, e. i. 

irakli II-is saxelis xsenebiT da misTvis Tavis Sewirvis mowodebiT. 

poeti mimarTavs patriotul romantikas, _ winaparTa, 

mamaTa erovnul aCrdilebs da ara rusis imperatoris 

siluets; _ Tavdadeba erovnul saxelmwifoebriobisaTvis 

da ara aRiareba didmpyrobelobisa, anu Serigeba saqarTvelos 

samefos damoukideblobis dakargvasTan. aseT gaugebrobas 

gvifantavs striqonis aRdgena Tavdapirveli saxiT. 

cxadia, leqsi damaxinjebulia gamZvinvarebuli cenzuris 

iZulebiT~, _ werda leoniZe (leoniZe 1935b: 639). 

es leqsi pirvelad daibeWda 1890 wels baraTaSvilis 

TxzulebaTa meoTxe, z. WiWinaZiseul gamocemaSi, saTauriT: 

`laSqroba qarTvelTa kavkasze~ (baraTaSvili 1890: 50-51). 

aRsaniSnavia, rom 1935 wlamde gamocemul baraTaSvilis 

leqsTa krebulebSi, maT Soris 1890 da agreTve, 1922 wlis 

gamocemebSi, es leqsi dabeWdilia sadao strofis Zveli wakiTxviT, 

_ ìmperatorsa emsxverpleT, vai dahmarTeT warmaTTa!~ 

(baraTaSvili 1922: 50). 

xolo leoniZis gamokvlevis Semdeg, yvela Semdgom gamocemebSi, 

ikiTxeba leoniZis mier aRdgenili teqsti: `mefesa 

Tavi SeswireT, vaglaxi ecis warmarTTa!~ (baraTaSvili 1945a: 

43; baraTaSvili 1945b: 41; baraTaSvili 1954: 54). 

59

1935 wels `literaturul memkvidreobaSi~ gamoqveynebuli 

leoniZis meore gamokvleva _ òri SeniSvna baraTaSvilze~ 

ori werilisagan Sedgeba. pirvel werilSi _ `n. baraTaSvili 

da 1841 w. guriis ajanyeba~ g. leoniZe Seexeba baraTaSvilis 

grigol orbelianisadmi 1841 wlis 18 oqtombers miweril 

baraTs, sadac poeti moixseniebs guriis ajanyebas 

(leoniZe 1935g: 625-626). 

1841 wels orjer moxda guriaSi ajanyeba. pirvelad maisivnisSi, 

meored agvisto-seqtemberSi. leoniZe azustebs, rom 

swored meore, agvisto-seqtembris amboxebazea laparaki 

baraTaSvilis werilSi. leoniZe ikvlevs, rom ajanyebis CaqrobaSi 

monawileobdnen baraTaSvilis am werilSi dasaxelebuli 

samxedro pirebi: arRuTinski, saginaSvili, jorjaZe da 

poetis biZa, grigol orbeliani. 

meore werilSi _ `n. baraTaSvilis poeturi saxelis istoriisaTvis~ 

leoniZe miuTiTebs, erTi mxriv, im aRiarebaze, 

rac poets mis Tanamedrove qarTul sazogadoebaSi hqonda. 

mkvlevars mohyavs levan meliqiSvilis, giorgi erisTavis da 

aleqsandre orbelianis cnobili gamonaTqvamebi poetze, sadac 

isini xotbas asxamen baraTaSvils (leoniZe 1935g: 627-628). 

amave dros, leoniZe moixmobs dimitri yifianis vaJis, 

nikoloz yifianis werils, peterburgidan mamisadmi miwerils 

1865 wlis 9 marts. leoniZes es werili aRmouCenia 

mTawmindis mweralTa muzeumis dokumentebis fondSi (897). 

nikoloz yifiani peterburgidan wers mamas: `merani~ sakvirveli, 

mSvenieri ram aris. _ neta vin iyo nikoloz baraTaSvili? 

Sen mgonia, icnobdi, swavla sad miiRo, samsaxurSi yofila 

Tu ara, uvlia sadme an ruseTSi, an iqiT, sparseTSi? ra 

xasiaTisa iyo, sazogadoebaSi ra iyo, sazogadoeba rogor 

uyurebda?~ (leoniZe 1935: 629). 

leoniZis mier am werilis aRmoCenam mniSvnelovnad gaamdidra 

dokumenturi masala baraTaSvilis Sesaxeb. 

* * * 

1940 wels `literaturul matianeSi~ gamoqveynebuli 

leoniZis vrceli gamokvleva `nikoloz baraTaSvilis garSemo~, 

iyo movlena baraTaSvilologiaSi. es iyo fundamenturi 

xasiaTis narkvevi poetze, sadac axali masalisa da axleburi 

analizis safuZvelze mravalmxriv iyo Seswavlili baraTaSvilis 

cxovrebasa da SemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT mTeli 

rigi sakiTxebi. 

60

am gamokvlevaSi (leoniZe 1940: 397-465) g. leoniZe gvTavazobs 

Semdeg werilebs: 1. poetis Soreuli winaprebi da revaz 

baraTaSvili. 2. n. baraTaSvili da al. puSkini. 3. konstantine 

mamacaSvilis mogonebani nikoloz baraTaSvilze. 4. dimitri 

yifianis mogonebani nikoloz baraTaSvilze. 5. baraTaSvilis 

erTi leqsis irgvliv (`ros bednier var...~). 6. erTi daviwyebuli 

leqsi n. baraTaSvilze (laparakia vano baraTaSvilis 

leqsze, romelic `ciskarSi~ daibeWda, 1963, № 7 _ m.k.). 

7. n. baraTaSvili _ moxele. 8. sad gardaicvala n. baraTaSvili? 

9. baraTaSvilis umcrosi da. 10. n. baraTaSvili da 

egnate ioseliani. 11. baraTaSvilis megobrebi da Tanamedrove 

poetebi, daviT maCabeli da aleqsandre Ciqovani. 12. mixako 

orbeliani. 13. mamuka orbeliani. 14. sad cxovrobda Tbilis- 

Si n. baraTaSvili? 15. baraTaSvilis portretisaTvis. 16. `meranis~ 

genezisi da ilia orbelianis tyveobis ambavi. nawyveti 

ilia orbelianis moTxrobidan SamilTan tyveobis Sesaxeb. 

es ukanaskneli iyo erTi Tavi ilia orbelianis Txzulebidan 

`rva Tve Samilis tyveobaSi~, romelic daibeWda gazeT 

`kavkazSi~ 1849 wels (№1-5), xolo 1857 wels e. verderevskim 

Seitana igi damatebis saxiT Tavis wignSi `В плену у Шамиля~ 

(wigni daviT WavWavaZis ojaxis tyveobaze). am miviwyebul masalas 

miagno g. leoniZem, Targmna igi qarTulad da dabeWda 

`literaturul matianeSi~. sruli saxiT ki, ilia orbelianis 

es Txzuleba, gamoaqveyna elizbar ubilavam, jer almanax `saunjeSi~ 

1883 wels (№ 3), xolo Semdgom 1991 wels calke wignad, 

Tavisive TargmaniT, mxolod is nawili Txzulebisa, 1940 

wels rom Targmna da gamoaqveyna giorgi leoniZem, ucvleladaa 

Sesuli wignSi (orbeliani 1991). 

nikoloz yifianis werili mamisadmi, rogorc aRvniSneT, 

leoniZem gamoaqveyna 1935 wels, im dros dimitri yifianis pasuxi 

Svilisadmi da mogonebani nikoloz baraTaSvilze, jer 

kidev ar iyo cnobili. SemdgomSi, leoniZem dimitri yifianis 

am pasuxsac miakvlia da gamoaqveyna igi 1940 wels jer `komunistSi~ 

(№ 46), xolo Semdeg `literaturul matianeSi~ saTauriT 

`dimitri yifianis mogonebani nikoloz baraTaSvilze~ 

(leoniZe 1940: 406-415). am mogonebebSi mravali saintereso 

da sagulisxmo cnobaa poetis Sesaxeb, dimitri yifianisa da 

baraTaSvilis urTierTobebze, im literaturul wreze, 

dimitri yifianis ojaxSi ikribeboda. baraTaSvili am wreSi 

kiTxulobda, xSirad pirvelad, Tavis ukvdav qmnilebebs da 

megobarTagan ismenda Sefasebebs, xolo zogjer garkveul 

61

Cevebsa da SeniSvnebsac, romelTac, d. yifianis cnobiT, 

poeti araiSviaTad, iziarebda da iTvaliswinebda kidec... 

(Cven ar viciT, axalgazrda geniosis Semoqmedebas, es, 

Cveulebriv mokvdavTa `SeniSvnebi~, ramdenad waadgeboda. 

iqneb, mis qmnilebaTa is pirvandeli variantebi ufro sainteresoni 

da srulyofilni iyvnen?.. _ m.k.). 

d. yifianis werili rusul enazea dawerili. `matianeSi~ 

leoniZem gamoaqveyna rogorc rusuli teqsti werilisa, agreTve 

qarTuli Targmanic. 

leoniZis gamokvlevaSi èrTi leqsis irgvliv~ ganxilulia 

baraTaSvilis leqsi `ros bednier var~ da am leqsis 

mimarTeba ucxour wyaroebTan. leqsi dawerilia sasimRerod. 

igi miZRvnilia ekaterine WavWavaZisadmi. samegrelos 

dedofalma ekaterinem iona meunargias gadasca 1881 wlis 

aprilSi baraTaSvilis xuTi ucnobi leqsi, maT Soris `ros 

bednier var~. meunargiam es leqsebi gamoaqveyna 1882 wels 

ìveriaSi~ (№ 4-5). 

g. leoniZis gamokvleviT dgindeba, rom am leqss safuZvlad 

udevs Zveli kvartetis `kluC~-is ZiriTadi melodiis 

erT-erTi versia, romelic popularuli iyo da imRereboda 

rusul aristokratul wreebSi mecxramete saukuneSi, xolo 

misi musika Seuqmnia mocarts. 

leoniZe `kluC~-is rusul teqsts adarebs baraTaSvilis 

leqss. igi wers: `baraTaSvilis leqsis da `kluC~-is versiis 

msgavseba zedmiwevnilia motiviT, wyobiT (rasakvirvelia 

Sinaarsis gansxvavebiT) da TviT refreniT. 

62 

qarTulad: `ros bednier var SenTan yofniTa~. 

rusulad: `Как счастлив а, коль с тобою бываю~. 

qarTulad: àr daijereb, ar daijereb, ar daijereb, Tu viT 

satrfo xar~. 

rusulad: `Ты не поверишь, ты не поверишь~. 

am rusuli simReris warmoSobis Sesaxeb statia gamoqveynebulia 

1933 wels krebulSi `Звенья~ (1933, № 2, 622). rogorc 

irkveva, igi lev tolstois sayvareli simRera yofila. àxla 

gamoirkva, rom es is simReraa, romelsac nataSa rostova 

mReris~ `Война и Мир~-Si (ix. `Звенья~, 1933, стр. 618-628), wers 

g.leoniZe (leoniZe 1940: 418).

evri axali dokumenturi maslaa TavebSi: 7. baraTaSvili 

_ moxele; 8. sad gardaicvala n. baraTaSvili? 4. sad cxovrobda 

n. baraTaSvili? 

leoniZes skrupulozurad gamoukvlevia poetis samsaxureobriv 

moRvaweobasTan dakavSirebuli dokumentacia da 

dauzustebia mravali detali, baraTaSvilis cxovrebis bolo 

Tveebis saqmianobas rom warmogviCens. 

mkvlevari azustebs, rom baraTaSvili naxeWevanis mazris 

ufrosis TanaSemwed oTxi Tve yofila (1844 w. noembridan 

1845 wlis 12 martamde). igi wers: àm dReebSi Cven vnaxeT damadasturebeli 

cnoba, rom baraTaSvili vidre ganjas wavidoda, 

marTlac Telavis mazris ufrosis TanaSemwed yofila 

daniSnuli, mxolod dauniSnavT tfilisSi da kaxeTs jer arc 

ki iyo wasuli, rom ganjaSi wauyvaniaT... cnobidan irkveva, 

rom poets Tavisi adgili gaucvlia ramaz andronikaSvilisaTvis, 

romelic manamdis ganjis ufrosis TanaSemwis amsruleblad 

yofila~ (leoniZe 1940: 422). es cnoba leoniZes amouRia 

`zakavkazski vestnikidan~. leoniZis mier mopovebul am 

cnobas eyrdnoba baraTaSvilis biografiis Semdegdroindeli 

kvlevebi. 

mraval xandazmul pirTa gamokiTxvis safuZvelze, giorgi 

leoniZem daazusta, Tu sad cxovrobda TbilisSi nikoloz 

baraTaSvili. 

anCisxatis siaxloves, CaxruxaZis quCaze №17-Si gaatara 

poetma Tavisi cxovrebis bolo oTxi weli. leoniZes mohyavs 

im ubnis mcxovrebTa Canawerebi, romlebmac gadmocemiT 

icodnen, Tu romel saxlSi cxovrobda poeti da vis ekuTvnoda 

sxvadasxva dros es saxli (leoniZe 1940: 434-439). 

dRes es saxli aRar arsebobs, xolo baraTaSvilis muzeumi 

ganTavsebulia imave quCaze, maxloblad im saxlisa, romelic 

1940 wels, rodesac leoniZe skrupulozurad ikvlevda am 

sakiTxs, jer kidev arsebobda... 

g. leoniZe ikvlevs sakiTxs, TviT ganjaSi gardaicvala 

baraTaSvili, Tu sofel muruTSi _ `saagarako adgili ganjis 

maxloblad~ _ da gamoTqvams mosazrebas, _ savaraudoa, 

rom swored mureTSi gardaicvala poetio. 

leoniZe eyrdnoba baron nikolais dRiurs, sadac baroni 

aRniSnavs, rom 5 oqtombers igi iyo ganjaSi da inaxula is 

bina, sadac poeti cxovrobda. magram ar axsenebs, rom iq daxvda 

avadmyofi poeti. leoniZe fiqrobs, rom Tuki baraTaSvili 

im dros Tavis binaSi iyo, nikolai amas aucileblad aRniSnavdao 

(leoniZe 1940: 424). mkvlevari Tanac yuradRebas 

63

miapyrobs im faqts, rom baraTaSvilis ori ukanaskneli werili 

_ erTi maiko orbelianisadmi, xolo meore _ levan 

saginaSvilisadmi, daTariRebulni arian: pirveli _ 10 agvistoTi, 

xolo meore _ 23 agvistoTi da orive muruTidanaa 

gamogzavnili. 

1940 wels `literaturul matianeSi~ gamoqveynebuli 

giorgi leoniZis fundamenturi gamokvleva `baraTaSvilis 

garSemo~ Seicavs uamrav axal dokumentur masalas. mravali 

sakiTxi pirveladaa dayenebuli gamokvlevaSi, axali kuTxi- 

Taa warmoCenili da gaanalizebuli baraTaSvilis cxovrebis 

mTeli rigi detalebi da misi Semoqmedebis naklebad Seswavlili 

mxareebi. 

leoniZis es gamokvleva saetapo mniSvnelobis naSromia 

baraTaSvilologiaSi da mas gverds ver auvlis baraTaSvilis 

verc erTi mkvlevari. 

* * * 

1945 wels gamodis nikoloz baraTaSvilis ori saiubileo 

krebuli, erTis redaqtoria korneli kekeliZe, romelsac 

Tan axlavs p. ingoroyvas vrceli gamokvleva poetis cxovrebisa 

da Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb, xolo meore saiubileo gamocemis 

redaqtoria giorgi leoniZe. am saiubileo gamocemas win 

uZRvis g. leoniZis narkvevi `nikoloz baraTaSvili~ (cxovreba 

da Semoqmedeba), xolo boloSi darTuli aqvs leoniZis 

mier Sedgenili baraTaSvilis leqsebisa da werilebis komentarebi. 

leoniZis es komentarebi baraTaSvilis TxzulebaTa 

Semdgom yvela gamocemaSi meordeba ramdenadme Sevsebuli 

saxiT. verc erTi mkvlevari gverds ver auvlis am komentarebs, 

igi baraTaSvilologiaSi leoniZis mier Setanili didi 

da gansakuTrebuli wvlilia. 

saiubileo krebulSi Sesuli giorgi leoniZis narkvevi 

`nikoloz baraTaSvili~, sul 27 gverdia, magram mkvlevari aq 

ramdenime metad sagulisxmo, originalur dakvirvebas gvTavazobs, 

romlebic misi mignebaa. 

ase magaliTad, ocdaTormeti wlis SeTqmulebis zegavleniT 

xsnis igi poetis ymawvilobisdroindeli leqsebis `bulbuli 

vardzed~ da `SemoRameba mTawmidazed~ pirveli variantebis 

zogad ganwyobilebas. igi wers: 

`n. baraTaSvilis pirveli leqsis (`bulbuli vardzed~) 

pirveli variantis bolo ori striqoni ase ikiTxeboda: 

64

`maqvnda mcire wadili, ver mivxvdi ki Znelobas, 

esT gawbildes, vinc iwyebs Tvisgan SeuZleblobas~. 

am leqsSi, romelic dawerilia 1833 wels, eWvi araa, laparaki 

unda iyos imaT `gawbilebaze, vinc TavisTvis `SeuZlebel~ 

saqmes mohkidebs xels. SeTqmulebis ideiT gatacebuli 

poeti gulmtkivneulad gamosTqvams ukmayofilebas imis 

gamo, rom axalgazrda SeTqmulebma xeli mosWides maTTvis 

mZime, SeuZlebel saqmes da bolomdis ver miiyvanes. 

sayuradRebo masalas iZleva leqsis `SemoRameba mTawmidazed~ 

pirveli variantis analizic. es leqsic, romelic dawerilia 

1833 wels, axali STabeWdilebis qveS, unda gamoxatavdes 

`guldaxurulTa~ ganwyobilebas, magram 1835 wels, 

roca damarcxebis tkivili ramdenimed miyuCda, optimisturad 

ganwyobili poeti axals variantSi ase abolovebs leqss: 

`mwuxri gulisa _ sevda gulisa _ nugeSsa amas Sengan 

miiRebs, 

rom gaTendeba dila mziani da yovels bindsa is 

gananaTlebs~. 

aseTi ganwyobileba ki daibada poetSi, roca qarTvelma 

axalgazrdobam SeTqmulebis katastrofis Semdeg axali gzebi 

da pozicia gamonaxa~ (leoniZe 1945: XIV). 

leqsis `SemoRameba mTawmidazed~ 1833 wlis variantSi daboloeba 

aseTi iyo: `rom utyuvni Cemni aRmooxvrani Semomaxveven 

fiqrianobas, / maSin mziralni Senzeda Tvalni iTxoven 

Sengan misTvis misnobas~. am striqonTa Cveneuli analizi 

gadmocemulia gamokvlevaSi: `SemoRameba mTawmidazed _ 

qristianuli motivebi~, romelic daibeWda 2005-2006 wlebSi 

gazeT `kalmasobaSi~ (kakabaZe 2005-2006). 

* * * 

g. leoniZe baraTaSvilis pirovnebas ase axasiaTebs: 

`TviT poeti _ dendi, lamazi Wabuki, romelsac hqonda 

agreTve reputacia `varSavis frantis~ (leoniZe 1945: XXV). 

`poeti martooden sakuTari literaturuli saqmianobiT 

ar yofila gatacebuli, mas axasiaTebda sazogado moRvaweobis 

wyurvili. qarTul sinamdvileSi mas SeeZlo didi sazogado 

moRvawis rolis Sesruleba~ (leoniZe 1945: XXVI). 

baraTaSvilis poeziis Sesaxeb leoniZe wers: 

65

àrc erTi qarTveli poeti, rusTavelis Semdeg ar amaRlebula 

baraTaSvilis lirikamde... 

igi erTaderTi filosofosi poetia Tavisi droisa, zogadkacobriuli 

ideebis momRerali... 

baraTaSvili pirveli poetia mecxramete saukuneSi, romlis 

leqsmac dahkra guls da qarTvel mkiTxvels agrZnobina 

unazesi, spetaki grZnobebi didi siyvarulis, samSoblos 

trfialebis da pirovnebis Tavisuflebisa. am mxriv igi miuRweveli 

poetia~ (leoniZe 1945: XXXI). 

giorgi leoniZe am narkvevSi `bedi qarTlisas~ did, patriotul 

nawarmoebad miiCnevs. arasodes laparakobs poetis 

òptimizmze~, an rusuli orientaciis momxreobaze, anda 

erekle mefis nabijis gamarTlebaze. msgavsi analizi im 

droisaTvis, 40-iani wlebis Sua xanebisaTvis, Tamami da gabeduli 

nabiji iyo mkvlevris mxridan. 

66 

damowmebani: 

baraTaSvili 1890: Tavadis baraTaSvilis leqsebi. meoTxe Sevsebuli 

gamocema (z.WiWinaZis gamocema). Tb.: m. d. rotinovis stamba, 1890. 

baraTaSvili 1922: baraTaSvili n. leqsebi, bedi qarTlisa, werilebi 

(sam. fircxalavas redaqciiT). tf.: saxelmwifo stamba, 1922. 

baraTaSvili 1945a: baraTaSvili n. Txzulebani (saiubileo gamocema) 

(red. k. kekeliZe, wigns erTvis: p. ingoroyva _ n. baraTaSvili (narkvevi). 

Tb.: saxelgami, 1945. 

baraTaSvili 1945b: baraTaSvili n. Txzulebani (saiubileo gamocema, 

1845-1945) (red. g. leoniZe. wigns erTvis: nikoloz baraTaSvili (mokle 

biografia), g. leoniZis, gv. V-XXXII, komentarebi, Sedgenili g. leoniZis 

mier. gv. 95-112). Tb.: saxelgami, 1945. 

baraTaSvili 1954: baraTaSvili n. Txzulebani. Tb.: `sabWoTa 


baraTaSvili 2005: baraTaSvili n. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli (l. 

TaqTaqiSvilis saerTo redaqciiT). Tb.: `peg~, 2005. 

baratovski 1905: Баратовский томик. № 1. "Кавказоведение", Тифлис: 1905. 

TaqTaqiSvili 2005:TaqTaqiSvili l. nikoloz baraTaSvilis portreti. 

_ nikoloz baraTaSvili. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli. Tb.: `peg~, 2005. 

kakabaZe 2005-2006: kakabaZe m. `SemoRameba mTawmidazed _ qristianuli 

motivebi~. gaz. `kalmasoba~, № 7, 2005; № 1, 2006. 

leoniZe 1933a: leoniZe g. n. baraTaSvilis portretisaTvis. gaz. 

`saliteraturo gazeTi~, № 7, 1933. 

leoniZe 1933b: leoniZe g. baraTaSvili, mocarti da tolstoi. gaz. 

`saliteraturo gazeTi~, № 8, 1933. 

leoniZe 1933g: leoniZe g. nikoloz baraTaSvili moxele. gaz. 

`saliteraturo gazeTi~, № 12, 1933.

leoniZe 1935a: leoniZe g. ori SeniSvna baraTaSvilze. _ 

literaturuli memkvidreoba, wigni I. Tb.: saxelmwifo universitetis 

gamomcemloba, 1935. 

leoniZe 1935b: leoniZe g. n. baraTaSvilis erTi leqsis avtografi. _ 

literaturuli memkvidreoba, wigni I. Tb.: saxelmwifo universitetis 

gamomcemloba, 1935. 

leoniZe 1940a: leoniZe g. sad cxovrobda TbilisSi n. baraTaSvili? 

gaz. `komunisti~, № 225, 1940. 

leoniZe 1940,a: leoniZe g. axlad aRmoCenili mogonebani dimitri 

yifianisa nikoloz baraTaSvilze. gaz. `komunisti~, № 246, 1940. 

leoniZe 1940b: leoniZe g. nikoloz baraTaSvilis garSemo. _ 

literaturuli matiane, wigni 1-2. Tb.: `teqnika da Sroma~, 1940. 

leoniZe 1945: leoniZe g. nikoloz baraTaSvili (mokle biografia). _ 

baraTaSvili n. Txzulebani (saiubileo gamocema 1845-1945) (red. g. 

leoniZe). Tb.: saxelgami, 1945. 

leoniZe 1955: leoniZe g. daviT guramiSvilis portretisaTvis. gaz. 

`literaturuli gazeTi~, № 28, 1955. 

orbeliani 1991: orbeliani i. rva Tve Samilis tyveobaSi. Tb.: `saqar- 

Tvelos ilia WavWavaZis saxelobis wignis moyvarulTa sazogadoeba~, 

1991. 

67

emzar kvitaiSvili 

68 

leqsad gardaqmnili siWabuke 

es winaTqma sagangebod daiwera da 

unda darTvoda Cems mier Sedgenil 

giorgi leoniZis `100 leqss~, magram, 

Cemgan damoukidebeli mizezebis 

gamo, ase ar moxda. 

e. k. 

uTuod simbolur mniSvnelobas iZens is ambavi, rom vaJafSavelam 

Tavisi naadrevad gardacvlili megobris obol 

vaJs, cameti wlis giorgi leoniZes, oqrosfer qoCorze Seaxo 

guTans SeWidebuli daSaSruli xeli da leqsic uZRvna. SegviZlia 

warmovidginoT `calTvala devis~, àluda qeTelaurisa~ 

da `gvelis-mWamelis~ damweris winaSe rogor idga ji- 

Siani, SeRerebuli ymawvili, romelsac ukve lomis bokveris 

gamoxedva hqonda. 

am patara leqsSi Tavidan wuxilia gamoxatuli, radgan adre, 

misi siWabukis Jams, samSoblos mZime gasaWiri adga da poeti 

ver xedavda `qveynis damxmare Zalebs~, axla ki gamoCndnen 

axalgazrdebi, romelTa xilva guldakodil vaJas 

imeds unergavs; samwerlo asparezze gamosasvlelad Semzadebuli 

giorgi leoniZe, imxanad, etyoba, iseT fxianobas 

iCenda, genialur winapars aTqmevina: 

dRes, vxedav, gahmravldebian, 

mSobel qveyanas Svilebi, 

mters ar miscemen saTelad 

Tavis samSoblos gmirebi, 

mirCeba wyluli gulisa 

vyuCdebi anatirebi... 

sami wlis Semdeg vaJa gardaicvala da es sityvebi wminda 

anderZad gahyva giorgi leoniZis mTel cxovrebas. amitom 

iyo _ mowifuli, ocdaaTi wlisa, Tavis erT-erT saukeTeso 

leqsSi siamayiTa da madlierebiT igonebda: 

rogorc damloca vaJa-fSavelam, 

damskdari xeli Tavze damado... 

mecxramete saukunis miwurulsa da meocis gariJraJze 

qarTuli leqsi ukiduresad dacemuli, gamofituli iyo da

Tvisebrivi gadaxaliseba, feriscvaleba esaWiroeboda. es 

aucilebeli, safuZvliani reforma, ZiriTadad, galaktion 

tabiZem da `cisferi yanwebis~ ordenma ganaxorcieles. 

aqve imis Tqmac SeiZleba _ sabolood, meoce saukunis 

qarTul lirikaSi ori umTavresi figura, temperamentiT, 

samyaros xedviT, Sinagani wyobiT erTmaneTisagan mkveTrad 

gansxvavebuli, magram erTmaneTze mxrebmidgmuli ori kolosi 

_ galaktion tabiZe da giorgi leoniZe gamoikveTa da 

Cveni poeziis momavalic, metwilad, maT gansazRvres. es amJamad 

araviTar davas ar unda iwvevdes. 

galaktion tabiZis msgavsad, giorgi leoniZe, qarTvel 

simbolistTa jgufis, `cisferi yanwebis~ erT-erTi mesveur- 

Tagani, imTaviTve dasavleTis kulturul Rirebulebebsa da 

orientacias aniWebda upiratesobas, magram arc mSobliuri 

fesvebi aviwydeboda, ramac mis adrindel, erTgvarad saprogramo 

leqsSic (àvtoportreti~) iCina Tavi: 

poeziaSi, rogorc rumbSi Cayudebuli, 

yvela wvenebSi, yvela SxamSi suli Cavawe. 

artÁur rembosTan borot tyupad Caxutebuli _ 

madgamen gvirgvins Teimuraz da WavWavaZe. 

rembo aq STabeWdilebis mosaxdenad ar gaxlavT naxsenebi 

_ janyiani bunebis axalgazrda giorgi leoniZe `dawyevlil 

poetTan~, `mTvrali xomaldis~ avtorTan sulier naTesaobas 

grZnobda; sagangebo dakvirveba zog saerTo niSans ueWvelad 

gamoavlenda, magram mcire winaTqma saamisod ar gamodgeba. 

araerTxel Tqmula _ giorgi leoniZis SemoqmedebaSi simbolizms 

maincdamainc Rrma kvali ar dautovebia, Tumca isic 

cxadia, rom ociani wlebis cdebma formismier ZiebebSi 

TvalsaCino samsaxuri gauwia. 

giorgi leoniZis Taoba moeswro didi winaprebis (ilia, 

akaki, vaJa..._ sanukvari ocnebis asrulebas, saqarTvelos 

damoukideblobas, magram es bedniereba imdenad xanmokle 

gamodga, gaxareba ver moaswres. poetis Wabukobisdroindel 

(1918) leqsSi `26 maisi~ ukve ismoda gangaSis xma, gafrTxileba, 

rom naloliavebi damoukidebloba ar dagvekarga, Zvel- 

Taganve danergili TviTmyofoba SegvenarCunebina, xelaxla 

ar aRmovCeniliyaviT dampyrobelTa klanWebSi (àrmazisaken! 

nuRar wavalT lega zamTarSi!~). 

amao gamodga es gafrTxileba. qveynis gadasarCenad xelisuflebam 

TiTqmis araferi iRona. samiode wlis Semdeg erTerT 

uZlieres sonetSi `saqarTvelo~ (`Sen firosmanis Svid- 

69

Rarian marnebSi gxedav~) poeti mwvave sinanuliT axsenebs Tavis 

`daCeqmil suls~, xolo finalur striqonebSi arcTu farulad 

daqaragmebulia SemoWra wiTeli ruseTidan moseuli 

moZaladeebisa, romelTac TeTr cxenze amxedrebuli qar- 

Tveli moRalate winamZRolobda: 

70 

modis Samqori. soRanluRi. droSebis mtveri. 

zurniT falangebs mouZRveba kondotieri 

da Seni sisxli, gaWedili, SiSiT zanzarebs. 

giorgi leoniZem sakmaod adre da Tanac mkafiod gamoavlina 

sakuTari xelwera, ganumeorebeli xma, poeturi xelovnebis 

sayuradRebo Taviseburebani. visac mis sicocxleSi 

gamocemuli rCeulebi gadauTvalierebia, SeamCnevda, rom 

TavSia moqceuli strofikiT, intonaciuradac danarCenebisagan 

gansxvavebuli, Tamami poeturi saxeebiT aRbeWdili 

leqsi àxali mTvare kaxeTSi~. 

Ramis mnaTobis momajadoebel Suqze moCans Ronieri sofeli. 

igrZnoba guluxvi Semodgomis simsuye. warmarTuli 

vnebiT aRtkinebuli gogo-biWebi lxins miscemian. poetis 

ganTqmuli `yivCaRuri lirikis~ Canasaxic aqve ilandeba, moqnilnakvTebiani, 

acekvebuli ymawvili qalis velur moZraobaSi: 

mTvare xorciT gaivso... 

moswyda unazes mucels, 

abreSumis sabudars, 

mTvare xorciT gaivso... 

xdian qvevrebs marnebSi, 

yoCi dakles myvirali, 

mozveri sagaiso, 

ubnebSi gadadian 

cecxlebi yiramala, 

mReris vaJTa krebuli, 

yivCaRurad TamaSobs 

gogo Camkvrivebuli. 

giorgi leoniZes rac RvTisgan hqonda momadlebuli (arwivuli 

mzera, daqanebuli zvavis Zala, rac mTavaria, sityvis 

surnelisa da ferovnebis Seudarebeli SegrZneba...). is araviTari 

garjiTa da ostatobiT ar miiRweva, Tandayolilia. 

zemoT moxmobili striqonebis avtors Rrmad swamda _ si- 

Wabuke da leqsi erTimaneTisagan ganuyofelia da SemTxveviTi 

arc is aris, rom misi Sedevrebis didi umravlesoba 

axalgazrdobis wlebs ganekuTvneba. amis naTelsayofad sa-

Taurebis CamoTvlac ikmarebs. vis ar axsovs: `cicari~, `Rame 

iveriisa~, ùjarmis nangrevebi~, ìoseb daviTaSvilis suraTze~, 

`Zveli qarTuli warwerebi~, ìvris Rame~, `simRera pirveli 

Tovlisa~, `mecamete saukune~, `Savlego~, `Tuki vcocxlobT, 

simRerebis imediT~, `mTawmindidan qars mohqonda~, 

`ninowmindis Rame~, `metiveebi~, `myviraloba~, `yivCaRuri Rame~, 

`yivCaRis paemani~, `wava leqsi da waiRebs~, `gomboridan~, 

`Tbilisis poetebi~, ìvris pirad~, `saaTnava~, `maS, ra vuyoT, 

poetebo!~, `siWabuke da leqsi erTia~, òle~, `Tbilisis gan- 

Tiadi~, `tyupi iagundebi~... 

raxan TvalnaTliv xedavda _ àxalgazrdoba, daudgromloba, 

zavTi, yiJina~.... xelidan usxlteboda, isRa iRona, rom 

usasrulobisaken mimqrolavi siWabukis boboqari wlebi leqsebad 

gardasaxa. 

STabeWdileba gveqmneba _ giorgi leoniZe leqsis werad 

maSin jdeboda, roca dagubebuli saTqmeli yelSi ebjineboda, 

raTa qaRaldze gadmoRvriliyo. swored sxeulSi dauteveli 

gaveSebuli Zala iyo am zariani SeZaxilis mizezi: 

Sen gelodeba dasastambavad 

aTi aTasi CanCqris bRavili; 

siWabuke da leqsi erTia _ 

erT CuqurTmaSi gamoyvanili. 

niSandoblivia, rom `yivCaRis paemanis~ darad, aqac calfa 

riTmas dasjeoda; jvaredin striqonTa mdinarebas silaRes 

daukargavda, sunTqvas Seborkavda, mas ki imxanad myviralobis 

Jami edga, sworferTan pirispir Sesayrelad rqaSemarTuli 

xarirmis gamTangavi Jini sZravda, Tavs veRar iokebda. 

`qarTul miwaSi yelamde Caflul poets~ Rrmad hqonda 

gadgmuli fesvebi mSobel niadagSi, magram misTvis cisken 

ltolvac aseTive bunebrivi iyo. amitomac nebaze hyavda miSvebuli 

jiqur, stiqiurad movardnili striqonebi: 

leqso, sad ivli, sadamde? 

me aRar SegekiTxebi... 

ar davardeba miwaze 

aJRerebuli sityvebi. 

amis mTqmels siyrmidan, patara biWobidanve hqonda SeTvisebul-Sesisxlxorcebuli 

xalxis metyveleba, xalxuri poeziis 

madli da visac es eeWveba, imas poeziisa sruliad araferi 

gaegeba. 

71

giorgi leoniZis rCeul leqsebs, misive striqonebi rom 

moviSvelioT, `Camoqafuli CanCqeris JrJola~ dahyveba, uCveulo 

Zalisa da warudinebeli mSvenierebis gamo, TviTeuli 

maTgani bevrjer yofila literatorTa aRfrTovanebis sagani 

(òles~ Znelad Tu moeZebneba badali) da vfiqrobT, maTze 

sagangebo msjeloba saWiro aRaraa; visTvisac Zvirfasi da 

axlobelia qarTuli poezia, TiTqmis yvelam zepirad icis es 

leqsebi. 

poeziis WeSmariti damfaseblis winaSe mTeli ZaliT feTqavs, 

gvajadoebs. 

Tavdadebulad gamrje, mSromeli, amave dros, gaSlili 

lxinis, unapiro aRtacebis kaci iyo, Tumca kargad icoda _ 

xanSi Sesul adamians sicocxlis xalisi ekargeba da yvelaze 

metad swored es Trgunavda (`guls survilebi gaeclebian~), 

isic gasigrZeganebuli hqonda _ dros mxolod namdvili 

Semoqmedis danatovari uZlebs, gulgrili maradisobis pirispir 

poetad dabadebulis srulyofili qmnilebebi rCeba. 

`...ukvdavebis dRes mxolod leqsebi daeswrebian~. aki Tavad 

uTqvams Tavisi sicocxlis bolo gazafxulze, patarZeulSi 

Casuls, win Cemi leqsebi mimiZRvebiano. 

Warmagma, ormocdaaT wels gadaSorebulma, amoTqva dabal 

Sairze gawyobili, niavqariviT laRi simRera `gazafxuli~, 

romelic TiTqos misi asi leqsis damwyalobebas, gzis 

dalocvas hgavs. poeti mkerdgaReRili egebeba weliwadis 

ulamazes dros, raTa xeli CasWidos, ganuSoreblad masTan 

darCes. sxvanairi siTbo da sikeTe axlavs gazafxulTan am 

gulmxurvale Sexmianebas: 

72 

romel meranze mofrindi, 

romel mqrolavi raSiTa? 

`lileos~ quxilTa xmebSi, 

niaRvarebis taSiTa. 

vina sTqva, sinaziT moxval, 

enZelebiT da iiTa? 

sadac mwvane frTas daiqnev, 

vaJkacur Zgeras miitan! 

salami, 

asjer salami! 

Sen, gazafxulis dgrialo! 

yinuls dalewav, 

xmatkbilad 

wyarom rom daiwkrialos...

me guls davlewav, 

nakvesar 

leqsma rom daiZgrialos! 

Soridan gexarxarebi, 

modi, sul erTad viaroT... 

es maradiuli zeimia, ar gaxlavT Cveulebrivi, wuTieri 

aRtaceba, maSinve rom gadagivlis. `salami, asjer salami!~ _ 

yvelas vinc giorgi leoniZis am lamaz wigns _ às leqss~ _ 

xelSi aiRebs, gadaSlis da waikiTxavs. gvjera, igi umal darwmundeba 

_ nuSis yvavilebiT dafifqul striqonebs Zala da 

elvareba arasodes moakldeba. 

73

elene koSoriZe 

74 

giorgi leoniZis qarTuli 

giorgi leoniZes `muxladi,~ `bedauri~ sityva uyvarda. 

àraviTari `mcire~ ar unda yofiliyo misi wilkerZi~ 

(inaniSvili 1984: 148). misi didebuli qarTuli TiTqos erTgvarad 

exameboda mis warmosadegobas. ìgi iyo didi da Zlieri, 

Zlieri mxar-mklaviT, Zlieri sunTqviT~ (iqve), Zlieri 

gancdiT da gamorCeuli `xmaZalianobiT~ (kvaWantiraZe 1984: 

3). igi `sisavsiT~, `Warbi ferebiT~ xatavda sagnebsa da movlenebs~ 

(margvelaSvili 1970: 86). 

ase afasebdnen mas Tanamedroveni. 

TviTonac ase fiqrobda: 

`dRes xeobaSi Cemi leqsi hqris, 

miwiT Sesvrili taxis Ronisa, 

asamaRlebels axla me vityvi, 

saTqmels miminos mokiviliTa, 

aha, samSoblov, sityva qarTuli”. 

(leoniZe 2008: 115) 

giorgi leoniZis poetur sityvas is SeuRwevadi, uflisgan 

momadlebuli poeturi muxti dahyva, romelsac sityva mxatvrul-esTetikur 

xarisxSi ahyavs da xSirad prozasac poeziad 

aqcevs. misi `natvris xis~ qarTulic prozisa da poeziis 

zRvarzea. 

giorgi leoniZis sityviT, WeSmarit mxatvrul Semoqmedebas 

saxeebiT moazrovne mwerlebi qmnian. maTgan `zogi `smenis~ 

mxatvaria, zogi _ `Tvalis~ mxatvari (leoniZe 2000: 618). 

Tavad g. leoniZe mxolod `Tvalisa~ da `smenis~ mxatvari ar 

yofila. 

vaJaseuli mxatvruli saxeebis Semdeg, `rac gacnobierebul 

iqna mxedvelobiTs SegrZnebebze aRmocenebul saxeTa 

mxatvruli Rirebuleba, giorgi leoniZem SeZlo originaluri 

mxatvruli xatebis Seqmna im monacemTa momarjvebis gziT, 

romelic gemosa da sunis wiaRSi moipova~ (kiknaZe 1957: 295). 

amitomac igi ara marto vizualurad warmousaxavs mkiTxvels, 

rom àtmis qveS vardisferi Tovli devs~, rom àmoiTeTra 

kavkasionma~, an:

`moCans samSoblos ivris Walebi, 

rogorc sasanTle gaCaRebuli~..., 

aramed asmeninebs kidec `samaWre Raris Sxrials~ da im musikas, 

romelsac `riyiani da xmiani iori~ gamoscems, rogorc 

poetis `yrmobis embazi~, misi `pirveli poeturi saasparezo~; 

magram ara marto samyaro, xSirad gulic mReris: àsalamurda 

guli Cemi siyvaruliTa~ (89, 20). 

`samaswlovani fSati”, `patarZeulis iebi~, `bRujeulad 

rom amodioda soflis tyispirebSi~, da `dabadagebuli cacxvi~ 

irgvliv sitkbosa da surnelebas afrqveven: dros ar mouSlia 

yrmobisas dakmeuli surneli: 

an: 

`miyvars cacxvis surneli, 

Cemi yrmobis surneli~. 

`mafrqvion Suqi-surneli 

patarZeulis iebma~. 

g. leoniZesTan zogjer sakuTari saxelic ki sunisa da 

gemos mixedviTaa motivirebuli (Taflua, TavTuxa, forToxala, 

dudRuba...) amitomac qali SeiZleba iyos `saxelgemrieli~, 

`SaqartuCa~. SeiZleba abstraqtul saxelsac ki 

hqondes suni da gemo; SeiZleba xetiali `gatkbildes~: 

`da Tbilisis Zvel quCebSi 

gatkbildeba xetiali~. 

g. leoniZesTan sityvasac aqvs Taviseburi suni da gemo. 

masTan dasturdeba rogorc sayovelTaod cnobili sityvaT- 

Sexamebani: `sityva grZneuli~, `sityva wrfeli~, `sityva mefuri~, 

aseve moulodneli sintagmaturi wyvilebic: sityva 

`moSaqrul-moSarbaTuli~, `Tafl-erboiani~. sityvisgan nawarmoebi 

nasityvic (anu naTqvami) gemos ukavSirdeba... 

poeti gemosa da sunis SegrZnebaTa gamoxatviT uxdis madlobas 

Zveli wignis mwerals: 

`TafliT nasityvi, vardis eniT gadaTargmnili ... 

sadRac Sendobas ixveweba wignis mkobeli~. 

(leoniZe 2000: 250) 

magram sityva SeiZleba iyos `Canabasric~, àlmasis gamyrelic~, 

`civi~ an `Sxamismdenelic~ ...aseT sityvebs erideba poeti: 

àdamianis suls atlanqebso~ (leoniZe 2000: 640). 

75

poets awuxebs, rom sazogadoeba TiTqos `gacivda~: `poeziaSic 

ki igrZnoba civi sityvebis siWarbe~ (leoniZe 2000: 

616), da daeZebs deida maikos alersian mimarTvebs (`Cemo 

gaSlilo iao~, `wamlad dagenaye, wamlad dagede~, `Cemi cxovrebis 

niavo!~...), magram ver poulobs da kiTxulobs: `ratom 

aRar esmiT es tkbilqarTuli Cvens bavSvebs, Svilebsa da 

SviliSvilebs? ratom dahkarges Cvenma qalebma es saalerso 

sityvebi? nuTu ise gaxevda Cveni guli, rom es Tbili mdedruli 

sityvebi aRar arian CvenTvis saWironi?~ `xom gvciva 

uamsityvebod?!~ (leoniZe 2008: 339-340). 

Tavad poeti sagangebod arCevda yovel sityvas: `me sityvas 

fizikurad ganvicdi, ynosviT vigeb, romel sityvas udgas 

suli, romelia usisxlo, momWknari~ (leoniZe 2000: 616). cnobilia, 

rom sZulda sikvdilze saubari da xSirad metaforulad 

gamoxatavda Tavisi personaJebis am qveynidan wasvlas: 

`ninia bunebaSi gadamdnariyo~, `marita gadavida eTeris qveyanaSi~, 

`RmerTs Cabarda Cveni cicikore~... 

metaforuloba giorgi leoniZis azrovnebis stilia. 

metsaxelebzedac (Wampura, cero, Toxitara, wiprua...) rom 

araferi vTqvaT, romlebic ase saxierad warmosaxaven personaJs, 

xSirad Cveulebrivi piris saxelebic ki motivirebulia. 

magaliTad, Corexi, marita, emanueli... 

kldesaviT mtkice da Zlieri adamiani cxovrebis usamar- 

Tlobam CorexiviT aqcia (Corexi (xevs.), Coraxi (mox.) _`miwa 

CamoSlili, kldiani flateebi, ConCxiani, daRaruli klde _ 

qavTaraZe 1985: 385) _ Searyia, gamofita, moaduna. rogorc 

avtori wers, Corexma`sulis droSa dakeca~, `Cumad dneboda, 

Cawva, Caimumla~ (leoniZe 2008: 428). 

aseve motivirebulia saxeli marita, romelic sagangebod 

Seurqmevia avtors mSvenieri maritasaTvis, romelic `TiTqos 

mzes Camovardnoda~ (leoniZe 2008: 392). sabas mixedviT ki 

`marita (mariota) cis grkalsa ewodebis, romelsa buniobasa 

mze mas zeda vals gasworebasa dRisa da Ramisasa~ (orbeliani: 

1965-1966). 

giorgi leoniZes metaforuli mniSvnelobiT, magram ironiuli 

SeferilobiT gamouyenebia piris saxeli emanueli (ebraulad: 

`CvenTan ars RmerTi!~), radganac uxmaria qveynis damaqcevar 

istoriul pirTan atilasTan, Sesadareblad, romelmac 

mospo da gaanadgura yvelaferi, magram ise moaqvs 

Tavi, TiTqos `RvTis kalTa~ gadaefarebinos qveynisTvis: 

76

`Cvenc, `RvTis maTraxo~, Semogvirbine... 

dalewe yvela, rac Cven gvabrmaebs! 

Cveni xatebi isrole karSi, 

gamoucxade Cvens RmerTs dueli: 

tyve demonebiT etlebis qarSi 

mobrZandi, rogorc emanueli!~ 

(leoniZe 2008: 20) 

giorgi leoniZis qarTuli mdidaria sxvadasxva saxis tropebiT. 

swored isini qmnian mxatvrul saxeebs: 

metaforebi: 

`ca atmebiT msxmoiare, CaxCaxa 

da gazafxuls rZis suni asdioda~. 

Sedarebebi: 

`rogorc saZroxe qvabs oxSivari, 

qarTlis xeobebs asdis nislebi~. 

erTmaneTze akinZuli epiTetebi, romlebic `sisavsiT~, 

Warbi ferebiT warmosaxaven sagnebsa da movlenebs: 

`Tamada ijda morWmuli, Tavgziani, damyarebuli, dadginebuli, 

TamadobadakurTxebuli, SeerTxmebuli sufrasTan~ 

(leoniZe 2008: 303). 

amasTanave, garda zemoT CamoTvlili mxatvruli xatebisa, 

g.leoniZis enaSi dasturdeba Sinagan gancdaTa gamomxatveli 

sityvaTSexamebani, romelTac SeiZleba `grZnobiTi xatebi 

ewodos: 

`darCes es tuCi kocnis elviT xeluxlebeli~, `...damnacros 

elvam Seni tanisa~, `cecxlis sawolSi SemogZarcve Sesaburavi~ 

da a. S. 

amrigad, `mxedvelobiTi xatebi~, `smeniTi efeqtebi~, `sunisa~ 

da `gemos~ SegrZnebani, Sinagan gancdaTa gamomxatveli 

sityvaTSexamebani miuTiTeben, rom giorgi leoniZis 

SemoqmedebaSi sakmaod gafarToebulia saganTa mxatvrulad 

aRqmis sazRvrebi. giorgi leoniZe poeturi xedvis Semoqmedia 

da misi qarTuli upirvelesad mxatvruli xatebiT iqcevs 

yuradrebas. 

amasTanave, es xatebi dinamikuria. TiTqos yoveli sagani 

TrTis, moZraobs, moqmedebs... 

amis erT-erTi mizezi isaa, rom poetis mier nawarmoebi 

leqsika umetesad nasaxelari zmnebia: àxlac Soridan gve- 

Surdulebi~, `qarTlosis landi brwyinvalebiT gameTareSa~, 

`TeTri gvirgvini ucxoelma SegiRamisa~... 

77

araiSviaTia -ob sufiqsiani saSuali gvaris zmnebi, romel- 

Tac mravalgzisoba SemoaqvT TxrobaSi (salamurobs... mSvenierobs... 

ukvdavobs...), aseve Txrobis dinamikurobas ganapirobebs 

mimReobaTa (aborgebuli... damkraxuli..., damcrobili...), 

sawyisTa (zrinva, tkrciali, garjiloba) da iseTi kompozitebis 

siuxve, romelTa meore komponenti saxelzmna 

(brolSenaciebi, guldamercxlebuli, rqagalaRebuli, eldadakruli), 

an qonebis saxelia (Taviswvera, jiRaTvaleba, 

Tavqara) ... 

nawarmoebi leqsikis eqspresiuloba ufro kargad Cans 

gabmul teqstSi, gansakuTrebiT _ Tanwyobilsa da Serwymul 

winadadebebSi da e.w. Serwymul gankerZoebebSi, rac Zalze 

damaxasiaTebelia g. leoniZis qarTulisaTvis. 

erT-erTi nimuSi aseTia: 

`borgi, usminari kaci iyo xvedia. vis ar axsovs Cvens 

sofelSi ukeTuri, gulRorRiani, RvarZliani, enidan Sxamis 

mdeneli... damSxaluli, Sekvamluli, CaRrubluli, Tanac 

wyaldasxmul-nacrisferi~ (leoniZe 2008: 243). 

erTgvar wevrebs _ erTmaneTis miyolebiT akinZul epi- 

Tetebs _ dinamikurobac SemoaqvT TxrobaSi da, amasTanave, 

`sisavsiT~ axasiaTeben personaJs da, rogorc sinonimuri sityvebi, 

ZiriTad Tvisebebs ganamtkiceben. 

eqspresiulobas isic ganapirobebs, rom xSirad sazRvruli 

Cavardnilia da msazRvreli parafrazis mniSvnelobas 

iZens, ris gamoc mkafiod ikveTeba saxasiaTo niSani. amis kargi 

magaliTia: 

àxlac Tvalwin midga _ zangela, dagiSrulqoCriani, ji- 

RaTvaleba, dageSil miminosaviT tanswrafi, erTi sityviT, 

sandomobiT sayvareli“ (leoniZe 2008: 282). 

amave daniSnulebiT xSiria Serwymuli gankerZoebani: 

`Tvalcecxli iyo Salia, Tavguli, sxarti, laRi, gulzavi, 

giJmaJi, gaSlili gunebisa, amayi, samxedrosaken mimdreki...~ 

(leoniZe 2008: 281). 

Serwymuli winadadeba da Serwymuli gankerZoebani giorgi 

leoniZis Txrobis stilia da dinamikurobas esec aZlierebs, 

vinaidan eqspresiuloba upirvelesad TviT Serwymuli winadadebis 

bunebaSia. 

Sinaarsobrivad gansxvavebul pasaJebSi amave mizniT avtori 

warmatebiT iyenebs iseT rTul Tanwyobil winadadebas, 

romelSic sinonimuri Sinaarsis martivi winadadebebia gaer- 

Tianebuli. magaliTad: 

78

`maikos guls Rame gauTenda, danaTrTvilari guli mouTba, 

pirs Suqi amoefina, misi wili mze ganaTda~ (leoniZe 2008: 

347). 

es Tanwyobili winadadeba, garda imisa, rom azrobriv 

mTlianobas ganamtkicebs, ritmuli prozis nimuSicaa. pirvel 

or winadadebaSi aT-aTi marcvalia, meore orSi _ rva-rva. 

es ar aris SemTxveviTi. giorgi leoniZis leqsika-frazeologiiT 

uaRresad mdidari qarTuli `ritmuli~ prozis iSviaTi 

nimuSia. gvxvdeba gariTmuli frazebic: `gugunebda 

sufra, RuRunebda buxari~. 

g. leoniZis prozaSi advili sapovnelia ritmulobis yvela 

niSani (koSoriZe 1995: 139-151) esenia: bgeraTa, marcval- 

Ta, sityvaTa da xSirad frazaTa gameoreba. 

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania zmniswinTa gameoreba, radganac, 

rogorc Tavkidura elementebi, maxvilian marcvlebs 

warmoadgenen da amitom fraza ufro ritmul-musikaluria: 

`nakverCxalma mosusxa, moswva, moTuTqa patarZlis mzetani~... 

meordeba msgavsi sityvebi: varCie, amogarCie... TavZera, 

Tavqara... 

meordeba erTi da igive sityva: 

`poeturi TvaliT, poeturi guliT da didi ocnebiT gasxivosnebuli 

sxvac bevri dadis qveyanaze~. 

damaxasiaTebelia momdevno winadadebis dawyeba im sityviT, 

romliTac bolovdeba wina winadadeba: 

`TiTqos ezoSi ia Semovida. Semovida da Semoefina~. 

aseTi pauziani gameoreba qarTuli zRapris enas axasiaTebs 

(uTurgaiZe, giunaSvili, CxubianiSvili 1979), xolo 

klasikur mwerlobaSi ilias (afridoniZe 1989: 63), m. javaxiSvils 

(WumburiZe 1962: 92), revaz inaniSvilsa da Tamaz bibilurs 

(koSoriZe 2005: 261-284) da sxvebs. 

xSirad pirveli winadadebis pirveli sityva anaforulad 

meordeba: 

`qveyana upatrono nu ggoniaT, qveyanas viRaca patronobs~. 

àvarda siyvarulis ali, avarda, agizgizda~... 

gameorebul Semasmenlebs araiSviaTad da kavSiri aerTebs: 

bardnida da bardnida; wamouSina da wamouSina. aseT ganmeorebebs 

mravalgzisobis Sinaarsi SemoaqvT TxrobaSi, rac 

Txrobis dinamikurobas aZlierebs. amgvari gameorebani kidev 

ufro mkafiod gamokveTs g. leoniZis mWidro kavSirs 

xalxur sityvierebasTan, kerZod, zRapris enasTan. 

meordeba mimsgavsebuli sintaqsuri konstruqciebi: `me 

xom is patara biWi var, iisferTvaleba, yviTelqoCriani, lo- 

79

yebatkrecili Tqvens Soris rom davrbodi! me isa var, Tqvens 

kevrze rom vijeqi, Tqveni guTnis sayevaris uRelze... 

me isa var, wignebs rom gikiTxavdiT, Tqvengan rom viwerdi 

Sairebs, gamocanebs, simRerebs~ (leoniZe 2008: 213). 

erT-erTi funqcia aseTi strofuli gameorebisa saTqmelis 

azrobrivi mTlianobis gamokveTaa. 

xSird winadadebebi ori-sami gverdis Semdegac ki meordeba 

ise, rom gameorebul winadadebaTa gamTiSveli pasaJi gameorebuli 

winadadebis mimarT kontrastulia. swored am kontrastis 

meSveobiT gameorebuli winadadebebi personaJis 

sulieri ganwyobilebis gamokveTis funqcias iZenen. 

amis erT-erTi nimuSia moTxroba `soflis Saraze~, romelic 

ase iwyeba: 

`SuadRis sicxe anTia sofelSi. siCumes mxolod WriWinobelas 

damRleli WriWini arRvevs... gzas sZinavs~ (leoniZe 

2008: 351). 

avtoris sityviT, siCumeSi `gzas sZinavs~, personaJis rwmunebiT 

ki _ `miwis qveS xma ismis”, `modis guguniT ... delgma, 

niaRvris roxi~ (leoniZe 2008: 354). 

swored am sityvebis Semdeg meordeba moTxrobis dasawyisi 

odnavi cvlilebiT: 

`SuadRis sicxe anTia sofelSi da siCumes mxolod WriWinobelas 

damRleli WriWini arRvevs~ (iqve). kontrastis mxatvruli 

xerxiT avtori marjved upirispirebs erTmaneTs obieqtur 

realobas (irgvliv siCumea!) da personaJis mier aRqmul 

samyaros (irgvliv gacofebuli mRelvareba da niaRvris 

roxia!). 

amgvari gameoreba giorgi leoniZis qarTulis stiluri 

niSania; amiT igi personaJis fsiqologiur suraTs qmnis. 

ase rom, gameorebis mxatvruli xerxi mxolod ritmulobas 

da dinamikurobas ar emsaxureba. igi TxrobaSi garkveul 

ganwyobilebas ganamtkicebs da xSirad personaJis fsiqologiur 

saxes qmnis (`CorexSi~ _ ziraq mRvdlisas, `Ciriksa~ da 

`CikotelaSi~ _ Cikotelasas). 

amgvari gameorebani swored imitom, rom qarTuli zRapris 

mkvidr asociaciebs qmnian, naTelyofen giorgi leoniZis 

qarTulis mtkice kavSirs xalxur sityvierebasTan. 

amis dasturia is intonaciuri mravalferovneba, romelic 

giorgi leoniZis qarTuls axasiaTebs. 

avtoris iumoriT savse Txrobas enacvleba personaJis 

monologi, romelic ufro dramatul pasaJebSi gvxvdeba, 

80

moqmed pirTa cocxali dialogebi, dialogizebuli metyveleba 

da lirikuli wiaRsvlebi ... 

wuTisoflisagan gamwarebuli yadoris (`samTo sabalaxe~) 

monologSi mRelvarebisa da Sinagani gancdebis gamosaxatavad 

kiTxviTi da Zaxilis winadadebebia momarjvebuli, e.w. 

ritorikuli SeZaxili: àba, maSin kargi biWebi viyaviT, roca 

did omebSi Cveni gvaris medgari Zaxili gaismoda: `dahkar! 

dahkari!~ an kidev: ès ra droeba modis!~ `mec xom Zexorcieli 

var, mec xom minda arseboba!~ aseve _ ritorikuli mimar- 

Tva: `sindisi daikarga, zrdiloba da pativiscema gaqra, maS 

saqarTveloc xom daiRupa, miTxar, ynawvilo, Sen genacvale!~ 

ritorikuli mimarTva, ritorikuli SekiTxvisgan gansxvavebiT, 

pasuxs saWiroebs (“daJinebulad micqeroda yadori da 

Cemgan eloda Tavisi sityvis dadasturebas”), Tumca pasuxi 

ar Cans da monologi grZeldeba. 

odesRac didebuli ojaxiSvilis _ yadoris winaprebs avtori 

sakuTari saxelebiTac (janzurabi, amilRabari, Sermazani) 

gamoarCevs. 

cxovrebis usamarTlobiT gulnatkeni yadoris ritorikul 

Txrobas (monologs) yoveldRiurobiT gamwarebuli, ùyoleli, 

uqoneli, upovari~ col-qmris dialogi upirispirdeba: 

`TiTqos axlac Camesmis yurSi col-qmris Sejavaxeba: 

_ ade, kaco, ade, Ziluav, ar gamocxvi ZiliTa? 

_ Tavi damanebe, dedakaco, ras iRerRebi ZaRliviTa... 

wevs TaRria da Tan fiqrobs. 

_ avdge, Tore vaziT dagragnili zvari ar melodes, xaris 

enis tola venaxi migdia raRaca, imas Senc eyofi. 

_ avdge, Torem gamarTuli guTani ar micdides, Sebmuli 

uremi, cxvris fara. 

_ ade, Tavxmelo, ciskari gadavida! 

_ ade, mTeli qveyana sarCoTi aivso; _ ar cxreboda 

coli, Tumca mxolod jer ciskris ciali krToda caze. 

_ Se ZuZunawyveto, ras misZar-mosZari xmeleTi. dedamiwa 

Seizniqa Seni WyviriliT~... da a. S. (leoniZe 2008: 224-225). 

moyvanil dialogSi upirvelesad TvalSi sacemia gameorebis 

efeqti. erTi mxriv: àde, kaco, ade!~ ade, Tavxmelo! ade, 

mTeli qveyana sarCoTi aivso..., meore mxriv: àvdge, Tore...~ 

aseTi gameoreba ganwyobilebis stabilurobasac emsaxureba 

da xalxuri sasaubro metyvelebis niSniTacaa daRdasmuli. 

xalxuri metyvelebis iers aniWebs sasaubro sityvis masala: 

àr gamocxvi ZiliTa?~ `xaristola venaxi~, `ras iRerRebi 

ZaRliviTa~ da mimarTvis formebi: àde, kaco!~ `Tavi damane- 

81

e, dedakaco!~ àde, Tavxmelo~... àde, Se gasaciebelo~... `Se 

ZuZunawyveto~... agreTve _ metsaxeli Zilua da a. S. 

araiSviaTad Txrobas acocxlebs yuradRebis gasamaxvileblad 

CarTuli lirikuli wiaRsvlebi. avtoriseuli mimarTvebi 

mkiTxvelisadmi, mkiTxvelTan kontaqtis yvelaze 

marjve saSualeba, dialogizebuli metyveleba, romelSic avtori 

mimarTvis saSualebebad iyenebs kiTxviT winadadebebsa 

da meore piris formebs. 

magaliTad: `swored am dros, roca mzem ukanaskneli sxivebi 

Cawura CasavleTSi, gamoCnda ivridan momavali iciT vin? 

TviTon mixvdebiT~ (leoniZe 2008: 274). 

zogjer TiTqos mkiTxvelis SekiTxvac ivaraudeba: 

`_ da kidev vin? rogor Tu vin? Cemi ori karis mezobeli 

Ciriki da Cikotela. 

_ ici ki, ra aris Ciriki? xom gagigoniaT, yvela miwveba, 

mowveba, Ciriki xeze gawveba~ (iqve). 

aq avtori gamocanis yaidaze agebul frazas CaurTavs, romelic 

gansxvavebuli variantiTaa mowodebuli: yvela miwveba, 

mowveba, maskuntela kuntiao (xalxuri sibrZne 1965: 389). 

zogjer aseT dialogSi warmosaxviTi mkiTxvelis pasuxi 

ivaraudeba, radgan kiTxvas kontrSekiTxva mohyveba: 

`_ ici, ra aris samoyvro amindi? 

_ ara?~ (iqve). 

amas mosdevs samoyvro amindis ganmarteba. 

zogjer avtori grafikuli saSualebebiT (xmovnis gamoyofiT, 

xmovnis dagrZelebiT...) warmoTqmis intonaciasac SeagrZnobinebs 

mkiTxvels. magaliTad: 

_ yvelavinme ki ar gegonoT, Zveli gvaris nakvirtalia, - 

ityoda misi coli Tebro, rodesac qmari gadasZaxebda: 

_ SuSabandis vardo-o! (leoniZe 2008: 449). 

grafikuli saSualebiT intonaciis amgvari gamoxatva enis 

metyvelebaSi gadayvanis mcdelobaa. 

enis aqtualizaciis nimuSia agreTve: 

`gadmovdgebodiT balRebi soflis beqobze, davWimavdiT 

yelis ZarRvebs da daviZaxebdiT: 

_ k i k r i k i k o o o o ~! (g. leoniZe 2008: 263). 

amgvari fraziT vizualuradac aRiqmeba monaTxrobi da 

balRobisdroindeli xmebic amotivtivdeba adamianis 

cnobierebaSi. 

ase rom, giorgi leoniZis qarTuli intonaciuradac mravalferovania. 

82

* * * 

intonaciuri Taviseburebani (gansakuTrebiT personaJTa 

dialogebi), gameorebis efeqti da qarTuli soflis bunebasTan 

mWidrod dakavSirebuli mxatvruli saxeebi mkafiod 

warmoaCens, rom giorgi leoniZe qarTul miwaSi Rrmad fesvgamdgari 

Semoqmedia. amas naTlad uCvenebs sasaubro metyvelebidan 

mopovebuli mravalferovani leqsika-frazeologia, 

romelic ase Seesatyviseba im xalxis bunebasa da fsiqologias, 

vis Sesaxebasc mogviTxrobs avtori. 

g. leoniZis qarTuls xalxuri metyvelebis iers aniWebs: 

1. formulebad qceuli sasaubro sityvis masala (modi 

axla da ipove... arc acia, arc acxela...daiwyo da ra daiwyo... 

sofeli vin? erTi kaci!...); 

2. xalxSi gavrcelbuli mzamzareuli frazeologia (san- 

TliT narCevi qalia... axla dazome gza ... eg ra codvis kiTxulia?... 

mere ra Rvinoa? sworeT mzis Tvali aqvs Cayolili); 

3. xalxis wiaRidan Sesuli wyevlis (miwam ki dagiketos piri, 

Se ulxinebelo! Se nacardasayrelo, avTvalo!), moferebis 

(Wiri mogWame... im adgilis Wirime, sadac Sen momagondebi...), 

dalocvis (yvelawminda SegewioT!... ai, gaZex kargi 

mziTa!...), ficilis (maS sveticxovlis damqcevi viyo, Tu gi- 

Ralato... mcxeTis samirones geficebi...) formulebi. 

4. idiomuri gamoTqmebi (nemss ecmoda... kidurze migviyvana... 

gundruks ukmevda...) da xatovani sityva-Tqmani (es ra 

xlinki miyo, es ra aqlemi gamikeTa... marili ar agitirda 

aqamdeo...). 

g. leoniZiseuli marili ar agitirda aqamde? ukavSirdeba 

xalxSi gavrcelebul xatovan Sesityvebas `marili tiris~. am 

gamoTqmaSi T.saxokias marilisadmi xalxis pativiscema daunaxavs. 

xalxs marili, am SemTxvevaSi, sulierad warmoudgenia, 

danestianebuli marilisaTvis sityva dasveleba ar ukadrebia 

da amitom uTqvams: marili tiriso (saxokia 1979: 373). 

g. leoniZes am gamoTqmasTan qarTveli kacis erTi gamor- 

Ceuli Tviseba _ stumarTmoyvareoba daukavSirebia, Tanac 

gamoTqma _ marili tiris _ ganuaxlebia: gana marili ar 

agitirda aqamde? (e.i. gana Sens marils stumari ar moenatrao?). 

zogi myari gamoTqma xalxuri sityvierebidan Cans Sesuli 

mis prozaSi: `xalxi damwyemsda~... `xmlis enaze alaparakda 

sufra~... `sityva gaRorda~ da a. S. 

dasturdeba avtoriseuli myari gamoTqmebic. magaliTad, 

apolonis liliputebi (naTqvamia vaimwerlebisa da vaimecnierebis 

mimarT) g.leoniZes Seurqmevia uniWo, ubadruki mim- 

83

aZvelebisaTvis, romlebic iseve ver Seedrebian WeSmarit 

SemoqmedT, rogorc maxinji liliputebi _ mSvenier apolons. 

sinonimuri mniSvnelobiTaa naxmari `lirikuli qariylapia~. 

84 

`hyavT cocxlebSiac Tanamdebare 

dRes lirikuli qariylapia, 

zogia sxvisi Canglis yaCaRi, 

da zogic kidev umizrafoa~. 

(leoniZe 2008: 86) 

g. leoniZis mWidro kavSirs xalxur sityvierebasTan adasturebs 

mis SemoqmedebaSi uxvad mimobneuli andazebi da 

aforistuli Tqmebi, romelTa saSualebiTac mwerali saTqmels 

gamokveTil mimarTulebas aZlevs. ivaraudeba andazebisa 

da xalxuri gamoTqmebis amgvari CanarTebi: 

`Rreoba gaxurda. yvelaze metad Taya lxinobda. kaci rom 

ixarjebodes, araras argebs drekao! _ xumrobda Tavis Tavze~ 

(leoniZe 2008: 315). 

an kidev: 

`_ dalie naTlulebisa! _ uTxra mkacrad Tamadam. Tan 

yanwi gadaawoda 

_ rom ar dampatiJes, mainc davlio?! 

_ kargi qva kedlidan ar gadmovardeba! 

Tamadam daiurva ubelo moWixvine cxeni~ (iqve, 317). 

aseve: 

`_ ici Tu ara, yvela kaci rom ar aris Rirsi kacobis saxelis 

tarebisa. ici, rom zogi frinvelia _ sWamen, frinvelia, 

rom xorcs aWmeven. kaci ar yvela sworia, didi Zevs kaciT 

kacamdiso~ (leoniZe 2008: 375). 

warmodgenil teqstSi avtoriseul winadadebas mohyveba 

andaza odnavi SecvliT: frinvelia, rom imis xorcsa sWamen, 

frinvelia, rom xorcs aWmeven (umikaSvili 1964: 243), xolo 

andazas mohyveba rusTavelis cnobili striqonebi (isic odnavi 

cvlilebiT!): `kaci ar yvela sworia, didi Zes kaciT kacamdis~, 

rac SemTxveviTi ar aris. andazur-aforistuli 

Tqmebi sxvac bevria rogorc klasikuri mwerlobidan, aseve 

_ bibliidan. magaliTad: 

leoniZe _ kaci puradi unda iyos, nadimnaTeli. 

`qilila da damana~ _ nadimnaTeli, puradi mzisaca Sesayrelia. 

(xalx. sibrZne 1965: 359); 

leoniZe _ Suri uZlevelia. 

`qilila da damana~: ukurnebeli senia Suri~ (iqve); 

leoniZe: `Rvino axarebs gulsa kacisasao~.

iblia _ `da Rvino axarebs gulsa kacisasa~ (`fsalmuni~, 

103, 15). 

es mdidari da mravalferovani frazeologia leqsikiTac 

amdidrebda mwerlis Semoqmedebas. erTi Tvalis gadavlebi- 

Tac ki naTelia, rom giorgi leoniZis qarTulSi leqsikis 

TvalsazrisiT waSlilia zRvari Zvelsa da axal qarTuls 

Soris (koSoriZe 2001: 120-128). axal saliteraturo qarTul- 

Si damkvidrebuli erTeulebis gverdiT sinonimur wyvilebs 

qmnis xan ZvelqarTuli leqsika (mtredi da gviZini, mowyoba 

da gankargeba, bostani da mtili...), xan _ dialeqturi (eur- 

Ceba da uarSiobs, Roji da xarali, toli da bardibari...). 

dialeqturi leqsikis umetesoba mTis kiloTa kuTvnilebaa: 

fSav-xevs.: zrimli (cvar-nami), daadidebda (zvarakad Sewirvisas 

didebas ityoda), mohqirslavs (wvril-wvrilad mo- 

Tovs), moxev.: moiqueSia (dajabna, qveS moigdo), mTiul.: galega 

(WuWyiani), Tavgadanayari (Tavgadasavali), qarTl-kax.: 

damarmarebuli (dakrialebuli), gamoCxikuli (Zalian gamxdari), 

gaijejilebs (gaTamamdeba), sakuTriv kaxuri: damwoni 

(saxelovani, Rirseuli), daubejiTes (aqtiurad SeaZlies), 

ingil.: kaparWela (Wreli Zafisgan moqsovili windebi), imer.: 

TvalCaCxi (WrelTvaleba), gur.: mospetili (mokrialebuli), 

mesx.-javax.: RalaRunta (farTofoTliani balaxi, gafcqvnili 

iWmeba) da a. S. 

rogorc ZvelqarTuli leqsikidan, aseve dialeqtebidan g. 

leoniZe axal-axal sityvebs awarmoebda da zogjer gansxvavebul 

mniSvnelobasac aqsovda maTSi. ase, magaliTad, ZvelqarTuli 

sityvisagan zuzRaÁ (balRami, wyluli _ il. ab.) 

uwarmoebia zmnuri forma dazuzRavda, rac, teqstis mixedviT, 

tkivilian siaruls niSnavs: `mwvane, dageslebuli, mtirali 

dazuzRavda ezoSi~ (leoniZe 2008: 563). 

aseve sityva sulmokle Zvel qarTulSi gansxvavebuli 

mniSvnelobiT ixmareboda, niSnavda mouZlurebuls, modunebuls, 

Wkuanakluls (il.ab.). 

giorgi leoniZes am sityvisagan uwarmoebia zmnuri forma 

daasulmokla da ZvelqarTuli mniSvneloba SeunarCunebia 

misTvis: `qveynis gulgrilobam daasulmokla cicikore~ 

(iqve: 561). 

axal sityvaTa sawarmoeblad mwerali xSirad dialeqtur 

leqsikasac iyenebda. magaliTad, sityva SeimareSos uwarmoebia 

imerulSi dadasturebuli sityvisagan mareSali||mare- 

Seli, romelic wvrilfexa saqonlisa da Sinaur frinvelTa 

warmarTuli RvTaebaa (aqedan nawarmoebi mareSloba dadas- 

85

turebuli aqvs q. ZoweniZes _ ZoweniZe 1974: 230) rogorc 

mareSlis dResaswauli yvelieris wina kviras. 

mZivis dialeqturi mniSvnelobaa Caqsovili kompozitSi 

ZvalmZivi (xevs.: mZivi _ xerxemlis mala _ WinWarauli 2005). 

g. leoniZes ZvalmZivi xerxemlis mniSvnelobiT uxmaria: 

86 

`da Tu frTam dagaRalata, 

Tu dagelewa ZvalmZivi, 

ar Sedrke, dResac, xvalaca 

SegeSveleba arwivi~. 

(leoniZe 2008: 146) 

g. leoniZe gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda xalxur 

sityvierebasa da dialeqtur leqsikas (qurdovaniZe 2004: 

202-238). igi xalxur Semoqmedebas `mwerlobis aucilebel vitaminebs~ 

uwodebda (SamanaZe 1970: 165). 

g. leoniZes, Rirseuli winaprebis msgavsad (ilia, akaki, 

i.gogebaSvili), kargad esmoda, rom xalxis ena saliteraturo 

enis saimedo burjia da saliteraturo ena mas unda 

emyarebodes. 

amiT aixsneba, rom xalxSi gabneul, magram miviwyebul 

leqsika-frazeologias sagangebod agrovebda mwerali da 

moxdenilad iyenebda Tavis SemoqmedebaSi im mizniT, raTa 

momavali TaobisaTvis, anu, rogorc Tavad ityoda, `boloqarTvelebisaTvis~, 

gadaerCina qarTuli sityva. 

`viT meTavTave qalebi krefen 

yanis namkalSi puris TavTavebs, 

ise vkref xalxSi sityvebs naferTlebs~. 

amitomaa, rom mSobliuri qveynis wiaRidan guluxvad 

nasazrdoebi misi qarTuli ase mdidaria ara marto xalxuri 

frazeologiiT, xatovani sityvebiT, idiomuri gamoTqmebiT... 

aramed _ sxvadasxva dargis leqsikiTac (mag.: mcenareTa 

saxelwodebebiT: kokroWina, vardkaWaWa, oqroSvinda, 

walika, xaWiWora, furfuSa, famfara, Salga da sxv.). 

g.leoniZis enaSi yuradRebas iqcevs orwevra sityvaTSexamebani, 

romelTagan aRvniSnavT zogierTs (koSoriZe 2004: 256). 

xalxuri metyvelebis wiaRidan SeTvisebuli sintagmuri 

wyvilebi, romlebic dRes aRar ixmareba, mwerals warmoCenili 

aqvs rogorc istorizmebi. esenia: piris meRvine, litris 

kaci, sawuTros jami da sxv. 

uxvadaa aseve sintagmuri wyvilebi, romlebic realurad 

arsebobs. maTi dasaxeleba, am SesityvebaTa gaaqtiureba maTs

ganmtkiceba-damkvidrebas niSnavs. mag.: yanis muxli, vazis 

deda (anu dedavazi), puris cila, qarfexa cxeni, mindvris 

Tagvi, simindis frCxili. 

zogi maTgani leqsikonebSi arc gvxvdeba (magaliTad, simindis 

frCxili). 

qegl-Si frCxilis sxvadasxva mniSvnelobaa miTiTebuli, 

magram arc aqaa axsnili simindis frCxili. mwerlis mSobliur 

kuTxeSi, garekaxeTSi, daadastures, rom namdvilad arsebobs 

simindis frCxili, romelic simindis marcvlis is nawilia, 

romliTac marcvali mimagrebulia qeCeCze (anu naquCze). 

aqedan iwyeba simindis gaRvieba, maszea damokidebuli 

mosavlianobac. 

vfiqrob, frCxilis es mniSvneloba kuTvnil adgils daikavebs 

leqsikonebSi. 

g. leoniZe zogjer TviTon qmnida axal Sesityvebebs bunebaSi 

arsebuli raime Sesityvebis analogiiT. magaliTad: 

samravalkaco sufra (Sdr.: samravalkaco saZvale), oboli 

saxre (Sdr.: oboli margaliti), Rvinis kapi (Sdr.: wylis kapi) 

da a. S. 

g. leoniZis enaSi bevri sintagmaturi wyvili avtoriseulia. 

maTs mxatvrul Rirebulebas mxolod konteqsti warmoaCens. 

aseT wyvilebs xSirad metaforuli epiTetis mniSvneloba 

aqvs. esenia: simRerebis mwyemsi, mTvaris kibe, tyviis 

kurati, tyviiT mTvralebi (ix. vrclad: koSoriZe 2004: 256) 

da sxva. 

zogjer aseT wyvilebs poeti evfoniis miznebsac uqvemdebarebda. 

aseTia, magaliTad, sulis vefTari (anu sulis 

begTari, sulis javSani. vefTari _ TuSuri dialeqtis nimu- 

Sia). am sityvaTSexamebiT g. leoniZem metaforuli epiTetis 

ulamazesi xati Seqmna, vinaidan, teqstis mixedviT, sulis 

vefTari metaforuli epiTetia satrfosi, romelic poetisaTvis 

sulis simxnevisa da simtkicis mimniWebeli, misi sulis 

mcvelia (anu begTaria, javSania). 

teqsti aseTia: 

`Tu Sen aRar xar, 

vis vaZlev salams 

(Senc damlewixar, sulis vefTaro), 

wavide romel iarusalims, 

romel qariSxals amovefaro~. 

(leoniZe 2008: 166) 

87

g. leoniZis Semoqmedeba erT-erTi mTavari burjia me-20 

saukunis qarTuli mwerlobisa ara marto Tavisi TematikiT, 

aramed _ eniTac. 

amas naTlad uCvebs mwerlis enis Sedareba-Sejereba qar- 

Tuli enis ganmartebiTs leqsikonTan. 

1. bevri sityva leqsikonSi mxolod g. leoniZis mixedviTaa 

damowmebuli. magaliTad, xiduri (patara xidi), Wvritilo 

(WuWrutana, naxvreti), Tavgaziduli (Tavgasuli)... 

2.zogi sityva qegl-Si literaturuli masalis gareSea 

gamotanili, giorgi leoniZis Semoqmedeba ki saamisod uxv sailustracio 

masalas iZleva. mag.: dubela (Tbili, ugemuri 

wyali), Zirxvena(zogi mcenaris sakvebad vargisi Ziri), xarali 

(simindis miwiszeda fesvebi _ Rojebi, kartofilis 

amonayari). 

3. g. leoniZis qarTuli xSirad azustebs, srulyofs ama 

Tu im sityvis semantikas; maT ricxvSia afSrukva, koJandara, 

zro da sxv. SevniSnavT, rom zro sabasTan ganmartebulia, 

rogorc isris wveri. am ganmartebas imeoreben sxva qarTuli 

leqsikonebi. v. Tofurias besikis enaSi zro daudasturebia 

mcenaris tanis, agreTve tanadobis mniSvnelobiT (Tofuria 

1962: 212). es semantika dResac cocxalia xalxur metyvelebaSi, 

kerZod, garekaxeTSi. 

g. leoniZes saWirod daunaxavs gaeaqtiurebina am sityvis 

mniSvneloba. zro dasturdeba rogorc poeziaSi (àm kvirtSi 

gxedav, / yvavilis zroSi / sicocxlis niSnad / rom miCneula~...), 

aseve _ prozaSi (`rogor imedianad aiyris zro tans 

da daiyvavilebs butko~). 

miviwyebul sityvaTa xSiri xmarebiT g. leoniZe xels 

uwyobs am sityvaTa mniSvnelobis gacocxleba-damkvidrebas 

saliteraturo enaSi, rac enis leqsikuri fondis mudmiv 

ganaxleba-ganmtkicebas emsaxureba. 

g. leoniZis enaSi dasturdeba sityvebi, romlebic ukve 

saerTo-saxalxo enis kuTvnilebaa, magram qegl-Si araa Setanili. 

aseTebia: xelmagari (xelmoWerili, Zunwi), sarjulavi 

(salocavi), sisxlmaWara (sisxldauduRebeli), sayvelawmindo 

(yovlad wminda mariam RvTismSoblis sadRegrZelo), romlis 

mniSvnelobis warmoCenasac calke moTxroba, `Rvinjua~, 

miuZRvna (am moTxrobis saTauri pirvelad `dagvianebuli 

sadRegrZelo~ iyo). 

am sityvebs Soris bevri sityva TviT g. leoniZis mieraa 

nawarmoebi. esenia: kldekiburi, calxida, qvakibe, sefesanTeli, 

beriqala... qegl-Si mxolod es ukanasknelia Setanili (be- 

88

iqala) da sityva naerTbaSevi, romelic axsnilia, rogorc 

erTbaSad naTqvami: 

àJRerda Rrublis Ceromde 

simRera naerTbaSevi~. 

qegl-is mier xelovnur formad miCneuli es sityva, etyoba, 

mwerals TviTon moswonda, radganac Semdgom semantikac 

ki gaufarTova. prozaSi sxva mniSvnelobiT ixmara _ Semcbaris, 

SeZrulis, eldanakravis mniSvnelobiT: `Rvinjua 

yurebs ar ujerebda, ise iyo naerTbaSevi~. 

sityvawarmoebis saSualebaTa amgvari `mosinjva~ erTxel 

kidev mowmobs imas, rom g. leoniZes gaazrebuli damokidebuleba 

hqonda enasTan. igi namdvili sityvaTSemoqmedi iyo. 

g. leoniZis leqsika-frazeologiiT mdidar qarTuls 

dvrita daudo saliteraturo qarTulTan yvelaze daaxloebulma 

dialeqtma garekaxurma; Seavso da ganamtkica klasikurma 

mwerlobam. ase rom, giorgi leoniZis qarTuli klasikuri 

mwerlobisa da xalxuri metyvelebis nazavia da nasazrdoebia 

sruliad saqarTvelos wiaRiT. 

g. leoniZe ara marto Tavisi Semoqmedebis TematikiT, 

aramed eniTac me-20 saukunis qarTuli mwerlobis erT-erTi 

mTavari burjia, uSreti wyaroa qarTuli saliteraturo 

enis leqsikuri fondis gamdidreba-ganmtkicebisa. 

g. leoniZis azrovnebis stili metaforulia. igi poeturi 

xedvis Semoqmedia. misi qarTuli mdidaria sxvadasxva saxis 

mxatvruli xatebiT, dinamikuria (rasac didad ganapirobebs 

nawarmoebi leqsika da gameorebis mxatvruli xerxi), ritmul-musikaluria, 

intonaciurad mravalferovania da 

xalxuria. 

es Tvisebani erTmaneTs ar gamoricxaven (umetesad Tanaarseboben). 

swored es Tanaarsebobaa ganmsazRvreli misi 

`xmaZaliani~, `muxladi~ qarTulisa. 

89

90 

damowmebani: 

abulaZe 1973: abulaZe i. Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni. 1973. 

afridoniZe 1989: afridoniZe S. ilias stilisaTvis. _ qarTuli 

sityvis kulturis sakiTxebi. IX. 1989. 

Tofuria 1962: Tofuria v. leqsikoni. _ besiki. TxzulebaTa sruli 

krebuli. al. baramiZisa da v. Tofurias redaqciiT. 1962. 

inaniSvili 1984: inaniSvili r. mogonebaTa sami furceli. _ `qarTuli 

ena da literatura skolaSi~.1984. 

kvaWantiraZe 1984: kvaWantiraZe T. xmabaliani. _ `qarTuli ena da 

literatura skolaSi~. 1984. 

kiknaZe 1957: giorgi leoniZis poeturi stili. _ metyvelebis stilis 

sakiTxebi. 1957. 

koSoriZe 2005: koSoriZe e. Tamaz bibiluris `weliwadis droni~ 

(enobriv-stilistikuri analizi). _ mwerlis ena da stilis sakiTxebi. 

2005. 

koSoriZe 2004: koSoriZe e. giorgi leoniZis `natvris xis~ enisa da 

stilis sakiTxebi. _ `qarTuli sityvis kulturis sakiTxebi~. wigni me- 

12. 2004. 

leoniZe 2008: `mcxeTis mTebSi~. _ biblioTeka bavSvebisTvis. leoniZe 

g. natvris xe. poezia, proza. Tb.: `nakaduli~, 2008. 

leoniZe 2000: `vnaxoT, daRvindes maWari~ (saubari saxalxo poetTan): 

wignSi: leoniZe g. ole. Semdgeneli da redaqtori i. orjonikiZe. Tb.: 

2000. 

leoniZe 2000: `saqarTvelos cremlebi~ (Sedgenili nestan leoniZis 

mier). Tb.: 2000. 

margvelaSvili 1970: margvelaSvili g. adidebuli damwifebuli 

sicocxlis mexotbe. _ giorgi leoniZe. saiubileo krebuli. 1970. 

orbeliani 1965-1966: orbeliani s.-s. leqsikoni qarTuli. Txzulebani. 

t. IV1 — IV2, 1965-1966. 

saxokia 1967: saxokia T. xalxuri andazebi. 1967. 

saxokia 1979: saxokia T. qarTuli xatovani sityva-Tqmani. 1979. 

`fsalmuni~ 1983: `fsalmuni, daviTi~. _ mcxeTuri xelnawerebi. wigni 

gamosacemad moamzada da gamokvleva daurTo el. doCanaSvilma. 1983. 

qavTaraZe 1985: qavTaraZe v. qarTuli enis moxeuri kilo. Tb.: 

`mecniereba~, 1985. 

ZoweniZe 1974: ZoweniZe q. zemoimeruli leqsikoni. Tb.: 1974. 

WinWarauli 2005: WinWarauli a. xevsuruli leqsikoni. Tb.: `qarTuli 

ena~, 2005. 

WumburiZe 1962: WumburiZe z. àrsena marabdeli” (enobriv-stilistikuri 

etiudi). _ saliteraturo ena da mwerloba. 1962. 

xalxuri sibrZne 1965: andazebi, maxvilsityvaoba, gamocanebi. _ 

`xalxuri sibrZne~ xuT tomad. t. V. 1967.

sofio mujiri 

enis gaucxoeba germanulenovan eTnografiul 

poetikaSi 

Tanamedrove germanulenovan lirikaSi transkulturuli 

1 motivebis aqtualoba ukavSirdeba germaniaSi eTnikurad 

aragermanel avtorTa imigraciuli nakadis matebas da maTi 

TviTdamkvidrebisa da identobis mopovebis problemas. drois, 

sivrcisa da kulturaTa mijnaze pirovnebis adgilsamyofelisa 

da identobis gansazRvra am avtorTa liriuli Txrobis 

mTavar obieqts warmoadgens, romelSic ikveTeba qronologiurad 

gansazRvruli ori ZiriTadi tendencia. es tendenciebi 

erTmaneTs emijnebian identobis problemis gaazrebis 

doniT, poeturi teqstebis TematikiT da germanuli 

enis gamoxatulebisa da Sinaarsis planis erTeulebis saxecvlilebis 

intensiurobiT. pirveli Taobis imigrant poetTa 

leqsebis ZiriTadi Temebia: ìstoriuli~ samSoblos dakargviT 

da ùcxo~ samSobloSi sakuTari marginalobis SegrZnebiT 

gamowveuli gancdebi, garSemomyofTa gulgriloba da 

maTTan komunikaciisa da kontaqtis deficiti, duxWiri yofa, 

identobis krizisi da germanul kulturasa da identobasTan 

mikedlebis mcdeloba. problemaTa am fonze enobrivi transformaciebi 

naklebad aqtualuria. igi ufro daqvemdebarebul, 

àRweriT~ funqcias asrulebs, Tumca ukve ikveTeba 

germanulis rogorc poeziis enis standartul doneze dauflebis 

da am gziT germanul saliteraturo sivrceSi TviTdamkvidrebis 

tendencia. meore da mesame Taobis imigrant 

poetTa motivacia, Tezaurusi da TviTrealizaciis done 

Tvisebrivad icvleba: maTi erTi nawili Tavis leqsebSi 

cdilobs literaturuli xerxebis gamoyenebiT gansazRvros 

ùcxo~ germanul samyaroSi sakuTari adgili da identoba, 

meore nawili ki imave miznis misaRwevad eqsperimentis obieqtad 

aqcevs germanul enas _ maTi `sakuTari~ da ùcxo~ 

samyaros damakavSirebel mediums. germanul enas, romelic 

Tavad unda warmoadgendes liriuli aRweris sagans, es avtorebi 

iyeneben ara imdenad emociurad amaRlebuli grZnobebisa 

Tu gancdebis gadmosacemad, bunebisa Tu qalis silamazis 

xotbis Sesasxmelad, ramdenadac liriuli `me~-s Semecnebisa 

da reviziisaTvis, òri samyaros~ SuaSi moqceuli transkulturuli 

sivrcisa da am sivrceSi sakuTari adgilis 

91

efleqsiisaTvis. wina planzea wamoweuli rogorc ìstoriul~, 

aseve ùcxo~ samSobloSi ùcxod~ darCenis, gaucxoebis 

problema, rac avtors aiZulebs gaagrZelos permanentuli 

Zieba da migracia, Tumca amjerad ukve metaforuli gagebiT 

_ sakuTari cnobierebisa da germanuli enis wiaRSi. imigranti 

avtoris xedva, misi perspeqtiva moicavs ara mxolod 

mis sakuTar samyaros, aramed mis garemomcvel germanul 

sazogadoebasac, romlis erTi nawili mkveTrad emijneba 

yovelgvar ùcxos~, meore nawili cdilobs ùcxos~ integracias 

germanul sivrceSi, mesameni ki realurad miiCneven 

erTmaneTTan dapirispirebul kulturaTa Tanacxovrebas da 

hibriduli identobebis Camoyalibebas. germanul samyaroSi 

arsebobs meoTxe Tvalsazrisic, romelic calsaxad uWers 

mxars distinqtur, sawinaaRmdego polusebad aRqmul identobebs. 

am koncefciis mixedviT, subieqti da garesamyaro, 

umciresoba da umravlesoba, ùcxo~ da `sakuTari~ erTmaneTs 

ganapirobeben. isini erTi mTelis nawilebad unda iqnan 

aRqmuli da mxolod definiciurad erTmaneTisagan gamijnuli. 

subieqtisa da garesamyaros am ukanasknel models ufro 

progresulad miiCneven, Tumca is mainc ver aRwevs Tavs 

subieqtis `hibridizaciis~ dilemas. CamoTvlil poziciaTa 

siWrele ganapirobebs imigranti poetis `perspeqtivebis~ 

mudmiv cvlas, romelic mas erTi mxriv aiZulebs ìmoZraos 

or samyaros Soris~ _ ìstoriul~ da ùcxo’’ samSoblos Soris, 

meore mxriv ki saSualebas aZlevs mas Seimecnos rogorc 

sakuTari Tavi, aseve misi garemomcveli ùcxo~ samyaro. 

imigranti poetebi Tavisi SemecnebiTi potencialis gaSlis 

survils ase aJRereben: ùcxoeTTan Sexvedra _ sakuTar 

TavTan Sexvedraa ucxoeTSi~ (sarguT Solquni 2 ), `samyaros 

forebze xelis Sexebaa wyvdiadSi~, romelmac: `xidi unda 

gasdos Cemgan da Cemken~ (adel karaSoli 3 ). 

germanel-Turqi poetis zehra Ciraqis leqsSi `sxvisi 

TvalebiT~, 4 Tavs iCens erTgvari SiSi ùcxos~ winaSe da amave 

dros _ ùcxos~ tyavSi CaZromis, misi gagebis, masTan SeTvisebis 

survili. avtoris liriul `me~-s germaneli mezoblisaken 

aqvs mipyrobili Tvalebi, Tumca mas es leqsSi piriqiTa 

aqvs warmodgenili _ rogorc misken mimarTuli mzera 

mezoblisa. sityva `mzera~ avtorisaTvis `Secnobis~ metaforaa. 

Sesacnobi ki mdgomareobs `sakuTarisa~ da ùcxos~ rolebis 

gacvlaSi, maTi Tvalsazrisebis urTierTCanacvlebis 

SesaZleblobaSi: 

92

So zu sehen wie der Nachbar 

wenn er an seinem Fenster steht 

zu hören was er lauschen kann 

sozusagen wie er zu sein 

mit dem gleichen Hund spazieren gehen 

mit der gleichen Frau zu schlafen 

seine Angst vor mir zu haben 

und keine Angst vor ihm 

dem jeden Tag aus dem Weg zu gehen 

und die Türen leise schließen 

an solchen Tagen wie er zu sein 

mit den Augen eines anderen. 

msurs ise vxedavde 

rogorc sarkmelTan mdgari Cemi 

mezobeli 

mesmodes risi mosmenac 

misTvisaa SesaZlebeli 

Camovdiode saseirnod imave 

ZaRliT 

Tavs viwonebde yovel Rame imave 

qaliT 

gemo gavugo mis SiSs Cem mimarT 

da ara vgrZnobde Cems SiSs mis 

mimarT 

ridiT vuTmobde yoveldRe gzas 

da uxmaurod vxuravde kars 

aravis davrCe raimis valSi 

iseTi viyo rogorc is aris 

ùcxoTa~ TvalSi. 

imigranti poetis leqsSi qvecnobieradaa gamoxatuli 

dRevandeli globalizebuli samyaros maxasiaTebeli survili 

ucxo kulturis Semecnebisa da gagebisa, `sxvis~ sulSi 

wvdomisa. es tendencia sxvadasxva kulturaTa Soris komunikaciis 

daCqarebis sawindari da winapirobaa, romlisTvisac 

miuRebelia multikulturuli dialogis SeCereba da Seyovneba. 

rogorc Cans, es suliskveTeba leqsSi gamoxatulia 

impliciturad _ pauzebis (sasveni niSnebis) deficitiT, romelTa 

Soris gamonaklisi, umTavresad, mxolod leqsis bolos 

dasmuli wertilia. meore mxriv, musulman avtorsa da 

qristianuli samyaros warmomadgenels Soris rolebis 

gacvla garkveul safrTxesac SeiZleba Seicavdes. samyaros 

òrmagi xedva~ an sruliad gansxvavebuli ùcxo~ perspeqtivis 

gaTaviseba iwvevs orive kulturis distinqturi maxasiaTeblebis 

gamokveTas da aSiSvlebs maT azrs `gansxvavebulisa~ 

da ùcxos~ Sesaxeb, rac erTmaneTis winaSe gaucnobierebul 

SiSs badebs. 

ùcxos tyavSi yofnis~ survili igrZnoba Turquli 

warmoSobis poetis zafer Senojaqis leqsTa ciklSic: 

`cvalebadi Suq-Crdili~. avtoriseuli `me~ misi `Wvretis~ 

obieqtis samoss irgebs leqsSi: `Sen viTom me var~: 5 

93

du hast deinen Mantel vergessen letzte 

Nacht 

ich habe mich in ihm schlafen gelegt 

geträumt als wäre ich du 

am Morgan fand ich deine Hand 

im Mantel versteckt 

und legte meine dazu. 

94 

wuxel RamiT CemTan dagrCa 

mosasxami 

ZilSi ise Cavixute TiTqos viyav 

misi xami 

mesizmra rom `me~ viTom `Sen~-ad 

gadaviqeci 

mosasxamSi Cayril Sens xels 

movefere 

xeli vtace, radgan Tavad 

gameqeci. 

unda iTqvas, rom rogorc z. Ciraqi, aseve z. Senojaqi 

Tavis leqsebSi mxolod rolebis gacvlis xerxs ar mimar- 

Taven. maTTvis lirikis ena morfologiuri da sintaqsuri 

normis darRvevisa da saTqmelis Taviseburi gamoxatvis arenadaa 

qceuli: darRveulia winadadebaTa sintaqsuri konstruqciebi, 

adgili aqvs windebulebisa da nawilakebis 

gamotovebas, zmnis elifsiss, ugulebelyofilia sasveni niSnebi 

da sxv., rac avtoris intenciis mravalSriani dekodirebis 

saSualebas iZleva. 

xSirad, rolebisa da perspeqtivebis cvla, enobrivi Ziebebi 

Tu eqsperimentebi, gare samyarodan miRebuli negatiuri 

impulsebiTaa nasazrdoebi. am literaturuli xerxebis 

meSveobiT avtorebi cdiloben gansazRvron da Seafason sakuTari 

identoba ùcxo~ egzistencialur samyofelSi. rogorc 

Cans, z. Ciraqi momdevno leqsSi swored am mizniT irgebs 

sawinaaRmdego perspeqtivas _ igi dominanturi kulturis 

warmomadgenelTa TvaliT uyurebs migrantad wodebul 

liriul `me~-s, romelic rogorc `sxva, ùcxo~ identobis 

matarebeli, germaneli sazogadoebisaTvis mainc miuRebeli 

rCeba. leqsSi asaxuli kulturaTa Soris komunikaciis deficiti 

gamoyenebulia realur sinamdvileSi am mwvave sakiTxis 

gansaxilvelad da am gziT, migrant subieqtsa da mis gare 

samyaros Soris mimarTebebis dasaregulireblad. sityvaTa 

damarcvlis meSveobiT leqsSi demonstrirebulia, Tu rogor 

SeiZleba danawevrdes da martiv Semadgenlebad daiSalos 

rogorc sityva `migranti~, aseve migrantad wodebuli 

pirovneba:

Ein gehend Stück barfüß 

einlaufend fürbaß 

Ein Wanderer 

ein Wand er er 

ein Wander er 

Einwand erer 

Einwander er 

Einwanderer 

Ein – 

w 

aderer. 

erTi raRac mimavali fexSiSvelis 

Camosulis karis amtalaxebelis 

erTi raRac mimavali fexSiSvelis 

Camosulis karis amtalaxebelis 

moxetialis 

erTi mo xe tial is 

erTi muSa _ moxetia lis 

STamomavlobiTi protesti 

es migranti 

moxetial i 

erTi _ 

m 

tiali. 20 

leqsSi sityva: èin Wanderer~ (moxetiale, migranti) morfologiuradaa 

puantirebuli da danawevrebuli, rac iwvevs 

sxva sityvaTa mniSvnelobebis, maTi grafikuli Tu Sinaarsobrivi 

xatis asociacias da Sesabamisi konotaciebis gaCenas. 

avtoris mier migrantis dasaxasiaTeblad Seqmnili, okazionaluri 

sityva `barfüß~ asocirdeba rogorc sityva `bar~- 

Tan (fexSiSveli), aseve sityva `füßer~-Tan (cocxali arseba, 

romelsac ganusazRvreli raodenobis fexebi SeiZleba gaaCndes). 

bwkarSi: `STamomavlobiTi protesti~ avtoris mier 

aseve Segnebuladaa gamoyenebuli okazionalizmi èrer~, romelsac 

marTalia mniSvneloba ar gaaCnia, magram iwvevs sityva 

èrerben~-is (`memkvidreobiT miRebuli~) pirveli nawilis 

asociacias da mianiSnebs migrantis Seupovar da gamtan bunebaze. 

sityva `migranti~-is (`Wanderer~) damarcvlis Sedegad 

ikveTeba misi Semadgeneli nawilebis mniSvneloba: èin Wand er 

er~ (ìs — migranti _ kedels ejaxeba~), riTac avtori imas usvams 

xazs, rom `migranti’’ ejaxeba nacionalisturi mentalitetis 

kedels, romelic xels uSlis mis asimilaciasa da integracias 

germanul sazogadoebaSi. (qarTul TargmanSi sityva 

`mo xe tial is~ damarcvlis Sedegad gamoyofili marcvali 

iTargmneba rogorc `xe~ da ara rogorc `kedeli~). 

leqsis finalur nawilSi sityva Èin w anderer~-is (TargmanSi: 

èrTi _m tiali~) dayofa-gaxleCis Sedegad gamoiyofa sityva: 

ànderer~ (`sxva~, ùcxo~), rogorc migrantis Tanmdevi 

daRi. 

z. Ciraqis momdevno leqsSi refleqsiis sagani germanuli 

enis `gaTamaSebis~ SesaZleblobebia poetis Semoqmedebis 

usasrulo procesSi. am leqsiT avtori informacias gvawvdis 

ara mxolod filmis gadaRebisa da `Rvinisa da qalis 

95

dagemovnebis~ Sesaxeb, aramed germanuli enis `xeliT mosinjvis~, 

misi `Sexebis~ SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb. leqsSi Segnebuladaa 

aRreuli sityvaTa (die Kamera, der Film) mdedrobiTi 

da mamrobiTi sqesis artiklebi, gamoyenebuli leqsika da 

frazeologia orazrovania da ormagi interpretaciis saSualebas 

iZleva. 

der Kamera die Film 

was ausgewachsene Freiheit 

Abtastversuche probeweise 

Weinprobe – Weiberprobe 

der Kamera die Film (...) 

im Großformat auf den Runkt gebracht 

seitenweise und spiegelverkehrt 

so durchsichtig ist der blaue Himmel 

die Kamera der Film 

Augen überall soweit das Blickfeld 

reicht (...) 

die Kameras dem Film 

eine Welle überschlägt die andere 

bis zur nächsten 

keiner behält die beste Aussicht 

einer stellt sich vorne dran 

und sieht alles 

der Kamera die Film (...) 

96 

(mamri) kamera (mdedri) filmi, 

esaa xibli _ 

xeliT Sexebis uflebis 

Tavawyvetili Tavisuflebis 

Rvinis da qalis dagemovnebis 

(mamr) kameras (mdedri) filmi 

(...) 

TavgamodebiT (farTo 

formatSi) 

ahyavs eqstazSi 

xan mxaris xan profilis 

SecvliT 

xan ki anfazSi 

ra gamWvirvalea cisferi zeca! 

(mamri) filmi (mdedri) kameriT 

ukidegano TvalsawieriT, 

irgvliv TvalebiT (...) 

films kamerebma 

gadauares rogorc talRebma 

verc erTi inarCunes ukeTes 

xeds 

erTi maTgani ver urigdeba beds 

win gasvlas bedavs 

da yvelafers xedavs 

(mamri) kamera (mdedri) filmi 

(...) 18 

enobriv eqsperiments iSviaTad Tu iyenebs vinme ise aqtiurad, 

rogorc andaluzieli espanur/germanulenovani lirikosi 

Joze f. a. oliveri. igi gamudmebiT qmnis axal sityvebs, 

suraT-xatebsa da kompozitebs, romelTa Targmna 

gamocdili mTargmnelisTvisac ki metad rTul amocanas warmoadgens. 

misi erT-erTi aseTi leqsia: `sityvis povna 20 

ivliss~. 19 

totenteller, wachsmaulversiegelt 

den widerlauten wortkörpern zu: 

gehörig // leibbuch neuweiß: nach- 

ruf auf dem weg ins gedächtnis 

mkvdarTa langrebi sanTliT 

pirdaluquli 

antibgerebi frazaTa sxeuls 

Sekedlebuli:

schneemantel / “es sprießen immerfort 

die sanften / Toten“ [Mayröcker] wie 

sanfter schutz, schneemantel. (...) 

s-schleife / z-kurve ins süd- 

gestickte monogramm / flügelnetz 

auf dem kopfkissen, pfauenauge – 

(hemdsärmlige nacht) barfüßig 

später: samenlinnen / “Nueva York 

en un poeta” 

von tod zu tod wiederholung 

machleid. 

Celan, abstumm wie? 

abstammen – fällt mir ein: 

gaststumm und rindenriß der Feme- 

Eiche 

nachfurchen mit dem zeigefinger, mit 

dem schneezeigefinger fürchten (furcht 

/ 

von innen her auszutrocknen) dann 

lindenkoscher blattherbsten: (...) 

maTi megzuria // sicocxlis 

axali TeTri wigni da 

xsovnis gzaze _ nekrologi, 

Tovlis mantia. (...) 

Cveni mfarveli saTno sulebis 

xsnelTa samosSi mosili 

micvalebulebis 

xsovna naTelSi maradiul 

lamprad anTia 

mas gars artyia Tovlis mantia. 

(...) 

samxreTisaken! 

S-serpantini / z-mosaxvevi _ 

mis amoqargul monogramaSi rom 

gaexvevi / 

CaiZirebi yurTbaliSis frTaTa 

badeSi, 

STainTqmevi farSevangis Tvalukun 

RameSi 

mere ki sadRac fexSiSvela 

moxetialed daikargebi. 

mogvianebiT: daiwyeba TeslTa 

Zieba / 

`Nueva York en un poeta” 

codva-godebis gameoreba, 

sikvdilTa wyebis gamoZieba. 

celano, ucxo stumariviT 

rogor dagadumes? 

sakuTari warmoSobiT TevziviT 

gagaCumes 

saCvenebeli TiTiT Temidas 

saswors bzari gauCines, 

Tovlis saCvenebeli TiTiT 

daRares da SeaSines. 

(SiSiT Sinaganad mTlianad 

gamofites) 

Semdeg ki cacxvs namdvili 

Semodgomis foTolcvenis 

Jami dauyenes (...) 

leqsis dekodirebis procesSi bgerebisa da sityvebis mocemuli 

semantikiTa da TanmimdevrobiT nel-nela izrdeba 

daZabuloba iqmneba semantikuri kompresiebi. sityvebi aliteraciebiT, 

xmovnebiTa da difTongebiTaa (au, ö, u, o) erTma- 

97

neTTan gadajaWvuli. sityvaTa semantikuri konstelaciebi 

iwveven istoriuli faqtebis (holokostis) asociaciebs, 

Cndeba maTTan dakavSirebuli esTetikuri inovaciebi da 

okazionaluri axalwarmonaqmnebi (`Tovlis mantia _ 

saCvenebeli TiTi _ Tovlis saCvenebeli TiTi~). bgeraTa 

nakadi iqceva Sinagan monologad, romelic gadaqceulia 

poetis Sinagani da garemomcveli samyaros makavSirebel mediumad. 

enobrivi cnobiereba migraciis problemis refleqsiadaa 

qceuli. 

migraciis sakiTxis verbaluri refleqsiis sferoSi gadatana, 

avtors òrmagi xedvisa’’ da identobis sakiTxis Tematizebis 

saSualebas aZlevs. leqsSi: `wasuli da Camosuli~ 9 z. 

Ciraqi svams kiTxvas, Tu ra emarTeba migrantis fesvebs _ mis 

`Zvel~ identobas? 

Was geschieht mit den Wurzeln 

wollen sie alle der Erde müde 

in den Himmel ragen? 

oder gehen sie wandern zum Glück 

und schlagen sich in Biegungen nieder 

auf Stellen die gerade verlassen. 

98 

ra mosdiT fesvebs 

miwa mobezrdaT da zecisken 

iwvdian mklavebs? 

an iqneb undaT bedis saZebrad 

ixetialon, 

wreSi iaron da imav adgils 

daenarcxon 

erTi wuTis win rom miatoves. 

dasmul kiTxvas igi Tavad scems pasuxs momdevno leqsiT: 

Meine Wurzeln haben Knoten 

die sind mir unterwegs gebunden 

überall wo Blüten sich sehen möchten 

wird aus dem Spazier – ein Wurzelstock 

ungeborgen fühle ich mich nicht 

nur die Klimazonen schwanken 

dakvirtebula Cemi fesvebi 

me es kvirtebi gzebma Semabes 

sadac Sevyovndi flirti gaabes 

Cemma xeljoxma fesvi gaidga 

da aqauri suli Caidga 

Tumca Tavs ucxod ar vgrZnobdi 

magram 

sxva geozonis amindi idga. 

aq avtoris warmosaxviTi `me~ mgzavris rolSia, romelsac 

yvela sasurvel adgilze SeuZlia SeCereba da `fesvis 

gadgma~. sakuTar TavTan gamarTuli dialogi liriul `me~-s 

TiTqosda siucxovisagan icavs. igi aqaur suls idgams (sityvasityviT: 

`mas Sinagani daculobis grZnoba aqvs~), miuxedavad 

imisa, rom `klimaturi zona~ (TargmanSi: geozona) gansxvavebuli 

da `meryevia~. migranti avtoris mSobliuri fesvebi 

misi warmosaxviTi mogzaurobis dros nairfer kvirtebs 

isxamen, romlebic mis identobas hibridul Tvisebebs, mis 

enas ki _ transkulturul elfers sZenen.

zehra Ciraqis azriT, ùcxoobis~ gamocdileba da gancda 

SeiZleba bevrs gaaCndes, magram poetis Sinagan samyaros aqvs 

gansakuTrebuli moTxovnileba imisa, rom gaacnobieros 

sakuTari cxovrebis gza warmosaxviTi migraciis meSveobiT. 

ùcxos~ aRqma dinamiuri procesia, romelic TavisTavad 

gamoricxavs dogmatur azrovnebas da ùcxo~-s stereotipebis 

Camoyalibebas. leqsSi: `voiaJeri~, 7 liriuli gmirisaTvis 

aseve Sinagan aucileblobadaa qceuli ucxo qveynebSi 

mogzauroba, Tumca sinamdvileSi esaa liriuli `me~-s warmosaxviTi 

mogzauroba sakuTar TavSi, rac qmnis winapirobas 

realuri mogzaurobis wamowyebisaTvis: 

Die Augendeckel schliessen 

mit dem Wissen 

alles ist eingepackt 

die Zeit der Ort der Umstand 

Eine Mücke ist in den Kopf geraten 

einfach durch das Auge 

sie summt sie kreist sie sticht. 

TvalTa sarqveli daSvebulia 

dro, adgili da garemoeba 

vici rom ukve Calagebulia. 

Tvali rom mqonda Ria 

maSin SemiZvra TavSi 

mogzaurobis Wia 

ikbineba da wrialebs 

wuis, tvinSi mitrialebs. 

es abezari Wia (koRo), romelic mosvenebas ar aZlevs avtoriseul 

`me~-s, gare samyarodan SemoWrili impulsi da amave 

dros misi sakuTari mousvenari xasiaTia, romelic mas 

gamudmebiT Semecnebis Saragzaze mierekeba. es `Wia~ misi 

ègo~-s nawili, misi arsebobis bunebrivi mdgomareoba da misi 

pozitiuri gamocdilebaa. avtors ar surs masTan ganSoreba 

da realur yofiT samyarosTan pirispir darCena. 

sirieli poetis adel karaSolis momdevno leqsSi ki dominirebs 

ùcxoze~ Seqmnili stereotipi. liriuli `me~ negatiurad 

aRiqvams ùcxo xafangs~ da aRmosavluri sibrZniT 

gvmoZRvravs, Tu rogor unda davaRwioT Tavi mis tyveobas. 

Laß das Fremde dich nicht fangen 

In seinem Netz 

Sieh den andern lange an und langsam 

Die Vergänglichkeit des fremden 

Augenblicks 

Greift dann ratlos nicht mehr 

Durch dich hindurch. 

mTeli sidinjiT da gulisyuriT 

Tvali adevne ucxo samyaros 

rom ar gagabas Tavis badeSi 

da ar gagijdes Zvalsa da 

rbilSi 

ucxo samSoblos gautanloba 

da ucxo wamis warmavaloba. 6 

Joze f. a. oliveris leqsSi ùcxo~, 8 gmiris warmosaxviTi 

Sinagani da garegani samyaroebis gadakveTaze, qreba dapirispireba 

ùcxosa~ da `sakuTars~ Soris. avtors surs 

ùcxo~ sakuTar TavSi Seimecnos: 

99

100 

von außen 

suche ich Verständnis 

für das Fremde 

ohne 

mich zu erinnern 

an das Fremde 

im Innern 

Cems gareT vcdilob 

gavugo ucxos 

imas ver vxvdebi 

rom igi CemSi 

sakuTar `me~-Si 

unda veZebo. 

òrmagi xedva~ da perspeqtivaTa monacvleoba, romlebic 

Sedegia ùcxo~ samyaroSi aragermaneli poetis xangrZlivi 

yofnisa, TavisTavad gamoricxaven mis mier calsaxa identobis 

mopovebis SesaZleblobas. swored amitom imigrant 

avtorTa leqsebSi figurirebs realuri sinamdvilis miRma 

mdgari hibriduli subieqti _ avtoris TviTCanaxati. is 

aRaraa identobis maZiebeli, aramed ormagad gaucxoebuli, 

sxvadasxva perspeqtivebs Soris meryevi subieqti. is aRarc 

kritikuli da aRarc diplomatiuri dialogis iniciatoria, 

aramed Camoyalibebuli dapirispirebis miRma mdgari 

pirovnebaa, romelsac axleburi xedva aqvs SeZenili. `hibridi~ 

avtoris liriuli Txrobis sagani ùcxoa~ rogorc germanelebisaTvis, 

aseve Tavad avtorisaTvis, radgan is Sualedur 

kulturul paradigmaSia moqceuli, romelSic warsulisa 

da awmyos, ìstoriuli~ da ùcxo samSoblos~ dislokacia 

ènobrivi TamaSis~ sagnadaa qceuli. aseT liriul teqstebSi 

germanuli ena emsaxureba ara imigrantTa usamSobloobisa 

da identobis problemis asaxvas, aramed maTi `gaucxoebis~, 

`hibridizaciis~ da òrenovnebis~ aRweras. amasTan, 

realuri gaucxoebis problema Canacvlebulia àbstraqtuli 

gaucxoebis~ fenomeniT _ gaurkveveli `Sualeduri sivrciT~. 

swored am sivrcis dakaveba surT imigrant poetebs, 

radgan isini veRarc ìstoriul~ da veRarc ùcxo~ samSobloSi 

ver grZnoben Tavs kargad. isini zogjer poeziis sagnad 

aqceven mSoblebis imigraciamdel `gaucxoebas~ sakuTar sam- 

SobloSi, romlebmac iseve iwvnies iq ucxoobisa da gamijnulobis 

gemo, rogorc ùcxo~ samSobloSi. aqtualuri xdeba 

Sualedur sivrceSi òr skams~ Soris _ ìstoriul~ da 

ùcxo~ samSoblos Soris moZraobis Tema, romelic realurad 

gadmoscems maT sulier mdgomareobasa da yofas. 

Joze f. a. oliveri cdilobs qronikuli gaucxoebis 

grZnobas pozitiuri finali mouZebnos leqsSi: `skamebi~: 10

Stühle bauen 

Stühle besetzen 

Stühle bekämpfen 

Stühle umwerfen 

Zwischen den Stühlen 

land erobern 

Stuhllos leben 

zwischen den Stühlen 

lebt die Möglichkeit 

in Bewegung zu bleiben. 

skamebis ageba 

skamebis dakaveba 

skamebis gadalaxva 

da gadayiraveba 

maT Soris sivrcis 

Zieba da mopoveba 

uskamod cxovreba 

gvrCeba ufleba SevinarCunoT 

skamebs Soris moZraobis Tavisufleba. 

rogorc am striqonebidan vgebulobT, `skamebs Soris 

sivrceSi~ yofnis poziciuri mxare swored imaSi mdgomareobs, 

rom avtors maT Soris Tavisuflad moZraoba SeuZlia: 

is araa mijaWvuli erT romelime kulturas, romlis gadasaxedidanac 

`sxva~, ùcxo~ kulturis pasiuri WvretiT dakmayofildeboda. 

avtorisaTvis ùcxos~ aRqma dinamiuri procesia, 

romlis drosac rogorc ùcxo~ subieqti, aseve dominanturi 

kulturis obieqti (skami) poziciebs icvlian. imigrant 

poetTa umravlesoba skeptikuradaa ganwyobili calsaxa 

identobis modelis mimarT, am ukanasknelis Sinagani konstruqciis 

simyifisa da sisustis gamo. amitom isini iswrafvian 

metaforuli suraT-xatebiT aRweron kulturul horizontebs 

Soris ganfenili Sualeduri sivrce, radgan àr 

ician, Tu sad unda iyvnen sinamdvileSi~. ìsini ar imyofebian 

iq, sadac arian~, maT enas samSoblo ar gaaCnia~ (laslo kSiba). 11 

magram yvela ver axerxebs Sualedur sivrceSi damkvidrebas. 

mravali leqsi qceulia izolaciisagan miyenebuli 

sulieri tkivilis qronikad, romelic xan konkretuli leqsikiT, 

xan ki abstraqtuli perifrazirebiT aRwers poetis 

avtobiografiuli xasiaTis gancdebs. lirika iZens sakuTari 

Tavisadmi miwerili werilis an sakuTar TavTan gamarTuli 

warmosaxviTi dialogis damatebiT funqcias. arabi poetis 

nevfel kumartis leqsSi: òr samyaros Soris~ 12 Catexilia 

ori kulturis SemaerTebeli xidi, ris gamoc liriuli `me~ 

oradaa gaxleCili: 

Zwischen 

zwei 

Welten 

inmitten 

unendlicher 

Einsamkeit 

möchte 

ich eine Brücke sein 

ori 

samyaros 

Soris 

SuaSi 

da usasrulo 

martoobaSi 

msurs xidad viqce 

magram 

101

102 

Doch 

kann ich 

kaum Fuß fassen 

an dem einen Ufer 

vom anderen 

löse ich mich 

immer mehr 

Die Brücke bricht 

droht mich 

zu zerreißen 

in der Mitte. 

ver vwvdebi 

meore napirs da 

ar vici 

rogor moviqce. 

napiri mcildeba 

xidi tydeba 

da welSi gawyvetiT memuqreba 

imigranti poetis sulieri da fizikuri tkivili klasikuradaa 

formulirebuli zafer Senojaqis leqsSi: _ `fexebiT 

or planetaze vdgebi~, 13 romelSic Tematizebulia or 

samyaros, or enas Soris meryeobis problema: 

Ich habe meine Füße auf zwei Planeten 

wenn sie sich in Bewegung setzen 

zerren sie mich mit 

ich falle 

ich trage zwei Welten in mir 

aber keine ist ganz 

sie bluten ständig 

die Grenze verläuft 

mitten durch meine Zunge. 

ich rüttle daran wie ein Häftling 

das Spiel an einer Wunde. 

fexebiT or planetaze vdgebi 

isini moZraobas rom iwyeben 

Suaze vixliCebi da vvardebi 

CemSi or samyaros vatareb 

or sisxlmden Wrilobad 

davatareb 

radgan arc erTi araa mTeli 

maT Soris sazRvari enas Suaze 

miyofs minawevrebs. 

magram mas mainc Zalas vatan, ar 

vaCereb 

ise rogorc patimari ar asvenebs 

Tavis mtkivan iarebs. 

z. Senojaqis leqsi mianiSnebs nebismieri migraciis hibridul 

finalze, rasac igi globalizebuli samyaros universalur 

kanonad aRiqvams. 

migrant avtorebs ena aRar miaCniaT im substanciad, 

romelic mxolod homogenuri identobis asaxvas unda emsaxurebodes. 

ena maT leqsebSi gaorebisa da hibridulobis 

gamoxatvis saSualebaa. adel karaSoli leqsSi: `Caxutebuli 

meridianebi~, 14 warmogvidgens hibridul pirovnul models, 

romelic Sualedur sivrceSi, enobriv identobaTa arCevanis 

winaSe dgas. 

In zwei Sprachen bildet sich der Satz 

In zwei Welten greifen die Hände 

Im Traum spricht in Deutsch mit mir die 

Mutter 

In Arabisch mein sächsisch Weib. 

winadadeba or enaze ibadeba, 

Cemi xelebi or samyaros 

ebRauWeba, 

sizmarSi deda mesaubreba 

germanulad 

cxadSi _ saqsoneli coli 

arabulad.

aq saxezea sxvadasxva kulturis warmomadgenelTa enobrivi 

identobebis hibriduli aRreva. kulturulad da enobrivad 

gaorebuli liriuli `me~ ormagadaa gaucxoebuli. 

avtori TiTqosda enaTa gadakveTis hibridul gzajvaredinzea 

mijaWvuli, rac mas transkulturuli xedvis unars ani- 

Webs da tradiciuli germanuli konvencionalizmidan aTavisuflebs. 

rogorc a. karaSolis, aseve n. kumartis pozicia 

momdevno leqsSi: ènis Sesaxeb~ 15 upirispirdeba germaniaSi 

me-19 saukunidan damkvidrebul, `nacionaluri identobis 

grZnobad~ wodebul koncepts: `kulturis, enisa da religiis 

erTianobis~ Sesaxeb da kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayenebs `sakuTarisa~ 

da ùcxos~ gammijvnel tradicias. orive leqsSi Tematizebuli 

mravalenovani identobis sakiTxi, mainc germanuli 

enis sasargeblodaa gadaWrili: 

die sprache meiner eltern 

ist arabisch 

heimlich nur gesprochen 

die sprache ihres landes 

ist türkisch 

gesprochen auf der straße 

in der geborgten heimat 

ist deutsch 

die sprache meiner gedichte. 

Cemi mSoblebis ena arabulia 

masze Cumad saubroben 

misi qveynis ena Turqulia 

romelzec quCaSi laparakoben 

qveyanaSi, romelsac SeveTvise 

germanulia 

ena Cemi leqsebisa. 

italieli lirikosis franko biondis leqsSi: ènis war- 

Tmeva I~, 16 germanuli ena warmodgenilia rogorc kulturul 

identobebs Soris aRmarTuli barieri da mkacri germanuli 

xasiaTis indikatori: 

Nicht die Sprache 

hält uns auseinander 

der Zaun lebt 

im Zeigefinger 

er grenzt dich und mich ab 

auf dem Boden der 

Gebrauchsanweisungen 

und entwurzelt jeden Konflikt 

jede Begegnung. 

mxolod ena ki ar aris 

Cveni damaSorebeli barieri 

saCvenebel TiTSi CaiSenes 

sasazRvro jebiri ganieri 

romelsac surs 

`moxmarebis wesis~ bazaze 

me da Sen erTmaneTs dagvacilos 

da rogorc yoveli konfliqti 

aseve erTmaneTTan Sexvedra 

Tavidan agvacilos. 

aragermanel poetTa germaniis multikulturul sivrce- 

Si imigraciam gamoiwvia ara mxolod maTi pirovnuli xasiaTisa 

da enobrivi identobis hibridizacia, aramed maTi 

religiuri gaoreba da religiuri msoflaRqmis Secvla. 

103

z. Ciraqis leqsSi `lodinis Jami~ 17 saubaria ori religiis 

sxvadasxva dResaswaulze, romelTagan zogi `moZraobs~ (sityvasityviT: 

`mogzaurobs~), zogi ki mudam `myarad zis~ kalendris 

furclebze. avtoris mier aseTi leqsikis gamoyeneba 

uneburad iwvevs `moZravi imigrantisa~ da ùZravi~ anu 

germaniaSi safuZvlianad, myarad damkvidrebuli biurgeris 

asociacias. avtoris hibriduli `me,~ orive religiis dResaswaulTa 

gamaerTianebel idead asaxelebs iseT kulturul 

universalias, rogoricaa baxis `maTes vnebebi~: 

104 

zwischen den Feiertagen 

zweier Religionen 

die einen wandern im Kalender 

die anderen sitzen darin fest 

einmal fragte ich 

ob Karfreitag immer 

an einem Freitag 

schon gut schon gut 

Doch das Schönste am Karfreitag ist 

daß es die Bachsche 

Matthäuspassion noch gibt 

und beim Opferfest 

will ich sie wieder hören 

Von Ramadan bis Weihnachten 

ein süßer Warteraum. 

ori religiis dResaswaulebidan 

kalendris furclebze zogi 

moZravia 

zogi ki myarad uZravi 

erTxel vikiTxe, Tu emTxveoda 

wiTeli paraskevi 

yovelTvis paraskev dRes. 

mipasuxes: kargiao, kargi es. 

magram yvelaze kargi wiTel 

paraskevs mainc is aris 

rom jer arsebobs `maTes 

vnebebi~ baxis 

dResaswaulze _ msxverplad 

Sewirvis 

kvlav imedi maqvs misi mosmenis 

ramadanidan qristeSobamde Jami 

savsea am tkbili molodinis 

siamiT. 

transkulturulad orientirebuli migrant avtorTa arsebobas 

mudam Tan sdevs perspeqtivebis, poziciebisa da msoflmxedvelobis 

cvla, rac maT liriul teqstebSic ileqeba. imigranti poetebi 

cdilobens yovel konkretul sametyvelo situacias moargon enis 

gamoyenebis usasrulod mravalferovani SesaZleblobebi. esaa maTi 

ucxoeTTan da ucxo enasTan permanentuli SerkinebiT ganpirobebuli 

Sedegi da strategia. isini uaryofen calmxriv identobas, 

romelic ar tovebs Tavisufal sasunTq sivrces arc `sakuTaris- 

Tvis~ da arc ùcxosTvis~. Tavis leqsTa krebulis biografiul 

danarTSi (`frTebis damWeri~) z. Ciraqi gvimxels, rom mas aRar surs 

iyos `tipuri Turqi~ an gaxdes `tipuri germaneli~. rac mas namdvilad, 

mTeli Tavisi arsebiT surs, esaa `Tavisufali sasicocxlo 

sivrce~: ìs siamovnebiT gaiRviZebda iatakze gaSlil Wilofze 

iaponeliviT, isauzmebda inglisurad, CineliviT TavdadebiT imuSavebda 

da frangiviT guldagul isadilebda, romaeliviT banaobiT 

ijerebda guls, bavarieliviT bevrs imogzaurebda, afrikeliviT

icekvebda, indoeliviT spilos zurgze CitiviT Semoskupuls CamoeZineboda 

da sizmarSi... warmat bosfors ixilavda. 21 

hibridi avtorebi sxvadasxva enis Svilebi arian da sxvadasxvagvarad 

ixseneben dakargul `mTlianobas~, magram yoveli maTgani 

inarCunebs da amkvidrebs mentalur Tu verbalur azrovnebas germanulenovan 

eTnografiul poetikaSi 

damowmebani: 

velSi 1997: Welsch W. “Transkulturalität. Die veränderte Verfassung heutiger 

Kulturen”, in: Texte zur Wirtschaft und zur Wissenschaft”, 28.2.1997, internetSi: 

http://www.tzw.biz/www/home/article.php?p_if=409 Juni 2006, Abschnitt III. Zu 

Möglichkeiten und Funktionen literarischer Modellierung von Transkulturalität am 

Beispiel zweisprachiger Texte der Goethezeit. 

volfgang velSis mixedviT cneba `transkulturuli~ gulisxmobs 

kulturis iseT gagebas, romelic aRar efuZneba homogenurobis konstruqts 

_ nacionaluri kulturebis tradiciul koncepts, aramed 

emyareba kulturuli identobis arahomogenur, hibridul gagebas, 

romlis Tanaxmad, `sakuTarma~ swored ùcxo~ kulturis elementebi unda 

Seisisxlxorcos. es koncepti uaryofs kulturaTa urTierTdapirispirebul 

opoziciebs da kulturuli gamijvnis mcdelobebs. 

karaSoli 1984: Karasholi A “Daheim in der Fremde. Gedichte”. Halle, Leipzig: 

1984. 

karaSoli 1995: Karasholi A “Also sprach Abdulla. Gedichte“. München: 1995. 

karaSoli 1999: Carasholi A “Umarmung der Meridiane”, in: “Wenn Damaskus nicht 

wäre. Gedichte”, München: 1999. 

kumarti 1985: Cumart N. “Zwischen zwei welten”. S. 6. in: “Herz in der Schlinge” 

1985. Stade. 

kSiba 2001: Csiba L. “Das Komma in der Milch. Prosa und Gedichte”, Halle: 2001. 

oliveri 1997: Oliver J. F. A.“Fremd”, in: “Auf-Bruch”, 4 Aufl. Berlin: 1997, S. 13. 

oliveri 1997: Oliver J. F. A. “Stühle”, in: “Auf-Bruch: Lyrik”, 4 Aufl. Berlin: 1997, 

S. 54. 

Senojaqi 2005: Şenocak Z. Wechselnde Lichtverhältnisse I”, in: Übergang. Ausgewählte 

Gedichte 1980-2005”, München: 2005, S. 71. 

Senojaqi 2005: Şenocak Z.“Ich habe meine Füße auf zwei Planeten”, in: “Übergang. 

Ausgewählte Gedichte 1980-2005”, BerlinL 2005, S. 147. 

Solquni 2000: Şölçün S. “Literatur der türkischen Minderheit” in: Carmine Chiellino 

(Hg.): “Interkulturelle Literatur in Deutschland. Ein Handbuch”, Stuttgart, Weimar 2000, 

S. 142. 

Ciraqi 1994: Çirak Z.“ “Ab – und Zugezogenes”, in: “Fremde Flügel auf eigener 

Schulter. Gedichte:, Köln: 1994, S. 32. 

Ciraqi 1999: Çirak Z.“Voyageur”, in: Joachim Lottmann (Hg): Kanaksta. Geschichten 

von Deutschen und anderen Ausländern. Mit einem Vorwort von Feridun Zaimoglu”, 

Berlin: 1999, S. 101. 

Ciraqi 2006: Çirak Z. Mit den Augen eines anderen: http://www.juergen-walter.com/ 

web_tauglich/zusammenarbeit_mit_zehra_çirak.html Juni 2006. 

105

maia naWyebia 

106 

`qeTevanis wigni~ 

(erTi leqsis analizi) 

saqarTvelos istorias giorgi leoniZis poeziaSi gansakuTrebuli 

adgili ukavia _ igi mTel mis poezias msWvalavs. 

`qarTlis cxovreba~ poetis ganuyreli sakiTxavi wignia 

da mas araerTi leqsi miuZRvna _ `wigni `qarTlis cxovreba~, 

`minaweri qarTlis cxovrebaze~, `me vkiTxulobdi 

`qarTlis cxovrebas~. giorgi leoniZis poeziis saxeobrivpoetur 

sistemaSi farTodaa warmodgenili qarTul qronikaSi 

asaxuli epizodebi da istoriuli pirebi. 1941 wels 

daiwera giorgi leoniZis ori leqsi _ `did Tamars~ da 

`daviT aRmaSenebels~. orive leqsi amkobs da xotbas asxams 

saqarTvelos istoriis am or udides figuras, am or leqss 

saerTo, saxotbo intonacia aerTianebs, orive maJorul tonebSia 

dawerili. 1943 wels ki did istoriul pirovnebaTa 

Temaze Seqmnil leqsebs kidev erTi leqsi emateba. es aris 

`qeTevanis wigni~. igi sruliad gansxvavebulia rogorc tonalobiT, 

ise mxatvruli saxeebis sistemiT. leqsi rvamarcvliania, 

igi aTi strofisgan Sedgeba. mogvyavs sruli 

teqsti: 

qeTevanis wigni 

saqarTvelos muzeumSi inaxeba xelnaweri 

locvani, qeTevan dedoflis tyveobaSi naqoni. 

wignis furclebs dResac atyvia cremlis 

laqebi da erTgan sisxlis nawveTali. 

Ramea, sul wvims. gana cas 

amdeni unda ewvima? 

guli SemikrTo uecriv 

aCrdilma gadmoxvewilma. 

dedoflis SesamoselSi 

xelT wigni gamoatara, 

vici, wignebSi sitkboa, 

rad mwvavs es wigni patara? 

an misi xelsi aReba 

ram unda gamabedinos? 

zed cremlis laqa acxia... 

viRacas unda etirnos!

vici, vinc aris patroni, 

an wigni visac xlebia, 

misi mimkrTali furclebi 

simwariT ikurcxlebian. 

rac ver dawera kalamma, 

albaT cremlma sTqva malulma, 

samSoblos fiqrze sakanSi, 

irans, tyved gadaCqmalulma. 

ra daitira, ras gvetyvis 

dedoflis cremlis naRvenTi? 

Tu moinatra Soridan 

Tavisi tkbili kaxeTi? 

am wignze TvalTa giSrebis 

yoveli dawamwameba 

fiqriT iwvoda, viT zidos 

man momavali wameba. 

SanTiT, marwuxiT daxliCes, 

gaziT uflijes ZuZuni, 

yornebs miugdes saWmelad, 

aTas xmliT gadakuwuli. 

aTasi elvis naTeli 

dedoflis saxe yofila. 

o, ra Tvalebi... qarTlisTvis 

sikvdiliT gadaRobilan. 

ar masveneben, sul mdeven, 

is ganieri Tvalebi... 

patara wigni saube, 

zed wignis nawveTalebi... 

leqsis epigrafidan Cans, Tu raoden didi STabeWdileba 

mouxdenia poetze `locvanis~ naxvas, romelSic man qeTevan 

dedoflis mTeli tragikuli istoria amoikiTxa. `cremlis 

laqebi~ da `sisxlis nawveTalebi~ _ ukve am oTx sityvaSi 

ikiTxeba avtoris Sinagani gancdis siZliere, romelic Semdeg 

poetur striqonebad iqca. 

ama Tu im saxis metyvelebis procesi gulisxmobs adamianis 

Cayenebas ama Tu im mdgomareobaSi. metyvelebis ama Tu 

im saxeobas win uswrebs adamianis adamianis garkveuli mdgomareoba, 

misi momarTva da mzaoba sametyvelod, rac mxolod 

sametyvelo saSualebebs ki ar Seexeba, aramed mTlianad adamians 

_ dawyebuli misi fizikuri mdgomareobidan gancdaTa 

107

gamokveTil Sinaarsamde. es procesi Zalian mniSvnelovania 

SemoqmedisTvis, radgan mxolod am niadagze xdeba SesaZlebeli 

metyvelebis mimdinareoba bunebrivi saxiT, radgan 

adamiani ase cdilobs Sevides Tavisi gamosaxatavi sagnisa da 

movlenis winaSe. es procesi gansazRvravs, Tu rogori sityvieri 

saSualebebi unda iqnas gamoyenebuli da rogor unda 

iqnas gaazrebuli mocemuli masala (grigol kiknaZe. 1957: 355). 

poetis emociuri ganwyoba leqsis pirvelive striqonebidan 

Cans. `qeTevanis wigni~ anJambemaniT iwyeba, pirveli taepi 

wydeba da misi nawili meore taepSi gadadis, rac saleqso 

frazis intonacias sasaubro xasiaTs sZens: 

108 

`Ramea. sul wvims. gana cas 

amdeni unda ewvima?~ 

es wvimiani, sevdiani amindi aris is foni, romelzec poetis 

warmosaxviTi samyaro iSleba da imaginaciis siRrmeebidan 

Cndeba àCrdili gadmoxvewili~. leqsi idumalebis 

esTetikis principzea agebuli da `dedoflis SesamoselSi~ 

gamowyobili àCrdili~ idumalebis atmosferos qmnis. amas- 

Tan, leqsi amocnobis principsac Seicavs: Tu saTaursa da 

epigrafs gamovtovebT, gamocanaa, vis eZRvneba igi: masSi saxeli 

arcerTxel ar aris moxseniebuli, leqsSi qeTevanis aRmniSvnelia 

mxolod _ `dedofali~. magram dedoflis saxe 

strofebsa da striqonebSi nel-nela, maraos frTebiiT iSleba, 

TandaTanobiT Cndeba miniSnebebi, romlebic mis vinaobas 

zusti StrixebiT gvamcnoben da gviaxloeben mis vizualur 

xats: `samSoblos fiqrze sakanSi, irans tyved gadaCqmalulma~, 

`Tu moinatra Soridan Tavisi tkbili kaxeTi?~ am 

striqonebSi iseTi metyveli detalbia Tavmoyrili, rom SeuZlebelia, 

Tundac saTaurisa da epigrafis gareSe qar- 

Tvelma mkiTxvelma qeTevan wamebuli ar amoicnos. 

leqsSi `wvima~ is fonia, romelic mis eociur ganwyobas 

amZafrebs da Tavisi Sinaarsobrivi datvirTviT exmaureba 

`cremls~ da `tirils~. am tropebs poeti leqsSi araerTxel 

mimarTavs: 

`zed cremlis laqa acxia. . . 

viRacas unda etirnos!~ 

`misi mimkrTali furclebi 

simwariT ikurcxlebian~.

`ra daitira, ras gvetyvis 

dedoflis cremlis naRvenTi?~ 

`patara wigni saube, 

zed wignis nawveTalebi...~ 

saintereso xerxia erT detalze _ wignze, rogorc gmiris 

atributze _ aqcentis gakeTeba da misi meSveobiT gmiris 

gancdebis amokiTxva: 

`vici wignebSi sitkboa, 

rad mwvavs es wigni patara?~ 

àn misi xelSi aReba 

ram unda gamabedinos?...~ 

`vici, vinc aris patroni, 

an wigni visac hxlebia, 

misi mimkrTali furclebi 

simwariT ikurcxlebian~. 

es styvebi mkiTxvels epigrafTan agzavnis, eubneba, rom 

es qeTevan dedoflis tyveobaSi naqoni `locvania~, romlis 

furclebs dResac amCnevia cremlebi da sisxlis nawveTali. 

`locvani~ dedoflis is erTaderTi nugeSia tyveobaSi, romelic 

mas amxnevebs, romelsac is Tavis dards andobs da romelsac 

Tavisi samSoblosa da ojaxis mZime xvedrze fiqrisas 

cremlebiT altobs. faqtiurad, dedoflis naqoni `locvani~ 

misi tragikuli istoriis mTxrobelia, radgan es aris 

wigni, romelic tyveobaSi rwmenasa da simtkices matebda mas. 

qeTevan wamebulis ambis gadmosacemad poetma yvelaze zust 

detals _ `locvans~ _ miagno. 

leqsSi ar aris gansakuTrebulad xelmosakidi istoriuli 

faqtebi, mxolod konturebia: 

`rac ver dawera kalamma, 

albaT cremlma sTqva malulma, 

samSoblos fiqrze sakanSi, 

irans, tyved gadaCqmalulma~. 

mxolod ramdenime detali da potis gancda. wvimian Rames, 

rodesac mas dedoflis aCrdili gamoecxada, mis gonebaSi 

cocxldeba qeTevan dedoflis mTeli istoria da igi 

tkivili kiTxulobs: 

`Tu moinatra Soridan 

Tavisi tkbili kaxeTi?~ 

109

giorgi leoniZe metad ostaturad iyenebs miniSnebebs da 

miuxedavad imisa, rom erT sityviTac ki ar aris naxsenebi, 

mkiTxvels Tvalwin warmoudgeba XVII saukunis saqarTvelos 

istoriis umZimesi suraTebi: Tu rogor aaoxra Sah-abazma 

kaxeTi, rogor gareka irans qarTuli mosaxleoba, rogor 

daatyveva SirazSi qeTevan dedofali, rogor daaSora igi 

Tavis Svilivilebs, rogor sastikad awama mcirewlovani ufliswulebi, 

rogor mtkiced icavda qeTevani Tavis sarwmunoebas, 

romelic iq myofi qarTveli qalebisTvis sarwmunoebis 

erTgulebis nimuSi iyo da romlebic misi Semxedvare 

gaTaTrebaze uars ambobdnen. amaze leqsSi erTi sityvac ar 

aris naTqvami, magram leqsis kiTxvisas swored es istoria 

axsendeba mkiTxvels: 

110 

àm wignze TvalTa giSrebis 



man momavali wameba~. 

dedoflis gancdebs wamebis win gadmogvcems, qeTevan dedoflis 

wamebis TviTmxilveli da aRmweri, SirazSi moRvawe 

portugalieli beri ambrozio duS anJuSi. qeTevanis amqveyniuri 

cxovrebis bolo wuTebis Sesaxeb igi wers: `rodesac 

Sahis msajulebi SirazSi Cavidnen da dedofals acnobes, 

rom an sarwmunoeba unda daeTmo, an saSineli sikvdilisTvis 

momzadebuliyo, qeTevans maTes sityvebiT miumarTavs maT- 

Tvis: `nu geSinin maTgan, romelTa moswyvidnen xorcni Tquenni, 

xolo sulsa ver xel-ewifebis mokvlad~; wamebis win ki 

dedofali samlocveloSi muxlebze dacemula, raTa didi 

gulmodginebiT eloca~ (duS anJuSi 1987: 198, 38). 

rogorc ukve SevniSneT, Tavad leqsSi arc erTxel ar 

aris naxsenebi qeTevan dedoflis saxeli. igi sacnauri xdeba 

ramdenime miniSnebiT, esenia: `dedofali~, `wigni~, `cremli”, 

`sakani~, ìrani~, `tyve~, `kaxeTi~. es miniSnebebi sityva-simboloebia, 

romlebSic saqarTvelos istoriis erT-erTi yvelaze 

tragikuli epizodebia kodirebuli. 

leqsis kulminaciuri momentia qeTevan dedoflis wamebis 

naturalisturi aRwera: 

`SanTiT, marwuxiT daxliCes, 

gaziT uglijes ZuZuni, 

yornebs miugdes saWmelad, 

aTas xmliT gadakuwuli~.

aq aSkaraa vaJas striqonebis reminiscencia: 

àrwivi vnaxe daWrili 

yvav-yornebs eomeboda!~ 

ukve vaxseneT, rom Tamar mefisa da daviT aRmaSeneblisadmi 

miZRvnili leqsebi tonalobiT sruliad gansxvavdeba 

qeTevan dedoflisadmi miZRvnili leqsebisgan, Sesabamisad, 

leqsikac sruliad gansxvavebulia. èlva~ da `naTelia~ mxolod 

is tropebi, romlebic monarqebisadmi miZRvnili leqsebisTvisaa 

saerTo, magram datvirTva gansxvavebulia. `did 

TamarSi~ vxvdebiT: `Sen moaTene piris naTeliT~, `Senis naTeliT 

naTamamari~, `Sen gahkar elva misi sulisa~, `dRes rom 

msoflio gadaanaTa~. `daviT aRmaSenebelSi~: àbjris Cxera- 

Si, xmalTa elvaSi~. `qeTevanis wignSi~ ki es ori tropi gaer- 

Tianebulia da aseT saxes iZens: 

àTasi elvis naTeli 

dedoflis saxe yofila~. 

aq àTasi elvis naTeli~ wmindanis nimbis asociacias iwvevs 

da am SemTxvevaSi gaSlil metaforadac SeZleba CaiTvalos, 

rac qeTevanis wmindanobaze miuTiTebs. 

leqsis stilis TaviseburebaTa Soris unda gamoiyos ki- 

Txvebi: leqsSi gamoyenebulia rogorc stilisturi figura, 

ritorikuli SekiTxva 

`Ramea. sul wvims. gana cas 

amdeni unda ewvima?~ 

ise kiTxvebi, romlebsac poetis mier pasuxi aqvT gacemuli 

avtoris sulieri ganwyobilebis, misi gancdebis Sesabamisad; 

es kiTxvebi leqsisadmi interesis simZafris uzrunvelyofas 

emsaxureba: 

`rad mwvavs es wigni patara?~ 

àn misi xelSi aReba 

ram unda gamabedinos?~ 

`ra daitira, ras gvetyvis 

dedoflis cremlis naRvenTi? 

Tu moinatra Soridan 

Tavisi tkbili kaxeTi?~ 

leqsis dominantia ori sityva _ `wigni~ da `cremli~, romelTac 

asaxva leqsis bgerweraSic hpoves. leqsis Jrerado- 

111

aSi am sityvebis yvelaze mkveTri bgerebis `w~ da `cr~ sistemuri 

organizeba Cans. pirvel strofSi bgera `w~ samjer 

meordeba. 

I strofi: wvims — ewvima — gadmoxvewilma 

II strofi: wigni _ wignebSi _ mwvavs _ wigni 

IV strofi: wigni _ simwriT 

VI strofi: wignze _ dawamwameba _ iwvoda _ wameba. 

aqve iCens Tavs `cr~ kompleqsi: 

I strofi: uecriv 

III strofi: cremli 

IV strofi: furclebi, ikurcxlebian 

V strofi: cremli 

X strofi: cremlis 

`w~ da `cr~ bgerebis dominantoba leqsSi TiTqos aZlierebs 

pirvelsave striqonebSi daxatuli bunebis suraTs, 

romelic poetis fsiqologiur ganwyobas gamoxatavs da gancdasTan 

aris dakavSirebuli, Semdeg strofebSi wvimas ukve 

adamianis cremlebi enacvleba: 

aq giorgi leoniZis poeziisTvis damaxasiaTebel kidev 

erT sakiTxze gvinda yuradRebis gamaxvileba. grigol 

kiknaZe aRniSnavs, rom giorgi leoniZis siZliere gemosa da 

sunis SegrZnebaTa gamomxatveli sityvebis safuZvelze agebul 

xatebSi mJRavndeba (kiknaZe: 299) da amis sailustraciod 

`qeTevanis wigic~ gvaZlevs masalas: `vici wignebSi sitkboa~, 

`Tu moinatra Soridan Tavisi tkbili kaxeTi?~, `misi 

mimkrTali furclebi simwariT ikurcxlebian~. 

`qeTevanis wignSi~ aris erTi rusTveluri sityva, `dawamwameba~, 

∗ sityva `dawamwameba~, rogorc Cans sityva `daxamxamebis~ 

nacvladaa naxmari. poetma rusTveluri sityva gamoiyena, 

`x~ bgeris `w~ bgeriT Secvlam araCveulebrivi efeqti 

gamoiwvia, radgan sityvaSi orjer meordeba bgeraTa jgufi 

`wam~, rac TiTqos wamebis molodins gamoxtavs da amZafrebs 

gancdas, metic, sityvis meore nawilSi mTlianad ikiTxeba 

sityva `wameba~, rac strofis sariTmo sityvas warmoadgens: 

112 

àm wignze TvalTa giSrebis 



man momavali wameba~. 

∗ amaze migviTiTa m. karbelaSvilma (vefxistyaosani. str. 295,1)

dabolos, es leqsi, romelic uaRresad STambeWdavi vizualuri 

xatebiT aris Seqmnili, ukve leqsis CarCoebs miRma, 

mkiTxvelis warmosaxvaSi kidev erT vizualur xats, Tavad 

poetis saxes acocxlebs, romelic Tavisi eris istoriiT 

sunTqavs: 

damowmebani: 

`me vkiTxulobdi `qarTlis cxovrebas~ 

wuxelis didxans, gaTenebamdi~. 

duS anJuSi 1987: duS anJuSi, ambrozio. namdvili cnobebi ubrwyinvalesi 

dedoflis qeTevanis, dopolis, saxelovan mowamebriv sikvdilze 

sparseTis mTavar qalaq SirazSi, Sah-abasis brZanebiT 1624 wlis 22 

seqtembers / r. gulbenkiani. namdvili cnobebi saqarTvelos dedoflis 

qeTevanis mowamebrivi sikvdilis Sesaxeb. frangulidan Targmnes i. 

tabaRuam da c. bibileiSvilma. Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1987. 

kiknaZe 1957: kiknaZe gr. metyvelebis stilis sakiTxebi. Tb.: stalinis 

sax. Tsu gamomcemloba. 1957. 

leoniZe g. leqsebi. Tb.: 1999. 

113

apolon silagaZe 

114 

leqsTwyobis kanonzomieri sistemisa da 

kanonzomieri diaqroniis Sesaxeb 

1. zogadi debuleba, romelzec agebulia winamdebare naSromi, 

aseTia (silagaZe 1987:71): 1) leqsTwyobis ganviTareba/diaqronia 

kanonzomieria iseve, rogorc leqsTwyobis 

sistema; 2) ganviTarebis kanonzomierebebi miemarTeba sistemis 

kanonzomierebebs. ∗ debulebis meore nawilSi, romelic 

amjerad CvenTvis sainteresoa, xazgasmulia is, rom ganviTareba 

srulad miemarTeba sistemis kanonzomierebebs, asaxavs 

ra maT Tavis enaze, e.i. Tavisi specifikis farglebSi, rac 

konkretulad SeiZleba, magaliTad, imas niSnavdes, rom, Tu 

sistema aris struqturul erTeulTa ierarqia, ganviTareba 

aris im safexurTa ierarqia, romlebzec erTeulTa struqturuli 

saxe yalibdeba. 

2. ganviTarebis kanonzomieri xasiaTi konkretulad ramdenime 

mxriv SeiZleba gamovlindes. 

a) diaqroniaSi gvaqvs garkveuli niSnebiT markirebuli 

safexurebi, romlebic TavianT TanmimdevrobaSi an monacvleobaSi 

kanonzomier suraTs gviCveneben. magaliTad, qar- 

Tuli leqsTwyobis ganviTarebaSi sistemis realizaciis safexurebis 

Tanmimdevroba/monacvleoba Semdeg wess emorCileba 

_ `yoveli ori safexuri, romelTa Soris aris mesame, 

principulad analogiuria~, rac realurad gvaZlevs oTx safexurs 

Semdegi sqemiT: kodifikacia _ reforma _ kodifikacia 

_ reforma (silagaZe 1987:72). 

b) sistemis kanonzomierebebis asaxva diaqroniaSi mJRavndeba 

imaSic, rom yoveli safexuri an amkvidrebs/aviTarebs 

raRacas an uaryofs; is, rac mkvidrdeba (meordeba), aris is, 

rac eTanxmeba sistemis struqturul wesebs; is, rac uariyofa 

(aRar meordeba), aris is, rac ar eTanxmeba. 

g) sistemis yoveli elementi ganviTarebis kanonzomier 

gzas gaivlis, rac, kerZod, imaSi vlindeba, rom ama Tu im safexurze, 

an erTze meti safexuris farglebSi, mocemuli 

metruli formis Tu mocemuli erTeulis realizaciisas 

∗ debulebis pirveli nawili Sdr r. iakobsonis gamonaTqvams: «Впервые осознается 

неразрывность идей закономерной системы и ее изменений, в свою очередь 

закономерных.» (iakobsoni 1984 : XIV).

gvaqvs jer sawyisi, Semdeg _ bolo etapi, rodesac igi im 

saxes iRebs, romelic srulad Seesabameba saTanado struqturul 

wesebs. 

d) rac mTavaria, kanonzomier suraTs gviCvenebs sistemaSi 

moqmedi wesis an wesebis ganviTareba; kerZod, diaqroniis 

yoveli safexuri warmoadgens axal etaps struqturuli 

wesebis Camoyalibebis gzaze, kanonzomierad dakavSirebuls 

an am wesebis konkretul fragmentebTan, an sistemis 

erTeulTa doneebTan da a.S. 

amjerad CvenTvis es ukanaskneli movlenaa saintereso. 

3. mokled (da gamartivebulad) aRvweroT qarTuli leqsTwyobis 

sistema. igi aris binarul ritmul erTeulTa sistema, 

romelic oTx ierarqiul dones Seicavs: orwevredi, 

striqoni, orstriqonedi, strofi. 

orwevredis, rogorc pirveli/qveda (sabaziso) erTeulis, 

sistema sami qvesistemiTaa warmodgenili: I. 5+5, 5+4, 

5+3, 5+2, 5+1, 5+0; II. 4+4, 4+3, 4+2, 4+1, 4+0; III. 3+3, 3+2, 3+1, 3+0. 

cifrebi aRniSnaven binaruli struqturis mqone orwevredis 

Semadgeneli monakveTebis (segmentebis) silabur sigrZes. 

`plusi~ aRniSnavs or Semadgenels Soris ritmul gasayars 

(aseTive gasayari aqvs yoveli sxva donis erTeuls, rogorc 

binarul struqturas; ritmuli gasayaris Sesaxeb ix. 

silagaZe 2009). orwevredis struqturuli saxis SeqmnaSi 

ramdenime wesi monawileobs, amaTgan mTavaria Semdegi: orwevredis 

meore Semadgeneli pirvelze grZeli araa; sxva 

sityvebiT: pirveli Semadgeneli sigrZiT tolia meorisa an 

masze grZelia (silagaZe 1987:31-35; agreTve: silagaZe 1985; 

silagaZe 1986). simbolurad es wesi ase Caiwereba: n ≥ k. 

meore, ufro maRali, ierarqiuli donis erTeulia striqoni, 

romelic ori orwevredisgan (rogorc diferencialuri 

Semadgenlisgan) Semdgari binaruli struqturaa. magali- 

Tad: (5+5)+(5+5). 

ori striqonisgan Sedgeba Semdegi donis erTeuli _ orstriqonedi. 

ori orstriqonedisgan _ strofi. 

TiToeuli donis erTeulis struqturas ramdenime saku- 

Tari wesi gansazRvravs, magram n ≥ k wesi yvelasTvis saerTo, 

principulia. 

4. rac Seexeba diaqronias, rogorc iTqva, qarTuli 

leqsTwyobis ganviTarebaSi gamoiyofa sistemis realizaciis 

oTxi safexuri (Sdr erTeulTa ierarqiis oTxi done). Ti- 

Toeuls sakuTari damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi aqvs (xolo mTliani 

suraTi ganviTarebis kanonzomier gzas asaxavs). ase maga- 

115

liTad, pirvel safexurze sistemis pirveli donis erTeulisTvis 

gvaqvs mxolod sami orwevredi: 5+5, 5+3 da 4+4; 

meore safexurze sruladaa realizebuli 4+X qvesistema, 

5+X qvesistemaSi mxolod ori carieli adgilia, gaCnda 3+X 

qvesistemis pirveli warmomadgeneli da a.S. 

safexurebis mixedviT ganviTarebis kanonzomier suraTs 

gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinod asaxavs n≥ k wesis Camoyalibebis 

procesi. es wesi ornawiliania: SemadgenelTa toloba da 

pirveli ufro grZeli Semadgeneli. am saxiT es wesi ganviTarebis 

pirvel safexurze gvaqvs mxolod pirveli donis er- 

TeulisTvis _ orwevredisTvis, yvela sxva erTeulSi moqmedebs 

n=k wesi. amis Semdeg ganviTarebaSi n≥k wesi yovel momdevno 

safexurze yalibdeba yoveli momdevno donis erTeulSi: 

meore safexurze n≥k realizebulia meore donis er- 

TeulSic _ striqonSi; mesame safexurze _ mesame donis er- 

TeulSic, orstriqonedSi; meoTxe safexurze _ meoTxe donis 

erTeulSic, strofSi. ganviTareba am SemTxvevaSi `plus 

erTis~ meqanizms emyareba: pirvel safexurze n≥k gvaqvs erT 

doneze (orwevredSi); meore safexurze, `plus erTis~ principiT, 

gvaqvs or doneze: 1+1=2; mesame safexurze gvaqvs 2+1=3 

doneze; bolo, meoTxe, safexurze gvaqvs 3+1=4 doneze. 

sabolood: n≥k wesis CamoyalibebaSi yoveli safexuri 

aris gadasvla oTxidan erT mocemul erTeulSi Semadgenel- 

Ta tolobis principidan (n=k) SemadgenelTa tolobisa da 

pirveli ufro grZeli Semadgenlis principze (n≥k). 

amgvarad, Cven gvaqvs ganviTarebisa da sistemis srulad 

harmoniuli mimarTeba. 1) ganviTarebaSi kanonzomieri safexurebis 

ierarqiaa _ sistemaSi struqturul erTeulTa doneebis 

ierarqiaa: oTxi safexuri ganviTarebaSi _ oTxi done 

erTeulTa sistemaSi. 2) ganviTarebis ierarqia miemarTeba 

sistemis ierarqias: n≥k wesis realizeba Tanmimdevruladaa 

ganxorcielebuli oTx safexurze sistemis oTxi donisTvis. 

5. SeiZleba kidev erTi debulebis Camoyalibeba: sistemis 

ganviTarebaSi amosavali (fiqsirebuliswina) mdgomareobis 

rekonstruireba/postulireba SesaZlebelia imis gamo, 

rom arsebobs sistemisa da ganviTarebis kanonzomierebaTa 

sruli Sesabamisoba. 

qarTuli leqsis magaliTze es debuleba kargad 

ilustrirdeba. 

Tu zemoT aRweril suraTs piriqiT _ safexurebis ukusvliT 

_ ganvixilavT, aseT suraTs miviRebT: bolo, meoTxe 

116

safexurze n≥k wesi realizebulia yvela, oTxive, doneze, e.i. 

arsad ar gvaqvs n=k wesi; mesame safexurze n≥k realizebulia 

sami donis erTeulSi, _ erTgan, meoTxe donis erTeul- 

Si, gvaqvs n=k; meore safexurze wesi realizebuli ori donis 

erTeulSi, _ organ, meoTxe da mesame donis erTeulebSi, 

gvaqvs n=k; pirvel safexurze wesi realizebulia mxolod 

erT, pirveli donis, erTeulSi, _ danarCen samSi gvaqvs n=k. 

bunebrivia aRdgena pirveliswina safexurisa, sadac pirveli 

donis erTeulSic (orwevredSi) moqmedebs n=k wesi, e.i. yvela 

donis erTeulis struqturas gansazRvravs mxolod n=k 

wesi (silagaZe 1987:100). ukuganviTarebis Sesabamisad, rekonstruqcia 

am SemTxvevaSi emyareba `minus erTis~ meqanizms 

(Sdr. zemoT _ `plus erTi~), romelic gansazRvravs daRmasvlis 

kanonzomierebas safexurebis mixedviT n≥k wesis realizebaSi: 

meoTxe, bolo, safexurze es wesi realizebulia 

sistemis oTxsave doneze; bolodan momdevno, ganviTarebaSi 

mesame, safexurze, `minus erTis~ principiT, n≥k gvaqvs sam 

doneze: 4-1=3; daRmasvlaSi momdevno, ganviTarebaSi meore, 

safexurze es wesi realizebulia 3-1=2 doneze; momdevno, 

ganviTarebaSi pirvel, safexurze n≥k realizebulia 2-1=1 

doneze. aRdgena: pirveliswina safexurze n≥k wesi realizebulia 

1-1=0 doneze, e.i. arcerTi donis erTeulSi. sxva 

sityvebiT: pirveliswina, rekonstruirebuli, safexuri is 

mdgomareobaa, romelSic yvela donis binarul erTeulSi 

moqmedebs SemadgenelTa tolobis wesi n=k (droSi es safexuri 

IV-V saukuneebis win ivaraudeba). 

IV saf. III saf. II saf. I saf. *saf. 

IV done n≥k n=k n=k n=k n=k 

III done n≥k n≥k n=k n=k n=k 

II done n≥k n≥k n≥k n=k n=k 

I done n≥k n≥k n≥k n≥k n=k 

117

kanonzomierebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, mTeli am suraTis 

(rekonstruirebuli safexuris CaTvliT) daxasiaTeba sxvadasxvanairad 

SeiZleba. 

a) oTxi safexuri ganisazRvreba oTxi donis erTeulSi 

aratol Semadgenlebad dayofis principis SemotaniT: pirveli 

safexuri _ pirvel doneze, meore safexuri _ meore 

doneze, mesame safexuri _ mesame doneze, meoTxe safexuri 

_ meoTxe doneze (sxvanairad: yovel safexurze mocemuli 

donis erTeulSi n≥k wesis Camoyalibebas win uswrebs wina 

safexuri, romelSic amave erTeulSi es wesi ar aris realizebuli 

da gvaqvs mxolod tolobis wesi). 

b) yoveli ufro maRali donis erTeuli safexureobriv 

ganviTarebaSi struqturulad imeorebs Sesabamisi ufro 

dabali (qveda) donis erTeuls: utolobis principi pirvel 

safexurze gvaqvs pirveli donis erTeulSi, Semdeg meore 

safexurze amas imeorebs meore donis erTeuli da a.S. 

g) yoveli safexuris farglebSi gvaqvs dabali donis er- 

TeulSi (an erTeulebSi) tolobis principis `darRveva~ ise, 

rom Sesabamis maRal doneze (an doneebze) es principi 

daculia. 

d) safexurebisa da doneebis urTierTmimarTeba Semdeg 

kanonzomier suraTs iZleva: bolo safexurze yvela donis 

erTeulSi n≥k wesia, sawyis (aRdgenil) safexurze _ yvelgan 

mxolod n=k wesi (am or, sawyis da bolo, mdgomareobas Soris 

gvaqvs safexurebi, romlebSic n=k transformirdeba n>k 

wesSi pirveli donis erTeulidan dawyebuli meoTxe donis 

erTeulamde). 

damowmebani: 

iakobsoni 1984: Якобсон Р. Вместо предисловия. – Гамкрелидзе Т.В., Иванов 

В. В. Индоевропейский язык и индоевропейцы. Тб.: 1984. 

silagaZe 1985: Silagadze A. Das prinzipielle Schema des Zeilenbaus und der 

Verknüpfung von Zeilen im georgischen Gedicht. – Georgica, Heft 8, Jena-Tbilissi: 

1985. 

silagaZe 1986: Силагадзе А. Особенности строения строки в грузинском стихе. 

_ Tsu Sromebi, 261, literaturaTmcodneoba. 1986. 

silagaZe 1987: silagaZe a. leqsmcodneobiTi analizis principebis 

Sesaxeb. Tb.: 1987. 

silagaZe 2009: Silagadze A. The Problem of Qualification of the Georgian Verse. – 

Bulletin of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences, vol. 3, no. 3. 2009. 

118

giorgi leoniZis erTi leqsis 

saxismetyvelebisaTvis 

nino sozaSvili 

giorgi leoniZis Semoqmedebis saxismetyvelebas gamorCeuli 

mniSvneloba eniWeba mwerlis TxzulebaTa mxatvruli 

sistemis safuZvliani Seswavlis saqmeSi. am mxriv gvsurs, 

zogi ram vTqvaT misi erTi cnobili leqsis saxismetyvelebis 

Sesaxeb. 

xalxur sityvier kulturasTan giorgi leoniZis SemoqmedebiTi 

kavSiri mravalferovania. poetisaTvis faseulia 

eris folkloruli simdidris ara mxolod zodebi, aramed 

namcecebic ki; amitomac aris, rom mis Semoqmedeba mdidaria 

zepirsityvieri leqsiT Tu zRapariT, TqmulebiT Tu legendiT, 

andaziT Tu aforizmebiT... es xalxuri masala poetis 

sulier quraSi gatarebisas icvlis fersa da samoss, magram, 

miuxedavad amisa, xalxuri azri mainc inarCunebs individualobas, 

araferSi iTqvifeba, bolomde rCeba TviTnabad oqrod, 

romelic saukuneebs mihyveba sulier sazrdod da 

samkaulad. 

g. leoniZis leqsi àr daidardo, dedao~... araerTxel yofila 

folkloristebisa Tu literaturaTmcodneTa dakvirvebis 

sagani. Cven Txzulebis erT, gamorCeul kompoziciur 

aspeqtze gadagvaqvs yuradReba. migvaCnia, rom leqsi 

àr daidardo, dedao...~ sami folklorul-miTologiuri 

fenisagan Sedgeba. teqtis mixedviT pirvelia _ `dReo gadiddi, 

gadiddi~, meore _ `beWze arwivi mexata~, mesame _ 

`damaleT Cemi samari~. 

folklorul da miTologiur masalebze dakvirveba 

aaSkaravebs, rom mzis SeCerebisa da amrigad dRis xangrZlivobis 

gadidebis motivi uZvelesia. igi araerTma folklorulma 

Zeglma moitana Cvenamde da araerTi mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi 

gadavida, rogorc saxismetyvelebis klasikuri magaliTi. 

ase moxda g. leoniZis Semoqmedebis SemTxvevaSic (am 

TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa vaJa-fSavelas, giorgi SatberaSvilis, 

ioseb noneSvilisa da sxvaTa Txzulebani). 

g. leoniZis xsenebul leqss _ àr daidardo, dedao~... 

wamZRvarebuli aqvs avtoriseuli epigrafi _ `1943 w. noembers, 

tamanis naxevarkunZulze vinaxule ucnobi qarTveli 

meomris saflavi. levani rqmeoda~. 

119

TeTrTmetstrofian leqsSi Txzulebis lirikuli gmiri 

TviTdaxasiaTebis, TviTaRiarebis xerxiT Semohyavs poets, 

riTac samudamod amkvidrebs mkiTxvelis gulsa da gonebaSi, 

sulsa da mexsierebaSi. 

leqsis mesame da meTerTmete strofebi mWidro kavSirSia 

xalxur sityvier SemoqmedebasTan. es strofebia: 

120 

nu daidardeb, dedao, 

mware sikvdilis sevdasa. 

dReo, gadiddi, gadiddi, 

Svili eyreba dedasa! 

ar daidardo dedao, 

nu miecemi sevdasa. 

dReo, gadiddi, gadiddi, 

Svili eyreba dedasa. 

gavixsenoT is folkloruli wyaroebi, romelTa dvritaze 

unda iyos aRmocenebuli orive saanalizo strofis mesame 

taepi _ `dReo, gadiddi, gadiddi...~. 

xalxur epikur TxzulebaSi `mzis asuli~ gadmocemulia, 

mzis SeCerebisa da amrigad, dRis gadidebis survili: 

`wavida kaci da daiwyo ulos grexa. SuadRemdis ulo grixa, 

mere moudo namgali da gausva. is iyo erTi ZnaRa hqonda 

Sesakravi, rom Cadis mze. mouxada kacma qudi mzes da 

Seevedra: 

nu Caxval, jer cota moicadeo! 

magram mzem aRar moicada...~ 

(xalxuri sibrZne 1963: 100) 

warmodgenili pasaJi xalxur araerT epikur ZeglSia fiqsirebuli 

(zRaparSi es is saintereso epizodia, romlis 

gamoyenebis safuZvelze vaJa-fSavelas poema ùiRblo iRbliania~ 

agebuli!). am mxriv xazgasasmelia xalxuri samgloviaro 

poeziis erTi nakadi _ es gaxlavT xmiTnatirlebi. 

enaTmecnieri al. WinWaraulis mier Cawerili erTi 

xmiTnatirali aseTia: 

mzeo, dabrundi, dagviandio, 

ZiolaT karCi datrialdio 

ZiolaT erTa ouqmebsao, 

lamazi meliqais Svilio. 

(qarTuli xalxuri poezia 1976: 75) 

al. oCiaurs 1936 wels Cauweria `dedis natirali Svilze~:

mzeo, dadeg da dagviandi, 

mze sdgexar ukenobisao. 

viyrebiT dedaSvilobiTao, 

mamaSvidobeben berdiasao. 


axla ufro naTelia, Tu ra folkloruli saxismetyveleba 

unda kvebavdes g. leoniZis leqsis àr daidardo, dedao~... 

taeps `dReo, gadiddi, gadiddi~. 

g. leoniZis leqsSi àr daidardo dedao~ zogadad xalxur 

yofierebasTan da ara mxolod mis sityvier kulturas- 

Tan ziarebis TvalsazrisiT, calke gamovyofT taeps _ `damaleT 

Cemi samari!~ 

vidre amonaridi taepis Sesaxeb saubars ganvagrZobdeT, 

saWirod CavTvaleT TuSuri xalxuri datirebis Cvenamde 

natifad mosuli umSvenieresi ritualis Tanamdevi, mraval 

variantad cnobili xalxuri dalaidan erTi elementi gagvexsenebina: 

modalaveni sevdiani minoriT moTqvamen: 

kaxeTSi kaxni gikiTxven: 

ars qisteT diCinsTnao, 

diCinianTas gikiTxven: 

ars qalaqs, jarbs xyrisao, 

qalaqs kiTxulobs batoni, 

wasula ufalTanao. 

(makalaTia 1983: 181) 

teqstis es epizodi variantul cvlilebebs xSirad ganicdis, 

rac bevr ramezea damokidebuli. teqstis T. uTurgaiZiseul 

variantSi es adgili ase ikiTxeba: 

lekeTSi lekni gikiTxven: 

_ kaxeTs ars batonsTanav! 

gikiTxven batonianni: 

qisteTs ars diCisTanav! 

gikiTxven Tavis sworebi: 

wavida ufalsTanav! 

(qarTuli xalxuri poezia 1976: 241-242) 

g. leoniZis xsenebuli leqsis me-7 da me-8 strofebi 

aseTia: 

mterTan Cem sikvdils nu ityviT, 

damaleT Cemi samari! 

Tu mterma gkiTxos, uTxariT, 

kremlSia, stalinTan ari! 

121

122 

da Tu stalinma mikiTxos, 

uTxar, ar viyav jabani, 

iq vdgevar, sadac naToben 

stalinis mamapapani! 

(leoniZe 1958: 305) 

saukunis Zegli ioane sabanisZes àbos wameba~ gvamcnobs, 

rom abo qristianuli sarwmunoebisadmi Tavdadebis misabaZ 

magaliTad iqca. abos SeuvalobiT ganrisxebulma amiram 

ùbrZana ganyvanebaÁ misi gare da mokueTaÁ Tavisa misisa~ 

(qrestomaTia 1946: 67). 

abo marTlmadidebelTa saTayvano gmiria. abos saflavma 

gadainacvla ara sagodebelze, aramed adamianTa gulebSi; 

abos gvamis dakrZalvis SiSma, misi xsovnis afiSirebas gamor- 

Ceuli safuZveli misca, gaasammaga es xsovna, axali sicocxle 

SesZina mas. 

samaris gauCinarebis, damalvis tradiciis Sesaxeb, rom 

mxolod Tamar mefis saflavis dRemde gasaidumloebis faqti 

gagvexsenebina, esec ikmarebda, imisaTvis rom didi poets 

mamulisaTvis TavSewiruli gmiris anderZi gaexmovanebina: 

mterTan Cems sikvdils nu ityviTo, damaleTo Cemi samare. 

mterTagan mowinaaRmdegis saflavis Sebilwva-Seuracxyofis 

Sesaxeb araerTxel gviyveba Cveni xalxuri zRaparic. 

g. leoniZis leqsSi àr daidardo, dedao~ damowmebuli 

taepis _ `beWze arwivi mexata~ saubars mosviringebis Sesaxeb 

enciklopediuri ganmartebis damowmebiT daviwyebdiT. 

mosviringeba _ `tatuireba~ (frang. tatouez < ingl. tatoo...) 

sxeulze gamosaxulebis gamoyvana kanqveS nemsiT, saRebavis 

Seyvanis saSualebiT. gavrcelebulia msoflos mraval 

xalxSi qvis xanidan, rasac mowmobs aRmoCenili rqis, Zvlis 

da qvis specialuri iaraRebi. tatuirebis Cveuleba ganvi- 

Tarda sxeulis SeRebvis wesidan da masTan erTad arsebobda. 

pirvelyofil xalxebSi tatuireba Seicavs religiuri da mi- 

Tologiuri warmodgenebis anarekls, gansazRvravs pirovnebis 

socialur statuss Tavis socialur jgufSi, aseve dakavSirebulia 

totemistur warmodgenebTan. farTod iyeneben 

iniciaciis (iniciacia _ / laT. initianito saidumloebaTa 

Sesruleba/ _ pirvelyofil sazogadoebaSi Wabukebis gandobis, 

dalocvis ceremonia, ris Semdegac isini iTvlebodnen 

dasrulebul mamakacebad / WabaSvili 1989:196). 

SedarebiT gvian romsa da Sua saukuneebis evropaSi mosviringebas 

iyenebdnen samxedro tyveebisa da sxvadasxva saxis 

damnaSavisaTvis niSnis dasadebad. zogi gadmonaSTi mi-

uTiTebs, rom tatuireba SesaZloa saqarTveloSic iyo gavrcelebuli~ 

(qse 1975: 665). 

warmodgenili enciklopediuri codna gvimowmebs, rom 

mosviringeba: 

_ Seicavs religiuri da miTologiuri warmodgenis 

anarekls; 

_ dakavSirebulia totemistur warmodgenebTan; 

_ sxvadasxva figuris gamoyvana saxesa da sxeulis sxva 

nawilebze SesaZlebelia saqarTveloSic iyo gavrcelebuli. 

dasaSvebad migvaCnia, rom mosviringebaSi religiuri da 

miTologiuri warmodgenebi da amrigad sxeulis sxvadasxva 

nawilebze sxvadasxva sagnebis (cxoveli, frinveli, qvewarmavali, 

sabrZolo iaraRi da sxv.) gamosaxulebis imitireba, 

sxvadasxva Sinaarsis teqstTan Tu sagnebTan erTad, bunebrivi 

unda yofiliyo, rogorc adamianis fsiqo-fizikuri 

mdgomareobis Taviseburi gamovlena. es faqti tradiciiT 

axlac grZeldeba. 

am sviring-simbolikur niSan-saxeebSi Zalian xSirad fiqsirebulia 

sikeTisa da borotebis urTierTdapirispireba 

da brZola. vfiqrobT, rom es `mxatvroba~ TviT misi matareblis 

Sinagan fsiqologiur yofasa Tu samyaroze miuTi- 

Tebs, misi matareblis sulis biografiis Semadgeneli 

elementia. 

imisaTvis, rom farTo warmodgena viqonioT g. leoniZis 

leqsSi xsenebuli arwivis (`beWze arwivi mexata~) saxismetyvelebis 

sivrceze, amisaTvis erTi `miTologiuri leqsikoniseuli~ 

ganmarteba gamogvadgeba. migvaCnia, rom es damowmeba 

Cveni mkiTxvelis yvela hipoTezas daakmayofilebs imis Sesaxeb 

Tu, ras unda gulisxmobdes didi poeti kai ymis beWze 

mosviringebuli arwivis TematikaSi, mis Sina arsSi. 

àrwivi _ (berZ. aetos. aemi _ qrola, livlivi ) _ swrafi 

qrolisaTvis. aguito qaris RmerTi. Zvel xalxTa warmodgenaSi 

mzis, Suqisa da Zlierebis simbolo iyo. samxedro Zalis 

simbolod pirvelad sparselebma ixmares... saerTod, Zlierebis, 

gamarjvebis, nayofierebis simbolo iyo... misnobaSi 

keTil mauwyeblad iTvleboda. aseve sikeTes ganasaxierebda 

qristianul simbolikaSi... poetur xelovnebaSic Zlierebis, 

laJvardebis simboloa~... (gelovani 1983: 78). maSasadame, simbolikis 

wesiT, arwivi yofila: mzis, Suqis, fizikuri Zlierebis, 

nayofierebis, keTilmauwyeblobis, sikeTis da a.S. 

simbolo, rac mTliandeba g. leoniZis leqsis lirikuli gmi- 

123

is biografiaSi da yalibdeba saxismetyvelebis klasikur 

magaliTad. 

gavixsenoT leqsis pirvel or strofi da Cvens gancdebSi 

umal gamTliandeba yovelive zemoT Tqmuli: 

124 

visac undoda qarTveli 

rom gamxdariyo xizani, 

davkari, viyav marTali, 

viT Cemi tyviis mizani... 

Rimilis biWi viyavi, 

beWze arwivi mexata, 

cxrameti wlisa Sevsruldi, 

oci ar gadamexada, 

samSoblos droSa meWira, 

mters vecemodi mexada. 

leqsi pirveli taepidan bolomde epitafiisaTvis bunebrivi 

poeturi xerxiTaa srulqmnili, rac kidev ufro aZlierebs 

Rimilis biWisadmi Cvens siyvaruls, mokrZalebasa 

da TanagrZnobas. 

samSoblos droSis mpyrobeli da mterze mudam Semtevi 

bunebis Wabuki kai ymis zesrulyofili poeturi xatia, rac 

TaobaTa xsovnas memkvidreobiT gadaecema. eg is kai ymaa, 

viszedac xalxi dRemde mReris: 

kai yma, mgeli arwivi 

arc erT ar gaiwurTneba! 

cnobilia, rom xmiTnatirali samgloviaro poeziis erTerTi 

ZvelT uZvelesi Janria. cxadia, aq saxismetyvelebis 

samyaroc marad Zveli da marad ganaxlebadia. arwivis mxatvruli 

saxec uTuod Zveli unda iyos... giorgize erT xmiTnatiralSi 

naTqvamia: 

vefxo, daxyare iaraRi, 

arwivma daiWuWken mxarnio 

jixvo, sawulTiT gadmoRvardio, 

iremo, dainayen rqanio. 


Cans erovnuli flora da fauna, misi cxovel-frinvelTa 

samyaro noyieri niadagia xalxuri poeziisa da TviT xmiT 

natiralebisTvisac.

Rimilis biWis beWze mosviringebuli arwivi gaxlavT xalxis 

mier RvTaebamde amaRlebuli, RmerTamde aziduli kacuri 

kaci, vis magaliTsac mihyveba eri, vinc aris Cveni eris, 

mamulis, enisa da sarwmunoebis muxlCauxreli da CauTvlemeli 

mecixovne. 

damowmebani: 

gelovani 1983: gelovani a. miTologiuri leqsikoni. Tb.: 1983. 

leoniZe 1958: leoniZe g. rCeuli. Tb.: 1958. 

makalaTia 1983: makalaTia s. TuSeTi. Tb.: 1983. 

qse 1975: qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia. t. IX. Tb.: 1975. 

qarTuli xalxuri poezia 1976: qarTuli xalxuri poezia. t. V. Tb.: 

1976. 

qrestomaTia 1946: Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia. t. I. 

Tb.: 1946. 

WabaSvli 1989: WabaSvli m. ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni. Tb.: 1989. 

xalxuri sibrZne 1963: xalxuri sibrZne. t. I. Tb.: 1963. 

125

Sorena qurTiSvili 

126 

giorgi leoniZis metrika XX saukunis 

10-ian wlebSi 

qarTuli poetikis reformas, romelic XX saukunis aTian 

wlebSi ganxorcielda, ganapirobebda mxatvruli enis, 

riTmis, ritmis, bgerwerisa da zogadad, yvela saleqso komponentis 

gadaxaliseba. misi erT-erTi nawili metruli rekonstruqciebic 

iyo, romelic siaxled aRiqmeboda tradiciuli 

metrikis fonze. versifikaciuli Ziebani, cxadia, 

xelSemwyob faqtors warmoadgenda leqsis esTetikuri Rirebulebis 

zrdisaTvis, anu imisaTvis, rac arsebiTi mizani 

iyo imJamindeli poeturi reformaciisa. marTalia, axalgazrda 

SemoqmedTa mier 1914 wels gamocemul krebulebSi Ziri- 

Tad fons swored tradiciuli metrika qmnida, xolo axali 

saxeobebi metrul umciresobas warmoadgenda, samagierod, 

aTwleulis meore naxevridan sayovelTaod nacad saleqso 

sazomebs ukve masStaburad Seenacvla odesRac fragmentuli 

saxiT arsebuli, an sulac originaluri saxeobebi. 

umarTebulo iqneboda, ar migveTiTebina imis Taobazec, 

rom aRniSnuli poetikuri Ziebani gansazRvra leqsis Sablonidan 

gamoxnis aucileblobis Segnebam. ganaxlebis tendencias 

ki, nawilobriv, modernistul-simbolisturi esTetika, 

ufro metad ki _ gaRaribebuli poetikuri arsenali da mas- 

Si gaCenili Sida evoluciuri biZgebi ganapirobebda. 

10-iani wlebis Semoqmedma Taobam XX saukuneSi, Tavis 

pirvlsave krebulebSi gamoavlina tradiciuli Tematikisagan 

TavdaRwevis survili, _ miswrafeba inovaciuri xedvisaken. 

am mosazrebas adasturebs akaki gawereliaseuli dakvirveba 

galaktionis imdroindel Semoqmedebaze, romelic 

mTeli Taobis mimarTac SeiZleboda ganzogadebuliyo. 

mkvlevari miuTiTebda imis Sesaxeb, rom galaktioni Tavis 

poetur cxovrebaSi miemarTeboda romantikuli lirikis nacadi 

gziT, _ didi sifaqiziT imeorebda Zvel motivebs; magram 

ferebis zusti ganawileba, peizaJis xatvis unari, didi 

emociuri Zala am leqsebisa cxadyofda, rom romantikulma 

lirikam ukve amowura Tavisi Tavi da erTgvari stilur da 

Tematur Sablonad iqca (tkivilebTan Seguebis, misgan Taviseburi 

tkbobis gancda). Cans, rom es Taobebi sargeblobdnen

omantikuli msoflxedvis ukanaskneli SesaZleblobebiT 

(gawerelia 1962: 269). 

cxadia, mxatvrul azrovnebaSi gaCenili krizisi amwifebda 

aramxolod ideur-Tematuri gadaxalisebis moTxovnilebas; 

_ iwyeba stiluri Ziebani, metrul-ritmuli faqtoris 

daxvewa... Tumca, jer kidev sakmaod Zlieria gabatonebuli 

poetikuri normebi. amitomac, aRniSnul cvlilebebs neli, 

evoluciuri xasiaTi aqvs. gasuli saukunis aTiani wlebi 

tradiciuli versifikaciiT warmodgenil Semoqmedebas 

gvTavazobs giorgi leoniZis poetikis saxiT, radgan am periodis 

leqsTa metrika XIX saukunisa da 900-iani wlebidan 

momdinare sazomebiTaa warmodgenili. mxolod TandaTan, 

mogvianebiT Cndeba poetiseul leqswyobaSi aRniSnuli epoqisaTvis 

uCveulo saxeobebi da isic, _ erTeuli nimuSebis 

saxiT. am mxriv, SesaZlebelia iTqvas, rom giorgi leoniZe 

naklebad usworebs mxars versifikatorTa im Taobas, romelic 

sagangebod awarmoebda amgvar Ziebas (galaktioni, ioseb 

griSaSvili, aleqsandre abaSeli, sandro SanSiaSvili, kote 

mayaSvili da sxv.). amdenad, es periodi ver mogvcems srul 

warmodgenas giorgi leoniZis metrze, anu im versifikaciul 

arCevanze, romliTac ism mogvianebiT damkvidrda qarTul 

poetikaSi. 

aRniSnuli sakiTxi sagangebod Seiswavla mkvlevarma 

dinara forCxiZem da, rac ufro sainteresoa, dakvirvebis 

Sedegad, man mogvca saintereso daskvna ara mxolod poetisaTvis 

yvelaze metad damaxasiaTebeli saleqso sazomebis 

Sesaxeb, aramed sagulisxmo mosazrebanic urTierTmimarTebis 

sakiTxebze; kerZod, imis Taobaze, Tu ramdenadaa SesaZlebeli, 

rom leqsis zoma ganapirobebdes mis SemecnebiTsa 

Tu esTetikur warmatebulobas. mkvlevris dakvirvebiT, 

poetis leqsebis daaxloebiT naxevari aTmarcvlediTaa warmodgenili, 

daaxloebiT meoTxedi _ rvamarcvlediT, erTi 

meoTxedi _ ToTxmetmarcvlediT, SvidmarcvlediT, TxuTmetmarcvlediT, 

TerTmetmarcvlediTa Tu Sereuli sazomebiT. 

gamokvlevis Tanaxmad: àTmarcvledi giorgi leoniZisaTvis 

nairgvari Sinaarsis, gancda-ganwyobilebis gadmocemis 

saSualebaa, misTvis metad misaRebi, sando da uRalato, 

tevadi da gamomsaxveli~ (forCxiZe 2001: 372). aqve marTebuladaa 

miniSnebuli erT Taviseburebazec: àxalgazrdobis 

wlebSi am sazomiT dawerili leqsebis umravlesoba naRvliani 

gancdebis gamomxatvelia, SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebis 

momdevno wlebSi ki, piriqiT, aTmarcvlian leqsTa umravle- 

127

soba rwmeniT, imediTa da sixaruliTaa gajerebuli~ 

(forCxiZe 2001: 367). 

sruliad gansxvavebul viTarebas vixilavT giorgi 

leoniZis 10-iani wlebis leqswyobaze dakvirvebis Sedegad. 

unda iTqvas, rom Cveni daskvnebi ver ganacxadebs pretenzias 

absolutur sizusteze, Tumca poetis adreuli lirikis 

metrul-ritmuli Ziebis suraTis aRdgenis Sedegad Cveni mi- 

TiTebani Zireuli tendenciebis Sesaxeb marTebulia da zogadi 

kanonzomierebis maCvenebeli. 

SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebis dasawyisi poetisa, xasiaTdeba 

sakuTari xmis, stilis ZiebiT. masze dakvirveba cxadyofs, 

rom adrindeli giorgi leoniZe ar hgavs im gogla leoniZes, 

romelsac sayovelTaod icnobs qarTveli mkiTxveli. Ziebis 

procesi emCneva leqswyobas, rameTu metrikis udidesi nawili 

Teqvsmetmarcvliani sazomiTaa warmodgenili. cxadia, 

saqme exeba ara rusTvelur Sairs, romelmac sagrZnobi modificireba 

ganicada riTmis, grafikis, strofikis, intonaciis 

mxriv saukuneTa manZilze. am SemTxvevaSic, nacvlad 

katrenuli organizebisa, poeti axdens sazomis datexas 

sxvadasxva ritmul erTeulebad: Teqvsmetmarcvledis, rvamarcvledis, 

oTxmarcvledis saxiT, romlis mizanic aris intonaciuri, 

melodiuri variaciebis Seqmna, TviTgamoxatvis 

meti xarisxis miRweva: 

128 

viT lxinsa da dResaswauls _ 4/4 

radgan vici damitirebs Seni Savi zangubari 44/44 

misTvis mnaxo mokiskise 4/4 

TiTqos xatis dReobaSi gadamekras araybari 44/44 

(leoniZe 2001: 95). 

Teqvsmetmarcvliani sazomis gamoyenebis maRali sixSire 

giorgi leoniZis adreul lirikaSi gamoZaxilia im saerTo 

mwignobruli tradiciisa, romelic inerciiT gadmovida XIX 

saukunidan da grZeldeboda XX saukunis 20-ian wlebamde. 

aTiani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi swored am sazoms iyenebda 

yvelaze xSirad galaktioni, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT sxva poetebze. 

aRniSnuli movlena, rogorc ukve iTqva, aixsneba 

imiT, rom Teqvsmetmarcvliani sazomi da misi saxeobani metad 

gavrcelebuli iyo rogorc mwignobrul, aseve xalxur 

poeziaSi. 44/44-s gamoyenebis sixSiris mixedviT giorgi 

leoniZis adreul lirikaSi mxolod ormuxlaini aTmarcvledi 

5/5 CamorCeba, _ wyoba, romelic esoden bunebrivi 

da mosaxerxebelia qarTuli leqsisaTvis. advilad savara-

udebelia, rom es faqti ganpirobebuli iyos im warmatebuli 

kavSiriT, rac poetur metyvelebasa da sasaubro enas Soris 

arsebobs. amas realur ritmze dakvirvebac cxadyofs, romelic 

gvidasturebs mosazrebas aRniSnuli sazomis amouwurav 

SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb. 

odnav naklebad, magram mainc xSirad iyenebs poeti besikuri 

wyobis ToTxmetmarcvleds, 5/4/5-s, romelsac wamyvani 

adgili ekava 10-iani wlebis galaktionis da kidev ufro metad, 

`cisferyanwelTa~ metrikaSi. magram, Tu orTodoqsi 

simbolistebis: paolo iaSvilis, tician tabiZis, valerian 

gafrindaSvilis metrikaSi udidesi nawili am sazomiTaa warmodgenili 

da igi Warbobs esoden prioritetul ormuxlian 

aTamarcvleds, giorgi leoniZesTan es mimarTeba Secvlilia. 

SesaZloa es faqti imiTac aixsnebodes, rom qarTvel 

simbolistTagan yvelaze arabunebrivad swored giorgi 

leoniZesTan gamovlinda modernistuli esTetikisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

ganwyobilebani. gamoricxuli ar unda iyos, 

rom sonetis, rogorc `cisferyanwelTa~ sayvareli saleqso 

formis struqturul-intonaciuri gaTaviseburebis Sedegi 

iyos is garemoeba, rom orTodoqs simbolistTa SemoqmedebaSi 

metrikis udidesi nawili `mcire besikuri trimetri- 

Taa~ Sesrulebuli. giorgi leoniZem ki es sazomi odnav ukana 

planze gadawia da meore adgilze daayena. Tumca, unda 

iTqvas agreTve, rom am wyobiT man sonetis Txzvis savaldebulo 

moTxovnebic daakmayofila (`soneti rodenbaxs~, 

`Taisi~, `saqarTveloSi~, `soneti meore~, `soneti qarTvel 

husarebs~). 

myar saleqso formaTagan Tavs gvaxsenebs 1917 wliT daTariRebuli 

leqsi `tyis trioletebi~, romelic am wyobis 

erT-erTi nimuSia sakvlev periodSi. Tumca, poets arc aq 

daucavs kanonikuri sizuste teqstis kompoziciaSi da striqonTa 

orjeradi ganmeorebis nacvlad Tavsa da boloSi, 

gvaqvs mxolod frazaTa ganmeoreba. trioletis formis specifikasTan 

leqss aaxlovebs rvastriqonianoba da Tavad 

ganwyobileba _ is gamWvirvale sevda da simsubuqe, riTac 

gamoirCeva `cisferyanwelTa~ imdroindeli trioletebi. 

sagulisxmoa, rom pirveli siaxleebi metrikis sferoSi 

giorgi leoniZes Semoaqvs 1916 wlidan. nacvlad besikuri 

ToTxmetmarcvliani wyobisa, swored am wliT TariRdebian 

guramiSviliseuli `zubovkis~ metri _ 4442 da `lurja cxenebiseuli~ 

sazomi _ 43/43 (`Sairi~ da `Tamar-yvavili~). saintereso 

JReradobas qmnis gansxvavebuli muxlebiT Sedgeni- 

129

li Svidmarcvlian naxevarstriqonTa urTierTmonacvleoba 

am ukanasknelSi: 

130 

Semodgomis diliTa ahyvavdeba sosani, 43 43 

hSvenis, rogorc mefesTan qali-gvirgvinosani, 25 25 

hSvenis, rogorc krebaSi qalwul qalis Tvalebi, 25 25 

rogorc mTvaris Rimilze myinvaris mwvervalebi... 43 34 

(leoniZe 2001: 89). 

poeti amave sazoms iyenebs momdevno 1917 welsac, leqseb- 

Si: `lelis~ da `lurji Tvali~. am ukanasknelis pirveli 

strofi heterosilaburia, gvaqvs ori TxuTmetmarcvliani 

(43 43) striqonis mimarTeba momdevno or ToTxmetmarcvlian 

striqonrTan _ 43/43. saintereso intonaciur SeTavsebas 

iwvevs am leqsis nairferovani strofuli kompozicia katrenis, 

mrCobledisa da samtaepovani strofikis saxiT. 

ToTxmetmarcvledi 43/43 aris is metrulis axeoba, romelmac 

uSualo monawileoba miiRo XX saukunis aTiani wlebis 

saleqso reformaSi. es sazomi pirvelad gamoCnda jer 

ioseb griSaSvilis (1913 w.), xolo mogvianebiT, galaktionis 

(1915 w.) metrikaSi. rogorc cnobilia, am sazomma ganapiroba 

nawilobriv `lurja cxenebis~ novatoruli buneba. rac Seexeba 

giorgi leoniZes, mis SemoqmedebaSi daZebnili nimu- 

Sebi, sadac aRniSnuli wyobaa gamoyenebuli (`lelis~, `lurji 

Tvali~), aSkarad ritmul-intonafiuri Ziebis kvals atarebs. 

poeti texs striqonebs samtaepovani strofikis farglebSi, 

texs _ emiociuri aqcentirebis mizniT: 

waxvedi... 

da waxvedi, damitove naRveli, 

ciskari-Ra mSTenia, Seni gamomsaxveli. 

(leoniZe 2001: 105) 

monotonuri ortaepedis gverdiT, sadac segmentTa ur- 

TierTmimarTeba identuri iyo (43/25, 43/25), am strofSi sammarcvliani 

muxli calke pwkaradaa gamotanili, xolo frazaTa 

ganmeorebiT ritms eniWeba rxevadoba da emociuroba. 

ZiriTadad ki, am leqsis metruli xerxemalia segmentTa sqema 

43/25. aqa-iq ritmuli naxazis Secvla leqsis melodiurobas 

aZlierebs. 

rasakvirvelia, im wlebSi, rodesac poeti esTetikuri da 

msoflmxedvelobrivi Ziebis procesSi imyofeboda, igi Seecdeboda 

ritmul-intonaciuri niSniT sakuTari leqswyo-

is ara mxolod daxvewas, aramed meti siaxleebis damkvidrebasac. 

amis Tavisebur gamoxatulebad unda miviCnioT 

prozauli formiT dawerili verlibris nimuSebi: ìTvrebodeT~, 

`qarTli~, `Tamar~. amgvari nimuSebi cxadyofs poetis 

interess Tavisufali leqsisadmi, sadac uaRresad Tvimyofadi 

poeturi niWis wyalobiT axerxebs, rom sazomis ignorirebis 

miuxedavad, mTeli arsebiT ganicados da sruli 

simZafriT gadmosces mSobliuri qveynis tragikuli warsuli: 

`Seni dalursmuli suli maRrCobs, Sens eSafotis gzaze 

Cemi Tvalebi daixeva~... da a. S. 

sagangebod unda SevexoT poetis mier rvamarcvliani Sairis 

gamoyenebis Taviseburebas. Tu 20-iani wlebidan aRniSnuli 

sazomi giorgi leoniZis versifikaciul saxed iqca, 

rac ufro iTqmis dabali Sairis (5/3) mimarT, _ sruliad 

sapirispiro suraTi gveSleba Tvalwin poetis adreul Semoqmedebaze 

dakvirvebisas. am wlebSi rvamarcvledis TiToorola 

nimuSs Tu SevxvdebiT. Tanac aq, maRali Sairis saxeoba 

ufro dominirebs. rac Seexeba dabal Sairs, romliTac 

Sesrulebulia poetis Semoqmedebis udidesi nawili 20-iani 

wlebidan, aq igi sanTliT saZebaria. SesaZloa, amisi mizezi 

simbolistebTan poetis axlo urTierTobaSi mdgomareobdes, 

isinixom ar cnobdnen da iyenebdnen am versifikaciul 

saxeobas. magram maSin, rodesac poeti daubrunda sakuTar 

Tavs, SeimuSava TviTmyofadi poeturi xma da struqtura, _ 

Sairis wyoba misTvis ganuyofeli versifikaciuli xerxi 

gaxda. giorgi leoniZe, romelic xalxuri poeziiT nasazrdoebi 

poeti gaxldaT, udides pativs miagebda vaJafSavelas, 

romelmac swored dabali Sairis saxeobiT SeZlo 

poeturi geniis srulad gamovlena. TavisTavad cxadia, rom 

iseTi `qarTul miwaSi yelamde Cafluli poeti~, rogoric 

giorgi leoniZe iyo, qarTuli leqswyobis tradiciebs qar- 

Tulad gaagrZelebda da masSi sakuTari xmiT 

damkvidrdeboda. 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTuli leqsis reformaciis epoqaSi, 

romelic XX saukunis aTian wlebs moicavs, giorgi 

leoniZes jer kidev ara aqvs gamokveTili individualuri 

stili, is bunebrivad ar myofobs am droSi. es wlebi Tavad 

iyo leqsis feriscvalebisa da poeturi Rirsebis aRdgenis 

peridi, romelic mTeli imJamindeli Taobis ZalisxmeviT 

unda ganxorcielebuliyo. is faqti, rom giorgi leoniZes 

sagangebo da masStaburi Ziebebi ar uwarmoebia versifikaciis 

sferoSi im droisaTvis, ar qmnis imis winapirobas, rom 

131

misi TviTmyofadoba samomavlodac ar Sedgeboda. XX saukunis 

20-iani wlebidan es TviTmyofadoba gansazRvra im cxovelmyofelma 

Temebma da ideebma, rac esoden bunebrivi da 

STambeWdavi aRmoCnda qarTuli sulisa da cnobierebisaTvis. 

poetis SemoqmedebiTi kredo naklebad iyo dakavSirebuli 

kompoziciuri Ziebis procesTan. giorgi leoniZis poeturi 

genia mudam iyo gansazRvruli erTi cxovelmyofeli 

mrwamsiT: leqsi aris sicocxlis Zalmosilebisa da amqveyniuri 

silamazis mexotbe da gamomxatveli da es imdenad 

didi sinamdvile iyo poetisaTvis, rom mas sagangebod aRar 

daWirebia musikaluri xmebis, notebis aRmoCena bunebasa Tu 

cxovrebaSi. man tradiciuli xmebiTa da sazomebiT SeZlo 

sicocxlis mSvenierebis gadmocema. swored es gaxlavT 

giorgi leoniZis SemoqmedebiTi Taviseburebac. 

132 

giorgi leoniZis poeziis versifikaciis amsaxveli 

metruli sqema XX saukunis aTian wlebSi 

(1910-1919) 

damowmebani: 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

metruli 

sqemebi 

44/44 

5/5 

5/4/5 

4/4 

3/5 

55/55 

43/43 

5-marcvledi 

4 4 3 

53/53 

44 42 

gamoyenebis 

sixSire 

28 

27 

15 

13 

5 

4 

3 

3 

2 

1 

1 

gawerelia 1962: gawerelia ak. rCeuli nawerebi. t. IV Tb.: 1962. 

leoniZe 2001: leoniZe g. `saqarTvelos cremlebi~. Tb.: 2001. 

forCxiZe 2001: forCxiZe d. giorgi leoniZis leqsis metri. _ giorgi 

leoniZe. Tb.: `saari~, 2001.

galaktioni da gogla 

Tamila woworia 

galaktioni da gogla! _ ratom aseTi xmamaRali ambavi. 

galaktionsac da goglasac mTeli qveyana icnobs. nuTu es 

sakmarisi ar aris? magram literaturaSi arsebobs 

memkvidreobiTi sakiTxis mniSvneloba. amasTanave maT Soris 

erTgvari paralelis gavlebaa aucilebeli, radgan rac dro 

gadis, izrdeba interesi maTi Semoqmedebisadmi. 

galaktioni da gogla _ erTi epoqis ori poeti _ maT 

urTierTobaSi iyo megobruli Jestic, qiSpobac, literaturuli 

amrezilobac da ironiac. am ganwyobilebaTa gamoxatva 

araoficialuria. isini metwilad ubis wignakebsa da 

dRiurebSia gabneuli da ara erTi diametralurad gansxvavebuli 

plastis Semcvelia. sagulisxmoa isic, rom es damokidebuleba 

daaxloebiT Tanabari poeturi SesaZleblobis 

xelovanTa Semoqmedebas gulisxmobs da amdenad sainteresoa 

dakvirveba maT adamianur da poetur biografiebze. 

galaktion tabiZe daibada 1892 wlis 17 noembers vanis 

raionis sofel WyviSSi. 

gogla leoniZe _ 1897 wlis 27 dekembers sagarejos 

raionis sofel patarZeulSi. 

galaktionis mama — maswavlebeli vasil tabiZe, poetis 

dabadebamde Svidi TviT adre, 23 wlis asakSi gardaicvala. 

goglas mama _ niko leoniZe, vaJa-fSavelas siyrmis megobari, 

literatori, maswavlebeli Zalian axalgazrda 

gardaicvala. 

galaktionis mamam anderZad daibara, Svilebi gaunaTlebeli 

ar damitovoTo. 

erTi wlis obol goglas mamis biblioTeka darCa, romelmac 

didi roli iTamaSa mis cxovrebaSi. 

galaktionis deda _ makrine adeiSvili _ dedis xaziT 

ServaSiZeTa gvaridan iyo. misi didedis, beriZis deda, 

ServaSiZis asuli gaxldaT. 

goglas deda _ sofio gulisaSvili, ninowmindis dekanozis 

asuli, xuT obols zrdida. 

galaktionis Zma _ abesalomi (prokle) pedagogi iyo. 

1899 wels galaktioni quTaisis dekanoz nestor yubaneiSvilis 

erTklasian mosamzadebel skolaSi Sevida. 

133

goglam ojaxSi Seiswavla wera-kiTxva. Semdeg patarZeulis 

skolaSi ganagrZo swavla. 

1908 wels galaktioni swavlas agrZelebs Tbilisis sasuliero 

seminariaSi. 1910 wels is tovebs seminarias da maswavleblobs 

farcxnalasa da baTumSi. 

1911 wels goglam gamoaqveyna pirveli leqsi `mcxeTa~. mas 

poeturi gza didma vaJam dauloca. 

1913 wels gogla sasuliero seminariaSi Sedis. 

1914 wels tutku gvaramias gamomcemlobaSi daibeWda 

galaktionis pirveli wigni. 

1916 wels galaktioni daqorwinda olia okujavaze. 

goglas meuRle gaxldaT efemia gedevaniSvili. 

1916 wels gamovida goglas poeturi krebuli `safironi~. 

1918 wels galaktionma daamTavra moskovis scenismoyvareTa 

eqvsTviani sareJisoro kursi. 

1918 wels goglam daamTavra sasuliero seminaria. 

1919 wels gamovida galaktionis àrtistuli yvavilebi~. 

1918 wels gogla `cisferyanwelTa~ ordenis wevri xdeba. 

1920 wels galaktions mieniWa `poetebis mefis~ tituli. 

1919 wels gogla Tsu-Si agrZelebs swavlas. 

1922 wels galaktioni Jurnal `lomisis~ redaqtoria. 

1922 wels gogla saliteraturo gazeT `baxtrions~ 

redaqtorobs. 

1922-23 wlebSi daarsda `galaktion tabiZis Jurnali~. 

1927 wels gamovida galaktionis `zarniSiani wigni~. 

1931 wels gogla literaturis muzeumis direqtoria. 

1932 wels galaktions mieniWa saxalxo poetis wodeba da 

gadaeca leninis ordeni. 

1935 wels galaktioni parizSi mweralTa pirveli antifa- 

Sisturi kongresis delegatia. 

1938 wels gamovida goglas leqsebis krebuli. 

1943 wels aRiniSna galaktionis SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobis 

50 weli. 

1944 wels galaktioni da gogla mecnierebaTa akademiis 

namdvili wevrebi xdebian. 

1959 wels dabadebis 60 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT gogla 

leoniZes saxalxo poetis wodeba mieniWa. 

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom galaktion tabiZes wilad ergo 

umamobis uxeSi gancda mTeli cxovreba etarebina. 

aseve gogla leoniZesac. 

1929 wlis dekeembrSi galaktionis meuRle olia okujava 

uzbekeTSi gadaasaxles, sadac man sami weli dahyo. 1937 wels 

134

igi xelmeored daapatimres da samudamod gadaasaxles. 1941 

wels ki daxvrites. 

goglas satrfom, leli (elene) lorTqifaniZem TviTmkvlelobiT 

daasrula sicocxle. misi xsovna samudamod damkvidrda 

`lirikis elizeumSi~. 

galaktioni Zmis gardacvalebis Semdeg atarebs wvers da 

bibliur wmindans emsgavseba. 

20-ian wlebSi gogla sisxlismier Zmas glovobs. 

30-ian wlebSi gogla `cisferyanwelTa~ tragikul dasasruls 

dastiris. sulieri Zmebis beds ganicdis galaktionic. 

erT-erT CanawerSi am mdgomareobas igi `mixakisfer SeSlilobad~ 

moixseniebs. meoregan aseT sulisSemZvrel Canawers 

vawydebiT, `tician tabiZis mwamebeli — krimiani- maSin 

Turme 21 wlis iyo~. es tkivilebi ki ar akninebs, aramed maTi 

sulebi iseT ganzomilebaSi gadahyavs, sadac didi wamebis 

atana didbunebovnebis niSani xdeba. 

1959 wlis 17 marts galaktioni TviTmkvlelobiT amTavrebs 

sicocxles. 

1966 wlis 9 agvistos gardaicvala gogla. 

2000 wlis 25 ivniss galaktions saqarTvelos marTlmadideblurma 

eklesiam Seundo TviTmkvleloba. 

galaktioni da gogla mTawmindaze ganisveneben. 

galaktionis poeziis baRSi atmis yvavilebis surneli 

dgas. atmis rtoa misi poeziis simbolo. qarTul poeziaSi 

igi atmis yvavilebis ciklis avtoria. 

`goglas poeziaSi martoxe òle~ gvamaxsovrebs Tavs. misi 

prozis martoxe ki `natvris xea~, _ romelTac TiTqos Sem- 

TxveviT, magram orives maradiuli mcveli miuCina: oles _ 

ololebi, natvris xes ki masze Seyinuli eliozi~, _ wers 

profesori Tamar barbaqaZe (barbaqaZe 2001: 3). 

galaktionis biografiidan irkveva, rom pirveli krebulis 

gamocemisTanave (1914 w. ivnisi) igi gamoeyo Tavis Tanamedrove 

poetebs. 1916 wlis oqtomber-noemberSi gamovida 

`cisferi yanwebis~ pirveli nomeri, sadac misi nebarTvis gareSe 

daibeWda `mTawmindis mTvare~ da `lurja cxenebi~. 

`martoobis ordenis kavaleri~ uaryofs `cisferyanwel- 

Ta~ ordenis wevrobas. erTgan wers: `quTaisSi gamovida 

samxatvro-saliteraturo Jurnali, qarTveli simbolistebis 

organo. TanamSromlebi: k. nadiraZe, g. tabiZe, s. cirekiZe, 

v. gafrindaSvili, _ da iqve minaweri, _ idiotizmi 

amaze Sors ver wava~. igi Tavs ar Tvlis `cisferyanwelad~ 

(tabiZe 2008b: 304). 

135

gogla leoniZisaTvis ki `cisferyanwelTa~ ordenis wevroba 

mxolod Wabukuri gataceba da bohemuri trfiali ar 

yofila. Sinaganma dramatizmma, piradulma mZafrma gancdebma 

da msoflaRqmam Sesabamisi forma moiTxova, da amitomac 

gaiziara man poeziiT daSanTuli cameti yanwelis manifesti. 

1915 wlidan galaktioni axali xelovnebisaken iRebs 

kurss. Tu manam poetis SemoqmedebiTi zrda evoluciuri 

iyo, gardatexa ukve aSkara xdeba. galaktionis leqsis Tvisobrivi 

ganaxlebis periodi qronologiurad win uswrebs 

`cisferyanwelTa~ koleqtiur gamosvlas. galaktionis àrt 

poetiq~ erTi wliT adre iwereba, vidre ticianis manifesti. 

sanam `cisferyanwelebi~ TavianT jgufs aformeben, gariTmul 

Tu gauriTmav deklaraciebs weren da Jurnalis gamocemisTvis 

emzadebian, yoveldRiuri, yovelkvireuli da yovel- 

Tviuri presis furclebze galaktionis Sedevrebi ibeWdeba. 

es rTuli da mwvave brZolis periodi iyo, romelic ar 

SeiZleba ar arekliliyo mis Canawerebsa Tu dRiurebSi. am 

brZolas galaktioni rainduli sidarbaisliT warmarTavda. 

mokrZalebiT eqceoda maT, romelTac Tavisi leqsis xasiaTiT 

upirispirdeboda. galaktionis poetur reformas eTikuri 

mxarec hqonda, radgan dapirispireba arasdros qceula 

xmamaRali gancxadebebisa da Seuracxmyofeli poeturi 

gamosvlebis sababi. magram galaktionic adamiani iyo, Tan 

swamda Tavisi erTaderToba da ganumeorebloba (`vwuxvar, 

erTaderTi var~). rasac garegnulad kargad umkladeboda, 

aTas striqonSia gamoyvanili. galaktionis saarqivo gamocemis 

ocdaxuTi tomis am mimarTebiT wakiTxvam ulevi gulistkiviliani 

Canaweri amogvawevina. didi poetebis biografiuli 

Canawerebi, ubis wignakebi Tu dRiurebi, rac ar unda 

wvrilman ambavs ukirkitebdes, mainc sainteresoa. 

gogla leoniZe publicistur werilSi `Cabnelbuli armazi~ 

_ mimoixilavs qarTuli leqsis ganviTarebis gzas da 

askvnis: `qarTveli moleqseni dRes ver iCenen originalobas, 

maTSi mxolod qarTuli enis musikaluri svindisia daculi. 

sakuTari maT ara moepovebaT ra. maT ar SeswevT subieqturi 

mReris unari. maT ar abadiaT sakuTari simRera~. 

`... ar iqneba es simarTle, ...Cemze sweria: `tia-tioniT, _ 

mReris tabiZe galaktioni~. _ SeuniSnavs `mTawmindis 

mTvaris~, `Tovlis~, `merisa~ da `lurja cxenebis~ avtors. 

(tabiZe 2008a: 205). 

poeti Tavis gulistkivils erTgan ase gamoxatavs: àmas 

ar unda didi kvleva... `cisferyanwelebi~ axla arian kolau 

136

nadiraZe, Salva afxaiZe, sergo kldiaSvili, raJden gvetaZe.. 

isini axerxeben futuristebTan saerTo enis gamonaxvas. 

sainteresoa, ra kavSirSia maTTan giorgi leoniZe... maT sxva, 

winandeli poziciebi datoves, mxolod Cems winaaRmdeg dganan 

Zvel poziciaze~ (tabiZe 2008g: 242-43). 

`galaktioni martosuli iyo da aravis ar ikarebda, - igonebs 

poeti silovan narimaniZe, - aqve unda iTqvas, rom gogla 

leoniZe didad afasebda mis poezias~ (`lit. saqarTvelo~ 

2000w. 22 IX). TiTqos am mogonebas exmaurebao, aseTi leqsi 

Cauweria galaktions. 

Rameebs vaTev, kvlav sixaruliT 

Cemken ocneba modis mxaruliT, 

bedniereba-martoobaa _ 

ra vpove brboSi me siaruliT. 

(ùZilo Rameebi~, tabiZe 2008d: 119) 

aq ki erTgvari kmayofilebiT wers: `... suliaSvili, mosaSvili 

da leoniZe rom yofiliyvnen, isinic mxars damiWerdnen. 

miRebul iqna winadadeba Cemi iubiles mowyobis Sesaxeb~ 

(tabiZe 2008a: 304). Canaweri uTariRoa. 

galaktioni SeCveulia elitisagan zurgSeqcevas. Tumca 

dumili zogjer aSkarad Tqmulzec uaresia. elita àrtistul 

yvavilebs~ gauCumda, `zarniSiani wigni~ ver SeamCnia. 

1922 wlis ivniss, `poetebis mefes~ pirvelive afiSirebuli 

saRamo CauSales. 1947 wels, martSi, konservatoriis mcire 

darbazSi gamocxadebuli saRamo aukrZales da gasakviri ar 

aris, rom am CanaweriT madlierebas gamoxatavs. 

uTqvamT: poeti rom mokla, amisTvis tyvia ar aris saWiro, 

poets sityva klavs da sityva acocxlebso. 

sxvagan aseT rames CainiSnavs: `leoniZem gadaxeda gamocemaTa 

gegmebs da Tqva: galaktionis akademiuri gamocema am 

wels unda mogvardeso~ (tabiZe 2008d: 484), rac misTvis Zalzed 

mniSvnlovani iyo. miT umetes, roca mis biografiaSi mavanTa 

sityva da saqme acdenili iyo erTmaneTs. 1954 wels 

stalinur premiaze waradgines da premia ar mianiWes. 1957 

wels `mSvidobis wigni~ ar daubeWdes. 

galaktionma amaRlebul ocnebasa da damZimebul sinamdviles 

Soris gaatara wuTisofeli. erTgan Zalian gauRizianebia 

werilis Sinaarss... `marTlac aklia `literatura da 

xelovnebas~ literaturuli sindisi... werils werde sabWo- 

Ta mwerlobaze da ar axseno galaktion tabiZe? Turme es 

SesaZlebeli yofila! sabWoTa mwerlebad aq naxsenebi arian: 

137

giorgi leoniZe... grigol abaSiZe... gamodis, rom sabWoTa 

poezia iwyeba leoniZiT da mTavrdeba abaSiZiT?~ (t. XXI, 

gv.521-523). 

arc es gulistkivilia usafuZvlo, radgan 1958 wels leninur 

premiaze uTxres uari, xan dekadentobas swamebdnen, 

xan _ simbolizmis epigonobas. 

poeti erT-erT kritikoss sayvedurobs calmxrivobis 

gamo: `stalinur epoqas~ kritikosi iwyebs giorgi leoniZis 

leqsebis dawyebis xanidan... 1925 wlidan... aSkaraa, aq kritikosi 

gangeb sCadis siyalbes, igi amaxinjebs, revs, falsifikacias 

ukeTebs qronologias... ras uSveba kritikosi danar- 

Cenebs, mag: maSaSvils, mosaSvils, Ciqovans, euls? da sxvebs? 

Turme yvelas win miuZRoda leoniZe, aSkara calmxrivobaa... 

aSkara mikerZoebaa~. ramdenime striqonis Semdeg aseTi ram 

Cauweria: `leoniZe ar aris pirvelxarisxovani ostati~ 

(tabiZe 2008b: 267-268). 

jibo lomaSvili igonebs: `mas, [goglas], arasdros 

uTqvams pirveli varo, magram xSirad ityoda, _ `meoTxe xom 

varo!~ erTxel, kerZod, 1958 wels — vaJaobaze, galaktioni 

ar rCeboda gaSlil sufrasTan da giorgi eubneboda mas: 

`galaktion, Sen xom Cvens Soris pirveli xar, pirveli, da 

gTxovT CvenTan, sufrasTan mobrZandio. galaktioni ki ar 

gaCerda da Tbilisisaken wamovida~. 

galaktioni isev wuxs: ìs [gogla] amtkicebs, rom `me sxva 

var, galaktion tabiZe sxvao”, e.i. me ufro maRla vdgevaro... 

is umtkicebs (rom pirveli poetia) Salva radians, 

abzianiZes, xerxeuliZes da sxvebs... imas, rom Cemze maRla 

dgas. aRwevs kidevac mizans... qedmaRlobs. jer Cemi ambavi 

kargad ar icis~ (tabiZe 2008d: 206). 

moskovSi, dekadaze yofnisas aseTi dakvirveba uwarmoebia: 

`sul erTnairi Tvalebi aqvT, [dekadis monawileebs] 

albaT, xSirad xvdebian erTmaneTs... ratom aqvT ase erTnairi 

Tvalebi, aseTi Tvalebi axla mweralTa kavSirSic gadmovida. 

saxisa da Tvalebis moZraobis igive ieri, ase warmoidgineT, 

leoniZesac igiv ieri gadadebia. sruliad axali 

ieri, raRac sxvanairi, loTi-foTuri~. 

Jurnalistma levan javaxiSvilma eqskluziuri interviu 

CamoarTva galaktionis mZRols, wyneTel arCil mRebriSvils. 

ai, ras gviambobs igi: `[galaktions] gogla leoniZe uyvarda 

Zalian. am kacs, [goglas] erTxel ar uTqvams galaktioni 

loTiao. [galaktioni] iZaxda, gogla vaJkacia, ramdenjer 

mTvrali vunaxivar da sayveduri ar dascdeniao~. 

138

isev moskovi. 23 marti. dekada. `leoniZe Semxvda sastumrosTan, 

miTxra: `_ar gisadilnia, kaco! modi aq SevideTo~. 

me vuTxari, rom saqmeze meCqareba-meTqi. `droSebi maRla, 

maRla, sul maRla! ... magram leoniZe Tavisas ganagrZobs. igi 

mTvrali Semxvda... agviklo yvela... axlac mTvralia. goglam 

Semdeg me mommarTa: galaktion, wavideT CemTan, davlioT 

Rvinoo. me madloba vuTxari didi, Semovivli rogormemeTqi. 

igi wavida. Ramis 12-is naxevari iyo. (esec Seni dekadis 

monawile)~ (tabiZe 2008b: 499). 

galaktionis mZRolis naambobidan: èrTxel mweralTa 

kavSirSi Cemi (galaktionis) loTobis sakixi ganixiles. zogi 

Cems garicxvas iTxovda kidec, Tu smas ar daanebebs Tavs, 

gavricxavTo. 

gogla amdgara da uTqvams _ kargiT, davuSvaT galaktioni 

gavricxeT, mere ras vSvrebiTo? viRacas uTqvams, mere 

ra moxda, ugalaktionod mweralTa kavSiri ar iarsebebso? 

goglas gascinebia, maSin am kavSirs saxeli gadavarqvaT, 

fxizel da aramsmel mweralTa kavSiri davarqvaT, galaktioni 

ki, ginda kavSiris wevri iyos, ginda ara, mainc galaktionad 

darCeba. imaT ikiTxon, aTtomeuli rom gamouciaT ukve 

da galaktionis erTi leqsis saRirali jerac ver dauweriaT~. 

erTgan galaktions daunomravs mosmenili: `yuri vugde 

radios. leoniZe iTxovs: igi iTxovs partiisagan 1) me Cemi 

sakuTari xma maqvso 2) me ZiriTadad qarTveli varo 3) me 

samSoblos momRerali varo 4) me vaJam damlocao 5) axla Sen 

genacvalo! es aris axali toni. Txovna partiisadmi leqsiT. 

is Txovs partias raRacas; magram is raRac, ar gaaCnia 

partias~ (tabiZe 2008a: 232). 

poeti emzar kvitaiSvili goglasadmi miZRvnil werilSi 

sayvedurobs masze paskvilis damwers, romelic gogla 

leoniZes, grigol orbelianisa da galaktion tabiZis fonze, 

miuxedavad didi niWierebisa, uzneo pirovnebad ixseniebs. 

igi [gogla] Turme, ara iZulebiT, aramed Segnebulad 

emsaxureboda sabWoTa reJims da TiTqos amas umsxverplia 

misi poeziac. 

emzar kvitaiSvili wers: `viTareba isea warmodgenili, 

TiTqos, galaktion tabiZe mxolod balastSeurevel “wminda 

xelovnebas~ emsaxura. galaktion tabiZes arafrad ar esaWiroeba 

yalbismqmnelis es TvalTmaqcuri ileTebi; sabWoeTsa 

da mis beladebs igi giorgi leoniZeze aranakleb xotbas 

asxamda. 

139

es orive maTganis tragedia iyo, orive maTganis poezia 

sagrZnoblad dazaralda amis gamo; magram oriveni gigantur 

figurebad darCnen da, amdenad, sinamdvilis Selamazeba 

sruliad zedmetia, realobas Tvali unda gavusworoT~. 

galaktioni Tavis ubis wignakSi iniSnavs:àkademiaSi eqvsi 

xma miiRo [goglam]. Sariam CainiSna. SemoiRo saxelwodeba 

`poeti-akademikosi~ da Zalian iWimeba~ (tabiZe 2008g: 238). 

goglas SviliSvili, giorgi qavTaraZe werilSi `gogla 

axlodan... welTa siSoridan~ igonebs: “erTxel zedmetad 

gaTamamebuli mis kabinetSi Sesuls xumrobiT Semomitia, _ 

`Sen etyoba ar ici, ramxela poets elaparakebio~. mec ixtibari 

ar gavitexe da xumrobiTve SevekiTxe: `Sen ufro didi 

poeti xar Tu galaktioni?~ uecrad sruliad seriozulad 

mipasuxa: `galaktionic didi poetia, Zalze faqizi poeturi 

bunebis, poeziis gedia~. mere isev xumrobiTve dasZina: `Sen 

me egere nu miyureb, me lomi var, lomi! Cems fass mxolod 

Cemi asi wlis iubileze gaigeb!~ 

galaktioni yvelafers amCnevs da isev iniSnavs: `leoniZe 

_ SemTxveviT araa. abralebs. ar aris marTali, gindac iyos 

lomebi... g. tabiZe. Ciqovani. iosebi ar mova, avadaa griSaSvili. 

irakli da misi abaSiZe~ (tabiZe 2008d: 270). 

arCil mRebriSvilis mogonebidan: `mweralTa kavSirSi 

galaktionis loTobis sakiTxis ganxilvisas, irakli abaSiZe 

amdgara, Tema daxurulia, verdiqti gamotanilia: galaktioni 

rCeba kavSiris wevrado. goglas gaugrZelebia, romc 

gavricxoT, ra unda wavarTvaT galaktions. erTi kabineti 

aqvs da iqac TveSi erTxel Semoivlis xolmeo. niWs magas veravin 

waarTmevs da galaktioni galaktionad darCeba. Cven 

vikiTxoT mere, magis xelnawerebi ki xelidan xelSi gadava. 

arada, davuSvaT, gavricxeT, ukeTesi vin unda miviRoT, iqneb 

miTxras vinmemo. amiT daumTavrebia goglas. 

marTla Zalian uyvarda goglas galaktioni. kaxeTSi Tu 

TbilisSi, ar maxsovs pur-marili gaekeTebinos da galaktioni 

ar daepatiJos... galaktionic pativs Taviseburad scemda... 

gogla rom dapatiJebda, im dRes ar svamda... iZaxda, Cems 

goglas ar vawyenineb, dRes ar davlev, fxizeli unda mivideo! 

sul gaTiSuli mTvralic rom mimitanon, mainc arafers 

ityvis, da ai, swored amitom ar minda rom nasvami mivideo~. 

_ ase asrulebs mogonebas galaktionis mZRoli. 

cxadia, rom araferi gamoepareba: `leoniZem akademiaSi 

gverdiT gamiara. Tavi ugunebod damikra (xelis CamorTmevaze 

laparaki zedmetia) albaT, cudadaa misi saqme~. Tumca 

140

dakonkretebuli araferia (tabiZe 2008d: 334). magram aseTi 

ramec SeuniSnavs: ìeriSiT modis feigini (rus mweralTa 

Tavmjdomare), TiTqos leoniZes konfliqti mouvida~ 

(tabiZe 2008d: 113). 

erTgan dainteresdeba: `vin aris netav is gunia, leoniZes 

rom aqebs~ (tabiZe 2008b: 242). 

sxvagan ase dauwyvilebia, `me da griSaSvili~ (tabiZe 

2008b: 538). 

Tormettomeulis XII tomSi marTebuli daskvna aqvs poema 

`forToxalaze~. `forToxala~ siuJeturi leqsia, magram mainc 

unda iTqvas, rom siuJeti ar exerxeba leoniZes iseve, 

rogorc ar exerxeboda igi bevrs Cvens poets. am mxriv TiTqmis 

erTsa da igive (imave) suraTs iZleva rogorc leoniZis, 

ise tabiZis, griSaSvilis, abaSelis, ir. abaSiZisa da Ciqovanis 

poezia. sainteresoa poet emzar kvitaiSvilis mogoneba riTma 

mefeTa-SemomefeTas Sesaxeb. 

igi igonebs goglas naambobs: `...am bolo dros riTmas SeuSves 

xeli, afuCeCeben, striqonma Zala da moqniloba dakarga. 

agre ar gamova saqme. riTma, ai, aseTi unda, me rom maqvs- 

“ninowmindis RameSi~ _ `mefeTa-SemomefeTa~ ... mxrebi Seerxa, 

mZafri maxviliT daWeda es sityvebi, _ Sig gulSi unda 

urtyamdes!~ 1926 wels qveyndeba giorgi leoniZis cnobili 

leqsi `ninowmindis Rame~. 

ninowminda... palatebi mefeTa... 

galavanSi - jami aqafebuli. 

Seni saxe risTvis SemomefeTa, 

xati iyav - vefxvi daqalebuli... 

erTi da igive riTma sxvadasxva sityvier da ritmul garemocvaSi 

sxvadasxvagvarad JRers. 

1921 wlis 25 ianvars galaktioni poetebis mefed airCies. 

1922 wels iwyebs `martoobas~, wers calfa riTmiT gawyobil 

mxolod oTxnaxevar striqons (romelsac naxevari striqoni 

moakveces da ise Seitanes Tormettomeulis meore tom- 

Si, Tumca meSvideSi calkea `daumTavrebeli leqsebi~). 

upirvelesi momaniWes dafna mefeTa, 

am dRes movida TeTri Tovli da martooba 

gavaRe kari, TeTri Tovli SemomefeTa, 

mivxure kari, martoobam daisadgura! 

amieridan me marto var... 

141

1915 wels unda iyos dawerili usaTauro èlvare da 

lomferi~, aqac hqonda aseTive: 

142 

cxra arCevis dRe iyo 

poetebis mefeTa, 

cxraascxraSi grigali 

gzaze SemomefeTa. 

leqsi 1927 wels dabeWda pirvelad da es strofi amoiRo. 

baironis arc es Targmani gamouqveynebia. 

gaTavda! guSin mZleTamZleoba 

gvirgvinosani mefe mefeTa _ 

dRes usaxelo xar saxeoba 

romels dacemis mze SeefeTa. 

(javaxaZe 1991: 405-406) 

mefeTa _ SemomefeTa ziari riTmaa galaktionisa da 

goglas poeziaSi. riTmis wyvileuli orive leqsSi identuria, 

Tumca orivegan sxvadasxva ganwyobilebisa da Sinaarsis 

Semcveli. 

galaktionis mefeTa _ SemomefeTa Tovlis fifqis siwmindisa 

da sispetakis SegrZnebas badebs. `dafna mefeTa~ is 

gvirgvinia, romlis simZimes martoobaSi ufro grZnobs poetebis 

mefe. 

goglas riTmaSi aqcentirebulia zmna v SemomefeTa. xolo 

sintagmas `vefxvi daqalebuli~, asociaciuriad nestandarejanis 

xatebasTan mivyavarT. amdenad, riTma `mefeTa _ 

SemomefeTa~ mamris ucabed, moxdenil SekrTomas Camohgavs 

da amdenad, moulodnel da iSviaT riTmaTa rigs ganekuTvneba. 

Cveni dakvirvebiT, galaktion tabiZesa da gogla leoni- 

Zes Secnobili hqondaT urTierTsimaRle. kvlevisas xelT 

gvqonda galaktion tabiZis `saarqivo gamocema ocdaxuT 

wignad~; dasanania, rom ar arsebobs gogla leoniZis aseTive 

gamocema da ZiriTadad werilebiTa da mogonebebiT SemovifargleT. 

es, ra Tqma unda, ukmarisobis gancdas badebda, 

Tumca vfiqrobT, rom galaktionis mier samizned goglas 

arCeva, misi poeziis aRiarebiTaa gapirobebuli. faqtia, rom 

geniosebi poetur metoqeobas ar uweven da gamWvirvale qveteqstebiT 

ar mimarTaven maT, romelTa niWica da SemoqmedebiTi 

energiac saTuoa maTTvis. 

mwerali revaz inaniSvili wers: `roca ukanasknel gzaze 

mivacilebdiT, bevri laparaki iyo leoniZis adgilze lite-

aturul samyaroSi. zogni _ erovnuli sawyisebidan gamomdinare 

_ ewodnen mas ganuzomlad maRla, imdenad maRla, 

rom iqedan ZlivsRa moCanda Cveni poeziis sxva mwvervalebi~. 

arc im mwvervalidan da arc aseTi SeTanasworebiT araferi 

mohklebia galaktionis leqsebis guguns galaktikaSi. 

revaz TvaraZem qarTvel mwerlebs galaktionis striqonebi 

moargo da miusadaga...sainteresoa, `poetebis mefis~ 

romel citatas moixdens ukeT gogla leoniZe _ XX saukunis 

`qarTuli sityvis bazieri~. 

damowmebani: 

tabiZe 1970: tabiZe g. Txzulebani Tormet tomad. t. XII. Tb.: `sabWoTa 

saqarTvelo~,1970. 

tabiZe 2008a: tabiZe g. `saarqivo gamocema ocdaxuT wignad~. 

literaturis matiane. t. XVI. Tb.: 2008. 

tabiZe 2008b: tabiZe g. `saarqivo gamocema ocdaxuT wignad~. 

literaturis matiane. t. XVII. Tb.: 2008. 

tabiZe 2008g: tabiZe g. `saarqivo gamocema ocdaxuT wignad~. 

literaturis matiane. t. XVIII. Tb.: 2008. 

tabiZe 2008d: tabiZe g. `saarqivo gamocema ocdaxuT wignad~. 

literaturis matiane. t. XIX. Tb.: 2008. 

javaxaZe 1991: javaxaZe v. ucnobi. Tb.: `nakaduli~, 1991. 

(http://burusi.wordpress.com/2010/03/20/galaktion-2/ 

143

nunu balavaZe 

144 

* * * 

`gana leqsi leqsi ari Tu darCeba munji?~ 

(giorgi leoniZis Tbilisuri leqsis evfonia) 

leqsisa da prozis ganmasxvavebel niSanTagan evfonia 

erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia, rac keTilxmovanebas niSnavs. 

mas TiTqmis yvela poeti mimarTavs. am TvalsazrisiT giorgi 

leoniZis poeziac ipyrobs mkiTxvelis yuradRebas, romel- 

Tanac gamovyofdiT Tbilisisadmi miZRvnil leqsebs (sxvadasxva 

dros dawerils, magram, TiTqosda, erT periodSi Seqmnils). 

guram asaTiani aRniSnavda, rom `giorgi leoniZe 

qarTuli mwerlobis sarbielze poetebis im saxelovan pleadasTan 

erTad gamovida, romelTac TavianTi SemoqmedebiT 

e. w. urbanistuli, qalaquri azrovneba daamkvidres XX saukunis 

poeziaSi. sofluri simyudrove, idilia TiTqos samudamod 

Cabarda dros...~ (leoniZe 2001: 146). giorgi 

leoniZis Tbilisisadmi miZRvnili leqsebi TavianTi bgerweriT 

saintereso da mniSvnelovania. 

akaki xinTibiZe werda: èvfonia saimedo Zalaa didi poetis 

xelSi azrobrivi gamZafrebis dros, mxatvruli efeqtis 

misaRwevad~ (xinTibiZe 2000: 105). aqedan gamomdinare, 

giorgi leoniZis zemoaRniSnul leqsebSi vnaxavT, ra datvirTva 

eniWeba evfonias mxatvruli saxis, anda leqsis melodiis 

SeqmnaSi. 

giorgi leoniZe leqsSi `Tbilisis ostatebi~ kibur aliteracias 

mimarTavs: 

àq adideben dampal kintos, TaTrul muxambazs, 

abanos wvires, Sua bazris koriantelsa, 

gaberil Sarvals, yaraCoxels... (gasamxelia?) 

aq iviwyeben firosmanis mzian muSambas...~. 

(leoniZe 1980: 79) 

pirveli striqonis bolo nawili bgerweriT ukavSirdeba 

meore striqonis dasawyiss. `TaTrul maxambazs~ mosdevs 

àbanos wvires~, sadac m, x, b, n, r bgerebi erTmaneTTan 

melodiurad jdeba. garda amisa, aliteracia gamoxatavs 

leqsis ganwyobilebas, romelSic Zveli Tbilisis suraTebi 

cocxldeba: kinto Tavisi damaxasiaTebeli CacmulobiT,

TaTruli muxambazi, abano, bazari da rac mTavaria _ 

firosmani. am saxelebis CamoTvla imitom Wirdeba poets, 

rom es yvelaferi Tbilisis savizito baraTia. amasTanave, 

giorgi leoniZe Segnebulad mimarTavs e. w. muxambazur 

kilos. leqsSi gvxvdeba a savrcobic, rac damaxasiaTebelia 

`Tbilisuri~ leqsisTvis: 

àbanos wvires, Sua bazris koriantelsa, 

beqa opizars, ostatobis wminda anderZsa~. 

(leoniZe 1980: 80) 

bolo strofSi asonanss vxvdebiT: 

`vxedavT maT naTels, Saravandeds scviva fanteli, 

aTi aTasi mTawmindaze brwyinavs sanTeli, 

Tavs dagnaTian, sataxtoo, dido, ukvdavo, 

rom maTma sxivma samudamod gagasufTavos!~ 

(leoniZe 1980:80) 

sityvebi: àTi aTasi~, `mTawminda~, `brwyinva~ erTmaneT- 

Tan Sinaarsobrivad zustad jdeba. mTawminda wminda adgilia, 

sadac, poetis warmodgenaSi, sanTlebi unda brwyinavdes. 

rac Seexeba àTi aTass~ _ es evfoniurad sityvas `mTawminda~ 

esadageba, radgan aq Seusabamo iqneboda Tundac àsi 

aTasi~. 

bolo or xazSi i, a, o xmovnebis monacvleoba, anu 

asonansia: 

`Tavs dagnaTian sataxtoo, dido, ukvdavo, 

rom maTma sxivma samudamod gagasufTavos!~ 

gamoyenebuli asonansi esadageba leqsis finals, romelic 

madlierebiTa da momavlis rwmeniT aris savse. 

leqsSi `Tbilisis poetebi~ TiTqmis yvela striqonSi asonanss 

vxvdebiT: 

`Cven bevri varT poetebi 

TiTqos Rrublis xoro, 

bevri rogorc sayvarelTan 

samelnesTan cxovrobs~. 

(leoniZe 1980: 88) 

pirvel striqonSi e, i xmovnebi monacvleoben, xolo momdevnoSi 

o da u. rac Seexeba sityvas `poeti~, igi sxvadasxva 

145

sityvasTan sxvadasxva elfers iZens. `bevri poeti~ _ b, p 

TanxmovanTa sameulis bgerebia da harmoniulad jdebian er- 

TmaneTSi; `Zveli poeti~ _ TiTqosda kontrastul wyvils 

qmnis rogorc formiT, ise Sinaarsobrivad: 

146 

`bevri muqTad atrialebs 

sityvas sanayelsa, 

Zvel poetebs ver ahyveba 

verc besikis yelsa~. 

(leoniZe 1980: 88) 

rogorc vxedavT, giorgi leoniZis warmodgenaSi `bevri 

poeti~ axal dros ukavSirdeba, romelic ver Seedreba `Zvel 

poets~, igive `besikis yels~. aqedan gamomdinare, giorgi 

leoniZe axali Tbilisis poetebs ase axasiaTebs: `Cven ki _ 

Seni mRvria mtkvari~ _ es striqoni ki kiburi aliteraciis 

meoridan mesame striqons erwymis: 

`...SeniT bednierTa, 

leqsebiTurT Tan wagviRbs 

qalaqis sxva mtverTan~. 

(leoniZe 1980: 88) 

`bednieria~ da `leqsebiTurT~ logikurad midian strofis 

bolo nawilTan _ `mtverTan~, romlebSic r, T Tanxmovnebi 

Sinaarssa da formas aerTianeben. 

giorgi leoniZe leqsSi `maS, ra vuyoT, poetebo~... TiTqmis 

yovel striqonSi mimarTavs evfonias. isev qarTuli 

leqsis mkvlevars akaki xiTnibiZes moviSvelieb, romelic ambobda: 

`poeti SeiZleba sagangebod eZebdes leqsis sazoms, 

riTmas, metaforas, magram igi arasgziT ar eZebs aliteraciebs, 

romelTa Soris evfoniuri Tanxmoba sufevs. calkeuli 

SemTxvevebi amgvari Ziebisa xelovnuri da formalisturia, 

rac WeSmarit poeziad ar CaiTvleba~ (xinTibiZe 2000: 102). am 

Tvalsazrisidan gamomdinare, SesaZloa vifiqroT, rom poeti 

giorgi leoniZe ki ar `mimarTavs~ evfonias, aramed mas 

ase gamosdis leqsi. magram akaki xinTibiZe amasac SeniSnavs: 

àrc bgerweris SemTxveviTobaze laparaki SeiZleba. mas didi 

roli aqvs dakisrebuli mxatvruli saxis Seqmnis proces- 

Si~ (xinTibiZe 2000: 102). Sesbamisad, giorgi leoniZis Tbilisuri 

ciklis leqsebSi sityvaTa bgerwera did rols 

TamaSobs.

`gadeyara nariyalas 

nacriani buri... 

xaSi, 

xili 

da Tonidan amoyrili puri~. 

(leoniZe 1980: 101) 

sainteresoa leqsis pirvelive striqoni _ `gadeyara nariyalas~. 

poets rom daewera `daefina nariyalas~ an sxva amgvari 

Sinaarsis fraza, maSin es ori sityva evfoniur wyvils 

ver Seqmnida. y, r, l bgerebi erTmaneTs mihyveba Tanmimdevrulad. 

anda: 

ìsev-ise damwifdeba 

veris baRSi bali~. 

(leoniZe 1980:101) 

b, a Tanxmovansa da xmovans mesame striqonSic mosdevs 

imave bgerebisgan Semdgari sityva: 

àbanodan amaivlis 

Tvalcicima qali~. 

(leoniZe 1980: 102) 

amasTanave, Tu pirvelsa da meore striqonSi i, e-s asonanss 

vxvdebiT, mesame da meoTxe striqonebSi ukve a, i-s asonansia. 

aqedan gamomdinare, giorgi leoniZis leqsi imdenad 

evfoniuria, rom masSi erTdroulad aliteraciac aris da 

asonansic. Sesabamisad, poets Tamamad SeuZlia Tqvas Semdegi 

Sinaarsis sityvebi: 

`gana leqsi leqsi ari, 

Tu darCeba munji?~. 

(leoniZe 1980: 102) 

leqsSi TiToeul sityvas, bgeras Tavisi saTqmeli unda 

hqondes, rac poetis SegnebaSi niSnavs imas, rom poeziaSi yvelaferi 

metyveldeba, guli ibertyeba xunjiniviT da striqonebSi 

jdeba musika da feri _ erTgvari kodi da ganwyobileba 

leqsisa. 

`hkivis TaTrul simRerebiT 

mwveli eTim-gurji, 

swveTs RvinoSi Cawobili 

firosmanis funji~. 

(leoniZe 1980: 102) 

147

s, w, C Tanxmovnebi acocxlebs firosmanis ferTa palitras, 

romlebSic warsuli da awmyo erTmaneTs enacvleba 

mtirali WianuriT, metiveTi da wyneTuri mawvnis qiliT... 

momdevno leqsi `saaTnava~ Semdegi striqonebiT iwyeba: 

148 

ès sawyali saaTnava 

siyvarulma gaaTava~. 

(leoniZe 19870: 103) 

miuxedavad imisa, rom aq, erTi SexedviT, evfonia ar Cans, 

Tavisi SinaarsiT poeti asonanss sTavazobs mkiTxvels: 

`saaTnava _ gaaTava~ ara mxolod riTmas qmnis. a da o bgerebi 

da amasTan erTad `siyvarulma~ unda iTqvas, rom leqsikur 

evfonias gvaZleven. 

momdevno strofSi asonansebi da aliteracia erTmaneTs 

enacvleba: 

`Seni Tari _ Savardeni 

aris oqros avJandiTa~. 

(leoniZe 1980: 104) 

S, n, r da amis paralelurad a, o, i bgerebi, anda calkeuli 

frazebi: `pirlamazi mezobeli~ _ vxvdebiT: msazRvreli da 

sazRvruli erTmaneTs aliteraciiT ukavSirdeba _ z, l 

Tanxmovnebi orive sityvaSia. 

leqsis bolo strofSi ki evfonia TiTqmis yvelgan gvxvdeba: 

`dRes Tbilisis meidanze 

me var leqsis qandirbazi; 

samqebarod CaxCaxeben 

CiraRdani, fiandazi~. 

(leoniZe 1980: 104) 

isev e. w. kiburi aliteraciaa `qandirbazi _ samqebarod~ 

momdevno striqonze gadadis. aseve gadadis fraza: `CaxCaxeben 

_ CiraRdani~... 

Tamaz vasaZe SeniSnavs, rom `poeti is aris, visac ena Tavis 

saidumlos gaandobs da amiT samyaros namdvili saxis danaxvis 

SesaZleblobas aniWebs~ (leoniZe 2001:261). giorgi 

leoniZec `Tbilisis ganTiadSi~ qalaqisgan gamowveul STabeWdilebebs 

xatavs: 

àq yvela biWi sazandrobs 

yvela hkvexs winapariTa; 

gulgamoWrili sazamTro 

SemoganaTebs parviTa~. 

(leoniZe 1980: 127)

isev Tbilisi Cndeba mTeli Tavisi didebulebiT: aivnebze 

gadmokidebuli noxebi, mtkvari, mTawminda. am yvelafers ki 

poeti aliteraciebiT gadmoscems: 

`gamovel, msurda yvavili, 

lamaz qalisTvis meyidna, 

daWril xevsuris TaviviT 

mTvare mTebs gadmoeyvinTa~. 

(leoniZe 1980: 127) 

mesame striqonis bolo sityva jaWvurad erwymis momdevno 

striqonis yvela frazas: `TaviviT mTvare mTebs gadmoeyvinTa~. 

unda aRiniSnos erTi: g. leoniZis evfonia klasikuri xaziT 

ar Semodis leqsSi. masTan, xSir SemTxvevaSi, bgerwera 

iwyeba sityvis meore nawilidan da ase grZeldeba momdevno 

striqonis bolomde: 

`daCnda sina/Tle laliviT 

kalmaxis wiTel xaliviT~... 

(leoniZe 1980: 127) 

T, l bgerebis TamaSia. yovelive amasTan erTad ki calkeuli 

frazebi Semodian: 

àRar axsovda tolebi 

arc mtris dartymuli torebi...~ 

`quCas, Sukas da moedans 

vardi eyara mravali~... 

anda: `xma erTi ZaliT Sekruli 

exoebs exeTqeboda~... 

(leoniZe 19870: 127) 

amgvar Cvenebebs mohyveba dila: 

`roca ciskarma metexze 

lamis Rvarebi milama 

wyalSi gamoCnda meTevze, 

brwyinva daiwyo dilama~. 

(leoniZe 1980: 127) 

149

isev firosmani sdevs Tan poetis leqss. mniSvneloba ara 

aqvs, amas pirdapir ityvis Tu ara. meTevze firosmanTan 

asocirdeba mkiTxvelis aRqmaSi. 

am yvelafris fonze Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom 

`giorgi leoniZe Tanamedrove qarTuli poeturi sityvis 

erT-erTi yvelaze originaluri Semoqmedi da SesaniSnavi 

poetia~ da èvfoniuri wyoba, masze dafuZnebuli tonis simaRle 

mWidro kavSirSia SinaarsTan, leqsis ganwyobilebas- 

Tan~, aqedan gamomdinare, vxvdebiT _ giorgi leoniZis Tbilisuri 

leqsis evfonia Tavisi semantikiT pirdapir Sinaarsdeba 

poetisave sityvebSi: 

damowmebani: 

150 

`gana leqsi leqsi ari 

Tu darCeba munji?..~. 

(leoniZe 1980: 107) 

leoniZe 1980: leoniZe g. erTtomeuli. Tb.: `merani~, 1980. 

leoniZe 2001: leoniZe g. òle da ololebi~. Tb.: `saari~, 2001. 

xinTibiZe 2000: xinTibiZe a. qarTuli leqsmcodneoba. Tb.: Tsu 

gamomcemloba, 2000.

lana grZeliSvili 

giorgi leoniZe _ `WaSnikis~ mkvlevari 

giorgi leoniZe erT-erTi im iSviaTTagania, vinc Seecada 

sakuTari niWi da SesaZlebloba gamoevlina, rogorc poets, 

prozaikossa da mecniers. 

mkvlevris ampluaSi sakmaod patara asakSi moevlina sazogadoebas 

igi da, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom misi mecnieruli 

kvleva-Ziebisadmi miswrafeba mxolod gataceba ar yofila. 

amaze metyvelebs misi gamokvlevebis simravle da 

Rirebuleba. 

giorgi leoniZes ekuTvnis mTeli rigi monografiuli 

gamokvlevebisa da werilebisa: vaxtang meeqvsis, saiaTnovas, 

daviთ guramiSvilis, besik gabaSvilis, nikoloz baraTaSvilis, 

firosmanis, ivane maCablis, ilia WavWavaZis, akaki 

wereTlis, vaJa-fSavelas, vasil barnovis, mamia gurielis, 

aleqsandre yazbegis da sxvaTa cxovrebisa Tu Semoqmedebis 

Sesaxeb. 

TiToeuli maTganis gacnobisas, davinaxavT mkvlevris 

udides mondomebas da pasuxismgeblobas arCeuli saqmisadmi. 

igi cdilobs, dawvrilebiTi informacia mogvawodos da, 

rac SeiZleba, naTeli suraTi dagvixatos SemoqmedTa 

gasacnobad. 

garda biografiuli eskizisa da Semoqmedebis mimoxilvisa, 

avtori poetikur dakvirvebasac gvawvdis. am TvalsazrisiT, 

უ mniSvnelovanesia giorgi leoniZis mier 1920 wels 

gamocemuli `WaSniki. leqsis swavlis wigni“, romelsac daurTo 

vrceli winasityvaoba. 

nora kotinovi, statiaSi `giorgi leoniZis gamokvlevebi 

da gamocemebi“, `WaSnikis“ winasityvaobis mokle mimoxilvis 

Semdeg, daaskvnis: `vfiqrobT, naSromis ganxilvidan kargad 

Cans Wabuki mkvlevaris analitikuri azrovnebis niWi, romelic 

saocrad harmoniuladaa Sezavebuli misi, rogorc poetis, 

metaforul azrovnebasTan da poetur meditaciebTan“ 

(kotinovi 2000: 107). 

giorgi leoniZis am gamocemas win uswrebda al. xaxanaSvilis 

mier 1900 wels Jurnal `moambeSi“ dabeWdili `swavla 

leqsis Tqmisa“, xaxanaSvilisave winasityvaobiT, romelSic 

Sefasebulia baraTaSvilis naSromis mniSvneloba da adgili 

qarTuli literaturis Seswavlis saqmeSi. Semdgom amisa, 

151

givi miqaZe beWdavs dasaxelebul poetikur traqtats, jer 

Tbilisis universitetis studentTa samecniero Sromebis 

krebulSi 1950 wels, Semdeg `qarTuli poetikis qrestomaTiaSi“, 

1954 wels da mamuka baraTaSvilis TxzulebaTa krebul- 

Si 1969 wels. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom giorgi leoniZe am saqmes 19-20 wlis 

asakSi moeWida da Tavi SesaniSnavad gaarTva. winasityvaoba, 

pirvel yovlisa, xasiaTdeba sistemurobiT. gamokvleva, pirobiTad, 

ramdenime nawilad SeiZleba davyoT. Tavdapirvelad, 

mocemulia mokle Sefaseba `WaSnikisa“. giorgi leoniZe 

miiCnevs, rom igi Zveli poetikis restavraciaa, Secvlili da 

gaTanamedrovebuli. am Tvalsazrisis dasadastureblad moaqvs, 

erTi mxriv, SoTas poetika, Caxruxaulis, Zagnakorulis, 

fistikauris metrebi da `visramianis“ proza, romelTa 

gaTvaliswineba gvafiqrebinebs, rom XII saukuneSi Cven 

gvqonda kazmuli gemovnebis sakuTari kodeqsi, meore mxriv, 

ki, citata teqstidan, sadac mamuka baraTaSvili Sesrulebuli 

samuSaos Sesaxeb msjelobs: ès TiTo striqoni Zveli iyo 

da es mTeli leqsebi mefisave brZanebiT me mamuka baraTaSvilma 

vsTqvi. mas qveiTi xmebis leqsebi sul ase da gavarCie 

Zveli Zvelad da axali axlad sweria mTqmeli saxelebiTurT. 

am Zvelis TiTo striqonisagan vipove es axali da am Zvelis 

mTqmeli ar vicodi“ (leoniZe 1920: V). 

amasTanave, saTaurzec gvamaxvilebinebs yuradRebas: 

`swavla leqsTa Tqmisa, dasawyisi pirveli wignisa amis WaSnikis, 

povnili mamuka baraTaSvilisa mier ZvelTa naTqvamTagan“, 

da sabolood gvarwmunebs pirvelnaTqvamis sisworeSi. 

unda aRiniSnos, rom giorgi leoniZis es Tvalsazrisi 

siaxle iyo. al. xaxanaSvili `WaSnikis“ pirveli publikaciis 

winasityvaobaSi miuTiTebda, rom mamuka baraTaSvilis `leqsTa-swavla 

CvenSi pirveli Teoriuli moZRvrebaa“ (xaxanaSvili 

1900: 50). rogorc Cans, giorgi leoniZis aზ ri arc Semdeg 

gauziarebiaT. 1958 wels gamocemul `mamuka baraTaSvil- 

Si“ givi miqaZe SeniSnavs: àRniSnuli Sroma, gansakuTrebiT 

mniSvnelovania mamukas nawerebidan, radgan is warmoadgens 

qarTuli leqsis bunebis Seswavlis pirvel cdas“ (miqaZe 

1958: 45). 

ufro mogvianebiT ki, akaki xinTibiZe aRniSnavs: `Cvens 

samecniero literaturaSi ar iqna gaziarebuli giorgi 

leoniZis azri _ `WaSniki“ Zveli poetikis restavraciaao. 

saTauris fragmenti _ `povnili mamuka baraTaSvilis mier 

ZvelTa naTqvamTagan“, rogorc miuTiTeben, imas unda niS- 

152

navdes, rom mamukas sailustracio masala Tavisi TxzulebebisaTvis 

`ZvelTa naTqvamTagan“ amoukrebia (akaki gawerelia, 

givi miqaZe) Txzulebis saTaurSi leqsebis povnazea laparaki 

_ `swavla leqsis Tqmisa da dasawyisi pirveli wignisa 

amis ჭ aSnikisa, povnili“ ...da ara leqsis Tqmis swavlis 

povnaze. WaSniki leqsebs ewodeba da ara `swavlasa“: ùwode 

wignsa amas WaSniki leqsTa saxelad“ (baraTaSvili 1981: 42). 

akaki xinTibiZis azriT, `povnili mamuka baraTaSvilis 

mier“ stereotipuli frazaa, romliTac Sua saukuneebSi 

nawarmoebis siZvelisa da kompetenturobis xazgasmas 

cdilobdnen. 

amave azrs gamoTqvams akaki gawerelia, rodesac `qarTul 

klasikur leqsSi“ qarTuli versifikaciis kvlevis istoriis 

mimoxilvisas `WaSnikze“ da, sakuTriv, mis saTaurze msjelobs. 

`saTauri TiTqos miuTiTebs `WaSnikis“ prototipze 

Zvel qarTul literaturaSi. magram mamukamde Cven ar vicnobT 

poetikis saxelmZRvanelos da gamoTqma _ `povnili 

...ZvelTa naTqvamTagan“ _ unda niSnavdes avtoris mier 

magaliTebisa da nimuSebis dasaxelebas umTavresad klasikuri 

poeziidan (CaxruxaZe, rusTaveli) (gawerelia 1953: 44). 

aqve unda vaxsenoT nino darbaiselis naSromi `mamuka 

baraTaSvilis `WaSniki“ anu `swavla leqsis Tqmisa“ da evropuli 

versifikaciuli traqtatebi“, sadac avtori r. barami- 

Zis azris gaTvaliswinebiT, SeniSnavs, rom `povna“ pirdapiri 

mniSvnelobiT unda yofiliyo gagebuli, Seexeboda darTul 

sailustracio masalebs da ara dasawyissa da `tans“ leqsisa 

(darbaiseli: 2). 

winasityvaobaSi giorgi leoniZe aRniSnavs vaxtang meeqvsis 

damsaxurebasac qarTuli literaturis, samarTlis, 

istoriisa da gramatikis Seswavlis saqmeSi, ris Semdegac 

ubrundeba `WaSniks“ da cdilobs misi originalobis garkvevas. 

varaudobs, rom mamuka baraTaSvilis teqsტ i horaciusis 

da aristoteles traqtatebis gavlenas unda ganicdides da 

araviTar SemTxvevaSi bualos poetikisa, Tu `rusuli sxolastikisa“, 

im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom isini SedarebiT 

gvian Seiqmnen. 

giorgi leoniZis es SeniSvna metad mniSvnelovania. manamde 

al. xaxanaSvili miuTiTebda, rom `WaSniki“ horaciusis 

da bualos poetikebs mogvagonebs. leoniZe ki, cdilobs, 

qarTul poetikur traqtats kuTvnili adgili miuCinos 

msoflio literaturul sivrceSi. 

153

yovelive zemoT Tqmulis miuxedavad, mkvlevari mamuka 

baraთaSvilis poetikas istoriuli TvalsazrisiT ufro Rirebulad 

miiCnevs, vidre _ esTetikuriT da amis mizezad 

asaxelebs imas, rom es `didakტ ikuri kodeqsi maCvenebelia, 

Tu qarTuli poezia meTvramete saukuneSi ra dabla mdgara 

Teoriuli gagebiT, roca misi praqtikuli nimuSebi SedarebiT 

maRali iyo“ (leoniZe 1920: VII). 

Tumca akaki gawerelias azriT, mamuka baraTaSvilis `WaSniki“, 

swored qarTul poeziaSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis 

Teoriuli gamoZaxili iyo: `dro iyo ukve xmarebuli sazomebis 

aRwerisa da klasifikaciisa, iseTi saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnisa, 

romelic Tanamedroveebs gaurkvevda ama Tu im sazomis 

bunebas da daakanonebda misi uSecdomod xmarebis wesebs. 

analogiuri ganZraxvis anarekli moipoveba TviTon mamukas 

mTel rig miTiTebebSi. misi `WaSniki“ aris versifikaciis saxelmZRvanelo, 

romelic aswavlis sazomSi sityvebis erTmaneTTan 

`Sewyobis“, `muxlebis“ Sexamebas strofSi da a.S.“ 

(gawerelia 1953: 43). 

aqve unda mivuTiToT, rom `WaSniki“ Seiqmna klasicizmis 

epoqaSi da rogorc irma ratiani aRniSnavs, `meTvramete saukuneSi 

Seqmnili es Teoriuli traqtati Tavisi arsiT, Tu 

struqturiT sqolastikur-didaqtikur xasiaTs atarebs da 

savsebiT esadageba neoklasikur atmosferos“ (ratiani 2007: 

20). 

giorgi leoniZe xazs usvams poetikis religiuri niSnis 

maxasiaTebels da sainteresod racxs, aRniSnos, `rom Zveli 

qarTuli poezia, romelic iyo gagiJebuli Sairi erosis“ 

(leoniZe 1920 : VII), aRiarebs didaqtikuri `samRTo“ poeziis 

upiratesobas. amas ki qarTuli samRvdeloebisa da mefeebis 

Zaldatanebis Sedegad miiCnevs. gamoTqmuli azris naTelsayofad, 

mohyavs ramdenime citata, maT Soris: 

154 

àrCil mefe: òri aris sityvis codna. 

samRvdelo da saerio, samRvdelosa 

mcodinare, saerosa moerio“. 

(leoniZe 1920: VII). 

da `saero poezia misTvis moigones, `rom eriskacni uswavlelni 

da codna daklebulni ar darCnen da amazed ixalisebdnen 

da saWabukosa saqmesa yursa miupyrobdeso“, ambobs Zveli 

poeti“ (leoniZe 1920: VIII). 

winasityvaobis Semdegi nawili uSualod teqstis analizs 

moicavs da mokled axasiaTebs `WaSnikis“ versifikacias, mas-

Si ganxiluli saleqso formebiTurT. maT Soris: Sairs, 

grZel Sairs, mdenars, wyobil mravalmuxleds, iambikos da 

a.S. aqve mohyavs ramdenime sqema, raTa ufro naTeli gaxados 

mkiTxvelisTvis sakuTari dakvirvebis Sedegi. 

miuxedavad giorgi leoniZis damsaxurebisa teqstis 

kvlevis TvalsazrisiT, marTebulad SeniSnavs akaki gawerelia, 

rom metrikis TvalsazrisiT, mamuka baraTaSvilis es 

naSromi, literaturis istorikosebis mier, Seuswavlelia. 

misi dakvirvebiT, `Cveni mwerlobis istorikosebi `WaSnikSi“ 

xedavdnen umTavresad normatiuli poetikis nimuSs da igi 

martooden ideologiuri mxriT ainteresebdaT. cnobilia, 

rom `WaSnikis“ avtoris klasikurma Sexedulebebma sagrZnobi 

gavlena iqonies me-18 saukunis qarTul poeziaze, gansakuTrebiT 

mis emigrantul frTaze (mag., davit guramiSvilze, 

romlis mistikuri RaRadisi da bibliuri Temebisadmi 

interesi nawilobriv mamukas Teoriul SexedulebaTa safuZvelzea 

aRmocenebuli) ( gawerelia 1953: 43). 

giorgi leoniZe `WaSnikis“ naklad miiCnevs imas, rom es 

poetikuri traqtati `leqsis keTebas akanonebs, nacvlad 

imisa, rom poetma aiTvisos gavlenebi samyaros moZalebis, 

sakuTari grZnobiT ganicados, gardaxsnas Tavisi SegnebiT 

da ritmiT amJRavnos“ (leoniZe 1920: XIII). avtori mamuka 

baraTaSvilis idealad poeziaSi asaxelebs Wkuas, romelmac 

ar icis STagoneba, grZnoba da fantaზ ia. amave dros, aRniSnavs, 

rom traqtatSi yvelaზ e saintereso siaxlis TvalsazrisiT, 

aris is nawili, sadac saubaria `leqsis saidumlos 

dacvaze“. orazrovani frazebiT mwerals SeuZlia ZiriTadi 

azris dafarva da gadaxveuli gzebiT siaruli, rac, Tavis 

mxriv, nawarmoebs gansakuTrebul mSvenierebas da sidiades 

aniWebs. 

amasTan dakavSirebiT, akaki xinTibiZe miuTiTebs: `swored 

SeniSnaven, rom traqtatis am adgilas giorgi leoniZem ufro 

meti dainaxa, vidre es avtors hqonda nagulisxmevi. Tumca 

1920 wels, roca es sityvebi daiwera, qarTul leqsSi movlenaTa 

gasaidumloebis xelovneba maRal rangSi iyo asuli 

da sruliad gasagebia `cisferyanwelTa“ ordenis wevris aRtaceba 

XVIII saukunis poetikur traqtatSi `saidumlos Senaxvis“ 

aRmoCeniT“ (baraTaSvili 1981: 47). 

giorgi leoniZe uyuradRebod ar tovebs im faqts, rom 

`WaSnikis“ avtori ar saubrobs eposze, rac `maSin saqarTveloSi 

Tavis zviad dReebs aTavebda“ (leoniZe 1920: XIV). 

155

mocemul sakiTxze msjelobisas, al. xaxanaSvili SeniSnavs, 

rom eposTan erTad, baraTaSvili dramasac ugulebelyofs, 

maSin, roca, evropelebi Tanabrad ganixilaven epossac, 

lirikasac da dramasac. mkvlevari Tavidanve xsnis am 

`naklovanebis“ mizezs: `dramazec ar Camoagdo baasi am 

vaxtang mefis Tanamedrovem imitom, rom saqarTveloSi im 

dros jer ar iyo gavrcelebuli gramatikuli nawerebi; rac 

Seexeba eposs, iqneba iman gangeb siCumed gaiara, radgan ar 

hsurda `TaTruli“ gavlenis ganmtkiceba, rogorc zneobis 

damrRveveli nawarmoebisa“ (xaxanaSvili 1900: 51). 

giorgi leoniZe aRniSnavs aseve, rom Tavis poetikaSi 

mamuka baraTaSvili, sakuTari leqsiTi nimuSebis garda, CaurTavs 

vaxtang mefis, sulxan-saba orbelianis da sxvaTa 

leqsebs, romelTa SesamCnev gavlenasac ganicdis igi. aqve 

miuTiTebs, rom `WaSniki“ mamuka baraTaSvilis mwerlobis 

pirvel periods ekuTvnis, rasac teqstis `gauCalxaobis“ da 

`zogan gaugebrobis“ mizezad asaxelebs. 

sabolood, avtori im daskvnamde midis, rom am traqtatis 

saxiT, xelT gvaqvs arqauli poetika, romlis Seqmnis Semdeg, 

qarTuli leqsi `mZlavrad daiqna, rogorc formiT, ise lirikuli 

gaqanebiT“ (leoniZe 1920: XV). 

giorgi leoniZis azriT, mamuka baraTaSvili, Tavisi poetikiT, 

modernisti, novatori iyo im epoqis, romelSic moRvaweobda 

da ara epigoni. is avtoris udides damsaxurebad 

miiCnevs, rom mocemuli teqsti `pirveli cdaa qarTuli poeziis 

gankanonebisa“. marTalia, ar warmoadgens raime Rirebulebas 

axali qarTuli poeziisTvis, magram ibeWdeba, raTa 

pativiscemis Rirsia Zveli saqarTvelos istoriuli, logikuri 

TviTSemoqmedeba. 

rogorc korneli kekeliZe SeniSnavs, `mecnieruli kvleva-Ziebis 

saqmeSi marto is ki ar aris dasafasebeli, Tu ra 

dadebiTi Sedegi miiRo mkvlevarma, aramed isic, ramdenad 

daainteresa man sxva mkvlevari da ramdenad warmarTa Semdgomi 

kvlevisTvis. am mxriv, g. leoniZis saqmianoba fasdaudebelia, 

radgan is mudam aRviZebs mecnierul azrs da eweva 

win “ (kekeliZe 1974 : 243). 

marTlac, yovelive zemoT aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom giorgi leoniZis dakvirvebani sakvlevi 

sferos irgvliv, ar Semoifargleba mSrali informaciulobiT. 

avtori cdilobs, teqstis analizTan erTad, mogvawodos 

misi warmomavlobis, daniSnulebis da Rirebulebis 

Sesaxeb sakuTari versiebi, Seafasos teqstis roli, warsuli 

156

da Tanamedrove epoqebis literaturaTmcodneobiTi kvlevis 

sferoSi. rac, kidev erTxel, xazs usvams giorgi 

leoniZis, rogorc mecnieris did damsaxurebas qarTuli 

literaturis winaSe. 

damowmebani: 

baraTaSvili 1981: baraTaSvili. swavla leqsis Tqmisa. Tb.: Tbilisis 

universitetis gamomcemloba, 1981. 

gawerelia 1953: gawerelia a. qarTuli klasikuri leqsi. Tb.: `sabWoTa 

mwerali~, 1953. 

darbaiseli: darbaiseli n. mamuka baraTaSvilis `WaSniki~ anu `swavla 

leqsis Tqmisa“ da evropuli versifikaciuli traqtatebi (xelnaweris 

saxiT). 

kekeliZe 1974: kekeliZe k. etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis 

istoriidan. Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1974. 

kotinovi 2000: kotinovi n. giorgi leoniZe 100. Tb.: qarTuli 

literaturis instituti, 2000. 

leoniZe 1920: leoniZe g. WaSniki. mamuka baraTaSvilis poetika. Tb.: 

samxedro saministros stamba, 1920. 

miqaZe 1958: miqaZe. mamuka baraTaSvili (cxovreba da Semoqmedeba). Tb.: 

`codna“,1958. 

ratiani 2007: ratiani i. Janris Teoria. Tb.: ùniversali“, 2007. 

xaxanaSvili 1900: xaxanaSvili. XVIII saukunis qarTuli Teoria 

`leqsTa-wyoba“. `moambe“, № 12. Tb.:1900. 

157

ina imedaSvili 

158 

xis simbolika giorgi leoniZis lirikaSi 

(ocnebebi — oleze) 

xis simboluri mniSvneloba mravalferovania, igi ukav- 

Sirdeba nayofierebas, yvavilobas, adamianuri cxovrebis, 

dro _ Jamis cvalebadobas (gazafxuli _ zafxuli, Semodgoma 

zamTari). 

TviTon xis agebuleba iZleva sababs misi simbolod gadaazrebisa, 

fesvebi miwis siRrmeebSi udgas da kenwro ki zeca- 

Si aqvs awvdenili, SemaerTebelia miwisa da cisa. rogorc r. 

siraZe aRniSnavs: xe — jvarsaxovania, vertikali da horizontali 

gadakveTilia mis tanSi (siraZe 2000: 190). 

qarTvelebisTvis xes warmaTobaSic hqonda simboluri 

datvirTva, magaliTad vazi miTosis xanaSi RvTaebriv mcenared 

iTvleboda, mas Tayvans scemdnen. 

samegreloSi ki dResac cnobilia muxis uZvelesi salocavi 

Wyondidi anu didi muxa. 

xe _ qristianobam ufro maStaburad gadaiazra, zogier- 

Ti miTosuri warmodgena gaaqristiana da sakuTaric daamkvidra. 

jvari _ qristianobis mTavari simbolo xisgan Seiqmna. 

samoTxeSi ori xe yvaoda erTdroulad: xe _ cnobadisa 

da xe _ sicocxlisa. cnobadi xis nayofis gemos xilvam 

daRupa da samoTxe daakargvina pirvel adamians, Tumca Semdeg 

xemve daubruna mas dakarguli samoTxe. ieso qristes 

jvarcmis saidumloTi, macxovari gaxda: `sikvdilisa sikvdiliTa 

damTrgunveli~. 

sveticxovelis aRmarTvamde Tavdapirvelad iyo xis 

boZebi, xisgan Seiqmna sveticxovelic, qristianobis udidesi 

saswauli saqarTveloSi. 

qarTul mwerlobaSi xes gansakuTrebeli adgili uWiravs, 

mwerali Tu poeti ar darCenila, rom xisTvis ar mieZRvna er- 

Ti strofi mainc. moyolebuli meoTxe saukunis `ninos cxovrebiT~ 

da damTavrebuli XX saukunis mwerlobiT: k. gamsaxurdia, 

g. tabiZe, g. leoniZe... 

qarTvelebisTvis sayvarel Tu sakulto xeebad: sveticxoveli, 

vazi da muxa rCeboda da rCeba. 

giorgi leoniZis SemoqmedebaSi, prozasa Tu poeziaSi xis 

simbolikas aSkarad gamokveTili adgili uWiravs.

mkvlevarTa nawili miiCnevs, rom poetis xesTan damokidebuleba 

ufro miTosuri da warmarTulia, Tumca vfiqrob, 

rom `leoniZis xeebis~ pirvel saxe, paradigma sveticxovelia. 

sanam lirikaze gadavidode ori sityviT prozas Sevexebi. 

pirvel rigSi ki `natvris xes~. 

eliozma diakonis mier naxseneb ukvdavebis, `veSa-wyaros~ 

dalevaze da amiT maradiuli sicocxlis mopovebaze uari 

ganacxada, rad undoda aseTi sawyali da Rataki sicocxle? 

mas sxva rame surda da daeZebda kidec, jer oqrokvrcxas, 

Semdeg naTelTevzas, (naTeli da oqro _ qristianobis 

mTavari atributebi), bolos ki jadosnur, natvris xes. 

SuaRamisas tyeSi Tu cis gaxsnas Seeswreba eliozi, maSin 

dainaxavs turfad ayvavebul jadosnur xes. Tu im xis nayofi 

xel igdo, erTi gakvneta da siRaribe maSinve CamoSordeba. 

nayofis gemos xilva da natvris xe samoTxeSi arsebul xeebze 

miuTiTebs, misi ipodigmebia. eliozma ukvdaveba ar 

isurva (maSin veSa —wyaros Zebnas daiwyebda), mas sxva rame 

surda _ siRatakis daZleva. magram rogori meocnebedac da 

`poetadac~ eliozs avtori gvixasiaTebs, misTvis mxolod 

materialuri sikeTe ar iqneboda mTavari. iqneb siRatakis 

daZlevis Zieba rwmenis, `raRac sxvis~ Ziebis tolfasi iyo? 

erT zamTarsac gafiCxuli eliozi tyidan Camoasvenes. natvris 

xis ZiebaSi gayinuliyo. 

marTlac ulamazesi xe amoerCia eliozs, yinvisagan aTasnairi 

jinjilebi, arSiebiT da ruSebiT morTuli. eliozma 

namdvilad ipova Tavis ocnebis xe da radgan misi bedniereba, 

`simdidre~ da `siRatakis Camocileba~ realur, mkacr samyaroSi 

SeuZlebeli iyo eliozi mokvda. Tumca aixdina ocneba: 

maradiul, am qveyniur sicocxleze uaris TqmiT da natvris 

xis nayofis gasinjviT, igi sulier maradiulobas, simdidres 

eziara, amqveyniuri siRatake daZlia, moiSora. 

`cxovrebis xis~ Taviseburi asaxvaa moTxrobaSi; `cxovreba 

estate lafaCisa~, gonebamibnedili estates xilvebi aqvs; 

tbis pirad xe warmoesaxeba, TeTrad gadafoTlili, TeTri 

frinvelebiTa da bavSvebiT daxunZluli. (leoniZe 1990: 34) 

lirikaSi xisadmi miZRvnil sagaloblad SeiZleba CaiTvalos 

giorgi leoniZis òle~, romelsac mkvlevarTa umravlesoba 

mwerlis avtoportretad miiCnevs, oTar CxeiZe wers; `mis 

arsebaSi, erTi erTaderTi, gaunelebeli da ganuyreli gancdiT 

igi martooobisa, gancdiT udidesi, oleobisa~ (CxeiZe 

2001: 459). 

159

ole marto xea saCrdiloblad datovbuli, albaT am martoobis 

gamo Tu adareben poets. 

leoniZe oles saxrCobelas adarebs, arwivs frTeb momsxvreuls. 

frTebi _ Zlierebis simbolo, amqveyniuri realobisgan 

gaqcevis saSualeba, realurisagan irealurSi gadasvlis 

gza. frTebi momsxvreulia, darCenilia mxolod materialuri, 

amqveyniuri. 

ole raSia, miwas miWedili _ raSi Tavdaviwyebis, usasrulobis, 

Tavisuflebis da qrolvis simbolo, miWedil _ datyvevebulia. 

ole partaxia, namexaria. 

ole ar unda iyos mxolod avtoris avtoportreti, igi 

leoniZis droindeli saqarTvelocaa, `xe brunde~ da `xe 

marTali~ _ istoriis, drois brunvaSi qerqgaxdili da Signidan 

gamomwvar _ gamoRadruli. momsxvreul frTebiani 

arwivi vaJas daWrili arwivia, saqarTveloa. 

oles simartove saqarTvelos simartovea, martod darCenili 

sisxliani komunizmis winaSe _ rogorc ole mexis 

winaSe. 

sagulisxmoa, rom poeti oles balRamis da cremlis svets 

uwodebs. sveti qarTvelTa cnobierebaSi sveticxovelTan 

aris gaigivebuli, amitom es saxe mZafr gancdebs iwvevs, 

sveticxovloba cremlad aris gardasaxuli. 

oles mudmivi molodini, mudmivi gulis tkivili bazale- 

Tis tbis qveS, akvanSi mwoliare (akvanic xom xisaa) iliaseuli 

gmiris molodinia. 

oles òqros Tavi~ cisken iyureba. oqro _ RvTaebriobis, 

brwyinvalebis simbolo. cisken swrafva, zeaRsvla, 

zrda miwidan zecisaken _ xeebis Tviseba da qristianuli 

religiis mixedviT adamianebis mowodeba, daniSnulebaa. 

leqsis mexuTe nawili poetis mier oles imqveyniurobaSi 

xilvaa, poetis ocnebaa, ocneba — oleze. 

oles caSi wasayvanad zeciuri kibe CamoeSveba. kibe `msoflio 

xis~ erTgvari analogiaa, romlis kenweroc cas ebjineba, 

xolo fesvebi qvesknelSia Cazrdili. 

kibe aseve qristianuli simbolocaa, RvTismSoblis erT 

erTi simboluri saxe. aseve iakobis sizmariseuli kibe. `mihqris 

caSi wasayvanad/ akibuli kibe, daayrian torolebi atlasebs 

da dibebs~. diba _ atlasebi zRapruli samyaroa, 

zRaprebis _ didebulebis da brwyinvalebis gamomxatveli. 

poetis zmanebaSi ole zecad iWreba, mze gulze ikravs, 

(`mze dedaa Cemi...~) fesvebs ukocnis, varskvlavebi Tavs evlebian, 

salamurs akvrevineben, nugeSs scemen... leqsis es 

160

momenti saocrad hgavs `wm. ninos cxovrebidan~ sveticxovlis 

aRmarTvis da patiosani jvris epizods 

sveticxovlis `cecxlissaxeoba~ leoniZis poeturi xedviT 

olesTvis mzis kocnaa. 

sveticxoveli qarTulma mwerlobam saqarTvelos sulad 

gaiazra. òles~ avtoris TanamedroveobaSi saqarTvelos 

suli, sveticxoveli namexari gamxdara... 

namexari marto xe (samSoblo) ocnebebSi sveticxovelia, 

realobaSi balRmis da cremlis sveti. sveticxovloba moaklda 

poetis droindel oles. 

zmaneba mTavrdeba, poets kvlav agondeba liaxvze mdgari 

marto xe, daxleCili Sreebad da kecebad. es Sreebi daqucmacebaa 

da gaTiTokacebaa, odiTganve rom mosdgams qarTvelobas. 

Tu òles~ gaviazrebT, rogorc avtoris avtoportrets, 

ras unda niSnavdes es Sreebi? vfiqrob, am leqsSi 

ufro meti gancdebi da SegrZnebebia, vidre viwro pirovnuli 

martooba. oles asparezi ufro farToa, amitomaa ole 

genialuri. 

`yornisagan Cayefilia~ qveyana, cxadia, yoranSi vin moiazreba. 

vaJa-fSavela: àrwivi vnaxe daWrili (leoniZis 

frTeb momsxvreuli ole) yvav _ yornebs (yornisagan Cayefili) 

eomeboda~. vaJas daWrili arwivi leoniZis namexari 

olea. 

Tu leqsis dasawyisSi ole momsxvreulfrTebian arwivs 

emsgavseba, leqsis bolosken es frTebi ukve gawyvetilia, 

gawyvetilia poetis moTminebac, igi mimarTavs oles; `raSo 

miwas miWedilo, / gasWer, aiqrole~. es mowodebaa qmedebis, 

iliaseuli mCqefare Tergis mowoneba da mdumare, umoqmedo 

myinvarweveris siZulvilia. 

poetis ocnebebi grZeldeba, mas surs marto xe ole liaxvis 

rZian qafSi tivad Semocurdes. mdinaris wyali, rZe ganwmendis, 

Secvlis, iniciaciis erT erTi saSualeba iyo miTebsa 

da zRaprebSi. leoniZes marto xis aseTi gardasaxva surs. 

misi ocnebaa partaxi, namexari marto xe dedaboZad, xeTa 

winamZRvrad iqces. 

aseTia poetis survili, ocneba oleze, ocneba momavlis 

saqarTveloze. 

leqsi kaTarzisiT mTavrdeba; namexari, tyavdamskdari, 

damdnarZvlebiani ole, leqsis dasasruls qarTvelTaTvis 

uwmindes dedaboZad gardaisaxeba. leqsis mexuTe nawilSi, 

avtoris (Tu oles?) ocnebis axdenis realizebaa mocemuli. 

161

leqsi òle~ Svidi nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirvel nawilSi 20 

taepia, dasawyisSi vxvdebiT heterosilabizms 8:6:2:2:4, Semdeg 

ki izosilabizms _ 6 marcvliani da 8 marcvliani 

striqonebis monacvleobiT. marcvalTa aseTi gadanawilebiT 

avtori TiTqos xis aRnagobis iluzias qmnis: fesvi ganieri, 

tani viwro da farTo varji _ swortotovani (8:6 _ 

fesvi, 2:2:4 _ tani, 8:6:8:6:8:6... varji.) leqsis pirvel nawilSi 

vxvdebiT rogorc Tanabarmarcvlian riTmebs, ise ara- 

Tanabarmarcvlianebsac. aris asonansis SemTxvevebic. riTma 

ternarulia (abab). leqsis am monakveTSi erTad —erTi araidenturi 

`sariTmo wyvilia~; `saxrCobela _ hgevxar”, aseTi 

disonansuri riTma swored, rom sityva `saxrCobelas~ Sesaferisia. 

àiqrole _ ole~ SeTavsebuli riTmaa da oles 

zecisken swrafvis , qrolvis winasaxea, arqetipia. 

òles~ meore nawilSi 24 taepia, Tu leqsis wina monakveTSi 

marcvalTa raodenoba dablidan (mciredan) _ maRlisken 

(gazrdisken) midis, aq piriqiT maRlidan _ dablisken. 

Sinaarsobrivi xazic zemodan qvemoT mimavalia, varjidan _ 

fesvebisken, zecidan _ miwisken. amitomacaa aq amdeni najaxebis 

landeba, grigalebis dajaxeba, moTxra Tu yinva. 

dasawyisSi riTma mosazRvre da SeTavsebulia (najaxebi _ 

damjaxebi), Semdeg ki araidenturi riTmebis zRva modis. es 

monakveTi ase sruldeba 6:4:4:4:2 — bolos `martoxeo ole~ _ 

leqsis ritmi varjidan fesvebSia CaRweuli! 

leqsis mesame nawilSi ritmulad simSvidea, 8 da 6 marcvliani 

taepebi monacvleobs. riTma aq ternarulia (abab) da 

gvxvdeba mosazRvre riTmac. 

meoTxe da mexuTe monakveTSi igive igive suraTia: 8 da 6 

marcvliani striqonebi cvlian erTmaneTs, riTma araidenturia. 

leqsis meeqvse nawilSi aseTi SemTxveva gvaqvs: 2:2:4:6:8: 

6:8:6:8:6, miwidan zecisken, Tumca Sinaarsobrivad ole isev 

martoobis SxamiT aris mowamluli, albaT asec unda iyos zeaRsvla, 

gardasaxva xom tanjvis, dacemis gziT xorcieldeba. 

òles~ meSvide nawili oTxmarcvliani da ormarcvliani 

taepebis monacvleobaa, leqsi ormarcvliani òleTi~ 

mTavrdeba. 

xis saqarTvelos saxe-simbolod warmodgena leoniZis 

lirikaSi grZeldeba. leqsSi `tye ecemoda~ saqarTvelo 

tyed aris moazrebuli, romelic uamravi xeebisgan Sedgeba, 

es xeebi ki qarTveli vaJkacebia, romlebsac `kapasi culi~ 

hkveTs. 

162

poeti xis SegrZnebebs aadamianurebs: `didi xerxis qveS 

xem Seikvnesa~, xis Wrialis kvnesad gardaqmna, gansakuTrebuli 

poeturi xedvaa, vaJaseuli xedva. 

`vaJkaci xe~ _ muxaa, romelsac fesvebi miwis siRrmeSi 

gaudgams, xolo varji zecas miuwvdomia. erTgvari gamtaria, 

liminaluri xidia amqveyniur realobasa (miwas) da imqveyniur 

irealobas (zecas) Soris. 

leoniZis muxa `Tavnisliania~, Tavze moxveuli nisli ki 

vizualurad SaravandTan asocirdeba. tye kacurad, adamianurad 

qviTinebda da fesvSi `madli ciuri~ uSreboda, 

saqarTvelos miwis siRmeebidan (istoriidan, warsulidan) 

Sewovili madliT muxa izrdeboda, vaJkacdeboda, 

`muxdeboda~. 

am madlis amoSroba, fesvebis miwidan amoyra, qveynis bed- 

iRbals ukavSirdeba. mSobliur miwisgan moSoreba, xom warsulTan 

mowyvetas niSnavs. 

tyes gvirgvinic qonia, òqros wvimebiT gadawvimuli~. 

`Tavnislianoba~, òqro~, `gvirgvini~ _ mowameTa Saravandeds 

unda gulisxmobdes. 

leqsis dasawyisSi Tu poeti, mxolod Cveulebriv tyeze 

da xeebze wers da SesaZloa, maT ukan raime azri arc igulisxmebodes, 

leqsSi mxolod tyeebis gaCexviT gamowveuli sevda 

iyos naCvenebi, leqsis dasasruls avtori ukve aSkarad 

aRniSnavs, rom samSoblos miwis wiaRSi muxis fsvebi ar gaxmeba, 

mokveTili xeebis adgilas ukeTesi xeebi, ukeTesi vaJkacebi 

daizrdebian (Sed. `kidevac daizrdebian algeTs lekvebi 

mglisani...~). 

sainteresoa leqsis dasawyisi: mravalwertili da ài, kapasma 

culma ielva~ _ garda imisa, rom aseTi dasawyisi eqspresiulia, 

mkiTxveli pirdapir yovelgvari Sesavlis gare- 

Se ejaxeba mware sinamdviles, es mravalwertili leqsSi gadmocemuli 

ambis wina istoriasac gulisxmobs, romlis gadmocemac 

avtors ar gauxdia saWirod. 

leqsi `patarZleuli~ oTx katreniani leqsia, sainteresoa 

misi trenaruli riTma. yoveli strofis meore taepis 

bolo sityva omonimuri riTmiT eriTmeba erTmaneTs: `patarZleuli 

_ gadarweuli~, àTaswleuli _ gadaqceuli~, 

`ganZeuli _ ar-daleuli~, àTaseuli _ patarZleuli~, yovelTvis 

gariTmulia sityvis nawili: euli _ rac avtoris 

eulobis gamomxatvelia. 

striqonTa marcvlianoba izosilaburia, yvela taepi aT 

marcvliania. 

163

meore strofSi siberisgan gadaqceuli didi fSatis xe 

iwonebs Tavs, mesame strofi isev am fSatis xes eZRvneba, 

romlis fesvebSic poets xalxis mzis oqro (RvTaebriobis 

simbolo) da ganZeuli (sulieri sazrdo, rwmena) uxilvia. 

fesvebi istoriaa, saqarvelos warsulia, am fesvebSi komunizmis 

epoqaSi poets rwmenis simboloebi warmousaxavs. 

leqsSi `baraTaSvilis wminda aragvo~, poetis ocneba moxuci 

verxvis totis qrolvas edreba. ase iwyeba leqsi da 

baraTaSviliseul ganwyobas amkvidrebs. es monakveTi xuTmarcvliani 

striqonebisgan Sedgeba. verxvis foTolTa neli 

Sriali galaktionisaTvis Soreuli zRapris mogonebaa, 

vaJasTvis ki mware simartovis SeZaxili. vaJas `verxvSi~ _ 

verxvi martoobisagan Tavis daRwevaze ocnebobs, TavisnairebTan 

yofnaze. vaJas verxvi leoniZis olea, oles eulobaa. 

poetis ocneba ki martoobisgan ganSorebaa, `martoxeobis~ 

daZlevaa, amitom waagavs misi ocneba verxvis foTol- 

Ta Srials. baraTaSvilic xom suliT oblobiT itanjeboda, 

amitomac daiwyo baraTaSvilisadmi miZRvnili leqsi giorgi 

leoniZem sakuTari oblobidan TavisdaRwevis ocnebiT. 

STambeWdavia leoniZis leqsi `Savi zRvis pirs Savi muxa~, 

muxa Savia, olesaviT martoa da Tanac Savi zRvis piras Srialebs. 

Savi feri Zalze gamokveTilia da ra Tqma unda sevdas, 

depresias da naRvels gamoxatavs. Savi zRvis piras 

mdgari Savi muxa saqarTveloa, poeti martod mdgar muxas 

`tyeTa narCens~ uwodebs, adre tye yofila, mravali xe (Sed. 

`tye ecemoda~), axla mxolod erTi muxaRa dgas. poetis sam- 

Soblos msgavsad _ odesaRac `nikofsiidan _ darubandamde~ 

gadaWimuli saqarTvelodan mxolod sul mcire nawili- 

Ra SemorCa, rogorc usieri tyidan _ Savi muxa. Tumca poetis 

TqmiT, mTeli tye am muxaSi Srialebs. 

am leqsis meore nawilSi avtors idumalebis esTetika 

Semoaqvs da bolomde amoxsnis saSualebas ar iZleva. 

leqsSi `bevrjer movwuravT mwife broweuls~ qarTlis 

tragikuli bedia daxatuli. romelsac abjaracmuls da 

jvarcmuls ra aRar mouwia (aso bgera j-s amdenjer gamoyeneba 

im jvarze miuTiTebs, romelsac saqarTvelo atarebs.) 

poeti wers, rom qarTvelebi: `bevrjer movwuravT mwife 

broweuls, / kvlavac SevtyorcniT caSi ocnebas~. broweulis 

wveni qristianobaSi iwvevs mowameTa sisxlis asociacias 

(abzianiZe, elaSvili 2006: 44), broweulis mowurva TavisTavad 

misi wvenis gamowurvas gulisxmobs. poeti mowame- 

Ta sisxlis daTxevas moelis momavalSic, saqarTvelos bedi 

164

xom aseTia, mas yoveli epoqa Zvirfas sisxls sTxovs. leqsSi 

Cvidmeti taepia, heterosilaburi sazomiT: 10:3:2:5:5:5:10:5: 

5:3:7:10:10:10:10:10:10, es leqsic metrulad leoniZis momdevno 

`xea~, fesviT _ 10, taniT _ 5:5:5:10:5:5:3:7 da swortotovani 

varjiT: 10:10:10:10:10:10. fesvi da varji erTnairia, tolia. 

xis msgavsad cas miemarTeba, aq vertikali horizontals 

sjabnis. 

xe poetisTvis cocxali arsebaa, igi TuTisganaa gazrdili, 

TuTis xidan Camovardnili dakenkili nayofi, poetis- 

Tvis sxivis Camovardnaa (`dila krwanisis baRSi~). 

qarTlad giorgi leoniZe xSirad mTel saqarTvelos moixseniebs, 

amitom leqsi `qarTlis baRi~ _ Zalze sainteresoa. 

baRi ZvelTaganve idealuri samyaros, kosmiuri wesrigisa 

da harmoniis miwieri gansxeulebaa. (abzianiZe, elaSvili 

2006: 37) 

es aris dakarguli da xelaxla aRmoCenili samoTxe. baRi 

amave dros cnobieris simbolocaa, romelic ukavSirdeba 

tyes rogorc aracnobiers (okeane da kunZuli). 

qarTul mwerlobaSi baRis saintereso saxeebi gvaqvs, 

besikis `sevdis baRi~ Tu oTar WilaZis `dariaCangis baRi~ 

(gzaze erTi kaci midioda). leoniZis baRSi iagundi wvims da 

surneleba daqris. am baRSi vaSlis xis yvavili mSvenieri 

qalis saxea, vaSli qaluri sawyisia, (vaSlis yvavili xom ymawvili 

qalis silamazes ganasaxierebs agreTve jon golsur- 

Tis moTxrobaSi `vaSlis yvaviloba~), xolo alvis xe saqorwinod 

morTuli siZea, alva _ vaJuri sawyisia. 

poetis TvalTaxedviT atami _ akvanSi axlad gaRviZebuli 

turfa ymawvilia. aqve TuTacaa, ra Tqma unda TeTri 

(leoniZis baRSi araferi ar aris muqi, aq Savis adgili ar 

aris). 

vazi varskvlavCaxveulia, Sindis lalebi, marwyvis lalebi, 

broweulis Tonis nakverCxlebi... poeti ise aRwers am 

mSvenier baRs, TiTqos uamrav Zvirfas qvas moeyaros erTad 

Tavi. es namdvili ferweraa, ulamazesi saqarTvelosi, sadac 

baRSic ki ojaxuri sawyisi ikveTeba; alva _ mama, vaSli _ 

deda, Svili _ atami. (rva marcvliani striqonebi, 10 katreni, 

araTanabar marcvliani, araidenturi.) 

giorgi leoniZisTvis qalis siyvarulis warmavlobac ki 

xes ukavSirdeba, poetis xedviT siyvarulic ise gaipareba, 

rogorc qliavi mwifdeba adre da uceb moileva xolme. 

(`gaipara qliavi~.) 

165

leqsSi `sizmari~, leoniZe zmanebaSi xes ixilavs, romelsac 

Saravandi hSvenis. (Sed. `tye ecemoda~). aq xe pirvandeli 

sveticxovelia _ romlisgan RvTaebrivi akvnebic iTleboda 

gmirebisTvis, am xisganve gamoTlila kuboebic. gmirebs sam- 

Soblo (leoniZis sizmariseuli xe) badebs da samSoblo xdeba 

maTi daRupvis mizezic. 

giorgi leoniZis lirikaSi xSirad xe saxrCobeladac aris 

warmosaxuli, uaryofiTad aris gaazrebuli. yoveli xis 

arqetipi, cnobadis xe gaxda adamianis daRupvis, samoTxidan 

gamoZevebis mizezi (grigol noselis msjelobiT, bibliaSi 

vkiTxulobT, rom orive xe _ `xe cxovrebisa~ da `xe cnobadisa~ 

_ arsebobda samoTxis centrSi. rogor SeiZleba 

erT centrSi, erT wertilSi erTdroulad arsebobdes ori 

xe? Tan, rodesac `cxovrebis xis~ nayofi aris cxovreba., 

`cnobadis xisa~ ki sikvdili. grigol noseli ganmartavs, 

rom es moCvenebiTi winaaRmdegoba dairRveva, Tu am sakiTxis 

arss CavwvdebiT. rodesac `cxovrebis xe~ hyvaoda da gamoiRebda 

nayofs, `cnobadi xe~ maSin potenciurad arsebobda, 

xolo rodesac adamianma isurva sxva nayofi, `cxovrebis xe~ 

gaqra da samoTxis Tavisufali centri daikava `cnobadma 

xem~. aqdan gamomdinare xis saxrCobelad gaazreba gasagebia). 

xSirad poeti xeSi sayvareli adamianis suls xedavs gadasuls, 

es misi miTosuri rwmenaa. magaliTad leqsi: èsenini~: 

àxlac, aryis xes, sadac Sevxedav// xels gadavxevev da 

Sena mgonixar... / da mjera marti Tovls rom Sexvetavs,/ amwvanebul 

xed isev mogvixval!~. 

xe _ poetis SemoqmedebaSi isea fesveb gadgmuli, rom poetis 

metyvelebaSic gadasula. magaliTad; `guli darguli~, 

(ivris pirad), `moxexili sityvis lawani~ (axali mindvris 

simRera), ìqidan leqsi amorxeula~ (fragmenti), `Sen damimwife 

sityvebi~ (kaxeTi) da sxva. 

zogadad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom giorgi leoniZis lirikaSi 

xis simboluri gaazreba Semdegnairia: 

xe _ sveticxoveli 

xe _ samoTxis, cxovrebis xe 

xe _ saqarTvelo 

xe _ saxrCobela (kubo) 

xe _ miTosuri warmodgena 

xe _ vaJkaci 

xe _ qaluri (vaJuri, ojaxuri) sawyisi 

xe _ mSobeli 

xe _ bavSvobis mogoneba. 

166

da bolos giorgi leoniZis erTi werili `qarTuli saxelebi~, 

romelic `literaturul gazeTSi~ daibeWda, poeti 

wuxs imaze rom momravlda ucxouri, ara qarTuli saxelebi 

da ZirZveli saxelebi daikarga. amitom sakuTar sias aqveynebs, 

sadac qalis saxelebad vkiTxulobT; alva, atmura, 

broweula, iasamani, Cinari... vaJis saxeli; gulabi.. (leoniZe 

2000: 513) 

damowmebani: 

abzianiZe, elaSvili 2006: abzianiZe z., elaSvili q. simboloTa 

ilustrirebuli enciklopedia. tomi I. Tb.: `bakmi~, 2006. 

leoniZe 1980: leoniZe g. leqsebi, poemebi. Tbilisi: `merani~, 1980. 

leoniZe 1990: leoniZe g. natvris xe. Tb.: `merani~, 1990. 

leoniZe 2000: orjonikiZe i. (redaqtori). giorgi leoniZe. Tbilisi: 

qarTuli literaturis saxelmwifo muzeumis gamomcemloba 

`literaturis matiane~, 2000. 

nesmelovi 1887: Несмелов В. Догматическая система Григория Нисского. 

Казань: 1887. 

siraZe 2000: siraZe r. qarTuli kulturis safuZvlebi. Tb.: Tbilisis 

universitetis gamomcemloba`, 2000. 

SaniZe 1979: SaniZe m. (redaqtori). Satberdis krebuli X saukunisa. Tb.: 

`mecniereba~, 1979. 

CxeiZe 2001: CxeiZe (redaqtori). giorgi leoniZe. Tb.: `saari~, 2001. 

167

TamTa kalatoziSvili 

168 

`modavriSe Tvalebi~ (elis)~ 

giorgi leoniZe qarTuli poeturi sityvis erT-erTi yvelaze 

originaluri ostatia. is SemoqmedebaSi didi adgili 

ukavia siyvarulis Temas: `siyvarulo Sen gekuTvnis Cemi qnari, 

Cemi bage _ mzis dasvlisas qeba miTxar, ciskrad isev maguSage~, 

_ wers `siyvarulis badeSi~ gaxveuli poeti (`siyvaruli~. 

1916 weli). Tavis satrfialo lirikaSi, rogorc amas 

guram asaTianic miuTiTebs, poeti upiratesobas aniWebs pa- 

Tetikur kilos, dauokebeli vnebis, eqstazis gamosaxatavad. 

aq xSirad igrZnoba mwvave tkivili da wrfeli sevdac, magram 

siyvaruli giorgi lioniZes mainc warmodgenili aqvs, rogorc 

udidesi amqveyniuri bedniereba, romelsac meti sinaTle 

da Suqi Seaqvs TviT sinamdvilis gancdaSi. 

`SuqiT ivseba CemTvis qveyana 

roca CemTan xar saxemcinari~. 

(leoniZe 2000: 95) 

`leoniZis poeturi saxe TiTqos Sinagan Suqs gamoscems im 

Zvirfasi qvebis msgavsad, romlebiTac igi xSirad rTavs 

qarTul leqss. siyvaruli, Wabukuri ndoma da gataceba misi 

STagonebis mTavari wyaroa. da ai am STagonebis Suqze mas 

mTeli qveyana, sinamdvilis yoveli sagani gansakuTrebuli 

elferiT warmoudgeba. TiTqos Tavisi pirvelqmnili elvareba 

aqvT dabrunebuli Zveli qarTuli poeziidan nasesxeb 

Zvirfas Tvlebs: lalsa da safirons, margalitis cremlebsa 

da tyup iagunds~ (asaTiani 2001: 141). 

àq varskvlavi naTobs ori, rogorc ori margaliti, 

dRes ver maTrobs verc ia da oleandra alisferi, 

dRes eg Tvali madavriSebs 

ameTvisto lalisferi~. 

(leoniZe 2000: 94) 

am epiTetebiT amkobs poeti satrfos _ elene lorTqifaniZes.poeturi 

saxeebis dResaswaulebrivi feradovneba, 

mkveTri da kaSkaSa saRebavebi misi mxatvruli specifikis 

Taviseburebaa. 

1916-1917 wlebSi poets erTi gogona uyvarda. `xilul 

RvTaebad movlinebuli~, `saxewarmtaci, yvavilovani~ _

leli lorTqifaniZe, magram, samwuxarod, leli jer gauTxovda 

poets, Semdeg ki cota xanSi Tavi moikla... àm ambavma 

goglas udidesi, eniT gamouTqmeli mwuxareba miayena. 

sawyali gogla, sibereSic gaixsenebda xolme lelis da naRvlian 

fiqrs miecemodao~ _ igonebs masze vefxo akobaSvili 

(http://gogla.edu.ge/masze/2.htm ). 

iorgi leoniZem 1917 wels ori leqsi uZRvna elene 

lorTqifaniZis xsovnas. masve eZRvneba aseve umSvenieresi 

leqsebi leoniZis poeziidan: `modavriSe Tvalebi~ (elis), 

`Ramis Cveneba~, `siyvaruli~, `rad~, `qals~. 

erix fromis azriT, àdamiani nebismier asakSi, nebismier 

sazogadoebaSi dgas erTi da imave problemis winaSe, rogor 

daaRwios Tavi izolirebul mdgomareobas, rogor miaRwios 

erTobas, rogor gascdes piradi cxovrebis CarCoebs da hpovos 

sruli harmonia~ (fromi 1991: 232). izolirebuli mdgomareobidan 

Tavis daRwevis erT-erT efeqtur saSualebad 

fromi siyvaruls miiCnevs. 

marTlac, giorgi leoniZe sakuTari arsebobis sazriss 

Wabukobisas leli lorTqifaniZis siyvaruliT xsnis, romliTac 

cdilobs, miaRwios erTobas da, rogorc fromi aRniSnavs, 

hpovos sulieri harmonia. 

`Ramis CvenebaSi~ SuaRamisas aivanze mjdari gadaRlili 

poeti, vardisfer fiqrebs rom miscemia, CurCuliT mouxmobs 

lelis, Tavis siyvaruls: 

`me magondeba Seni saxe RimilmorTuli 

Seni Tvalebi _ cisartyelaSemovlebuli! 

netamc aq iyo Rame vardad gaiSleboda, 

ar iqneboda es qveyana CemTvis samare!~ 

(leoniZe 2000: 81) 

_ wers igi. 

siyvaruliT daaRwevda martoobas Tavs da aRar gaxdeboda 

varskvlavebis dasacini an xeTa Sesabralisi. `cremlis 

nislebs~ gadaiyrida da gaqrobas aRar inatrebda, rogorc 

amas natrobs igi `Ramis Cvenebis~ bolo striqonSi. 

àx vyofiliyav maSin wuTi, xom gavqrebodi, 

ar ahyveboda Cems simReras cremlis nislebi~. 

(leoniZe 2000: 81) 

da daviwyebul simRerasaviT aJRerdeboda siyvarulTan 

erTad poeti. `Cemi mze, Cemi bedniereba, moulodneli sim- 

169

didre~ _ aseTi SedarebebiT amkobs poeti satrfos cisartyelaSemovlebul 

Tvalebsa da `mxiarul Suqismfrqvevel 

saxes~. 

èrotikuli siyvaruli gamorCeviTi xasiaTisaa. gansakuTrebiT 

meore adamianSi mas uyvars mTeli kacobrioba, 

yoveli cocxali. Tuki me WeSmaritad miyvars erTi pirovneba, 

maSin me miyvars yvela adamiani, miyvars mTeli samyaro, 

miyvars sicocxle. Tuki me SemiZlia erT adamians vuTxra, 

`me Sen miyvarxar~, maSin imis unaric unda Semwevdes, rom 

vTqva: `me Seni saxiT miyvars yvela, SeniT miyvars mTeli samyaro, 

Cemi Tavic ki miyvars SenSi~ (fromi 1991: 247). – aRniSnavs 

erix fromi. giorgi leoniZe ki wers: `rad minda bedi, 

roca gxedav pirmocinares – Seni Rimili damibrunebs gamqral 

gazafxuls~ (leoniZe 2000: 81). poets bedniereba mxolod 

lelisTan erTad warmoudgenia _ Semodgoma gazafxulad 

maSin gardaiqmneba, Tu sayvareli adamiani gverdiT eyoleba 

poets. maSin SeZlebs igi Seerwyas erTobas, Seiyvaros 

samyaro da sakuTari Tavi. 

leqsi `Ramis Cveneba~ ToTxmetmarcvliani, besikuri sazomiT 

(5/4/5) aris dawerili, rac sonetistebis sayvareli 

sazomia. leqswyoba sonetisa izosilaburia. leqss axasiaTebs 

riTmis sporaduli xasiaTi, riTac igi erTgvarad uaxlovdeba 

TeTr leqss. poeti sonetSi xSirad mimarTavs l 

bgeris aliteracias, romelsac TiTqos erTgvari ritmis 

funqciac ki ekisreba leqsSi (mag.: sasixarulo, Rimilmor- 

Tuli, Semovlebuli, gafiTrebuli, Seyvarebuli, etli, pepela). 

l bgeris aliterirebas leqsSi simboluri datvir- 

Tvac aqvs. am xerxiT poeti, cnobierad Tu qvecnobierad, 

lelisTan kidev ufro aaxloebs leqss. 

poetis suls rom CavwvdeT, saWiroa mis SemoqmedebaSi is 

sityvebi movZebnoT, romelic yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba. 

sityva gagvimxels, riTia poeti Sepyrobili _ ambobs 

bodleri. 

siyvarulze daweril leqsebSi leoniZe xSirad xmarobs 

yvavils, rac masTan alegoriulad siyvaruls asaxavs: `gul- 

Si dagubda siyvarulis bedniereba, guli Camikvda, viT yvavilSi 

mTvrali pepela~ (leoniZe 2000: 81) _ aRwers Ramis 

Cvenebis gancdebs poeti. èrTi xar dazrifi, aTas yvavils 

jobixar~ _ am sityvebiT amkobs poeti satrfos, `yvavilTa 

samoss~ _ leli lorTqifaniZes (`lelis~, 1917 ). 

elene lorTqifaniZisadmi miZRvnili leqsebi kamkama da 

haerovania, `RrubelSigan gadaSlili cisartyelasaviT fe- 

170

adovani da yovlismomcveli siyvarulis sxiviT kaSkaSebs~. 

leqsebis umetesoba (Tu ar CavTvliT –`Ramis Cvenebas~ da 

`rad~) mosazRvre riTmiTaa dawerili da grZelsazomianobiT 

gamoirCeva, rac leoniZis SemoqmedebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. 

`siyvaruli~, `leli~ da `qals~ Teqvsmetmarcvliani SairiTaa 

dawerili; metri izosilaburia. aqedan `siyvaruli~ 

da `qals~ maRalrusTveluriTaa dawerili, 4-marcvliani 

muxlebisgan Sedgeba da ufro Cqari tempiT ikiTxeba 

(4/4//4/4). leqsi `siyvaruli~ erTgvari himnia am grZnobisa. 

siyvaruli aq TviTon RmerTia. igi yovlismomcveli, yovlis 

dambadebelia. `suli Cemi geziara, suli Cemi Sen dahbade...~ 

(leoniZe 2000: 95) _ wers poeti. es leqsi SinaarsiT axlosaa 

138-e fsalmunTan, romelSic davi mefsalmune Semdeg sityvebs 

warmoTqvams: 

`saiT waruval Sens suls da Sens saxes 

sad gaveqcevi?... 

...sibnelec ver dabindavs Sengan da Rame 

dResaviT gaanaTebs; 

ra sinaTle da ra sibnele –~ 

ufali yvelganaa dRisiT da RamiT – ambobs daviTi 

RmerTze, romelmac gamoZerwa igi dedis saSoSi: 

`gadideb, radgan saocrebiT var SenivTuli; 

sakvirvelia saqmeni Senni 

da Cemma sulma icis es savsebiT~. 

(axali aRTqma 1993: 673) 

giorgi leoniZem ki icis siyvarulis Zala da mTlianad 

mas ekuTvnis poeti. `siyvarulo Sen gekuTvnis Cemi qnari, 

Cemi bage~ (`siyvaruli~, 1916 w.), siyvaruls uZRvnis igi 

fsalmunebs da xotba-didebas asxams mas, rogorc daviTi me- 

6 fsalmunSi: 

ùfalo dildilobiT moismine Cemi xma, 

dilaadrian Sevemzadebi SenTvis da dagelodebi. 

me Seni uxvi wyalobiT moval SenTan da geTayvanebi~. 

(axali aRTqma 1993: 673) 

leoniZe amgvar qebas siyvaruls asxams: `mzis dasvlisas 

qeba miTxar, ciskrad isev maguSage~, – ambobs poeti, rac 

erTgvari perifrazia al. WavWavaZis saflavze wawerili 

fsalmunis sityvebisa: 

171

172 

`mwuxrsa ganusvenos tirilman 

da ciskarsa sixarulman~. 

leqsSi `qals~ satrfo ùkvdavebis maxaroblad~ qceula 

poetisaTvis da rogorc bela wifuria aRniSnavs, am leqsis 

mixedviT swored erTi adamiani SeiZleba xsnides gzas samyaros 

Secnobisaken, ukvdavebasTan ziarebisaken da Tu dax- 

Sulia gza am adamianisaken, daxSulia is gzac, romelic er- 

Tidan mTelisaken, zogadisaken, maradiulisaken unda gas- 

ZRoloda Semoqmeds. àw varskvlavebs SevqviTineb: sad ve- 

Zebde ukvdavebas~ – eubneba igi gardaclil `qals~ elene 

lorTqifaniZes, romelic 

èrTxel igi baRCas qsovda... 

erTxel isic icinoda, 

adneboda vels simRerad... 

axla gaqra... 

rad? 

sad?~(leoniZe 2000: 89) 

leqsSi `rad~ giorgi leoniZe msjelobs sicocxlis warmavalobaze, 

gamosaxavs zogadsakacobrio problemebs, romlebic 

misTvis pirovnuladac aris mtkivneuli, ramdenadac 

is SesaZloa erTi adamianis sikvdilis Semdeg gaxda misTvis 

aRsaqmeli. 

rac Seexeba leqss `lelis~ dabali SairiTaa (5/3//5/3) gamarTuli, 

sadac reCitaciisas muxlebi agrZelebs taeps da 

leqsi ufro grZeli Cans. elene lorTqifaniZea aqac poetisaTvis 

`xiluli RvTaeba~, RmerTiviT `TvalSeudgami~. Sen 

CemTvis erTi xar, SeiZleba aseTi akrostixic ki Sedges am 

leqsis eqvstaepedidan, sadac orgzis meordeba piris nacvalsaxeli 

_ Sen, xolo TviTon leli moxseniebulia, rogorc 

Sveli, leqsis dasawyisSive. 

`lelis~ msgavsad leqsi `lelic~ (1917w.) mosazRvre riTmiTaa 

dawerili. sazomi aqac izosilaburia, Tumca misgan 

gansxvavebiT es leqsi CaxruxauliTaa dawerili (5/5//5/5). 

igi sul 10 striqonisgan Sedgeba. pirvel eqvs striqonSi poeti 

arsebobis problemas wamoWris, svams kiTxvebs samyarosadmi, 

uxilavis, RmerTis saxis ZiebaSi rom ver mimxvdara 

sikvdil-sicocxlis arss. Cvens Tvalwin iSleba arsebobis 

problema. gviCndeba kiTxvebi, romlebsac bolo oTx striqonSi 

upasuxebs avtori. mas miaCnia, rom arsebobas azri aqvs 

imdenad, ramdenadac ZalgiZs giyvardes vinme.

`rogorc demonma gipove leli! xilul RvTaebad movlinebuli~ 

(leoniZe 2000: 101), _ mimarTavs igi satrfos. es 

leqsi sainteresoa im mxrivac, rom masSi rogorc CaxruxaulisTvisaa 

damaxasiaTebeli, aris rogorc Sida riTmebi, 

aseve pirveli da meore naxevrebi striqonebisa cak-calke 

erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad ixmareba. 

leli 

ìgi momwyurda... da didi xnobiT, 

SevRaRadebdi dabnelebul cas, 

didxans veZebdi uxilav saxes, 

didxans veZebdi saxes RmerTisas... 

magram vin naxa, magram vin uwyis 

sicocxle Cveni da dasasruli? 

bevri gvinaxavs kubos mdebare, 

bevri gvinaxavs miwad STasruli! 

saiT midian? _ aras amboben... 

TviT ar ician, risTvis kvdebian... 

guilT civni da usicocxloni 

mimqral TvalebiT gveTxovebian... 

da rac Ziebam ver momaniWa 

is SenSi vpove, o, leli, leli, 

saxe warmtaci, yvavilovani, 

saxe Zvirfasi da momxibvleli... 

me Sens TvalebSi amovikiTxe, 

rad momevline miwas vnebuli, 

rogorc demonma gipove, leli. 

xilul RvTaebad movlinebuli~. 

(leoniZe 2000: 101) 

leqsis pirveli naxevris bolo katreni am saxiT ikiTxeba: 

`da, rac Ziebam ver momaniWa 

saxe warmtaci, yvavilovani 

me Sens TvalebSi amovikiTxe, 

rogorc demonma gipovne leli!~ 

leqsis II naxevris bolo katreni ki aseT saxes iRebs: 

ìs SenSi vpove o, leli, leli, 

saxe Zvirfasi da momxibvleli 

rad movevline miwas vnebuli 

xilul RvTaebad movlinebuli~. 

173

leqsis amgvari wakiTxvisas xilul RvTaebad ukve ukve 

poeti gvevlineba, rac kidev erTxel gvaxsenebs zemoT ukve 

naxseneb e. fromis sityvebs: `Cemi Tavic ki miyvars SenSi~. 

demoni siyvarulis ZaliT xilul RvTaebad gardaiqmna. xiluli 

rvTaeba ki misi siyvaruli leli lorTqifaniZea, 

`warmtaci~, `yvavilovani~ saxe, didi xnis Semdeg rom ipova 

davriSadqceulma. 

leqsi `modavriSe Tvalebi (elis)~ (1916 w.) maRali Sairi- 

Taa dawerili. sazomi heterosilaburia (16:8). aq moxetiale, 

davriSi poeti Teqvsmetmaecvliani striqonebidan rvamarcvlian 

striqonebze da piriqiT daexeteba. leqsi sami nawilisagan 

Sedgeba, romlebSic siyvarulis yovlismomcvel Zalaze 

mogviTxrobs poeti, davriSad rom aqcia igi. `gulis 

Cum saydarSi~ `Taflis sanTeliviT~ rom krTian, swored es 

ori varskvlavi, meteoriviT kaSkaSa, margalitissadari Tvali 

adavriSebs poets.~ 

174 

`dRes eg Tvali madavriSebs 

ameTvisto vardisferi~. 

(leoniZe 2000: 94) 

wers davriSadqceuli gogla, romelic siyvarulis meSveobiT 

cdilobs qristianul da muslimanur religiaTa urTierTdakavSirebas. 

davriSi moxetiale muslimani beria, Tumca siyvarulisgan 

davriSadqceuli poeti amavdroulad alublis qveS 

irmis wyarosken miiltvis, rac erTgvari gamoZaxilia 41-e 

fsalmunisa, romelic Semdegi sityvebiT iwyeba: 

`rogorc iremi miiltvis wylis nakadulisken, 

ise miiltvis Cemi suli Sensken RmerTo! 

Zlieri da ukvdavi RmerTis wyurvili aqvs Cems suls. 

rodis moval da vixilav saxes RmerTisas.~ 

(axali aRTqma... 1993: 565) 

`viTarca surin iremsa 

wyarosa mimarT wyalTasa, egreca 

surin sulsa Cemsa Sendami!~ 

Zlieri da ukvdavi RmerTis wyurvils leoniZe siyvaruliT 

iklavs, xatad da salocavad sayvareli qalis Tvalebi 

rom gauxdia. swored maTTan `saubrad da Sesayrelad iltvis 

poetis suli. `Cemi cremlebi haerad mqonda dRisiT da

RaamiT, raki metyodnen yoveldRiurad `sad aris RmerTi 

Seni?~ _ ase amTavrebs fsalmuns daviTi, leoniZe ki wers: 

`da mec sikvdils vegebebi, 

viT lxinsa da dResaswauls _ 

radgan vici damitirebs Seni Savi 

zangubari _~ 

(leoniZe 2000: 94-95) 

satrfos cremlebi is sazrdoa, sikvdils xatis dReobad 

rom gadauqcevs poets. RvTisken mimaval gzas gaukafavs da 

galaktioniviT afiqrebinebs, rom `sikvdilis gza arra aris 

vardisfer gzis garda.~ `rom aCrdilno, me Tqvens axlos 

sikvdils vegebebi~, _ wers galaktioni, romlis gamoZaxilicaa 

leoniZis Semdegi sityvebi: 

`da yoveldRe vsunTqav sikvdils, 

gazafxulTan SenarTauls 

da mec sikvdils vegebebi, 

viT lxinsa da dResaswauls _~ 

(leoniZe 2000: 94-95) 

mesame nawili leqsisa aseve uaxlovdeba meTormete 

fsalmuns... 

`momxede, mipasuxe, ufalo RmerTo Cemo! 

mohfine naTeli Cems Tvalebs, 

rom ar daviZino sasikvdilod!.. 

xolo me Seni wyalobis imedi maqvs. 

Seni SveliT ixarebs Cemi guli 

vugalobeb ufals, Cems keTilismyofels.~ 

(axali aRTqma... 1993: 533) 

am sityvebiT esaubreba daviTi ufals. leqsis III nawilSi 

ki sikvdiliT Sezaruli poeti `mze momeciT! mze momeciT! 

firfativiT viZaxodeo~ _ wers, rac Sinaarsobrivad erTgvarad 

axlosaa daviTis zemoT moyvanil sityvebTan: 

`mohfine naTeli Cems Tvalebs, 

rom ar daviZino sasikvdilod~. 

daviTisgan gansxvavebiT poets satrfos imedi aqvs, xatad 

da salocavad rom gauxdia. `xatis dReobaSi~ araybariT dailoceba 

da rogorc daviTi RmerTs, ise ugalobs isic siyvaruls 

`vugalobeb ufals Cems keTilismyofels~ _ lelis. 

lelisadmi miZRvnil leqsebSi aSkarad igrZnoba poetis 

175

orientacia simbolisturi Temebisadmi. aseT Temebad gvevlineba 

leoniZesTan swrafva uxilavisadmi da idumalisadmi, 

irealuri, warmosaxuli samyarosadmi, fiqri sikvdilsa da 

am samyaroSi poetis miusafrobaze. es swored is Temebia, 

romlebic simbolisturi msoflmxedvelobis sakvanZo Temebs 

ukavSirdeba. 

am leqsebSi sikvdilisa Tu ukvdavebis miuwvdomlobis 

Temebi, rogorc bela wifuria aRniSnavs, ra Tqma unda, dakavSirebulia 

sakuTari sicocxlis sasrulobis gancdasTanac, 

magram ufro mtkivneulad es ganwyobilebani ukavSirdeba 

`qals~, satrfos saxebas, elene lorTqifaniZes. 

rTuli sulieri mdgomareobis gamosaxatavad poeti mimarTavs 

`SeuTavsebelTa Sewyvilebas~, romelsac Cveulebriv 

oqsimorons uwodeben: `rogorc kuboSi patarZali~, 

`vsunTqav sikvdils gazafxulTan SenarTauls.~ 

elene lorTqifaniZisadmi miZRvnil leqsebSi poeti xSirad 

erTmaneTTan awyvilebs sapirispiro cnebebs: musulmanoba 

da qristianoba, sicocxle – samare (sikvdili), sicili 

– tirili, sicocxle – dasasruli, demoni – xiluli 

RvTaeba. TiTqmis yovel leqss msWvalavs maTi mRelvare 

antiTeza. 

damowmebani: 

asaTiani 2001: asaTiani g. giorgi leoniZe. Tb.: `saari~, 2001. 

axali aRTqma... 1993: àxali aRTqma da fsalmunebi~. bibliis Targmnis 

instituti. stokholmi: 1993. 

leoniZe 2000: leoniZe g. leqsebis krebuli: `saqarTvelos cremlebi~. 

Sedgenili nestan leoniZis mier. Tb.: 2000. 

fromi1991: fromi e. siyvarulis xelovneba (inglisuridan Targmna i. 

eluaSvilma). `literatura da xelovneba~. № 1, 3. Tb.: `mecniereba~. 

1991. 

http://gogla.edu.ge/masze/2.htm 

http://publish.dlf.ge/vaxtangvi/asatianiguram/shemoqmedeba/tanamdevi%20sulebi/tan 

amdevi%20sulebi.htm 

176

sarCevi 

zaza abzianiZe 

`natvris xe~...........................................................................................3 


`me misTvis vgeSav leqsis miminos...~...........................................10 

qeTevan bezaraSvili, Tamar lomiZe 

amaRlebulisa da gansacvifreblis 

cnebebi Zvel literaturul-Teoriul 

naazrevSi da galaktionTan..........................................................19 

manana gelaSvili 

uordsuorTi da kolriji: 

SemoqmedebiTi krizisis problema.............................................41 

qeTevan enuqiZe 

giorgi leoniZis leqsis metri 

(1918 — 1925 wlebi).............................................................................48 

manana kakabaZe 

giorgi leoniZe _ nikoloz baraTaSvilis 

mkvlevari.............................................................................................56 

emzar kvitaiSvili 

leqsad gardaqmnili siWabuke......................................................68 

elene koSoriZe 

giorgi leoniZis qarTuli............................................................74 

sofio mujiri 

enis gaucxoeba germanulenovan 

eTnografiul poetikaSi................................................................91 

maia naWyebia 

`qeTevanis wigni~ 

(erTi leqsis analizi)...................................................................106 

177

apolon silagaZe 

leqsTwyobis kanonzomieri sistemisa da 

kanonzomieri diaqroniis Sesaxeb.............................................114 

nino sozaSvili 

giorgi leoniZis erTi leqsis 

saxismetyvelebisaTvis.................................................................119 

Sorena qurTiSvili 

giorgi leoniZis metrika 

XX saukunis 10-ian wlebSi............................................................126 

Tamila woworia 

galaktioni da gogla....................................................................133 

178 

*** 

nunu balavaZe 

`gana leqsi leqsi ari, Tu darCeba munji?~ 

(giorgi leoniZis Tbilisuri leqsis evfonia)....................144 

lana grZeliSvili 

giorgi leoniZe _ `WaSnikis~ mkvlevari................................151 

ina imedaSvili 

xis simbolika giorgi leoniZis lirikaSi 

(ocnebebi _ oleze)........................................................................158 

TamTa kalatoziSvili 

`modavriSe Tvalebi~ (elis)~.......................................................168

SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti

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